&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of Water
(EN-336)
EPA833-B-92-004
January 1993
U.S. EPA NPDES
Basic Permit Writers' Course
Workbook
.#*
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION TITLE
1 NPDES Program Overview/Background
2 The Application Process
3 Standard Permit Conditions
4 Effluent Limitations Guidelines-Based Limits
5 Overview of Variances to Effluent Guidelines
6 Best Professional Judgment-Based Limits
7 Water Quality Standards
8 Determining the Need for and Derivation of
Water Quality-Based Limits
9 . Monitoring Conditions and Analytical
Methods
10 Municipal NPDES Permit Development
11 Municipal Sludge Permit Conditions
12 Storm Water Permitting
13 Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Permitting
14 Special Permit Conditions
15 Pollution Prevention
16 Permit Issuance Procedures
17 Compliance and Enforcement
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COURSE ORGANIZATION
The course is designed around the process of issuing a
permit...from receipt of the application form, to the
development of effluent limitations, monitoring conditions
and special conditions and, ultimately, issuance of the permit.
-------
PRIMARY COURSE REFERENCES
Text
Workbook
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
EPA Quality Criteria for Water 1986 (Gold Book)
EPA Technical Support Document (TSD) for
Water Quality-Based Toxics Control
EPA Permit Writer's Guide to Water Quality-Based
Permitting for Toxic Pollutants
LPA Abstracts of Industrial NPDES Permits
EPA Treatability Manual
EPA NPDES Best Management Practices
Guidance Document
EPA Case-by-Case Permitting of Municipal
Sewage Sludge
Additional Miscellaneous Guidance
Practical Exercises
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NPDES PROGRAM OVERVIEW/
BACKGROUND
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
NPDES Program Overview
Statutory Evolution
NPDES Program Implementation
NPDES STATUTORY FRAMEWORK
All "point sources"
"Discharging pollutants"
Into "waters of the States" must obtain an NPDES
permit from EPA or an approved State
OVERVIEW OF THE NPDES PROGRAM
What is a permit?
Universe of permittees
Contents of a permit
Methods for developing permit limits
Universe of regulated pollutants
Overview of the issuance process
1-1
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WHAT IS A PERMIT?
It is a license...
Issued by the government to persons conducting business in the
United States
Granting permission to do something which would be
illegal in the absence of the permit
There is no right to a permit and it is revocable for
cause (noncompliance)
For our purposes, NPDES permit is license to discharge
CLASSIFICATION OF NPDES FACILITIES
Majors (> 1 MGD design flow)
Minors
Non-Municipal
Majors (> 80 points)
Minors
NOTES:
1-2
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CLASSIFICATION OF MAJOR AND MINOR
INDUSTRIAL PERMITS
Toxic pollutant potential
Flow/stream flow volume
Conventional pollutants
Public health impact
Water quality factors
Proximity to near coastal waters
DISTRIBUTION OF DISCHARGERS
TOTAL DISCHARGERS: 64,229
Municipals (15,605)
Majors: 3,857
Minors: 11,748
Non-Municipal (48,624)
Majors: 3,275
Minors: 45,349
Percentage of permittees
Industrials: 76%
Municipals: 24%
NOTES:
1-3
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CONTENTS OF THE PERMIT
Cover sheet
^
Effluent limitations
Effluent guidelines (Non-municipal)
Best Professional Judgment (Non-municipal)
Secondary treatment (Municipal)
Water Quality (Municipal and non-municipal)
Monitoring requirements
Standard conditions
Special conditions
Best Management Practices (Generic)
Best Management Practices (Storm water-specific)
.x
Other conditions (Municipal)
Pretreatment program
Combined Sewer Overflows
Municipal sludge
METHODS TO DEVELOP EFFLUENT
LIMITATIONS IN PERMITS
Effluent limitations guidelines
Water quality standards
Best professional judgment
1-4
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CWA CLASSES OF POLLUTANTS
Conventional pollutants
BOD
TSS
Oil and Grease
Fecal coliforms
- pH
Toxic pollutants
Heavy metals
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Nickel
Chromium
Etc.
Organic chemicals
Benzene
1,2 - Dichlorobenzene
Carbon tetrachloride
Etc.
Nonconventional pollutants
Ammonia
Chlorine
Toxicity
NOTES:
1-5
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PERMIT ISSUANCE PROCESS
Permit Application
|
Permit and fact sheet
development
Effluent limits
Monitoring conditions
Standard conditions
Special conditions
|
Public notice
aiiti puDiic corrnucifts
{
Administrative record
|
Final permit
|
Compliance
1-6
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FWPCA -1972 AMENDMENTS
Established NPDES and pretreatment programs
Incorporated permits from 1899 Act and standards
from 1965 Water Quality Act
Dischargers must identify themselves
Permits are privilege - not a right
Effluent limits must be both technology based and water
quality based
Compliance deadlines are specified
7/1/77 for BPT and water quality standards,
7/1/83 for BAT
Maximum duration is 5 years
States and public must be involved in issuance process
Established significant penalties for permit violations
Indicated that permit compliance is a shield
Provided for State programs
Established Construction Grants Program for POTWs
NOTES:
1-7
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NRDC CONSENT DECREE -1976
EPA sued by the NRDC, and other environmental
and industrial groups
Established the list of 129 (now 126) priority pollutants
Established 34 industrial categories to be regulated
by NPDES and pretreatment
Required development of BAT effluent guidelines and
categorical pretreatment standards by 1983
CLEAN WATER ACT AMENDMENTS -1977
Adopted the provisions of the NRDC consent decree,
including "toxic" pollutants
Established BCT for conventional pollutants
Extended BAT/BCT compliance deadlines (7/1/84)
Clarified that Federal facilities are subject to State
programs
Authorized EPA to approve local pretreatment programs
Required NPDES States to modify their programs to
include pretreatment oversight
NOTES:
1-8
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WATER QUALITY ACT -1987
Extends compliance deadline again (3/31/89)
Specifies storm water permitting requirements
Increases civil and criminal penalties and makes
administrative fines available to EPA
Designates that Indian tribes be considered "States"
Creates the Federal sludge management program
Phases out construction grants program
Creates new programs for nonpoint sources (runoff)
NPDES IMPLEMENTATION
/
Before approval:
EPA issues permits
EPA conducts compliance and monitoring activities
EPA enforcement
After approval:
States implement as above
EPA role = oversight
Grants
Administrative, technical and legal support
training
Enforcement as necessary
1-9
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SNAPSHOT: NPDES PROGRAM APPROVALS
Eligible jurisdiction* 57
^
NPDES approved 39
Pretreatment approved 27
Federal facility approved 34
General Permits approved 28
*Not including Indian tribes
NPDES ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE
$70 Billion - POTWs (1972)
75% construction completed
65,000 permits issued
75% water - flsh/swimmable
361,000 + miles of streams and 12 million lake acres fully support
their designated uses
Still experiencing 350 fish kills per year; fishing bans due
to pollution in 21 States
NOTES:
1-10
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EPA ORGANIZATION: HEADQUARTERS
Administrator
Office of Water
1
Water Science and
Technology
Wastewater
Enforcement and
Compliance
Wetlands, Oceans
and Watersheds
1
Ground Water and
Drinking Water
1
Policy and
Resources
Management
Permits Division
Enforcement
Division
Munripal
Support Division
NPDES Permits Policy
State Programs Approval
Pretreatment Implementation
Sludge Permits Policy
Compliance and Enforcement Policy
Inspections and Sampling
Administrative/Judicial Case Review
Data Mangement
Municipal Assistance
Construction Grants/
State Revolving Funds
1-U
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EPA ORGANIZATION: REGIONS
Lawyers
Drinking
Water
Regional
Administrator
Water
Management
Division
Groundwater
Air
Dredge and
Fill/Ocean
Dumping
Water
Quality
Standards
Permits
Waste
Enforcement
1-12
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HPDES TBRMIHOLOGT
APPLICATION FORM - Any of the federal forms (or State forms)
required to be filled out by a discharger
prior to issuance of a permit.
BAT - Best Available Technology Economically Achievable
(applies to non-conventional and toxic pollutants)
BCT - Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology (applies
to conventional pollutants)
BPT - Best Practicable Control Technology Currently Available
(generally applies to conventional pollutants and some
metals)
BMP - Best Management Practices; measures supplemental to
numerical effluent limitations to control discharges
from storage piles, spills, leaks/ etc. Frequently,
BMPs are procedural or qualitative rather than
quantitative.
BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand; a pollutant commonly limited
in NPDES permits.
F?J - Best Professional Judgement; the broad authority of the
Act authorizing the development of permits conditions
on a case-by-case basis in the absence of national
standards.
CFR - Code of Federal Regulations where effluent limitations
guidelines/ the NPDES regulations etc. are found.
CONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT(s) - BOD, TSS, fecal coliform, oil and
grease, and pB.
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS - The limit (usually daily maximum and
monthly average) on a pollutant required
to be met by the permit expressed as mass
(Ibs/day) or concentration (mg/1).
EFFLUENT LIMITATION GUIDELINE - A national standard prescribing a
limit on specific pollutant (in
Ibs/day or mg/1) from point
sources in a particular
industrial category (e.g. textile
mills).
INDIRECT DISCHARGERS - those facilities which discharge waste
water to receiving waters indirectly
i.e. through a POTW (also termed "IDs")
1-13
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MAJOR PERMIT - any permit(ce) with a design flow of 1MGD or
greater (municipal)
any permit(ee) which scores 80 or greater on the
major/minor permit classification scale
(industrial)
MINOR PERMIT - any permit which is not a major permit.
MIXING ZONE - an allocated impact area in a water body where
numeric water quality criteria can be exceeded as
long as acutely toxic conditions are prevented.
NONCONVENTIONAL POLLUTANT - any pollutant which is neither a
. conventional nor a toxic pollutant
(ex. manganese/ ammoniar etc.)
NPDES - The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
prescribed by Section 402 of the Clean Water Act.
NRDC CONSENT AGREEMENT - 1976 Settlement agreement between EPA
and the National Resources Defense
Council concerning the control of toxic
pollutants through BAT effluent
guiueiifl<* and idi.evjuj.ical pretreatcx it
standards.
NSPS - New Source Performance Standard
pH - a measure of acidity or alkalinity (pH 7 is neutral) of a
waste water; a common pollutant limited in NPDES permits.
POINT SOURCE - a discrete conveyance such as a pipe, ditch, etc.
contributing pollutants to the environment.
POLLUTANT - a contaminant introduced into a receiving water which
is subject to technology-based or water quality-based
effluent limitations in the permit.
POTH - Publicly Owned Treatment Works, usually consisting of
primary and secondary (biological) treatment.
PRIMARY INDUSTRY - an industry listed in the NRDC consent
agreement (also in Appendix A of 40CFR
Part 122)
PRETREATMENT - the treatment of Wastewater by contributors to a
POTW before the wastewater reaches the POTW.
1-14
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PSES - Pretreatment Standards for Existing Sources
PSNS - Pretreatment Standards for New Sources
TOXIC POLLUTANT - Any of the 129 priority pollutants (organic
chemicals, metals, etc.) which are neither
conventional nor non-conventional.
TOXICITY TEST - A measure of the toxicity of a chemical or an
effluent using living organisms by determining
the-response (survival/ reproduction, growth,
etc.) of an exposed organism to the chemical or
effluent.
TSS - Total suspended solids; a pollutant commonly limited in
NPDES permits.
VARIANCE - A waiver establishing alternative limitations or time
extensions for a specific facility. Several different
variances and time extensions are available under the
CWA upon satisfaction of very specific criteria.
WATER QUALITY CRITERION - Elements of state water quality
standards, expressed as concentrations*
levels, or narrative statements
representing a quality of water that
supports a particular use (drinking,
contact recreation, cold water fishery,
etc.)
WATER QUALITY STANDARD - Provisions of State or Federal law
which consist of a designated use or
uses for the water of the United State
and water quality criteria for such
waters based upon such uses.
WATER OF THE U.S. - All waters which are used, were used, or may
be used in interstate or foreign commerce,
including all water subject to the ebb and
flow of the tide and wetlands.
1-15
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THE APPLICATION PROCESS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Types of NPDES Application Forms
EPA Application Form 2C
Accuracy and Completeness
The NPDES process is initiated when a point source files
application forms requesting a permit.
NOTES:
2-1
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EPA APPLICATION FORMS FOR NPDES PERMITS
FORM
TITLE/APPLICABILITY
LAST
REVTSED
REGULATION
CITE
A
SHORT
2B
2C
2D
2F
NONE
General information
New and existing major POTWs
New and existing minor POTWs
New and existing animal feeding
operations and aquatic animal
production facilities
Existing manufacturing, commercial,
mining, and silvicultural discharges
New manufacturing, commercial,
mining, and silvicultural discharges
»g, commercial,
and silvicultural facilities that
discharge only non-process wastewater
Stormwater discharges associated with
industrial activities
Stormwater discharges from
municipal separate storm sewers
serving a population of greater than
100,000
1980
1973*
1973
1980
1984
1984
1936
1990
122.21(f)
reserved
122.21(1)
reserved
122.21(1)
122.21(g)
122.21(k)
122.21(h)
122.26(c)
122.26(d)
"Currently being revised
NOTES:
2-2
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KEY DEFINITIONS
New Discharger - Any building, structure, facility, or installation:
From which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants
That did not commence discharge at the site prior to
August 13.1979
Which is not a "new source"
Which has never received a finally-effective NPDES permit
New Source - Any building, structure, facility, or installation from
which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants, the construction
of which commenced:
After promulgation of effluent limitations guidelines and
standards applicable to such source, or
After proposal of effluent limitations guidelines and
standards, but only if the standards are promulgated within
120 days of proposal
X
Existing Source - Any building, structure, facility, or installation
from which there is a discharge of pollutants which is not a new
discharger or new source.
NOTES:
2-3
-------
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF FORM 2C
I. Outfall location
II. Flow, sources of pollution, treatment technologies
in. Production information (if applicable)
IV. Improvements (if applicable)
V. Intake and effluent characteristics
VI. Potential discharges not covered by analysis
VII. Biological testing data
VIII. Contract analysis information
IX. Certification/signature
APPLICATION FORM: REVIEW FOR ACCURACY
Most common mistakes:
Guideline production and flow rates
Long term average, daily average, and daily maximum values
Decimal point errors
Wrong concentration units
Reported values are below known detection limits
2-4
-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthylene
Actylonitrile
Aldrin
Anthracene
,
Antpiony
Argjnto
Barium
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzene
Bcnzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(a)pyrenc
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Beryllium
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Bis(2sstbylhexyl)phthalate
Bromoform
Brornomethane(methyl bromi4e)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Ill
ADHESIVES
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Accnaphtbene
Acenaphthylene
Acrylonitrilc
Aldrin
Anthracene
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(k).fluoranthene
Bcnzo(a)pyrcne
Benzo(ghi)perylene
Beryllium
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
fcw(2-etbylbexyl)phlhalaui
Bromoform
Bwmometbane(incthyJ taomjlde)
Butyl benzyl phthalate
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Cadmium
Carbon disulfide
Carbon tettachloride
Chlordanc
p-Chloro-m-cresol
Chlotobenzene
Ch|Qrodibromomethane
Chloroethane (ethyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethane (methyl chloride)
2-Chlorophenol
Chromium
Cobalt '
Copper
Cyanide
DDE (Dichlorodiphcnyl
dichloroethylene)
DDT {DidUorodipJieiiyl
trichloroethane)
Di-n-butyl phthalate
pi-n-octyl phthalate
IADHESIVES
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ALUMINUM FORMING
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1 HOSPITALS |
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1 NON-FERROUS METALS
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Cadmium
Carbon disulfidc
Carbon tetraohloridc
Chlordane
prCbloro-RKresot
Chlorobenzene
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane (ethyl chloride)
Chloroform
Chloromethane (methyl chloride)
2-Chlorophenol
Chromium
Cobalt'
Copper
Cyanide
DDE (Dichlorodiphenyl
dichloroethylene)
DDT (Dichlorodiphenyl
trichloroethane)
Di-n-butyl phthalatc
Di-n-octyl phthalate
IORE MINING & DRESSING
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Pjbromouictbane (MrthyJww
bromide)
1 ,2-Dichlorobcnzene
1 ,3-PichIorobcnzcne
1 ,4-Pichlorobenzcne
Picblorobromoroethane
Pichlorodifluoromethane
l.l^ichlorocthanc
trans- 1 ,2-Pichloroethylene
2,4-Pichloropheqol
2,4-Pichlorophenoxyacctic acid
(2,4-P)
1 ,2-Dichloropropanc
1 ,3-Pichloropropenc
PieJdrin
Piethyl phthalatc
Pimetbyl pbthajate
2,4-Pimethylphcnol (2,4-xylcnol)
2,4^Pinitrotoluene
1 ,2-Piphenylhydrazine
Endosulfan
II
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IAUTO & OTHER LAUNDRIES
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1 MECHANICAL PRODUCTS
1 NON-FERROUS METALS
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Dibromometnane (Methylcnc
bromide)
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,3-Dlchlorobenzeno
1 ,4-Dichlorobcnzenc
Dichlorobromomethanc
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Ll-Diohlprgetbane
trans- 1 ,2-Dichloroethylene
2,4-Dichlorophcnol
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2,4-D)
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
1 ,3-Dichloropropene
DicWrin
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
2,4-Dimethylphenol (2,4-xylenol)
2,4-Djnitrotoluenc
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Endosutfan
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ORGANIC CHEMICALS
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1 TIMBER PRODUCTS
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Endrin
Ethyl Benzene
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
Ethylene dichloride
Fluoranthenc
Fluprene
Hejjjjachlor
Heptachlor Epoxide
Hexachloro-1 ,3-butadienc
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclohexanc (Lindane)
Hexachloro ethane
f
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene
Isobutyl alcohol
Isophorone
1 0a/i
MaMbfen
Mercury
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketone
IADHESIVES
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IGUN AND WOOD CHEMICALS
II
1 II
HOSPFTALS
1 II
1 INORGANIC CHEMICALS
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IRON AND STEEL
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1 II
1 LABORATORIES
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1 LEATHER TANNING & ||
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1 MECHANICAL PRODUCTS
1 NON-FERROUS METALS
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I
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Endrin .
Ethyl Benzene
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
Ethylenc dichloridc
Fluoranlhcnc
Fluorene
Heptachlor
Hcptachlor Epoxide
Hcxachloro-1 ,3-butadienc
Hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorocyclohexanc (Lindane)
Hexachloroethane
Indcno (1,2,3-cd) pyrcnc
Isobutyl alcohol
Isppboronc
Lead
Malathion
Mercury
Methoxychlor
Methyl ethyl ketonc
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-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Methylene chloride
4,4-Methylenebis (2-
chloroaniline)
Naphthalene
Nickel
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
PCB$ (Polychlorinated biphenyls)
Pentachloro ethane
PenUchlorpphcnol
Phenanthrene
Phenol
Pyrene /
Pyridene
Selenium
Silver
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloethylene)
Teirachjarophenol
1 ADHESIVES
II
,
ALUMINUM FORMING
.
|
*
»
1 BATTERY MANUFACTURING
V
COALMINING
.
111
COO. COATING
II
COPPER FORMING
DYE MANUFACTURING
\
-
1 ELECTRICAL AND ||
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ||
3
is
CM
ui 5
jjjE
[EXPLOSIVES H
MANUFACTURING ||
.
1 FOUNDRIES
II
GUN AND WOOD CHEMICALS
HOSPITALS 1
1 INORGANIC CHEMICALS
H
III
IRON AND STEEL 1
i
,t
1 LEATHER TANNING & 1
FINISHING
..
1 MECHANICAL PRODUCTS 1
*
1 NON-FERROUS METALS
i
CVJ
-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Mcthylenc chloride
4,4-Mcthylcncbis (2-
chloroaniline)
Naphthalene
Nickel
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol
PCBs (Polychlprinated bipbenyls)
Pcntachloroethane
Pentacblorophenol
Phenanthrene
Phenol -
Pyrcne^
Pyridene
Selenium
Silver
1,1,1 ,2-Tetrachloroethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrachloroethylene
(Perchloethylenc)
Tetrachlorophenol
ORE MINING it DRESSING II
t.
ORGANIC CHEMICALS 1
*
*
'
'
<*
£
«
»
'
PESTICIDES
PETROLEUM REFINING
»
PHARMACEUTICALS
»
t
1
3
y
K\
(,
< *
. <
«
c
PLASTIC & SYNTHETICS
O
&
8
*
u
g
i
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
IPULP PAPER & II
FIBERBOARD ||
RUBBER MANUFACTURING
9
1 SOAPS & DETERGENTS
II
I
1 STONE, CLAY, GLASS, & II
CONCRETE PRODUCTS |
-
*
i
*
.
1 TIMBER PRODUCTS
..
I
CM
-------
B/154F/402J-002/NPDES.TBL
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Thallium
Toluene
Toxaphene
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobcnzenc
1,1,1 ^Trichloroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Trichlorofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophcnoxy-2'propionic
acid
Vinyl chlorider (chloroethylene)
Vinylidene chloride
7;*t/t
In
ADHESIVES
ALUMINUM FORMING
3
4
<
o
2
>
3
COALMINING
COO. COATING
O
2
1
DYE MANUFACTURING |
\
.
ELECTRICAL AND ||
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS ||
1 ELECTROPLATING/METAL ||
FINISHING ||
1 EXPLOSIVES ||
| MANUFACTURING ||
1 ||
FOUNDRIES
GUN AND WOOD CHEMICALS
III
HOSPITALS 1
INORGANIC CHEMICALS ||
IRON AND STEEL I
LABORATORIES
1 LEATHER TANNING & ||
FINISHING |
MECHANICAL PRODUCTS
L Jl
NON-FERROUS METALS
LO
-------
MATRIX OF POLLUTANT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL WASTESTREAMS (Continued)
Thallium
_
Toxapheno
1 ,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,) i-TrichJorocthane
1,1,2-Trichlorocthanc
Trichlorocthylcne
Trichlorofluoromethane
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Tricblorophcnoxy-2-propionic
acid
Vinyl chloride (chloroethylene)
Vinylidenc chloride
Zinc
ORE MINING & DRESSING
ORGANIC CHEMICALS
£
PLASTIC & SYNTHETICS 1
III
PLASTICS PROCESSING
1 PORCELAIN ENAMELING 1
II
.
1 II
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
IPULP PAPER & ||
FIBERBOARD |
9
1 RUBBER MANUFACTURING
SOAPS &. DETERGENTS
O
1 STONE, CLAY, GLASS, & ||
CONCRETE PRODUCTS - |
1
»
1 TIMBER PRODUCTS
I
CVJ
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Review of NPDES Permit Applications
*
GIVEN; NPOES Application Forms 1 and 2C from Luster Glass Inc.
REQUIREMENT; Review the permit applications from Luster Glass Inc. and
answer the questions below.
QUESTIONS;
(1) Is this facility a POTW or does it have a concentrated animal feeding
operation?
42) Who is Mr. Ceccarelli?
X3) What does Luster Glass Inc. make?
(4) Did the proper official sign the application form?
How do you know?
(5) To what body of water does Luster Glass Inc. discharge its process water?
(6) How many outfalls are there at Luster Glass?
(7) Has the company collected any data on the toxicity of its wastewater?
(8) Does Luster Glass Inc. have its own analytical laboratory for the analysis
of priority pollutants?
(9) Based on your cursory review of the application, which pollutants would
you limit in a permit for Luster Glass Inc.?
(10) Based on the water flow schematic included in the permit application, what
wastewaters are treated at Luster Glass Inc.? What is the total treated
wastewater flow? .
(11) What is the wastewater flow after treatment shown on the water flow
schematic?
(12) Does wastewater flow into treatment equal wastewater flow out of treatment
on the water flow schematic?
2-17
-------
2-18
-------
PIMM print or type in the unihaoad areas only
Mill-in tnut are «xotf tot >'< no*. '-.. 12 chtrmcttrt finch I.
form Appro**! OMB No. KMO-OOS6 Appro**! ffptnt 7-31*9
GENERAL INFORMATION
(Ktfd IHt "G*n*m liurructiont" off of* itirHns.)
PIF
. MUMBC*) \
. EPA 1.0.
. \ V
.III1. FACILITY NAME
\ \ N N \ N
FACILITY
\ *\'<\N\AD\R\"1
II. POLLUTANT CHARACTERISTICS
If pteprlinad 1** haa been provided, rtfix
it In the aeaii»ienu' apace. Review the inform-
atton carefully; H any of it is incorrect, crew
through it end enter the comet lira in trie
appiepriaui flll-rn araa-melow. Ano. if any of
th» preprinted dm if ebetm fcne area to cfte
Iftt of thf tec*/ apace Mm tfl* rnformto&t
cner anew*/ teemr). plan provid* rt in tf»
proptr fill-in irwA/ bctow. If tnt l«»l
eomptan and comet, you nnd not eompicn
Ittrm I. III. V. md VI fnapt Vt-B mtUctt
man b* tampittmJ nomrOrtaL Comptott «H
if no WM4 hw tw*n prevtdtd. Rtf*r to
bmruetloni for OMiM torn i1»iiiii
tiom and for tht l«g>l Mithorizitiont under
which thii dm collccad.
INSTRUCTIONS: Complta A throujh J to dtttrmim wtMthw you M«d to wbmit iny pfrmit opliation forms to tin EPA. If you vawn "ytt" to my
quotient, you must submit this form sod tht pjpptamsnttJ form lintd in tfw ptranthssa following thf Qotstion. Mark "X" m tfw box in tilt third column
if thi supptemtnal form is sraehtd. H you MMMr "no" to tKh quWion. you ntod not submit cny of thsst forms. You may snswtr "no" if your activity
is axdudsd from permit raquinmtnts; M Swtion C of tht mttructjom. Sat also, Saction 0 of tht instructions for oafmitions of baM-faod Mmt.
specific QUOTIONI
rcciric OUBSTIOMB
ATTACVC*
A. It thn faciliry
which rwulti if
(FORM 2A)
e publicly owned ueauiiem works
a dweharae to water, of the US.?
Does or will this facility rafter nltOna. or pnpamd)
include e apnaantnted ananal faadang operation or
rime) production let BUD which return in e
i to water* of the UJL? (FORM 28)
li thn i facility which currently multa in oiconargwj
to wMwi of tlM IL& other than thoat PMCfitxd in
7 (FORM 2C1
, li th» a propoaad (acuity lather tntn rfiim oaaenaao
In A or B fbort) which win raautt in a dajrtani to
BM2O)
E. Don or will thn facility tract. More, or diapoat of
? (FORM 3)
F. Do you or will you infect at thfe facility indmtrial or
municipal effluent below tht lowermon ttretum con-
taining, within one quarter mile of the well bore.
underground aourcei of drinking water? (FORM 4)
C. Do you or will you iniect at tnu facility any produced
water or other fluid] which are brought to the curfece
in connection with conventional oil or natural OM pro-
duction, iniect fluidj uied for enhanced recovery of
oil or nature! gat. or iniect fluids for (toraga of liquid
hydrocarbon*? (FORM 4)
H. Do you or will you inject at thla faculty ftuUi for epe-
dal urotaaai auch at mining of auffur by the F reach
PTOOMR, a9njtton mining of mlnarala. In attu oombua-
tion of foaril fuel, or recovery of geetheiiiaJ energy?
(FORM 4)
I. Is this facility e proposed ilaumwiy aouree which a
one of the 28 industrial categories lifted in the in-
structions and which will potentially emit 100 ton
per year of any air pollutant regulated under the
Clean Air Act and may effect or be located in an
a? (FORM 5)
J. n mt$ facility propOMd ttoofWrY flOWey wnicn is
NOT one of the 28 InduaMal mujgeiiea lifted in the
inctructioni and which wW potentlaUy emit 260 tons
par year of any eir pollutant raoutated under tte Clean
Air Act and may aflact or be Icimiad in an attaaviMnt
i? (FORMS)
A. NAMI TITLB (Imt, tint. * ttlltt
CECCARELLI IVO ENV. COORD.
V. FACILITY MAILING AOOR
A. amcKT. NOUTC MO. on OTMKH sr>cciric IOCNTIFIKM
RIDGE DRIVE.
e. COUMTV NAMC
. COQK
C. CITV OH TOWM
. . H08RIS
«. ZIP COOK
60123.
if ttnoumi
EPA Form 3610-1 (Re*. 10-80)
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
2-19
-------
CONTINUED taOM THE FRONT
TIT
. UCOMD
Tir
.3211 .
(iptcifyi
GLASS MANUFACTURING
ftptdfjr)
o. reuMTM
VIII. OPERATOR INFORMATION
3. It th* IMRM >t*tma tr
|-III I I I I I I
LUSTER GLASS INC.
EC YES O NO
c. STATUS or orCKATOK (Entfr rht ffproprltiu lemr bite tht tamer be*: If "OOttr".
O. VMOHK (SIM C0d« A IMk*
F- FEDERAL
S - STATE
P - PRIVATE
M - PUBLIC fottitr than fttttrml or no*)
O " OTHER towel/*)
B. BTI»««T OK P.O. BOX
IX. INDIAN LAMO
r. CITY on TOW
It KM facility looted on Indian lanm?
YES GO NO
X. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS
A. NPDBS (Ditchtrtts to Surfac* wttmr)
m. erne* Itptttfy)
m. uic (VnOtitratatd Inftctton of Fluid*!
c. MCHA (HsiMraoul Wattttl
Attach to this ipplieation topographic nwp of the »n» cxttfiding to M Mswt ont mil* bvyond proptrty boundaries. The map mun show
the ouTiino of tha febslity, tht tecstion of each of its existing and proposed intake and diachargt tuuctuies, each of hi hazardous waste
treetragj?*, s»sre=5.."s? 5*5Ciii .^5i;:ti^, -^1 nsr. -^s;: v^cn it ^:?rri T^:S! j^-rrrrjri. :Trr^5 ill springs, rivers and other
water bodies in the map area. See instructions for precise requirements.
XIL NATURE OF BUSINESS Iprmidt tritf dtKriptionJ
AUTO TEMPERED AND AUTO LAMINATED GLASS MANUFACTURED
XIII. CERTIFICATION (m* fmovettomT
I certify undtr ptmltf of lew thtt I h*t» personally wumimd tnd m fmoHltr wftfi the information amftrn/tterf in tttit application »nd til
ftuefwnamg and that, baaed on my inquiry of thorn penorm tmenedjataty reapontibta for obtaining the information contained in the
application. I believe that the information it true, accurate and complete. I am avert that there are lign/Rcam penaltiet for submitting
falaainfomtation.incrudir^theposabilrtyoffineandimpriaonmem.
« OFFICIAL. TITIK (type or print I
JOHN BAKER
VICE PRESIDENT
. SIONATUIIB
TC SICNCD
COMMENTS FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
EPA Form 3610-1 (Rsv. 10-80) H
» U.S. Sov«rn««nt
2-20
-------
4.813 MOO
cur WAIER
ro
I
ro
AUIO CLASS
TEMPERING
PREPARATION:
CUTTING.
GRINDING.
POLISHING.
SENDING
AUTO GLASS
TEMPERING
AUTO GLASS
I AMI Mil ON
PREPARATION:
CUTTING.
ENDING.
ASHING
AUTO GLASS
LAMINATION
2.5 HGD
RECTCLED PROCESS
COOLING WATER
COOLING TOWER
.96 MOD
l.«3 MOO
1.213 MOD
.91 HGD
.45 UCD .(SLOWDOWN)
ASTEIMIER
TREATMENT
SYSTEM
SCHEMATIC OF
> WATER FLOW :
LUSTER GLASS INC
MORRIS. I HO UNA
4.13 MOO
OUTFALL Ml
4.S63 HGD
7.«6 cfs
«.?5 MOO AtMOVHERE
-------
ro
ro
ro
~VV V /If. V /^y/*tHHK
^ LUSTER GLASS, INC.
llinois River
DISCHARGE
LOCATION MAP
LUSTER GLASS, INC.
Fictitious Location
SCALE I'-24000
Hill
-------
'PIMM or.nt or tyo« '" the unshaded arMs only.
7-3I-S8
2C
NPOCS
- - -v-JSSSP
r% ier^Ji» v:.-4qSr
iL^siiL^lsiiiir^sii ^Beii^eaBBBBBBikMieM
^RFsCeT^r^ ocwiw
1. OUTFALL LOCATION ^^^^^H
IBiieps-: AmjCAnoH FOB PERMIT TO oacMAHot muimATsw: '- 1
flmmirACTUftmo. COMMERCIAL. MINING AND SILVWULTUMAL OKRATIONS I
Consolidated Permit* Progrwm \
For eeeh outfall. li*t the latitude and longitude of its location to the nearest 1 5 seconds and the name of the receiving water.
X. OUT
NUMI
llil\
1 1. 0««. *. MIM. '». ««C.
001 42 36
1. O««. I. MIM.
98 30
1. **C.
O. OBCIIVIMO WATCH (*mm* 1
ILLINOIS RIVER
II. FLOWS. SOURCES OF POLLUTION. AND TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ^(.^B
A. Attach a line drawing showing the water floi
and treatment units labeled to correspond to
flows between intake*, operations, treatment
pictorial description of the nature end amount
w through the faciliw. Indicate sour
rhe more detailed descriptions in Ite
units, and outfalls. If a water baler
of any source* of water and any coll*
on of intake water, operations contributing wastev
ice cannot be determined ie.0.. for etmin mining
ction or treatment ineaaiiei
vater to trie effluent.
I by showing average
tetnitimi, provioe a
B. For each outfall, provide e description of: (1) All operations contributing wastewater to the effluent, including process wastewater. unitary wastewater,
cooling water, and storm water runoff; (2) The average flow contributed by each operation: and (3) The treatment received by .the westewater. Continue
on additional sheets if necessary.
1. OUT-
(lutl
001
Z. OFBRATIONISI CONTRIBUTING FLOW
a. OPERATION Ilittl
PROCESS FLOWS
,
Cooling Tower Slowdown
-
b. AVERAGE FLOW
^include unittl
411"; M0H
0.45 MOD
1. TRe.ATM«MT
. ocxcmmoN
011 /Hater Seoarator
Settllna -Basins
MIXING WITH OTHER STREAMS
/
.
b. LIST cooes FROM
TABLE ZC-1
l-ll
1-0
t
1
:
1
1
1 1
f
i
OFFICIAL. USE ONLY ftfflutnl luidtlinet ub-catltontu
EPA Form 3510-2C (Rev. 2-85)
PAGE 1 OF 4
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
2-23
-------
CONTINUE D ECTOM THE FRONT
CTCMimfDr Aormrvnerf;^^u.ort^
res rrompferc* tht foU Section IVl
6. An the limitation* in the applicable effluent guiocune expressed in terms of production lor ottttr mtumaw efapfrmanlJ
"»«» tcomplrti /tern III-Ci JjHO "" "> S»etion IV I
C If you answered 'yes to Item III-B. list the quantity which represents an actual measurement of your level of production, expressed m tre terms a»o onus
used m the applicable effluent guideline, and indicate the affected outfalls.
V AVERAGE DAILY PRODUCTION
J. AFFCCTIO
flur rtutfall nil,9«m;
40.000
275.000
FtVOAY
Ft '/DAY
AUTO TEMPERED GLASS
AUTO LAMINATED GLASS
001
001
A Are vou low orfitr environment, j'o/w.i -v-.--; -, »»*rec:
acn orogram if now unaerwtv 0^ piannea. £-c "C Ci'^ , o»- .-: -« of
ONAL. CONTROL i*itoGf»AM« is ATTACHED
EPA Form 3S10-2C (Rev. 2-85)
PAGE 2 OF 4
CONTINUE C'. 'ACE i
2-24
-------
J, CONTINUED PROM PAGE 2
Form Aporo*ed.
OMB .vo 20*0-ooee
eieires 7 3> -88
V. INTAKE AND EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
CPA I.O. NUMBERrcopy from item 1 of Form Jt
A. B, & C: See instructions before proceeding Complete on* set of tables for each outlall Annoutt the outfttl numtMr in ttw «Ma providtlti V-A. V-6. and V-C »re included on uo*rne «n««u numbered V-1 trirough V-9.
D. Ute the ipece below to lin »ny of the polluunti lifted in Table 2c-3 of the instructions, which you know or haw reason to belieM i> discharged or -nay oe
discharged from any outfall. For every pollutant you list, briefly describe the reasons you believe it to be present and report any analytical data .n your
possession.
2. SOURCC
2. SOUNCC
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
vi. POTENTIAL DISCHARGES NOT COVERED BY ANALYSIS.
Is any pollutant listed in Item V-C substance or a component of a substance which you currently use or manufacture as an intermediate or (mat product or
byproduct?
YI» Ilitl all 4ueh pollutants Of low I
"NO (to to Ittm VI-B)
ZINC
EPA Form 3510-2C (Rev. 2-85)
PAGE 3 or 4
CONTINUE ON =EVERS
2-25
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
BIOUMICAL TOXICfTY TSCT1MQ DATA
to believe am* any Biological Met for acute or chronte ttnuciry nm been made on any of your aiactwrgn
OovauMneav*
to vour Mtetmwm twtfan MM tan 3 yean?
2}TB> (Identify fnr leant and dfKtbf tn*ir gurpoen
£2 NO fro to StcMcm V7/7J
Whole Effluent Toxlclty -
Acute and chronic Whole Effluent Toxlclty tests were conducted to
satisfy an NPDES permit requirement for biomonitoring. Initially,
in February 1988. a sample MBS analyzed for acute and chronic
toxlcity using both Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas
(Fathead minnows). The results indicated that Fathead minnows were
the more sensitive of the two species and were used in subsequent
tests. Chronic toxicity to Fathead minnows varied from 1.31 to
3.5S Acute toxlcity varies from &3 to 24.8S. A total of 12
monthly samples were analyzed for acute and chronic toxlcity over
the course of one year. Results are presented in Table 3.
VIII CONTRACT ANALYSIS INFORMATION"
W«re «ny of ttw analysM reported in Ittm V performed by a contract laboratory or consulting firm?
nr ves fllat fn* name, oddngt, and telephone number of, andpottutantv
analyitd ey, tocH tuch laboratory or firm btlow)
~ no do to Section IXI
e. AOOMCSS
forgo cod» ^ no.)
MFA«;ilBFWFMT I
312-£84-'
CHICAGO, IL
60020
129 PRIORITr POLLUTAHTS
BOD. TOC, COO, TSS, ZN.
CU. PHOSPHORUS,
CADMIUM, LEAD
IX. CERTIFICATION^
/certify undgr petntlry afltw thtt this document mnd mil inacnments were preptrtd under my direction or supervision in eccordance w/r/i a system designed to
assure that qualified personnel property gather end evaluate the information tubmined^Beted on my inquiry of the penon or persons who manage the system or
tttoto persona direclty responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted it. tothe best of my knowledge end belief, true, accurate, and complete.
I em aware that there ere tigruficorn penalties for submitting false information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment tor knowing violations.
A NAME oV OFFICIAL, TITCE 'f\P#' «>r print/
JOHN BAKER. VICE PRESIDENT
B. PHONE NO. 'UTC -: -
312-834-4536
C SIGNATURE
D DATE SIGNED
EPA Form 351O-2C (Rev. 2-85)
PAGE 4 OF a
2-26
-------
[i
PI t ASK I'HINI Oil 1 VIM IN 1 ML UNSIIAOLO AHEAS ONLY. You m.iy rupuil umiu in .ill til
tins mloi million nit si:|iiiia1r slici'U fuse the same lunnut) inslifuil (if riiiiiplrliiuj ilifst1 |>;HJI:S
StE INSTRUCT IONS
IS)
1
ro
vl
V. INTAKE AND EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS it ,;,linueI.I, IV, ,1 ,:,,.,l,;i / .11 (ftf
^^TTTTTT * L L NO
^^^^^^^^^B 001
y iiiillutanl in this tahle. Complete one ladle loi each outlall. See inslroclionj lor additional details.
2 EFFLUENT
M 10 C)AY VALUE
arfifftiofe/
...
...
...
VALUE
V ALUE
MINIMUM"
6.9
MAXIMUM
7.6
C LONG TERM ftVPf VALUE
25.0 237.0
...
...
18.8 290.9
...
VALUE
4.563
VALUE
VALUE
^^x^
II. NO. Of
ANALYSES
4
1
1
52
1
52
1
1
a, CC
J UN
»«>.. i/v if
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
MGD
TS
blankl
IBS
IBS
IBS
IBS
IBS
...
"C
"C
STANDARD UNITS
4. INTAKE (opilunal/
t LONG TERM
...
...
...
...
VALUE
V ALUt
V ALUL
b. NO. or -
ANALYII*
...
...
...
...
52
...
...
- -___^ r
PART B Mark "X" in column 2-a lor each pollutant you know or have reason to believe is present. Mark "X" in column 2-b for each pollutant you believe to be absent. If you mark column 2a for any pollutant
which is limited either directly, or indirectly but expressly, in an effluent limitations guideline, you must provide the results of al least one analysis for that pollutant. For other pollutants for which you mart
column 2a, you must provide quantitative data or an explanation of their presence in your discharge. Complete one table for each outfall. See the instructions lor additional details and requirements.
1. POLLUT-
ANT AND
CAS NO.
(It fuoltobltl
a. Bromide
(24969-67-9)
b. Chlorine,
Tolel flaildual
c. Color
il. Fecal
Cnlilnrm
1 luuilile
(16984 48 Bl
1 NilialM
NIUIlM (at N>
t. MARK 'X1
a. MI-
MM-
b. M>
AM*
X
X
X
X
X
X
a. MAXIMUM
10
'
DAILY VALUE "'
,/'
3.
"I? owe
EFFLUENT
f OjAV VALUE C.LONG TERM
*"
ttMef VAC"e .iN^o. or
4. UNITS 9. INTAKE fufirimluO
a LONG TEttM ,-,_ __
a LONCEN . .« AVERAGE VALUE * N?:?P
-RATION ".MAM (,] - ^ , ^\^
-
FPA Form 3610 2C (Rev 286)
PAGE V-
CONTINUE ON REVERSE
-------
ITEM V B CONTINUED FROM FRONT
1. POLLUT-
ANT AND
CAS NO.
(If wallablt)
|. NIV09»n,
Totfl Organic
(o.N)
h. OH end
Qraaaa
1. Phoaphorut
la PI. Total
(7723- 14-0)
2. MAMK 'X'
a. »t
**
X
X
li .,
AU-
X
I. Radioactivity
111 Alpha,
Total
(21 Bat*.
Total
(3) Radium.
Total
(4) Radium
226. Total
CTsoltata"
In, SI 1.1 1
1 14808 79^2
1. Sultlda
tat S>
"m. Suifita^
(AILV VALUE
88
29
. .. .-. . .
""""HflW
L8ftv VALUK
\
"^WJt
12
W*LUt
39
19
.. ... .
1 NO. 01
ANAL
4
4
--- '
4. UNITS
a. CONCEN-
TRATION
mg/1
II MA&S
lb/d
Ib/d
S. INTAKE (iipliuniill ~*.
AetSTAifi
kVA\MUt
1
NO or
ANAL-
vavft 1
;
, j
....
r\>
i
ro
Co
-------
ro
ro
to
EPA I.D. NUMBER (colly tntm Hem 1 of farm II OUTFALL NUMBCR
CONTINUED FBOM PAGE 3 OF FORM 2 C IL0654 1 001
/ unit Apftiuvutt
OMB No 1O4O OOSli
Aiipiotdlmiuiei 7 31 88
PART C - II you ara a pr imary industry and this ouilall contains process wastewater, refer lo Table 2c-2 in the instructions to determine which ol the GC/MS tractions you must test lor Mark "X" in column 1
2 a lor all such GC/MS tractions that apply to your industry and lor ALL lone metals, cyanides, and total phenols. II you are not required to mark column 1 atsecondaty industries, nonprocm ~*l
H/astawater out/alls, and nonreqwred GC/MS fractions), mark "X" in column 2 b lor each pollutant you know or have reason to believe is present. Mark "X" in column 2-c lor each pollutant you M
believe is absent. II you maik column 2a lor any pollutant, you must provide the results ol at least one analysis lor that pollutant. II you mark column 2b lor any pollutant, you must provide the results
ol at least one analysis lor that pollutant il you know or have reason to believe it will be discharged in concentrations of 10 ppb or greater. If you mark column 2b for acrolam. acrylonitrila. 2.4 -l
dinitrophenol. or 2-melhyl 4. 6 dinitrophenol. you must provide the results of at least one analysis for each of these pollutants which you know 01 have reason to believe that you discharge in
concentrations ol lOOppbor greater. Otherwise, lor pollutants lor which you mark column 2b, you must either submit at least one analysis or briefly describe the reasons the pollutant is enpected to
be discharged. Note that there are 7 pages lo this part; please review each carefully. Complete one table fall 7 pages) lor each ouilall See instructions lor additional details and requirements.
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMBER
(II oMuffablf)
2. MANK -x'
KT.Vflb »
tNU b.l». W KU
**. 1 fH*.-
UUIN 1 k«NT
c »
HBW..L
*
Ml
1. EFFLUENT
a. MAXIMUM OAILV VALUE
METALS. CYANIDE. AND TOTAL PHENOLS
IM. Antimony:
Total (7440-360)
2M. Artenic, Tola!
(744038 31
3M Beryllium.
loial, 7440 41 n
4M. Cailimiiii..
Tolul (744U 4.1 yt
SM. CIllUMtllHII.
'olal (744U 4'/ 111
IM COM*.'. Tolll
7440 SO 81
7M liad. loUl
1743992 1)
HM. Murcury, Total
1743997 6)
9M. Nickel. Toil!
1744002 0)
IOM. S«l«niu.n.
Total 17782 4» 21
MM. Silver. Total
(744022 41
I2M. Thallium.
total |M40 2H 0)
I3M Zinc, lolal
17440666)
I4M. CVIMI.IU,
lolal tb» 12 '->!
IfiM riiiiiuilk.
luinl
UIOXIN
. .1 ; n i i
1 1 fn-i in i.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
(J.U24
U.07
b MAXIMr»^2.?^v VALU"
\.
C.LONO WJUWUf. VALUE
o.oiu
U.03G
d NO. OF
AN AU-
4
4
III S< If MM 1*1 SIM 1 S
4. UNITS
a CONCEN-
TRATION
rng/1
mg/1
U MASS
S. INTAKE (optional 1
a. LONC
AVCH AC
|.| CUHC.~-
TERM
t VALUE
(.1-...
. ... . . .
bNO.tf|>
ANAI>
vsti
1 -Ta,
EPAt«ini3b10.2ClH..« ?«6| |.«<.tv. CONHNUl ON HI VtMSl
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
i. POLLUTANT! 2 MANK *
AND CAS 1 1 r -
NUMBER P .N.!" 1 1. S! Jtutii,
, i iij. 1 **i r>fc. n *
flf UI'UlhlMi J I utilN 1 StNf 1 tkNf
1 aVU 1 1
3. AFFLUENT
«. MAXIMUM OAILV VALUE
|i|
GC/MS FRACTION - VOLATILE COMPOUNDS
IV. Acrolaln
(107038)
2V. Acrylonltrlla
1107-13-1)
3V. Banian*
171 43 21
4V. BIlfCMoro-
melHyll Elhar
(54288-1)
6V. Bromolorm
(76-26-2)
6V. Carbon
Tatrachlorlda
(662351
7V. Chlorobantan*
(10890-7)
8V. Chlorodl
hromoni* thane
(12448 1)
9V. Chloroaihiine
(76003)
10V. 2-Chluro
atliylvinyl Ethar
(110766)
11V. Chloroform
167663)
12V. Dlchloro-
bromomathana
(76-27-4)
13V. Dlchloro-
dlfluoromathana
(76-71-8)
14V. 1.1 Dlchloto
athana (76-34-31
16V. 1.2-Dlchloro
athana (107-06-2)
16V. 1.1-Olchloro
thylcii* (76 35 41
17V. 1.2 Dichloro
propana (78-87-61
16V. 1.3-DicMorg-
proprHnalMJ 7681
10V t thylliaiwmia
[10041 41
^IIV Mirlliyl
Hi .In 1/4 It I'JI
21V M.-H.vl
1 MI.I i.lo 1 /! II ' ll
...
