EPA-600/2-77-243
November 1977
Environmental Protection Technology Series
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1977 - July 1977
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECH-
NOLOGY series. This series describes research performed to develop and dem-
onstrate instrumentation, equipment, and methodology to repair or prevent en-
vironmental degradation from point and non-point sources of pollution. This work
provides the new or improved technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality standards.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/2-77-243
November 1977
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1977 - July 1977
by
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul Nordin
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
Grant No. R805052
Project Officer
L. T. McCarthy, Jr.
Oil & Hazardous Materials Spills Branch
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory-Cincinnati
Edison, New Jersey 08817
INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory-Cincinnati, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
Wheri energy and material resources are extracted, processed, converted,
and used, the related pollutional impacts on our environment and even
on our health often require that new and increasingly more efficient
pollution control methods be used. The Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory - Cincinnati (lERL-Ci) assists in developing and demonstrating
new and improved methodologies that will meet these needs both efficiently
and economically.
This report is a product of the above efforts. It cites current events,
literature, research, patents, and other material relevant to the oil
pollution abatement program and is published in an abstract format on a
quarterly basis. As such, it serves as a basic reference document for
all those interested in oil spill and oil pollution control. This project
is part of the continuing program of the Oil and Hazardous Materials
Spills Branch, lERL-Ci to assess and mitigate the environmental impact
of oil pollution.
David G. Stephan
Director
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati
m
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ABSTRACT
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin
designed to review current scientific and technical publications
and research projects in the field of oil pollution. Subject
coverage includes aquatic and terrestrial oil pollution with
emphasis on the marine environment. This issue contains summaries
of research projects and published information selected from the
scientific and technical literature during the period May, 1977
through July, 1977.
/
The following sections are included in the report:
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
II. Current Research Projects
III. Current Oil-Related Conferences
This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No.
R805052-01 by the Marine Science Institute, University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, under the sponsorship of the Environmental
Protection Agency.
IV
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CONTENTS
Page
Abstract iv
Acknowledgements viii
Introduction ix
Abbreviations - Acronyms x
Sections
I. Reports, Publications, and Patents
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Reporting 1
2. Monitoring 9
3. Remote Sensing 24
4. Sampling 28
5. Analysis ' 31
6. Source Identification 42
B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control
1; Containment 46
2. Cleanup and Recovery 50
3. Restoration 71
4. Oil Transfer and Transport 72
5. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 82
6. Reclamation and Reuse Ill
7. Personnel Training and Education 116
8. Contingency Planning . ..... 116
9. Prevention and Control Measures 117
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C. Effects of Oil Pollution Page
1. Biological Effects 126
2. Physical Effects 158
3. Economic Effects 158
4. General Effects 159
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 169
2. Social Effects 187
3. Economic Effects 188
4. General Effects 188
E. Fate of Oil in the Environment
1. Biodegradation 202
2. Physical Changes 211
3. Chemical Changes 214
4. General Fate of Oil 215
F. Oil Pollution Regulations
1. State Legislation 224
2. U.S. Legislation 225
3. International Legislation 227
4. Foreign Legislation 228
5. Agreements and Conventions 229
G. Bibliographies 233
II. Current Research Projects 237
A. Oil Pollution Detection and Evaluation
1. Monitoring 238
2. Analysis . 239
3. Sampling 241
vi
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B. Oil Pollution Prevention and Control Page
1. Containment 240
2. Cleanup and Recovery 242
3. Restoration 244
4. Waste Treatment and Disposal Methods 244
5. Reclamation and Reuse 248
6. Prevention and Control Measures 250
C. Effects of Oil Pollution
1. Biological Effects 252
2. General Effects 264
D. Effects of Oil Exploration and Production
1. Biological Effects 265
2. General Effects 266
E. Fate of Oil in the Marine Environment
1. Biodegradation 271
2. Physical Changes of Oil 276
3. Chemical Changes of Oil 277
4. General Fate of Oil 277
III. Current Conferences 280
\
Master List of Keywords 297
Subject Index 302
Author Index 365
Appendix 372
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors appreciate the assistance of Ms. Kathy Courtney, Mrs.
Patricia Thurston, and Mrs. Mary Ankeny in typing the camera-ready
copy of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS. We also wish to thank
the personnel of the Science-Engineering Library, University of
California, Santa Barbara, for their assistance during the research
stages of the project.
vm
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INTRODUCTION
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS is a quarterly bulletin which
reviews pertinent scientific and technical publications and research
projects to provide its readers with current developments in the field
of oil pollution. This issue contains summaries of articles, reports,
patents, documents, and other materials relating to oil pollution
published during the period 1974 to 1976 (Section I); summaries and
status of current research projects (Section II); and current oil-
related conferences (Section III).
Subject coverage includes aquatic and terrestrial oil pollution with
emphasis on the marine environment. Items in Section I are categorized
by seven major subdivisions which are divided into thirty-three specific
subject categories. These are presented in the Table of Contents.
Patents and patent applications are announced under appropriate subject
categories. Subject and author indexes for entries in Section I are
provided at the end of the report. A list of the periodicals reviewed
in preparing this series appears in the Appendix.
Section II presents titles of active or recently completed oil pollution
research projects, summaries of project objectives, and current status
information and/or resulting publications rpovided upon request by the
principal investigators or performing organization. Notices of research
projects were obtained from the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
(SSIE); Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts; and Canada,
Department of the Environment, Spill Technology Newsletter. Entries are
arranged according to the same subject categories as in Section I and
are ordered by serial number within each subject division. Some of
the current projects listed in previous Oil Pollution Reports have been
recently renewed. These projects have been relisted and headed by the
same serial number as originally reported, followed by the work (renewal),
Renewal entries are listed at the beginning of each subject category.
Section III, Current Oil-Related Conferences, contains descriptive
information on recently held and upcoming conferences relevant to any
aspects of oil pollution. Conference dates are listed; and, when
information is available, titles, authors, and abstracts of conference
papers are included. All information for this section was obtained
from the periodicals reviewed (Appendix) and from responses to written
inquiries concerning the meetings.
Entries in Section I and II have separate serial numbers. The letters
preceding the serial numbers designate the following; C, reports,
publications, and patents; and R, research projects.
IX
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ABBREVIATIONS
atm atmosphere mg
bbl barrel mi
°C degrees Centigrade min
cm centimeter ml
dwt dead weight ton mm
EIS environmental impact statement DCS
°F degrees Fahrenheit oz
ft foot PAH
g gram pH
gal gallon
GLC gas-liquid chromatography ppb
gpd gallons per day ppm
gph gallons per hour sp.
gpm gallons per minute TLC
ha hectare U.S.
hr hour USSR
i.e. (id est), that is
in inch UV
IR infrared VLCC
kg kilogram wt
km kilometers yr
kn knot
1 liter y
Ib pound %
LNG liquefied natural gas /
LOT load on top
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
m meter
mi 11igram
mile
minute
mi 11i1i ter
millimeter
outer continental shelf
ounce
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
the negative log of the H ion
concentration
part per billion
part per million
species
thin-layer chromatography
United States
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics
ultraviolet
very large crude carrier
weight
year
micron
percent
per
ACRONYMS
API American Petroleum Institute
BLM Bureau of Land Management
CEQ Council on Environmental Quality
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration
FEA Federal Energy Administration
IMCO International Maritime Consultative Organization
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NTIS National Technical Information Service
UN United Nations
USCG United States Coast Guard (DOT)
USGS United States Geological Survey
USDI United States Department of Interior
USDA United States Department of Agriculture
USN United States Navy
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SECTION I. REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS, AND PATENTS
A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. REPORTING
C-1005-77
BIG BLOWOUT IN NORTH SEA 'RARE1 EVENT
Anon. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(2):43-A-44-A.
Oil spills, Offshore drilling, Spill containment, North Sea,
*Well blowout
The April, 1977 North Sea oil well blowout from the Phillips
Petroleum Company Platform Bravo is reported. The well was
gushing over 185,000 1 (49,000 gals) of oil per hour into the
sea, and attempts to contain or clean up the spill were prevented
by 3m seas.
C-1006-77
COSTLY PROBLEM OF WASTE OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):52.
Waste oil, Disposal, Economics, Health hazards, UK
The United Kingdom Department of the Environment's Waste Manage-
ment Advisory Council Report, "An Economic Case Study of Waste
Oil," indicates that 58,500 metric tons (65,000 tons) of high-
quality oil are wasted annually in Britain causing pollution and
health problems. Almost half of the oil wasted results from
motorists in do-it-yourself oil changes. If this oil could be
reprocessed, a<£l.7 million reduction in the country's balance
of payments debt would be realized.
C-1007-77
EKOFISK WELL KILLED; PROBE UNDERWAY (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Oil and Gas Journal 75(19):36.
Oil spills, *Ekofisk blowout, Spill cleanup, North Sea, Norway
Capping operations which successfully ended the
30, 1977, at Ekofisk field's Bravo platform well
The blowout spilled a total of about 140,000 bbl of
North Sea; only a small fraction has been recorded.
cleanup efforts are reviewed, and the ramifications
North Sea oil development are considered.
blowout on April
14 are detailed.
oil into the
Ongoing spill
for further
1
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C-1008-77
FIRST NORTH SEA OIL POLLUTION (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(2):29-30.
Oil spills, North Sea, Beaches, Scotland
The first North Sea oil pollution was recorded on the 24th and 25th
September, 1976, along the beaches of north-east Scotland.
Samples of oil were analyzed, but they were indistinguishable
from weathered oil samples of that area.
C-1009-77
NORTH SEA WELL BLOWOUT CREATES HAVOC (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical & Engineering News 55(18):6-7.
Oil spills, Offshore drilling, Spill containment, North Sea,
*Ekofisk well blowout
A brief report on the recent Ekofisk offshore oil well blowout
is presented,and the steps taken to prevent a platform fire,to
cap the well, and to contain the oil spill are reported.
C-1010-77
OCEANS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Environmental Action 8(20):7.
Tankers, Safety, Pollution prevention, U.S., *Liberian registry
laws
Measures to improve tanker safety in U.S. waters are presented
and Liberian tanker registry laws are discussed. U.S. Congres-
sional action and CIA operations are reported with reference to
OPEC nations and possible oil embargoes.
C-1011-77
PHILLIPS WORKS TO KILL EKOFISK BLOWOUT (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Oil and Gas Journal 75:128-129.
Oil spills, *Ekofisk blowout, Monitoring, Spill cleanup, North
Sea, Norway
The first major oil spill in 8 years of North Sea drilling occurred
with a well blowout at the Phillips platform well 14 on April 22,
1977, with an estimated outpouring of 20,000 to 25,000 bpd.
Attempts to cap the well, and the spill response, slick monitoring,
and cleanup measures are briefly reviewed.
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C-1012-77
POLLUTION KILLS MORE SEABIRDS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(2):29.
Birds, Contamination, Monitoring, UK, *Bird mortality
Many more seabirds died as a result of oil pollution during the
winter of 1975-1976 than in the previous winter along Britain's
coasts. The survey, sponsored by the Royal Society for the
Protection of Birds (RSPB) and the Seabird Group, is part of an
international effort to monitor the effects of oil pollution on
seabirds.
C-1013-77
ROUND THE WORLD NEWS - UNITED STATES (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(2):30.
Environmental effects, Fisheries, Argo Merchant spill, Olympic
Games spill
Possible damage to the environment caused by the "Argo Merchant"
oil spill is discussed, and the preliminary hearing in New York
of the suit filed by the New England fishermen against the
tanker owners is reviewed. The "Olympic Games" spill is also
described.
C-1014-77
THE TANKER FLAG FROM PARK AVENUE (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(6) :2-3.
Oil spills, Tankers, Argo Merchant spill, *Liberian registry
The Liberian shipping registry is reviewed in reference to the
"Argo Merchant1 oi1 spill and major oil spill incidents listed by
the Center for Short-Lived Phenomena are reported. Of the 39
oil tanker spills in 1976, 14 of them were registered under the
Liberian flag.
C-1015-77
OIL POLLUTION IN NORTHEAST ENGLAND
Bourne, W. R. P. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(4):73-74.
Oil slicks, Coasts, Contamination, Birds, Restoration, England
In February, 1977, some 700 oiled Guillemots were found along
the coast of Yorkshire as a result of an offshore oil slick.
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The author comments on two points which regard this incident:
the inaction of the Nature Conservancy Council in conducting
an aerial survey of the slick, and the suitability of techniques
used by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds to rehabili-
tate oiled birds.
C-1016-77
PRESENT STATE OF POLLUTION IN THE GULF OF TRIESTE (in Italian)
Catalfamo, E. 1976.
1975 Yearbook. Trieste, Italy, Parco Marino di Miramare, 1976.
117p.
Sources, Contamination, Hydrocarbons, Wastewaters, Italy, *Gulf
of Trieste
The main sources of chemical (industrial wastes and hydrocarbon)
and physical pollution of the Gulf of Trieste are briefly
described. The author emphasizes the need for research work in
this area, to be carried out at the Control Station of the Marine
Park of Miramare.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3046. 1977]
C-1017-77
OIL SPILLS, 1971-75, GULF OF MEXICO OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Danenberger, E. P. 1976.
U.S. Geological Survey Circular 741. 47p:
Oil spills, DCS, Offshore drilling, Gulf of Mexico
Presented are statistics and a discussion of oil spills resulting
from offshore operations on Federal oil and gas leases in the
Gulf of Mexico. The total Gulf of Mexico oil spillage recorded
during this period amounted to 51,427 bbl. Comparison of the
volume spilled with the volume produced for Gulf of Mexico OCS
operations results in a spillage rate of 0.0028%.
C-1018-77
ROUND-THE-WORLD NEWS. ISRAEL (news brief)
Dixon, T. R. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(5):101.
Spill cleanup, Oil transfer, Oil spills, Ports, Shorelines,
Contamination, Israel, *Eilat Oil Terminal
During oil transfer operations at the Eilat Oil Terminal, a hose
rupture resulted in the spillage of 50 tons of crude oil into the
Gulf of Aquaba, causing contamination of 8 km of shoreline.
Problems of spill containment and cleanup are briefly related.
The Eilat Sea Pollution Control Station responsible for cleanup
operations had inadequate manpower and equipment to combat the
spill.
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C-1019-77
SPILL IN PORTUGAL, A REPORT OF THE JAKOB MAERSK INCIDENT
Duerden, F. C. 1976.
Environmental impact and assessment report, EPS-8-EC-76-1. 32p.
Spill cleanup, Tankers, Portugal, *Jakob Maersk spill
The 88,000 dwt tanker, "Jakob Maersk", grounded off the port of
Leixoes, Portugal in 1975- Cleanup operations involved both the
Portuguese Army and Navy. The effects of the massive amount of
oil spilled were relatively slight due to a well coordinated
cleanup effort.
[from Selected Water Resources AbstractslO(6):#W77-02752. 1977]
C-1020-77
OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM.
USER'S MANUAL. (OHM-SIRS)
Environmental Protection Agency. Oil and Special Materials
Control Division. 1975.
PB-243662/4ST. Up.
Oil spills, Information systems, Manuals
"This manual is designed to provide guidance to those who prepare
reports on spill episodes to the Division of Oil and Special
Materials Control, and who expect to access the system for
developing Regional analytical studies."
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(5):#9099. 1977]
C-1021-77
POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF THE SETO INLAND SEA
Goto, M. 1975.
Pure and Applied Chemistry 42(1-2):155-166.
Environmental deterioration, Oil spills, Statistics, Japan,
*Seto Inland Sea
The present state of pollution of the Seto Inland Sea of Japan
is reviewed as an example of pollution of a confined aquatic
environment. Of the 2283 cases of pollution reported in 1972,
about 87% were due to oil; oil pollution was heaviest in waters
fronting large cities, industrial zones, and areas of greatest
vessel traffic.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(1):#51. 1977]
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C-1022-77
U.S. HIT BY TANKER ACCIDENTS (news brief)
Gwynne, P. 1977.
New Scientist 73(1033):3.
Argo Merchant spill, Tankers, Environmental effects, Fisheries,
Spill cleanup, Liability
The Liberian oil tanker accidents of December, 1976, are reviewed
and the "Argo Merchant" spill is discussed. New England fisheries
are expected to have an overall catch reduction in 1981 due to
fish tainting from toxins in the oil. The lack of adequate
cleanup methods and tanker owner liability are discussed.
C-1023-77
THE MIZUSHIMA OIL SPILL - A TRAGEDY FOR JAPAN AND A LESSON FOR
CANADA
Nicol, C. W. 1976.
Environment Canada - Environmental Assessment Report EPS-8-EC-
76-2. 30p.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Spill cleanup, Movement, Environmental
effects, Japan, *Inland Sea
The rupture of an oil tank and loss of Bunker C fuel oil in the
Mizushima refinery on the Inland Sea of Japan are described.
More than 200,00 persons have been employed in the cleanup,
assisted by over 38,000 vessels. The movement of oil, environ-
mental effects,and cleanup operations are discussed.
[from Environmental Abstracts 7(2):#77-01065. 1977]
C-1024-77
SPILL CHOKES OFF CAPE SHELLFISHING (news brief)
Palmer, H. V. R., Jr. 1977.
National Fisherman 58(2):4-A.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Contamination, Fisheries, Massachusetts,
*Buzzards Bay, *Shellfish resources
About 310,000 1 (80,000 gals) of fuel oil were spilled in
Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, in December, 1976. Cleanup
operations removed less than one tenth of the spilled oil and
much of it remained trapped in and under ice until spring.
Since February, 1977, many shellfish areas of Buzzards Bay have
been ordered closed due to oil contamination.
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C-1025-77
BEWARE OF GREEKS BEARING OIL
Reiger, G. 1977.
Audubon 79(2):141-146.
Argo Merchant spill, Environmental effects, Tankers, *Liberian
flag of convenience
A history of the life of the "Argo Merchant" oil tanker is
given and the Liberian registered oil tanker disasters of 1976
are reviewed. The environmental concerns due to these oil
spills are discussed in reference to the Liberian "flag of
convenience".
C-1026-77 !
JOINT ANGLO-SOVIET ACTION AGAINST OCEAN POLLUTION (news brief)
Rich V. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(2):29.
Environmental protection, Baltic Sea, UK, USSR, *Joint UK/USSR
commi ttee
The United Kingdom and the' USSR have formed a committee on
environmental protection to study the problem of oil pollution,
particularly in the Baltic Sea. Floating and shore collectors
for dealing with oil polluted water are to be installed on
Soviet vessels and offshore installations in the Baltic and on
rivers discharging into the sea.
C-1027-77
FISHERMEN STAND TO GAIN IN LONG RUN (news brief)
Townes, B. 1977.
National Fisherman 57(11):3A, 28A, 30A-31A.
Argo Merchant spill, Tankers, Legislation, Fisheries, USCG,
New England
Foreign tanker accidents and tanker traffic are discussed in the
wake of the "Argo Merchant" spill. The author feels that new
legislation and increased law enforcement by the U.S. Coast
Guard is necessary to decrease tanker accidents and protect
New England fisheries.
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C-1028-77
INDUSTRIAL POINT SOURCES OF PETROLEUM: POLLUTION LOADS AND
ECONOMIC PARAMETERS
Tuffey, T. J., and P. Ginsberg. 1976.
Staff report, NSF-RA-760381; Grant NSF-AEN74-14810.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Industries, Sources, Contamination,
Economic effects, Information systems
The report comprises a data base which focuses on pollution
and economic parameters of refinery and other industrial
effluents. Included are sections that provide refinery
petroleum load as determined by permit search and verification,
other refinery parameters calculated by EPA guidelines, non-
refinery petroleum load as determined,by permit search, and an
economic parameter of refinery residuals.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(8):#PB-262 394/3GA. 1977]
C-1029-77
A REVIEW OF WORLD OIL SPILLAGES 1960-1975
Van Gelder-Ottway, S. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley &Sons, 1976. p. 483-520. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil spills, Biological effects
Major spillages during 1960-1975, together with basic details of
these incidents and any subsequent biological effects, are
presented in a tabulated form.
C-1030-77
OIL SPILLS FROM TANKERS
Wardley-Smith, J. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p. 473-481. International Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil spills, Sources, Tankers, Ships
The various ways by which spilled oil enters the marine
environment are reviewed and indicate that vessel accidents
of all kinds account for only 10% of the total amount of oil
in the marine environment. Causes and sources other than the
localized vessel accidents must be identified in dealing with
oil pollution of large waterbodies.
8
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2. MONITORING
C-1031-77
CURRENT MEASUREMENTS IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
Aagaard, K., and D. Haugen. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigator's Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 11. p.11-12.
Monitoring,*0cean currents, OCS, Offshore development, Fate,
Contaminants, Beaufort Sea, Baseline studies
Current measurements were made so as to describe and understand
the circulation and dynamics of the outer shelf and slope. The
circulation and exchange between the shelf and the deep Arctic
Ocean are physical meachanisms which transport and disperse
pollutants and substances of biological and geological importance.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7) :#77-03228. 1977]
C-1032-77
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS OF THE SUBLITTORAL MACROFAUNA OF
MILFORD HAVEN
Addy, J. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley &Sons, 1976. p. 91-130. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Monitoring, Marine organisms, Benthos, Distribution, Sediments,
UK, *Sublittoral macrofauna, *Milford Haven
Twenty-four sample stations on a variety of substrates were
sampled in May, 1974, in Milford Haven in order to identify
communities within the Haven and the spatial and numerical
distribution of these communities in relation to the sediment.
Little' evidence has been found for the existence of classical
benthic "communities" in Milford Haven. Data show a high
degree of overlap in the distribution of different species.
Proposals for a monitoring scheme for the study area are discussed.
C-1033-77
'BUTTON' SENSOR A NEW TOOL IN COMBATING MARINE POLLUTION (news
brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(2):34-35.
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Pollution prevention, Ballast, Tankers,
*0il-water interface
A button-size sensor made of lead zirconate and lead titanate
can determine within 0.1 mm the thickness of an oil layer on
-------
the surface of water and the exact point of the oil-water inter-
face. One application of this device would be in the oil cargo
tanks of tankers to monitor ballast discharging.
C-1034-77
EXPERT CONSULTATION ON THE JOINT CO-ORDINATED PROJECT ON POLLUTION
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Anon. 1975.
Paris, Unesco, 1975. (U.S. distributor: UNIPUB, New York.) 69p.
Monitoring, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Coasts, Mediterranean
Sea, Baseline studies, *Pollutant transport
This project, jointly undertaken by the Intergovernmental
Oceanographic Commission and World Meteorological Organization,
developed the operational documents for two pilot projects:
baseline studies and monitoring of oil and petroleum hydrocarbons,
and coastal transport of pollutants. Project objectives and
plans for operation are discussed.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00672. 1977]
C-1035-77
PU6ET SOUND SPILL STUDIES
Anon. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer International 49(5):16.
Monitoring, Sediments, Mollusks, Puget Sound, Environmental
effects, Oil spills, NOAA, Baseline studies
A study of petroleum found in sediments and mussels in the
Strait of Juan de Fuca and northern Puget Sound is aimed at
determining existing conditions in order to assess any changes
that may be caused by possible future oil spills in the sound.
This area is expected to be a major receiving port for shipments
of Alaskan oil. The study is being conducted by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
C-1036-77
SHIPBOARD OIL-IN-WATER MONITORING (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Analytical Chemistry 49(3):314A.
Monitoring, Oil discharges, Bilges, Ballast, Ships
The U.S. Coast Guard and Navy are funding efforts at Baird-
Atomic, Inc., to develop a prototype oil-in-water monitor
suitable for monitoring shipboard bilge and ballast water.
The proposed device will test this water before being discharged
overboard, sound an alarm, and instigate corrective actions if
the oil level in the water exceeds present maximums.
10
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C-1037-77
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING - PRINCIPLES, METHODS AND DIFFICULTIES
Baker, 0. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p. 41-53. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Monitoring, Contaminants, Estuaries, Coasts, *Methods, indicator
organisms
Presented are different approaches and methods of monitoring
estuarine and coastal areas which include a discussion of
different types of indicator organism, and a description of
the shore transect technique used in several monitoring programs.
An outline program for a typical estuary is given.
C-1038-77
EFFECTS OF SEASONABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF STREAMFLOW ON
NEARSHORE COASTAL AREAS
Carlson, R. F. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p.23-73.
Monitoring, *Streamflow, Estuaries, Coasts, Offshore development,
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Alaska, Baseline studies
Streamline variability, the effects of seasonal ice, as well as
sediment characteristics and ice jam flooding have considerable
impact on nearshore and estuarine areas. Estuarine and shorefast
areas of the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas are presently
being developed and leased as part of the OCS program. Statistical
characterization and the methods used to measure the title
parameters in 41 streams are described.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03229. 1977]
C-1039-77
WATER POLLUTION MONITOR
Cirulis, U., and E. M. Zacharias, Jr. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,973,430
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Petroleum products, Ballast, Waste-
waters, Patent, *Sound velocity characteristics
A method of determining the concentration of oil, petroleum
products, and hydrocarbons in water using sound velocity
11
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characteristics is described. This method can be used to
measure the concentration of oil contained in the ballast
of tankers and in the effluent from refineries.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01722.
1977]
3,973,430
WATER POLLUTION MONITOR
I'Id is Cirulis, Midland Park, and Ellis M. Zacharias, jr.,
Ridgewood, both of NJ,, assignors to Process and Pollution
Controls Company, Tulsa, Okla.
Conlinualion-in-part of Ser. No. 383,405, July 27,1973, Pal.
No. 3,892,127. This application Mar. 11, 1975, Ser. No.
557,393
Int. CI.'GOIN 29/02
U.S. Cl. 73—61.1 R 60 Claims
O1040-77
DISTRIBUTION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONS, Ci-C4, IN THE NORTHEAST
GULF OF ALASKA AND THE SOUTHEASTERN BERING SHELF
Cline, J., and R. Feely. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 9. p.443-550.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, OCS, Offshore development,
Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, *Naturally-occurring hydrocarbons,
Baseline studies
Data are being collected on spatial and temporal variations of
the dissolved hydrocarbon fraction in order to establish
baseline levels of naturally-occurring hydrocarbons in lease
areas prior to oil exploration and production. These components
have proven to be valuable indicators of petroleum input arising
from drilling, production, and transport of crude oil and refined
products.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#77-03221. 1977]
12
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C-1041-77
OIL SPILL CLEANUP OPERATIONS MONITORED BY REMOTE DEVICE
Cook, P. P. 1977.
Pollution Engineering 9(5):44-45.
Monitoring, Contamination, Groundwater, Spill cleanup, Design
and engineering
Described is an oil layer thickness detector based upon
capacitance measurements which can be inserted into drill test
wells around a spill area to monitor the amount of oil seepage
in an aquifer. The data collected indicates the effectiveness
or progress of spill cleanup operations.
C-1042-77
INSTALLATIONS FOR MONITORING OIL CONTENT
DeVial, R. M. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,965,920
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Ballast, Tankers, Design and engineering,
Patent
Installations for monitoring the oil content in a stream of
water and in a discharge of water ballast from an oil tanker
are described. A photo-electric alarm system based on incoming
fluorescent radiation is presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(3):#W77-01195. 1977]
3,965,920
INSTALLATIONS FOR MONITORING OIL CONTENT
Raymond Michael deVial, Beckenham, England, assignor to
Bailey Meters & Controls Ltd., Croydon, England
Filed Oct. 3, 1974, Ser. No. 511,748
Claims priority, application United Kingdom, Oct. 3, 1973,
46274/73
Int. Cl.» G05D 7/06. F16K 37/00
VS. C\. 137—115 4 Claims
13
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C- "1043-77
OFFSHORE~BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Monitoring, Marine organisms, Offshore development, Baseline
studies, North Sea, Celtic Sea
the quantification of data.
C-i Q44-77
UNDERWATER PIPELINES
Ells, J. W., and A. Roberts. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,992,924
Monitoring, Leakage, Pipelines, Detection, Patent, *Mobile
receiver
Leaks from underwater oil pipelines are det^te^^^°"
by a mobile receiver which moves along a path parallel to the
pipeline and detects the ultrason c fluencies in the 20 to 70
kHz range that are generated by liquid escaping from a leak.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(11) :#231, 472. 1977]
3,992,924
UNDERWATER PIPELINES
John William Ells, Bexleyheath, and Arthur Roberts, Ashford,
both of England, assignors to The British Petroleum Com-
pany Limited, London, England
Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 539,921, Jan. 19,1975, which
is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 420,003, Nov. 29, 1973,
abandoned. This application Dec. 1, 1975, Ser. No. 636,654
Int. Cl.z G01M 3124
V.S. Cl. 73-40.5 A 4 Claims
14
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C-1045-77
THE EVALUATION OF AN OILSPILL TRACKING BUOY
Fingas, M. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(l):31-36.
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Design and engineering, *Spill tracking
buoy
Results of preliminary laboratory evaluations and field testing
of the Orion Spill Tracking Buoy are discussed. In a simulated
spill situation the buoy appeared to behave dynamically like an
oil slick and stayed within the slick for a period of several
hours. Further testing and development are planned.
C-1046-77
TOWARD A GLOBAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR TRANSURANICS AND OTHER
MARINE POLLUTANTS
Goldberg, E. D. 1976.
Environmental Toxicity of Aquatic Radionuclides: Models and
Mechanisms. M. W. Miller and J. N. Stannard (eds.). Ann Arbor,
Michigan, Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 1976. p. 3-10.
Monitoring, Contaminants, Mollusks, Crustaceans, Cost analysis,
*Mussels, *Barnacles, *Global monitoring program
Four pollutants that threaten the marine environment have been
identified: petroleum, radioactive nuclides, heavy metals, and
halogenated organic compounds. A global monitoring program based
on two sentinel organisms, mussels and barnacles, is proposed and
detailed; costs of collection and analyses for 100 samples should
be under $300,000.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(7):#18266. 1977]
C-1047-77
GULF OF ALASKA STUDY OF MESOSCALE OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES (GAS-
MOP)
Hayes, S. P., and J. D. Schumacher. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 75-106.
Monitoring, Oceans, Circulation patterns, OCS, Gulf of Alaska,
Offshore development, Environmental effects
The objective of this research is to describe the mesoscale
oceanic circulation on the continental shelf, Gulf of Alaska,
in order to characterize the intermediate scale advective and
diffusive processes. These processes are important to the
assessment of potential pollution problems due to OCS petroleum
development. Data collected to date are discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03230. 1977]
15
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C-1048-77
CLOSING SUMMARY AND FINAL DISCUSSION ON MONITORING
Holdgate, M. M. 1975.
Institute of Petroleum/Field Studies Council Meeting on Marine
Ecology and Oil Pollution, Scotland, 1975. p. 525-550.
Monitoring, Oil discharges, Environmental protection, Oil
industry. Government agencies
Oil monitoring techniques and the effects of oil discharges on
the environment are reviewed. The interaction of oil industry,
government, and private environmental protection organizations
in monitoring and eliminating oil pollution and its effects is
examined.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(12):I76-08014. 1976]
C-1049-77
A NOVEL SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETER EMPLOYING POLYCHROMATORS
AND SPATIAL FILTERING
Hornig, A. W., and B. R. Chisholm. 1976.
Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation
Engineers 82:97-102.
Monitoring, Analytical techniques, Spectrometry, Detection,
Bilges, Ballast, Waste oil, *Summary luminescence spectrometry
Luminescence methods are considered very advantageous for
continuous oil-in-water monitoring because of their high
sensitivity and relative immunity to particulate backgrounds.
Summing luminescence spectrophotometry is a solution to the
problem of detecting total oil content of shipboard bilge and
ballast water because the method retains these advantages3
has a short response time,and eliminates the mechanical scanning
of emission wavelengths of different waste oil types.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#148674u. 1977]
C-1050-77
APPARATUS TO DETERMINE OIL IN WATER DRAINING FROM AN OFFSHORE
DRILLING RIG
Hubby, L. M. 1975.
German Patent 2,340,807
Monitoring, Offshore drilling, Design and engineering, Patent,
*0il-in-water
Water is led through the deck into a vertical, longitudinal
container that forms part of a U-tube. The outlet leg, containing
a liquid at a constant height, consists of an open vertical pipe
reaching to the bottom of the container and discharging through
the wall above sea level. The inlet leg is the liquid in the
container. When a liquid of different density such as oil enters,
its level is higher than that in the outlet leg; a float operates
a pneumatic valve that sets off an alarm or shuts off the delivery
of liquid to the container.
16
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C-1051-77
RECORDING BIOELECTRIC ACTION POTENTIALS OF MARINE DECAPOD
CRUSTACEA BY REMOTE ELECTRODES: A BIOASSAY PROCEDURE FOR
MONITORING HYDROCARBON POLLUTION
Idoniboye-Obu, B. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 12(3):159-166.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Seawater, Crustaceans, *Motor
behavior
The motor behavior of mechanically unimpeded crustaceans was
used to determine lethal concentrations of hydrocarbons soluble
in water and to monitor water pollution by oil. Bioelectric
action potentials were picked up by appropriate non-polarizing
electrodes in seawater and the level of animal activity was
found to be proportional to hydrocarbon concentrations.
C-1052-77
THE ADENYLATE ENERGY CHANGE AS AN ESTIMATE OF STRESS IN AN
ESTUARINE MOLLUSC
Ivanovici, A. 1976.
Australian Marine Science Bulletin No. 55:5-6.
Monitoring, Metabolism, Mollusks, Estuaries, Contamination,
Hydrocarbons, *Adenylate energy charge, *Environmental stress
The adenylate energy charge, which gives a measure of metabolic
energy stored in the adenylate pool of an organism, may provide
a reliable technique for measuring and monitoring the effects
of environmental changes on estuarine organisms. Results are
given of experiments in which the estuarine snail, Pyrazus
ebenius, was exposed to various environmental conditions,
including transfer to sites with different levels of hydrocarbon
pollution in the Parramatta River, and the energy charge was
measured.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3127. 1977]
C-1053-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR DETECTING TRACES OF OIL IN LIQUIDS OF
DIFFERENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY, ESPECIALLY WATER
Lambrich, K. H., H. W. Meyer, and G. Tiemann. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,520,014
Monitoring, Contaminants, Detection, *0il-in-water, Patent
Oil in water is detected by introducing a water sample through
an upright pipe at a rate sufficiently slow to allow oil to
17
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float to the surface. Platinum electrodes placed a few
millimeters below the surface detect oil which interrupts
conductivity. After measurements, the pipe is rinsed and a
new sample is introduced.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14) :#95626w. 1977]
C-1054-77
MONITORING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Lee, R. F. 1976.
Manual of Methods in Aquatic Environmental Research. Part 2 -
Guidelines for the Use of Biological Accumulators in Marine
Pollution Monitoring. J. E. Portmann (ed.). Rome, Food and
Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1976. p. 38-47.
(FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 150 )
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Analytical techniques,
Uptake, Metabolism
Analytical studies of the uptake, bioaccumulation, and metabolism of
petroleum hydrocarbons inmarine animals are reviewed. The relation of
these studies to the selection of marine organisms for monitoring
hydrocarbons is examined. Based on present evidence, bivalves,
specifically clams, oysters and mussels, appear to be a group
of animals which are suitable for monitoring purposes.
C-1055-77
RARE EARTH ELEMENTS/NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS METHOD FOR
TRACING OILY WASTEWATER; A FEASIBILITY STUDY
McCown, D. L., W. Harrison, and W. Orvosh. 1976.
EOS 57(10):755. Abstract.
Monitoring, Waste oil, Refineries, Sampling, Wastewaters
Oily wastewater tagged with dysprosium was traced from the
Indiana Harbor canal. The transport and dispersion of this
simulated refinery waste is described and deficiencies in the
experimental design are discussed. More frequent sampling and
the use of an existing water sampling system are suggested for
improving the study.
18
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C-1056-77
TRANSFER TO FISH OF PETROLEUM PARAFFINS AND ORGANIC SULFUR
COMPOUNDS
Ogata, M., Y. Miyake, S. Kira, K. Matsunaga, and M. Imanaka.
1977.
Water Research 11 (4)-.333-338.
Monitoring, Crude oil, Fish, Chemical analysis, Chromatography,
*Eels, *Bio-i ndi cators
Eels were maintained in a controlled laboratory environment in
water with crude oil. Gas chromatography of eel flesh revealed
the presence of paraffins and sulfur compounds in which concen-
tration increased with rearing time. Organic sulfur compounds
may be used as an indicator of oil pollution in fish.
C-1057-77
HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE NORTH, NORWEGIAN,
AND BALTIC SEAS [English summary]
Petrov, Yu. M., 0. B. Starinkova, and Z. N. Kurpyakova. 1976.
Okeanologiya (Moscow) 16(5):820-824.
Monitoring, Petroleum products, North Sea, Norwegian Sea,
Baltic Sea
The presence of petroleum products and heavy metals was investi-
gated in 1972 and 1973 in the title areas. The Baltic Sea is
polluted mostly by petroleum products both on the surface and in
the water column. An increase in petroleum pollution was noted
between 1972 and 1973.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126921v. 1977]
C-1Q58-77
MANUAL OF METHODS IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH. PART 2.
GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATORS IN MARINE
POLLUTION MONITORING
Portmann, J. E. 1976.
Fisheries technical paper, FAO-FIRI/T150, NSF/IDOE-77-6. 12p.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Mollusks, Uptake, Release, Metabolism,
Manuals
In an area affected by oil pollution, the tissues of certain
marine organisms may reflect the total concentration of petroleum
and the relative amounts of different hydrocarbons in the water.
Based on present evidence, bivalves, specifically clams, oysters
and mussels, appear to be a group of animals which are suitable
for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbons. Part 2 of the report
deals with biological transfer and transformation processes such
as uptake and bioaccumulation, biogenic hydrocarbons, and
hydrocarbon metabolism.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#PB-263-249/5GA. 1977]
19
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C-1059-77
NEAR SHORE ATMOSPHERIC MODIFICATION
Reynolds, R. M., and B. Walter. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Enging March 1976.
Vol. 12. p. 87-213.
Monitoring, *Wind conditions, Offshore development, Fate,
Contaminants, Coasts, Alaska, Baseline studies
A thorough knowledge of coastal wind conditions is an important
consideration in offshore industrial development through its
effects on mean flow and the trajectory of surface contaminants.
The study is designed to define which processes are acting to
modify coastal winds, how prevalent they are, and how far off
shore they act.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03242. 1977]
C-1060-77
MESOSCALE CURRENTS AND WATER MASSES IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Royer, T. C. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 293-358.
Monitoring, *0cean currents, Fate, Contaminants, Offshore
development, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
The study was aimed at defining the physical-chemical environment,
transport of pollutants, and the long-term monitoring of the
physical-chemical environment in the Gulf of Alaska.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7) :#W77-03236. 1977]
C-1061-77
MARINE CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GULF OF ALASKA AND THE BERING AND
BEAUFORT SEAS. PART III. CLIMATIC ATLASES
Searby, H. W., and W. A. Brower, Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 770-786.
Monitoring, *Marine climatology, Offshore development, Environ-
mental effects, Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea,
Baseline studies
The study will provide three atlases to represent the total of
the Alaskan waters and each will be based on more than 20 years
of additional marine data. Descriptive climatology and data
analyses of marine and atmospheric parameters are being conducted
20
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to determine if results have the necessary temporal and spatial
resolution to provide an assessment of risks involved in
operating energy-related structures in these waters.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03240. 1977]
C-1062-77
HYDROCARBONS: NATURAL DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS ON THE ALASKAN
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Shaw, D. G. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Enging March
1976. Vol. 10. p. 193-366.
Monitoring, Hydrocarbons, Distribution, Fate, OCS, Alaska,
Baseline studies
The objective of this project is to measure the kinds and
amounts of hydrocarbons in various components of the Alaskan
OCS environment and to study processes by which added hydro-
carbons are transported and degraded in this environment. It
appears that hydrocarbon levels are as low as, or lower than
other areas of the ocean not subject to petroleum pollution.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03224.
1977]
C-1063-77
UPTAKE AND RELEASE OF PETROLEUM BY INTERTIDAL SEDIMENTS AT PORT
VALDEZ, ALASKA
Shaw, D. G., L. M. Cheek, and A. J. Paul. 1977.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5(3) :429-436.
Monitoring, Crude oil, Sediments, Uptake, Release, Intertidal
zone, Alaska, *Port Valdez
The uptake and release of Prudhoe Bay crude oil by intertidal
sediments at Port Valdez, Alaska, were simulated in two
experiments. Oil was spread on sediments daily at two
different rates for five days and hydrocarbon content of the
top centimeter of the sediments was monitored for 60 days from
the first oiling. In both experiments oil was no longer
detectable on the 60th day. Possible reasons for this loss of
petroleum by sediments are discussed.
21
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C-1064-77
PIPELINE LEAK DETECTORS
Swiss, M. 1976.
Processing 22(12):27.
Monitoring, Leakage, Pipelines, Oil transport, *Pipeline leak
detectors
Two methods of detecting leaks in oil pipelines are described.
A leak detector developed by the Royal Dutch Shell laboratories
moves along the inside of the pipeline, propelled by pumping
pressure, and detects and records the ultrasonic noise caused
by escaping fluids. The other instrument, developed by Westing-
house, provide indirect evidence of leakage by detecting changes
in flow rate with extreme accuracy.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(11):#231,294. 1977]
C-1065-77
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW DETECTOR FOR OIL IN WATER
Thyrum, P. T. 1975.
Interim report, NAPTC-PE-51. 17p.
Monitoring, Fuel oil, Bilges, Detection, Ships, Design and
engineering, *0il-in-water detector
A new shipboard detector was developed for the quantitative
analysis of undissolved oil present in water over a 0-30 ppm
concentration range. Measurements were not influenced by common
surfactants and could be performed by non-technical personnel.
Read out could be obtained by visual color-intensity matching
or by a reflectance meter.
[from Government Reports Announcements77(10):#AD-A036 367/1GA.
1977]
C-1066-77
MONITORING OF AQUATIC POLLUTION
Tomczak, G. 1976.
Second FAO/SIDA Training Course on Marine Pollution in Relation
to Protection of Living Resources: Methods for Detection,
Measurement and Monitoring of Pollutants in the Aquatic
Environment. Rome, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 1976.
p. 92-109.
Monitoring, Contaminants, Pollution prevention, UN
Topics discussed are the concept of an integrated marine pollution
monitoring program, existing monitoring activities, pollutants,
and an outline for a UN monitoring program in developing countries.
Categories of pollutants to be monitored include petroleum,
halogenated hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and transuranics.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01640. 1977]
22
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C-1067-77
DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL CONTENT OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
IN REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL WASTES BY COLORIMETRIC METHODS
[English summary]
Urbanski, J.5 and A. Superson. 1976.
Chemia Analityczna (Warsaw) 21(4):955-961.
Monitoring, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Wastewaters, Refineries,
Chemical analysis, *Colorimetry
Total aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage were determined using a
color reaction with HCHO and H2S04; examples of the results are
presented.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(8):#470008z. 1977]
C-1068-77
APPARATUS FOR DETECTING OIL IMPURITIES IN WATER
Webb, M. G. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,606,746
Monitoring, Contaminants, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Detection,
Design and engineering, Patent, *0ptical sensor
An apparatus is described which optically detects crude or fuel
oil in water and then sends a signal from the detection apparatus
to another location by radio or submarine transmitter. Oil
contacts an oleophilic plate in the detector, and the resultant
change in light intensity is detected by a photoelectric cell
which converts the signal into an electric signal that is
broadcast.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#127068j. 1977]
C-1069-77
APPARATUS FOR DETECTING OIL SPREAD ON THE SURFACE OF WATER
Webb, M. G. 1976.
French Patent 2,302,522
Monitoring, Oil slicks, Design and engineering, Patent, *Light
sensor
A floating apparatus for detecting oil slicks is described
which consists of a submerged rotating disk, a light emitting
source, and a sensor which records changes in light intensity
due to the presence of floating oil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,319. 1977]
23
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C-1070-77
DISTRIBUTION OF TAR AND OTHER PARTICIPATE POLLUTANTS ALONG THE
BEAUFORT SEA COAST
Wong, C. S., D. MacDonald, and W. J. Cretney. 1976.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 13. 96p.
Monitoring, Tar, Sources, Distribution, Coasts, Beaufort Sea
This report summarizes the data gathering methods and results
of a baseline survey of the distribution and sources of particu-
late pollutants, especially tar and plastics in seawater, nearshore
sediments and marine organisms of the Beaufort Sea coast. Tar
and grease were rare and occurred as isolated objects., Plastics
in the form of styrofoam fragments, polyethylene sheets, and
containers were common; recommendations for their control are
presented.
3. REMOTE SENSING
C-1071 -77
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical & Engineering News 55(19):15.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Detection, USGS, *Landsat imagery
Oils slicks off the U.S. and other coasts have been detected on
Landsat imagery according to U.S. Geological Survey research.
The slicks are detectable because they remove the "glitter"
from the water surface, thus showing up darker than surrounding
water areas. This imagery capability may be useful in monitoring
spills and guiding cleanup operations.
C-1072-77
OPERATIONS OF AN ALASKAN FACILITY FOR APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE-
SENSING DATA TO OCS STUDIES
Belon, A. E. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 14 p. 409-456.
Remote sensing, OCS, Offshore development, Fate, Oil spills,
Environmental effects, Contingency planning, Alaska
The acquisition of remote sensing data, especially satellite
data, has proved to be a cost-effective method of monitoring
24
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the environment on a comprehensive scale. Demonstration projects
have shown that Landsat data can be used effectively for developing
models of suspended transport and therefore for preparing contin-
gency plans based on the movement of oil spills in Alaskan coastal
waters, planning navigation routes and offshore drilling structures
where sea-ice is prevalent, and assessing the potential physical
and biological impact of development on the coastal zone.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03277. 1977]
C-1073-77
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF WAVES ON REMOTE SENSING OF OIL POLLUTION
BY THE ACTIVE METHOD
Bogorodskiy, V. V., M. A. Kropotkin, and T. Yu. Sheveleva. 1976.
Oceanology 15(6):714-716.
Remote sensing, Contaminants, Baltic Sea, *Wind effects, *Wave
effects
The effect of waves on the remote sensing ability of a laser
oil pollution indicator is investigated using a special electrical
model in the Baltic Sea at wind velocities from 3 to 15 m/sec-1.
Relations were obtained between the dynamic time constant, the
constrast in reflectivity of polluted and unpolluted water, and
wind velocity.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(6):I1189.
1977J
C-l074-77
DEVELOPMENT AND FIELD TESTING OF A LIGHT AIRCRAFT OIL SURVEILLANCE
SYSTEM (LAOSS)
Burns, W., and M. J. Herz. 1976.
Final report, NASA-CR-2739; CG-D-1-76. 28p.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Surveillance, Design and engineering
An experimental polarized light filtering system was designed
to provide a remote means of discriminating the presence of oil
on water surfaces. Flight tests of the instrument were conducted
and are presented. The results indicate the potential usefulness
of this airborne remote oil sensing system.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(3):#N76-33472/TGA.
1977]
25
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C-1075-77
PERFORMANCE OF COHERENT-ON-RECEIVE SYNTHETIC APERTURE SIDE
LOOKING AIRBORNE RADAR
Fraser, D. E., and G. V. Morris. 1976.
Final report, GED-2213, USCG-D-109-76. Contract F42600-75-A-
1861. 165p.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Detection, Oceans, Design and
engineering
The Coast Guard's oil slick detection system was modified to
add a synthetic aperture mode. Improvement in resolution
by a factor of 10 and imaging of the ocean surface and moving
vessels were demonstrated. Experimental oil slicks were
detected by the synthetic aperture radar at a range of 25 km
under 18.5 km/hr (10 kn) wind conditions and at 9 km under
7.4 km/hr (4 kn) wind.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(8):#AD-A035 032/2GA.
1977]
C-1076-77
LIDAR ENERGETICS DURING REMOTE DETECTION OF OIL SLICKS ON THE
SEA [in Russian]
Gurevich, I. la., and K. S. Shifrin. 1976.
Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Izvestiia, Fizika Atmosferyi Okeana 12:
863-867.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Seawater, *Lidar energetics
An estimate is made of the energy entering the input of a lidar
receiver system, utilizing a C02 laser, during remote sounding
of the sea. "It is found that the energy entering the input
decreases with an increase in wind speed from 2 to 15 m/s during
nadir ranging, but sharply increases during ranging at an angle
of 20 deg." An example is examined which allows estimation of
the ranging height from which an oil slick on the sea can be
detected with a C02 lidar system.
[from International Aerospace Abstracts 17(4):#A77-14731. 1977]
C-1077-77
SATELLITE AND CURRENT DROGUE STUDIES OF OCEAN-DISPOSED WASTE
DRIFT
Klemas, V., G. R. Davis, and R. D. Henry. 1977.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 49(5):757-763.
Remote sensing, Monitoring, Oil slicks, Movement, *Satellite-
aircraft-drogue studies
A satellite-aircraft-drogue approach has been developed , which
employs remotely tracked expendable drogues and satellite and
aircraft remote sensing techniques as a cost effective means
of monitoring oil slick movement, current circulation, and ocean
waste dispersion.
26
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C-1078-77
A COST-EFFECTIVE SATELLITE-AIRCRAFT-DROGUE APPROACH FOR STUDYING
ESTUARINE CIRCULATION AND SHELF WASTE DISPERSION
Klemas, V., G. R. Davis, H. Wang, W. Whelan, and G. Tornatore.
1975.
Report no. CMS-NASA-5-75. p. 751-760.
Remote sensing, Wastewaters, Estuaries, OCS, Dispersions,
*Current circulation
A cost-effective method of monitoring current circulation and
ocean waste dispersion along the continental shelf is discussed.
An integrated satellite-aircraft-drogue system remotely tracks
expendable drogues together with satellite observations of
waste plumes and natural tracers to provide a means of determining
currents in this area.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9) :#W77-04492. 1977]
C-1079-77
REMOTE DETECTION OF OIL SPILLS ON THE OCEAN SURFACE USING A
LASER [English summary]
Kolenko, E. A., E. N. Zhmin'ko, G. L. Kravtsov, A. A. Besedin,
and L. N. Radaikina. 1975.
Morskie Gidrofizicheskie Issledovaniya No 3:233-238.
Remote sensing, Oil slicks, Detection, Oceans, *Lasers
The possibility of using a Ga As laser for the remote detection
of oil slicks on water is investigated. The signals are well
defined, easily recordable, and the reflectivity of oil is
greater than that of pure seawater. Reflectivity of oil films
of various thicknesses on calm and rough seas are compared.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#782412. 1977]
C-1080-77
USING LINEAR PROGRAMMING TO DESIGN OIL POLLUTION DETECTION
SCHEDULES
Olson, D. G., et al. 1976.
American Institute of Industrial Engineers Transactions and
Proceedings 8(3):350-357.
Remote sensing, Oil spills, Detection, Models, Pollution
prevention, Coasts, *Linear programming
A flight scheduling system is presented for infrared and ultra-
violet sensor equipped aircraft whose mission is the detection
and prevention of coastal and harbor oil spills. The model is
a form of the stochastic traveling salesman problem which can
be solved using linear programming. Input parameters representing
probabilities of pollution incidents occurring for different geo-
graphical sectors are required and the objective is to maximize
the expected number of pollution incidents detected per flight.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(3):#77-01831. 1977]
27
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4. SAMPLING
C-1081-77
OIL SLICK SAMPLING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Baier, R. E., and A. Wright. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,988,932
Sampling, Oil slicks, Surfactants, Design and engineering,
Patent
An oil slick sampling method and apparatus is described which
consists of surrounding a part of the slick with a large,
floating, hoop-like frame, the inner surface of which is coated
with a surfactant. This coating spreads outward, thereby
compressing the area of the oil slick towards a central region
where suitable collecting means are located to sample the
slick for analysis.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(9):#231,077. 1977]
3,988,932
OIL SLICK SAMPLING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Robert E. Baier, Buffalo, and Alfred Wright, North Tona-
wanda, both of N.Y., assignors to Calspan Corporation,
Buffalo, N.Y.
Filed May 16, I97S, Ser. No. 578,281
Int. Cl.2 COIN 1/00
V.S. Cl. 73—421 R 4 Claims
C-1082-77
MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF ALTANTIC OCEAN WATER AND SEDIMENT
FROM POTENTIAL OFF-SHORE DRILLING SITES
Colwell, R. R., J. D. Walker, B. F. Conrad, and P. A. Seesman.
1976.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology. L. A. Underkofler (ed.)
Washington, D.C., American Institute Biological Sciences, 1976.
Vol. 17. p. 269-282. Proceedings of General Meeting of the
Society for Industrial Microbiology, 32nd, 1975.
Sampling, Microorganisms, Distribution, Seawater, Sediments,
Atlantic coast, Offshore drilling, Biological effects
Populations of aerobic, heterotrophic filamentous fungi, yeasts
and bacteria, as well as oil-degraders and chitin-hydrolyzers,
28
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were isolated from water and sediment samples collected at
stations off the southeastern U.S. coast. The microorganisms
were enumerated and examined with respect to their role in the
microbial ecology of seawater and sediment since this informa-
tion may prove useful in the future for determining effects of
offshore drilling on natural microbial populations.
C-1083-77
DETERMINATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CONTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS TO THE OCEANS
Garrett, W, D., and V. M. Smagin. 1976.
United Nations Environment Programme, WMO-440, SER-6. 37p.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Fate, Oceans
Knowledge concerning petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine
atmosphere and procedures by which their flux from air to
sea may be determined are reviewed. This three phase study
included air sampling, sea surface sampling, and the collection
of precipitation and dry fallout.
[from Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports 15(9):#N77-18609.
1977]
C-1084-77
THE HYDROCARBON BURDEN IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SURROUNDING
A REFINERY TANKER JETTY
Gump, B. H., H. S. Hertz, W. E. May, and S. N. Chesler. 1977.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health A12(3):105-113.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Refineries , Contamination, Sediments, Beaches
Water samples taken from the surface and at 10 m depth and
sediment samples taken from a nearby beach were found to have
no significant contamination. However, bottom sediments had
a low level of contamination of benzo(a)pyrene.
C-1085-77
ASSESSMENT OF HYDROCARBON POLLUTANTS IN GULF AND ESTUARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
Lytle, T. F., and J. S. Lytle. 1976.
Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science 21:128-147.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, OCS, Estuaries, Oil spills,
Toxicity, Mississippi, Alabama
Hydrocarbon samples from sediments of the Mississippi-Alabama
continental shelf indicate a low level but distinct presence
of fossil fuels, in contrast to sediments from offshore Florida
which show no evidence of oil pollution. Effects of an oil spill
on an estuarine pond were determined experimentally. The sediment
was found to act as a trap for the crude oil, and toxic effects on flora
and fauna were immediate and intense but relatively short-lived.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(12):#231,635. 1977}
29
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C-1086-77
THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION AROUND THE
AREA OF THE PETROLEUM FACTORY IN PLOCK [in Polish]
Siewniak, M. 1975.
Rozpravy Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Warszawie No. 53. 93p.
Sampling, Soil, Refineries, Petrochemicals, PAH, Health hazards,
*Agriculture, *Poland
Field investigations of air and soil pollution around a refinery-
petrochemical plant in Plock, Poland, were conducted with special
attention given to the possible effects on agriculture and
population. Concentrations of 3,4 benzopyrene near the complex
were 15,000 ug/kg soil; at 5 km distance the levels fell to 200
yg/kg. A safety zone in the vicinity of the plant is recommended
to reduce the hazards of agricultural contamination.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(2):#259- 1977]
C-1087-77
PELAGIC TAR IN THE CARIBBEAN AND EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC, 1974
Sleeter, T. D., B. F. Morris, and J. N. Butler. 1976.
Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 23(5):467-474.
Sampling, Tar, Caribbean Sea, Atlantic Ocean
Pelagic tar was sampled at 61 stations in the Caribbean and 31
stations in the eastern north and equatorial Atlantic. Tar
densities in the Caribbean (1.4 mg/m2) and Canary Current region
(2.0 mg/m^) were similar to previously recorded densities, but
in the equatorial Atlantic densities were significantly lower
(0.16 mg/m2) than others have found. Although the Caribbean has
a lower standing stock of tar than the more slowly circulating
Sargasso Sea, comparable quantities of tar probably pass through
the former in unit time.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1) .-#77-00646. 1977]
C-1088-77
HYDROCARBON LEVELS IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT OF THE SOUTHERN
BEAUFORT SEA
Wong, C. S., W. J. Cretney, R. W. MacDonald, and P. Christensen.
1976.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 20. 113p.
Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Seawater, Fish,
Plankton, Sediments, Sources, Drilling, Natural seepage, Beaufort
Sea, *Biogenic hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon baseline data include sea water, fish, plankton
and marine sediments. Sampling techniques, shipboard sample
30
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processing, and analytical procedures are discussed. Present
levels of aromatic hydrocarbons, low-molecular weight hydrocarbons,
nonpolar hydrocarbons, tar, and particulates are extremely low,
their levels and compositions are representative of hydrocarbons
formed by recent or present marine and terrestrial biosynthesis,
inland natural seeps, and onshore drilling.
5. ANALYSIS
C-1089-77
MODEL RELATES CARCINOGENICITY TO STRUCTURE (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical and Engineering News 55(14):31.
PAH, Carcinogens, Models, *Benzo[a]anthracene
A model to better predict differences in the carcinogenicity '
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by their structures is
reported. Diol epoxides are produced from polycyclic hydro-
carbons through an enzymatic reaction. There is a good
correlation between the calculated reactivity of the diol
epoxide derivatives and the relative carcinogenicity of the
parent hydrocarbon for derivatives of benzo[a]anthracene.
C-1090-77
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF REFINERY EFFLUENTS
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p. 247-254. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Analytical techniques, Monitoring,
Toxicity
The different types of experiment used for the investigation of
refinery effluents are described with examples. Techniques
include the settlement plate and transplant experiments useful
for monitoring and the further study of effects observed during
field surveys, and laboratory tests for the toxicity ranking of
effluents. It is difficult to arrange field experiments useful
for making predictions about the ecological effects of new
effluents in new communities; so monitoring is particularly
important in these cases.
31
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C-1091-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE VICINITY OF OFFSHORE
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION
Bean, R. M., J. W. Blaylock, E. A. Sutton, R. E. Wildung, and
F. M. Davidson. 1974.
Symposium on Chemistry of Marine Sediments, p. 726-735.
Preprint of the Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Inc., American
Chemical Society 19(4).
Sediments, Chemical analysis, Offshore production
Summary not available.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic Waters.
Seattle, Northwest Marine Fisheries Center. September, 1976]
C-1092-77
MOLECULAR AND ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBON GAS IN
THE MISSISSIPPI DELTA REGION
Bernard, B. B., J. M. Brooks, and W. M. Sackett. 1976.
American Chemical Society Southwest Regional Meeting, 32nd,
Fort Worth, Texas, 1976. p. 38. Abstract.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Refineries, Petro-
chemicals, Sources, Gulf of Mexico, *Mississippi Delta
High concentrations of dissolved light hydrocarbons from biogenic
and man-derived inputs are present in Mississippi Delta waters.
Petroleum refinery and petrochemical plant wastewaters contribute
methane containing up to 10% light alkanes, whereas biogenic gases
generated in the delta sediments are almost entirely methane and
C02- The isotopic composition of the methane from the two sources
differs significantly. Analyses of samples from various sites in
the delta region indicate that man-derived alkanes comprise over
80% of the dissolved hydrocarbons in the river and this component
is almost completely masked by biogenic methane in adjacent gulf
waters.
C-1093-77
CASE STUDY: CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEA AREA POLLUTED BY MINERAL
OIL
Carlberg, S. R. 1976.
Second FAO/SIDA Training Course on Marine Pollution in Relation
to Protection of Living Resources: Methods for Detection,
Measurement and Monitoring of Pollutants in the Aquatic Environ-
ment. Rome, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 1976. p.36-46.
Oil slicks, Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Sweden
Results are discussed of the sampling and analyses of a field of
drifting oil detected in January, 1973, outside Varberg, Sweden.
Samples revealed nonpolar hydrocarbon concentrations of under
0.05 mg/1.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2}:#77-01636. 1977]
32
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C-1094-77
HYDROCARBON STUDIES IN PUGET SOUND AND OFF THE WASHINGTON COAST.
REPORT OF PROGRESS, JUNE 1975 - FEBRUARY 1976
Carpenter, R., and A. W. Fairhill. 1976.
Report RLO-2225-T40-1, Contract AT(45-l)-2225-T40. 27p.
Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms, Sediments, Analytical techniques,
Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Puget Sound, Washington
Determinations are being made of the types and amounts of
aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in organisms, sediments,
and waters of the title areas by applying techniques of gas
Chromatography, high pressure liquid Chromatography, UV
fluorescence spectroscopy, combined gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry, and 14C and 13C/12C determinations. This progress
report summarizes the first eight months of research.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(2}:#3860. 1977]
C-1095-77
EXTRACTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS DISSOLVED IN WATER
[English summary]
Chaigneau, M., and M. Chastagnier. 1976.
Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France Jan-Feb:40-44..
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Extraction, Solvents,
Chromatography, Spectrometry
Solvents effective in extracting hydrocarbons from polluted waters
were investigated and compared. Carbon tetrachloride was judged
to be superior since it extracted the greatest number of pollutants.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(2):#291. 1977]
C-1096-77
THE APPLICATION OF ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE CONTROL OF
WATER QUALITY IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
Condron, J. A., and T. J. Puzniak. 1975.
Analysis Instrumentation Vol. 13. p. 83-86. Instrument Society
of America Analysis Instrumentation Symposium, 21st Annual
Meeting, Pittsburgh, 1975.
Water quality, Pollution control, Oil industry, Wastewaters,
Analytical techniques, Sampling, *0n-line instrumentation
The on-line measurements of oil-in-water, pH, and total oxygen
demand have been applied to the analysis of waste water within
the petroleum industry. Sampling procedures as well as data
interpretation play an important role in obtaining full utiliza-
tion of the analyzers capabilities.
33
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C-1097-77
DETERMINATION OF TRACES OF OIL IN VARIOUS PRODUCTS BY ADSORPTION
POLAROGRAPHY
Epimakhov, V. N., L. I. Kurysheva, and Yu. M. Mishenov. 1976.
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 12(1-2):78-79.
Chemical analysis, Wastewaters, Detection, *0il traces,
*Adsorption polarography
Small quantities of oil in the order of 10"2 to 10"5% in
petroleums, feedstocks, end products, or wastewaters can be
determined by a newly developed adsorption polarography technique.
Details of the analytical procedure and test results are presented
and discussed. ^
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(2):#010383. 1977]
C-1098-77
THE USE OF GC/MS IN THE ANALYSIS OF UNUSUAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS
Finnigan, R. E., and J. B. Knight. 1976.
Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water.
L. H. Keith (ed.) Michigan, Ann Arbor Science, 1976. p. 185-204.
PAH, Crude oil, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Spectrometry,
Carcinogens
An Alaskan crude oil sample was analyzed using high-resolution
capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine
if polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were present in the
sample. Benzo(a)pyrene and other known carcinogens were identified
by high speed quadrupole mass spectrometry.
C-1099-77
ALIPHATIC HEAVY HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION IN THE BENTHIC MACROEPI-
FAUNA OF THE SOUTH TEXAS OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF
Giam, C. S., H. S. Chan, and G. S. Neff. 1976.
American Chemical Society Southwest Regional Meeting, 32nd,
Fort Worth, Texas, 1976. p. 38. Abstract,
Hydrocarbons, Benthos, Chemical analysis, Distribution, OCS,
Texas, Gulf of Mexico
A program of monitoring heavy hydrocarbon levels and their
distribution in the benthic macroepifauna of the title oil
exploration areas initially focused on the acquisition of
baseline data for the ji paraffins (^4-034). Average concentrations
of these hydrocarbons were found to range from 0.06 ppm in shrimp
to 2.64 ppm in lizard fish. The n paraffins were identified as
characteristically biogenic hydrocarbons.
34
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c-noo-77
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR HYDROCARBON ANALYSIS OF MARINE BIOTA
Gritz, R. L., and D. G. Shaw. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17(4):
408-415.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Mollusks, Marine organisms,
Chromatography, *Soxhlet extraction, *Saponification
The efficiency of hydrocarbon isolation from clam tissues by
Soxhlet extraction was experimentally compared with direct
saponifi cation at 2 hour and 24 hour reaction times. The
isolated hydrocarbons were fractionated and characterized by
column chromatography on fully active columns and on partially
deactivated columns. Results presented indicate that 24 hour
saponification and partially deactivated column chromatography
constitute the best procedure tested.
C-1101-77
ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS OF WATER
Hamilton, C. E. 1976.
ASTM Standardization News 4(1):34-35,49.
Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Analytical
techniques, *Water pollutants
Available analytical methods for the evaluation of organic
pollutants in water, including hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons,
and phenols, are reviewed and compared for sensitivities.
Colorimetric methods, UV light absorption and emission, infrared
analysis, solvent extraction, activated carbon adsorption, and
chromatographic methods are included.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(2):#287. 1977]
C-1102-77
HYDROCARBON STATUS IN FLORIDA REAL ESTATE CANALS
Hansen, W. G., G. Bitton, J. L. Fox, and P. L. Brezonik. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):57-62.
Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Chemical analysis, Chromatography,
Petroleum products, Biodegradation, Bacteria, Coasts, Florida
Hydrocarbon levels in the sediments of real estate canals on the
east and west coast of Florida were determined using gas chromato-
graphy. Results indicated that the canals on the Gulf of Mexico
are receiving an influx of petroleum products. Hydrocarbon
degrading bacteria were more abundant than any other bacteria in
the sediments of the west coast canals.
35
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C-1103-77
CHARACTERIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILLS BY HIGH-SPEED
GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY USING AN ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION
DETECTOR
Higashi, K., and K. Hagihara. 1976.
Bunseki Kagaku 25(11):803-805.
Crude oil, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Weathering
High-speed gel permeation Chromatography was used to determine
the molecular weight distribution of eight different kinds of
crude oil. Chromatograms of weathered crude oils were similar
to unweathered oils.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110793u. 1977]
C-l104-77
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF GASOLINE-FRACTION HYDROCARBONS
IN WATERS BY CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY [English summaryJ
Hrivnak, J., and J. Hassler. 1976.
Vodni Hospodarstvi [Rada] B 26(7):193-195.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Wastewaters,
*Gasoline fractions
Gasoline-fraction hydrocarbons present in wastewaters were first
extracted into a nitrogen stream and isolated by freezing the
vapors at -60°C. The resulting isolates were then analyzed by
gas chromtography, with a detection sensitivity of 1 ppb.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95415b. 1977]
C-1105-77
GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN WATER [in
Russian]
Ipatov, P. F., E. D. Moskvitina, R. V. Pospelova, and G. I.
Rogozhkin. 1975.
Trudy, Vsesoyuznyi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut
Vodosnabzheniya, Kanalizatsii, Gidrotekhnicheskikh
Sooruzhenii i Inzhenernoi Gidrogeologii 48:13-14.
Petroleum.products, Analytical techniques, *Gravimetric
determination, Solvents, Extraction
"The petroleum products are extracted with a water-immiscible
solvent, and the solvent is evaporated in a water-free atmosphere.
The loss in weight of CHCL3, hexane, and ET20 extracts of kerosene
during evaporation is given."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126979v. 1977]
36
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C-1106-77
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PLANTS
[in German]
Kaspar, H., H. Leidner, and K. Wuhrmann. 1976.
Gas Und Wasserfach 117(9):400-405.
Hydrocarbons, Decomposition, Activated sludge, Chemical analysis,
Chromatography
The biochemical decomposition rate of petroleum hydrocarbons
was examined using samples of activated sludge containing an
emulsion of heating oil. The rate of disappearance of hydro-
carbons of different chain length was estimated by gas-liquid
Chromatography. It was concluded that the detention period in
a normal activated-sludge plant is inadequate for complete
breakdown of petroleum hydrocarbons absorbed on the sludge.
[from WRC Information 4(2):#77-70102S. 1977]
C-1107-77
IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN WATER
Keith, L. H. (ed.). 1976.
Michigan, Ann Arbor Science, 1976. 718p.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens, Chemical analysis,
Contaminants, *0rganic pollutants
The identification and analysis of various organic pollutants
found in water are reported. Aromatic hydrocarbons and carcinogens
are among the substances covered in this collection of papers.
C-1108-77
SOME CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SEA SEDIMENTS AS AN INDEX OF THEIR
CAPACITY FOR THE SELF-PURIFICATION REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM AND
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS [in Russian]
Kiryukhina, L. N., and M. I. Kucherenko. 1975.
Biologicheskoe Samoochishchenie Formirovanie Kachestva Vody,
Materialy Vsesoyuznogo Simpoziuma po Sanitarnoi Gidrobiologii
2nd, 1973. M. M. Telitchenko (ed.) Moscow, USSR, "Nauka", 1975.
p. 24-26.
Sediments, Chemical analysis, Ports, Oceans, Petroleum products,
Contamination, USSR
Physical and chemical parameters were determined for sea sediments
from the port of Baku and nearby high seas. An analysis of the
chemical-physical properties, and of chloroform-soluble organic
substances indicated contamination of the sediments by petroleum
and petroleum products.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(8):#46975a. 1977]
37
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C-1109-77
FINDINGS ON POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN WATER [in German]
Kunte, H., and J. Borneff. 1976.
Zeitschrift fur Wasser und Abwasser Forschung 9(2):35-38.
PAH, Chemical analysis, Chromatography, Extraction, *Fluorescence
Six fluorescing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can be
determined in water by extraction from the water with cyclohexane
and, after a cleanup on deactivated aluminum oxide, can be separated
by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The substances
are identified by their fluorescence and quantification is accom-
plished directly from the TLC-plate with a scanner or after elution
of the substances.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(1):#77-00516. 1977]
c-mo-77
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF HYDRO-
CARBONS IN WATER BY VAPOR PHASE EXTRACTION
Mackay, D., W. Y. Shiu, and A. W. Wolkoff. 1975.
American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical
Publication 573. p. 251-258.
Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Chromatography. Design and
engineering, *Hydrocarbon measurements
A laboratory apparatus and method are described to determine low
dissolved hydrocarbon concentrations and the thermodynamic basis
for predicting the fraction of the hydrocarbon partitioning into
the vapor phase. Reliable analyses are possible for alkanes
down to 10 ppb and for toluene, 75 ppb.
C-mi-77
CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM POLLUTANTS BY LINEAR DISCRIMINANT
FUNCTION ANALYSIS OF INFRARED SPECTRAL PATTERNS
Mattson, J. S., C. S. Mattson, M. J. Spencer, and F. W.
Spencer. 1977.
Analytical Chemistry 49(3) :500-502.
Contaminants, Analytical techniques, Spectrometry, *Pollutant
classification, *Computer-spectrometer system
Digitized transmission infrared spectra of six classes of oils
were subjected to pattern classification using linear discriminant
function analysis. "Several 'decision tree1 schemes were tested
to develop a high predictive capability ultimately resulting in
a 'recognition power1 of 97.5%. The highest average probability
for class membership comes from the waste crankcase lubricants
(P=0.898) while the lowest average probability not unexpectedly
arises from the crude oils (P=0.838)."
38
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C-1112-77
ON THE DETERMINATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND NAPHTHENIC ACIDS
DISSOLVED IN SEA WATER '
Mazmanidi, N. D., G. I. Kovaleva, and N. A. Zobova. 1976.
Oceanology 15(3):308-311.
Petroleum products, Detection, Seawater, Analytical techniques,
*Naphthenic acids
Methodological problems of detecting petroleum products dissolved
in seawater are described. Extraction with chloroform and
measurement with UV spectrophotometry appears to-be an effective
combination. The parameters governing the solubility of petroleum
products, particularly naphthenic acids, are discussed.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(4):#794. 1977]
C-1113-77
ON THE APPLICATION OF RADIOISOTOPE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
FOR THE SOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS
Meier, H., and E. Unger. 1976.
Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry 32(2):413-445.
Waste oils, Analytical techniques, Petrochemicals, Industries,
*X-ray fluorescence
Equations were given from which methods applicable to environmental
analysis and industrial processes could be derived. Methods were
suggested which could be useful in analyzing air particles and
polluted water. The low mass absorption coefficients of oils
qualify them for analysis by this process (engine oils, lubricating
oils, fuel oils).
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(8):#W77-03612. 1977]
C-1114-77
GRAPHICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION OF TWO
COMPONENTS [English summary]
Mosescu, N., and G. Kalmutchi. 1976.
Revista de Chimie (Bucharest) 27(9):789-790.
Hydrocarbons, Wastewaters, *Spectral absorption characteristics,
*Hydrocarbon concentration
A method for determining the concentration of two different
hydrocarbons or other compounds in wastewater is described. The
method consists of solving a system of 2 equations with 2 unknowns
using spectral absorption data of the compounds present.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(80):#150118j. 1977]
39
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c-ms-77
OPTIMAL OIL TANKER SIZE WITH REGARD TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF
OIL SPILLS
Sarin, R. K. 1976.
Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 3(3):226-235.
Models, Tankers, Oil spills, Environmental effects, Economics,
*0ptimal tanker size
A model was developed for assessing the tradeoff between small
but frequent spills associated with many small tankers, and
relatively less frequent but larger and more concentrated spills
associated with smaller fleets of large tankers. A procedure is
suggested which incorporates the environmental impacts of oil
spills in the model without quantifying them in monetary units.
Numerical results relating to optimal tanker size are presented.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(3):#020764. 1977]
cfme-77
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE DDR. I. RESULTS
OF ELIMINATION ANALYSIS
Schlungbaum, and G. V. Vobach. 1976.
Limnologica 10(2):437-451.
Contaminants, Analytical techniques, Hydrocarbons, Coasts, East
Germany, *Spectrophotometry, *Colorimetry
Spectrophotometric and colorimetric procedures were used to
measure the presence of organic pollutants in coastal waters of
East Germany. Hydrocarbons were found to be among these substances.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#1109702. 1977]
C-1117-77
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN LAKE WATERS AND ASSOCIATED
SEDIMENTS: ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-
MASS SPECTROMETRY
Strosher, M. T., and G. W. Hodgson. 1975.
American Society for Testing and Materials, STP. 573. p. 259-270.
PAH, Lakes, Sediments, Analytical techniques, Chromatography,
Spectrometry
Summary not available.
[from University of Calgary Environmental Sciences Centre Log of
1975 Reports and Publications. No.75-4. 1976]
40
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C-1118-77
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS FROM EFFLUENTS: DETECTION IN MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Tanacredi, J. T. 1977.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 49(2):216-227.
Wastewaters, Detection, Hydrocarbons, Crankcase oil, Chemical
analysis, Marine organisms, New York
Weekly samples from four wastewater treatment facilities
discharging into Jamaica Bay, New York, were analyzed for the
presence of waste crankcase petroleum products. Gas chromato-
graphy and two novel ultra-violet fluorescence spectroscopy
techniques were used in the analyses. Heavy hydrocarbon
pollution attributable largely to automotive wastes was detected
in the bay's surface waters and in tissues of the benthic
organism, Mya arenaria.
C-1119-77
CHARACTERISTICS OF WORLD'S CRUDE OILS AND RESULTS OF API
RESEARCH PROJECT 60
Thompson, C. J., C. C. Ward, and J. S. Ball. 1976.
ERDA report, BERC/RI-76/8. 32p.
Crude oil, Chemical analysis, Source identification, API
This report contains information about the Energy Research and
Development Administration (ERDA) method for routine crude oil
analysis and its application to representative crudes throughout
the world. Presented are compositional data on Ponca City,
Oklahoma crude oil - an oil studied extensively by API Research
Project 6 - and a summary of the present knowledge of sulfur-,
nitrogen-,oxygen-, and metal-containing materials in petroleum.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(1):#155. 1977]
C-1120-77
CONTINUOUS FLOW APPARATUS FOR USE IN PETROLEUM BIOASSAY
Vanderhorst, J. R., C. I. Gibson, L. J. Moore, and P. Wilkinson.
1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17(5):
557-584.
Hydrocarbons, Dispersions, Design and engineering, *Petroleum
bioassay, Continuous flow system
The purpose of the study was to develop a system capable of
producing stable concentrations of dispersed petroleum hydro-
carbons in seawater so that long-term bioassay experiments
could be carried out under uniform conditions. Such a system is
described herein along with test results using No. 2 fuel oil.
A discussion of problems encountered and possible applications
of the system to crude oils is included.
41
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C-1121-77
SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION TO
INDIGENOUS AND PETROLEUM-DERIVED HYDROCARBONS IN LACUSTRINE
SEDIMENTS
Wakeham, S. G. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology 11(3) -.272-276.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Analytical techniques, Chromatography,
Spectroscopy, Sediments, Lakes, *Fluorescence
By separating the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions using liquid-
solid column chromatography prior to fluorescence analysis,
greater information on the aromatic content of the oils is
obtained. The synchronous method is compared with conventional
fluorescence spectroscopy and is used to characterize the indige-
nous and petroleum derived aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of
Lake Washington.
C-1122-77
ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL TRENDS
Young, G. K., D. Evans, and R. U. Jettmar. 1976.
Final report, Contract EQ6AC014. 50p.
Spill cleanup, U.S., Statistical analysis, USCG, EPA, Information
systems
National trends of oil spills and their cleanup have been derived
from an analysis of 1972 through 1975 data compiled in the U.S.
Coast Guard Pollution Incident Reporting System (PIRS) and the
Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) file of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(5):#PB-260 917/OGA. 1977]
6. SOURCE IDENTIFICATION ,
C-1123-77
CHARACTERIZATION OF AUSTRALIAN CRUDES AND CONDENSATES BY GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS. COMMENTS
Adlard, E. R. 1976.
Environmental Science and Technology 10(3):284.
Source identification, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Chemical
analysis, Chromatography
A technique useful in identifying oil pollution sources was
developed, based on the measurement of the non-weathered and
nonvoltile C]2-20 hydrocarbons present in crude oil. These fractions
are analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography. Four examples of
pollutant source identification in Australian waters are discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#75550p. 1977]
42
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C-1124-77
IDENTIFYING OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Brown, C. W. 1975.
Preprints of Papers Presented at National Meeting, Division of
Environmental Chemistry, American Chemical Society 15(1):191-193.
Source identification, Oil spills, Chemical analysis, Spectroscopy,
Seawater
The unique IR fingerprints of over 300 different oils were digitized
and stored in computer files for possible comparison in case of
future unidentified oil spillages. Spectral changes in the signa-
tures of weathered oils have been correlated, and IR spectroscopy
has been used to determine the relative amounts and types of
hydrocarbons present in seawater.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#75568a. 1977]
C-1125-77
TOTAL LUMINESCENCE CONTOUR SPECTRA OF SIX TOPPED CRUDE OILS
Chisholm, B. R., H. 6. Eldering, L. P. Giering, and A. W. Hornig.
1976.
Contract PO-BE-76-P-1221. 48p.
Source identification, Crude oil, Analytical techniques,
*Luminescence contour spectra
"The results of a preliminary study of six topped crude oils by
total luminescence are presented. Included are six contour
spectra, six principal excitation/emission spectra, an interpreta-
tion of the contours by comparison with other data, a discussion
of the method and recommendations for further related studies.
