United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Municipal
Pollution Control (WH-546)
Washington DC 20460
July 1986
Water
Energy in Municipal Waste
Water Treatment
An Energy Audit Procedure
and Supporting Data Base
Appendix A
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ENERGY IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
AN ENERGY AUDIT PROCEDURE AND SUPPORTING DATA BASE
APPENDIX A
Submitted to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Municipal Construction .Division (WH-547)
Office of Water Programs
Attention: Mr. James Wheeler
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Submitted by:
CARLTECH ASSOCIATES, INC.
OVERLOOK CENTER, SUITE 301
5457 TWIN KNOLLS ROAD
COLUMBIA, MD 21045
In Response To:
Contract No. 68-01-6433
July, 1986
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction A-l
I. ENERGY ESTIMATION PROCEDURE A-2
I.I Scope A-2
1.2 Applicability A-2
1.3 Method for Estimating Acquistion Energies A-3
1.4 Method for Estimating Operating Energies.......... A-3
1.5 Interpolation Method A-4
II. ENERGY SURVEY PROCEDURE A-5
PROCEDURE A-ELECTRIC MOTORS A-6
1. Scope.,^............................................ A-6
2. Applicability A-6
3* Personnel A-6
4. Equipment A-6
5ซ Energy Survey Methodology A-7
PROCEDURE B-HEATERS AND INCINERATORS A-10
1. Scope A-10
2. Applicability A-10
3. Personnel A-10
4. Equipment A-10
5. Survey Methodology A-10
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
NOTES TO PLANT ENGINEERS A-13
EXHIBIT II-1 ENERGY UNIT PROCESSES A-14
EXHIBIT 12-1 ACQUISTION ENERGIES... A-15
EXHIBIT 13-1 DETAILED ACQUISTION ENERGY CALCUALTION.. A-16
OPERATING ENERGY EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT 14-1 PUMPING-RAW WASTEWATER .... A-19
EXHIBIT 14-2 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - SCREENS A-20
EXHIBIT 14-3 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - COMMUNITORS A-21
EXHIBIT 14-4 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - GRIT REMOVAL.... A-22
(AERATED)
EXHIBIT 14-5 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - GRIT REMOVAL.... A-23
(NON-AERATED)
EXHIBIT 14-6 ACTIVATED SLUDGE - DIFFUSED AIR A-25
. .-.'..-..: .. ..(-FINE. BUBBLE) .... ... ...... .. -, . ..
EXHIBIT 14-7 ACTIVATED SLUDGE - DIFFUSED AIR A-27
(COARSE BUBBLE)
EXHIBIT 14-8 ACTIVATED SLUDGE - MECHANICAL AERATION.. A-28
EXHIBIT 14-9 ACTIVATED SLUDGE - SUBMERGED TURBINE.... A-30
EXHIBIT 14-10 ACTIVATED SLUDGE - PURE OXYGEN..... A-32
EXHIBIT 14-11 CHEMICAL ADDITION - ALUM A-34
EXHIBIT 14-12 CHEMICAL ADDITION - LIME A-36
EXHIBIT 14-13 CLARIFIERS, ROUND OR SQUARE A-38
EXHIBIT 14-14 LAGOONS - AERATED A-40
EXHIBIT 14-15 ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS A-42
EXHIBIT 14-16 TRICKLING FILTERS - LOW RATE ROCK MEDIA. A-44
EXHIBIT 14-17 TRICKLING FILTERS - HIGH RATE ROCK MEDIA A-46
EXHIBIT 14-18 TRICKLING FILTERS - HIGH RATE A-48
(PLASTIC MEDIA)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(CONTINUED)
EXHIBIT 14-19 TRICKLING FILTERS - SUPER HIGH RATE
(PLASTIC MEDIA) A-50
EXHIBIT 14-20 PUMPING - IN PLANT A-51
EXHIBIT 14-21 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION................ A-52
(TRICKLING FILTER)
EXHIBIT 14-22 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION - RBC'S.. A-54
EXHIBIT 14-23 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION A-56
(SUSPENDED GROWTH)
EXHIBIT 14-24 DIGESTION - AEROBIC A-58
EXHIBIT 14-25 DIGESTION - ANAEROBIC. A-60
EXHIBIT 14-26 FILTRATION, MIXED MEDIA A-62
EXHIBIT 14-27 MICROSTRAINING A-64
EXHIBIT 14-28 SLUDGE THICKENING A-66
(DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION)
EXHIBIT 14-2?, ..CENTRIFUGAL DEWATERING. A-68
:' (BASKET CENTRIFUGE) :'' '
EXHIBIT 14-30 CENTRIFUGAL DEWATERING - LOW G SOLID BOWL
CENTRIFUGE A-70
EXHIBIT 14-31 CENTRIFUGAL DEWATERING - HIGH G SOLID BOWL
CENTRIFUGE A-71
EXHIBIT 14-32 CENTRIFUGAL THICKENING A-72
(BASKET CENTRIFUGE)
EXHIBIT 14-33 CENTRIFUGAL THICKENING - LOW G SOLID BOWL
CENTRIFUGE A-73
EXHIBIT 14-34 CENTRIFUGAL THICKENING - HIGH G SOLID BOWL
CENTRIFUGE A-74
EXHIBIT 14-35 SLUDGE DEWATERING, DRYING BEDS A-75
EXHIBIT 14-36 SLUDGE DEWATERING, BELT FILTER PRESS.... A-76
EXHIBIT 14-37 SLUDGE DEWATERING A-78
(DIAPHRAGM FILTER PRESS)
EXHIBIT 14-38 GRAVITY THICKENING A-80
EXHIBIT 14-39 SLUDGE DEWATERING, VACUUM FILTRATION.... A-81
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EXHIBIT 14-40 SLUDGE INCINERATION - MULTIPLE HEARTH... A-83
EXHIBIT 14-41 PUMPING - SLUDGE A-85
EXHIBIT 14-42 GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION.. A-86
EXHIBIT 14-43 CHLORINATION A-88
EXHIBIT 14-44 LAND TREATMENT A-90
EXHIBIT 14-45 BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION A-91
EXHIBIT 14-46 S02 DECHLORINATION A-93
EXHIBIT 14-47 OZ ON AT I ON ... A-95
EXHIBIT 14-48 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DISINFECTION A-97
EXHIBIT 14-49 LAND TREATMENT - OVERLAND FLOW.......... A-98
EXHIBIT 14-50 LUDGE TRANSPORT - TRUCK*................ A-99
EXHIBIT 15-1 INTERPOLATION A-100
EXHIBIT II1-1 ..ENERGY SURVEY SUMMARY. A-101
EXHIBIT It?-!.' SURVEY RECORD CHART - ELECTRONIC MOTORS. Ar-102
EXHIBIT II3-1 SURVEY RECORD CHART A-103
(HEATERS AND INCINERATORS)
APPENDIX A EXAMPLE OF PROCEDURES A-104
EXHIBIT A-l . ACQUISITON ENERGY SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE.. A-105
EXHIBIT A-2 DETAILED ACQUISTION ENERGY CALCULATION.. A-106
EXHIBIT A-3 OPERATING ENERGY A-107
EXHIBIT A-4 INTERPOLATION A-108
EXHIBIT A-5 ENERGY SURVEY SUMMARY A-l09
EXHIBIT A-6 SURVEY RECORD CHART - ELECTRIC MOTORS... A-l 10
EXHIBIT A-7 SURVEY RECORD CHART - HEATERS AND A-l 14
INCINERATORS
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MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
PROCEDURES
This appendix can be used to estimate and evaluate energy use in wastewater
treatment (WWT) unit processes.
Part I consists of tables, supporting data, and formulas for estimating energy
use in both acquisition and operating WWT unit processes.
Part II consists of procedures for surveying energy use in operating plants.
A-l
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PART I
ENERGY ESTIMATION PROCEDURE
The attached procedures can be used by planning and operating personnel to
estimate the energy requirements of construction and operating WWT unit
processes. Acquisition energy includes both the embodied energies of the raw
materials and the energy consumed in construction. Operating energy consists
of energy consumed in plant operation but does not include the energies
embodied in consumables such as chlorine, oxygen, and maintenance materials.
The estimating procedures are based on typical plants but may be varied for
significant differences in design parameters.
1.0 SCOPE
1. This manual describes the method for estimating acquisition and
operating energy requirements of wastewater treatment plants in
the 0.5 to 100.0 MGD flow range.
2. Acquisition energies for comparison among treatment alternatives
may be estimated from tables or by the technique described herein
for units not covered in this manual.
- 3. Operating energies for comparison among treatment alternatives or
. . with energy survey results may be estimated by use of tables for
processes covered by this manual with optional adjustment for flow
' : ; rates arid other design parameters. Illustrative block diagrams
may be found in Exhibit I4-1A and I4-48A.
4. Acquisition and operating energies should not be added together
for comparison among treatment alternatives as they have different
levels of precision which may bias the results.
5. Energies are not accurate beyond two significant figures. Users
are .advised to round off all totals to only two significant
figures prior to use. (The calculated values are left in the
tables to permit the user to follow the methodology.)
2.0 APPLICABILITY
1. Unit processes having both acquisition and operating energy tables
are listed in Exhibit I1-1A.
2. Unit processes with operating energy tables only are listed in
Exhibit I1-1B.
A-2
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3.0 METHOD FOR ESTIMATING ACQUISITION ENERGIES
1. Determine the wastewater flow rate in million gallons per day
CMGD) and unit processes to the included in the process train for
the proposed plant.
2 For the units listed in Exhibit I1-1A interpolate (see Section 5)
the energy values for the appropriate flow rate. Reference energy
values may be found in.Exhibit 12-1.
3. For those units not covered in this manual and for which you have
a breakdown of the cost of materials, you may calculate acquisi-
tion energies using Exhibit 13-1 as your worksheet Energy values
in Exhibit 13-1 are shown per 1967 dollars. To convert current
component costs to a 1967 base multiply costs in column one by
the following adjustment factor:
F - (Base 1967 Index Value)
(Current Index Value)
Exhibit I3-1A presents monthly published indices recommended for
different cost components. Exhibit I3-1B presents base 1967
values of indices for a number of components.
4. After unit process energies have be calculated, add the energy
values of the process train together. This will give you the es-
. floated acquisition energy.
4.0 METHOD FOR ESTIMATING OPERATING ENERGIES
1. Determine the design wastewater flow rate in MGD and the process
train for the proposed or existing plant.