_X_.
K
8
8
.8.
X
X
X
X
X
X.
X
a
.A.
X
X
EPA Form 3510 2C (Rev 2 85)
...
|,|M...
11. MAXIMUM : i>tt,u>*l> ;
.1 1 ONC
AVLIIAG
|l| C.IMCIX-
tM «1IUN
- -.
'lIBM
VALUf
|l) M*f«
1 NO. Ojf
ANAUk.
j/iSf"
'1
ro
i
co
o
-------
ro
co
rPA l.li. NUMBLH (fol'y fntm lli'iii 1 of Forth O
nnfi*4i9i
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMBER
ll/ Ul'UlfatllfJ
2 M AHK 'X'
^'
*..IH
- kU
II. ...It..
t (. V 1 UlLIk W ft 1
I>MI. n .-
*LNt 1 «kNI
.1 .
3. EFFLUENT
«. MAMIMUM C1AILV VAUUt
L1,1 *I !!«...
GC/MS FRACTION - VOLATILE COMPOUNDS M»i(i>iu,-,0
22V. Mathylan.
Chlor Ida (76-09 21
23V. 1.1.2.2-Tetra
chlor oethane
(79345)
24V. Talrachloro-
alhylana (127-18 4)
28V. Toluene
1108883)
26V. 1.2 Tf.nl
Dlchloroathylana
(156606)
27V. 1.1.1-Trl-
chloroathana
(71 5561
28V. 1.1.2-Trl-
chloroelhane
(79006)
29V. TtlchloiO
olhyHni (7901 61
30V. Trlchloro
tluoroinethane
(75694)
31V. Vinyl
Chloride (76 01 41
- -\
.8.
X
X
X
. x
X
X
X
X
x
C/MS FRACTION - ACID COMPOUNDS
A. 2-Chloropheno
18678)
2A. 2,4 Olchloio
phanol (12083 2)
3A. 2.4 Dimethyl
phanol (106 67-91
4A. 4 6-Dlnitro O
Crawl (634-62 1)
5A. 2.4 Olniuo-
phanol (61-28-6)
6A. 2-Nllrophanol
(88 76 61
7 A. 4-NitrOphanol
(10002 7)
8A. P Cliloro M-
C'awl 169 bO 71
!t A I'tlllllM Illlll H
iiin i in' nii '.it
IDA I'lHMiiil
i KUI *is :>i
1 IA V.I.I. Ill
i liluHiiihttiml
i.
_x
_g
. JL
x 4
X
»
X
II. MAXIMUM 10 DAY VALUE
(if available)
lSb
J.Q. 1 /l)i,i/u».i( .-./»'.
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FHONT
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS-
NUMBER
III available!
GC/MS FRACTION
18. Acanaphlhana
(83329)
28. Aeanaphlylana
(20896-81
38. Anthracana
(120-12-7)
48. Banildlna
(92876)
68. Bant o
Anlhracana
(66663)
68. Banio lal
Pyrana (60-32-8)
78. 3.4 Ban/o
fluoranthana
(205 99 2)
8B Banio Iflnl
Parylana
1191 242)
9B. Banio f*J
Fluoranthana
(207089)
108. Bit d-fnluni
tlhn\ yl Mclhana
III 91 1)
IB. Bll (2-CMuru.
Ihyll Elhar
111-44-4)
III Bi«|7 CMorouo-
138. Bit (2-Kthyl-
hiiyll Phlhalata
111741.7)
148. 4 Btomo
phanyl Phanyl
Ethar (101-66-3)
168. Butyl Baniyl
Phlhalata (86-68-71
168. 2-Chloro-
naphihalana
(91 68 7)
178. 4 Chloro
lihanyl Phanyl
Elhar (70057231
188. Chryaana
(21801-9)
198. Dlbanio (a.h)
Anlhracana
163 7031
2011 1.2 Dichlimi
l.oiilaim («B 60 II
31B. 1.3 Olchloro-
-i,
:.v
.:,
..J.U.
-BA
M ANM 'If
Sffhr-
»*! 1 » **f
iE/NEUTRAI
i
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
x_
X
X
X
X
X
X
.1 1 ' I.IJtNT
a. MAXIMUM OAILV VALUE
. COMPOUNDS
-
.
-
EPA Form 3610-2C (Rev 2-8S)
U. MAXIMUM 10 DA V VALUE
\
'
-
C.UONO 'fffjgj^f- VALUE
.
. . .
.
il NO or
ANAL
4 UNItS .
4 TONI'ftN
IHA1ION
-
Il MASS
" '
S INTAKt (. i/.li..
I.ONf
^AlCtJIAfiJ
|,| C..H- -
vVLUt
... !
-
lull
i NO or
ANAL-
. . I
1
PAGE V-« CONTINUE ON PAGE V-7
ro
i
CO
ro
-------
ro
i
Co
co
CONTINUED FROM PAGE V-6
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMBER
fi/ ai>mliibfr)
OC/MS FRACTION
22B. 1.4-Dlchloro
b«ni«n* (106-467
23B. 3.3' Dlchloro
Ixnildln*
(81 94 1)
24B. Ol«thyl
Phlh.l.l.
(84-68-2)
26B. Dlmdhyl
Phthiltt*
(131-11-3)
28B. Dl N- Butyl
PhthlUl*
(84742)
27B. 2.4-Dlnllio-
lolu«n« (121-14 2)
2BB. 2.6-Olnltio
lOlutn* (606 20-2)
29B. Di-N-Octyl
Phthilit*
(117-84-01
30B. 1.2-Olph*nyl-
hydrailn* tot Ato-
b»ni«n«M 122-66-7
11 B. Fluorinttwni
208-44-0)
MB. Fluorcn*
188-73-7)
338. H*ucMoiol»ni*ftt
34B. H«.«
ehlorobut»dl*n*
(87683)
3SB. H»»«chloco
eyclop«nudl«iM
(77-47-4)
36B. H«»»chloco-
th.n. (67-72 1)
37 B. lnd.no
(l.3.3edl Pyrtn*
(183-396)
38B. IWphoron*
(78 69 1)
39B. N6|ihtli»l*n«
(91 203)
401) NHiulittlxuttu
I9U U'J 3)
i in N NIIM*
tnillntullivlnnidtM
(l,v Ih ll)
<1?|l. N NllnmiMi
2 M A II H N '
:«]
iH
U«lc...
Lit WVlJt.1* VfttI
"MI 1 »*MI
EPA I.D. NUMBER fcu|>y from Hem 1 of t'urin l>
IL0654321
i. crri.uL'NT
1. MAXIMUM OAILV
~M r 7;
VALUt
- BASE/NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS (coniinurd'
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
V
.....
. MAXIM^M^l
(I
^
-
lu?(?;Y VAUue
OUTFALL NUMBER
001
I1MII H,i SlUO IMHtt
»/>)in».t/ 1->(""^ ' " 8H
C.LONC T^ftM^
(I
. .
WtC-f VALoe
--
1 NO Ol
ANAL-
- - -
4 UNITS
CONCCN
ll MASS
5 INTAKE fii/ilniilut)
' * LONG
Jmt'lAO
-.. . -
11HM
V ALUL
-
NO.QI
ANAL-
Vt«»
-------
CONTINUED FROM THE FRONT
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMBER
Itl autilalilfl
t. M AHH
lilt t
!«»« ILM Wflu
unm 1 t«Mi
LU 1
«'
L«V.
....
. MAXIMUM DAILY VALUt
(1
\ l\ M* k*
GC/MS FRACTION - BASE/NEUTRAL COMPOUNDS (c.mlmutd;
43B. N-Nltro
odlphMtylimln*
(8630-6)
44B. Ph«nimhr«ni
(6601*)
468. Pyrwi*
(12900-0)
468. 1,2.4 Trl-
chtorotMniMw
(120-62-1)
X
..X .
X.
If
- --
OC/MS FRACTION - PESTICIDES
IP. AWrln
(308-002)
2P. a-BHC
(3198461
3P.fi BHC
(318 86 7)
4P. 7 BHC
(58899)
6P. 6 BHC
(319868)
P. Chlordin*
)7 748)
P. 4.4'-DDT
.102831
8P. 4.4' DOE
(72-66-8)
9P. 4.4'-DOD
(72-64-8)
1OP. DHIdrln
(6067 1 1
IIP. a Endoiull.n
(11B 29 7)
12P. 0-Endoiullin
(116297)
13P. Endotullin
Sull.u
(1031-07 -81
14P. Emlrln
1/2208)
15P~liiilMM
Alilrltyiln
1 /!.' 1 '.I.I
t H * tlOM
TCftM
1 VALUI
""""if
lHU
I'AOL V-tt CONTINUE ON PAGE V 9
ro
i
-------
co
in
[EPA ID NUMBER fi-nfiy from ffi'in / at form II
CONTINUED FROM PAOt V-8 | 110654321
1. POLLUTANT
AND CAS
NUMQER
(i/ iii.uiluMr)
GC/MS FRACTION
E pox Id*
(1024-57-3)
IBP. PCB-1242
(63469-21-9)
IBP. PCB-1264
(110B7-6B-1)
20P. PCB-1221
(1110428-21
21P. PCB-1232
(11141-1661
22P. PCB-1248
(12672296)
23P. PCB-1260
11109*826)
24P. PCB 1016
(12674-11-2)
26P. To««ph«n«
'B001-3B-2I
7 M AIIH *
WIMN I t«M1
^ipEsficib
-
S#t
ft HI
J EMI.ULNT
1. MAXIMUM DAIUV VALUE
(I
ES (conllnumll
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
I.I «.,
li MAXIMUM 10 DAV VALUE
_jjf avaUatilrt
M
...
I.I .....
- i
C.LOI.
OUTFALL NUMBtH
001
IIMH /V.i ^IJ4u IKiao
C TtftM AVRC. VALUE
...... t ''.'.. !...
. . -
I.I M.,.
. ....
1 NO 01
ANAI.
VSH
4. (INIli
< CONl IN
1 RATION
1. MASS
S INTAKE (,.(I/I,MM/, :
4 IONt»TERM
AVtMAft VALUK.
......
I.I -"
> NO.Ol
ANAL^
T*ll .
Hi
PAGE V-»
-------
STANDARD PERMIT CONDITIONS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Role of "boilerplate"
Methods for placing conditions in permits
Type of conditions
STANDARD CONDITIONS IN THE PERMIT
Standard conditions must appear in every NPDES permit.
Standard conditions may be placed in permits verbatim or by
incorporating them by reference.(§122.41)
TYPES OF STANDARD CONDITIONS
' Responsibilities of permittee
Testing procedures
Records retention
Reporting requirements
Penalties for noncompliance .
NOTES:
3-1
-------
RESPONSIBILITIES OF PERMITTEE
Duty to comply
Proper O & M
Duty to mitigate
Need to halt or reduce activity not a defense
Duty to allow inspections/entry
Duty to reapply
Duty to provide information
REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
More fr>e<5iient monitoring
X
24 hour report of endangerment
Changed circumstances
Plant alteration/addition
Changed pollutants/flow/production
Sludge use/disposal method
Anticipated noncompliance
Signatory/certification
Upset/bypass reports
Provide information as needed
3-2
-------
OTHER STANDARD CONDITIONS
Nontransferability
Enforcement penalties
Monitoring and records
Bypass
Upset
Permit actions
Property rights
NOTES:
3-3
-------
3-A
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Identifying Standard Conditions
Applicable to All NPDES Permits
DIRECTIONS;
Listed below are examples of standard conditions that apply to all NPDES permits.
Using the Code of Federal Regulations, look up each standard condition and
provide the proper regulatory citation and a brief description of the permittee's
obligation. (Hint: All standard conditions may be found in 40 CFR $122.41.)
Group A
(1) Duty to Reapply [ S ]
(2) Bypass [ S
(3) Permit Transfers ( S
(4) Twenty-four Hour Reporting [ S
(5) Duty to Mitigate [ S
Group B
(1) Inspection and Entry I S
3-5
-------
(2) Upset [ S
(3) Planned Changes [ S
(4) Permit Actions { S
(5) Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense [ § ]
Group C
(1) Duty to Comply [
(2) Proper Operation and Maintenance [ S ]
(3) Monitoring Reports [
(4) Signatory Requirements [
(5) Monitoring and Records [ S
3-6
-------
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
GUIDELINES-BASED LIMITS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
What an effluent guideline is
How effluent guidelines are developed
What the relationship is between:
Effluent guidelines, SIC codes, industrial categories,
industrial subcategories, and CFR subparts
How to calculate permit limits using an effluent guideline
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
FOR NPDES PERMITS
Develop Water Quality-Based
Limitations
Develop Technology-Based
Limitations
Effluent Guidelines
Best Professional Judgment
Compare Limitations
Apply the Most Stringent
4-1
-------
EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES
Definition
Effluent limitations guidelines are National standards
prescribing allowable discharges of pollutants from
industrial point source categories corresponding to
various levels of treatment or control technologies
(BPT, BCT, BAT, PSES, PSNS and NSPS).
Scope
Guidelines are established for most primary and some
secondary industries.
CWA Section 304(m)
Guidelines may be developed for new or additional
industries, such as:
ouiveiii t ccjcici S
Barrel reclaimers
Tank car/truck cleaners
Industrial laundries
NOTES:
4-2
-------
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Define industry
Collect data
308 questionnaire
Sampling and analysis program
Major regulatory tasks
Subcategorization
Select pollutant parameters
Assess representative treatment technologies
Compute effluent limits
Estimate compliance costs
Select option for guidelines
Produce development documents
Perform economic and environmental impact analysis
Assemble record
Promulgate effluent guidelines
NOTES:
4-3
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 52. No. 214 / Thursday. November 5. 1987 / Rules and Rsaulations 42325
including the 65 -priority" toxic
pollutant! and classes of pollutant*.
Under tht Act tht EPA it required to
establish several different kinds of
effluent limitations guidelines and
standards. They are summarized briefly
below:
1. Best Practicable Control Technolojgy
Currently Available IBPTj
BPT effluent limitations guidelines are
generally based on the average of the
best existing performance by plants of
various sizes, ages, and unit processes
within the category or subcategory for
control of familiar (i.e- conventional)
pollutants.
In establishing BPT effluent
limitations guidelines, EPA considers
the total cost in relation to the effluent
reduction benefits, the age of equipment
and facilities involved, the processes
employed, process changes required.
engineering aspects of the control
technologies, and non-water quality
environmental impacts (including energy
requirements). The Agency considers
the category-wide or subcategory-wide
cost of applying the technology in
relation to the effluent reduction
benefits.
1 Best Available Techno!
Economically Achievable
BAT effluent limitations guidelines, in
subcategory. The Act establishes BAT
as the principal national means of
controlling the direct discharge of toxic
and nonconventional pollutants to
navigable waters.
In establishing BAT. the Agency
considers the age of equipment and
facilities involved, the processes
employed, the engineering aspects of the
control technologies, process changes.
the cost of achieving such effluent
reduction, and non-water quality
environmental impacts.
3. Best Conventional Pollutant Control
Technology (BCT]
The 1977 Amendments to the Gean
Water Act added section 301(b)(2)(E).
establishing "best conventional
pollutant control technology" (BCT) tor
the discharge of conventional pollutants
from existing industrial point sources.
Section 304(a)(4) designated the
following as conventional pollutants:
BOO. TSS. fecal coliform. pH. and any
additional pollutants defined by the
Administrator as conventional. The
Administrator designated oil and grease
a conventional pollutant on July 30. 1S79
(44 FR 44501).
BCT is not an additional limitation but
replaces BAT for the control of
conventional pollutants. BAT remains in
effect for the toxic and nonconventional
pollutants. In addition to other factors
specified in section 304(b|(4)(B). the Act
requires that the BCT effluent
limitations guidelines be assessed in
tight of a two part "cost-
reasonableness" test American Paper
Institute v. EPA. 660 F.2d 954 (4th Or.
1981). The first test compares the cost
for private industry to reduce its
discharge of conventional pollutants
with the cost to publicly owned
treatment works for similar levels of
reduction in their discharge of these
pollutants. The second test examines the
cost-effectiveness of additional
industrial treatment beyond BPT. EPA
must find that limitations an
"reasonable" under both tests before
establishing them as BCT. In no case
may BCT be less stringent than BPT.
EPA has promulgated a methodology
for establishing BCT effluent limitations
guidelines (51 FR 24974. July 8. 1986).
4. New Source Performance Standards
(NSPSI
NSPS are based on the performance of
the best available demonstrated
technology. New plants have the
opportunity to install the best and moat
efficient production processes and
wastewater treatment technologies. As
a result NSPS should represent the most
~-~.T'^ _ ^.. ----enri-ra-- - A** V^»«»^« «**^**MS»W1C
througn the application ol oest available
demonstrated control technology for all
pollutants (toxic conventional and
nonconventional).
5. Pretreatment Standards for Existing
Sources
PSES are designed to prevent the
discharge of pollutants that pass
through, interfere with, or are otherwise
incompatible with the operation of
publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs). The dean Water Act requires
pretreatment standards for pollutants
that pass through POTWs or interfere
with POTWs' treatment processes or
sludge disposal methods. The legislative
history of the 1977 Act indicates that
pretreatment standards are to be
technology-based and analogous to the
BAT effluent limitations guidelines for
removal of toxic pollutants. For the
purpose of determining whether to
promulgate national category-wide
pretreatment standards. EPA generally
determines that there is pass through of
a pollutant and thus a need for
categorical standards if the nation-wide
average percentage of a pollutant
removed by well-operated POTWs
achieving secondary treatment is less
than the percent removed by the BAT
model treatment system. The General
Pretreatment Regulations, which s>.>!
forth the framework for categorical
pretreatment standards, are founo at -u
CFR Part 403. (Those regulations contain
a definition of pass through that
addresses localized rather than national
instances of pass through and does net
use the percent removal comparison :est
described above. See 32 FR 1586.
January 14.1937.)
6. Pretreatment Standards for New
Sources (PSNSl
Like PSES. PSNS are designed to
prevent the discharge of pollutants that
pass through, interfere with, or are
otherwise incompatible with the
operation of a POTW. PSNS are to be
issued at the same time as NSPS. New
indirect dischargers, like new direct
dischargers, have the opportunity to
incorporate in their plant the best
available demonstrated technologies.
The Agency considers the same factor*
in promulgating PSNS as it considers m
promulgating NSPS.
B. Overview of the Industry
The OCPSF industry is large and
diverse, and many plants in the indurry
are highly complex. This industry
manufactures over 25.000 different
organic chemicals, plastics, and
synthetic fibers. However, less than h.i.f
- 01 tnese products are produced in excess
of 1.000 pounds per year. The industry
includes approximately 750 facilities
whose principal or primary production
activities are covered under the OCPSF
SIC groups. There are approximately JCO
other plants which are secondary
producers of OCPSF products, i.e..
OCPSF production is ancillary to their
primary production activities. (As
discussed above in this preamble, this
regulation covers OCPSF discharges
from secondary producers, with certain
exceptions.) Thus the total number of
plants to be regulated totally or in part
by the OCPSF industry regulation is
approximately 1.000. Secondary OCPSF
plants may be part of other chemical
producing industries such as the
petroleum refining, inorganic chemicals.
Pharmaceuticals, and pesticides
industries as well as chemical
formulation industries such as the
adhesives and sealants, the paint and
ink. and the plastics molding and
forming industries.
Some plants produce chemicals in
large volumes while others produce only
small volumes of "specialty" chemicals.
Large volume production tends to use
continuous processes. Continuous
processes are generally more efficient
than batch processes in minimizing
4-4
-------
GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
Contractor
Studies
i
*
»
Technical Data
Development
Economic Impact
Analysis
Environmental
Impact Assessment
Regulatory Impact
Analysis
*i
»J
Promulgation
of Final
Regulations
Treatment
Options
Final
Development
Document
Internal
Review
Internal
Review
Proposed
Regulations
Public
Comment
-------
CONSIDERATIONS INVOLVED IN USE OF EFFLUENT
GUIDELINES
Determination of proper category and subcategory
Proper use of applicable guidelines to the category or subcategory
Classification of plants which fall under more than one subcategory
Determination of appropriate measures of production or flow
Use of alternative limits
Application of mass vs. concentration limitations
NOTES:
4-6
-------
Page No.
03/26/91
1972/
1977
SIC
Code
211
212
213
213
214
214
219
241
241
Bl
252
253
254
259
259
271
272
279
279
291
721
721
F1
921
1987
SIC 1987
Code Title
211 BEEF CATTLE FEEDLOTS
212 BEEF CATTLE, EXCEPT FEEDLOTS
213 HOGS
213 HOGS
214 SHEEP AND GOATS
214 SHEEP AND GOATS
219 GENERAL LIVESTOCK, NEC
241 DAIRY FARMS
241 DAIRY FARMS
251 BROILER, FRYER AND ROASTER
CHICKENS
252 CHICKEN EGGS
253 TURKEY AND TURKEY EGGS
254 POULTRY HATCHERIES
259 POULTRY AND EGGS, NEC
259 POULTRY AND EGGS, NEC
271 FUR-BEARING ANIMALS AND
RABBITS
272 HORSES AND OTHER EQUINES
273 ANIMAL AOUACULTURE
279 ANIMAL SPECIALTIES, NEC
291 GENERAL FARMS, PRIMARILY
LIVESTOCK
721 CROP PLANTING & PROTECTION
721 CROP PLANTING & PROTECTION
291 GENERAL FARMS, PRIMARILY
LIVESTOCK
921 FISH HATCHERIES AND PRESERVES
Ti
CFR EGO
Part Code
412 A
NR
412 A
NR
412 A
NR
NR
412 A
NR
412 A
412 A
412 A
NR
412 B
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
SIC Code Cross Reference
and Comparison of New
Toxicity Nuifcers with Old Values
Sub-title
All Feedlots Except Ducks
Beef Cattle not in Feedlots
All Feedlots Except Ducks
Hogs not in Feedlots
All Feedlots except Ducks
Sheep and Goats not in
Feedlots
General Livestock Farms
All Feedlots Except Ducks
DAIRY CATTLE NOT CONFINED
All Feedlots Except Ducks
All Feedlots Except Ducks
All Feedlots Except Ducks
Hatcheries Without Poultry
Feeding
Ducks
Other Poultry Farms
Old New Toxicity
Tox. No. Toxicity No. Number
(converted) Reference
Crop Ousting & Spraying
Crop Planting/Cultivation
4-7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-------
Page No. 2
03/26/91
1972/
1977 1987
SIC SIC
Code Code
1987
Title
SIC Code Cross Reference
and Comparison of Hew
Toxicity Nurtters with Old Values
CFR EGD
Part Code
Sub-title
Old New Toxicity
Tox. No. Toxicity No. Number
(converted) Reference
1011 1011 IRON ORES 440 A
1021 1021 COPPER ORES 440 J
1031 1031 LEAD AND ZINC ORES 440 J
1041 1041 GOLD ORES 440 J
1041 1041 GOLD ORES 440 N
1044 1044 SILVER ORES 440 J
1051 1099 METAL ORES, NEC 440 B
1061 1061 FERROALLOY ORES. EXCEPT 440 F
VANADIUM
1061 1061 FERROALLOY ORES, EXCEPT 440 G
1061 1061 FERROALLOY ORES. EXCEPT 440 J
VANADIUM
1061 1061 FERROALLOY ORES, EXCEPT NR
VANADIUM
1081 1081 METAL MINING SERVICES NR
1092 1099 METAL ORES, NEC 440 D
1094 1094 URANIUM-RADIUM-VANADIUM ORES 440 C
1094 1094 URANIUM-RADIUM-VANADIUM ORES 440 N
1099 1099 METAL ORES. NEC ; 440 E
1099 1099 METAL ORES, NEC 440 I
1099 1099 METAL ORES, NEC 440 K
1099 1099 METAL ORES. NEC NR
1111 1231 ANTHRACITE MINING 434 B
1111 1231 ANTHRACITE MINING 434 C
1111 1231 ANTHRACITE MINING 434 D
1111 1231 ANTHRACITE MINING 434 E
Iron Ore
Cu, Pb, Zn, Afl, Au, Mo Ores
Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, Mo Ores
Cu. Pb, Zn, Ag. Au, Mo Ores
Gold Placer Mines
Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag. Au. Mo Ores
Aluminum Ore
Tungsten Ore
Nickel Ores
Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, Mo Ores
Ferroalloy Ores, NEC
ExpIoralion/DeveIopment
Mercury Ores
Uranium-Radium-Vanadium Ores
Vanadium Ore
Titanium Ores
Antimony Ore
Platinum Ores
Metal Ore, NEC
Coal Preparation Plants
Acid or Ferruginous Mine
Drainage
Alkaline Nine Drainage
Post Mining Areas
4-S
7
10
10
10
s
10
10
6
8
7
8
8
8
9
8
4
8
8
8
6
5
5
5
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
-------
Federal Register / Vol 52. No. 214 / Thursday. November S. 1987 / Rules and Regulations
XIIL Variances and Modifications
Once the OCPSF regulation is in
effect, the numerical effluent limitation*
for the appropriate lubcategory must b«
applied in all Federal and Slata NPDES
permiU thereafter issued to OCPSF
direct dischargers. The pretreatment
standards are directly applicable to
indirect dischargers and become
effective as discussed in 8 414.12 of the
regulation.
For the BPT effluent limitations, the
only exception to the limitations
contained in the regulation is EPA's
"fundamentally different factors"
variance. See £ /. duPont de Nemours
and Co. v. Train. 430 U.S. 112 (1977):
Weyerhaeuser Co. v. Costle, supra. This
variance recognizes factors concerning a
particular discharger that are
fundamentally different from the factors
considered in this rulemaking. However.
the economic ability of the individual
operator to meet the compliance cost for
BPT standards is not a consideration for
granting a variance. See National
Crushed Stone Association v. EPA. 449
U.S. 84 (1960). Although this variance
clause was originally set forth in EPA's
1973-1976 categorical industry
regulations, it is now included in the
general NPDES regulations and will not
be included in the OCPSF or other
specific industry regulations. See 40 CFR
Part 125. Subpart O.
The BAT limitations in this regulation
also are subject to'EPA's
"fundamentally different factors'*
variance. However, section 308 of the
Water Quality Act of 1987 added a new
section 3Ol(n) to the Act which
somewhat limits the availability of FDF
variances from BAT effluent limitations
guidelines. An FDF application must be
based solely on information and
supporting data submitted to EPA during
the rulemaking establishing the
limitations that discussed the
fundamentally different factors, or on
information and supporting data that the
applicant did not have a reasonable
opportunity .to submit during the
rulemaking. The alternative requirement
must be no less stringent than justified
by the fundamental difference and must
'not result in markedly more adverse
non-water quality environmental
impacts than those considered by EPA
in establishing the guideline.
Indirect dischargers subject to PSES
are also eligible for the "fundamentally
'different factors" variance. See 40 CFR
403.13. They are subject to essentially
the same new statutory provisions for
FDF variances as discussed above for
BAT.
Readers should note that EPA has not
yet amended its FDF variance regulation
to conform to the provision* of the
Water Quality Act of 1987. The
regulation promulgated today refers to
the existing regulatory sections.
However. EPA recognizes that the new
section 301(n) of the Act overrides the
existing FDF regulation to the extent of
any inconsistency, and EPA does intend
to modify the FDF regulation to conform
to the new statutory requirements.
. Indirect dischargers subject to PSES
and PSNS are eligible for credits for
toxic pollutants removed by a POTW.
See section 307(b) of the CWA and 40
CFR 403.7. The removal credits
regulation was remanded to EPA in
Natural Resources Defense Council v.
EPA. 790 F.2d 289 (3rd Cir. 1986). The
court held that some of the means by
which EPA considered local POTW
removal efficiencies were not
sufficiently stringent and that credits for
POTW removals may not be authorized
until comprehensive regulations for the
use and disposal of sludge are
promulgated under section 40S(d) of the
CWA. However, it should be noted that
pretreatment standards for the OCPSF
industry, like other categorical
pretreatment standards, have been
promulgated based upon the
assumptions that indirect dischargers
will be required to comply with the
standards without removal credits, and
thus that they are subject to the full
costs of complying with PSES.
XTV. Implementation of Limitations and
Standards
A. Flow Basis
The limitations promulgated today are
concentration-based and thus do not
regulate flow. The permit writer must
use a reasonable estimate of process
wastewater flows and the concentration
limitations to develop mass limitations
for the NPDES permit Process
wastewater discharge is defined in the
regulation (40 CFR 401.11) to include
wastewaters resulting from manufacture
of OCPSF products that come in direct
contact with raw materials, intermediate
products, or final products, and surface
runoff from the immediate process area
that has the potential to become
contaminated. Noncontact cooling
waters, utility wastewaters. general site
surface runoff, ground waters, and other
nonprocess waters generated on site are
specifically excluded from the definition
of process wastewater discharges. In
cases where the process wastewater
flow claimed by industry may be
excessive, the permit writer may
develop a more appropriate process
wastewater flow for use in computing
the mass effluent or internal plant
limitations. The following items should
be considered in developing the more
appropriate process wastewater flow:
1. A review of the component flows to
insure that the claimed flows are. in
fact process wastewater flows as
defined by the regulation:
2. A review of plant operations to
insure that sound water conservation
practices are being followed. Examples
are: minimization of process water uses:
cascading or countercurrent washes or
rinses, where possible: reuse or recycle
of intermediate process waters or
treated wastewaters at the process area
and in wastewater treatment operations
(pump seals, equipment and area
washdowns. etc.).
3. A review of barometric condenser
use at the process level Often.
barometric condensers will generate
relatively large volumes of water
contaminated at low levels.
Replacement of baromettic condensers
with surface condensers can reduce
wastewater volumes significantly and
result in collection of condensates that
may be returned to the process.
The final NPDES permit limitations
will be the sum of the mass effluent
limitations derived as described above
and any mass effluent limitations
developed on a case-by-case basis 'using
best professional judgment by the
permit writer to take into account
nonprocess wastewater discharges.
B. Relationship to NPDES Permits
The BPT and BAT limitations and
NSPS in this regulation will be applied
to individual OCPSF plants through
NPDES permits issued by EPA or
approved state agencies under section
402 of the Act As discussed in the
preceding section of this preamble, these
limitations must be applied in all new.
modified and reissued Federal and State
NPDES permits except to the extent that
variances are expressly authorized.
Other aspects of the interaction between
these limitations and NPDES permits are
discussed below.
One subject that has received
different judicial rulings is the scope of
NPDES permit proceedings when
effluent limitations and standards do not
exist. Under current EPA regulations.
States and EPA regions that issue
NPDES permits before regulations are
promulgated must establish effluent
limitations on a case-by-case basis. This
regulation provides a technical and legal
base for new or modified or reissued
permits.
One issue that warrants consideration
is the effect of this regulation on the
powers of NPDES permit-issuing
authorities. EPA hat developed the
limitations and standards in this
4-9
-------
Federal Register / Vol. 52. No. 214 / Thursday. November 5. 1987 / Rules and Regulations
42581
concentrations listed above in § 414.85
for the metal pollutants times the flow
from metal-bearing waste streams for
metals and times the flow from cyanide-
bearing waste streams for total cyanide.
The metal-bearing waste streams and
cyanide-bearing waste streams are
defined as those waste streams listed in
Appendix A of this part plu,s any
additional process wastewater streams
identified by the control authority on a
case-by-case basis as metal or cyanide
bearing based upon a determination
(1) That such streams contain
significant amounts of the pollutants
identified above and that
(2) The combination of such streams.
prior to treatment with the Appendix A
waste streams will result in substantial
reduction of these pollutants.
This determination must be based upon
a review of relevant engineering.
production, and sampling and analysis
information.
Subpart IDirect Discharge Point
Sources That Use End-of-PIpe
Biological Treatment
f 414.90 Applicability; description of the
aubeategory of direct discharge point
aourcea that use end-of-plpe biological
treatment
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to the process wastewater
discharges resulting from the
manufacture of the OCPSF oroducts and
?rc:: srci:;:: ~::r.;a 2y : '.:'..:* from
any point source that uses end-bf-pipe
biological treatment or installs end-of-
pipe biological treatment to comply with
BPT effluent limitations.
§414.91 Toxic pollutant effluent
limitation* and standards for direct
. discharge point source* that use end-of-
pipe biological treatment
(a) Any point source subject to this
subpart must achieve discharges not
exceeding the quantity (mass)
determined by multiplying the process
wastewater flow subject to this subpart
times the concentrations in the following
table.
(b) In the case of chromium, copper.
lead, nickel, zinc and total cyanide, the
discharge quantity (mass) shall be
determined by multiplying the
concentrations listed in the following
table for these pollutants times the flow
from metal-bearing waste streams for
the metals and times the flow from
cyanide-bearing waste streams for total
cyanide. Metal-bearing waste streams
and cyanide-bearing waste streams are
defined as those waste streams listed in
Appendix A of this part, plus any
additional process wastewater streams
identified by the permitting authority on
a case-by-case basis as metal or cyanide
bearing based upon a determination
(1) That such streams contain
significant amounts of the pollutants
identified above and that
(2) The combination of such streams.
prior to treatment with the Appendix A
waste streams will result in substantial
reduction of these pollutants.
This determination must be based
upon a review of relevant engineering.
production, and sampling and analysis
information.
Effluent
characteristica
Acenaphihene
AeryVwiHril*
1.2.4.
TritfthiVtn^MMejaMA
1.1.1-TricNoroettun*..
Chtofoeqw*....
Chloroform
^-wv^tewfvuaftZOnC...
1 . 1 -Otchloroethytene ...
1.2 -trans-
Oictiloroethytene
1 ,2-Oicfikxopropane ....
1.3-
2.4-OinftrotokMfM
2.6-OMrotoluer*
Ethytbanzen*
FrUOfeVlthOfM
Bis<2-
Chkyoisopropyl)
ether
Metnyiene Chlonoe
Methyl Chloride
Hexachtarobutadiene..
Naphthalene
Nitrobenzene
2-Nitrophenol _
4-Nitropnenol
Effluent bnrtations
BAT and NSPS '
Maximum
for any
one day
59
242
136
38
28
140
28
211
54
54
59
54
268
48
9»
153
44
28
25
54
112
.230
44
36
285
! 641
108
68
757
89
190
49
' 59
.! 68
69
\ 124
Maximum
for
MkMMttaiu
rnomniy
average
22
96
37
18
IS
68
15
68
21
21
22
21
'04
21
11
,77
31
15
16
21
39
153
29
18
113
255
32
25
301
40
86
20
22
27
41
72
2.4-Oinitrophenol 123
4.6-Orrutro-O-cr.esol J 277
Phenol J 26
Bis(2-«thylnexyl) ]
phthalate ' 279
Di-n-butyl phthalate j 57
Diethyl phthalate ! 203
Dtmetnyl phthalate 47
Benzo(a)amhracene ....t 59
Benzo(a)pyrene ; 61
Effluent limrta twos
BAT and NSPS
Effluent
characteristics
Maximum
Benzofluoranthene J
Benzo(k)fluoranthen« ..
Ch/vsene J
Acenaphthyiene
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
ToH>Qf^
Total Chromium.
Total Cyanide -----
Total N*r4rfM
61
59!
59.
59
59
59
59
67
56
80
54
268
2.770
3.380
1.200
690
3.980
2.610
23
22
22
22
22
22
22
25
22
26
21
104
1.110
1.450
420
320
1.690
1.C50
71
78
15
103
27
61
19
22
23
1 AH units are micrograms per liter.
Total Zinc for Rayon Fiber Manufacture
that uses the viscose process and Acryuc
Tiber Manufacture that uses the zmc chlonoe/
solvent process ia 6.796 nq'l and 3.325 ng/l
for maximum for any one day and maximum
for monthly average, respectively..
Subpart JDirect Discharge) Point
Sources That Do Not Use End-of-PIpe
Biological Treatment
5 414.100 AppBcaofltty, description of the
subcategory of direct dlacharge point
sources that do not use end-of-plpe
biological treatment
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to the process wastewater .
discharges resulting from the
manufacture of the OCPSF products and
product groups defined by S 414.11 from
any point source that does not use end-
of-pipe biological treatment and does
not install end-of-pipe biological
treatment to comply with BPT effluent
limitations.
§414.101 Toxic pollutant effluent
limitations and standards for direct
discharge point sources that do not use
end-of-pipe biological treatment
(a) Any point source subject to this
subpart must achieve discharges not
exceeding the quantity (mass)
determined by multiplying the process
wastewater flow subject to this subpart
times the concentrations in the following
table.
(b) In the case of chromium, copper.
lead, nickel, zinc, and total cyanide, the
discharge quantity (mass) shall be
determined by multiplying the
concentrations listed in the following
table for these pollutants times the Row
4-10
-------
Example of Flow-Based Effluent Guideline Calculations (Daily Maximum)
Organic Chemicals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers
40 CFR Parts 414 & 416
Reported
Maximum
Component . Flow (MGD)
Ground Water 0.60
Process Wastewater 2.40 *
Cooling Towers 0.30
Total: . 3.30
BAT Calculation for Nitrobenzene:
68 ug/L * 2.40 MGD * 8.345 * 0.001 mg/ug = 1.3620 Ibs/day
BAT Calculation for Lead:
690 ug/L * 1.10 MGD * 8.345 * 0.001 mg/ug = 6.3339 Ibs/day
* 1.1 MGD of this flow consists of metal-bearing waste streams.
4-11
-------
Federal Register / VoL 50. No. 183 / Friday. September 20. 1988 / Rales and Regulations 3^345
42U02 Effluent UmitartoB* guidelines
representing the degree of effluent
reduction attainable by KM application of
itM bast practicable control technology
currently available.
42L3O3 Effluent limitation* guideline*
>apn«enting the degree of effluent
reduction ettainable by the application of
ItM beet available technology
limmtlinlrilry achievable.
42U04 SUaderda of performance far new
42L30S Pretreetment atandarda tor existing
rcn.
PretreetmcBl staadarda Car new
42U07 (Reeenredl.
tuopsrtAC Secondary Tungeten and
42L310 AjpttcaMlltrdeecriptionoftbe
secondary tungsten and cobalt
ubcategory.
421.311 ap^uu* ^*-
-------
38346 Federal Register / Vol. 50. No. 183 / Friday. September 20. 1985 / Rules and Regulations
BAT UMTATON8 FOR THE PRIMARY AMTIMONV
SuaCATEOORV
JO. (SO
21.720
1344
OJ37
(c) Cathode Antimony Wain Water "
BAT LIMITATIONS KM TMK PRIMARY AMTIMONV
SUaCATEOONY
U10
43.430
tut
2*470
1«J70
1.S7S
1421.144 Standard* of performance tor
Any new source subject to this
subpait shall achieve the following new
source performance standards:
(a) Sodtam Antimonate Autoclave
Wastewater.
NSPS FOM THE PRIMARY ANTIMONY
SuaCATEOORY
(erenrl
30.190
21.720
1344
13.440
OJ07
isrjsi
n
> MMMi « nngt of 73 0 10.0 « « !«.
(b) Fouled Anolyte.
NSPS FOR THE PRIMARY ANTIMONY
SUBCATEOORY
NSPS FOM TMC PRIMARY ANTIMONY
StnCATEOORV
«r
U10
43.430
mr
M.IOO
O
turn
lt-370
1.OTS
37UOO
«»
mm *e <»*» of 7.3 too «
1421.148 [
{421.144
*o)s for new
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7.
any new source subject to this subpart
which introduces pollutants into a
publicly owned treatment works must
comply with 40 CFR Part 403 and
achieve the following pretreatment
standards for new sources. The mass of
wastewater pollutants in primary
antimony process wastewater
Introduced into a POTW shall not
exceed the following values:
(a) Sodium Antimonate Autoclave
Wastewater.
PSNS FOM THE PRJMAMV ANTMONV
SueCATEOOMY
30.180
21.720
1344
13.440
MW
OJ87
(b) Fouled Anolyte.
PSNS POM THC PRMARY ANTIMONY
SueCATEOOMV
A 7.S ID 10.0 « w Hue*.
(c) Cathode Antimony Wash Water.
PSNS FOR THE PRIMARY AMTIMONV
SuaCATEGORV
4n.nw.iorl
"»'«» j
OJ10
43.4M
' 4.M7
2U70
H370
f 421.147 (
Prhnafy BerytUum
I421.1SO ApeHeaMHtr'desertption of ttw
prtHiary befyMuni antic iteojocy .
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges resulting from
the production of beryllium by primary
beryllium facilities processing beryllium
ore concentrates or beryllium hydroxide
raw materials.
1421.181 Speciateed oeflnreona.
For the purpose of this subpart the
general definitions, abbreviations and
methods of analysis set forth in 40 CFR
401 shall apply to this subpart.
1421.182 effluent mKattOfw eukMbws
ttM dtQrat of fflucnt
tavn4iDM* Dy VM ppUcstlon of
the beet practicable control technology .
currently avariaole.
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32. any existing point source
subject to this subpart shall achieve the
following effluent limitations
representing the degree of effluent
reduction attainable by the application
of the best practicable technology >
currently available:
(a) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from
Bertrandite Ore.
BPT IjMfTATIONS FOR TMC PRIMARY
BEMYUJUM SuaCATEOORY
imnt-
(c) Cathode Antimony Washwater. ^|J
2.763.000 1.239.000
9aajoo 404300
4.267000 U46.000
S1.300 269500
299.400MO 131.aOO.000
78.610.000 I 44.700.0OO
92MO.OOO | 43.600.000
(1 < (1
vwetn me rcnoj* oi 7 s « 10.0 « M
(b) Solvent Extraction Raffinate from
Beryl Ore.
4-13
-------
Example of Production-Based Effluent Guideline Calculations (Daily Maximum)
Non-Ferrous Metals Manufacturing
40 CFR Part 421
Assume production of 4.7 million Ibs/day of sodium antimonate.
Assume production of 2.1 million Ibs/day of antimony metal by electrowinning
BPT Calculation for Mercury:
a) Sodium Antimonate Autoclave Wastewater
4.7 million Ibs/day * 3.906 Ibs/million Ibs =
b) Fouled Anolyte
2.1 million Ibs/day * 3.906 Ibs/million Ibs =
c) Cathode Antimony Wash Water
2.1 million Ibs/day * 7.812 Ibs/million Ibs =
18.3582 Ibs/day
8.2026 Ibs/day
16.4052 Ibs/day
Total effluent limit for mercury:
42.966 Ibs/day
BAT Calculation for Mercury:
a) Sodium Antimonate Autoclave Wastewater
4.7 million Ibs/day * 2.344 Ibs/million Ibs =
b) Fouled Anolyte
2.1 million Ibs/day * 2.344 Ibs/million Ibs =
c) Cathode Antimony Wash Water
2.1 million Ibs/day * 4.687 Ibs/million Ibs =
Total effluent limit for mercury:
11.0168 Ibs/day
4.9224 Ibs/day
9.8427 Ibs/day
25.7819 Ibs/day
4-14
-------
TECHNOLOGY-BASED REQUIREMENTS
OF THE CLEAN WATER ACT
POLLUTANT "
CATEGORY
Conventional
Conventional
Non-conventional
Non-conventional
Toxic
Toxic
LEVEL OF
TREATMENT
BPT
BCT
BPT
BAT
BPT
BAT
COMPLIANCE
DEADLINE
July 1, 1977
March 31, 1989
July 1,1977
March 31, 1989
July 1, 1977
March 31, 1989
NOTES:
4-15
-------
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
AVAILABILITY
REPORT
-p.
1-*
Ol
ul
(9
JANUARY 1991
-------
INSTRUCTIONS
This report provides a list of the technical publications and studies applicable to the national industrial
effluent discharge rutemaking activities which are currently available fo review and distribution as follows:
* '
* All publications are made available for review and Inspection at the following:
I. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Public Information Center
Waterside Malt, S.E., Garage Level
401 M. St., S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Phone Number: 646-6410 (local), or 800-828-4445 (toll free)
2. Any EPA Regional Office Library (Attachment C)
i . i
^ ° Publications can be purchased by submitting your request to the following:
NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE (NT1S)
52H5 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Order Desk Phone Number: (703) 487-4650
Note: NTIS Accession Number Is required when ordering
Additionally, theV Industrial Technology Division projects and contacts for techndat assistance «are listed on
Attachment 8. Requests for further program assistance, questions concerning the availabllty of publications,
or inquiries about the status of rutemaking activities, may be directed to:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Industrial Technology Division (MM 552)
Attn: Distribution Section ;
401 M. St.. S.W.
Washington, O.C.
Phone Number: (202) 382-7113
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.£. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
'
ALUMINUM 467
FORMING
ASBESTOS 427
MANUFACTURING
i
i »
CD
AUTO AND 444
OTHER
LAUNDRIES
BATTERY 461
MANUFACTURING
\
SUBCATEQORY
Aluminum Forming
(Final)
Building, Construction
and Paper (Final)
Textile, Friction
Materials & Sealing
Devices (Final)
Auto and Other
Laundries (Guidance)
Battery Manufacturing
(Proposed)
Battery Manufacturing
(Final)
(PA
( UBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
i PA 440/1 -84/073
Volume 1
Volume II
EPA 440/1 -74/01 7-a
EPA 440/1 -74/035-a
EPA 440/1 -82/067-b
EPA 440/1 -84/067
\ Volume 1
Volume II
NTIS GPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
PB84244425
PB84244433
PB238320/AS 5501-00827
PB240860/AS
*
PB83 197921
PB85121607
PB85121515
Battery Manufacturing
Pretreatment
Standards (Guidance)
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
10
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
BUILDERS PAPER 431
& BOARD MILLS
CANNED & 407
PRESERVED FRUITS
& VEGETABLES
CANNED & 408
PRESERVED SEAFOOD
PROCESSING
SUBCATEQORY
Builders Paper &
Roofing Felt Segment
Board & Builders'
Paper & Board Mills
(Proposed)
Pulp, Paper & Paper-
Board and Builders'
Paper & Board Mills
(Final)
Apple, Citrus & Potato
Processing
Fruits, Vegetables
& Specialties
(Interim Final)
Catfish, Crab, Shrimp &
Tuna (Final)
Fishmeal, Salmon, Bottom
EPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/026-a
EPA 440/1 -80/025-b
EPA 440/1 -82/025
EPA 440/1 -74/027-a
EPA 440/1 -75/046
\
\
EPA 440/1 -74/020-a
EPA 440/1 -75/04,1 -a
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB238076
PB81201535
PB831 63949
PB238649
PB238614
PB256840
GPO
STOCK
NUMBER
5501-00909
5501-00790
5501-00920
Fish, Sardine, Herring,
Clam, Oyster, Scallop, &
Abalone (Final)
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.&. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
ro
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
CANNED & 408
PRESERVED SEAFOOD
PROCESSING
(Continued)
CARBON BLACK 458
CEMENT 411
MANUFACTURING
COAL MINING 434
COIL COATING 465
CONCRETE 452
PRODUCTS
SUBCATEQORY
Report to Congress,
Section 74 Seafood
Processing Executive
Summary
Carbon Black
Manufacturing
(Interim Final)
Cement Manufacturing
(Final)
Coal Mining (Proposed)
Coal Mining (Final)
Coil Coating, Phase 1
(Final)
Coil Coating, Phase II-
Canmaking (Proposal)
Coil Coating, Phase II*
Canmaking (Final)
Concrete Products
(Guidance)
E»A
f- JBLICATION
IDCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -80/020-a
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III -
EPA 440/1 -76/060h
EPA 440/1 -74/005-a
EPA440/1-81/057-D
EPA 440/1 -82/057
EPA 440/1 -82/071
\
\
EPA 440/1 -83/07 1-b
E.'A 440/1 -83/071
EPA 440/1 -78/090
NTIS QPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
/
PB81 182362
PB81 182370
PB81 182388
PB238610/AS 5501-00866
PB81 229296
PB831 80422
PB83205542
PB831 98598
PB841 98647
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
CFR
PART
NUMBER
SUBCATEQORY
EPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
COOLING WATER 402
INTAKE STRUCTURES
DOMESTIC SEWAGE
STUDY -
Hazardous Wastes
Best Technology Available EPA 440/1 -76/015-a
for the Location Design
Construction & Capacity
of Cooling Water Intake
Structures for Minimizing
Adverse Environmental
Impact (Final)
PB253573/AS
COPPER
FORMING
DAIRY PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
468
405
Copper (Final)
Dairy Products Processing
(Final)
EPA 440/1 -84/074
EPA 440/1 -74/021 -a
PB841924S9
PB238835/AS
»»
5501-00898
Report to Congress on
the Discharge of
Hazardous Wastes to
Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (Report)
EPA 530-SW-86-004
PB86184017/AS
DRUM
RECONDITIONING
INDUSTRY
Drum Reconditioning
EPA 440/1-89/101
PB90126491
ELECTRICAL
& ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
469
Electrical & Electronic
Components Phase I
(Final)
Electrical & Electronic
Components Phase II
(Final)
EPA 440/1-83/075-b
EPA 440/1 -84/075-b
PB83199208
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL (J.I. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued) '
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
ro
ro
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
ELECTROPLATING 413
& METAL FINISHING & 433
ETHANOL FOR 472
FUEL
(SYNFUELS)
SUBCATEQORY
Copper, Nickel, Chrome
& Zinc (Final)
Electroplating
Pretreatment (Rnal)
Metal Finishing
(Proposed)
Metal Finishing
(Final)
Electroplating and
Metal Finishing
Pretreatment
(Guidance)
Multimedia Technical
Support Document for
Ethanol for Fuel
EPA
f OBLIGATION
fc QCUMENT NUMBER
£9^440/1-74/003-8
EPA 440/1 -79/003
EPA 440/1 -82/09 1-b
EPA 440/1 -83/091
EPA 440/1 -84/091 -g
EPA 440/1 -86/093
NTIS QPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
PB238834/AS 5501-00816
PB801 96488
PB831 02004
PB841 15989
PB86177557/AS
Industry (Guidance)
Low BTU Gasifier
Wastewater (1986)
(Guidance)
Low BTU Coal Gasification
(Guidance)
PB86245438/AS
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
I
ro
co
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
EXPLOSIVES
FEEDLOTS
FERROALLOY
MANUFACTURING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
457
412
424
SUBCATEQORY
Explosives Manufacturing
(Interim Final)
Feedlots (Final)
Smelting & Slag
Calcium Carbide
(Interim Final)
Electrolytic Ferroalloys
(Interim Final)
EPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -76/060-j
EPA 440/1 -74/004-a
IPA 440/1 -74/008-a
EPA 440/1 -75/038
EPA 440/1 -75/038-a
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
...