These data are used in oil spill identification."
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(9):#21645. 1977]
C-1126-77
ON THE ORIGIN OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE
AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT
Hase, A., and R. A. Hites. 1976.
Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water
L. H. Keith, (ed.). Michigan, Ann Arbor Science, 1976. p. 205-214.
Source identification, PAH, Sources, Chemical analysis, Chromato-
graphy, Spectrometry, Sediments, *Aquatic environment
Different sources of PAH in the aqueous environment, including
sediments, were investigated and analyzed using high-resolution
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated the main
source of PAH to be anthropogenic, airborne, and combustion produced.
43
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C-1127-77
IDENTIFICATION OF CRUDE OILS BY LUMINESCENCE TECHNIQUES
John, P. and I. Soutar. 1976.
Proceedings of the Analytical Division of the Chemical Society
(London) 13(10):309-310.
Source identification, Crude oil, Chemical analysis, *Fluorometry
Synchronous excitation fluorometry was used to rapidly characterize
crude oils and was found to be especially useful in identifying
the source of oil pollution.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#108919w. 1977]
C-1128-77
MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL APPROACH TO THE FINGERPRINTING OF OILS
BY INFRARED SPECTROMETRY
Mattson, J. S., C. S. Mattson, M. J. Spencer, and S. A. Storks.
1977.
Analytical Chemistry 49(2):297-302.
Source identification, Statistical analysis, Analytical techniques,
Spectrometry
"The need to attach a statistically significant number, describing
the extent of match or mismatch of infrared spectra of oil samples,
is satisfied using a multivariate normal probability density
function. The requirements of normality and independence are
examined, and two methods of baseline placement are considered.
Example results are presented for a test population of 10 lubri-
cating oils, 22 waste lubes, 30 No. 2, 30 diesel, 12 No. 4, 10
No. 5, 28 No. 6 fuels, and 62 crude oils."
C-1129-77
SOURCES OF TAR POLLUTION ON ISRAELI MEDITERRANEAN COAST
Shekel, Y., and R. Ravid. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology 11(5):502-505.
Source identification, Tar balls, Analysis, Chromatography,
Sampling, Crude oil, Weathering, Israel, Mediterranean Sea
All/2 year tar ball sampling program was conducted along
Israel's Mediterranean coast to determine the types and sources
of oil pollution. Chromatographic analysis indicated that 76%
of the tar balls were formed from crude oil and crude oil sludge,
18% from weathered fuel oil, and 4% from greatly weathered oil.
Vanadium-nickel ratios and sulfur content studies established
that 96% of the tar balls from crude oils were from Middle
Eastern sources. Of this 96%, 46% were weathered about 2 weeks,
41% over 2 months, and 13% were probably weathered 1-2 years.
44
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C-1130-77
CRUDE OIL SPILLS RESEARCH. AN INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Wilson, C. A., E. P. Ferrero, and H. J. Coleman. 1975.
Report BM-RI-8024.
Source identification, Oil spills, Crude oil, Analytical
techniques, Chromatography, Spectroscopy, Spectrometry, *U.S.
Bureau of Mines
The article describes the program of the U.S. Bureau of Mines to
investigate and evaluate analytical techniques for the simple,
rapid and reliable identification of crude oil spills. Analytical
techniques studied include: gas-liquid Chromatography, atomic
adsorption spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy, sulfur and
nitrogen determinations, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(7):#15793. 1977]
C-1131-77
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: HOMOLOGOUS
SERIES IN SOILS AND RECENT MARINE SEDIMENTS
Youngblood, W. W., and M. Blumer. 1975.
Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta :1303-1314.
Source identification, PAH, Hydrocarbons, Sediments, Soils,
Crude oil, Petroleum products
Soils, marsh sediments, subtidal sediments, ancient sedimentary
rocks, crude oil and petroleum products, and wood tar were
sampled and analyzed by mass spectrometry for their polycylic
aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) assemblages. Molecular weight
distribution patterns of PAH fractions in crude oils, refined
oils, oil shales and ancient sediments were found to be similar.
Likewise, soils and recent sediments were found to contain a
distinct series of alkylated PAH homologs of similar molecular
weight distribution. It is suggested that the hydrocarbons of
recent sediments are formed in natural fires and are atmospheri-
cally dispersed and deposited.
45
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B. OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
C-1132-77
CONTAINMENT BOOM
Casey, G. J. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,973,406
Spill containment, Booms, Design and engineering, Patent
An elongated curtain-like partition barrier is described that is
supported in a vertical position in the water by outrigger-type
flotation units and is flexible enough to encircle an oil spill
or oil tanker. The boom is impervious and can be folded accordion
fashion for compact storage and transport.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01721. 1977]
3,973,406
CONTAINMENT BOOM
Gerald J. Casey, 1819 Curtis St., Berkeley, Calif. 94702
Filed Dec. 26, 1974, Ser. No. 536,348
Int. Cl.2 E02B 3100
U.S. Cl. 61-1 F 9 Claims
C-1133-77
ANTI-POLLUTION BARRIER AT THE SURFACE OF THE WATER
(Granges Essem Plast A/S). 1976.
French Patent 2,301,638'
Spill containment, Booms, Design and engineering, Patent
A submersible floating barrier for the containment of oil spills
and floating debris is described. The barrier is equipped with
floats which support a removable, flexible membrane in such a
way that it can move upward and downward in the water column.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,313. 1977]
46
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C-1134-77
ON THE USE OF AIR-BUBBLE SCREENS AS OIL BARRIERS
Kobus, H. E. 1975.
Fundamental Tools to be Used in Environmental Problems. Interna-
tional Association for Hydraulic Research, 16th Congress,
University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1975. Vol. 3 - Subject C. Hydro.
Aspects in Environmental and Ecological Enhancement, p.356-363.
Spill containment, *Air bubble screens
From experiments of the flow field induced by an air-bubble screen,
the resulting surface current can be predicted as a function of water
depth, and air can be predicted as a function of water depth and
air discharge, both in a standing water body and in a cross current.
This information about flow fields leads to a design procedure for
pneumatic oil barriers.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:#14139883. 1977]
C-1135-77
TANKERS COULD CARRY OWN OIL BOOMS (news brief)
Lucander, N. 1977.
Western Fisheries 94(1):52-53.
Spill containment, Tankers, Booms, Design and engineering
It is the author's opinion that all tankers should be fitted with
their own oil spill booms stored around the gunwhale with a
length twice as long as the perimeter of the ship. Any leaking
oil from the holds would be contained in the area and readily
recovered with existing recovery equipment. The "Lucan" Bottom
Tension Oil Spill Control Boom features are outlined.
C-1136-77
FENDING DEVICE FOR OIL CONTAINMENT BOOM
Nielsen, E. C. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,000,532
Spill containment, Booms, Design and engineering, Patent, *Fending
device
"A barrier is breasted away from a vessel and other structures
by a floating, open structure with vertical fenders extending
above and below the water line. The device is composed of an
open planar fending structure of high strength/weight ratio."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(18):#233,093. 1977]
47
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C-1137-77
PETRO TRAP (product information)
PENCO Division, Hudson Engineering Company, n.d.
PENCO Division, Hudson Engineering Company, 1114 Clinton St.,
Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Spill containment, Spill recovery, Absorption, *Sorbent pads
Petro Traps are sorbent pads made of oleophilic polymeric foam
enclosed in watertight (hydrophobic) spunbonded polypropylene
jackets. Each pad weighs about 454 g (1 Ib) and absorbs about 15 1
(nearly 4 gal) of oil. The pads can be connected to form
containment booms or stacked to form barriers.
C-1138-77
BARRIER FOR WATER CARRIED POLLUTANTS
Preus, P. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,998,060
Spill containment, Booms, Design and engineering, Absorption,
Hydrocarbons, Patent
The barrier consists of a series of end-to-end connectable boom
sections made of an oleophilic-hydrophobic composition which
selectively absorbs hydrocarbons. The apparatus has fluid
impervious connectors for the ends of the boom sections and
flexible draft members.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(16):#232,470. 1977]
3,998,060
BARRIER FOR WATER CARRIED POLLUTANTS
Paul Preus, Smith Road, Toms River, N.J. 08753
Filed Apr. 14, 1976, Scr. No. 676,794
Int. Cl.2 F,02B 15/04; B63B 35/00
U.S. Cl. 61-1 f 6 Claims
48
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C-1139-7.7
BARRIER FOR FIGHTING THE POLLUTION OF WATER BY HYDROCARBONS
(Rhine & Rhone, SA.) 1976
French Patent 2,289,682
Spill containment, Booms, Adsorption, Hydrocarbons, Design and
engineering, Patent
An adsorption and containment boom is described which is made of
a fixed mesh weave that permits the passage of water but retains
hydrocarbons by adsorption. A ballasted skirt keeps the barrier
perpendicular to the flow of the water.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(12}:#231,634. 1977]
C-1140-77
OIL BOOM AND METHOD OF .SKIMMING FLOATING OIL FROM THE SURFACE OF
A BODY OF WATER
Veld, C. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,979,291
Spill cleanup, Booms, Skimmers, Oil slicks, Design and engineering,
Patent
An oil boom assembly for collecting oil from the surface of a
body of water is described. The unit consists of parallel rows
of vertical, buoyant barrier screen members connected by flexible
means and rigidly braced to hold the members upright in the water.
The progressive length of the rows permits flow of surface water
around the shorter barriers and towards the skimmer.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01759. 1977]
3,979,291
OIL BOOM AND METHOD OF SKIMMING FLOATING
OIL FROM THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF WATER
Cornells in 'I Veld, Vlaardingen, Netherlands, assignor to
National Marine Service, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.
Continuation of Ser. No. 422,603, Dec. 6, 1973, abandoned.
This application May 30, 1975, Ser. No. 582,271
Claims priority, application Netherlands, Dec. 7, 1972,
7216633
Int. CI.J E02B IS/04
U.S.CI. 210-84 13 Claims
49
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
C-1141-77
No title given (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical and Engineering News 55(14):20.
Spill recovery, Adsorption, Design and engineering, *Ferromagnetic
foam
The Florida Sea Grant Program and Gulf-Tampa Drydocks have
developed a prototype oil spill recovery boat equipped with
pontoons that funnel oil between the hulls where it is absorbed
by a layer of ferromagnetic foam. The maximum recovery rate is
expected to be about 16,800 1/km/hr (2400 gal/knot).
C-1142-77
ARCTIC SUBSEA BLOWOUT BURNING FEASIBILITY STUDY MADE IN CANADA
(news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(3):38.
Oil wells, *Blowouts, Spill disposal, Incineration, Ice, Arctic,
Canada
Oil or gas well blow-outs in the Arctic environment are being
studied by Arctec Canada, Ltd.; burning of the oil or gas in-situ
appears to be the most efficient technique of disposal. A
feasibility study for igniting oil on Arctic ice is in progress
and recommendations will be based on reliability of ignition,
cost, ease of deployment, and toxicity.
C-1143-77
ASIATIC PETROLEUM BUYS SECOND OIL SKIMMER (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 13(5):37.
Spill cleanup, Spill recovery, Skimmers, *Strait of Malacca
A second SPILTROL harbor oil skimmer has recently been purchased
and will be utilized for oil spill cleanup in the Strait of Malacca;
the first one is standing by in Singapore. The skimmer vessel
recovers oil at speeds of 3 km/hr (1.6 knots), sweeping a path
about 6 m (20 feet) wide. Oil is funneled through a baffle
arrangement in the hull and from there is pumped into onboard
tanks with a capacity of 28 barrels.
50
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C-1144-77
INLAND AND OFFSHORE
Anon. 1976.
Marine Engineering/Log 81(11) :104,106,1066,106F.106H.
Spill recovery, Design and engineering
A new Class 1 oil spill recovery vessel built by Marine
Construction and Design Co. attained speeds of 37 km/hr (20 kn)
in responding to an oil spill. It is fitted with a portable
1900 1 (500 gal) storage tank for recovered oil, off-loading
pumps, fire hoses, trash handling equipment, and space to carry
floating booms to contain or divert oil spills in small bays and
around industrial sites.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01884. 1977]
C-1145-77
A MOP FOR OIL OR PREVENTER OF SPILLS? (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(6):9.
Spill cleanup, Pollution prevention, Safety, Regulations, USCG
The role of the U.S. Coast Guard in the cleanup and prevention of
oil spills is discussed and current safety standards as required
by the 1972 Ports and Waterways Safety Act are reviewed.
C-1146-77
A NEW MODEL CLEANUP SWEEP OIL SKIMMER FOR USE IN RECOVERING
SPILLED OIL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical & Engineering News 55(17):21.
Spill recovery, Skimmers, *Clean Sweep oil skimmer
The new model Clean Sweep oil skimmer developed by Lockheed is
designed with a hollow center enclosing a container filled with
closed-cell foam to assure buoyancy. This modification makes it
possible to recover spilled oil in 1.5 m (5 ft) seas and 1.6 km/hr
(1 knot) currents.
51
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C-1147-77
NORWEGIANS TAKE STEPS IN PREPARATION FOR POSSIBLE NORTH SEA
DISASTERS, SPILLS
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 38(5):303-306.
Spill cleanup, Environmental protection, Offshore development,
Safety, Economics, North Sea, Norway
Environmental and safety risks of developing North Sea oil fields
are discussed, and the possible economic consequences of a large
blowout are weighed against the value of the offshore oil.
Norwegian requirements for mechanical spill cleanup and recovery
equipment to be used in the North Sea are outlined; such equipment
should be able to function in 2-3 m waves, wind speeds of 10-11/sec,
and currents of 2.7 km/hr (1.5 knots).
C-1148-77
OIL SKIMMING SYSTEM (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical Engineering 84(11):!22.
Spill recovery, Waste oil, Fuels, Oil-water separation, Skimmers,
Design and engineering
A floating skimmer system has been designed for removing oils,
fuels, and oily wastes from water surfaces. The device is
adjustably ballasted, and an inner tank that retains the skimmed
oil permits cleaning of the oil while it is floated on brine.
The brine pushes the oil up to a fixed level inlet through which
it is pumped to a storage facility.
C-1149-77
OIL SPILL CLEARANCE COMBINE (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(4):77.
Spill cleanup, Booms, Skimmers, *Vikoma International
Vikoma International Ltd. has been established by BP and Vickers
Ltd. to market oil spill clearance equipment including the Vikoma
Seapack boom system, the Vikoma Seaskimmer and Komara miniskimmer.
The Vikoma systems are currently available in six continents for
emergency use in spill situations and have been successfully used
in several major accidents.
52
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C-1150-77
OIL SPILL DISPERSANT FOR MARINE POLLUTION
Anon. 1974.
South African Bureau of Standards - Bulletin 4(4):68-72.
Dispersants, Spill cleanup, Toxicity, Marine organisms, South
Afri ca
Specifications for an oil spill dispersant for use in cleaning
up crude and fuel oil spills on water and beaches are given by
the South African Bureau of Standards. Requirements of dispersion
efficiency, toxicity to marine life, consistency, and corrosive-
ness are described and the compatibility of the dispersant with
other dispersants is discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(3):#W77-01387. 1977],
C-1151-77
A REMEDY FOR OIL SPILLS
Anon. 1977.
Compressed Air 82(2):15-18.
Spill cleanup, Skimmers, Design and engineering, *Dynamic
Inclined Plane skimmer
The Dynamic Inclined Plane skimmer (DIP) developed by JBF
Scientific Corporation is described. The DIP is able to skim
oil and floating debris. The process involves collecting oil
by forcing it down under the water surface and along an inclined
plane into a collection well where the oil forms a deep oil
pocket suitable for pumping to a storage facility.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02547. 1977]
C-1152-77
THE WORLD'S MOST POWERFUL TUG
Anon. 1976.
Marine Engineers Review p.45-46.
*Salvage tug, Pollution control, Spill cleanup, Design and
engineering, South Africa
The new salvage tug "S.A. Wolraad Woltemade" was designed by
Robb Caledon Shipbuilders and is owned by the South African Marine
Corporation. Its role includes pollution control operations at
sea, fire fighting, salvage, rescue, and long range ocean towage.
The design of the tug and the equipment on board are described.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00901. 1977]
53
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C-1153-77
WOLRAAD WOLTEMADE: SALVAGE TUG
Anon. 1976.
Ship & Boat International 29(7-8):23-26.
*Salvage tug, Pollution control, Spill cleanup, Design and
engineering, South Africa
The single-screw, long-range salvage tug is considered the
largest, fastest, and most powerful salvage tug yet built.
It can maintain four divers with underwater welding equipment
and can tow over any distance. The vessel has fire-fighting
equipment and oil pollution cleanup agents. The tug was built
by Robb Caledon Shipbuilders, Scotland, and is owned by the
South African Marine Corporation.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00874. 1977]
C-1154-77
ZERO-RELATIVE-VELOCITY OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer International 49(3):11-12,14.
Skimmers, Spill recovery, Absorption, Design and engineering
A 12 m (40 ft) prototype oil skimming vessel uses twin sorbent
belts to recover up to 2272 1/m (600 gpm) of spilled oil in 11
to 14 km/hr (6 to 8 knot) currents. Developed by Shell Develop-
ment Co., the device utilizes the principle that if no appreciable
velocity exists between an oil layer and the removal device, no
major turbulence results and entrained oil droplets will not
form. Dimension and performance specifications are given and oil
recovery rates are discussed.
C-1155-77
SYSTEM FOR RECOVERING PETROLEUM FLUIDS FROM UNDERWATER FISSURES
ARCADIA REFINING COMPANY. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,981,154
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent, Underwater
fissures
A method for recovering fluids lighter than water escaping from
an underwater fissure is described. Escaping fluid rises
through an open-bottomed tank positioned vertically above the
fissure and displaces the water previously in the tank. The
tank is anchored to maintain a fixed position as the buoyancy
of the recovered fluid is gained.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 9(2):#77/04/24. 1977]
54
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C-1156-77
OIL SPILL CLEANUP SYSTEM
Ayers, R. R. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,966,614
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent
An apparatus for removing oil from the surface of a body of
water consists of a support balance, a compartment and baffles
to allow entry of the oily water into chambers, and a wave
conformable articulating bottom.
[from Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark
Office 947(5):2251. 1976]
3,966,614
OIL SPILL CLEANUP SYSTEM
Ray R. Ayers, Houston, Tex., assignor lo She!) Oil Company,
Houston, Tex.
Continuation of Ser. No. 292,028, Sept. 25,1972, abandoned,
which is * continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 225,987, Feb. 14,
1972, abandoned. This application July 29, 1974, Ser. No.
492,556
Int. Cl.1 E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—242 R 14 Claims
C-1157-77
GELATION OF OIL SLICKS BY AMINE CARBAMATES AS AN ADJUNCT TO
U.S. NAVY OIL SPILL RECOVERY OPERATIONS
Bannister, W. W. 1977.
Final report, Contract N00014-76-C-0340. 79p.
Spill recovery, Oil slicks, Pollution prevention, USN, *Gelation,
*Amine carbamates
Solutions of Amine D in ethyl and benzyl alcohol, when sprayed
on oil slicks to a concentration of 10% and then treated with
C02 to form the carbamate, provide excellent gelation of the oil.
Tests were performed on gel strengths and on effects of film
thickness, temperature, and salinity for various fuels. A
field test indicated this system is very advantageous in oil
slick recovery. The toxicity of the Amine D is of a very low
order, comparable to that of the oil slick itself.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#AD-A035 702/OGA.
1977]
55
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C-1158-77
FLOATING APPARATUS FOR TREATING THE UPPER LAYER OF A LIQUID MASS
(B. J. Consultant Sari). 1976.
French Patent 2,306,123.
Spill cleanup, Skimmers, Design and engineering, Patent
A floating apparatus for cleaning up oil spills is described.
The apparatus has a vertically adjustable intake and a large
central tank with horizontal baffles that divide it into
superposed decantation chambers. The stern end of the tank
has outflow pipes for purified water, and suction pumps remove
the oil and send it to storage tanks located laterally from
the main tank.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,317. 1977]
C-1159-77
DETERGENT COMPOSITION FOR DISPERSING OIL SPILLS
Blanchard, P. M., and D. G. Meeks. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,998,733
Spill cleanup, Emulsions, Surfactants, Dispersants, Patent
The detergent composition is sprayed onto the oil to form an
oil-water emulsion. The emulsion is diluted in the water and
the spilled material is dispersed as very fine droplets. This
reduces its effect on the marine environment and assists its
biodegradation.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(16):#232,469. 1977]
C-1160-77
HARMLESS DISPOSAL OF MINERAL OIL
Boelsing, F. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,520,999-
Spill disposal, Soil, Biodegradation, Microorganisms, Patent
Alkaline earth oxides are combined with oil spilled on land to
form a loose powder that can be biodegraded by soil microorganisms.
Thus, a field contaminated by a crude oil spill was treated with
lime, and after several months the field was successfully used
to grow potatoes.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126802g. 1977]
56
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C-1161-77
PORTABLE PUMPS FOR OIL TRANSFER CLEANSING AND SPILLAGE RECOVERY
Burton, J. D. 1975.
Pumps Pompes Pumpen No,111:1015-1018.
Oil transfer, Spill recovery, *Portable pumps
The various duties and requirements for small to medium size
portable pumps used for cleanup in oil transfer and oil spill
recovery are discussed.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(4):#885.
1977J
C-1162-77
THE SEPARATION OF OIL FROM WATER FOR NORTH SEA OIL OPERATIONS
Central Unit on Environmental Pollution (England). 1976.
London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. v + 29p.
(Pollution Paper No. 6)
Offshore development, Oil-water separation, North Sea
Summary not available.
[from Environmental Conservation 4(1):80. 1977]
C-1163-77
HOW BRITAIN HANDLES OIL SPILLS (news brief)
Cormack, D. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer International 49(5):14-15.
Spill cleanup, Dispersants, Toxicity, England
The use of oil spill dispersants in Britain is briefly discussed.
The Warren Spring Laboratory dispersant spraying equipment was
developed to effectively disperse oil throughout the water column
and prevent contamination. Results of experiments on dispersant
treated oil slicks show that concentrations of dispersed oil in
the water column are low and of short duration in comparison
with levels and times required to bring about toxic effects in
the laboratory.
C-1164-77
ACCIDENTAL OIL POLLUTION OF THE SEA: A REPORT BY OFFICIALS
ON OIL SPILLS AND CLEANUP MEASURES
Department of Environmental Pollution, UK. 1976.
London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1976. 169p.
(Pollution Paper No. 8)
Spill cleanup, Oceans
Summary not available.
[from Applied Ecology Abstracts 3(2):*3D1766. 1977]
57
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C-1165-77
A CONTROLLABLE SORBENT BROADCASTER
Der, J. J. 1976.
U.S. Patent Application AD-D003 269/8.
Spill recovery, Absorption, Design and engineering, Patent,
*Sorbent broadcaster
An apparatus is described which can effectively broadcast oil
absorbent material over an oil slick at a controlled rate. The
device consists of a rotating cylinder of wire mesh connected
to an endless belt with compartments that are filled with the
sorbentmaterials. The material is uniformly distributed from
the endless belt into the rotating wire mesh cylinder, from
which it is broadcast over the drop area.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(7):#PAT-APPL-716 916/GA.
1977]
C-1166-77
FLOATING SKIMMER FOR CLEANING THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF LIQUID,
METHOD AND APPARATUS
Gore, D. J. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,970,556
Spill recovery, Skimmers, Contaminants, Design and engineering,
Patent
A manually controlled skimmer for cleaning and removing contami-
nants from the water surface is described and the operation of
the movable weir is discussed in reference to the surface
tension of the water.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(3):#W77-01228. 1977]
3,970,556
FLOATING SKIMMER FOR CLEANING THE SURFACE
OF A BODY OF LIQUID, METHOD AND APPARATUS
Douglas John Gore, 5168 Brookside Lane, Concord, Calif.
94521
Filed Sept. 23, 1974, Ser. No. 508,446
Int. Cl.1 B01D 21100; E02B 15/04
U.S. Cl. 210-83 20 Claims
58
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C-1167-77
MOVING BELT-TYPE OIL SKIMMER WITH PROPULSION INDUCED FLOW,
METHOD AND APPARATUS
Grimes, E. L., and D. W. Lerch. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,992,292
Spill recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering, Patent
"An oil spill recovery method and apparatus employs a low-resis-
tance flow-through endless belt of reticular oleophilic hydro-
phobic material. Water with oil is force-flowed through the
belt through induction effected by propulsion means operating
at a position immediately behind and beneath the submerged active
portion of the belt."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(9):#231,087. 1977]
3,992,292
MOVING BELT-TYPE OIL SKIMMKR WITH
PROPULSION INDUCED FLOW, METHOD AND
APPARATUS
Eldon L. Grimes, and David W. Lerch, both of Seattle, Wash.,
assignors to Marine Construction & Design Co., Seattle,
Wash.
Filed Oct. IS, 1974, Ser. No. 514,814
Int. Cl.2 B01D 15/06; E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210—30 A 9 Claims
C-1168-77
OIL SPILL CLEANUP USING A COTTON SORBENT
Halligan,J. E., A. A. Ball, and G. F. Meenaghan. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-63-76; Contract DOT-CG-42557-A. 144p.
Spill cleanup, Absorption, Disposal, *Cotton sorbent
A sorbent dispersal, retrieval, and disposal system was
developed, using cotton wastes, to combat oil pollution. It is
concluded from the test program that the use of cotton as an oil
spill cleanup agent is viable and that the system was able to
retrieve about 95% of the oil confronted for water velocities
of 0.6 m/sec (2 ft/sec) or less and dispersion ratios of 22.7 + g
(0.05 + Ibs) of cotton per 454 g (1 1b) of oil.
[from Government Reports Announcements 7X8):AD-A034-955/5GA.
1977]
59
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OELA-III SMISS OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Industrial & Municipal Engineering Co. n.d. ,
Industrial & Municipal Engineering Co., P.O. Box 61, Galva, 1L
61434.
Spill recovery, Skinuners, Design and engineering, *Oela-III
skimmer
The Kaiser OELA-III is a compact oil skimmer unit for Protected
waters which can operate in less than 40 cm water depths. The
unit recovers light as well as viscous oils.
C-1170-77
APPARATUS FOR SPILLING RETRIEVAL
Kirk, W. P., and D. VI. Reynolds. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,966,613
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent
A catamaran equipped with a pump, retrieval sheets, forage tank,
and jib crane for recovering oil slicks or spillings from tankers
is described and vessel operation on the open sea is discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstacts 10(3):#W77-01202. 1977]
3,966,613
APPARATUS FOR SPILLING RETRIEVAL
William P. Kirk, 22 Glenhaven Circle, Saco, Maine 04072, and
Dwight W. Reynolds, R.F.D. 1, Box 49, Pownal, Maine
04069
Filed Jan. 22, 1975, Ser. No. 543,170
int. CM E02B 15104
V.S. Cl. 210-242 7 Claims
60
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C-1171-77
OIL ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND METHOD OF OIL REMOVAL
Langlois, R. E. and C. R. Morrison. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,006,079
Spill recovery* Absorption, Patent, *Glass fiber blankets
Oil spills are absorbed and removed with elongated, floating
blankets of nonwoven, discontinuous glass fibers. The blankets
absorb more than 30 times their weight in oil and are coated with
a high-strength binder and a hydrophobic-oleophilic silicone
material to increase absorption. The oil-soaked blankets are
strong enough to be pulled lengthwise off the water surface.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#127067h. 1977]
4,006,079
OIL ABSORBENT MATERIAL AND METHOD OF OIL
REMOVAL
Roland E. Langlois, and Charles R. Morrison, both of Newark,
Ohio, assignors to Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation,
Toledo, Ohio
Filed May 16, 1975, Ser. No. 578,239
Int. Cl.1 C02B 9/02
U.S. Cl. 210—36 I Claim
C-1172-77
HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS IN OIL-SPILL CONTROL AND REMOVAL
Leibovich, S. 1977.
Journal of Petroleum Technology March:311-324.
Spill containment, Spill cleanup, Models, Booms, Skimmers,
*Hydrodynamic problems
Fluid mechanics problems associated with oil spill containment and
cleanup are mathematically analyzed to provide background informa-
tion useful in the evaluation of spill control techniques and
equipment. Three specific problems discussed are: the vertical
dispersion of oil in turbulent water, the marked steepening of
waves inside oil containment booms, and thickness variations of
oil on waves. Mathematical models which describe the function
of modular weir skimmers, rotating-disk skimmers, and endless
oleophilic belt skimmers are presented.
61
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C-1173-77
OIL ON CANADIAN COASTLINES
Logan, W. J. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(1):11-12.
Environmental effects, Spill cleanup, Coasts, Restoration, Canada
Several regional and detailed coastline studies undertaken by the
Canada Environmental Protection Service are announced. The major
study is entitled, "Coastal Environments of Canada: the Impacts
and Cleanup of Oil Spills." This report divides the Canada
coastline into 34 coastal environments for each of which possible
oil spill impacts are assessed and spill response, cleanup, and
restoration methods are outlined.
C-1174-77
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING LIQUIDS FLOATING ON THE
SURFACE OF ANOTHER LIQUID
Makaya, S. 1976.
French Patent 2,310,448
Spill cleanup, Skimmers, Oil-water separation, Patent
A process for collecting a liquid floating on the surface of
another liquid is described. The floating material such as
spilled oil enters the tank where it is separated into a layer;
the lower liquid layer, water, is then pumped out of the tank.'
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(22):#233,870. 1977]
C-1175-77
PARTICLES FOR, AND METHOD OF, REDUCING OIL POLLUTION ON WATER
Marconi, W., N. Oddo, and L. Degen. 1977.
British Patent 1,461,577
Biodegradation, Oil slicks, Spill cleanup, Microorganisms,
Patent, *Nutrient particles
A method for enhancing the microbial degradation of oil slicks
is described, wherein nutrients such as ammonium salts, nitrates,
and phosphates are contained in or adsorbed onto inert floating
particles. The particles consist of paraffin and are dispersed
over the floating pollutant.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(11)-.#231,309. 1977]
62
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C-l176-77
OIl-AND FAT-ABSORBING POLYMERS
Marsh, H. E., Jr. 1976.
U.S. Patent Application 674,700
Spill recovery, Absorption, Patent, *Absorbent polymers
"Lightly-crosslinked, solvent extracted, urethane polymers and
natural rubbers were prepared which had oil-absorbing capabili-
ties > 900% and which showed potential in the control of oil
spills in waterways."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):91064p. 1977]
C-1177-77
PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF NOVEL PRODUCTS AND THEIR USE IN
CONTROLLING POLLUTION BY OILY PRODUCTS
Martineau, J., and F. J. Biechler. 1977.
Canadian Patent 1,003,341
Spill recovery, Absorption, Skimmers, Patent, *Absorbent powder
A method of controlling oil pollution of water is described
which involves contacting floating oil with a powdered substance
so as to form a paste which is removed by skimming. The powder
consists of a chromium complex chemically anchored to particles
of a metallic aluminosilicate. The preparation of this powder
is detailed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,332. 1977]
C-1178-77
THE HYDROVAC OIL-SPILL RECOVERY VESSEL
McDermott, P. 1976.
Ship & Boat International 29(2):29-30.
Spill recovery, Oil-water separation, Design and engineering
The oil salvage barge features continuous onboard separation of
the salvaged oil-water mix, with the excess water being pumped
overboard sheen-free. Two pumps have a total 200 tons/hour
suction capacity with equivalent oil delivery capacity. System
control is automatic, giving an hourly processing capacity of
100 tons of water-free oil when recovering a continuous 5 mm
thick oil layer.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00638. 1977]
63
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C-1179-77
RIGGING SYSTEM FOR AN ENDLESS OIL MOP
McLellan C. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,990,975
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent, *0il mop
rigging system
The rigging system allows an endless oil mop rope driven through
a motorized wringer mechanism to make multiple oil collecting
passes over and through an oil spill or oil slick from the deck
of a vessel.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(9) :#231,083. 1977]
3,990,975
RIGGING SYSTEM FOR AN ENDLESS OIL MOP
Charles McLellan, Slidell, La., assignor lo Oil Mop Inc., Belle
Chasse, La.
Filed Aug. 4, 1975, Ser. No. 601,934
Int. CI.2 E02B IS/04
U.S. CI. 210—242 AS 3 Claims
C-1180-77
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR REMOVING A LIGHT SUBSTANCE FLOATING ON
THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID, AND IN PARTICULAR PETROLEUM FLOATING ON
THE SURFACE OF WATER
Middelbeek, C. G. 1976.
French Patent 2,306,306
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent, *Guided jet
"This apparatus for removing and collecting oil spilled on the
surface of water consists of a guided element attached at its
top to a guide and through which a fluid jet is projected.
The guided element extends downward into the water and guides
the jet just above the pollutant layer. The pollutant is then
recovered."
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,318. 1977]
64
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C-1181-77
STUDIES OF THE REMOVAL OF OILY SOIL BY ROLLING-UP IN DETERGENCY.
PT. 2. ON BINARY SOIL SYSTEMS CONSISTING OF OLEIC ACID AND LIQUID
PARAFFIN
Ogino, K., and K. Shigemura. 1976.
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 49(11):3236-3238.
Soil, Contamination, *0il removal, *Detergents
The rolling-up mechanism of oily soil from the surface of a
polypropylene (PP) sheet in an aqueous solution of sodium
dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) was studied by observing the
contact angle (e). The time required to remove the oily soil
from the PP sheet by rolling-up became shorter .with the increase
in the liquid paraffin content of the mixture. The oily soil
with binary components was more easily removed from the substrate
than a single-component oily soil.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(17) :#232,876. 1977]
C-1182-77
OIL OR ORGANIC SOLVENT-ABSORBENT
Omori, A., I. Okamura, T. Imoto, and T. Katoh. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,966,597
Spill cleanup, Waste oil, Absorption, Rivers, Seawater, Patent
An oil or organic solvent-absorbent is described for absorbing
or removing oils from the sea or rivers and for removing waste
oils discharged from industrial effluents.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(3):#W77-01200. 1977]
3,966,597
OIL OR ORGANIC SOLVENT-ABSORBENT
Aklra Omori; Isao Okamura; Tadasi Imoto, all of Sagamihara,
and Takayuki Katoh, Tokyo, all of Japan, assignors to Teljin
Limited, Osalin, Japan
Continuatlon-ln-part of Scr. No. 360,534, May 15, 1973,
abandoned, which Is a continualfon-fn-part of Ser. No.
136,511, April 22,1971, abandoned. This application Dec. 5,
1974, Ser. No. 529,907
Claims priority, application Japan, July 28,1970,45-65893
Int. Cl.1 B01D 15102; B29D 27/00,- B32B 31114
U.S. Cl. 210—39 27 Claims
65
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C-1183-77
COMPOSITION FOR REMOVAL OF IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS FROM WATER SURFACES
AND LAKE BEDS
Peterson, E. C. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,980,566
Spill recovery, Adsorption, Patent
Immiscible fluids such as oil spills are removed from the surface
of water by placing an adsorbent compound on the water surface
in contact with the spilled fluid and maintaining contact until
the immiscible fluid is adsorbed. The adsorbent compound consists
of a mixture of about 30-70% by weight lead slag mineral wool with
the balance being a finely divided natural stone substance
containing iron, aluminum, and magnesium oxides.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(8):#W77-03870. 1977]
C-1184-77
APPARATUS FOR CLEANING POLLUTED WATER
Rafael, J. 1976.
British Patent 1,449,901
Skimmers, Ships, Design and engineering, Patent, *Wave damping
device
An oil-skimming ship is described which can clean up oil in up
to moderate swell conditions. In the bow of the ship, a
floating body damps oncoming waves and thus allows the skimming
of floating oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78286t. 1977]
C-1185-77
SELECTION CRITERIA AND LABORATORY EVALUATION OF OIL SPILL SORBENTS
Robertson, L. A., M. F. Fingas, and L. B. Solsberg. (eds.). 1976.
Technology development report, EPS-4-EC-76-5. 53p.
Crude oil, Spill recovery, Absorption, Design and engineering,
*Sorbents
Twenty oil spill sorbents were studied in terms of desirable
performance and operational criteria using a Canadian western
crude oil. Maximum sorbent capacity was correlated and compared
with the viscosity of the oil recovered. The synthetic polymeric
sorbents were found to exhibit the highest oil pick-up capacities
and oil/water ratios.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(6):#W77-02769. 1977]
66
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C-1186-77
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OF FLOTATION MATERIAL
Rovel, J. M. 1977.
Canadian Patent 1,003,582
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Oil-water separation,
Patent
The apparatus consists of a network of vertical partitions which
are in a horizontal plane at the upper edge and create a large
number of vertical passages. Means are provided of overflow to
maintain constant the level of the liquid so that the network is
in the area occupied by the flotation material. A collection
system for the surface layer is provided in the immediate
vicinity of the network.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(16):#232,471. 1977]
C-1187-77
MINERALS ENRICHED IN IRON AND NICKEL FROM ASBESTOS MINE WASTES
Santt, R. 1976.
French Demande 2,294,994
Spill cleanup, Dispersions, Patent, *Asbestos mine wastes
Asbestos mine mineral wastes are processed to separate Fe-and
Ni-containing parts; the remaining fines, particle size < lOOy,
are used as aqueous dispersions or gels to clean up oil slicks
from sea water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#124811k. 1977]
C-1188-77
TESTS OF THE ARCTIC BOAT CONFIGURATION OF THE LOCKHEED CLEAN
SWEEP OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM IN A BROKEN ICE FIELD
Schultz, L. A. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-108-76; Contract DOT-CG-51487-A. 85p.
Spill recovery, Skimmers, Crude oil, Freshwater, Ice, Arctic,
*Lockheed Cleanup Sweep
Tests of the Lockheed Model R2003 "Arctic Boat" spill recovery
device under simulated arctic conditions indicate that although
in the Arctic Boat configuration the oil recovery rate and
efficiency is improved, the performance of the unit is highly
dependent on operating conditions.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(5):#AD-A032 832/8GA.
1977]
67
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C-1189-77
SLURP ADJUSTABLE WEIR OIL SKIMMER (product information)
Seaward International, Inc. n.d.
Seaward International, Inc., 6289 Leesburg Pike. Falls Church,
VA 22044
Spill recovery, Skimmers, Design and engineering, *SLURP weir
skimmer
The SLURP (Self Leveling Unit for Removing Pollution) is designed
for removing floating oil layers from protected waters. The unit
is lightweight, compact, corrosion-resistant and has no moving
parts; the degree of weir immersion is remotely controlled from
a pump. SLURP has a draft of only 13 cm (5") for the aluminum
model, 25 cm (10") for the steel model, and operates in both
smooth and choppy water.
C-1190-77
PROCESS FOR REMOVING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM SOLID OR LIQUID
SURFACES
Stein, C., and A. Marbach. 1976.
French Patent 2,288,709
Spill recovery, Petroleum products, Patent, *Adhesive polymer
film
Oil on water or on the surface of solids is removed by contacting
the oil with a finely divided polymer capable of forming with
the petroleum products a film sufficiently resistant so that it
can be pulled off the polluted surface by mechanical means.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,328. 1977]
C-1191-77
POLYURETHANE FOAM WITH IMPROVED OIL ABSORPTION
Sumikura, T., H. Tenada, and S. Kaneko. 1976.
Japanese Patent 76 27,710
Emulsions, Absorption, Patent, *Polyurethane foam chips
Foam chips prepared from foamed polyurethane compounds containing
an anhydrous metal sulfate such as Na2S04 or Al2(S04)3 effectively
absorb emulsified oils.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(11):#70551e. 1977]
68
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C-1192-77
OIL ADSORBENT
Takahashi, K., and Y. Okochi. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,111,494
Adsorption, Patent, *Polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foams having continuous cell structure were treated
with a methyl hydrogen polysiloxane emulsion to yield an effective
oil adsorbent material. In a test, the material adsorbed nearly
Ig oil/cm3 foam.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(10):#56449w. 1977]
C-1193-77
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF OIL POLLUTION UPON MARINE
ORGANISMS - II. LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF OIL-SPILL EMULSIFIER
COMPONENTS FOR MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
Tokuda, H. 1977.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 43(1):
103-106.
Solvents, Surfactants, Toxicity, Emulsifiers, Phytoplankton
The lethal concentrations of solvents and non-ionic surfactants
used as oil-spill emulsifiers were determined for two species of
marine phytoplankton by culture experiments. The toxicity of
petroleum solvents was dependent on their aromatic content. The
surfactants with hydrophobic groups such as alkylphenol and
secondary alcohol were highly toxic; the ester types were less
toxic than the ether types.
C-1194-77
ICE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED CONTAINMENT AND REMOVAL OF
SPILLED OIL ON ST. CLAIR AND DETROIT RIVERS
Tsang, G. 1975.
Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Scientific Series No. 56. 30p.
Spill containment, Spill recovery, Rivers, Ice, Booms, Canada,
*St. Clair and Detroit rivers
A method is examined for dealing with oil spills on the St. Clair
and Detroit rivers during ice conditions which may interfere with
spill containment and removal operations. Dynamic analysis is
suggested for the design of ice and oil booms, and equations for
the design of booms under specific conditions are given. Surface
skimming by high-volume pumping for removal of oil and oil-
frazil ice mixtures is discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):IW77-01802. 1977]
69
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C-1195-77
FLEXIBLE CONCENTRATOR FOR THE RECOVERY OF POLLUTING LIQUIDS
FLOATING ON THE SURFACE OF A BODY OF WATER
Vidilles, J. 1976.
French Patent 2,303,120
Spill recovery, Design and engineering, Patent, *Flexible
floating pipe
A flexible floating pipe is described which concentrates and
recovers oil spills or other immiscible liquids floating on
water. The pipe is oriented perpendicular to the direction of
the current and has entry openings parallel to the water
surface.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,329. 1977]
C-1196-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD OF REMOVING DEBRIS FLOATING ON A BODY OF
WATER
Wilson, D. E. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,983,034
Spill cleanup, Skimmers, Booms, Design and engineering, Patent
An apparatus for skimming oil spills from the water surface
consists of three adjustably buoyant pontoons, one located in
each of the corners of a triangle made up of interconnecting
structural members. At the base of the triangle is the skimmer
mouth sloping upwards towards a sump. Two pontoons on each
side of the sloped mouth guide the oil slick into the skimmer.
Once there the slick flows over a self-adjusting weir into a
sump.
3,983,034
APPARATUS AND METHOD OF REMOVING DEBRIS
FLOATING ON A BODY OF WATER
Donald E. Wilson, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, assignor to Chev-
ron Research Company, San Francisco, Calif.
Continuation of Ser. No. 410,122, Nov. 26, 1973, abandoned.
This application Jan. 3, 1975, Ser. No. 538,494
Int. Cl.! E02B 15104
U.S. Cl. 210-73 W 9 Claims
70
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3. RESTORATION
C-1197-77
NEW TECHNIQUE FOR OILED BIRDS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(6):3.
Restoration, Birds, Oil spills, Solvents
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds rehabilitation
program for oiled birds is presented. A bird can be cleaned
using a solvent and released within a few days provided the
feathers have been aligned properly. It is believed that the
bird's natural oil has less to do with buoyancy and insulation
than once thought. If the feathers can be restored, the bird
has a good chance of survival.
C-1198-77
TO SAVE A BIRD, PREVENT A SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Audubon 79(2):160.
Restoration, Birds, Oil spills, Contamination, Torrey Canyon,
Olympic Games spill
Efforts to save oiled waterfowl after the "Olympic Games and
"Torrey Canyon" tanker oil spills are reviewed and requirements
for bird survival during rehabilitation are discussed. It is
essential that specific food requirements of each species be
met and proper cleaning and handling by volunteers are achieved
in order to maximize the survival of the birds.
C-1199-77
OILY BIRDS
Grant , D. 1977.
Underwater Naturalist 10(2):18-19.
Restoration, Birds, Olympic Games spill , Personnel training,
An account is given of the rescue and rehabilitation of oiled
waterfowl along the Delaware-New Jersey coast after the "Olympic
Games" oil spill in December, 1976. Treatment procedures for
cleaning the birds are given and the lack of trained personnel
in the rehabilitation effort is discussed.
71
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4. OIL TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
C-1200-77
UNITED STATES (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):53.
Oil spills, Tankers, Legislation, Pollution prevention, U.S.
The Sierra Club and eight other U.S. environmental groups have
called for new legislation for oil-tanker safety as a direct
result of the "Argo Merchant" oil spill. The organizations are
calling for specific design, construction and equipment features
to reduce oil spillage and are criticizing the U.S. Coast Guard
for failing to adhere to the 1972 U.S. Ports and Waterways Act.
C-1201-77
OIL FROM MERCHANT SHIPS (news brief)
Bourne, W. R. P. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(4):75.
Oil discharges, Harbors, Oceans, Ships, *Merchant ships
The author points out that merchant shipping should not be
forgotten as a source of oil pollution in harbors and at sea.
It has been recorded that merchant ships are known to pump
excess oil in their tanks overboard when preparing to enter
dock for inspection, and any remaining oil is then likely to
be discarded into the bilges which are pumped out when the
vessel leaves port.
C-1202-77
PUGET SOUND SWEATS OUT GROWING TANKER TRAFFIC (news brief)
Browning, R. J. 1977.
National Fisherman 57(11):3A,26A.
Oil transport, Tankers, Oil spills, Legislation, Puget Sound,
Washington
Background information is provided on the possibility of oil
tanker traffic in Puget Sound, and recent legislation banning
movement of tankers of more than 125,000 dwt in the Strait of
Juan de Fuca is discussed. Oil spill projections over the
next 20 years are outlined for Washington.
72
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C-1203-77
IMPACT OF THE TRANSPORTATION OF PETROLEUM OF THE WATERS ON THE
NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC OCEAN
Clark, R. C., Jr. 1976.
Marine Fisheries Review 38(11):20-26.
Oil transport, Oil discharges, Sources, Fate, Biological effects,
Marine organisms, Fisheries, Pacific Ocean
The sources of oil pollution, the chemical, physical and biological
fate of oil, and the potential effects of increased tanker traffic
or marine resources of the northeastern Pacific Ocean are discussed.
C-1204-77
ARCTIC ADAPTS - ENGINEERING ANALYSIS, PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND
TESTING
Clarke, M. L., D. W. Durfee, and S. H. Shaw. 1976.
Final report, USCG-D-123-76; Contract DOT-C651864A. 161p.
Oil transfer, Ships, *Pumps, Design and engineering, Arctic,
*ADAPTS
ADAPTS is a portable pumping system consisting of a diesel/hydraulic
power supply and a hydraulic motor-powered axial flow, submersible
turbine pump expressly built by the Coast Guard for off-loading
damaged tank ships. An engineering study to analyze the feasibility
of using the ADAPTS pumping systems in an arctic environment is
presented.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#AD-A035 916/6GA. 1977]
C-1205-77
IMPLICATIONS OF THE U.S. COAST GUARD SEGREGATED BALLAST RETROFIT
RULING ON IMPORT ALTERNATIVES AND POLLUTION OF THE MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Dayton, R., F. Daniels, L. Stoehr, and J. Kirkland. 1976.
Final report, ORI-TR-1096, USCG-M-06-77; Contract N00014-76-C-
0918. 128p.
Pollution control, Tankers, Segregated ballast, Regulations,
USCG, Cost analysis, Environmental protection
This study was undertaken to estimate the economic costs and
environmental benefits to be derived from implementing the
USCG regulation which would require the backfitting of segregated
ballast tanks on all tankers engaged in importing oil to the U.S.
and to examine the economic feasibility of alternative oil
importing schemes which could circumventthe proposed regulation.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(7):#AD-A034 840/9GA.
1977]
73
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C-1206-77
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE MILFORD HAVEN EXPERIENCE FOR NEW OIL
TERMINALS
Dicks, B. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.67-79. Institute of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil transfer, Ports, Environmental effects, Oil discharges, Marine
organisms, UK, *Milford Haven
To illustrate some of the special characteristics of Mil ford
Haven and come of the differences between this port and other
development sites, a brief comparison is made of Milford Haven
with two potential development areas: Sullom Voe and the
Cromarty Firth. A number of coincidental factors have contributed
toward keeping Milford Haven clean. If these factors are dupli-
cated or fully understood and taken into account at new sites,
then a wide range of experience, in terms of port management and
effects of development on shore life, become applicable to these
areas. If not, extrapolation of the Milford Haven experience to
new oil terminals is regarded as dangerous.
C-1207-77
A METHOD TO ESTIMATE THE POLLUTION RISK AND COST OF DCS OIL
TRANSPORTATION
Donovan, L. J., and 0. J. Owen, III. 1977.
Journal of Petroleum Technology, June:639-648.
Oil transport, DCS, Oil spills, Economics, Storage,Tankers,
Pipelines, Oil tanks, Gulf of Alaska, *Risk analysis
A method is presented for combining best available economic and
spill risk data into a format useful in making rational decisions
about the transport of oil from the Gulf of Alaska to the U.S.
West Coast. Separate oil spill risk analyses are presented for
oil transport by tankers, pipelines and storage facilities
including onshore storage, offshore floating tanks and ocean-
floor tanks. Tanker transport is analyzed by a simulation model.
C-1208-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/488, FES 76-2. 304p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, *Salt domes,
*Tank farms, *Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The potential environmental impacts of implementing the Strategic
Petroleum Reserve program are assessed. This involves the securing
74
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of nearly 500 million bbl of oil in long-term storage facilities,
such as salt domes and tank farms, as a national reserve against
the possible interruption of foreign oil imports. Further study
is recommended of the feasibility of offshore and onshore salt
domes excavation, the substitution of seawater for fresh water in
onshore salt-dome excavation, and the reuse of waste brines from
injection aquifers for oil displacement during emptying of salt-
dome storage cavities.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,853. 1977]
C-1209-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE: BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/501, FES-76-5.
595p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Louisiana,
*Bayou Choctaw Salt Dome
The Bayou Choctaw site, a salt dome with existing cavities
located in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, has been selected as a
candidate site for the proposed storage of crude oil because it
offers the advantage of large storage capacity, easy access to
the distribution network, and a short preparation period. This
site-specific EIS assesses the environmental impacts caused by
site preparation and operation.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,854. 1977]
C-1210-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. BRYAN MOUND SALT DOME.
Federal Energy Administration. 1977.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/502, FES 76/77-6.
542p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Oil transport,
Water quality, *Bryan Mound Salt Domes
Construction and preparation of storage cavities, dock facilities,
and pipelines would degrade water quality by increasing the
amount of suspended particulates, toxic sulfides, heavy metals,
arsenic, and toxic hydrocarbons. Crude oil loading, unloading
and transportation operations create the risk of oil spills which
have the potential to disrupt the aquatic ecosystem and would
cause evaporative hydrocarbon emission which would temporarily
exceed the federal standard.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,856. 1977]
75
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C-1211-77
STRATEGIC .PETROLEUM RESERVE. CENTRAL ROCK MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/489, DES 76-9.
460p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Water quality,
Oil spills, Kentucky, *Central Rock Mine
This site-specific environmental impact statement assesses the
environmental parameters for the Central Rock, Kentucky, Early
Storage Reserve site. Adverse impacts include degradation of
surface water quality due to sedimentation from runoff and
erosion during pipeline construction, a moderate increase in
hydrocarbon emissions during transfer and temporary storage of
oil in the Tates Creek storage tanks, and the potential for an
increase in the frequency of oil spills along transportation
corridors. Changes in water quality would have a short-term
impact on the aquatic organisms in local areas and could result
in significant sedimentation in a downstream impoundment.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,850. 1977]
C-1212-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. COTE BLANCHE MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1977.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-77/016, FES 76/77-7.
746p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Water quality,
Oil spills, Louisiana, *Cote Blanch Mine
This site specific environmental impact statement assesses the
Cote Blanche salt mine in St. Mary Parish, Louisiana, for the
proposed storage of oil. Adverse impacts to the environment
include degradation of surface water quality due to erosion from
runoff during construction and dredging activities, increase in
hydrocarbon emissions during the filling of petroleum carrying
vessels, and the potential for an increase in the frequency of
oil spills along transportation corridors. Changes in water
quality would have a short-term impact on the local aquatic
organisms.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#23T,857. 1977]
76
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C-1213-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. IRONTON MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/490, DES 76-10.
494p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Water quality,
Oil spills, Ohio, *Ironton Mine
This site-specific environmental impact statement assesses the
environmental parameters for the Ironton, Ohio, Early Storage
Reserve Site. Adverse impacts include degradation of surface
water quality due to sedimentation from runoff and erosion during
pipeline construction, and the potential for an increase in the
frequency of oil spills along transportation corridors. Changes
in water quality would have a short-term impact on the local
aquatic organisms. No signficant adverse socio-economic effects
have been identified.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,851. 1977]
C-1214-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. KLEER MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1977.
Draft environmental impact statement, FEA/S-77/003, DES 77-2.
556p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Water quality,
Oil spills, Texas, *Kleer Mine
This site-specific environmental impact statement assesses the
environmental parameters for the Kleer Mine, Texas, Early
Storage Reserve Site. Adverse impacts include degradation of
surface water quality due to sedimentation from runoff and erosion
during pipeline construction, a moderate increase in hydrocarbon
emissions during transfer and temporary storage of oil in Winnsboro
storage tanks, locally significant increases in hydrocarbon
emissions during transport of oil from the Gulf of Mexico to
Winnsboro Terminal, and the potential for an increase in the
frequency of oil spills along the transportation corridors.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,852. 1977]
C-1215-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. WEEKS ISLAND MINE
Federal Energy Administration. 1977.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-77/017, FES 76/77-8.
742p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Water Quality,
Oil spills, Louisiana, *Weeks Island Mine
This site specific environmental impact statement assesses the
Weeks Island salt mine in Iberia Parish, Louisiana, for the
77
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proposed storage of crude oil. Adverse impacts to the environment
include degradation of surface water quality due to erosion from
runoff during construction and dredging activities, increase in
hydrocarbon emissions during the filling of petroleum-carrying
vessels, and the potential for an increase in the frequency of
oil spills along transportation corridors. Changes in water
quality would have a short-term impact on the local aquatic
organisms.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(3):#231,858. 1977]
C-1216-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE. WEST HACKBERRY SALT DOME
Federal Energy Administration. 1977.
Final environmental impact statement, FEA/S-76/503, FES 76/77-4.
615p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, EIS, Oil transport,
Water quality, *West Hackberry Salt Dome
Construction and preparation of storage cavities, dock facilities,
and pipelines would degrade water quality by increasing the
amount of suspended particulates, toxic sulfides, heavy metals,
arsenic, and toxic hydrocarbons. Crude oil loading, unloading
and transportation operations create the risk of oil spills and
would cause evaporative hydrocarbon emission which would tempo-
rarily exceed the federal standard. Displacement of crude oil
during drawdown operations could cause some surface subsidence
over water-storage areas, slow salt-water encroachment, and
movement of near-surface geologic faults.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,855. 1977]
C-1217-77
STRATEGIC PETROLEUM RESERVE PLAN (PUBLIC LAW 94-163, SECTION 154)
Federal Energy Administration. 1976.
FEA/S-76/45A. 349p.
Crude oil, Storage, Environmental effects, Economic effects, FEA,
*Strategic Petroleum Reserve
The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 requires the FEA
to implement the Strategic Petroleum Reserve in order to mitigate
the economic impacts of any future interruptions of petroleum
imports. One hundred fifty MMB of oil will be stored by 1978 and
five hundred MMB will be stored by 1982 under the program. This
report discusses FEA's plan for developing the Strategic Petroleum
Reserve.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(7):#PB-261 737/1GA- 1977]
78
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C-1218-77
THE VALDEZ CONNECTION
Fradkin, P. L. 1977.
Audubon 79(2) :134-140.
Oil transport, Oil spills, Tankers, Environmental effects, Alaska,
*Valdez Narrows
A discussion of oil tanker traffic and possible oil spills in the
Valdez Narrows, Alaska, is presented. A historical account of
environmental and developmental meetings on oil transport in Arctic
waters is given. It is the opinion of the author that an oil
spill from a tanker disaster is inevitable.
SUPERTANKERS - COMING OR GOING?
Frye, J. 1977.
Sea Frontiers 23(2):76-83.
Tankers, Oil transport, Economics, Oil discharges, Oil spills,
Environmental effects, *Supertankers
The future of VLCC's (very large crude carriers) is in doubt due
to the sharp increases in crude oil prices, reduced demand for
petroleum products, and resulting nonuse of supertankers. The
series of spill disasters has confirmed suspicions in the minds
of some groups that these ships constitute a menace on the seas.
C-1220-77
COOLING OF OIL IN SUNKEN OR DISABLED TANKERS
Graham, 0. W., A. Y. McLean, and M. E. Norwood. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(l):13-22.
Oil transfer, Tankers, Models, *0il cooling rates
Oil is commonly heated to decrease its viscosity and improve its
handling characteristics during transfer operations. This article
reports on a field experiment and computer simulation study of
the cooling rates and behavior of oil in cold water environments.
The computer analysis was applied to the recent "Irving Whale"
and "Argo Merchant" tanker spills and was found to reliably
predict cooling rates of oil in closed vessels surrounded by
cold water.
79
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C-1221-77
EFFECT OF IMCO POLLUTION REGULATIONS ON SHIPPING
IMCO. 1975.
Conference of Marine Media Management Ltd., London, 1974. 26p.
(Institute of Marine Engineers - Transactions Proceedings of
Papers Series B)
Regulations, Pollution prevention, Ships, Monitoring, IMCO
Six papers are presented on the following topics in marine
pollution: a review of current and future pollution regulations;
the facilities required to reduce pollution in ports and rivers;
the disposal of sewage and garbage at sea; the marine application
of monitoring oil in water; and equipment development for inciner-
ation and sewage treatment.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:#14 141401. 1976]
C-1222-77
OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION
Ledbetter, B. G. 1975.
Annual report, Natural Resources and Recreation Agencies, p.57-62.
Oil transfer, Offshore development, Environmental effects, Socio-
economic effects, Cost analysis, Models, Spreading
A study concerned with the feasibility of offshore petroleum
transfer systems in terms of engineering, environmental, economic,
social and jurisdictional factors is presented. Cost benefits,
advantages, and impacts were analyzed and a literature search of
oil spreading models was undertaken.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04359. 1977]
C-1223-77
STUDIES OF OIL SPILLS FROM BLOWOUTS AND BROKEN UNDERWATER PIPELINES
Mundheim, 0. 1976.
Offshore North Sea Technology Conference, Stavanger, Norway, 1976.
Stavanger, Norway, NOROIL Publishing House, 1976. Safety and
Environmental Protection Section, Paper S-lll/3. 27p. Summary.
Oil transport, Pipelines, Oil spills, Leakage, Fate, Spreading,
Evaporation, Models, *Ignition hazards
The results of an analytical study on the fate of oil spillage
from pipelines breaks and leaks in deep water (over 150 m) are
summarized. The first part of the study estimates the rates and
quantities of oil losses from broken pipelines using mathemetical
models. In the second part of the study, the surface behavior
and fate of a pipeline spill are assessed,including predictions
of spreading rates, thickness of slicks, evaporation rates, and
ignition hazards.
80
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C-1224-77
ALASKANS WORRIED AS TIME NEARS FOR INFLUX OF TANKERS (news brief)
Munro, N. 1977.
National Fisherman 57(11):27A.
Oil transport, Tankers, Ports, Oil spills, Environmental effects,
Alaska, *Valdez Narrows
Tanker traffic in the Valdez Narrows, Alaska, is discussed and the
recent decision to send a tanker through the Narrows on a trial run
is outlined. Citizen opposition and environmental effects of a
possible oil spill are presented.
C-1225-77
TEMPORARY STORAGE AND ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF OIL RECOVERED FROM
SPILLS IN ALASKA
Peterson, P. L., R. A. Yano, and M. M. Orgill. 1975.
U.S. Coast Guard report, CG-D-181-75. 239p.
Spill disposal, Storage, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Alaska
Seven representative sites felt to be future areas of high spill
potential are evaluated with respect to storage and disposal of
spills of 100 to 50,000 bbls. Potential adverse effects of the
Alaskan environment on oil spill handling, storage and disposal
are compared to more temperate environments. It was concluded
that all temporary storage should be on land. In-situ burning
was the preferred method of disposal at virtually all sites
evaluated.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3161. 1977]
C-1226-77
"OIL SPILLS: A DILEMMA TO BE RESOLVED (news brief)
Rowland, W. G., Jr., and M. L. Millstone. 1977.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 49(3):357-359.
Argo Merchant spill, Tankers, Safety, Contingency planning,
Liability, USCG, Gulf of Mexico, *Flags of convenience
The "Argo Merchant" oil spill and "flags of convenience" are
discussed with reference to tanker safety and U.S. Coast Guard
responsibilities. Measures to set up a contingency fund along
with liability laws are viewed as a necessity if supertankers
are to be allowed in the Gulf of Mexico.
81
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C-1227-77
THE TRANS-ALASKA PIPELINE AND STRICT LIABILITY FOR OIL POLLUTION
DAMAGE
Stone, A. G. 1975.
Urban Law Annual 9:179-201.
Pipelines, Development, Environmental effects, Oil spills,
Legislation, Liability, Alaska
The development and environmental effects of the Alaskan pipeline
are examined in light of the 1973 Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authoriza-
tion Act. The Act's inclusion of strict liability for damage
caused by oil pollution and a proposed general adoption of strict
liability for all oil transportation and storage are discussed.
The environmental problems raised include damage to the permafrost,
the earthquake risk, and the impact of oil spills in arctic waters
resulting in bird and fish destruction.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(10):#W77-04907. 1977]
5. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
C-1228-77
OIL EMULSION REMOVAL
(Amchem Products, Inc.) 1976.
Australian Patent 478,697
Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Patent, *Demulsification
An oil emulsion removal process consists of the following:
removing the oil emulsion from objects by contacting them with
a solution of wash water and demulsifier, thereby providing a
turbulent mixture; collecting this mixture containing demulsifier
for breaking the oil emulsion to separate oil; removing the
separated oil from the wash water in a quiescent stage; and
recycling the wash water and demulsifier.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(18):#233,092. 1977]
82
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C-1229-77
EMULSION BREAKING PROGRAMS RECOVER VALUABLE OIL, REDUCE POLLUTION
(product information)
Anon. 1977.
Pacific Oil World 70(5):36-37.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Sludge
A bulletin published by NALCO Chemical Company explains how
treatment of oily wastewater and wastewater emulsions can improve
oil-water separation, reduce sludge volumes and improve effluent
quality. The publication, Bulletin PC-1, entitled "Reduce
Pollution, Recover Oil with NALCO Emulsion Breaking Programs,"
is available from NALCO Chemical Company, 2901 Butterfield Rd.,
Oak Brook, IL 60521.
C-1230-77
MACHINE TREATS WASTEWATER IN CAPACITIES TO 5,000 GPM (product
information)
Anon. 1977.
Oil and Gas Journal 75(17):198.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Design
and engineering
Emulsified oils and solids are removed from water by forced
aeration in the "Hydrocleaner" wastewater treatment machine.
The machines are available in 190-19,000 1/min (50 to 5000 gal/
min) capacities, handle wastewaters containing up to 5000 ppm
oil, usually discharge less than 10 ppm oil, and use half the
power of other machines. FFI contact WEMCO Division, Envirotech
Corporation, P.O. Box 15619, Sacramento, CA 95813.
C-1231-77
NEW BREAKTHROUGH IN RECOVERING OIL FROM WATER (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(3):27.
Oil-water separation, Design and engineering
The RDS oil-water separator recovers and separates oil from oily
water mixtures. Designed by Marine Construction and Design Co.
(MARCO), Seattle, WA, the system permits ultra-small oil droplets
to rise and to separate for recovery and reduces the total oil
content to 10 ppm or less.
83
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C-1232-77
NRL RESEARCHERS DEVELOP SYSTEMS TO DEMULSIFY, OILY WASTE (news
brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(3):37-38.
Waste oil treatment, Emulsions, Bilges, Oil tanks, Spill recovery,
*Demulsifying agents
A new pair of chemical agents for use in demulsifying oily waste
found in ship bilges, fuel tanks, and oil spills have been developed
by the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). This system
could be used to remove water from recovered oil during spill
recovery operations; thus fewer oil transport barges would be
required.
C-1233-77
OIL/WATER SEPARATORS HAVE MANY USES (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Pacific Oil World 70(3):47.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Ships, Refineries,
Design and engineering
General Electric's Oil/Water Separators are designed to clean
oily wastewater, to reclaim the oil, and provide an environmentally
suitable effluent. Operation and maintenance costs are minimal
since the separators utilize patented coalescing plates, require
no filters, and are fully automatic. Oil/Water Separators are
available for both shipboard and industrial applications.
C-1234-77
ULTRAFILTRATION DEVELOPMENT AIDS WASTE OIL DISPOSAL
Anon. 1976.
Water and Pollution Control 114(12):34.
Waste oil disposal, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Filtration
A simple and economic system for separating oil-water emulsions
into oil concentrate and clean water at up to 13,600 I/day
(3,600 gal/day) is described. The process forces oily effluent
through a semi permeable membrane that holds back oil and transmits
only clean water. The oil concentration is increased up to about
50% and the oil concentrate is removed for incineration or
refining.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02516. 1977]
84
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C-1235-77
AFL INDUSTRIES ... ANSWERS TO INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER POLLUTION
(product information)
AFL Industries, n.d.
AFL Industries, 1149 Howard Drive, West Chicago, IL 60185
Oil-water separation, Wastewaters, Inland, Skimmers, Design and
engineering, *AFL Industries
A 38-page brochure describes the company's line of oil-water
separation equipment for land-based applications. Items include
a series of API gravity differential separators of 40-2800 1/min
(10-750 gal/min) flow rates, and ancillary products such as
automatic skimmers, rotary pipe skimmers, and polishing pack
separators,
C-1236-77
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS FROM PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
[in Russian]
Amosov, V. A., A. G. ZiVberman, E. I. Kucheryavykh, E. I.
Sorkin, L. Ya. Tsarik, S. A. Eppel, V. E. Timoshek, and I. P.
Titov. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (ll):26-28.
Petrochemicals, Wastewater treatment, pH control, Oxidation,
Flotation, Coagulation
Petrochemical wastewaters were purified by a number of described
processes, including pH adjustment, aeration-oxidation, foam
flotation and electro-coagulation. Results are presented and
compared.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110750c. 1977]
C-1237-77
PURIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS CONTAINING OILS AND HYDROCARBON
EMULSIONS IN WATER
Askienazy, A., V. Ken, J. C. Masson, and J. Lemarquand. 1976.
French Demande 2,284,566
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, pH control,
Patent, *Zn salts
Oil-in-water emulsions are broken by adding a Zn salt at pH 7-8
to the wastewater. The amount of salt added depends on the
quantity of hydrocarbons or oil in the water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126811 j. 1977]
85
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C-1238-77
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK
Azad, H. S. (ed.)- n.d.
New York, McGraw-Hill. 800p.
Wastewater treatment, Oil industry, Petrochemicals, Refineries,
Pollution control, Manuals
Water pollution control problems faced by six specific industries
and their sub-industries, including the petroleum and petrochemical
industry, are covered in detail. Data, materials, preventive
measures and solutions are described for each industry.
[from Chemical Engineering 84(12):41. 1977]
C-1239-77
CONCENTRATION OF OILY AND LATEX WASTEWATERS USING ULTRAFILTRATION
INORGANIC MEMBRANES
Bansal, I. K. 1976.
Industrial Water Engineering 13(5):6-11.
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Filtration, Economics,
*Ultrafiltration membrane
The performance of an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane made up of
thin inorganic layers deposited on the inside of porous carbon
tubes was assessed under laboratory and pilot conditions. Both
waste oil emulsions and dilute latex wastewaters were tested.
UF systems alone effectively concentrated waste oil emulsions to
£ 25%; additional acid treatment raised this to 70% oil. The
membrane effectively rejected between 99.50 and 99.99% oil. The
economics of UF treatment are favorable compared to oily waste-
water disposal at present hauling rates.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02443. 1977]
C-1240-77
WASTE TREATMENT ADVANCES; FLUID BED INCINERATION OF WASTES;
FLUOSOLIDS REACTOR SYSTEMS
Becker, K. P., and C. J. Wall. 1976.
Chemical Engineering Progress 72(10):61-68.
Sludge, Refineries, Incineration, Disposal, Design and
engineering, *Fluid bed incineration
Fluid bed incineration of six petroleum refinery wastes is
detailed and reaction mechanisms for sludges undergoing this
type of disposal are given. Three different systems of
FluosoTids Reactors are illustrated and discussed.
86
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C-1241-77
PURIFICATION OF WASTES FROM CATALYST PRODUCTION IN PETROLEUM
REFINERIES [in Russian]
Blagodarnaya, L. F., and M. 6. Dyuzhakin. 1976.
Khimiya i Teknologiya Topliv i Masel (11):28-30.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries
"After pretreatment or settling, the waters were treated physico-
chemical ly and then biochemically. Alternately, the concentration
of suspended and ether-soluble matter was decreased by mixing
wastes from catalyst manufacture and chemical purification and
settling in a settling homogenization tank."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110752e. 1977]
C-1242-77
BASIC CONCEPTS OF METHODS FOR PREDICTING THE COMPOSITION OF
WASTE WATER DISCHARGED INTO A BODY OF WATER [in Russian]
Bolotina, 0. T. 1976.
Vodnye Resursy (5):141-152.
Wastewater treatment, Disposal, Contaminants, Petroleum products
A prediction of the composition of discharged wastewaters is
based on: (1) a wastewater treatment sequence consisting of
sedimentation, biological treatment and filtration-adsorption-
disinfection; and (2) prescribed efficiencies of contaminant
removal for each stage of the treatment sequence. Contaminants
considered in this prediction include suspended matter, COD,
petroleum products, biodegradable surfactants, resistant
surfactants and phenols.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95495c. 1976]
C-1243-77
PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR ELIMINATING OIL FROM WATER CONTAMINATED
WITH OIL
Bruadribb, M. P., R. C. Pitkethly, and M. W. Tideswell. 1976.
French Patent 2,292,676.
Wastewater treatment, Petroleum products, Filtration, Coalescence,
Design and engineering, Patent
An apparatus for purifying water that contains oil or petroleum
products is described. It consists of a chamber with an inlet
and two outlets which contains several beds of particulate
matter spaced between perforated plates. After liquid passes
through the granular beds it enters a decantation zone where
the oil is removed.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,320. 1977]
87
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C-1244-77
TREATMENT OF LUBRICATING OILS CONTAMINATED WITH WATER AND SOLIDS
Busch, F. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,507,270
Waste oil treatment, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Patent
"The contaminated oil was intimately mixed with 0.01%-1% Ba-, Pb-,
or basic Ba-dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate in the form of a 50% oily
solution, and allowed to settle for 8-16 hrs at 70-80°. The oil
was separated from the aqueous phase and used again."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#92970t. 1977]
C-1245-77
COALESCENCE OF EMULSIFIED OILY WASTEWATER BY FIBROUS BEDS
Chieu, J.-N., E. F. Gloyna, and R. S. Schechter. 1975.
Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, 30th, 1975.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence
The feasibility of fibrous bed coalescers to separate emulsified
oil from industrial waste streams was investigated while varying
influent oil concentration, flow rate and bed depth. Three
coalescing media and 4 types of oil were used. The results of
these experiments allow the conclusion that fibers preferentially
wetted by the dispersed phase are best, a minimum oil saturation
of 10-15% of the bed is necessary for complete coalescence, and
a minimum coalescer depth is required.
C-1246-77
DEVICE FOR EVALUATING COALESCENCE OF OIL EMULSIONS
Chieu, J.-N., and E. F. Gloyna. 1975.
ASCE Meeting, Texas Section, El Paso, September 25-27, 1975.
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence, Design and engineering
Pilot studies can provide useful information in the design and
operation of coalescers to break stable oil-water emulsions.
Treatability results from the experiments reported in this paper
show how this can be accomplished by using media preferentially
wetted by the dispersed phase, a minimum oil saturation of 10-15%,
and a bed depth of 0.4 centimeters. Increased filter velocity
and decreased interfacial tension decrease coalescence.
88
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C-1247-77
ADVANCED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS IS EFFECTIVE
Christensen, D. R., and B. R. Conn. 1976.
Hydrocarbon Processing 55(10):107-109.
Wastewater treatment, Petrochemicals, Oil-water separation
A petrochemical plant wastewater treatment pilot study is described
which consists of oil removal, two sequential biological processes,
chemical treatment, filtration, and activated carbon adsorption.
Treated effluent had 0-10 mg/1 oil and grease, as compared to 40
mg/1 for untreated effluent.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(10):#60168w. 1977]
C-1248-77
COALESCING OIL USING A BROMINATED MONOOLEFIN RESIN
Cook, D. G. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,992,290
Oil-water separation, Dispersions, Coalescence, Patent,
*Brominated polyethylene granules
Oil dispersed in water is coalesced and separated by passing the
dispersion through a bed of brominated polyethylene granules to
form a coalesced floating layer which is then skimmed off.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110879b. 1977]
C-1249-77
THE TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS WITH PEAT MOSS
Coupal, B., and J. M. Lalancette. 1976.
Water Research 10(12):1071-1076.
Wastewater treatment, Industries, Absorption, Contaminants,
*Peat moss
Industrial wastewaters containing heavy metals, "certain inorganic
contaminants and organic matter (including oil and detergents)
can be treated effectively after initial settling by contacting
with peat moss. The characteristics and performance of a
contacting machine with a 75,700 I/day (20,000 gal/day) treatment
capacity are described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126703a. 1977]
89
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C-1250-77
MINERAL OIL WASTES; A TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM ON ARISINGS, TREATMENT
AND DISPOSAL, INCLUDING A CODE OF PRACTICE
Department of the Environment. 1976.
London, Stationery Office, 1976. 28p. (Waste Management Paper
No. 7)
Waste oil, Sources, Environmental effects, Reclamation, Disposal,
Economic effects
"This publication outlines the origins of waste oils, and their
adverse environmental effects if not properly disposed of. The
economic and environmental value of recovery rather than disposal
is stressed."
[from WRC Information 3(43):#76-2975M. 1976]
C-1251-77
FLOTATION COMBINED WITH OZONATION FOR REMOVAL OF OIL AND DISSOLVED
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES FROM REFINERY WASTE WATERS [in German]
Dietrich, K. R. 1976.
Gesundheits-Ingenieur 97(9) -.209-211.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oil-water separation,
Flocculation, Flotation, Coalescence, *0zonation
A process for treating refinery wastewaters is described which
removes oil by flocculation, flotation and coalescence, and
decreases the COD of wastewater by ozonation of the organic
matter.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95448q. 1977]
C-1252-77
TREATMENT OF WASTE WATERS AFTER EMULSION DECREASING OF MOTOR
PARTS.
Dvorak, J.» J- Sedivy, H. Hofmanova, and J. Hezina. 1976.
Czechoslovakian Patent 163,896
Wastewater treatment, Fuels, Emulsions, Oil-water separation,
Patent
Spent emulsions containing motor fuels and greases are treated
with an 8% aqueous solution of NaCi2-l4-alkylbenzenesulfonate
to break the hydrocarbons and water into separate phases.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95627x. 1977]
90
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C-1253-77
WEMCO HYDROCLEANER FLOTATION MACHINE (product information)
Envirotech/WEMCO. n.d.
Envirotech/WEMCO, P.O. Box 15619, Sacramento, CA 95813.
Bulletin F9-B2.
Oil-water separation, Flotation, Design and engineering,
*Aeration, *WEMCO Hydrocleaner
An air flotation machine for oil-water separation is available
which features a hydraulically powered aeration system that has
no moving parts, weighs considerably less, and consumes less
power than other wastewater systems of comparable capacity.
Used with the proper chemical reagents, the system works with
a broad range of light to heavy oils and petroleum products,
leaving an effluent of typically less than 10 ppm hydrocarbons.
The units are available in 200-20,000 1/min (50-5000 gal/mip)
capacities.
C-1254-77
COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF OIL WASTE AND WASTE HARMFUL TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
Eriksson, S. E. [1976?]
International Trade Fair on Waste Handling, Recycling and
Industrial Cleansing, [1976?]. Paper K6. 8p.
Waste oil treatment, Disposal, *Waste management
Working relationships, agreements, and cooperation between an
independent waste management organization and area authorities
are detailed. The responsibilities of both organizations are
described.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(2):#77-01941. 1977]
C-1255-77
OILY WASTES HANDLING AND DISPOSAL - U.S. NAVY
Ferraro, J. M., S. M. Fruh, A. R. Garabrant, P. M. Nadeau, and
R. V. Thomas. 1976.
Naval Engineers Journal 88(2):131-137.
Waste oil treatment, Reclamation, Disposal, USN
The development of abatement and control programs for 17 naval
facilities on U.S. and foreign soils is described. The first
step taken was a plan to minimize through procedural changes the
volume of wastes actually generated. The means were determined
for each facility to reclaim, destroy, or dispose of wastes by
effective and legal methods.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01622. 1977]
91
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C-1256-77
PROCESS FOR SEPARATING OIL FROM WATER AND APPARATUS FOR IMPLE-
MENTING THE PROCESS
Forssberg, K. S. E., and K. D. Kopp. 1976.
French Patent 2,307,563
Oil-water separation, Filtration, Design and engineering, Patent
A mixture of oil and water passes through a filter containing
hematite or magnetite with particle dimensions 0.2 to 1.2 mm
in size. The particles are coated with a layer of a lipophilic
compound. The oil clings to the particles while the water
passess through the filter.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(13):#231,881. 1977]
C-1257-77
CELL HAVING CATALYTIC LAYER FOR COALESCING OIL DROPLETS
Fowler, L. L. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,980,565
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence, Design and engineering,
Patent, *Metal catalysts
A cell for oil-water separation of emulsions is described which
involves a catalyst for enhancing the coalescence of finely
dispersed oil droplets. The device is comprised of an elongated,
perforated core filled with emulsion-breaking fibrous material
surrounded by a catalytic, porous, and flexible layer that has
sprayed-on particles of the metals Ca, Sn, Al, Ni, Zn and their
alloys.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(8):#45433k. 1977]
3,980,565
CELL HAVING CATALYTIC LAYER FOR COALESCING
OIL DROPLETS
Leslie L. Fowler, 1722 E. 59th St., Tulsa, Okla. 74105
Filed Nov. 26, 1971, Ser. No. 202,378
Int. CI.J B01D 27/00
U.S.CI. 210-489 3 Claims
92
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C-1258-77
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLARIFYING CONTAMINATED LIQUIDS
George, A. L., and J. C. Manning. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,986,954
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, *Aeration,
Flotation, Patent
Oil-water separation is aided by decreasing the specific gravity
of the suspended oil. The suspension is aerated and pumped under
pressure through a small orifice into a large chamber. This
procedure results in the formation of minute bubbles which adhere
to the oil particles and cause them to float. The floating oil
is then topped in a trough and removed; the effluent is discharged
or recirculated for further oil-water separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78272k. 1977]
3,986,954
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CLARIFYING
CONTAMINATED LIQUIDS
Albert L. George, and Jerry C. Manning, both of Lafayette,
La., assignors to Al George, Inc.