2. For units in the process train that are covered in this manual
(see Exhibit 11-1) interpolate (see page A-108 of Appendix A) the
energy values for the appropriate flow rate Use Exhibits 14-1
. ..." . through I4r35 for the reference energy values by interpolating
values for the typical plants.
3a. If the design parameters are unknown and/or the energy usage of
the full range of generally accepted designs for a unit process is
desired interpolate the maximum and minimum values to the appro-
priate flow rate to estimate the operating energy range.
or
3b. If the design parameters are known and you require a more
precise estimate use the equation listed below each table to
adjust the estimated typical operating energy for your
specific case.
4. After calculating energy requirements for the unit processes, add
them together to get the estimated plant operating energy
A-3
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5.0 INTERPOLATION METHOD
1. Use the wastewater flow rate in MGD for the proposed plant.
2. Use the worksheet in Exhibit 15-1 to interpolate the flow rate.
3. Determine which flow rates (from the appropriate tables) are
closest to your plant. The higher value is X2, the lower value
is XI.
4. The following section describes the use of interpolation equa-
tions. As an alternative, the worksheet in Exhibit 15-1 may be
followed for each interpolation. Energies may be interpolated
using this formula:
Y ซ mX + b
where: m ป Y2 - Yl
X2 - XI
b ซ Y2 - mX2 or Yl - mXl
Y is interpolated energy for your plant
X ซ flow of your plant
Y2 = Energy from Table at the flow rate
that is greater than your plant flow
X2 = Flow rate that is greater than your
plant flow.
Yl = Energy from Table at the flow rate
that is less than your plant flow.
XI = Flow that is less than your plant
. .flow.
A-4
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PART II
ENERGY SURVEY PROCEDURE
The attached procedures are designed to evaluate systematically energy use in
wastewater treatment (WWT) plants by surveying all electric motors and heating
devices associated with the WWT process. Energy.Survey Procedure A assesses
the energy use of all electric motors (i.e. the energy use of pumps, compres-
sors, comminutors, etc.), while Procedure B assesses all heating devices
(electric resistance heaters, oil or gas fired furnaces and heaters, or steam
supplied by an out-of-plant source). All other energy users should be
addressed on a case by case basis and will be summarized on this form, with
the results from the two energy survey procedures. Notes to plant personnel
on use of results of energy surveys follow the procedures.
A-5
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PROCEDURE A-ELECTRIC MOTORS
1.0 SCOPE
1. This procedure describes the method and requirements for
performing an energy survey on all electric motors associated with
a municipal wastewater treatment process.
2. This procedure encompasses all electric motors at the facility
which have a direct effect on the operation of the process train.
This procedure does not include facility electric loads such as
building lighting or HVAC not directly associated with the
wastewater treatment process.
3. Data collected from this survey may be used to measure the net
energy requirements of all electric motors, along with the !
efficiency of all motors.
2.0 APPLICABILITY
1. Net energy requirements of electric motors at all municipal
wastewater treatment plants can be reviewed using this procedure.
This may include packaged wastewater treatment units and low flow
........ .processes of less, than .0.5 million gallons per day (MGD) influent,
to full scale facilities over 100 MGD influent.
2. This procedure can be used during both design and operational
phases to evaluate energy usage. In addition, this procedure
allows for power (kilowatt) input to be compared to power usage
for each motor. This provides operational data designed to
evaluate the efficiency of all motors in the plant.
3.0 PERSONNEL
1. This survey may be conducted by the plant engineer, plant
superintendant, or a designated assistant.
4.0 EQUIPMENT
1. The equipment needed to perform this survey is as follows:
Voltmeter
Clamp on Amperage Meter (ampmeter)
Wattmeter (either portable or hard wired into the individual
motor circuit)
A-6
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5.0 ENERGY SURVEY METHODOLOGY
1 Using a separate form (Exhibit II1-1) for each major plant
process record the number function and process system of each
motor associated with the wastewater treatment process in column 1
of the Survey Record Chart. A unique identification should be en-
tered for each motor surveyed. For example: #2 Sludge Pump.
Primary.
2. From the manufacturer's name plate attached to the motor, record
motor horsepower voltage and frequency in columns 2. 3 and 4,
respectively.
3. The motor must be operating for five minutes prior to the
performance of any testing. Therefore motors (pumps, etc.) in a
standby status should be scheduled for operation, and started
prior to this survey This may require separate surveys of opera-
ting and standby motors. All readings will be taken at the motor
controller. -.. ' ; , - ,'.. ...-. .
4; . Using the voltmeter, read the voltage (E) across each phase of the
motor and record the average voltage in volts on the Survey
Record Chart in column 5.
5. Using the ampmeter, read the current (I) and record the
amperage in amps on the Survey Record Chart in.column 6.
. .6.. Using the wattmeter, read the power, twice, at five minute
intervals and record"the average-.power in kilowatts (KWV on the
Survey Record Chart in column 7.
7 Disconnect all portable meters arid return the system to normal
operation.
8 Estimate the motor's duty cycle by computing the fraction of time
the motor is in operation at normal capacity. This may be
performed by using any of the following techniques:
1) Visual observation of motor run time in a given period (i.e .
minutes per hour, hours per shift or per day)
2) Examination of motor operating log
3) Examination of elapsed running time meter, if available
4) Precise operating knowledge of each system.
This fraction is entered in Column 8 of the Survey Record Chart.
For example- if the motor is in operation for 30 minutes each
hour, the duty cycle is 50% and the operating fraction is 0.5.
A 7
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9. Convert the power requirements to energy usage per year by
multiplying the power in column 7 by the duty cycle fraction in
column 8 and multiplying the result by 6760 hours. Enter the
energy usage per year, in Kilowatt-hours (KW-hr) , in column 9.
10. Calculate the power factor of each motor and record it in column
10 of the Survey Record Chart. The following subsections describe
the calculation:
1} For three-phase motors, solve for Kilo volt- Amps
(Kva) using the following formula:
KVA - (1.732) (E) (I)
1000
where E is the voltage from column 5
and I is the current from column 6
Using this value solve for the power factor:
power factor ป KW
-
where KW is power from column 7
and KVA is value previously calculated.
Enter the power factor in column 10 of the
Survey Record Chart
2) For single-phase motors, solve for KVA using
the following formula:
KVA = (E) (I)
1000
where E is the voltage from column 5
and I is the current from column 6.
Using this value solve for the power factor:
power factor = KW
KVA
where KW is the power from column 7
and KVA is the value previously calculated.
Enter the power factor in column 10 of the
Survey Record Chart.
A-8
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11. If the power factor is less than 0.80 the electrical operator or
plant engineer should comment, in column 11, concerning the low
energy efficiency of the motor. (Normally operates at low
efficiency, etc.)
12. Add all values in column 9 to evaluate the section yearly energy
use of all motors associated with that WWT process. Record this
value, in KW-hr, in the box marked "subtotal."
13. Add all "subtotal" values to evaluate the total overall yearly
energy usage of all motors. Record this value, in KW-Hr, in the
box marked "total yearly energy usage" under electric motors on
the summary page of the Energy Survey.
14. Convert this value to British thermal units (Btu's) by multiplying
by 3413. Record this value, in Btu's, in the box marked total
yearly electric motor energy (Btu) on the summary page of the
Energy Survey.
A-9
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PROCEDURE B-HEATERS AND INCINERATORS
1.0 SCOPE
1. This procedure describes the method and requirements for
performing an energy survey on all heaters and incinerators
associated with a municipal wastewater treatment process.
2. This procedure encompasses all heaters and incinerators at the
facility which in whole or part have a direct effect on the
operation of the process train. This procedure does not include
facility heating loads such as building heat.
3. Data collected from this survey may be used to measure the net
energy requirements of all process heating applications.
2.0 APPLICABILITY
1. Net energy requirements of heaters and incinerators can be
reviewed by using this procedure. This may include package
wastewater treatment units and low flow processes of less than 0.5
million gallons per day (MGD), influent, and to scale facilities
bearing capacities of over 100 MGD, influent.
2. This procedure can be used during both design and operational
phases to evaluate energy usage.
3 V0; "' PERSONNEL ' " ...' . . . :
1. This survey may be conducted by the plant engineer, plant
superintendant, or a designated assistant.
4.0 EQUIPMENT
1. For electric resistance heaters or incinerators a Wattmeter
(either portable or hard wired into the individual heater or
incinerator circuit) is required.
2. For natural gas or steam heaters or incinerators no additional
equipment, beyond station instrumentation, is required.
5.0 SURVEY METHODOLOGY
1. Using a separate form (Exhibit II1-1) for each plant process sec-
tion, record the number, function, and process system of each
heater or incinerator associated with the wastewater treatment
process in column 1 of the Survey Record Chart. A unique identi-
fication should be entered for each item surveyed.
2. Record the type of heater or incinerator in column 2. For
example: steam heaters, electric resistance heaters, multiple
hearth incinerators, etc.
A-10
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3. The heater or incinerator must be operating for 1 hour at normal
load prior to the performance of any testing.
4. All electrical readings should be taken at the control panel.
5. Only one value per heater or incinerator should be entered in
either columns 3, 4, 5, or 6 as follows:
1) For electrical resistance heaters, read the power (in
kilowatts) and record the value on the Survey Record Chart in
column 3.
2) For natural gas or oil heaters or incinerators, record the
normal monthly gas or oil process stream consumption in
columns 4 or 5, respectively.
3) For steam heaters, determine the steam flow through the
heater and record the flow rate, in pounds mass/hour
(Ibm/hr), in column 6.
6. Estimate the heater or incinerator duty cycle by computing the
fraction of time the heater or incinerator is placed in ....... ..
operation. This fraction is entered in column 7 of the Survey
Record Chart. If in continual use, enter 1.0. This method may
not be accurate if the incinerator is on standby or started up
and shut down many times. You should check results of this
calculation against your fuel bills for these cases.
7. Convert the recorded values in columns 3 through 6 to energy usage
~": ' per'year as follows: ' "" "'"'' ' ' ' ' ' '''' ' '
1) For electric heaters, multiply the power in column 3 by the
duty cycle fraction in column 7 and multiply the result by
8760 hours. This result is then multiplied by 3413 to
calculate the number of Btu/year. Enter the resulting
energy/year, in Btu/yr, in column 8 of the chart.