PB238651/AS
PB238650/AS
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
t
**
5501-00842
5501-00780
FERTILIZER 418
MANUFACTURING
Basic Fertilizer
Chemicals (Final)
Formulated
EPA 440/1 -74/011 -a
EPA 440/1 -75/042-a
PB238652/AS
PB240863/AS
5501-00969
5501-01006
Fertilizer (Final)
Summary Report
Phosphate Fertilizer
Subcategory of
Fertilizer Point Source
(40 CFR 418)
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
GLASS 426
MANUFACTURING
GRAIN MILLS 406
,
GUM & WOOD 454
CHEMICALS
MANUFACTURING
HAZARDOUS WASTE
TREATMENT
INDUSTRY
SUBCATEQORY
Pressed & Blown
Glass (Interim Final)
Insulation
Fiberglass (Final)
Flat Glass (Final)
Grain Processing
(Final)
Animal Feed,
Breakfast Cereal
& Wheat Starch
(Final)
Corn Wet Milling
Gum and Wood
Chemicals
(Interim Final)
Hazardous Waste
Treatment
EPA
r OBLIGATION
L OCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -75/034-a
EPA 440/1 -74/001 -b
EPA 440/1 -74/001 -c
EPA. 440/1 -74/028-a
EPA 440/1 -74/039-a
EPA 440/1 -75/028-b
\EPA 440/1 -76/060-b
EPA 440/1 -89/1 00
NTIS QPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
PB256854/AS 5501-01036
PB238078/AS 5501-00781
PB238907 5501-00814
PB238316/AS 5501-00844
PB240861/AS 5501-01007
PB90126517
HOSPITALS
460
Hospitals
(Interim Final)
EPA 440/1 -76/060-N
PB87192670
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
ro
en
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
INDUSTRIAL
LAUNDRIES
INK FORMULATING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
***
447
SUBCATEGORY
Industrial Laundries
Oil Base Solvent
Wash Subcategories
(Interim Final)
Ink Formulating
(Proposal)
EPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -89/1 03
EPA 440/1 -75/049
EPA 440/1 -79/090-b
NTIS QPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
i
PB901 26541
PB81178188
INORGANIC
CHEMICALS
MANUFACTURING
415
Major Inorganic
Chemical Products
(Final)
Inorganic
Chemicals Manufac-
turing Phase II
(Proposed)
Inorganic
Chemicals (Treat-
ability Study)
Inorganic
Chemicals Phase I
(Final)
Inorganic
Chemicals Phase II
(Final)
6PA 440/1-74/007-a
EPA 440/1-80/007-b
PB238611
PB81122632
EPA 440/1-80/103
EPA 440/1-82/007
EPA 440/1-84/007
PB82265612
PB85156446/XAB
5502-00121
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OP AVAILABILITY
-p»
cr>
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER SUBCATEQORY
IRON & STEEL 420 Steel Making
MANUFACTURING
Iron & Steel
(Proposed)
Iron & Steel (Final)
-
EPA
If OBLIGATION
t OCUMENT NUMBER
IPA440/1-74/024-8
KPA 440/1 -80/024-b
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Volume VI
(Set of Volumes I thru VI)
tPA 440/1 -82/024
Volume 1
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
\ Volume VI
' ('Set of Volumes I-VI)
NTIS QPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
PB238837 5501-00906
»»
PB81 184392
PB81 184400
PB81184418
PB81 184426
PB81 184434
PB81 184442
PB81184384*
....
PB82240425
PB82240433
PB82240441
PB82240458
PB82240466
PB82240474
PB82240417*
Pretreatment Steel
Manufacturing Point
Source
-------
I
ro
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
LEATHER TANNING 425
SUBCATEQORY
Leather Tanning &
Finishing (Final)
Leather Tanning (Rnal)
Leather Tanning and
Finishing (Supplemental
Final)
Leather Tanning and
Finishing (Guidance)
EPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/01 6-a
EPA 440/1 -82/01 6
EPA 440/1 -88/01 6-s
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB238079
PB83 172593
PB88213541
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
5501-00818
»*
MACHINERY
MANUFACTURING
AND REBUILDING
INDUSTRY
Machinery Manufacturing EPA 440/1-89/106
PB90126525
MEAT PRODUCTS 432
AND RENDERING
Red Meat Processing EPA 440/1-74/012-a
(Final)
Renderer
(Final)
EPA 440/1-74/031-d
PB238836/AS
PB253572
Renderer (Supplement/ EPA 440/1-78/031-e
Reprint Final)
Renderer (Supplement) EPA 440/1-77/031-e
5501-00843
METAL FINISHING
433
SEE ELECTROPLATING FOR LISTING
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.lj. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)'
SOURCES OP AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
METAL MOLDING 464
& CASTING
(FOUNDRIES)
MINERAL MINING 436
^ & PROCESSING
03
NONFERROUS 471
METALS FORMING
SUBCATEQORY
Metal Molding &
Casting (Proposed)
Metal Molding &
Casting (Final)
Minerals for the
Construction Industry
Mineral Mining and
Processing (Final)
Report to Congress:
The Effects of
Discharges from
Limestone Quarries
on Water Quality and
Aquatic Biota (Final)
Nonferrous Metals
Forming (Final)
t!PA
! »UBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -82/070-b
Volumes 1 & II
KPA 440/1 -85/070
PA 440/1 -75/059
£PA 440/1 -76/059b
EPA 440/1 -82/059
EPA 440/1 -86/01 9
Volume 1
Volume II
Volume III
(Set of Volumes Mil)
NTIS GPO
ACCESSION STOCK
NUMBER NUMBER
PB86161452/XAB
PB274593/3
PB80110299
PB82242207
PB87121760
PB87121778
PB87121786
PB87121752*
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
ro
10
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
NONFERROUS 421
METALS
MANUFACTURING
t
OIL & GAS 435
EXTRACTION
SUBCATEGQRY
Bauxite Refining-
Aluminum Segment
(Final)
Primary Aluminum
Smelting - Aluminum
Segment (Final)
Secondary Aluminum
Smelting Aluminum
Segment (Final)
Oil & Gas Extraction
(Interim Final)
Oil & Gas Extraction
Offshore (Interim Final)
Oil & Gas Extraction -
Offshore (Proposed)
Assessment
of Environmental
Fate & Effects of
Discharge from Offshore
Oil and Gas Operations
EPA NTIS
. PUBLICATION ACCESSION
DOCUMENT NUMBER NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/01 9-c PB238463
EPA 440/1 -74/01 9-d PB240859
EPA' 440/1 -74/01 9-e PB238464
EPA 440/1 -76/055-a
EPA 440/1 -75/055
\
EPA 440/1 -85/055 PB861 1 4949/XAB
EPA 440/4-85/002 PB861 14964/AS
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
5501-00116
5501-00817
5501-00819
"
*
....
OIL RECLAMATION
Oil Reclamation
EPA 440/1-89/014
PB90126509
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U>S». EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
ORE MINING
AND DRESSING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
440
SUBCATEQQRY
Ore Mining and Dressing
Volume 1 (Proposed)
Ore Mining and Dressing
Volume II (Proposed)
Ore Mining & Dressing
EPA
f UBLICATION
I OCUMENT NUMBER
tM 440/1 -78/061 -d
? PA 440/1 - 78/081 -e
tPA 440/1 -82/081 -b
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB286520/AS
PB286521/AS
PB82250952
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
*
*
I
CO
o
(Proposed)
Ore Mining & Dressing
(Final)
Gold Placer Mining
Subcategory (Proposed)
Placer Mining and
Dressing - Gold
Placer Mining (Final)
EPA 440/1-82/061
EPA 440/1-85/061-b
EPA 440/1-88/061
PB89117790
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
I
CO
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
ORGANIC
CHEMICALS,
PLASTICS, AND
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
MANUFACTURING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
414
&416
SUBCATEQORY
Major Organic Products
(Final)
Organic Chemicals &
Plastics & Synthetic
Fibers (Proposed)
Synthetic Resins
Synthetic Polymers
EPA
.PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/009-a
EPA 440/1 -83/009-b
Volume 1
Volume II
Volume III
(Set of Volumes 1 thru III)
EPA 440/1 -74/010
EPA 440/1 -74/036
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB241905
PB83205633
PB83 205641
PB83205658
PB83205625'
PB239241
PB240862
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
j
5001-008812
5501-00815
5501-01012 ,
Selected Summary of
Information in Support
of Organic Chemicals,
Plastic & Synthetic
Fibers, July 1985
Organic Chemicals &
Plastics & Synthetic
Fibers (Final)
EPA 440/1-87/009
Volumes I & II
Volume II
PB88171335
PAINT
FORMULATING
446
Paint Formulating
Oil Base Solvent Wash
Subcategories (Interim
Final)
Paint and Irtk Formulating
(Interim Final)
EPA 440/1 -89/050
EPA 440/1 -75/049
EPA 440/1-75/050
PB901 26475
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.&. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
I
CO
ro
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
PAVING AND
ROOFING (TARS
& ASPHALT)
PESTICIDES
CFR
PART
NUMBER
443
455
SUBCATEQORY
Tars and Asphalt (Final)
Pesticides (Final)
Pesticides (Proposed)
Test Methods for Non-
EPA
F JBLICATION
L QCUMENT NUMBER
[>A 440/1 -75/050
EPA 440/1 -78/060
EM 440/1 -89/060-e
»
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB285480
PB901 26428
PB83 176636
GPO
STOCK
NUMBER
b
PETROLEUM
REFINING
419
Conventional Pesticides
Chemical Analysis of
Industrial & Municipal
Wastewater
Pesticides Ch'emicals
Manufacturing (Interim
Final)
EPA 440/1-75/060-d
Pesticides (Final) \l PA 440/1-85/079 PB86150042/XAB
NOTE: FINAL REGULATION WAS WITHDRAWN 1986 - a restudy has been initiated by the Agency
Petroleum Refining
(Final)
Petroleum Refining
(Proposed)
Petroleum Refining
(Final)
EPA 440/1-74/014-a
EPA 440/1-79/014-b
EPA 440/1-82/014
PB238612
PB81228413
PB83172569
5501-00912
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
PHARMACEUTICALS
MANUFACTURING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
439
SUBCATEQORY
Pharmaceutical (Final)
Pharmaceutical - BCT
(Final)
EPA
. PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -83/084
EPA 440/1-86/084
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB841 80066
PB871 72268
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
PHOSPHATE
MANUFACTURING
422
I
CO
CO
Phosphorus Derived
Chemicals (Final)
Other Non-Fertilizer
Phosphate Chemicals
(Final)
Summary Report -
Phosphate Fertilizer
Subcategory of Fertilizer
Point Source Category
(40 CFR 418)
EPA 440/1-74/006-a
EPA'440/1-75/043-a
PB241018/AS
5503-00078
Contract * 68-1-4975
PHOTOGRAPHIC
PROCESSING
459
EPA 440/1-81/082-g
Guidance Document for
the Control of Water
Pollution in the
Photographic Processing
Industry
Photographic Processing _. EPA 440/1-76/060-1
(Interim Final)
PB82177643
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)'
SOURCES OP AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
PLASTICS MOLDING
AND FORMING
PORCELAIN
ENAMELING
PRINTING AND
CFR
PART
NUMBER
463
466
448
SUBCATEQORY
Plastics Molding and
Forming (Final)
Porcelain Enameling
(Proposed)
Porcelain Enameling
(Final)
Summary of Available
SPA
PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
£PA 440/1 -84/069-b
EPA440/1-81/072-b
EPA 440/1 -82/072
EPA 440/1-78/090
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB851 86823
PB81201527
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
..j.
PUBLISHING
Information on the Levels
of Controls of Toxic
Pollutants Dischargers in
the Printing and Publishing
Point Source 'Category
PUBLICLY OWNED
TREATMENT WORKS
Fate of Priority
Pollutants in Publicly
Owned Treatment Works \
Volume I
Volume II
- 30-Day Study
- Pilot Study
EPA 440/1-82/303
EPA 440/1-82/302
EPA 440/1-79/300
PB83122788
PB83122796
PB82263880
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
PULP, PAPER
AND PAPERBOARD
CFR
PART
NUMBER
430
SUBCATEGORY
Unbleached Kraft and
Semi-chemical Pulp
(Final)
EPA
. PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/025-a
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB238833/AS
GPO
STOCK
NUMBER
to
en
Pulp, Paper & Paper-
Board and Builders'
Paper & Board Mills
(Proposed)
Pulp, Paper & Paper-
board and Builders'
Paper & Board Mills
(Final)
Development Document
for Best Conventional
Pollutant Control
Technology Pulp, Paper,
and Paperboard
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard -
& Builder's Paper
and Board Mills (Guidance)
Control of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls in the Deink
Subcategory (Guidance)
EPA 440/1-80/025-b
EPA 440/1-82/025
EPA 440/1-86/025
PBS1201535
PB83163949
PB87172250/AS
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.Ji. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Conxl.iued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
INDUSTRIAL CFR
POINT SOURCE PART
CATEGORY NUMBER
RUBBER 428
PROCESSING
SOAPS fit 417
DETERGENTS
SOLVENT
RECYCLING
INDUSTRY
STEAM ELECTRIC 423
POWER PLANTS
SUGAR 409
PROCESSING
SUBCATEQORY
Tire & Synthetic
(Final)
Fabricated & Reclaimed
Rubber (Final)
Soaps & Detergents
(Final)
Solvent Recycling
Steam Electric Power
Generating (Final)
Steam Electric
(Proposed)
Steam Electric (Final)
Beet Sugar (Final)
Cane Sugar Refining
EPA
1 OBLIGATION
1 OCUMENT NUMBER
tPA 440/1 -74/01 3-a
i PA 440/1 -74/030-a
t£PA 440/1 -74/01 8-a
EPA 440/1 -89/1 02
EPA 440/1 -74/029-a
EPA 440/1 -80/029-b
\
EPA 440/1 -82/029
EPA 440/1 -74/002-b
EPA 440/1 -74/002-c
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB238609/AS
PB241916/AS
PB238613/AS
PB901 26487
PB240853
PB81119075
*
PB238462/AS
PB238147/AS
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
55Q1 -00885
5501-01018
5501-00867
5501-01001
5501-00117
5501-00826
(Final)
Raw Cane Sugar
Processing (Interim
.Final)
EPA 440/1-75/044
-------
LIST OF DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS AND ADDITIONAL U.S. EPA INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION PUBLICATIONS
(Continued)
SOURCES OF AVAILABILITY
i
CO
INDUSTRIAL
POINT SOURCE
CATEGORY
TEXTILE MILLS
MANUFACTURING
CFR
PART
NUMBER
410
SUBCATEQORY
Textile Mills
(Final)
Textile Mills
(Final)
EPA
. PUBLICATION
DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1 -74/022-a
EPA 440/1 -82/022
NTIS
ACCESSION
NUMBER
PB238832/AS
PB831 16871
QPO
STOCK
NUMBER
/
5501-00903
TIMBER PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
429
Wood Furniture
and Fixtures (Final)
Timber Products
Processing
(Proposed)
Timber Products
Processing (Final)
EPA 440/1-74/033-a
EPA 440/1-79/023-b
EPA 440/1-81/023
PB81227282
TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT
CLEANING
INDUSTRY
Transportation
Equipment
Cleaning
KEPA 440/1-89/104
PB90126483
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
5285 Port Royal Road '
Springfield, VA 22161
(703) 487-4600
-------
imtm
tmi*
***
*»tf».tt*l
Ml
PUBLICATIONS AVAILABj; FROM THE INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DIVISION
METHODS I REFERENCES)
(ANAUTICAL METHODS
co
00
a-,
-SBUS-
IHtliri MM I f»Util« OrfMio
M« H»UM« MlSt M«ivel*ttU
IMt.
uui
Oi
. *ai
vitli
(Or«rt),
t«M
Ust «
f N«t*r, Otria*
itM
IM*.
tl
M« mtooal* Cor
IMt.
tMt/a»« OiUtle
USEPA 4U1 M St. Stf
Washington. DC 20460
(202) 382-7131
-------
OWR/ITD Preliminary Data Sumnariea1989
EPA 440/1-89/014Preliminary Data Summary for the Used Oil
Reclamation and Re-Refining Industry
EPA 44o/l-89/060nPreliminary Data Summary for the Hospitals Point
Source Category
EPA 440/l-89/060aPreliminary Data Summary for the Pesticide
Chemicals Point Source Category
EPA 440/1-89/025Preliminary Data Summary for the Pulp, Paper and
Paperboard Point Source Category
EPA 440/1-89/050Preliminary Data Summary for the Paint
Formulating Paint Source Category
EPA 440/1-89/084Preliminary Data Summary for the Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing Point Source Category
EPA 440/1-89/100Preliminary Data Summary for the Hazardous Haste
Treatment Industry
EPA 440/1-89/101Preliminary Data Summary for the Drum
Reconditioning Industry
EPA 440/1-89/102Preliminary Data Summary for the Solvent
Recycling Industry
EPA 440/1-89/103Preliminary Data Summary, for the Industrial
Laundries
EPA 440/1-89/104Preliminary Data Summary for the Transportation
Equipment Cleaning Industry
EPA 440/1-89/105Preliminary Data Summary for the Coastal, Onshore
and Stripper Subcategories of the Oil Gas
Extraction Point Source Category
EPA 440/1089/106Preliminary Data Summary for the Machinery
Manufacturing and Rebuilding Industry
4-39
-------
IHDUSTRIAI. CATEGORIES SUBJECT TO NATIONAL EJTLUEHT LIMITATIONS AND STANDARDS
INDUSTRIAL CATEGORY 40 CTR PART^ HUMBER
Aluminum renting - 467
Asbestos Manufacturing 42?
Battery Manufacturing 461
Builder's Paper 431
Carbon'Black Manufacturing 458
Cement Manufacturing 411
Coal Mining 434
Coil Coating (Phase Z and III 445
Copper Forming 468
Dairy Products Processing 405
lactroplating 413*
Electrical and Electronic Components (Phases Z and ZX) 469
Explosives Manufacturing 457
Feedlots 412
Ferroalloy Manufacturing 424
Fertiliser Manufacturing 418
Fruits end Vegetables Processing Manufacturing 407
Glass Manufacturing 426
Grain Hills Manufacturing 406
Own and wood Chemicals 454
Hospitals . 460
Ink Formulating 447
Inorganic Chemicals (Phases Z and ZZ) 415
Zron and Steel Manufacturing 420
Leather Tanning and Finishing 425
Meat Processing 432
Metal Finishing 433"
Metal Molding and Casting 464
Mineral Mining 436
Nonferrous Metals Forming 471
Monferrous Metals Manufacturing (Phases Z and ZZ) 421
Oil and Gas Extraction 435
-^:__.__ _^,J1^ .^*»-,Ji**tics and Synthetic Fibers 414*"
faint formulating "' 446
Paving and Roofing (Tars and Asphalt) 443
Pesticides 455
Petroleum Refining 419
Pharmaceuticals 439
Phosphate Manufacturing 422
Photographic . 459
Plastics Molding and Forming 463*«**
Porcelain Enameling 466
Pulp and Paper 430
Rubber Processing 428
Seafood Processing Manufacturing 408
Soaps and Detergents Manufacturing 417
Steam Electric 423
Sugar Processing Manufacturing 409
Timber Products Manufacturing 429
Textiles 410«««"
"Cross reference to Metal Finishing, Part 433
Cross reference to Electroplating, Part 413.
O*-aftp:.<. Chemicals and Manufacturing- (40 CFR Part 414) had been
combined with the "Plastics and Synthetics" point source category
(40 CFR Part 416) i pretreatment standard* for new sources are still in
effect as previously identified under 40 CFR Part 414, Subpart 8.
Category is regulated only by the general pretreataent standards found
in 40 CFR Part 403.
4-40
-------
ftEFCREMCU FO* WASTIWATIft POLLUTANT
40 CPU 401.15 ToaJe PofcHanta: Uat of 66 todc poMarts da»«iopad pursuant to
Watar Act faction 207(a)0)
40 CPU 401.16 Con»anMonal PoiutanN: UatofB
pwauarttoOMA
40 CFR Part 423. Prtorty Poiotanta: daiWvd from lat of 65 ToKle PoMarts: 126 total.
Appandbc A
-------
ITD PROTECT RESPONSIBILITY LIST
Aluminum Forming
Analytical Support
Asbestos
Battery Manufacturing
Carbon Black Manufacturing
Cement Manufacturing
Centralized (Hazardous)
Waste Treaters
Coal Mining
Coal Remitting
Coal Slurry Pipelines
(includes canmaking)
Copper Forming
Dairy Products Processing
Drum Reconditioning
Electrical & Electronic
Components - Phase I & U
Electroplating
Ethanol for Fuel
Explosives Manufacturing
Feedlots
Ferroalloy Manufacturing
Matt Jarrett
Bill Telliard
Ben Honaker
Ron Kirby
Sabita Rajvanshi
George Jett
Ron Kirby
Debra DiCianna
Bill Telliard
Matt
Matt Jarrett
Don Anderson
Matt Jarrett
Sabita Rajvanshi
Sabita Rajvanshi
Bill Telliard
Tom Fielding
Don Anderson
Matt Jarrett
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-5131
(202) 260-2272
(202) 260-7168
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-7151
(202) 260-7168
(202) 260-7141
(202) 260-5131
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-3164
(202)260-7153
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-5131
(202) 260-7156
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-3164
4-42
-------
Tom Fielding
(202) 260-7156
[riding
Finishing
on
luring
Rendering
5 & Beverages
ctioneries
cialty
Don Anderson
Matt Jarrett
Don Anderson
Wendy Smith
Don Anderson
Dick Williams
Frank Hund
Sabita Rajvanshi
Woody Forsht
Dick Williams
Tom Fielding
Matt Jarrett
Dick Williams
Bill Telliard
Sabita Rajvanshi
Don Anderson
Sabita Rajvanshi
Matt Jarrett
Don Anderson
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7184
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7182
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-7190
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7156
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-5131
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7137
4-43
-------
Nonfenrous Metals Forming
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Oil & Gas Extraction
Offshore
Onshore (Coastal)
Ore Mining
Organic Chemicals, Plastics
& Synthetic Fibers
Paint Formulation
Paragraph 4(c) Pollutants
Paving & Roofing
Pesticides
Pharmaceuticals
Photographies
Plastics Molding & Forming
Platemaking
Porcelain Enameling
POTW Pilot Study/Pretreatment
Poultry Processing
Printing & Publishing
Pulp & Paper
Builders' Paper & Board Mills
Converted Paper
Pulp, Paper & Paperboard
Dioxin
Matt Jarrett
Matt Jarrett
Ron Jordan
Matt Jarrett
George Jett
Dick Williams
Dick Williams
Bill Telliard
Tom Fielding
Jan Goodwin
P.ubin
Frank Hund
Matt Jarrett
Woody Forsht
Sabita Rajvanshi
Matt Jarrett
Don Anderson
Don Anderson
Dick Williams
George Heath
Wendy Smith
Dick Williams
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7115
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7151
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-5131
(202) 260-7156
(202) 260-7142
(202) 260-7124
(202) 260-7182
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7190
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-3164
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7165
(202) 260-7184
(202) 260-7186
4-44
-------
Rubber Manufacturing
Seafood Processing
(canned & preserved)
Shipbuilding
Solvent Recovery
Steam Electric Power Generation
Sugar Processing
Beet, Raw Cane
Cane Sugar Refining
Superfund Site/POTW Guidance
Textile Manufacturing
Timber Products
Transportation
Waste Oil Reclamation
Water Supply
304(m) Revisions
40 CFR 401 Revisions
Joe Vitalis
Don Anderson
Sabita Rajvanshi
Debra DiCianna
Joe Vitalis
Don Anderson
Elwood Forsht
Dick Williams
Dick Williams
Sabita Rajvanshi
Marvin Rubin
Don Anderson
Eric Strassler
Frank Hund
(202) 260-7172
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-7141
(202) 260-7172
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7190
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7186
(202) 260-7153
(202) 260-7124
(202) 260-7137
(202) 260-7150
(202)260-7182
4-45
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Calculating Daily Maximum and Monthly Average Permit Limits
Using Effluent Guidelines
SITUATION
You are the permit writer responsible for drafting the permit for Luster Glass,
Inc., a glass manufacturer in Morris, Illinois (IL0654321). After reviewing the
application forms 1 and 2C and the effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the Glass Manufacturing point source category (40 CFR Part 426) you begin to
develop the effluent limitations for the process wastewaters, to be included in
the permit.
DETERMINE;
The daily maximum and monthly average effluent limitations for Oil and Grease,
TSS, Phosphorus, and pH for the process wastewater contribution to Outfall 001
at Luster Glass. Show all calculations and assumptions.
4-46
-------
Part 426
40 CTt Oi. I (7-1-W Edition)
TABLE OF STUDENTS' t VALUES AT THE 99
PERCENT CONFIDENCE LEVEL -
Nuntoor of rvpticvtvv
t
9
10 '
11
m
71 , ,
20
91
41
"sr
frtMdOfn
(n-1)
6
r
a
9
10
15
20
25
30
80
Mn-1.
1-a-JM)
3.143
2.998
2.896
2.821
2.764
2.602
2-S28
2.485
2.457
2.390
2J26
[53 PR 9186. Mar. 21.19881
PART 426 GLASS MANUFACTURING
POINT SOURCE CATEGORY
Fib*r0lats
Sec.
426.10 Applicability: description of the In-
sulation fiberglass subcategory.
426.11 Special definitions.
426.12 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion utamaoie ny ui« application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.13 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.14 [Reserved]
426.15 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.16 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.17 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degreee of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT).
Subcwff Sh«H Otau Manufacturing
426.20 Applicability: description of the
sheet glass manufacturing subcategory.
426.21 Specialized definitions.
426.22 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
Sec.
426.23 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.24 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
426.25 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.26 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.27 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Subport C toll** Otou Manufacturing,
426.30 Applicability, description of the
rolled glass manufacturing subcategory.
426.31 Specialized definitions.
426.32 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.33 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best avail tble technology economically
achievable..
426.34 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
426.35 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.36 Pretreatment standards for new-
sources.
426.37 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Suhaart D Hota (Mat* Manufacturing
426.40 Applicability; description of the
plate glass manufacturing subcategory.
426.41 Specialized definitions.
426.42 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.43 [Reserved]
426.44 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
426.45 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.46 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
4-47
-------
Environmental Protection Afljoncy
Part 426
Sec.
426.47 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degreee of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT).
Subpart E Root Gfau Manufacturing
Subcategory
426.50 Applicability: description of the
float glass manufacturing subcategory.
426.51 Specialized definitions.
426.52 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.53 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.54 [Reserved]
426.55 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.56 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.57 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Subpart F
Automotive Otat Tampering
Subcotegory
426.60 Applicability, description of the
automotive glass tempering subcategory.
426.61 Specialized definitions.
426.62 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.63 (Reserved!
426.64 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources.
426.65 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.66 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.67 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Subpart G Automotive Glat* Laminating
Subcategory
426.70 Applicability; description of the
automotive glass laminating subcatego-
ry.
426.71 Specialized definitions.
Sec.
426.72 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.73 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.74 [Reserved!
426.75 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.76 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.77 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Subpart HGlat* Container Manufacturing
Subcategory
426.80 Applicability; description of the
glass container manufacturing subcate-
gory.
426.81 Specialized definitions.
426.82 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.83426.84 [Reserved!
426.85 Standards of performance .for new
sources.
426.86 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.87 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of eifluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control tech-
1 nology.
Subpart IMachine Pre*«e4 and Mown GtaM
Manufacturing Subcategory [teterved]
Subpart JGlass Tubing (Oannaf)
Manufacturing Subcategory
426.100 Applicability; description of the
glass tubing (Danner) manufacturing
subcategory.
426.101 Specialized definitions.
426.102 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.103426.104 [Reserved]
426.105 Standards for performance for new
sources.
426.106 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
4-48
-------
§ 426.10
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-89 Edition)
Sec.
426.107 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Subpart KTelevision Picture Tub* Envelop*
^Manufacturing Subcategory
426.110 Applicability; description of the
television picture tube envelope manu-
facturing subcategory.
426.111 Specialized definitions.
426.112 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.113 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.114 [Reserved!
426.115 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.116 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.117 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Manufacturing Subcategory
426.120 Applicability: description of the in-
candescent lamp envelope manufactur-
ing subcategory.
426.121 Specialized definitions.
426.122 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.123 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.124 [Reserved]
426.125 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.126 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.127 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
oest conventional pollutant control
technology.
Sec.
Subpart MHand Pressed and Hewn Glass
Manufacturing Subcategory
426.130 Applicability: description of the
hand pressed and blown glass manufac-
turing subcategory.
426.131 Specialized definitions.
426.132 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available.
426.133 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable.
426.134 [Reserved]
426.135 Standards of performance for new
sources.
426.136 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
426.137 [Reserved]
AUTHORITY: Sees. 301. 304 (b) and (c). 306
(b) and (c). 307(c). and 316(b) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act. as amended;
33 U.S.C. 1251. 1311. 1314. 1316 (b) and (c).
1317(b): 86 Stat. 816 et seq.. Pub. L. 92-500;
91 Stat. 1567. Pub. L. 95-217.
SOURCE 39 FR 2565. Jan. 22. 1974. unless
otherwise noted.
Subpart AInsulation Fiberglass
Subcatvgory
§426.10 Applicability; description of the
insulation fiberglass subcategory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges resulting from
the production of insulation fiberglass
in which molten glass is either directly
or indirectly made, continuously fiber-
ized and chemically bonded into a
wool-like material.
§ 426.11 Specialized definitions.
For the purpose of this subpart:
(a) Except as provided below,. the
general definitions, abbreviations and
methods of analysis set forth in 40
CFR Part 401 shall apply to this sub-
part.
(b) The term "cullet water" shall
mean that water which is exclusively
and directly applied to molten glass in
order to solidify the glass.
(c) The term "advanced air emission
control devices" shall mean air pollu-
tion control equipment, such as elec-
trostatic precipitators and high energy
4-49
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 426.62
licly owned treatment works (and
which would be a new source subject
to section 306 of the Act. if it were to
discharge pollutants to the navigable
waters), shall be the standard set
forth in 40 CFR Part 128. except that.
for the purpose of this section. 40 CFR
128.133- shall be amended to read as
follows:
In addition to the prohibitions set forth in
40 CFR 128.131. the pretreatment standard
(or incompatible pollutants introduced into
a publicly owned treatment works shall be
the standard of performance for new
sources specified in 40 CFR 426.55 provided
that, if the publicly owned treatment works
which receives the pollutants is committed.
in its NPDES permit, to remove a specified
percentage of any incompatible pollutant.
the pretreatment standard applicable to
users of such treatment works shall, except
in the case of standards providing for no dis-
charge of pollutants, be correspondingly re-
duced in stringency for that pollutant.
§426.57 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Except as provided in §8125.30
through 125.32. any existing point
source subject to this subpart shall
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The
limitations shall be the same as those
specified for conventional pollutants
(which are defined in § 401.16) in
S 426.52 of this subpart for the best
practicable control technology cur-
rently available (BPT).
[51 FR 25000. July 9.1986]
Subpart FAutomotive Glass
Tempering Subcategory
SOURCE 39 FR S714. Feb. 14. 1974. unless
otherwise noted.
§426.60 Applicability; description of the
automotive glass tempering aubcatego-
ry.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges of pollutants
resulting from the processes in which
glass is cut and then passed through a
series of processes that grind and
polish the edges, bend the glass, and
then temper the glass to produce side
and back windows for automobiles.
§ 426.61 Specialized definition!.
For the purpose of this subpart:
(a) Except as provided below, the
general definitions, abbreviations and
methods of analysis set forth in 40
CFR Part 401 shall apply to this sub-
part.
(b) The term "tempering" shall
mean the process whereby glass is
heated near the melting point and
then rapidly cooled to Increase its me-
chanical and thermal endurance.
§426.62 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available.
(a) In establishing the limitation set
forth in this section, EPA took into ac-
count all Information it was able to
collect, develop and solicit with re-
spect to factors (such as age and size
of plant, raw materials, manufacturing
processes, products produced, treat-
ment technology available, energy re-
quirements and costs) which can
affect the industry subcategorization
and effluent levels established. It is,
however, possible that data which
would affect these limitations have
not been available and. as a result.
these limitations should be adjusted
for certain plants in this industry. An
individual discharger or other interest-
ed person may submit evidence to the
Regional Administrator (or to the
State, if the State has the authority to
issue NPDES permits) that factors re-
lating to the equipment or facilities in-
volved, the process applied, or other
such factors related to such discharger
are fundamentally different from the
factors considered in the establish-
ment of the guidelines. On the basis of
such evidence or other available infor-
mation, the Regional Administrator
(or the State) will make a written find-
ing that such factors are or a^e not
fundamentally different for thaw facil-
ity compared to those specified in the
Development Document. If such fun-
damentally different factors are found
to exist, the Regional Administrator
4-50
-------
§ 426.64
or the State shall establish for the dis-
charger effluent limitations in the
NPDES permit either more or less
stringent than the limitations estab-
lished herein, to the extent dictated
by such fundamentally different fac-
tors. Such limitations must be ap-
proved "by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
The Administrator may approve or
disapprove such limitations, specify
other limitations, or initiate proceed-
ings to revise these regulations;
(b) The following limitations estab-
lish the quantity or quality of pollut-
ants or pollutant properties, con-
trolled by this section, which may be
discharged by a point source subject to
the provisions of this subpart after ap-
plication of the best practicable con-
trol technology currently available:
Effluent fentitttoons
Effluent character*
Maximum value* for 30
tor any 1 consecutive day*
day than not
Matte unto (q/eq m o<
product)
TSS..
1.45
0*4
1,22
.M
English units (to/1.060 *q n of
product)
TSS..
oa.....
PH_..
0.40
0.13
0.25
.13
Within tha rang* 6.0 to 9.0.
§426.63 [Reserved]
B 426.64 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources.
The pretreatment standards under
section 307(b) of the Act for a source
within the automotive glass tempering
subcategory which is a user of a pub-
licly owned treatment works and a
major contributing industry as defined
in 40 CPR Part 128 (and which would
be an existing point source subject to
section 301 of the Act. if it were to dis-
charge pollutants to the navigable
SShto £^*L the standard set
40 CFt Ch. I (7-1-89 Edition)
shall not apply. The following pre-
treatment standard establishes the
quantity or quality of pollutants or
pollutant properties controlled by this
section which may be discharged to a
publicly owned treatment works by a
point source subject to the provisions
of this subpart.
PoButara or posutarrt property
pM_
01
TSS .
PretrMtmant standard
No fcmrtation.
Do.
Do.
[40 PR 6444. Feb. 11.19751
§426.65 Standards of performance for
new sources.
The following standards of perform-
ance establish the quantity or quality
of pollutants or pollutant properties.
controlled by this section, which may
be discharged by a new source subject
to the provisions of this subpart:
Effluent characteristic
Effluent bmftstions
Average of da*y
Maximum values for 30
for any 1 consecutive day*
day snail not
exceed
Metric units (q/«q m of
product)
TSS..
0*.....
PH....
024
0.49
0.2*
English urns (Ib/l.OOO M) ft.*
product)
TSS;.
Oil
pH....
0.05
0.10
c.os
:0
I1)
1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.0.
§ 426.66 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
The pretreatment standards under
section 307(c) of the Act for a source
within the automotive glass tempering
subcategory. which is a user of a pub-
licly owned treatment works (and
which would be a new source subject
to section 306 of the Act. if it were to
discharge pollutants to the navigable
waters), shall be the standard set
forth in 40 CFR Part 128. except that.
for the purpose of this section. 40 CFR
4-51
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§426.77
128.133 shall be amended to read as
follows:
In addition to the prohibitions set forth1 in
40 CFR 128.131. the pretreatment standard
(or incompatible pollutants introduced into
a publicly owned treatment works shall be
the standard of performance for new
sources specified in 40 CFR 426.85: provided
that, if the publicly owned treatment works
which receives the pollutants is committed.
in its NPDES permit, to remove a specified
percentage of any incompatible pollutant.
the pretreatment standard applicable to
users of such treatment works shall, except
in the case of standards providing for no dis-
charge of pollutants, be correspondingly re-
duced in stringency for that pollutant.
§426.67 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the' degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the beat conventional pollutant control
technology.
Except as provided in it 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart shall
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The
limitations shall be the same as those
specified for conventional pollutants
(which ore defined in $401.16) in
5 426.62 of this subpart for the best
practicable control technology cur-
rently available (BPT).
151 FR 25000. July 9.19861
Subpart GAutomotive Glass
Laminating SubcaUgory
SOURCE 39 FR 5714. Feb. 14. 1974. unless
otherwise noted.
§426.70 Applicability; description of the
automotive glass laminating subcatego-
ry.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges of pollutants
resulting from the processes- which
laminate a plastic sheet between two
layers of glass, and which prepare the
glass for lamination such as cutting,
bending and washing, to produce auto-
mobile windshields.
§ 426.71 Specialized definitions.
For the purpose of this subpart:
(a) Except as provided below, the
general definitions, abbreviations and.
methods of analysis set forth in 40
CFR Part 401 shall apply to this sub-
part.
§426.72 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available.
In establishing the limitations set
forth in this section. EPA took into ac-
count all information it was able to
collect, develop and solicit with re-
spect to factors (such as age and size
of plant, raw materials, manufacturing
processes, products produced, treat-
ment technology available, energy re-
quirements and costs) which can
affect the industry subcategorization
and effluent levels established. It is.
however, possible that data which
would affect these limitations have
not been available and. as a result.
these limitations should be adjusted
for certain plants in this industry. An
individual discharger or other interest-
ed person may submit evidence to the
Regional Administrator (or to the
State, if the State has the authority to
issue NPDES permits) that factors re-
lating to the equipment or facilities in-
volved, the process applied, or other
such factors related to such discharger
are fundamentally different from the
factors considered in the establish-
ment of the guidelines. On the basis of
such evidence or other available infor-
mation, the Regional Administrator
(or the State) will make a written find-
ing that such factors are or are not
fundamentally different for that facil-
ity compared to those specified in the
Development Document. If such fun-
damentally different factors are found
to exist, the Regional Administrator
or the State shall establish for the dis-
charger effluent limitations in the
NPDES permit either more or less
stringent than the limitations estab-
lished herein, to the extent dictated
by such fundamentally different fac-
tors. Such limitations must be ap-
proved by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
The Administrator may approve or
disapprove such limitations, specify
4-52
-------
§426.73
other limitations, or initiate proceed-
ings to revise these regulations.
The following limitations establish the
quantity or quality of pollutants or
pollutant properties, controlled by this
section, which may be discharged by a
point source subject to the provisions
of this subpart after application of the
best practicable control technology
currently available:
Effluent limitation*
Maximum
tor any 1
Avaragaot dafty
vakjaa tar 30
conaacuOv* daya
Metric uniu (q/aq m of
product)
TSS.
4.40
1.07
4.40
1.76
1.07
Engfish units (t>/1.000 aq ft of
product)
T8S..
0.90
0.36
0.22
0.90
J6
23.
PH.
' Within tharanga 6.0 to 9.0.
6426.73 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best available technology economi-
cally achievable.
The following limitations establish
the quantity or quality of pollutants
or pollutant properties, controlled by
this section, which may be discharged
by a point source subject to the provi-
sions of this subpart after application
of the best available technology eco-
nomically achievable:
Efflutm hntitssbofw
Maximum
tor any 1
day
Average of dairy
value* tor 30
consecutive day*
aha* not
Mwnt «*« (o/aq m of
Product*)
0.30
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-89 Edition)
Effluent charactariatic
Effluent imrta&one
Awaraga of dairy
Maximum vakm for X
tor any 1 oonaacutiva day*
day ana not
English unU (to/1.000 sq It of
product)
Pnoapnorus..
0.06
.06
[39 PR S714. Feb. 14.1974. as amended at 44
FR 50746. Aug. 29. 1979]
§426.74 [Reserved]
8426.75 Standards of performance for
new sources.
The following standards of perform-
ance establish the quantity or quality
of pollutants or pollutant properties.
controlled by this section, which may
be discharged by a new point source
subject to the provisions of this sub-
part:
Effluant chsrsctariattc
EHVjant amjutont
Average of dairy
Maximum vaJuas tor 30
for any 1 conaacutrva days
day shan not
Maine unit* (q/«q m of
product)
TSS-
Oil
Phosphorus,
OH
0.86
1.76
0.30
CI
0.88
1.76
JO
English units (to/1.000 t> ol
product)
0.18
0.36
0.08
0.18
.36
.06
1 Wrthm th» ranga 6.0 to 0.0.
8426.76 Pretreatment standards for new
sources.
The pretreatment standards under
section 307(c) of the Act for a source
within the automotive glass laminat-
ing subcategory, which is a user of a
publicly owned treatment works (and
which would be a new source subject
to section 306 of the Act. if it were to
discharge pollutants to the navigable
waters), shall be the standard set
forth in 40 CFR Part 128. except that.
4-53
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 426.82
(or the purpose of this section, 40 CFR
128.133 shall be amended to read.as
follows:
In addition to the prohibitions set forth in
40 CFR 128.131. the pretreatment standard
for incompatible pollutants introduced into
a publicly owned treatment works shall be
the standard of performance for new
sources specified in 40 CFR 426.75: provided
that, if the publicly owned treatment works
which receives the pollutants is committed.
in its NPDES permit, to remove a specified
percentage of any incompatible pollutant.
the pretreatment standard applicable to
users of such treatment works shall, except
in the case of standards providing for no dis-
charge of pollutants, be correspondingly re-
duced in stringency for that pollutant.
8426.77 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Except as provided in SS 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this subpart shall
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best conventional pollut-
ant control technology (BCT): The
limitations shall be the same as those
specified for conventional pollutants
(which are defined In $401.16) in
1426.72 of this subpart for the best
practicable control technology cur-
rently available (BPT).
[51 FR 25000. July 9.1986]
Subpart HGlass Container
Manufacturing Subcategory
SOURCE 40 FR 2956. Jan. 16. 1975. unless
otherwise noted.
8426.80 Applicability; description of the
glass container manufacturing subcate-
gory.
The provisions of this subpart are
applicable to discharges resulting from
the process by which raw materials
are melted in a furnace and mechani-
cally processed Into glass containers.
8 426.81 Specialized definitions.
For the purpose of this subpart:
(a) Except as provided below, the
general definitions, abbreviations and
methods of analysis set forth in Part
401 of this chapter shall apply to this
subpart.
-------
OVERVIEW OF VARIANCES TO
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Role of variances
Types of variances
Basic process to grant/deny
TECHNOLOGY-BASED VARIANCES
Limited relief from effluent limits and compliance deadlines
Address exceptional circumstances
Ensure relief of NPDES program for "unusual" circumstances
Only granted on rare occasions
Some may be granted by States, others require FPA approval
NOTES:
5-1
-------
VARIANCES ARE FOR EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES
CWA CITF TYPE
301 (c) Economic
301 (g) Water Quality
301 (h) Secondary Treatment
Waiver - Ocean Discharge
(POTW)
301 (i) Extension of Secondary
Treatment Deadline
(POTW)
301 (k) Innovative
Technology
jyi(n) ?~iM3sain83M£, .y Different
Factors (FDFs)
316(a) Thermal Discharges
Intake - Discharge
Net Basis (Net/Gross)
40 CFR CITE
Part 125, Subpart E
[Reserved]
Part 125, Subpart F
[Reserved]
Part 125, Subpart G
(§§125.56 - 125.67)
Part 125, Subpart J
(§§125.90 -125.97)
Part 125, Subpart C
(§§125.20 - 125.27)
Per* 225, Subpart D
(§§125 30 125 32)
Part 125, Subpart H
(§§125.70 - 125.73)
§122.45(g)
APPROVAL
AUTHORITY
EPA - HQ
EPA - Region
EPA - HQ
NPDES State*
NPDES State*
EPA - Regions
NPDES State*
NPDES State*
*EPA Region in absence of approved State NPDES program.
NOTES:
5-2
-------
BEST PROFESSIONAL
JUDGMENT-BASED LIMITS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Define Best Professional Judgment (BPJ)
Authority for BPJ
BPJ tools
Economic achievability protocol
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
FOR NPDES PERMITS
Develop Water Quality-Based
Limitations
Develop Technology-Based
Limitations
Effluent Guidelines
Best Professional Judgment
Compare Limitations
Apply the Most Stringent
6-1
-------
BPJ CANDIDATES
Combined sewer overflows
Hazardous waste treaters
Equipment manufacturers
Waste oil reclaimers
Industrial laundries
Paint and ink facilities
Pharmaceuticals
Barrel reclaimers
Transportation facilities
Mining operations
Water treatment plants
Petroleum industry
NOTES:
6-2
-------
BPJ IS THE PERMIT WRITER'S OPINION
Technically based NPDES permit conditions, developed using all
reasonable available and relevant data, examined and evaluated
using a multidisciplined approach.
The multidisciplined approach includes perspectives of an
engineer, economist, statistician, chemist, biologist, and
attorney.
BPJ FACTORS - DEFINITIONS
Age of equipment and facilities: age of the plant including
manufacturing lines, sewer lines, and wastewater treatment
system
Process employed: the manufacturing process(es) used, and/or
the wastewater treatment process employed
Engineering aspects of the application of various types of control
techniques: the design, construction, cost, performance, reliability,
etc. of the wastewater treatment processes
Process changes: the feasible manufacturing process changes such
as raw material substitution or in-process design (i.e., chemical
synthesis)
Cost of achieving the effluent reduction: the capital and operating
cost of attaining a specified effluent quality
Non-water quality environmental impacts; the trade-offs associated
with achieving a specified effluent quality including energy
requirement, air pollution, hazardous waste generation, solid waste
disposal, etc.