Filed May 19, I97S, Ser. No. 578,424
Int. Cl.« B03D 1124
V.S. Cl. 210-44 30 Claims
2. \ 1 f I _ 7
.-L
JJi-
3
L. 7/_
\ 'L''
"14""'
*kjU,l
®*^ai&i
^^
-i
-a
-a*
3
4 -*-
^j~r~A'^
C-1259-77
USE OF COMMERCIAL-GRADE OXYGEN FOR THE BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION
OF PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTE WATERS [in Russian]
Gerber, V. Ya., G. D. Gubanova, and E. G. loakimis. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (11):12-16.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Oxidation, *0xygen aeration
Aeration with oxygen instead of air greatly increased the
biochemical purification of mixed wastes in petroleum refinery
wastewaters.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95475w. 1977]
93
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C-1260-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR BREAKING AND TREATING STABLE EMULSIONS
Ghisalberti, F. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,623,439
Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Coagulation, Filtration, Patent
A three-compartment apparatus is used to separate stable emulsions
into oil and water. In the first compartment the emulsion is
coagulated by electrolysis; from there it moves to the bottom of
a compartment with an inverted cone shape and then travels
upward and into a sand filtration unit. The third compartment
is a trough which collects the clarified water.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110890y. 1977]
C-1261-77
REFINERY EFFLUENT IMPROVED BY GRAVITY-PRESSURE DEWATERING
Grimes, C. B. 1977.
Oil and Gas Journal 75(17):106-108.
Sludge, Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Disposal, *Sludge
dewatering
Refinery sludge is efficiently and economically prepared for
landfill disposal by a combination gravity filtration-pressure
dewatering process. The method cuts sludge volume by 80-90%,
thereby significantly decreasing the cost of the final sludge
disposal.
C-1262-77
REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM
[English summary]
Grunwald, A. 1976.
Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko - Technologicke Praze, Technologic
Vody F20:53-84.
Waste oil treatment, Petroleum products, Activated sludge
"Activated sludge was acclimated to mineral oils (e.g., gasoline,
crude oil, and grease) using a substrate containing peptone 0.8,
d-glucose 0.8, NaHCOs 1.0, and KH2P04 0.04g in 1L potable water
and then used in batch treatment of the hydrocarbons (aeration
2 days at 0.4 L/min at 20°, sludge age 5 days)."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95563y. 1977]
94
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C-1263-77
TREATMENT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS FROM OIL-WELL DRILLING
OPERATIONS
Guillerme, M., J. Gratacos, A. Sirvins, and B. Tramier. 1976.
French Patent 2,301,680
Oil wells, Drilling, Wastewater treatment, Biodegradation,
Bacteria, Flocculation, Patent
Certain strains of biodegrading bacteria are applied to oil well
drilling effluents in order to lower the biological oxygen
demand to required limits. This treatment is followed by conven-
tional flocculation processes and the resultant effluent meets
existing oil drilling wastewater discharge regulations.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15)-.1232,181. 1977]
C-1264-77
OILY BILGE WATER TREATMENT WITH A TUBULAR ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM
Harris, L. R., et al. 1976.
Journal of Engineering for Industry 98:1215-20.
Wastewater treatment, Bilges, Oil-water separation, Filtration,
*Tubular ultrafiltration system
A tubular ultrafiltration system using cellulosic and non-
ce! lulosic membranes was tested with bilges and other oily
wastes, alone and combined with a nonionic detergent. Detergent
addition resulted in a steeper flux decline than any of the
fluids evaluated alone. Both membrane types produced a
permeate with an oil content < 15 mg/1. The nonce!lulosic
membranes exhibited higher flux rates than the cellulosic
membranes; only the former could be restored to its initial
water flux by a cleaning operation.
C-1265-77
CONTINUOUSLY SEPARATING EMULSIONS
Herce, J. A., and J. E. Heath. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,996,157
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation,
*Cellulose fibers, Patent
Waste oil-water emulsions are treated with a liquid suspension
of nongranular, discrete, 100-10,000 y cellulose fibers to
95
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yield a continuous phase and an essentially fiber-free dispersed
phase. The demulsified oil can be recovered, the effluent water
contains only 3-4 ppm oil, and the fibers can be recycled.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78280m. 1977]
3,996,157
METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY SEPARATING
EMULSIONS
John A. Hcrce, Bellaire, and James E. Heath, Houston, both of
Tex., assignors to Shell Oil Company, Houston, Tex.
Division of Ser. No. 271,441, July 13, 1972, Pat. No.
3,869,408. This application July 18, 1974, Ser. No. 489,678
Int. Cl.1 BO ID 15/02
V.S. Cl. 252-325 28 Claims
S4MQ ware*
C-1266-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TREATING A STREAM OF OIL-CONTAINING
WASTE WATER USING ULTRAFILTRATION
(Hoogovens Ijmuiden B. V.) 1976.
Netherlands Application 75 05,875
Emulsions, Wastewater treatment, Filtration, pH control,
Design and engineering, Patent
Oily wastewater emulsions are separated by ultrafiltration
after adjustment to pH 10. The apparatus which utilizes this
process to treat a continuous waste stream is described.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126814y. 1977]
96
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C-1267-77
SEPARATION OF OIL AND WATER
lizuka, K,, N. Dalmon, S. Ichinose.T. Kiribayashi, and M. Murata.
1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,136,591
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Flotation, Patent,
*Powdered mica
Treatment of tetrasilicic mica (NaMg2.5Si4P-|QF2) with alkylbenzyl-
dimethyl ammonium chloride in BuOH removes oil from water. In an
example, water containing 5000 ppm heavy oil was flotated with
0.25% mica, yielding an effluent with 482 ppm oil.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145327x. 1977]
C-l268-77
MANAGEMENT OF OIL SLUDGE FROM A REFINERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
loakimis, E. G., and A. D. Davletov. 1975.
USA/USSR Symposium on Handling, Treatment and Disposal of.Waste-
water Sludge, Moscow, 1975. p.27-35.
Wastewater treatment, Sludge, Refineries, Incineration, USSR
Several months of incineration of oil sludge produced by refinery
and petrochemical wastewater treatment have been tested in the
USSR. Rotary drum kilns, fluid bed of heat carrier, and furnaces
with bubble burners are described.
[from Environment Abstracts 6(12):#76-08157. 1977]
C-1269-77
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING LIQUID PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM A MIXTURE
OF LIQUID PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND WATER
Kuenzle, B. 1976.
Swiss Patent 579,939
Emulsions, Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Filtration, Patent
Oil emulsions are separated from water by means of coalescence
filters connected in a cascade series operated under hydrostatic
pressure. Each of the successive filters is fed from the bottom,
and the filters are filled with poly(tetrafluoroethylene) chips
as filtering layers.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78268p. 1977]
97
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C-1270-77
PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATERS FROM THE PETROLEUM
REFINING - PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Lacy, W. J., and A. Cywin. 1975.
USA/USSR Symposium on Physical-Chemical Treatment [of Waste
Waters] from Municipal and Industrial Sources [Papers], Taft
Center, Cincinnati, November 12-14, 1975. Washington, D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1975. p. 35-49.
Refineries, Petrochemicals, Wastewater treatment, *Physical-
chemical methods '
"A review with 24 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145145m. 1977]
C-1271-77
ULTIMATE DISPOSAL OF OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Leary, J. F. 1975.
Final feasibility study, No. USCG-D-36-76. 68p.
Waste oil disposal, Spill disposal, Cost analysis, Storage, USCG
The state of the art of methods to store and/or dispose of
recovered oil and other hazardous chemicals which are discharged
into U.S. inland and coastal waters is investigated. The
Ultimate Disposal problem is discussed with emphasis on the need
to establish the most cost effective and environmentally suitable
Ultimate Disposal System to satisfy the Coast Guard's needs.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(8):#AD-A035 137/9GA.
1977]
C-1272-77
METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER
Liles, A. W., and R. D. Schwartz. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,968,036
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Activated sludge, Oxidation,
Patent
A process is described for treating refinery wastewater by
contacting the wastewater with an activated sludge at conditions
under which biological oxidation takes place. Various water-
98
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insoluble inorganic oxides consisting of silica, alumina,
and silica-alumina are combined with the sludge, thereby
increasing the rates of biological oxidation and sludge settling.
[from How to Remove Pollutants and Toxic Materials from Air and
Water. M. Sittig (ed.). New Jersey, Noyes Data Corporation,
1977. p.410-411]
3,968,036
METHOD OF TREATING WASTE WATER
Arthur W. Lite, Murray Hill, and Robert D. Schwartz, East
Windsor, both of NJ., assignors to Exxon Research and
Engineering Company, Linden, N J.
Filed June 17, 1974, Ser. No. 480,011
Int. Cl.' C02C 1120
U.S. Cl. 210—15 2 Claims
C-1273-77
BREAKING EMULSIONS IN NAVY BILGE COLLECTION AND TREATMENT SYSTEMS
Little, R. C., and R. L. Patterson. 1976.
Report NRL-MR-3424. 56p.
Bilges, Ships, Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water
separation, *Demulsification
A new bilge waste collection and treatment system is described
which is especially suitable for breaking stable oily waste
emulsions into their constituent phases. The system utilizes
chemical demulsifiers such as certain quaternary ammonium
compounds because they are effective over a wide range of
temperatures and oil concentrations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(5):#AD-A033 649/5GA.
1977]
99
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C-1274-77
HIGH EFFICIENCY OIL/WATER SEPARATION
Lock, J. E. 1976.
Processing 22(10):41.
Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Design and engineering
A single system oil coalescence process is described which can
remove oil droplets > 10 y in diameter with nearly 100% efficiency
to < 1 ppm concentrations, and oil droplets < 10 y with 30-60%
efficiency to < 5 ppm.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(2):#77-01232. 1977]
C-1275-77
COALESCING WITH SURFACE-PURIFIED PARTICLES
Mail, I. 1976.
Canadian Patent 990,218
Oil-water separation, Hydrocarbons, Dispersions, Coalescence,
Patent
A process for separating small quantities of finely dispersed
particles of hydrocarbons from water is described. The process
involves passing the oil-in-water mixture through a bed of
activated carbon particles which absorbs the hydrocarbons.
The hydrocarbons then coalesce into particles of large enough
size for conventional oil-water separation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#75251s. 1977]
C-1276-77
FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS EASE PROBLEMS
Mayrose, D. T. 1976.
Water and Wastes Engineering 13(10):56-58,60.
Sludge, Solid wastes, Disposal, Incineration, Cost analysis,
Design and engineering
The use of fluid bed reactors .in sludge handling and solid
waste disposal is discussed and is compared to other methods
of waste treatment. The design and operation of a fluid bed
incinerator are described and cost benefits are analyzed.
Fluid bed reactors are considered to be efficient and inexpensive
methods for the disposal of waste solids and sludge.
100
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C-1277-77
PURIFICATION OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATER
(Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.) 1975.
Netherlands Application 75 02,522
Wastewater treatment, Fuel oil, Hydrocarbons, Flocculation,
pH control, Patent
"Fuel oil or hydrocarbons are removed from wastewater by
flocculation by adding a thermo-setting, water-soluble phenol-
formaldehyde condensation product (mol. wt 120-5000) and
adjusting the pH to 7."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18}:#126795g. 1977]
C-1278-77
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING AND ANALYZING MEDIA WITH DIFFERENT
PHASES
Muennich-Debus, H. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften'(unexamined patent application)
2,519,701
Oil-water separation, Design and engineering, Patent
Oil on water is separated in a tank which has a basal water
outlet and is equipped with an upper and lower oil sensor.
As the tank is filled, the rising oil-water interface arrives
at the upper sensor, the oil overflows, and the basal water
outlet opens. When the oil layer drops to the lower sensor
level, the water outlet closes and the cycle repeats.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#142074b. 1977]
C-1279-77
SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE SANITARY
STATE OF WATER BODIES IN THE REGIONS OF OIL-REFINING AND OIL
CHEMICAL ENTERPRISES [English summary]
Murzakaev, F. G., and A. A. Mingazetdinov. 1976.
Hygiene and Sanitation 7:7-10.
Waste oil, Petroleum products, Petrochemicals, Contamination,
Refining, Rivers, USSR
Observational data show the oil refining and oil chemical
enterprises in Bashkirya to have carried out technological,
sanitary-technical, and organizational measures to decrease
oil and oil product contamination of the Belaya River.
[from Applied Ecology Abstracts 3(3):#3D3054. 1977]
101
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(> 1280-77
PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATERS AT PLANTS OF THE "GROZNEFTEORGSINTEZ"
ASSOCIATION [in Russian]
Musaev, D. D., and E. F. Slyadnev. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (11):5-7.
Refineries, Petrochemicals, Wastewater treatment, *Biochemical
purification
"The biochemical purification of the petroleum refining and
petrochemical wastes was improved by reducing the amount and
improving the quality of the separated wastewaters. The BOD
of the purified waters was brought to that of fresh river water."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95473u. 1977]
C-1281-77
SEPARATION OF OIL AND WATER
Nagata, E., H. Iwamoto, and M. Kobayashi. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,111,493
Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Coalescence, Flotation, Patent,
*Magnetic powder
Emulsified oil is separated from water by stirring in magnetic
powder, permitting the powder to coalesce and float, and then
filtering the liquid through steel wool.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126796h. 1977]
C-1282-77
PURIFICATION OF PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY WASTE WATERS [in Russian]
Nemchenko, A. G., L. M. Samoilova, 0. V. Mamontova, E. V.
Rubinskaya, and V. L. Vainer. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (ll):23-26.
Wastewater treatment, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Petrochemicals,
Absorption
Desorption-absorption was used to remove aromatic hydrocarbons
from the wastewater. Biological treatment, ozonation, and
reverse osmosis were used to destroy or remove other organic
and inorganic contaminants.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95479a. 1977]
102
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C-1283-77
COMPOSITION FOR THE REMOVAL OF PETROLEUM FROM THE SURFACE OF
WATER
Nesterova, M. P., and N. M. Anufrieva. 1977.
USSR Patent 542,730
Wastewater treatment, Oil slicks, Spill recovery, Absorption,
Patent, *Polyurethane
Floating oil can be removed from the surface of water by a
composition containing 97.5-99.0% by weight polyurethane and
1.0-2.5% by weight Et3N.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145324u. 1977]
C-1284-77
DETERMINATION OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS IN WASTE WATERS
[English summary]
Novak, J., and I. Viden. 1976.
Sbornik Vysoke Skoly Chemicko - Technologicke v Praze,
Technologie Paliv 033:353-366.
"Wastewater containing 20-500 mg/L petrochemical products was
filtered through a 1 x 18 cm column packed with divinyl -
styrene resin (Sinachrom E). The adsorption capacity of the
column was CeHsN 65,cresol 207, quinoline 341, 2,6-dichloro-
phenol 402, toluene 900, xylene 1780 mg. Elution was done with
MeOH."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145260v. 1977]
C-1285-77
THE USE OF POLYURETHANE FOAM AS FILTER MATERIAL DURING THE
PURIFICATION OF PETROLEUM-CONTAINING WASTE WATERS, [in Russian]
Oboznyi, V. F., I. D. Pichakhchi, and V. V. Shimkovich. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (ll):26-28.
Wastewater treatment, Filtration, *Polyurethane foam
Wastewaters filtered through a 1.5 m thick bed of polyurethane
flakes (5-30 mm) at 30 m/hr reduced the petroleum contents from
100-500 mg/1 to 5-25 mg/1. The filtered water contained 3-18 mg
colloidal and dissolved petroleum products per liter.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110751d. 1977]
103
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C-1286-77
EXAMINATION OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTE WATERS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AFTER THEIR TREATMENT IN AERATION TANKS
Panova, V. A., N. S. Goryachev, and Yu. Yu. Lur'e. 1975.
USA/USSR Symposium on Physical-Chemical Treatment [of Waste
Waters] from Municipal and Industrial Sources [Papers], Taft
Center, Cincinnati, November 12-14, 1975. Washington D.C.,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1975. p.90-95.
Wastewater treatment, Chemical analysis, Hydrocarbons, Oxidation,
Toxicity, *Aeration
Analysis of wastewaters following biological and biochemical
treatment and aeration was conducted. Biologically treated
wastewater retains about 10-15% of initially present hydro-
carbons and these are mainly C>14 hydrocarbons. Biochemical
treatment of oily wastewaters results in deep chemical changes
of hydrocarbons. Many of these are in the form of intermediate
products of different degrees of oxidation and are responsible
for the toxicity of such wastewaters.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20) :#145239v. 1977]
C-1287-77
TREATMENT OF CONCENTRATED WASTE WATERS CONTAINING OIL EMULSIONS
Ponomarev, V. G., and S. B. Zakharina. 1975.
USA/USSR Symposium on Physical-Chemical Treatment [of Waste
Waters] from Municipal and Industrial Sources [Papers], Taft
Center, Cincinnati, November, 12-14, 1975. Washington D.C.
Environmental Protection Agency, 1975. p.120-123.
Emulsions, Wastewater treatment, Sludge, pH control, Flotation,
Coagulation, ^Aeration
Waste emulsion is introduced into a settling tank and the pH
is adjusted to 6-7 with H2S04- Floated oil is collected and
sludge is retained in a holding tank. The remaining emulsion
is fed to the flotation unit for a second treatment in which
a coagulant is added. The mixture is then aerated to satura-
tion and the floated oil foam is collected and disposed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145241q. 1977]
HOW TO DISPOSE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES
Powers, P. W. 1976.
Environmental Technology Handbook No. 4. Park Ridge, New Jersey,
Noyes Data Corporation, 1976. 497p.
Disposal, Wastewater, Solid wastes, Industries, Oil industry
This book is concerned with the disposal of liquid and solid
wastes and sludges from industrial operations by such methods
104
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as incineration, dispersal into water, dumping at sea, lagooning,
landfill or tipping, and underground disposal. Among the
various topics and industries covered are deep well disposal of
effluents in the petrochemical industry and problems encountered
by the petroleum industry in removing oil, dissolved organic
residues and sludges during wastewater treatment processes.
[from Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(4):95. 1977]
C-1289-77
REFINERY EFFLUENT SOURCES, CONSTITUENTS AND TREATMENTS
Roberts, U. G. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p. 191-200. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Sources, Wastewater treatment,
Activated sludge, *0xidation lagoons, *Activated carbon
Pollution arising at oil refineries, in particular the effluent
water, is discussed and the sources are identified. Wastewater
treatment techniques for pollutants are described and include
activated sludge systems, oxidation lagoons, and activated carbon
treatment.
C-1290-77
ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE PRACTICES IN THE PETROLEUM
REFINING INDUSTRY
Rosenberg, D. G., R. J. Lofy, H. Cruse, E. Weisberg, and B.
Beutler. 1976.
Pasadena, CA, Jacobs Engineering Co., 1976. 369p. PB-259 097/4WE.
Wastewater treatment, Disposal, Refineries, Chemical analysis,
Contaminants
The report is a comprehensive review of hazardous waste generation
and management practice in the petroleum refining industry.
Waste streams emanating from individual refining process sources
are characterized and described in detail. A laboratory program
of chemical analysis was carried out to identify potentially
hazardous refinery waste constituents based on site visits and
waste stream sampling at a representative group of 16 refineries.
Oil is the principal hazardous component, followed by fluoride,
metal constituents, and phenol, cyanide and benz-a-pyrene.
Refinery waste disposal methods and waste recycling are also,
discussed.
[from Energy Review 20:23. 1977]
105
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C-1291-77
SEPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Schulze, G. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,513,353
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Oxidation,
Patent
Hydrocarbons and oil emulsions are removed from neutralized
wastewaters by aeration with a stoichiometric excess of oxidant.
Details of a sample oil-water separation which yielded an
effluent containing 16 mg oil/1 are presented.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78267n. 1977]
C-1292-77
REGENERATION OF FIBROUS BED COALESCERS FOR OIL-WATER SEPARATION
Shah, B., W. Langdon, and D. Wasen. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology 11(2):167-170.
Oil-water separation, Coalescence, Emulsions, *Fibrous bed
coalescers
The regeneration of fibrous bed coalescers operating on
secondary oil-in-water emulsions was studied. Glass fibers
were bound together or stabilized by application of isobutyl
methacrylate resin and were subsequently heat treated. The
efficiency of these coalescers was close to 100% and cyclic
life was about six hours. Steam was an efficient regenerating
agent and gave cycle lives 0.8 times that of fresh bed.
C-1293-77
USE OF OZONE FOR THE PURIFICATION AND ADDITIONAL PURIFICATION
OF PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTE WATERS [in Russian]
Sharifov, R. R. 1976.
Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel (ll):20-23.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, *0zone aeration, *Biochemical
purification
Residual organic compounds left after biochemical purification
were further decreased by ozone aeration.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#95478z. 1977]
106
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C-1294-77
WATER CONSIDERATIONS FOR ALBERTA OIL SANDS DEVELOPMENTS
Shewchuck, P. G. 1975.
Proceedings of the National Conference on Complete Water Use,
2nd, Chicago, Illinois, 1975. p.155-158.
Tar sands, Development, Wastewater disposal, Water quality,
Canada
Water is of primary concern in the development of oil sands
resources of Alberta. The availability of sufficient quantities
of water, the volumes and quantities of wastewater, and the
management and environmentally safe disposal of process
wastewaters are discussed.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(2):#011587. 1977]
C-1295-77
SEPARATING AGENT FOR OIL AND WATER
Shioda, H., and T. Osanai. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 97,589
Oil-water separation, Patent, *Polypropy1ene foam
"Polypropylene foam containing bismuth titanium oxide (BiTi03)
is used for separating oils from water."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(8):#47113e. 1977]
C-1296-77
TREATMENT OF PETROLEUM-POLLUTED WASTE WATERS IN A SYSTEM USING
HYDRAULIC ASH-AIDED AT HEATING AND POWER PLANTS [in Russian]
Shvetsova, V. P., V. A. Kopein, and Z. I. Krasnopevtseva. 1977.
Energetik (1):11-13.
Wastewater treatment, Absorption, *Coa1 ash
"The oil content in wastewaters is reduced by filtration through
the active C BALL whose sorption capacity is 0.8 - 0.9 g oil/g.
Ash from Chelyabinsk coal absorbs 0.7 - 0.8 g oil/g. A 30
minute contact period between wastewaters containing 75-100 mg
oil/L and coal-ash hydrosol reduced the oil content in the water
to 3.2 mg/L. The sorption capacity of the Chelyabinsk coal ash
was not diminished after 20 cycles."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145231m. 1977]
107
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C-1297-77
WASSERHAUSHALT EINER RAFFINERIE [WATER BUDGET OF A REFINERY]
[in German]
Siebert, M. 1976.H
Literaturberlchte liber Wasser, Abwasser, Luft und Feste
Abfallstoffe 24(2):134.
Refineries, Wastewater treatment, Recycling, Oil-water separation,
Sludge, West Germany
The water cycle of the Woerth, West Germany oil refinery is
described. All process wastewaters are partially treated and
recycled for use within the refinery. Wastewater treatment
processes including oil and sludge separation are adequate to
meet July, 1977, EPA specifications.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02496. 1977]
C-1298-77
HOW TO REMOVE POLLUTANTS AND TOXIC MATERIALS FROM AIR AND WATER
Sittig, M. (ed.). 1977.
New Jersey, Noyes Data Corporation, 1977. 621 p.
Wastewater treatment, Pollution control, Industries, Refineries,
Spill cleanup, Patent
This text provides surveys of some 500 patents dealing with
environmental control systems in the 1973 to 1976 period.
Refinery effluents are covered in detail; and oil spills,
industrial effluents, chemical pollutants, and metal toxicants
are also included.
C-1299-77
HEAVY-EMULSION OIL WASTE REDUCED FROM 2000 fO 10 PPM
Smith, A. W., and K. Robe. 1976.
Chemical Processing 39(12):62.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Emulsions, Oil-water separation,
Flotation, Skimmers
A process is described for treating petroleum refinery wastewater
containing an average of 2000 ppm oil and reducing residual oil
to 10 ppm. The process includes air flotation, an oil-water
separator box, surface skimming and chemical treatment.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(2):#77-01493. 1977]
108
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C-1300-77
THE USE OF MODIFIED FORMS OF PEAT AS AN OIL COALESCER
Smith, E. F., and H. B. Mark. Jr. 1977.
Journal of Environmental Science and Health 11A(12):727-734.
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions, Bilges,
Coalescence, *Peat
Dried and sulfuric acid-treated peat was shown to effectively
remove ± 90% of oil in + 250 ppm oil-in-water emulsions. The
coalescence capability of peat matched that of XAD-2 polystyrene
beads. Cartridges of peat could be useful in shipboard bilge-
water filtration as they are less susceptible to plugging by
solids and are very inexpensive.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02423. 1977]
C-1301-77
ACID PRETREATMENT OF PETROLEUM SLUDGES FORMING DURING FLOTATION
OF PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTE WATER [in Russian]
Sokolov, V., L. Chikunova, and G. Molchanov. 1976.
Neftyanik (9):21.
Wastewater treatment, Refineries, Sludge, *Acid pretreatment
Petroleum sludge was allowed to settle for 2-4 hours, then
acidified to pH 1.25-2.85 with H2S04- This procedure removes
the petroleum and other impurities from the sludge and
greatly decreases the volume of the sludge.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126628e. 1977]
C-l302-77
ELECTROFLOTATION METHOD FOR OIL REMOVAL FROM INDUSTRIAL
EFFLUENTS [in Polish]
Stelmach, K., and K. Wisniewski. 1976.
Metochy Fyzikochemiczne Oczyzczania Wod i Sciekow Referaty z
Konferencji Naukowo Technicznej Lublin (2):126-132.
Wastewater treatment, *Electroflotation, Oil-water separation,
Coagulation
Electroflotation, along with simultaneous electrocoagulation
in two electrolyzers, was used to achieve an oil removal of
93-95%. Current intensity used in the processes affected the
treatment. Used alone, the treatment resulted in an effluent
with an oil content of 10 mg/dm3. When used in conjunction
with filtration and flocculation, the treatment resulted in
an oil content of 0.7 mg/dm3.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110842j. 1977]
109
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C-1303-77
REMOVING OIL FROM OILY WASTE WATER STREAMS
Vadekar, M., and H. S. Wilson.
U.S. Patent 4,008,160
Wastewater treatment, Oil-water separation, Emulsions,
Refineries, Patent, *Polyvinyl chloride
Oily wastewaters, especially stable emulsions from refineries,
are effectively treated by passing the stream over a particulate
bed of unprocessed polyvinyl chloride. In an example, refinery
wastewaters containing 1250 ppm highly olefinic emulsified oil
were passed through polyvinyl chloride, removing > 99% of the
oil as compared to 60% using activated carbon.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#145331u. 1977]
C-1304-77
COMPUTER SUPERVISION OF USED OIL EMISSION [in German]
Weber, H. 1975.
Zeitschrift Binnenschiffahrt Wasserstr. 102(9):331-332.
Waste oil disposal, Bilges, Monitoring, Tankers, Rhine River,
*Computer surveillance
A computer-assisted surveillance program is keeping track of
all waste oil handed over to special waste oil collection
tankers deployed on the Rhine and neighboring canals. The
tankers are equipped with oil-water separators for processing
used oil and bilges. Data on frequency and quantity of oil
collected by each of the tankers from each ship is available
to the appropriate supervisory agencies.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(1):#71. 1977]
C-1305-77
HANDLING DISCHARGES FROM WASTE OIL PROCESSING, PART 2
Weinstein, N. J., and R. M. Wolfertz. 1976.
Industrial Wastes (Chicago) 22(6):26-30.
Waste oil, Recycling, Oil-water separation, Disposal, Sludge
Wastewaters from a re-refining facility and a marine waste oil
processing plant were sampled and analyzed to determine possible
pollution problems of waste oil recycling. The oil-water
separation units and oil recovery systems are described, and
the disposal of acid sludge from re-refining is discussed.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#110795w. 1977]
110
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C-1306-77
SEPARATION OF WATER-OIL EMULSIONS
Wilms, H. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,503,350
Wastewater treatment, Emulsions, Oil-water separation, pH control,
Flotation, Patent
Oil-in-water emulsions are broken by introducing the emulsion
into a tank where pH is controlled and an emulsion-breaking
reagent is added. Bubbling air through the tank separates oil
at the top and it is removed from the surface with rotating
disk devices.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(8):#47102a. 1977]
C-1307-77
USE OF ELECTRIC STEEL-MELTING SLAGS FOR TREATMENT OF ACIDIC
AND OIL CONTAINING WASTE WATERS [in Russian]
Yuzhaninov, A. G., A. N. Lapkin, and Yu. V. Lapkina. 1976.
Trudy UraVskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'skogo Instituta Chernykh
Metallov 25:146-150.
Wastewater treatment, Absorption, Filtration, *Powdered steel-
melting slag.
Powdered slag absorbs oil at the rate 0.8-1.1 g/g. Under
laboratory conditions oil content in wastewater was reduced
from 500 to 8-10 mg/1 using powdered slag. The slag containing
absorbed oil is easily filtered.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#!45230k. 1977]
6. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
C-1308-77
DATA SHEET FEATURES OIL RECLAMATION SYSTEMS (product information)
Anon. 1977.
Hydrocarbon Processing 56(2):178.
Reclamation, Waste oil, Industries, Design and engineering
A new data sheet presents applications and design features of
1100 1/hr and 2300 1/hr (300 and 600 gal/hr) oil reclamation
systems built to cycle a wide range of industrial oils. The
information sheet which features the Petro Clar PI-1010 Series
oil reclamation systems is available from Velcon Filters Inc.,
1750 Rogers Ave., San Jose, CA 95112.
Ill
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C-1309-77
VOL. 5 ENERGY FROM SOLID WASTES
Cheremisinoff, P. N., and A. C. Morresi. 1976.
Pollution Engineering and Technology. R. A. Young and P. N.
Cheremisinoff (eds.). New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976.
520p.
Waste oil treatment, Solid wastes, *Energy sources
The use of solid waste products as a source of energy is
described with reference to successful recovery systems
presently in use in Europe, North America, and Japan. Energy
from waste oil is discussed in the chapter entitled "Waste Oil
Availability and Treatment Processes."
[from Marcel Dekker, Inc., publications announcement brochure.
1977]
C-1310-77
TREATMENT OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL USING BERC/ERDA SOLVENT
Corlew, J. S., and R. J. Sluski. 1976.
Report, BERC/RI-76/11, Contract PO-BE-76-P-1601. 47p.
Waste oil treatment, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, *BERC/ERDA
solvent
From data obtained in laboratory studies, a quality rerefined
oil can be produced via BERC/ERDA solvent extraction and clay
treatment. Yields of 75% water-distillate-free oil were
produced in pilot plant operations. The BERC/ERDA system
produces a marketable sludge.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(5):#9094. 1977]
C-1311-77
RECLAIMING LUBE OILS
Friel, J. P., and P. L. Hammond. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,985,642
Reclamation, Lubricating oil, Surfactants, Patent
A process for reclaiming spent lubricating oil is described
which consists of treating the oil with 0.1-2% anionic
surfactant, such as NH4 dodecylbenzenesulfonate,in combination
with a polyalkylenepolyamine.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#142716n. 1977]
112
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C-1312-77
NEW PROCESS FOR REREFINING OF WASTE LUBRICATING OILS
Goossens, A. G., R. F. Westerduin, and A. J. Suchanek. 1976.
Erdoel, Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 29(9):419.
Waste oils, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, *Rerefining process
Waste lubricating oils are rerefined by a process which includes
the removal of water and light fractions from the oil, vacuum
distillation, and fixed-catalyst-bed hydrofinishing of the oil
distillates obtained.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#124014c. 1977]
C-1313-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL
Hara, K. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76,125,402
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Filtration, Patent
Waste lubricating oils are regenerated by admixing urea (or
aluminum), heating to above 140°C (or 100°C),then filtering and
precipitating to remove suspended materials. Decolorization
and deodorization are effected by conventional methods.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#75739g. 1977]
C-1314-77
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES OF WASTE OIL
TREATMENT
Hockenberry, H. R., and J. E. Lieser. 1976.
Annual ASLE Meeting, Philadelphia, 1976. Paper 76-AM-2B-2.
5p. Preprint.
Wastewater treatment, Waste oil, Reclamation, Reuse, Fuel oil,
*Membrane techniques
As a means of recovering more oil for in-plant reuse, methods
for improved treatment of oily wastewaters were studied.
Ultra-filtration and reverse osmosis were found to recover
oils cleaner than those recovered through a typical chemical
system. The recovered oil is used as a supplementary burner
fuel. Additional possibilities for in-plant reuse of the oil
are being studied.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(3):#017914. 1977]
113
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C-1315-77
OIL CHANGE: A REPORT ON RECYCLING USED SUMP OIL IN BRITAIN
Mackewn, J. 1976.
London, England, Friends of the Earth, Ltd., 1976. 28p.
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Recycling, England
Between 19 to 76 million liters (5 to 20 million gallons) of
waste lubricating oils are estimated to be dumped by motorists
in Great Britain each year. Current practices, legislation, and
issues related to the recycling of oil in England are reviewed
and a proposal for generating public interest in the recycling
of waste oil is outlined.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 3(2):#531. 1977]
C-1316-77
OIL CONSERVATION AND RECLAMATION
Majer, D. J. 1976.
Chemical Engineer No.315:757-759,764.
Waste oil, Reclamation, Conservation, Economic effects, Environ-
mental effects, UK
Waste oil reclamation and reuse processes are discussed in light
of the ecological and economic considerations of the United
Kingdom and other nations. The coalescer method and vacuum
process are given as means of handling oily sludges, waste
emulsions, and oily water wastes. Government influence and
control are recommended for further reducing oil waste.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04455. 1977]
C-1317-77
RE-REFINING OF WASTE LUBRICATION OIL: FEDERAL PERSPECTIVE
McEwen, L. B., Jr. 1976.
Resource Recovery and Energy Review 3(6):14-17.
Waste oil, Refining, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Reuse,
Government agencies
The development of the U.S. waste oil re-refining industry is
reviewed from 1915 to the present, and reasons for the decline
of the industry since 1960 are noted. Renewed interest in
waste oil recovery has occurred in the last few years because
of environmental and conservation factors. Several federal
agencies, among them EPA, ERDA, and FEA, are all introducing
new programs directed at the reclamation and reuse of waste
oil.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(2):#77-01608. 1977]
114
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C-1318-77
OIL CONTAMINATED WATER RECYCLING SYSTEM
Overfield, J. L., and J. W. Richard. 1976.
Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association Annual
Industrial Pollution Control Conference, 4th, Houston, 1976.
p.48-57.
Wastewater treatment, Recycling, Oil-water separation, Design
and engineering
A recycling system consisting of a filter-coalescer with auto-
matic backflush, a solids cleaner, and accessories to remove
oil from contaminated water to less than 10 ppm is described.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(1):#77-00641. 1977]
C-1319-77
REGENERATION OF WASTE LUBRICATING OIL
Ueda, S. 1976.
Japanese Kokai (unexamined patent application) 76 134,701
Waste oil treatment, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Surfactants,
Flocculation, Precipitation, Patent
Particulate impurities are removed from waste lubricating oil
by a process which involves admixing 0.2-10% of an anionic,
nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric surfactant to the waste
oil, followed by agitation and ultrasonic treatment of 25-30 kHz.
This treatment results in flocculation and precipitation of
impurities.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(14):#92979c. 1977]
C-1320-77
REFINING OF WASTE LUBE OIL TO PREPARE USABLE LUBESTOCK
Wolk, R. H. 1976.
U.S. Patent 3,980,551
Waste oil, Lubricating oil, Reclamation, Refining, Patent
Waste lubricating oils from automobile engines are reclaimed
by catalytic demetallization and hydrogenation in an ebullated
bed process. The liquid effluent from this process is then
vacuum distilled to produce a clean lubestock and a heavy
residue containing sludge and heavy metals.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(16):#109040g. 1977]
115
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7. PERSONNEL TRAINING AND EDUCATION
C-1321-77
NATION'S FIRST UNIVERSITY-RUN SPILL CONTROL SCHOOL UNDERWAY
Anon. 1975.
The University and the Sea 8(2):6-7.
Oil spills, Pollution control, Personnel training, *Spill
control school
Summary not available.
[from Sea Grant Newsletter Index 1975:#TAMU-Zl-75-011. 1976]
8. CONTINGENCY PLANNING
C-1322-77
ORGANIZATION NECESSARY FOR MINIMIZING THE DAMAGING EFFECTS OF A
MAJOR OIL SPILL
Alberts, D. A., Sr. 1976.
Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association Annual
Industrial Pollution Control Conference, 4th, Houston, 1976.
p.1-24.
Contingency planning, Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Liability,
*Legal responsibilities
A company-wide contingency plan which will be sufficient for
major oil spills and can be adapted to any major catastrophe
is presented, and organizational requirements and their imple-
mentation are described. Job descriptions of key personnel,
basic requirements of an oil spill response plan, and legal
responsibilities are discussed.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(1):#77-00340. 1977]
C-1323-77
OIL SPILL CLEANUP - WHAT ARE THE CAPABILITIES
Kendrick, P. J. 1977.
Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 49(5):733-744.
Contingency planning, Spill cleanup, Government agencies,
Industries, *0il spill cooperatives
The rash of oil and hazardous material spills in recent years has
provided the stimulus needed to enact national oil spill contin-
gency plans in the U.S., Canada and Great Britain; these programs
are briefly reviewed. Industry oil spill cooperatives, and
examples of private companies specializing in spill cleanup and
related environmental protection services are also discussed.
116
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C-1324-77
OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES POLLUTION CONTINGENCY PLAN
Young, J. 1976.
Report LBL-5317, Contract W-7405-eng-48. 12p.
Contingency planning, Oil discharges, Legislation, U.S., Spill
cleanup, Surveillance, Design and engineering
"LBL (Lawrence Berkeley Lab) policy and procedures are given
for implementing the federal water pollution policy (FWPCA 311
(b)(l)) that forbids discharge of oil or hazardous substance
into or upon navigable waters of the U.S. Design, surveillance
and clean-up procedures are given for both on-site and off-
site spills."
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(2):#3879. .1977]
9. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
C-1325-77
CRUDE OIL AND POLLUTION [English summary]
Anon. 1976.
Revue Maritime 312:275-291.
Pollution prevention, Crude oil, Spill cleanup, France,
*POLMAR plan
The methods and preventive measures of fighting oil spills are
reviewed and the responsible organization in France, POLMAR
plan, is described A recent oil spill and the characteristics
of cleanup methods used are detailed.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 6(12):#6Q13493.
1977]
C-1326-77
NO-LEAK STERN TUBE GLAND
Anon. 1976.
Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering International 99(1201):450.
Leakage, Ships, Pollution prevention, *Stern gear system
The Glacier-Pilgrim Coastguard stern-gear system is a fail safe
sealing system with separate seals for seawater and oil; leakage
from either is freely drained inboard to the bilge or a slop
tank. Tests of the ability of the seal to withstand a catastrophic
leak are described.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01675. 1977]
117
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C-1327-77
AN OIL SPILL LIABILITY BILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(6) :9.
Oil spills, Liability, Pollution prevention, Spill cleanup,
Compensation, Congressional bill
An oil spill liability bill has been re-introduced in Congress
to provide an incentive for the prevention of oil spills, to
guarantee the rapid cleanup of spills, and to allow prompt
compensation to those damaged by a spill.
C-1328-77
RISERLESS SHALLOW BLOWOUT-CONTROL METHOD IS SAFE AND EFFECTIVE
Beall, J. 1976.
Oil and Gas Journal 74(31):!25-129.
Offshore drilling, Blowout prevention, *Riserless drilling method
A safe, effective method for controlling shallow offshore blowouts
features riserless drilling and uses seawater hydrostatic pressure
to assist in well control. Reacting to and controlling a blowout
situation are described and illustrated.
[from Offshore Abstracts 3(6):#76-2122. 1976]
C-1329-77
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN NORTH SEA EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS
Blaikley, D. R. 1977.
Marine Policy 1(2):143-155.
Crude oil, Fate, Environmental effects, Pollution prevention,
Offshore drilling, Oil transport, Spill cleanup, North Sea
The article begins with a general review of the fate and ecological
effects of crude oil spilled in the marine environment with
reference to North Sea conditions. An overview of pollution
prevention and control measures during offshore oil development
and production operations follows. Included are precautionary
measures during exploratory and production drilling, blowout
prevention and control, and crude oil transport by pipelines and
tankers. Problems of spill cleanup and containment in the North
Sea environment are outlined.
118
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C-1330-77
EXPERIENCE WITH TANKER DEBALLASTING MONITORING SYSTEMS
deVial, R. M., and R. V. Yates. 1976.
International Ship Operation Automation Symposium, 2nd,
Washington, D.C., 1976. New York, North Holland Publishing
Co., 1976. Vol. 5. p.425-431.
Monitoring, Oil discharges, Tankers, Pollution control, IMCO,
Regulations, *Bailey Monitor Program
Growing concern by industry and government over the pollution
of the marine environment by oil led to a succession of resolutions
by the IMCO to restrict and control the location and long term
effect of routine discharges from tankers. Significant events
since 1954 are listed and discussed together with key events in
the Bailey Monitor program.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:114 141333. 1976]
C-1331-77
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
Federal Register 41(60):12657-12658.
Pollution prevention, Oil discharges, Regulations, EPA, Contingency
planning, Drilling, *Navigable waters
Amendments to the Environmental Protection Agency's regulations
governing oil pollution prevention are reported. Facilities
which might discharge oil in harmful quantities into navigable
waters must prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
(SPCC) plan, with special procedures for mobile or portable
onshore or offshore drilling rigs. These regulations do not
apply to vessels or transportation facilities subject to the
control of the Department of Transportation.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04367. 1977]
C-1332-77
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT ON SAFETY AND POLLUTION
CONTROL FOR OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OPERATIONS
Funke, M. F., and B. A. Weber. 1976.
Final report, HDL-TR-1780. 52p.
Offshore drilling, Oil transport, Pollution prevention, Oil
wells, Safety, OCS, Health hazards
An investigation has been made of the research, development, and
data gathering that would provide some of the tools to be used
to increase safety and decrease pollution hazards associated with
offshore oil and gas exploration and production. Methods have
been identified for reducing dangers (fire and explosion,
119
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asphyxiation, blowout, pollution, and unsafe rig conditions) to
which workers and structures are exposed during drilling, produc-
tion, and transportation operations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(7):#AD-A034 727/8GA.
1977]
C-1333-77
SPECIAL VEHICLES FOR SUPPORT OPERATIONS AND FIRE CONTROL WORK
IN THE NORTH SEA
Haavie, T. 1976.
Offshore North Sea Technology Conference, Stavanger, Norway,
1976. Stavanger, Norway, NOROIL Publishing House, 1976. Safety
and Environmental Protection Section, Paper S-lll/6. 24p. Summary.
Offshore development, Pollution prevention, Oil spills, North
Sea, *Support systems
Specialized materials and vehicles necessary in the support of
various phases of offshore oil activity and accident prevention
are outlined. The need for effective oil spill control and
recovery systems is mentioned.
C-1334-77
ACOUSTIC METHOD FOR DETECTING LEAKS FROM SUBMERGED PIPELINES
Holland, W. E., and G. R. Burrell. 1977.
U.S. Patent 4,001,764
Leakage, Pipelines, Detection, Patent, *Acoustic leak detection
A sonar device directs acoustic waves along the path of a
submerged pipeline, and the reflected waves are detected and
recorded. The location of escaping liquid is then determined
from the recorded reflected acoustic waves, the difference in
these waves resulting from the difference in acoustic impedances
between the escaping liquid and seawater.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(18):#233,070. 1977]
C-l335-77
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: INDUSTRY
Jagger, H. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution, J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.5-8. Institute of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975,
Oil industry, Environmental effects, Legislation, UK, Monitoring,
Oil spills, Wastewaters
A responsible approach by the British oil industry and environ-
mental legislation have successfully minimized environmental
120
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damage despite the industry's rapid growth. Monitoring of
liquid effluents and oil spills has kept environmental damage
to a minimum. Studies on the quality of oil industry products
have also proved important.
C-1336-77
OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE SOUTHERN BEAUFORT SEA
Logan, W. J., D. E. Thornton and S. L. Ross. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 31a. 126p.
Spill cleanup, Oil wells, Pollution control, Disposal,
Restoration, Beaches, Beaufort Sea
The feasibilities and limitation of controlling and cleaning
up oil spillage in the Beaufort Sea resulting from an oil well
blowout are analyzed. The Beaufort Sea environment is characterized
and behavior of a blowout is considered. An assessment of presently
available oil containment, removal and disposal techniques indicates
that some counter-measures could be employed in waters with less than
10% ice concentration and in sea conditions up to Beaufort 3. No
viable techniques are available for most ice conditions, and
cleanup and restoration of contaminated shorelines are limited to
sand and gravel beaches.
C-1337-77
OIL SPILL COUNTERMEASURES FOR THE BEAUFORT SEA: APPENDIX
Logan, W. J., D. E.Thornton, and S. L. Ross. 1976.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 31b.
Spill cleanup. Pollution control, Detection, Monitoring, Disposal,
Beaufort Sea, *Equipment evaluation
This reports presents technical data in support of information
presented in the Beaufort Sea Project technical report 31 a, a
study of oil spill countermeasures applicable to the Beaufort
Sea. Specifications and performance evaluations for oil detection,
monitoring, containment, cleanup, recovery and disposal procedures
and equipment are detailed and conceptual techniques are outlined.
121
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C-1338-77
BASIC TRENDS AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS IN THE PREVENTION OF WATER
AND ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION BY REFINERIES AND PETROCHEMICAL WORKS
[English summary]
Orlow, D. I. 1976.
Przemysl Chemiczny 55(9):454-458.
Refineries, Petrochemicals, Pollution prevention, Fuels, Waste-
water treatment
"A review,without references, of 2 basic treands, i.e., the use
of higher quality fuels and the improvement of the technology of
waste purification."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78141s. 1977]
C-1339-77
TWO CASE STUDIES OF THE PRACTICAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLLUTION
STANDARDS IN HARBOURS: ROTTERDAM EUROPOORT
Peters, H. T. J. 1976.
Environmental Law: International and Comparative Aspects:
A Symposium. J. Nowak (ed.). London, British Institute of
International and Comparative Law, 1976. p.114-132.
Legislation, Pollution control, Law enforcement, Harbors,
Tankers, Water quality, Netherlands
Dutch legislation governing water pollution is reviewed and
international influences on water quality management are
considered. Eighteen cleaning vessels of several hundred
tons capacity each are available for cleaning tanks of tankers
entering the harbors. Certain chemical slops and residues must
be brought ashore for treatment. The quantity of slops could
be reduced by structural modifications to the ships, improved
cleaning techniques, and introduction of special tanks for
certain bulk chemicals.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00980. 1977]
C-l340-77
ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL PROGRAM (AMOP)
Ross, S. L. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(1):23-30.
Spill cleanup, Disposal, Behavior, Detection, Arctic, *Arctic
Marine Oil Spill Program
The Canadian Government has recently approved and funded the
Arctic Marine Oil Spill Program (AMOP), a five-year technology
program to develop oil spill countermeasures for arctic waters.
This article describes the AMOP management structure and outlines
AMOP responsibilities and research and development objectives.
122
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A tentative list of 20 planned AMOP projects includes studies
on the effects and behavior of spilled oil and evaluation of
oil spill detection, monitoring, cleanup and disposal methods
and equipment.
C-1341-77
FREEWAY STORM RUNOFF WILL BE CLARIFIED
Rothstein, M. 1975.
Public Works 106(11):65.
Pollution prevention, Wastewater treatment, Michigan, *Freeway
runoff
A 26 km section of Interstate 696 in Michigan is prepared to
collect and treat all runoff before it enters Lake St. Clair.
A 240 m settling and skimming chamber will prevent silt, debris,
oil droppings and spills from entering and polluting the lake.
Operation of the treatment chamber is detailed.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(!):#!45.
1977]
C-l342^77
ANTIPOLLUTION TECHNOLOGIES IN PETROLEUM REFINING AND PREPARATION
[English summary]
Shibusawa, Y. 1975.
Nenryo-Kyokai-Shi 54(9) :723-729.
Pollution prevention, Refining, Oil transport, Oil spills,
Environmental effects, Oil industry
A review is given of the 9th World Petroleum Conference in which
20 papers on pollution prevention in oil refining, transport, and
usage were presented. The articles were divided into four
categories: (1) environmental protection in petroleum industries,
(2) oil spills and their effects on marine environments, (3) desul-
furization of oil and natural gas, and (4) exhaust emission controls.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(20):#144781d. 1977]
C-1343-77
FIGHTING POLLUTION
Siemens, A. H. 1977.
Marine Policy 1(1):70-71.
Pollution prevention, Law enforcement, Spill cleanup, Surveillance,
Source identification, USCG
The rapidly expanding areas of U.S. Coast Guard responsibility
related to marine pollution prevention and environmental protection
are discussed. A brief overview is presented of USCG programs for
oil spill detection, surveillance, spill cleanup, identification,
and regulation enforcement.
123
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C-1344-77
OIL SPILL RESPONSE TRAILER (product information)
Slickbar, Inc. n.d.
Slickbar, Inc., Saugatuck Station, Westport, CT 06880
Spill cleanup, Pollution control, Booms, Skimmers
A mobile oil spill response trailer is described which contains
and readily deploys equipment necessary for the control and
cleanup of spills. Among the equipment are 300 m of spill
containment booms, a 4.3 m work boat, a skimmer and pumping
system, and a portable holding tank for 11,000 1 of recovered
oil.
C-1345-77
EQUIPMENT UPDATE
Solsberg, L. 1977.
Spill Technology Newsletter 2(1}:;8-10.
Pollution control, Spill recovery, Skimmers, Canada, *Equipment
testing
The Environmental Emergency Branch of the Canada Environmental
Protection Service is sponsoring a testing and evaluation
program for spill control equipment. Included are evaluations
of the following: a heater system for the Oil Mop Mark II-9D
Skimmer which handles high viscosity oil products; the performance
of twenty different sorbent products; the suitability of pumps
for handling viscous fluids and "trash"; and the effectiveness of
several commercially available oil skimmer systems under arctic
conditions.
C-1346-77
TWO CASE STUDIES OF THE PRACTICAL ENFORCEMENT OF POLLUTION
STANDARDS IN HARBOURS: MILFORD HAVEN
Sullivan, J. A. 1976.
Environmental Law: International and Comparative Aspects:
A Symposium. J. Nowak (ed.). London, British Institute of
International and Comparative Law, 1976. p.137-144.
Oil spills, Harbors, Pollution control, Ships, Law enforcement,
UK, *Milford Haven
Statistical information on oil spills in Milford Haven, Britain's
largest oil port, is reported. The legal difficulties in control-
ling polluting ships entering United Kingdom ports are discussed.
The cooperation of five major international oil companies with
pollution control in Milford Haven has minimized the necessity
for legal measures.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00981. 1977]
124
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C-1347-77
JANE'S OCEAN TECHNOLOGY
Trillo, R. L. (ed.). 1976.
New York, Franklin Watts, Inc., 1976. 680p.
Offshore development, Oil spills, Design and engineering,
Regulations, Safety, Information systems, *0cean technology
This information source outlines underwater,surface, and air
systems equipment and techniques used in offshore operations.
Topics covered include oil spills, subsea safety regulations
and insurance factors, underwater processing operations, and
others.
125
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-1348-77
LIGHT INTENSITY AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY UNDER SEA ICE CONTAINING
OIL
Adams, W. A. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 29. 156p.
Ice, Phytoplankton, Algae, *Primary productivity, *0il-under-ice,
Beaufort Sea
Results are reported of an experimental field study and laboratory
analysis of the effects of oil entrapped under ice upon algal
primary productivity and light levels. Although light levels
under the oiled ice were about 50% lower than in control areas,
primary productivity, as measured by 14c uptake, and diversity
and abundance of phytoplankton species were all slightly higher
than in control areas. Minor differences in salinity, temperature,
and chemistry of the water under the oiled area were also noted.
The effects of burning off the contaminant oil are reported;
airborne particulates contaminated a wide area, speeded up surface
melting of ice, and resulted in a dense growth of blue-green and
macrophytic algae in surface pools.
C-1349-77
EFFECTS OF THE DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY OF THE CORINTHOS OIL SPILL
AT MARCUS HOOK ON JANUARY 31, 1975
Ahlert, R. C., W. Clement, H. H. Haskin, J. V. Hunter, and A.
Sheier. 1975.
Staff report, NSF/RA/E-75/193; Grant NSF-G42282. 15p.
Oil spills, Estuaries, Delaware River, Toxicity, Fish, *Corinthos
spill
Data collected subsequent to the Corinthos oil spill did not
indicate any 96 hr fish toxicity in the adjacent waters either
immediately or 60 hrs after the spill. Thus, whatever effects
that existed seem mainly to be concentrated in the vicinity of
the spill and disappeared rapidly thereafter.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#PB-262 734/7GA.
1977]
126
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C-1350-77
A DESCRIPTION AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING
THE PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Anderson, G. C., R. K. Lam, and B. Booth. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 6. p.35-58.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Oil spills, Primary
production, Food web, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
The primary production levels of the pelagic ecosystem in the
Gulf of Alaska were investigated to determine the short term
effects of oil spills and the long term effects of petroleum
development on the food web. Results of this baseline study
can be used to (1) compare conditions after petroleum develop-
ment with the natural range of values in the pelagic ecosystem
and (2) predict the types of modifications which may result due
to a large scale oil spill.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01844. 1977]
C-1351-77
OIL BIOASSAYS WITH THE AMERICAN OYSTER, CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA
(GMELIN)
Anderson, R. D., and J. W. Anderson. 1976.
Report, NOAA-77010621; Grant NOAA-04-3-158-18. 8p. Proceedings
of the National Shellfisheries Association. Vol. 65: p.38-42.
Dispersions, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Mollusks, *0yster,
*Crassostrea virgi'nica
The oysters were exposed to oil-water dispersions of two crude
and two partially refined petroleum hydrocarbons and a reference
toxin. No. 2 fuel oil and Venezuela bunker C oil were found to
be more toxic than the two crude oils tested, South Louisiana
and Kuwait. Oysters demonstrated greater resistance to test
oils than to the reference toxin, dodecyl sodium sulfate. Valve
closure by oysters made it difficult to determine percent
mortality data in 96 hr or extended time studies.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9) :#PB-263 850/OGA.
1977]
C-1352-77
No title given (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Chemical and Engineering News 55(11):20.
Natural seepage, Chronic effects, Marine organisms, Hydrocarbons,
Santa Barbara Channel
A study of the sublethal effects of natural chronic exposure of
marine organisms to oil seeps from the Santa Barbara
127
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Channel revealed no evidence of malformations or change in total
biomass. However, petroleum hydrocarbons were found in sea
urchins, mussels, and in the viscera of abalone and lobster.
C-1353-77
DATA SHOWS CRUDE OIL LEAVES NO SIDE EFFECTS (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 38(5):352.
Crude oil, Marine organisms, Biological effects, Platforms,
Natural seepage, Chronic effects, API
A recent summarization of API-sponsored research concludes
that crude oil from offshore platforms or natural seeps appears
not to effect population levels and diversity of marine life
and has negligible effects on growth or reproduction of marine
organisms. The contaminated organisms seem to rapidly purge
themselves once exposure has been terminated; and no abnormal
growths or tumors are reported from organisms inhabiting areas
under or near platforms or natural seeps.
C-1354-77
TOXIC REFLECTIONS ON AN OIL SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Science News 111(20):311.
Oil spills, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Microorganisms, Yeasts, *Ultra-
violet light exposure
Fuel oil experimentally exposed to summertime levels of ultra-
violet light was found to produce highly toxic peroxides and
acidic compounds by photooxidation. Toxicity to microorganisms
such as yeasts reached a maximum within 24 hours. If applied
during the first 24 hours of the oil's exposure to light, a
mildly reducing agent called thiacyclohexane was found to
markedly suppress the toxicity of the spill.
C-1355-77
WORLD WAR II EAST1COAST OIL SPILLS DID LITTLE HARM
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(4):45-46.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Shorelines, Atlantic coast,
*World War II spills
During World War II, especially between January and June of 1942,
20 times as much oil was spilled from tankers sunk by German
submarines as from the "Argo Merchant" which split apart in
December, 1976, off Cape Cod. Conclusions drawn by researchers
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who analyzed the
spills and evaluated historical and present-day effects on
shoreline .ecology revealed that these spills caused no apparent
long term damage.
128
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C-1356-77
RESPONSES OF THE LICHENS PELTIGERA APHTHOSA AND CETRARIA
NIVALIS AND THE ALGA NOSTOC COMMUNE TO SULFUR DIOXIDE, NATURAL
GAS, AND CRUDE OIL IN ARCTIC ALASKA
Atlas, R. M., and E. Schofield. 1975.
Astarte 8(2)-.53-60.
Plants, *Lichens, Algae, Biological effects, Crude oil, Arctic,
Alaska
The sensitivity of Arctic populations of the title organisms to
natural gas, sulfur dioxide and crude oil was determined by
measuring rates of N fixation, C02 fixation, and 02 consumption.
Prudhoe crude oil severely inhibited both N£ and C02 fixation.
Lichens appeared to be less sensitive to the pollutants than
the free alga.
[from Biological Abstracts 63(3):#14221. 1977]
/
C-1357-77
ECOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MILFORD HAVEN DURING ITS HISTORY AS AN OIL
PORT
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.55-66. Institute of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Ports, Oil spills, Wastewaters, Refineries, Environmental effects,
Marine organisms, UK, *Milford Haven
The current ecological state of Mil ford Haven after 15 years of
industrialization is described. There are still no overall
changes which can be attributed to the oil industry. Oil spills
have caused short term localized effects, the most severe of such
effects occurring over about one mile of shore as a result of
the "Dona Marika" oil spill of 1973. Localized chronic effects
in Little Wick Bay are associated with a refinery effluent, and
the death of a patch of Spartina marsh at Martinshaven may also
have resulted from chronic pollution. Unidentified slicks outside
the mouth of the Haven have been a cause for concern.
C-1358-77
THE FIELD STUDIES COUNCIL OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.17-19. Institue of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil spills, Monitoring, Wastewaters, Refineries, Biological effects,
Ports, UK, *Milford Haven, *0il Pollution .Research Unit
A brief review is presented of the background and the current status
and involvement of the Field Studies Council Oil Pollution Research
129
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Unit in restoring the polluted Mil ford Haven port to an ecological
balance. The effects of oil and dispersants on the behavior of
marine species are described and the monitoring of toxic substances
along the port's rocky shores and salt marshes is discussed.
C-1359-77
INVESTIGATION OF REFINERY EFFLUENT EFFECTS THROUGH FIELD SURVEYS
Baker, J. M. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. Institute of Petroleum/Field Studies
Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Biological effects, Marshes, Shorelines,
Vegetation, UK
Field surveys were carried out to find the species and areas
affected by refinery effluent discharges. It is possible to
classify effluents according to their ecological effects, and
the effluent dispersal characteristics form the best basis for
such a classification. Well dispersed offshore discharges from
modern refineries may not cause any measurable biological changes;
however, poorly dispersed discharges (in mudflat or salt marsh
areas) may greatly reduce species near the effluent. Both salt
and freshwater marsh vegetation are capable of surviving at least
some chronic oil pollution. The deliberate management of such
communities as a final stage in effluent treatment is mentioned.
C-1360-77
AN OIL SPILL IN THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN
Baker, J. M., et al. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.441-472. International Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Metula spill, Biological effects, Birds, Mollusks, Algae, Fisheries,
Strait of Magellan
The short and long term effects of the "Metula" oil spill are
described. An estimated 3000 to 4000 cormorants and penguins
were killed and some mussel beds and algae were contaminated,
but no reports were received of damage to commercial fisheries.
130
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C-1361-77
RESPONSE OF SOME BLACK SEA HYDROBIONTS IN AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT
FIELD DURING POISONING WITH DISSOLVED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS [in Russian]
Balaev, L. A., N. D. Mazmanidi, and T. R. Bazhashvili. 1976.
Voprosy Ikhtiologii 16(4):715-720.
Petroleum products, Toxicity, Marine organisms, Fish,Benthos,
Black Sea, *Shrimp, *Electrical currents
Increased sensitivity to electrical currents was the property
used to measure the toxicity of dissolved petroleum products to
six species of Black Sea organisms. Pelagic fish were sensitive
to lower concentrations of petroleum products than benthic species.
Shrimp were more resistant to the petroleum pollutants than any
of the fish species.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(15):#101548v. 1977]
C-1362-77
POSSIBILITY OF THE TISSUE ACCUMULATION AND ELIMINATION OF 3,4-
BENZOPYRENE FROM FISH [English summary]
Baranova, L. N., P. P. Dikun, I. N. Ostroumova, and L. A. Timoshina.
1976.
Voprosy Onkologii 22(11):102-105.
Petroleum products, PAH, Uptake, Release, Fish, *3,4-benzopyrene
In this study, 3,4-benzopyrene was not found to accumulate in the
tissues of carp and rainbow trout exposed to diets containing this
substance for one year. Relative amounts of dietary 3,4-benzopyrene
excreted in unchanged form were higher in winter than in summer.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(ll):#66583z. 1977]
C-1363-77
SURVEY OF MARINE COMMUNITIES IN PANAMA AND EXPERIMENTS WITH OIL
Birkeland, C., A. A. Reimer, and J. R. Young. 1976.
Report EPA-600/3-76-028, Contract No. 14-12-874. 176p.
Fuel oil, Marine organisms, Biological effects, Tropical regions,
Intertidal zone, Corals
Effects of oil pollution on tropical intertidal marine communities
were tested by controlled experiments using tarry Bunker C and
volatile marine diesel oils. Bunker C had a greater detrimental
effect than did marine diesel on coral growth. Marine diesel had
a greater detrimental effect on fouling communities of settling
plates. Susceptibility to oil pollution varied significantly
between individuals.
131
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C-1364-77
AN OIL SPILL IN AN ALPINE HABITAT
Blesky, J. 1975.
Northwest Science 49(3):141-146.
Oil spills, Environmental deterioration, Vegetation, Washington,
*Alpine meadow
A study was made of the damage to vegetation caused by a spill
of 26,500 1 (7,000 gal) of diesel fuel into an alpine meadow
near Mt. Baker, Washington. Most herbaceous plants in the
Carex nigricans and Phyllodoce empetriformis - Cassiope
mertensiana associations were killed; woody species were severely
damaged but survived the effects of the oil. Root systems of the
plants escaped major damage. One year later C^. nigricans and C_.
lenticularis and various mosses were invading the area.
[from Ecological Abstracts 1976(4) :#76 L/2813. 1976]
C-1365-77
A FOUR-YEAR ANALYSIS OF VEGETATION FOLLOWING AN OIL SPILL IN A
FRESH WATER MARSH
Burk, C. J. 1976.
Report No. Completion-FY-76-15, Pub-71, W77-00147; OWRT-A-042-MASS
(2). 46p. PB-258, 766/5GA.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Plants, Sampling, Marshes,
*Species reduction
Total plant cover and diversity measured by species richness, mean
species per quadrant, and the Shannon-Wiener function were progres-
sively reduced in both high and mid-marsh zones for two years
after the spill. Eighteen of the species found before the spill
were not found the season following. Perennial species tended to
be less affected by the oil immediately following the spillage
than, annual species.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(19):#233,281. 1977]
C-l366-77
EFFECT OF THE WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION OF CRUDE, REFINED AND WASTE
OILS ON THE EMBRYONIC AND LARVAL STAGES OF THE QUAHOG CLAM,
MERCENARIA SP.
Byrne, C. J. and J. A. Calder. 1977.
Marine Biology 40(3):225-231.
Toxicity, Mollusks, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Waste oil, *Clams,
*Mercenaria sp.
The effects of crude and fuel oils on the survival and growth
rates of the quahog clam, Mercenaria sp., were investigated.
Kuwait crude was the least toxic oil and waste crankcase oil
was the most toxic,while Bunker C and No. 2 fuel oil had
intermediate values. Surviving larvae exposed to the various
oils grew at slower rates than controls.
132
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C-1367-77
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON THE GROWTH OF
MARINE BACTERIA IN BATCH CULTURE
Calder, J. A., and J. H. Lader. 1976.
Report NSF/IDOE-76-184; Grant NSF-ID073-09745. 8p.
Bacteria, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Biological effects
The growth rate and maximum cell density of marine bacteria in
batch cultures were found to decrease with increasing concentra-
tions of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicity levels were
observed to increase inversely with solubility, and partial
oxidation of naphthalene caused complete cessation of growth at
high concentrations.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(6):#PB-261 893/2G.
1977]
C-1368-77
ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF SEAWATER EXTRACTS OF ALASKAN
CRUDE OIL TO ZOEAE OF THE DUNGENESS CRAB, CANCER MAGISTER DANA
Caldwell, R. S. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.345-375.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Crustaceans, Acute effects, Chronic effects,
Alaska, *Cancer magister Dana, *Water soluble fraction
The seawater soluble fraction of Cook Inlet crude oil was found
to be acutely toxic to first instar C_. magister larvae, but no
toxic effects were noted for a 1/10 dilution of this fraction
during long-term exposures. Under similar conditions naphthalene
had no toxic effects; benzene resulted in reduced larval survival
suggesting that benzene may account for a major portion of the
toxicity of the fraction.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01873. 1977]
C-1369-77
EFFECTS OF IRANIAN CRUDE OIL ON THE RED SEA OCTOCORAL
HETEROXENIA FUSCESCENS
Cohen, Y., A. Nissenbaum, and R. Eisler. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 12(3):173-186.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Acute effects, Corals, Red Sea,
*Heteroxenia fuseescens
Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of Iranian crude oil on
colonies of the Red Sea octocoral Heteroxenia fuscescens were
studied under static and continuous flow assay conditions.
Static bioassays showed the crude oil concentration of 12 ml/I
to be 50% fatal, whereas continuous flow bioassays showed no
133
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deaths at concentrations of 10 ml/1. Gas chromatographic
analysis of the hydrocarbon composition of exposed Heteroxenla.
indicated that petroleum derived hydrocarbons were incorporated
into tissues and this exposure to high sublethal oil levels
could result in long term deleterious effects.
C-1370-77
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO HYDRO-
CARBONS OF PETROLEUM ON THE NEAR-SHORE FISHES OF THE BERING SEA
DeVries, A. L. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.1-14.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Fish, Acute effects, Chronic effects,
Bering Sea, Alaska
Toxicity data for water soluble hydrocarbons on Bering Sea
fishes are given. The effects of temperature and oxygen
consumption on hydrocarbon toxicity to fishes are presented.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01864. 1977]
C-1371-77
THE EFFECTS OF REFINERY EFFLUENTS: THE CASE HISTORY OF A SALT-
MARSH
Dicks, B. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.227-245. Institue of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Wastewaters, Refineries, Biological effects, Vegetation,
Marshes, UK, *Saltmarsh
A Spartina saltmarsh in Southampton Water, which has had a
refinery effluent discharged through its creek since 1951, was
surveyed biologically in 1969 and 1970 to assess the extent of
ecological damage. The saltmarsh has been resurveyed twice
a year since 1972 to monitor any changes in the distribution
of plant species in association with an effluent improvement
program started by the refinery. Survey results are presented
and discussed.
134
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C-1372-77
THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNS IN TOXICITY TESTING AND
ECOLOGICAL PREDICTION
Dicks, B. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.303-319. Institute of Petroleum/Field
Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Toxicity, Contaminants, Marine organisms, Behavior, *Sublethal
effects
Toxicity tests for oil pollutants which rely on mortality of a
test organism do not take into account that changes in behavior
in response to sub-lethal doses of pollutant may have far-
reaching ecological effects, and that natural rhythm in an
animal's activity may substantially influence its susceptibility
to pollutants. Examples are given which illustrate these points.
C-1373-77
ACUTE HYDROCARBON INTOXICATION IN A COMMON SEAL PHOCA VITULINA
[in French]
Duguy, R., and P. Babin. 1976.
Annales de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles de la Charente-
Maritime 6(3):194-196.
Marine mammals, Toxicity, Hydrocarbons, Acute effects, *Seals,
*Phoca Vitulina
Summary not available.
[from Bioresearch Index 13(2):#9854. 1977]
C-1374-77
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF OILS
Environmental Protection Agency. 1974.
July 1 - December 1974 semi-annual report, Environmental
Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island Laboratory.
p.120-123.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, *Water soluble fractions
Summary not available.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic Waters.
Northwest Marine Fisheries Center, September, 1976]
135
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C-1375-77
SUMMARY TABULATION OF SELECTED EPA ACTIVITIES CONCERNING TOXIC
CHEMICALS
Environmental Protection Agency. 1976.
Report PB-253172. 19p.
Contaminants, Fuel oil, Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, *Fuel additives
"The toxicities of air and water pollutants, including
pesticides, fuel oil, hydrocarbons and fuel additives are
tabulated."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78069z. 1977]
C-1376-77
THE ARCTIC COASTAL ENVIRONMENT OF ALASKA. VOL. II: A COMPILA-
TION AND REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE OF THE ARCTIC MARINE
ENVIRONMENT
Feder, H. M., D. G. Shaw, and A. S. Naidu. 1976.
Sea Grant Report No. 76-9, SG-04-5-158-35. 207p.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Marine organisms, Arctic,
Alaska, *Prudhoe Bay
"This reference, for the convenience of the user, is divided
into eleven chapters as follows: Physical Oceanography; Chemical
and Geological Oceanography; Plankton; Benthic Algae; General
Ecological and Biological Studies; Ice Algae; Benthic Microalgae
and Primary Production; Benthic Invertebrates; Fishes; Marine
Birds and Mammals; Environmental Impact; and Oil Pollution:
Environmental Effects of an Oil Spill at Prudhoe Bay."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(6):#W77-02665.
1977]
C-1377-77
FATE OF LABELED N-ALKANES IN THE BLUE CRAB AND STRIPPED [sic]
MULLET
Geiszler, P. C., B. J. Grantham, and G. J. Blomquist. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17(4):463-
467.
Hydrocarbons, Uptake, Release, Metabolism, Fish, Crustaceans,
*Labeled n-alkanes
A laboratory study was conducted on the differences in uptake,
release and metabolism of long-chain n-alkanes in the blue
crab, Callinectes sapidus, and the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus.
The blue crab rapidly took up and within 14 days discharged
most of the labeled n-alkanes without metabolizing them. The
mullet readily metabolized ingested n-alkanes, probably via
microorganisms in the gut. The n-alkanes absorbed via the gills
were metabolized to a lesser degree.
136
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C-1378-77
PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF OIL ON PINNIPEDS
Gentry, R., and W. B. McAlister. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p. 15-23
Oil spills, Biological effects, Marine mammals, Metabolism,
Alaska, *Physiology, *Pinnipeds
Field and laboratory physiological measurements were taken of
pinnipeds and otters encountering an oil spill. Oil fouling
of the fur was found to impair its insulative properties,
leading to an altered metabolic rate and decreased diving
performance.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01865. 1977]
C-l379-77
THE INVESTIGATIONS OF THE OIL POLLUTION ON THE POLISH COAST OF
THE BALTIC SEA IN 1970-1974 [English Summary]
Gorski, W., B. Jakuczun, C. Nitecki, and A. Petryna. 1976.
Przeglad Zoologiczny 20(l):81-87.
Birds, Contamination, Statistics, Baltic Sea, *Mortality
Investigations of the effect of oil pollution on seabirds in
the Baltic Sea were conducted from 1970-1974 and 3900 dead birds
were recorded as having died form oiled feathers or oil ingestion.
The highest mortality was recorded during the winter months and
the highest fatalities were among the scooters, longtailed ducks,
auks, and gulls.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1902. 1977]
C-l380-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON CORALS
Grant, E. M. 1975.
International Ocean Development Conference, 3rd, Tokyo, 1975.
Vol. 4, Marine Pollution, p. 154-190. [Available from Secretary
of International Ocean Development Conference, Japan Management
Association, Tokyo, Japan.]
Crude oil, Corals, Biological effects, *Growth, *Great Barrier Reef
On an emergent coral reef of the Great Barrier Reef, living corals
were experimentally oiled for several hours. Their subsequent
survival and growth were monitored for 4.5 months, and both the
corals and associated fauna appeared to survive unharmed.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(4}:#028815. 1977]
137
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C-1381-77
ALTERED YOLK STRUCTURE AND REDUCED HATCHABILITY OF EGGS FROM
BIRDS FED SINGLE DOSES OF PETROLEUM OILS
Grau, C. R., T. Roudybush, J. Dobbs, and J. Wathen. 1977.
Science 195(4280):779-781.
Fuel oil, Biological effects, Birds, *Yolk structure, *Egg
hatchability
Single doses containing 200 mg of bunker C oil were fed to
Japanese quail and were found to result in abnormal structure
and staining properties of deposited yolk for 24 hours after
ingestion. Fewer eggs were laid for 4 days after dosing and
hatchability was drastically reduced. Three other reference
oils were tested on quail, Canada geese,and chickens and were
found to affect yolk structure.
C-1382-77
TOXIC EFFECTS OF WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF CRUDE, REFINED,
AND WEATHERED OILS ON THE GROWTH OF A MARINE BACTERIUM
Griffin, L. F., and J. A. Calder. 1977.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 33(5):1092-1140.
Crude oil, *Refined oil, Toxicity, Metabolism, Bacteria,
Marine organisms, Weathering
Water soluble fractions of three crude and two refined oils
inhibited the growth rate and maximum cell density of the
marine bacterium, Serratia marinorubra. grown in batch culture.
Simulated weathering of a crude and refined oil in the laboratory
formed water soluble fractions that were significantly more
toxic than the parent unweathered oils.
C-1383-77
INTRA- AND INTERSPECIFIC VARIABILITY IN TOLERANCE OF SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA LITTQRINA PLANAXIS AND LITTORINA SCUTULATA TO
PETROLEUM
Hadley, D. 1977.
Environmental Research 13(2):186-208.
Petroleum products, Biological effects, Mollusks, Southern
California, *Tolerance variability, *Littorina
Variations were observed in tolerance of Littorina to different
petroleum at 6, 17 and 29°C, as indicated by mortality rate and
rate of animal attachment to substrate. While L_. scutulata
exhibited a greater tolerance to various conditions at 6°C,
L.. planaxis had a greater tolerance at 29°C. Gasoline had the
greatest influence .on attachment rates at all temperatures, and
kerosene had the least effect. There was no consistent attach-
ment rate trend among crude oils; however, their influence was
intermediate between that of gasoline and kerosene.
138
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C-1384-77
THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS ON WILDLIFE- AN OVERVIEW
Hartung, R. 1976.
Wildlife Diseases. L. A. Page (ed.). New York, Plenum Press,
1976. p.317-332.
Crude oil, Contamination, Birds, Wildlife, Acute effects,
Chronic effects
A brief review is presented of the effects on wildlife of
environmental contamination by mercury, lead, chlorinated
hydrocarbons, and oil. The section on oil pollution deals
primarily with acute and long term effects of spills and
chronic contamination on waterfowl.
C-1385-77
EFFECTS OF FOUR OILS ON MARINE BACTERIAL POPULATIONS: CONTROLLED
ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT
Hodson, R. E., F. Azam, and R. F. Lee. 1977.
Bulletin of Marine Science 27(1) :119-126.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Bacteria, Coasts, Canada,
*Glucose uptake
The effects of Louisiana and Kuwait crudes, No. 2, and Bunker
C fuel oils on heterotrophic uptake and mineralization of
D-glucose by microbial populations from Saanich Inlet, Canada,
were examined. All oils inhibited uptake and mineralization,
with the two processed oils being more toxic than the crude oils.
Populations did not acquire tolerance to oil after one month's
exposure.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232,315. 1977]
C-1386-77
SCIENTISTS FIND NO ILL EFFECTS FROM TORPEDOED WWII OIL TANKERS -
ARGO MERCHANT'S 6 MILLION GALLONS ONLY A FRACTION OF 1942 SPILLS
Kurd, S. B. 1977.
Sea Grant '70s 7(8):4-5.
Oil spills, *1942 WWII spills, Tankers, Atlantic coast, Environ-
mental effects, Movement
About 530 million liters (145 million gallons) of oil were spilled
along the U.S. East Coast in 1942 as tankers were sunk by German
submarines. Recent research by Massachusetts Institute of
Technology scientists, using historical records of 1942 spills
and their effects and computer simulation of spill movement
trajectories, indicates that few if any long-term adverse effects
on the coastal environments resulted from the spills.
139
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C-1387-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ASSESSMENT PROJECT. RAZOR CLAM HABITAT
SURVEY - GULF OF ALASKA
Kaiser, R. J., and D. Konigsberg. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 6. p.17-31.
Oil spills, Biological effects, OCS, Mollusks, Habitat, Offshore
development, Gulf of Alaska, *Clams, Baseline studies
The extent of the Pacific razor clam populations in the Gulf of
Alaska between Unimak Bight and the 139 degree West longitude is
defined,and the importance of this clam in terms of recreational
and commercial utilization is reported. Since most of the impor-
tant razor clam beaches are near areas of current or proposed oil
development, the habitat of this species on the open beaches makes
it vulnerable to possible oil spills.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01843. 1977]
C-1388-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL INGREDIENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND OXYGEN
UPTAKE OF HARD CLAM MERETRIX LUSORIA (RODING) [English summary]
Lee, B. D., T. Y. Lee, and P. Chin. 1975.
Pusan Susan Taehak Haeyang Kwahak Yonguso Yongu Pogo 8:31-38.
Crude oil, Mollusks, Biological effects, *Larvae, *0xygen uptake,
*Meretrix lusoria
The effects of crude oil components on the cleavage, larval
development and oxygen consumption of the title organism were
determined. Abnormalities produced by using 3 and 10 ppm of
hexane-extractable organics were 47.1% and 43.1%, respectively,
of the control value. Oxygen consumption was decreased 25.9%
by the presence of 5 ppm hexane extractable organics, 29.1% in
a medium containing 10 ppm phenols, and 42.8% in a medium
containing 0.5 ppm sulfides.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(13):#84370g. 1977]
C-1389-77
EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON THE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND
PRODUCTIVITY OF SALT MARSH EPIPHYTIC COMMUNITIES. PROGESS
REPORT, SEPTEMBER 1, 1975 -AUGUST 31, 1976
Lee, J. J. 1976.
ERDA report, COO-3254-32; Contract E(ll-l)-3254. 200p.
Crude oil, Phytoplankton, Marshes, Biological effects,
*Environmental stress, *Diatoms
The studies conducted on environmental stress included an in situ
incubation subproject aimed at testing the effects of water quality,
140
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heavy metals, and crude oil on natural assemblages of diatoms.