2) For natural gas, multiply the volume/ in column 4, by 1000
Btu/cubic feet (Btu/ft ), and multiply the result by 12 to
convert to a yearly energy usage. Enter the result in column
8 of the chart.
3) For oil, multiply the volume, in column 5, by 112,000
Btu/gal, and multiply the result by 12 to convert to a yearly
energy usage. Enter the result in column 8 of the chart.
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4) For steam (not accounted for in sections (1), (2) or (3)'
convert the value in column 6 to Btu by use of a steam table
(i.e. for a given pressure, read the value of specific en-
thalpy for saturated steam (Btu/lbm); multiply this value by
the flow rate and calculate the Btu/hr.) Multiply this
result by 8760 hours to calculate the Btu/year. Enter this
value in column 8 of the chart.
8. Comment on any unique plant systems, i.e., steam from a furnace
used to heat a different process stream, etc.
9. Add all values in column 8 to evaluate the total yearly energy use
of all heaters and incinerators associated with the WWT process.
Record this value, in Btu, in the box marked total yearly heating
energy (Btu) on the summary page of the Survey Report.
10. Add all subtotals for each process stream and enter the total, in
Btu, in the box marked "Total Yearly Energy Usage" under "Heaters
and Incinerators" on the summary page of the Survey Report.
A-12
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NOTES TO PLANT ENGINEERS
USE OF RESULTS
This section is a general discussion of using results of this survey. Each
wastewater treatment plant is unique. This manual cannot cover all cases.
Therefore, the results of the survey must be interpreted by appropriate plant
personnel. We recommend examination of two areas:
o Validation of the energy survey against energy bills.
The energy survey does not include lighting and HVAC (Heating,
Ventilating and Air Conditioning) demands; properly-conducted
energy survey results should be about 75 to 95 percent of
energy bills. Unusual and identified energy sources (e.g., use
of digester gas) or demands may be an exception. If there is
an inexplicable or undocumented difference between, energy
survey results and energy bills then the cause should be .
investigated.
o Comparison of the validated energy survey against the operating
energy estimate (Part I).
The operating energy estimate from Part I represents typical
operating experience adjusted for major design differences If
" ' the validated energy survey is significantly different from the
.. .. : .operating., energy estimate and the causes of this difference are
not clearly defined, considerable benefit may result from inves-
tigation of reasons and of investment in energy reduction (if your
result is high) or dissemination of your information about your
operating practices (if your result is low )
A-13
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EXHIBIT 11-1
A. ACQUISITION ENERGIES UNIT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Anaerobic Digesters
Centrifugation
Clarifiers
Filtration
Multiple Hearth Incineration
Pure Oxygen Activated Sludge
Rock Media Trickling Filter
Rotating Biological Contactor
Sludge Pumping Station
Vacuum Filtration
B. OPERATING ENERGY UNIT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Diffused Air, Coarse Bubble
Diffused Air, Fine Bubble
Mechanical Aeration
Submerged Turbine
Activated Sludge, Oxygen
Breakpoint Chlorination
Biological Nitrification
Suspended Growth
Trickling Filters
RBC' s
Chemical Addition
. . Alum. :...'. '. .. - ' .. '
Lime
Chlorination
Clarifiers
Dechlorination (SO2)
Dissolved Air Floatation
Digestion
Aerobic
.Anaerobic
Filtration
Granular Activated Carbon
Lagoons, Aerated
Land Treatment, Slow Rate
Microstraining
Overland Flow
Ozonation
Preliminary Treatment
Comminutors
Grit Removal (Aerated)
Grit Removal (Nonaerated)
Screens
Pumping
In Plant
Wastewater
Sludge
Rotating Biological Contactors
Sludge Dewatering
Basket Centrifuge
Low G Solid Bowl Centrifuge
High G Solid Bowl Centrifuge
Filter Press
-Diaphragm
-Belt
. Drying Beds . ... .
Sludge Incineration
Multiple Hearth
Sludge Thickening
Basket Centrifuge
Low G Solid Bowl Centrifuge
High G Solid Bowl Centrifuge
Gravity Thickening
Dissolved Air Flotation
Trickling Filters
Low Rate, Rock Media
High Rate, Plastic Media
High Rate, Rock Media
Super High Rate, Plastic Media
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection
A-14
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EXHIBIT 12-1
ACQUISITION ENERGIES
ACQUISITION ENERGY Btu X 10
UNIT PROCESSES
Activated Sludge
Pure Oxygen Activated Sludge
Centrifugation
Multiple Hearth Incineration
Clarifiers
Vacuum Filtration
Rotating Biological Contactor
Rock Media Trickling Filter
Sludge Pumping Station
Anaerobic Digesters
Filtration
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
3656
20944
2657
21318
2655
1602
3329
1007
359
4026
7644
1.0
7037
26133
3542
27908
4167
2411
6961
1864
503
5782
10578
10
33600
59911
10723
80029
17554
10036
64962
14043
1754
23300
34367
100
192709
168318
30718
162478
126457
61652
729544
105800
5339
217-452
167222
A-15
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EXHIBIT 13-1
DETAILED ACQUISITION ENERGY CALCULATION
WORKSHEET
Cost Estimate Adjustaent 1968 Base Unit Energy
$1.000 x Index x Cost $1,000 + Values BTUs/J
Energy
Millions of BTUs
Manufactured Equipment
Concrete
Structural Steel
Labor
Concrete Pipe
Electrical A Instrumentation
Miscellaneous Items
Rock or Sand Media
Underdralns
Excavation
Fabricated Media
Metal, Pipe and Valves
Housing
OTHER
Home Office
Construction Equipment
Pumps
Canals
Plywood Forms
Bricks
Concrete Blocks
Cast Iron Pipe
Clay Pipe
62100
158700
131300
103100
83000
77000
99200
75000
82000
29000
111300
31000
60000
59700
31400
133400
220900
248700
A-l*
-------
EXHIBIT I3-1A
INDICES USED TO UPDATE COST COMPONENTS
COST COMPONENT
Manufactured Equipment
Concrete
Steel
Labor
Miscellaneous Steel
Concrete Pipe
Electrical and Instrumentation
Rock or Sand Media
Underdrains
Excavation/Earthwork
Fabricated Media
Metal Pipe and Valves
Housing
Walls
Clay Pipe ._......
Home Office
Pumps
Bricks
Concrete Blocks
Cast Iron Pipe
INDEX
General Purpose Machinery, BLS
Concrete, BLS #132
Steel, BLSS #1013
ENR Skilled Labor-Kansas
Steel, BLS #1013
Concrete, BLS #132
Electrical, BLS #117
Concrete, BLS #132
Metal Pipe, BLS #114901
ENR Skilled Labor-Kansas
Plastics, BLS #0721
Metal Pipe, BLS #114901
Housing, $/sq.ft.
Housing, $/sq.ft.
Clay Pipe, BLS #1345
Housing, $/sq.ft.
Pumps, Compressors & Equipment, BLS #1141
Building Bricks, BLS #1341
Concrete Block, BLS #1331
Metal Pipe,BLS #114901
BLS = U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
ENR = Engineerirng News Record
Housing - from construction cost estimated guides
A-17
-------
EXHIBIT I3-1B
1967 VALUES OF INDICES
INDEX
General Purpose Machinery (BLS #114)
Concrete {BLS #132)
Steel (BLS #1013)
Skilled Labor (ENR, Kansas)
Metal Pipe (BLS #114901)
Housing (Cost $/sq.ft.)
Plastics (BLS #0721)
Clay Pipe (BLS #1345)
Trucks (BLS #141102)
Hose (BLS #07130479.08)
Electrical (BLS #117)
Pumps, Compressors and Equipment (BLS #1141)
Building Brick (BLS #1341)
Concrete Brick (BLS #1331)
1967 VALUE
100*
100*
100*
100*
100*
22.80**
81.5+
100*
100*
100*
100*
100*
100*
100*
* Base year was 1967.
**Based on $60.60 sq.ft. cost 1/81 and CPI home purchase index = 266.2
+ Plastics index started in 1970. Value is extrapolated back using rubber
(07) general index.
A-18
-------
EXHIBIT 14-1
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PUMPING - RAW WASTEWATER
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
353
106
..,.....18,.
1.0
707
212
......35..
10
5803
1741
290...
100
48917
14675
. 2446
REMARKS
TDK = 100 feet
TDK - 30 feet
TDH = 5 feet
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Eest ' Etyp X TOH/3ฐ
Note: For illustrations, see Figures 14-1 to 14-5.
A-19
-------
EXHIBIT 14-2
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - SCREENS
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW ....
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
*
*
... ;. *
1.0
*
*
.. . *
10
*
*
*
100
*
*
*
REMARKS
:' --.- ' '' - -';' --
Parameter Adjustment Equation: None of Significance
* Energy usage less than .34 X 10 Btu's per year, design
variables not identified
Note: For illustrations, see Figures 14-1 to 14-5.
A-20
-------
EXHIBIT 14-3
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - COMMINUTORS
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
**
13
'.**
1.0
**
16
**
10
**
28
**
100
ป*
***
**
REMARKS
No adjustment para-
meters identified
Parameter Adjustment Equation: None of significance
***Not provided
Note: For illustrations, see Figures 14-1 to 14-5.
A-21
-------
EXHIBIT 14-4
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - GRIT REMOVAL (AERATED)
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
64
51
13
1.0
76
61
15
10
209
. 167
42
100
1036
829
207
REMARKS
Detention time *
5 min.
Detention time
4 min.
Detention time =
1 min.
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E ^ = E_ X DT/4
est typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figures 14-1 to 14-5.
A-22
-------
EXHIBIT 14-5
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PRELIMINARY TREATMENT - GRIT. REMOVAL (NONAERATED)
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
*
*
' *
1.0
2.3
1.8
0.45
10
3.9
3.1
0.8
100
7.0
5.4
1.4
REMARKS
Detention Time ซ 5 min
Detention Time * 4 min
Detention Time = 1 min
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
* Operating energy less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
Note: For illustrations, see Figures 14-1 to 14-5.