Other factors the Administrator deems appropriate: any other
factor determined to be relevant to the facility's ability to achieve
a specified level of effluent quality
6-3
-------
BEST PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT
DEFENSIBILITY
Defensibility depends on reasonableness
Reasonableness demonstrated by documentation
Documentation should include:
What is being imposed?
Why is it being imposed?
How it was developed?
NOTES:
6-4
-------
BPJ PERMITTING TOOLS
Abstracts of industrial NPDES permits
Treatability manual
NPDES best management practices guidance document
Technical support document for the development of water
quality-based permit limitations for toxic pollutants
Economic achievability protocol
Report on specific facilities
Office of Research and Development
National Enforcement Investigations Center
Effluent guidelines data
Section 308 questionnaires
Screening and verification data
Development documents
Contractors reports
Proposed regulations
Other sources of information
Discharge monitoring reports
Compliance inspection reports
Industry teams/national experts
NOTES:
6-5
-------
PERMIT ABSTRACTS
Primary purpose:
To assist permit writers by providing rapid access
to information in approximately 500 industrial NPDES
permits in a standardized, cross-referenced and easy-to-read
format.
Other purposes:
To answer inquiries from, and provide information to
industry, academia, consultants and the public.
NOTES:
6-6
-------
NUMBER OF ABSTRACTED PERMITS
100
IV
V VI VI
Region
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
Oryoiik, Chemical*
Inorganic Chomleote
Pulp ond Pop^r Boofd
Industry Category
6-7
-------
25
20
en
I IS
,0
PERMITS WITH BMP PLANS
I
I
ii m iv v vi vn vw ix x
Region
6-8
-------
United States Office of Research and
Environmental Protection Development
Agency Cincinnati. OH 45268
RREL TREATABILITY DATA BASE
WHWTRD 1992 FACT SHEET ~"
Purpose
To provide a thorough review of the effectiveness of proven treatment
technologies in the removal/destruction of chemicals in various types of media
including, but not limited to, municipal and industrial wastewater, drinking
water, groundwater, soil, debris, sludge, and sediment.
Users
The database is distributed to federal, state and local governments,
foreign governments, academe, industry, industrial trade associations,
environmental groups, law firms, and engineering firms. The database has a
current mailing list of approximately 2,000.
Organization
Version 4.0 of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Treatability
Data Base was released In February 1992 and contains 1166 chemical compounds
and over 9200 sets of treatability data. The chemicals contained ^n the
database are often those regulated under the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking
Hater Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic Substances Control
Act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriration Act, and other environmental
laws enacted by Congress. For each chemical, the database Includes:
physical/chemical properties, aqueous and solid treatabHUy data, Freundlich
isotherm data, other environmental database information sources, and data
references including a reference abstract. The physical/chemical properties
included are those most routinely used, such as molecular weight, boiling
point, melting point, etc. The treatabiHty data summarize the treatment
technologies used to treat the specific chemical; the type of waste/wastewater
treated; the size of the study/plant; and the treatment efficiency achieved.
In addition, each data set is referenced to sources of information,
operational Information on process(es) sampled and quality-coded based upon
analytical methods and reported quality assurance. )
Computer Requirements
The database has been developed using "dBase III Plus* and compiled using
Clipper" and will function without any specialized software. It is designed
to operate on an IBM or IBM compatible (MS DOS) personal computer and Is menu
driven. The database can be set to operate on a local area network system,
6-9
-------
although 1t Is the user's responsibility to load and operate such a system.
The database has the following hard and software requirements:
8 megabyte hard disk storage;
640 K RAN memory;
DOS Version 2.0 to 3.3; and
12 pitch printer.
Distribution
The database 1s currently available free of charge. To receive a copy of
the database and to be placed on a mailing 11st for all.future updates, please
send a written request to:
Glenn M. Shaul
Water and Hazardous Haste Treatment Research Division
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
United States Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
or FAX your request to (513) 569-7787. Please specify the type of program
diskette required for your computer (I.e., 3^' HD or 5fc" HD).
Accurate tracking and distribution of the RREL TreatabHUy Data Base 1s
necessary for development of future versions of this valuable product. It Is
recommended that all parties or Individuals using the database request a copy
through Glenn Shaul at the above address rather than loading the database from
s ,_-ii._ . -m.3. .*,-! »,.!-. *.«..v **,<» ,,^f,f, />* +h«t database and ensure
all users recede ruture updates.
Letters commenting on the utility and effectiveness of the database and
any suggestions for Improvements are welcomed and can be sent to Glenn Shaul
at the above address.
CONTACT: Glenn N. Shaul (513/569-7408 or FTS 684-7408)
6-10
-------
iL Treatability Database Ver No. 4.0 04/16/92
LEAD
CAS NO.: 7439-92-1
COMPOUND TYPE: INORGANIC,ELEMENT
FORMULA: PB
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES REF.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 207.20 333A
MELTING POINT (C): 327 333A
BOILING POINT (C): 1740 333A
VAPOR PRESSURE T(C), TORR: 1 § 970 333A
SOLUBILITY IN WATER @ T(C), MG/L: INSOLUBLE 333A
LOG OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: NA
HENRY'S LAW CONSTANT, ATM X M3 MOLE-1: NA
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA REF.
CHRONIC NONCARCINOGENIC SYSTEMIC TOXICITY NA
RISK ESTIMATES FOR CARCINOGENS NA
DRINKING WATER HEALTH ADVISORIES/STANDARDS NA
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA 34 5B
AQUATIC TOXICITY DATABASE 5B
FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM DATA
FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM DATA NOT AVAILABLE AT THIS TIME !
6-11
-------
RREL Treatability Database
Ver. No. 4.0
04/16/9
LEAD
CAS NO.
TECHNOLOGY
AS
ChPt
RO
RO
Seel
Sed
Sed
AL
AS
AS
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
ChPt
Ciiuru { J3 } +
ChPt + Fil
ChPt + Fil
ChPt + Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
ChPt+Fil
Fil
PACT
Sed
,: 7439-92-1
INFLUENT
MATRIX
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
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I
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T
. IL I
(B) I
(B) I
(B) I
I
I
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I
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28
28
31
33
33
99
*4
£<*
'u
36
28
33
33
33
99
33
28
28
INFLUENT
TECHNOLOGY
ChPt
ChPt (B)
ChPt (B)
MATRIX
T
_L
S
S
33
CONCENTRATION
SIC SCALE
CODE
F28
P3
P4
P3
F5
F3
F24
Fil
P
F5
B36
B39
PI
v
i. j.j
B3
Bl
B2
B37
B38
B40
PI
P
P
P
CONCENTRATION
SIC SCALE
CODE
P
Bl
B2
- >1-10 mg/L
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
( ug/L )
<59 (6)
<25
140 (8)
13 (7)
500 (2)
500 (1)
90 (6)
<500 (1)
650 (3)
<50 (1)
38 (1)
27 (1)
120
<-?in (tA)
j.f.v i j- /
22 (1)
68 (1)
20 (1)
3 (1)
3 (D
2 (1)
26
600
500 (3)
2,000 (3)
- >10-100 mg/L
EFFLUENT
CONCENTRATION
( ug/L )
1.800
<50 (1)
<50 (1)
PERCENT
REMOVAL
>95.1
>99.58
96.6
99.35
54
75
91.9
>68
68
>96.7
99.24
99.46
90
>R5
7O . J.
99.00
98.3
98.7
99.940
99.940
99.960
97.7
66
75
78
PERCENT
REMOVAL
97.1
>99.67
>99.67
REFERENCE
IB -S-
55E
18B
18B
35E -S-
3 IB
86B -S-
87B
1294B
3 IB
29B $
29B $
7E
89B Sfl
87B -^1
88E
88E
88E
29B $
29B $
29B $
7E
53B $
1294B
1294B
REFERENCE
53B $
43E
43E
6-12
-------
RREL Treatability Database (Solids)
Ver No. 4.0
04/16/92
LEAD
CONCENTRATION
Before After
Removal Scale Ref. Anal. Comments
% Meth.
SLUDGE
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
29 gm/kg
36 gm/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
| 9 gm/kg
^6 gm/kg
29 gm/kg
29 gm/kg
29 gm/kg
130 mg/kg
130 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
160 mg/kg
29 gm/kg
36 gm/kg
46 (1) mg/kg
38 (1) mg/kg
30 (1) mg/kg
29 (1) mg/kg
69 (1) mg/kg
68 (1) mg/kg
63 (1) mg/kg
9.2 (1) gm/kg
7.7 (1) gm/kg
100 (1) mg/kg
100 (1) mg/kg
61 (1) mg/kg
100 (1) mg/kg
95 (1) mg/kg
93 (1) mg/kg
90 (1) mg/kg
5.3 (1) gm/kg
6.9 (1) gm/kg
5.4 (1) gm/kg
4.7 (1) gm/kg
4.7 (1) gm/kg
63 (1) mg/kg
83 (1) mg/kg
100 (1) mg/kg
100 (1) mg/kg
110 (1) mg/kg
9.4 (1) gm/kg
10 (1) gm/kg
65
71
77
78
57
58
61
68
79
23
23
53
23
41
42
44
82
81
81
84
84
52
36
38
38
31
68
72
B1(B)
B10(B)
Bll(B)
B12(B)
B13(B)
B14(B)
B15(B)
B16(B)
B17(B)
B18(B)
B19(B)
B2(B)
B20(B)
B21(B)
B22(B)
B23(B)
B24(B)
B25(B)
B26(B)
B27(B)
B28(B)
B3(B)
B4(B)
B5(B)
B6(B)
B7(B)
B8(B)
B9(B)
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
2010A-
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
TCA
pH 1.5 (H2S04), 4 H
EDTA, 0.5 X Sto., 4
EDTA, 1 X Sto. , 4 H
EDTA, 2 X Sto., 4 H
EDTA, 0.5 X Sto. , 4
EDTA, 1 X Sto., 4 H
EDTA, 2 X Sto., 4 H
EDTA, 1 X Sto. , 4 H
EDTA 1 X Sto. , 4 HR
NTA, 0.5 X Sto., 4
NT A, 1 X Sto. , 4 HR
pH 2 (H2SO4), 4 HR.
NTA, 2 X Sto. , 4 HR
NTA, 0.5 X Sto., 4
NTA, 1 X Sto., 4 HR
NTA, 2 X Sto. , 4 HR
. NTA, 1 X Sto. . 4 HR
NTA, 1 X Sto. . 4 HR
pH 1.5, 3-STAGE, 3
EDTA (IX) 3-STAGE,
NTA (IX) 3-STAGE, 3
pH 3 (H2S04), 4 HR.
pH 4 (H2SO4), 4 HR.
pH 1.5 (H2S04), 4 H
pH 2 (H2S04), 4 HR.
pH 3 (H2S04), 4 HR.
pH 1.5 (H2S04), 4 H
pH 1 . 5 ( H2S04 ) , 4 H
6-13
-------
NOTES:
ECONOMIC ACHIEVABILITY PROTOCOL
Definition
"Economically achievable" for the purpose of this protocol
means that the cost of the pollution control device will not
cause the plant to shut down
Purpose
To determine if a particular pollution control device is
economically achievable
Scope
Applicable to "best professional judgments" about BAT
Typically requires use of "economic specialist"
6-14
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Best Professional Judgement (BPJ)
GIVEN; (a) NPDES Application Forms 1 and 2C from Luster Glass, Inc.
(b) 40 CFR Part 426 - Glass Manufacturing Point Source Category
(c) 40 CFR Part 423 - Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source
Category
(d) Selected NPDES permit abstracts
REQUIREMENT; Set a technology-based limit for zinc which is present in the
cooling tower blowdown using your BPJ.
QUESTIONS;
(1) Does 40 CFR Part 426 - Glass Manufacturing Point Source Category
regulations set an effluent limitation for zinc?
(2) Looking for reference limits for zinc in cooling tower blowdown, does 40
CFR Part 423 - Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category
effluent guidelines, contain effluent limitations for zinc?
If so, what are they? ;
(3) Looking for reference limits for zinc in cooling tower blowdown, do other
NPDES permits contain effluent limitations for zinc? (HINT: Use the
Keyword Index in the EPA NPDES Industrial Permit Abstracts; only refer to
facilities in Illinois (i.e., permit numbers beginning with IL)
discharging cooling water blowdown).
If so, which permit(s) and what limit(s) are used?
(4) What other resources could be considered in setting a BPJ effluent
limitation?
(5) Using the information you have been given, what effluent limitation could
be used as a basis for setting a limitation for zinc using BPJ? \
(6) Should you establish concentration or mass limits for zinc at Outfall 001?
Why?
(7) At what alternative location(s) could zinc limits be applied in the
permit?
6-15
-------
6-16
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§423.10
[Metric units (kg/kkg of product): English units (lb/1.000 Ib
ol product)]
Effluent characteristic
Total phosphorus (as P)
Fluoride (as F)
Effluent (imitations
Maximum
for any 1
day
0.56
.21
Average of dairy
values for 30
consecutive days
shall not
exceed
0.28
.11
CMetnc units (kg/kkg of product); English units (lb/1.000 Ib
of product)]
[44 FR 50744. Aug. 29. 1979]
§ 422.64 [Reserved]
§422.65 Standards of performance for
new sources.
The following limitations establish
the quantity or quality of pollutants
or pollutant properties, controlled by
this section, which may be discharged
by a point source subject to the provi-
sions of this subpart after application
of the standards of performance for
new sources:
[Metric units (kg/kkg of product): English units (to/1.000 to
of product)]
TSS
Total phosphorus (as P)
Fluoride (as F)
pH
Effluent imitations
Maximum
for any 1
day
0.35
.56
.21
()
Average of darty
values for 30
consecutive days
shall not
exceed
0.18
26
.11
(«)
1 Within the range 6.0 to 9.5.
§422.66 [Reserved]
§422.67 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best conventional pollutant control
technology.
Except as provided in 51125.30
through 125.32. the following limita-
tions establish the quantity or quality
of pollutants or pollutant properties,
controlled by this section, which may
be discharged by a point source sub-
ject to the provisions of this subpart
after application of the best conven-
tional pollutant control technology:
Effluent characteristic
TSS
pH
Effluent k
Maximum for
any 1 day
035
(')
nutations
Average of
dariy values
for 30
consecutive
days snail not
exceed
0 18
( ')
Within the range 6.0 to 9.5.
[51 FR 25000. July 9. 1986]
PART 423STEAM ELECTRIC POWER
GENERATING POINT SOURCE CAT-
EGORY
Sec.
423.10 Applicability.
423.11 Specialized definitions.
423.12 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best practicable control technology cur-
rently available (BFT).
423.13 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best available technology economically
achievable (BAT).
423.14 Effluent limitations guidelines rep-
resenting the degree of effluent reduc-
tion attainable by the application of the
best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT). [Reserved]
423.15 New source performance standards
(NSPS).
423.16 Pretreatment standards for existing
sources (PSES).
423.17 Pretreatment standards for new
sources (PSNS).
APPENDIX A126 PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
AUTHORITY: Sees. 301; 304(b). (c). (e). and
(g); 306(b) and (c): 307(b) and (c); and 501.
Clean Water Act (Federal Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972, as amend-
ed by Clean Water Act of 1977) (the "Act":
33 U.S.C. 1311; 1314(b). (c). (e). and (g);
1316(b) and (c); 1317(b) and (c); and 1361: 86
Stat. 816. Pub. L. 92-500; 91 Stat. 1567. Pub.
L. 95-217).
SOURCE 47 FR 52304; Nov. 19. 1982. unless
otherwise noted.
§423.10 Applicability.
The provisions of this part are appli-
cable to discharges resulting from the
operation of a generating unit by an
40-149 O90 24
6-17
-------
§423.11
establishment primarily engaged in
the generation of electricity for distri-
bution and sale which results primari-
ly from a process utilizing fossil-type
fuel (coal. oil. or gas) or nuclear fuel in
conjunction with a thermal cycle em-
ploying the steam water system as the
thermodynamic medium.
§ 423.11 Specialized definition*.
In addition to the definitions set
forth in 40 CPR Part 401. the follow-
ing definitions apply to this part:
(a) The term "total residual chlo-
rine" (or total residual oxidants for
intake water with bromides) means
the value obtained using the ampero-
metric method for total residual chlo-
rine described in 40 CFR Part 136.
(b) The term "low volume waste
sources" means, taken collectively as if
from one source, wastewater from all
sources except those for which specific
limitations are otherwise established
in this part. Low volume wastes
sources include, but are not limited to:
wastewaters from wet scrubber air pol-
lution control systems, ion exchange
water treatment system, water treat-
ment evaporator blowdown, laboratory
and sampling streams, boiler blow-
cleaning wastes, and recircuiating
house service water systems. Sanitary
and air conditioning wastes are not in-
cluded.
(c) The term "chemical metal clean-
ing waste" means any wastewater re-
sulting from the cleaning of any metal
process equipment with chemical com-
pounds, including, but not limited to,
boiler tube cleaning.
(d) The term "metal cleaning waste"
means any wastewater resulting from
cleaning [with or without chemical
cleaning compounds] any metal proc-
ess equipment including, but not limit-
ed to, boiler tube cleaning, boiler fire-
side cleaning, and air preheater clean-
ing.
(e) The term "fly ash" means the
ash that is carried out of the furnace
by the gas stream and collected by me-
chanical precipitatcrs, electrostatic
precipitators. and/or fabric filters.
Economizer ash is included when it is
collected with fly ash.
(f) The term "bottom ash" means
the ash that drops out of the furnace
40 CFR Ch. I (7.L90 Edition)
gas stream in the furnace and in the
economizer sections. Economizer ash is
included when it is collected with
bottom ash.
(g) The term "once through cooling
water" means water passed through
the main cooling condensers in one or
two passes for the purpose of remov-
ing waste heat.
(h) The term "recirculated cooling
water" means water which is passed
through the main condensers for the
purpose of removing waste heat,
passed through a cooling device for
the purpose of removing such heat
from the water and then passed again.
except for blowdown, through the
main condenser.
(i) The term "10 year, 24/hour rain-
fall event" means a rainfall event with
a probable recurrence interval of once
in ten years as defined by the National
Weather Service in Technical Paper
No. 40. "Rainfall Frequency Atlas of
the United States," May 1961 or equiv-
alent regional rainfall probability in-
formation developed therefrom,
(j) The term "blowdown" means the
minimum discharge of recirculating
water for the purpose of discharging
materials contained in the water, the
i^- ^ yf which would cause
concentration in amounts exceeding
limits established by best engineering
practices.
(k) The term "average concentra-
tion" as it relates to chlorine discharge
means the average of analyses made
over a single period of chlorine release
which does not exceed two hours.
(1) The term "free available chlo-
rine" shall mean the value obtained
using the amperometric titration
method for free available chlorine de-
scribed in "Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and
Wastewater." page 112 (13th edition).
(m) The term "coal pile runoff"
means the rainfall runoff from or
through any coal storage pile.
§423.12 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best practicable control technology
currently available (BPT).
(a) In establishing the limitations
set forth in this section. EPA took
6-18
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
account all information it was able to
collect, develop and solicit with re-
spect to factors (such as age and size
of plant, utilization of facilities, raw
materials, manufacturing processes.
non-water quality environmental im-
pacts, control and treatment technolo-
gy available, energy requirements and
costs) which can affect the industry
subcategorization and effluent levels
established. It is. however, possible
that data which would affect these
limitations have not been available
and, as a result, these limitations
should be adjusted for certain plants
in this industry. An individual dis-
charger or other interested person
may submit evidence to the Regional
Administrator (or to the State, if the
State has the authority to issue
NPDES permits) that factors relating
to the equipment or facilities involved.
the process applied, or other such fac-
tors related to such discharger are
fundamentally different from the fac-
tors considered in the establishment
of the guidelines. On the basis of such
evidence or other available informa-
tion, the Regional Administrator (or
the State) will make a written finding
that such factors are or are not funda-
mentally different for that facility
compared to those specified in the De-
velopment Document. If such funda-
mentally different factors are found to
exist, the Regional Administrator or
the State shall establish for the dis-
charger effluent limitations in the
NPDES Permit either more or less
stringent than the limitations estab-
lished herein, to the extent dictated
by such fundamentally different fac-
tors. Such limitations must be ap-
proved by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
The Administrator may approve or
disapprove such limitations, specify
other limitations, or initiate proceed-
ings to revise these regulations. The
phrase "other such factors" appearing
above may include significant cost dif-
ferentials. In no event may a discharg-
er's impact on receiving water quality
be considered as a factor under this
paragraph.
(b) Any existing point source subject
to this subpart must achieve the fol-
lowing effluent limitations represent-
ing the degree of effluent reduction by
§ 423.12
the application of the best practicable
currently available
(1) The pH of all discharges excent
once through cooling water, shall be
within the range of 6.0-9.0.
(2) There shall be no discharge of
polychlorinated biphenyl compounds
such as those commonly used for
transformer fluid.
(3) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged from low volume waste
sources shall not exceed the quantity
determined by multiplying the flow of
low volume waste sources times the
concentration Used in the following
table:
TSS
Oil and JTMM
BPT affluent feniUtxxw
Maximum
for any 1
day (mg/l)
100.0
20.0
Avenge of
Maty value*
for 30
consecutive
days Shan
not xcotd
(mg/l)
30.0
15.0
(4) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in fly ash and bottom ash
transport water shall not exceed the
quantity determined by multiplying
the .flow of fly ash and bottom ash
transport water times the concentra-
tion listed in the following table:
TSS
BPT effluent limitations
Maximum
for any 1
day (mg/l)
100.0
20.0
Average of
daily value*
tor 30
consecutive
days snaR
not xottO;
(mg/I)
30.0
15.0
(5) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in metal cleaning wastes shall
not exceed the quantity determined by
multiplying the flow of metal cleaning
6-19
-------
§423.12
wastes times the concentration listed
In the following table:
Pollutam or pollutant property
TSS _
Oil and fjreaefti i . TI .in.
BPT effluent Imttationt
Maximum
tor any 1
day (mg/l)
100.0
20.0
1.0
1.0
Average of
daily values
tor 30
coneWdjtiv0
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
§ 423.13
6423.13 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best available technology economi-
cally achievable (BAT).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30
through 125.32, any existing point
source subject to this part must
achieve the following effluent limita-
tions representing the degree of efflu-
ent reduction attainable by the appli-
cation of the best available technology
economically achievable (BAT).
(a) There shall be no discharge of
polychlorinated biphenyl compounds
such as those commonly used for
transformer fluid.
(b)(l) For any plant with a total
rated electric generating capacity of 25
or more megawatts, the quantity of
pollutants discharged in once through
cooling water from each discharge
point shall not exceed the quantity de-
termined by multiplying the flow of
once through cooling water from each
discharge point times the concentra-
tion listed in the following table:
Total residual chlorine .
BAT Effluent Lunftttions
.
M&xirnuJit concent? AtkHi
(mg/l)
0.20
(2) Total residual chlorine may not
be discharged from any single generat-
ing unit for more than two hours per
day unless the discharger demon-
strates to the permitting authority
that discharge for more than two
hours is required for macroinverte-
brate control. Simultaneous multi-unit
chlorination is permitted.
(c)(l) For any plant with a total
rated generating capacity of less than
25 megawatts, the quantity of pollut-
ants discharged in once through cool-
ing water shall not exceed the quanti-
ty determined by multiplying the flow
of once through cooling water sources
times the concentration listed in the
following table:
Pollutant or pollutant property
Free available chlorine
BAT effluent kmitation*
Maximum
concenm-
ton (mg/l)
0.5
Average
concefiue-
boo (mg/l)
0.2
(2) Neither free available chlorine
nor total residual chlorine may be dis-
charged from any unit for more than
two hours in any one day and not
more than one unit in any plant may
discharge free available or total resid-
ual chlorine at any one time unless
the utility can demonstrate to the Re-
gional Administrator or State, if the
State has NPDES permit issuing au-
thority, that the units in a particular
location cannot operate at or below
this level of chlorination.
(d)(l) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in cooling tower blowdown
shall not exceed the quantity deter-
mined by multiplying the flow of cool-
ing tower blowdown times the concen-
tration listed below:
X
_,."
PoOutwit or Doth/hint property
^_ "TJiiitflfilfi j'HiLruiim
BATeffluen
Maximum
concentra*
toon (mg/l)
0.5
t limitation*
Average
concentra*
ton (mg/I)
07
Pollutant or pollutant property
The 126 priority pollutants (Ap-
pendbc A) contained tf\ cnemt*
cats added for cooling tower
maintenance* except
Zinc, total
Maximum
for any 1
day -
-------
§423.14
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-90 Edition)
ual chlorine at any one time unless
the utility can demonstrate to the Re-
gional Administrator or State, If the
State has NPDES permit issuing au-
thority, that the units in a particular
location cannot operate at or below
this level of chlorination.
(3) At the permitting authority's dis-
cretion, .instead of the monitoring
specified in 40 CFR 122.1Kb) compli-
ance with the limitations for the 126
priority pollutants in paragraph (dXl)
of this section may be determined by
engineering calculations which demon-
strate that the regulated pollutants
are not detectable in the final dis-
charge by the analytical methods in 40
CFR Part 136.
(e) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in chemical metal cleaning
wastes shall not exceed the quantity
determined by multiplying the flow of
chemical metal cleaning wastes times
the concentration listed in the follow-
ing table:
Copper
total .'
toon, total
Maximum
for any 1
day(mg/l)
1.0
1.0
Average of
daily values
for 30
consecutive
days shall
not exceed
-(mg/l)
1.0
1.0
(f) [ReservedNonchemical Metal
Cleaning Wastes].
(g) At the permitting authority's dis-
cretion, the quantity of pollutant al-
lowed to be discharged may be ex-
pressed as a concentration limitation
instead of the mass based limitations
specified in paragraphs (b) through (e)
of this section. Concentration limita-
tions shall be those concentrations
specified in this section.
(h) In the event that waste streams
from various sources are combined for
treatment or discharge, the quantity
of each pollutant or pollutant proper-
ty controlled in paragraphs (a)
through (g) of this section attributa-
ble to each controlled waste source
shall not exceed the specified limita-
tion for that waste source.
(The information collection requirements
contained in paragraphs (cX2) and (d)(2>
were approved by the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget under control number
2040-0040. The information collection re-
quirements contained in paragraph (d)(3)
were approved under control number 2040-
0033.)
[47 PR 52304. Nov. 19. 1982. as amended at
48 PR 31404. July 8. 1983]
§423.14 Effluent limitations guidelines
representing the degree of effluent re-
duction attainable by the application of
the best conventional pollutant control
technology (BCT). [Reserved]
9423.15 New source performance stand-
ards (NSPS).
Any new source subject to this sub-
part must achieve the following new
source performance standards:
(a) The pH of all discharges, except
once through cooling water, shall be
within the range of 6.0-9.0.
(b) There shall be no discharge of
polychlorinated biphenyl compounds
w~»»* uo viiose commonly used for
transformer fluid.
(c) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged from low volume waste
sources shall not exceed the quantity
determined by multiplying the flow of
low volume waste sources times the
concentration listed in the following
table:
Pollutant or pollutant property
TSS
Ofl Vld 9993*9 .tim. ...... .............i.
NSPSeffluei
Maximum
for any 1
day
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
the concentration listed in the follow-
ing table:
§423.15
PoOutvit or pottutaWt property
TSS _._
Gopptr total ,
Iron total
NSPS effluent hmitaliont
Maximum
tor any 1
day(mg/l)
100.0
20.0
1.0
1.0
Average of
daily value*
for 30
conaecutK*
daytahall
not exceed
(mg/0
30.0
15.0
1.0
1.0
(e) [ReservedNonchemical Metal
Cleaning Wastes].
(f) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in bottom ash transport water
shall not exceed the quantity deter-
mined by multiplying the flow of the
bottom ash transport water times the
concentration listed in the following
table:
PoOutant or pollutant property
T$S
NSPS effluent fcrttatom
Maximum
tor any 1
day (mg/0
100.0
20.0
Avarag* of
dairy value*
tor 30
conaecutive
daysshaM
not exceed
(mg/0
30.0
15.0
(g) There shall be no discharge of
wastewater pollutants from fly ash
transport water.
(h)(l) For any plant with a total
rated electric generating capacity of 25
or more megawatts, the quantity of
pollutants discharged in once through
cooling water from each discharge
point shall not exceed the quantity de-
termined by multiplying the flow of
once through cooling water from each
discharge point times the concentra-
tion listed in the following table:
PoQutant Of poMutant property
Total raaidui) chtorin*
NSPS «*»«
nwaiiwn
M**n*jm oono«n»tton
(mg/o
0.20
(2) Total residual chlorine may not
be discharged from any single generat-
ing unit for more than two hours per
day unless the discharger demon-
strates to the permitting authority
that discharge for more than two
hours is required for macroinverte-
brate control. Simultaneous multi-unit
chlorination is permitted.
(i)(l) For any plant with a total
rated generating capacity of less than
25 megawatts, the quantity of pollut-
ants discharged in once through cool-
ing water shall not exceed the quanti-
ty determined by multiplying the flow
of once through cooling water sources
times the concentration listed in the
following table:
PoNutaWit of poMutaVit property
/
NSPS effluent vrtitAttont
Mttdmum
conoenttfe-
ton (mo/0
0.5
Average
conoenfrar
ton (mo/I)
0.2
(2) Neither free available chlorine
nor total residual chlorine may be dis-
charged from any unit for more than
two hours in any one day and not
more than one unit in any plant may
discharge free available or total resid-
ual chlorine at any one time unless
the utility can demonstrate to the Re-
gional Administrator or State, if the
State has NPDES permit issuing au-
thority, that the units in a particular
location cannot operate at or below
this level of chlorination.
(J)(l) The quantity of pollutants dis-
charged in cooling tower blowdown
shall not exceed the quantity deter-
mined by multiplying the flow of cool-
ing tower blowdown times the concen-
tration listed below:
6-23
-------
§423.16
40 CFR Ch. I (7-1-90 Edition)
PoRutant or poNuttnt property
Free avalable chlorine
NSPS effluent KmftaborM
Maximum
concentra-
tion (mg/l)
0.5
Average
concentia-
tion (mg/l)
0.2
PoUutant or pottutarrt property
The 126
*>!-! rinr
pvnoDi
cats m
Cfafoni
priority pollutants (Ap-
A) uuiitajned in cnenv*
Ued for cooling tower
nance, except
Zinc, total
Maximum
for any 1
day (mg/l)
0)
0.2
: 1.0
Average of
dairy values
for 30
consecutive
days shad
-(mg/l)
C)
0.2
1.0
> No detectable amount
(2) Neither free available chlorine
nor total residual chlorine may be dis-
charged from any unit for more than
two hours in any one day and not
more than one unit in any plant may
discharge free available or total resid-
ual chlorine at any one time unless
gional Administrator or State, if the
State has NPDES permit issuing au-
thority, that the units in a particular
location cannot operate at or below
this level of chlorination.
(3) At the permitting authority's dis-
cretion, instead of the monitoring in
40 CFR 122.1Kb). compliance with the
limitations for the 126 priority pollut-
ants in paragraph (j)(l) of this section
may be determined by engineering cal-
culations which demonstrate that the
regulated pollutants are not detectable
in the final discharge by the analytical
methods in 40 CFR Part 136.
(k) Subject to the provisions of
§ 423.15(1). the quantity or quality of
pollutants or pollutant parameters dis-
charged in coal pile runoff shall not
exceed the limitations specified below:
PoUutant or pollutant property
TSS
NSPS
Not to
effluent limitations
for anytime
(1) Any untreated overflow from fa-
cilities designed, constructed, and op-
erated to treat the coal pile runoff
which results from a 10 year. 24 hour
rainfall event shall hot be subject to
the limitations in § 423.15(k).
(m) At the permitting authority's
discretion, the quantity of pollutant
allowed to be discharged may be ex-
pressed as a concentration limitation
instead of the mass based limitation
specified in paragraphs (c) through (j)
of this section. Concentration limits
shall be based on the concentrations
specified in this section.
(n) In the event that waste streams
from various sources are combined for
treatment or discharge, the quantity
of each pollutant or pollutant proper-
ty controlled in paragraphs (a)
through (m) of this section attributa-
ble to each controlled waste source
shall not exceed the specified limita-
tion for that waste source.
(The information collection requirements
contained in paragraphs (h)(2). (1X2). and
(JX2) were approved by the Office of Man-
agement and Budget under control number
2040-0040. The information collection re-
miir<»m*>nt.s cnntatned in paragraph (j)(3)
~=rc ^?z;~:~- -_..:cr control number 2040-
0033.)
[47 PR 52304, Nov. 19. 1982. as amended at
48 PR 31404. July 8. 1983]
§ 423.16 Pretreatment standards for exist-
ing sources (PSES).
Except as provided in 40 CFR 403.7
and 403.13. any existing source subject
to this subpart which introduces pol-
lutants into a publicly owned treat-
ment works must comply with 40 CFR
Part 403 and achieve the following
pretreatment standards for -existing
sources (PSES) by July 1. 1984:
(a) There shall be no discharge of
polychlorinated biphenol compounds
such as those used for transformer
fluid.
(b) The pollutants discharged in
chemical metal cleaning wastes shall
not exceed the concentration listed in
the following table:
6-24
-------
Environmental Protection Agency
Port 423, App. A
Copper total
PSES pretreatment
standards
Maximum for 1 day
(mg/l)
1.0
(c) [ReservedNonchemical Metal
Cleaning Wastes].
(d)(l) The pollutants discharged in
cooling tower blowdown shall not
exceed the concentration listed in the
following table:
Copper total ..
PSNS pretreatment
standards
Maximum for 1 day
(mg/l)
1 0
(c) [ReservedNonchemical Metal
Cleaning Wastes].
(dXl) The pollutants discharged in
cooling tower blowdown shall not
exceed the concentration listed in the
following table:
Pollutant or pollutant property
The 126 priority pollutants (Ap-
pendn A) containerl in chenv-
cab added for cooling tower
maintenance, except
Zinc, total
PSES pretreatment
standards
Maximum for any time
(mg/l)
0.2
1.0
1 No detectable amount
(2) At the permitting authority's dis-
cretion, instead of the monitoring in
40 CFR 122.11
-------
Port 423, App. A
40 CFft Ch. I (7.L90 Edition)
016 Chloroethane
018 Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
019 2-cbloroethyl vinyl ether (mixed)
020 2-chloronaphthalene
021 2.4. 6-trlchlorophenol
022 Parachlorometa cresol
023 Chloroform (tiichloromethane)
024 2-chlorophenol
025 1.2-dlchlorobenzene
026 1.3-dichlorobenzene
027 1.4-dlchlorobenzene
028 3.3-dlchlorobenzldine
029 1.1-dichloroethylene
030 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene
031 2,4-dIchlorophenol
032 1.2-dichloropropane
033 1.2-dichloropropylene (1.3-dlchloropro-
pene)
034 2.4-dimethylphenbl
035 2.4-dinitrotoluene
036 2.6-dlnltrotoluene
037 1.2-dlphenylhydrazine
038 Ethylbenzene
039 Pluoranthene
040 4-chlorophenyl phenyl ether
041 4-bromophenyl phenyl ether
042 Bis(2-chloroisppropyl) ether
043 Bis(2-chloroethoxy) methane
044 Methylene chloride (dlchloromethane)
045 Methyl chloride (dlchloromethane)
046 Methyl bromide (bromomethane)
047 Bromoform (tribromomethane)
048 Dichlorobromomethane
051 Chlorodlbromomethane
053 Hexachloremyeiopentaxuene
054 Isophorone
055 Naphthalene
056 Nitrobenzene
057 2-nitrophenol
058 4-nltrophenol
059 2,4-dlnltrophenql
060 4.6-dinltro-o-cresol
061 N-nltrosodimethylamlne
062 N-nltrosodiphenylamlne
063 N-nltrosodl-n-propylamln
064 Pentachlorophenol
065 Phenol
066 Bls(2-ethylhexyl> phthalate
067 Butyl benzyl phthalate
068 Dl-N-Butyl Phthalate
069 Dl-n-octyl phthalate
070 Dlethyl Phthalate
071 Dimethyl phthalate
072 1.2-benzanthracene (benzo(a) anthra-
cene
073 Benzo(a)pyrene (3.4-benzo-pyrene)
074 3.4-Benzofluoranthene
-------
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
AND MODELING
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Water quality standards
Beneficial uses
Water quality criteria
Antidegradation policy
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
A water quality standard defines the water quality goals of
a water body, or portion thereof, by designating the use or uses to be
made of the water and bv setting criteria necessary to protect the uses.
(40 CFR Part 131)
NOTES:
7-1
-------
ESTABLISHMENT OF
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
AH "waters of the U.S." have water quality standards
Water quality standards are adopted for each waterbody in a State
Segments of waterbodies
States are responsible for establishing water quality standards
Revised every 3 years
EPA has oversight
BENEFICIAL USES
Common uses
Public water supply
Fish and wildlife propagation
Recreation
Primary
Secondary
Agricultural
Industrial
Navigation
Outstanding national resources water
National and State parks
Wildlife refuge
Ecologically unique water that need additional protection
or are of special significance (i.e., swamps, hotsprings, etc.)
NOTES:
7-2
-------
STATE WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Numeric criteria
Concentrations of chemicals
Narrative criteria
"Free from..."
EPA WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Scientifically derived ambient limits that are developed by EPA
for various pollutants of concern
1968 Green
1973 Blue
1976 Red
1980 Toxics
1986 Gold
EPA develops 304(a) criteria goldbook
NOTES:
7-3
-------
ANTIDEGRADATION PLANS
Ensures that once a use is achieved it will be maintained
Each State is required to adopt an antidegradation policy and
method of implementation
EPA reviews State antidegradation plans
Antidegradation plans are designed to minimize adverse
effects of economic growth and development
COMPONENTS OF THE ANTIDEGRADATION POLICY
Level of quality necessary to protect the existing uses of a
water segment
Protection of actual water quality where water quality exceeds
levels necessary to protect fish and wildlife propagation and
recreation on and in the water
Special protection of waters designated as outstanding natural
resource waters
NOTES:
7-4
-------
BASIC CONCEPT
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) = Dilution x Criteria
Waste Load Allocation (WLA) = Fraction of TMDL
COMPONENTS OF TMDL
eserve Capacity
(Safety Factor
Other Loads
(Nonpoint Background)
NOTES:
7-5
-------
GENERAL MASS BALANCE FORMULA
QdCd + QsCs = QrCr
Qs, Cs Upstream Qd, Cd Discharge Qr, Cr Downstream
Qd = Waste discharge flow (mgd or cfs)
Cd = Pollutant concentration in waste discharge (mg/1)
Qs = Stream flow (mgd or cfs) above discharge point
Cs = Background instream pollutant concentration (mg/1)
V^r ^ on cam iiGW ~
Cr = Instream pollutant concentration (mg/1) after complete mixing
To determine pollutant concentration in the stream:
Cr_ OdCd + OsCs
Qr
NOTES:
7-6
-------
DILUTION FACTOR
Mass balance
QrCr = QdCd + QsCs
(Receiving Stream) (Discharge) (Upstream)
Solve for Cr:
c _ QdCd + QsCs
Qr
. IfCs = 0,then:
Cr = QdCd
Qr
Define Dilution Factor (DF) as Qr/Qd
Therefore: Cr = Cd/DF
NOTES:
7-7
-------
EXAMPLE
ABC, Inc. discharges treated wastewater from a zinc plating
process. The only pollutant found in measurable amounts is zinc. What
is the downstream receiving water concentration assuming zinc in the total
form, complete mixing, and no settling or biological uptake?
ABC, Inc.
Qs = Upstream river flow = 1.2 cfs
Qd = Discharge flow = 0.31 cfs
Cs = Upstream river cone. = 0.8 mg/I
Cd = Discharge concentration = 1.75 mg/1
Cr= CdOd + CsOs
Qr
Cr_ (1.75V0.31) + (0.8^1.2)
(OJ1+1.2)
Cr= 1.0 mg/1
NOTES:
7-8
-------
SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS IN THE WATER
QUALITY MODELING PROCESS
Conservative pollutants
Mitigated by natural stream dilution
Heavy metals
Non-conservative pollutants
Mitigated by natural stream dilution and biodegradation
in the receiving stream
BODS, ammonia, bacteria
EXAMPLE MODEL INPUTS
Stream flow
Wastewater flow
Upstream concentration
Effluent concentration
Reaction rates
Mixing zones
NOTES:
7-9
-------
DETERMINING THE NEED FOR AND
DERIVATION OF WATER QUALITY-
BASED LIMITS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
Determining when water quality-based limits are needed
Calculating water quality-based permit limits
DEVELOPMENT OF EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
FOR NPDES PERMITS
Develop Water Quality-Based
Limitations
Develop Technology-Based
Limitations
Effluent Guidelines
Best Professional Judgment
Compare Limitations
Apply the Most Stringent
NOTES:
8-1
-------
PROTECTING WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Getting data to make a decision
Permit application
Ask (308 authority)
Previous permit
Deciding to set limits
Follow 40 CFR §122.44(d)
Options: 1) Set limit
2) Monitor and reopener
3) Monitor
Setting limits
NOTES:
8-2
-------
USE OF WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
Water quality-based limitations are used when it has been
determined that more stringent limits than technology-based effluent
guidelines must be applied to a discharge in order to protect "designated
use" of the receiving waters. (40 CFR §122.44(d)(l))
WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
Limitations must control all pollutants which will cause, have the
reasonable potential to cause, or contribute to an excursion above any
State water quality standard. (40 CFR §122.44(d)(l)(i)>
NOTES:
8-3
-------
WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
Limits must consider (40 CFR §122.44(d)(ii)):
Effluent variability
Existing controls on point and non point sources
The sensitivity of species to toxicity testing
Where appropriate, the dilution of the effluent
WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
NUMERIC CRITERIA
If it is determined that a discharge causes, has the reasonable
/
potential to cause, or contributes to an in-stream excursion above the
allowable ambient concentration of a State numeric criteria within a
State water quality standard for:
An individual pollutant, then the permit must contain
effluent limits for that pollutant.
(40 CFR§122.44(d)(l)(iii))
Whole effluent toxicity, then the permit must contain effluent
limits for whole effluent toxicity.
(40 CFR §122.44(d)(l)(iv))
NOTES:
8-4
-------
WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
NARRATIVE CRITERIA
If it is determined that a discharge causes, has the
reasonable potential to cause, or contributes to an in-stream
excursion above a narrative criterion, the permit must contain
effluent limits for whole effluent toxicity. (40 CFR §122.44(d)(l)(v))
WATER QUALITY-BASED LIMITS
NARRATIVE CRITERIA
Where a State has not established a water quality criterion
for a specific pollutant
Use numeric water quality criterion derived from proposed
State criterion or State policy or regulations, supplemented
as appropriate
Use EPA's water quality criteria published under
Section 307(a) of the CWA, supplemented as appropriate
Use an indicator parameter for the pollutant of concern
(40 CFR §122.44(d)(l)(vi))
NOTES:
8-5
-------
DETERMINING THE NEED
Solve for Cr for both acute and chronic values
C dQd + CsQs
Qr
1Q10
7Q10
If Cr > State WQ standard, then need to establish a WQ limit.
If Cr < State WQ standard, then no need to establish a WQ limit.
*If Cr = State WQ standards or is slightly below must consider variability
of data in determining the need for WQ limit
NOTES:
8-6
-------
EXAMPLE
Cd(chronie)=1.2mg/l
Compare acute and chronic values for Cd
1.2 mg/1 <1.75 mg/1
Choose 1.2 mg/1 as maximum daily limit
NOTES:
o
-7
-------
EXAMPLE
ABC, Inc. discharges treated wastewater from a zinc plating
process. The only pollutant found in measurable amounts is zinc. What
is the maximum allowable concentration in the effluent assuming zinc
in the total form, complete mixing, and no settling or biological uptake.
A
ABC, Inc.
Qs
Qd
Cs
Cr
Cd
(acute)
Cd
(acute)
Upstream river flow / - 1.2 cfs
Discharge flow = 0.31 cfs
Upstream river cone. = 0.8 mg/1
Acute water quality standard = 1.0 mg/I
Cr(Od +Os) - CsOs
Qd
_ (1.0)r0.31 + 1.2) -
0.31
= 1.75 mg/1
NOTES:
8-8
-------
EPA TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR WATER
QUALITY-BASED TOXICS CONTROL
. Provides-the most current procedural recommendations and
guidance for identifying, analyzing, and controlling adverse water
quality impacts caused by toxic discharges.
Provides support to States and Regions for supplementing their
existing procedures.
WHAT YOU MUST DO
Protect acute and chronic water quality standards (and wasteload
allocations)
Write maximum daily and monthly average permit limits
NOTES:
8-9
-------
8-10
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Determining the Need for Chemical-Specific,
Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations
DIRECTIONS;
You are a permit writer and have received a permit renewal application
from a glass manufacturer, Luster Glass Inc. The previous permit was
issued using effluent limits derived from technology-based effluent
limitation guidelines and best professional judgement (BPJ). Since that
time, the State has revised its water quality standards to ensure aquatic
life protection. Therefore, you must determine whether water quality-
based limits are needed.
GIVEN;
Cr = (Cd)(Qd) + (Cs)(Qs)
(Qd + Qs)
where Cr = the receiving water concentration,
Cd = the effluent concentration,
Qd = the effluent flow,
Cs = the receiving water background concentration, and
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow.
Receiving Water
Effluent Background
Concentration (Cd)* s' Concentration (Cs)
Pollutant , (mq/11 (mq/1)
Lead 0.38 0
Zinc 0.21 0.07
* - Maximum daily concentration as reported ,in the discharge monitoring
reports
The State water quality regulations require that water quality standards
be achieved under the following critical receiving water flow conditions:
Chronic water quality standards:
7 day, 10 year return frequency flow (7Q10)
Acute water quality standards:
One-third (1/3) of the 7Q10 flow
The 7Q10 for the Illinois River is 70.9 cubic feet per second (cfs)
(1) Calculate the following receiving water concentrations (Cr) using the
equation and data 'supplied above.
(a) Zinc (acute) (c) Lead (acute)
(b) Zinc (chronic) (d) Lead (chronic)
8-11
-------
(2) Compare each receiving water concentration calculated in question (1) with
the State Water Quality Standard for aquatic life protection given in the
table below. Which one is larger? What does this mean? For which
pollutant(s) do you need to set a water quality-based limit?
STATE WATER QUALITY STANDARDS*
Acute Chronic
Protection Protection
Pollutant (gg/1)
Lead 82 3.2
Zinc 120 110
* - All State standards are applied as "not to exceed" concentrations.
(3) What effect would a stream flow (Qg) of 0 cfs have on the receiving water
concentration? What about a stream flow of 500 cfs?
(4) Are there other pollutants that are discharged that should be evaluated
for chemical-specific water quality-based effluent limitations?
If yes, then list the pollutants and briefly explain why below:
8-12
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Calculating Chemical Specific Water Quality-Based Limits
DIRECTIONS;
Assuming there is a need for chemical specific water quality-based
limitations for lead and zinc discharges from Luster Glass, Inc.,
calculate the end-of-pipe effluent limitations using the following
procedure.
GIVEN;
The following equation is used to calculate the effluent
concentration [which is commonly referred to as the waste load
allocation (VILA) ] that will ensure protection of the water quality
standard.
Cd = WLA = Cr (Qd + Qs) - (Cs)(Qs)
Qd
where Cd » WLA waste load allocation,
Cr the applicable water quality standard,
Qd = the effluent flow =7.06 cfs,
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow, and
Cs = the receiving water background concentration.
Cr * Acute State Water Cs « Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concent rat ion
Lead 0.082 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.12 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
Cr = Chronic State Water Cs = Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concent rat ion
Lead 0.0032 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.11 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
Qs - 70.9 cfs (for chronic protection)
Qs - 23.6 cfs (for acute protection)
(1) Calculate the waste load allocations for lead using the equation and data
supplied above.