Observed changes in the diatom assemblages enriched by various
pollutants are compared.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(1):#3859. 1977]
C-1390-77
THE EFFECTS OF THE WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL
ON THE SURVIVAL AND BEHAVIOR OF COASTAL AND OCEANIC ZOOPLANKTON
Lee, W. Y., and J. A. C. Nicol. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 12(4) :279-292.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Acute effects, Behavior, Zooplankton,
*Water soluble fractions
Acute effects of water-soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil on
both coastal and oceanic zooplankton were studied and their
LCso for various exposure times (1 to 72 hr) were compared. Coastal .
zooplankton seemed to be more resistant than oceanic zooplankton,
probably due to the dissimilar species composition of the two populations.
C-1391-77
SURVIVAL OF TWO SPECIES OF AMPHIPODS IN AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF
PETROLEUM OILS
Lee, W. Y., M. F. Welch, and J. A. C. Nicol. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(4):92-94.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Crustaceans, *Amphipods
No. 2 fuel oil and Southern Louisiana crude were toxic at
concentrations of 0.8 ppm and 2.4 ppm, respectively. Mortalities
increased with the concentration and length of exposure. Few or
no young were produced at these and higher concentrations. The
amphipods are more sensitive to aqueous extracts of these oils
than benthic polychaetes and shrimp for which data are available.
C-1392-77
EFFECTS OF REFINERY WASTES ON LITTORAL ECOLOGY [English summary]
Le Petit, J., M. -H. N'Guyen, and S. Tagger. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(l):41-56.
Refineries, Wastewaters, Biodegradation, Environmental effects,
Marine 'organisms, Bacteria, Phytoplankton, France
The effects of effluent from a petroleum refinery in southern
France on the ocean environment, phytoplankton production, and
bacterial populations were studied. Bacteria utilizing gas-oil
as the sole source of carbon were found to comprise 10% of the
heterotrophic bacteria in the effluent area and 4% in an uncon-
taminated control area. Physical and chemical conditions in the
effluent area are favorable for hydrocarbon degradation by bacteria.
141
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C-1393-77
THE EFFECT OF KUWAIT CRUDE OIL AND THE DISPERSANT BP1100X ON
THE LUGWORM, ARENICOLA MARINA L.
Level 1, D. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.131-185. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Crude oil, Dispersants, Biological effects, Polychaetes, UK,
*Arenico1a marina L5 *Milford Haven
This paper describes field experiments on /L marina L. carried
out at a small estuary in Mil ford Haven. A single spillage of
pollutants caused a 25-50% reduction in population density;
four successive spillages resulted in eradication of the original
Arenicola population of 20-25/0.25 m2. The influence of surface
water and heavy rainfall on the extent of the pollutant effect
was also determined. In studies to measure the effect of
pollution by Kuwait crude oil on the feeding behavior, it was
found that between 50 and 75% of the original population
recovered normal feeding activity.
C-1394-77
CHANGES IN THE FLORA OF SOIL FUNGI FOLLOWING OIL WASTE APPLICATION
Llanos C., and A. Kjoller. 1976.
Oikos 27(3):377-382.
Crude oil, Waste oil, Soil, Biological effects, Fungi,
Biodegradation
The application of oil to soil resulted in an increase in the
number of colony-forming units and in the length of mycelium
of soil fungi of several genera. The treatment favored the
growth of Graphium and Paeci1omyces which were almost absent
in control areas. Biodegradation of crude oil and pure hydro-
carbons by these dominating fungi was demonstrated in culture.
[from Biological Abstracts 63(6)-.#35838. 1977]
C-1395-77
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS AS REFLECTED BY MORPHOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL,
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL INDICES
Malins, D. C., H. 0. Hodgins, and D. D. Weber. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.119-138.
Crude oil, Toxicitys Fish, Alaska, *Liver and skin tissues
The effects of crude oil on the cell biology of liver and skin
tissues of trout, salmon, and sole are reported. The depletion
142
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of glycogen and lipid in the liver and of mucus at the skin
surface of all three fish is considered to be due to the
effects of oil. However, feeding high levels of crude oil to
sexually maturing trout for six months did not result in
mortality, damage to spawning, or impaired viability of eggs
and sperm.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4}:#W77-01869. 1977]
C-1396-77
IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR PROCESSES IN BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OF
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND TRACE METALS
Malins, D. C., W. L. Reichert, and W. T. Roubal. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.139-153.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Fish, Crustaceans, Alaska,
Uptake, Release, *Biotransformation
The physiological and biological effects of hydrocarbons on
salmon, flatfish, and spotted shrimp are evaluated and identified,
and uptake and depuration studies of hydrocarbons are reported.
Trace metal effects on salmon and flatfish are also presented.
Emphasis is placed on the establishment and standardization of
experimental techniques.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):IW77-01870. 1977]
C-1397-77
THE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS ON SOME OF THE ASPECTS
OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES
Masmanidi, N. D., and 6. I. Kovaleva. 1975.
Journal of Ichthyology 15(5):811-816.
Toxicity, Petroleum products, Metabolism, Fish, Invertebrates
It is concluded from the similarity of the reaction of fish,
mussels and shrimps to the effects of acute, subacute and
chronic toxicity to petroleum that there may be a single
mechanism in the action of dissolved petroleum products on
living structures.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(8}:#W77-04030. 1977]
143
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C-1398-77
ACUTE TOXIC EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM REFINERY WASTEWATERS ON REDEAR
SUNFISH
Matthews, J. E., and L. H. Myers. 1976.
EPA/600/2-74-241. 62p.
Toxicity, Wastewaters, Refineries, Freshwater, Fish, Acute
effects, *Redear sunfish
Static bioassays of 24 hours' duration were performed using
samples of wastewaters provided by 22 domestic oil refineries
and redear sunfish as test organisms. Twenty-four hour 50 per-
cent tolerance limits of the wastewaters are compared with
results of chemical analyses performed during the same study.
Toxicity varied considerably between refineries and for waste
streams within a single refinery. Results of analyses and
observed behavioral symptoms of distressed fish revealed that
ammonia, sulfides, and phenolics were major contributors to
toxicity in most samples.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(8):#PB-262 913/7GA.
1977]
C-1399-77
ACUTE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO FATHEAD MINNOWS
Mattson, V. R., J. W. Arthur, and C. T. Walbridge. 1976.
Report EPA-600/3-76-097. 13p.
Hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Acute effects, Fish, *Fathead minnows
Juvenile fathead minnows were exposed to five classes of organic
compounds: acids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones and aldehydes,
and phenols. Alcohols were generally 10-100-fold less toxic
than the four other classes of compounds which had similar
toxicity ranges. Hydrocarbons were intermediate in toxicity
between pentachlorophenol, the most lethal chemical, and
ethanol, the least toxic.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(17):#115743n. 1977]
C-1400-77
FIELD STUDIES SHOW OIL PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT REMAIN
COMPATIBLE
Mertens, E. W. 1977.
Oil and Gas Journal 75(10):124,126
Crude oil, Marine organisms, Biological effects, Platforms,
Natural seepage, API, Chronic effects
A brief synopsis is given of several field studies examining the
effects of chronic low-level exposure of marine life to oil
spills. These studies, sponsored by the American Petroleum
Institute, indicate that "low-level chronic exposure to oil
has, at most, negligible effects on marine life"; and that
platforms provide a structure that'supports a thriving, highly
complex community of marine life.
144
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C-1401-77
PETROLEUM POLLUTION [in Russian]
Mironov, 0. 6. 1976.
Itogi Nauki Tekhniki, Obshchaya Ekologiya, Biotsenologiya,
Gidrobiologiya 3:81-109.
Petroleum products, Crude oil, Contamination, Biological effects
"A review with 68 references on water pollution by petroleum and
its biological effects."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(13):#84261x. 1977]
C-1402-77
OIL POLLUTION AND ORIELTON (book review)
Nelson-Smith, A. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):71-72.
Oil spills, Tankers, Ports, Biological effects, Marine organisms,
Shorelines, Marshes, Metula spill, UK, *Milford Haven
The author reviews the book, "Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution"
(J. M. Baker (ed.). Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers,
1976. 566p.), a collection of three published proceedings of
the Oil Pollution Research Unit of the Field Studies Council.
The majority of the text deals with the Mil ford Haven oil port
and the effects of tanker traffic on the plankton, birds, and
seals of the rocky shores and salt marshes. Also included are
accounts of the "Metula" spill and 216 other oil spillages reported
over the last 15 years.
C-1403-77
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND EFFECTS OF WATER EXTRACTS OF PETROLEUM
ON EGGS OF THE SAND DOLLAR MELITTA QUINQUIESPERFORATA
Nicol, J. A. C., W. H. Donahue, R. T. Wang, and K. Winters. 1977.
Marine Biology 40(4):309-316.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Marine organisms, Echinoderms,
*Sand dollars
The effects of Kuwait crude and No. 2 fuel oils on the sperm and
eggs of the sand dollar, Melitta qulnquiesperforata were determined.
Water soluble fractions of No. 2 fuel oil depressed respiration,
inhibited the mobility of sperm, interfered with fertilization
and cleavage, and retarded larval development. Kuwait crude was
much less toxic, showing interference at the first cleavage stage
only.
145
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C-1404-77
THE EFFECTS OF OILS AND OIL COMPONENTS ON ALGAE: A REVIEW
O'Brien, P. Y., and P. S. Dixon. 1976.
British Phycological Journal 11(2):115-142.
Algae, Biological effects, Metabolism, Uptake, *Photosynthesis,
*Respiration
Physiological effects of oil are discussed under the headings
of (1) physical and chemical factors; (2) photosynthesis;
(3) respiration; (4) accumulation; and (5) nucleic acids.
Exposure to oil has been shown to cause a depressive effect on
algal photosynthesis and to result in aquatic biotas of reduced
diversity. However, it appears in general that algae are able
to withstand the effects of oil more effectively than susceptible
animals.
[from Applied Ecology Abstracts 3(1):#3D860. 1977]
C-1405-77
THE CHANGING BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE SEA
O'hEocha, C. 1976.
Technology Ireland 8(1):18-21.
Marine organisms, Contamination, Biological effects, *Metabolic
interactions
Organic compounds in marine organisms affect the regulation of
the growth of organisms, the chemical alteration of constituents
of other organisms, and the transmission of signals between
organisms. If these interactions are interrupted, stress is
placed on the individual organisms. For example, petroleum
pollution threatens marine life by interfering with the
facilities for chemoreception which enables organisms to detect
food or sexual partners.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00674. 1977]
C-1406-77
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE GLOBAL POLLUTION OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT
[English summary]
Patin, S. A. , 1976.
Okeanologiya 16(4):621-626.
Contamination, Oceans, Petroleum products, Biological effects,
Food web, Phytoplankton
The sources and the degree of world ocean pollution by petroleum
and petroleum products are presented; petroleum concentration
levels are reported for both pelagic and shelf waters. The food
web may be in danger due to a decrease in photosynthetic intensity
and in the biomass of phytoplankton leading to a decrease in
nekton production.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1876. 1977]
146
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C-1407-77
OIL SPILLS: EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON MARINE ORGANISMS (letter to
editor)
Payne, J. F. 1977.
Science 196(4285):10.
Oil spills, Biological effects, Chronic effects, Marine organisms
The letter supports P. H. Abel son's editorial, "Oil Spills,"
[Science 195(4274): 137] which in part questioned the reported
disastrous effects of oil spills. The writer's own field and
laboratory studies involving the effects of chronic exposure
of fish and other organisms to petroleum hydrocarbons has in
no case suggested that petroleum is a very harmful substance.
C-1408-77
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS - EFFECTS ON SEA GRASS
Pearson, J. D. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.377-389.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Plants, Food web, *Photo-
synthesis, *Zostera marina
The effects of selected petroleum hydrocarbons on rates of
photosynthesis in Zostera marina are evaluated in an attempt
to understand the effects of plant exposure to low levels of
hydrocarbons and its consequences to food chains.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01874.
1977] '
C-1409-77
RESPONSES OF ARCTIC MARINE BENTHIC CRUSTACEANS TO SEDIMENTS
CONTAMINATED WITH CRUDE OIL
Percy, J. A. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 13(1):1-10.
Crude oil, Crustaceans, Biological effects, Sediments, Benthos,
Arctic, *Amphipods, *Isopods
The responses of several arctic marine benthic crustaceans to
sediments experimentally contaminated with 4 different crude
oils were tested. The amphipod, Onisimus affinis, showed a
strong avoidance to oiled sediments. This response was most
pronounced at low oil concentrations (0.05 ml/15g dry sediment),
markedly impaired at higher oil concentrations, and completely
abolished at the highest concentrations tested (2 ml/15 g dry
sediment). Weathering of the oil for 1 week reduced the avoidance
response. Other amphipod and isopod species tested did not
respond consistently between oil-tainted and clean sediments.
147
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C-1410-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OILS ON ARCTIC MARINE INVERTEBRATES
Percy, J. A., and T. C. Mullin. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea technical
report, No. 11. 167p.
Crude oil, Marine organisms, Arctic, Invertebrates, Biological
effects, Behavior, Metabolism
Oil-animal interactions in sub-ice, neritic and benthic habitats
are considered and biological effects of three general types are
examined: short term lethal effects, sublethal physiological effects,
and behavioral effects. Lethal toxicity studies indicate a
relatively high tolerance level for crude oil among most of the
species examined. However, activity and metabolism may be severely
impaired by exposure to relatively low oil levels. In behavioral
studies, some marine species such as Onisisus avoided oil masses
and oil-tainted food and preferentially selected uncontaminated
sediment. In constrast, other species such as Mesidotea exhibited
no preference for either oil-containing or oil-free food and
sediment.
C-1411-77
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON THE LOCOMOTORY ACTIVITY OF ARCTIC MARINE
INVERTEBRATES
Percy, J. A., and T. C. Mullin. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(2):35-40.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Invertebrates, Arctic, *Amphipod,
*Coelenterate
Reported are effects of northern crude oils on the locomotory
activity of two Arctic marine invertebrates: the amphipod,
Onisimus affinis, and the coelenterate, Halitholus cirrattus.
The ecological implications of such sublethal effects are
discussed. Low concentrations of the oils significantly impaired
activity in both species.
C-1412-77
THE EFFECTS OF THREE OILS ON THE GROWTH OF THE DINOFLAGELLATE
DUNALI ELLA TERTIOLUCTA AND THE DIATOM FRAGILARIA SP. IN AXENIC
BATCH CULTURES
Prouse, N. J., and D. C. Gordon, Jr. 1974.
Copenhagen, International Council for the Exploration of the
Sea, Fisheries Improvement Committee, 1974. 6p.
Phytoplankton, Biological effects, *Dinoflagellates, *Diatoms
Summary not available.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic Waters.
Northwest Marine Fisheries Center. September, 1976]
148
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C-1413-77
SURVEY UPON THE GROUPS OF FISH-TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN WATER
Reichenbach-Klinke, H. H. 1976.
The Influence of Environmental Factors upon the Health of
Fishes. H. H. Reichenbach-Klinke (ed.). Stuttgart, GFR, G.
Fischer Verlag, 1976. p.3-7. Presented at the Munchener
Fischereibiologisches Seminar, Munich, March 18-20, 1975.
Toxicity, Fish, Petroleum products, Petrochemicals
The following groups of fish-toxic substances in water are
listed and discussed: metals, non-metallic elements, oils and
oil derivatives, pesticides, detergents, biphenyls, antibiotics,
sulfonamides, and biotoxins.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3118. 1977]
C-1414-77
ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY, UPTAKE AND DEPURATION, AND SUBLETHAL
METABOLIC RESPONSE OF ALASKAN MARINE ORGANISMS TO PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS.
Rice, S. D., and J. F. Karinen. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Invertigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.25-47.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Marine organisms, Acute effects, Chronic
effects, Metabolism, Alaska
The acute and chronic toxicity of crude oil on physiological
and behavioral mechanisms of various arctic and subarctic marine
organisms was determined,and the recovery rates of the selected
organisms in laboratory and field studies were reported. Temper-
ature was found to have little effect on toxicity.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01866. 1977]
C-1415-77
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON BREATHING AND COUGHING
RATES, AND HYDROCARBON UPTAKE-DEPURATION IN PINK SALMON FRY
Rice, S. D., R. E. Thomas, and J. W. Short. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.88-118.
Crude oil, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Hydrocarbons, Fish, Alaska,
*Respiration rate, *Qncorhynchus gorbuscha
Breathing and coughing rates of pink salmon fry, Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha, were monitored during exposure to water soluble
fractions of Cook Inlet and Prudhoe Bay crude oils and No. 2
fuel oil. High breathing rates during the first 24 hours of
149
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exposure, elimination of most aromatics by 20 hrs, and the
continued high breathing during a constant-dose exposure for
72 hrs indicate that salmon fry can cope with a sublethal
exposure to hydrocarbons, but at the cost of an increased
metabolic rate. Increased metabolic rates may be detrimental
to survival if the stress persists for long periods of time.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01868.
1977]
C-1416-77
ACCUMULATION AND RELEASE OF FUEL-OIL-DERIVED DIAROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS BY THE POLYCHAETE NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA
Rossi, S. S., and J. W. Anderson. 1976.
Marine Biology 39(l):51-55.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Polychaetes, Uptake, Release,
*Naphthalene, *Neanthes arenaceodentata
Male and female Neanthes arenaceodentata were exposed to a
sublethal concentration of No. 2 fuel oil for 24 hours; within
one hour both sexes incorporated most of the diaromatic hydro-
carbons eventually accumulated. In hydrocarbon-free seawater
male worms released naphthalenes for 17 days to a level below
0.1 ppm, whereas gravid females retained the hydrocarbons for
three weeks until the release of their eggs during fertilization.
Larvae contained high concentrations of naphthalenes until they
developed into 32-segment worm juveniles.
C-1417-77
SPIN-LABELING TECHNIQUES FOR STUDYING MODE OF ACTION OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS ON MARINE ORGANISMS
Roubal, W. T., and T. K. Collier. 1975.
Fishery Bulletin 73(2):299-305.
Hydrocarbons, Biological effects, Marine organisms, Analytical
techniques, *Spin-labeling techniques
The aim of spin-labeling studies of membrane-contaminant inter-
action is to gain a better understanding of the mode of action
of hydrocarbon contaminants at the molecular level. Basic spin
labeling theory together with experimental results from the
study are presented and discussed.
150
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C-1418-77
EFFECTS OF OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE EXHAUST ON THE AQUATIC
ENVIRONMENT
Schenk, J. E., P. F. Atkins, Jr., R. L. Weitzel, P. B. Simon,
J. C. Posner, and W. J. Weber, Jr. 1976.
Seventh International Conference on Water Pollution Research.
Technical papers. S. H. Jenkins (ed.). Oxford, Pergamon Press,
1976. p.733-741.
Biological effects, Hydrocarbons, Lakes, Phytoplankton,
*0utboard marine engine exhaust
No acute effects on any of the biological communities were
observed. Species abundance, richness, and similarity of the
phytoplankton populations in both leaded and nonleaded fuel
test lakes were not affected by two-cycle motorboat engines.
Aromatic hydrocarbons released into the water were rapidly
removed by evaporation; increases in other hydrocarbons in both
the water column and sediments were observed in both test lakes.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(6):#14801. 1977]
C-1419-77
ACUTE EFFECTS - PACIFIC HERRING ROE IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Smith, R. L., J. G. Pearson, and J. A. Cameron. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.325-343.
Crude oil, Toxicity, Fish, Acute effects, Fisheries, Offshore
development, Gulf of Alaska, *Pacific herring
The toxicity of water-soluble components of crude oil under
simulated natural conditions was measured in terms of hatching
success and gross morphological abnormalities of the Pacific
herring. Since many of the roe are deposited in the intertidal
zone, the presence of oil on the water and beach will cause a
general increase in mortality. Spills or seepage during the
three to four week reproductive period could have significant
impact on egg and larval mortality.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01872. 1977]
151
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C-1420-77
EFFECTS OF CONTACT AND INGESTION OF CRUDE OIL ON RINGED SEALS
Smith, T. G., and J. R. Geraci. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 5. 66p.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Marine mammals, Acute effects, *Ringed
seals
The effects of immersion in oil and ingestion of oil on ringed
seals and harp seal pups were evaluated. Techniques used in
the laboratory and field studies are detailed, and the results
are tabulated and discussed. Immersion caused reversible damage
to eyes; oil ingestion resulted in enzymatic and histologic
damage to kidney and liver. Results of these studies are extra-
polated to evaluate the potential effects of oil on sear habitats
during different seasons.
C-1421-77
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTE DISCHARGE
IN COASTAL WATERS
Soudan, M. 1975.
Progress in Water Technology 7(5-6):985-999.
Wastewaters, Industries, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms,
Ecosystems, Coasts
A general review is presented of the effects of industrial and
domestic pollutants, including petroleum hydrocarbons, upon
marine invertebrates, plants, and the coastal marine ecosystem.
C-1422-77
A DESCRIPTIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF NO. 2 FUEL OIL ON
THE TISSUES OF THE SOFT SHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA L.
Stainken, D. M. 1976.
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(6):730-738.
Fuel oil, Biological effects, Mollusks, *Clams, *Mya arenaria,
Tissue changes did not occur in Mya arenaria after four weeks
exposure to No. 2 fuel oil, but depletion of glycogen and
generalized leukocytosis were noted, particularly in the blood
sinuses of the pallium and mantle membrane. An increase in
vacuolization of the diyerticula, stomach, and intestines, as
well as an altered respiration rate, were observed.
152
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C-1423-77
THE EFFECT OF A NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND A SOUTH LOUISIANA CRUDE OIL
ON THE BEHAVIOR OF THE SOFT SHELL CLAM, MYA ARENARIA L.
Stainken, D. H. 1976.
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 16(6) :724-729.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Mollusks, Metabolism, *Clams, *Mya
arenaria
The effects of crude and refined oil on the behavior of Mya
arenaria were investigated and LCso bioassay values were
obtained for 96 hour and seven day exposure periods. Both
crude and fuel oil caused high mucus secretion and decreased
tactile response in the clam; the increase in mucus production
lead to an increased metabolic demand and disruption of normal
physiological processes at lower oil concentrations- than the
indicated.
C-1424-77
EFFECTS OF A SPILL OF MARINE DIESEL OIL ON THE ROCKY SHORE
FAUNA OF LAMMA ISLAND, HONG KONG
Stirling, H. P. 1977.
Environmental Pollution 12(2):93-117.
Fuel oil, Oil spills, Toxicity, Mollusks, Acute effects, Chronic
effects, Intertidal zone, *Hong Kong
About 2500 tons of heavy marine diesel oil were spilled near
Lamma Island, Hong Kong. Acute toxic and long term effects of
the oiling on common littoral fauna were assessed in the field,
and long term recovery studies using clean seawater were conducted
in the laboratory. Acute mortality of gastropods was greatest
in areas of moderate contamination where a dispersant was used,
but chronic effects were more severe in a heavily oiled area where
no dispersant was applied. Bivalves and gastropods found in the
laboratory to be least sensitive to oil showed no signigicant
long term reductions in population.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3):#77-02499. 1977]
C-1425-77
ACCOUNT OF OIL POLLUTION DAMAGING THE SEABIRDS IN GDANSK BAY
[English summary]
Szczepski, J. B. 1976.
Przeglad Zoologiczny 20(1):75-81.
Crude oil, Birds, Contamination, Statistics, Baltic Sea,
*Mortality, *Gdafisk Bay
Observations and statistics dealing with the seabirds perishing
between 1947-1970 due to oil pollution in Gdansk Bay, Baltic Sea,
153
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are reported. The longtailed ducks, velvet scooters, gulls, and
auks suffered the highest fatalities. With increasing pollution
by crude oil, the percentage of oil damaged birds is expected to
rise.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1901. 1977]
C-1426-77
RESPONSE OF THE CLAM, MACQMA. BALTHICA (LINNAEUS), EXPOSED
TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL AS UNMIXED OIL, WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION,
AND SEDIMENT-ADSORBED FRACTION IN THE LABORATORY
Taylor, T. L., J. F. Karinen, and H. M. Feder. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p.48-87.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Mollusks, Sediments, Alaska,
*Clams, indicator species, *Macoma balthica
The response to crude oil by Macoma balthica under laboratory
conditions is presented. Oil allowed to settle over buried M.
balthica stimulated their movement to the surface; the propor-
tion of clams that moved to the surface increased as the depth
of oil-contaminated sediment increased. M. balthica can be used
as an indicator species of the effect of oil in the sediment
environment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01867. 1977]
C-1427-77
FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF OIL POLLUTION UPON MARINE
ORGANISMS - I. LETHAL CONCENTRATIONS OF OIL-SPILL EMULSIFIERS
FOR SOME MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON
T-okuda, H.5 and S. Arasaki. 1977.
Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 43(1):
97-102.
Emulsifiers, Toxicity, Phytoplankton, Marine organisms
The lethal concentrations of 84 commercially produced oil spill
emulsifiers were determined experimentally for three species of
marine phytoplankton. The toxicity of the emulsifiers was reduced
year after year due to improvements .in their components. The most
recently produced oil spill emulsifiers did not inhibit growth at
concentrations of 100 ppm.
154
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C-1428-77
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FISHERIES AND
AQUACULTURE IN JAPAN
Tokyo University of Fisheries. 1976.
FAO-FIR/T-163. 105p.
Contamination, Fisheries, Chronic effects, Japan, *Tokyo Bay,
*Seto Inland Sea
A study of Tokyo Bay and Seto Inland Sea found oil pollution to
be the main cause of damage to fisheries, although no significant
decrease in total catch was observed. Direct damage and catch
reports indicate that species composition may have changed due
to chronic oil pollution.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1862.
1977]
C-1429-77
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON ALGAL PHYSIOLOGY: REVIEW AND
PROGRESS REPORT
Vandermeulen, J. H., and T,. P. Ahern. 1976.
Society of Experimental Biology Seminar Series 2 (Effects of
Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms):107-125.
Hydrocarbons, Algae, Biological effects, Metabolism, *Naphthalene
In three different marine unicellular algae, naphthalene
depression of C0£ fixation was dose-dependent and resulted
in similar patterns of inhibition in Fragilaria, Monochrysis
J_utheri, and Dunaliella. The algae appear to be highly sensitive
to small changes in trace quantities of naphthalene and the C02
fixation is bimodal with differential inhibition observed at low
and high concentrations.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(9):#51367h. 1977]
C-1430-77
THE COMPARATIVE TOXICITIES OF CRUDE OILS, REFINED OIL PRODUCTS
AND OIL EMULSIONS
Van Gelder-Ottway, S. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.287-302. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Toxicity, Crude oil, Fuel oil, Emulsions, Dispersants, Mollusks,
UK
Experiments were conducted to determine the toxicities of crude
oils, refined oil products, and oil emulsions to intertidal
mollusks common to British shores. Oil products with low boiling
points were found to be more toxic than heavy fuel oils, while
crude oils had intermediate toxicity. The toxicity of mixtures
155
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of crude oils and dispersants was also investigated; no simple
relationship was found between the toxicity of the mixtures
and that of the oil or dispersants alone.
C-1431-77
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SENSITIVITY OF YOUNG STURGEONS
TO PETROLEUM POISONING [in Russian]
Velikhanov, Eh. E. 1976.
Izvestlya. Akad. NaukAzerbaidzhanskol SS.R. (Biol.) No. 1. 92-96.
Contamination, Fish, *Temperature effects, *Sturgeons
In this experimental study, 100% mortality of juvenile great
sturgeon was recorded at 30.30°C, while at 21.88-27.25°C the
mortality was almost nine times lower. The petroleum concentra-
tion of 75 ml/I was found to be lethal for 13-day-old great
sturgeon, while 47-day-olds showed fairly high resistance to
this concentration. Experiments showed a decrease in maximum
tolerated oil pollution levels with an increase in water
temperature.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3139. 1977]
C-1432-77
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MARINE BIOTA TO POLLUTANTS
Vernberg, F. J., A. Calabrese, F. T. Thurberg, and W. B. Vernberg
(eds.). 1977.
New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1977. 482p.
Contaminants, Marine organisms, Petroleum products, Biological
effects, *Physiological response
Papers at a symposium on physiological responses of marine biota
to pollutants are presented. Pollutants covered include pesti-
cides, PCB's, heavy metals and petroleum products.
[from Marine Biology 39(4)-.advertisement. 1977]
C-1433-77
ACUTE TOXICITY OF OIL DISPERSANTS TO MARINE FISH LARVAE
Wilson, K. W. 1977.
Marine Biology 40:65-74.
Dispersants, Toxicity, Fish, Acute effects, Solvents, *Fish
larvae
Acute toxicities of oil dispersants to the larvae of herring,
haddock, lemon sole, pilchard, plaice, and sole were examined.
The type and aromatic content of the solvent were found to be
the main factors influencing toxicity. Aging of the dispersants
156
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led to a decrease in toxicity which could be related to the loss
of aromatic compounds. Temperature and salinity had only a
slight influence on toxicity. The transition period from yolk
reserves to an external food supply was critical; once larvae
had established feeding, resistance increased until metamorphosis,
C-1434-77
PHENALEN-1-ONE: OCCURRENCE IN A FUEL OIL AND TOXICITY TO
MICROALGAE
Winters, K., J. C. Batterton, and C. Van Baalen. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology 11(3):270-272.
Toxicity, Fuel oil, Algae, *Growth rates, *Phenalen-l-one
Phenalen-1-one, isolated from the water soluble fraction of a
No. 2 fuel oil, had two different effects on the growth of
microalgae. With blue-green algae toxicity occurred at 5 ppm
and was independent of wavelength, whereas with green algae
toxicity was wavelength-dependent. In white light 250 ppb
was lethal; with this same light screened by a yellow filter
(530 nm), toxicity occured at 10 ppm.
C-1435-77
EFFECT OF CRUDE PETROLEUM OIL ON CLAMS. PART 1 [in Korean]
Yi, P., and T. Yi. 1975.
Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society 8(4):252.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Moll usks, *Clams
Summary not available.
[from Bioresearch Index 13(1):#1089. 1977]
C-l436-77
EFFECT OF CRUDE PETROLEUM OIL ON CLAMS. PART 2 [in Korean]
Yi, P., and P. Chin. 1975.
Bulletin of the Korean Fisheries Society 8(4):252.
Crude oil, Biological effects, Mollusks, *Clams
Summary not available.
[from Bioresearch Index 13(1)^1090. 1977]
157
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2. PHYSICAL EFFECTS
C-1437-77
ON THE DECREASE IN REAERATION COEFFICIENT DUE TO COVERING OF
WATER SURFACE WITH OIL
Aral, N., Y. Hayashi, and S. Sugiyama. 1976.
Lippon Kagaku Kaishi 8(8):1315-1318.
Oil slicks, Physical effects, *Reaeration rates
The reaeration rate of pure water and that of water covered with
oil was investigated. Findings are as follows: the reaeration
coefficient, K2, is affected by the presence of oil slicks and
decreases by approximately 20-40% on water without oil slicks;
the temperature coefficient, 9, is 1.041 in the presence of oil
slicks, and 1.028 without them; in the experimental temperature
range of 6° to 40.5°C, the equilibrium concentration of dissolved
oxygen maximally changes with the amount of oil slicks within a
limit of ± 10%.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3148. 1977]
C-1438-77
A WIND WAVE TUNNEL FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF ARTIFICAL SLICK
WAVE DAMPING AND DRIFT
Huehnerfuss, H. 1976.
Meerestechnik. Marine Technology 7(l):23-26.
Oil slicks, Fate, Drift, Oceans, *Wave damping, *Wind wave tunnel
Initial work with the SFB 94 wind wave tunnel, located in Hamburg,
concerns monomolecular surface active oil films and their ability
to dampen capillary waves and thereby interfere with wind wave
generation mechanisms. The drift properties of these films under
wind and wave action are being investigated.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1) :#77-0518. 1977]
3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-1439-77
RECESSION PROVIDES INSURERS WITH A BREATHING SPACE
Averill, G. 1976.
Tanker & Bulker International 2(1):11,20.
Insurance, *Marine industry, Tankers, Liability
In 1975, the marine insurance industry was depressed by inflation
in repair costs, unfair competition, substandard ships and crews,
158
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difficulties with ship repairs, and pollution liability. The
International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution
Damage (1969) requires tankers carrying > 2,000 tons of
persistent oil to have a certificate of insurance. This
created a major insurance market and may produce more competi-
tive rates through more underwriters.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01874. 1977]
C-1440-77
AN INTEGRATED INDUSTRY MODEL OF PETROLEUM REFINING, ELECTRIC
POWER, AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FOR COSTING POLLUTION CONTROL
AND ESTIMATING ENERGY PRICES
Galloway, J. A., and R. G. Thompson. 1976.
Engineering Process Econ. 1(3):199-216.
Refineries, Wastewaters, Pollution control, Models, Economic
effects, *Industry costs
This paper reviews detailed work presented in three monographs
and gives key examples of how technical information may be
synthesized into a comprehensive economic model to evaluate the
industry cost, market price, and economic impact of restrictive
waste discharge standards for the petroleum refining, electric
power, and important chemical industries.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(6):#1250.
1977]
4. GENERAL EFFECTS
C-1441-77
CASE OF SUBSURFACE WATER POLLUTION BY PETROLEUM PRODUCT WASTES
[in Russian]
Anan'Ev, N. I., A. A. Kyuregyan, and L. A. Rybina. 1975.
Gigiena i Sanitariya No. 10:97-98.
Petroleum products, Contamination, Groundwater, Oil tanks,
Chemical analysis, USSR
A history of groundwater contamination by petroleum waste products
is given. Petroleum wastes were able to leak out of metal storage
tanks and penetrate along the fissures to the groundwater level
where the city of Alekseevka, USSR, obtains potable water.
Chemical analysis revealed a decrease in petroleum products over
a period of two years following storage tank repair.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(5):#W77-02273. 1977]
159
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C-1442-77
AQUATIC POLLUTION AND LIVING RESOURCES [in Spanish]
Andre'n, L. E. 1976.
Lectures given at the Third FAO/SIDA Training Course on Water
Pollution in Relation to Protection of Living Resources.
Scientific and Administrative Basis for Directive Action,
Lima,Peru, 1975. Rome,UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 1976.
269p. FOA/SIDA/TF—9343-Suppleraent 1.
Contamination, Oil industry, Hydrocarbons, Dispersants,
*Aquatic pollution
Pollution topics considered in this paper include: the dual
aspect of eutrophication, hydrocarbons and oil dispersants, oil
and petrochemical industry, organic and synthetic toxicants,
heavy metals, thermal pollution, and others.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3114. 1977]
C-1443-77
ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1975
Anon. 1976.
London, Advisory Committee on Oil Pollution of the Sea, 1976.
36p.
Oil spills, Pollution prevention, Pollution control
Summary not available.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q304S. 1977]
C-1444-77
ARGO'S LEGACY: BATCH OF OILY PANCAKES (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Science News 111(15):230.
Argo Merchant spill, Fate, Atlantic Ocean, Biological effects,
Marine organisms
The fate, behavior, and effects of the "Argo Merchant" spill of
December, 1976, have been monitored and studied by a NOAA research
team. Most of the oil floated out into the Atlantic in the form
of large pancakes 15 to 27 m (50 to 90 ft) in diameter which
shrank in area and thickened over time. Preliminary results of
the biological effects include substantial contamination of
zooplankton, near-surface organisms and fishes, with little
apparent damage to marine birds and mammals.
160
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C-1445-77
THE FUTURE OF CHESAPEAKE BAY. SYMPOSIUM HELD AT ARLINGTON,
VIRGINIA ON APRIL 15, 1976
Anon. 1976.
Sponsored in part by National Wildlife Federation and Wildlife
Management Institute. W77-04203. 136p.
Ships, Ports, Pollution control, Oil spills, Chesapeake Bay,
*Symposium
Contents of the title symposium are; dynamics of Chesapeake
Bay; Channelization and shipping; Ports—Baltimore in particular;
Shore erosion and wetlands; Pollution and ecology.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(10):#PB-263 457/4GA.
1977]
C-1446-77
IMCO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN JOINT GROUP OF EXPERTS ON THE
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF MARINE POLLUTION (GESAMP). REPORT OF
THE EIGHTH SESSION, ROME, 21-27 APRIL 1976
Anon. 1976.
Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, 1976. 33p.
(Report Stud. GESAMP No. 4)
Contamination, Oceans, Environmental effects, Water quality,
Offshore exploration
Specific topics covered include an evaluation of the hazards of
harmful substances in the marine environment, a review of the
harmful substances and particularly the impact of oil, the
interchange of pollutants between the atmosphere and oceans,
principles for developing coastal water quality criteria, and
scientific aspects of pollution arising from the exploration
and exploitation of the sea bed.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q2189. 1977]
C-1447-77
ONSHORE IMPACTS OF OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT IN ALASKA: VOL. II.
METHODOLOGY APPENDICES
Anon. 1975.
Special report, PB-248 896. 162p.
Offshore development, Onshore impacts, Models, Alaska
A general model of oil and gas development is analyzed. Each
of the components is defined and used as the basis for a series
of assumptions which are used to map the model onto an individual
area to yield a development alternative.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(1):#77-00177. 1977]
161
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C-1448-77
MICROBIAL RELEASE OF SOLUBLE TRACE METALS FROM OIL IMPACTED
SEDIMENTS
Barsdate, R. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 10. p.367-380.
Crude oil, Sediments, Offshore development, Release, Micro-
organisms, Environmental effects, *Trace metals
The initial results of laboratory experiments suggest that the
copper concentration of sediment pore water may increase
following the addition of oil, and tentatively the effect is
ascribed to the occlusion of trace metal binding sites or
exchange sites by components of the oil.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03225. 1977]
C-1449-77
OIL AND OIL DISPERSANTS
Carlberg, S. R. 1976.
Second FAO/SIDA Training Course on Marine Pollution in Relation
to Protection of Living Resources: Methods for Detection,
Measurement and Monitoring of Pollutants in the Aquatic Environ-
ment. Rome, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 1976. p.28-35.
Oil discharges, Ships, Tankers, Contamination, Fates Biological
effects, Dispersants
Topics discussed include oil pollution from ships, effects and
fate of oil pollution at sea, possible ways of dealing with
released oil, and biological aspects of oil pollution.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):I77-01635. 1977]
C-1450-77
THE BATTLE AGAINST OIL POLLUTION AT SEA
Department of Trade, UK. 1976.
London, Marine Division, Department of Trade, 1976. 12p.
Pollution prevention, Oceans
Summary not available.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1912. 1977]
162
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C-1451-77
THE INCIDENCE AND TREATMENT OF OIL POLLUTION IN OIL PORTS
Dudley, 6, 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.27-40. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil transfer, Ports, Pollution prevention, Leakage, Environmental
effects, Spill cleanup, UK, *Milford Haven
The amount of oil pollution and its overall effect on the environ-
ment in seaports can be greatly reduced if loading and discharging
procedures are carefully controlled and if planning ensures that
equipment and labor are available to deal with oil spills. A
case history of the Mil ford Haven port is presented and the
effects of long-term leakage problems on the ecological status
of the port are described.
C-1452-77
THE BALTIC SEA AS AN EXAMPLE FOR THE INTERACTION OF NATURAL AND
MANMADE STRESS FACTORS
Grasshoff, K. 1975.
Thaiassia Jugoslav!ca 11(1-2):1-17.
Baltic Sea, Ecosystems, Contaminants, Hydrocarbons, Environmental
effects
Manmade stress factors influencing the Baltic ecosystem and
their interaction with the unique natural features of the Baltic
Sea are discussed. The morphologic structure of the sea, its
highly stratified water structure, and its extremely limited
water exchange with the ocean are related to the influx of
pollutants including petroleum hydrocarbons.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(10):#58380r. 1977]
C-1453-77
THE BLACK TIDE OF LA CORUNA. OIL SPILL OFF SPAIN
Gundlach, E. R., I. A. Fischer, and R. J. Stein. 1977.
Oceans 10(2):56-60.
Spill cleanup, Urquiola spill , Dispersants, Marine organisms,
Environmental effects, Spain
The circumstances and major effects of an oil spill caused by
the grounding and explosion of the tanker, "Urquiola", off La
Coruna, Spain, in May,1976, are described. Various counter-
measures that were applied, such as mechanical oil removal
from beaches and marshes and the extensive use of dispersants
at the spill site, are discussed. Short term effects of the
spill on marine habitats and organisms, especially edible species,
are reviewed.
163
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C-1454-77
THE METULA OIL SPILL
Gunnerson, C. 6., and G. Peter. 1976.
Boulder, Colorado, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion Environmental Research Laboratories, 1976. 37p. NOAA
special report.
Metula spill, Crude oil, Environmental effects, Strait of
Magellan
Short term and long-range environmental damage caused by the
"Metula" supertanker grounding, which spilled over 50,000
tons of crude oil into the Strait of Magellan and onto beaches
and tidal marshes of Tierra del Fuego, is described. Included
are the background of the accident, a description of the
environment, reasons why cleanup was not attempted, and a
discussion of further research needs.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(9):#231,089. 1977]
C-1455-77
UPTAKE, DISTRIBUTION, AND DEPURATION OF 14C-BENZENE IN NORTHERN
ANCHOVY, ENGRAULIS MORDAX, AND STRIPED BASS, MORONE SAXATILIS
Korn, S., et al. 197eT
Fishery Bulletin 74(3}:545-551.
Uptake, Release, Hydrocarbons, Fish, *Benzene, *Northern
anchovy, *Striped bass
The title fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of
14c-benzene for 48 hours. Both fish exhibited a rapid uptake
over a wide range of benzene concentrations in the water column
with accumulation in anchovy being greater than that in striped
bass. Results indicated that the release of hydrocarbons was
through the liver, gallbladder, intestines, and colon.
C-1456-77
EXPERIENCE WITH POLLUTION IN CONTROLLED MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
APPLICATIONS TO PETROLEUM PRODUCTS [in French]
Lacaze, J. C. 1976.
Oceanis 2(Suppl.):1-115.
Petroleum products, Toxicity, Controlled marine ecosystems
An in-situ experiment conducted in Dinard to evaluate the
toxicity of petroleum pollutants is described. The size of
the experimental tanks, the illumination and temperature, and
the number of tanks needed to evaluate the effect of petroleum
products are discussed.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1863.
1977]
164
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C-1457-77
MARINE ECOLOGY AND OIL POLLUTION. EDITED BY JENIFER M. BAKER
(book review)
Mackie, P. R. 1977.
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science 5(1) :154-156.
Contamination, Oil spills, Refineries, Dispersants, Toxicity,
Monitoring, *Book review
A critical review is presented of the book. Marine Ecology and
Oil Pollution (Barking, Essex, Applied Science Publishers,
1976), which contains papers of a 1975 meeting held in Aviemore,
Scotland. Environmental responsibility, biological and environ-
mental effects of oil contamination spills, refinery effluents,
dispersants, offshore monitoring, and toxicity testing were
among the topics covered. The review states that the title
of the book is misleadingly broad and that coverage of several
important aspects of marine ecology and oil pollution are
inadequate or entirely lacking.
C-1458-77
HYDROCARBONS IN THE OCEAN
Myers, E. P., and C: 6. Gunnerson. 1976.
Boulder, Colorado, Maritime Administration and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Environmental Research
Laboratories, 1976. 42p. MESA special report.
Hydrocarbons, Oceans, Marine organisms
Summary not available.
[from Environmental Conservation 4(1).-78. 1977]
C-1459-77
MARINE POLLUTION HANDBOOK (book review)
Preston, A. 1977.
Nature 267(5607):188.
Contaminants, Fate, Biological effects, Environmental effects,
Regulations, *Book review
The book, Marine Pollution (R. Johnson (ed.). London, Academic
Press, 1977. 729p.)5 is critically reviewed. The first section
of the book provides background information on the major categories
of pollutants including oil and discusses their principal path-
ways and environmental effects. The second part deals with
environmental problems related to specific pollutants. The
third section reviews problems of measuring biological response
to pollutants, and the fourth section addresses legal aspects
of marine pollution regulations.
165
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C-1460-77
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION IN SHATT AL-ARAB, IRAQ
Saad, M. A. H. 1976.
Revue Internationale D'Oceanographie Medicale 43:3-11.
Contamination, Rivers, Waste oil, Tankers, Oil transfer, Iraq,
*Shatt a!-Arab
Oil and oily wastes are the most important pollutants in Shatt
al-Arab and cause the greatest damage to aquatic organisms.
The main source of this pollution is from the filling of oil
tankers entering the river.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2):#7Q1841. 1977]
C-1461-77
SEDIMENTATION AND FOOD RESOURCES: ANIMAL-SEDIMENT RELATIONSHIPS
Saila, S. B. 1976.
Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management.
D. J. Stanley and D. J. P. Swift (eds.). New York, John Wiley
& Sons, 1976. p.479-492.
Sedimentation, Benthos, Environmental effects, Oil spills,
*Animal-sediment relationships
Benthic communities and various classification schemes for
them are briefly reviewed. The discussion is presented under
the following headings: historical background of bottom community
studies; bottom deposits and organisms; community descriptions
and classification schemes; sampling problems; relationship of
fauna! communities to the character of sediments and rates of
sedimentation; and impacts of dredging, dumping, oil spills,
and construction on animal-sediment relationships.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1):#77-00665. 1977]
C-1462-77
OIL SPILL IN HONG KONG
Spooner, M. F. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):62-65.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Fisheries, Plankton,
Monitoring, China, *Hong Kong
Field studies were set up to follow tainting and depuration in
fish farming after a large spill of toxic product oil in Picnic
Bay, Hong Kong. The hydrography, water quality, oil in sands,
and macro-and meio-fauna of the shores were monitored, and the
possible effects of the oil on plankton and open-water fisheries
are discussed.
166
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C-1463-77
ORGANIC CHEMICAL POLLUTION:, PETROLEUM, PESTICIDES, AND DETERGENTS
Stoker, H. S., and S. L. Seager. 1977.
Environmental Chemistry. J. 0. M. Bockris (ed.). New York, Plenum
Press, 1977. p.429-476.
Crude oil, Petroleum products, Contamination
"A review with 122 references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(21):#151099r. 1977]
C-1464-77
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: LESSONS FROM OIL SPILLS
Straughan. D. 1975.
The Present and Future of Coasts, Proceedings of the First Annual
Conference of the Coastal Society, Arlington, Virginia, 1975.
p.116-123.
Oil spills, Environmental effects, Coasts, Baseline studies,
*Coastal impacts
Based on experience in assessing the aftermath of oil spills and
establishing baselines, a problem oriented cause and effect is
proposed in the assessment of coastal environmental impacts.
The marine science aspect of this problem is discussed and should
provide data useful in future assessments.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9) :#W77-04472. 1977]
C-1465-77
SOME PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OIL FILMS FLOATING IN
WATER
Van Gelder-Ottway, S. 1976.
Marine Ecology and Oil Pollution. J. M. Baker (ed.). New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 1976. p.255-277. Institute of Petroleum/
Field Studies Council Meeting, Aviemore, Scotland, 1975.
Oil slicks, Biological effects, Physical effects, Plants,
Animals, *0xygen exchange, *Temperature, *Light-reduction,
*Rock pools
Special reference is given to the rock-pool environment in the
title investigation. Experiments with simulated rock pools
demonstrate that photosynthesis and animal activity may be
reduced, oxygen levels decreased, and temperature increased if
oil films are present. Experimental plants and animals generally
survived during the period of exposure and later recovered in
clean seawater. Effects of oxidation on rate of oxygen exchange
in waters covered by an oil film are minimal on the open sea
and maximal in still water such as rock pools. Temperature and
light-reduction effects follow a similar pattern.
167
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C-1466-77
MAN'S IMPACT ON THE CHEMISTRY OF BISCAYNE BAY
Waite, T. D. 1976.
Biscayne Bay: Past, Present, and Future. A Thorhaug (ed.).
Coral Gables, Florida, University of Miami, 1976. p.279-285.
Biscayne Bay Symposium, Coral Gables, April 2, 1976.
Water quality, Contamination, Florida coast, *Human impact,
*Biscayne Bay
Three years of water quality data for Biscayne Bay were
evaluated with respect to man's impact and no real trends have
been identified. Pollution inputs to the Bay are probably due
to runoff water from metropolitan areas. In addition to data
presented on stormwater runoff and specific metals, values for
oil and grease in a canal system are shown as indicators of
contamination from motor craft operation.
168
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D. EFFECTS OF OIL EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
C-1467-77
PHYTOPLANKTON STUDIES - BERING SEA
Alexander, V. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 163-210.
Monitoring, Phytoplankton, Ice, Offshore development,
Biological effects, Food web, Bering Sea, Baseline studies
The dynamics of phytoplankton populations were studied,
particularly along the edge of the seasonal ice-pack in the
Bering Sea. Emphasis was on understanding seasonal variations
in phytoplankton primary production, and possible effects of
OCS oil development on phytoplankton populations and the food
chain.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01851.
1977]
C-l 4.68-77
API STUDY INDICATES PLATFORMS NOT HARMFUL TO MARINE LIFE (news
brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(2):35.
Offshore production, Platforms, Environmental effects, Marine
organisms, Natural seepage, API
An API five year study indicates that the population levels and
diversity of marine life do not seem to be affected by low
level exposure to crude oil from offshore platform operations
or from natural seeps. Contaminated marine organisms rapidly
purge themselves of oil and growth and reproductive rates are
not affected by low-level chronic exposure to oil.
169
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C-1469-77
BEAUFORT SEA ESTUARINE FISHERY STUDY
Bendock, T. N. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigator's Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 243-261.
Monitoring, Estuaries, Fisheries, Distribution, Offshore >
development, Biological effects, Beaufort Sea, Baseline studies
Baseline data on the distribution, life histories and relative
abundance of nearshore marine species of the Beaufort Sea were
gathered in order to help minimize adverse effects of oil
development activities in nearshore marine environments.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01854.
1977]
C-1470-77
WATER BIRDS AND THEIR WETLAND RESOURCES IN RELATION TO OIL
DEVELOPMENT AT STORKERSEN POINT, ALASKA
Bergman, R. D., R. L. Howard, K. F. Abraham, and M. W. Weller.
1977.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 129.
38 p.
Oil fields, Development, Coasts, Birds, Environmental protec-
tion, Alaska, Prudhoe Bay, *Tundra wetlands.
Water-related birds and tundra wetlands dominate the natural
ecosystem of the Alaska coastal plain at Storkersen Point,
near the Prudhoe Bay oil fields. This report classifies the
tundra wetlands into eight types and relates them to bird use
and populations. Based on these relationships, recommendations
are made to protect the most valuable wetlands and to reduce
conflicts between water birds and oil-gas development and
related construction activities.
C-1471-77
LITTORAL SURVEY OF THE BEAUFORT SEA
Broad, A. C. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 7. p. 579-591.
Monitoring, Habitat, Marine organisms, Coasts, Beaufort Sea,
Offshore development, Biological effects, Baseline studies
Habitats and ecological relationships along the Beaufort Sea
coastline were surveyed and characterized in order to
170
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assess the risks of OCS oil-gas development, and to furnish
baseline data for planning further research. Principal near-
shore epifauna of the Beaufort Sea were found to be crustaceans;
principal infaunal animals were mollusks and polychaetes. Bio-
logical data on these organisms are presented and discussed.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-Q1862.
1977]
C-1472-77
THE NATURAL HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF THE BEARDED SEAL (ERIGNATHUS
BARBATUS) AND THE RINGED SEAL (PHOCA (PUSA) HISPIDA)
Burns, J. J., and T. J. Eley, Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 1. p. 263-294.
Monitoring, Marine mammals, Biological effects, Offshore
development, Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea, *Bearded and ringed
seals, *Ecology
The natural history and ecology of the bearded and ringed seals
of the Bering and Beaufort Seas were investigated in order to
recognize how, when, where, and why certain oil and gas devel-
opment activities may have acute or long-term effects on these
two species which occupy different ecological niches. The
ringed seal is small, abundant and widely distributed, occurs
on stable sea ice, and feeds on zooplankton; whereas the
bearded seal is large, widely distributed, occurs on drifting
ice and feeds on benthic organisms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01832,
1977]
C-1473-77
AN AERIAL CENSUS OF SPOTTED SEALS, PHOCA VITULINA LARGHA
Burns, J. J., and S. J. Harbo, Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 1. p. 295-302.
Marine mammals, Biological effects, Offshore development,
Distribution, Bering Sea, *Spotted seal, Baseline studies
The distribution, density, and total number of spotted seals
have been reported in order to evaluate the potential impact
171
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of outer continental shelf oil and gas development in the
proposed Bristol Bay, St. George Basin, and Navarin Basin lease
areas. The spotted seal is restricted to the ice front in
these bodies of water during late winter and spring.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01833.
1977]
C-1474-77
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF MARINE MAMMAL DISTRIBUTIONS, DENSITIES AND
ACTIVITES TO SEA ICE CONDITIONS
Burns, J. J., L. H. Shapiro, and F. H. Fay. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 1. p. 387-430.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Marine mammals,
Habitat, Ice, Distribution, Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea, Baseline
studies
The effects of petroleum development in the Bering, Chukchi,
and Beaufort Seas on ice-associated marine mammals are reported.
An attempt is made to determine what major habitats exist, how
these habitats are spatially distributed, to what extent the
mammals depend on them, and how the biology of marine mammals
relate to physical changes in their ice environment.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01838.
1977]
C-1475-77
POPULATION ASSESSMENT, ECOLOGY AND TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS OF
STELLER SEA LIONS IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Calkins, D., and K. Pitcher. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 371-386.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Marine mammals,
Distribution, Gulf of Alaska, *Sea lions, *Ecology, *Trophic
structure
Oil and gas exploration and development have the potential of
greatly affecting basic productivity and the abundance of prey
species of the Steller sea lions in the Gulf of Alaska. Infor-
mation about population status, distribution, movement, criti-
cal habitats, growth, pathology, food habits, and trophic
relationships is reported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01837.
1977]
172
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C-1476-77
THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, DIVERSITY, AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE
WESTERN BEAUFORT SEA BENTHOS
Carey, A. G., Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 5. p. 219-255.
Biological effects, Offshore drilling, Oil spills, Benthos, >
Food web, Beaufort Sea
The extensive drilling for oil and gas on the Alaskan and
Canadian North Slope has created the potential for environmental
pollution. The coastal ecosystem could be adversely affected, /
especially in the Beaufort Sea area. The food web, if
disrupted by oil spills, could cause high mortalities in top
carnivores due to the lack of benthic fauna on which to feed.
The effects of oil spills and petroleum activities in the
Beaufort Sea are reported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01840.
1977]
C-l477-77
SUMMARIZATION OF EXISTING LITERATURE AND UNPUBLISHED DATA ON
THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND LIFE HISTORIES OF BENTHIC
ORGANISMS
Carey, A. G., Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 5. p. 257-712.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Benthos, Distribu-
tion, Beaufort Sea, Baseline studies
The existing literature and unpublished data on the distribu-
tion, abundance, and life histories of benthic organisms of
the Beaufort Sea are summarized to determine the impact of
oil and gas development on these communities. The natural
variability that exists among species is estimated,and the
controls that environmental conditions have on the ecosystem
are investigated as they relate to petroleum development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01841.
1977]
173
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C-1478-77
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF OIL PRODUCTION ON GEORGES BANK COMMUNI-
TIES: A REVIEW OF THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
FOR OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS LEASE SALE NO. 42
Connor, M. S., and R. W. Howarth. 1977.
Technical report, WHOI-77-1, NOAA-77011901. 52 p.
Offshore production, EIS, OCS, Atlantic Ocean, Biological
effects, *Georges Bank
In reviewing the biological section of the draft environmental
impact statement for OCS lease sale No. 42, it has been found
to insufficiently address several topics, in particular the
sub-lethal changes in community structure and function, the
accumulation and persistence of oil, and recovery times.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#PB-264074/6GA.
1977]
C-1479-77
ZOOPLANKTON AND MICRONEKTON STUDIES .IN THE BERING-CHUKCHI/
BEAUFORT SEAS
Cooney, R. T. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigator's Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 95-161.
Zooplankton, *Micronekton, Distribution, Offshore development,
Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea, Baseline studies
Field studies are presented which report the distribution,
abundance, and species composition of zooplankton and micro-
nekton communities of the title areas. The report is a part
of baseline studies to assess the environmental impact of
Alaskan OCS petroleum development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01850.
1977]
C-1480-77
INITIAL ZOOPLANKTON INVESTIGATIONS
Damkaer, D. M. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 31-56.
Zooplankton, Monitoring, Distribution, Offshore development,
Biological effects, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
Zooplankton were sampled in the northern Gulf of Alaska as
part of a baseline study of zooplankton diversity, abundance
and distribution prior to petroleum resources development.
174
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About 100 species were identified; one abundant group of
species spends the day in deep water and rises to the surface
layer at night. Petroleum pollutants introduced into surface
layers would quickly be transferred to deeper water by these
active migrations.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01848.
1977]
C-1481-77
PLANKTON OF THE GULF OF ALASKA - ICHTHYOPLANKTON
English, T. S. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 1-30.
Monitoring, Distribution, Plankton, *Ichthyoplankton, Offshore
development, Biological effects, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline
studies
Baseline data on the distribution and environmental require-
ments of principal species of ichthyoplankton of the Gulf of
Alaska were collected during various survey cruises and are
summarized in this report. These data should provide a frame
of reference for determining the effects of Alaskan OCS oil-
gas development on the marine biota.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4}:#W77-01847.
1977]
C-1482-77
BEAUFORT SEA PLANKTON STUDIES
English, T. S., and R. A. Homer. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 593-671.
Monitoring, Plankton, Distribution, Beaufort Sea, Bibliog-
raphies, Baseline studies
Seasonal density distributions and environmental requirements
of principal types of phytoplankton, zooplankton and ichthyo-
plankton were determined for Beaufort Sea species. An ongoing
literature review with over 600 references on zooplankton and
over 100 references on phytoplankton is included. This study
constitutes part of an effort to assess the possible effects
of OCS oil-gas activities on marine biota of the area.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01863.
1977]
175
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C-1483-77
MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY OF MARINE MAMMALS--BERING SEA
Fay, F. H. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 183-246.
Marine mammals, Toxicity, Offshore development, Bering Sea,
*Mortality, Baseline studies
Baseline information is provided on the incidence and causes
of pathological conditions in marine mammal populations of the
Bering Sea that will be useful in evaluating future impacts
of petroleum activities. Emphasis is placed on surveys of
distribution and numbers of dead animals and on necropsy of
such specimens for determination of causes of illness and
death.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01830.
1977]
C-1484-77
SUMMARIZATION OF EXISTING LITERATURE AND UNPUBLISHED DATA ON
THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BENTHIC
ORGANISMS OF THE GULF OF ALASKA AND BERING SEA
Feder, H. M. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 455-470.
Benthos, Distribution, *Productivity, Gulf of Alaska, Bering
Sea, Offshore development, Biological effects
Existing literature, unpublished data, and archived biological
samples available for analysis have been gathered to provide
an historical perspective on abundance, distribution, and
productivity of Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea marine organisms.
This historical perspective should help guide environmental
planning of current DCS oil development projects.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01856.
1977]
176
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C.-.1485-77
THE DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, DIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF
BENTHIC ORGANISMS IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Feder, H. M., G. Mueller, and S. C. Jewett. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 263-453.
Monitoring, Benthos, Distribution, *Productivity, Statistical
Analysis, Gulf of Alaska, Offshore development, Biological
effects, Baseline studies
Detailed biological baseline data on ninety five
taxa were collected from 42 field stations in the northeast
Gulf of Alaska. These data were statistically analyzed for
evenness of species distribution, abundance, diversity, and
productivity as part of an assessment of potential effects
of offshore oil development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01855.
1977]
^l 486-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BERING SEA: BENTHIC BIOLOGY
Feder, H. M., G. Mueller, S. C. Jewett, M. Hoberg, and
K. Hafliner. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 5. p. 1-218.
Biological effects, Offshore production, Oil transport,
Benthos, Oil spills, Bering Sea, Baseline studies
A qualitative and quantitative inventory of benthic species
in the Bering Sea is presented in an attempt to assess the
effects of oil exploration, production, and transportation.
The effects of oil spills on subtidal benthic invertebrates
are reported. It was found that infaunal benthic organisms
can be used as indicator species for disturbed areas. A
direct relationship between trophic structure and bottom
stability has been demonstrated with a new complex of species
becoming established in the substratum after an oil spill.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01839.
1977]
177
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C-1487-77
ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE MAMMALS IN THE
GULF OF ALASKA
Fiscus, C. H., and H. W. Braham. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 121-139.
Marine mammals, Biological effects, Offshore development,
Distribution, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
The relative seasonal distribution and abundance of marine
mammal species are reported using integrated sighting records
taken aboard ships and chartered vessels, aircraft surveys,
and from historical whaling records. The northern and
coastal regions of the Gulf of Alaska are expected to be
areas of tanker traffic and oil-gas activity; these areas
also represent habitats for many marine mammals and seasonal
migrants.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01827.
1977]
C-1488-77
ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF BOWHEAD WHALES AND
BELUKHA
Fiscus, C. H., W. M. Marquette, and H. W. Braham. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 159-182.
Offshore development, Distribution, Biological effects, Oil-
gas leasing, Oil spills, Marine mammals, Bering Sea, Beaufort
Sea, Baseline studies, *Whales
The effects of oil development on the biology and ecology of
bowhead and belukha whales during seasonal migration between
the Bering and Beaufort Seas must be evaluated before any
oil-gas leasing can be implemented in the Beaufort Sea
'Basin,' Oil spills and other disturbances of the marine
environment could drastically affect these migrating marine
animals, especially in shore leads, even if pollution is kept
local to lease sites.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01829.
1977]
178
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C-1489-77
RESOURCE ASSESSMENT: ABUNDANCE AND SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF
BOWHEAD AND BELUKHA WHALES-BERING SEA
Fiscus, C. H., and H. W. Braham. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 141-157.
Offshore development, Biological effects, Marine mammals,
Distribution, Bering Sea, *Whales, Baseline studies
Since adverse effects to Bowhead and Belukha whales could
result from oil or gas related perturbations, identification
of population centers, seasonal movements, and potential
areas of breeding are major considerations in petroleum
resource management decisions. These animals apparently
winter in the Bering Sea, although no reliable data are
known to exist.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):IW77-01828.
1977]
C-1490-77
BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION: MARINE MAMMALS
Fiscus, C. H., and H. W. Braham. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 57-119.
Offshore development, Biological effects, Oil-gas leasing,
Marine mammals, Distribution, Bering Sea, Baseline studies
The identification, geographic distribution, and abundance
of all marine mammals inhabiting the Bering Sea are reported.
Times of migration, migration routes, and feeding grounds
must be identified before decisions are made with regard to
oil-gas leasing and petroleum resource development. Some
pinniped species feed pelagically while others feed near-
shore; many use the sea ice during spring and summer breeding
seasons.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01826.
1977]
179
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C-1491-77
BENTHOS-SEDIMENTARY SUBSTRATE INTERACTIONS
Hoskin, C. M. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 13. p. 25-305.
Benthos, Sediments, Monitoring, OCS, Environmental effects,
Offshore development, Alaska, Baseline studies
Grain size characteristics of bottom sediment were related
to the distribution and abundance of benthos living in and
on the sedimentary substrate. Because there are interactions
between benthos and sediment, baseline data are needed to
evaluate changes in the substrate that could result from
exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources and to deter-
mine the impact on benthic organisms.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03263.
1977]
Crl492-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ASSESSMENT PROJECT. HERRING SPAWNING
SURVEY—SOUTHERN BERING SEA
Jackson, P. B., and I. M. Warner. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 6. p. 1-16.
Biological effects, Offshore development, OCS, Fish,
Fisheries, Habitat, Bering Sea, Baseline studies, *Pacific
herring
The spawning ground utilization by the Pacific herring and
capelin in the Bering Sea was investigated to determine the
effects that offshore development may have on the habitats
of these fish. The socio-economic effects of the herring
fishery on local residents were determined and foreign
fishing harvest levels were investigated.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4);#W77-01842.
1977]
180
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C-1493-77
PETROLEUM, TEMPERATURE, AND TOXICANTS: EXAMPLES OF
SUSPECTED RESPONSES BY PLANKTON AND BENTHOS ON THE
CONTINENTAL SHELF
Jeffries, H. P., and W. C. Johnson, II. 1976.
Marine Reprint 69. SG-04p6-l58-44002. 16p.
Offshore development, Plankton, Benthos, DCS, Ecosystems,
Environmental effects
Population changes over time in natural marine communities
of the New York and Mid-Atlantic Bights are enumerated.
The direct effect of energy-related activities on coppod
populations is not a concern at present and short-term
effects are seen only at point sources. Persistent, small-
scale environmental changes may have cumulative effects on
benthic communities where ecosystem processes enhance,
rather than dissipate these changes.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(10):#W77-04844.
1977]
C-1494-77
PHYTOPLANKTON AND PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NORTHEAST
GULF OF ALASKA
Larrance, J. D. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 57-93.
Monitoring, Phytdplankton, Biological effects, Offshore
development, Baseline studies, *Primary production
Phytoplankton baseline data were collected to determine
their abundance, primary production rates and the environmental
factors controlling production. Repopulation of phytoplankton
following contamination may result in a species composition
much different from the previous one. Productivity levels
may also differ significantly.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01849.
1977]
181
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C-1495-77
TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ICE INHABITING PHOCID SEALS
Lowry, L. F., and J. J. Burns. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 303-332.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Marine mammals,
OCS, Distribution, Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea, *Seals,
*Trophic structure
The trophic structure of the ecosystems of ice inhabiting
seals is evaluated in terms of potential impacts of outer
continental shelf petroleum development in the Bering,
Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas. Determination of the diet,
foraging times, distribution, abundance, and natural history
of each species will lead to a better understanding of the
effects of offshore development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01834.
1977]
C-l496-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF OFFSHORE DISPOSAL OF DRILLING
FLUIDS AND CUTTINGS
McAuliffe, C. D., and L. L. Palmer. 1976.
Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, SPE 5864, 16 p.
Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, 46th Annual Cali-
fornia Regional Meeting.
Offshore drilling, Disposal, *Drilling wastes, Environmental
effects, Marine organisms
Laboratory studies using various organisms show these
materials generally to be relatively nontoxic. Rapid
dispersion and dilution during discharge of drilling fluids
and cuttings in seawater explain the lack of long-term
effects in areas with 20 to 40 years of petroleum opera-
tions. Offshore discharge is an environmentally acceptable
method for dispersal of drilling wastes.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01741. 1977]
182
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C-1497-77
INCIDENCE OF PATHOLOGY OF MARINE FISH DISEASES IN THE GULF
OF ALASKA, BERING SEA, AND BEAUFORT SEA
McCain, B. B., and S. R. Wellings. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 10. p. 381-433.
Monitoring, Fish, Environmental effects, Offshore develop-
ment, OCS, Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, Beaufort Sea,
Baseline studies, *Fish diseases
Baseline data have been obtained on the present health
status of demersal fishes in the waters near the Alaska
OCS so that future environmental effects of oil exploration
and development can be evaluated. The principal criterion
of fish health used is the frequency of externally visible
pathological conditions. Histopathological and micro-
biological properties of each major disease are also being
characterized.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03226.
1977]
C-l498-77
BASELINE STUDIES OF DEMERSAL RESOURCES OF THE EASTERN
BERING SEA SHELF AND SLOPE
Pereyra, W. T., J. E. Reeves, and R. G. Bakkala. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 219-242.
Monitoring, Distribution, Marine organisms, Offshore devel-
opment, Biological effects, Bering Sea, Baseline studies
Results are presented of extensive sampling and biological
baseline data surveys of demersal resources of the eastern
Bering Sea. Distributions, abundance, life history, popu-
lation characteristics, and historical exploitation
patterns for commercially important species of fish,
crustaceans, mollusks, and other organisms were analyzed in
preparation for assessing the effects of offshore oil
development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01853.
1977]
183
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C-1499-77
BASELINE STUDIES OF DEMERSAL RESOURCES OF THE NORTHERN GULF
OF ALASKA SHELF AND SLOPE: AN HISTORICAL PREVIEW
Pereyra, W. T., L. Ronholt, and S. Hughes. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 211-217.
Fisheries, Fish, *Shellfish, Offshore development, Biologi-
cal effects, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies, *Demersal
resources
The historic and present development of demersal fish and
shellfish resources of the Gulf of Alaska is reviewed.
Data on species of importance to man have been collected
and analyzed so that they may be compared with earlier-
surveys and provide baseline data for studies on possible
effects of oil development on these resources.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01852.
1977]
C-1500-77
BIOLOGY OF THE HARBOR SEAL, PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDI, IN THE
GULF OF ALASKA
Pitcher, K., and D. Calkins. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 247-261.
Biological effects, Offshore development, Marine mammals,
Contaminants, Food web, Gulf of Alaska, *Ecology, *Harbor
seal
A number of potential adverse effects of oil and gas
development on harbor seal populations are reported:
direct injury through contact with oil, disturbance during
pupping, exposure to environmental contaminants, reduced
food web productivity, and direct mortality of prey species.
The ecology of the harbor seal is discussed with reference
to trophic level, population, growth, seasonal distribu-
tion, sex and age segregation, and critical habitats.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01831.
1977]
184
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C-1501-77
ASSESSMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SEA OTTERS
ALONG THE KENAI PENINSULA, KAMISHAK BAY AND THE KODIAK
ARCHIPELAGO
Schneider, K. B. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigator's Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 333-358.
Marine mammals, Biological effects, Offshore development,
Distribution, OCS, Alaska, *Sea otters, Baseline studies
The potential adverse impact of outer continental shelf
activities on sea otters appears high, as they are more
vulnerable to direct oiling than other species of marine
mammals and they may be indirectly affected by chronic low
levels of pollution through the food chain. Information
was gathered to trace the patterns of range expansion,
identify those areas where OCS activities would have the
greatest impact, and provide a basis for evaluating the
sea otter's role in changes in marine ecosystems.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01835.
1977]
C-1502-77
DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF SEA OTTERS IN SOUTHWESTERN
BRISTOL BAY
Schneider, K. B. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 1. p. 359-369.
Marine mammals, Distribution, Contamination, Habitat,
Offshore development, Alaska, *Sea otters
Because sea otters are vulnerable to the direct effects of
oiling and may be affected through the food chain by
chronic low levels of pollution, the proposed outer conti-
nental shelf lease areas of Unimak Island and the Alaska
Peninsula are possible sources of sea otter habitat dis-
ruption. A systematic survey of the range of population
to determine sea otter distribution and number is reported.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01836.
1977]
185
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C-1503-77
FOOD AND FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS IN THE BENTHIC AND DEMERSAL
FISHES OF THE GULF OF ALASKA AND BERING SEA
Smith, R. L., A. C. Paulson, and J. R.yRose. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 7. p. 471-508.
Fish, Food web, Biological effects, Offshore development,
Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, Baseline Studies
A study in progress is reported in which the effects of
offshore oil activities on fishes can be assessed and
predicted. The objectives are to construct a detailed
picture of the food and feeding relationships among fishes
in the Gulf of Alaska and the Bering Sea so that possible
adverse interactions with OCS oil-related activities can be
avoided or mimimized.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01857.
1977]
C-1504-77
ACUTE TOXICITY OF WELL-DRILLING MUDS TO RAINBOW TROUT
SALMO GAIRDNERI (RICHARDSON)
Weir, R. H., and B. Moore. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling
Operations, Houston, 1975. p. 113-123.
Drilling, Oil wells, Toxicity, Acute effects, Fish, Arctic,
*Trout, *Drilling muds
The acute toxicity to trout of drilling muds from a Cana-
dian Arctic exploratory oil well was due to high levels of
KC1 in drilling muds at surface levels of the well, and a
combination of drilling components at lower well levels.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(15):fl01601c. 1977]
C-1505-77
BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION, LITTORAL BIOTA, GULF OF ALASKA
AND BERING SEA
Zimmerman, S. T., and T. R. Merrell, Jr. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 6. p. 75-584.
Monitoring, Marine organisms, Distribution,Mntertidal
zone, Coasts, Acute effects, Chronic effects, Bering Sea,
Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
The intertidal to subtidal biota in the region from the
eastern Gulf of Alaska to the Bering Sea have been
186
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characterized and inventoried in order to determine the
distribution and densities of species and biotic popu-
lations within major habitats along the coastline. Areas
most likely to be impacted by floating and dissolved oil
have been studied intensely. Possible acute and
chronic effects of oil on the primarily non-motile biota
are predicted, and possible secondary effects on marine
life feeding on affected littoral populations are con-
sidered.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4):#W77-01846.
1977]
C-l506-77
TOXICITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS USED IN
WELL-DRILLING OPERATIONS
Zitko, V. 1975.
Environmental Aspects of Chemical Use in Well-Drilling
Operations, Houston, 1975. p. 311-329.
Drilling, Oil wells, Toxicity, Environmental effects, Fish,
*Salmon, *Drilling muds
The acute toxicities of several organic oil well drilling
mud components to juvenile Atlantic salmon were tested.
Benzoic acid, benzene derivatives, naphthalene, substi-
tuted imidazolines and Na petroleum sulfonates were
tested and found to have less pronounced environmental
effects than the physical action of suspended solids.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(15):#101602d. 1977]
2. SOCIAL EFFECTS
C-l507-77
ONSHORE POLICY RESEARCH AND OFFSHORE OIL: A BRITISH
PERSPECTIVE
Mitchell, J. K. 1975.
The Present and Future of Coasts, Proceedings of the First
Annual Conference of the Coastal Society, Arlington,
Virginia, 1975. p. 241-246.
Offshore drilling, Onshore impacts, Socio-economic effects,
Production
Alternative patterns of onshore social and physical
impacts of the location of offshore drilling wells, levels
187
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of production, regulatory controls, and other factors
are discussed. Without adequate data on existing socio-
economic conditions in the U.S., the potential benefits
of East Coast oil are apt to be outweighed by the
deleterious effects on an unprepared society.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04484.
1977]
3. ECONOMIC EFFECTS
C-1508-77
EXPLOITATION OF THE SEA (in French)
Didou, H. 1976.
Ame*nagement No. 40: 20-23.
Offshore development, Economic effects, Contamination,
Fisheries, France
The views and fears of Breton fishermen are expressed with
respect to oil prospecting, extraction of sands, devel-
opment of naval ship repair yards, and cement works. The
serious economic risks to fishing and mariculture by
marine pollution (urban, industrial, agricultural, and
maritime sources) are emphasized.
[from Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts 7(3):#7Q3176.
1977]
4- GENERAL EFFECTS
C-1509-77
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PETROLEUM
AND PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY [in Russian]
Alkhazov, T. G. 1976,
Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Neft i Gaz 19(3)
82-85
Oil industry, Development, Refineries, Petrochemicals,
Environmental effects
"A review with no references."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(10):#59703k. 1977]
188
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C-1510-77
CALIFORNIA CLAIMS PRESENT DCS PROGRAM "CRUDE" (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Offshore 38(5):275-276
OCS, Oil-gas leasing, Offshore development, Onshore
impacts, Pollution control, California
Governor Brown's Office of Planning & Research is critical
of federal offshore oil-gas leasing strategy because
California must live within the onshore economic, social
and environmental consequences of that development. The
report calls for better oil spill control techniques and
pollution control compliance inspection, better contin-
gency planning on community levels, and streamlined spill
liability assessment and damage compensation.. The report
urges the identification and protection of marine fish-
eries, recreational resources, and marine mammal breeding
grounds.
C-1511-77
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS OF SELECTED ENERGY CONSERVA-
TION MANUFACTURING PROCESS OPTIONS. VOLUME 1. INDUSTRY
SUMMARY REPORT
Anon. 1976.
EPA/600/7-76/034a, Contract EPA-68-03-2198.
Industries, *Energy conservation, Environmental effects,
Refineries, technology innovation
This report assesses the likelihood of new process tech-
nology and practices being introduced by energy intensive
industries and considers the environmental impacts of
such changes. It covers 13 industries including the
petroleum refining industry.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#PB-262 977/
2GA. 1977]
0-1512-77
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT DEEPWATER PORT REGULATIONS
Anon. 1975.
Final report, U.S. Coast Guard. 241 p.
Ports, Regulations, Environmental effects, Oil discharges,
Safety, EIS, *Deepwater port
The regulations will result in increased safety and a
reduction in oil discharges at deepwater ports. Adverse
189
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environmental effects include slightly increased construc-
tion, operation, and maintenance costs for deepwater ports
and the requirement for a vessel traffic separation scheme
to prevent alternative uses of that area of the ocean.
The regulations will not eliminate oil spills, regulate
pipelines, control secondary development, nor set design
standards for tankers. Alternatives to the regulations
are discussed.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:#14 135389. 1976]
C-1513-77
MARINE ENVIRONMENTALISTS BASCOM AND GOODWIN COMMENT ON
TECHNOLOGY'S IMPACT ON OFFSHORE ECOLOGY
Anon. 1977.
Journal of Petroleum Technology, April:373-377.
Offshore drilling, Offshore development, Platforms,
Environmental effects, Regulations, Oil industry
An informal dialogue is presented in which two marine
environmentalists separately respond to questions about
how offshore resource development, especially oil-gas
development,affects marine ecology. Environmental regu-
lations, chronic oil pollution from offshore production,
and marine life on and around offshore platforms are
briefly discussed.
C-1514-77
PROPOSED 1975 OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF OIL AND GAS GENERAL
LEASE SALE, OFFSHORE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: DCS SALE NO.
35. VOL 1-3
Bankland, C. 1975.
Draft environmental statement, Report NP-20499/P1. 2035 p.
Environmental effects, DCS, Oil-gas leasing, California
coast, EIS, Offshore development
Volume 1 (807 p.) of this 3-volume draft environmental
impact statement consists of descriptions of the proposal
and the environment, including geology, climate, oceanog-
raphy, marine organisms and habitats, environmental
problems, and historical and projected economic growth.
Volume 2 (510 p.) discusses the environmental impact of
the proposal, mitigating factors, unavoidable adverse
environmental effects, the merits of short-term use'vs.
long-term productivity, irreversible commitment of
resources, and alternatives to the proposed action.
Volume 3 (718 p.) contains the 23 appendices for the
Draft environmental impact statement.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(12):#231,631-231,633. 1977]
190
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C-1515-77
NATURE OF POTENTIAL OIL INDUSTRY OPERATIONS ON THE
ATLANTIC CONTINENTAL SHELF
Bell, E. 0. 1976.
Effects of Energy-Related Activites on the Atlantic Con-
tinental Shelf, Upton, N.Y., 1975. p. 12-30. Proceed-
ings.
Offshore development, Oil industry, Oil wells, DCS,
Environmental effects, Atlantic Coast
Offshore oil industry activities from the first seismic
survey through the exploratory drilling, development, and
production stage are reviewed. With some 20,000 offshore
oil and gas wells across the U.S., no incident that has
resulted in permanent damage to the environment has
occurred. The oil industry has the technical skills and
the organization to protect the environment and meet the
future needs of the people.
[from Selected Water Resource Abstracts 10(10):#W77-
04936. 1977]
C-1516-77
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF TERTIARY OIL
RECOVERY
Braxton, C., R. Stephens, C. Muller, J. White, and
J. Post. 1976.
Final report, Contract EPA-68-01-1912. 229 p.