A-23
-------
FIGURE 14-1 TO 14-5 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
1
\
RAW
WASTE-
WATER
PUMPS
2 1 3 \ '
' i ::
, \ , ;
1
INFLUENT
'l
e-
i
i
I_^ -^.
r^
BAR | _ _/
" | SCREENS . COMMTNUTOR r FARSHALL*
| V FLUME
1 ^ x
1
LARGE DEBRIS J
AND SOLIDS 1
I ';
4&5
BLOWER(S)
1
GRIT
CHAMBER
TO
TREATMEN1
GRIT
*Included for informational purposes only
Energy not included in Exhibit Energy
-------
EXHIBIT 14-6
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ACTIVATED SLUDGE - DIFFUSED AIR, FINE BUBBLE
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
525
375
350
1.0
1051
751
701
10
10514
7510
7010
100
105140
75100
70093
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency -
1.0 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency -
1.4 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
;...., 1.5. Ib/hp-hr ..,.,....
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-6.
A-25
-------
FIGURE T4-6 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, DIFFUSED AERATION
DIFFUSED
JOB
LOfSRS
PRIMARY
RKroiuft
SLUOGB
1
MtRKTIOM
BASIM(S)
SLDDd FROM FTHM.
SLODGB
Included for infonntlonal purposes only
Energy not included in Exhibit 14-6
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-7
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ACTIVATED SLUDGE DIFUSED AIR, COARSE BUBBLE
REF
HIGH
TYP
MIN
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
427
341
284
1.0
853
683
569
10
8533
6826
5688
100
85325
68260
56883
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency -
0.8 Ib/hp.hr.
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency ป
0.8 Ib/hp.hr.
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
1.2 Ib/hp.hr.
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E = E X 1.0/OTE
est typ
NOTE: For illustration, see Figure 14-6.
A-27
-------
EXHIBIT 14-8
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ACTIVATED SLUDGE - MECHANICAL AERATION
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
1097
1024
853
1.0
2194
2048
1707
10
21209
19795
16496
100
197466
184302
153585
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency -
1;4 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency ซ
1.5 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
1.8 Ib/hp-hr
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
est
EtyP X
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-7.
A-28
-------
FIGURE 14-7 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, MECHANICAL AERATION
HECHAHICAL
SURFACE
AERATOR (6)
u =
PRIMARY
BTFUKRT
^ AKRATIOH ^ FI1
> 1 BASn(S) CLMU
A, T
vO
KKTORH
SLUUG8
.
ttL*
tnn
8LOIXZ
Included for tnfomitianal purposes only
Energy not included In Exhibit 14-8
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-9
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YER
ACTIVATED SLUDGE - SUBMERGED TURBINE
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
325
284
252
1.0
635
556
494
10
6170
5399
4799
100
58310
51021
45351
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency ซ
1.4 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency ป
1.6 Ib/hp-hr
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
1.8 Ib/lip-hr
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E
est
E X 1.6/OTE
typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-8.
A-30
-------
FIGURE 14-8 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, SUBMERGED TURBINE
DlfFQSBD
JUft
PROMT
8LODQR
1
TUHBIMI
HtXKR
KoaanoH
BJVSDI(S)
FTHM.
CLMtmnis
SLODGB r*GM P1HML CIMIRBR
Included for informational purpose* only
Bnergy not included In bhibit I4-J
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-10
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ACTIVATED SLUDGE - PURE OXYGEN
REF
HIGH
TYP/MIN
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
746
362
1.0
1344
655
10
11010
5362
100
98652
48045
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency ซ
1.5 Ib/hp-hr
Generation Factor,
GF - 1.4 for PSA
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency -
2.2 Ib/hp-hr
Generation Factor,
GF ซ 1.0 for
Cryogenic
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
est
_
typ
X 2.2/OTE X GF
GF = 1.0 for Cryogenic Process
GF = 1.4 for Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Process
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-9.
A-32
-------
AIR
FIGURE 14-9 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, PURE OXYGEN
l*>
CO
OXYGEN
GENERATOR
LIQUID
OXYGEN
STORAGE
TANK
-IX}
T
PRIMARY EFFLUENT
OR
INFLUENT RAW
WASTEWATER
RETURN
SLUDGE
1
VAPORIZER
,-
ROTATING
OXYGEN
DIFFUSERS
MIXED LIQUOR
TO CLARIFIER
-------
EXHIBIT 14-11
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
CHEMICAL ADDITION - ALUM
REF WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5 1.0 10 100
HIGH
Feeder
Mixer
Floculator
Alum
Total
TYP
Feeder
Fixer
Floculator
Alum ' '"% : '*""" '
Total
LOW
Feeder
Fixer
Floculator
Alum
Total
55
11
22
. 305
393
41
8
16
229
294
5
4
4
30
43
68
24
44
592
728
51
16
32
!444 ::"
543
7
8
8
59
82
278
235
441
5916.
6870
208
157
321
4437 :
5123
28
78
80
592
778
REMARKS
514
2355
4411
59159 .
66439
386
1570
3208
44369
49533
51
. 785
802
5916
7554
Dose ซ 200
RPSL - 900
RPS2 - 110
Dose = 150
RPSL = 600
RPS2 - 80
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Feeder
Mixer
Floculator
Alum
E = E X Dose/150
Eest = Etyp X ^1/600
E = E *F X RPS2/80
Eest = typ Dose/150
est typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-10.
A-34
-------
FIGURE 14-10 CHEMICAL ADDITION, ALUM
LIQUID
m.m
8TOMGB
POMPS
AND HH
BASHI(S)
FIDCCDLHTKNI
fO
-------
EXHIBIT 14-12
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
CHEMICAL ADDITION - LIME
REF
HIGH
Feeder
Mixer
Floculator
Lime
Total
TYP
Feeder
Mixer
Floculator
Lime
Total -
Feeder
Mixer
Floculator
Lime
Total
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
123
12
22
1820
1977
92
8
16
1365
1481
.77 -
4
4
1138
1223
1.0
132
24
43
3641
3840
99
16
31
2730
2876
82
8
8
2275
2373
10
337
235
427
36405
37404
253
157
311
27304
28025
210
78
78
22753
23119
100
1283
2355
4271
364053
371962
962
1570
3106
273040
278678
802
785
776
227533
229896
REMARKS
Dose - 400 mg/L
RPSL - 900 sec-1
RPS2 - 110 sec-1
Dose ป 300 mg/L
RPSL ซ 600 sec-1
RPS2 80 sec-1
Dose ซ 250 mg/L
RPSL - 300 sec-1
RPS2 - 20 sec-1
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Feeder E
Mixer
Floculator
Lime
est
5 ^
E x Dose/300
" yP x RPSL/600
x RPS2/80
x Dose/300
est typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-11.
A-36
-------
FIGURE 14-11 CHEMICAL ADDITION, LINE
BULK
LIME
STORAGE
LIME
SLAKERS
FEED
PUMPS
r
INFLUENT
RAPID MIX
BASIN (S)
FLOCCULATION
BASIN(S)
TO
SEDIMENTATION
BASIN(S)
-------
EXHIBIT 14-13
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
CLARIFIERS, ROUND OR SQUARE
REF
HIGH/
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
14
8
1.0
31
19
10
321
193
100
3210
1926
REMARKS
Overflow rate ป
600 gpd/sq-ft
Overflow rate ป
1000 gpd/sq-ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
NOTE: In this case the typical unit was run at maximum rate,
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-12.
A-38
-------
FIGURE 14-12
CLAR1FIERS
ROUND OR SQUARE
INFLUENT '
WASTEWATER
OVERFLOW
SLUDGE W1THDRAWL
A-39
-------
EXHIBIT 14-14
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
LAGOONS - AERATED
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
929
478
266
1.0
1793
922
512
10
17928
9220
5122
100
179278
92200
51222
REMARKS
Connected Horsepower ซ
70 Hp/Mg
Connected Horsepower ซ
36 Hp/Mg
Connected Horsepower =
20 Hp/Mg
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E ^ = E^ X HP/36
est typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-3,
A-40
-------
FIGVRE 14-13 LAGOONS, AERATED
D1PFU&BU AIM Bl
>
miMuar
i
JUDMnOH
UOOON
-------
EXHIBIT 14-15
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
REF
HIGH/
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
887
354
1.0
1775
710
10
17406
6962
100
170650
68260
REMARKS
Hydraulic Loading
Rate * 1.0 gpd/sq-ft
Hydraulic Loading
Rate ซ 2.5 gpd/sq-ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-14.
A-42
-------
FIGURE 14-14 ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
DRIVB
PRDARY
4>
U)
1O BCONDMOf
CLMtmn
NOTE: This is a three train, three
stage system.
-------
EXHIBIT 14-16
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
TRICKLING FILTERS - LOW RATE
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
*
*
*
: '
1.0
*
*
*
10
*
*
*
100
*
- *
*
REMARKS
'-.'-.. ' - '
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
No significant Adjustments
6
* Operating energy less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-15.
A-44
-------
FIGURE 14-15 TRICKLING FILTER, LOW RATE, ROCK MEDIA
RAW
WASTEWATER.
Ln
PRIMARY*
CLARIFIER
RAW SLUDGE
Oi
r
PUMPS
LOW RATE
ROCK MEDIA
TRICKLING FILTER
CLE
S
1
1
1
1
FINAL*
CLARIFIF.R
1
WASTE
SLUDGE
1
1
1
1
_ j
i EFFLUENT
1 '
1
1
1
1
1
1
*Included for informational purposes only -
Energy not included in Exhibit 14-16
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-17
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
TRICKLING FILTERS - HIGH RATE ROCK MEDIA
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
'. ." '- ' '- '
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
183
147
73
.* ._. . - -
1.0
325
259
130
10
2649
2119
1060
100
25013
20010
10005
REMARKS
Recycle Ratio - 3
TDH - 10 ft.
Recycle Ratio - 3
TDH ซ 8 ft.
Recycle Ratio = 1
TDH - 8 ft.
' ... - .
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
X E X (R + l)/4 X TDH/8
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-16.
A-A 6
-------
FIGURE 14-16 TRICKLING FILTER, HIGH RATE, ROCK MEDIA
PUMP STATION
RAW
WASTEWATEq ^
I
PRIMARY*
CLARIFIER
RAW
V.
+
SLUDGE
RECIRCULAT10H .
ป
HIGH RATE
ROCK MEDIA
TRICKLING FILTER
1
1
1
1
1
_ FINAL* EFFlf ENT ^
^ CLARIFIER i *"
1
1 '
1
1 1
ป 1
WASTE 1
l~ IpUMP SLUDGE !