(a) Lead (acute)
(b) Lead (chronic)
8-13
-------
(2) Calculate the waste load allocations for zinc using the equation and data
supplied above.
(a) Zinc (acute) __
(b) Zinc (chronic) . .
(3) Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never to be
exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective of the most
stringent waste load allocation), calculate a maximum daily limitation
(MDL) and an average monthly limitation (AML) for lead and zinc using the
waste load allocations calculated above. [Note: Assume a ratio of daily
maximum to monthly average of 1.6 for lead and 1.0 for zinc based upon
effluent guideline for BAT.]
(4) Compare the chemical specific water quality-based limits calculated above
with the technology-based effluent limitations given below for Outfall
001. In which case(s) is (are) the water quality based limit(s) less
stringent?
Technology-Based Effluent Limitations
Pollutant Maximum Daily Average Monthly
Lead 0.62 mg/1 0.38 mg/1
Zinc 0.1 mg/1 0.1 mg/1
8-14
-------
WHOLE EFFLUENT TOXICITY (WET)
The total toxic effect of an effluent measured directly with a
^
toxicity test.
WET TESTS
Acute
Endpoint: Mortality
Test duration: 48 hours
Chronic
Endpoint: Mortality, growth, reproduction, etc.
, Test duration: 96 hours
NOTES:
8-15
-------
DEFINITION OF LC
50
Concentration of a toxicant which is lethal to 50 percent of the
exposed organism.
EXAMPLE OF ACUTE TEST DATA
Effluent Concentration
100% 50% 25% 12.5% 6.25%
100
80
40
% Mortality
20
0
100
u
I
H 10
u.
u.
Ul
f-
UJ
u
o:
LC, -30*
I
20 40 60
PERCENT MORTALITY
80
100
3-16
8-9
-------
DEFINITION OF NOEC
No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) - the highest
concentration of an effluent or a toxicant at which no adverse
effects are\)bserved on the aquatic test organisms.
DEFINITION OF LOEC
Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) the lowest
concentration of an effluent or toxicant that results in observable
adverse effects in the aquatic test population.
RESPONSE CURVE FOR CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA
CHRONIC TEST
35 -,
30 -
I 25 -
fc 20 -
1 15 -
1
f 1° -
5 -
0 -
^NOE
\
\
/
C
\ *
\ ,LOEC
A
\ \ 1 1 1 1 1 I II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 100
Percent Effluent (log scale)
NOTES:
8-17
-------
EXAMPLES OF TOXIC UNITS (TU)
Acute: Assuming LC^ = 28%
TO. '"
28
TUa = 3.6
Chronic: Assuming NOEC = 10%
. TO=
NOEC
TU -
10
TUe = 10
DEFINITION OF ACUTE-CHRONIC RATIO
Acute-chronic ratio (ACR) - the ratio of the acute toxicity
of an effluent or a toxicant to its chronic toxicity. It is used as a
factor for estimating chronic toxicity on the basis of acute toxicity
data, or for estimating acute toxicity on the basis of chronic toxicity
data.
Example:
ACR=
NOEC TU
~
28%
_ L = _
NOEC 10%
ACR= 2.8
8-18
-------
PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations
DIRECTIONS;
Preliminary examination of toxicity testing data submitted by Luster
Glass, Inc. indicates that toxicity is present in the effluent discharged
to the Illinois River. Therefore, you must determine if there is a need
for developing whole effluent toxicity (WET) effluent limitations for the
Luster Glass permit. If you determine a need for WET effluent
limitations, then calculate those limits.
GIVEN;
Where
Cr = (Cd)(Qd) + (Cs)(Qs)
(Qd + Qs)
Cr = receiving water concentration
Cd = effluent concentration
Qd = effluent flow
Cs = receiving water background concentration
Qs = appropriate receiving water flow
Toxicity Data (Fathead minnows) from Discharge Monitoring Reports:
Average
(% effluent)
58.0
25.2
55.0
46.3
44.8
5.9
67.8
3.9
50.1
52.0
32.1
41.7
40.2
NOEC
(% effluent)
50
3
10
30
25
1
10
1
30
10
3
30
16
Acute to Chronic
Ratio
4.5
(1) Select the effluent concentrations (Cd) for acute (LC^,) and chronic (NOEC)
toxicity representing the most toxic concentration and convert into toxic
units (TU).
Acute
Chronic
8-19
-------
(2) Calculate the receiving water concentration (Cr) in toxic units for both
acute and chronic toxicity given the following:
Cs = 0
Q3 = 23.6 cfs (for acute protection)
Qs = 70.9 cfs (the 7Q10 for chronic protection)
Qd = 7.06 cfs
Acute
Chronic
(3) Determine the need for WET limitations by comparing each receiving water
concentration calculated in question (2) with the State water quality
standards for acute and chronic protection. Given that:
State Water Quality Standard for Acute Prataction - 0.3 TU.
State Water Quality Standard for Chronic Protection - 1.0 TUC
Are WET effluent limitations necessary? Explain your answer.
(4) If it was determined in question (3) above that WET limitations are
needed, then calculate the waste load allocations for acute and chronic
WET using the following equation:
Cd = WLA = Cr (Qd + Qs) - (Cs)(Qs)
Qd
8-20
-------
(5) Convert the acute WLA (in TU.) to TUC using the acute to chronic ratio
(ACR) provided with the toxicity data.
(6) Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never to be
exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective of the most
stringent waste load allocation), calculate a maximum daily limitation
(MOL) and an average monthly limitation (AML) for WET using the waste load
allocations calculated above. [Note: Assume a ratio of daily maximum to
monthly average of 1.6 for WET.]
8-21
-------
MONITORING CONDITIONS AND
ANALYTICAL METHODS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
General monitoring conditions
Permit writer's responsibility
Quality assurance/quality control
PURPOSE OF MONITORING
Determine compliance with permit conditions
Assess treatment efficiency
Establish a basis for enforcement actions
NOTES:
9-1
-------
MONITORING TYPES
Self monitoring
Permittee performs sampling and analysis; submits
results to regulatory authority on discharge monitoring
report (DMR)
Compliance monitoring
Permitting authority, or a designated representative,
performs a compliance inspection
ELEMENTS OF MONITORING
Sample location
Sample frequency
Type of sample
Test methods
Reporting
NOTES:
9-2
-------
SAMPLE LOCATION QUESTIONS
Is the sample point on the facility property?
Is the sample point accessible?
Will the results be representative?
Are monitoring internal points needed?
FREQUENCY CONSIDERATIONS
Size of facility
Type of treatment
Location of discharge
Frequency of discharge
Compliance history
Nature of pollutants
NOTES:
9-3
-------
EXAMPLE: MONITORING FREQUENCY
PLANT CAPACITY
(MGD)
0 - 0.099
0.1 - 0.99
1.0 - 4.99
>5.0
FLOW
Weekly
Daily
Record continuously
report daily
Record continuously
report daily
OTHER PARAMETERS
Quarterly
Monthly
Weekly
Daily
TYPES OF SAMPLING
Grab
Composite
Time proportional
Flow proportional
Continuous
NOTES:
9-4
-------
NOTES:
TEST METHODS
Analytical methods
40 CFR Part 136
Alternative methods
Whole Effluent Toxicity
Specific tests
Specific procedures
Use multiple species
Specify endpoints
Get QA/QC information
9-5
-------
FRESHWATER FISH
Fathead mirfnow: adult female (left) and breeding male
(right).
SALTWATER FISH
Silverside (Menidia)
9-6
-------
SALTWATER MYSID SHRIMP
Lateral and dorsal view of a typical mysid,
. 9-7
-------
ANALYTICAL GOSTS
Priority pollutants scan $1000 - $1500
(8080,8240,8270, cyanide, total phenols,
priority pollutant metals)
Purgeable holocarbons and aromatics $150 - $300
Gasoline (BTX) $50 - $150
Total organic carbon $40 - $75
BODS $25-$40
Metals
(As, Cd, Pb, Se, Sb, Ti) $10 - $20 each
(Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, $10 - $20 each
Na, Ni, V, Zn)
Hex-chrome $25-$50
Cyanide (total) $25 - $50
Phenols (total) $40-$75
PCP $120-$165
Pesticides $100 - $200
Herbicides $110 - $250
EP Toxicity (metals) . $125 - $175
Oil and grease $25 - $50
Odor, color, turbidity $20 - $35
Total suspended solids $10 - $20
Volatile organics (VGA) $200 - $300
Chlorinated pesticides and PCBs $125 - $200
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) $150 - $200
Fecal coliform $10 - $25
NOTES:
9-8.
-------
PERMIT ANALYTICAL COSTS (ANNUAL)
PERMIT NO. 1
Times Unit Annual
Per Year Cost($) CostfS)
BOD5 104 30 3420
TSS 104 15 1360
Fecal Coliform 104 15 1,560
Oil and Grease 104 35 3,640
Total
PERMIT ANALYTICAL COSTS (ANNUAL)
PERMIT NO. 2
X
Times Unit Annual
Per Year CostfS) Cost($)
Priority Pollutants 4 1,250 5,000
Phenols 52 50 2,600
BOD5 156 30 4,680
TSS 156 15 2,340
BTX 52 100 5,200
Nickel 156 15 2,340
Chromium 156 15 2,340
Copper 156 15 2,340
Lead 156 15 2,340
Zinc 156 15 2,340
Cyanide 52 35 1,820
Hardness 156 15 2.340
Total 35,680
9-9
-------
QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL
Standard operating procedures manual
Standard test protocols
Reference toxicant testing
Chain-of-custody
Data logs
Laboratory certification
REPORTING
What is reported
When is information reported
Who is responsible for reporting
What format is used for reporting
RECORD KEEPING
How long are records kept
What kind of records
Where are the records maintained
Who keeps the records
9-10
-------
MUNICIPAL NPDES PERMIT
DEVELOPMENT
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Permit applications
Development of effluent limits
Special conditions
Pretreatment
Sludge
Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)
Key responsibiliti
is of the municipal permit writer
SOURCES OF FACILITY INFORMATION
Application Form 1 and Form A (2A)
Supplemental information (sludge, toxicity, pretreatment, CSOs)
Construction grants "NEEDS"
Solid waste agencies
Pretreatment program submission
Annual pretreatment performance report
Pretreatment audit/PCI
NOTES:
10-1
-------
TECHNOLOGY-BASED REQUIREMENTS FOR
MUNICIPAL DISCHARGERS SECONDARY TREATMENT
(40 CFR PART 133)
30 Dav Avg. 7 Dav Avg.
5 - Day BOD 30 mg/1 45 mg/1
TSS 30 mg/1 45 mg/1
pH 6-9
Removal 85% BOD5 and TSS
EXCEPTIONS/ALTERNATIVES TO SECONDARY
TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
Substitution of CBODS for BODS [§133.102(a)(4))]
Substitution of COD or TOC for BODS [§133.104(b>]
Adjustments to reflect:
Combined sewers [§§133.103(a-e>]
Industrial wastes
Waste stabilization ponds
Less concentrated influent for separate
sewers
Less concentrated influent for combined
sewers
Treatment Equivalent to Secondary [§133.105]
Waiver from secondary treatment for marine [§§125.56-125.67]
discharges
10-2
-------
EQUIVALENT TO SECONDARY
Must be trickling filter or lagoon
Biological treatment = 51+% treatment
Plant exceeds 30/30 with proper O & M
Water quality not adversely affected
E.T.S. limits:
Up to 45 mg/1 (30 day average)
Up to 65 mg/1 (7 day average)
Not less than 65% removal
Guidance distributed December 1985
PRETREATMENT PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
What is pretreatment
Statutory authority
RoleofthePOTW
NPDES permit requirements
NOTES:
10-3
-------
NATIONAL PRETREATMENT PROGRAM
Major goal is controlling discharges in order to:
Prevent interference with POTW processes
Prevent pass through of pollutants
Protect sludge management options
Additional programmatic goals
Encourage recycling and reclamation
Ensure POTW personnel health and safety
NOTES:
10-4
-------
STATUTORY AUTHORITY - CLEAN WATER ACT
Section 307(b) - National Pretreatment Standards
Basis for technology-based National pretreatment
standards and general and specific prohibitions to prevent
pass through and interference
Provision for adjustment of technology-based standards
to account for POTW removal (through removal credits)
Section 402(b)(8) - NPDES Permit Requirements
POTWs must identify indirect dischargers
POTWs must establish local programs to ensure
compliance with pretreatment standards by indirect
dischargers
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS - GENERAL
PRETREATMENT REGULATIONS
(40 CFR PART 403)
Objectives:
Prevent pass through
Prevent interference, including protection of sludge use
and disposal
Promote reuse and reclamation of effluents and sludges
Elements:
National Pretreatment Standards
Requirements for POTW and State programs
Industrial and POTW reporting requirements
Effluent Limitations Guidelines (40 CFR 405-471)
Including categorical pretreatment standards
10-5
-------
NATIONAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS
Prohibited discharge standards
National categorical pretreatment standards
Local limits
PROHIBITED DISCHARGE STANDARDS
General prohibitions
Specific prohibitions
NOTES:
10-6
-------
SPECIFIC PROHIBITED DISCHARGES [§403.5(b)]
Fire/explosive hazard
Flashpoint less than 140°F/60°C
pH lower than 5.0
Solid or viscous substances which obstruct flow to the POTW
Any pollutant (including BOD) at flow or concentration rate which
interferes with t ic POTW
Thermal discharges causing headworks to exceed 104°F/40°C,
unless POTW designed for such temperatures
Petroleum/mineral oils causing interference or pass through
Pollutants which create toxic gases/fumes causing worker health and
safety problems
Trucked or hauled wastes except at points designated by the POTW
Generally, treatment cannot be achieved by dilution
NOTES:
10-7
-------
NATIONAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT
STANDARDS
Uniform, technology-based requirements for industries
in specific industrial categories
LOCAL LIMITS
Locally established limits, designed to implement the general
and specific prohibitions and achieve environmental objectives
Protection of water quality
Protection of sludge quality
Plant operations (e.g., inhibition)
Worker health and safety
Air emissions (future?)
NOTES:
10-8
-------
OVERVIEW OF PRETREATMENT PROGRAM PROCESS
Region/State
Identifies
POTWs
POTW Notified,
Requirement in
NPDES Permit
POTW Performs
Developmental
Work
POTW Prepares
and Submits
Program
Document
Rejects-
Region/State
Performs
PCI/Audit
^
Region/State
Requires
Implementation
In NPDES Permit
^
POTW Becomes
Control
Authority
^ Approves
Region/State
Reviews POTW
Program
Document
NOTES:
10-9
-------
PRETREATMENT PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Who?
POTWs>5MGD
POTWs < 5 MGD with past problems
What?
Legal authority
Industrial user survey
Individual control mechanisms for all SIUs
Compliance/enforcement
Resources
Data management
NPDES PERMITS DRIVE THE PRETREATMENT
PROGRAM BY REQUIRING:
Adequate legal authority
Maintain industrial user inventory
Develop/implement local limits
Issue individual control mechanisms to all SIUs
Conduct compliance monitoring activities
Take swift and effective enforcement
Perform data management and recordkeeping
Report to the approval authority (EPA or State)
Ensure public participation
10-10
-------
NOTES:
KEY RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE
MUNICIPAL PERMIT WRITER
Write a good permit
Identify need for, and set where appropriate, water quality-based
controls
Chemical-specific
WET
Incorporate pretreatment requirements
Incorporate sludge requirements
Incorporate CSO controls
Coordinate permit issuance with the pretreatment, sludge and
CSO coordinator/expert
10-11
-------
Organization of the Pretreatment Program and
Summary of Responsibilities
EPA Headquarters
Oversee Program Implementation at All Levels
Develop and Modify Regulations for the Pretreatment Program
Develop Policies to Clarify and Further Define the Program
Develop Technical Guidance for Program Implementation
Initiate Enforcement Action as Appropriate.
EPA Regions
Fulfill Approval Authority Responsibilities for States without Program Delegation
Oversee State Program Implementation
Initiate Enforcement Actions as Appropriate.
Approval Authorities
(NPDES States with Pretreatmenl Program Delegation)
Notify POTWs of Their Responsibilities
Review and Approve POTW Pretreatment Programs x"
Review Modifications to Categorical Pretreatment Standards
Oversee POTW Program Implementation
Provide Technical Guidance to POTWs
Regulate Industries in Nonpretreatment Cities
Initiate Enforcement Action Against Noncompliant POTWs or Industries.
Control Authorities
(POTWs with an Approved Pretreatment Program)
Develop and Maintain an Approved Pretreatment Program
Evaluate Compliance of Regulated Industrial Users
Initiate Enforcement Action Against Industries as Appropriate
Submit Reports to Approval Authority.
Develop Local Limits (or demonstrate that they arc not necessary)
Develop and Implement an Enforcement Response Plan
Industrial Users
Comply with Applicable Pretreatment Standards: Prohibited Discharge Standards.
Categorical Standards. Slate Requirements, and Local Limits
Comply with Federal and POTW Reporting Requirements.
10-12
-------
PRESENTATION PREVIEW
1. What is hazardous waste?
2. NPDES pretreatment implications
3. POTW RCRA permit -by-rule
4. Available guidance
ONLY
Ij
"SOLID" WASTES CAN BE
AZARDOUS WASTES
Solid wastes - any material which is:
Abandoned for disposal
Burned
Stored (even if to be reused later)
Treated/reconditioned
Accumulated for speculation
Exclusions
Wastes regulated by other Federal law
NPDES effluents
Radioactive materials
Sludge (depends on disposal practice)
Domestic sewage and any other wastes which mix with
domestic sewage in sewer
NOTES:
10-13
-------
RCRA REQUIREMENTS ASSUME THAT:
NPDES (secondary treatment) and pretreatment (local limits,
categorical standards, and prohibited discharges) adequately
address wastes being discharged to sewer systems
SOLID WASTES ARE HAZARDOUS WASTES IF:
They exhibit hazardous characteristics
Ignitable (flashpoint <140°F)
Corrosive (pH <2.5 or >12.5)
Reactive (unstable in water)
Toxic (TCLP test - 40 substances)
Exclusion for household wastes and special recycled
wastes: sludge conditioner or treatment aid at POTW
The waste/or process is listed in Federal or State regulations
NOTES:
10-14
-------
FOUR TYPES OF LISTED WASTES
1. Generic industrial sources (21)
2. Specific industrial processes (88)
3. Acutely hazardous chemicals (204)
4. Toxic (known characteristic wastes) (454)
PRESSURES TO DISPOSE OF HAZARDOUS
WASTES AT POTWS
Land ban and RCRA closure requirements make self-disposal
costly/impossible
Limited number of permitted TSDFs
Domestic sewage exclusion is attractive to generators
Increasing number of CERCLA cleanups approaching POTWs
for partial treatment
NOTES:
10-15
-------
NPDES PERMIT IMPLICATIONS OF
ACCEPTING HAZARDOUS WASTES
Inhibition of biological treatment (permit violation)
Pass through (permit violation)
Sludge contamination (permit violation)
Possible worker health and safety effects
Increased self-monitoring
Report new/changed influent
NPDES permit modification
PRETREATMENT IMPLICATIONS OF
ACCEPTING HAZARDOUS WASTES
Local limits analysis needed to determine acceptability of
waste
Local limits development
Designating and monitoring a receiving point for wastes
Treating the source as SIU: permitting, monitoring, tracking
and enforcement
New multijurisdictional issues
NOTES:
10-16
-------
RCRA IMPLICATIONS OF
ACCEPTING HAZARDOUS WASTES
POTW has duty to inform potential generators of RCRA
requirements for manifesting waste and proper disposal
Treating, storing, or disposing hazardous wastes requires
RCRA permit
POTWs having releases of hazardous wastes or hazardous
constituents may have to undertake corrective action
POTWs whose sludge is a characteristic waste must
manifest and dispose at a TSD facility
REQUIREMENTS FOR POTWs WITH RCRA
PERMITS-BY-RULE
NPDES permit/compliance with permit conditions
Waste received by POTW must comply with all pretreatment
requirements
EPA hazardous waste facility identification number
Hazardous waste manifest system and written operating
record at facility
Biannual reports to State or EPA region waste management
division
NOTES:
10-17
-------
CONTENTS OF PERMIT-BY-RULE RIDER PERMITS
Reporting duties:
Sample wastes
Report findings
Corrective action duties:
Interim emergency measures
Provide data and facility access
Develop C.A. plan/reopener
Implement plan within date certain
RIDER PERMIT ISSUANCE PROCESS
Duration -10 years
s~
Use RCRA procedures
Consolidate with NPDES when possible
Consolidation requires cooperation between programs
State program issuance complexities
NOTES:
10-18
-------
AVAILABLE RCRA/CERCLA GUIDANCE
RCRA information on hazardous wastes for POTWs (9/85)
Guidance for the identification of hazardous wastes delivered
to POTWs by truck, rail or dedicated pipe (6/87)
Guidance for implementing RCRA permit-by-rule requirements
at POTWs (7/87)
Policy on the dis<
into POTWs (4/8
harge of wastewater from CERCLA sites
5)
POTW AS A HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATOR
Effluent or sludge is hazardous
Contains listed waste
Exhibits characteristics
POTWs must:
Manifest wastes
Send to permitted TSDF
Hold long-term liability
NOTES:
10-19
-------
Reviled 07/91
o
o
SUMMARY STATUS OF NATIONAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS: MILESTONE DATES
FINAL REGULATIONS
Industry Category
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing
Coil Coating (Phase I)
Coil Coating (Canmaking)
Copper Forming
Electrical and Electronic
Components (Phase I)
Electrical and Electronic
Components (Phase II)
Electroplating
Inorganic Chemicals
(Interim, Phase I, and
Phase II)
Iron and Steel
Leather Tanning and
Finishing
Metal Finishing
Metal Molding and Casting
(Foundries)
Nonferrous Metals Forming
and Metal Powders
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
(Phase I)
40CFR
.Part.
4671
461
465
465
468
469
469
413
415
420
425
433
464
471'
421
Proposed
New Source
Rule Date
11-22-82
11-10-82
01-12-81
02-10-83
11-12-82
08-24-82
03-09-83
07-03-804
_
07-24-80
10-25-83
01-07-81
07-02-79
01-21-87
08-3 1-824
11-15-82
03-05-84
02-17-83
01-22-87
Promulgation
Date
10-24-83
03-09-84
12-01-82
11-17-83
08-15-83
04-08-83
12-14-83
01-28-81
07-15-83
07-20-77
06-29-82
08-22-84
05-27-82
1 1-23-82
04-04-88
07-15-83
10-30-85
08-23-85
0348-84
01-21-88
Effective
Date
12-07-83
04-23-84
01-17-83
01-02-84
09-26-83
05-l<»-83
01-27-84
03-30-81
08-29-83
07-20-77
08-12-82
10-05-84
\
07-10^82
01-06-83
05-04-88
08-29-83
12-13-85
10-07-85
04-23-84
03-07-88'
BMR Due Date
0644-84
10-20-84
07-16-83
06-30-84
03-25-84
11-15-83
07-25-84
09-26-81 (Non-integ.)
06-25-83 (Integrated)
02-25-84 (TTO)
01-16-78
05-09-83
0443-85
0446-83
0745-83
10-31-88
02-25-84
06-11-86
0445-86
10-20-84
0946-88
PSES
Compliance
Date
10-24-86
0349-87
1241-85
11-17-86
08-15-86
0741-84 (TTO)J
1148-85(As)
07-14-86
04-27-84 (Non-integ.)
06-30-84 (Integrated)
07-15-86 (TTO)
07-20-805
06-29-85
08-22-87
07-10-85
11-25-85
03-31-89 (Subpart C)«
06-30-84 (Part 433, TTO)7
07-10-85 (Part 420, TTO)
02-15-86 (Final)
10-31-88
08-23-88
0349-87
02-22-88 (Subpart J)'
90-Day
Compliance Repc
Due Date
01-22-87
0647-87
0341-86
02-15-87
11-13-86
09-29-84
0246-86
10-12-86
07-26-84
09-28-84
10-13-86
10-18-80
09-27-85
11-20-87
1048-85
02-23-86
06-29-89
09-28-84
1048-85
05-16-86
01-29-89
11-21-88
0647-87
0542-88
-------
Reviled 07/91
SUMMARY STATUS OF NATIONAL CATEGORICAL PRETREATMENT STANDARDS: MILESTONE DATES
FINAL REGULATIONS
H"*
0
I*
Industry Category
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
(Phase II)
Organic Chemicals, Plastics,
and Synthetic Fibers
Pesticide Chemicals
Petroleum Refining
Pharmaceuticals Manufacturing
Porcelain Enameling
Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard
Steam Electric Power Generation
Timber Products Processing
40CFR
.Part.
421
414
455
419
439
466
430,431
423
429
Proposed
New Source
Rule Date'
06-27-84
03-21-83
11-30-82
12-21-79
11-26-82
02-27-81
01-06-81
10-14-80
10-31-79
Promulgation
Date
09-20-85'°
11-05-87
10-04-85"
10-18-82
10-27-83
11-24-82
11-18-82
11-19-82
01-26-81
Effective
Date
11-04-85
12-21-87"
-
12-01-82
12-12-83
01-07-83
01-03-83
01-02-83
03-30-81
BMR Due Date
05-03-86
06-20-88
-
05-30-83
06-09-84
07-06-83
07-02-83
07-01-83
09-26-81
PSES
Compliance
Date
09-20-88
11-05-90
-
12-01-85
10-27-86
11-25-85
07-01-84
07-01-84
01-26-84
90-Day
Compliance Report
Due Date
12-19-88
02-04-91
-
03-01-85
01-25-87
02-23-86
09-29-84
09-29-84
04-25-84
Footnotes:
'The term "new source" means any building, structure, facility, or installation from which there is or may be a discharge of pollutants, the construction of which commenced after the publication
of proposed pretreatment standards under Section 307(c) of the Clean Water Act which will be applicable to such source if such standards are thereafter promulgated in accordance with that section,
provided that: (1) the construction occurs at a new or "greenfield" site; (2) the construction on an existing site "totally replaces" the process or production equipment causing the discharge; or
(3) the construction is "substantially" independent of an existing source at the same site.
'The Aluminum Forming Categorical Pretreatment Standards were revised on 12/27/88, as issued in 53 FR 52366. These revisions include relaxed pretreatment standards for existing sources.
New discharge limits were set for oil and grease for all subparts and for chromium, cyanide (T), zinc, and Total Toxic Organics (TTO) for the cleaning or etching rinse of Subparts C and D.
'The compliance date for TTO for facilities subject to existing source Electrical and Electronic Components, Phase I regulations, is July 1,1984. The compliance date for arsenic under this category
is November 8, 1985.
*The Electroplating proposed rule date is not used to determine the new source/existing source status of a facility. The Metal Finishing proposed rule date is used to make this determination for
all electroplating and metal finishing facilities.
-------
to
Reviled 07/91
SUMMARY STATUS OF NATIONAL CATEGORICAL FRETREATMENT STANDARDS: MILESTONE DATES
FINAL REGULATIONS
Footnotes (Continued):
'The compliance date for Subparts A, B, L, AL, AR, BA, and BC of the Inorganic Chemicals category is July 20, 1980. The compliance date for Subparts AJ, AU, BL, BM, BN, and BO (except
discharges from copper sulfate or nickel sulfate processes) is August 22, 1987. The compliance date for copper sulfate or nickel sulfate processes and for all Subparts of Part 415 not listed above
is June 29, 1985.
These dates apply only to Subpart C.
'Existing sources that are subject to the Metal Finishing standards in 40 CFR Part 433 must comply only with the interim limit for TTO by June 30, 1984. Plants also subject to the Iron and Steel
Manufacturing standards in 40 CFR Part 420 must comply with the interim TTO limit by Juiy 10, 1985. The compliance date for metals, cyanide, and final TTO is February 15, 1986, for all
sources.
These regulation ere revised on March 17, 1989, (54 FR 1 1346) to allow pollutant discharge from the tube reducing spent lubricant process of Subpart C and Subpart I provided nitrosamine
compound discharge limits are met.
These dates are for Subpart J, tungsten category.
'°On April 26, 1989, a modification of some Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing regulations were proposed (54 FR 1841 1).
"On June 29, 1989, part of the OCPSF regulations were remanded to EPA for additional consideration.
l2On July 25, 1986, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals remanded to the EPA the final regulation originally promulgated on October 4, 1985, for the Pesticide Chemicals category. EPA removed
the regulation from the Code of Federal Regulations on December 15, 1986 (40 FR 44911).
Note: The compliance date for any discharge that is subject to Pretreatmcnt Standards for New Source (PSNS) facilities is within 90 days of the date of the commencement of the discharge.
The Baseline Monitoring Report (BMR) for a new source is due 90 days prior to the commencement of discharge.
-------
A/R6-368/
CFR PART NUMBER
405
406
407
408
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES
o
to
GO
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
CATEGORY OF BGD
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES
Dairy Products
Processing
Grain Mills
Canned & Preserved
Fruits & Vegetables
Processing
Canned & Preserved
Seafood Processing
Sugar Processing
Textile Mills
Cement Manufacturing
Feedlots
Electroplating
Organic Chemicals
Manufacturing
Inorganic Chemicals
Manufacturing
Plastic & Synthetic
SUBCATEQORY
a) Dairy Products Processing
(Draft)
a) Grain Processing
(Draft)
b) Animal Feed. Breakfast Cereal &
Wheat (Draft)
a) Citrus, Apple & Potatoes (Draft)
a) Catfish. Crab. Shrimp (Draft)
b) Report to Congress,
Section 74 Seafood
Processing Executive Summary -
(Volumes Mil)
a) Beet (Final)
b)Cane
a) Textile Mills
b) Textile Mills (Rnal)
a) Cement Manufacturing (Draft)
a) Feedlots (Draft)
a) Copper, Nickel, Chrome and Zinc
(Draft)
b) Electroplating Pretreatment (Final)
a) Major Organic Product* (Draft)
\
b> Organic Chemicals &
Plastics & Synthetic Fibers
(Proposed)
a) Major Inorganic Chemical Products
(Draft)
b) Inorganic Chemicals (Proposed)
c) Inorganic Chemicals (Final)
a) Synthetic Resins (brail)
b) Synthetic Polymers
c) Organic Chemicals/Plastic^
Synthetic Fibers
BGD DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1-74/021-a
EPA 440/1-74/028-a
EPA440/1-74/039-a
EPA 440/1-74/027-a
EPA 440/1-74/0204
EPA 440/1-60/020
EPA 440/1-74/002-b
EPA 440/1-74/002-C
EPA440/1-74/002-*
EPA 440/1-62/0022
EPA 440/1-74/00541
EPA 440/1-74/001-a
EPA 440/1-74/0034
EPA 440/1-79/003
RPA 440/1-74/0094
EPA 440/1-63/0094
EPA 440/1-74/007-a
EPA 440/1-80/0074)
EPA 440/1-62/007
EPA 440/1-74/010-a
EPA 440/1-74/036
EPA 440/1-83/009 b
GPO STOCK NUMBER
5501-00898
5501-00844
5501-01007
5501-00790
5501-00920
5501-00117
5501-00826
5501-00903
5501-00866
5501-00842
5501-00816
5001-006812
5502-00121
5501-00815
5501-01012
NTIS ACCESSION NUMBER
PB238835/AS
PB238316/AS
PB240861/AS
PB238649/AS
PB238614/AS
PB81-182354
PB238462/AS
PB238147/AS
PB238832/AS
PB83-116871
PB238610/AS
PB238651/AS
PB238834/AS
PB80-196488
PB241905/AS
PB63-20562S
PB238611/AS
PB81-122632
PB82-265612
PB82-3924/AS
PB240862/AS
PB83 205625
-------
A/R6-36a/#26
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES (Continued)
CFR PART NUMBER
417
418
419
420
o
to
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
CATEGORY OF BCD
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES
Soaps & Detergent*
Manufacturing
Fertilizer
pstrol+ufn RvflnlnQ
Iron & Steel
Nonferrout Metalt
Manufacturing
Phosphate
Manufacturing
Steam Electric
PowerplanU
Ferroalloy
Leather Tanning
Glass Manufacturing
Asbestos
Manufacturing
SUBCATEGORY
) Soap* & Detergents (Draft)
a) Basic Fertilizer Chemicals (Draft)
b) Formulated Fertilizer (Draft)
a) Petroleum Refining (Draft)
b) Petroleum Refining (Proposed)
c) Petroleum Refining (Rnal)
a) Steel Making (Draft)
b) Iron & Steel
Volumes M/
c) Iron & Steel (Final)
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Volume VI
a) Bauxite Refining
b) Primary Aluminum Smelting
c) Secondary Aluminum Smelting
a) Phosphorus Derived Chemicals
(Draft)
a) Steam Electric Power
(Draft)
b) Steam Electric (Proposed)
a) Smelting & Slag Processing
(Draft)
a) Leather Tanning (Draft)
b) Leather Tanning (Rnal)
a) Pressed & Blown Glass
b) Insulation Fiberglass
c) Flat Glass
a) Building, Construction
and Paper (Dralt)
BGD DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA440/1-74/D18*
EPA 440/1-74/011-a
EPA 440/1-75/042-a
EPA 440/1-74/014-a
EPA 440/1-79/0144)
EPA 440/1-82/014
EPA 440/1-74/02441
EPA 440/1-80/024*
EPA 440/1-82/024
EPA 440/1-74/091-C
EPA 440/1-74/01W
EPA 440/1-74/019-e
EPA440/1-74/006-a
EPA 440/1-74/029*
EPA 440/1-80/029*
EPA 440/1-74/008-a
EPA 440/1-74/016-a
EPA 440/1-82/016
EPA 440/1-75/034-a
EPA 440/1-74/001-b
EPA 440/1-74/001-C
EPA440/1-74/017-a
GPO STOCK NUMBER
5501-00667
5501-00868
6501-01008
5501-00912
5501-00906
5501-00116
5501-00817
5501-00819
550340078
5501-01001
5501-00780
5501-00818
5501-01036
5501-00781
5501-00814
5501-00827
NTIS ACCESSION NUMBER
PB2SB613/AS
PB238652/AS
PB240863/AS
PB238612/AS
PB81-118413
PB83-172569
PB238837/AS
PB81-184384
PB82-240425
PB82-240433
PB82-240441
PB82-240458
PB82-240466
PB82-240484
PB128463/AS
PB234859/AS
PB238464/AS
PB241018/AS
PB230853/AS
PB81-119075
PB238650/AS
PB238648/AS
PB83-172593
PB128078/AS
PB238320/AS
-------
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES (Continued)
CFR PART NUMBER
428
429
430
431
o
to
en
432
433
434
436
440
455
CATEGORY OF BCD
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES
Rubber Processing
Timber Products
Processing
Pulp, Paper and
Paperboard
Builder's Paper &
Board Mills
Meat Products and
Rendering
Metal Finishing
Coal Mining
Mineral Mining
& Processing
Ore Mining
and Dressing
Pesticides
SUBCATEGORY
a) Tire & Synthetic
b) Fabricated & Reclaimed
Rubber
a) Plywood & Wood (Draft)
b) Timber Products (Final)
a) Unbleached Kraft and
Semi-chemical Pulp (Draft)
b) Pulp & Paper & Paperboard and
Builder's Paper & Board Mills
(Final)
o) Pulp. Paper ft Paperboard and
Builder's Paper & Board Mills
(Final)
a) Builder's Paper ft Roofing (Draft)
b) Pulp, Paper & Paperboard and
Builder's Paper ft Board Mills
(Final)
a) Red Meat Processing
b) Renderer
a) Metal Finishing (Proposed)
V,
b) Metal Finishing (Final)
a) Coal Mining (Proposed)
b) Coal Mining (Final)
a) Report to Congress
The Effects of Discharges from
Limestone Quarries on Water
Quality and Aquatic Biota
a) Volume I
b) Volume II
c) Ore Mining & Dressing (Proposed)
a) Pesticides
b) Pesticides (Proposed)
c) Test Methods for Non-Conventional
Pesticides Chemical Analysis
ol Industrial & Municipal Waste-
BGD DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1-74/0134
EPA 440/1-74/03041
EPA 440/1-74/0234
EPA 440/1-81/023
EPA 440/1-74/0254
EPA 440/142/025
EPA 440/1-82/025 ^,,
EPA 440/1-74/0264
EPA 440/1-82/025
EPA 440/1-74/0124
EPA 440/1-74/031
EPA 440/1-82/0914)
\
EPA 440/1-82/091
EPA440/1-81/057-b
EPA 440/1-82/057
EPA 440/1-82/059
EPA440/1-78/061-d
EPA 440/1-78/061-e
EPA440/1-82/061-b
EPA 440/1-76/0604
EPA 440/1-82/0794)
EPA 440/1-82/079*
GPO STOCK NUMBER
5501-00885
5501-01016
5501-00853
5501-00909
5501-00843
NTIS ACCESSION NUMBER
PB238609/AS
PB241916/AS
PB240811/AS
PB81-22728
PB238833/AS
PB81-163949
PB83-163949
PB238076/AS
PB83-163949
PB238076/AS
PB238836/AS
PB83-102004
PB34-115989
PB81-119296
PB83/108042
PB82-242207
PB286520/AS
PB286521/AS
PBS2 250952
PB285480/AS
PBft3-t53171
PB83 176636
-------
A/R6-36a/*26
DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS FOR EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS FOR SPECIFIC INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES (Continued)
Cm PART NUMBER
461
463
465
466
468
469
CATEGORY OF BGD
INDUSTRIAL STUDIES
Battery Manufacturing
Plastic Processing
Coll Coating
Porcelain
Copper Forming
SUBCATEGORY
a) Battery Manufacturing (Proposed)
a) Plastic Molding & Forming
(Proposed)
a) Cod Coating (Final)
b) CoV Coating Canmaklng (Final)
a) Porcelain (Proposed)
a) Copper (Final)
a) Electrical & Electronic
Components (Phrase I)
BGD DOCUMENT NUMBER
EPA 440/1-62/067*
EPA 440/1-84/069*
EPA 440/1-62/071
EPA 440/1-63/071
EPA 440/1-60/072-b
EPA 440/1-64/074
EPA 440/1-82/075*
GPO STOCK NUMBER
NTIS ACCESSION NUMBER
PB63-197921
PB64-171578
PB63-206542
PB64-196647
PB81-201527
PB84-192459
PB82-249673
o
to
o>
-------
o
to
Approved State NPDES Pennii Program
Approved Slate NPDES and
Preueatmeni Programs
{?
Gum
°*
0
American Snoot
O
PueitoRko
&*r
-«^«F>
Virgin liiindi
Figure 1-1. Status of State NPDES and Pretreatment Program Approvals, November 1990
Thirty-nine States and territories have federally approved NPDES programs. Twenty-seven States
have federally approved pretreatmeni programs.
Source: "Nations! Pretreatment Program Report to Congress"
(EPAf 21W-4004; July, 1991)
-------
o
I
NJ
00
Source: "National Pretreatment Program Report to Congress"
(EPA;2!W-4n
-------
MUNICIPAL SLUDGE
PERMIT CONDITIONS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Definition of sludge
N
Statutory requirements
Interim program
Implementation procedures
Long term program
NOTES:
ll-l
-------
STATUTORY AUTHORITY
FWPCA Provisions (1972)
Prohibit discharge without a permit
CWA Provisions (1977)
Sludge acknowledged as a resource
EPA must develop technical regulations
No implementation mechanism specified
Contrary POTW disposal unlawful
WQA Provisions (1987)
Renewed emphasis on developing technical
regulations
Requires that standards be implemented
through permits
, 405(d)(4) requires interim program x
NOTES:
11-2
-------
PART 503's MISSION:
Protect human health and the environment
and
Promote beneficial use
Accomplished through commitments to:
Sound science
and
Regulatory flexibility
NOTES:
11-3
-------
STRUCTURE OF PART 503
Use/disposal methods being considered for coverage
in the rule:
Subpart B -Land application
Subpart C - Surface disposal
Subpart E - Incineration
Standards/requirements for each use/disposal method:
Pollutant limits
Pathogen/vector attraction requirements
Management practices
Monitoring and recordkeeping requirements
Reporting requirements
NOTES:
11-4
-------
STRUCTURE OF PART 503
Subpart B Land Application
Covers beneficial use through application to:
Agricultural land
Forest, public contact sites, reclamation sites
Home lawns/gardens
General Requirements: Provide notice and necessary
information to recipients
Pathogen/vector requirements:
Pathogens: Either Class A (complete removal)
gr Class B (partial removal)
Vector controls
Pollutant limits:
For metals, limits would be expressed in 3 ways:
Cumulative loadings
Annual loading rates
Concentration limits
Reflect risk analysis for food, air, groundwater
pathways
Provide 10"4 risk protection to highly exposed
individuals
Management Practices: Narrative requirements to
protect wetlands, floodplains, etc.
Monitoring/Recordkeeping: POTWs and commercial
distributors and appliers
Reporting: Class I facilities
11-5
-------
STRUCTURE OF PART 503
Subpart C - Surface Disposal
Considering standards
which would include: but not include:
Monofills - Storage
Impoundment - Municipal landfills
Piles
Considering standards which would distinguish between sites with,
and sites without, liners.
Pollutant limits:
Numerical limits for metals and organics vary
according to site factors (groundwater quality,
liner)
Reflect risk analysis for air, groundwater
' pathways
Provide 10"4 risk protection to highly exposed
individuals
Pathogen/vector requirements:
Pathogens: Class A or B
Vector controls
NOTES:
11-6
-------
STRUCTURE OF PART 503
Subpart C - Surface Disposal (continued)
General Requirements:
Submit closure plan before closing site
Notify subsequent site owners
Management practices: Narrative requirements
to protect wetlands, endangered species, ensure
structural integrity collect leachate/runoff
Monitoring/Recorpkeeping
Reporting: Class I facilities
NOTES:
11-7
-------
STRUCTURE OF PART 503
Subpart E - Incineration
Covers the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge
incinerator only.
Considering standards like those proposed in
November 1990
General Requirements
Pollutant limits:
Numeric limits for metals and organics:
* Metals require site-specific air dispersion
modeling
* Organics use THC as surrogate
* Limits based on higher protectiveness:
105 risk
Management Practices: Continuous temperature,
THC, O2, moisture monitoring
Monitoring/Recordkeeping
Reporting: Class I facilities
NOTES:
11-8
-------
DOMESTIC SEPTAGE
Land Application
Application Rate Limit
Hydraulic loading rate based on nitrogen demand
Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
Treatment to pH 12 for 30 minutes
Site Restriction
Food and feed crops
Public access
Other Requirements
X
« ""'
, Threatened and endangered species
Frozen, snow-covered, or flooded land
Wetlands
NOTES:
11-9
-------
DOMESTIC SEPTAGE
Surface Disposal
Pathogen and Vector Attraction Reduction
Treatment to pH of 12 for 30 minutes
Minimum Frequency of Monitoring
Each container must be monitored
Other Requirements
All other requirements apply
NOTES:
11-10
-------
IMPLEMENTING PART 503
THROUGH PERMITS
Part 503 intended to be self implementing . . .
ill affect all parties involved in sludge generation,
handling, treatment, use, and disposal
will be directly enforceable
will be effective one year after publication
. . .but also administered through permits
CWA 405(f): Any section 402 permit issued to a POTW or
other "treatment works treating domestic sewage" shall include
sludge use and disposal requirements
Sludge permitting regulations, promulgated 5/2/89 (54 FR 18716),
establish framework for sludge permitting and State sludge
programs
X
Our task: Dovetail new technical standards with existing
programmatic framework
NOTES:
ll-li
-------
IMPLEMENTING PART 503
THROUGH PERMITS
Who must apply for a permit?
Sludge permitting regulations require applications from all
"Treatment Works Treating Domestic Sewage," i.e. -
All POTWs
All other generators of sewage sludge
All entities providing treatment (including commercial blenders,
commercial fertilizer manufacturers)
All entities providing disposal (including sludge-only landfills,
incinerators)
Parties not required to apply for a permit, but with certain
Part 503 compliance responsibilities:
Commercial sludge land appliers/haulers, unless designated as a
TWTDS (subject to some management practices, recordkeeping
and reporting requirements)
Septage haulers/appliers, unless designated as a TWTDS
(subject to limited notification and recordkeeping requirements)
Farmers, landowners (still must meet site access restrictions
in some cases)
NOTES:
11-12
-------
IMPLEMENTING PART 503
THROUGH PERMITS
When must an application be submitted?
Current sludge permitting regulations (§ 122.21 (c)) require either:
Within 120 days of applicable use and disposal standards;
or
With next NPDES permit application, if sooner.
NOTES:
11-13
-------
IMPLEMENTING PART 503 THROUGH PERMITS
Proposed expedited rule (May 27, 1992; 57 FR 22197)
would phase in applications:
Applications within 180 days of promulgation, for facilities
needing site-specific limits (incinerators and some surface
disposal sites)
Preliminary screening information within 1 year for
non-NPDES (sludge-only) facilities
Applications for TWTDS as their NPDES permits expire
Status of proposed rule:
Comment period closed June 26
12 comments received; generally supportive
X
Publication of final rule expected in November 1992
NOTES:
11-14
-------
ADVANTAGES OF A PERMIT
1. General/Process Considerations
Provides an effective way to bring newly regulated facilities
into the program (e.g., sludge-only facilities)
Adds certainty to each party's obligations
Facilitates compliance
Provides a limited defense in legal actions when permit
compliance is demonstrated
Allows for public participation and can improve public
perception
2. Experience with self-implementation shows that it
is not the most effective means of implementation
/
' No known Federal enforcement actions related to Part 257
Pretreatment program was recently revised to require
"individual control mechanisms" for significant industrial
users
NOTES:
11-15
-------
ADVANTAGES OF A PERMIT
(continued)
3. Permit Content
Site-specific factors
Boilerplate
Duty to notify of change in use or disposal practice
Reopener clause
Duty to mitigate
Duty of proper operation and maintenance
Detailed monitoring and reporting requirements
Clarify the permittee's responsibilities and relationships with
additional parties (e.g., address interstate transfer issues)
Require pretreatment programs for non-discharging POTWs
NOTES:
11-16
-------
THE IMPACT OF THE FEDERAL PERMITS ON
EXISTING STATE PROGRAMS
Background
Many States already have strong programs
Many States are operating under interim agreements
Post 503
Interim agreements will no longer be valid
EPA AS THE PERMITTING AUTHORITY
Currently there are no approved State sewage sludge programs
Sludge data must be sent to EPA Regions
In States where EPA is implementing the NPDES program,
EPA can simply include the 503 standards into the NPDES
permits it issues. It will also issue sewage sludge permits
to non-NPDES TWTDS.
In States with approved NPDES programs, the NPDES
permittee will submit sewage sludge information to the Regional
EPA office.
NOTES:
11-17
-------
IMPACTS OF EPA-ISSUED SLUDGE
PERMITS ON STATE SLUDGE PROGRAMS
TWTDS will have to comply with both Federal and State
programs.
State sludge requirements are superseded if they are less stringent.
A TWTDS may need both a State and a Federal permit
If one program is more comprehensive, a TWTDS must comply
with the most comprehensive.
CONTROL OVER CHANGES IN USE OR DISPOSAL
PRACTICES THROUGH PERMITS
Permit may address several use or disposal methods
x
Permittees are required to provide notice of changes in use
or disposal practices
Permits can be modified, revoked and reissued, or terminated
when there are changes in use or disposal practices
NOTES:
11-18
-------
STORM WATER PERMITTING
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Storm Water Program Overview
Industrial Requirements
Municipal Requirements
NOTES:
12-1
-------
WATER QUALITY IMPACTS
ATTRIBUTABLE TO STORM WATER
Naturally, pollution from diffuse sources such as runoff from
agriculture and urban areas are the leading causes of water quality
impairment
Diffuse pollution sources are increasingly important as controls
for industrial process dischargers and POTWs are implemented
38 States have reported urban runoff as a major cause of use
impairment
21 States report construction site runoff as a major cause of use
impairment
In some municipalities, illicit connections to separate storm sewers
have had a significant adverse impact. Removing illicit discharges
presents opportunities for dramatic improvement in the quality
of storm water discharges from urban areas.