Production, Environmental effects, *Tertiary oil recovery
methods, Groundwater, Water quality, Models ,
Potential environmental problems which are associated with
a variety of enhanced oil recovery methods are described.
Possible impacts on groundwater and water quality are
assessed using dispersion modeling and risk estimates.
Additional research needs are identified.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(4):#PB-260 6467
5GA. 1977]
191
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C-1517-77
THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF COASTS
Coastal Society. 1975.
Proceedings of the First Annual Conference of the Coastal
Society, Arlington, Va., 1975. 287 p.
Offshore development, Coasts, Environmental effects,
Resource management, Conferences, *Coastal impacts
The problem of offshore oil development is discussed by
members of Congress, oil industry, and ecological conser-
vation organizations. The conference looked at planning,
resource development, environmental impact, and the ways
in which man and the coastal zone interact in an effort
to obtain and maintain environmental quality along the
shore.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9);#W77-04462.
1977]
C-1518-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES PROGRAM.
SUMMARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE TRACE METAL AND HYDRO-
CARBON SEMINARS SPONSORED BY THE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGE-
MENT, WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 8-12, 1975
Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management,
Marine Minerals Division. 1975.
Aerospace Report No. ATR-76(7504)-5, Section 2 (Hydro-
carbon Seminar). 28 p.
Offshore development, OCS, BLM, Environmental effects,
Hydrocarbons, *Trace metals
Summary not available.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic
Waters. Seattle, Northwest Marine Fisheries Center,
September, 1976]
C-1519-77
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM ON OFFSHORE OIL POTENTIAL AND
RELATED LAND USE IMPACT IN THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COASTAL
ZONE
Doyle, W. T. (ed.). 1975.
University of California (Santa Cruz), Coastal Marine
Studies Special Publication No. 3. iii + 81 p.
Offshore development, California coast, Onshore impacts,
Legislation
The transcript of several presentations are given. Topics
covered include the geologic setting of the Central
192
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California Coastal Zone (CCCZ); estimates of CCCZ poten-
tial offshore oil resources; a review of offshore
extraction and onshore facilities; a discussion of
potential CCCZ land and resource use conflicts resulting
from offshore development; and legal issues of offshore
and coastal development.
C-l520-77
YUKON DELTA COASTAL PROCESSES STUDY
Dupre, W. R., and D. M. Hopkins. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March
1976. Vol. 13. p. 5-40.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, Oil spills,
OCS, Alaska, *6eology, *Hydrology, *Yukon delta
The Quaternary faults and volcanoes which characterize
much of the Yukon delta constitute serious geological
constraints on the selection of transportation corridors.
The siting of offshore petroleum facilities must take
into account the extent of shorefast ice, the possibility
of offshore permafrost, and the possible effects of
altering offshore bathymetry in changing coastal stabil-
ity. In addition, the effects of possible oil spills
must take into account the northward drift of water and
sediments and the local and seasonal, variability of
current patterns.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03255.
1977]
C-l521-77
AN ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW OF UNITED STATES ENERGY FUTURES
Gage, S. J. 1976.
EPA Report 600/7-76-002. p. 15-25.
Offshore production, Environmental effects, U.S., Oil
shale, Development
"A general discussion and prediction of the environmental
impacts of energy production in the United States.
Briefly treated are the impacts of petroleum production
in the marine environment, coal mining, especially sur-
face mining, coal utilization, including fluidized bed
combustion, oil shale development, geothermal energy
development and solar energy."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(6}:#W77-02650.
1977]
193
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C-1522-77
TMPACTS OF OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES; LAFOURCHE
PARISH, LA.
Happ, 6., V. R. Bennett, W. Burke, III, W. H. Conner, and
N. J. Craig. 1976.
Final report, NOAA-76121310. 154 p.
Offshore development, OCS, Environmental effects, Oil
spills, Pipelines, Marshes, Louisiana, *Lafourche Parish
The major environmental impacts of OCS activities are:
OCS employment^derived population increases, OCS use
of pipeline ditches and navigational canals, and potential
oil spills. OCS-use of oil and gas pipeline canals, and
dredging of landfill, muck disposal, and spoil banks are
other sources of environmental impact upon Lafourche
Parish.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(8):#PB-263 412/
9GA. 1977]
C-l523-77
RESULTS OF AN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH PROGRAM IN THE CANA-
DIAN BEAUFORT SEA
Hnatiuk, J. 1977.
Journal of Petroleum Technology, June;604-612.
Offshore drilling, Spill cleanup, Ice, Baseline studies,
Marine organisms, Environmental effects, Arctic, Beaufort
Sea
The general results are presented of a comprehensive envi-
ronmental research program consisting of 33 wildlife,
biological, oceanographic, meteorological, sea ice, and oil
cleanup studies in the Beaufort Sea, The studies, con-
ducted from 1974 to 1976, are providing the following;
ecological baseline data, a better understanding of the
physical environment, knowledge of possible consequences
of oil spillage, and means for oil cleanup under arctic
conditions. The results of this joint government-industry
program have been used to set operating constraints for
safeguarding the environment.
C-l524-77
IN THE WAKE OF ARGO MERCHANT (news brief)
Howard, D. V. 1977.
Massachusetts Audubon 16(6):6-7.
Oil-gas leasing, Atlantic Ocean, EIS, Environmental
effects, Fisheries, Argo Merchant spill, BLM, *Georges
Bank
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management hearing on the envi-
ronmental impact statement for the Georges Bank lease
194
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sale is reported in light of the Argo Merchant oil spill.
The effects of offshore oil development on New England
fisheries and tourism are discussed.
C-1525-77
Oil Comes to the Shetlands
Koenig, P. 1977.
Audubon 79(2):129-133
Socio-economic effects, Oil industry, Environmental
effects, Production, Scotland, *Sullom Voe
The natural history and socio-economic development of the
Shetland Islands are described. Oil interest and produc-
tion in Sullom Voe are discussed and the possible environ-
mental effects of this production are presented. Accounts
of interviews of local citizens around Sullom Voe are
given.
C-l526-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PRODUCED WATERS FROM OIL AND
GAS EXTRACTION OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AND COASTAL WATERS
Koons, C. B., C. D. McAuliffe, and F. T. Weiss. 1977.
Journal of Petroleum Technology June:723-729.
Offshore production, Extraction, Fate, Hydrocarbons,
Environmental effects, Coasts, *Produced waters
This paper reviews a number of laboratory and field
studies on produced waters and their effects on offshore
and coastal marine environments. The report was prepared
in order to allay some of the concerns about the fate and
possible detrimental effects of the continued discharge
of hydrocarbons and other organic and inorganic constitu-
ents of produced waters.
C-l527-77
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT. PARAHO FULL SIZE
MODULE OIL SHALE RETORT FACILITY
Laramie Energy Research Center. 1977.
ERDA, unnumbered report. 340 p.
Oil shale, Production, EIS, Solid wastes, Disposal,
Restoration, Colorado
An environmental impact statement (EIS) has been prepared
by ERDA for the proposed U.S. Navy-sponsored Paraho oil
shale research project at Anvil Points, Colorado. For
this project, at least four million tons of oil shale will
195
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be retorted, and about two million barrels of oil will
be extracted. The EIS covers the disposal of some 3.6
million tons of spent oil shales in Paraho Canyon and
restoration of the disposal site by compacting, contour-
ing and revegetating.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(15):#232, 326. 1977]
C-l528-77
OTC HIGHLIGHTS HYDROCARBON SAFETY
LeBlanc, L. 1977.
Offshore 38(5):179-181.
Offshore production, Safety, Environmental protection,
Pollution prevention, Economics
Producing hydrocarbons under the world's oceans at a
cost near that of land production and doing it safely
both for man and the environment are the two major
topics addressed in the 10th Annual Offshore Technology
Conference held in Houston, May 2-5, 1977. Over 300
papers are presented, among which are papers on environ-
mental and pollution considerations, geologic hazards,
spill detection, blowout prevention, and environmental
and biological effects of offshore production.
C-l529-77
OIL: STUDY OF POLLUTION INSURANCE LIABILITY LAWS
Lipeles, V\. 1975.
Environmental Policy Institute research paper. 69 p.
Regulations, Liability, Insurance, Ships, Ports, Offshore
development
The paper describes and evaluates existing liability
schemes affecting vessels, deepwater ports, and onshore
and offshore facilities. Particular attention is given
to insurance arrangements that cover such liabilities.
A discussion of the central issues culminates in a com-
parative analysis of the two key proposals pending before
Congress.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:#14 135863. 1976]
196
-------
C-1530-77
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ONSHORE IMPACT OF OFFSHORE DRILLING
Menard, et al. 1975.
American Enterprise Institute National Energy Project
Conference, Beverly Hills, 1975. p. 33-65.
Onshore impacts, Offshore drilling, Environmental effects
The seriousness of environmental damage from offshore
drilling is discussed and the value of oceanic baseline
studies is disputed. The author feels that the main
onshore effects would occur as a result of the need for
supporting equipment and facilities, and that environ-
mental impacts should not be measured in absolute terms
but according to the actual exposure of people to envi-
ronmental "insults".
[from Environment Abstracts 7(1):#77-00339. 1977]
C-1531-77
OFFSHORE DRILLING FOR OIL IN THE BEAUFORT SEA: A PRELIM-
INARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
Milne, A. R., and B. D. Smiley. 1976.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea
Project technical report, No. 39. 43 p.
Offshore drilling, Oil spills, Spreading, Movement,
Environmental effects, Marine mammals, Birds, Fish,
Beaufort Sea
The report assesses the possibility and effects of an oil
well blowout in the Beaufort Sea. Using a hypothetical
blowout scenario from three possible drill sites, the
report analyzes the effects of water currents, climate,
weather and ice formation on the spreading, movement
and general fate of oil during different seasons. The
impact of large spills on climatic patterns, seabirds,
marine mammals and fish are considered, especially those
biological resources considered valuable to man.
C-1532-77
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT OF FOSSIL FUELS
Morris, S. C. 1975.
Georgia Institute of Technology Conference on Energy/
Environment Cost Benefit Analysis, Atlanta, 1975. p. 318-
329.
Fossil fuels, Environmental effects, Water quality, Oil
spills
Climatic, air, water, and land effects of fossil fuel
systems are assessed. Major vectors affecting water
197
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originate with coal mine drainage, oil spills, and power plant
cooling.
[from Energy Information Abstracts 2(1):f77-20736. 1977]
C-1533-77
ENWROWNTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHEl F.
VOLUME 1, PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS' REPORTS APRIL-JUNE 1976.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Labs. 1976.
NOAA-76122707; NTIS PB-263 064/86A. 951 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS, Baseline
studies, Marine organisms, Birds, Alaska
"Thisvolume contains the quarterly reports of baseline studies
on the environmental effects of the development of resources
on the Alaska continental shelf. Baseline studies encompass
the marine mammals, birds, fish, plankton, benthos and littoral
biota."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04200. 1977]
C-1534-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE ALASKAN CONTINENTAL SHELF.
VOLUME 2. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS' REPORTS APRIL-JUNE 1976.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental
Research Labs. 1976.
NOAA-77122708; NTIS PB-263 065/5GA. 873 p.
Offshore development, Environmental effects, OCS, Baseline
studies, Alaska
"This volume contains the quarterly reports of baseline studies
on the environmental effects of the development of resources
on the Alaska continental shelf. Baseline studies encompass
pollution effects, chemistry and microbiology, physical oceanog-
raphy, geology, ice and data management."
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(9):#W77-04201. 1977]
C-11535-77
COASTAL EFFECTS OF OFFSHORE ENERGY SYSTEMS: AN ASSESSMENT OF OIL
AND GAS SYSTEMS, DEEP WATER PORTS, AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS OFF
THE COAST OF NEW JERSEY AND DELAWARE
Office of Technology Assessment. 1976.
Stock No. 052-003-00245-1. 304 p.
Offshore development, Onshore impacts, Ports, Socio-economic
effects, Coasts, New Jersey, Delaware
Presented is the Office of Technology Assessment's analysis of
probable onshore impacts of three technologies studied off the
198
-------
coast of New Jersey and Delaware. The study specifically delin-
eates the possible actions Congress may want to consider in
future legislation dealing with offshore oil and gas and deep
water ports. Possible economic, political, social, and legal
impacts of implementing the technologies are discussed.
C-l536-77
POTENTIAL LAND USE CONFLICTS RESULTING FROM OFFSHORE DRILLING
IN THE CENTRAL CALIFORNIA COASTAL AREA
Pepper, J. E. 1975.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Offshore Oil Potential and
Related Land Use Impacts in the Central California Coastal Zone.
W. T. Doyle (ed.). p. 51-66. (University of California, Santa
Cruz , Coastal Marine Studies Special Publication No. 3)
Offshore drilling, Onshore impacts, Pollution prevention,
California coast, *Land use conflicts
Potential adverse impacts of offshore development on Central
California's coastal and land resources, and means for avoiding
resource-use conflicts are explored. Parts of the California
Coastal Zone Conservation Commission Preliminary Plan are dis-
cussed. Set forth are policies for controlling or preventing
oil discharges and spills and regulating offshore and onshore
oil-related facilities in scenic, environmentally significant,
or otherwise incompatible areas. <
C-l537-77
OIL SHALE: THE PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF AN EMERGING ENERGY
INDUSTRY
Rattien, S., and D. Eaton. 1976.
Annual Review of Energy 1:183-212.
Oil shale, Development, Production, Economics, Environmental
effects
Technological, economic, environmental and institutional aspects
of commercial oil shale development are examined. Although a
commercial shale oil industry appears feasible from a resource
and technology perspective, there remain significant uncertain-
ties about the economics, availability of water supply, and
environmental effects of such development.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 2(11):#2113, 1976]
199
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C-1538-77
BER BALANCED PROGRAM PLAN: OIL SHALE TECHNOLOGY
Schulte, H. F., A. K. Stoker, E. E. Campbell, E. C. Anderson,
and G. E. Dials. 1976.
Report LA-6390-MS, Contract W-7405-eng-36. 42 p.
Oil shale, Development, Environmental effects, *Research programs
Twenty-three biomedical and environmental research projects are
described as to program title, scope, milestones, technology time
frame, program unit priority, and estimated program unit cost.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(1):#231. 1977]
C-1539-77
AN OILSPILL RISK ANALYSIS FOR THE NORTH ATLANTIC OUTER CONTI-
NENTAL SHELF LEASE AREA
Smith, R. A., et al. 1976.
USGS Open-File Report 76-620. 50 p.
Oil spills, Offshore development, DCS, Environmental effects,
Atlantic coast, *Risk analysis
An oil spill risk analysis was conducted to determine relative
environmental hazards of oil development in the North Atlantic
outer continental shelf lease area. The probability of spill
occurrence, likely path of pollutants from spills, and locations
in space and time of vulnerable recreational and biological
resources are analyzed,and the results are combined to yield
estimates of the overall oil spill risk in the lease area.
[from Environment Abstract 7(1):#77-00338. 1977]
C-1540-77
HYDRODYNAMICS OF AN OIL WELL BLOWOUT
Topham, D. R. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Project
technical report, No. 33. 52 p.
Oil wells, *Submarine blowout simulation, Models, Containment,
Fate
Shallow submarine oil well blowout situations were simulated by
releasing continuous streams of air and gas/oil mixtures at
depths of 23 and 60 m. In all cases, a central rising plume with
radial surface flow patterns and a ring of waves concentric with
the plume center were noted. The ring of waves was found to
provide a certain amount of natural containment, causing the
streams of emulsified oil to coalesce and be retained within the
wave ring.
200
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C-1541-77
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF ALASKA OUTER CONTI-
NENTAL SHELF PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT
University of Alaska. 1975.
Washington, D. C., Alaska Outer Continental Shelf Office,
Bureau of Land Management, 1975. 97 p.
Offshore development, Social effects, Economic effects, Alaska
The document relates the interrelations among the physical,
economic, social, individual, and political phenomena that
condition human welfare. The analysis is organized in terms
of geographical entities: the State of Alaska, the several
regions within which the oil and gas development will take
place, and the local communities where social-cultural integra-
tion takes place.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(2):#3333. 1977]
C-1542-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT PROGRAM IN THE
BEAUFORT SEA
Weller, G. 1976.
Arctic Bulletin 2(9):125-142,
Biological effects, Offshore development, OCS, Habitat, Onshore
impacts, Spill cleanup, Pollution prevention
An account of the title investigation is described. The major
biological populations and habitats subject to possiblejmpact
by petroleum exploration and development are discussed. Neces-
sarysupport facilities to meet production systems and onshore
developments are presented. Spill prevention and cleanup
operations are evaluated.
C-l543-77
OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT
Wellman, P. 1976.
Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, llth,
State Line, Nevada, 1976. New York, AIChE, 1976. SAE Paper
769316. Vol. 1. p.336-340.
Oil shale, Development, Economics, Environmental effects
"Policy and economic problems affecting utilization of kerogen
from oil shale are discussed. Environmental constraints are
analyzed and the need of long range planning and government
co-sponsored development is emphasized."
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(3):#018658. 1977]
201
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
C-1544-77
MICROBIOLOGICAL CYCLING OF OIL IN ESTUARINE MARSHLANDS
Ahearn, D. G., S. A. Crow, and N. H. Berner. 1976.
Estuarine Processes, Uses, Stresses, and Adaptation to the
Estuary. New York, Academic Press, 1976. Vol. 1. p.483-492.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Marshes, Estuaries
This report examines the effects of Louisiana crude oil and a
mixed culture of yeasts on the indigenous microbial flora. The
hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria and yeasts increased at sites
accidentally or experimentally inundated with crude oil. Marsh
sediments contained low populations of hydrocarbonoclastic fungi
with few strains showing significant oil-emulsifying properties.
In culture, a mixed culture of Candida maltosa and C. lipolytica
gave significant emulsification of crude oil and utilized up to
90% of selected hydrocarbons.
C-1545-77
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND
POLLUTANTS RESULTING FROM PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT ON THE OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
Atlas, R. M. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976,
Vol. 9. p.1-286.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Offshore development,
OCS, Beaufort Sea, Baseline studies
A baseline description was established of microbial communities
in the Beaufort Sea. Included is quantitative information on
the occurrence of physiological groups of microorganisms, the
qualitative taxonomic characteristics of dominant microorganism
species, and the ability of indigenous microorganisms to trans-
form petroleum hydrocarbons entering the ecosystem from OCS
development.
[from. Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03217. 1977]
202
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C-1546-77
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL INTERACTIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND
POLLUTANTS RESULTING FROM PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENT ON THE OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF IN THE GULF OF ALASKA
Atlas, R. M. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 9. p.287-345.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Offshore develop-
ment, OCS, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
A baseline description was established of microbial communities
in the Gulf of Alaska. Included is quantitative information
on the occurrence of physiological groups of microorganisms,
the qualitative taxonomic characteristics of dominant microbial
species, and the ability of indigenous microorganisms to trans-
form petroleum hydrocarbons entering the ecosystem from OCS
development.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03217. 1977]
C-1547-77
FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTANTS IN EXTREMELY COLD MARINE
ENVIRONMENTS
Atlas, R. M. 1976.
Annual Report No. 4S Contract N00014-76-C-0400. 39p.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Petroleum products, Toxicity,
Crustaceans, Monitoring, Arctic, *Amphipods
Simulation of oil biodegradation in Arctic coastal marine waters
indicated very slow degradation. Microbial degradation was
enhanced by addition of nutrients. Low concentrations of
soluble/dispersed oil resulted in sublethal changes in the move-
ment and feeding of arctic amphipods; higher concentrations
proved lethal. Microorganisms were found to be useful in
monitoring hydrocarbon contamination levels.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(5):#AD-A033 477/1GA.
1977]
C-1548-77
ISOLATION AND STUDY OF A NEW MARINE BACTERIUM GROWING ON HYDRO-
CARBONS. II. MECHANISMS OF LYSIS AND VIABILITY [English summary]
Bertrand, J. C., H. Bazin, and E. Azoulay. 1976.
Annales De Microbiologie Bl27(3):393-409.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, *Lysis, *Ionic concentration
The growth of the marine bacterium L.I6.1 is dependent on the
presence of a well-defined NaCl concentration in the medium and
203
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will undergo lysis on transfer from high to low ionic environments.
This lytic phenomenon can be prevented by the presence of sodium
or divalent cations and appears to be due to the loss of magnesium
and calcium ions by the cells.
C-1549-77
ISOLATION AND STUDY OF A NEW MARINE BACTERIUM GROWING ON HYDRO-
CARBONS. III. OXIDATION OF SUBSTRATES AND EFFECTS OF DETERGENTS
ON THE CELLS [English summary]
Bertrand, J. C., H. Bazin, S. Mutaftschiev, and E. Azoulay. 1976.
Annales De Microbiologie B127(3):411-427.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Oxidation, Toxicity,
Surfactants, *Ionic concentration, *Detergents
The oxidation of exogenous hexadecane by cells of the bacterial
strain L.16.1 is a function of intracellular and extracellular
sodium and potassium ion concentrations. Cells which lost their
sodium as a result of washing oxidize hexadecane at a very low
rate; this indicates that sodium may play a role in the cytoplasmic
membrane and in the oxidative activities of the cell membrane.
Growth and respiration are inhibited by low concentrations of
ionic detergents, whereas non-ionic detergents can serve as
growth substrates and are oxidized like hexadecane.
C-1550-77
ISOLATION AND STUDY OF A NEW MARINE BACTERIUM GROWING ON
HYDROCARBONS. I. PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY [English summary]
Bertrand, J. C., S. Mutaftschiev, H. G. Henkel, H. Bazin, and
E. Azoulay. 1976.
Annales De Microbiologie B127(3):373-391.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Coasts, Monitoring
The growth of a bacterial strain isolated from coastal waters
which were polluted by oil-waste was monitored and found to
preferentially utilize alkanes with a carbon number greater
than nine. This strain is sodium dependent at the physiological
level and is characterized by a high lipid content.
C-1551-77
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR COMBATTING HYDROCARBON IMPURITIES ON
THE EARTH'S SURFACE, ESPECIALLY ON WATER SURFACES
Bisa, K., and T. Bisa. 1976.
German Offenlegungsschriften (unexamined patent application)
2,506,612
Biodegradation, Oil slicks, Bacteria, Spill cleanup, Design and
engineering, Patent
Bacteria] biodegradation of hydrocarbons is proposed as a means
of removing oil from water surfaces. An apparatus is described
204
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which disperses an aqueous suspension of bacteria and nutrients
as an aerosol over the water surface and uses compressed air
as a propel!ant gas.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#78264j. 1977]
C-1552-77
IMPACT OF, THE USE OF MICROORGANISMS ON THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Bourquin, A. W., D. 6. Ahearn, and S. P. Meyers. 1975.
Report EPA 660-3-75-001.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, *Aquatic environment
Summary not available.
[from S. P. Meyers, Louisiana State University Station, P.O. Box
19090-A, Baton Rouge, LA 70803]
C-1553-77
BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE PETROLEUM BY THE INDIGENOUS MICROBIAL
FLORA OF THE BEAUFORT SEA
Bunch, J. N., and R. C. Karl and. 1976.
Canada Department of the Environment. Beaufort Sea Project
Technical Report No. 10. 52p.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Sampling, Biological
effects, Beaufort Sea
Microbial sampling was conducted in the South Beaufort Sea during
the summer of 1974-1975, and indigenous heterotrophic flora
collected were found to be predominantly psychrophilic. This
report describes the sampling, laboratory procedures, and
determination of the biodegradation potentials and rates,
optimal temperature ranges, and nutrient requirements for
different microbial cultures. Results indicate that optimal
biodegradation occurred at 20°C or below and that the indigenous
flora did not respond adversely to moderate inputs of petroleum.
C-1554-77
UTILIZATION OF CRUDE OIL AND MIXED HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATE BY
ATLANTIC OCEAN MICROORGANISMS
Conrad, B. F., J. D. Halker, and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology. L. A. Underkofler (ed.).
Washington, D. C., American Institute Biological Sciences, 1976.
Vol. 17. p.283-291. Proceedings of General Meeting of the
Society for Industrial Microbiology, 32nd, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms,
Sampling, Atlantic Ocean
Sediment samples collected at three stations off the coast of
North Carolina were examined for petroleum-degrading microorganisms,
205
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A South Louisiana crude oil and a mixture of hydrocarbons served
as substrates in the study. The mixed hydrocarbon substrate
yielded larger bacterial populations than the South Louisiana
crude oil. Microorganisms sampled from the deep-ocean environ-
ment (3500 m) provided significant degradation of crude oil and
mixed hydrocarbon substrate, when culture conditions were
optimum for growth, compared with sediment collected from the
near-shore environment (8m).
C-1555-77
PSYCHROPHILIC HYDROCARBON - DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM NARRAGANSET
BAY, RHODE ISLAND
Cundell, A. M., and R. U. Traxler. 1976.
Material und Organisrnen 11(1):1-17.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria, Narraganset Bay,
*Growth studies
Representative bacterial isolates were screened on n-hexadecane,
methylcyclohexane, p-xylene, n-hexylbenzene and naphthalene to
demonstrate their ability to grow at the expense of a range of
hydrocarbons on solid media at 0, 8, 16, and 24°C. Growth on
the hydrocarbons at all temperatures indicated that the bacteria
were facultative psychrophiles. Results of growth rate studies
for two hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria grown on n-dodecane and
naphthalene are presented.
C-1556-77
THE RATE OF MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL IN A BEACH GRAVEL COLUMN
Gibbs, C. F., and S. J. Davis. 1976.
Microbial Ecology 3(l):55-64.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Beaches, Oxidation,
*Beach gravel
The biodegradation of crude oil in coarse beach gravel was
followed using an automatic continuous flow respirometer. After
an initial addition of nitrate and phosphate nutrients to begin
the oxidation processes, biodegradation rates gradually increased
without further addition of nutrients.
[from Biological Abstracts 63(5):#26131. 1977]
206
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C-1557-77
MICROBIAL ASPECTS OF THE DETERIORATION OF MATERIALS
Gilbert, R. J., and D. W. Lovelock (eds.). 1975.
New York, Academic Press, 1975. 261 p.
(Society for Applied Bacteriology technical series no. 9).
Biodegradation, Petroleum products, Fuels, Microorganisms
Included are fourteen papers presented at the Autumn Demonstra-
tion Meeting of the Society of Applied Bacteriology, October 24,
1973, in London. Biodeterioration of petroleum products and
fuels are among the topics covered.
[from The Engineering Index Monthly 15(2):#010972. 1977]
C-1558-77
HYDROCARBON UTILIZATION BY BREVIBACTERIUM, AZOTOMONAS,
PROTAMINOBACTERIUM, MYCOCOCCUS AND AEROMONAS
Lonsane, B. K., K. Vadalkar, H. D. Singh, and 0. N. Baruah.
1976.
Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 14(6):734-736.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Bacteria
"Morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics of 7
bacterial isolates capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as sole
C source, reveal that 3 isolates belong to the genus Aeromonas
and 1 each to Brevibacterium, Protaminobacter, Mycocococcus.
and Azotomonas. The isolates grow on gas oil and n-alkanes.
The hydrocarbon-utilizing abilities of Protaminobacter.
Azotomonas, and Aeromonas were not previously known."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(9):#52541x. 1977]
C-1559-77
POLLUTION BY HYDROCARBONS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST IT [English
summary]
Mardirossian, J. 1976.
Industrie du Petrole dans le Monde-Gaz-Chimie 44(474):74-75,
77,79,82.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Pollution control
The biological requirements underlying microbial biodegradation
of hydrocarbons in water and the acceleration of microbial
oxidation by use of concentrated activated muds and thorough
aeration are discussed. Sensitivity of microbes to toxic
substances is described; and recent attempts to develop fast-
acting and efficient petroleum-degrading microorganisms are
outlined.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(14):#232,061. 1977]
207
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C-1560-77
SELF-PURIFICATION IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE BLACK SEA [in
Russian]
Mironov, 0. 6., L. N. Kiryukhina, M. I. Kucherenko, and E. P.
Tarkhova. 1975.
Kiev, USSR, Naukova Dumka, 1975. 143p.
Biodegradation, Bacteria, Coasts, *Coastal waters, Sediments,
Black Sea, USSR
The self-purification of coastal waters and bottom sediments of
the Black Sea was evaluated by determining the abundance, number
of species, diversity and composition, distribution, and
biochemical characteristics of oil-metabolizing microorganisms.
Several genera of petroleum-oxidizing bacteria were isolated
in the study area and their capacity for metabolizing oil was
examined.
[from Biological Abstracts 63(4):#19684. 1977]
C-1561-77
BASELINE STUDY OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN THE BEAUFORT SEA AND
GULF OF ALASKA AND ANALYSIS OF CRUDE OIL DEGRADATION BY
PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA
Morita, R. Y., and R. P. Griffiths. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 10. p.147-191.
Biodegradation, Acute effects, Crude oil, Bacteria, Uptake,
Metabolism, Beaufort Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
The acute effects of crude oil exposure on the uptake and
respiration of glutamic acid by a natural microbial population
were studied. During initial stages of incubation, the levels
of activity were lower in the crude oil enrichment, but as
incubation progressed, the levels of activity increased.
Psychrophilic crude oil-degrading bacteria are probably
quite rare in Beaufort Sea waters. Most of the crude oil-
degrading bacteria are probably psychrotrophic.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03223. 1977]
208
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C-1562-77
THE MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF OIL IN CONTINUOUS CULTURE
Pritchard, P. H., and T. J. Starr. 1975.
Annual Report No. 2, ONR 00014-73-C-0074; NTIS AD/A-013 322.
81p.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Bacteria, Fate, Emulsification,
Dispersions, Weathering
The development and testing of a continuous culture system for
the microbial degradation of oil in aquatic ecosystems are
described. The fate of a mini oil spill under laboratory
conditions is presented. Slow emu!sification, dispersion,
and chemical alteration of the oil were followed by a bacterial
attack; the degradation process was not necessarily enhanced
by the addition of detergents.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(6) :#W77-3012. 1977]
C-1563-77
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL BY MARINE MICROORGANISMS AT POTENTIAL
OFF-SHORE DRILLING SITES
Seesman, P. A., J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology, L. A. Underkofler (ed.),
Washington, D. C., American Institute Biological Sciences, 1976.
Vol. 17. p.293-297. Proceedings of General Meeting of the
Society for Industrial Microbiology, 32nd, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Sampling, Atlantic
coast, Offshore drilling, *0il development sites
Surface seawater samples collected at sites of potential oil
exploration along the U.S. southeastern Atlantic Coast were
examined for bacteria capable of degrading South Louisiana
crude oil. Results suggest that oil degradation was limited
by P04 and NH4 concentration. Relatively little degradation
of crude oil was effected by microorganisms in seawater samples
collected at the sites included in the study.
C-1564-77
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN A SURFACE
LAYER [in Russian]
Semenov, A. D., L. F. Pavlenko, and A. G. Stradomskaya. 1975.
Gidrokhimicheskie Materialy 62:166-173.
Biodegradation, Oil spills, Petroleum products, Bacteria
"The surface layer contained 70-90% petroleum products. This
dropped to 20-40% after 20 days. Biodegrading bacteria was
larger in the spill than in the water. Aliphatic and aromatic
hydrocarbon concentrations were 55-90 and 12-45%, respectively."
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(10):#60309t. 1977]
209
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C-1565-77
MICROBIAL METABOLISM, OF ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS - ISOLATION AND
PROPERTIES OF A CYCLOHEXANE-DEGRADING BACTERIUM
Stirling, L. A., R. J. Watkinson, and I. J. Higgins. 1977.
The Journal of General Microbiology 99(1):119-125.
Biodegradation, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Bacteria, Estuaries,
*Cyclohexane degradation
A bacterium which grows on cyclohexane as a sole carbon and
energy source has been isolated from estuarine mud flats. The
organism is auxotrophic for biotin and grows on cyclohexane
with a mean generation time of 10 hours and ay sub of 59.9 9
dry wt (mol cyclohexane)-!. Growth, respiration, and enzyme
studies are consistent with the degradation of cyclohexane via
cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, e-caprolactone and 6-hydroxycaproate.
C-1566-77
BACTERIONEUSTON AND PROBLEM OF DEGRADATION IN SURFACE FILMS OF
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES RELEASED INTO THE SEA
Tsiban, A. V. 1976.
Seventh International Conference on Water Pollution Research.
Technical papers. S. H. Jenkins (ed.). Oxford, Pergamon Press,
1976. p.793-799.
Biodegradation, Oil slicks, Bacteria, Neuston, Black Sea, Caspian
Sea, Gulf of Alaska, *Azov Sea
Bacterioneuston degradation of natural and artificial organic oil
films is described and investigations conducted in the Black,
Caspian, and Azov Seas, and in the Alaskan Gulf are presented.
Water samples and bacteria were isolated and studied.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(6)-.#14864. 1977]
C-1567-77
DEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS AND MIXED HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATE BY
MICROORGANISMS FROM CHESAPEAKE BAY
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Seventh International Conference on Water Pollution Research.
Technical papers. S. H. Jenkins (ed.). Oxford, Pergamon
Press, 1976. p.783-791.
Biodegradation, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Microorganisms, Bacteria,
Sediments, Chesapeake Bay
Microorganisms isolated from Colgate Creek in Baltimore Harbor
of Chesapeake Bay were capable of degrading paraffinic, mono-,
and dicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of the type occurring in
sediment from that area. Higher numbers of petroleum-degrading
bacteria were found in Poole's Island samples; these bacteria
may be responsible for the oil content reduction.
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(6):#14933. 1977]
210
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C-1568-77
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF EMPIRE MIX CRUDE OIL
Wyman, J. F., and L. R. Brown. 1976.
Developments in Industrial Microbiology. L. A. Underkofler (ed.).
Washington, D. C., American Institute Biological Sciences, 1976.
Vol. 17. p.321-329. Proceedings of General Meeting of the
Society for Industrial Microbiology, 32nd, 1975.
Biodegradation, Crude oil, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Estuaries
In the absence of added nitrogen and phosphorus, degradation was
minimal after 120 hr of incubation. In the presence of these
elements, maximum growth, respiration, and aliphatic utilization
occurred during the first 24 hr. No even or odd chain preference
was observed. Extended incubation for 672 hr revealed that
aliphatics were preferentially utilized. Decomposition of filter-
sterilized oil by the three bacterial isolates was analyzed by gas
chromatography after 108 hr of incubation and results are presented.
2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-1569-77
BEHAVIOR OF OIL SPILLED IN ICE-COVERED RIVERS
Chen, E. C., et al. 1976.
Environment Canada Scientific Series Report 61. 41p.
Crude oil, Spreading, Behavior, Coalescence, Emu!sification, Ice,
Rivers
The spreading and behavior of Norman Wells crude oil injected into
fresh water under ice was determined experimentally. When injected
into still water, the oil separates into droplets and rises to the
water-ice interface where the droplets coalesce to form a spreading
slick. Under turbulent conditions, stable oil-in-water and water-
in-oil emulsions are formed. The spreading oil does not adhere to
the ice undersurface, but if the ice continues to grow, alternating
layers of oil and ice are formed.
[from Environment Abstracts 7(2):#77-01300. 1977]
211
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C-1570-77
REVIEW OF OIL SPREADING ON THE SEA
Hoult, D. P. 1976.
Effects of Energy-Related Activities on the Atlantic Continental
Shelf, Upton, NY, 1975. p.64-69. Proceedings.
Oil slicks, Spreading, Drift, Physical effects, Weathering
The inertia and buoyancy of an oil slick and the drag of the
water under it are discussed. These factors influence the rate
at which an oil spill spreads and the effect of currents on its
drift. Other factors include: surface tension, different
boiling point fractions of the oil, the rate of aging of the
oil, wind, waves, and currents.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(10):#W77-04940. 1977]
C-1571-77
EVALUATION OF GROUND WATER DEGRADATION RESULTING FROM WASTE
DISPOSAL TO ALLUVIUM NEAR BARSTOW, CALIFORNIA
Hughes, J. L. 1975.
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper No. 878. 33p.
Groundwater, Contamination, Wastewater disposal, Spreading,
California
The downgradient spreading of plumes of contaminated ground-
water polluted by several decades of infiltration from municipal
sewage and industrial effluents has been studied. Contaminants
include oil, grease, surfactants, phenols, and other organic
and inorganic substances. Three-dimensional mapping has
established the directions and rates of spreading of the contami-
nated groundwater plumes toward a U.S. Marine Corps water supply.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(3):#773.
1977]
C-1572-77
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF EVAPORATION AND DISSOLUTION FROM OIL
SPILLS ON ICE, LAND, WATER AND UNDER ICE
Leinonen, P. J., and D. Mackay. 1975.
Water Pollution Research Canada 10:132-141.
Oil spills, Crude oil, Models, Evaporation, Solution, Hydrocarbons,
Toxicity
Mathematical models are presented which quantify the processes
of evaporation and dissolution of crude oil hydrocarbons on
water, ice, land surfaces, and under ice. In surface spills,
the lower alkanes (Ci-Cs) are lost 100 times more rapidly by
212
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evaporation than by dissolution, the higher alkanes (C>io)
evaporate even more rapidly, and the toluene concentration
drops rapidly due to its volatility. Naphthalenes, however,
dissolve readily and are maintained indefinitely. Under ice,
the oil changes very little in composition} therefore, the
toxic components have a greater tendency to reach concentrations
sufficient to pose a biological threat.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(18):#126640c. 1977]
C-1573-77
THE PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF CRUDE OIL SPILLS ON NORTHERN TERRAIN
Mackay, D., M. E. Charles, and C. R. Phillips. 1975.
Environmental Social Program Northern Pipelines No. 73-42.
Information Canada Cat. No. R72-9173.
Oil spills, Spreading, Absorption, Ice, Solubility, Behavior,
Cleanup, Arctic
This report describes the results of the second year's work
in a program to study the physical aspects of crude oil spills
on the terrain of the Mackenzie Valley. The following topics
are covered: spills on the Mackenzie River; spreading; sorption
of land; oil spill studies; oil-snow-ice interactions; aqueous
solubility of northern crude oils; prediction of the behavior
of arctic oil spills; and cleanup technology.
C-1574-77
THE INTERACTION OF OIL WITH SEA ICE IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN
Martin, S. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 14. p.1-7.
Oil spills, Ice, Coasts, Alaska, Arctic Ocean, *0il-ice inter-
action
The study concentrates on the small-scale properties of sea ice:
salinity, temperature, and crystal structure. Research is
divided into a laboratory experiment on ice growth in a wave
field, which simulates parts of the Bering Sea, and a field
survey which consists of taking ice cores from the Beaufort Sea
at different times of the year. Results will be used to outline
the various ways in which the sea ice of the Alaskan coast will
entrain and interact with an oil spill or blow-out under the ice.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-Q3267. 1977]
213
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C-1575-77
MOVEMENT OF OIL UNDER SEA ICE
Rosenegger, L. W. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea Technical
Report No. 28. 81p.
Crude oil, Movement, Ice
An evaluation of some of the factors affecting the flow and
areal distribution of crude oil under a sea ice canopy is
presented. Results of laboratory investigations of the
following parameters are discussed: interfacial tension and
motion of crude oil bubbles under sea ice, penetration of oil
into sea ice, equilibrium thickness of a crude oil film on
water under arctic conditions, and redistribution of solutes
in the oil.
C-1576-77
THE INTERACTION OF WAVES AND OIL SPILL
Stewart, R. J. 1976.
Sea Grant Program Report No. MITSG-75-22. 203p.
Oil spills, Movement, Spreading, *Wave interaction analysis
The combined effects of interfacial elasticity and multiple
fluid layer geometries upon the first order properties of
surface waves are analyzed for application to oil spills; the
second order mass transit properties are discussed in light
of the first. The technique of matched asymptotic expansion
is used in conjunction with a small wave amplitude.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(6):#W77-Q2669. 1977]
3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
C-1577-77
ON PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION OF SURFACE FILMS OF PETROLEUM
HYDROCARBONS
Hansen, H. P. 1974.
Copenhagen, International Council for the Exploration of the
Sea, Fisheries Improvement Committee, 1974. 19p.
Decomposition, Oil slicks, Hydrocarbons, *Photochemical
degradation
Summary not available.
[from On Effects of Oil Pollution in Arctic and Subarctic Waters.
Seattle, Northwest Marine Fisheries Center. September, 1976]
214
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4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
C-1578-77
RECENT SEDIMENTATION AND POLLUTION OF THE GULF OF LION CONTINEN-
TAL PLATEAU BETWEEN FOS-SUR-MER AND SETE
Aloisi, J. C., G. Canovet, F. Gadel, H. Got, A. Monaco, F. Vile,
C. Causse, and M. Pagnon. 1976.
Bulletin du Bureau Recherches Geologigues et Minieres (France)
Section 4(2):69-83.
Hydrocarbons, Sedimentation, Rivers, France, Flocculation, *Gulf
of Lion
In a sedimentological and geochemical study of pollution of the
Rhone River mouth and Gulf of Lion, the area of Sete Frontignon
contained up to 250 mg hydrocarbons/kg marine sediments.
Hydrocarbons and other pollutants were concentrated in shallow
waters at the river mouth where sedimentation was high because
of nearshore flocculation.
[from Chemical Abstracts 86(12):#784l5j. 1977]
C-1579-77
ARGO MERCHANT RESPONSE TOLD IN PRELIMINARY NOAA REPORT (news
brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(5):36-37.
Argo Merchant spill, Fuel oil, Biological effects, Fate, Marine
organisms, Contamination, NOAA, Atlantic ocean
The results of a preliminary NOAA study of the Argo Merchant
tanker oil spill are reviewed. The study reported that the
No. 6 fuel oil carried by the tanker did not enter the water
column but formed large "pancakes"; that contamination did not
exceed 250 ppb, and this was diluted to background levels in a
few days; and that no oil was observed on the ocean floor under
the spill area. However, zooplankton near the spill area were
contaminated, as were pollock eggs and sand launce larvae near
the spill site. Impact on seabirds and mammals is believed to
have been minor.
215
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C-1580-77
COMPUTERS GO INTO OIL-SPILL FORECAST
Anon- 1977.
Noroil 5(3):25,27,29,31.
Models, Oil spills, Cost analysis, Environmental effects, North
Sea, *Computer simulation
Shell International has developed a computer simulator designed
to quantify the environmental effects of an oil well blowout in
the open sea. SLIKTRAK simulates offshore oil spills, cleanup
effects, and their associated costs, and provides a fast and
objective evaluation of pollution costs and combat requirements.
This technique has been applied to the North Sea and results have
shown shore pollution to be less than five percent of the spill
volume.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(22):#233,872. 1977]
G-1581-77
CONTAMINATION SHORT-LIVED FOLLOWING NORTHEAST SPILL (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Petroleum Engineer International 49(6):11-12.
Argo Merchant spill» Fuel oil, Fate, Contamination, Marine
organisms, Fisheries, Models, Movement, NOAA, Atlantic Ocean
Conclusions of a recent NOAA preliminary report on the"Argo
Merchant"tanker oil spill are presented. The spill off the
coast of Massachusetts apparently caused no great contamination
of the seawater or ocean floor but may have had some impact on
the marine ecosystem. Possible effects of the spill on
fisheries are currently under investigation. A valuable spin-
off of the spill was the opportunity to compare the results of
various computerized spill movement models with the day to day
behavior of the real spill, and results of this simulation are
reported.
C-1582-77
WHERE GOES THE OIL
Anon. 1977.
Nature 267(5607):100.
Offshore drilling, Oil spills, Fate, Evaporation, Dispersions,
Spill recovery, North Sea, *Ekofi,sk well blowout
The remarkably rapid disappearance of most of the 12,000 tons of
oil that were spewed out during the April, 1977, Ekofisk offshore
oil well blowout is discussed. Natural processes of evaporation
and dispersion removed about 90% of the spilled oil within days
after the well was capped; about 1000 tons were recovered by
Norwegian spill response teams.
216
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C-1583-77
SIMULATED OIL SPILL TRAJECTORIES FOR GULF STREAM WATERS
Bishop, J. M., and F. A. Godshall. 1976.
Gulfstream 11(5):6-7.
Fate, Oil spills, Movement, Models, *Gulf Stream
Summary not available.
[from Underwater Information Bulletin 8(6):#7612/1346. 1976]
C-1584-77
DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS IN A SALT MARSH ECOSYSTEM AFTER AN
OIL SPILL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN MARSH ANIMALS FROM THE
POLLUTED ENVIRONMENT
Burns, K. A. 1975.
Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution.
Oil spills, Fate, Distribution, Hydrocarbons, Marshes, Biological
effects, Metabolism, Marine organisms, Massachusetts
Field and laboratory studies were conducted for five years on an
accidentally oiled marsh and an unpolluted control marsh in
Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts. Data from this study have contrib-
uted information on the following: incorporation of oil into
sediments and organisms; residence time of certain oil components
in the marsh ecosystem; physical and chemical weathering and
biodegradatton of oil in a salt marsh; effects of oiled sediments
on the abundance, distribution, behavior and survival of the
intertidal fiddler crab, Uca pugnax; hydrocarbon metabolism in Uca
pugnax; the presence of inducible microsomal mixed function oxi-
dase (MFQ) enzyme system in the fish, Fundulus heteroclftus; and
the physiological basis for the sensitivity and adaptability of
marsh animals to oil pollution.
C-1585-77
TRANSPORT OF POLLUTANTS IN THE VICINITY OF PRUDHOE BAY, ALASKA
Callaway, R. J., and C. Koblinsky. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 427-755.
Models, Contaminants, Fate, Movement, Offshore drilling, Prudhoe
Bay, *0cean circulation, *Pollutant transport
The objectives of the study are to determine flushing rates,
retention times, and pollutant transport in the vicinity of Prudhoe
Bay and relate these to potential drilling operations irv the area.
A single-layer model of circulation was applied in order to
217
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compute tidal elevations and surface currents. Inferences were
made from the computer output as to probable transport rates and
pollutant dispersion.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03238. 1977]
C-1586-77
OPERATIONAL MODE FOR PREDICTING THE MOVEMENT OF OIL IN CANADIAN
NAVIGABLE WATERS
Environment Canada. 1975.
Manuscript Report Series No. 37. p. 1-30.
Oil slicks, Movement, Models, Canada
A feasibility study to develop and evaluate computer prediction
of the movement of oil slicks in Canadian navigable waters is
presented. Guidelines for establishing a data bank on the
topographies of the water bodies, climatology of the various
regions, and tidal currents in different locations are developed.
Descriptions of the computer programs and the relevant subrou-
tines are included.
[from Summaries of Foreign Government Environmental Reports
NTISUB/B/135-76/007, p. 23. 1976]
C-1587-77
A PROBABILISTIC APPROACH FOR OIL DISPERSION AT SEA
Fallah, M. H., and R. M. Stark. 1976.
Ocean Engineering 3(3):145-156.
Models, Fate, Dispersions, Oceans, Spill containment, Environ-
mental effects, Marine organisms
"Arandom walk model is used to describe the dispersion of oil at
sea. Expressions are derived for the characteristic function
and probabilities of the random volume of diffused oil."
Calculations are made for a Poisson process and a circular oil
slick. "The model may be used to assess the impact of
vertically diffused oil on marine life and to evaluate the
effectiveness of oil containment procedures."
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(2):#77-01498. 1977]
218
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C-1588-77
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE GULF OF ALASKA
Favorite, F., and J. H. Johnson. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 787-922.
Oil spills, Movement, Offshore drilling, Gulf of Alaska, Baseline
studies, *0cean circulation
This is a concise summary with emphasis on water circulation and
transport. It should assist in determining the location and
intensity of direct current measurements required to define
patterns in this flow regime, thereby determining the potential
movement of oil spills from offshore drill sites.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03241. 1977]
C-1589-77
POLLUTED MUDS OF THE PARRAMATTA RIVER
Furzer, I. A. 1975.
Search 6(l-2):39-40.
Contamination, Rivers, Sediments, Biodegradation, *Parramatta
River, *Muds
The dissolved oxygen content of the river is so low that
anaerobic conditions exist and oils, grease, waxes and tars
resist microbial action when found in the muds.
[from Ecological Abstracts 1976(4):#76L/2814. 1976]
C-1590-77
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF ALASKAN REGION
Gait, J. A. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 107-211.
Models, Circulation, DCS, Oil spills, Fate, Alaska, *Trajectory
analysis, Baseline studies
The numerical modeling and simulation studies are designed to
provide information on advection and diffusion processes, aid in
interpretation of observational data, and present the results
in an integrated form. The modeling studies along with the rest
of the physical oceanography program have been able to describe
circulation patterns for some of the OCS region in considerable
detail. In other areas, dominant physical processes have been
identified and simulations initiated.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7)#W77-03231. 1977]
219
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C-1591-77
OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ENERGY PROGRAM
Hansen, D. V. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 267-274.
Offshore development, Oil spills, Fate, OCS, Gulf of Alaska,
*0cean circulation, *Flow trajectories, Baseline studies
Near surface flow trajectories throughout the N.E. Gulf of
Alaska OCS region are being studied with emphasis on the lease
area from Yakutat Bay to Prince William Sound. The NIMBUS-6
satellite and associated TWERLE/RAMS system are being used to
acquire this information. Development of improved diagnostic
models allows prediction of pollutant trajectories based on the
distribution of basic parameters.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03234. 1977]
C-1592-77
MOVEMENT OF SPILLED OIL OVER THE BEAUFORT SEA SHELF - A FORECAST
Hufford, G. L., I. M. Lissauer, and J. P. Welsh. 1976.
Final report, CGR/DC-12/76; USCG-D-101-76. 90 p.
Oil slicks, Coasts, Movement, Beaufort Sea, *Impact locations
Projections of oil slick movements and their impact locations
were determined from fifteen potential drilling sites in the
Beaufort Sea. Impact locations were forecast using two
approaches: the first emphasizes meteorology and water movement;
the second considers the interactions of the environment processes
in determining potential movement and impact of spilled oil.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(5):#AD-A033 580/2GA.
1977]
C-1593-77
HISTORICAL AND STATISTICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA ANALYSIS AND SHIP
OF OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM
Muench, R. D. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 359-425.
Circulation, Bering Sea, Offshore development, Contamination,
Food Web, Fisheries, *Bristol Bay
Data obtained in the Unimak Pass-Bristol Bay region during summer,
1968,supported existing hypotheses that a cyclonic circulation
220
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was occurring in that region and that upwelling of deeper water
was occurring in central Bristol Bay. A contaminant released
near or at the bottom of Bristol Bay could be carried upward to
the surface and incorporated into the food chain at the primary
productivity level. Such contamination could result in concen-
tration of toxic substances at higher food levels, i.e., fish in
Bristol Bay.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03237. 1977]
C-l594-77
THE INTERACTION OF CRUDE OIL WITH ARCTIC SEA ICE
NORCOR Engineering and Research Ltd. 1975.
Canada Department of the Environment, Beaufort Sea .Project
Technical Report No. 27. 175 p.
Crude oil, Ice, Monitoring, Spreading, Movement, Weathering,
Spill cleanup, Arctic
Several experimental discharges of crude oil were injected under
sea ice during various stages of ice development from late
autumn, 1974,to spring, 1975. The initial spreading of the oil
under the ice, the rapid entrapment as droplets and lenses in
ice, the gradual upward penetration through the ice, the final
surfacing during the arctic spring, and the intervening chemical
weathering were continually monitored as part of a study to find
countermeasures for combating under-ice oil spills. Upward
migration ranged from 15-20 cm/month in February to 150 cm/hour
in April. Surface burning of pooled oil was found to be the
most effective and efficient cleanup method if a minimum surface
film thickness of 0.5 cm was maintained.
C-1595-77
THE FATE OF OIL DISCHARGES IN THE NORTH SEA - A REVIEW OF THE
BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS
Sandbrook, R. 1976.
Offshore North Sea Technology Conference, Stavanger, Norway,
1976. Stavanger, Norway, NOROIL Publishing House, 1976. Safety
and Environmental Protection Section, Paper S-lll/2. 2 p.
Summary.
Oil discharges, Fate, Biological effects, Acute effects, Chronic
effects, Marine organisms, North Sea
Research on the inputs, general fate,and interaction of oil and
petroleum hydrocarbons with the marine environment is reviewed.
The processes of physical, chemical, and biological dispersion
and degradation are outlined. The impacts of oil on individual
species, communities, and the entire marine biological system are
discussed; and the acute and chronic effects of oil contaminants
on metabolic, behavioral, and reproductive patterns are assessed.
221
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C-1596-77
DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
Schubel, J. R. 1976.
Effects of Energy-Related Activities on the Atlantic Continental
Shelf, Upton, N.Y., 1975. p. 207-230. Proceedings.
Fate, Oil transport, OCS, EIS, Atlantic Coast, *Suspended matter
Literature on the suspended matter of the waters overlying the
Atlantic shelf of the U.S. is reviewed. The significance of
this suspended matter as a mechanism for transporting oil and
radionuclides back to the coast and to man is discussed. It is
the opinion of the author that the state of the art on this
subject is adequate for the preparation of environmental impact
statements.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(10):#W77-04948. 1977]
C-1597-77
BRISTOL BAY OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSES (B-BOP)
Schumacher, J. D., and L. K. Coachman. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Report for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 11. p. 213-247.
*0cean circulation, OCS, Fate, Contaminants, Offshore development,
Alaska, Baseline studies
The project objective was to relate oceanic advective and diffu-
sive processes to potential problems due to OCS petroleum devel-
opment. Conclusions made from data collected to date are given.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(7):#W77-03232. 1977]
C-1598-77
THE CONTINUOUS SPILLING OF HOT OIL ON ICE
Siu, S. K., and C. R. Phillips. 1977.
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 16(l):31-34.
Oil spills, Ice, Spreading, *0il temperature, *Ice temperature,
*Spilling rate
The continuous spilling of hot Norman Wells crude oil onto an ice
surface was investigated by measuring oil temperature, ice tem-
perature, and spilling rate. An equation for spreading of the
oil was developed in which the oil slick area A was proportional
to t'-S where t is the elapsed time. Experimental data showed
that A was proportional to tO.8. "Increases in oil and ice
temperatures were found to cause an increase in A, and temperature
222
-------
effects could be taken into account by relating kinematic
viscosity to a function of the geometric mean of the ice and
oil temperatures."
C-1599-77
DOCUMENTATION OF FOUR OCEAN-RELATED COMPUTER MODELS
Yeung, R. W. 1976.
Technical report, MITSG-76-18, NOAA-77011109. 73 p.
Models, Fate, Oil spills, Oceans, *Computer programming
The first program, MCTRAJ, is the offshore oil-spill trajectory-
simulation program which is based on a trajectory equation.
NEARSHORE is the nearshore oil-spill tracking-simulation
program based on a trajectory equation. T14TRAN is a program
which takes as input formatted data tape prepared by the National
Climatic Center and generates as output the resultant proba-
bilistic wind transition matrices to be used by MCTRAJ and
NEARSHORE. TWOFOIL is a program which seeks the solution of
the two-dimensional lifting flow about two symmetric bodies.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9):#PB-264 146/2GA.
1977]
223
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F. OIL POLLUTION REGULATIONS
1. STATE LEGISLATION
C-1601-77
NO TITLE GIVEN (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Environmental Science and Technology 11(6):542.
Regulations, Legislation, Compensation, Spill cleanup, State
governments, Oil transfer, New Jersey
The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection has
adopted regulations and a list of oil and hazardous substances
subject to a !<£/bbl transfer tax under New Jersey's new Spill
Compensation and Control Law. The taxes will go toward a spill
cleanup and damage compensation fund.
C-1602-77
MILLER ANTI-POLLUTION ACT OF 1971 (ABSOLUTE LIABILITY OF
PETROLEUM CARRIER)
Anon. 1976.
Cal Harbors and Navigation Code sec 293.
Legislation, Oil spills, Liability, Tankers, Oil transport,
California
California legislation is described holding liable the owner
or operator of any vessel which commercially transports petro-
leum or fuel oil without regard to fault for any property
damage within the state. Liability also applies to damage of
natural resources and navigable waters of the state.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(3):#W77-01123.
1977]
C-1603-77
MODEL USED OIL RECYCLING ACT
Irwin, U. A. 1976.
Washington, D. C., Environmental Law Institute, 1976. 12 p.
Legislation, Waste oil, Recycling, State governments, *Local
governments
A model bill designed for state and local governments interested
in adopting programs for recycling used oil is presented. The
bill would provide a comprehensive but flexible program for oil
recovery, collection,and recycling.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 3(4):1201. 1977]
224
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2. U.S. LEGISLATION
C-1604-77
OIL SPILL LIABILITY BILL MAKES PROGRESS IN HOUSE (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Sea Technology 18(5):38.
Legislation, U.S. Liability, Compensation, Spill cleanup
Progress of a bill that would legislate a comprehensive oil
spill liability and compensation scheme, H.R. 3711, is described.
The bill would set maximum liabilities for vessels at $30
million, and for oil refineries, $50 million. The bill would
also establish a $200 million "superfund" to be used if spill
liability is exhausted and additional cleanup costs or third
party claims remain.
C-1605-77
ON THE HILL—WATER POLLUTION (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Environmental Action 8(24):9.
Legislation, Liability, Oil spills, Safety, Tankers, U.S.,
Congressional bills
Two Senate bills and one House bill on oil spill liability and
tanker safety are briefly described. These proposals are a
result of the "Argo Merchant" spill and would place a $30
million ceiling on total liability and set basic tanker safety
standards for U.S. waters.
C-1606-77
A THREAT TO OFFSHORE OIL
Anon. 1976.
Work Boat 33(11):42-44.
Legislation, U.S., Offshore development, Oil-gas leasing,
Environmental protection, Onshore impacts, *OCS Lands Act
Amendments
Provisions of the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments
(OCSLAA) of 1976, under consideration by Congress, are detailed.
Among the provisions are various requirements and conditions of
DCS oil-gas leasing. The bill is intended to assure coastal
states a means for controlling the onshore impact of OCS oil
development and to provide for the determination of liabilities
for spill cleanup and damage compensation.
225
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C-1607-77
OIL ON TROUBLED WATERS DOES NOT CALM THE LEGAL SEAS
Kuffler, A. J. 1975.
Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers Section Meeting,
Philadelphia, 1975. 38 p.
Legislation, U.S., Oil spills, Ships, Tankers, International
agreements, *Legal problems
The major elements of federal legislation concerning oil spills
from vessels are outlined and selected legal problems which this
legislation presents are detailed. The article also comments on
some legal issues raised by existing and proposed international
agreements dealing with oil spills from vessels and particularly
tankers.
[from MRIS Abstracts 14:#14 139965. 1976]
C-1608-77
DAMAGE COMPENSABLE UNDER FEDERAL MARITIME LAW FOR INJURIES CAUSED
BY DISCHARGE OF OIL INTO NAVIGABLE WATERS
Rydstrom, J. F. 1976.
26 ALR Fed 346-58. 13 p.
Legislation, Oil discharges, Liability, Compensation, U.S., State
governments, *Navigable waters
Since the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 limits its
provisions to illegal oil discharge damage claims relating to
cleanup costs of the Federal government, states are left free to
impose liability in damages for losses suffered by both states
and private parties. States have been allowed to recover damages
for the cost of cleanup and also as parens patriae for damage
done to marine life. Private parties also may recover damages
for destruction of marine life due to oil spill when they can
show an injury different in kind from the general public (i.e.
commercial fisherman).
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(8); #W77-03711. 1977]
C-1609-77
COMMENTS ON UNDERGROUND INJECTION CONTROL PROVISIONS OF SAFE
DRINKING WATER ACT
Shakely, S. F. 1976.
Interstate Oil Compact Comm. Comm. Bulletin 18(2):50-52.
Legislation, U.S., Underground injection, Production, Water
quality, EPA
The act provides that "the Administrator may not prescribe
requirements which interfere with or impede the underground
226
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injection of brine or other fluids which are brought to the
surface in connection with oil or natural gas production or any
underground injection for the secondary or tertiary recovery
of oil or natural gas unless such requirements are essential to
assure that underground sources of drinking water will not be
endangered by such injection." Congress gave a mandate to the
EPA to propose regulations to comply with provisions of the
law. The proposed rules are discussed with respect to how they
affect current water supply.
[from Petroleum Abstracts 17(19): #233,282. 1977]
C-1610-77
LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS - DEEPWATER PORT ACT OF 1974
Stephenson, A. W. 1975.
Law and Policy in International Business 7(4):127:1-1285.
Legislation, U.S., Ports, Tankers, Oil transport, Liability,
Cost analysis, *Deepwater Port Act
The use of very large crude carriers to transport oil rather
than smaller tankers would save $1.5 billion in shipping costs
in 1985 and could reduce oil spills by more than 90% over a 20
year period. To accommodate these vessels, the Deepwater Port
Act was passed by Congress in 1974 to encourage construction of
such ports. The major provisions of the Act are discussed including
licensing, state veto/power, environmental provisions, and liability.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(10): #W77-05056. 1977]
3. INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION
C-1611-77
DIVERGENT STANDARDS OF NATIONAL OIL POLLUTION LEGISLATION
Ruester, B. 1976.
Environmental Law: International and Comparative Aspects: A
Symposium. J. Nowak (ed.). London, British Institute of
International and Comparative Law, 1976. p. 114-132.
Legislation, U.S., Foreign governments, Oil discharges, Pollution
prevention, Liability
A representative cross-section of oil pollution legislation of
major maritime countries is reviewed. Topics emphasized include:
limitation and prohibition of intentional oil discharges into the
sea, the prevention of oil casualties, the elimination of oil
pollution from accidents, and the liability for damage caused by
pollution.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1): #77-00979. 1977]
227
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4. FOREIGN LEGISLATION
C-1612-77
CIVIL LIABILITY FOR POLLUTION FROM OFFSHORE OPERATIONS: THE
NORWEGIAN VIEW
Fleischer, C. A. 1976.
Environmental Policy and Law 2(l):3-5.
Regulations, Liability, Offshore development, North Sea,
Norway
The need to unify rules over civil liability for pollution from
offshore operations and the limit of liability are discussed.
Unlimited liability (presently in force in Norway) is a pre-
ferred system in that it gives adequate protection to the victims
without placing any unjust burden upon the operator and would not
seem to influence the price of oil or companies' interest in the
North Sea to any extent. A compromise is suggested to meet the
proposal of limited liability.
[from Environmental Health and Pollution Control 11(5): #1071.
1977]
C-1613-77
THE FIGHT AGAINST ACCIDENTAL OIL POLLUTION VIS-A-VIS FRENCH
HARITIME LAW [in French]
Langavant, E., and J.-P. Beurier. 1976.
Le Droit Maritime Francais No. 333. p, 515-524.
Legislation, Pollution prevention, Tankers, France, *French
maritime law, *01ympic Bravery spill
The legislative problems involved in the wreck of the oil-tanker,
"Olympic Bravery," in 1976, and the accidental oil pollution of
Brittany, France, are examined. International legislation is
described and the attitude of the French government is explained
as a function of French maritime law.
[from Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts 7(2): I7Q1919. 1977]
228
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5. AGREEMENTS AND CONVENTIONS
C-1614-77
INTERNATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL IS TOO SLOW (news brief)
Anon. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):52.
International conventions, Regulations, Tankers, Segregated
ballast, Pollution control
The 1973 International Convention on Prevention of Pollution of
the Sea reduced allowable discharge levels from 1/15,000 to
1/30,000 of the cargo carried and stipulated that all new ships
over 70,000 dwt must be built with segregated ballast to prevent
oil residues from mixing with ballast seawater. It is feasible
that these regulations may not be implemented until the 1980's.
C-1615-77
IMCO CONVENTION ON THE POLLUTION OF COASTAL WATERS AND HARBORS
Busha, T. 1976.
Environmental Law: International and Comparative Aspects: A
Symposium. J. Nowak (ed.), London, British Institute of
International and Comparative Law, 1976. p. 85-97.
International conventions, Coasts, Harbors, Pollution prevention,
Ships, Liability, Compensation, IMCO
IMCO legal and technical regimes to minimize pollution from ships
and conventions regulating liability and compensation for damage
from oil pollution from ships are reviewed. States should accept
international standards for the protection of their vital coastal
interests because a major source of the oil pollution to coastal
waters is ships - the function, direction, and control of which
are international in character.
[from Oceanic Abstracts 14(1): 177-00976. 1977]
C-1616-77
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS RELATING TO POLLUTION RESULTING FROM
OFFSHORE OIL ACTIVITIES IN THE NORTH SEA AREA
Hambro, C. 1976.
Offshore North Sea Technology Conference, Stavanger, Norway,
1976. Stavanger, Norway, MOROIL Publishing House, 1976.
Safety and Environmental Protection Section, Paper S-111/5.
13 p. Summary.
International conventions, Pollution control, Regulations,
Liability, Offshore development, North Sea, Europe
229
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European measures to prevent or control offshore oil pollution and
to assess civil liability for oil pollution damages from offshore
activities are reviewed, and the most important provisions out-
lined. Included are the Oslo Convention of 1972, the London
Convention of 1972,and the 1975 IMCO Convention on Marine Pollution,
the Paris Convention of 1974, the Bonn agreement, and the Civil
Liability Convention which was initiated in London in 1975.
C-1617-77
THE 1973 MARINE POLLUTION CONVENTION. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Horrocks, J. C. S. 1977.
Marine Policy 1(1):52-60.
International conventions, Tankers, Pollution prevention, Oil
discharges, Oil-water separation, Monitoring, IMCO
Provisions of the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution are briefly outlined, and three major problem areas
which remain to be solved are identified and described. These
are: (1) the effectiveness of oil-water separation equipment and
oil content monitors; (2) the adequacy of reception facilities
for oil and chemical residues; and (3) the enforcement of dis-
charge requirements for chemical carriers. Efforts being made
by IMCO, its member governments, and the tanker industry to solve
those and related problems are discussed.
C-1618-77
MARINE POLLUTION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Ketchum, B. H. 1975.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation Symposium.
J. M. Sharpley, and A. M. Kaplan (eds,). Barking, Essex,
Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p, 11-20.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
International conventions, Pollution prevention, Legislation,
IMCO
Recent international concern with marine pollution by oil and
hazardous substances, radioactivity, and ocean dumping has
resulted in a number of international conventions beginning
with the IMCO-sponsored 1954 International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, The provisions of
this Convention and Its subsequent amendments, and other related
conventions up to 1975 are briefly discussed.
230
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C-1619-77
INTERNATIONAL ACTION ON SHIP-GENERATED OIL POLLUTION (editorial)
Baroness White. 1977.
Marine Pollution Bulletin 8(3):54-57,
Oil discharges, Ships, Pollution control, International conventions,
Law enforcement , Oil-water separation
The international conventions and agreements regulating ship-generated
oil pollution are discussed and the problem of enforcing these
regulations due to inadequate oil-water separation equipment is
presented. Various legal problems associated with conventions and
international laws, as well as pollution control agreements, are
reviewed.
6. STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES
C-1620-77
INTERNATIONAL OIL TANKER AND TERMINAL SAFETY GUIDE. SECOND EDITION
Anon. 1975.
New York, Hal stead Press, 1975. 259 p.
Crude oil, Petroleum products, Oil transfer, Tankers, Safety,
Guidelines, *Terminals
This book presents safety guidelines for the handling of crude oil
and petroleum products at a terminal and on a tanker at a terminal.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 3(1): #304. 1977]
C-1621-77
STATUS REPORT ON ABATEMENT OF WATER POLLUTION FROM THE CANADIAN
PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY - 1975
Canada Department of the Environment, Petroleum and Industrial
Organic Chemicals Program. 1976.
Environmental Protection Service report Series, Economic and
technical review report, EPS 3-WP-76-11. 63 p.
Pollution control, Refineries, Wastewaters, Regulations, Guidelines,
Monitoring, Canada
The effectiveness of recently issued refinery effluent regulations
and guidelines is evaluated. No significant reductions in oil and
grease levels have been achieved on a national scale in the years
1972-1975, High priority is presently given to effluent monitoring
programs that assess the compliance of individual Canadian re-
fineries with these regulations and guidelines.
[from Pollution Abstracts 8(3); #77-02442. 1977]
231
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C-1622-77
STIFFER REGULATIONS ARE SEEN IN DIRTY WAKE OF OIL TANKERS (news brief)
Foss, W. 0. 1977,
National Fisherman 57(11):24A-25A.
Oil transport, Tankers, Regulations, Safety, Liability, USCG
As a result of the rash of recent oil tanker accidents, new
legislation is seen for U.S. waters on tanker safety and liability.
Regulations restricting oil transport are presented,and the duties
of the U.S. Coast Guard's fisheries expert are discussed.
C-1623-77
NIOSH HEALTH AND SAFETY GUIDE FOR BULK PETROLEUM PLANTS
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1975.
Cincinnati, Ohio, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, 1975. 82 p.
Oil industry, Storage, Health hazards, Safety, Guidelines, *Bulk
petroleum plants
Guidelines for providing a safe and healthful work environment
in bulk petroleum plants are presented. Hazards common to
petroleum storage plants and means of eliminating such hazards
are pointed out, and a checklist for identifying and rectifying
problems is included.
[from Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis 3(2): #595. 1977]
232
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G. BIBLIOGRAPHIES
C-l624-77
A COLD REGION OIL POLLUTION BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arctec, Inc., 9104 Red Branch Rd., Columbia, MD. .1976.
Bibliographies, Oil slicks, Containment, Recovery, Oil transfer,
Storage, Spill disposal, Biodegradation, Arctic, ice
The bibliography covers the following areas of aquatic and
terrestrial oil pollution: containment, recovery, transfer,
storage, disposal, and oil pollution sensing for cold regions;
burning slicks in cold regions; biodegradation of oil; and inter-
action of oil pollutants with snow and ice environments.
C-1625-77
PETROLEUM
Fraser, J. M. 1977.
Analytical Chemistry 49(5):231R-273R.
Bibliographies, Oil industry, Chemical analysis, Oil spills, Source
identification, Hydrocarbons, Marine organisms
This is a review of analytical chemistry in the petroleum industry
which covers relevant publications appearing essentially in 1974 and
1975. Oil spill identification, monitoring hydrocarbons in the
marine environment, and pollution analysis and instrumentation are
subjects included.
C-1626-77
C?FSHORTPIPELINES (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Habercom, G. E. 1977.
Report, for 1964 - January 1977, 99 p.
Bibliographies, Pipelines, Oil transport, Offshore development,
Environmental effects
Construction, utilization, wave action, and environmental aspects
of offshore pipelines are investigated. Hydrodynamics, costs bene-
fits of underwater pipeline transportation, and risk analysis are
among the parameters researched.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9): #NTIS/PS-77/0098/2GA.
1977]
233
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C-1627-77
BIODETERIORATION OF OIL SPILLS (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS)
Harrison, E. A. 1977.
Report for 1964 - January 1977. 110 p.
Bibliographies, Biodegradation, Oil spills, Hydrocarbons, Bacteria,
Algae, Spill cleanup
The bibliography contains 105 abstracts which report on algae,
hydrocarbons, petroleum degradation, oil spills, beach cleanup, and
microbial degradation as related to biodeterioration of oil spills.
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(7): #NTIS/PS-77/0046/lGA
1977]
C-l628-77
ENDANGERED SPECIES (A BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH ABSTRACTS). REPORT FOR
1964 - NOV. 1975
Harrison, E. A. 1975.
NTIS/PS-75/092. 44 p.
Bibliographies, Wildlife, Marine organisms, Birds, Contamination,
*Endangered species, *Water pollution
"The bibliography of selected abstracts covers wildlife management,
animal ecology, plant ecology, aquatic animals, birds, highway con-
struction, air pollution,and water pollution as related to
endangered species. (This updated bibliography contains 39
abstracts, 10 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)"
[from ERDA Energy Research Abstracts 2(6): #14663. 1977]
C-l629-77
ASSESSMENT OF AVAILABLE LITERATURE ON EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON
BIOTA IN ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC WATERS
Malins, D. C., and M. E. Stansby. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 8. p, 155-320.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Marine organisms, Biological effects,
Arctic, Subarctic regions, Baseline studies
A bibliography with abstracts is presented of all available literature
on the effects of oil pollution on biota in arctic and subarctic
waters. Information is tabulated under 20 subject headings.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4): M77-01871. 1977]
234
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C-1630-77
LITERATURE SEARCH ON THE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES OF THE
BEAUFORT SEA
Morrow, J. E. 1976,
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 7. p. 533-541.
Bibliographies, Fish, Distribution, Offshore development, Biological
effects, Beaufort Sea
An annotated bibliography has been prepared on the population
density and distribution of fishes in the Beaufort Sea as part
of an effort to bring together information that will help ameliorate
or avoid adverse impacts of OCS oil-gas activities on the marine
biota.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4): #W77-01860. 1977]
C-1631-77
ESTUARINE POLLUTION. A BIBLIOGRAPHY. VOLUME 3
Office of Water Research and Technology, Water Resources Scientific
Information Center. 1976.
OWRT/WRS1C-76-208-W77-04110. 570 p.
Bibliographies, Estuaries, Coasts, Contamination
"This report, containing 373 abstracts, is another in a series of
planned bibliographies in water resources produced from the informa-
tion base comprising Selected Water Resources Abstracts. Volume 3
covers the period from April, 1974,to September, 1976. Author and
subject indexes are included."
[from Government Reports Announcements 77(9); #PB-263 772/6GA. 1977]
C-1632-77
REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND HISTORICAL DATA ON NON-SALMONID PELAGIC
FISHERIES RESOURCES OF THE EASTERN BERING SEA AND GULF OF ALASKA
Pereyra, W. T., and M. 0. Nelson. 1976.
Environmental Assessment of the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
Principal Investigators' Reports for the Year Ending March 1976.
Vol. 6. p. 59-73.
Bibliographies, Fish, *Non-salmonid pelagic fishes, Bering Sea,
Gulf of Alaska, Baseline studies
Available literature on approximately 20 species of non-salmonid
pelagic fishes of the title area has been reviewed and is included
as an annotated bibliography. This review is part of the baseline
data acquired to evaluate the possible effects of offshore oil-gas
development on the Alaskan Continental Shelf.
[from Selected Water Resources Abstracts 10(4): #W77-01845. 1977]
235
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C-1633-77
A SELECTED RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY ON OIL POLLUTION
Sharma, P. C. 1976.
Monticello, Illinois, Council of Planning Libraries, 1976. 11 p.
Bibliographies, Oil spills, Fate, Biological effects, Marine
organisms, Spill cleanup
The bibliography contains over 125 selected references on oil
pollution research published during 1930-1974. The bibliography
is divided into two parts: a listing of books and a listing of
articles and periodicals.
236
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SECTION II: CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
Title, contract information and a summary of project objectives are
provided in each entry. Project notices have been obtained from the
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange (SSIE), and from the Maritime
Research Information Service Abstracts. Current status information and
publications resulting from the projects are presented when such infor-
mation is available from the principal investigators or performing
organizations. The source of status information is given at the end of
each entry.
Entries are grouped according to subject and then ordered by serial
number within each subject division. The serial number designates
the original issue of OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS in which
the research project is listed:
R-166-74 to R-244-74 EPA-670/2-75-044
November 74 to February 75
R-245-74 to R-268-74 EPA-670/2-75-059
February 75 to April 75
R-269-75 to R-304-75 EPA-600/2-76-113
August 75 to October 75
R-064-76 to R-123-76 EPA-600/2-76-266
May 76 to July 76
R-124-76 to R-l75-76 EPA-600/2-77-037
August 76 to October 76
R-001-77 to R-022-77 EPA-600/2-77-075
November 76 to January 77
R-023-77 to R-039-77 February 77 to April 77
R-040-77 to R-075-77 May 77 to July 77
237
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A. OIL POLLUTION DETECTION AND EVALUATION
1. MONITORING
R-040-77
HYDROCARBON POLLUTION STUDIES - PORT VALDEZ
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Joint State Federal Fish and Wildlife,
628 F St., Anchorage, AK 99501
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Alaska Pipeline Office; Alyeska Pipe-
line Service Co., Inc.
Period: 7/75 to 9/77
Project objectives are to continue to monitor water quality
in Port Valdez to determine hydrocarbon levels, determine popula-
tions of benthic organisms in Port Valdez, and monitor hydrocarbon
levels in the tissues of selected marine organisms in Port Valdez.
[SSIE No. CH-162]
Status: The following tasks have been performed: classification
of existing vegetation communities in the marsh, and establishment
of permanent transects to measure successional trends and to
measure modification of the marsh by pollution.
Reports and Publications
SALT MARSHES OF PORT VALDEZ, ALASKA, AND VICINITY: A BASE-
LINE STUDY
Crow, J. H. 1977.
Final report to the U.S. Department of the Interior. 113p.
In 1974 and 1975, 62 baseline locations were selected for
intensive study in the salt marshes of Port Valdez and
vicinity. The sites are intended to reflect the impact
of oil transport activities. Vegetation and soil character-
istics were emphasized. Gold Creek and Sawmill Creek appear
to be the marshes most susceptible to major oil spill damage,
but all the marshes studied are threatened to some degree.
An oil spill associated with seasonal high tides or during
the winter when fresh water outflow is minimal would increase
the potential hazard to the less vulnerable marsh areas.
Information Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fish and
Wildlife, 813 D St., Anchorage, AK 99501
238
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2. ANALYSIS
R-041-77
DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR HIGH-VOLUME ANALYSIS OF
PETROCHEMICAL AND ASSOCIATED COMPOUNDS
Principal Investigators: Beetum, A., and G. H. Davis
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior,
Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley
Dr., Herndon, VA 22092
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. IAG-D5-E77B-BX-01
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $95,000
The project was aimed at developing guidelines to be used by
management in choosing equipment for high-volume analysis of
petrochemical and associated compounds.
[SSIE No. GMA-2972]
C-042-77
CHEMICAL INTERACTION OF ATMOSPHERIC PETROLEUM RESIDUES WITH
LAKE SURFACE ORGANIC MICROLAYERS
Principal Investigator: Eisenreich, S. J.
Performing Organization: University of Minnesota, School of
Engineering, 105 Merrill Hall,
Minneapolis, MN 55414
Supporting Agency: American Chemical Society. No. 9116-
G517
Period: 9/76 to 8/77
Funds: $3,000
The objective of the proposed research is to investigate the
chemical interaction of petroleum residues (PR) originating
from atmospheric and in-lake sources with surface organic
microlayers (SOM) in freshwater lakes. Gas chromatography-
mass spectrometric techniques and infrared spectroscopy will
be used in quantifying and identifying petroleum residues.
Ultimately, the effect of atmospheric inputs of PR and enrich-
ment in SOM will be related to the accumulation of hydrocarbon-
soluble hazardous organics (PCB's pesticides, PAH) in aquatic
systems.
[SSIE No. PCS-2607]
239
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B- OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL
1. CONTAINMENT
R-045-77
DEVELOPMENT OF A STREAMLINED OIL RETENTION BOOM
Principal Investigator: Folsom, B.
Performing Organization: Ultrasystems, Inc., 500 Newport
Center Dr., Suite 800, Newport Beach,
CA 92660
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The aim of this program is to design and test an operational
prototype of the streamline oil boom capable of providing
optimal collection efficiency under a wide range of current
and wave conditions. Phase I (completed) was a preliminary
design and feasibility test of the streamlined boom concept.