1
STATION '
I I
RECIRCULATION
*Included for informational purposes only -
Energy not included in Exhibit 14-17
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-18
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
TRICKLING FILTERS - HIGH RATE (PLASTIC MEDIA)
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
1529
546
109
1.0
2582
922
184
10
20496
7320
1464
100
193760
69200
13840
REMARKS
Recycle Ratio ป 6
TDK - 40 ft
Recycle Ratio = 3
TDH - 25 ft
Recycle Ratio = 1
TDH = 10 ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
est
E. X (R+D/4 X TDH/25
typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-17.
A-48
-------
FIGURE 14-17 TRICKLING FILTER, HIGH RATE, PLASTIC MEDIA
RAW
WASTEWATER
PRIMARY*
CLARIFIER
i
i
RAW SLUDGE
RECYCLE PUMPS
RECIRCULATION
^
iHIGH RATE
r-
TRICKLING FILTER
1
: 1
1
1
^ FFFIillpNT ซ
CLARIFIER |
1
1 1
WASTE 1
1 RECYCLE PUMPS SLUDGE i
j RECIRCULATION
^Included for informational purposes only -
Energy not included in Exhibit 14-18
"See Exhibit 14-13"
-------
EXHIBIT 14-19
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
TRICKLING FILTERS SUPER HIGH RATE (PLASTIC MEDIA)
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
1721
461
61
1.0
3031
812
108
10
4125
6630
884
100
300000
62500
8333
REMARKS
Recycle Ratio ป 6
TDK = 40 ft
Recycle Ratio = 2
TDH ป 25 ft
Recycle Ratio = 1
TDH = 10 ft
Parameter Adjustment. Equation: .
E = E_ X (R+D/3 X TDH/25
est typ
Note: For illustration, see Figure 14-17.
A-50
-------
EXHIBIT 14-20
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PUMPING - IN PLANT
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
464
116
23
1.0
708
177
35
10
4084
1021
204
100
33340
8335
1667
REMARKS
TDH = 100 ft
TDK - 25 ft
TDH = 5 ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E _ = E_ X TDH/25
est typ
A-51
-------
EXHIBIT 14-21
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
BIOLOGICAL'NITRIFICATION - TRICKLING FILTER
REF
HIGH
Recycle Pump
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
TYP
Recycle Pump
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
LOW- - ..--- .-.w. :
Recycle Pump
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
WASTEWA:
0.5
683
41
956
1679
512
41
956
1509
64
41
956
1061
!ER FLOW
1.0
1092
58
2048
3198
819
56
2048
2925
102
58
2048
2208
RATE (MC
10
8191
321
20478
26942
6143
321
20478
26942
768
321
20478
21567
JD)
100
54608
3208
204780
248944
40956
3208
204780
248944
5120
3208
204780
213108
REMARKS
Recycle Ratio ป 3
TDK - 40 ft.
Dose - 128 mg/1
Recycle Ratio = 2
TDH - 40 ft.
Dose 128 mg/1
Recycle Ratio ป 0.5
TDH - 40 ft.
Dose = 128 mg/1
Parameter Adjustment Equations:
Recycle Ratio
Recycle Pump
NaOH Feeder and NaOH
(R+D/13
N/A
TDH
TDH/40
N/A
Dose
N/A
Dose/128
Note- For illustrations, see Figure 14-18.
A-52
-------
FIGURE 14-18 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION, TRICKLING FILTER
RECYCLE
NaOH
STORAGE
UMPS
CO
INFLUENT
PLASTIC MEDIA
TRICKLING FILTER
NITRIFIED
EFFLUENT
-------
EXHIBIT 14-22
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION - RBC'S
REF
HIGH
RBC'S
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
TYP
RBC's
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
LOW /; . ;., .;-.
RBC's
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
WASTEWA'
0.5
691
31
546
1268
314
31
546
891
69
31
546
646
'ER FLOW
1.0
1352
44
1126
2522
614
44
1126
1784
135
44
1126
1305
RATE (MC
10
13515
198
11263
24976
6143
198
11263
17604
1352
198
11263
12913
;D)
100
135155
1741
112629
249525
61434
1741
112629
175804
13515
1741
112629
127885
REMARKS
Hydraulic Loading Rate =
0.5 gpd/Sq.ft.
Dose =72 mg/1
Hydraulic Loading Rate =
1.1 gpd/Sq.ft.
Dose =72 mg/1
Hydraulic Loading Rate =
5 gpd/Sq.ft.
Dose =72 mg/1
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
RBC's
NaOH Feeder and NaOH
HYDRAULIC LOADING RATE
1.1/HLR
N/A
DOSE
N/A
72
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-19.
A-54
-------
FIGURE 14-19 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION, RBC's
Ul
BIOLOGICAL
CORTACMB
-------
EXHIBIT 14-23
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION - SUSPENDED GROWTH
REF
HIGH
Aeration System
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
TYP
Aeration System
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
..-.
...... ..
Total
LOW
Aeration System
NaOH Feeder
NaOH
Total
WASTEWA'
0.5
366
44
1058
1468
341
44
1058
1445
284
44
1058
1386
'ER FLOW
1.0
731
58
2048
2837
683
58
2048
2789
569
58
2048
2675
RATE (MC
10
6582
321
20478
27381
6143
321
20478
26942
5120
321
20478
25919
;D)
100
65822
3208
204780
273810
61434
3208
204780
. .
269422
51195
3208
204780
259183
REMARKS
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =1.4
Ib/hp.hr.
. Oxygen Requirement =
1300 Ibs/MG
Dose = 136 mg/1
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =1.5
Ib/hp.hr.
Oxygen Requirement =
1300 Ibs/MG. ,
Dose 136 mg/1
.
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency = 1.8
Ib/hp.hr.
Oxygen Requirement =
1300 Ibs/MG
Dose = 136 mg/1
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Oxygen Transfer
Aeration
System
NaOH Feeder
and NaOH
Efficiency
1.5/OTE
Oxygen
Requirement
OR/1300
N/A N/A
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-20.
Dose
N/A
Dose/136
-------
FIGURE 14-20 BIOLOGICAL NITRIFICATION, SUSPENDED GROWTH
NaOH
STORAGE
RECYCLE
=r
in
-j
< ' 1 r
INFLUENT
AERATION
TANK
LJLJ
MECHANICAL
AERATORS
NITRIFIED
EFFLUENT
-------
EXHIBIT 14-24
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
DIGESTION - AEROBIC
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
: -... -. -..'., .'.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
292
147
63
-,.-.-., -V -..s.
1.0
562
283
121
10
5397
:2720
1166
. .^ .. -.-.
100
51984
26200
11229
.-.v.--. . :''-.
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG and
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
. 9 Ib/hp-hr ..,
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG and
Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency =
1.5 Ib/hp-hr
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG and
Oxygen Transfer
. Efficiency =ป
1.5 Ib/hp-hr
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E
est
E X SQ/2100 X 1.5/OTE
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-21.
A-58
-------
FIGURE 14-21 DIGESTION, AEROBIC
EXCESS ACTIVATED
OR
TRICKLING FILTER
SLUDGE
vO
1
PRIMARY
SLUDGE
DIGESTOR
TANK(S)
MECHANICAL
AERATORS
"DIGESTED SLUDGE TO DEWATERING
OR DISPOSAL"
^Included for Informational purposes only
Energy not included in Exhibit 14-24
-------
EXHIBIT 14-25
OPERATING ENERGY*
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
DIGESTION - ANAEROBIC
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
;.-..; -=:;.' iv--;.
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
1999
554
180
:;;. :. -.-; -.'..-. ;
1.0
3817
1058
344
:'.;.. ._
10
38171
10581
3435
" -.' -'-. ',
100
381713
' :
105811
34354
".-..: .'.:
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ib/MG
Connected HP ป
1 HP/1000 cu-ft
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ib/MG
Connected HP =
.33 HP/1000 cu-ft
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ib/MG
-.- Connected HP,ป , :,.-
.25 HP/1000 cu-ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Eest = Etyp X so-/2100 x HP/. 33
*Values presented in this table do not reflect credits for energy
recovery from digester gas. Digester gas can be used for
heating or to power large pumps and turbines, saving as much as
80 to 90 percent of energy requirements set forth in this table.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-22.
A-60
-------
FIGURE 14-22 DIGESTION, ANEROBIC
MD
DIDXIDB
r
8LODGB
BARR(S)
-------
EXHIBIT 14-26
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
MIXED MEDIA
FILTRATION
REF
HIGH/
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
142
*
1.0
170
*
10
478
*
100
4092
*
REMARKS
TDH = 10 feet
TDK = 0 feet
Parameter Adjustment' Equation:
^
est
_
typ
X TDH/10
* Operating Energy less than 0.34 X 10 Btu/year
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-23.
A-62
-------
FIGURE 14-23 FILTRATION
1
i
SURFJICK
ASB JETS
OGUMSB MEDIA
PIRER MEDIA
WUieSt MEDIA'
ORDEFDRKn blSTKN
8TOMGR
-------
EXHIBIT 14-27
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
MICROSTRAINING
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
134
120
80
1.0
240
215
144
10
1518
1360
911
100
8003
7167
4802
REMARKS
Loading Rate:
6 Gpm/Sq ft
Loading Rate:
6.7 Gpm/Sq ft
Loading Rate:
10 Gpm/Sq ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Eest = Etyp X 6
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-24,
A-64
-------
FIGURE 14-24 MICROSTRAINING
INFLUENT
MICROSTRAINER
BACKWASH
SPRAY JETS
EFFLUEN
-------
EXHIBIT 14-28
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE THICKENING-DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
- ' ' '
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
.
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
37372
2242
1794
100
244598
14676
11741
REMARKS
Solids Quantity =
2500 Ib/MG
Loading Rate =
60 Ib/Sq ft-day
Solids Quantity =
900 Ib/MG
Loading Rate =
10 Ib/Sq ft-day
Solids Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Loading Rate =
8 Ibs/Sq ftrday .-.- .
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
est
t
X SQ/900 X 10/LR
(1) Not usually found in this size Plant.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-25.
A-66
-------
FIGURE 14-25 DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
SLUDGE REMOVAL
SKIMMERS
THICKENED
WASTE SLUDGE DISCHARGE
WASTE SLUDGE
DISCHARGE
AIR
SATURATION
TANK
VNK
I
PRESSURIZING
PUMP
EFFLUENT
(RETURN TO HEAD OF
PLANT)
COMPRESSORS
-------
EXHIBIT 14-29
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING - BASKET CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
LOW
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA'
0.5
396
69
2
467
222
58
2
282
36
0
0
36
?ER FLOW
1.0
457
69
4
530
256
58
3
318
41
0
0
41
RATE (MC
10
1524
69
41
1634
853
58
34
" 945
137
0
0
137
SD)
100
15237
203
406
15846
8533
171
341
9045
1371
0
0
1371
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
3% -.. '':
Dose * 6 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
3%
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
8%
Dose = 0 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity Sludge Concentration Dose
Centrifuge SQ/2100 3/SC N/A
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer SQ/2100 N/A
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-26.