One study showed that 14% of the buildings studied within a
drainage basin had improper connections to storm sewers;
connections approved when the structures were built.
NOTES:
12-2
-------
CLEAN WATER ACT REQUIRES PHASED APPROACH
FOR PERMITTING STORM WATER DISCHARGES
Prior to 10/1/92, storm water permits are only required for:
Storm water regulated under an existing permit
Storm water that is associated with an industrial activity
Storm water that is discharged from municipal separate
storm sewers serving 100,000 or more persons
Administrator or State Director may designate, for permitting,
storm water discharges contributing to a violation of water
quality standards or which are significant contributors of
pollutants
All other storm water discharges are the subject of 2 EPA studies,
and subsequent regulation after 10/1/92
NOTES:
12-3
-------
STORM WATER DISCHARGE ASSOCIATED WITH
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Discharge from any conveyance which is used for collecting
and conveying storm water
Directly related to manufacturing, processing, or raw materials
storage areas
Located at an industrial plant
Other industrial facilities and operations
APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR STORM WATER
DISCHARGES ASSOCIATED WITH
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Discharges of storm water associated with industrial activity are
required to either:
Apply for an individual permit (Form 2F),
Apply for a permit through a group application, or
Seek coverage under a storm water general permit
using notice of intent
NOTES:
12-4
-------
INDUSTRIAL STORM WATER PERMIT
APPLICATION DEADLINES
Individual:
October 1,1992
Group:
Parti
September 30,1991
Review Period
60 days
Parti
October 1,1992
General Permit NOI
Non-Construction:
Existing: No later
than October 1,1992
New: 48 hrs. before
discharge
General Permit NOI
Construction:
Existing: No later
than October 1,1992
New: Before
construction starts
Estimated coverage: 100,000 facilities
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL
STORM WATER PERMITS
Permits must require the achievement of CWA 301 [effluent
limitations (BAT/BCT)] and water quality-based limitations
Permitted industries must continue to meet all existing
requirements of CWA 402
NOTES:
12-5
-------
MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEMS
Large system serving a population of 250,000 or more
Medium system - serving a population of 100,000 or more, but less
than 250,000
MUNICIPAL PERMIT APPLICATION DEADLINES
Medium
Municipalities
Large
Municipalities
Parti
May 18, 199;
i
r
November 18,
1991
Review Period
90 Days
90 Days
Part 2
May 17, 1993
November 16,
1992
Estimated coverage: 173 Cities and 47 Counties
NOTES:
12-6
-------
STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS FOR MUNICIPAL
SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM PERMITS
System or jurisdiction-wide permits allowed
Effectively prohibit non-storm water discharges into storm
sewers
Controls to reduce discharge of pollutants to MAXIMUM EXTENT
PRACTICABLE (MEP)
NOTES:
12-7
-------
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW (CSO)
PERMITTING
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
CSO Overview
Permitting Requirements
NOTES:
13-1
-------
cso
Definition
CSOs are flows from a combined sewer in excess of the interceptor
or regulator capacity that are discharged into a receiving water without
going to a Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW).
CSOs are point sources
CSOs are not bypasses
CSOs are not subject to secondary treatment regulations
CSOs are subject to BCT and BAT and State water
quality standards
NOTES:
13-2
-------
Typical Combined Sewer System Configuration
CO
I
co
Stormwater
connections
Sanitary
connections
/ Sump
opening
Overflow
Receiving Water
To wastewater
treatment plant
-------
CSO URBANIZED AREAS
13-4
-------
CSO PERMIT APPLICATION FORMS
Form 2A - Permitted in conjunction with a POTW
Form 2C - Permitted separately from a POTW
NOTES:
13-5
-------
CSO PERMITS
Permit issuance
Minimum technology-based limitations
Additional CSO control measures
Monitoring
NOTES:
13-6
-------
MINIMUM BCT/BAT LIMITATIONS
Prohibition of dry weather overflows;
Proper operation and regular maintenance programs for the
sewer system and combined sewer overflow points;
Maximum use of the collection system for storage;
Maximization of flow to the POTW for treatment;
Review and modification of pretreatment programs to assure
CSO impacts are minimized; and
Control of solid and floatable materials in CSO discharges.
NOTES:
13-7
-------
SPECIAL PERMIT CONDITIONS
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Additional nonregulatory monitoring
Compliance schedules in permits
Best management practices
ADDITIONAL NONREGULATORY MONITORING
Used to supplement controls
Used to collect data for future limit development
NOTES:
14-1
-------
COMPLIANCE SCHEDULES
40 CFR §122.47
Allows for establishing schedules of compliance that lead to
compliance with CWA and regulations
Interim dates if schedule exceeds 1 year from permit
issuance
Reporting 14 days following each interim date
NOTES:
14-2
-------
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY
Section 304(e)
The Administrator.. .may publish regulations supplemental
to effluent limitations for a class or category of point
sources for toxic or hazardous pollutants under Section 307(a)
or 311 of the Act to control:
Plant site runoff
Spillage or leaks
Sludge or waste disposal
Drainage from raw material storage
.. .which are associated with or ancillary to the industrial
manufacturing or treatment process and may contribute
significant amounts of such pollutants to navigable waters.
Section 402(a)(l)
X'
In the absence of BMPs promulgated for a category of point
sources (such as steel mills, petroleum refiners, etc.) under
authority of Section 304(e), permit writers may use the authority
of Section 402(a)(l) to place BMPs in permits on a case-by-case
basis
NOTES:
14-3
-------
USE BMPs WHEN...
Numerical limits are infeasible
In lieu of chemical analysis
Where history of leaks and spills exists
Housekeeping is sloppy
Facility is complex and toxic pollutant data lacking
Other options are too t xpensive
BMPs IN NPDES PERMITS
BMP plan
Site-specific BMPs
Facility-specific
Pollutant-specific
NOTES:
14-4
-------
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF A BMP PLAN
General requirements
Name and location of facility
Statement of BMP policy and objectives
Review by plant manager
Specific requirements
BMP committee
Risk identification and assessment
Reporting of BMP incidents
Materials compatibility
Good housekeeping
Preventive maintenance
Inspections and records
Security
Employee training
-X
BMPs ARE...
Flexible
Procedural
Qualitative
Most effectively used in conjunction with effluent limitations
in permits
NOTES:
14-5
-------
FLEXIBLE
Visual inspections,
Non-destructive testing, or
A dike or berm
PROCEDURAL
Conduct routine training
Maintain maintenance logs
Perform routine wall-thickness testing
QUALITATIVE
BMPs generally tell how or what, not how much
BUT BMPS ALSO MAY BE:
Construction
Instrumentation
Monitoring
Operation and maintenance
NOTES:
14-6
-------
BMPs SHOULD NOT:
Substitute for quantitative controls
Tell managers how to run their plants
Require costly methods when inexpensive ones will suffice
GENERIC BMPs
Preventive maintenance
Water conservation/non-use
Secondary containment
Nondestructive testing
Materials engineering
Materials handling
Visual inspections
Covering
Sealing
Packaging
Waste stream segregation
Source elimination
Good housekeeping
Alarm systems
Diverting
Paving
Runoff control
Sludge management
Training
Monitoring
Security
NOTES:
14-7
-------
14-8
-------
160A/Disk #1 - 11/4/91 - 1:25 PM
NPDES
Best Management Practices
GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
NPDES Technical Support Branch
June 1981
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PREFACE
During the period June 13, 1978, to February 26, 1979, Hydroscience, Inc., under
Contract No. 68-03-2568 to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), gathered
information leading to the identification of best management practices (BMPs) currently used
by industry. The result of the data gathering and analysis by Hydroscience, Inc. was a draft
report entitled "NPDES Best Management Practices Guidance Document" EPA 600/9-79-
045. In response to keen public interest in the draft report, EPA made the report available to
the public and provided a 45-day comment period. The comment period subsequently was
extended twice, resulting in a total 120-day comment period on the report. After evaluating
the comments received, EPA revis< d the draft report, and published the final document. This
document supersedes the Hydrosci tnce draft report dated December, 1979.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this document is to assist National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permitting authorities, compliance officers, and permit applicants to
develop Best Management Practices (BMP) plans for industry. BMPs are authorized under
the 1977 Clean Water Act for the control of discharges to receiving waters of significant
amounts of any pollutant listed as hazardous under Section 311 of the Act or toxic under
Section 307 of the Act from activities which are associated with or ancillary to industrial
manufacturing or treatment processes. The general types of discharges to be controlled by
BMPs are plant site runoff, spillage and leaks, sludge and waste disposal and drainage from
material storage areas.
This document provides a basis for developing BMP plans. The proper use of the
document requires engineering experience with industrial manufacturing and treatment
processes and knowledge of current laws and regulations applicable to NPDES permits, BMP
plans, and Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) plans.
The guidance herein is based on a review by Hydroscience, Inc. (EPA Contract No. 68-
03-2568) of current practices used by industry to control the non-routine discharge of toxic
_/
pollutants and hazardous substances. Included in the review are published articles and
reports, technical bulletins (also termed material safety data sheets) on specific compounds,
and discussions with industry through telephone contacts, written questionnaires, and site
visits.
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 established the objective
of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's
waters. This objective has remained unchanged in the 1977 amendments to the Act,
commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act of 1977, hereinafter "the Act." To achieve this
end, the Act sets forth a series of goals, including the goal of eliminating the discharge of
pollutants into navigable waters by 1985. The principal mechanism for reducing the discharge
of pollutants from point source is through implementation of the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) established by Section 402 of the Act.
At the time of first round NPDES permit issuance, conventional pollutants (BOD, pH,
TSS, etc.) were considered the parameters which most urgently needed controls. In second
round permitting, however, the Agency emphasis is shifting from the conventional pollutants
to the control of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances.
Traditionally, NPDES permits have contained chemical-specific numerical effluent
limits. Effluent guidelines are not always available to prescribe these effluent limits nor to
guarantee water quality sufficient for the protection of indigenous aquatic life. To improve
water quality, the Act provides for water pollution controls supplemental to effluent
limitations guidelines. Best Management Practices (BMPs) are one such supplemental
control. Pursuant to sections 304 and 402 of the Act, BMPs may be incorporated as permit
conditions. In the context of the NPDES program, BMPs are actions or procedures to prevent
or minimize the potential for the release of toxic pollutants or hazardous substances in
significant amounts to surface waters. BMPs, although normally qualitative, are expected to
be most effective when used in conjunction with numerical effluent limits in NPDES permits.
STATUTORY AUTHORITY
Section 304(e) of the Act authorized the Administrator to publish regulations to control
discharges of significant amounts of toxic pollutants listed under Section 307 or hazardous
substances listed under Section 311 from activities which the Administrator determines are
associated with or ancillary to industrial manufacturing or treatment processes. The
discharges to be controlled by BMPs are plant site runoff, spillage or leaks, sludge or waste
disposal, and drainage from raw material storage.
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Section 402(a)(l) of the Act allows the Administrator to prescribe conditions in a
permit determined necessary to carry out the provisions of the Act. BMPs are one such
condition.
BMPs are intended to complement other regulatory requirements imposed by RCRA,
OSHA, the Clean Air Act, and SPCC plans for hazardous substances under the Clean Water
Act. Pursuant to Section 311 of the Act, EPA has proposed (40 CFR Part 151) requirements
for SPCC plans to prevent discharges of hazardous substances from facilities subject to
NPDES permitting requirements. The guidelines proposed for hazardous substances SPCC
plans are very similar to those required for oil SPCC plans in the Oil Pollution Prevention
Regulations, (40 CFR Part 112). Since the Agency has received favorable comments about
the Oil Pollution Prevention Regulations, the NPDES BMP regulation has been structured to
be similar to the oil SPCC regulation.
BMP REGULATORY HISTORY
On September 1, 1978, EPA proposed regulations (43 FR 39282) addressing the use of
procedures to control discharges from activities associated with or ancillary to industrial
manufacturing or treatment processes. The proposed rule indicated how best management
practices would be imposed in NPDES permits to prevent the release of toxic and hazardous
pollutants to surface waters. The proposed regulation 'was incorporated as "40 CFR Pan
125, Subpart L - Criteria and Standards for Best Management Practices Authorized Under
Section 304(e) of the Act" on the August 21, 1978, proposed NPDES regulations (43 FR
37078). A 60-day comment period on proposed Subpart L was provided.
After evaluating the comments received on the proposed regulation, EPA revised
Subpart L and promulgated the regulation as Subpart K (44 FR 32954-5) on June 7, 1979.
Industries regulated by Subpart K were to develop a BMP program and submit the program
with their permit application. Subpart K stated that information on the development of BMP
programs was contained in a publication entitled "NPDES Best Management Practices
Guidance Document." Subpart K was to become effective on August 13, 1979. However,
publication of the report was delayed beyond August 13, 1979. Therefore, on August 10,
1979, EPA deferred applicability of the BMP portions of the NPDES regulations until 60 days
after publication in the Federal Register of a notice of availability of the final document (44 FR
47063). EPA announced on March 20, 1980 the availability of the draft report and provided a
45-day comment period (45 FR 17997), which subsequently was extended twice, resulting in
a 120-day comment period on the report. Based on public comments on the draft report and
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further discussion with industry, the Agency revised the draft report and published this
guidance document.
FINAL BMP REGULATION
[Reserved]
FINAL GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
[Reserved]
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SECTION II
USE OF THE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT
This document should be used for guidance in developing BMP plans. The document is
not intended to specify site-specific or pollutant-specific BMPs. As its name suggests, the
NPDES Best Management Practices Guidance Document is to be considered guidance by
NPDES permitting authorities, compliance officers, permit applicants and permittees and
should be used in a flexible manner in the formulation of BMP plans. Consequently, the
document identifies elements of each specific requirement that should be considered in the
development of the BMP plan, but does not require that each element be included in every
facility's BMP plan.
In utilizing this document to develop a BMP plan, the applicant/permittee is encouraged
to use the most cost-effective and innovative techniques to fit the particular facility or
circumstances. The format and content of a BMP plan may vary from site to site and industry
to industry, depending upon the specific situation. In addition, an applicant/permittee may
add, delete, or modify the elements of the specific requirements presented in the document
where equivalent results can be attained.
If an applicant/permittee needs assistance to develop a BMP plan, he or she may
contact the appropriate permit issuing authority for advice. The permitting authority, as
necessary, may seek assistance from the Technical Program Development Section of the
NPDES Technical Support Branch in Washington, D.C.
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SECTION m
BMP PLANS
SCOPE
The activities which are associated with or ancillary to the industrial manufacturing or
treatment process are subject to BMPs. For brevity, all such activities are referred to as
"ancillary sources." The ancillary sources at the plant should be examined to determine if
there is a reasonable potential for equipment failure (e.g., spillage or leakage), natural
conditions (e.g., plant site runoff or drainage from raw material storage), or other
circumstances (e.g., sludge or waste disposal) which could result in the discharge of a
significant amount of toxic pollu :ants or hazardous substances to receiving waters. The
ancillary sources are divided for
iscussion in this document into five categories: material
storage areas; loading and unload ng areas; plant site runoff; in-plant transfer, process, and
material handling areas; and sludge and hazardous waste disposal areas.
Material storage areas include storage areas for toxic and hazardous chemicals as raw
materials, intermediates, final products or byproducts. Included are: liquid storage vessels
that range in size from large tanks to 55-gallon drums; dry storage in bags, piles, bins, silos,
and boxes; and gas storage in tanks and vessels.
s'
Loading and unloading operations involve the transfer of materials to and from trucks or
railcars but not in-plant transfers. These operations include pumping of liquids or gases from
truck or railcar to a storage facility or vice versa, pneumatic transfer of dry chemicals to or
from the loading or unloading vehicle, transfer by mechanical conveyor systems, and transfer
of bags, boxes, drums, or other containers from vehicles by fork-lift trucks or other materials
handling equipment.
Plant runoff is generated principally from rainfall on a plant site. Runoff from material
storage areas, in-plant transfer areas, loading and unloading areas, and sludge disposal sites
potentially could become contaminated with toxic pollutants and hazardous substances.
Heavy metals from sludge disposal sites are of special concern. Fallout, resulting from the
plant air emissions which settle on the plant site, may also contribute to contaminated runoff.
Contaminated runoff may reach a receiving body of water through overland flow, drainage
ditches, storm or noncontact cooling water sewers, or overflows from combined sewer
systems.
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In-plant transfer areas, process areas, and material handling areas encompass all in-
plant transfer operations from raw material to final product. Various operations could include:
transfer of liquids or gases by pipelines with appurtenances such as pumps, valves, and
fittings; movement of bulk materials by mechanical conveyor-belt systems; and fork-lift truck
transport of bags, drums, and bins. All transfer operations within the process area with a
potential for release of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances to other than the process
waste water system are addressed in this grouping.
Sludge and hazardous waste disposal areas are potential sources of contamination of
receiving waters. These operations include landfills, pits, ponds, lagoons, and deep-well
injection sites. Depending on the construction and operation of these sites there may be a
potential for leachate containing toxic pollutants or hazardous substances to seep into
groundwater, eventually reaching surface waters, or for liquids to overflow to surface waters
from these disposal operations. BMP requirements are not intended to duplicate the
requirements of RCRA. Actions taken for compliance with RCRA may be referenced in the
BMP plan.
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
BMPs may include some of the same practices used by industry for pollution control,
SPCC plans for oil and hazardous substances, safety programs, fire protection, protection
against loss of valuable raw materials or products, insurance policy requirements or public
relations. The minimum requirements of a BMP Plan are listed in Table 1 and are divided into
two categories: general requirements and specific requirements.
Table 1. Minimum Requirements of a BMP Plan
A. General Requirements
1. Name and location of facility
2. Statement of BMP policy and objectives
3. Review by plant manager
B. Specific Requirements
1. RMP Committee
2. Risk Identification and Assessment
3. Reporting of BMP Incidents
4. Materials Compatibility
5. Good Housekeeping
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6. Preventive Maintenance
7. Inspections and Records
8. Security
9. Employee Training
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The BMP plan should be organized and described in an orderly narrative format and
should be reviewed by the plant engineering staff and plant manager. A description of the
facility, including the plant name, the type of plant, processes used, and the products
manufactured should be included in the BMP plan. A map showing the location of the facility
and the adjacent receiving waters also should be part of the plan. Specific objectives for the
control of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances should be included in the statement of
corporate policy.
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Each of the 9 specific requirements listed in Table 1 should be addressed in the BMP
plan. The size and complexity of the BMP plan will vary with the corporate environmental
policy, size, complexity, and location of the facility, among other factors. It is anticipated that
the length and detail of the BMP plan will be commensurate with the quantity of toxic and
hazardous chemicals onsite and their opportunity for discharge. A fundamental concept of the
BMP plan is determining the potential for toxic and hazardous chemicals to reach receiving
waters and taking appropriate preventive measures.
Discussions of the specific requirements are presented on the following pages. Each
specific requirement contains important elements that should be considered in developing a
BMP plan. All elements may not be applicable to all facilities. Elements should be added,
deleted, or modified to fit the needs of a particular facility. Permittees are encouraged to use
innovative techniques to achieve equivalent results.
1. BMP Committee
The BMP Committee is that group of individuals within the plant organization which is
responsible for developing the BMP plan and assisting the plant management in its
implementation, maintenance, and updating. Thus, the Committee's functions are similar to
those of a plant fire prevention or safety committee.
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The scope of activities and responsibilities of the BMP Committee should include all
aspects of the facility's BMP plan, such as identification of toxic and hazardous materials
handled in the plant; identification of potential spill sources; establishment of incident
reporting procedures; development of BMP inspection and records procedures; review of
environmental incidents to determine and implement necessary changes to the BMP plan;
coordination of plant incident response, cleanup and notification of authorities; establishment
of BMP training for plant personnel; and aiding interdepartmental coordination in carrying out
the BMP plan.
Other Committee duties could include review of new construction and changes in
processes and procedures at the facility relative to spill prevention and control. The
Committee can also periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the overall BMP plan and make
recommendations to management on BMP-related matters.
Plant management has overall responsibility for the BMP plan. The plan should contain
a clear statement of the management's policies and responsibilities related to BMPs.
Authority and responsibility for immediate action in the event of a spill should be clearly
established and documented in the BMP plan, with the Committee indirectly involved in that
responsibility. The Committee should advise management on the technical aspects of
environmental incident control, but should not impede the decisionmaking process for
preventing or mitigating spills and incidents.
The size and composition of the BMP Committee should be appropriate to the size and
complexity of the plant and the specific toxic and hazardous chemicals handled at the plant.
Facility personnel knowledgeable in spill control and waste treatment such as environmental
specialists, production foreman, safety and health specialists, and treatment plant supervisor
should be included. In some small plants, the Committee might consist of the one manager or
engineer assigned responsibility for environmental control. For very small facilities, the
Committee function might even have to be fulfilled by competent engineers or managers from
the corporate staff or the nearest large plant.
A list of personnel on the BMP Committee should be included in the BMP plan. The list
should have the office and home telephone numbers of the Committee members and the
names and phone numbers of backup or alternate people.
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Elements of the "BMP Committee," listed below, should be considered in developing a
BMP plan:
Inclusion of facility personnel knowledgeable in spill control, safety and health, and
waste treatment such as environmental specialists, production foreman, occupational
safety and health specialists, and treatment plant supervisor.
Responsibility for:
- Providing assistance to plant management for developing a BMP plan
- Providing assistance to plant management in implementing, maintaining, and
updating the BMP plan
Identifying toxic and hazardous substances
Identifying potential spill sources
- Establishing BMP incident reporting procedures
- Developing BMP inspections and records procedures
- Reviewing environmental incidents
- Coordinating plant incident response, cleanup, and notification procedures
Establishing BMP training for plant and contractor personnel
- Providing assistance for interdepartmental coordination in carrying out the BMP
plan
Reviewing new construction and changes in processes and procedures
- Evaluating the effectiveness of the BMP plan
- Making recommendations to management in support of corporate policy on BMP-
related matters.
2. Risk Identification and Assessment
The areas of the plant subject to BMP requirements should be identified by the BMP
Committee, plant engineering group, environmental engineer, or others in the plant. Each
area should be examined for the potential risks for discharges to receiving waters of toxic
pollutants or hazardous substances from ancillary sources. Any existing physical means
(dikes, diversion ditches, etc.) of controlling such discharges also should be identified.
The areas described above should be clearly indicated on a plant plot plan or drawing. A
simplified materials flowsheet showing major process operations can be used to indicate the
direction and quantity of materials flowing from one area to another. The direction of flow of
potential spills and surface runoff could also be estimated based on site topography and
indicated on the plant site drawings. Dry chemicals which are toxic pollutants or hazardous
substances should be evaluated if they have the potential to reach navigable waters in
significant quantities via rainfall runoff, for example.
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A hazardous substance and toxic chemical (materials) inventory should be developed
as a part of the "Risk Identification and Assessment." The detail of the materials inventory
should be proportionate to the quantity of toxic pollutants and hazardous substances on site
and their potential for reaching the receiving waters. For example:
1. The plant has determined that materials stored in bulk quantities at a tank farm
have a high potential for reaching the receiving waters in the event of structural
failure or overfills. Therefore, the materials inventory for the tank farm should be
detailed, and should provide the identity, quantities, and locations of each material.
2. The plant has determined that materials stored in small quantities at the research
laboratory have a low potential for reaching the receiving waters. Therefore, the
materials inventory for the laboratory could be minimally detailed, and may not
include the identity, quantity, or location of each material but might include an
estimate of the total quantity of toxic and hazardous materials stored and would
provide the location of the laboratory. The rational for the "low risk" nature of the
laboratory would be provided in this part of the BMP plan.
3. The plant has determined that materials used in a batch operation in the
manufacturing process have a high potential for reaching the receiving water. The
plant supplies a variety of products through the batch operation process to
accommodate fluctuations in public demand. Consequently, the materials used for
the batch process vary from week to week, oftentimes unexpectedly. Therefore, the
materials inventory for the batch operation should be detailed but remain flexible.
The inventory might include the identification of each material expected for use, and
the maximum quantity of material that the batch process can handle. The materials
inventory could be updated to include any material substitutions unanticipated at
the time of the original inventory.
The examples above illustrate the flexibility of the materials inventory. A materials
inventory should be part of the "Risk Identification and Assessment" of every BMP plan but
the detail of the inventory will vary with the size and complexity of the plant, the quantities of
toxic and hazardous chemicals on site and the potential for those materials to reach surface
waters. Determining the potential for incidents reaching receiving waters as well as the
detail needed for the materials inventory requires sound engineering judgment.
The materials inventory and other useful technical information should be made available
to the BMP Committee but may require separate filing from the BMP plan documents to
protect proprietary information or trade secrets. These data may include physical, chemical,
lexicological, and health information (e.g., technical bulletins or material safety data sheets)
on the toxic pollutants and hazardous substances handled; the quantities involved in various
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operations or ancillary sources; and the prevention, containment, mitigation, and cleanup
techniques that are used or would be used in the event of a discharge.
Materials planned for future use in the plant should be evaluated for their potential to be
discharged in significant amounts to receiving waters. Where the potential is high, the same
type of technical data described above should be obtained.
Elements of "Risk Identification and Assessment," listed below, should be considered
in developing a BMP plan:
Identification of areas of thj plant subject to BMP requirements
Examination of identified a eas for potential risks of BMP incidents reaching receiving
waters
Identification of existing site-specific or pollutant-specific containment measures
Plant plot plans or drawings that clearly label the identified areas
Simplified flowsheet(s) of the major process operations
Estimation of the direction of flow of potential discharges toward navigable waters
Evaluation of the potential for materials planned for future use to be discharged to
receiving waters in significant amounts.
Materials inventory system tailored to the need of the particular facility
Physical, chemical, lexicological, and health information on the toxic and hazardous
chemicals on site.
3. Reporting of BMP Incidents
A BMP incident reporting system is used to keep records of incidents such as spills,
leaks, runoff, and other improper discharges for the purpose of minimizing recurrence,
expediting mitigation or cleanup activities, and complying with legal requirements. Reporting
procedures defined by the BMP Committee should include notification of a discharge to
appropriate plant personnel to initiate immediate action; formal written reports for review and
evaluation by management of the BMP incident and revisions to the BMP plan; and
notification as required by law to governmental and environmental agencies in the event that
a spill or other reportable discharge reaches the surface waters.
The reporting system should designate the avenues of reporting and the responsible
company and government officials to whom the incidents would be reported. A list of names,
office telephone numbers, and residence telephone numbers of key employees in the order of
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responsibility should be utilized when necessary for immediate reporting of BMP incidents to
plant management for implementation of emergency response plans.
A communications system should be designated and available for notification of an
impending or actual BMP incident. Reliable communications with the person or persons
directly responsible would expedite immediate action and countermeasures to prevent
incidents or to contain and mitigate discharged chemicals. Such a communication system
could include telephone or radio contact between transfer operations, and alarm systems that
would signal the location of an incident. Provisions to maintain communications in the event
of a power failure should be addressed.
Written reports on all BMP incidents should be submitted to the plant's BMP
Committee and plant management for review. Written reports should include the date and
time of the discharge, weather conditions, nature of the materials involved, duration, volume,
cause, environmental problems, countermeasures taken, people and agencies notified, and
recommended revisions, as appropriate, to the BMP plan, operating procedures, and/or
equipment to prevent recurrence.
Procedures and key data should be outlined for necessary reporting or BMP incidents to
federal, state, and local regulatory authorities. In some circumstances, voluntary reporting to
authorities such as municipal sewage treatment works, drinking water treatment plants, and
fish and wildlife commissions may be desirable. The plant individuals responsible for
notification should be listed. Pertinent telephone numbers should be listed for those
individuals in the plant and those in the agencies to be notified. The phone numbers should
be reviewed periodically for accuracy and might actually be used in the course of a "spill
drill."
Elements of "Reporting of BMP Incidents," listed below, should be considered in
developing a BMP plan:
Maintenance of records of incidents through formal reports for internal review
Notification as required by law to governmental and environmental agencies should
an incident occur
Procedures for notifying the appropriate plant personnel and taking preventive or
mitigating actions
Identification of responsible company and government officials
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A list of names, office telephone extensions, and residence telephone numbers of key
personnel
A communications system for reporting incidents in-plant (i.e., telephone, alarms,
radio, etc.).
4. Materials Compatibility
Incompatibility of materials can cause equipment failure resulting from corrosion, fire, or
explosion. Equipment failure can be prevented by ensuring that the materials of construction
for containers handling hazardous substances or toxic pollutants are compatible with the
containers' contents and surrounding environment.
Materials compatibility encompasses three aspects: compatibility of the chemicals
being handled with the materials of construction of the container, compatibility of different
chemicals upon mixing in a container, and compatibility of the container with its environment.
The specific requirement of materials compatibility in the BMP plan should provide
procedures to address these three aspects in the design and operation of the equipment on
site handling toxic and hazardous materials.
The BMP documentation on materials compatibility should recognize the engineering
practices already used in the plant, and should summarize these existing practices with
regard to corrosion and other aspects of material compatibility. Specific consideration should
be given to procedures and practices delineating the mixing of chemicals and the prohibition of
mixing of incompatible chemicals which might result in fire, explosion, or unusual corrosion:
Thorough cleaning of storage vessels and equipment before being used for another chemical
should be standard practice to ensure that there is no residual of a chemical that is
incompatible with the second, or later, chemical to be used. Coatings or cathodic protection
should be considered for protecting a buried pipeline or storage tank from corrosion.
Where applicable, material testing procedures should be described. Proposed
substitutions for currently used toxic or hazardous chemicals should be studied to determine
whether the construction materials of the existing containers are compatible with the
proposed new conditions. The procedures utilized by the plant or an outside contractor to
perform the materials compatibility study should be documented. Materials compatibility
aspects of waste disposal which are covered by the RCRA hazardous waste regulations
should be referenced in the BMP plan.
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Elements of "Materials Compatibility," listed below, should be considered in
developing a BMP plan:
Evaluation of process changes or revisions for materials compatibility
Incorporation of existing engineering practices for materials of construction, corrosion,
and other aspects of materials compatibility
Evaluation of procedures for mixing of chemicals and of possible incompatibility with
other chemicals present
Cleansing of vessels and transfer lines before they are used for another chemical
Use of proper coatings and cathodic protection on buried pipelines if required to
prevent failure due to external corrosion.
5. Good Housekeeping
Good housekeeping is essentially the maintenance of a rlean, orderly work environment
and contributes to the overall facility pollution control effort. Periodic training of employees on
housekeeping techniques for those plant areas where the potential exists for BMP incidents
reduces the possibility of incidents caused by mishandling of chemicals or equipment.
Examples of good housekeeping include neat and orderly storage of bags, d urns, and
piles of chemicals; prompt cleanup of spilled liquids to prevent significant runoff to navigable
waters, sweeping, vacuuming, or other cleanup of accumulations of dry chemicals as
necessary to prevent them from reaching receiving waters; and provisions for storage of
containers or drums to keep them from protruding into open walkways or pathways.
Maintaining employee interest in good housekeeping is a vital pan of the BMP plan.
Methods for maintaining good housekeeping goals could include housekeeping inspections by
supervisors and higher management; discussions of housekeeping at meetings; and publicity
through posters, suggestion boxes, bulletin boards, slogans, incentive programs, and
employee publications.
Elements of "Good Housekeeping," listed below, should be considered in developing a
BMP plan:
Neat and orderly storage of chemicals
Prompt removal of spillage
Maintenance of dry and clean floors by use of brooms, vacuum cleaners, etc.
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Proper pathways and walkways and no containers and drums that protrude onto
walkways
Minimum accumulation of liquid and solid chemicals on the ground or floor
Stimulation of employee interest in good housekeeping.
6. Preventive Maintenance
An effective preventive maintenance (PM) program is important to prevent BMP
incidents. A PM program involves inspection and testing of plant equipment and systems to
uncover conditions which could cause breakdowns or failures with resultant significant
discharges of chemicals to receiving waters. The program should prevent breakdowns and
failures by adjustment, repair, or replacement of items. A PM program should include a
suitable records system for scheduling tests and inspections, recording test results, and
facilitating corrective action. Most plants have existing PM programs which provide a degree
of environmental protection. It is not the intent of the BMP plan to require development of a
redundant PM program. Instead, the objective is to have qualified plant personnel (e.g., BMP
Committee, maintenance foreman, environmental engineer) evaluate the existing plant PM
program and recommend to management those changes, if any, needed to address BMP
requirements.
A good PM program should include the following: (1) identification of equipment or
systems to which the PM program should apply (2) periodic inspections or tests of identified
equipment and systems; (3) appropriate adjustment, repair, or replacement of items; and (4)
maintenance of complete PM records on the applicable equipment and systems.
The BMP plan documentation on PM may include a list of procedures, examples of
recordkeeping, a list of the principal systems to which the PM program is applicable, and
directions for obtaining the records for any particular system included or referenced in the
BMP plan. In general, it will be adequate to reference in the BMP plan the scope and location
of existing PM procedures and records applicable to the PM specific requirements.
Elements of "Preventive Maintenance," listed below, should be considered in
developing a BMP plan:
Identification of equipment and systems to which the PM program should apply
Periodic inspections of identified equipment and systems
Periodic testing of such equipment and systems
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Appropriate adjustment, repair, or replacement of parts
Maintenance of complete PM records on the applicable equipment and systems.
7. Inspections and Records
The purpose of the inspection and records system is to detect actual or potential BMP
incidents. The BMP plan should include written inspection procedures and optimum time
intervals between inspections. Records to show the completion date and results of each
inspection should be signed by the appropriate supervisor and maintained for a period of three
years. A tracking (follow-up) procedure should be instituted to assure that adequate
response and corrective action have been taken. The recordkeeping portion of this system
can be combined with the existing spill reporting system in the plant.
While plant security and other personnel may frequently and routinely inspect the plant
for BMP incidents, these people are not necessarily capable of assessing the potential for
such incidents. Thus certain inspections should be assigned to designated qualified
individuals, such as maintenance personnel or engineering staff.
The inspection and records system should include those equipment and plant areas
identified in the "Risk Identification and Assessment" portion of the BMP plan as having the
potential for significant discharges. To determine the inspection frequency and inspection
procedures, competent environmental personnel should evaluate the causes of previous
incidents, and assess the probable risks for incident occurrence. Furthermore, the nature of
chemicals handled, materials of construction, and site-specific factors including age,
inspection techniques, and cost effectiveness, should be considered.
Qualified plant personnel should be identified to inspect designated equipment and plant
areas. Typical inspections should include examination of pipes, pumps, tanks, supports,
foundations, dikes, and drainage ditches. Records should be kept to determine if changes in
preventive maintenance or good housekeeping procedures are necessary. Each of the
ancillary sources should have "Inspection and Records" programs designed to meet the
needs of the particular facility.
Material storage areas for dry chemicals should be inspected for evidence of, or the
potential for, windblowing which might result in significant discharges. Liquid storage areas
should be inspected for leaks in tanks, for corrosion of tanks, for deterioration of foundations
14-27
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
or supports, and for closure of drain valves in containment facilities. Inspections could include
the examination of seams, rivets, nozzle connections, valves, and connecting pipelines.
Storage tanks should be inspected for evidence of corrosion, pitting, cracks, abnormalities,
and deformation and such evidence should then be evaluated.
For in-plant transfer and materials handling of liquids, inspections should include visual
examination for evidence of deterioration of pipelines, pumps, valves, seals, and fittings. The
general condition of items such as flange and expansion joints, pipeline supports, locking
valves, catch or drip pans, and metal surfaces, also should be assessed.
For loading and unloading o jerations, inspections during transfer of materials would
permit immediate response if an
ncident occurred. The conditions of pipelines, pumps,
valves, and fittings for liquid transfer systems and pneumatic conveying systems used for
transferring dry chemicals should be inspected. Inspections (together with monitoring)
should be used to ensure that the transfer of material is complete before flexible or fixed
transfer lines are disconnected prior to vehicular departure. Before any tank car or tank truck
is filled, the lower-most drain valve and all outlets of such vehicles should be closely
examined for evidence of leakage and, if necessary, tightened, adjusted, or replaced. Before
departure, all tank cars or tank trucks should be closely examined to ensure that all transfer
lines are disconnected and that there is no evidence of leakage from any outlet.
For plant runoff, inspections should be used for examining the integrity of the
stormwater collection system and the diversion or overflow structures, and for ensuring the
drain valves and pumps for diked areas are properly closed. The plant sewer and storm
sewer system should be periodically surveyed to ensure that toxic and hazardous pollutants
are not discharged in significant amounts. Inspections also should include diked areas to
ensure that hazardous and toxic chemicals are not discharged from inside diked areas to
waterways. Any liquid, including rainwater, should be examined, and where necessary,
analyzed, before being released from the diked areas to a receiving water.
For sludge and hazardous waste disposal sites, visual inspections should include
examinations for leaks, seepage, and overflows from land disposal sites such as pits, ponds,
lagoons, and landfills. Other procedures and inspection techniques should be considered on a
site-specific basis. Any inspections made or records kept to comply with RCRA may be
included in the BMP plan by reference.
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
Elements of "Inspections and Records," listed below, should be considered in
developing BMP plan:
Inspection of:
- Storage facilities
- Transfer pipelines
- Loading and unloading areas
- Pipes, pumps, valves, and fittings, tank corrosion (internal and external)
- Windblowing of dry chemicals
- Tank support or foundation deterioration
- Seams along drainage ditches and old tanks
- Deterioration of primary or secondary containment
- Housekeeping
- Drain valves on tanks
- Damage to shipping containers
- Conveying systems for dry chemicals
- Integrity of stormwater collection system
- Leaks, seepage, and overflows from sludge and waste disposal sites.
Records of all inspections
Tracking procedures to assure adequate response and corrective actions have been
taken when inspections reveal deficiencies.
8. Security
A security system is needed to prevent accidental or intentional entry to a plant which
might result in vandalism, theft, sabotage, or other improper or illegal use of plant facilities
that could possibly cause as BMP incident. Most plants have security systems to prevent
unauthorized entry leading to theft, vandalism, sabotage, and the like. The BMP plan should
describe those portions of the existing security system which ensure that the pertinent
chemicals are not discharged to receiving waters in significant quantities. Documentation of
the security system may require separate filing from the BMP plan documents to prevent
unauthorized individuals from gaining access to confidential information.
The BMP Committee, plant security manager, plant engineer, or other qualified plant
personnel should evaluate the coverage of the existing security system for those areas of the
plant and the equipment identified by the "Risk Identification and Assessment" specific
requirement as having the potential for significant discharges. They should recommend to
plant management any changes necessary to improve the security system.
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
Examples of security measures include: routine patrol of the plant by security guards in
vehicles or on foot; fencing to prevent intruders from entering the plant site; good lighting;
vehicular traffic control; a guardhouse or main entrance gate, where all visitors are required to
sign in and obtain a visitor's pass; secure or locked entrances to the plant; locks on certain
valves or pump starters; and television surveillance of appropriate plant sites, such as plant
entrance, and loading and unloading areas.
Whenever possible, security personnel should be instructed to observe leaks from
tanks, valves, or pipelines while patrolling the plant and also be informed of the procedures to
follow when a spill or other discharge is detected. Many plants use contractor or plant
security personnel who may not be qualified or may not have time to carry out such
surveillance. In such cases, the surveillance can be incorporated in the "Inspection and
Records" specific requirement and should be conducted by production or environmental staff.
Elements of "Security," listed below, should be considered in developing a BMP plan:
Routine patrols of plant by security personnel
Fencing
Good lighting
Vehicular traffic control
Controlled access at guardhouse or main entrance gate
Visitor passes
Locked entrances
Locks on certain drain valves and pump starters
Television monitoring.
9. Employee Training
Employee training programs should instill in personnel, at all levels of responsibility, a
complete understanding of the BMP plan, the processes and materials with which they are
working, the safety hazards, the practices for preventing discharges, and the procedures for
responding properly and rapidly to toxic and hazardous materials incidents. Employee
training meetings should be conducted at least annually to assure adequate understanding of
the objectives of the BMP plan and the individual responsibilities of each employee.
Typically, these meetings could be a part of routine employee meetings for safety or fire
protection. Such meetings should highlight previous spill events or failures, malfunctioning
14-30
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
equipment components, and recently developed BMP precautionary measures. Training
sessions should review the BMP plan and associated procedures. Just as fire drills are used
to improve the employee's reaction to a fire emergency, spill or environmental incident drills
may serve to improve the employee's reactions to BMP incidents. Plants are encouraged to
conduct spill drills on a quarterly or semi-annual basis. Spill drills serve to evaluate the
employees' knowledge of BMP-related procedures and are a fundamental part of employee
training.
Of particular importance is the strong commitment and periodic input from top
management to the employee training program to create the necessary climate of concern for
a successful program. A plant manger might accomplish more in a brief, face-to-face,
appearance than an elaborate, impersonal training program would accomplish.
Adequate training in a particular job and process operation is essential for
understanding potential discharge problems. Knowledge of specific manufacturing operations
and how discharges could occur, or have occurred in the past, is important in reducing human
error that can lead to BMP incidents.
The training program also should be aimed at making employees aware of the protocol
used to report discharges and notifying the people responsible for response so that immediate
countermeasures can be initiated. In addition, personnel involved in BMP-incident response
would be trained to use cleanup materials such as sorbents, gelling agents, foams, and
neutralizing agents. As appropriate, they should be educated in safety precautions, in the
side effects of the chemicals they are working with, and in possible chemical reactions.
Operating manuals and standard procedures for process operations should include
appropriate sections of the BMP plan and the spill control program and should be readily
available for reference. Spill response drills, suggestion boxes, posters, and incentive
programs, can be used to motivate employees to be alert to the potential for discharges and
to their prevention.
The employee training program should include records of the frequency, and names and
positions of the employees trained as well as the lesson plans, subject material covered, and
instructors' names and positions. BMP-related training may be combined with other forms of
training, such as safety and fire prevention at the discretion of the plant.
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
In addition to permanent personnel, contractors or temporary personnel should be
trained in procedures for preventing BMP incidents since these individuals may be unfamiliar
with the normal operating procedures or location of equipment (pipelines, tanks, etc.) at the
facility. Adequate supervision of contractor maintenance personnel should be provided to
minimize the possibility of BMP incidents resulting from damaging equipment such as buried
pipelines.
Elements of "Employee Training," listed below, should be considered in developing the
BMP plan:
Meetings held at least annually to assure adequate understanding of program goals
and objectives
Environmental Incident (Spill) drills used at least semiannually
Periodic input from management
Adequate training in particular job and process operation and the effect on other
operations
Transmission of knowledge of past incidents and causes
Making employees aware of BMP plans and incident reporting procedures
Training in the use of sorbents, gelling agents, foams, and neutralizing agents for
cleanup or mitigation of incidents
Operating manuals and standard procedures
Making employees aware of health risks of chemicals handled through both the
plant's BMP plan and safety program
Motivating employees concerning incident prevention and control
Records of the personnel who were trained, and of the dates, instructors, subject
matter, and lesson plans of the training sessions
Training and supervision of contractors and temporary personnel.
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160A/Disk #1 - 10/18/91 - 1:51 PM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ON BMPs IN THE NPDES PROGRAM
Form of Guidance
Technical Paper
Report EPA No.
600/9-79-045
Report
Technical Paper
Case Histories
Technical
Memorandum No. 1
Technical
Memorandum No. 2
Information
Memorandum
Information
Memorandum
Information
Memorandum
Information
Memorandum
Title Date
Best Management Practices for Control of Toxic and 5/9/79
Hazardous Materials; Thron, H.M. et ah, presented at the
34th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, Lafayette,
Indiana
NPDES Best Management Practices Guidance Document; 12/79
Hydroscience Inc., EPA Contract Number 68-03-2568
NPDES Best Management Practice Guidance Document 6/81
(Revised); NPDES Technical Support Branch
Best Management Practices; Useful Tools for Cleaning Up, 4/20/82
Thron, H.M. and Rogoshweski, P.J., presented at the 1982
Hazardous Material Spills Conference, Milwaukee,
Wisconsin
NPDES Best Management Practices; Case Histories; JRS 1/29/83
Associates, Inc., EPA Contract Number 68-01-5052
Technical Guidance on Best Management Practices (BMPs) 4/15/83
in NPDES Permits; Jordan, J.W. to Regional Permit Branch
Chiefs
Technical Guidance on Best Management Practices (BMPs) 3/23/84
in NPDES Permits; Jordan, J.W. to Regional Permit Branch
Chiefs
Best Management Practices (BMPs) in NPDES Permits; 6/3/85
Grubs, Geoffrey to Regional Permit Branch Chiefs
Best Management Practices (BMPs) in NPDES Permits; 8/29/86
Gallup, James to Regional Permit Branch Chiefs
Best Management Practices (BMPs) in NPDES Permits; 8/11/87
Gallup, James to Regional Permit Branch Chiefs
Best Management Practices (BMPs) in NPDES Permits; 8/19/88
Gallup, James to Regional Permit Branch Chiefs
14-33
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PART IV
Permit No. VA 0005215
Page 1 of 3
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CONDITIONS
A. General Conditions
1. BMP Plan
For purposes of this part, the terms "pollutant" or "pollutants" refer
to any substance listed as toxic under Section 307(a)(l) of the Clean
Water Act, oil, as defined in Section 311(a)(l) of the Act, and any
substance listed as hazardous under Section 311 of the Act. The
permittee shall develop and implement a Best Management Practices
(BMP) plan which prevent:
of pollutants from ancil
areas; plant site runoff
handling areas; loading ,
disposal areas, to the w
, or minimizes the potential for, the release
ary activities, including material storage
in-plant transfer, process and material
nd unloading operations, and sludge and waste
ters of the United States through plant site
runoff; spillage or leaks; sludge or waste disposal; or drainage from
raw material storage.
2. Implementation
The plan for General Conditions shall be developed within 12 months of
the effective date of this permit. An approval plan for General
Conditions shall be implemented within 24 months of the effective
permit date. Specific Conditions of this plan shall be implemented
within 24 months of the effective permit dace.
3. General Requirements
The BMP plan shall:
a. Be documented in narrative form, and shall include any necessary
plot plans, drawings or maps.
b. Establish specific objectives for the control of pollutants.
(1) Each facility component or system shall be examined for its
potential for causing a release of significant amount of
pollutants to waters of the United States due to equipment
failure, Improper operation, natural phenomena such as rain
or snowfall, etc.
(2) Where experience indicates a reasonable potential for
equipment failure (e.g., a tank overlfow or leakage), natural
condition (e.g., precipitation), or other circumstances to
result In significant amounts of pollutants reaching surface
waters, the plan should Include a prediction of the direc-
tion, rate of flow and total quantity of pollutants which
could be discharged from the facility as a result of each
condition of circumstance.
c. Establish specific best management practices to meet the
objectives identified under paragraph b of this section,
14-34
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PART IV
Permit No. VA 0005215
Page 2 of 3
addressing each component or system capable of causing a release
of significant amounts of pollutants to the waters of the United
States, -and identifying specific preventative or remedial measures
to be implemented.
d. Include any special conditions established in Section B of this
Part.
e. Be reviewed by plant engineering staff and the plant manager.
4. Documentation
The permittee shall maintain a description of the BMP plan at the
facility and shall make the plan available to the permit issuing
authority upon request.
5. BMP Plan Modification
The permittee shall amend the BMP plan whenever there is a change in
the facility or change in the operation of the facility which
materially Increases the potential for the ancillary activities to
result in a discharge of significant amounts of pollutants.
6. Modification for Ineffectiveness
If the BMP plan proves to be Ineffective in achieving the general
objective of preventing the release of significant amounts of pol-
lutants to surface waters and the specific objectives and requirements
under paragraphs b and c of Section 3, the permit and/or the BMP plan
shall be subject to modification to incorporate revised BMP require-
ments.
B. Specific Conditions
The following Specific Conditions shall be Implemented within 12 months of
the effective date of the permit.
1. Measures shall be taken to control potential discharges at the
following sites:
Building 1341 - Provide containment for freon and
hydrochloric acid tanks
Incinerator - Direct quench recycle overflow to a
treatment facility
Building 1329 - Control spills at the acid cleaning
facility
St. Juliens Building 332 - Control spills from drummed liquids.