Phase II includes experiments to achieve an understanding
of the important flow mechanisms associated with the bow shape,
oil separation system, and dynamic behavior of the boom. Phase
III includes material selection, design and testing of full-
scale prototype boom section.
[MRIS Abstracts 14:#14A 141179. 1977]
R-046-77
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMMEDIATE CONTAIN-
MENT OR DISPOSAL OF OIL FROM AN UNDERWATER WELL BLOWOUT IN THE
BEAUFORT SEA
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Arctec Canada Limited, 1440 Ste
Catherine W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada. Department of the Environment.
No. OSS76-00321
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $46,300
Summary not available to SSIE.
[SSIE No. WDB-74]
240
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R-043-77
SOLUBILITIES OF MILITARY FUELS AMD LUBRICANTS IN WATER
Principal Investigator: Mengenhauser, J. V.
Performing Organization: U.S. Army, Mobility Equipment Research
and Development Com., Fort Belvoir,
VA 22060
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Army No.
DAOL3758
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Information on tne solubility behavior of "Military Pol" products
in water was proposed in order to deal with anticipated environ-
mental regulations. The approach for this work was to treat all
the water-soluble compounds in a given oil as a composite. By
determining solubilities over a range of oil-water ratios, a
partition coefficient would be determined for each Pol product
of interest. Effects of other variables such as pH and salt
content were also to be studied.
[SSIE No. ZQA-123758-1]
Status: The project was terminated in June, 1976. No formal
reports are available.
Information Source: J. V. Mengenhauser, U.S. Army Mobility
Equipment Research and Development Center,
Fort Belvoir, VA 22060
3. SAMPLING
R-044-77
UNDERWAY WATER SAMPLING SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Kearse, C- D.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Engineering
Development Laboratory, 6001 Executive
Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. EPA-IAG-05-E693-DX
Period: 8/75 to 7/76
Funds: $145,000
A cost effective shipborne system is being developed with which
to measure those physical and chemical parameters which determine
the identity, concentration, transport, and distribution of
pollutants arising from energy activities in the marine environ-
ment. The major elements of the development program consist of:
the Current/Depth Measurement Subsystem; the Water Sampling and
Measurement Subsystem; the Data Processing, Display and Navigation
Subsystem; and System Integration, Test and Techniques Development.
[SSIE No. GMA-3041] 241
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2. CLEANUP AND RECOVERY
R-087-76 (renewal)
OIL RECOVERY MODULE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Marine Construction and Design Co.,
Seattle, WA 98199
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Office of the Secretary. No. C658249,
Contract CG-51, 465-A
Period: 7/75 to 1/76
The Marine Construction & Design Company conducts continuous
engineering work for the development of new models of vessels
and equipment for oil spill cleanup. This project "includes
engineering service on an as required basis for consulting in
conjunction with the Coast Guard testing program."
[SSIE No. GZO-301]
C-085-76 (renewal)
DESIGN AND FABRICATE OILY WATER SEPARATOR FOR USE AS A SUBSYSTEM
OF AN OIL SPILL REMOVAL DEVICE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Foster Miller Associates, Inc., 135
2nd Ave., Waltham, MA 02154
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Coast Guard
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The separator will undergo various tests in order to identify
problems resulting from the fabrication or assembly, evaluate
the separation performance of the system, and evaluate and refine
the automatic control features.
[SSIE No. GZ-58648]
Status: Foster-Miller is currently in the process of writing a
final report which will document the effort undertaken in the
design, fabrication, and testing of the Spilled Oil Recovery
Separator. Upon completion, this report will be printed by the
U.S. Coast Guard and distributed by NTIS, Springfield, VA.
Information Source: W. M. Mack, Jr., Foster-Miller Associates,
Inc., 135 Second Ave., Waltham, MA 02154
242
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R-047-77
A PORTABLE MAGNETIC RECOVERY UNIT FOR OIL SPILL CONTROL
UTILIZING FERROMAGNETIC SORBENTS
Principal Investigator: Turbeville, J. E.
Performing Organization: University of Florida, Department of
Physics, 4202 Fowler Ave., Tampa, FL
33620
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office, No. R/OE-6.
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $35,600
Research is being conducted to design and construct a 24-ft.,
prototype, magnetic oil recovery unit which will be portable
and completely self-contained. Work is continuing to find the
best formulation for the ferromagnetic foam and to produce
suitable amounts for use in the tests of the pick-up unit.
[SSIE No. GBP-2511]
Status: On April 27, 1977, the recovery unit was launched in
Tampa for preliminary tests of the concept. Tests were performed
using the ferromagnetic sorbent material, but without the presence
of oil. The vessel operated quite well with respect to the
magnetic pick-up; work is continuing on the wringer mechanism.
Reports and Publications
A FERROMAGNETIC SORBENT SYSTEM FOR OIL SPILL RECOVERY
Turbeville, J. E. 1976.
Offshore Technology Conference, 8th, Houston, 1976. Paper
no. OTC-2693. Vol. 3. p.883-888.
A totally new technique for oil spill recovery is described.
The technique is based on the use of ferromagnetic sorbents
made either from small polystyrene spheres or sponge-like,
reusable polyurethane foam. The ferromagnetic sorbents, once
saturated with oil, are easily recovered and collected by
magnetic means.
Information Source: J. E. Turbeville, University of South Florida,
Department of Physics, 4202 Fowler Ave.,
Tampa, FL 33620
243
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3. RESTORATION
R-048-77
EVALUATION OF SELECTED SURFACE TREATMENT AGENTS FOR THE PROTEC-
TION AND RESTORATION OF SHORELINE AND SALT MARSH AREAS
Principal Investigators: Sartor, J. D., et al.
Performing Organization: American Petroleum Institute, 1801
K St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. R80463901
Period: 8/76 to 7/77
Funds: $75,000
The selected agents for protection and restoration of shoreline
and salt marsh areas from oil spills are those recommended by
four laboratory scale projects funded by the American Petroleum
Institute. This project proposes to evaluate the effectiveness
of these agents in "real world" situations by conducting full
scale field tests using spilled oil at test areas to which the
treating agents have been applied.
[SSIE No. GMA-3084]
4. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL METHODS
R-090-76 (renewal)
OIL-WATER SEPARATION BY INDUCED-AIR FLOTATION
Principal Investigator: Sylvester, N. D.
Performing Organization: University of Tulsa, School of Engineering
and Physical Science, 600 S. College Ave.,
Tulsa, OK 74110
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Engineering. No. EN676-02866.
Period: 2/77 to T/78
Funds: $21,250
This project is designed to evaluate experimentally the effects
of several process variables on the oil-water separation efficiency
of the induced-air flotation process, and to determine the
mechanism of the process. Phase I of the program will study the
effect of the following, variables on the efficiency of the process:
oil type and concentration, emulsion droplet size and distribution,
emulsion flow rate and/or residence time, and air flow rate and
bubble size. Phase II will investigate the effect of chemical
flocculation on the flotation efficiency of the same emulsions
studied in Phase I.
[SSIE No. GSE-5640-1]
244
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R-143-76
NATIONAL ECONOMIC MODELS OF INDUSTRIAL WATER USE AND WASTE
TREATMENT
Principal Investigator: Thompson, R. G.
Performing Organization: University of Houston, School of
Business Administration, 3801 Cullen
Blvd., Houston, TX 77004
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology. No. ENV72-
03433 A05
Period: 7/74 to 8/75
This project is a continuation of an earlier project, the main
objective of which was to develop production functions for the
five most important water using industries (including the petro-
leum refining industry). The proposed project will refine,
extend, and further verify the industrial models to permit
evaluation of the effects of increasing scarcity of clean fuels
on production costs, water use, air pollution, solid waste
residuals, and brine disposal.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1497]
Status: The NSF (RANN) project was completed in December, 1975.
Reports and Publications
AN INTEGRATED INDUSTRY MODEL OF PETROLEUM REFINING,
ELECTRIC POWER, AND CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES FOR COSTING
POLLUTION CONTROL AND ESTIMATING ENERGY PRICES
Galloway, J. A., and R. G. Thompson. 1976.
Engineering and Process Economics Vol. 1:199-216.
Summary not available.
THE COST OF ENERGY: A LINEAR ECONOMIC MODEL OF THE
PETROLEUM REFINING, ELECTRIC POWER, AND CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES
Thompson, R. G., J. A. Galloway, and L. A. Nawalanic (eds.).
1977.
Houston, Gulf Publishing Co., 1977.
Information Source: R. G. Thompson, University of Houston,
School of Business Administration, 3801
Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77004
245
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R-010-77 (renewal)
OIL IN WATER TECHNOLOGY
Principal Investigator: Venezky, D. L.
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy, Research Laboratory,
Washington, D. C. 20390
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN580168
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
In order to maintain naval expertise in the area of oil-in-
water detection and assaying, the Naval Research Laboratory
(NRL) will participate in reviewing and evaluating test methods
which are submitted or proposed to the American Society for
Testing and Materials, Committee D-19, and its task group on
oil/grease in water. Oil and grease components will be identified,
and methods will be developed to distinguish between soluble non-
ionic and soluble ionic hydrocarbons in water. Resulting
information will augment NRL's current efforts in oil/water
separation technology.
[SSIE No. ZQN-580168-1]
R-049-77
PETROLEUM-CONCENTRATION AND REFINING: ENVIRONMENTAL
Principal Investigator: Lifson, W. E.
Performing Organization: Exxon Research and Engineering Company,
P.O. Box 101, Florham Park, NJ 07932
Supporting Agency: Exxon Corporation
Period: 7/75 to (continuing)
Project aims include research and development leading to novel
processes and techniques that permit the refining of petroleum
with minimal environmental degradation. Water treatment, air
conservation, waste heat utilization, noise and odor control
are among the areas of activity.
[SSIE No. CA-698-1]
R-050-77
U.S. NAVY OILY WASTE HANDLING PROGRAM: DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL
COST EFFECTIVE BULK FUEL STORAGE TANK STRIPPING SYSTEM
Principal Investigator: Strandell, P. A., and J. W. Taylor
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy, Ship Research and Develop-
ment Center, Annapolis, MD 21402
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy-
No. DN778141.
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
246
-------
The investigators propose to develop an automated system that
will purge fuel storage tanks of water and dirt to Navy
acceptable levels, separate oil from the effluent for reclama-
tion and legally discharge the water and dirt to the environment
in a cost-effective manner.
[SSIE No. ZQN-778141]
Reports and Pub!i cati ons
LIGHT SCATTERIMG TECHNIQUES FOR DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN OIL
AND PARTICULATES IN CONTAMINATED WATER
Friedman, B. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p.153-156.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
Particulate matter interferes with the application of light
scattering techniques used in several existing and proposed
types of oil-in-water monitors. A mathematical analysis
was made of the possibility of discriminating between oil
and particulates by using measurements of the angular
intensity distribution ot scattered light. It was found
that, even with the determination of the state of polariza-
tion of the scattered light, a distinction of oil and
particulates is difficult.
U.S. NAVY R&D EFFORTS IN SUPPORT OF OIL POLLUTION ABATEMENT
STRATEGIES
Hura, M. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p.61-63.
(American Petroleum Institue No. 4284 )
The basic strategy of the Navy's Oil Pollution Abatement
program has been to institute measures that will reduce the
amount of oil discharged from ships into the environment
wherever possible before implementing oily waste treatment
techniques. Navy laboratories have been instrumental in
developing techniques and hardware to combat oil pollution.
Contributions include shipboard oil/water separators, real-
time oil-in-water monitors, and effluent oil spill contain-
ment and cleanup equipment.
247
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NAVY DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE SHIPBOARD BILGE OIL/WATER
SEPARATORS
Smookler, A. L., J. W. Harden, and P. D. Conroy. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 423-428.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
The development and evaluation of a Navy shipboard bilge
oil-water separator are detailed and performance goals for
effluent oil levels during in-port and at-sea periods are
established. Test results on actual and deliberately
contaminated bilge water are reported.
QUANTIFICATION OF NAVY OILS IN DETERGENT LADEN WATERS
Yu, T. S. 1977.
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p. 169-172.
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284 )
The presence of detergents interferes with the solvent
extraction and infrared spectrometry measurement technique
for quantifying oil in water. This paper describes a study
of an analytical method which utilizes silica gel to remove
interfering detergent(s) in the extract so that infrared
spectrometry can be used to quantify the oil in water.
Silica gel can remove up to 96.5% of the interference,
thus enabling the determination of oil in water in which the
ratio of the concentration of detergent to oil is less than
ten to one.
Information Source: J. M. Ford, Department of the Navy, Naval
Ship Research and Development Center,
Bethesda, MD 20084
5. RECLAMATION AND REUSE
R-05T-77
MARKETING AND ENVIRONMENTAL BARRIERS TO REUSE OF WASTE
LUBRICATING OIL
Principal Investigator: Liroff, S. D.
Performing Organization: Teknekron, Inc., 2118 Milvia St.,
Berkeley, CA 94704
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Advanced Environmental
Research and Technology. No. ENV75-
17302
Period: 3/76 to 9/77
248
-------
The research is focused on strategies designed to reduce the
technical, institutional, economic, and environmental barriers
to reuse of waste lubricating oil. In Task I, a "Re-refining
Profile" was developed which measured a government agency's
ability to enter into a "closed-cycle" arrangement with a
re-refiner. Task II involves a study of the conditions necessary
for the participation of petroleum companies in the marketing
of re-refined oil. Task III is a financial assessment of the
re-refining industry, and Task IV is concerned with an
economically and ecologically efficient method of disposing
acid-sludge, which is a toxic residual of the predominant
re-refining technology in use.
[SSIE No. GSQ-1488]
Status: The following publications will be available in September,
1977.
Reports and Publications
ECONOMICS OF RE-REFINING
Liroff, S. D., and M. A. Hoffman. Forthcoming.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley. CA.
REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS' PARTICIPATION IN WASTE OIL RECOVERY
AND REUSE
Liroff, S. D.5 and M. A. Hoffman. Forthcoming.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
MAJOR PETROLEUM COMPANIES - PARTICIPATION IN WASTE OIL
RECOVERY AND REUSE
Liroff, S. D., and M. A. Hoffman. Forthcoming.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA,
THE MANAGEMENT OF ACID SLUDGE
Sessler, G. Forthcoming.
Teknekron, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Information Source: S. D- Liroff, Teknekron, Inc., 2118 Milvia
St., Berkeley, CA 94704
249
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6. PREVENTION AND CONTROL MEASURES
R-052-77
OIL POLLUTION CONTROL AT MILITARY INSTALLATIONS
Principal Investigator: Fileccia, R. J.
Performing Organization: U.S. Army, Constr. Engineering
Research Lab,, P.O. Box 4005,
Champaign, IL 61820
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Army.
No. DAOS8126
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Several Class I installations will be surveyed to determine
the cause, magnitude, and chemical nature of oily discharges
from facility operations. Based on the findings of the survey,
recommendations for .minimizing, treating, or eliminating these
waste discharges will be formulated for demonstration in the
field.
[SSIE No. ZQA-198126]
R-053-77
DETERMINATION OF QUANTITIES OF CERTAIN FUELS, OILS, AND TARS
IN STORM RUNOFF WATERS FROM HIGHWAYS
Principal Investigators: Malina, J. F., and B. L. Wiland
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of
Engineering, 200 W. 21st St., Austin
TX 78712
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Highway Administration
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The presence or absence of certain categories of fuels, oils,
and tars in storm runoffs from Texas highways was determined.
Variations of specific and related components washed from
asphalt and concrete pavements were monitored seasonally for
one annual cycle. These research findings have been used to
identify and isolate the contribution to water pollution
resulting from storm water runoff from highway pavements and
to develop suitable control strategies and pollution abatement
measures.
[SSIE No. GZD-171]
Status: The project has been completed and the final report
is currently being prepared.
Information Source: J. F. Malina, Jr., Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Texas, 200 W.
21st, Austin, TX 78712
250
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R-054-77
ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION
Principal Investigator: McReynolds, L. A.
Performing Organization: Phillips Petroleum Company, Bartlesville,
OK 74004
Supporting Agency: Phillips Petroleum Company
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Environmental efforts include process studies to develop improved
gasoline fractions-to produce unleaded gasoline; work on desulfur-
ization of energy producing products derived from fossil fuels;
improved methods to minimize air and water pollutants in
discharges from refineries, processing plants, transportation
facilities, and service station dispensing units; and studies
to improve fuel and lubricant products to help meet future
emission requirements.
[SSIE No. BI-110690]
Reports and Publications
A MULTIPARAMETER OIL POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
Miller, J. U. 1973.
Report EPA-R2-73-221, Contract No. 68-01-0059.
Summary not available.
Information Source: L. A. McReynolds, Phillips Petroleum
Company, Bartlesville, OK 74004
R-055-77
ENGINEERS SCRUTINIZE POLLUTION IN TEXAS SHIP CHANNELS, HARBORS
Principal Investigators: Withers, R. E., and M. Reavis
Performing Organization: Texas A&M University, Department of
Civil Engineering, College Station,
TX 77843
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Period: 9/75 to 9/77
University engineers are studying the pollution problems of
Texas ship channel-harbor complexes and are preparing a compre-
hensive report to help port directors identify and correct
pollution sources. The first part of the report will identify
and classify sources of water pollution within each channel-
harbor complex and assess the quality, quantity, and frequency
of pollution by each source. Thirteen different sources have
been examined and ranked. The second part of the study will
describe the problems of port management and suggest approaches
to solving them.
IMRIS Abstracts 14:#14 129695. 1976]
251
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C. EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-292-75 (renewal)
PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOASSAY STUDIES, ALASKA
Principal Investigator: Karinen, J. F.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Auke Bay
Fisheries Laboratory, P. 0. Box 155,
Auke Bay, AK 99821
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service.
No. ABL00776E1A1
Period; 7/75 to 7/76
Funds: $168,000
Major task objectives are: to identify deleterious effects and
evaluate the potential danger of chronic exposure of marine
organisms to Alaska crude oil, to use these responses as means
for monitoring and detecting, to evaluate the effects of oil
under various temperature and salinity regimes, and to determine
the ability of organisms to successfully adapt to oil pollution.
[SSIE No. ZBP-969-1]
Status: Static 96-hr acute bioassays are being phased out and
longer term flow-through tests are being conducted to achieve
research objectives, Greater emphasis is also being placed
on sublethal effects, determining the toxicity of various
petroleum components and temperature effects on oil toxicity.
Two general conclusions have been drawn from research to date;
crustacean larvae have been found to be the most sensitive life
stage, especially when molting; and Alaskan species may be more
vulnerable to oil than species from warmer waters, since colder
temperatures cause toxic aromatics to persist longer.
Temperature effects on oil toxicity and animal sensitivity are
complex and warrant further study.
Reports and Publications
SENSITIVITY OF LARVAL AND ADULT ALASKAN SHRIMP AND CRABS TO
ACUTE EXPOSURES OF THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK
INLET CRUDE OIL
Broderson, C. C., S. D. Rice, J. W. Short, T. A. Mecklenburg,
and J, F. Karinen. 1977,
1977 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behavior, Control,
Cleanup), New Orleans, March 8-10, 1977. p, 575-578,
(American Petroleum Institute No. 4284)
252
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Tests using 96-hour static bioassays at water temperatures
normally encountered by the organisms were conducted in
the title study. Larvae were found to be more sensitive
to oil than adults, and the sensitivity of the larvae was
dependent on species and developmental stage. Greater
vulnerability of larvae to oil exposure is probably due to
greater susceptibility to oil toxicity and predation. Cold
water species are particularly vulnerable because of the
long time spent as developing larvae.
EFFECTS OF OIL ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: A REVIEW FOR
ADMINISTRATORS AND POLICY MAKERS
Evans, D. P., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Bulletin 72(3):625-638.
"A review of selected literature [is] surveyed for the marine
section of the Environmental Impact Statement for the pro-
posed Trans-Alaska pipeline project, emphasizing the need
for research on the effects of chronic low level pollution."
EFFECTS OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON MOLTING TANNER CRABS,
CHINONOECETES BAIRDI
Karinen, J. F., and S. D. Rice. 1974.
Marine Fisheries Review 36(7):31-37.
Static bioassays using Prudhoe Bay crude oil and juvenile
male Tanner crabs were performed. Both pre- and postmolt
crabs were susceptible to oil, with the 48-hr TLm being
0.58 ml oil/I. The oil affected molting success and caused
newly molted crabs to autotomize limbs. Alaska's Tanner
crab resources would be adversely affected by oil spills.
•EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURE ON THE SURVIVAL OF PINK SALMON
'AND SHRIMP EXPOSED TO TOLUENE, NAPHTHALENE, AND THE WATER-
SOLUBLE FRACTION OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL.
Korn, S., D. A. Moles, and S. D. Rice. Submitted.
The effect of different temperatures on the toxicity of the
title compounds depended on species and toxicant. Survival
of shrimp exposed to toluene and naphthalene was significantly
less at higher temperatures. In contrast, survival of pink
salmon exposed to toluene was significantly less at lower
temperatures. Other tests did not yield significant
temperature effects.
253
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HEART RATES IN ALASKAN KING CRAB, PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA,
EXPOSED TO COOK INLET CRUDE OIL, BENZENE, AND NAPHTHALENE
Mecklenburg, T. A., and S. D. Rice. Submitted.
The heart rate declined during the first hours of exposure,
then returned to control or near-control rates as the crude
oil, benzene, or naphthalene concentrations in the test waters
declined. The severity of heart rate depression in the crude
oil experiments was correlated with the initial concentra-
tion of aromatic hydrocarbons. Recovery was dependent on
degradation of the toxicants.
MOLTING AND SURVIVAL OF KING CRAB (PARALITHODES CAMTSCHATICA)
AND COONSTRIPE SHRIMP (PANDALUS HYPSINOTUS) LARVAE EXPOSED
TO COOK INLET CRUDE OIL WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION
Mecklenburg, T. A., S. D. Rice, and J- F. Karinen. 1977.
NOAA-EPA Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum Hydro-
carbons, Seattle, 1976. In press.
Molting larvae were more sensitive than intermolt larvae to
the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil, and molting
coonstripe shrimp larvae were more sensitive than molting
king crab larvae. When molting larvae were exposed to high
concentrations of the WSF (1.15-1.87 ppm total hydrocarbons)
for six hours, molting success was reduced by 10-30% and some
deaths occurred. When larvae were exposed to these concentra-
tions for 24 hours or longer, molting declined 90-100% and
the larvae usually died. Comparisons of sensitivity to oil
between different crustacean species or life stages should
be based on animals tested in. the same stage of the molt
cycle.
THE EFFECT OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL ON SURVIVAL AND GROWTH
OF EGGS, ALEVINS, AND FRY OF PINK SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA
Rice, S. D. 1975.
Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Pollution, San
Francisco, 1975.
Eggs of the pink salmon were the most resistant to oil
solutions and emergent fry the most sensitive to acute 4-
day exposures. In freshwater, the 96-hour median tolerance
limit (TLm) of fry was 0.4 ml oil/1, and in seawater it
was 0.04 ml oil/1. Growth was affected most severely in
alevins exposed during later developmental stages. In
freshwater, susceptibility of early life history stages
of pink salmon to oil pollution is great at the time of
emergence (completion of yolk absorption). Susceptibility
is even greater in seawater after fry migration.
254
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TOXICITY AND AVOIDANCE TESTS WITH PRUDHOE BAY OIL AND
PINK SALMON FRY
Rice, S. D. 1973.
Joint Conference on Prevention and Control of Oil Spills,
Washington, D.C., 1973.
Observed 96-hour Tim values for the pink salmon fry were 88
mg of oil/1 of water in freshwater and 213 mg/1 in seawater
in June and '110 mg/1 in seawater in August. Old fry were
more susceptible to oil toxicity in seawater than younger
fry; older fry were also more sensitive in their detection
and avoidance of oil. Avoidance of oil by salmon fry was
quite apparent and suggests that there is potential for oil
pollution to change their migration behavior.
ACUTE TOXICITY AND UPTAKE-DEPURATION STUDIES WITH COOK
INLET CRUDE OIL, PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL, NO. 2 FUEL OIL AND
SEVERAL SUBARCTIC MARINE ORGANISMS
Rice, S. D., J. W. Short, C, C. Brodersen, T, A. Mecklenburg,
D. A. Moles, C. J. Misch, D. L. Cheatham, and J. F. Karinen.
1976.
Northwest Fisheries Center Auke Bay Fisheries Laboratory,
Processed report. 90 p.
This report provides the results of a laboratory study of
which the primary objectives were; to determine the acute
toxicity of Cook Inlet and Prudhoe Bay crude oils and fuel
oil to various life stages and species of fish and shell-
fish found in Kachemak Bay; to determine the rate and degree
of uptake and depuration of hydrocarbons by these organisms
when they are exposed to sublethal concentrations of the
water-soluble fractions (WSF) of Cook Inlet crude oil; and
to compare results to published literature to determine
to what degree Alaskan fish and shellfish differ from species
in other areas in their response to oil contamination.
A REVIEW OF COMPARATIVE OIL TOXICITY AND COMPARATIVE
ANIMAL SENSITIVITY
Rice, S. D., J. W. Short, and J. F. Karinen. 1977.
NOAA-EPA Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum
Hydrocarbons, Seattle, 1976, In press.
This review includes studies dealing with the ability of crude
and refined oils to kill marine animals and covers: (1)
the behavior of oil in water; (2) the methodology problems
associated with bioassays; (3) the comparative toxicity of
oil-water mixtures, oils, and components of oils; and (4)
the comparative sensitivity of different life stages and
255
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species. Emphasis is on methods, comparative toxicity, and
comparative sensitivy with conclusions and recommenda-
tions for future research.
TOXICITY OF COOK INLET CRUDE OIL AND NO. 2 FUEL OIL TO
SEVERAL ALASKAN MARINE FISHES AND INVERTEBRATES
Rice, S. D., J- W. Short, and J. F. Karinen. 1976.
Sources, Effects & Sinks of Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic
Environment. American Institute of Biological Sciences,
1976. p. 394-406.
Proceedings of the Symposium, American University,
Washington, D. C., 9-11 August 1976.
Crude oil, Fuel oil, Toxicity, Marine organisms, Alaska,
Fish, Invertebrates, Intertidal zone
Median tolerance levels of 27 different marine Alaskan
invertebrate and vertebrate species to water soluble
fractions of crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil were deter-
mined using a 96-hour static bioassay method. The two
oils were equally toxic, fish were consistently among
the most sensitive species, and intertidal invertebrates
were consistently among the most resistant species.
Alaskan marine species appear to be slightly more sensi-
tive than those of temperate regions; this difference
in sensitivity may be due to the greater persistence
of toxic hydrocarbons at the lower temperatures.
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON BREATHING AND
COUGHING RATES AND HYDROCARBON UPTAKE-DEPURATION IN
PINK SALMON FRY
Rice, S. D., R. E. Thomas, and J. W. Short. 1977.
Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants.
New York, Academic Press, 1977.
Breathing and coughing rates of pink salmon fry, Oncorhyn-
chus gorbuscha, were monitored during exposure to water
soluble fractions of Cook Inlet and Prudhoe Bay crude oils
and No. 2 fuel oil. High breathing rates during the first
24 hrs of exposure, elimination of most aromatics by 20 hrs,
and the continued high breathing during a contact dose
exposure for 72 hrs indicate that salmon fry can cope with
a sublethal exposure to hydrocarbons, but at the cost of
an increased metabolic rate. Increased metabolic rates
may be detrimental to survival if the stress persists for
long periods of time.
256
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ACCUMULATION, RETENTION, AND DEPURATION OF PETROLEUM-
DERIVED HYDROCARBONS BY FOUR SPECIES OF ALASKAN ANIMALS
(SCALLOPS, SHRIMP, KING CRAB, AND SALMON)
Short, J. W., and S. D. Rice. 1977.
Fishery Bulletin. In press.
Water-soluble fraction (WSF) derived n-paraffins of Cook
Inlet crude oil were accumulated by scallops and pink
salmon fry gill tissue when exposed at 4°-8°C for 4 or 5
days. The source of n-paraffins found in the other
animals was unclear. Depuration of accumulated n-
paraffins was rapid when these organisms were returned to
clean seawater. Aromatics were immediately and rapidly
absorbed by all species except king crab which rapidly
absorbed aromatics after a 10-hour delay period. Aromatics
were rapidly depurated by pink salmon fry before their
return to clean seawater, and by king crab right after
their return to clear water. Depuration by scallops and
shrimp in clear seawater was initially rapid but then
slowed. It was concluded that temperature has only a
minor effect on the accumulation and depuration of aromatic
hydrocarbons.
COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION
Short, J. W., S. D. Rice, and D. L. Cheatham. 1976.
Assessment of the Arctic Marine Environment: Selected
Topics. Fairbanks, Institute of Marine Science, University
of Alaska, 1976. Chapter 28. p. 451-462.
The authors compare oil content measured by the gravimetric
method (which is used by government agencies for deter-
mining levels of oil in discharge waters) with oil content
determined by infrared spectrophotometry for toxic water-
soluble fractions of two crude oils and a fuel oil.
Recovery of all the oils and a synthetic grease standard
was 100% by the infrared method. Using the gravimetric
method, recovery of the grease standard was 98%, but
recovery of the three pure oils ranged from 52 to 65%.
It is concluded that the gravimetric method is sensitive
to heavier compounds of the oils. When oil concentrations
in water are to be measured and correlated with chemical
toxicity, the gravimetric procedure should be supplemented
with a method specific for the more soluble and volatile
components.
257
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RESPONSE OF THE CLAM, HACOMA BALTHICA (LINNAEUS),
EXPOSED TO PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL AS UNMIXED OIL,
WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION, AND OIL-CONTAMINATED SEDIMENT
IN THE LABORATORY
Taylor, T. L., and J. F. Karinen. 1977.
NOAA-EPA Symposium on Fate and Effects of Petroleum
Hydrocarbons, Seattle, 1976. In press.
Gentle settling of crude oil over clam beds had negligible
effects on clams observed for two months. Water-soluble
(WSF) and oil-treated (OTF) sediment fractions of Prudhoe
Bay crude oil inhibitied burrowing and caused clams to
move to the sediment surface. Responses were directly
proportional to the concentrations of the WSF or amount of
OTF. The significance of these laboratory tests to
survival of M_. balthica in the natural environment is
discussed.
INCREASED OPERCULAR RATES OF PINK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA) FRY AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE WATER-SOLUBLE FRACTION
OF PRUDHOE BAY CRUDE OIL
Thomas, R. E., and S. D. Rice. 1975.
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 32(11):
2221-2224.
The opercular rates of the pink salmon increased signifi-
cantly for 9 to 12 hours after exposure to water-soluble
fractions of oil-water solutions. Increases in rates were
proportional to increases in dose. Recording changes in
opercular rates is a suitable method for detecting sub-
lethal physiological effects of stress.
Information source: J. F. Karinen, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Auke Bay Fisheries Laboratory, P. 0. Box
155, Auke Bay, AK 99821
R-098-76 (renewal)
CONTROLLED ECOSYSTEM POLLUTION EXPERIMENT (CEPEX) - ZOOPLANKTON
POPULATION ASSESSMENT
Principal Investigator: Grice, G. D.
Performing Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Main St., Woods Hole, MA 02543
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Ocean Sciences. No. OCE76-
80249
Period: 1/77 to 2/78
Funds: $63,000
In the CEPEX, scientists from the United States, United Kingdom,
and Canada are studying the effects of specific pollutants on
258
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oceanic communities. In the proposed research, zooplankton
contained in large plastic cylinders are subjected to low-
level and long-term exposure to petroleum and heavy metals.
The results will permit assessment of the impact of known
levels of pollutants on zooplankton species, occurrence,
abundance,and life history.
[SSIE No. GSN-1507-3]
R-100-76 (renewal)
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator: Mai ins, D. C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Conservation Division, 2725
Montiake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service
No. NWC03376EIA1
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $287,300
On-site research has been conducted at three strategically
located field facilities to investigate the stress and
behavioral effects of contaminants and alterations on the
survival of salmonid stocks in the lower Columbia River and
selected species in Puget Sound. Data are provided on effects
of nitrogen, dredge disposal, petroleum,and temperature to
improve water quality standards, an adequate review on intake
and discharge permits, and environmental impact statements.
[SSIE No. ZBP-945-1]
Reports and Publications
INDUCTION OF HEPATIC ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE IN
SALMON EXPOSED TO PETROLEUM DISSOLVED IN SEAWATER AND
TO PETROLEUM AND POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, SEPARATE
AND TOGETHER, IN FOOD
Gruger, E. H., Jr., M. M. Wekell, P. T. Numoto, and
D. R. Craddock. 1977.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) is induced in
coho salmon exposed to 1 ppm PCB's in the diet; however,
comparable experiments with 1 ppm Prudhoe Bay crude oil
did not alter the AHH activities. These findings suggest
that in aquatic food chains containing petroleum hydrocar-
bons and PCB'S, the latter substance may exert a predom-
inant influence on the induction of the hepatic AHH enzyme
system. Young coho salmon exposed to 150 ppb of a
259
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seawater-soluble fraction of crude oil for 6 days exhibited
a significant induction of this enzyme system. Thus,
highly soluble crude oil components may be more effective
than high molecular weight insoluble components in
inducing AHH.
EFFECTS OF CHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
ON THE ACTIVITY OF HEPATIC. ARYL HYDROCARBON HYDROXYLASE
OF COHO SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH) AND CHINOOK SALMON
(£. TSHAHYTSCHA)
Gruger, E. H., Jr., M. M. Wekell, and P. A. Robisch.
Unpublished report.
Saltwater-adapted coho and chinook salmon were fed
mixtures of test compounds; one composed of chlorobiphenyls
and the other of petroleum hydrocarbons. Induction of
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity occurred in
hepatic microsomes from coho salmon within the first two
weeks of hydrocarbon exposure. Induction was potentiated
by the presence of chlorobiphenyls; however, no effect
on enzyme activity was found with chlorobiphenyls alone.
In chinook salmon, AHH activity in hepatic microsomes
was depressed by the chlorobiphenyls and hydrocarbons,
administered both separately and together. The results
provide evidence indicating that aryl hydrocarbon (benzo-
[a]pyrene) hydroxylase responds differently in different
species of salmonids to chlorobiphenyls and petroleum
hydrocarbons in food.
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM ON ARCTIC AND SUBARCTIC MARINE
ENVIRONMENTS AND ORGANISMS
Malins, D. C. 1977.
New York, Academic Press, 1977. Vol. II. Biological
Effects of Petroleum.
The impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons on the biota of
pristine areas is poorly understood, despite certain
relevant data from laboratory experiments with indigenous
organisms and a lesser amount of field information. In
this volume an attempt is made to compile data on the
biological effects of petroleum on marine organisms,
evaluate the implications to possible alterations in
organisms and ecosystems, and offer suggestions for future
work where significant gaps in knowledge exist.
Information Source: D. C. Malins, U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Conservation Division, 2725
Montiake Blvd., E., Seattle, WA 98112
260
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R-056-77
MACROBENTHIC SURVEY IN THE VICINITY OF THE METULA OIL SPILL,
MAGELLAN STRAIT, CHILE
Principal Investigators: Gallardo, V. A., J. G. Castillo,
R. C. Swartz, and D. J. Baumgartner
Performing Organization: University of Concepcidn, Casilla
1367, Concepcidn, Chile
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. R804514 01
Period: 4/76 to 6/77
Funds: $47,350
Project objectives are: to quantitatively describe the faunal
composition, density, standing crop, diversity, dominance and
spatial homogeneity of the subtidal macrobenthos of Bahia
Felipe, the site of the "Metula" spill; and to correlate changes
in the community structure with depth, bottom water quality,
and sediment characteristics, especially oil pollution, particle
size distribution,and organic carbon content, the survey will
be performed on board "E/V HERO". A sampling grid has been
designed to observe the impact of oil from the source of the
spill and the areas where it was finally deposited.
[SSIE No. GMA-3243]
R-057-77
DETECTION OF CARCINOGENICITY OF OILS IN SEAWATER - USE OF
HYBRID FISH AND FOOD CHAIN
Principal Investigators: Humm, D. G., M. L. Bellamy, and
C. F. Smith
Performing Organization: University of North Carolina, School
of Arts and Sciences, Chapel Hill,
N.C. 27514
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. R804650 01
Period: 9/76 to 8/77
Funds: $41,150
Effects are being made to apply a sensitized fish bioassay to
the detection and measurement of carcinogens in shale oil,
crude oil., and seawater pollution, and to develop an artificial
laboratory food chain and measure the quantitative transfer
and destruction of carcinogens in their passage along the chain.
[SSIE No. GMA-3269]
261
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R-058-77
SUBLETHAL BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS
Principal Investigator: Mai ins, D. C.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce,
Environmental Conservation Division,
2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, MA
98112
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, National Marine Fisheries
Service. No. NWC03176EIA1
Period: 7/75 to 7/76
Funds: $313,400
Emphasis is placed on definition of the magnitude of impact
on marine biota from steady low-level introduction of compo-
nents of petroleum oil into the marine environment. Deter-
minations will be made on effects of aromatic hydrocarbons,
metals, and petroleum oil fractions on larval, juvenile,and
adult forms of fish and Crustacea under various environmental
conditions such as temperature and salinity.
[SSIE No. ZBP-916-1]
For reports and publications, see R-100-76, p. 259.
R-059-77
EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS ON ESTUARINE FISHES
Principal Investigators: Martin, B. J., and H. D. Howse
Performing Organization: University of Southern Mississippi,
School of Science and Technology,
Hattiesburg, MS 39401
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. R804527 01
Period: 7/76 to 10/77
Funds: $85,669
The purpose of this project is to study chemically induced
tumors in teleost fishes. Tissues from the liver, kidney,
intestine, and gills of fish exposed to low levels of a known
carcinogen will be studied histologically. This research will
provide data concerning the quantities of benzopyrene
necessary to induce neoplasias, establish the feasibility of
using teleost fish as early indicators of carcinogenic sub-
stances in the aquatic environment,and demonstrate the cost
effectiveness of this type system.
[SSIE No. GMA-3065]
262
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R-060-77
PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY AND THE EFFECTS OF CRUDE OILS ON ARCTIC
MARINE INVERTEBRATES TO INCLUDE ADDITIONAL RELATED STUDIES
Principal Investigator: Mullin, T. C.
Performing Organization: Unknown institute or individual grant,
Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada, Department of the Environment.
No. OSX4-0046
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $6,236
No summary provided to SSIE.
[SSIE No. WDB-23]
R-061-77
FATE AND EFFECTS OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS AND SELECTED TOXIC
METALS IN SELECTED MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND ORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Wolfe, D. A.
Performing Organization: U.S. Department of Commerce, Environ-
mental Research Labs, Boulder, CO
80302
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. EPA-IAG-D6-E693-EM
Period: 8/75 to 7/76
Funds: $478,000
The project includes four tasks with the following objectives:
establish an NOAA analytical capability for petroleum hydro-
carbons and toxic metals in the marine environment for purposes
of standardizing analytical techniques and providing intercali-
bration services; design a comprehensive program of lab and
field research to fill information gaps with reference to a
particular study site in a coastal portion of the northeast
Gulf of Alaska; select and conduct specific laboratory experi-
ments on fate and effects of metals and hydrocarbons, and con-
duct controlled experimental ecosystem research to test the
ability to predict ecological and biological impacts of
petroleum in subarctic ecosystems.
Equipment has been purchased and routine analyses of petroleum
hydrocarbons in environmental samples are underway at the NOAA
National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Center,
Seattle, WA. Laboratory experiments are being conducted to
examine the interactions between PCB's and petroleum hydrocarbons
in juvenile salmon and to determine the effects of petroleum
on trace metal distributions between sediments and seawater.
Feasibility studies and experimental design are underway.
[SSIE No. GMA-3038]
263
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2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-062-77
SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTS, BABBAGE RIVER DELTA,
YUKON COAST
Principal Investigator: Forbes, D. L.
Performing Organization: Canadian Department of Energy and
Resources, Terrain Sciences Division,
601 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario, KIA 038,
Canada
Supporting Agency: Canada Department of Energy, Mines and
Resources, Geological Survey of Canada
Period: 4/76 to 3/77
The investigator proposes to develop integrated sedimentation
models applicable to an estuarine delta in a tundra and perma- '
frost environment, consider the stability of the system and its
potential response to artificial changes resulting from pipeline
construction or oil spills, and consider the use of the Babbage
River delta as a small scale research analog for the Mackenzie
delta.
[SSIE No. CM-226]
R-063-77
THE FEASIBILITY OF EXTENDING SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENERGY STUDIES WITH
MEASUREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
Principal Investigator: Lundin, A.
Performing Organization: University of Stockholm, Box 6409,
Fack S-104 05, Stockholm 50, Sweden
Supporting Agency: Sweden Energy Research and Development
Commission
Period: 1/76 to 3/77
Funds: $29,200
A survey is being made of the methodology and results of studies
which have attempted to measure environmental effects, especially
air and water pollution, resulting from oil refining and trans-
portation, production of electrical power, and use of energy in
processing industries. The results of the survey are planned
to be reported in March, 1977.
[SSIE No. CM-124]
264
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D. EFFECTS OF OIL PROSPECTING AND PRODUCTION
1. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
R-Q64-77
MITIGATION GOALS FOR OIL SHALE
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Colorado State University, State Cooperative
Wildlife Research Unit, Fort Collins,
CO 80523
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research
Division. Contract Welut No. 051-75
Period: 11/75 to 10/76
This study will identify the most significant fish and wildlife
population reductions that will result from environmental changes
caused by oil shale development, formulate a list of candidate
mitigation goal alternatives, and evaluate the effectiveness of a
sample of previous attempts to mitigate wildlife population
reductions. No collection of quantitative data in the field is
anticipated.
[SSIE No. GU-144]
Status; This project is approximately 60% complete and is
scheduled for completion by November, 1978. No papers have yet
been prepared. The principal product of the contract will be a
series of computer programs and data banks.
Information source: K, R. Russell, Colorado State University,
State Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit,
Fort Collins, CO 80523
R-065-77
ANALYSIS OF OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF DEVELOPMENT AND POTENTIAL
IMPACTS ON MARINE MAMMAL POPULATIONS
Principal Investigator: Waring, G. H.
Performing Organization: Unknown institute or individual grant,
Virginia
Supporting Agency: U.S. Marine Mammal Commission.
Contract MM6AC012
Period; 1/76 to 9/76
Funds: $19,040
The objectives of the study are to identify the marine mammal
populations that could be impacted by present and proposed OCS
oil and gas development activities, evaluate for each proposed
265
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sale area the potential impact on marine stocks, assess the
completeness of the present marine mammal data base in potentially
high impact areas and recommend additional studies necessary for
impact evaluation, identify the safeguards proposed and taken by
government and industry to minimize these impacts, and recommend
alternative courses of action that will minimize the potential or
realized threat to marine mammal populations.
[SSIE No. CH-589]
2. GENERAL EFFECTS
R-066-77
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AN ACTIVE OIL FIELD IN THE NORTH-
WESTERN GULF OF MEXICO 1975-1980
Principal Investigators: Angelovic, 0. W., R. J. Berry, K. N.
Baxter, J. H. Finucane, and W. L. Trent
Performing Organization: U,S. Department of Commerce, Gulf
Coastal Fisheries Center, 4700 Ave.
U, Galveston, TX 77550
Supporting Agency: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. IAG-D6-E693-EO
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
A detailed five-year environmental assessment study of the
Buccaneer oil and gas field was initiated in April, 1976. The
objectives are to describe existing ecosystems and area! dis-
tribution of their major components, compare concentrations of
pollutants in the sediments, water, and biota of the oil field
to those in an unaltered area, and identify changes that have
occurred. Surveys have been initiated to describe the hydro-
graphy, water quality parameters, sediments, pollutants, and the
abundance, distribution, diversity and habitat of major pianktonic,
benthic, and pelagic communities,
[SSIE No, GMA-2928]
Status: The final report for the first year's work should be
available for distribution by NOAA/EPA in August, 1977. In-
vestigators are in the process of initiating the second year's
work.
The summaries listed below give results for the period November,
1975, through April, 1977.
266
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Reports and Publications
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AN ACTIVE OIL FIELD IN THE
NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO, 1975-1977
Task 2.3 Alterations and Marine Ecosystems
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNITS 2.3.2 AND 2.4.2. SEDIMENTS
AND TRACE METALS
Anderson, 0. B., R. R. Schwarzer, and H, C. Clark
Geological and geochemical studies were conducted as part of
an environmental assessment of the Buccaneer offshore Texas
oil/gas field. Included were seismic profile studies to
elucidate the geologic structure of the area, sediment
sampling to determine size distributions, textures and
mineralogy, and trace metal analyses of sediments near
platforms to understand types and sources of contamination.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3.3. BENTHOS
Harper, D,, Jr.
As part of an environmental assessment of the Buccaneer
offshore Texas oil/gas field, studies were conducted on
benthic organisms around platforms, and on seasonal population
variations. The substrate in this region ranges from sandy mud
to muddy sand and the residing benthic organisms are primarily
crustaceans and polychaete worms.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3.4. DEMERSAL FINFISH AND
MACRO-CRUSTACEANS
Emiliani, D.
Several sampling cruises were conducted in the Buccaneer
offshore oil/gas field to compare population densities of the
title organisms in platform areas and in control areas.
The largest number of species and the largest catch, based on
number per hour of all species caught, were from the platform
areas.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3,5. PELAGIC AND REEF FISHES
Trent, L.
Recreational fishing studies were conducted as a part of an
environmental assessment of the Buccaneer offshore Texas oil/
gas field. Number of species caught and number of fishing boats
in the oil field area were monitored for diurnal and seasonal
variations.
267
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SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3.6. ICHTHYOPLANKTON
Finucane, J. H,
Ichthyoplankton studies conducted in the Buccaneer offshore
oil/gas field area and adjacent coastal waters revealed that
total species diversity was greater in the oil field area than
in the control area. During spawning seasons, the oil field
areas were found to contain a greater number of eggs and larvae
than control stations. Oil platforms and related structures
appear to serve as artificial reefs that attract fish and other
organisms.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3.8. EFFECTS OF STRUCTURES
Fotheringham, N.
The interactions between production platforms and the community
of fouling organisms, its plantonic larvae, and its predators
were studied as part of an environmental assessment of the
Buccaneer offshore oil/gas field. Sixteen algal species and
101 invertebrate species were found to encrust the structure,
and 27 species of resident fishes were enumerated. The. benthic
fauna directly below the structure were enriched by food resources
dropping from the platform-encrusting organisms.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3.8. EFFECTS OF STRUCTURES -
AVIAN POPULATIONS
Aumann, G.
The effects of a platform on migrating and resident birds were
studied. Effects on migrating marine birds were judged to be
negligible. Resident marine birds were found to benefit from
the structure's presence and the effects on migrating land
birds were assessed as possibly, but not conclusively, detrimental
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.3,9. CURRENTS, TEMPERATURES,
AND SALINITIES
Martin, J.
As a part of an environmental assessment of the Buccaneer off-
shore Texas oil/gas field, seasonal variations in salinities,
temperatures, and current patterns in the oil field area were
monitored for one year. Results are presented.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2.4.1. HYDROCARBONS
Middled!tch, B.
The types and concentrations of hydrocarbons in Buccaneer
oil field crude oils, condensates, discharged formation
268
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waters, seawater, marine invertebrates and vertebrates, and
sediments were determined. The crude oil contains 18% ri-
al kanes, together with branched alkanes and aromatic hydro-
carbons. Condensates were relatively enriched with volatile
components. Low levels of petroleum alkane contamination were
present in surface-seawater samples and in near-surface
organisms, i.e. barnacles. Only one of four species of shrimp
examined contained petroleum alkanes. Inconclusive results
were obtained for plankton; no petroleum was found in squid
or sediments.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS - WORK UNIT 2,4.3. TOTAL ORGANICS C13/C12
Behrens, W.
The extent of pollution of total organic carbon in recent
marine sediments of the Buccaneer oil/gas field was compared
to an unaltered area by measuring the carbon isotope
characteristics of the total organic carbon present. Results
show a pattern of anomalously old radiocarbon ages in sediments
of the oil field and in surrounding areas, indicating that
pollution from oil production has occurred. However, the carbon
isotope distribution pattern does not fit a simple test model.
Information source:
E. F. Klima, U.S. Department of Commerce,
National Marine Fisheries Service, SEFC,
Galveston Laboratory, 4700 Ave. U,
Galveston, TX 77550
R-067-77
IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
Principal Investigator:
Performing Organization
Supporting Agency:
Perio'd:
Funds:
CHANGE, MIDDLE ATLANTIC
Pearce, J. B.
: U.S. Department of Commerce, Northeast
Fisheries Center, Sandy Hook Laboratory,
P. 0. Box 428, Highlands, NJ 07732
U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
National Marine Fisheries Service.
No. MAC00776E1A1
7/75 to 6/76
$44,100
Environmental baseline surveys of sediments, benthic macrofauna,
and a number of water column parameters have been completed for
Raritan Bay, Long Island Sound, the New Jersey coast,and portions
of the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Data from the latter two surveys
are combined for subsequent determination of impacts of oil
exploration activities.
[SSIE No. ZBP-1225]
269
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Reports and Publications
BENTHIC ASSEMBLAGES IN THE DEEPER CONTINENTAL SHELF WATERS
OF THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHr
Pearce, J. B. 1974.
Marine Environmental Implications of Offshore Oil and Gas
Development in the Baltimore Canyon Region of the Mid-Atlantic
Coast. Proceedings of Estuarine Research Federation Outer
Continental Shelf Conference and Workshop, University of
Maryland, 1974. p. 297-318.
The benthic assemblages collected from the continental
shelf in the New York Bight are of average to high diversity.
Approximately the same number of species and individuals per
grab sample was found as in samples collected from un~
contaminated areas in the Bight apex and inshore stations,
Based on calculations from the data collected, it was found that
the offshore shelf areas are represented by a total number
of species similar to inshore stations in water 100 feet or
less in depth. A discussion is given regarding the need for
in-depth investigations of the distribution of benthic
organisms in proposed sites of oil exploration and drilling,
and the need for studies to determine the lethal and sub-
lethal effects of known crude oils on marine benthic organisms
characteristic of the continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic
Bight.
OUR COASTAL WATERS: AN ENDANGERED ZONE
Pearce, J. B. 1976.
The Science Teacher 43(9). 4 p.
Discussed are the phenomenon of "coastal congestion," brought
about by the development and increased population of the
coastal and estuarine environments, and the threat to these
areas caused by pollution from sewage and sludge, petroleum
and power plants and by mineral resource development.
Information source: J. B. Pearce? U.S. Department of Commerce,
Northeast Marine Fisheries Center, Sandy
Hook Laboratory, Highlands, NJ 07732
270
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E. FATE OF OIL IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. BIODEGRADATION
R-227-74 (renewal)
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL IN SEAWATER FOR NAVAL POLLUTION CONTROL
Principal Investigator: O'Neill, T. B., and D. B. Chan
Performing Organization: U.S. Navy, Civil Engineering Laboratory,
Point Mugu, Port Hueneme, California
93041
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN144052
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
The objective of this research is to isolate microorganisms which
can efficiently degrade petroleum and be grown in large quantities.
The research will include a literature review, isolating of
microbes from areas of Southern California where oil leakage is
common, increasing their metabolic activity in pure or mixed
cultures, and mass producing suitable organisms in order to
eliminate oil through biodegradation.
[SSIE No. ZQN-144052-6]
R-339-74 (renewal)
NAVY ENVIRONMENT: BIOLOGY OF MARINE AND ESTUARINE MICROORGANISMS
Principal Investigator: Colwell, R. R., and J. D, Walker
Department: Microbiology
Performing Organization: University of Maryland, School of
Agriculture, College Park, MA 20742
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Defense, Navy.
No. DN223667, Contract N00014-75-C-0340
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
Funds: $29,641
The ability of marine and estuarine bacteria to degrade hydro-
carbons and petroleum in situ is being tested by a variety of
techniques including electron microscopy and gas liquid
chromatography. The biodegradation of lipids and refractory
materials in suspended particulates is being examined. The
interactions of microorganisms in estuarine and oceanic eco-
systems are investigated.
[SSIE No. GQN-223667-3]
Status: The investigators are presently in the process of writing
up work on the Metula oil spill which was funded by the National
Science Foundation,
271
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Reports and Pub1i ca tions (Navy contract)
ENRICHMENT FOR ESTUARINE PETROLEUM-DEGRADING BACTERIA USING
LIQUID AND SOLID MEDIA
Calomiris, J. J., B. Austin, J. D. Walker, and R. R. Colwell.
1977.
Journal of Bacteriology 42:135-144.
Bacteria in oil-contaminated and oil-free estuarine water
and sediment were isolated on solid and in liquid petroleum
media. A greater variety of bacteria was noted when direct
plating techniques were employed, compared with liquid
enrichment. Strains isolated by liquid enrichment were found
more frequently to be capable of utilizing model petroleum
in vitro, compared with isolates obtained by direct plating.
INTERACTIONS OF ARABIAN CRUDE OIL WITH BEACH SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Colwell, R. R., J. D. Walker, B. F. Conrad, and P. A. Seesman.
1977.
Final report, EPA Grant No. 68-01-3284. 78 p.
Beach sediment samples collected in the Straits of Magellan
were examined for petroleum hydrocarbons and found to contain
significant amounts of oil, with the concentration of oil
related to degree of exposure to the "Metula" spill. The
total number of viable, aerobic, heterotrophic microorganisms
in the samples was found to decrease with increasing oil
concentration. More rapid glucose uptake and mineralization
by microorganisms were observed in clean sediment samples.
Good growth in Arabian crude oil medium was obtained for
most samples; however, the extent of degradation varied
considerably with rate of removal of the major components of
the oil. High concentrations of oil appeared to affect
biodegradation adversely.
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS: DEGRADATION AND GROWTH POTENTIAL
FOR ATLANTIC OCEAN SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., J. J. Calomiris, T. L, Herbert, and R. R.
Colwell. 1976.
Marine Biology 34(l):l-9.
Microorganisms isolated from sediment samples taken from
three stations along a track!ine off the North Carolina
coast were examined for their ability to degrade a number of
petroleum hydrocarbons. Bacteria from samples collected
at a depth of 5,000 m showed greater growth and hydrocarbon
degradation when cultured in a seawater medium than in media
made up with salt solution. Growth of bacteria in
sediment samples collected at two stations was suppressed in
seawater medium when a 1% mixture of 19 different petroleum
hydrocarbons was added.
272
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LONG-CHAIN ji-ALKANES OCCURRING DURING MICROBIAL DEGRADATION
OF PETROLEUM
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(6):886-891,
Five axenic cultures and a mixed culture were examined for
their ability to degrade various crude oils. A wax was
formed during the biodegradation of one of the crudes which
was not observed during the weathering of the same oil. The
wax contained high-boiling alkanes similar to those found
in tar balls of the open ocean.
MEASURING THE POTENTIAL ACTIVITY OF PETROLEUM - DEGRADING
BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31(2):189-197.
[C~ ] hydrocarbons were used to evaluate the hydrocarbon-
degrading potential of bacteria in estuarine and marine
environments. Amount of mineralization of [C^4] hexadecane
can be equated with the total number of petroleum-degrading
bacteria and the percentage of the total heterotrophic
bacterial population which they represent,
PETROLEUM DEGRADATION BY ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Walker, J. D,, and R, R. Colwell. 1976.
Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium, J, M. Sharpley and A. M. Kaplan (eds.). Barking,
Essex, Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1976. p. 197-204.
Symposium held in Kingston, Rhode Island, 17-23 August, 1975.
This paper reports on the seasonal variation in the numbers
and activity of petroleum-degrading microorganisms from oil-
contaminated and oil-free environments. Information on the
susceptibility of petroleum to microbial degradation by
indigenous microorganisms of Chesapeake Bay is presented.
[from Proceedings of the Third International Biodegradation
Symposium. List of Contents, Applied Science Publishers,
Ltd. July, 1976]
COMPARISON OF THE BIODEGRADABILITY OF CRUDE AND FUEL OILS
Walker, J. D., L. Petrakis, and R. R. Colwell. 1976.
Canadian Journal of Microbiology 22(4):598-602.
273
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The ability of two crude and two fuel oils to support growth
of a mixed population of estuarine bacteria was examined. Each
of the oils supported a unique population of bacteria and
yeasts. Low sulfur, high saturate South Louisiana crude oil
was highly susceptible to degradation; in contrast, the dense
high sulfur Bunker C fuel oil was strongly recalcitrant to
biodegradation.
PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS: DEGRADATION AND GROWTH POTENTIAL OF
DEEPSEA SEDIMENT BACTERIA
Walker, J. D., P. A. Seesman, T. L. Herbert, and R. R. Colwell.
1976.
Environmental Pollution 10(2):89-99.
Bacteria from Atlantic marine sediments samples were able to
degrade petroleum hydrocarbons in a seawater based medium.
The inorganic nutrient concentration from both the seawater
and the sediment had a large effect on degradation. Those
bacteria from deep-ocean stations were more successful at
degradation than those from coastal sediments.
Information source: R. R. Colwell, University of Maryland, Division
of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of
Microbiology, College Park, MD 20742
R-068-77
USE HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY TECHNIQUE FOR ASSAYING EFFECTS OF
NUTRIENTS AND POLLUTION ADDITIONS UPON MICROBES OF NATURAL WATERS
Principal Investigator: Albright, L. J.
Performing Organization: Simon Fraser University, School of Science,
Buraby, British Columbia, Canada
Supporting Agency: International Atomic Energy Agency.
No, 1831/CF
Period: 8/76 to 7/77
The objective of this research is to develop an assay for determining
the- sub-lethal impact of various pollutants, including metallic salts,
petroleum and pesticides, upon the heterotrophic activities of the
total microflora (algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa) of natural
waters. The abilities of these waters and sediments to degrade
petroleum and its products will be examined by adding 14C-label led
oil and oil products to the waters to determine degradation rates
and turnover time with the use of the heterotrophic activity assay.
[SSIE No. CH-317]
274
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R-069-77
BIOCDNCENTRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS - RESPONSE TO MARINE
INVERTEBRATE MICROSOMAL OXIDASES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS
Principal Investigator: Anderson, R. S.
Performing Organization: Sloan Kettering Institute of Canadian
Research, 145 Boston Post Rd., Rye,
NY 10580
Supporting Agency: • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development.
No. R804435 01
Period; 1/76 to 12/76
Funds: $48,982
The capacity of marine organisms to metabolize environmental
pollutants including pesticides and carcinogenic polycyclfc
hydrocarbons is being determined. Microsomal mixed function
oxidases are being studied in the oyster, Crassostrea, virginica,
and the lobster, Homarus americana. The general properties of the
enzymes benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase, DDT hydroxylase, aldrin
epoxidase, and heptachlor epoxidase will also be studied,
R-070-77
INTERACTIONS OF CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS AND MICROORGANISMS IN THE NEW
JERSEY COASTAL ENVIRONMENT
Principal Investigators: Bartha, R., and A. D. Antoine
Performing Organization: Rutgers The State University, Agricultural
Experiment Station, Old Queens Bldg.,
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperative
State Res. Service, New Jersey
Period: 10/76 to 9/77
The interaction of various chemical pollutants, such as petroleum
hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, etc., will
be investigated in both laboratory and field experiments. The
action of the pollutants on essential microbial processes, such as
organic matter degradation, nitrification, nitrogen fixation, etc.,
will be examined. The concentration of pollutants in microorganisms
and through them in higher members in estuarine food chains will
be measured by radiometric techniques.
[SSIE No. GY-68007-1]
Status: The biodegradation of South Louisiana (SL) crude oil, and
the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron supplements on this
process were compared in a polluted and in a relatively clean ,
littoral seawater sample taken along the New Jersey coast. Without
supplements., the biodegradation of the oil was negligible in both
275
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samples. Addition of nitrogen and phosphorus allowed very rapid
biodegradation in polluted seawater (72% in three days), Total
iron in this seawater sample was high (5.2 uM). In the less
polluted and less iron-rich (1.2 uM) sample, biodegradation of the
crude oil was considerably slower (2l% in three days) and the
addition of chelated iron had a stimulating effect. It was also
found that ferric octoate in combination with paraffinized urea
and octylphosphate is suitable for the treatment of floating oil
slicks. The investigators have concluded that spills of SL crude
oil can be cleaned up rapidly and efficiently by stimulated
biodegradation, provided the water temperatures are favorable.
2. PHYSICAL CHANGES OF OIL
R-071-77
OIL SLICK SPREADING DUE TO TURBULENT DIFFUSION
Principal Investigator: Miksad, R. W.
Performing Organization: University of Texas, School of Engineering,
200 W. 21st St., Austin, TX 78712
Supporting Agency; University of Texas
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
The research is aimed at providing new information on turbulent
oil slick spreading rates via laboratory experiments. The
technique of grid generated turbulence in a horizontal plane
is used to model the structure of atmospheric and ocean turbulence.
The length scale, frequency, arid intensity of the turbulent field
can be varied to model different turbulent spill situations unique
to the Texas Gulf Coast.
[SSIE No. NTX-693]
R-072-77
SEA-STATE LIMIT FOR THE SURVIVAL OF OIL SLICKS
Principal Investigator: Unknown
Performing Organization: Arthur D. Little, Inc., 25 Acorn Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02142
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation, Office
of the Secretary. No. CG59134, Contract
CG-61, 505-A.
Period: 3/76 to 2/77
The project aims are to investigate and discuss the available
literature on theoretical and experimental work relating to wind,
waves, currents, and oil slicks; identify environmental and oil-
dependent factors that affect the dispersion of oil; assess the
most severe conditions under which an oil slick can remain un-
dispersed; formulate a physical model describing the hydrodynamics
276
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of an oil slick breaking up in the sea; and define how "sea-state"
is to be determined in the field.
[SSIE No. GZO-633]
3. CHEMICAL CHANGES OF OIL
HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE WATERS - THE COLLOIDAL STATE
Principal Investigator; Shaw, D. G.
Performing Organization: University of Alaska, Institute of
Marine Sciences, Fairbanks, AK 99701
Supporting Agency: U.S. National Science Foundation,
Division of Environmental Sciences.
No. DES75-10753
Period: 5/76 to 4/77
Funds: $47,100
Procedures for measuring colloidal sized hydrocarbon particles by
gel permeation chromatography are being developed and used to
assess the influence of hydrocarbon type, turbulence, and the
natural organic constituents of seawater on colloid formation.
This work is being done to increase our present understanding
of the chemical behavior of hydrocarbons in seawater,
[SSIE No. GSV-6063-1]
4. GENERAL FATE OF OIL
R-074-77
OIL AND "TAR SEEPS OFF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Principal Investigators: Henyey, T, L,, and T. F- Yen
Performing Organization: University of Southern California,
School of Letters Arts and Sciences,
3551 University Ave., Los Angeles, CA
90007
Supporting Agency: U.S, Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office. No. R/RD-2
Period; 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $39,285
The following are research objectives: use chemical parameters
including trace elements, sulfur and nitrogen content, carbon iso-
topic ratio, and volatile organic components to characterize oil
and tar from natural seeps, offshore wells and beaches; investigate
the geochemical breakdown or weathering of oil and tar from
277
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natural seeps as it moves In the marine environment; relate
characterization of oils and tars to the problems of source and
the subsequent weathering in the marine environment; and determine
the geologic, geophysical, and oceanographic framework of selected
oil and tar seeps in the Santa Barbara Channel and Santa Monica
Bay.
[SSIE No. 6BP-2627]
R-075-77
REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF OIL SPILL TRAJECTORY MODELS FOR USE IN
RISK ASSESSMENT ASSOCIATED WITH PROPOSED DEEPWATER PORTS
Principal Investigators: Pearce, B. R., 0, J. Connor, K. D.
Stolzenbach, E. E. Adams, J. Pagenkopf
Performing Organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
School of Science, 77 Massachusetts Ave,,
Cambridge, MA 02139
Supporting Agency: U.S. Department of Commerce, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Sea Grant Office. No. R/PO-3
Period: 7/75 to 6/76
Funds: $60,000
The objective of the project is to evaluate all numerical models
that have been developed for actual application in predicting oil
spill trajectories. The adequacy, practical requirements in
running the models, suitability of each model to different water
bodies, and degree of sophistication involved will be assessed.
[SSIE No. 6BP-2406]
Reports and Pub!ications
A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTING
THE BEHAVIOR OF SURFACE OIL SLICKS
Stolzenbach, K. D., 0. S, Madsen, E, E, Adams, A. M. Pollack,
and C. K. Cooper. 1977.
Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Water Resources and
Hydrodynamics, Report No. 222. 315 p.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a state-of-the-art
review of the basic techniques and knowledge associated
with surface oil slick behavior. Results of this review are
presented in the following manner: representation and
determination of wind fields; treatment of the advection of
oil slicks that is brought about by the combined action of
currents and wind-waves; the physical phenomena that trans-
form an oil slick as it is being advected; and a review and
evaluation of existing models for oil slick behavior. A
278
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comprehensive bibliography is included at the end of
the report.
Information source: C. Bowman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Ralph M. Parsons Laboratory for Hater Resources
and Hydrodynamics, Bldg. 48-323, Cambridge, MA
02139
279
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SECTION III: CURRENT CONFERENCES
*Additional information not available at time of publication.
Feb. 28- Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied
Mar. 4 Spectroscopy, 28th, Cleveland, Ohio, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper 295
THE HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF WATER IN SIMULATED OIL SPILLS
Shaw, D. G., L. E. Clement, and C. Akert
Paper 333
QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON GC IDENTIFICATION
OF OILS
Flanigan, G. A., and A. P. Bentz
Paper 334
QUANTITATIVE EFFECTS OF WEATHERING ON INFRARED SPECTRA OF
OILS
Gronlund, W. R., and C. P. Chamberlain
Paper 335
ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF FLUORESCENCE AND INFRARED SPECTRA
FOR OIL SPILL IDENTIFICATION
Killeen, T. J.s and Y. T. Chien
Paper 336
DESCRIPTIVE MEASURES OF DIFFERENCES IN CHEMICAL DATA FOR
OIL IDENTIFICATION
Chien, Y. T., and T. J. Killeen
Paper 337
USE OF A NITROGEN-SENSITIVE DETECTOR FOR OIL IDENTIFICATION
Flanigan, G. A.
Paper 338
CHARACTERIZATION OF SYNTHETIC FUELS BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
AND MATRIX ISOLATION SPECTROSCOPY
Wehry, E. L., G. Mamantov, R. R. Kemmerer, E. R. Hinton,
R. C. Stroupe, and G. Goldstein.
Paper 339
CHEMICAL COMPOUND TYPES IN PETROLEUM RESIDUES
McKay, J. F., P. J. Amend, T. E. Cogswell, P. M. Harnsberger,
R. B. Erickson, and D. R. Latham
Paper 340
ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Lynch, P. F., M. Ahmadjian, F. E. Franklin, and C. W. Brown
280
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Paper 394
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CONTINUOUS FLUORESCENCE
EMISSION IDENTIFICATION OF HPLC ELUENTS
Saner, W. A., J. R. Jadamec, K. Kallet, S. Cravitt, and
D. Baker
Paper 395
FLUORESCENCE AND LOW TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENCE STUDIES ON
WEATHERED OILS
Eastwood, D., M. S. Hendrick, and S. H. Fortier
Paper 396
IMPROVED IDENTIFICATION OF OILS BY LOW TEMPERATURE TOTAL
LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Brownrigg, 0. T., and A. W. Hornig
Paper 397
FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS IN OIL IDENTIFICATION BY TOTAL
LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY
Giering, L. P., and A. W. Hornig
Paper 398
IMPROVED DETECTABILITY OF OIL SPILLS BY USE OF CONCAVE
HOLOGRAPHIC GRATINGS
Todd, E. D., A. Samoun, and D. 0. Landon
Paper 399
FINGERPRINTING PETROLEUM OILS WITH LOW TEMPERATURE
DERIVATIVE FLUOROMETRY
Kolb, D. A., and K. K. Shearin
Paper 400
DETERMINATION OF PETROLEUM OILS IN SEDIMENTS BY FLUORESCENCE
SPECTROSCOPY AND NMR
Frank, U., and M. Gruenfeld
A volume of collected abstracts is available to registrants of
the conference; however, the volume is not considered a
publication and abstracting of individual papers is not
permitted.
FFI contact Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry
and Applied Spectroscopy, Suite 215, Whitehall Center,
Pittsburgh, PA 15227
April 13- Annual SPE of AIME California Regional Meeting, 47th,
15 Bakersfield, California, 1977.
Sponsored by the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME.
The conference theme, Energy, the Great Race, includes
presentations by industry and government agency representa-
tives on present and future trends in environmental regulations
that will affect California's petroleum industry.
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Oil Pollution Related Papers
SPE 6518
HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF AN OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY
ORGANIZATION
Barker, C. D.
The formation of an oil spill contingency organization
is traced from its inception in early 1977. The selection
of cleanup equipment, ongoing equipment testing programs,
equipment inventory, and the state of readiness and
future plans of the organization are discussed.
SPE 6335
FATE OF OIL AND EFFECTS ON MARINE LIFE
Lasday, A. H., and E. W. Mertens
The results of an API-sponsored, six year research
program on the fate and effects of spilled crude oil and
petroleum products on the marine environment are
summarized.
FFI contact Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, 6200
North Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206
May 2-5 Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 9th, Houston, Texas,
1977.
Sponspored by American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical
and Petroleum Engineers, American Association of Petroleum
Geologists, American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
American Society of Civil Engineers, American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, Marine Technology Society, Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Society of
Exploration Geophysicists, and Society of Naval Architects
and Marine Engineers.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session: Geologic Hazards of U.S. Outer Continental
Slope and Shelf
OTC 2733
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF UPPER CONTINENTAL SLOPE OF GULF
OF MEXICO
Garrison, L. E., T. Tatum, Jr., J. S. Booth, and S. M.
Casby
OTC-2734
EVALUATION OF GEOLOGIC HAZARDS IN OCS PETROLEUM LEASE
AREAS,SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CONTINENTAL BORDERLAND
Field, M. E., S. H. Clarke, H. G. Greene, and H. C.
Wagner
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Session: Environmental and Pollution Considerations--
Environmental Impact Studies
OTC 2752
OIL IN MARINE WATERS
Frey, M. G.
OTC 2753
MID-ATLANTIC DCS BENCHMARK STUDIES
Lynch, M. P.
OTC 2754
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, SOUTH TEXAS OUTER
CONTINENTAL SHELF: APPROACH, TECHNIQUES, RESULTS
Berryhill, H. L.
OTC 2756
OCS DEVELOPMENT IN THE SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL: LACK OF
DETECTABLE IMPACT ON FISHERIES
Hester, F. J., and R. Evans
OTC 2758
A ONE-HUNDRED-TON OIL RECOVERY VESSEL FOR BANTRY BAY
Neal, R. W., R. A. Bianchi, and E. Marcus
OTC 3039
HOW THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WILL HELP STATES DEAL WITH
ONSHORE IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE OPERATIONS
Knecht, R. W.
Session: Remote Sensing
OTC 2763
USE OF LANDSAT DATA FOR THE DETECTION OF MARINE OIL
SLICKS
Deutsch, M., and J. E. Estes
OTC 2764
MODELLING OF OIL SPILL TRAJECTORIES USING SEQUENTIAL
SATELLITE IMAGERY
McLeod, U. R., J. H. Kennedy, and D. T. Hodder
OTC 2765
NATURAL OIL SEEP DETECTION IN MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
Eyers, J. A., J. E. Forman, and G. L. Raney
Session: Blowout and Production Control
OTC 2766
NEW INNOVATIONS FOR FIGHTING BLOWOUTS
Lewis, J., R. Barnett, G. Mabie, and J. Harris
OTC 2768
A HIGH RELIABILITY OIL-FILLED CABLE HARNESS ASSEMBLY FOR
USE ON AN UNDERWATER BLOWOUT PREVENTER SYSTEM
Miller, W. C., JR., and W. M. Sowers
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OTC 2769
ELECTROMECHANICAL CABLES FOR BOP CONTROL SYSTEMS:
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Kerr, W. L., and F. Sawin
OTC 2770
REVIEW OF RELIABILITY AND PERFORMANCE OF SUBSURFACE SAFETY
VALVES
Purser, P. E.
Session: Offshore Safety
OTC 2871
SAFE, POLLUTION-FREE TESTING OF OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC WELLS
Nutter, B. P., H. L. McGiTI, B. J. Scott, and H. D.Frye
Session: Arctic Environmental Conditions and Processes
OTC 2945
STAMUKHI ZONE PROCESSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE
ARCTIC OFFSHORE AREA
Reiranitz, E., L. J. Toimil, and P. W. Barnes
OTC 2946
ALONG-SHORE COHERENCE OF WINDS ALONG THE NORTH ALASKAN
COAST FOR OIL SPILL ANALYSIS
Hufford, G. L., J. P. Welsh, and I. M. Lissauer
OTC 2949
SEA ICE THICKNESS PROFILING AND UNDER-ICE OIL ENTRAPMENT
Kovacs, A.
Session: Processing and Treating in Drilling and
Production Operations
OTC 2755
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF DRILLING MUDS AND CUTTINGS FROM
OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION OPERATIONS IN OFFSHORE AND COASTAL
WATERS
Monaghan, P. H., C. D. McAuliffe, and F. T. Weiss
OTC 3040
FATE OF DRILL CUTTINGS: IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Zingula, R. P., and D. W. Larson
FFI contact Program Manager, Offshore Technology Conference,
6200 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206.
*May 2-13 Mid-Term Expert Consultation of the Joint Coordinated
Project on Pollution in the Mediterranean, Dubrovnik,
Yugoslavia.
Sponsored by the General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean/
United Nations Environment Programme.
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FFI contact Dr. D. Charbonnier, Department of Fisheries,
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, Via delle Terme
di Caracal la, 00100 Rome, Italy
May 8-13 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, 77th,
New Orleans, Louisiana, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper Q43
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF FIN ROT IN MULLET ASSOCIATED
WITH EXPOSURE TO CRUDE OIL
Giles, R. C., and L. R. Brown.
Fin rot infections resulted in mullet (Mugil cephalus)
when they were experimentally exposed to 4.0-5.0 mg/1
crude oil concentrations in estuarine ponds. Depending
on the crude oil used, about 96-97% of the fish developed
the infection as compared to 6-7% in control ponds. This
paper reports microbiological aspects of the course of
the infection as documented from two months of observa-
tion following exposure to the oil.
Paper Q44
THE EFFECT OF PRUDHOE CRUDE OIL ON PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN
ARCTIC PONDS
Vestal, J. R., T. W. Federle, G. R. Hater, and M. C. Miller
In controlled pond experiments, soluble components of
crude oil were found to curtail or completely inhibit
primary production of phytoplankton within a few days.
As the toxic components of oil were subsequently lost,
the primary production slowly recovered, but with a
significant shift in the species dominance from Chrypto-
phytes to Chrysophytes.
Paper Q45
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL ON BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL POPULATIONS
IN FRESH WATER ARTIFICIAL PONDS
Breuil, C., and D. B. Shindler
The effects of winter under-ice crude oil spills on the
microbial population of artificial freshwater ponds were
monitored for over a year, and seasonal variations in
bacterial and fungal populations are reported.
Paper Q46
MICROBIAL CONTRIBUTION TO WASTE OIL DECOMPOSITION IN SOIL
IN AN ARID SITE
McDonald, S., and J. Skujins
Microbial aspects of the degradation of oil under arid
conditions were monitored for 3 years and correlated with
285
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biochemical changes in soil, disappearnce of the oil, l
climate, addition of N, P, and Ca nutrients, and
response in vegetation. Biodegradation was achieved
primarily by greatly enlarged populations of lipolytic
bacteria aided by some fungi; it occurred best under
aerobic conditions, elevated temperatures, and availability
of water and nitrogen. About 80% of the oil was degraded
in 3 years, leaving a humus-like organic fraction in the
soil.
Paper N63
EMULSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY BACTERIA FROM FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS
Broderick, L. S., and J. J. Cooney.
Bacteria which utilize hydrocarbons as a sole carbon
source were studied for their ability to form stable
emulsions of kerosene and water. All of the organisms
which grew on kerosene also emulsified kerosene. However,
there was no correlation between the observed emulsifying
activity and the history of hydrocarbon pollution of the
ecosystems from which the organisms were isolated.
Paper N72
EFFECT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS ON SALT MARSH MICROBIAL
COMMUNITIES
Ereditario, J. M., and F. K. Pfaender
The effects of motor oil and diesel fuel hydrocarbons
on microbial communities were studied in simulated salt
marsh ecosystems. Based on plate and epifluorescence
counts, total viable organisms initially decreased,
coincident with a relative increase of hydrocarbon
degraders. After 5 days and until the end of the experi-
ment (5 weeks), the total populations gradually increased,
coinciding with a stabilizing of the number of oil degraders,
Final species diversity index averages were about the same
as the control in the ecosystems receiving low hydrocarbon
concentrations and slightly lower in those receiving high
concentrations.
Paper Q82
INTERACTIONS OF MICROORGANISMS AND HYDROCARBONS FOLLOWING
AN ACCIDENTAL LEAKAGE OF GASOLINE INTO A FRESHWATER LAKE
AT BARROW, ALASKA
Horowitz, A., and R. M. Atlas.
After a 190,000 1 (50,000 gal) leakage of gasoline into
an arctic lake, changes in microbial communities in
surface waters and sediments were monitored,and their
ability to degrade hydrocarbons was determined in situ.
Initially, the heterotrophic bacteria decreased in number,
286
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then increased to 10 times their original number. Their
physical distribution paralleled the spread of gasoline
contamination in the lake and sediments. About 99% of
the hydrocarbons in the sediments were lost by natural
weathering and biodegradation within 5 weeks.
Paper Q83
USE OF 14c RADIOLABELLED HYDROCARBON SPIKED CRUDE OIL TO
ASSESS OIL BIODEGRADATION POTENTIAL IN THE BEAUFORT SEA
Roubal, 6., and R. M. Atlas
Ice, water, and sediment samples from the Beaufort Sea
were collected in winter and in summer and incubated
with Prudhoe crude oil spiked with T4c radiolabelled
hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon biodegradation potentials
in summer were found to be an unexpected 80% lower than
biodegradation rates from comparable sediment and water
samples taken in winter. Surface ice samples had biode-
gradation potentials that averaged 75% less than water
and sediment samples.
Paper Q84
OPTIMIZATION STUDIES ON OIL SLUDGE DISPOSAL IN SOIL
Dibble, J. T., and R. Bartha
Parameters which affect the biodegradation of oil sludge
in soil were studied in order to optimize this method
for disposing of oil storage and refinery wastes. The
greatest positive effect on the rate and extent of oil
sludge degradation resulted from a combination of a
slightly alkaline soil pH, a moderate loading rate of
10%, and a mesophilic temperature of 28°C. Using this
combination, up to 35% of ether extractable hydrocarbons
were biodegraded in 100 days.