Dose/6
A-68
-------
FIGURE 14-26 SLUDGE DEWATERING, CENTRIFUGE
POLDER
BTORAQB
AND FEED
vO
8LUUG8
CENT
1
FILTRAW
DUMB
-------
EXHIBIT 14-30
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING - LOW G. SOLID BOWL CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer . . .
. ..,..;... .^".y^.,..... ....;,-..
Total '"'
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA:
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
..-.. -.--.
0
(1)
0
0
0
:ER FLOW
1.0
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
(i)
b
(i)
0
0
0
RATE (MC
10
792
83
83
; "' '
958
444
58
58
560
71
7
7
85
;D)
100
7314
414
829
8557
4096
290
580
4966
658
36
71
765
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
2% ... ..
Dose - 12 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
3%
. Dose. =.-10 Ibs/ton ... .
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
8%
Dose = 8 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity Sludge Concentration Dose
Centrifuge SQ/2100 3/SC N/A
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer
SQ/2100
N/A
Dose/10
Note: For Illustration see Figure 14-26.
A-70
-------
EXHIBIT 14-31
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING - HIGH G. SOLID BOWL CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWAr
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
'ER FLOW
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
...; (1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-' (1)
(1)
(1)
0
RATE (MC
10
1341
83
83
1507
751
58
58
867
- 121
7
7
135
SD)
100
13408
414
829
14651
7509
290
580
- 8379
. 1207
36
71
1314
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
3% ... -,-.
Dose = 6 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
3%
Dose =. 6 Ibs/ton . ' ' . . '
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
8%
Dose = 0 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity Sludge Concentration Dose
Centrifuge SQ/2100 3/SC N/A
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer SQ/2100 N/A
(1) Not usually found .in a Plant this size.
Note: For Illustration see Figure 14-26.
Dose/6
A-71
-------
EXHIBIT 14-32
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE THICKENING - BASKET CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer .
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
.*: /ซ.',<>. ;.-.- .- '" !' .-
Total
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA'
0.5
1327
484
; -..'.3
1814
239
- 58
0
297
60
0
0
60
'ER FLOW
1.0
1555
484
3
2042
280
58
0
.- ' '.--
-
338
70
0
0
70
RATE (MC
10
6636
484
28
7148
1195
58
3
.-. -.. ... >...
1256
299
0
0
299
;D)
100
66364
484
398
67246
11946
58
48
' ' *, ..
12052
2986
0
0
2986
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity **
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration 'ป ":
6.5%
Dose * 6 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
.' ' '!%' , ' :' ' ' ;'" : '' ' !.
Dose = 2 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
1%
Dose - 0 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity
SQ/900
SQ/900
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer
Sludge Concentration Dose
1/SC N/A
N/A Dose/2
Note: For Illustration see Figure 14-26.
A-72
-------
EXHIBIT 14-33
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE THICKENING - LOW G. SOLID BOWL CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA'
. 0.5
(1)
(1)
<1>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
"ER FLOW
1.0. .
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
RATE (MC
.10
5688
403
. 71
6162
512
58
10
580
512
29
18
559
5D)
, . 100
56883
403
687
57973
5120
58 .
99
5277
5120
29
50
5199
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge . Concentration = . .
4% ' ' ' ' '
Dose - 10 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
., .1%. . . - . .-
: , -. " -. " - - . . "..--
Dose = 4 Ibs/ton
..... ...,.::
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
1%
Dose = 2 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity Sludge Concentration Dose
SQ/900 1/SC N/A
SQ/900 N/A Dose/4
(1) Not usually found in a plant this size.
Note: For Illustration see Figure 14-26.
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer
A-73
-------
EXHIBIT 14-34
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE THICKENING - HIGH G. SOLID BOWL CENTRIFUGE
REF
HIGH
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
TYP
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
LOW
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA:
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
ER FLOW
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
RATE (MC
10
11377
403
71
11851
1024
58
10
1092
1024
29
5
1058
;D)
100
113767
403
687
114847
10239
58
99
10396
10239
29
50
10318
REMARKS
Sludge Quantity =ป
2500 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
4%
Dose ป 10- Ibs/ton
. . ' . -..-. . -. :... -
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
1%
Dose = 4 Ibs/ton
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Sludge Concentration =
1%
Dose = 2 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Sludge Quantity Sludge Concentration Dose
SQ/900 SC/1 N/A
SQ/900 N/A Dose/4
(1).Not usually found in a plant this size.
Note: For Illustration see Figure 14-26.
Centrifuge
Polymer Feeder
and Polymer
A-74
-------
EXHIBIT 14-35
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
DRYING BEDS
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
*
*
*
1.0
*
*
*
10
*
*
*
100
*
*
*
REMARKS
Solids Concentration =
8%
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ib/MG
Solids Concentration =
8%
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ib/MG
Solids Concentration =
1%.
Sludge Quantity =
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E X 8/SC X SQ/2100
* Energy use less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
A-7 5
-------
EXHIBIT 14-36
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING, BELT FILTER PRESS
REF
HIGH
Press
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
'
Total
TYP
Press
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
, = ..: Total, r_,:/. ..,-...-...
LOW
Press
Polymer Feeder
Polymer
Total
WASTEWA1:
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
, ..,-ฐ--.-.
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
'ER FLOW
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
.,. .,..-o,,
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
RATE (MC
10
894
130
99
1123
375
58
44
477
80
28
21
129
;D)
100
4713
518
990
6221
1980
232
444
2656,
424
111
212
747
REMARKS
Solids Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Solids Concentration -
2*
Dose ป 15 Ibs/ton
Solids Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Solids Concentration =
4%
Dose = 8 Ibs/ton
,; V --.. ",. .,- .,v . ". ' ... . ." . .
Solids Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Solids Concentration =
8%
Dose = 4 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equations:
Solids Quantity Solids Concentration
Press
Polymer Feeder
Pointer
SQ/2100
SQ/2100
SQ/2100
4/SC
N/A
N/A
Dose
N/A
Dose/8
Dose/8
(1) Not usually found in a plant this size.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-27.
-------
FIGURE 14-27 SLUDGE DEWATERING, BELT FILTER PRESS
FOLDBft
STORMS
AND FEED
COMDRIOnHG
van.
BEL*
PILTKK
8LUUGB
DRAH
-------
EXHIBIT 14-37
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING, DIAPHRAGM FILTER PRESS
REF
HIGH
Press
Lime Feeder
Lime
Fed. Feeder
FeCl,
3
Total
TYP
Press
Lime Feeder
Lime
-Fecr.^efcdter* ''-
FeCl,
3 - - -
Total
LOW
Press
Lime Feeder
Lime
FeCl, Feeder
FeCl 3
Total
WASTEWA'
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
' (1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
'ER FLOW
1.0
(1)
(1)
.(1) .
(1)
..u>
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1),
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
RATE (MC
10
4713
30
8126
21
163
13053
1980
15
4096
-.:-. 11-
82
6183
509
4
1073
3
23
1612
;D)
100
22753
52
81262
24
1625
105715
9556
26
40956
-.-, .'-1-2--
819
51369
2457
7
10727
3
234
13428
REMARKS
Solid Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
. Loading Rate = ; ..
2.0 Ib/Sq ft-hr
Lime Dose = 600 Ibs/ton
FeCl, Dose = 200 Ibs/ton
Solid Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Loading Rate =
- . l.-O.. Ib/Sq ft-hr , , : ......
FeCl Dose = 120 Ibs/ton
Solid Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Loading Rate =
0.6 Ib/Sq ft-hr
FeCl_ Dose = 80 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Solid Quantity
SQ/2100
SQ/2100
Press
Lime and Lime
Feed System
FeCl and
Feed System SQ/2100
(1) Not usually found in plant this size.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-28.
Loading Rate
1/LR
N/A
N/A
Dose
N/A
Dose/360
Dose/120
A-78
-------
FIGURE 14-28 SLUDOE DEWATERING, DIAPHRAGM FILTER PRESS
um
STORAGB
AND FEED
>
-J
DIAPHRAGM
PKBSSDRISIHO
raw
CGRDITIOKmQ
AHI
8LDDGB
I
PILTEK
FKRftIC
CHLORIDB
STORAGE
8LOD6B
OUCBS
DBMB
-------
EXHIBIT 14-38
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
GRAVITY THICKENING
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
... -.-,-.-.?. --/
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
6
3
*
.'"""" '. . ''':' ' ' ,
1.0
14
7
1
-- . - : t : ,
10
62
31
2
100
339
171
12
'-.' '. '' .!.:'".
REMARKS
Loading Rate =
6 Ib/sq-ft/day
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Loading Rate =
10 Ib/sq- ft/day
Sludge Quantity =
2100 Ibs/MG
Loading Rate =
60 Ib/sq-ft/day
: Sludge Quantity "ป
900 Ibs/MG
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Eest = Etyp X 10/LR X S2/2100
* Operating energy less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
A-80
-------
EXHIBIT 14-39
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE DEWATERING, VACUUM FILTRATION
REF
HIGH
Filter
Lime Feeder
Lime
FeCL Feeder
FeCL3
Total
TYP
Filter
Lime Feeder
Lime
FeCL Feeder
FeCL3 . . . .
'" ' * ' ' .
Total ....
LOW
Filter
Lime Feeder
Lime
FeCL Feeder
FeCL3
Total
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
'(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
11250
76
14627
61
164
26178
945
48
9215
34
92
- ,
10334
162
14
2633
7
20
2836
100
87476
135
146270
73
1646
235600
7348
85
92151
41
922
- "" ' '
100547
1260
24
26329
9
198
27820
REMARKS
0.4 Ib/sq-ft/hr
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Lime Dose =320 Ibs/to
FeCl3 Dose = 120 Ibs/t
Loading Rate =
0.4 Ib/sq-ft/hr
Sludge Quantity =
2500 Ibs/MG
Lime Dose = 320 Ibs/ton
FeCL. Dose ซ 1201bs/ton
Loading Rate =
10 Ib/sq-ft/hr
Sludge Quantity =
900 Ibs/MG
Lime Dose = 160 Ibs/ton
FeCL, Dose = 40 Ibs/ton
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Solids Quantity
Press SQ/2100
Lime and
Lime Feeder SQ/2100
FeCL. and Fed, SQ/2100
Loading Rate
4/LR
N/A
N/A
Dose
N/A
Dose/240
Dose/80
Feeder
NOTE: (1) Not usually found in a plant this size.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-29.