Implement controls to ensure proper
operation of the oil transfer valve (PIV)
14-35
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14-3
ou
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PRACTICAL EXERCISE
Best Management Practices (BMPs)
(1) What are the two basic ways that BMPs appear in NPDES permits?
/ a \
(2) What is the legal authority for imposing BMPs in permits considering the
fact that no BMPs have been promulgated for specific industries pursuant
to Section 304(e) of the Clean Water Act?
(3) GIVEN THE FOLLOWING SITUATION;
Luster Glass Inc. manufactures auto tempered and laminated glass in
Morris, Illinois. A recent compliance inspection revealed storage tank
number 42 containing 12,000 gallons of gasoline was leaking into the
Illinois River. The State compliance inspector, I. M. Curious, also
noticed generally poor housekeeping at Luster, including retired pumps and
miscellaneous pipes and fittings scattered throughout the plant area,
unidentified solid and liquid spills on roadways and a storage area near
the stream bank consisting of about fifty, 55 gallon drums in various
positions and states of deterioration. When questioned about the nature
and contents of the drums by the State compliance inspector, the Luster
plant manager, Wood U. Leave, replied, "They're some old supplies we
discontinued... some contain...nitric acid or some other acid...(cough
cough)... how about some lunch Mr. Curious?" As he was abruptly spun 180
degrees by Mr. Leave, Mr. Curious managed to scribble a note at the bottom
of his inspection report "may be a candidate for BMPs in reissued permit."
DETERMINE;
You are the permit writer assigned to draft Luster Glass Inc.'s NPDES
permit. After reading the compliance inspection report, you sketch your
approach for using BMPs in the reissued permit:
BMP Plan - Conditions at the facility, especially poor housekeeping,
warrant a BMP plan to be developed within six months and implemented
within twelve months of permit reissuance. The BMP Plan should address
each of the nine specific requirements described in the June 1981,-, NPDES
BMP Guidance Document with emphasis on ^
Site-Specific BMPs
(1) Tank Number 42;
(2) Drum Storage Area;
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POLLUTION PREVENTION
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Orientation to Pollution Prevention
. Implementation
Tools and Resources
NOTES:
15-1
-------
HIERARCHY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
PRACTICES
Source reduction
Environmentally sound reuse and recycling
Treatment
Disposal
NOTES:
15-2
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POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT 1990
"Source reduction means any practice which reduces the
amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant
entering any waste stream or released into the environment
prior to recycling, treatment or disposal ..."
EPA POLICY STATEMENT
Pollution prevention is the
"Use of processes, practices, or products that reduce or
eliminate the generation of pollutants and wastes, including
those that protect natural resources through conservation
or more efficient utilization."
NOTES:
15-3
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LEGISLATIVE A UTHORITIES AFFECTING
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A CHEMICAL
SARA
SARA
TSCA
Industrial Products
OSHA, FIFRA
Underground Tanks ^^^
Consumer Products (RCRA)
CPSA, FFOCA,
FIFRA
(RCRA)
-KEY-
CAA
CPSA
CWA
FFOCA
FIFRA
HMTA
OSHA
RCRA
SOWA
TSCA
SARA
Clean Air Act
Consumtr Product Safety Ad
Clean Water Act
Federal Food, Drug » Cosmetic Act
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide * RodentleWe Act
Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
Occupational Safety ft Health Act
Resource Sonservatton 4 Recovery Act
Safe OrtnUng Water Act
Toxic Substances Control Act
Superfund Amendments Reauthorttatton Act
15-4
-------
POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITIES IN THE
NPDES PERMITTING PROCESS
Application review
Site visit
BMP plan requirement
Monitoring conditions
NOTES:
15-5
-------
PERMIT ISSUANCE PROCEDURES
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
The permit issuance process
Documenting development of the permit
EPA/State coordination
Public participation
Permit appeals
Modification/termination
NOTES:
16-1
-------
COMMON ELEMENTS OF THE ISSUANCE PROCESS
Permit Application
Filed
Site Visit Conducted
Application Review
for Completeness and
Accuracy
Pre]
or
Sta
j
§1
>are Draft Permit
)eny Application
§124.6
1
ementofBasisor
Fact Sheet
.24.7 and §124.8
Additional
Data Requested
I
1
1
J
Administrative Record
§124.9
Draft Permit Reviewed
by Applicant
Public Notice of Draft
Permit §124.10
Public Hearing
§124.12
Comments Considered
and Draft Permit
Revised
Response to Comments
§124.17
Administrative Record
§124.18
Request for Evidentiary
Hearing §124.74
.Permit Issued
(Process Repeats Itself)
16-2
-------
REASONS FOR GOOD DOCUMENTATION
Streamlines reissuance/compliance-monitoring process
Permanent record of the basis for the permit
Explanation of basis of permit for public, management, permittee,
and attorneys, if appealed
Provide sound basis for modifications and future permits
Requires permit writer to be organized and logical, resulting
in better permits
. V
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FACT SHEET
Identify party being permitted
Bring forward background and history of permit
Develop rationale for all pertinent permit decisions
Display all calculations and document sources of data
Keep accessible to permitting authority personnel and the public
NOTES:
16-3
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MINIMUM ELEMENTS OF A FACT SHEET
§124.8(b)
Description of facility or activity
Type and quantity of wastes/pollutants
Basis of the draft permit
Statutory/regulatory citations
References to administrative record
Basis of effluent limitations and conditions
Specific explanation of
Toxic pollutant limits
Limits on internal wastestreams
Case-by-case requirements
Limits on indicator pollutants
Regulation of users
Sketch or description of location
State certification
Sewage sludge land application plan
Inappropriateness of requested variances
Permit procedures
Comment period begin and end dates
Procedures for requesting a hearing
Public involvement in final decision
Contact name and telephone
16-4
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CONTENTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
§124.9
Application and supporting data
Draft permit
Statement of basis or fact sheet
Documents/items cited in statement of basis or fact sheet
Other items supporting permit development
EIS for new source draft permits
NOTES:
16-5
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EXAMPLE
CONTENTS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
A brief explanation follows of the express statutory or regulatory precision on which permit requirements are based,
including appropriate supporting references to the Administrative Record required by 40 CFR S124.9:
The following items are used to establish the basis of the draft permit:
(1) NPDES Permit No. LA0002933, effective date 2/17/80, expiration date 3/31/8L
(2) Consolidated Permit Application Forms No. 1 and 20 received 4/3/82.
(3) Louisiana Water Quality Criteria, LSCC, 1977.
(4) Louisiana Water Quality Management Plan, Department of Natural Resources, including Appendix D
(Ponchartrain Basin) and Appendix F (Mississippi River), Phase n, Vols. L
(5) 40 CFR Part 415 Subpart F, [47 £R 28260,6/29/83J.
(6) 40 CFR Part 41S.65(b) [39 fR 9616,3/12/74].
(7) Letter White (EPA) to Vlacos (Vulcan) dated 3/29/76.
(8) Letter White (EPA) to Campbell (Vulcan) DAted 6/9/76.
(9) ROC Hale (EPA) to Leonard (Vulcan) dated 11/10/76.
(10) 40 CFR Part 17779 (d)(l) [48 £R 14146.4/1/83].
(11) Letters Gordon (Vulcan) to McHam (EPA) dated 5/17/82 and 7/19/82.
(12) 40 CFR Part 40L17,6/4/82.
(13) Letters Gordon (Vulcan) to Hale (EPA) dated 1/30/8L
(14) Discharge Monitoring Reports 1980-1982.
(15) 40 CFR Part 122.62(a)(3) [48 £R 14146,4/1/83].
(16) 40 CFR Part 122.44(1)(2)(1) [48 fR 14146,4/1/83].
(17) 40 CFR Part 415.65(b) [47 fR 28260,6/29/82].
(IS) 40 CFR Part 415.62(b) [47 £R 28260,6/29/82].
(19) Final Development Document for Inorganic Chemicals,
EPA 440/1-82/007, June 1982.
(20) Letter Gordon (Vulcan) to Ferguson (EPA) dated 10/30/79.
(21) 40 CFR Part 125J(a)(2)(v) [44 £R 32948,6/7/89, as amended at 45 fR 33512,5/19/80).
(22) 40 CFR part 415.63(b) [47 £R 28260,6/29/82].
(23) 40 CFR Part 12239(d)(2) [48 £R 14146,4/1/83].
(24) 40 CFR Part 14L12 [40 £R 59570,12/24/75, as amended at 44 FR 6864L 11/29/79.
(25) Preamble to Inorganic Chemical Effluent Limitations Guidelines 47 FR 28263,6/29/82, Column 3].
(26) ROC McHam (EPA) to Gordon (Vulcan) dated 5/25/83.
(27) EPA Treatability Manual, EPA 600/2-82/001, September 1982 (Revised).
(28) Work Book for Determining Economic Achievabilitv for NPDES Permits: prepared for Hap Thron, Permits
Division; prepared by Putnam, Hayes & Bartlett, Inc.. August 1982.
(29) MoooVs Industrial Manual 1982, pp. 4602-4605
(30) C E Plant Cost Index. Chemical Engineering Magazine, 6/13/83, page 7.
16-6
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PUBLIC NOTICE
§124.10
Purpose of public notice
Types of actions requiring public notice
Tentative denial of application
Draft NPDES permit
Public hearing
Formal appeal of permit
Major program modifications
Granting of evidentiary hearing
Methods applicable to public notice process
Publication in newspaper
Direct mailing
x
Contents of public notice
Name and address of regulatory authority
Name and address of permittee
Brief description of facility
Name, address, and telephone number of contact
Additional information (EPA-issued permits)
Timing of public notice
After EPA/State review
EPA/State MOA should address
Significant comments must be responded to in writing
Public hearing is always optional
NOTES:
16-7
-------
EPA REVIEW OF STATE PERMITS
§123.24(d)
EPA may not waive review of:
Major municipal and industrials
General permits
Class I sludge facilities
Other (minor) permits
vhich:
*
Discharge to territorial seas
Affect another State's waters
Cooling water discharges > 500 MGD
Process discharges >0.5 MGD
Primary industry categories
CONTENTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
FINAL PERMIT
§124.18
All comments received
Public hearing tape or transcript
Response to comments
Final EIS for new sources
Final permit
NOTES:
16-8
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EXAMPLE FACT SHEET
-------
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES) PERMIT
FACT SHEET
Permittee Name: Luster Glass, Inc.
NPDES Permit
Number: IL0654321
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 319
Morris, IL 60123
Location: 1 River Ridge Drive
Morris, IL 60123
Contact Person: Mr. John Baker, Vice President
Telephone: (312) 834-4536
I. Status of Permit
NPDES Permit No. IL0654321 was issued on August 5, 1984, became
effective on August 31, 1984, and expired on August 31, 1989. The
permittee submitted an NPDES permit application for the renewal of
the permit on March 1, 1989.
II. Facility Description
Luster Glass Inc. operates a manufacturing facility in Morris, IL.
The facility specializes in manufacturing auto glass. On average,
40,000 sq. ft./day of auto tempered glass, and 275,000 sq. ft./day
of auto laminated glass is produced at the facility.
III. Description of Discharge
All wastewater generated at this facility is discharged through
Outfall 001 to the Illinois River. The primary waste streams
discharged through Outfall 001 are process and rinse waters from
the glass manufacturing processes and cooling tower blowdown. The
glass manufacturing process wastewaters from auto glass tempering
(cutting, grinding, polishing edges, bending, and tempering) and
auto glass lamination (cutting, bending, washing, and laminating)
are routed through a wastewater treatment system consisting of oil
and water separators and settling basins. The cooling tower
blowdown is not treated prior to discharge.
IV. Receiving Water
The receiving water for Outfall 001 is the Illinois River, Segment
16 of the Northern Illinois River Basin. Downstream of the
facility, the Illinois River flows approximately 3 miles to Segment
15 of the Northern Illinois River Basin. Following is a summary of
flow data for Segment 16 of the Illinois River:
16-9
-------
Fact Sheet
Page 2 of 21
Average Flow - 446.7 cfs
Harmonic Mean Flow - 245.5 cfs
7Q10 - 70.9 cfs
1Q10 - 58.8 cfs
The use designations for the Illinois River are given below:
Indigenous Aquatic Life
The applicable water quality standards to protect these uses are
specified the State Water Pollution Control Rules in Part 302
(State Administrative Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection;
Subtitle C - Water Pollution, Chapter 1; adopted March 17, 1989).
The effluent standards are found in Part 304.
V. Description of Discharge
a. Permit Application Summary
The following table summarizes the discharge characteristics of
Outfall 001 as reported in the NPDES permit application dated March
1, 1989:
Long-Term Daily
Parameter Average Maximum
Flow (MGD) 4.563 4.591
TSS (mg/1) 18.8 50.0
COD (mg/1) ND 50.0
pH (S.U.) 6.6 min. 9.0 max.
Oil & Grease (mg/1) 12 22
Phosphorus (Ibs/day) 19 29
Zinc (mg/1) 0.036 0.07
Lead (mg/1) 0.025 0.047
Note: Only data for parameters reported above detection limits are
shown above.
b. Discharge Monitoring Report fDMRl Data
A summary of DMR data is given in Table 1. This data was taken
from March 1988 through February 1989.
Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET) testing performed during the last
year of the permit term (March 1988 to February 1989) demonstrated
acute toxicity at Outfall 001. Test results indicated a fathead
minnow LC50 of 8 percent and a Ceriodaphnia LC50 of 15.8 percent.
Chronic Toxicity tests also demonstrated toxicity at Outfall 001.
Chronic toxicity test results indicated a fathead minnow NOEC of
1.3 percent and a Ceriodaphnia NOEC of 2.7 percent. A summary of
WET data for Luster is also presented in Table 1.
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Fact Sheet
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VI. Proposed Technoloav-Based Effluent Limitations
Regulations promulgated at 40 CFR §122.44 (a) require technology-
based effluent limitations to be placed in NPDES permits based on
National effluent limitations guidelines and standards, best
professional judgement (BPJ), or a combination of the two.
Discharges from Outfall 001 are subject to effluent limitations
given in 40 CFR Part 426 for the Glass Manufacturing Point Source
Category, and State effluent and water quality standards.
Limits were developed for Luster Glass Inc. based on an evaluation
of the permit application and DMRs. Lead and zinc were detected in
significant concentrations in the discharge as reported in DMRs.
While the previous permit did not contain limits for lead and zinc,
monitoring was required. Thus, technology-based effluent limits
were set for zinc found in the cooling tower blowdown. Technology-
based limits were also established for lead which is found in the
process wastewater, however water quality-based limits were found
to be more limiting (see Section VII of this Fact Sheet).
Effluent mass limits for total suspended solids (TSS), phosphorus,
and oil and grease are based on the best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT) limitations specified for the
Automotive Glass Tempering Subcategory in 40 CFR §426.62 and for
the Automotive Glass Laminating Subcategory in 40 CFR §426.72.
These limitations are shown below:
Automotive Glass Tempering Subcatecrory
Effluent Limits
Monthly Avg. Daily .Max.
Pollutant (Ib/lOOOftM rib/lOOOft2!
TSS 0.25 0.40
Oil and Grease 0.13 0.13
pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 standard units.
Automotive Glass Laminating Subcateaory
Effluent Limits
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant (Ib/lOOOft2! flb/lOOOft2)
TSS 0.90 0.90
Oil and Grease 0.36 0.36
Phosphorus 0.22 0.22
pH shall be within the range of 6.0 to 9.0 standard units.
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Fact Sheet
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Effluent limitations for oil and grease, TSS, phosphorus, and pH
from the process wastewater contribution to Outfall 001 are
calculated using the above effluent limits and the production rates
of 40,000 square feet per day of tempered glass and 275,000 square
feet per day of laminated glass. The TSS effluent limitations for
cooling tower blowdown are based on State Effluent Standards for
TSS in non-process wastewaters, including cooling tower blowdown.
Calculations of the effluent limitations are shown below. It
should be noted that both mass and concentration limits will be
applied to Outfall 001 for oil and grease, TSS, and phosphorus.
Oil and Grease
Mass Limitations (Monthly
Oil & Grease = (40,000 f1
(275,000 ft2/day (laminatec
Ibs/day j
Average and Daily Maximum)
2/day (tempered) x 0.13 lb/1000 ft2) +
) X 0.36 lb/1000 ft2) = 5.2 + 99 - 104.2
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily
Maximum)
Oil & Grease = (104.2 Ibs/day) (454 g/ 1 Ib) (1000 mg/ 1 g) (l gal/
3.785 1) (1 day/ 4.563 106 gal) = 2.74 mg/1
Mass Limitations - Process Wastewater (Monthly Average)
TSS = [(40,000 ft2/day (tempered) x 0.25 lb/1000 ft2) + (275,000
ft2/day (laminated) x 0.9 lb/1000 ft2)]/1000 = 257.5 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Process Wastewater (Daily Maximum)
TSS = [(40,000 ft2/day (tempered) x 0.4 lb/1000 ft2) + (275,000
ft2/day (laminated) x 0.9 lb/1000 ft2)]/1000 = 263.5 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Cooling Tower Blowdown (Monthly Average)
TSS = (25 mg/1)(0.45 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal) =
93.8 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Cooling Tower Blowdown (Daily Maximum)
TSS = (50 mg/1)(0.45 10s gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal) =
187.6 Ibs/day
Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average)
TSS - 257.5 Ibs/day +93.8 Ibs/day = 351.3 Ibs/day
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Fact Sheet
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Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Daily Maximum)
TSS = 263.5 Ibs/day + 187.6 Ibs/day = 451.1 Ibs/day
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average)
TSS = (351.3 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.S63 106
gal) =9.23 mg/1
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Daily Maximum)
TSS = (451.1 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.S63 106
gal) = 11.86 mg/1
Phosphorus
Mass Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily Maximum)
Phosphorus = 275,000 ft2/day (laminated) x 0.06 lb/1000 ft2) =16.5
Ibs/day
Concentration Limitations - Outfall 001 (Monthly Average and Daily
Maximum)
Phosphorus = (16.5 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day
/4.S63 106 gal) = 0.43 mg/1
EH
pH limits are based on State effluent standards, as follows:
State Effluent Standards
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pol lutant / Parameter Range (mg/1) fma/1)
pH 6.0-9.0 N/A N/A
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Fact Sheet
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Toxic Pollutants
Zinc and lead were detected in the effluent discharge when the
previous permit was issued. At that time no limits were set, but
a requirement was made to monitor for zinc and lead. Significant
concentrations of zinc (used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling
water) and lead (from lead soldering of products) have been found,
as reported in DMRs. Therefore, technology-based effluent
limitations are being established and will be included in the draft
permit.
Technology-based effluent limitations for the toxic pollutant zinc
present in the cooling tower blowdown are based on the transfer of
the best available technology economically achievable (BAT)
limitations specified in the Steam Electric Effluent Guidelines and
Standards at 40 CFR §423.13(d)(1). These limitations are shown
below:
BAT Effluent Limitations
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant fma/1) fma/11
Zinc (total) 1.0 1.0
Using the average blowdown flow from the cooling towers (0.45 mgd) ,
monthly average and daily maximum mass limitations are calculated
as follows:
Zinc = (1.0 mg/l)(0.45 106 gal/day) (1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
=3.75 Ibs/day
Equivalent end-of-pipe concentration effluent limitations are also
being established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001
flow (4.563 mgd), monthly average and daily maximum concentration
limitations are calculated as follows:
Zinc = (3.75 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.5S3 106
gal) =0.10 mg/1
Technology-based effluent limitations for lead found in the process
wastewaters are based on transfer of BAT limitations specified in
the Metal Finishing Effluent Guidelines and Standards at 40 CFR
§433.14(a). These limitations, which are based on the performance
of lime precipitation and sedimentation, are shown below.
BAT Effluent Limitations
Monthly Avg. Daily Max.
Pollutant fma/n fma/1)
Lead (total) 0.43 0.69
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Fact Sheet
Page 7 of 21
Due to the potential for dilution of the treated process
wastewaters by the cooling tower blowdown wastewaters, both mass
and concentration limitations are established. Using the average
process flow (4.113 mgd) , mass limitations are calculated as
follows:
Monthly Average
Lead = (0.43 rog/1)(4.113 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
= 14.74 Ibs/day
Daily Maximum
Lead = (0.69 rog/1)(4.113 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
= 23.66 Ibs/day
Equivalent end-of-pipe concentration effluent limitations are also
being established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001
flow (4.563 mgd), concentration limitations are calculated as
follows:
Monthly Average
Lead = (14.74 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.S63 106
gal) = 0.38 mg/1
Daily Maximum
Lead = (23.66 Ibs/day)(454,000 mg/lb)(1 gal/3.785 1)(day /4.S63 106
gal) = 0.62 mg/1
VII. Proposed Water Quality-Based Effluent Limitations
The State water quality standards require that point source
discharges shall not cause a violation of any applicable water
quality standards nor interfere with the attainment or maintenance
of that water quality which assures the protection and propagation
of a balanced indigenous population of shellfish, fish, and
wildlife and allows recreational activities in and on the water.
In addition, a requirement of the State water quality standards is
that no effluent shall, alone or in combination with other sources,
cause a violation of any applicable water quality standard.
Temperature
Temperature limits are based on State water quality standards as
follows:
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Fact Sheet
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State Water Quality Limits
Pollutant/Parameter Range
Temperature Not greater than 2.8°C above ambient, or
1.7°C above the following maximum limits:
in December through March, 16°C (60°F)
and in April through November, 32°C (90°F)
Toxic Pollutants
Based on evaluation of the NPDES permit application and DMR data
submitted by Luster Glass Inc., the following pollutants and
parameters for which applicable State water quality standards are
available are present in Outfall 001: lead and zinc. Based on the
fact that no other toxic pollutants are expected to be present in
Outfall 001 at significant concentrations, evaluation for
compliance with water quality standards will only be performed for
lead and zinc.
The State water quality regulations require that water quality
standards be achieved under the following critical receiving water
flow conditions:
Chronic water quality standards:
7 day, 10 year return frequency flow (7Q.10)
Acute water quality standards:
One-third (1/3) of the 7Q10 flow
The 7Q10 for the Illinois River is 70.9 cubic feet per second (cfs)
The facility provided a study of the outfall which showed that the
outfall quickly achieved complete mixing across the width of the
river. Dilution at the edge of the mixing zone can therefore be
characterized by the complete mixing equation:
Cr = (Cd) (Qd) + (Cs) (Qs)
(Qd + Qs)
where Cr = the receiving water concentration,
Cd = the effluent concentration,
Qd = the effluent flow,
Cs = the receiving water background concentration, and
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow.
The receiving water concentrations (Cr) expected in the Illinois
River are calculated using the equation described above, and the
following data:
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Fact Sheet
Page 9 of 21
Effluent Receiving Water
Concentration (Cd)* Concentration (Cs)**
Pollutant r ma/11 f ma/11
Lead 0.38 0
Zinc 0.21 . 0.07
* - Maximum daily concentration reported in the application Form 2C
** - Source U.S.G.S. STORET
For comparison with acute water quality standards, receiving water
concentrations are calculated as follows:
Cr (lead) = [(0.38 mg/l)(7.06 cfs) + (0 mg/l)(23.6 cfs)]/(7.06 cfs
+ 23.6 cfs)
= 0.088 mg/1
Cr (zinc) = [(0.21 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0.07 mg/1)(23.6 cfs)]/(7.06
cfs + 23.6 cfs)
= 0.102 mg/1
For comparison with chronic water quality standards, receiving
water concentrations are calculated as follows:
Cr (lead) = [(0.38 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0 mg/1)(70.9 cfs)]/(7.06 cfs
+ 70.9 cfs)
= 0.034 mg/1
Cr (zinc) = [(0.21 mg/1)(7.06 cfs) + (0.07 mg/1)(70.9 cfs)]/(7.06
cfs + 70.9 cfs)
= 0.083 mg/1
The following table compares each receiving water concentration
calculated above with the State Water Quality Standard for aquatic
life protection:
State Receiving Water
Standard Concentration
Pollutant fua/ll fug/I)
Zinc
Chronic no 83
Acute 120 102
Lead
Chronic 3.2 34
Acute 82 88
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Fact Sheet
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Since the calculated receiving water concentrations are less than
the criterion for zinc and greater than the criterion for lead,
water quality limits will be necessary for lead, but not for zinc.
It should be noted that the procedure used above does not account
for the variability of the pollutant concentrations in the
effluent. The EPA Technical Support Document for Water Quality-
based Toxics Control recommends accounting for this variability by
calculating the reasonable potential for pollutants to cause
exceedances of water quality standards. Specifically, the
reasonable potential is calculated using the maximum expected
effluent concentration, which is estimated by using a
multiplication factor (F) that incorporates both the coefficient of
variation (CV) and the nunuer of effluent samples collected. If
this methodology were used with the existing data for Luster Glass,
Inc., there would be a reasonable potential for the concentration
of zinc in the discharge to
exceed both the acute and chronic water
quality standards, and thus* water quality permit limits will also
be calculated for zinc. '
The following equation is used to calculate the effluent
concentrations [which is commonly referred to as the waste load
allocation (WLA)] for lead and zinc that will ensure protection of
the State water quality standard.
Cd = WLA = Cr (Qd + Qs) - (Cs)(Qs)
Qd
where Cd = WLA = waste load allocation
Cr = the applicable water quality standard
Qd = the effluent flow =7.06 cfs
Qs = the appropriate receiving water flow
Cs = the receiving water background concentration
Based on the following information, the waste load allocations for
lead and zinc are calculated.
Cr = Acute State Water Cs = Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concentration
Lead 0.082 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.12 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
Cr = Chronic State Water Cs = Upstream
Pollutant Quality Standard Concentration
Lead 0.0032 mg/1 0 mg/1
Zinc 0.11 mg/1 0.07 mg/1
16-18
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Fact Sheet
Page 11 of 21
Lead (acute) Cd = [(0.082 mg/1)(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs) - (0
mg/1)(23.6 cfs)] / 7.06 cfs
=0.36 mg/1
Lead (chronic) Cd = [(0.0032 mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs) - (0
mg/1)(70.9 cfs)]/ 7.06 cfs
= 0.04 mg/1
Zinc (acute) Cd = [(0.12 mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs) - (0.07
mg/1)(23.6 cfs)] / 7.06 cfs
=0.29 mg/1
Zinc (chronic) Cd = [(0.11 mg/1) (7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs) - (0.07
mg/1) (70.9 cfs)]/ 7.06 cfs = 0.51 mg/1
Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never
to be exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective
of the most stringent waste load allocation), a maximum daily
limitation (HDL) and a average monthly limitation (AML) for lead
and zinc are calculated using the waste load allocations calculated
above. It should be noted that the ratio of daily maximum to
monthly average for the technology-based effluent limitations for
lead and zinc are used to derive the MOL and AML. Specifically,
these ratios are 1.6 for lead and 1.0 for zinc.
Lead - Since the chronic WLA is more limiting than the acute WLA
(i.e., 0.04 mg/1 < 0.36 mg/1), it will be used as the basis for
limitations. Since the chronic WLA can never be exceeded, 0.04
mg/1 is used as the MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
0.04 mg/1
= 0.03 mg/1
1.6
Zinc - Since the acute WLA is more limiting than the chronic WLA
(i.e., 0.29 mg/1 < 0.51 mg/1), it will be used as the basis for
limitations. Since the acute WLA can never be exceeded, 0.029 mg/1
is used as the MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
0.29 mg/1
= 0.29 mg/1
1.0
Comparing the chemical specific water quality-based limits
calculated above with the technology-based effluent limitations
calculated for Outfall 001 (see Section VI above), the water
quality-based limits for lead are more stringent than the
technology-based limits, so they will be used as the basis for
effluent limits in the permit. Since the technology-based effluent
limits for zinc are more stringent than the water quality-based
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Fact Sheet
Page 12 of 21
limits, the technology-based effluent limits will be used.
Equivalent end-of-pipe mass effluent limitations are also being
established in the draft permit. Using the total Outfall 001 flow
(4.563 mgd), mass limitations for lead are calculated as follows:
MDL = (0.04 mg/l)(4.563 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
=1.52 Ibs/day
AML = (0.03 mg/l)(4.563 106 gal/day)(1 lb/454,000 mg)(3.785 1/gal)
=1.14 Ibs/day
Whole Effluent Toxicitv
The previous NPDES permit issued to the Luster Glass facility
contained a requirement for conducting monthly acute and chronic
toxicity tests during the fourth and fifth year of the permit
(March 1988 through February 1989). The test species selected by
the facility was the fathead minnow, based on an initial comparison
of species sensitivity performed in February 1988. The results of
these toxicity tests were reviewed to determine whether an effluent
limit on toxicity should be developed for the permit.
The concentration of acute and chronic toxicity in the receiving
water is calculated and is then compared to the State water quality
standards. The receiving water concentrations for acute and
chronic toxicity were calculated using the following formula:
Cr = (Cd) (Qd) + (Cs) (Qs)
Where
Cr
Cd
Qd
Cs
Qs
(Qd + Qs)
receiving water concentration
effluent concentration
effluent flow
receiving water background concentration
appropriate receiving water flow
The following summarizes the toxicity data submitted by Luster
Glass for the period from March 1988 to February 1989:
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Fact Sheet
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Toxicity Data (Fathead minnows)
LC50 NOEC
(% effluent) (% effluent)
58.0 50
25.2 3
55.0 10
46.3 30
44.8 25
5.9 1
67.8 10
3.9 1
50.1 30
52.0 10
32.1 3
41.7 30
All toxicity testing by Luster Glass involved the use of upstream
ambient water for the control and diluent, so that in all
calculations, the upstream toxicity is assumed to be zero. The
highest result of chronic toxicity measured was an NOEC equal to 1%
effluent. By dividing 1 into 100, the NOEC is converted to chronic
Toxic Units (TUC) . Similarly for acute toxicity, the highest acute
toxicity was measured at an LC50 equal to 3.9 % which converts to
25.6 TUt.
The resultant receiving water concentration (Cr) in toxic units for
both acute and chronic toxicity are calculated using the following
data:
Cs = 0
Qs = 23.6 cfs (one third the 7Q10 for acute protection)
Qs = 70.9 cfs (the 7Q10 for chronic protection)
Qd «= 7.06 cfs
Acute
Cr = (25.6 TUt) (7.06 cfs)/(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs)
= 5.9 TU.
Chronic
Cr = (100 TUC) (7.06 Cfs)/(7.06 cfs + 70.9 cfs)
= 9.1 TUC
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Fact Sheet
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The State water quality standards for acute and chronic protection
are summarized below:
State Water Quality Standard for Acute Protection =0.3 TU.
State Water Quality Standard for Chronic Protection =1.0 TUC
WET limits would be necessary since the calculated receiving water
concentrations exceed the state water quality standards for both
acute and chronic protection:
For acute protection 5.9 TU. > 0.3 TU.
For chronic protection 9.1 TUC > 1.0 TUC
Using steady state assumptions, the WLAs were calculated using the
following formula:
Cd = [Cr(Qd + Qs)-(Cs)(Qs)] / Qd
where:
Cd = Concentration of the pollutant in the discharge, or waste
load allocation
Cr = State Water Quality Standard
for chronic protection = 1.0 TUC
for acute protection = 0.3 TU.
Qd = Discharge flow =7.06 cfs
Qs = Appropriate receiving water flow
chronic flow (7Q10) =70.9 cfs
acute flow =23.6 cfs
Cs = Receiving water or upstream concentration = 0
Assuming zero background toxicity, the limits are calculated as
follows:
WLA (acute) = [(0.3 TU,)(7.06 cfs + 23.6 cfs)] - [(0)(23.6 cfs)]
7.06 CfS
= 1.3 TU.
WLA (Chronic) = [(1.0 TUC)(7.06 Cfs + 70.9 cfs)] - [(0)(70.9 Cfs)]
7.06 CfS
= 11.0 TUC
An acute to chronic ratio (ACR) was calculated from the toxicity
data by taking the average ACR from each data set as follows:
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Fact Sheet
Page 15 of 21
LC50 NOEC
f% effluent) f% effluent) ACR
58.0 50 1.16
25.2 3 8.40
55.0 10 5.50
46.3 30 1.54
44.8 25 1.79
5.9 1 5.9
67.8 10 6.78
3.9 1 3.9
50.1 30 1.67
52.0 10 5.20
32.1 3 10.7
41.7 30 1.39 ,
Average 4.5
The acute WLA (in TUJ are converted to TUC using the acute to
chronic ratio (ACR) as follows:
WLA (in TU.e) =1.3 TU. * ACR
= 1.3 TU. * 4.5
= 5.9 TU.C
Given that all State water quality standards are expressed as never
to be exceeded (i.e., water quality-based limits must be protective
of the most stringent waste load allocation) , a maximum daily
limitation (MDL) and a average monthly limitation (AML) for WET
were calculated using the waste load allocations calculated above.
A ratio of daily maximum to monthly average of 1.6 is assumed for
WET based upon technolgy-based effluent limits for lead.
\
Since the acute WLA is more limiting than the chronic WLA (i.e.,
5.9 TU.C < 11.0 TUe) , it will be used as the basis for limitations.
Since the acute WLA can never be exceeded, 5.9 TU.C is used as the
MDL. The AML is calculated as follows:
5.9
"' = 3.7 TUC
1.6
The permittee shall conduct chronic toxicity tests according to
methods outlined in "Short Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms"
(EPA 600/4-89 001).
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Fact Sheet
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VIII. Proposed Effluent Limitations
Table 2 summarizes the proposed effluent limitations for Outfall
001. Proposed effluent limitations for zinc are based on BPJ. The
limitation for temperature is based on State water quality
standards. The proposed limitations for lead were calculated above
as chemical specific water quality-based limitations. The
remainder of the effluent limitations are based on BPT/BAT effluent
guidelines at 40 CFR Part 426 and State effluent standards.
IX. Monitoring Requirements
Monitoring for those pollutants expected to be present in Outfall
001 (i.e., TSS, oil and grease, phosphorus, lead, and zinc) will be
required once per week. Except for oil and grease, for which a
grab sample is required, 2«4-hour composite samples are required.
Temperature is to be monitored continuously during discharge.
I
Whole effluent toxicity testing for chronic toxicity shall be
conducted 2/month on a 24-hour composite sample of the final
ef.fluent.
X. Special Conditions
Luster Glass Inc. will be required to update their existing Best
Management Practices (BMP) plan to address 'th« potential for
leakage of gasoline from Tank Number 42 and nitric acid from the
drum storage area. Specifically, Luster Glass Inc. should
undertake the following two site-specific BMPs and incorporate them
into their plan. First, remedial action must be taken on Tank
Number 42 to repair the damaged tank. The gasoline must be
transferred to another vessel (e.g., tank truck) while the tank is
cleaned, repaired, welded or holes plugged. To prevent
environmental damage at this site in the future, the following BMPs
should be incorporated into the plan: visual inspection, secondary
containment, preventative maintenance, or some combination thereof.
Secondly, the drum storage area must be cleaned up by following
procedures such as the following: inventory the drums to identify
the contents and amounts of chemicals therein; inspect the drums
for deterioration or leaks, and segregate and adequately dispose of
the leaking or deteriorating drums; remove and adequately dispose
of any contaminated soil; neatly stack the remaining drums in a
manner to eliminate hazards to humans or the environment by
isolating the drums from walkways or roadways, placing them on an
impervious pad, covering the storage area, diking the area, moving
the storage area away from the stream or some combination thereof.
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XI. Information Sources
While developing effluent limitations, monitoring requirements, and
special conditions for the draft permit, the following information
sources were used:
(1) EPA NPDES Application Forms 1 and 2C dated October 1980 and
February 1985, respectively.
(2) State Effluent Standards, Part 304 of the State Administrative
Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection; Subtitle C - Water
Pollution, adopted March 17, 1980.
(3) Division files related to the Luster Glass Inc. NPDES Permit
NO. IL0654321.
(4) State Water Quality Standards, Part 302 of the State
Administrative Code, Title 35 - Environmental Protection;
Subtitle C - Water Pollution, adopted March 17, 1980.
(5) EPA Technical Support Document for Water Quality-Based Toxics
Control.
(6) 40 CFR Parts 423, 433, and 426.
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Date
03-88
04-88
05-88
06-88
07-88
08-88
09-88
10-88
11-88
12-88
01-89
02-89
TABLE 1
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
Flow (mgd)
Mon. Aver. Daily Max.
4.575
4.554
4.552
4.568
4.585
4.588
4.571
4.568
4.553
4.551
4.550
4.560
4.583
4.567
4.569
4.573
4.589
4.591
4.581
4.572
4.573
4.541
4.561
4.570
TSS
flb/dl
180.4
245.2
429.3
308.7
Oil &
Grease
(Ib/dV
19
27
88
22
Phosphorus
flb/dl
14
18
29
15
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Fact Sheet
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
pH Temperature Zinc Lead COD
Date fS.U.l (degrees F) fma/11 . fma/ll fma/11
03-88 6.6 80 0.21 0.10 50
04-88
05-88
06-88 7.1 83 0.08 0.17
07-88
08-88
09-88 9.0 78 0.09 0.12
10-88
11-88
12-88 8.1 61 0.06 0.38
01-89
02-89
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Fact Sheet
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TABLE 1 (Continued)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
LUSTER GLASS INC.
March 1988 through February 1989
Toxicity Test Data: Unless otherwise indicated, acute toxicity
tests were conducted using fathead minnow and
reported as 48 hr. LCSO; chronic toxicity tests
were conducted using fathead minnows and
reported as 7 day NOEC.
LC50 NOEC
DATE (% effluent) (% effluent)
3/88 58.0 50
4/88 25.2 3
5/88 55.0 10
6/88 46.3 30
7/88 44.8 25
8/88 5.9 1
9/88 67.8 10
10/88 3.9 1
11/88 50.1 30
12/88 52.0 10
1/89 32.1 . 3
2/89 41.7 30
* Toxicity tests using Ceriodaphnia dubia 48 hour survival
(acute) and 7 day reproduction (chronic)
16-28
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Fact Sheet
Page 21 of 21
TABLE 2
PROPOSED EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS
NPDES PERMIT NO. IL0654321
DAILY MAXIMUM
MONTHLY AVERAGE
PARAMETER
Flow (mgd)
TSS
Oil & Grease
Phosphorous
PH
Temperature
Total Lead
Total Zinc
Whole' Effluent
Toxicity (WET)
a/ pH shall be
b/ Not greater
LBS/DAY
Report
451.1
104.2
16.5
a/
b/
1.52
3.75
c/
within the
MG/L
11.86
2.74
0.43
0.04
0.10
range of
LBS/DAY
Report
351.3
104.2
16.5
1.14
s 3.75
c/
MG/L
9.23
2.74
0.43
0.03
0.10
6.0 - 9.0 standard units
than 2.8 degrees Centigrade above
ambient, or
c/
1.7 degrees Centigrade above the following maximum
limits:
December 1 through March 31
April 1 through November 30
16 deg C (60 deg F)
32 deg C (90 deg F)
Discharges of effluent with toxicity greater than the
following amounts are prohibited: Maximum Daily Chronic
Toxicity of 5.9 TU.C and Average Monthly Chronic Toxicity
of 3.7 TUe.
16-29
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EXAMPLE RESPONSE
TO COMMENTS
16-30
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RESPONSE TO .COMMENTS
FINAL PERMIT DECISION
This is our response to comments received on the subject draft permit in
accordance with regulations promulgated at 40 CFR Part 124.17.
Permit No. " LA0006181
Applicant: Allied Chemical Corporation
P.O. Box 226
Geismar, Louisiana 70734
Issuing Office: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
144S Ross Avenue
Dallas. Texas 75202-2733
Prepared By: Edward C. McHam. Engineer
Industrial Permits Section (6W-PI)
Permits Branch
Vater Management Division
(214) 655-7180
Permit Action: Final permit decision and response to comments
received on the draft permit publicly noticed on
7/7/84.
Date Prepared: 9/5/84
Unless otherwise stated, citations to 40 CFR refer to promulgated regulations
listed at Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, revised as of 7/1/83.
The following comments have been received on the draft permit:
Letter Dessert (Allied) to Caldwell (EPA) dated 7/30/84
ISSUE NO. 1
The draft permit establishes biomonitoring requirements at Outfall 004. The
company requests deletion of these requirements.
RESPONSE NO. 1
The request Is denied.
The permittee states that biomonitoring will be duplicative and unnecessary
because:
(1) EPA has identified the toxic pollutants of concern.
(2) The proposed permit places BAT limits and monitoring requirements
on these pollutants.
16-31
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PERMIT NO. LA0006181 RESPONSE, TO COMMENTS
(3) The BAT limits are more restrictive than water quality-based
limitations.
(4) Biomonitoring results could be distorted and masked by the osmotic
stress on test organisms exerted by the salts present in an H?
plant effluent.
The biomonitoring method is a standardized method used throughout EPA Region 6
to measure the toxicity of various effluents which contain toxic componer.es.
The test is not based on water quality impacts of a specific receiving scream.
Under Section 308 of the Clean Water Act, EPA Region 6 has the authority to
require permittees to support development of data bases such as those
associated with toxics. Therefore, biomonitoring requirements as established
in the draft permit are retained in the final permit.
16-32
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Mil'-, -r- .-~
Chevron Chemical Company ' \ -v^rr, \~ ,5-. ,v
PO. Bo» 78. Si. James. LA 70086 Phone (504| 473-7946
January 12, 1990
D P Teichman
S:-" CERTIFIED MAIL - RETURN RECEIPT # P 965 729 397
Ms. Ellen Caldwell
Permits Branch (6W-PS)
U.S. EPA Region VI
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
SUBJECT: CHEVRON CHEMICAL COMMENTS
NPDES PERMIT NO. LA0029963
Dear Ms. Caldwell:
We have reviewed draft NPDES Permit No. IA0029963 for Chevron
Chemical's St. James Plant issued for public comment by the EPA on
December 16, 1989. We have the following comments:
1. As represented in the Fact Sheet (Part VIII.Section c 1), we
understand an administrative order will be issued concurrent
with the final permit decision. We understand the
administrative order will establish interim limits which will
be in,effect until 2/1/91, when our upgraded effluent treatment
plant will be operational. As a result, we have not reviewed,
and are not providing comments on the draft permit relative to
it being in effect during the interim period (i.e. from final
permit issuance to 2/1/91).
2. We want to clarify that the discharge description included in
Part V of the Fact Sheet is representative of our current
facility discharge. Following completion of our ongoing
facility expansion, the concentration of pollutants in our
discharge will significantly decrease and the discharge flowrate
will increase from current levels. These changes to our
. discharge were detailed in our submittals to the EPA and have
been properly recognized in development of the proposed permit
limits.
3. We request that you change the pH of the Outfall 002 from 9.0
to 10.0. The plant's clarified water and firewater is purchased
and is lime softened with a pH of 10. This water has a high pH
but a low alkalinity and is not hazardous to personnel nor to
the environment.
In the last 6 months we have had 2 permit ei
these water systems. In the first instance, b
the paved areas of the plant with firewater, we
pH limit. In the second instance, a number of clarified --a-er
JAN 181590
16-33
3- Wash ing
the 9.0
-------
and firewater lines failed due to the hard December freeze.
This water overflowed the retention pond and again we had a
permit exceedence.
We have developed and have begun implementing a plan to
eliminate continuous sources of high pH water currently
discharged to our retention pond. This work will be completed
by the 1/1/91. He therefore feel that a change of the pH limit
on Outfall 002 fr
the environment aid would eliminate nuisance excursions.
We appreciated receiving
om 9.0 to 10.0 would not endanger people nor
the well-organized and readable fact sheet
which clearly established the basis for the permit requirements.
Although the proposed permit limits are substantially lower than those
in our previous permit, we expect to be able to achieve and maintain
compliance once our upgraded effluent treatment plant is fully
operational.
If you have any questions or wish to discuss our comments further,
please do not hesitate to contact me or my staff.
Very truly yours,
P. Teichman
LLR/vho
16-34
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PRACTICAL EXERCISE
The Administrative Process
DIRECTIONS;
You are a permit writer and have issued an NPDES permit for Luster Glass Inc.,
a glass manufacturer located on the Illinois River. Luster Glass Inc., unhappy
with your work, seeks an administrative appeal of the permit and in so doing,
raises the following issues:
The permit is improperly based on the provisions of 40 CFR Part 426
(Glass Manufacturing Point Source Category);
The effluent limitations for zinc and lead are calculated
incorrectly;
Luster Glass Inc.'s request to delete the duty to mitigate condition
was improperly ignored;
The weekly monitoring requirements for lead and zinc are excessive;
and
The Agency violated its regulations ana established policy by
refusing to hold a hearing as requested by Luster Glass Inc.
QUESTIONS;
(1) Assuming Luster Glass Inc.'s appeal is granted, what effect will this have
on the effectiveness of the NPDES permit?
(2) What standard of review should the Hearing Officer use to evaluate the
permit?
(3) You have been called upon to testify on behalf of the Permit Authority.
How do you respond to each of the issues raised by Luster Glass Inc.?
(a) The improper use of regulations:
(b) The calculation of limitations:
(c) The inclusion of the duty to mitigate condition:
(d) The excessive monitoring requirements:
(e) The failure to hold a hearing:
(4) In addition to this logically organized and undeniably scientific
testimony concerning your actions in developing this permit, what other
assistance might you be asked to lend to your attorney?
(5) Once the Hearing Officer has made a decision, what is the next step in the
process of getting the Luster Glass permit final and effective?
16-35
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16-36
-------
PERMIT WRITERS ON APPEAL
Witness for permit authority
Source of technical knowledge for attorney
Assist in developing cross-examination questions
NOTES:
16-37
-------
MAJOR MODIFICATIONS
1. Reopener condition
2. Correct technical and legal mistakes
3. Failure to notify interested State
4. New information
5. Alterations justifying new/different conditions
6. New regulations
7. Modification of a compliance schedule (> 120 days)
8. Require POTW to develop pretreatment programs
9. Unsuccessful BPJ treatment installed
10. Address non-limited pollutants
11. Variance request
12. Adjust limits to reflect net pollutant treatment
13. Insert 307(a) toxic or Part 503 sludge use/disposal
14. Establish notification levels
NOTES:
16-38
-------
MINOR MODIFICATIONS
1. Typographical errors
^
2. More frequent monitoring
3. Change in interim compliance date (<120 days)
4. Change in ownership
5. Change in construction schedule for new source
6. Deletion of point source outfall
7. Incorporate approved local pretreatment program
PERMIT TERMINATIONS
Suspend effectiveness in emergency
Terminate for falsifications, recalcitrants or changed conditions
Post public notice intentions and offer permittee a hearing
NOTES:
16-39
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APPLICABLE EFFLUENT STANDARDS
REVIEW EXERCISE
1. Industrial facilities are subject to:
2. POTWs are subject to:
3. Federal facilities are subject to:
4. Industrial storm water
5. Municipal storm waterfis subject to:
is subject to:
6. Combined sewer overflows are subject to:
7. New sources are subject to:
8. New dischargers are subject to:
NOTES:
16-40
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Permit No.: IL0654321
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
AUTHORIZATION TO DISCHARGE UNDER THE
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
In compliance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act, as amended, (33
U.S.C. S1251 et seq; the "Act"),
LUSTER GLASS, INC.
is authorized to discharge from a facility located in Morris, Illinois
to receiving waters named the Illinois River
in accordance with discharge point(s), effluent limitations, monitoring
requirements and other conditions set forth herein. Authorization for discharge
is limited to those outfalls specifically listed in "the permit.
This permit shall become effective
August 31, 1989
This permit and the authorization to discharge shall expire at midnight,
August 31, 1994.