Paper Q85
UTILIZATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY STRAINS OF
ACINETOBACTER
Kunz, D. A., and P. J. Chapman
Aromatic hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms can
be attributed in part to their ability to elaborate
enzymes of the catechol orthp and meta-fission pathways.
Two distinct modes of substrate degradation which can be
correlated with the enzymology of catabolic pathways
used by Acinetobacter are detailed, based on patterns of
hydrocarbon utilization, rates of oxidation by intact
cells,and enzyme assays. Results show that members of
the genus Acinetobacter exhibit varying abilities to
elaborate enzymes of the catechol meta-fission route as
is the case in genus Pseudomonas.
287
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A volume of collected abstracts is available as ASM Bacterio-
logical Proceedings, 1977. Abstracts of the 77th Annual
Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology.
FFI contact R. W. Sarber, American Society for Microbiology,
1913 I St., N.E., Washington, D.C. 20036.
May 9-12 API Refining Department, 42nd Midyear Meeting, Chicago,
Illinois, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Water Conservation
TRACE CONTAMINANTS IN REFINING EFFLUENTS - AN OVERVIEW
OF THE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROBLEM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Hallett, J. D.
Summary not available.
API BIOENHANCEMENT STUDY
Crame, L. W.
Several activated sludge treatment systems for refinery
wastewater treatment were evaluated to find cost-effective
methods that will meet the proposed 1983 EPA refinery
effluent limitations. It was concluded that extensive
pretreatment, followed by a high sludge age activated
sludge-powdered carbon system, more cost-effectively
produces an effluent comparable to that resulting from
tertiary granular carbon adsorption.
EFFLUENT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT BY POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON
IN REFINERY ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES
Grieves, C. G., M. K. Stenstrom, J. F. Grutsch, and
J. D. Walk
Addition of powdered activated carbon to activated sludge
processes in refinery effluent treatment can significantly
increase the effluent quality by reducing soluble organic
carbon content by as much as 50% as well as reducing
other pollutant concentrations. The benefits of activated
carbon addition were demonstrated in a 9-month pilot study
at an Amoco refinery, and the results of the study are
presented.
ARCO-EPA LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON TREAT-
MENT OF REFINERY WASTEWATERS
Knecht, A. T., Jr.
An ongoing investigation of the efficacy of activated
carbon treatment of refinery process wastewaters is
288
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described. The purpose of this research is to determine
if modifications in operating conditions of activated
sludge treatment systems, alone or with added carbon
treatment methods, can approach or meet the proposed
1983 EPA refinery effluent quality standards.
Session on Toxicity and Worker Health
A REVIEW OF THE TOXICOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE USES
OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, BASED ON API SPONSORED RESEARCH
IN PRODUCT SAFETY
Scala, R. A.
Since 1968, API has sponsored experimental studies on the
toxicology of crude oil, oil shale, and petroleum products*
including gasoline, solvents, and benzene, in order to
characterize the potential health hazards of these
materials and to determine safe exposure levels. The
results and implications of these studies are discussed.
UPDATE OF PETROLEUM REFINERY MORTALITY STUDY
Tabershaw, I. R.
An excess mortality from lymphoma was found in a 1974
epidemiologic study of petroleum refinery workers. This
study formed the basis of follow-up studies of the same
group of workers. The applicability, adequacy, conclusions,
and implications of these studies in determining the health
of a population are discussed.
FFI contact American Petroleum Institute, Publications and
Distribution Section, 2101 L Street, N. W., Washington, D.C.
20037.
May 23-27 International Coral Reef Symposium, 3rd, Miami, Florida, 1977.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OIL POLLUTION ON A RED SEA
SCLERACTINIAN CORAL POPULATION
Rinkevich, P., and Y. Loya
"Field observations and histological studies of two
populations of Stylophora pistillata in chronically oil-
polluted reefs vs. clean reefs revealed the following
detrimental effects on the polluted coral population:
Decreased viability of colonies, direct damage to gonads,
decreased production and viability of planulae and preven-
tion of successful planulae settlement."
FFI contact Reef Symposium, University of Miami, Fisher
Island, Miami, FL 33139.
289
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May 29- Annual Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics,
June 3 25th, Washington, D.C., 1977.
Sponsored by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session F: Environmental Applications
Paper F8
ANALYSIS OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY PULSED
POSITIVE NEGATIVE ION CIMS WITH OXYGEN AS THE REAGENT
GAS
Hunt, D. F., W. C. Brumley, G. C. Stafford, and F. M. Botz
Paper F10
A SORBENT EXTRACTION APPROACH FOR DESORBING ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS COLLECTED ON POROUS POLYMERS
Sherman, P. K., and G. W. Puttier
Poster Session - Tuesday: Group II. Environmental
Paper Tu9
GC/HIGH RESOLUTION MS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Shrader, S. R., and J. A. Defever
Paper Tul2
HYDROCARBONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT SURROUNDING AN ACTIVE
OILFIELD IN THE NORTHWESTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Middleditch, B. S., B. Basile, and E. S. Chang
Poster Session - Wednesday: Group I. Negative Ions
Computer Applications
Paper We22
ANALYSIS OF POLYAROMATIC HYDROCARBONS USING NEGATIVE ION
CHEMICAL IONIZATION
Prater, T. J., and T. M. Harvey
Proceedings of the conference will be published in late 1977
as a book of long abstracts available only to members of ASMS.
FFI contact Dr. K. E. McCulloh, A-145 Chemistry Bid., National
Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234.
June 1-3 International Symposium on Environmental Pollutants, Univer-
sity of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 1977.
Sponsored by the Northeastern Research Center for Wildlife
Diseases, University of Connecticut; The Registry of Compara-
tive Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; and the
Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Research
Council.
The conference subtitle is: An International Symposium on
the Pathobiology on Environmental Pollutants—Animal Models
and Wildlife as Monitors
290
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Oil Pollution Related Papers
Paper 5
EFFECTS OF CRUDE OIL INGESTION ON HERRING GULLS AND WHITE
PEKING DUCKS
Miller, D. S., D. B. Peakall, and W. N. Kinter
Paper 6
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES IN THE KILLIFISH, FUNDULUS
HETEROCLITUS. EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL
CONTAMINANTS'
Weis, P., and J. S. Weis
Paper 7
HYDROCARBON POLLUTION AND THE PREVALENCE OF NEOPLASIA IN
FERAL NEW ENGLAND SOFT-SHELL CLAMS, MYA ARENARIA
Brown, R. S., R. E. Wolke, C. W. Brown, and S. B. Saila
Paper 8
BENZO(a)PYRENE LEVELS AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASES IN BIVALVE
MOLLUSKS FROM OREGON ESTUARIES
Mix, M. C., et al.
Paper 9
THE AMERICAN OYSTER CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA AS AN INDICATOR
OF CARCINOGENS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Couch, J. A., L. Courtney, and J. Winstead
Paper 10
EVALUATION OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC AQUATIC POLLUTANTS
USING FISH AND AMPHIBIAN EGGS AS BIOASSAY AND BIOINDICATOR
ORGANISMS
Birge, W. J.
Paper 11
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE FLATFISH AS A WILDLIFE MONITOR
OF POLLUTION
Landolt, M., W. Iwaoka, K. Pierson, and S. P. Felton
Paper 19
ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE BY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS
Keller, L. D.
Paper 20
THE MOLLUSCAN KIDNEY AS A POLLUTION INDICATOR, HISTOPATHO-
LOGIC STUDIES AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Rheinberger, R. V., G. L. Hoffman, and P. P. Yevich
Paper 35
AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTANTS ON ANIMALS
Pilchard, E. I.
291
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Proceedings of the conference will be published by the
National Research Council, 2101 Constitution Ave.,
Washington, D.C. 20418
FFI contact G. Migaki, D. V. M., Registry of Comparative
Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington,
D.C. 20306.
June 6-9 Annual Conference on Trace Substances in Environmental
Health, llth, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 1977.
Sponsored by University of Missouri Environmental Trace
Substances Center, University of Missouri Extension Division;
and RANN Program, National Science Foundation.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session on Environmental Pollution :
TOXIC TRACE ELEMENTS AND OIL SHALE PRODUCTION
Chappell, W. R., and D. D. Runnells
Conference proceedings are available in a ten-volume set which
may be ordered individually. Reprints of individual papers
are not available.
FFI contact Extension Publications, 211 Whitten Hall, Univer-
sity of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201.
*Aug. 21- Annual AIBS Meeting, 28th, Michigan State University, East
26 Lansing, Michigan, 1977.
FFI contact American Institute of Biological Sciences, 1401
Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209.
*Aug. 28- Interamerican Congress of Chemical Engineering, 7th, Denver,
31 Colorado, 1977.
Sponsored by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers,
and Interamerican Congress of Chemical Engineering.
The conference includes a session on environmental pollution
and environmental aspects of tar sand processing.
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FFI contact Dr. J. N. Vera, Department of Chemical Engineering,
McGill University, P.O. Box 6070, Station A, Montreal, Quebec
H3C SGI, Canada,
*Aug.28- American Chemical Society National Meeting, 174th, Chicago,
Sept. 2 Illinois, 1977.
FFI contact A. T. Winstead, American Chemical Society,
1155 16th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 20036.
Sept. 14- The Oil Industry and Microbial Ecosystems, University of
16 Warwick, Coventry, England, 1977.
Sponsored by the Institute of Petroleum, London.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 1545: Interaction of Oil and Petrochemicals with
Microorganisms
SOIL
Blakeborough, N.
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
Author to be announced.
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Stanley, S. 0.
Session 0915: Biodegradation
BIODEGRADATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Westwood, A., and I. J. Higgins
THE ROLE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NATURAL ENVIRON-
MENT
Slater, H.
MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT OF BIODEGRADATION
deKreuk, J. F.
FFI contact Ms. L. Boothby, Conference Officer, Institute of
Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London W1M 8AR, England
*Sept. 26- International Symposium on Aquatic Pollutants,2nd,
28 Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 1977.
The conference will include about 20 papers on transport,
transformation, identification, and biological effects of
aquatic pollutants.
FFI contact G. L. Baughman. Environmental Research Laboratory,
EPA, College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30601
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Oct 2-7 Water Pollution Control Federation Annual Conference and
Exhibition, 50th, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1977.
The conference will include sessions on prevention and
control of oil and hazardous material spills and other
forms of marine pollution.
Oil Pollution Related Papers
Session 2: Industrial Case Histories
KANSAS CITY REFINERY'S WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
USING ROTATING DISC TECHNOLOGY
Godlove, J. W., W. C. McCarthy, H. H. Comstock, and R. 0.
Dunn
Session 8: Industrial Wastes
RESPONSE TO SPILLS IN ONTARIO
Belling, P. G.
MARINE SPILL ASSESSMENT, PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM -
FOR THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S PROPOSED PETROCHEMICAL
FACILITY
Bauer, D. L., and K. S. Dunbar
Session 16: International Session
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS AND THEIR
USAGE
Marum, J. P.
ARCTIC WATERS AND THEIR PROTECTION
Clare, H. H.
FFI contact Robert Dark, Conference Manager, Water Pollution
Control Federation, 2626 Pennsylvania Ave., Washington, D.C.
20037.
Oct. 3-5 Oil Spill Prevention, Control and Cleanup, 2nd Offering,
East Brunswick, New Jersey, 1977.
This is a three-day intensive course for scientists,engineers,
first-line supervisors, industrial managers and governmental
personnel.
Course Outline
First Day
SOURCES, CAUSES AND MAGNITUDE OF SPILLS
FEDERAL LEGISLATION
BIOLOGICAL FATE AND EFFECTS OF OIL
EPA SPILL PREVENTION PLAN
CLEANUP OF OIL POLLUTED SHORELINES
ROLE OF ON SCENE COORDINATOR (DCS)
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Second Day
STREAM AND RIVER CLEANUP
RECOVERY OF OIL
FIELD DEMONSTRATION
Third Day
USE OF DISPERSANTS
USE OF SORBENTS
USE OF BURNING AGENTS & SURFACE COLLECTING AGENTS
DISPOSAL OF RECOVERED OILY MATERIAL
PRACTICAL TRAINING PROBLEMS
FFI contact The Center For Professional Advancement, P.O.
Box H, East Brunswick, NJ 08816.
Oct. 4-5 ASTM Symposium on Chemical Dispersants for the Control of
Oil Spills, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1977.
Sponsored by the American Society for Testing and Materials,
Committee F-20 on Spill Control Systems.
The conference will contain technical and scientific presen-
tations including detailed descriptions of the performance and
biological effects of proprietary products. Papers will be
presented on 1) methods of application of chemical dispersants,
2) new developments in the areas of chemicals and the testing
of dispersants, 3) experiences in the use of dispersants,
4) biological effects of dispersants, 5) testing of dispersants,
and 6) criteria and guidelines for use of dispersants.
FFI contact the American Society for Testing and Materials,
1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103.
Oct. 4-8 OCEANEXPO 77, 3rd International Exhibition on the Exploitation
of the Ocean, Bordeaux, France, 1977.
The Exhibition will include displays of equipment for pollution
control and combat including mobile dams, booms, and related
equipment; pollution monitoring, measuring and surveillance
devices; and specialized vessels.
FFI contact TECHNOEXPO, 8 Rue de la Michodiere, 75002 Paris,
France
Oct. 11-14 Oil/Environment 1977: Long Term Recovery Potential of Cold
Water Marine Environments after Oil Spills, Dartmouth, Nova
Scotia, 1977.
Sponsored by Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia.
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Focus of the Symposium will be on invited papers concerning
the 1969 West Falmouth spill and the 1970 Chedabucto Bay
spill, with additional papers drawn from other similar
studies. Topics to be considered include the following:
1. chemical alteration of stranded or sediment-bound oil;
2 degradation of stranded and sediment-bound oil by micro-
bial and other means;
3. long-term fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the marine
system;
4. alteration of population and community structure after
oiling;
5. physiological studies of chronically oiled marine
organisms.
FFI contact Dr. John H. Vandermeulen, Oil/Environment 1977
programme coordinator, Marine Ecology Laboratory, Bedford
Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
296
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Master List of Keywords
S:
SA:
See
See also
Absorption
Activated sludge
Acute effects
Adriatic Sea
Adsorption
Aegean Sea
Africa
Alabama
Alaska
Alaska coast
Alaska, Gulf of
Algae ... SA: Phytoplankton
Analytical techniques ...
SA: Chemical analysis; Source
identification
Animals
Annelids ... SA: Polychaetes
Antarctica
API
Arabian Sea
Arcti c
Arctic Ocean
Argentina
Argo Merchant Spill
Aromatic hydrocarbons ...
SA: Hydrocarbons; PAH
Asia
Atlantic coast
Atlantic Ocean
Australia
Bacteria
Bahamas
Ballast
Baltic Sea
Bantry Bay
Barent Sea
Baseline studies
Beaches
Beaufort Sea
Behavior
Belgium
Bengal, Bay of
Benthos
Bering Sea
Bermuda coast
Bibliographies
Bilges
Biodegradation
Biological effects ... SA:
Toxicity; Acute effects;
Chronic effects
Biomass
Birds
Biscay, Bay of
Black Sea
BLH
Blowout prevention
Booms
Brazil
California
California coast
California, Southern
Canada
Carcinogens ... SA: Health hazards; PAH
Caribbean Sea
Caspian Sea
Chedabucto Bay
Chemical analysis ... SA: Analytical
techniques; Source identification
Chemical effects
Chesapeake Bay
Chile
China
Chromatography
Chronic effects
Coagulation
Coalescence
Coasts
Colorado
Compensation
Connecticut
Conservation
Containment
Contaminants
Contamination
Contingency planning
Coral reefs
Cost analysis
Crankcase oil
Crude oil
Crustaceans
Decomposition
Delaware
Delaware Bay
297
-------
Denmark
Design and engineering
Detection ... SA: Monitoring;
Chemical analysis
Development ... SA: Offshore
development
Dispersants
Dispersions
Disposal ... SA: Waste oil
disposal; Wastewater
disposal
Distillation
Distribution
Drift ... SA: Movement;
Spreading
Drilling ... SA: Offshore
drilling; Oil wells
East China Sea
Echinoderms
Economic effects
Economics
Ecosys terns
Ecuador
Effluent treatment ... S:
Wastewater treatment
EIS
Emulsification
Emulsifiers
Emulsions
Engineering ... S: Design and
engineering
England
English Channel
Environmental deterioration
Environmental effects
Environmental Impact Statement ...
S: EIS
Environmental management
Environmental protection
EPA
ERDA
Europe
Evaporation
Exploration ... SA: Offshore
exploration; Production
Extraction
Fate
FEA
Filtration ... SA: Flocculation
Finland
Fish
Fisheries
Flocculation ... SA: Filtration
Florida
Florida coast
Flotation
Food web
Foreign governments
Fossil fuels
France
Freshwater
Fuel oil
Fuels
Fungi
Gas, liquid chromatography ...
S: Chromatography
Gasoline
Georgia
Germany, East
Germany, West
Gibraltar, Strait of
Government agencies ... SA: U.S.
Government, State governments
Great Lakes
Groundwater
Guidelines ... SA: Manuals
Habitat
Harbors
Health hazards ... SA: Carcinogens
Hydrocarbons ... SA: Aromatic
hydrocarbons; Crude oil, PAH
Ice
IMCO
Incineration
India
Indian Ocean
Indonesia
Industries ... SA: Oil industry
Information systems
Infrared spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Inland
Insurance
International agreements
International conventions ...
SA: Regulations; Legislation
Intertidal zone
Invertebrates
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Israel
298
-------
Italy
Japan
Japan, Sea of
Kentucky
Korea
Kuwait
Labrador Sea
Lakes ... SA: Great Lakes
Latin America
Law enforcement
Leakage
Legislation ... SA: Regulations;
International conventions
Liability
Louisiana
Lubricating oil
Magellan, Strait of
Mai ne
Malaysia
Manuals ... SA: Guidelines
Marine mammals
Marine organisms
Marshes
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mass spectroscopy ...
S: Spectroscopy
Mediterranean Sea
Metabolism
Metula spill
Mexico
Mexico, Gulf of
Michigan
Microorganisms ... SA: Algae;
Bacteria; Fungi; Yeasts
Middle East
Mississippi
Mississippi River
Models
Mollusks
Monitoring ... SA: Detection;
Remote sensing; Sampling
Movement ... SA: Spreading;
Drift
Narraganset Bay
Natural seepage
Netherlands
Neuston
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
Niche
North Carolina
North Sea
North Vietnam
Norway
Norwegian Sea
Oceans
OCS
Offshore development
Offshore drilling
Offshore exploration
Offshore pipelines
Offshore production
Ohio
Oil ... S: Crude oil; Fuel oil;
Lubricating oil; Crankcase oil;
Waste oil
Oil discharges
Oil fields ... SA: Production
Oil-gas leasing
Oil industry
Oil shale
Oil slicks
Oil spills
Oil tanks
Oil transfer
Oil transport
Oil-water separation ... SA: Wastewater
treatment
Oil wells ... SA: Drilling; Production;
Offshore drilling; Offshore production
Okhotsk, Sea of
Onshore impacts
Oregon
Oxidation ... SA: Biodegradation;
Weathering
Pacific Ocean
PAH
Patent
Pennsylvania
Personnel training
Petroleum ... S: Crude oil
Petroleum products
Petrochemicals
Petroleum industry ... S: Oil industry
pH control
Philippines
Physical effects
Phytoplankton
Pipelines ... SA: Offshore pipelines
299
-------
Plankton ... SA: Phytoplankton;
Zooplankton
Plants
PI atforms
Poland
Pollution control
Pollution prevention ... SA:
Environmental protection;
Contingency planning
Polychaetes
Ports
Portugal
Precipitation
Production ... SA: Offshore
production; Drilling;
Offshore drilling
Prudhoe Bay
Puerto Rico
Puget Sound
Reclamation ... SA: Recycling;
Reuse
Recycling ... SA: Reclamation;
Reuse
Red Sea
Refineries
Refining
Regulations ... SA: Legislation;
International conventions
Release
Remote Sensing ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
Resource management
Restoration
Reuse ... SA: Reclamation;
Recycling
Rhine River
Rhode Island
Rivers
Ross Sea
Safety
Sampling ... SA: Monitoring;
Detection
San Francisco Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
Sargasso Sea
Saudi Arabia
Scotland
Seawater
Sedimentation
Sediments
Segregated ballast
Ships ... SA: Tankers
Shorelines
Sinking agents
Skimmers
Sludge
Social effects
Socio-economic effects
Soil
Solid wastes
Solubility
Solution
Solvents
Source identification
Sources
South Africa
South Carolina
South China Sea
Spain
Spectrometry
Spectrescopy
Spill cleanup
Spill disposal
Spill recovery
Spreading ... SA: Movement; Drift
St. Lawrence River
Standing Crop
State Governments ... SA: U.S.
Government; Government agencies
Statistical analysis
Statistics
Storage
Streams
Subarctic regions
Superports ... S: Ports
Supertankers ... S: Tankers
Surfactants
Surveillance
Sweden
Sy ri a
Tankers ... SA: Ships
Tar
Tar sands
Texas
Torrey Canyon
Toxicity ... SA: Biological effects
Tropical regions
Turkey
UK
Uptake
U.S.
USCG
U.S. Government ... SA: State governments;
Government agencies
300
-------
USGS
USSR
Vegetation
Venezuela
Vietnam
Virginia
Virgin Islands
Wales
Washington
Waste oil
Waste oil disposal ... SA: Disposal
Waste oil treatment
Wastewaters
Wastewater disposal ... SA: Disposal
Wastewater treatment
Water quality
Weathering
Weddell Sea
West Indies
Wildlife
Yeasts
Yugoslavia
Zooplankton
301
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
THE SUBJECT INDEX IS A PERMUTED INDEX THAT LISTS ALPHABETICALLY THE KEYWORDS AND
CORRESPONDING CITATION INDEX NUMBER ASSIGNED TO EACH ABSTRACT IN SECTION I (EACH INDEX NUMBER
APPEARS IN THE FORM C- -77). THESE KEYWORDS ARE SELECTED FROM THE MASTER LIST, P. 256.
FREE LANGUAGE TERMS WHICH ARE INCLUDED TO GIVE MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT AN ENTRY ARE
PRECEDED BY A * SIGN IN' THE SUBJECT INDEX.
11*7 ABSORPTION SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, "SORBENT PADS,
11^5 ABSORPTION SPILL CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT,
111(1 ABSORPTION SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "FERROMAGNETIC FOAM,
1151 ABSORPTION SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1165 ABSORPTION SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, *SOREENT BROADCASTER,
1168 ABSORPTION SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL , *COTTON SORBENT,
1171 ABSORPTION SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, *GLASS FIBER BLANKETS,
1176 ABSORPTION SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "ABSORBENT POLYMERS,
1177 ABSORPTION SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT, "ABSORBENT POWDER,
1162 ABSORPTION SPILL CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, SEAWATER, PATENT,
1165 ABSORPTION CRUDE OIL, SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SORBENTS,
1191 ABSORPTION EMULSIONS, PATENT, "POLYURETHANE FOAM CHIPS,
12Ug ABSORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, CONTAMINANTS, "PEAT MOSS,
1232 ABSORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, PETROCHEMICALS,
1283 ABSORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL SLICKS, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "POLYURETHANE,
12Q6 ABSORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "COAL ASH,
1'07 ABSORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, "POWDERED STEEL-MELTING SLAG,
157' ABSORPTION OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, ICE, SOLUBILITY, BEHAVIOR, CLEANUP, ARCTIC,
11C6 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1262 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, 'WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1272 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OXIDATION, PATENT,
1239 ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, SOURCES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "OXIDATION
LAGOONS, "ACTIVATED CARBON,
1363 ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, "CANCER
MAGISTER DANA, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
1369 ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CORALS, RED SEA, "HETEROXENIA FUSCESCENS,
1370 ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA,
1373 ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, "SEALS, "PHOCA VITULINA,
1364 ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, WILDLIFE, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1390 ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, BEHA-VIOR, ZOOPLANKTOH, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
1395 ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, FISH, "REDEAR SUNFISH,
1399 ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, "FATHEAD MINNOWS,
1U11 ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, METABOLISM,
ALASKA,
1119 ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FISH, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA/GULF
OF, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1H20 ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, MARINE MAMMALS, "PINGED SEALS,
112U ACUTE EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, "HONG KONG,
1133 ACUTE EFFECTS, DISPERSAHTS, TOXICITY, FISH, SOLVENTS, "FISH LARVAE,
150t ACUTE EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, FISH, ARCTIC, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
1505 ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE, COASTS,
CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA/GULF OF, BASELINE STUDIES,
1561 ACUTE EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATICM, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, UPTAKE, METABOLISM, BEAUFORT SEA,
ALASKA/GULF OF, BASELINE STUDIES,
1595 ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,'NORTH SEA,
1139 ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, BOOMS, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1163 ADSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT,
1192 ADSORPTION, PATENT, "POLYURETHAHE FOAM,
1281 ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, FILTRATION,
1065 ALABAMA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, OCS, ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
MISSISSIPPI,
1036 ALASKA, MONITORING, "STREAMFLOW, ESTUARIES, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1059 ALASK; , MONITORING, »WIND CONDITIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE, CONTAMINANTS,
COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1062 ALASKA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, FATE, OCS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1063 ALASKA, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, INTEPTIDAL ZONE, "PORT
V4LDEZ,
1072 ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING, OCS, OFFSHORE* DEVELOPMENT, FATE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
1218 ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "VALDEZ NARROWS,
1224 ALASFH, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "VALDEZ
NARROWS.
3.02
-------
ZONE, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1546 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1561 ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, EIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, UPTAKE,
METABOLISM, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1566 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, BACTERIA, NEUSTON, BLACK SEA, CASPIAN SEA,
A £j W V OCi n •
1588 ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, BASELINE STUDIES, *CCEAN
CIRCULATION,
1591 ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, FATE, OCS. BASELINE STUDIES, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, *FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1632 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FISH, *NON-SALMONID PELA'GIC FISHES, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES,
1318 ALGAE, ICE, PHYTOPLANKTON, BEAUFORT SEA, "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, »OIL-UHDER-ICE,
1356 ALGAE, ALASKA, PLANTS, 'LICHENS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
1360 ALGAE, METULA SPILL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, MOLLUSKS, FISHERIES, MAGELLAN/STRAIT
OF,
1404 ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, UPTAKE, "PHOTOSYNTHESIS, "RESPIRATION,
1429 ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, METABOLISM, "NAPHTHALENE, '
1434 ALGAE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, "GROWTH RATES, "PHENALEN-1-ONE,
1627 ALGAE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1049 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, SPECTROMETRY, DETECTION, BILGES, BALLAST, WASTE
OIL, "SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETRY,
1054 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1090 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, MONITORING, TOXICITY,
1094 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1096 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, WASTEWATERS,
SAMPLING, "ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
1101 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, "WATER
POLLUTANTS,
1105 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION, SOLVENTS,
EXTRACTION,
1111 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, SPECTROMETRY, "POLLUTANT CLASSIFICATION,
"COMPUTER-SPECTROMETER SYSTEM,
1112 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION, SEAWATER, "NAPHTHENIC ACIDS,
1113 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, "X-RAY FLUORESCENCE,
1116 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, GERMANY, EAST,
"SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, "COLORIMETRY,
1117 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PiH, LAKES, SEDIMENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
1121 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
SEDIMENTS, LAKES, "FLUORESCENCE,
1125 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, "LUMINESCENCE CONTOUR SPECTRA,
1129 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, "TAR BALLS, SAMPLING,
CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING, ISRAEL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
1130 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, "US BUREAU OF MINES,
1417 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
"SPIN-LABELING TECHNIQUES,
1465 ANIMALS, OIL SLICKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, "OXYGEN EXCHANGE,
"TEMPERATURE, "LIGHT REDUCTION, "ROCK POOLS,
1119 API, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1353 API, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1400 API, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1468 API, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE,
1142 ARCTIC, OIL WELLS, "BLOWOUTS, SPILL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, ICE, CANADA,
1188 ARCTIC, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, CRUDE OIL, FRESHWATER, ICE, "LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1204 ARCTIC, OIL TRANSFER, SHIPS, "PUMPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "ADAPTS,
1310 ARCTIC, SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL , BEHAVIOR, DETECTION, "ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL
PROGRAM,
1356 ARCTIC, ALGAE, ALASKA, PLANTS, "LICHENS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
1376 ARCTIC, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "PRUDHOE BAY,
1409 ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, BENTHOS, "AMPHIPODS,
"ISOPODS,
1410 ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR,
METABOLISM,
1411 ARCTIC, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, INVERTEBRATES, "AMPHIPOD, "COELENTERATE,
1504 ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, FISH, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
1523 ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CLEANUP, ICE, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1547 ARCTIC, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS,
303
-------
1225 ALASKA, SPILL DISPOSAL, STORAGE, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL,
1227 ALASKA, PIPELINES, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION,
LIABILITY,
n56 ALASKA, PLANTS, "LICHENS, ALGAE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
1368 ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, »CANCER
MAGISTER DANA, *HATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
1370 ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
n?6 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ARCTIC, *PRUDHOE BAY,
1378 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, METABOLISM, "PHYSIOLOGY,
"PINNIPEDS,
1395 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FISH, *LIVER AND SKIM TISSUES,
1396 ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
"BIOTRANSFORMATION,
1414 ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
METABOLISM,
1415 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, "RESPIRATION RATE, »ONCORHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA,
1426 ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSFTS, SEDIMENTS, "CLAMS, "INDICATOR
SPECIES, "MACO.MA BALTHICA,
1447 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, MODELS,
1470 ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, BIRDS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRUDHOE
BAY, "TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1491 ALASKA, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BASELINE STUDIES,
1501 ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, "SEA
OTTERS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1502 ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, HABITAT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
*SEA OTTERS,
1520 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, "GEOLOGY,
"HYDROLOGY, "YUKON DELTA,
1533 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, BIRDS,
1534 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1541 ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1574 ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ICE, COASTS, ARCTIC OCEAN, "OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
1590 ALASKA, MODELS, "CIRCULATION, OCS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, "TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
1597 ALASKA, "OCEAN CIRCULATION, OCS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BASELINE
STUDIES,
1047 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, OCEANS, "CIRCULATION PATTERNS, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1060 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BASELINE STUDIES,
1061 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "MARINE CLIMATOLOGY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1207 ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, ECONOMICS, STORAGE, TANKERS,
PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, "RISK ANALYSIS,
1350 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, "PRIMARY
PRODUCTION, FOOD WEB, BASELINE STUDIES,
1387 ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCS, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "CLAMS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1419 ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FISH, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1475 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
DISTRIBUTION, "SEA LIONS, "ECOLOGY, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1480 ALASKA/GULF OF, ZOOPLANKTON, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1481 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, PLANKTON, "ICHTHYOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1484 ALASKA/GULF OF, BENTHOS, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY, BERING SEA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1485 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, BENTHOS, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY, STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1487 ALASKA/GULF OF, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES,
1497 ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, "FISH DISEASES,
1499 ALASKA/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FISH, "SHELLFISH, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1500 ALASKA/GULF OF, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
CONTAMINANTS, FOOD WEB, "ECOLOGY, "HARBOR SEAL,
1503 ALASKA/GULF OF, FISH, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES,
1505 ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL
304
-------
MONITORING, "AMPHIPODS,
1573 ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, ICE, SOLUBILITY, BEHAVIOR, CLEANUP,
1594 ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, ICE, MONITORING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, WEATHERING, SPILL CLEANUP,
162" ARCTIC, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL TRANSFER, STORAGE,
SPILL DISPOSAL, BIODEGRADATION, ICE,
1629 ARCTIC, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC
REGIONS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1574 ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ICE, COASTS, *OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
1013 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
1014 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, "LIBERIAN REGISTRY,
1022 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, SPILL CLEANUP,
LIABILITY,
1025 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, TANKERS, *LIEERIAN FLAG OF CONVENIENCE,
1027 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, USCG, *NEW ENGLAND,
1226 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SAFETY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, LIAB-ILITY, USCG,
MEXICO/GULF OF, *FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
144U ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FATE, ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1524 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL-GAS LEASING, ATLANTIC OCEAN, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, ELM, *GEORGES BANK,
1579 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
CONTAMINATION, NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
1581 ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, FATE, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
MODELS, MOVEMENT, NOAA, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
1067 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
*COLCRIMETRY,
1101 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, "WATER
POLLUTANTS,
1107 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CARCINOGENS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, "ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS,
1121 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIOUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROSCOPY,
SEDIMENTS, LAKES, "FLUORESCENCE,
1282 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
1367 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1416 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "NAPHTHAtENE,
"NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA,
1567 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
1062 ATLANTIC COAST, SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1355 ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SHORELINES, "WWII SPILLS,
1386 ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, WWII SPILLS, TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MOVEMENT,
1515 ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL WELLS, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
1539 ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
1563 ATLANTIC COAST, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, "OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1596 ATLANTIC COAST, FATE, OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, EIS, "SUSPENDED MATTER,
1087 ATLANTIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, TAR, CARIBBEAN .SEA,
1441 ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1478 ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EIS, OCS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "GEORGES BANK,
1524 ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, ELM, "GEORGES BANK,
1554 ATLANTIC OCEAN, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1579 ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, NOAA,
1581 ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL. FUEL OIL, FATE, CONTAMINATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, MODELS, MOVEMENT, NOAA,
1102 BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS, 8IODEGRADATION, COASTS, FLORIDA,
1263 BACTERIA, OIL WELLS, DRILLING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, BIODEGRADATION, FLOCCULATION,
PATENT,
1367 BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1382 BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, "REFINED OIL, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, WEATHERING,
1385 BACTERIA, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL,' FUEL OIL, COASTS, CANADA, "GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1392 BACTERIA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, BIODEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, PHYTOPLANKTON, FRANCE,
1548 BACTERIA, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, "LYSIS, "IONIC CONCENTRATION,
1549 BACTERIA, EIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, "IONIC
CONCENTRATION, "DETERGENTS,
1550 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, MONITORING,
1551 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, SPILL CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1555 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, NARRAGANSETT BAY, "GROWTH STUDIES,
1558 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
1560 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, COASTS, "COASTAL WATERS, SEDIMENTS, BLACK SEA, USSR,
305
-------
1561 BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, UPTAKE,
METABOLISM, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1562 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSIONS, WEATHERING,
1561 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1565 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, ESTUARIES, "CYCLOHEXANE,
1566 BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, BIODFGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, NEUSTON, BLACK SEA, CASPIAN SEA,
*AZOV SEA,
1567 BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
1568 BACTERIA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
1627 BACTERIA, ALGAE, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, HYEROCARBONS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1033 BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, *OIL-WATER INTERFACE,
1036 BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, BILGES, SHIPS,
1039 BALLAST, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS, PATENT, "SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
1012 BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1019 BALLAST, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, SPECTROMETRY, DETECTION, BILGES, WASTE
OIL, 'SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETRY,
1026 BALTIC SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, UK, USSR, *JOINT UK/USSR COMMITTEE,
1057 BALTIC SEA, MONITORING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NORTH SEA, NORWEGIAN SEA,
1073 BALTIC SEA, REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, *WIND EFFECTS, "WAVE EFFECTS,
1379 BALTIC SEA, BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, STATISTICS, "MORTALITY,
1425 BALTIC SEA, CRUDE OIL, BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, STATISTICS, "MORTALITY, "GDANSK BAY,
1152 BALTIC SEA, ECOSYSTEMS, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1031 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE,
CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1031 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS', HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
"POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1035 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, MOLLUSKS, PUGET SOUND, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, NOAA,
1038 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, "STREAMFLOW, ESTUARIES, COASTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1040 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BERING SEA, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1043 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
"CELTIC SEA,
1059 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, "WIND CONDITIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE,
CONTAMINANTS, COASTS,
1060 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1061 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "MARINE CLIMATOLOGY, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
1062 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, FATE, OCS,
1350 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL
SPILLS, "PRIMARY PRODUCTION, FOOD WEB,
1387 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCS, MOLLUSKS,
HABITAT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "CLAMS,
1464 BASELINE STUDIES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, "COASTAL IMPACTS,
1467 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON, ICE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, FOOD WEB, BERING SEA,
1469 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, FISHERIES, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1471 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HABITAT, MARINE ORGANISMS, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1473 BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, "SPOTTED SEAL,
1474 BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT,
ICE, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
1477 BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BENTHOS, DISTRIBUTION,
BEAUFORT SEA,
1479 BASELINE STUDIES, ZOOPLANKTON, "MICRONEKTON, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
1480 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ZOOPLANKTON, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1481 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, PLANKTON,
•ICHTHYOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1182 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PLANKTON, DISTRIBUTION, BEAUFORT SEA, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
1183 BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BERING SEA,
"MORTALITY,
1485 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, BENTHOS, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1486 BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, BENTHOS, OIL
SPILLS, BERING SEA,
1187 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
306
-------
DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION,
1488 BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL
SPILLS, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE MAMMALS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
11489 BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS,
DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, 'WHALES,
1490 BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, MARINE
MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA,
1491 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1492 BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FISH, FISHERIES,
HABITAT, BERING SEA, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1494 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1497 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, "FISH DISEASES,
1498 BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
1499 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FISH, "SHELLFISH, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1501 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, *SEA OTTERS,
1503 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISH, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BERING SEA,
1505 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
1523 BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CLEANUP, ICE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1533 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, BIRDS,
1534 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OCS,
1545 BASELINE STUDIES, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OCS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1546 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1561 BASELINE STUDIES, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, EIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL,
UPTAKE, METABOLISM, BEAUFORT SEA,
1588 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION,
1590 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MODELS, "CIRCULATION, OCS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, "TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
1591 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, FATE, OCS, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, "FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1597 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "OCEAN CIRCULATION, OCS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1629 BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
1632 BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FISH, "NON-SALMONID PELACIC FISHES,
BERING SEA,
1108 BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, SCOTLAND,
1084 BEACHES, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, REFINERIES, CONTAMINATION, SEDIMENTS,
1336 BEACHES, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL WELLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, DISPOSAL , RESTORATION, BEAUFORT
SEA,
1556 BEACHES, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, OXIDATION, "BEACH GRAVEL,
1031 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, FATE, CONTAMINANTS,
1061 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "MARINE CLIMATOLOGY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
1070 BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, TAR, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS,
1088 BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEAWATER, FISH, PLANKTON,
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
n36 BEAUFORT SEA, BEACHES, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL WELLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, DISPOSAL ,
RESTORATION,
1337 BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, DETECTION, MONITORING, DISPOSAL ,
"EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
1348 BEAUFORT SEA, ALGAE, ICE, PHYTOPLANKTOW, "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, "OIL-UNDER-ICE,
1469 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, FISHERIES, DISTRIBUTION,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1471 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HABITAT, MARINE ORGANISMS, COASTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1472 BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BERING SEA, "BEARDEJ3 AND RINGED SEALS, "ECOLOGY,
1474 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE
MAMMALS, HABITAT, ICE, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA,
1476 BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, BENTHOS, FOOD WEB,
1477 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BENTHOS,
307
-------
DISTRIBUTION,
1U79 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ZOOPLANKTON, *MICRONEKTON, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BERING SEA,
1482 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PLANKTON, DISTRIBUTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
11(88 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL-GAS
LEASING, OIL SPILLS, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE MAMMALS, BERING SEA,
1495 BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, OCS,
DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, *SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1497 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, BERING SEA, *FISH' DISEASES,
152^ BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CLEANUP, ICE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1531 BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, BIRDS, FISH,
1545 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1553 BEAUFORT SEA, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1561 BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1592 BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, MOVEMENT, "IMPACT LOCATIONS,
1630 BEAUFORT SEA, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
1340 BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL , DETECTION, "ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL
PROGRAM,
H72 BEHAVIOR, TOXICITY, CONTAMINANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
H90 BEHAVIOR, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, ZOOPLANKTON, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
1410 BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
METABOLISM,
1569 BEHAVIOR, CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, COALESCENCE, EMUSIFICATION, ICE, RIVERS,
1573 BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, ICE', SOLUBILITY, CLEANUP,
1032 BENTHOS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, SEDIMENTS, UK, "SUBLITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1099 BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTION, OCS, TEXAS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
1361 BENTHOS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, BLACK SEA, "SHRIMP,
"ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1409 BENTHOS, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SEDIMENTS, "AMPHIPODS,
"ISOPODS,
1461 BENTHOS, SEDIMENTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, "ANIMAL-SEDIMENT
RELATIONSHIPS,
1476 BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FOOD WEB,
1477 BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION,
1484 BENTHOS, ALASKA/GULF OF, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY, BERING SEA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1485 BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY,
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1486 BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL
SPILLS, BERING SEA,
1491 BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1493 BENTHOS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANKTON, OCS, ECOSYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1040 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1061 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "MARINE
CLIMATOLOGY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1370 BERING SEA, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1467 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON, ICE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FOOD WEB,
1472 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "BEARDED AND RINGED SEALS, "ECOLOGY,
1473 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, "SPOTTED SEAL,
1474 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, ICE, DISTRIBUTION,
1479 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ZOOPLANKTON, "MICRONEKTON, DISTRIBUTION,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1483 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"MORTALITY,
1484 BERING SEA, BENTHOS, ALASKA/GULF OF, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1486 BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
1488 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL SPILLS, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE MAMMALS,
1489 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE
308
-------
MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, "WHALES,
1490 PEKING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. OIL-GAS
LEASING, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION,
1492 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FISH,
FISHERIES, HABITAT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1495 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
OCS, DISTRIBUTION, *SEAL3, *TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1497 BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, FISH,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, *FISH DISEASES,
1498 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1503 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISH, FOOD WEE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1505 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE
ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE, COASTS, CHPONIC EFFECTS,
1593 BERING SEA, "CIRCULATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, CONTAMINATION, FOOD WEB, FISHERIES,
•BRISTOL BAY,
1632 BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, FISH, "NON-SALMONID
PELAGIC FISHES,
1482 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PLANKTON, DISTRIBUTION,
162" BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL TRANSFER, STORAGE,
SPILL DISPOSAL, EIODEGRADATIOM, ICE,
1625 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1626 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1627 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BACTERIA, ALGAE, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1528 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, 'ENDANGERED SPECIES,
•WATER POLLUTION,
1629 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
1630 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
1631 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ESTUARIES, COASTS, CONTAMINATION,
1632 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISH, *NON-SALMONID
PELAGIC FISHES,
1633 BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1036 BILGES, BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
10M BILGES, BALLAST, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, SPEtTROMETRY, DETECTION, WASTE
OIL, "SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTFOMETRY,
1065 BILGES, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, SHIPS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *OIL-IN-WATER
DETECTOR,
1232 BILGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL TANKS, SPILL RECOVERY, *DEMULSIFYING
AGENTS,
1264 BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, "TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATIQN SYSTEM,
1273 BILGES, SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "DEMULSIFICATION,
1*00 BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, "PEAT,
1301 BILGES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, MONITORING, TANKERS, RHINE RIVER, "COMPUTER SURVEILLANCE,
1102 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, COASTS, FLORIDA,
1160 .BIODEGRADATION, SPILL DISPOSAL, SOIL, MICROORGANISMS, PATENT,
1175 EIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, SPILL CLEANUP, MICROORGANISMS, PATENT, "NUTRIENT PARTICLES,
126? BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL WELLS, DRILLING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
PATENT,
n92 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, PHYTOPLANKTON, FRANCE,
1394 BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, SOIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUNGI,
154U BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, "APSHES, ESTUARIES,
1545 BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1546 BIODEGPADATION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/OULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1547 BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS,
MONITORING, "AMPHIPODS,
1548 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, "LYSIS, "IONIC CONCENTRATION,
1549 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, "IONIC
CONCENTRATION, "DETERGENTS,
1550 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, MONITORING,
1551 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, SPILL CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1552 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1553 BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1554 BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1555 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, NARPAGANSETT BAY, "GROWTH STUDIES,
1556 BIODEGRADATION, BEACHES, CRUDF OIL, MICROORGANISMS, OXIDATION, "BEACH GRAVEL,
309
-------
1557 BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FUELS, MICROORGANISMS,
1558 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM,
1559 BIODEGRADATION, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1560 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, COASTS, 'COASTAL WATERS, SEDIMENTS, BLACK SEA, USSR,
1561 BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE
EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1562 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSIONS, WEATHERING,
1563 BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, "OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1561 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1565 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, ESTUARIES, 'CYCLOHEXANE,
1566 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SLICKS, NEUSTON, BLACK SEA, CASPIAN SEA,
*AZOV SEA,
1567 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
CHESAPEAKE BAY,
1568 BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
1589 BIODEGRADATION, CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, SEDIMENTS, »PARRAMATTA RIVER, *MUDS,
1621 BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL
TRANSFER, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, ICE,
1627 BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BACTERIA, ALGAE, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1029 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
1082 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, SEAWATER,
SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1203 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCES, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1350 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL
SPILLS, 'PRIMARY PRODUCTION, FOOD WEB,
ng3 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, CRUDE OIL,.MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1356 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALGAE, ALASKA, PLANTS, "LICHENS, CRUDE OIL,
1358 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, PORTS, UK,
'MILFORD HAVEN, »OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1359 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, MARSHES, SHORELINES, VEGETATION, UK,
1360 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, .ALGAE, METULA SPILL, BIRDS, MOLLUSKS, FISHERIES, MAGELLAN/STRAIT
OF,
1363 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL REGIONS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
CORALS,
1365 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, MARSHES, »SPECISS REDUCTION,
1367 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
1371 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, VEGETATION, MARSHES, UK, 'SALTMARSH,
n71 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, *WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
1378 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, MARINE MAMMALS, METABOLISM, 'PHYSIOLOGY,
•PINNIPEDS,
1380 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CORALS, "GROWTH, *GREAT BARRIER REEF,
1381 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL., BIRDS, 'YOLK STRUCTURE, *EGG HATCHABILITY,
1383 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MOLLUSKS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, 'TOLERANCE
VARIABILITY, »LITTORINA,
1387 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, OCS, MOLLUSKS,
HABITAT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, *CLAMS,
1388 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, 'LARVAE, 'OXYGEN UPTAKE , 'MERETRIX LUSORIA,
1389 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARSHES, 'ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, 'DIATOMS,
1393 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, DISPERSANTS, POLYCHAETES, UK, 'ARENICOLA MARINA L,
'MILFORD HAVEN,
1391 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, SOIL, FUNGI,
1396 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
'BIOTRANSFORMATION,
1100 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS, NATURAL SEEPAGE,
CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1101 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION,
1102 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS," PORTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, MARSHES, METULA
SPILL, UK, 'MILFORD HAVEN,
1101 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, METABOLISM, UPTAKE, 'PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 'RESPIRATION,
1405 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, 'METABOLIC INTERACTIONS,
1106 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FOOD WEB, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1107 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1108 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, PLANTS, FOOD WEB, 'PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 'ZOSTERA MARINA,
1109 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, CRUSTACEANS, SEDIMENTS, 'AMPHIPODS,
'ISOPODS,
1110 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES,
METABOLISM,
1112 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, 'DINOFLAGELLATES, 'DIATOMS,
1117 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
'SPIN-LABELING TECHNIQUES,
1118 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, LAKES, PHYTOPLANKTON, 'OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE EXHAUST
310
-------
1422 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, *CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
1426 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, *CLAMS, 'INDICATOR
SPECIES, »MACOMA BALTHICA,
1429 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, "NAPHTHALENE,
1432 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
1435 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, *CLAMS,
1436 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, MOLLUSKS, "CLAMS,
1444 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1449 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, TANKERS, CONTAMINATION, FATE, DISPERSANTS,
1459 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, "BOOK
REVIEW,
1465 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, OIL SLICKS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, *OXYGEN EXCHANGE,
•TEMPERATURE, *LIGHT REDUCTION, "ROCK POOLS,
1467 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON, ICE,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB,
1469 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, FISHERIES,
DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1471 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HABITAT, MARINE
ORGANISMS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1472 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "BEARDED AND RINGED SEALS, "ECOLOGY,
1473 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, "SPOTTED SEAL,
1474 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, ICE, DISTRIBUTION,
1475 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
DISTRIBUTION, "SEA LIONS, "ECOLOGY, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1476 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FOOD WEB,
1477 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION,
1478 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EIS, OCS, "GEORGES BANK,
1480 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ZOOPLANKTON, MONITORING,
DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1481 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION,
PLANKTON, "ICHTHYOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1484 BIOLOGICAL EFFEATS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, ALASKA/GULF OF, DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1485 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING,
DISTRIBUTION, "PRODUCTIVITY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1486 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OIL
TRANSPORT OIL SPILLS
1487 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION,
1488 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL SPILLS, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE MAMMALS,
1489 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE
MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, "WHALES,
1490 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS
LEASING, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION,
1492 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FISH,
FISHERIES, HABITAT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1494 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1495 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
OCS, DISTRIBUTION, "SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1498 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, MARINE
ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1499 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISHERIES, FISH, "SHELLFISH,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1500 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
CONTAMINANTS, FOOD I.EE, "ECOLOGY, "HARBOR SEAL,
1501 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
DISTRIBUTION, "SEA OTTERS,
1503 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISH, FOOD WEB,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1542 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1553 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, CRUDE OIL, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1579 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, FATE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, MOAA,
1584 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, HYDROCARBONS, MARSHES, METABOLISM,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS,
1595 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, MARINE
311
-------
ORGANISMS, NORTH SEA,
1629 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OIL SPILLS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
1630 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BSAUFORT SEA, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1633 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1012 BIRDS, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, UK, *BIRD MORTALITY,
1015 BIRDS, OIL SLICKS, COASTS, CONTAMINATION, RESTORATION, ENGLAND,
1197 BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, SOLVENTS,
1198 BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, TORPEY CANYON, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
1199 BIRDS, RESTORATION, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, PERSONNEL TRAINING,
1360 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, METULA SPILL, MOLLUSKS, FISHERIES, MAGELLAN/STRAIT
OF,
1379 BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, CONTAMINATION, STATISTICS, 'MORTALITY,
1381 BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, *YOLK STRUCTURE, 'EGG HATCHABILITY,
1334 BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, WILDLIFE, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
1«25 BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, STATISTICS, 'MORTALITY, 'GDANSK BAY,
1470 BIRDS, ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRUDHOE
BAY, 'TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1531 BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH,
15^3 BIRDS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DCS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
1628 EIRDS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, 'ENDANGERED SPECIES,
'WATER POLLUTION,
1361 BLACK SEA, BENTHOS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, 'SHRIMP,
'ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1560 BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, COASTS, 'COASTAL WATERS, SEDIMENTS, USSR,
1566 BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SLICKS, NEUSTON, CASPIAN SEA,
'AZOV SEA,
1518 BLM, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, 'TRACE METALS,
1524 BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL-GAS LEASING, EIS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, 'GEORGES BANK,
1328 BLOWOUT PREVENTION, .OFFSHORE DRILLING, 'RISER.LESS DRILLING METHOD,
1132 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
m3 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1135 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, TANKERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1136 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, 'FENDING DEVICE,
1138 BOOMS, ABSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT,
1139 BOOMS, ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1140 BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1149 BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, 'VIKOMA INTERNATIONAL,
1172 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, MODELS, SKIMMERS, 'HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS,
1194 BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, RIVERS, ICE, CANADA, 'ST. CLAIR & DETROIT
RIVERS,
1196 BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1344 BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, SKIMMERS,
1510 CALIFORNIA, DCS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1571 CALIFORNIA, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, SPREADING,
1602 CALIFORNIA, LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
1514 CALIFORNIA COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1519 CALIFORNIA COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, LEGISLATION,
1536 CALIFORNIA COAST, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LAND USE
CONFLICTS,
1383 CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MOLLUSKS, 'TOLERANCE
VARIABILITY, 'LITTORINA,
1142 CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL WELLS, 'BLOWOUTS, SPILL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, ICE,
1173 CANADA, SPILL CLEANUP, COASTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION,
1194 CANADA, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, RIVERS, ICE, *ST. CLAIR & DETROIT
RIVERS,
1294 CANADA, TAR SANDS, DEVELOPMENT, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WATER QUALITY,
13"5 CANADA, POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, 'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
1385 CANADA, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, COASTS, 'GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1586 CANADA, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MODELS,
1621 CANADA, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES,
MONITORING,
1089 CARCINOGENS, PAH, MODELS, *BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE,
1098 CARCINOGENS, PAH, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
1107 CARCINOGENS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, 'ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS,
1087 CARIBBEAN SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN, SAMPLING, TAR,
1566 CASPIAN SEA, BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SLICKS, NEUSTON,
312
-------
1056 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, FISH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, *EELS, "BIO-INDICATORS,
1067 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES
*COLORIMETRY,
1088 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, FISH, PLANKTON,
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
1091 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
1092 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, SOURCES,
MEXICO/GULF OF, "MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1093 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, SWEDEN,
1095 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, EXTRACTION, SOLVENTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
1097 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION, "OIL TRACES, 'ADSORPTION POLAROGRAPHY,
1098 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
1099 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, OCS, TEXAS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
1100 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, *SOXHLET
EXTRACTION, *SAPONIFICATION,
1102 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, 'CHROMATOGRAPHY,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, COASTS, FLORIDA,
1103 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, WEATHERING,
1104 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, WASTEWATERS, "GASOLINE FRACTIONS,
1106 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1107 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, "ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS,
1108 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, PORTS, OCEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CONTAMINATION, USSR,
1109 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, EXTRACTION, "FLUORESCENCE,
1110 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "HYDROCARBON
MEASUREMENTS,
1118 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, CRANKCASE OIL, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MEW YORK,
1119 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, API, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1123 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
1124 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, SPECTROSCOPY, SEAWATER,
1126 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, SOURCES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY,
SEDIMENTS, "AOUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1127 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, "FLUOROMETRY,
1129 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, "TAR BALLS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SAMPLING, CRUDE
OIL, WEATHERING, ISRAEL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
1286 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, "AERATION,
1290 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, REFINERIES, CONTAMINANTS,
1111 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CONTAMINATION, GROUNDHATER, OIL TANKS, USSR,
1625 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1115 CHESAPEAKE BAY, SHIPS, PORTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, "SYMPOSIUM,
1567 CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS,
SEDIMENTS,
1162 CHINA, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISHERIES, PLANKTON, MONITORING, "HONG KONG,
1056 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, FISH, "EELS, "BIO-INDICATORS,
1091 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
SPECTROSCOPY, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1095 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, EXTRACTION, SOLVENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
1098 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, CRUDE OIL, SPECTROMETRY,
1100 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "SOXHLET
EXTRACTION, "SAPONIFICATION,
1102 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, COASTS, FLORIDA,
1103 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CRUDE OIL, WEATHERING,
1101 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, "GASOLINE FRACTIONS,
1106 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION,
1109 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, EXTRACTION, "FLUORESCENCE,
1110 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "HYDROCARBON
MEASUREMENTS,
1117 •CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, LAKES, SEDIMENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
1121 CHROMATOGRAPHY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY,
SEDIMENTS, LAKES, "FLUORESCENCE,
1123 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, HYDROCARBONS,
1126 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, SOURCES, SPECTROMETRY,
SEDIMENTS, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1129 CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, "TAR BALLS, SAMPLING, CRUDE
OIL, WEATHERING, ISRAEL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
1130 CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, "US BUREAU OF MINES,
1352 CHRONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, SANTA BARBARA
1353 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS,
NATUR Al SEEPAGF
1368 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, "CANCER
313
-------
MAGISTER DANA, *WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
1770 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, FISH,
1384 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, WILDLIFE,
mOO CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, CRUDE OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE,
1407 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1414 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS,
'METABOLISM,
1424 CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, *HONG KONG,
1128 CHRONIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, FISHERIES, JAPAN, 'TOKYO BAY, «SETO INLAND SEA,
1505 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE, COASTS,
1595 CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL 'DISCHARGES, FATE, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NORTH SEA,
1243 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
PATENT,
1245 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
1246 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1248 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, PATENT, «BROMINATED POLYETHYLENE
GRANULES,
1251 COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOCCULATION,
FLOTATION, 'OZONATION,
1257 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, *METAL
CATALYSTS,
1269 COALESCENCE, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, PATENT,
1274 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1275 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, PATENT,
1281 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, PATENT, 'MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1292 COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, 'FIBROUS BED COALESCERS,
1300 COALESCENCE, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, *PEAT,
1569 COALESCENCE, BEHAVIOR, CRUDE OIL, SPREADING, EMUSIFICATION, ICE, RIVERS,
1015 COASTS, BIRDS, OIL SLICKS, CONTAMINATION, PESTORATION, ENGLAND,
1034 COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
•POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1037 COASTS, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, ESTUARIES, 'METHODS, 'INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
1038 COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, 'STREAMFLOW, ESTUARIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1059 COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, 'WIND CONDITIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
FATE, CONTAMINANTS,
1070 COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, TAR, SOURCES, DISTRIBUTION,
1080 COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, DETECTION, MODELS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LINEAR
PROGRAMMING,
1102 COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FLORIDA,
1116 COASTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, GERMANY, EAST,
'SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, 'COLORIMETRY,
1173 COASTS, CANADA, SPILL CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESTORATION,
1385 COASTS, CANADA, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, 'GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1421 COASTS, WASTEWATERS, INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECOSYSTEMS,
1464 COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'COASTAL IMPACTS,
1470 COASTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRUDHOE
BAY, 'TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1471 COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HABITAT,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1505 COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
1517 COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
'CONFERENCES, 'COASTAL IMPACTS,
1526 COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
'PRODUCED WATERS,
1535 COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, PORTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, NEW
JERSEY, DELAWARE,
1550 COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING,
1560 COASTS, BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, 'COASTAL WATERS, SEDIMENTS, USSR,
1574 COASTS, ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, ICE, 'OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
1592 COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, 'IMPACT LOCATIONS,
1615 COASTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, HARBORS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, LIABILITY,
COMPENSATION, IMCO,
1631 COASTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION,
1527 COLORADO, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, EIS, SOLID WASTES, DISPOSAL, RESTORATION,
1327 COMPENSATION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP,
^CONGRP*^ ^TON AI PTI I
1601 COMPENSATION, REGULATIONS, LEGISLATION, SPILL CLEANUP, STATE GOVERNMENTS, OIL
314
-------
TRANSFER, NEW JERSEY,
1601 COMPENSATION, LEGISLATION, US, LIABILITY, SPILL CLEANUP,
1608 COMPENSATION, LEGISLATION, OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, US, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
•NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1615 COMPENSATION, COASTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, HARBORS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS,
LIABILITY, IMCO,
1316 CONSERVATION, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, UK,
1031 CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, *OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE,
1034 CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
•POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1037 CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, 'METHODS, "INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
1046 CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, COST ANALYSIS, *MUSSELS, "BARNACLES,
1053 CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, DETECTION, »OIL-IN-WATER, PATENT,
1059 CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, "WIND CONDITIONS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, FATE,
1060 CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, *OCEAN CURRENTS, FATE,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1066 CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, *UN,
1068 CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
•OPTICAL SENSOR,
1073 CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA, REMOTE SENSING, *WIND EFFECTS, »WAVE EFFECTS,
1101 CONTAMINANTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, *WATER
POLLUTANTS,
1107 CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, "ORGANIC
POLLUTANTS,
1111 CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY, 'POLLUTANT CLASSIFICATION,
•COMPUTER-SPECTROMETER SYSTEM,
1116 CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, ANALYTICAL -TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS, GERMANY, EAST,
'SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, *COLORIMETRY,
1166 CONTAMINANTS, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1242 CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1219 CONTAMINANTS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, *PEAT MOSS,
1290 CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, REFINERIES,
1372 CONTAMINANTS, BEHAVIOR, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, »SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
1375 CONTAMINANTS, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, *FUEL ADDITIVES,
1432 CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
1452 CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA, ECOSYSTEMS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1459 CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, *BOOK
REVIEW,
1500 CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE
MAMMALS, FOOD WEB, "ECOLOGY, »HARBOR SEAL,
1585 CONTAMINANTS, MODELS, FATE, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PRUDHOE BAY, *OCEAN
CIRCULATION, 'POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1597 CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, »OCEAN CIRCULATION, OCS, FATE, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1012 CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, MONITORING, UK, 'BIRD MORTALITY,
1015 CONTAMINATION, -COASTS, BIRDS, OIL SLICKS, RESTORATION, ENGLAND,
1016 CONTAMINATION, SOURCES, HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, ITALY, »GULF OF TRIESTE,
1018 CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, SHORELINES, ISRAEL,
'EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1024 CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, MASSACHUSETTS, *BUZZARDS BAY,
'SHELLFISH RESOURCES,
1028 CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, INDUSTRIES, SOURCES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
1041 CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, GROUNDWATER, SPILL CLEANUP, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1052 CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, ESTUARIES, HYDROCARBONS, "ADENYLATE
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1084 CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, REFINERIES, SEDIMENTS,
1108 CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, PORTS, OCEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USSR,
1181 CONTAMINATION, SOIL, "OIL REMOVAL, 'DETERGENTS,
1198 CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, TORREY CANYON, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, ,
1279 CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, REFINING, RIVERS, USSR,
1379 CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, STATISTICS, "MORTALITY,
1384 CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, WILDLIFE,
1401 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL,
1405 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "METABOLIC INTERACTIONS,
1406 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FOOD WEB, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1425 CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, CRUDE OIL, STATISTICS, "MORTALITY, "GDANSK BAY,
1428 CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES, JAPAN, »TOKYO BAY, «SETO INLAND SEA,
1431 CONTAMINATION, FISH, "TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, "STURGEONS,
1441 CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, GROUNDWATER, OIL TANKS, USSR,
1442 CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, "AQUATIC POLLUTION,
1446 CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
315
-------
1UU9 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, TANKERS, FATE, DISPERSANTS,
11(57 CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, MONITORING, "BOOK REVIEW,
1U60 CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, WASTE OIL, TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, IRAO, *SHATT AL-ARAB,
146^ CONTAMINATION, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
11166 CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA COAST, *HUMAN IMPACT, *EISCAYNE BAY,
1502 CONTAMINATION, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
•SEA OTTERS,
1508 CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FISHERIES, FRANCE,
1571 CONTAMINATION, CALIFORNIA, GROUNDWATER, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, SPREADING,
1579 CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL,
FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
1581 CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, FATE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, MODELS, MOVEMENT, NOAA,
1589 CONTAMINATION, BIODEGRADATION, RIVERS, SEDIMENTS, *PARRAMATTA RIVER, *MUDS,
1593 CONTAMINATION, BERING SEA, "CIRCULATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB, FISHERIES,
•BRISTOL BAY,
1628 CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS, "ENDANGERED SPECIES,
•HATER POLLUTION,
1631 CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ESTUARIES,
1072 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING, OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FATE, OIL
SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1226 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SAFETY, LIABILITY, USCG,
MEXICO/GULF OF, *FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
1322 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY, »LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITIES,
1324 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, US, SPILL CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1331 CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS, EPA, DRILLING,
•NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1363 CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL REGIONS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE,
1369 CORALS, ACUTE EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, RED SEA, *HETEROXENIA FUSCESCENS,
1380 CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, *GROWTH, *GREAT BARRIER REEF,
1016 COST ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, 'MUSSELS, *BARNACLES,
1205 COST ANALYSIS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, USCG,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
1222 COST ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, SPREADING,
1271 COST ANALYSIS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, SPILL DISPOSAL, STORAGE, USCG,
1276 COST ANALYSIS, SLUDGE, SOLID WASTES, DISPOSAL, INCINERATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1580 COST ANALYSIS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, NORTH SEA, 'COMPUTER
SIMULATION,
1610 COST ANALYSIS, LEGISLATION, US, PORTS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, »DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1118 CRANKCASE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, DETECTION, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NEW YORK,
1056 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, FISH, »EELS, "BIO-INDICATORS,
1063 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, INTERTIDAL ZONE, *PORT
VALDEZ,
1068 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
•OPTICAL SENSOR,
1098 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, SPECTROMETRY,
1103 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING,
1119 CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, API, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1123 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS,
1125 CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, "LUMINESCENCE CONTOUR SPECTRA,
1127 CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, "FLUOROMETRY,
1129 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, "TAR
BALLS, WEATHERING, ISRAEL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
1130 CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGPAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS,
SPECTROSCOPY, SPSCTROMETRY, *US BUREAU OF MINES,
1131 CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, SOIL, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS,
1185 CRUDE OIL, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, «SORBENTS,
1188 CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, FRESHWATER, ICE, '"LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1208 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, *SALT DOMES, »TANK FARMS, "STRATEGIC
PETROLEUM RESERVE,
1209 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME,
1210 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, *BRYAN
MOUND SALT DOMES,
1211 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, KENTUCKY,
•CENTRAL ROCK MINE,
1212 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIPONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
•COTE BLANCHE MINE,
1213 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, OHIO,
316
-------
*IRONTON MINE,
1214 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, TEXAS,
*KLEER MINE,
1215 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
•WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
1216 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, »WEST
HACKBERRY SALT DOME,
1217 CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, FEA, 'STRATEGIC PETROLEUM
RESERVE,
1225 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, SPILL DISPOSAL, STORAGE, FUEL OIL,
1325 CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, FRANCE, *POLMAR PLAN,
1329 CRUDE OIL, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL
TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
1351 CRUDE OIL, DISPERSIONS, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, *OYSTER, *CRASSOSTREA, VIRGINICA,
1353 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE,
1356 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALGAE, ALASKA, PLANTS, *LICHENS,
1366 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, WASTE OIL, *CLAMS, *MEPCENARIA,
1368 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, *CANCER
MAGISTEH DANA, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
1369 CRUDE OIL, CORALS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, RED SEA, »HETEROXENIA FUSCESCENS,
1380 CRUDE OIL, CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "GROWTH, "GREAT BARRIER REEF,
1382 CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, "REFINED OIL, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, WEATHERING,
1384 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS, WILDLIFE,
1385 CRUDE OIL, COASTS, CANADA, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, "GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1388 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, "LARVAE, "OXYGEN UPTAKE , "MERETRIX LUSORIA,
1389 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARSHES, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, "DIATOMS,
1391 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, "AMPHIPODS,
1393 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, DI3PERSANTS, POLYCHAETES, UK, "ARENICOLA MARINA L,
"MILFORD HAVEN,
139« CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, SOIL, FUNGI,
1395 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, FISH, "LIVER AND SKIN TISSUES,
1400 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, MARINE ORGANISMS, PLATFORMS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE,
1401 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1403 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, ECHINODERMS, "SAND DOLLARS,
1409 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ARCTIC, CRUSTACEANS, SEDIMENTS, "AMPHIPODS,
"ISOPODS,
1410 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES,
METABOLISM, <
1411 CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, INVERTEBRATES, "AMPHIPOD, "COELENTERATE,
1414 CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS,
METABOLISM,
1415 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, "RESPIRATION RATE, "ONCORHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA,
1419 CRUDE OIL, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISH, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1420 CRUDE OIL, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, MARINE MAMMALS, "RINGED SEALS,
1423 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, "CLAMS, »MYA ARENARIA,
1425 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, STATISTICS, "MORTALITY, "GDANSK BAY,
1426 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, MOLLUSKS, SEDIMENTS, "CLAMS, "INDICATOR
SPECIES, "MACOMA BALTHICA,
1430 CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, MOLLUSKS, UK,
1435 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, "CLAMS,
1436 CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MOLLUSKS, "CLAMS,
1448 CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, RELEASE, MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, "TRACE METALS,
1454 CRUDE OIL, METULA SPILL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
1463 CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1544 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, MARSHES, ESTUARIES,
1547 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS,
MONITORING, "AMPHIPODS,
1553 CRUDE OIL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1554 CRUDE OIL BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, HYDROCARBONS, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1556 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BEACHES, MICROORGANISMS, OXIDATION, "BEACH GRAVEL,
1561 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ACUTE EFFECTS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1563 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, "OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1568 CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES,
1569 CRUDE OIL, COALESCENCE, BEHAVIOR, SPREADING, EMUSIFICATION, ICE, RIVERS,
1572 CRUDE OIL* OIL SPILLS, MODELS, EVAPORATION, SOLUTION, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
1594 CRUDE OIL| ARCTIC, ICE, MONITORING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, WEATHERING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1620 CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, SAFETY, GUIDELINES, "TERMINALS,
317
-------
1046
1051
1358
1377
1391
1396
1409
1517
1106
1577
1535
1041
1042
1045
1050
1065
1068
1069
1074
1075
1081
11 10
1120
1132
1133
1135
1136
1138
1139
1 140
1141
1144
1148
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1158
1165
1166
1167
1169
1170
1178
1179
1180
1184
1185
1186
1189
1195
1196
1204
1230
1231
1233
1235
1240
1243
1246
1253
CRUSTACEANS, COST ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, *MUSSELS, *BA-RNACLES,
CRUSTACEANS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, "MOTOR BEHAVIOR,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, *CANCER
MAGISTER DANA, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM, FISH, "LABELED N-ALKANES,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, "AMPHIPODS,
CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
"BIOTRANSFORMATION,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ARCTIC, SEDIMENTS, »AMPHIPODS,
"ISOPODS,
CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY,
MONITORING, *AMPHIPODS,
DECOMPOSITION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, HYDROCARBONS,
DECOMPOSITION, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, 'PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION,
DELAWARE, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, PORTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
EFFECTS, NEW JERSEY,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, GROUNDWATER, SPILL CLEANUP,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, TANKERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING,- OIL SLICKS, *SPILL TRACKING BUOY,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PATENT, *OIL-IN-WATER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BILGES, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, SHIPS, *OIL-IN-WATER
DETECTOR,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, PATENT,
•OPTICAL SENSOR,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, MONITORING, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, *LIGHT SENSOR,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SURVEILLANCE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, OCEANS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SAMPLING, OIL SLICKS, SURFACTANTS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, "HYDROCARBON
MEASUREMENTS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, "PETROLEUM BIOASSAY, "CONTINUOUS FLOW
SYSTEM,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, TANKERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, "FENDING DEVICE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, OIL SLICKS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "FERROMAGNETIC FOAM,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, HASTE OIL, FUELS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, "DYNAMIC INCLINED PLANE SKIMMER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, "SALVAGE TUG, POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL CLEANUP,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, "SALVAGE TUG, POLLUTION CONTROL, SPILL CLEANUP,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "UNDERWATER FISSURES,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "SORBSNT BROADCASTER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "OELA-III SKIMMER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "OIL MOP RIGGING SYSTEM,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "GUIDED JET,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, SHIPS, PATENT, "WAVE DAMPING DEVICE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "SORBENTS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "SLURP WEIR SKIMMER,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, "FLEXIBLE FLOATING PIPE,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ARCTIC, OIL TRANSFER, SHIPS, "PUMPS, "ADAPTS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SHIPS, REFINERIES,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, INLAND, SKIMMERS, "AFL
INDUSTRIES,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, "FLUID BED
INCINERATION,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, FILTRATION.