A-81
-------
FIGURE 14-29 SLUDGE DEWATERING, VACUUM FILTRATION
AIR TO ATMOSPHERE
00
RAW
SLUDGE
LIME
JL
SLUDGE
CONDITIONING
CONDITIONED
SLUDGE
I
FERRIC
WATER-
AIR
SEPARATOR
t
VACUUM
PUMP
FILTRATE
TO PRIMARY
DEUATERED
SLUDGE
CAKES
-------
EXHIBIT 14-40
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE INCINERATION - MULTIPLE HEARTH
REP
HIGH/
TYP
MIN**
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
892
-595
1.0
1640
-1093
10
14290
-9527
100
127560
-85040
REMARKS
Solids Concen-
tration = 15%
Solids Concen-
tration ซ 40%
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
* Process run at maximum energy. ' . . ... .
** Note: Negative operating energy is energy production.
If heat recovery is available, incineration of sludge
produces energy when solids concentration is greater than 30%.
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-30.
A-83
-------
FIGURE 14-30 SLUDGE INCINERATION
MULTIPLE HEARTH FURNACE
COOUHG AIR
8LUUQI
00
OOOLDIG AH
HDU1PLB
OOOL06
AERATOR
OKL
tasaaxm
BCMJBBEK
DRAW
+ป
-------
EXHIBIT 14-41
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
PUMPING - SLUDGE
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
*
*
*
1.0
. *
. . ' *
*
10
18
3
2
'' ..!' >-'', ' '
100
125
20
13
REMARKS
TDK - 50 ft
TDK = 8 ft
TDH = 5 ft
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E ^ = E_ X TDH/8
est typ
* Operating energy is less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
A-85
-------
EXHIBIT 14-42
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON REGENERATION
REF
HIGH
Pumping
Makeup Carbon
Regeneration
Total
TYP
Pumping
Makeup Carbon
Regeneration
Total
LOW
. ..Pumpijjg. . . .... . .-. .. .... .
Makeup Carbon
Regeneration
Total
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
355
362
4352
5069
311
181
580
1072
89 ...
181
290
560
1.0
355
751
8959
10065
311
375
1195
1881
, 89 ....'
375 '
' 597
1061
10
2613
7509
58874
68996
2287
3745
7850
13891
:,:A53.,,,
3754
3925
8332
100
26134
75086
435158
536378 .
22867
37543
58021
118431
6533 ;
6791116
16832182
23629831
REMARKS
TDK ซ 40ft.
% Loss = 10
COD = 150mg/L
TDK - 35ft.
% Loss = 5
COD = 20 mg/L
..TDK. ซ 10ft. :.
% Loss 5 '' '.
COD = id mg/L
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
X TDH/35
Pumping E
Makeup Carbon E
Regeneration
est
Etvp X % LฐSS/5
E ye. X COD/20
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-31.
A-86
-------
FIGURE 14-31 ACTIVATED CARBON
00
JXPLOBIT
ACTIVATED
CMBON
OOLOMI
M&IM
-------
EXHIBIT 14-43
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
CHLORINATION
REF
HIGH
Feeder
Chlorine
Total
TYP
Feeder
Chlorine
Total
LOW
Feeder
Chlorine
'To'tai'"" '-"""'' ""' "
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
1
0.5
85
512
597
17
102
119
9
52
"" si ';'
1
1.0
154
1041
1195
31
208
239
15
104
119 "
1
10
1536
10410
11946
307
2082
2389
154
1041
1195
1
100
14505
104097
118602
2901
20819
23720
1451
10410
" 11861
REMARKS
Dose =50 mg/L
Dose =10 mg/L
Dose = 5 mg/L
':. '.- v. --; ':. -.; .'--
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
est
_
typ
X Dos/10
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-32.
A-88
-------
FIGURE 14-32 CHLORINATION
CHLOMHB
STORMS
TRTUJBtt
CBLORIHK
00
vO
CHLORIHATOtt
FEBD
BASH
-------
EXHIBIT 14-44
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
LAND TREATMENT - SLOW RATE IRRIGATION
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
507
444
*
1.0
1054
922
*
10
10000
, . 8750
*
100
97514
85325
*
REMARKS
TDH - 200 feet
TDK - 175 feet
TDH = 0 feet
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E t = E_ X TDH/175
est typ
* Operating energy less than .34 X 10 Btu's per year
A-90
-------
EXHIBIT 14-45
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION
REF
HIGH
Chlorine Feeder
Mix System
NaOH Feeder
Chlorine
NaOH
Total
TYP
Chlorine Feeder
Mix System
NaOH Feeder
Chlorine
.--..vN.ajCJH.-./;.,..^^;,, r..,.,,. '. .-.
Total
LOW
Chlorine Feeder
Mix System
NaOH Feeder
Chlorine
NaOH
Total
WASTEWA1:
0.5
218
35
22
.. 1399
174
1849
218
18
22
1399
.;,::174/.
1831
218
9
22
1399
174
1823
ER FLOW
1.0
444
68
27
.2730
341
3611
444
34
27
2730
.,:..-> 241- '
3576
444
17
27
2730
341
3559
RATE (MC
10
4096
683
89
27340
3413
35584
4096
341
89
27304
.- -3413
35243
4096
171
89
27304
3413
35073
5D)
100
34130
6826
444
273040
34130
348570
34130
3413
444
273040
... ,34130
345157
3140
1707
444
273040
34130
312461
REMARKS
Chlorine Dose = 135 mg/1
NaOh Dose = 22.5 mg/1
Detention Time = 2 min.
Chlorine Dose = 135 mg/1
NaOH Dose =22.5 mg/1
Detention Time = 1 mini
..;.-.-. '.-: :;.,:---v-.V.. .- ;..V-- ,_-.. . '-S. ....
"'*'*"..'* ' '
Chlorine Dose = 135 mg.l
NaOH Dose =22.5 mg/1
Detention Time = 0.5 min.
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Dose Detention Time
Dose/135
Chlorine Feeder
and Chlorirne
Mixing System
NaOH Feeder
and NaOH
N/A
Dose/22.5
N/A
DT/1
N/A
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-33.
A-91
-------
FIGURE 14-33 BREAKPOINT CHLORINATION
CHLOMBB
ADDITION
vO
NJ
MlllNG
CMBTIC80W
ADDITION
-------
EXHIBIT 14-46
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SO DECHLORINATION
REF
HIGH
Feed System
Sฐ2
Total
TYP
Feed System
so2
Total
LOW; . ...V(, ... ,.,..;....;.;.
Feed System r "
.-,so2,. ... .-.,..
Total
WASTEWA1:
0.5
61
3
64
25
1
26
- ' 12 "
1
13
?ER FLOW
1.0
67
5
72
27
2
29
"':---' i y"
- . .1
14
RATE (MC
10
350
51
401
140
20
160
... ..;,.yo..
.... -.26
96
;D)
100
1109
512
1621
444
205
649
- ' :"ฃ2:2--"
256,
478
REMARKS
Dose = 5 mg/1
Dose = 2 mg/1
Dose ป 1 mg/1 " -
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E ^ = E_ X Dose/2
est typ
Note: For illustrations, see Figure 14-34.
A-93
-------
FIGURE 14-34 S02DECHLORINATION
TOMB
WO
van
vO
1
SO, GAS
-------
EXHIBIT 14-47
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
OZONATION
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
1399
280
112
1.0
2560
512
205
10
20478
4096
1638
- ..
100
170650
34130
13652
REMARKS
Dose = 25 rag/1
Dose ป 5 mg/1
Dose - 2 mg/1
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
Eest = Etyp X Dose/5
Note: For. illustrations, see Figure 14-35.
A-95
-------
FIGURE 14-35 OZONATION
An CB
I
O
SECGKDMY
OlOHB
-------
EXHIBIT 14-48
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT DISINFECTION
REF
MAX
TYP
MIN
WASTEWA1
0.5
N/A
29
N/A
'ER FLOW
1.0
N/A
58
N/A
RATE (MGD)
10
N/A
580
N/A
100
N/A
5800
N/A
REMARKS
N/A
N/A
N/A
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
N/A
A-97
-------
EXHIBIT 14-49
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
LAND TREATMENT - OVERLAND FLOW
REF
HIGH
TYP
LOW
WASTEWATER FLOW RATE (MGD)
0.5
125
25
...
1 0
220
44
*
10
2220
444
*
100
22185
4437
REMARKS
TDH - 50 feet
TDH - 10 feet
TDH - 0 feet
Parameter Adjustment Equation:
E = Efc X TDH/10
est typ
* Operating energy less than .34 X 10 Btu/year
A-98
-------
EXHIBIT 14-50
OPERATING ENERGY
MILLIONS OF Btu's PER YEAR
SLUDGE TRANSPORT - TRUCK *
Energy Estimation Equation:
E ' = 4000 X FL X 4.5/SC X SQ/2100 X Dist/20
Where:
FL - Plant Flow is MGD
SC '- Solids Concentration,. Percent
SQ - Sludge Quantity, Ib/Mg
Dist - Distance, Miles . .
* This operating energy is too site specific for use of a table.
Use the equation to estimate the operating energy for each
situation.