Signed this day of
Authorized Permitting Official
Director
Water Management Division
Title
16-41
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PART I
Page 2 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover SheetIssuance and Expiration Dates
I. Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements
A. Definitions
B. Description of Discharge Points
c. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements
(Includes Compliance Schedules as Appropriate)
II. Monitoring, Recording and Reporting Requirements
A. Representative Sampling
B. Monitoring Procedures
C. Penalties for Tampering
D. Reporting of Monitoring Results
E. Compliance Schedules
F. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee
G. Records Contents
H. Retention of Records
I. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance Reporting
J. Other Noncompliance Reporting
K. Inspection and Entry
III. Compliance Responsibilities
A. Duty to Comply
B. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense
D. Duty to Mitigate
E. Proper Operation and Maintenance
F. Removed Substances
G. Bypass of Treatment Facilities
H. Upset Conditions
I. Toxic Pollutants
J. Changes in Discharge of Toxic Substances
IV. General Requirements
A. Planned Changes
B. Anticipated Noncompliance
C. Permit Actions
D. Duty to Reapply
E. Duty to Provide Information
F. Other Information
G. Signatory Requirements
H. Penalties for Falsification of Reports
I. Availability of Reports
J. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability
K. Coast Guard
L. Property Rights
M. Severability
N. Transfers
O. State Laws
P. Water Quality Standard Requirements-Reopener Provision
Q. Toxicity Reopener Provision
V. Special Requirements
A. Best Management Practices (BMP) Plan
B. BMP Implementation
C. Site-Specific BMPs
16-42
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PART I
Page 3 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
I. EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS AND MONITORING REQUIREMENTS
A. Definitions.
1. The "30-day (and monthly) average," other than for fecal coliform
bacteria and total coliform bacteria, is the arithmetic average
of all samples collected during a consecutive 30-day period or
calendar month, whichever is applicable. Geometric means shall
be calculated for fecal coliform bacteria and total coliform
bacteria. The calendar month shall be used for purposes of
reporting self-monitoring data on discharge monitoring report
forms.
2. The "7-day (and weekly) average," other than for fecal coliform
bacteria and total coliform bacteria, is the arithmetic mean of
all samples collected during a consecutive 7-day period or
calendar week, whichever is applicable. Geometric means shall be
calculated for fecal coliform bacteria and total coliform
bacteria. The 7-day and weekly averages are applicable only to
those effluent characteristics for which there are 7-day average
effluent limitations. The calendar week which begins on Sunday
and ends on Saturday, shall be used for purposes of reporting
self-monitoring data on discharge monitoring report forms.
Weekly averages shall be calculated for all calendar weeks with
Saturdays in the month. If a calendar week overlaps two months
(i.e., the Sunday is in one month and the Saturday in the
following month), the weekly average calculated for that calendar
week shall be included in the data for the month that contains
the Saturday.
3. "Daily Maximum" ("Daily Max.") is the maximum value allowable in
any single sample or instantaneous measurement.
4. "Composite samples" shall be flow proportioned. The composite
sample shall, as a minimum, contain at least four (4) samples
collected over . the compositing period. Unless otherwise
specified, the time between the collection of the first sample
and the last sample shall not be less than six (6) hours nor more
than 24 hours. Acceptable methods for preparation of composite
samples are as follows:
a. Constant time interval between samples, sample volume
proportional to flow rate at time of sampling;
b. Constant time interval between samples, sample volume
proportional to total flow (volume) since last sample. For
the first sample, the flow rate at the time the sample was
collected may be used;
c. Constant sample volume, time interval between samples
proportional to flow (i.e., sample taken every "X" gallons
of flow); and,
d. Continuous collection of sample, with sample collection rate
proportional to flow rate.
5. A "grab" sample, for monitoring requirements, is defined as a
single "dip and take" sample collected at a representative point
in the discharge stream.
16-43
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PART I
Page 4 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
6. An "instantaneous" measurement, for monitoring requirements, La
defined as a single reading, observation, or measurement.
7. "Upset" means an exceptional incident in which there is
unintentional and temporary noncompliance with technology-based
permit effluent limitations because of factors beyond the
reasonable control of the permittee. An upset does not include
noncompliance to the extent caused by operational error,
improperly designed treatment facilities, inadequate treatment
facilities, lack of preventive maintenance, or careless or
improper operation.
8. "Bypass" means the intentional diversion of waste streams from
any portion of a treatment facility.
9. "Severe property damage" means substantial physical damage to
property, damage to the treatment facilities which causes them to
become inoperable, or substantial and permanent loss of natural
resources which can reasonably be expected to occur in the
absence of a bypass. Severe property damage does not mean
economic loss caused by delays in production.
10. "Director" means director of the United States Environmental
Protection Agency's Water Management Division.
11. "EPA" means the United States Environmental Protection Agency.
12. "Sewage Sludge" is any solid, semi-solid or liquid residue that
contains materials removed from domestic sewage during treatment.
Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, primary and
secondary solids and sewage sludge products.
13. "Acute Toxicity" occurs when 50 percent or more mortality is
observed for either test species (See Part I.e.) at any effluent
concentration. Mortality in the control must simultaneously be
10 percent or less for the effluent results to be considered
valid.
14. "Chronic Toxicity" occurs when the survival, growth, or
reproduction, as applicable, for either test species, at the
effluent dilution(s) designated in this permit (see Part I.e.),
is significantly less (at the 95 percent confidence level) than
. that observed for the control specimens.
16-44
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PART I
Page 5 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
B. Description of Discharge Points
The authorization .to discharge provided under this permit is limited to
those outfalls specifically designated below as discharge locations.
Discharges at any location not authorized under an NPDES permit is a
violation of the Clean Water Act and could subject the person{e}
responsible for such discharge to penalties under Section 309 of the Act.
Knowingly discharging from an unauthorized location or failing to report an
unauthorized discharge within a reasonable time from first learning of an
unauthorized discharge could subject such person to criminal penalties as
provided under the Clean Water Act.
Outfall
Serial Number Description of Discharge Point
001 Discharge of effluent from the wastewater treatment
oil/water separator and settling basins, and cooling
tower blowdown to the Illinois River.
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PART I
Page 6 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements
1. Effluent Limitations (Outfall 001)
Effective immediately and lasting through the life of the permit, the
permittee is authorized to discharge from Outfall 001. Such
discharges shall be limited by the permittee as specified below:
Effluent 30-Day a/ Daily a/
Parameter Average Maximum
Flow, MGD N/A N/A
Total Suspended Solids,
Ib/day 351.3 451.1
mg/1 9.23 11.86
Oil and Grease,
Ib/day
mg/1
104.2 104.2
|2.74 2.74
Total Phosphorus, ;
Ib/day J16.5 16.5
mg/1 0.43 0.43
Total Zinc,
Ib/day 3.75 3.75
mg/1 0.1 0.1
Total Lead,
Ib/day 1.14 1.52
mg/1 0.03 0.04.
/
Whole Effluent Toxicity
(WET), TUe b/ 3.7 5.9
pH, s.u. c/ £/
Temperature d/ d/
There shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam in other than trace
amounts.
a/ See Definitions, Part I.A. for definition of terms.
b/ The permittee shall demonstrate compliance with WET requirements specified
in Part I.e.3 of this permit.
£/ pH shall not be less than 6.0 s.u. nor greater than 9.0 s.u.
d/ Temperature shall not be greater than 2.8 degrees Centigrade above ambient,
or 1.7 degrees Centigrade above the following maximum limits: from
December 1 through March 31, 16 degrees Centigrade (60 degrees Fahrenheit)
and from April 1 through November 30, 32 degrees Centigrade (90 degrees
Fahrenheit).
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PART I
Page 7 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements (Cont.l
2. Self-Monitoring Requirements (Outfall 001)
As a minimum, upon the effective date of this permit, the following
constituents shall be monitored at the frequency and with the type of
measurement indicated; samples or measurements shall be representative
of the volume and nature of the monitored discharge. If no discharge
occurs during the entire monitoring period, it shall be stated on the
Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA No. 3320-1) that no discharge or
overflow occurred.
Effluent
Parameter
Flow, MGD b/
Temperature
Total Suspended Solids
Oil and Grease
Total Phosphorus
Total Zinc
Total Lead
Whole Effluent Toxicity
(WET), Chronic
PH
Frequency
Daily
Daily
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
Weekly
2/Month
Daily
Sample Type a/
Instantaneous or Continuous
Continuous
24-Hour Composite
Grab
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite
24-Hour Composite .
Continuous or Grab
Sampling by the permittee for compliance with the monitoring requirements
specified above shall be performed at the following locations(s): within
100 feet of Outfall 001 to the Illinois River.
a/
See definitions, Part I.A.
b/ Flow measurements of effluent volume shall be made in such a manner that
the permittee can affirmatively demonstrate that representative values are
being obtained.
16-47
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PART I
Page 8 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
C. Specific Limitations and Self-Monitoring Requirements (Cont.)
3. Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing - Chronic Toxicity
Starting the effective date of this permit, the permittee shall
conduct biweekly chronic toxicity tests on a 24 hour composite sample
of the final effluent. If chronic toxicity is detected, the permittee
shall conduct a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation, according to
specifications in Part I.e.4 of this permit. Test species shall
consist of Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnows). The chronic
toxicity tests shall be conducted in general accordance with the
procedures set out in the latest revision of "Short-Term Methods for
Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms", EPA/600-4-89-001. If control mortality exceeds
20 percent, the test shall be considered invalid. Chronic toxicity
occurs when the No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOECs) (calculated
within a 95 percent confidence interval) exceed(s) the permit
limit(s). Test results shall be reported along with the Discharge
Monitoring Report (DMR) submitted for the end of the calendar period
during which the whole effluent test was run. The report shall
include all the physical testing as specified and shall report test
conditions, including temperature, pH, conductivity, mortality, total
residual chlorine concentration, control mortality, and statistical
methods used to calculate an NOEC.
If the results for one year (26 consecutive weeks) of whole effluent
testing indicate no chronic toxicity, the permittee may request, the
permit issuing authority to allow the permittee to reduce testing
frequency. The permit issuing authority may approve, partially
approve, or deny the request based on results and other available
information.
4. Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE)
If the permittee fails to meet toxicity requirements specified in this
permit, the permit issuing authority shall determine that a TRE is
necessary. The permittee shall be so notified and shall initiate a
TRE immediately thereafter. The TRE shall include a TRE Test Plan
that must be submitted to the permitting authority within 60 days
after notification of a TRE requirement. The permitting authority
will then establish a deadline for compliance. The purpose of the TRE
will be to establish the cause of the toxicity, locate the source(s)
of the toxicity, and control or provide treatment for the toxicity
prior to the deadline.
If acceptable to the permit issuing authority, this permit may be
reopened and modified to incorporate any additional numerical
limitations, a modified compliance schedule if judged necessary by the
permit issuing authority, and/or a modified whole effluent protocol.
Failure to conduct an adequate TRE, or failure to submit a plan or
program as described above, or the submittal of a plan or program
judged inadequate by the permit issuing authority, shall in no way
relieve the permittee from the deadline for compliance contained in
this permit.
16-48
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PART II
Page 9 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
II. MONITORING, RECORDING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
A. Representative Sampling. Samples taken in compliance with the
monitoring requirements established under Part I shall be collected
from the effluent stream prior to discharge into the receiving waters.
Samples and measurements shall be representative of the volume and
nature of the monitored discharge.
B. Monitoring Procedures. Monitoring must be conducted according to test
procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136, unless other test
procedures have been specified in this permit.
C. Penalties for Tampering. The Act provides that any person who
falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly renders inaccurate, any
monitoring device or method required to be maintained under this
permit shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than
$10,000 per violation, or by imprisonment for not more than two years
per violation, or by both.
D. Reporting of Monitoring Results. Effluent monitoring results obtained
during the previous month(s) shall be summarized for each month and
reported on a Discharge Monitoring Report Form (EPA No. 3320-1),
postmarked no later than the 28th day of the month following the
completed reporting period. If no discharge occurs during the
reporting period, "no discharge" shall r*>e reported. Until further
notice, sludge monitoring results may be reported in the testing
laboratory's normal format (there is no EPA standard form at this
time), but should be on letter size pages. Legible copies of these,
and all other reports required herein, shall be signed and certified
in accordance with the Signatory Requirements (see Part IV). and
submitted to the Director, Water Management Division and the State
water pollution control agency at the following addresses:
original to: United States Environmental Protection Agency
Attention: Water Management Division
Compliance Branch
copy to: State Department of Health
Attention: Permits and Enforcement
E. Compliance Schedules. Reports of compliance or noncompliance with, or
any progress reports on interim and final requirements contained in
any Compliance Schedule of. this permit shall be submitted no later
than 14 days following each schedule date.
F. Additional Monitoring by the Permittee. If the permittee monitors any
pollutant more frequently than required by this permit, using test
procedures approved under 40 CFR 136 or as specified in this permit,
the results of this monitoring shall be included in the calculation
and reporting of the data submitted in the DMR. Such increased
frequency shall also be indicated.
G. Records Contents. Records of monitoring information shall include:
1. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
2. The initials or name(s) of the individual(s) who performed the
sampling or measurements;
3. The date(s) analyses were performed;
4. The time(s) analyses were initiated;
16-49
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PART II
Page 10 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
S. The initials or name(s) of individual(s) who performed the
analyses;
6. References and written procedures, when available, for the
analytical techniques or methods used; and,
7. The results of such analyses, including the bench sheets,
instrument readouts, computer disks or tapes, etc., used to
determine these results.
H. Retention of Records. The permittee shall retain records of all
monitoring information, including all calibration and maintenance
records and all original strip chart recordings for continuous
monitoring instrumentation, copies of all reports required by this
permit, and records of all data used to complete the application for
this permit, for a period of at least three years from the date of the
sample, measurement, report or application. This period may be
extended by request of the Director at any time. Data collected on
site, copies of Discharge Monitoring Reports, and a copy of this NPDES
permit must be maintained on site during the duration of activity at
the permitted location.
I. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance Reporting.
1. The permittee shall report any noncompliance which may seriously
endanger health or the environment as soon as possible, but no
later than twenty-four (24) hours from the time the permittee
first became aware of the circumstances. The report shall be
made to the EPA Emergency Response Branch at (312) 293-1788 and
the State at (312) 370-9395.
2. The following occurrences of noncompliance shall be reported by
telephone to the EPA Compliance Branch at (312) 293-1589 and the
State at (312) 331-4590 by the first workday (8:00 a.m. - 4:30
p.m. ) following the day the permittee became aware of the
circumstances:
a. Any unanticipated bypass which exceeds any -effluent
limitation in the permit (See Part III.G.. Bypass of
Treatment Facilities.);
. b. Any upset which exceeds any effluent limitation in the
permit (See Part III.H., Upset Conditions.); or,
c. Violation of a maximum daily discharge limitation for any of
the pollutants listed in the permit to be reported within 24
hours.
3. A written submission shall also be provided within five days of
the time that the permittee becomes aware of the circumstances.
The written submission shall contain:
a. A description of the noncompliance and its cause;
b. The period of noncompliance, including exact dates and
times;
c. The estimated time noncompliance is expected to continue if
it has not been corrected; and,
d. Steps taken or planned to reduce, eliminate, and prevent
reoccurrence of the noncompliance.
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PART II
Page 11 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
4. The Director may waive the written report on a case-by-case basis
if the oral report has been received within 24 hours by the
Compliance Branch, Water Management Division by phone, (312) 293-
1589.
5. Reports shall be submitted to the addresses in Part n.D..
Reporting of Monitoring Results.
J. Other Noncompliance Reporting. Instances of noncompliance not
required to be reported within 24 hours shall be reported at the time
that monitoring reports for Part II.D. are submitted. The reports
shall contain the information listed in Part II.I.2.
K. Inspection and Entry. The permittee shall allow the Director, or an
authorized representative, upon the presentation of credentials and
other documents as may be required by law, to:
1. Enter upon the permittee's premises where a regulated facility or
activity is located or conducted, or where records must be kept
under the conditions of this permit;
2. Have access to and copy, at reasonable times, any records that
must be kept under the conditions of this permit;
3. Inspect at reasonable times any facilities, equipment (including
monitoring and control equipment), practices, or operations
regulated or required under this permit; and,
4. Sample or monitor at reasonable times, for the purpose of
assuring permit compliance or as otherwise authorized by the Act,
any substances or parameters at any location.
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PART III
Page 12 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
III. COMPLIANCE RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Duty to Comply. The permittee must comply with all conditions of this
permit. Any permit noncompliance constitutes a violation of the Act
and is grounds for- enforcement action; for permit termination,
revocation and reissuance, or modification; or for denial of a permit
renewal application. The permittee shall give the Director advance
notice of any planned changes at the permitted facility or of an
activity which may result in permit noncompliance.
B. Penalties for Violations of Permit Conditions. The Act provides that
any person who violates a permit condition implementing Sections 301,
302, 306, 307, 308, 318, or 405 of the Act is subject to a civil
penalty not to exceed $25,000 per day of such violation. Any person
who willfully or negligently violates permit conditions implementing
Sections 301, 302, 306, 307, or 308 of the Act is subject to a fine of
not less than $5,000, nor more than $50,000 per day of violation, or
by imprisonment for
provided in permit c< mditions in Part III.G.. Bypass of Treatment
Facilities and Part I
shall be construed to
penalties for noncomp
not more than 3 years, or both. Except as
I.H.. Upset Conditions, nothing in this permit
relieve the permittee of the civil or criminal
i_ance.
C. Need to Halt or Reduce Activity not a Defense. It shall not be a
defense for a permittee in an enforcement action that it would have
been necessary to halt or reduce the permitted activity in order to
maintain compliance with the conditions of this permit.
D. Duty to Mitigate. The permittee shall take all reasonable steps to
minimize or prevent any discharge in violation of this permit which
has a reasonable likelihood of adversely affecting human health or the
environment.
E. Proper Operation and Maintenance. The permittee shall at all times
properly operate and maintain all facilities and systems of treatment
and control (and related appurtenances) which are installed or used by
the permittee to achieve compliance with the conditions of this
permit. Proper operation and maintenance also includes. adequate
laboratory controls and appropriate quality assurance procedures.
This provision requires the operation of back-up or auxiliary
facilities or similar systems which are installed by a permittee only
when the operation is necessary to achieve compliance with the
conditions of the permit. However, the permittee shall operate, as a
minimum, one complete set of each main line unit treatment process
whether or not this process is needed to achieve permit effluent
compliance.
F. Removed Substances. Collected screenings, grit, solids, sludges, or
other pollutants removed in the course of treatment shall be buried or
disposed of in such a manner so as to prevent any pollutant from
entering any waters of the state or creating a health hazard. Filter
backwash shall not be directly blended with or enter either the final
plant discharge and/or waters of the United States.
G. Bypass of Treatment Facilities;
1. Bypass not exceeding limitations. The permittee may allow any
bypass to occur which does not cause effluent limitations to be
exceeded, but only if it also is for essential maintenance to
assure efficient operation. These bypasses are not subject to
the provisions of paragraphs 2. and 3. of this section.
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PART III
Page 13 of 19
Permit No.: IL06S4321
2. Notice:
a. Anticipated bypass. If the permittee knows in advance of
the need for a bypass, it shall submit prior notice, if
possible at least 60 days before the date of the bypass.
b. Unanticipated bypass. The permittee shall submit notice of
an unanticipated bypass as required under Part II.I..
Twenty-four Hour Reporting.
3. Prohibition of bypass.
a. Bypass is prohibited and the Director may take enforcement
action against a permittee for a bypass, unless:
(1) The bypass was unavoidable to prevent loss of life,
personal injury, or severe property damage;
(2) There were no feasible alternatives to the bypass,
such as the use of auxiliary treatment facilities,
retention of untreated wastes, or maintenance during
normal periods of equipment downtime. This condition
is not satisfied if adequate back-up equipment should
have been installed in the exercise of reasonable
engineering judgement "to prevent a bypass which
occurred during normal periods of equipment downtime
or preventive maintenance; and,
(3) The permittee submitted notices as required under
paragraph 2. of this section.
b. The Director may approve an anticipated bypass, after
considering its adverse effects, if the Director determines
that it will meet the three conditions listed above in
paragraph 3.a. of this section.
H. Upset Conditions.
1. Effect of an upset. An upset constitutes an affirmative defense
to an action brought for noncompliance with technology, based
permit effluent limitations if the requirements of paragraph 2.
of this section are met. No determination made during
administrative review of claims that noncompliance was caused by
upset, and before an action for noncompliance, is final
administrative action subject to judicial review (i.e.,
Permittees will have the opportunity for a judicial determination
on any claim of upset only in an enforcement action brought for
noncompliance with technology-based permit effluent limitations).
2. Conditions necessary for a demonstration of upset... -A permittee
who wishes to establish the affirmative defense of upset shall
demonstrate, through properly signed, contemporaneous operating
logs, or other relevant evidence that:
a. An upset occurred and that the permittee can identify the
cause(s) of the upset;
b. The permitted facility was at the time being properly
operated;
c. The permittee submitted notice of the upset as required
under Part II.I.. Twenty-four Hour Notice of Noncompliance
Reporting; and,
d. The permittee complied with any remedial measures required
under Part III.P.. Duty to Mitigate.
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PART III
Page 14 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
3. Burden of proof. In any enforcement proceeding, the permittee
seeking to establish the occurrence of an upset has the burden of
proof.
I. Toxic Pollutants. The permittee shall comply with effluent standards
or prohibitions established under Section 307(a) of the Act for toxic
pollutants within the time provided in the regulations that establish
those standards or prohibitions, even if the permit has not yet been
modified to incorporate the requirement.
J. Chances in Discharge of Toxic Substances. Notification shall be
provided to the Director as soon as the permittee knows of, or has
reason to believe:
1. That any activity has occurred or will occur which would result
in the discharge, on a routine or frequent basis, of any toxic
pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that discharge
will exceed the highest of the following -notification levels":
a. One hundred micrograms per liter (100 ug/L);
b. Two hundred micrograms per liter (200 ug/L) for acrolein and
acrylonitrile; five hundred micrograms per liter (500 ug/L)
for 2,4-dinitrophenol and for 2-methyl-4, 6-dinitrophenol;
and one milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for antimony;
c. Five (5) times the maximum concentration value reported for
that pollutant in the permit application in accordance with
40 CFR 122.21(g)(7); or,
d. The level established by the Director in accordance with 40
CFR 122.44(f).
2. That any activity has occurred or will occur whicl. would result
in any discharge, on a non-routine or infrequent basis, of a
toxic pollutant which is not limited in the permit, if that
discharge will exceed the highest of the following "notification
levels":
a. Five hundred micrograms per liter (500 ug/L);
b. One milligram per liter (1 mg/L) for antimony:
c. Ten (10) times the maximum concentration value reported for
that pollutant in the permit application in accordance with
40 CFR 122.21(g)(7); or,
d. The level established by the Director in accordance with 40
CFR 122.44(f).
16-54
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PART IV
Page 15 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
IV. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Planned Changes. The permittee shall give notice to the Director as
soon as possible of any planned physical alterations or additions to
the permitted facility. Notice is required only when:
1. The alteration or addition to a permitted facility may meet one
of the criteria for determining whether a facility is a new
source as determined in 40 CFR 122.29(b); or
2. The alteration or addition could significantly change the nature
or increase the quantity of pollutants discharged. This
notification applies to pollutants which are subject neither to
effluent limitations in the permit, nor to notification
requirements under Part IV.A.I.
B. Anticipated Noncompliance. The permittee shall give advance notice of
any planned changes in the permitted facility or activity which may
result in noncompliance with permit requirements.
C. Permit Actions. This permit may be modified, revoked and reissued, or
terminated for cause. The filing of a request by the permittee for a
permit modification, revocation and reissuance, or termination, or a
notification of planned changes or anticipated noncompliance, does not
stay any permit condition.
D. Duty to Reapplv. If the permittee wishes to continue an activity
regulated by this permit after the expiration date of this permit,'the
permittee must apply for and obtain a new permit. The application
should be submitted at least 180 days before the expiration date of
this permit.
E. Duty to Provide Information. The permittee shall furnish to the
Director, within a reasonable time, any information which the Director
may request to determine whether cause exists for modifying, revoking
and reissuing, or terminating this permit, or to determine compliance
with this permit. The permittee shall also furnish to the Director,
upon request, copies of records required to be kept by this permit.
F. Other Information. When the permittee becomes aware that it failed to
submit any relevant facts in a permit application, or submitted
incorrect information in a permit application or any report to the
Director, it shall promptly submit such facts or information.
G. Signatory Requirements. All applications, reports or information
submitted to the Director shall be signed and certified.
1. All permit applications shall be signed as follows:
a. For a corporation: by a responsible corporate officer;
b. For a partnership or sole proprietorship: by a general
partner or the proprietor, respectively;
c. For a municipality, State, Federal, or other public agency:
by either a principal executive officer or ranking elected
official.
2. All reports required by the permit and other information
requested by the Director shall be signed by a person described
above or by a duly authorized representative of that person. A
person is a duly authorized representative only if:
a. The authorization is made in writing by a person described
above and submitted to the Director, and,
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PART IV
Page 16 of 19
Permit No.: IL06S4321
b. The authorization specified either an individual or a
position having responsibility for the overall operation of
the regulated facility or activity, such as the position of
plant manager, operator of a well or a well field,
superintendent, position of equivalent responsibility, or an
individual or position having overall responsibility for
environmental matters for the company. (A duly authorized
representative may thus be either a named individual or any
individual occupying a named position.)
3. Changes to authorization. If an authorization under paragraph
IV.G.2. is no longer accurate because a different individual or
position has responsibility for the overall operation of the
facility, a new authorization satisfying the requirements of
paragraph IV.G.2. must be submitted to the Director prior to or
together with any reports, information, or applications to be
signed by an authorized representative.
4. Certification. Any person signing a document under this section
shall make the following certification:
"I certify under 'penalty of law that this document and all
attachments were prepared under my direction or supervision in
accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified
personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted.
Based on my inquiry of the person or persons who manage the
system, or those persons directly responsible for gathering.the
information, the information submitted is, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware
that there are significant penalties for submitting false
information, including the possibility of fine and imprisonment
for knowing violations."
H. Penalties for Falsification of Reports. The Act provides that any
person who knowingly makes any false statement, representation, or
certification in any record or other document submitted or required to
be maintained under this permit, including monitoring reports or
reports of compliance or noncompliance shall, upon conviction be
punished by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by
imprisonment for not more than two years per violation, or by both.
I. Availability of Reports. Except for data determined to be
confidential under 40 CFR Part 2, all reports prepared in accordance
with the terms of this permit shall be available for public inspection
at the offices of the State water pollution control agency and the
Director. As required by the Act, permit applications, permits and
effluent data shall not be considered confidential.
J. Oil and Hazardous Substance Liability. Nothing in this permit shall
be construed to preclude the institution of any legal action or
relieve the permittee from any responsibilities, liabilities, or
penalties to which the permittee is or may be subject under
Section 311 of the Act.
K. Coast Guard. If the Permittee operates its facility at certain times
as a means of transportation over water, the Permittee shall comply
with any applicable regulations promulgated by the Secretary of the
department in which the Coast Guard is operating, that establish
specifications for safe transportation, handling, carriage, and
storage of pollutants.
L. Property Rights. The issuance of this permit does not convey any
property rights of any sort, or any exclusive privileges, nor does it
authorize any injury to private property or any invasion of personal
rights, nor any infringement of federal, state or local laws or
regulations.
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PART IV
Page 17 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
M. Sever ability. The provisions of this permit are severable, and if any
provision of this permit, or the application of any provision of this
permit to any circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such
provision to other circumstances, and the remainder of this permit,
shall not be affected thereby.
N. Transfers. This permit may be automatically transferred to a new
permittee if:
1. The current permittee notifies the Director at least 30 days in
advance of the proposed transfer date;
2. The notice includes a written agreement between the existing and
new permittees containing a specific date for transfer of permit
responsibility, coverage, and liability between them; and,
3. The Director does not notify the existing permittee and the
proposed new permittee of his or her intent to modify, or revoke
and reissue the permit. If this notice is not received, the
transfer is effective on the date specified in the agreement
mentioned in paragraph 2. above.
O. State Laws. Nothing in this permit shall be construed to preclude the
institution of any legal action or relieve the permittee from any
responsibilities, liabilities, or penalties established pursuant to
any applicable state law or regulation under authority preserved by
Section 510 of the Act.
P. Reopener Provision. This permit may be reopened and modified
(following proper administrative procedures) . to include the
appropriate effluent limitations (and compliance schedule, if
necessary), or other appropriate requirements if one or more of the
following events occurs:
s'
1. Water Quality Standards; The water quality standards of the
receiving water(s) to which the permittee discharges are modified
in such a manner as to require different effluent limits than
contained in this permit.
2. Wasteload Allocation; A wasteload allocation is developed and
approved by the State and/or EPA for incorporation in this
permit.
3. Water Quality Management Plan; A revision to the current water
quality management plan is approved and adopted which calls for
different effluent limitations than contained in this permit.
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PART IV
Page 18 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
Toxicitv Limitation-Reopener Provision. This permit may be reopened
and modified (following proper administrative procedures) to include
a new compliance date, additional or modified numerical limitations,
a new or different compliance schedule, a change in the whole effluent
protocol, or any other conditions related to the control of toxicants
if one or more of the following events occur:
1. Toxicity was detected late in the life of the permit near or past
the deadline for compliance.
2. The TRE results indicate that compliance with the toxic limits
will require an implementation schedule past the date for
compliance and the permit issuing authority agrees with the
conclusion.
3. The TRE results indicate that the toxicant(s) represent
pollutant(s) that may be controlled with specific numerical
limits, and the
controls are the
the permit issi
effluent protoco
permit issuing authority agrees that numerical
most appropriate course of action.
4. Following the implementation of numerical controls on toxicants,
ing authority agrees that a modified whole
is necessary to compensate for those toxicants
that are controlled numerically.
5. The TRE reveals other unique conditions or characteristics which,
in the opinion of the permit issuing authority, justify the
incorporation of unanticipated special conditions in the permit.
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PART V
Page 19 of 19
Permit No.: IL0654321
V. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Best Management Practices (BMP) Plan
A BMP plan shall be developed within six months of permit reiasuance,
addressing each of the nine specific requirements described in the
June 1981 EPA document, NPDES BMP Guidance Document. Emphasis shall
be placed on good housekeeping practices, visual inspection, and
preventative maintenance.
The BMP plan shall be written up and delivered to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency no later than February 5, 1990.
B. BMP Implementation
The BMP plan shall be fully implemented within twelve months of permit
reissuance. An implementation report shall be delivered to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency no later than August 5, 1990.
C. Site-Specific BMPs
The following site-specific BMPs shall be included:
1. Tank Number 42: Remedial action is required to repair the damaged
tank. This shall include transfer of the contents to another
vessel (e.g., tank truck), cleaning the tank, and repairing,
welding, or plugging the hole. To prevent environmental damage
in the future, secondary containment is required. Monthly visual
inspections and/or preventative maintenance shall be conducted.
2. Drum Storage Area: The drums shall be inventoried to identify
the contents and amounts of chemicals therein. The drums shall
be inspected for deterioration or leaks. They shall be
segregated and any leaking or.-deteriorating drums shall be
disposed of or repaired. Any contaminated soil shall be removed
and adequately disposed of. The remaining drums shall be neatly
stacked in a manner to eliminate hazards to humans or the
environment by isolating the drums from walkways or roadways,
placing them on an impervious pad, covering the storage area,
diking the area, moving the storage area away from the river, or
some combination thereof.
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COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
-------
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Common errors in permits
Data management considerations (PCS)
Enforcement tools and considerations
Citizens and enforcement
COMMON ERRORS AND OMISSIONS
Not:
Issuing permit to correct entity
Ensuring limits are defensible and compatible with PCS
Covering all outfalls
Imposing adequate monitoring or specifying type, frequency
and location
Using special conditions
Requiring routine DMRs and specifying signatory
Including all standard conditions
Incorporating Federal Regulations without further explanation
Using precise language
NOTES:
17-1
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PCS LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Basic understanding of PCS system
Development process
Data elements
Sources of assistance
Permit writer's responsibilities
PCS POLICY
Adopted - October 1985
Designates PCS as the official NPDES data system
Requires EPA Regions to use
x
Requires NPDES States to use or have interface capability
NOTES:
17-2
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PERMIT FACILITY DATA
Parameter
Limits
Data
Compliance
Schedule
Data
Measurement
Violation
Data
L
Enforcement
Action Data
Enforcement
Action Keys
Pretreatment
Summary
Data
Inspection
Data -"
Permit Event
Evidentiary
Hearing
Data
Grants
Data
PCI Audit
Data
Single Event
Violation
Data
- The effluent record types exist on each of the 10 physical Regional files.
-------
PCS ASSISTANCE
Region/State experts
EPA HQ/PCS hotline [(202) 260-8529]
PCS publications
Other methods
PCS PUBLICATIONS
General retrieval manual
Inquiry user's guide
Data element dictionary
Data entry/edit manual
Manager's guide to PCS
NOTES:
17-4
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PERMIT QUALITY REVIEW CHECKLIST
CHECKLIST A-l
Procedural Requirements: ADMINISTRATIVE RECORDS
Question
1. List any of the following items that have been omitted
inappropriately from the file.
a. Permit application and any supporting data furnished by
applicant;
b. Draft permit;
c. Statement of basis or fact sheet;
d. All documents cited in statement of basis or fact sheet;
e. If a new source, any environmental assessment,
environmental impact statement, finding of no significant
impact or environmental information document and any
supplement to an EIS that was prepared;
f. All comments received during public comment;
g. Tape or transcript of any hearings held and any written
materials submitted at hearing;
h. Response to significant comments raised during comment
period and/or hearing;
i. Final permit;
j. Explanation of changes from draft to final permit;
k. Where appropriate,, materials relating to
o Consistency determinations under the CZMA
o Consultation under the Endangered Species Act
o Determination under section 403(c) of the CWA
17-5
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CHECKLIST A-2
Procedural Requirements: PUBLIC NOTICE AND COMMENT
Question
1. Was a public notice issued of the preparation of draft
permit and providing an opportunity for comment at least 30
days prior to final permit decision?
2. Was public hearing held?
(If "no", skip to #4)
3. Was a notice of public hearing issued at least 30 days prior
to hearing?
4. Was a summary response to significant comments raised during
comment period and/or hearing prepared and issued at time of
final permit decision?
CHECKLIST A~3
Procedural Requirements: STATE CERTIFICATION
Question
1. Was a state certification or waiver of state certification
received?
2. List any conditions in the state certification not included
in the permit. Indicate any reasons provided for omissions.
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CHECKLIST A-4
Procedural Requirements: RECORDS OF MODIFICATION
Question
1. Does the permit documentation indicate, that the permit was
modified, revoked or reissued?
(If "no", skip to Checklist A-5)
2. Was the permit modified pursuant to 40 CFR 122.62(a)? If
"yes", specify the basis identified in the permit
documentation: (alteration; new information; new
regulations; compliance schedules; variance request; 307(a)
toxic standard; net limits; reopener; nonlimited pollutants
(level of discharge of any pollutant no limited in permit
exceeds the level which can be achieved by technology-based
treatment); use ore manufacture of toxics (permittee has
begun or expects to begin to use or manufacture a toxic .
pollutant); notification levels (permit has been modified to
establish a "notification level")
3. Did cause exist for modification or revocation and
reissuance pursuant to 40 CFR 122.62(b)?
Specify cause:
a. Cause exists for termination, as provided in 40 CFR
122.64 (noncompliance; misrepresentation of or failure to
disclose facts; endangerment to human health or
environment; change in condition);
b. Transfer of permit;
c. Other (specify)
4. Does the permit documentation indicate that the procedures
of 40 CFR 124.5 for permit modification, revocation and
reissuance or termination were followed?
CHECKLIST A-5
Procedural Requirements: ENFORCEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Question
1. Does the permit documentation indicate that any enforcement
actions have been taken?
Briefly describe (nature of action(s), date(s)):
2. Did the Regional Counsel review or sign off on the permit?
17-7
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CHECKLIST B-l
Permit Conditions: BOILERPLATE
Question
1. Identify whether the following general conditions have been
incorporated into the permit, either directly or by
reference to 40 CFR Part 122.41 (or, if permit was issued
prior to April 1983, by reference to 40 CFR Parts 122.7 and
122.60). Identify any variation from the regulation language
in 122.41.
a. Duty to comply;
b. Duty to reapply;
c. Duty to halt or reduce activity;
d. Duty to mitigate;
e. Program operation and maintenance;
f. Permit actions;
g. Property rights;
h. Duty to provide information;
i. Inspection and entry;
j. Monitoring and records;
k. Signatory requirement;
1. Reporting requirements;
m. Bypass; and
n. Upset.
2. If the general conditions are included by reference, is the
CFR citation, date and copy of the regulations provided? If
"no", specify missing item(s): (Skip to #5)
3. Does the permit require notification to the Director as soon
as the permittee knows or has reason to believe that any
activity has occurred or will occur which would result in
the discharge of any toxic pollutant, if that discharge will
exceed the "notification levels1!, specified in 40 CFR Part
122.42(a)(1)?
4. Does the permit require notification to the Director as soon
as the permittee knows or has reason to believe that it has
begun or expects to begin to use or manufacture as an
intermediate or final product or byproduct any toxic
pollutant which was not reported in the permit application?
5. Is the permit effective for a fixed term which does not
exceed 5 years from date of issuance?
17-8
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CHECKLIST B-2
Permit Conditions: SPECIAL CONDITIONS
Question
1. Are any special conditions requiring best management
practices (BMPs) included in the permit? Identify and
specify reason for inclusion (part of guideline, substitute
for numeric limitations, etc.)*
Does the permit
expects to use
intermediate or
application indicate that permittee does or
>r manufacture any toxic substance as an
final product or byproduct? (See Form 2C,
Item VI-A.) Have any conditions for the substances so
indicated been Included in the permit? If not, does permit
documentation explain the omission?
3. Does the permit application indicate that there are
intermittent discharges at the outfall? (See Form 2C, Item
II-C) Are they addressed in the permit? Identify any
unexplained omissions.
4. Does the permit include any biological toxicity testing
requirements? Briefly describe the requirements and their
basis.
5. Does the permit include any limitations or conditions for
internal waste -streams? Describe the- limitations/conditions
and the circumstances that make them necessary.
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CHECKLIST C-l
Effluent Limitations: TRANSLATING THE PERMIT APPLICATION
TO PERMITLIMITATIONS
Introduction; Question #1 applies to all outfalls. For the
remaing questions, complete one checklist for each individual
outfall selected by the review team for review.
Question
1. Have a set of effluent limitaions or conditions been
included in the permit for every outfall? (See Form 2C, Item
III-B)
2. For which pollutants are limitations or conditions included
in the permit for: (Identify in an attachment)
a. BPT;
b. BAT; and
c. BCT?
3. Are there pollutants for which limitations or conditions are
not included but which might be appropriate to limit?
Identify the pollutants and the reasons for including
limitations.
CHECKLIST C-2
Effluent Limitations: BASIS FOR LIMITATIONS
Introduction; Complete one checklist for each individual outfall
selected by the review team for review.
Question
1. Are the pollutant limitations based on any of the following:
a. BPT;
b. BCT;
c. BAT;
d. NSPS;
e. Water quality standards?
f. Previous permit
g. Other
(Specify)
2. Are limitations for all pollutants in continuous discharges
expressed as both maximum daily values and average monthly
values? (If "yes", skip to #4)
3. List those pollutants for which either limit is omitted,
where the omission is inappropriate.
4. List any pollutants limited by mass or concentration that
should have been limited in the other fora and indicate the
reason it should have been listed in the other form.
17-10
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CHECKLIST C-3
Effluent Limitations: APPLICABLE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
Introduction; complete one checklist for each individual outfall
selected by the review team for review, if effluent guidelines
are applicable.
Question
1. Were promulgated effluent guidelines applicable to the
source category at the time permit was under consideration?
(See Form 1, Items III and XII) (If "no", skip to Checklist
C-4) If not, does the permit contain a reopener clause?
2. WEre effluent guideline limitations used as a basis for
permit effluent limitations at the outfall.
3. Did the permittee receive a variance based on the presence
of "fundamentally different factors" from those on which-the
guideline was-based? (If "yes", skip to Checklist C-4)
4. Are applicable effluent guidelines limitations based on
production?
(If «no", skip to #9)
5. Was production basis in the permit a reasonable measure of
average actual production, not design production capacity?
(See Form 2C, Items III-B and C.)
Specify production basis:
a. Maximum production during high month of previous
year;
b. Monthly average for the highest of previous;
c. Other: .
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CHECKLIST C-3 (continued)
Effluent Limitations: APPLICABLE EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
Question
6. Does the permit documentation indicate the means used to
determine actual production?
Specify:
a. In permit application;
b. Other: , ;
7. Does the permit documentation indicate that the permit
writer conducted any follow-up activites to confirm
production estimates?
8. Have alternate permit limitations been included to address
different production levels?
Specify the number of tiers of limits:
9. Are all pollutant limitations in the applicable guidelines
included in the permit? List any that are not.
10. Was the adjustment formula for disposal to wells, POTW's, or
land application applicable (40 CFR 122.50)? (If 'no", go to
C-4) Was it used?
17-12
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CHECKLIST C-4
Effluent Limitations: BEST PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT
Introduction; This checklist is intended to point review team
inquiry toward those questions which can help in determining
whether or not the BPJ analysis was "reasonable". Review team
should provide a qualitative explanation of the limitation
development process on the evaluation form. Complete one
checklist for each individual outfall selected by the review team
for review.
Question
1. Is a BPJ analysis (for BPT, BAT, or BCT) missing where it
seems to be required? Identify the outfall, pollutant(s),
and type of limitation.
2. Indicate which of the following sources were used in
establishing any BPJ limitations:
a. Promulgated Guideline
b. Proposed Guideline
c. Development Document
d. Treatability Manual
e. Other (specify)
3. Identify any significant sources not used which should have
been.
4. Indicate what method was used to establish BPJ/BCT for
conventional pollutants.
5. - Have effluent guidelines been promulgated since the time,of
permit issuance? If "yes", indicate the relative stringency
of guideline limitations in permit:
(Note if unable to determine this.)
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CHECKLIST C-5
Effluent Limitations: WATER QUALITY BASED LIMITATIONS
Introduction: This checklist is intended to point review team
inquiry toward those questions which can help in determining
whether or not the water quality analysis was "reasonable."
Review team should provide a qualitative explanation of the
limitation development process on the evaluation form. Complete
one checklist for each individual outfall selected by the review
team for review.
Question
1. Is a water quality analysis missing where it seems to be
required? Identify outfalls(s) and pollutants.
2. Identify type of water quality limitation in permit (:free
from", numerical, or both).
3. Is basis of the water quality based limitation identified in
the permit file?
Specify:
a. State certification
b. Water quality modeling
c. Other: ,
x''
4. Were water quality standards included in the permit in lieu
of effluent limitations?
5. Have all applicable water quality standards toward which
water quality-analysis is directed been clearly identified?
6. Are current water quality conditions clearly identified?
If possible, specify basis:
a. Actual water quality
b. Estimated water quality
7. Does the permit document that water quality-based
limitations are at least as stringent as BPT, BCT, or BAT
standard?
8. Were water quality modeling and a mixing zone used in
establishing the limitation?
(If "no", skip to #20)
b. Inputs to Quantitative Analysis;
9. Has the outfall discharge rate used in analysis been clearly
identified? (See Form 2C, item II)
a. Average discharge rate
b. Maximum discharge rate
c. other:
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CHECKLIST C-5 (Continued)
Effluent Limitations: WATER QUALITY BASED LIMITATIONS
10. Has the stream flow rate used in the analysis been clearly
identified? If possible, specify whether:
a. Low flow rate (years of record)
b. Average flow rate
c. Other:
11. Was the analysijs directed toward water quality within a
mixing zone? (it "yes", skip to 113)
12. Has the analysis directed toward water quality beyond the
mixing zone (i.fe., wasteload allocation modeling)
(If "yes",?skip to 117)
c. Quantitative Analysis; Mixing Zone
13. Are the size and configuration of the mixing zone clearly
identified?
14. Has the water quality model used been clearly identified?
Speci f y: /_
15. Were the impacts of other major dischargers taken into
account in the analysis?
16. Does the permit documentation demonstrate that, based on
modeling conclusions/ applicable water quality standards.
were met in the mixing zone?
(If "yes", skip to 120)
d. Quantitative Analysis; Wasteload Allocation
17. Has the water quality model used been clearly identified?
Speci fy: ;
18. Were the impacts of other major dischargers taken into
account in the analysis?
19. Does the permit documentation indicate the level of
discharges and limitations assumed for other major sources?
20. Does the permit documentation demonstrate that, based on
modeling conclusions, applicable water quality standards are
met? If not, does the permit documentation explain why the
limitation was used in spite of modeling results?
Specify:
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CHECKLIST D-l
Monitoring Requirements: DISCHARGE SAMPLING
Introduction; Complete one checklist for each individual outfall
selected by the review team for review.
Question
1. Does the permit require monitoring for every pollutant for
which limitations are included in the permit? List any
inappropriate omissions.
2. Does the permit stipulate, either in the general conditions
or in the permit limitations, that monitoring for all
pollutants with limitations be conducted according to test
procedures approved under 40 CFR Part 136? Identify any
exceptions.
3. Does the permit require monitoring the volume of effluent
discharged from the outfall? If not, is an explanation
provided?
4. Are effluent sampling frequencies specified for every
pollutant ror which monitoring is require? Specify for each
pollutant (e.g., daily, weekly, quarterly, etc.):
CHECKLIST D-2
Monitoring Requirements: DISCHARGE REPORTING
Question
1. Are there any pollutants for which discharge monitoring
reports are not required at least once a year? List then.
2. Is reporting on discharge monitoring report (DMR) forms
required?
3. Specify discharge reporting frequency or frequencies
required in permit for the outfall under review (e.g.,
monthly, quarterly, etc.):
17-16
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CHECKLIST E-l
Compliance Schedules: INCLUSION IN PERMIT
Introduction: Complete one checklist for each individual outfall
selected by the review team for review.
Question
1. Does the permit include a compliance schedule(s) for each
outfall which is not in compliance with the limitations
specified in the permit?
2. Does the permit documentation provide an explanation of why
compliance schedules were not included where necessary?
Identify if an explanation was not provided.
CHECKLIST E-2
Compliance Schedules: INTERIM AND FINAL REQUIREMENTS
Question
1, Are distinct interim requirements -(milestones) with specific.
dates included in compliance schedule(s)?
2. Does the compliance schedule provide for compliance by
ceasing the regulated activity? If so, is a date certain
identified?
3. Does the compliance schedule include:
a. A date certain for the permittee to decide whether or
not to cease the regulated activity;
b. A compliance schedule in the event that the decision is
to continue the regulated activity, and
c. A schedule for cessation of the regulated activity in
the event that the decision is to cease the activity?
4. Is the time between each interim date in the compliance
schedule (s) less than one year? If not, does the permit.
specify interim dates for submission of reports?
5. Does the compliance schedule provide for final compliance by
the appropriate time? (7-1-84 in most cases)
6. Has the source received a section 301(k) (innovative
technology) waiver to extend the compliance date up to
7-1-87?
7. was an ECSL or Section 309 (a) (5) (A) order with a compliance
schedule ever issued? If so:
a. Did the facility meet the criteria for issuance of the
ECSL/order?
b. Was the facility in compliance with the ECSL/order?
c. Was a subsequent enforcement action brought?
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TOOLS TO DETER VIOLATORS
Informal contacts
Notice of violation
Administrative orders
Civil suit
Criminal suit
Termination
CITIZENS AND ENFORCEMENT
Section 505 allows citizen suits (civil action) after 60-day notice
to EPA/States and permittee
Penalties to U.S. or State Treasury
Citizens can recover court costs
Supreme Court: Gwaltnev decision
NOTES:
17-18
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EPAfs PRINCIPLE ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS
(see §122.41 (a))
Administrative Order
Schedule for compliance
Interim limits
APO Class I/n ($25,000/$125,000)
Civil Action
Brought in U. S. District Court
Injunction
Judicially enforceable schedule
Civil penalties (up to $25,00 per day per violation)
Criminal Action
Negligent violations* ($2,500 - $25,000 and 1 yr. imprisonment)
Knowing violations* ($5,000 - $50,000 and 3 yrs. imprisonment)
Imminent endangerment* ($250,000 and 15 yrs. imprisonment)
*Doubles for second or subsequent violations
NOTES:
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