A-99
-------
EXHIBIT 15-1
INTERPOLATION
Calculate m
1 Higher Flow Rate from Table (X2)
2 Lower Flow Rate from Table (XI)
3 Subtract Line 2 from Line 1 (X)
4 Energy at Higher Flow Rate (Y2)
5 Energy at Lower Flow.Rate .' ^ . (Yl)
6 Subtract Line 5 from Line 4 ( Y)
7 Divide Line 6 by Line 3 (m)
Calculate b ... . ...-. .. - . . ...... -
8 Higher Flow Rate (same as Line 1) (X2)
9 Multiply Line 8 by Line 7 (mX2)
10 Energy at Higher Flow Rate (Y2)
(same as Line 4)
11 Subtract Line 9 from Line 10 (b)
Calculate Y
12 Your Flow Rate (X)
13 Multiply Line 12 by Line 7 (mX)
14 Add Line 13 to Line 11 - Estimated Energy in
Btu's per year
A-300
-------
EXHIBIT II1-1
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ENERGY SURVEY SUMMARY
Facility Na-e and Location:
Deซigซ Capacity (Millions of Gallons of Influent/Dayh
Actual Flo* Durini Survey Period: CD
Pint Full Year Of Operation: ' ' ' "" .''" ' - ' ; " ' '" " " >:- ' - - '-
Britf Plant Systn Description: - ; ; ;
1) Results of Enf^Surwy Proctdurt Nwber1: v Eltetric ttetorii
TUTPi. YEBUY ETCRBY USAGE: "
2) Actual Electrical Energy constoed for last full year of operation (fro* station electrical bills):
TDTPi BIUฃD ELECTRICITY USPSE: __ _ ' ' _
3) Fraction of Electrical Energy used for Motors (KW-hr froซ 1 divided by KIHir fro* 2)
MOTOR FUPCTION: _
4) Remits of Energy Survey Procedure Nwber 2: Heaters and Incinerators
TOTBL YEARLY ECR6Y USAGE: ' _ , _ ซHปr _
5) Additional Enerfy Usage (Describe on a case-by-case btsis; convert units using i HHir ซ 3413 Btu)
YMrlt
_Dec9i__5_af
lrtr ltซ
6) Total HUT Plant Yearly Energy Usage (Add Btu fro- 1, 4, and 5 above):
A-101
-------
EXHIBIT II2-1
Survey Record Chart
Electric Motors
1
Motor number,
function, process
i
0
NJ
Process or Flow Streai
Name Plata
2
Hp
3
Volts
4
Hz
*M i
Readings
5
Volts
6
Amps
' t
..
; :'.-
7
KW
8
Duty
cycle
:
Yearly Electrie Motor Energy: Subtotal
9
KW-hrs
COI7K
col 8x8760
10
Power
factor
11
Comments
KIAMir
-------
EXHIBIT II3-1
Survey Record Chart
Heaters and Incinerators
1
Number, function,
process
i
U)
Process or Flow Streai
2
Type
Readings
3
KW
Gas
(ft3 /mo)
V
5
Oil
(gal/mo)
6
. Steam
Ibm/hr
5
\
7
Duty
cycle
'early heating energy: Subtotal
8
Energy
(Btu/yr)
a
Comments
Btu
-------
APPENDIX A
EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURES
A-104
-------
EXHIBIT A-l
ACQUISITION ENERGY
SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
System Description: Activated Sludge System with Clarifier-10
MGD Flow Rate
Discussion:
Acquisition Energies from Exhibit 12-1 for
10 MGD flow
Activated Sludge.System
Clarifier
Total
Acquisition Energy from
Exhibit 12-1 Btu X 10**6
33,600
17,554
51,154
A-105
-------
EX.-.IBIT fl-ฃ
DE'ftiLEB ACQUISITION ENERGY
WORKSHEET
PROJECT NftME; Red MeAi*. "P'ickVU.j *>
COST ESTIMATE ftDJUSTMENT 1968 BASE UNIT E)ฃRSY . BESSY
ซi,we x IซEX = COST $ieae * VALUES BTU/$ = MILLIONS OF BTU
Manufactured Equipment ?3oo /.o
Concrete aoo / o aoo 1887W 3*
Structural Steel Hoe /.o -See 1313^ 31/
Labor . . . .^_ .^, . . -
Concrete Pipe .'-''- - ---:.- ' .- -.- ;. :_:.--^
Electrical and Instrumentation'- - "' ''' ' ' ..-.
Miscellaneous Iteas ^tco i-o Vtoo 778W 3ft
Rock or Sand Media S3.QQ / o sio* 992W
Unaerdrains ,
Excavation " 75W8
Fabricated Media -
Metal Pipe and Valves _______ 82M8
Housing
76*W
OTHER
Hone Office
Construction Equipaent 1112W
Pu-ps
Canals
Plywood Fons _, 597W
Bricks 314W0
Concrete Blocks 1334W
Cast Iron Pipe 22MW
Clay Pipe 2A87W
TOTAU
A-106
-------
EXHIBIT A-3
OPERATING ENERGY
System Description: Anaerobic Digestion - 5 MGD operating at
0.5 hp connected horsepower
Discussion:
1. Using Exhibit 14-21 obtain .energy values at one and
10 MGD and interpolate to obtain unadjusted answer
of 5291 X 10**6 Btu per year.
2. Adjustment for connected horsepower -
Use formula from Exhibit 14-21
Eest = Et X SQ/2100 X HP/0.33
= 5291 X (2100/2100) X (0.5/0.33)
= 5291 X 1.0 X (1.5152)
., ,..,;. ..;.;;Vi;.. .,.....,., .,:,... ,v,.- =-801.7: X:..10**6 Btu per year , .;.._ .... ..... . ...._
A-107
-------
EXHIBIT A-4
liviTERPQi-flTION
Cajicujlate_rrj
i higner Flow Rate from Taole >JPJ?1?.
Caicul-.ate- D, . ...-.,,., . . .. ... .... . - . . .
. ... ..... -. .- :.-. .. : .-......... _.. . .. ._ ..... .............. :^ .. ... ^ .i.-.-;..^*^ ..'... _>..
6 Higher Flow Rate
-------
EXHIBIT fi-5
WASTEwftTER TREfiTrcEMT
ENERGY SURVEY
Facility
and location! ttff Plant ii.
. USQ
Design Capacity (Millions of Gallons of Influent/Day):
Actual Flo* During Survey Period: 4.3 _
First Full Ytar Of Operation: iซft
Brief Plant Systei Description:
filtered
JGD
JGD
i) Results of Energy Swvey Procedure Nueber 1: Electric Motor*
..-: TOTAL YEARLY QBiey USOffi. i.CT I IK
-A.34
2) Actual Electrical Energy constaed for last full year of operation (fro* station electrical bills):
TOTflL BIL1ID ELECTRICITY USAGE: l.SR I Itfi ' ' '
_WHปr
3) Fraction of Electrical Energy used for Motors (KU-hr froi 1 divided by KU-hr fro 2)
MOTOR FWCTION: _JJ1
4) Results of Energy Survey Procedure Ikvber 2: Heaters and Incinerators
TDTflL YEARLY DCR6Y USA6E: &-* ป lซ WHir
5) Additional Energy Usage (Describe on a case-by-case basis; convert units using 1 KY-hr 3413 Btu)
V^arl nprov ttea
Aril Haulino (SL1I1GE)
3.B
op
Btซ
13.8 X
6) Total WT Plant Yearly Energy Us*I* (ft* Btu fro* 1, 4, and 5 above)! 3.151 Hit
Btu
A-109
-------
EXHIBIT P-6
Survey Record Chart
Electric Motors
1
Motor number,
function, procen
M4, Raw Sewage Pump
M5, Raw Sewage Pump
M6, Raw Sewage Backup
Pump
i
o
Name Plate .
2
Hp
40
40
40
3
Volti
230/460
230/460
230/460
4
Hi
60
60
60
Reading!
5
VolU
470
470
6
Ampt
'.-;
V52 '';'
;52 ;' .
- '' ' ป
';
) ;
7
KW
22.4
9.3
8
Duty
cycle
.10
.25
';.
* ป
. .....* RaWSewaqe Yw.rlw Flnrtrlc Motor Ennrnv: Subtotal
0
KW-hrs
co!7x
col 8 x 8760
.96x105
2.03x104
7 imvin'
10
Power
factor
0.53
0.22
11
Comment!
Normal Condition
Normal Condition
Not in Service
KW-br,~ . .
-------
Survey Record Chart
Electric Motors
1
Motor number,
function, process
Blower 11
Blower #2
Blower #3
i
i *
Name Plato
2
Hp
100
100
100
3
Volti
230/460
230/460
230/460
4
Ht
60
60
60
Readings
5
Volti
470
470
470
6
Ampi
80
ed
81
;
7
KW
54.7
55.4
56.7
8
Duty
cycle
.66
.66
.66
Prontii nr Flim Stream; ., Aeratiฐn ., im Yearly Electric Motor Energy: Subtotal
9
KW-hrs
co)7x
col 8 K 8760
3.16x105
3.2 x 10-
3.28x105
9.64xl05
10
Power
factor
0.84
0.85
0.86
11
Comments
KW-hr
Pane 2 of 4
-------
Survey Record Chart
Electric Motors
1
Motor number.
function, process
M47, Vacuum Pump
M78, Filtrate Pump
NJ
Process or Flow Street
Name Plata
2
Hp
30
5
3
Volt*
230/460
230/460
4
Hs
60
60
n. Sludge Drvina
Readings
5
Volts
460
460
6
Amps
36 J:
V;."
3.*'
ซ, . t '
7
KW
20.1
1.8
8
Duty
cycle
.48
.35
/
Yearly Electric Motor Energy: Subtotal
9
KW-hn
col 7 x
col 8 x 8760
8.45x104
5.5x 103
9.0 x 104
10
Power
factor
.72
.58
11
Comments
Normal Op.
Normal Op.
KW-hr
Page 3 of 4
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Survey Record Chart
Electric Motors
1
Motor number,
function, procen
M10, Raw Sludge 11
Mil, Raw Sludge 12
I k
CO
Procen or Flow Street
Neme Plate
2
Hp
5
5
3
Volts
230/460
230/460
4
He
60
60
^. Raw Sludge
Readings
6
Volts
470
Amps
4i6
- ' :
*
7
KW
1.6
8
Duty
cycle
.125
Yearly Electric Motor Energy: Subtotal
9
KW-hn
co!7x
col 8 x 8760
1752
1752
10
Power
factor
0.50
11
Comments
Out of Service
Pump Leaking
KW-hr
Page 4 of 4
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txHlbii
Survey Record Chart
Heaters and Incinerators
1
Number, function,
process
Multiple Hearth Incin
*-ป
2
Type
MHI
Readings
3
KW
Gas
(ft3 /mo)
2.26xl06
5
Oil
(gal/mo)
6
. Steam
Jbm/hr
': V
7
Duty
cycle
.10
Proems IK FHw f?trซMปซ- Sludge Incineration V^rty haatlnq Miargy: Subtotal
8
Energy
(Btu/yr)
27.2 x 109
27.2 x 109
e
Comment!
Btu
Pi9ซ.
of
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