PATENT,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, "AERATION, "WEMCO HYDROCLEANER,
318
-------
1256 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, PATENT
1257 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT, "METAL
CATALYSTS,
1266 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION. PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1274 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
12-76 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS, SLUDGE, SOLID WASTES, DISPOSAL, INCINERATION,
1278 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
1308 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL, INDUSTRIES
1318 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1324 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, US, SPILL
CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
1347 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, REGULATIONS, SAFETY, INFORMATION
SYSTEMS, "OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
1551 DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SLICKS, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
1044 DETECTION, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, PATENT, *MOEILE RECEIVER,
1049 DETECTION, BILGES, BALLAST, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, SPECTROMETRY, WASTE
OIL, 'SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETSY,
1053 DETECTION, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, "OIL-IN-WATER, PATENT,
1065 DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BILGES, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, SHIPS, »OIL-IN-WATER
DETECTOR,
1068 DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, PATENT,
"OPTICAL SENSOR,
1071 DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, USGS, *LANDSAT IMAGERY,
1075 DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS,
1079 DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, "LASERS, OCEANS,
1080 DETECTION, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "LINEAR
PROGRAMMING,
1097 DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, "OIL TRACES, "ADSORPTION POLAROGRAPHY,
1112 DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, SEAWATER, "NAPHTHENIC ACIDS,
1118 DETECTION, CRANKCASE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NEW YORK,
1331 DETECTION, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, PATENT, "ACOUSTIC LEAK DETECTION,
1337 DETECTION, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, DISPOSAL,
"EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
1340 DETECTION, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL, "ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL
PROGRAM,
1227 DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, PIPELINES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION,
LIABILITY,
1294 DEVELOPMENT, CANADA, TAR SANDS, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WATER QUALITY,
1470 DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, PRUDHOE
BAY, "TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1509 DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1521 DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, US, OIL SHALE,
1537 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1538 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
1543 DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1150 DISPERSANTS, SOUTH AFRICA, SPILL CLEANUP, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1159 DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, EMULSIONS, SURFACTANTS, PATENT,
1163 DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, TOXICITY, ENGLAND,
1393 DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, POLYCHAETES, UK, "ARENICOLA MARINA L,
"MILFORD HAVEN,
1430 DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, MOLLUSKS, UK,
1433 DISPERSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISH, SOLVENTS, "FISH LARVAE,
1442 DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, "AQUATIC POLLUTION,
141*9 DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, TANKERS, FATE,
1453 DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, UROUIOLA SPILL, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SPAIN
1457 DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, MONITORING, "BOOK REVIEW,
1078 DISPERSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WASTEWATERS, ESTUARIES, OCS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION,
1120 DISPERSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, HYDROCARBONS, "PETROLEUM BIOASSAY, "CONTINUOUS FLOW
SYSTEM,
1187 DISPERSIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, "ASBESTOS MINE WASTES,
1248 DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "BROMINATED POLYETHYLENE
GRANULES,
1275 DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, PATENT, ,„.„„,.„,„„
1351 DISPERSIONS CRUDE OIL, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, "OYSTER, "CRASSOSTREA, VIRGINICA,
1562 DISPERSIONS BIODSGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, WEATHERING,
1582 DISPERSIONS; OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EVAPORATION, SPILL RECOVERY, NORTH
op« KpiffiFT^K WFT L. PLiOWOUT
1587 DISPERSIONS, MODELS, FATE, OCEANS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
1006 DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, ECONOMICS, HEALTH HAZARDS, UK,
1240 DISPOSAL' DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, "FLUID BED
INCINERATION,
319
-------
1242 DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1250 DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RECLAMATION, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1254 DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, »WASTE MANAGEMENT,
1255 DISPOSAL. WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, USN,
1261 DISPOSAL, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "SLUDGE DEWATERING,
1276 DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS, SLUDGE, SOLID WASTES, INCINERATION,
1288 DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES, INDUSTRIES, OIL INDUSTRY,
1290 DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
1305 DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE,
1336 DISPOSAL, BEAUFORT SEA, BEACHES, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL WELLS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
RESTORATION,
1337 DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING,
•EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
1340 DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, SPILL CLEANUP, "ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL
PROGRAM,
1496 DISPOSAL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, "DRILLING
WASTES
1527 DISPOSAL,'COLORADO, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, BIS, SOLID WASTES, RESTORATION,
1032 DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS, UK, "SUBLITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1040 DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1062 DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, OCS,
1070 DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, TAR, SOURCES,
1082 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, SEAWATER,
SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1099 DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, HYDROCARBONS, OCS, TEXAS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
1469 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING,
ESTUARIES, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
147^ DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MARINE MAMMALS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "SPOTTED SEAL,
1471 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, ICE,
1U75 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE
MAMMALS, "SEA LIONS, "ECOLOGY, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1477 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1479 DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, 'BASELINE STUDIES, ZOOPLANKTON, "MICRONEKTON,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1480 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ZOOPLANKTON,
MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1481 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING,
PLANKTON, "ICHTHYOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1482 DISTRIBUTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PLANKTON,
1484 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, ALASKA/GULF OF, "PRODUCTIVITY,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1485 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
MONITORING, "PRODUCTIVITY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1487 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MARINE MAMMALS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1488 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL SPILLS, MARINE MAMMALS,
1489 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE MAMMALS, "WHALES,
1490 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OIL-GAS LEASING, MARINE MAMMALS,
1495 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE MAMMALS, OCS, "SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1498 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, MARINE
ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1501 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "SEA OTTERS,
1502 DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"SEA OTTERS,
1505 DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE,
1584 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FATE, HYDROCARBONS, MARSHES, METABOLISM,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS,
1630 DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, FISH, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1438 DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, FATE, OCEANS, "WAVE DAMPING, "WIND WAVE TUNNEL,
1570 DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, SPREADING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, WEATHERING,
1600 DRIFT, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, "COMPUTER MODELING,
1263 DRILLING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL WELLS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FLOCCULATION,
PATENT,
320
-------
1331
1504
1506
1403
1028
1217
1250
1316
1140
1508
1511
1006
1115
11U7
1207
1219
1239
1528
1537
1543
1421
1452
1493
1208
1209
1210
121 1
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1478
1512
1514
1524
1527
1596
1562
1193
1427
1159
1191
1228
1229
1232
1234
1237
1239
1245
1246
1252
1257
1258
DRILLING, CONTINGENCY.PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, REGULATIONS
EPA, 'NAVIGABLE WATERS,
DRILLING, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, FISH, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FISH, "SALMON, "DRILLING MUDS,
ECHINODERMS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, "SAND DOLLARS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, INDUSTRIES, SOURCES,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FEA, "STRATEGIC PETROLEUM
RESERVE,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, RECLAMATION,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONSERVATION, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, UK,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, KASTEWATERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, MODELS, "INDUSTRY COSTS,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, FRANCE,
ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, HEALTH HAZARDS, UK,
ECONOMICS, MODELS, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "OPTIMAL TANKER SIZE,
ECONOMICS, SPILL CLEANUP, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY,
NORTH SEA, NORWAY,
ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, DCS, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, TANKERS,
PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, "RISK ANALYSIS,
ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
"SUPERTANKERS,
ECONOMICS, WASTSWATER TREATMENT, EMULSIONS, FILTRATION, "ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE,
ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECOSYSTEMS, COASTS, WASTEWATERS, INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
ECOSYSTEMS, CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
ECOSYSTEMS, BENTHOS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANKTON, DCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "SALT DOMES, "TANK FARMS, "STRATEGIC
PETROLEUM RESERVE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, "BRYAN
MOUND SALT DOMES,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, KENTUCKY,
"CENTRAL ROCK MINE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATEH QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
"COTE BLANCHE MINE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, OHIO,
"IRONTON MINE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, TEXAS,
"KLEER MINE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
"WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, "WEST
HACKBERRY SALT DOME,
EIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, "GEORGES BANK,
EIS, PORTS, REGULATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, "DEEPWATER
PORT,
EIS, CALIFORNIA COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
EIS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL-GAS LEASING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
FISHERIES, "GEORGES BANK,
EIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, SOLID WASTES, RESTORATION,
EIS, ATLANTIC COAST, FATS, OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, "SUSPENDED MATTER,
EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, FATE, WEATHERING,
EMULSIFIERS, SOLVENTS, SURFACTANTS, TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON,
EMULSIFIERS, TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS,
EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, ABSORPTION, PATENT, "POLYURETHANE FOAM CHIPS,
EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "DEMULSIFICATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SLUDGE,
EMULSIONS, BILGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, OIL TANKS, SPILL RECOVERY, "DEMULSIFYING
AGENTS,
EMULSIONS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL, PATENT, «ZN SALTS,
EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, "ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE,
EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FUELS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "METAL
CATALYSTS
EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "AERATION, FLOTATION, PATENT,
mMiRh*mVm', ®tm^?imW°it*lMSt FIBERS, PATENT,
321
-------
1266 EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, FILTRATION, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1269 EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, PATENT,
1273 EMULSIONS, BILGES, SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *DEMULSIFICATION,
1281 EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, PATENT, "MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1287 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, PH CONTROL, FLOTATION, COAGULATION, *AERATION,
1291 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OXIDATION, PATENT,
1292 EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 'FIBROUS BED COALESCERS,
1299 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, SKIMMERS,
1300 EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *PEAT,
1303 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, REFINERIES, PATENT, "POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE,
1306 EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL, FLOTATION, PATENT,
T430 EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, MOLLUSKS, UK,
1015 ENGLAND, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIRDS, OIL SLICKS, RESTORATION,
1163 ENGLAND, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, TOXICITY,
1315 ENGLAND, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, RECYCLING,
1021 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, "SETO INLAND SEA,
1364 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, OIL SPILLS, VEGETATION, WASHINGTON, *ALPINE MEADOW,
1013 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FISHERIES, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
1022 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, FISHERIES, SPILL CLEANUP,
LIABILITY,
1023 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, JAPAN, "INLAND
SEA,
1025 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, *LIBERIAN FLAG OF CONVENIENCE,
1035 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, MOLLUSKS, PUGET SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, NOAA,
1038 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, *STREAMFLOW,
ESTUARIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1047 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, OCEANS, "CIRCULATION PATTERNS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1061 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
MONITORING, "MARINE CLIMATOLOGY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1072 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, FATE, OIL SPILLS,
1115 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, MODELS, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, "OPTIMAL TANKER SIZE,
1173 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, CANADA, SPILL CLEANUP, RESTORATION,
.1206 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, UK,
"MILFORD HAVEN,
1208 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "SALT DOMES, "TANK FARMS, "STRATEGIC
PETROLEUM RESERVE,
1209 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, LOUISIANA, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME,
1210 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, "BRYAN
MOUND SALT DOMES,
1211 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, KENTUCKY,
"CENTRAL ROCK MINE,
1212 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
"COTE BLANCHE MINE,
1213 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, OHIO,
"IRONTON MINE,
1214 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, TEXAS,
"KLESR MINE,
1215 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA,
"WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
1216 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, WATER QUALITY, "WEST
HACKBSRRY SALT DOME,
1217 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, FEA, "STRATEGIC PETROLEUM
RESERVE,
1218 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, "VALDEZ NARROWS,
1219 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL SPILLS,
"SUPERTANKERS,
1222 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, MODELS, SPREADING,
1224 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, "VALDEZ
NARROWS,
1227 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION
LIABILITY,
1250 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SOURCES, RECLAMATION
1316 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONSERVATION, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION UK
1329 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, FATE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING OIL"
TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
1335 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, LEGISLATION, UK, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATSRS,
1342 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINING, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL
INDUSTRY,
322
-------
ORGANISMS,
1626 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1026 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA, UK, USSR, "JOINT UK/USSR COMMITTEE,
1048 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,
1147 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY,
NORTH SEA, NORWAY,
1205 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SEGREGATED
BALLAST , REGULATIONS, USCG,
1470 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, PRUDHOE
BAY, "TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1528 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1606 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LEGISLATION, US, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, "OCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
1122 EPA, SPILL CLEANUP, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, USCG, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
1331 EPA, DRILLING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
REGULATIONS, "NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1609 EPA, LEGISLATION, US, WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION, "UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1037 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, MONITORING, "METHODS, "INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
1038 ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING,
"STREAMFLOW, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1052 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, "ADENYLATE
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1078 ESTUARIES, DISPERSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WASTEWATERS, OCS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION,
1085 ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, OCS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
MISSISSIPPI,
1349 ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, DELAWARE RIVER, TOXICITY, FISH, "CORINTHOS SPILL,
1469 ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
MONITORING, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1544 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, MARSHES,
1565 ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, "CYCLOHEXANE,
1568 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, MICROORGANISMS,
1631 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
1616 EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
1223 EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, FATE, SPREADING, MODELS,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1572 EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, SOLUTION, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
1582 EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, SPILL RECOVERY, NORTH
SEA, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1095 EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
1105 EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION,
SOLVENTS,
1109 EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, "FLUORESCENCE,
1526 EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1527 EXTRACTION, EIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO, OIL SHALE, SOLID WASTES, RESTORATION,
1031 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1059 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, "WIND CONDITIONS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1060 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1062 FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OCS,
1072 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1083 FATE, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS,
1203 FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1223 FATE, EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, SPREADING, MODELS,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1329 'FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL
TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
1438 FATE, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, "WAVE DAMPING, "WIND WAVE TUNNEL,
1444 FATE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MARINfc' ORGANISMS,
1449 FATE DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, TANKERS,
1459 FATE! ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, "BOOK
REVIEW
1526 FATE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, HYDROCARBONS,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1540 FATE OIL WELLS, "SUBMARINE BLOWOUT SIMULATION, MODELS, CONTAINMENT,
1562 FATE EMULSIFICATION, .DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
1579 FATE,' CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL
OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
1581 FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
323
-------
1355 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, SHORELINES, «WWII SPILLS,
1357 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
UK, »MILFORD HAVEN,
m6 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, *PRUDHOE BAY,
1386 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, WWII SPILLS, TANKERS, MOVEMENT,
1392 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, PHYTOPLANKTON, FRANCE,
1446 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OCEANS, HATER QUALITY, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
1448 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, RELEASE,
MICROORGANISMS, "TRACE METALS,
14*1 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, SPILL
CLEANUP, UK, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1U52 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA, HYDROCARBONS,
11453 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, URQUIOLA SPILL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
SPAIN,
1451 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF,
1459 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, FATE, REGULATIONS, *BOOK
REVIEW,
1461 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTATION, OIL SPILLS, *ANIMAL-SEDIMENT
RELATIONSHIPS,
1462 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHINA, OIL SPILLS, FISHERIES, PLANKTON, MONITORING, "HONG KONG,
1464 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL SPILLS, "COASTAL IMPACTS,
1468 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, API, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, MARINE ORGANISMS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE,
1491 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, DCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1193 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, BENTHOS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANKTON, OCS,
1496 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, "DRILLING
WASTES,
1497 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
MONITORING, FISH, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, *FISH DISEASES,
1506 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL WELLS, TOXICITY, FISH, "SALMON, "DRILLING MUDS,
1509 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
1511 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "ENERGY CONSERVATION, INDUSTRIES, REFINERIES, "TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATION,
1512 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, PORTS, REGULATIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, SAFETY, "DEEPWATER
PORT,
1513 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLATFORMS, REGULATIONS, OIL INDUSTRY,
1514 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CALIFORNIA COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, \
1515 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL WELLSJ
OCS,
1516 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, "TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY METHODS, GROUNDWATER, WATER
QUALITY, MODELS,
1517 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,
"CONFERENCES, "COASTAL IMPACTS,
1518 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, "TRACE METALS,
1520 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, OCS, "GEOLOGY,
"HYDROLOGY, "YUKON DELTA,
1521 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, US, OIL SHALE,
1522 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES, MARSHES,
LOUISIANA, "LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1523 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
SPILL CLEANUP, ICE, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1524 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OIL-GAS LEASING,
FISHERIES, "GEORGES BANK,
1525 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, PRODUCTION, SCOTLAND,
"SULLOM VOE,
1526 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, EXTRACTION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1530 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1531 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH,
1532 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FOSSIL FUELS, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
1533 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
MARINE ORGANISMS,
1531 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1537 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, PRODUCTION,
1538 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE, "RESEARCH PROGRAMS,
1539 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS. "RISK
ANALYSIS,
1543 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT, OIL SHALE,
1580 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, "COMPUTER
SIMULATION,
1587 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, MODELS, FATE, OCEANS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, MARINE
324
-------
ORGANISMS,
1626 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT
1026 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BALTIC- SEA, UK, USSR, "JOINT UK/USSR COMMITTEE
101)8 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES,'
1147 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY
NORTH SEA, NORWAY, '
1205 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, SEGREGATED
BALLAST , REGULATIONS, USCG,
1170 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, OIL FIELDS, PRUDHOE
SAY, *TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1523 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1606 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, LEGISLATION, US, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, *OCS LANDS ACT - AMENDMENTS,
1122 EPA, SPILL CLEANUP, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, USCG, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
13?1 EPA, DRILLING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES.
REGULATIONS, *NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1609 EPA, LEGISLATION, US, WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION, "UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1037 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, MONITORING, "METHODS, "INDICATO-R ORGANISMS,
1033 ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING,
"STREAMFLOW, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1052 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, HYDROCARBONS, "ADENYLATS
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1078 ESTUARIES, DISPERSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WASTEWATEPS, OCS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION,
1085 ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, OCS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
MISSISSIPPI,
13^9 ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, DELAWARE RIVER, TOXICITY, FISH, "CORINTHOS SPILL,
1«69 ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
MONITORING, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1541 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, MARSHES,
1565 ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, HYDROCARBONS, METABOLISM, "CYCLOHEXANE,
1563 ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGPADATIOH, BACTERIA, MICROORGANISMS,
1631 ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
1516 EUROPE, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
1223 EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, FATE, SPREADING, MODELS,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1572 EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, SOLUTION, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
1532 EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, SPILL RECOVERY, NORTH
SEA, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1095 EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, HYDROCARBONS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
11C5 EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION,
SOLVENTS,
1109 EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PAH, "FLUORESCENCE,
1526 EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, FATE, HYDROCARBONS,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1527 EXTRACTION, EIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO, OIL SHALE, SOLID WASTES, RESTORATION,
1031 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1059 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, "WIND CONDITIONS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1060 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MONITORING, "OCEAN CURRENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1062 FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, OCS,
1Q72 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1063 FATE, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS,
1203 FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCES, 'MARINE ORGANISMS,
FISHERIES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1223 FATE, EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LEAKAGE, SPREADING, MODELS,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1329 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL
TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORTH SEA,
1138 FATE, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, "WAVE DAMPING, "WIND WAVE .TUNNEL,
U4U FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1119 FATE, DISPERSAHTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, TANKERS,
1459 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS, "BOOK
1526 FATE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, HYDROCARBONS,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1540 FATE, OIL WELLS, "SUBMARINE BLOWOUT SIMULATION, MODELS, CONTAINMENT,
1562 FATE, EMULSIFICATIOH, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL SPILLS, WEATHERING,
1579 FATE, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL,
OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS, NOAA,
1581 FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, MARINE ORGANISMS,
325
-------
FISHERIES, MODELS, MOVEMENT, MOAA,
1582 FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPILL RECOVERY, NORTH
SEA, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1583 FATE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, "GULF STREAM,
1564 FATE, DISTRIBUTION', BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, MARSHES, METABOLISM,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS,
1585 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, MODELS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PRUOHOE BAY, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, *POLLUTAHT TRANSPORT,
1587 FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, MODELS, OCEANS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, MARINE
ORGANISMS,
1590 FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MODELS, "CIRCULATION, OCS, OIL SPILLS, "TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
1591 FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, OCS, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, "FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1595 FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NORTH SEA,
1596 FATE, EIS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, "SUSPENDED MATTER,
1597 FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "OCEAN CIRCULATION, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1599 FATE, MODELS, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, "COMPUTER PROGRAMMING,
1633 FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1217 FEA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "STRATEGIC PETROLEUM
RESERVE,
12^4 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1239 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANE,
1243 FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
PATENT,
1256 FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
1260 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, COAGULATION, PATENT,
126" FILTRATION, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
1266 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1269 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
1281 FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, PATENT, "MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1264 FILTRATION, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
1285 FILTRATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "POLYURETHANE FOAM,
1307 FILTRATION, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "POWDERED STEEL-MELTING SLAG,
1313 FILTRATION, WASTE OIL, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, PATENT,
1056 FISH, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MONITORING, "EELS, "BIO-INDICATORS,
1083 FISH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING, HYDROCARBONS, SEAWATER, PLANKTON,
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
13l»9 FISH, ESTUARIES, OIL SPILLS, DELAWARE RIVER, TOXICITY, "CORINTHOS SPILL,
1361 FISH .'-SLACK SEA, BENTHOS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, "SHRIMP,
"ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1362 FISH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "3,4-BENZOPYRENE,
1370 FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY,
1377 FISH, CRUSTACEANS, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM, "LABELED N-ALKANES,
1395 FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, TOXICITY, "LIVER AND SKIN TISSUES,
1396 FISH, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
"BIOTRANSFORMATION,
1397 FISH, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES,
1398 FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, "REDEAR SUNFISH,
1399 FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, "FATHEAD MINNOWS,
1113 FISH, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS,
1415 FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, "RESPIRATION PATE, "ONCORHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA,
1419 FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, FISHERIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1431 FISH, CONTAMINATION, "TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, "STURGEONS,
1433 FISH, DISPERSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, SOLVENTS, "FISH LARVAE,
1455 FISH, UPTAKE, RELEASE, HYDROCARBONS, "BENZENE, "NORTHERN ANCHOVY, "STRIPED BASS,
1492 FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
FISHERIES, HABITAT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1497 FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF
OF, MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "FISH DISEASES,
1499 FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FISHERIES, "SHELLFISH,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1503 FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, FOOD WEB,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1504 FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL HELLS, TOXICITY, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
1506 FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, OIL HELLS, TOXICITY, "SALMON, "DRILLING MUDS,
1531 FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL -EFFECTS, BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS
SPREADING, MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
1630 FISH, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
326
-------
1632 FISH, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULr OF *NON-<'ALMONID
PELAGIC FISHES, ' " " '
1013 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL
1022 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS SPI'L CLEANUP
LIABILITY, , '
1024 FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, FUEL OIL, MASSACHUSETTS "BUZZARD" °AY
"SHELLFISH RESOURCES,
1027 FISHERIES, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, LEGISLATION, USCG, *NEW ENGLAND
1203 FISHERIES, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, SOURCES, MARINE
ORGANISMS, PACIFIC OCEAN, ' ' "
1360 FISHERIES, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, METULA SPILL, MOLLUSKS, MAGELLAN/STRAIT
OF,
1419 FISHERIES, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, *PACIFIC HERRING,
1U28 FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, JAPAN, *TOKYO PAY, *SSTO INLAND SEA,
1462 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHINA, OIL SPILLS, PLANKTON, MONITORING, *HCMG KONG,
1^69 FISHERIES, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
14Q2 FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1499 FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "SHELLFISH
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1508 FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FRANCE,
1524 FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
OIL-GAS LEASING, "GEORGES BANK,
1581 FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, FUEL OIL, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MODELS, MOVEMENT, BOAA,
1593 FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, BERING SEA, "CIRCULATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB,
"BRISTOL BAY,
1251 FLOCCULATION, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
FLOTATION, "OZONATION,
1263 FLOCCULATION, DRILLING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OIL HELLS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PATENT,
1277 FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FUEL OIL, HYDROCARBONS, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1319 FLOCCULATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS,
PRECIPITATION, PATENT,
1573 FLOCCULATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTATION, RIVERS, FRANCE, "GULF OF LION,
1102 FLORIDA, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGHADATION, BACTERIA,
HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1466 FLORIDA COAST, CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALITY, "HUMAN IMPACT, "BISCAYNE BAY,
1236 FLOTATION, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEHATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, OXIDATION, COAGULATION,
1251 FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER
SEPARATION, "OZONATION,
1253 FLOTATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "AERATION, "WEMCO HYDROCLEANER,
1258 FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, "AERATION, PATENT,
1267 FLOTATION, WASTEWATEF TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "POWDERED MICA,
1281 FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1287 FLOTATION EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, PH CONTROL, COAGULATION, "AERATION,
1299 FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
1306 FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1350 FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
OIL SPILLS, "PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1406 FOOD WEB, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OCEANS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1406 FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HYDROCARBONS, PLANTS, "PHOTOSYNTHESIS, "ZOSTERA MARINA,
1467 FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, PHYTOPLANKTON,
ICE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1476 FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS,
1500 FOOD WEE, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE MAMMALS, "ECOLOGY, "HARBOR SEAL,
1503 FOOD WEB, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1593 FOOD WEB, FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, BERING SEA, "CIRCULATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
^BRISTOL EAY
1611 FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, LEGISLATION, US, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY,
1325 FRANCE, CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, "POLMAR PLAN,
1392 FRANCE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
MARINE ORGANISMS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1508 FRANCE, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMEN.,
1578 FRANCE, FLOCCULATION, HYDROCARBONS, SEDIMENTATION, RIVERS, "GULF OF LION,
1613 FRANCE! LEGISLATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, "FRENCH MARITIME LAW, "OLYMPIC
BRAVERY SPILL
1188 FPESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, ICE, "LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1398 FRESHWATER, FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, "REDEAR SUNFISH,
327
-------
1023 FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, JAPAN, "INLAND
QEA
1024 FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, MASSACHUSETTS, 'BUZZARDS BAY,
•SHELLFISH RESOURCES,
1C65 FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BILGES, MONITORING, SHIPS, »OIL-IN-WATER
DETECTOR,
1C68 FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, PATENT,
•OPTICAL SENSOR,
1225 FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, SPILL DISPOSAL, STORAGE,
1277 FUEL OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, HYDROCARBONS, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
mi FUEL OIL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, REUSE, '"EMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
1351 FUEL OIL, DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, *OYSTER, «CRASSOSTREA, VIRGINICA,
FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MICROORGANISMS, YEASTS, 'ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE,
FUEL OIL, CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL REGIONS, IMTERTIDAL
ZONE,
1366 FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, WASTE OIL, »CLAHS, 'MERCENARIA,
1375 FUEL OIL, CONTAMINANTS, HYDROCARBONS, TOXICITY, *FUEL ADDITIVES,
1331 FUEL OIL, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'YOLK STRUCTURE, 'EGG HATCHABILITY,
1385 FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, COASTS, CANADA, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, *GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1390 FUEL OIL, BEHAVIOR, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, ZOOPLAMKTON, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
13=1 FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, »AMPKIPODS,
11Q3 FUEL OIL, ECHINGDtRMS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, «SAMD DOLLARS,
1115 FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, HYDROCARBONS, 'RESPIRATION RATE, 'ONCCRHYNCHUS
GORBUSCHA,
1U16 FUEL OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, POLYCHAETES, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "NAPHTHALENE,
'NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA,
1122 FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, M.QLLUSKS, »CLAMS, »MYA ARENARIA,
112^ FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, 'CLAMS, »MYA ARENARIA,
1121 FUEL OIL, CHROMIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, INTERTIDAL
ZONE, *HONG KONG,
1130 FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, "OLLUSKS, UK,
1131 FUEL OIL, ALGAE, TOXICITY, 'GROWTH RATES, *PHENALEN-1-ONE,
1579 FUEL OIL, FATE, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL, MARINE ORGANISMS, NCAA,
1581 FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MARINE
ORGANISMS, MODELS, MOVEMENT, NOAA,
1118 FUELS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, WASTE OIL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SKIMMERS,
1252 FUELS, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
1338 FUELS, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTSWATER TREATMENT,
1532 FUELS, FOSSIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WATER QUALITY,
1557 FUELS, BIODEGPADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MICROORGANISMS,
1'91 FUNGI, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL, SOIL,
1116 GERMANY, EAST, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, HYDROCARBONS,
*SPECTROPHCTOMETRY, 'CCLORIMETPY,
1297 GERMANY, WEST, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SLUDGE,
1018 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL
INDUSTRY,
1317 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, WASTE OIL, REFINING, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, REUSE,
1323 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CONTINGENCY PLANNIHG, SPILL CLEANUP, INDUSTRIES, *OIL SPILL
COOPERATIVES,
1011 GROUNDWATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1111 GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TANKS, USSR,
1516 GROUNDWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, 'TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY METHODS, WATER
QUALITY, MODELS,
1571 GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CALIFORNIA, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, SPREADING,
1620 GUIDELINES, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, SAFETY, 'TERMINALS,
1621 GUIDELINES, CANADA, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, WASTSWATERS, REGULATIONS,
MONITORING,
1623 GUIDELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, STORAGE, HEALTH HAZARDS, SAFETY, 'BULK PETROLEUM PLANTS,
1387 HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, OCS,
MOLLUSKS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, *CLAMS,
1171 HABITAT, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING,
MARINE ORGANISMS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1171 HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, ICE,
1192 HABITAT, FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS, 'PACIFIC HERRING,
1502 HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA, MARINE MAMMALS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
'SEA OTTERS,
1512 HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1201 HARBORS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, SHIPS, 'MERCHANT SHIPS,
1339 HARBORS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, LAW ENFORCEMENT, TANKERS, WATER QUALITY,
NETHERLANDS,
328
-------
1316 HARBORS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, SHIPS, LAW ENFORCEMENT. UK "MILFORD KAVEH
1615 HARBORS, COMPENSATION, COASTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION "HIPS
LIABILITY, IMCO, ' " ' " '
1006 HEALTH HAZARDS, ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, UK,
1086 HEALTH HAZARDS, SAMPLING, SOIL, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS , PAH, "AGRICULTURE POLAND
1332 HEALTH HAZARDS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL WELLS
SAFETY, OCS,
1623 HEALTH HAZARDS, GUIDELINES, OIL INDUSTRY, STORAGE , 'SAFETY, "BULK PETROLEUM PLANTS
1016 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, SOURCES, WASTEWATERS, ITALY, "GULF OF TRIESTE
1C3« HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA
•POLLUTANT TRANSPORT, ' '
1039 HYDROCARBONS, BALLAST, MONITORING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS, PATENT *SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
10UO HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1051 HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, MONITORING, SEAWATER, *MOTOR BEHAVIOR
1052 HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, METABOLISM, MOLLUSKS, "ADENYLATE
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1051 HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1053 HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM, MANUALS,
1062 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, MONITORING, OCS,
1083 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, SAMPLING, OCEANS,
103U HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, SEDIMENTS,
1085 HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, OLABAMA, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, CCS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY
MISSISSIPPI,
1083 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, REAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING, SEAWATER, PLANKTON,
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
1092 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, SOURCES,
MEXICO/GULF OF, *MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1093 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, OIL SLICKS, SWEDEN,
109" HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MARINE ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS,
SPECTROSCOPY, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1C95 HYDROCARBONS, EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOLVENTS, SPECTROMETRY ,
1099 HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, OCS, TEXAS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
1100 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, *SOXHLET
EXTRACTION, *SAPONIFICATION,
1101 HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, *UATER
POLLUTANTS,
1102 HYDROCARBONS, FLORIDA, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION,
BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1104 HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, *GASOLINE FRACTIONS,
1106 HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE,
1110 HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "HYDROCARBON
MEASUREMENTS,
11 If HYDROCARBONS, WASTEWATERS, "SPECTRAL ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS, "HYDROCARBON
CONCENTRATION,
1116 HYDROCARBONS, GERMANY, EAST, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
"SPECTROPHCTOMETRY, "COLORIMETRY,
1113 HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CHANKCASE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATERS, MARINE
ORGANISMS, NEW YORK,
1120 HYDROCARBONS,. DISPERSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "PETROLEUM BIOASSAY, "CONTINUOUS FLOW
SYSTEM,
1123 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CHPOMATOGRAPHY , CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1131 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, PAH, SEDIMENTS, SOIL, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS,
1138 HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT,
1139 HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT,
1275 HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT,
1277 HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FLOCCULATION , WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
12S6 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, "AERATION,
1352 HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL
1370 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
1373 HYDROCARBONS, ACUTE EFFECTS, MARINE MAMMALS, TOXICITY, "SEALS, "PHOCA VITULINA,
1371 HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
1375 HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINANTS, TOXICITY, "FUEL ADDITIVES, .
1377 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM, "LABELED N-ALKANES,
1396 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
"BIOTRANSFORMATION,
H99 HYDROCARBONS FISH. ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, "FATHEAD MINNOWS,
1«03 HYDROCARBONS FOOo'wEP, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, "PHOTOSYNTHESIS "ZOSTERA MARINA,
1«15 HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, "RESPIRATION RATE, "ONCORHYNCHUS
1417 HYDROCARBONS! BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
"SPIN-LABELING TECHNIQUES,
329
-------
1418 HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, LAKES, PHYTOPLANKTON, "OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE
EXHAUST,
1421 HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, COASTS, WASTEWATERS, INDUSTRIES, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1429 HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, METABOLISM, "NAPHTHALENE,
1442 HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANT3, CONTAMINATION, OIL INDUSTRY, *AOUATIC POLLUTION,
1452 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA,
1455 HYDROCARBONS, FISH, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "BENZENE, "NORTHERN ANCHOVY, "STPIPED BASS,
1458 HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1518 HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "TRACE METALS,
1526 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
"PRODUCED WATERS,
1545 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MICROORGANISMS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT. OCS,
1546 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, MICROORGANISMS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1548 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, "LYSIS, "IONIC CONCENTRATION,
1549 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, OXIDATION, TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, "IONIC
CONCENTRATION, "DETERGENTS,
1550 HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, MONITORING,
1552 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1554 HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, MICROORGANISMS, SAMPLING,
1555 HYDROCARBONS, BIODSGRADATION, BACTERIA, NARRAGANSETT BAY, "GROWTH STUDIES,
1558 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM,
1559 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1=;65 HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, METABOLISM, "CYCLOHEXANE,
1572 HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, SOLUTION, TOXICITY,
1577 HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, OIL SLICKS, "PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION,
1578 HYDROCARBONS, FRANCE, FLOCCULATION, SEDIMENTATION, RIVERS, "GULF OF LION,
1584 HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, METABOLISM,
MARINE ORGANISMS, MASSACHUSETTS,
1625 HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL SPILLS, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1627 HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BACTERIA, ALGAE, OIL SPILLS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1142 ICE, CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL WELLS, "BLOWOUTS, SPILL DISPOSAL, INCINERATION,
1168 ICE, FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1194 ICE, CANADA, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, RIVERS, "ST. CLAIR & DETROIT
RIVERS,
1348 ICE, BEAUFORT SEA, ALGAE, PHYTOPLANKTON, "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, "OIL-UNDER-ICE,
1467 ICE, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING,
PHYTOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1474 ICE, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS,
1523 ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
SPILL CLEANUP, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1569 ICE, CRUDE OIL, COALESCENCE, BEHAVIOR, SPREADING, EMUSIFICATION, RIVERS,
1573 ICE, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, SOLUBILITY, CLEANUP,
1574 ICE, COASTS,- ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, "OIL-ICE INTERACTION,
1575 ICE, CRUDE OIL, MOVEMENT,
1594 ICE, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, MONITORING, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, WEATHERING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1598 ICE, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, "OIL TEMPERATURE, "ICE TEMPERATURE, "SPILLING RATE,
1624 ICE, BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, OIL SLICKS, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL
TRANSFER, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL,
1221 IMCO, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS, MONITORING,
1330 IMCO, MONITORING, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, "BAILEY
MONITOR PROGRAM,
1615 IMCO, HARBORS, COMPENSATION, COASTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
SHIPS, LIABILITY,
1617 IMCO, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING,
1618 IMCO, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
1142 INCINERATION, ICE, CANADA, ARCTIC, OIL WELLS, "BLOWOUTS, SPILL DISPOSAL,
1240 INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, "FLUID BED
INCINERATION.
1268 INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, USSR,
1276 INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS, SLUDGE, SOLID WASTES,
1028 INDUSTRIES, ECON.OMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, SOURCES,
INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
1113 INDUSTRIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, "X-RAY FLUORESCENCE,
1249 INDUSTRIES, CONTAMINANTS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "PEAT MOSS,
1288 INDUSTRIES, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES, OIL INDUSTRY,
1293 INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES. SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
1308 INDUSTRIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, RECLAMATION, WASTE OIL,
1323 INDUSTRIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CONTINGENCY PLANNIHG, SPILL CLEANUP, "OIL SPILL
COOPERATIVES,
330
-------
1421 INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, COASTS, WASTEWATERS, MARINE ORGANISMS
1511 INDUSTRIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "ENERGY CONSERVATION, REFINERIES, "TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATION,
1020 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS, MANUALS,
1028 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATERS
REFINERIES, SOURCES,
1122 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, EPA, SPILL CLEANUP, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, USCG,
1347 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS
REGULATIONS, SAFETY, »OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
1235 INLAND, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATERS, SKIMMERS *AFL
INDUSTRIES,
1439 INSURANCE, *MARINE INDUSTRY, TANKERS, LIABILITY,
1529 INSURANCE, REGULATIONS, LIABILITY, SHIPS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT
1607 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, LEGISLATION, US, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, "LEGAL PROBLEMS
1614 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1615 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, HARBORS, COMPENSATION, COASTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
SHIPS, LIABILITY,
1616 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, EUROPE, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, 'LIABILITY. OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
1617 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION, MONITORING,
1618 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION,
1619 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1063 INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, *PORT
VALDEZ,
1363 INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, TROPICAL
REGIONS,
1424 INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY,
MOLLUSKS, *HONG KONG,
1505 INTERTIDAL ZONE, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS,
1397 INVERTEBRATES, FISH, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, METABOLISM,
1410 INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, MARINE ORGANISMS,
METABOLISM,
1411 INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, TOXICITY, "AMPHIPOD, »COELENTERATE,
1460 IRAQ, CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, WASTE OIL, TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, "SHATT AL-ARAB,
1018 ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, PORTS, SHORELINES,
*EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1129 ISRAEL, CRUDE OIL, CHPOMATOGRAFHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SAMPLING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WEATHERING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
1016 ITALY, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, SOURCES, WASTEWATERS, *GULF OF TRIESTE,
1021 JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, *SETO INLAND SEA,
1023 JAPAN, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, "INLAND
SEA
1428 JAPAN,'FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, "TOKYO PAY, »SETO INLAND SEA,
1211 KENTUCKY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
"CENTRAL ROCK MINE,
1117 LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPFY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, PAH, SEDIMENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
1121 LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY,
SEDIMENTS, "FLUORESCENCE,
1418 LAKES, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, "OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE
EXHAUST,
1339 LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, LEGISLATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, WATER QUALITY,
NETHERLANDS,
1W LAW ENFORCEMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, USCG,
1346 LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, SHIPS, UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1619 LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1044 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, MONITORING, PIPELINES, PATENT, "MOBILE RECEIVER,
1064 LEAKAGE, MONITORING, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, "PIPELINE LEAK DETECTORS,
122' LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, MODELS,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1^26 LEAKAGE, SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "STERN GEAR SYSTEM,
n34 LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PIPELINES, PATENT, "ACOUSTIC LEAK DETECTION,
1451 LEAKAGE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL
CLEANUP. UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1027 LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, USCG, "NEW ENGLAND,
1200 LEGISLATION OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, US,
1202 LEGISLATION, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKEPS, OIL SPILLS, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1227 LEGISLATION! ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS,
LIABILITY,
1324 LEGISLATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL DISCHARGES, US, SPILL
331
-------
CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
1335 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, UK, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATERS,
1-39 LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, WATER QUALITY,
NETHERLANDS,
1519 LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
1601 LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, REGULATIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, STATE GOVERNMENTS, OIL
TRANSFER, MEW JERSEY,
1602 LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
1602 LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, STATE GOVERNMENTS, "LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,
1604 LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US, LIABILITY, SPILL CLEANUP,
1605 LEGISLATION, LIABILITY, OIL SPILLS, SAFETY, TANKERS, US, "CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
16C6 LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, US, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, *OCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
1607 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, OIL SPILLS, SHIPS, TANKERS, "LEGAL PROBLEMS,
1608 LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, -OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, US, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
*NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1609 LEGISLATION, EPA, US, WATER DUALITY, PRODUCTION, "UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1610 LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, US, PORTS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, "DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1611 LEGISLATION, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, US, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY,
1613 LEGISLATION, FRANCE, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, "FRENCH MARITIME LAW, "OLYMPIC
BRAVERY SPILL,
1618 LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO. POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1022 LIABILITY, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1226 LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SAFETY, USCG,
MEXICO/GULF OF, *FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
1227 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA, PIPELINES, OIL
SPILLS,
1322 LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITIES,
1327 LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP,
"CONGRESSIONAL BILL,
1439 LIABILITY, INSURANCE, "MARINE INDUSTRY, TANKERS,
1529 LIABILITY, INSURANCE, REGULATIONS, SHIPS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1602 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
1604 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US, SPILL CLEANUP,
1605 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, OIL SPILLS, SAFETY, TANKERS, US, "CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
1608 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, OIL DISCHARGES, US, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
"NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1610 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, US, PORTS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, "DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1611 LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, US, OIL DISCHARGES, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1612 LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, NORWAY,
1615 LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, HARBORS, COMPENSATION, COASTS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, SHIPS,
1616 LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, EUROPE, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
1622 LIABILITY, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, SAFETY, USCG,
1209 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, "EAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME,
1212 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
"COTE BLANCHE MINE,
1215 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
"WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
1522 LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS, PIPELINES,
MARSHES, "LAFOURCHE PARISH,
12H4 LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, PATENT,
1310 LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, "BERC/ERDA SOLVENT,
1311 LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS, PATENT,
1312 LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OILS, RECLAMATION, "REREFINING PROCESS,
1313 LUBRICATING OIL, FILTRATION, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, PATENT,
1315 LUBRICATING OIL, ENGLAND, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING,
1317 LUBRICATING OIL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, WASTE OIL, REFINING, RECLAMATION, REUSE,
1319 LUBRICATING OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS,
PRECIPITATION, PATENT,
1320 LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE'OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING, PATENT,
1360 MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FISHERIES, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, METULA SPILL,
MOLLUSKS,
1451 MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, "ETULA SPILL,
1020 MANUALS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, OIL SPILLS,
1058 MANUALS, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM,
1238 MANUALS, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, PETROCHEMICALS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1373 MARINE MAMMALS, HYDPOCARPONS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, "SEALS, "PHOCA VITULINA,
332
-------
1378 MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, METABOLISM, 'PHYSIOLOGY
'PINNIPEDS,
1420 MARINE MAMMALS, CRUDE OIL, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, "RINGED SEALS
1472 MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, MONITORING, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, »BEARDED AND RINGED SEALS, *ECOLOGY
1473 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, *SPOTTED SEAL,
1474 MARINE MAMMALS, ICE, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT
SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1475 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, *SEA LIONS, *ECOLOGY, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
11)83 MARINE MAMMALS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, TOXICITY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
•MORTALITY,
1487 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF.
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1488 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL SPILLS,
1489 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, 'WHALES,
14QO MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-GAS LEASING,
1495 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DCS, "SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1500 MARINE MAMMALS, FOOD WEE, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "ECOLOGY, "HARBOR SEAL,
1501 MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "SEA OTTERS,
1502 MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
•SEA OTTERS,
1531 MARINE MAMMALS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, MOVEMENT,
1032 MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOS, MONITORING, SEDIMENTS, UK, "SUBLITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1C43 MARINE ORGANISMS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
•"CELTIC SEA
1054 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, UPTAKE, METABOLISM,
1094 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEDIMENTS,
SPECTROSCOPY, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1100 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, MOLLUSKS, "SOXHLET
EXTRACTION, "SAPONIFICATION,
1118 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CRANKCASE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
WASTEWATERS, NEW YORK,
1150 MARINE ORGANISMS, DISPERSANTS, SOUTH AFRICA, SPILL CLEANUP, TOXICITY,
120? MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES,
SOURCES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
12C6 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, OIL DISCHARGES, UK,
"MILFORD HAVEN,
1352 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHPONIC EFFECTS, NATURAL SEEPAGE, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
1353 MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, PLATFORMS,
NATURAL SEEPAGE,
1?57 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1361 MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, BLACK SEA, BENTHOS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, "SHRIMP,
"ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1363 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CORALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TROPICAL
REGIONS,
1372 MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BEHAVIOR, TOXICITY, "SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
H76 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, "PRUDHOE BAY,.
H82 MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, "REFINED OIL, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, WEATHERING,
1392 MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, REFINERIES,
WASTEWATERS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1400 MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, API, PLATFORMS,
1402 MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKESS, PORTS, MARSHES, METULA
SPILL, UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1403 MAPINE ORGANISMS FUEL OIL, ECHINODERMS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, "SAND DOLLARS,
1405 MARINE ORGANISMS CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "METABOLIC INTERACTIONS,
1«07 MARINE ORGANISMS CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
1410 MARINE ORGANISMS; INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC,
1414 MARINEAORGAHISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY,
1417 MAPINEAOPGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
"SPIN-LABELING TECHNIQUES,
333
-------
1«21 MARINE. ORGANISMS, INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, COASTS, WASTEWATSRS,
1U27 MARINE ORGANISMS, EMULSIFIERS, TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTOM,
1432 MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
111 Ull MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
1153 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, UROUIOLA SPILL,
SPAIN,
1458 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, OCEANS,
1U68 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, API, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, PLATFORMS, NATURAL
SEEPAGE,
1471 MARINE ORGANISMS, HABITAT, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
14Q6 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, OFFSHORE DRILLING, 'DRILLING
WASTES,
1498 MAHIHE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEFIHG SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
MONITORING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1505 MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, MONITORING,
1523 MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC,
OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1533 MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, DCS,
1579 MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FATE, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, NOAA,
1531 MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL, MODELS, MOVEMENT, NOAA,
1584 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
MARSHES, METABOLISM, MASSACHUSETTS,
1587 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, MODELS, OCEANS, SPILL
CONTAINMENT,
1595 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL
DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA,
1625 MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL
SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1628 MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, WILDLIFE, 'ENDANGERED SPECIES,
'WATER POLLUTION,
1629 MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, OIL
SPILLS, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
1633 MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1359 MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, SHORELINES, VEGETATION, UK,
1365 MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, 'SPECIES REDUCTION,
1371 MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, VEGETATION, UK, 'SALTMARSH,
1389 MARSHES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLAMKTON, 'ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, 'DIATOMS,
1102 MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, PORTS, METULA
SPILL, UK, 'MILFORD HAVEN,
1522 MARSHES, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
PIPELINES, 'LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1544 MARSHES, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, EIODEGRADATION, MICROORGANISMS,
1581) MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL
SPILLS, METABOLISM, MASSACHUSETTS,
1024 MASSACHUSETTS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, 'BUZZARDS BAY,
'SHELLFISH RESOURCES,
1584 MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, METABOLISM,
1031 MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, MONITORING,
'POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1129 MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ISRAEL, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, SAMPLING, *TAR BALLS, WEATHERING,
1052 METABOLISM, HYDHOCARBONS, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, 'ADENYLATE
ENERGY CHARGE, 'ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
105« METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, MONITORING, UPTAKE,
1058 METABOLISM, MANUALS, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
1377 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, 'LABELED N-ALKANES,
1378 METABOLISM, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLS, 'PHYSIOLOGY,
'PINNIPEDS,
1382 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, 'REFINED OIL, TOXICITY, WEATHERING,
1397 METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, FISH, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1404 METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, UPTAKE, 'PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 'RESPIRATION,
1410 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEHAVIOR,
ARCTIC,
1414 METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS,
TOXICITY,
1423 METABOLISM, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, 'CLAMS, «"YA ARENARIA,
1429 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, 'NAPHTHALENE,
1558 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
334
-------
1561 METABOLISM, CRUDE OIL, BIOCEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDI" BACTP"IA
ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS, UPTAKE,
1565 METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, 'CYCLOHEXANE
1584 METABOLISM, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS FATE
DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
1360 METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FISHERIES, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ALGAE
MOLLUSKS, '
1102 METULA SPILL, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
PORTS, UK, 'MILFORD HAVEN,
145" METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDF OIL
1017 MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, DCS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1092 MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
SOURCES, 'MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1099 MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, OCS TEXAS,
1226 MEXICO/GULF OF, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, SAFETY,
USCG, "FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
1341 MICHIGAN, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, »FREEWAY RUNOFF,
1C82 MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, SAMPLING, SEAWATER,
SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1160 MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL DISPOSAL, SOIL, PATENT,
1175 MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, OIL SLICKS, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, 'NUTRIENT PARTICLES,
1354 MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, OIL SPILLS, TOXICITY, YEASTS, 'ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE,
1448 MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
RELEASE, 'TRACE METALS,
1544 MICROORGANISMS, MARSHES, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION,
1545 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1=46 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
1552 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, HIODEGRADATION, 'AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1553 MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING,
1554 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN, SAMPLING,
1556 MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BEACHES, OXIDATION, 'BEACH GRAVEL,
1557 MICROORGANISMS, FUELS, BIODEGRADATION, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1559 MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, EIODEGRADATION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1563 MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC COAST, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, 'OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1567 MICROORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS,
SEDIMENTS,
1563 MICROORGANISMS, ESTUARIES, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
1085 MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, OCS, OIL SPILLS,
TOXICITY,
1Q80 MODELS, DETECTION, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LINEAR
PROGRAMMING,
1089 MODELS, CARCINOGENS, PAH, »BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE,
1115 MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, 'OPTIMAL TANKER SIZE,
1172 MODELS, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, 'HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS,
1220 MODELS, OIL TRANSFER, TANKERS, 'ICE COOLING PATES,
1222 MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SPREADING,
1223 MODELS, LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
'IGNITION HAZARDS,
1440 MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, 'INDUSTRY COSTS,
1447 MODELS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
1516 MODELS, GROUKDWATEP, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, 'TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY
METHODS, WATER QUALITY,
1540 MODELS, FATE, OIL HELLS, 'SUBMARINE BLOWOUT SIMULATION, CONTAINMENT,
1572 MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, OIL SPILLS, SOLUTION, TOXICITY,
1530 MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, 'COMPUTER
SIMULATION,
1581 MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, MOVEMENT, NOAA,
158^ MODELS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, 'GULF STREAM,
1585 MODELS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, MOVEMENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PRUDHOE BAY, 'OCEAN
CIRCULATION, 'POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1587 MODELS! MARINE'ORGANISMS, FATE,"ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, OCEANS, SPILL
r*f!MT A T MMFNT
1590 MODELS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, 'CIRCULATION, OCS, OIL SPILLS, 'TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
1599 MODELS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, 'COMPUTER PROGRAMMING,
jiM^ »•>!«»«. ™« 3°°«>.
OIL SPILLS, NOAA,
1046 MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, COST ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, MONITORING, 'MUSSELS, 'BARNACLES,
335
-------
1052 MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, HYDROCAPEONS, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION1, MONITORING, "ADENYLAT3
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1058 MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, MANUALS, HYDROCARBONS, MONITORING, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
1100 MOLLUSKS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, .CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "SOXHLET
EXTRACTION, "SAPONIFICATION,
1351 MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, "OYSTER, "CPASSOSTREA, VIRGINICA,
1360 MOLLUSKS, METULA SPILL, MAGELLAN/STRAIT OF, FISHERIES, BIRDS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ALGAE,
1366 MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, WASTE OIL, "CLAMS, "MERCENARIA,
138^ MOLLUSKS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "TOLERANCE
VARIABILITY, "LITTORINA,
nS7 MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS,
OCS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "CLAMS,
1388 MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "LARVAE, "OXYGEN UPTAKE , "MERETRIX LUSORIA,
1422 MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
1423 MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, "CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
1424 MOLLUSKS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS,
TOXICITY, "HONG KONG,
1426 MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, "CLAMS, "INDICATOR
SPECIES, "MACOMA BALTHICA,
1430 MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY, UK,
1435 MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "CLAMS,
14^6 MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "CLAMS,
1011 MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, "EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORTH SEA, NORWAY,
1012 MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, UK, "BIRD MORTALITY,
1031 MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, "OCEAN CURRENTS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1032 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTS, UK, "SUBLITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1033 MONITORING, EALLAST, OIL SLICKS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, "OIL-WATER INTERFACE,
1034 MONITORING, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
"POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1035 MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, NOAA,
1036 MONITORING, BILGES, BALLAST, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS,
1037 MONITORING, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, "METHODS, "INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
1038 MONITORING, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA,
"STREAMFLOW, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1039 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BALLAST, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS, PATENT, "SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
1040 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OCS, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1041 MONITORING, GROUNDWATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP,
10^2 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, OIL SLICKS, TANKERS, PATENT,
1043 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
"CELTIC SEA
1044 MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PIPELINES, PATENT, "MOBILE RECEIVER,
1045 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, "SPILL TRACKING BUOY,
1046 MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, CRUSTACEANS, COST ANALYSIS, CONTAMINANTS, "MUSSELS, "BARNACLES,
1047 MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OCEANS, "CIRCULATION PATTERNS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1048 MONITORING, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL DISCHARGES, OIL
INDUSTRY,
1049 MONITORING, DETECTION, BILGES, EALLAST, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTPOMSTRY, WASTE
OIL, "SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETRY,
1050 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PATENT, "OIL-IN-WATER,
1051 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, SEAWATER, "MOTOR BEHAVIOR,
1052 MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, CONTAMINATION, "ADENYLATE
ENERGY CHARGE, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS,
1053 MONITORING, DETECTION, CONTAMINANTS, "OIL-IN-WATER, PATENT,
1054 MONITORING, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, UPTAKE,
1055 MONITORING, WASTE OIL, REFINERIES, SAMPLING, WASTEWATERS,
1056 MONITORING, FISH, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "EELS, "BIO-INDICATORS,
1057 MONITORING, BALTIC SEA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NORTH SEA, NORWEGIAN SEA,
1058 MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, MANUALS, HYDROCAPEONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE,
1059 MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "WIND CONDITIONS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1060 MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "OCEAN CURRENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1061 MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, "MASINE CLIMATOLOGY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1062 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, OCS,
1003 MONITORING, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "PORT
VALDEZ,
1064 MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, "PIPELINE LEAK DETECTORS,
336
-------
1065 MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BILGES, SHIPS "OIL-IN-WAT^R
DETECTOR,
1066 MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, *UN,
1067 MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, WASTEHATERS, REFINERIES
"COLORIMETRY,
1068 MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS PATENT
•OPTICAL SENSOR, • - .
1069 MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SLICKS, PATENT, "LIGHT CENSOR
1070 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, TAR, SOURCES
1077 MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, 'SATELLITE-AIRCRAFT-DROGUE STUDIES,
1090 MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATEBS, REFINERIES TOXICITY
1221 MONITORING, IMCO, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SHIPS,
1304 MONITORING, BILGES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS, RHINE RIVER, 'COMPUTER SURVEILLANCE,
13?0 MONITORING, IMCO, OIL DISCHARGES, TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, "BAILEY
MONITOR PROGRAM,
1335 MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL INDUSTRY, UK, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATERS,
1337 MONITORING, DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL,
"EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
1353 MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, PORTS, UK,
"HILFGRD HAVEN, "OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1"57 MONITORING, DISPFPSANTS, CONTAMINATION, OIL SPILLS, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, *BOOK REVIEW,
14&2 MONITORING, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHINA, OIL SPILLS, PLANKTON, "HONG KONG,
1167 MOi-ilTOPING, ICE, FOOD WEE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
PHYTOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1*69 MONITORING, FISHERIES, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1«71 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, FABITAT, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1^72 MONITORING, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "BEARDED AND RINGED SEALS, "ECOLOGY,
1480 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
ZOOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1481 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
PLANKTON, "ICHTHYOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
U82 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, PLANKTON,
1485 MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF
OF, "PRODUCTIVITY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
14Q1 MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1J1QU MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, PHYTOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1497 MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, "FISH DISEASES,
1498 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1505 MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, CHRONIC EFFECTS,
BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
1547 MONITORING, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
TOXICITY, "AMPHIPODS,
1550 MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, COASTS, EIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
1594 MONITORING, ICE, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPREADING, MOVEMENT, WEATHERING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1617 MONITORING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
DISCHARGES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1621 MONITORING, GUIDELINES, CANADA, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
REGULATIONS,
1023 MOVEMENT, JAPAN, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CLEANUP, "INLAND
1077 MOVEMENT MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, "SATELLITE-AIRCRAFT-DROGUE STUDIES,
H86 MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, WWII SPILLS, TANKERS,
1531 MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
1575 MOVEMENT, ICE, CRUDE OIL,
1576 MOVEMENT, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING, "WAVE INTERACTION ANALYSIS,
1561 MOVEMENT! MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION, ATLANTIC
OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, NOAA,
1583 MOVEMENT, MODELS, FATE, .OIL SPILLS, "GULF STREAM, .„„_„„
1585 MOVEMENT, MODELS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, PRUDHOE BAY, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, "POLLUTANT TRANSPORT,
1588 MOVEMENT) BASELINE STUDIES. ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, "OCEAN
III? TviSrSftlSo^Tc^ C^SDE^L^S^C^S^lD^r^EHtHG, SPILL CLEANUP,
1600 MOVEMENT, MODELS, DRIFT, OIL SPILLS, "COMPUTER MODELING,
337
-------
1352 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, SANTA BARBARA
CHANNEL,
H53 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
API, PLATFORMS,
1400 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
API, PLATFORMS,
1468 NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, API, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION,
PLATFORMS,
1339 NETHERLANDS, LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, POLLUTION CONTROL, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY,
1566 NEUSTON, CASPIAN SEA, BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SLICKS,
*AZOV SEA,
1535 NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, COASTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, PORTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1601 NEW JERSEY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, REGULATIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
OIL TRANSFER,
1118 NEW YORK, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CRANKCASE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
WASTEWATERS,
1035 HOAA, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, SEDIMENTS, PUGET
SOUND, OIL SPILLS,
1579 HOAA, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FATE, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC
OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
1581 NOAA, MOVEMENT, MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, FATE, CONTAMINATION,
ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
1005 NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *WELL BLOWOUT,
1007 NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, "EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORWAY,
1108 NORTH SEA, BEACHES, OIL SPILLS, SCOTLAND,
10C9 NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1011 NORTH SEA, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, *EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP, NORWAY,
1043 NORTH SEA, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
"CELTIC SEA,
1057 NORTH SEA, MONITORING, BALTIC SEA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NORWEGIAN SEA,
11H7 NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
SAFETY, NORWAY,
1162 NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1329 NORTH SEA, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE
DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP,
1333 NORTH SEA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, *SUPPORT SYSTEMS,
1580 NORTH SEA, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, OIL SPILLS, 'COMPUTER
SIMULATION,
1582 NORTH SEA, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL SPILLS, SPILL
RECOVERY, *EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1595 NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
OIL DISCHARGES,
1612 NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY,
1616 NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, EUROPE, POLLUTION CONTROL,
REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1007 NORWAY, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, *EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP,
1011 NORWAY, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, OIL SPILLS, *EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP,
1117 NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY,
1612 NORWAY, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1057 NORWEGIAN SEA, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, BALTIC SEA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1047 OCEANS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, "CIRCULATION PATTERNS, OCS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1075 OCEANS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS,
1079 OCEANS, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, "LASERS,
1083 OCEANS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, SAMPLING,
1108 OCEANS, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, PORTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USSR,
1164 OCEANS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1201 OCEANS, HARBORS, OIL DISCHARGES, SHIPS, ."MERCHANT SHIPS,
1106 OCEANS, FOOD WEE, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1438 OCEANS, FATE, DRIFT, OIL SLICKS, *WAVE DAMPING, »WIND WAVE TUNNEL,
14U6 OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALITY, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION,
1450 OCEANS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1458 OCEANS, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
1587 OCEANS, MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSIONS, SPILL
CONTAINMENT,
1599 OCEANS, MODELS, FATE, OIL SPILLS, "COMPUTER PROGRAMMING,
1017 OCS, MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1031 OCS, MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, "OCEAN CURRENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1040 OCS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1047 OCS, OCEANS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF, "CIRCULATION PATTERNS,
338
-------
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1062 OCS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, FATF, DISTRIBUTION, BASELINE STUDIES
1072 OCS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
1078 OCS, ESTUARIES, DISPERSIONS, REMOTE SENSING, WASTEWATERS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION
1085 CCS, MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS, OIL SPILLS
TOXICITY, '
1099 ocs, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS, TEXAS
1207 OCS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, STORAGE, TANKERS
PIPELINES, OIL TANKS, »HISK ANALYSIS,
1332 OCS, HEALTH HAZARDS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
HELLS, SAFETY, '
1387 OCS, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL
SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "CLAMS,
1478 OCS, EIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, "GEORGES BANK
1191 OCS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1492 OCS, HABITAT, FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1493 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, BENTHOS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, PLANKTON,
1495 OCS, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
14Q7 OCS, MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "FISH DISEASES,
1?10 OCS, CALIFORNIA, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1514 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CALIFORNIA COAST, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1515 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL
WELLS,
1513 OCS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BLM, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "TRACE METALS,
1520 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, "GEOLOGY,
"HYDROLOGY, "YUKON DELTA,
1522 OCS, MARSHES, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS,
PIPELINES, "LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1533 OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1534 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE' STUDIES, ALASKA, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1539 OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
1542 OCS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1545 OCS, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1546 OCS, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,
1590 OCS, MODELS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "CIRCULATION, OIL SPILLS, "TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
15§1 OCS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OIL SPILLS, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, "FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1596 OCS, FATE, EIS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL TRANSPORT, "SUSPENDED MATTER,
1597 OCS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "OCEAN CIRCULATION, OFFSHORE
DEVELOPMENT,
1031 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, "OCEAN CURRENTS,
10^8 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, "ALASKA, "STREAMFLOW, OIL SPILLS,
1040 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, "NATURALLY-OCCURRING HYDROCARBONS,
1043 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, BASELINE STUDIES,
"CELTIC SEA,
1047 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, OCEANS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
"CIRCULATION PATTERNS,
1059 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
1060 OFFS'KORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF
1061 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT,"MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "MARINE CLIMATOLOGY,
1072 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA,
1147 OFFSHOREEDEVELOPMENT,.NORWAY,'NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SPILL
CLEANUP, SAFETY,
1162 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1222 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, OIL TRANSFER,
339
-------
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SPREADING,
OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, "SUPPORT SYSTEMS,
13!47 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, OIL SPILLS,
REGULATIONS, SAFETY, »OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
1350 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
OIL SPILLS, "PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1387 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, "CLAMS,
1119 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
TOXICITY, *PACIFIC HERRING,
1447 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ALASKA, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
1448 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, SEDIMENTS,
RELEASE, *TRACE METALS,
1467 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ICE, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 3EPIMG SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1469 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, FISHERIES, ESTUARIES, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1471 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, HABITAT, COASTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1472 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BEAUFORT SEA, *BEARDED AND RINGED SEALS, *ECOLOGY,
1473 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, *SPOTTED SEAL,
1474 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, ICE, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1475 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA/GULF
OF, »SEA LIONS, "ECOLOGY, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1477 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES,
1479 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
ZOOPLANKTON, "MICRONEKTON,
1480 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, ZOOPLANKTON,
1481 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, PLANKTON, »ICHTHYOPLANKTON,
1483 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, TOXICITY,
•MORTALITY,
1484 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, "PRODUCTIVITY,
1485 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "PRODUCTIVITY, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS,
1487 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
1488 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL-GAS LEASING, OIL SPILLS,
1489 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, "WHALES,
1490 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, OIL-GAS LEASING,
14Q1 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'BENTHOS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA, SEDIMENTS,
1492 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1493 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, BENTHOS, PLANKTON,
1494 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, PHYTOPLANKTON,
"PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1495 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING
SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, "SEALS, "TROPHIC STRUCTURE,
1497 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MONITORING, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "FISH DISEASES,
1498 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1499 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, "SHELLFISH, "DEMERSAL RESOURCES,
1500 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FOOD WEB, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, "ECOLOGY, "HARBOR SEAL,
1501 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA, "SEA OTTERS,
1502 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, ALASKA,
"SEA OTTERS,
1503 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB, FISH, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
1508 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FRANCE, FISHERIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
1510 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, CALIFORNIA, OIL-GAS LEASING, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION.
CONTROL,
340
-------
1513 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, REGULATION"* O^L INDUSTRY
151" OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 5IS, CALIFORNIA COAST, OIL-GAS*'
LEASING ,
1515 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL INDUSTRY, OIL
WELLS ,
1517 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
•CONFERENCES, *COASTAL IMPACTS, ..... '
1518 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HYDROCARBONS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ELM, *TPACE METALS
1519 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA COAST, ONSHOR5 IMPACTS
1520 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIHONMSNTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL SPILLs! *GEOLOGY,
•HYDROLOGY, *YUKON DELTA,
1522 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARSHES, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL SPILLS
PIPELINES, *LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1529 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, INSURANCE, REGULATIONS, SHIPS, PORTS
1533 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA,
153i| OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA,
1535 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, COASTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, PORTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1539 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL SPILLS, *RISK
ANALYSIS,
15" 1 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, SOCIAL EFFECTS,
1542 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1545 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, 5IODEGRADATION , BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES,
15^6 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, 3IODEGRADATION , BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
1591 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, *OCEAN
CIRCULATION, *FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1593 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB, FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, BERING SEA, 'CIRCULATION,
•BRISTOL BAY,
1597 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, *OCEAN
CIRCULATION,
16C6 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, US, OIL-GAS LEASING,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, »OCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
1612 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, REGULATIONS,
1616 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, EUROPE,
POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS,
1626 OFFSHOflE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT,
1630 OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISH, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT
SEA,
1005 OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *WELL BLOWOUT,
1009 OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, OIL SPILLS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1017 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, MEXICO/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS,
1050 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, »OIL-IN-WATER ,
1032 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
SAMPLING, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
1'28 OFFSHORE DRILLING, BLOWOUT PREVENTION, »RISERLESS DRILLING METHOD,
1329 OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, SPILL CLEANUP,
1332 OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, HEALTH HAZARDS, OIL TRANSPORT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
WELLS, SAFETY,
1476 OFFSHORE DRILLING, FOOD WEE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS,
1496 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, *DRILLIMG
WASTES
1507 OFFSHOPE"DRILLING, ONSHORE IMPACTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PRODUCTION,
1=23 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC, SPILL CLEANUP,
1530 OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS,
1531 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS,
BEAUFORT SEA, OIL SPILLS, SPREADING,
1536 OFFSHORE DRILLING, CALIFORNIA COAST, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, *LAND USE
'""QN^LXCTS
156* OFF'HORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION , ATLANTIC COAST,
SAMPLING, »OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1582 OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, FATS, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, OIL SPILLS, SPILL
RECOVERY, »EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1585 OFFSHORE DRILLING, MOVEMENT, MODELS, FATE, CONTAMINANTS, PRUDHOE BAY, 'OCEAN
1588 OFFSHCRDRILLINCOVfiMENTBASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL SPILLS, "OCEAN
141*6 OFFSHORELEXPLORATION, OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION, WATER QUALITY,
1001 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS,
1468 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, API,
341
-------
PLATFORMS,
1473 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, OCS, SIS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC OCEAN, *GEORGES BANK,
I486 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL
TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
1521 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, US, OIL SHALS,
1526 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, HYDROCARBONS, FATE, EXTRACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS,
*PRODUCEC WATERS,
1^28 OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1213 OHIO, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS,
*IRONTON MINE,
1036 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, BILGES, BALLAST, SHIPS,
1048 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, OIL
INDUSTRY,
1201 OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, HARBORS, SHIPS, *MERCHANT SHIPS,
1203 OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSPORT,
SOURCES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1206 OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, UK,
*MILFORD HAVEN,
1219 OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS,
•SUPERTANKERS,
1324 OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US, SPILL
CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE,
1330 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, IMCO, TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, REGULATIONS, *BAILEY
MONITOR PROGRAM,
1331 OIL DISCHARGES, EPA, DRILLING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REGULATIONS, "NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1U49 OIL DISCHARGES, FATE, DISPERSANTS, .CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SHIPS, TANKERS,
1512 OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, PORTS, REGULATIONS, SAFETY, *DEEPWATER
PORT,
1595 OIL DISCHARGES, NORTH SEA, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
1608 OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US, STATE GOVERNMENTS,
•NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1611 OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, US, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1617 OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO, TANKERS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1619 OIL DISCHARGES, LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
1470 OIL FIELDS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, DEVELOPMENT, COASTS, BIRDS, ALASKA, PRUDHOE
BAY, *TUNDRA WETLANDS,
1488 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, OIL SPILLS,
14QO OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1510 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, CALIFORNIA, ONSHORE IMPACTS, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1514 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SIS, CALIFORNIA
COAST
1524 OIL-GAS LEASING, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, BLM, ATLANTIC OCEAN, ARGO
MERCHANT SPILL, *GEORGES BANK,
1606 OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, US,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, »OCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
1048 OIL INDUSTRY, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION,
1096 OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER QUALITY, POLLUTION CONTROL, WASTEWATERS,
SAMPLING, "ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
1238 OIL INDUSTRY, MANUALS, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1288 OIL INDUSTRY, INDUSTRIES, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES,
1335 OIL INDUSTRY, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, UK, OIL SPILLS,
WASTEWATERS,
1342 OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINING, OIL TRANSPORT,
OIL SPILLS,
1442 OIL INDUSTRY, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, "AQUATIC POLLUTION,
1509 OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,
1513 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PLATFORMS, REGULATIONS,
1515 OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, OIL
WELLS,
1525 OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, SCOTLAND,
*SULLOM VOE,
1623 OIL INDUSTRY, HEALTH HAZARDS, GUIDELINES, STORAGE, SAFETY, *BULK PETROLEUM PLANTS,
1625 OIL INDUSTRY, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, OIL
SPILLS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1521 OIL SHALE, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, US,
1527 OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, EIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO, SOLID WASTES, RESTORATION,
342
-------
1537
1538
15^3
1015
1033
1043
1045
1069
1071
1074
1075
1076
1077
1079
1081
1093
1 140
1157
1175
1233
1436
1U65
1551
1565
1570
1577
1586
1592
1624
1005
100?
1108
1C09
101 1
1C14
1C 1-7
1018
1020
1021
1023
1024
1029
1030
1035
1038
1072
1C80
1085
1115
1124
1130
1197
1198
1200
1202
1207
1211
1212
1130
OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION
OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, 'RESEARCH PROGRAMS
OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT,
OIL SLICKS, ENGLAND, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIRDS, RESTORATION,
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, BALLAST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS «OIL-W^ER INTERFACE
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, TANKERS, PATENT
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SPILL TRACKING BUOY
OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT, 'LIGHT SENIOR
OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, USGS, 'LANDSftT IMAGERY
OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING, SURVEILLANCE,
OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, REMOTE SENSING
OIL SLICKS, REMOTE SENSING, SEAWATER, *LIDAR ENERGETICS,
OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, REMOTE SENSING, 'SATELLITE-AIHCRAFT-DROGUE 'TUDI^S
OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DETECTION, REMOTE SENSING, 'LASERS,
OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SAMPLING, SURFACTANTS, PATENT
OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SWEDEN,
OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
OIL SLICKS, SPILL RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, USN, 'GELATION, 'AMINE CARBAMATES,
OIL SLICKS, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, ''NUTRIENT PARTICLES,
OIL SLICKS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, 'POLYURETH.ANE,
OIL SLICKS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, 'REAERATION RATES,
OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, FATE, DRIFT, 'WAVE DAMPING, 'WIND WAVE TUNNEL,
OIL SLICKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, 'OXYGEN EXCHANGE,
'TEMPERATURE, 'LIGHT REDUCTION, 'ROCK POOLS,
OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT,
OIL SLICKS, MEUSTON, CASPIAN SEA, BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF,
'AZOV SEA,
OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, SPREADING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, WFATHERING,
OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, DECOMPOSITION, 'PHOTOCHEMICAL DEGRADATION,
OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, CANADA,
CIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, 'IMPACT LOCATIONS,
OIL SLICKS, ICE, BIODEGPADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, OIL
TRANSFER, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, SPILL CONTAINMENT, 'WELL BLOWOUT,
OIL SPILL'S, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, 'EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, BEACHES, SCOTLAND,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, SPILL CONTAINMENT, 'EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
OIL SPILLS, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, 'EKOFISK BLOWOUT, SPILL CLEANUP,
OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS, 'LIBERIAN REGISTRY,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, DCS, MEXICO/GULF OF,
OIL SPILLS, ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL TRANSFER, PORTS, SHORELINES,
'EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
OIL SPILLS, MANUALS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, STATISTICS, »SETO INLAND SF.A,
OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, JAPAN, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SPILL CLEANUP, 'INLAND
SEA,
OIL SPILLS, MASSACHUSETTS, FUEL OIL, FISHERIES, CONTAMINATION, 'BUZZARDS BAY,
'SHELLFISH RESOURCES,
OIL SPILLS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SHIPS, SOURCES,
OIL SPILLS, NOAA, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ESTUARIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, 'STREAMFLOW,
OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, ALASKA, REMOTE SENSING,
OIL SPILLS, MODELS, DETECTION, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LINEAR
OIL^PILLS^OCS, MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
TOXICITY
OIL^SPILLS 'MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, 'OPTIMAL TANKER SIZE,
OIL SPILLS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTRCSCOPY, SEAWATER,
OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPECTROMETRY, U.S.
OIL SPILLS BIRDS, RESTORATION, SOLVENTS,
OIL SPILLS CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, RESTORATION, TORREY CANYON, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL,
OIL SPILLS LEGISLATION, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, US,
OIL SPILLS LEGISLATION, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS', PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
OIL SPILLS! ocs, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE, TANKERS,
oiLPsPiLLsfKENTUCKY!KENVIRONMENTALYEFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY,
oiL*spiLLst LOUISIANA ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY,
'COTE BLANCHE MINE,
OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, SPSCTROMETRY, *U.S.
BUREAU OP MINES,
343
-------
OIL SPILLS, OHIO, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER DUALITY,
•IRONTON MINE,
1214 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, TEXAS,
"KLEER MINE,
1215 OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY,
"WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
1218 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, "VALDEZ NARROWS,
1219 OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
•SUPERTANKERS,
1223 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION, OIL TRANSPORT, PIPELINES, SPREADING,
•IGNITION HAZARDS,
1224 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, OIL TRANSPORT, TANKERS, PORTS, *VALDEZ
NARROWS,
1227 OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, ALASKA,
PIPELINES,
H21 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, *SPILL CONTROL SCHOOL,
1322 OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITIES,
1327 OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP,
•CONGRESSIONAL BILL,
H33 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, POLLUTION PREVENTION, "SUPPORT SYSTEMS,
1^35 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, UK,
WASTEWATERS,
13H2 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, REFINING, OIL
TRANSPORT,
1346 OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, POLLUTION CONTROL, SHIPS, UK, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1"47 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
REGULATIONS, SAFETY, »OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
mg OIL SPILLS, FISH, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE RIVER, TOXICITY, "CORINTHOS SPILL,
1350 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
ALASKA/GULF OF, 'PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1354 OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, TOXICITY, YEASTS, 'ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE,
1355 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, SHORELINES, *WWII SPILLS,
1'57 OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
UK, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1353 OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, PORTS, UK,
•MILFORD HAVEN, *OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1364 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, VEGETATION, WASHINGTON, »ALPINE MEADOW,
1365 OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PLANTS, SAMPLING, 'SPECIES REDUCTION,
1376 OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALASKA, *PRUDHOE BAY,
H78 OIL SPILLS, METABOLISM, MARINE MAMMALS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "PHYSIOLOGY,
"PINNIPEDS,
1386 OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, WWII SPILLS, TANKERS,
1387 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MOLLUSKS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "CLAMS,
1402 OIL SPILLS, METULA SPILL, MARSHES, MARINE .ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TANKERS,
PORTS, UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1407 OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1424 OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHROMIC EFFECTS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
TOXICITY, "HONG KONG,
1443 OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1445 OIL SPILLS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, SHIPS, PORTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, "SYMPOSIUM,
1457 OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, REFINERIES, TOXICITY, "BOOK REVIEW,
1461 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, SEDIMENTATION, "ANIMAL-SEDIMENT
RELATIONSHIPS,
1462 OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHINA, PLANKTON, "HONG KONG,
1464 OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, BASELINE STUDIES, "COASTAL IMPACTS,
1476 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1486 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BENTHOS, BASELINE
STUDIES, OIL TRANSPORT,
1488 OIL SPILLS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, DISTRIBUTION,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1520 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "GEOLOGY,
"HYDROLOGY, "YUKON DELTA,
1522 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARSHES, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
PIPELINES, "LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1531 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA, SPREADING,
1532 OIL SPILLS, FUELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FOSSIL WATER QUALITY,
1539 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, "RISK
ANALYSIS,
1562 OIL SPILLS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, WEATHERING,
1564 OIL SPILLS, EIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1572 OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, SOLUTION, TOXICITY,
1573 OIL SPILLS, ICE, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, SPREADING, SOLUBILITY, CLEANUP,
344
-------
1571 OIL SPILLS, ICE, COASTS, ARCTIC OCEAN, ALASKA, *OIL-ICE INTERACTION
1576 OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, SPREADING, "WAVE INTERACTION ANALYSIS
1580 OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, 'COMPUTER
SIMULATION,
1582 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, FATE, EVAPORATION, DISPERSIONS, SPILL
RECOVERY, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1583 OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, FATE, *GULF STREAM,
1581 OIL SPILLS, METABOLISM, MASSACHUSETTS, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, FATE,
DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1588 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MOVEMENT, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION,
1590 OIL SPILLS, OCS, MODELS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA, "CIRCULATION, 'TRAJECTORY
ANALYSIS,
1591 OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "OCEAN
CIRCULATION, *FLOW TRAJECTORIES,
1598 OIL SPILLS; ICE, SPREADING, "OIL TEMPERATURE, *ICE TEMPERATURE, "SPILLING RATE;
1599 OIL SPILLS, OCEANS, MODELS, FATE, "COMPUTER PROGRAMMING,
1600 OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, MODELS, DRIFT, "COMPUTER MODELING,
1602 OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT,
1605 OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, SAFETY, TANKERS, US, "CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
1607 OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, SHIPS, TANKERS, "LEGAL PROBLEMS,
1625 OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
1627 OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION , BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BACTERIA, ALGAE, SPILL
CLEANUP,
1629 OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BASELINE STUDIES,
ARCTIC, SUBARCTIC REGIONS,
1633 OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, SPILL CLEANUP,
1207 OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF, OIL TRANSPORT, STORAGE,
TANKERS, PIPELINES, "RISK ANALYSIS,
1232 OIL TANKS, EMULSIONS, BILGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, "DEMULSIFYING
AGENTS,
1141 OIL TANKS, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, USSR,
1018 OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP, PORTS, SHORELINES,
"EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1161 OIL TRANSFER, SPILL RECOVERY, "PORTABLE PUMPS,
1204 OIL TRANSFER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ARCTIC, SHIPS, "PUMPS, "ADAPTS,
1206 OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, UK,
"MILFORD HAVEN,
1220 OIL TRANSFER, MODELS, TANKERS, "ICE COOLING RATES,
1222 OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SPREADING,
1151 OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL
CLEANUP, UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1460 OIL TRANSFER, IRAC, CONTAMINATION, RIVERS, WASTE OIL, TANKERS, "SHATT AL-ARAB,
1601 OIL TRANSFER, NEW JERSEY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, REGULATIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, STATE
GOVERNMENTS,
1620 OIL TRANSFER, GUIDELINES, CRUDE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TANKERS, SAFETY, "TERMINALS,
1624 OIL TRANSFER, OIL SLICKS, ICE, EIODEGRADATION , BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT,
RECOVERY, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL,
1064 OIL TRANSPORT, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, PIPELINES, "PIPELINE LEAK DETECTORS,
1202 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, TANKERS, PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON,
1203 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, FATE,. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
SOURCES, PACIFIC OCEAN,
1207 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF, STORAGE,
TANKERS, PIPELINES, "RISK ANALYSIS,
1210 OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EI5, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, "BRYAN
MOUND SALT DOMES,
1216 OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, STORAGE, WATER QUALITY, "WEST
9ACKBERRY SALT DOME,
1213 01' TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, TANKERS, "VALDEZ NARROWS,
1219 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, TANKERS,
1223 OIL*TRANSPORT!ROIL SPILLS, MODELS, LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION, PIPELINES, SPREADING,
1221 OIL TRANSPORT,' OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, TANKERS, PORTS, "VALDEZ
1329 OILNTPANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, TOPTH SEA, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP,
1332 OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, HEALTH HAZARDS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL
W c1 f I *? SA
1342 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
REFTWIMG
1486 OIL TRANSPORT OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BERING SEA,
BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES,
345
-------
1596 OIL TRANSPORT, OCS, FATE, EIS, ATLANTIC COAST, *SUSPENDED MATTER,
1602 OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA, TANKERS,
1610 OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, US, PORTS, TANKERS, *DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1622 OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, SAFETY, USCG,
1626 OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, PIPELINES,
11U8 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, WASTE OIL, SKIMMERS,
1162 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA,
1171 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT,
1178 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
1186 OIL-WATER SEPAHATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT,
1228 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, PATENT, "DEMULSIFICATION,
1229 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE,
12^0 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1231 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1233 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SHIPS, REFINERIES,
1231 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
1235 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INLAND, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATERS, SKIMMERS, *AFL
INDUSTRIES,
1237 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT, *ZN SALTS,
12"5 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1216 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE,
1217 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS,
1218 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, PATENT, *BROMINATED POLYETHYLENE
GRANULES,
1251 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
REFINERIES, *OZONATION,
1252 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
125^ OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *AERATION, *WEMCO HYDROCLEANER,
1256 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1257 OIL-HATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, PATENT, *METAL
CATALYSTS,
1258 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'AERATION, PATENT,
1260 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, PATENT,
1261 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM, >
1265 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'CELLULOSE FIBERS, PATENT,
1267 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, "POWDERED MICA,
1269 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, PATENT, ,
1273 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, BILGES, SHIPS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *DEMULSIFICATION,
1271 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE,
1275 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, PATENT,
1278 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, PATENT,
1281 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, PATENT, "MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1291 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OXIDATION, PATENT,
1292 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, *FIBROUS BED COALESCERS,
1295 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, PATENT, "POLYPROPYLENE FOAM,
1297 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GERMANY, WEST, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING,
SLUDGE,
1299 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, SKIMMERS,
1300 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, BILGES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "PEAT,
1302 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "ELECTROFLOTATION, COAGULATION,
1303 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT, "POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE,
1305 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, SLUDGE,
1306 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT,
1318 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING,
1617 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1619 OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, LAW ENFORCEMENT, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL,
1112 OIL WELLS, INCINERATION, ICE, CANADA, ARCTIC, "BLOWOUTS, SPILL DISPOSAL,
1263 OIL WELLS, FLOCCULATION, DRILLING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
PATENT,
1332 OIL WELLS, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, HEALTH HAZARDS, POLLUTION
PREVENTION, SAFETY,
1336 OIL WELLS, DISPOSAL, BEAUFORT SEA, BEACHES, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL,
RESTORATION,
1501 OIL WELLS, FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
1506 OIL WELLS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, TOXICITY, "SALMON, "DRILLING MUDS,
1515 OIL WELLS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC
COAST,
1510 OIL WELLS, MODELS, FATE, "SUBMARINE BLOWOUT SIMULATION, CONTAINMENT,
1013 OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
346
-------
1198
1199
1447
1507
1510
1519
1530
1535
1536
1542
1606
1236
1259
1272
1286
1291
1549
1556
1203
1086
1089
1098
1109
1117
1126
1131
1362
1039
1042
1044
1050
1053
1068
1069
1081
1132
1133
me
1138
1139
1140
1155
1156
1158
1159
1160
1165
1166
1167
1170
1171
1174
1175
1176
1177
1179
1180
-1182
1183
1184
1186
1187
1190
1191
OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, RESTORATION TORREY
OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, BIRDS, RESTORATION, PERSONNEL TRAINING ' ' '
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ALASKA, '
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS PRODUCTION
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, CALIFORNIA POLLUTION
CONTROL, '
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA COAST
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ' '
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, COASTS, PORTS
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, CALIFORNIA COAST, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LAND USE
CONFLICTS,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS SPILL
CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, US, «OCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
OXIDATION, FLOTATION, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, COAGULATION,
OXIDATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, *OXYGEN AERATION,
OXIDATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT
OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TOXICITY, "AERATION,
OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT,
OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, *IONIC
CONCENTRATION, *DETERGENTS,
OXIDATION, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, BEACHES, "BEACH GRAVEL,
PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES, FATE,
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SOURCES,
PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, SAMPLING, SOIL, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, 'AGRICULTURE, POLAND,
PAH, MODELS, CARCINOGENS, *BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE,
PAH, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS, SPECTROMETRY,
PAH, EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "FLUORESCENCE,
PAH, LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEDIMENTS, SPECTROMETRY,
PAH, CHPOMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SOURCES, SPECTROMETRY,
SEDIMENTS, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, SOIL, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS,
PAH, FISH, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "3,4-EENZOPYRENE,
PATENT, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BALLAST, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, WASTEWATERS, "SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST, TANKERS,
PATENT, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PIPELINES, "MOBILE RECEIVER,
PATENT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *OIL-IN-WATER,
PATENT, MONITORING, DETECTION, CONTAMINANTS, "OIL-IN-WATER,
PATENT, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINANTS,
"OPTICAL SENSOR
PATENT, OIL SLICKS,' MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "LIGHT SENSOR,
PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SAMPLING, SURFACTANTS,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, "FENDING DEVICE,
PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ABSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ADSORPTION, SPILL CONTAINMENT,
PATENT', OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, "UNDERWATER FISSURES,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, SURFACTANTS,
PATENT, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, SPILL DISPOSAL, SOIL,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "SORBENT BROADCASTER,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
PATENT, DESIGN^ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
PATENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "GLASS FIBER BLANKETS,
PA™' OIL"SLICKS!EMICROORGANISMS^ BIODEGRADATION, SPILL CLEANUP, "NUTRIENT PARTICLES,
PATENT ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "ABSORBENT POLYMERS,
PATENT ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "ABSORBENT POWDER,
PATENT DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, "OIL MOP RIGGING SYSTEM,
PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, "GUIDED JET,
PATENT' ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, SEAWATER,
PATENT! DESIGN-ENGINEERING!ESKIMMERS, SHIPS, "WAVE DAMPING DEVICE,
PATENT OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
PATENT' DISPERSIONS, SPILL CLEANUP, "ASBESTOS MINE WASTES,
PATENT, SPILL RECOVERY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "ADHESIVE POLYMER FILM,
PATENT, EMULSIONS, ABSORPTION, "POLYURETHANE FOAM CHIPS,
347
-------
1192 PATENT, ADSORPTION, «POLYURETHANE FOAM,
1195 PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, "FLEXIBLE FLOATING PIPE,
1196 PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
1228 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, *DEMULSIFICATION,
1237 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, »ZN SALTS,
12ln PATENT, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM
PRODUCTS,
12111 PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION,
1218 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE, "BROMINATED POLYETHYLENE
GRANULES,
1252 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1256 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1257 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, *METAL
CATALYSTS
1258 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *AERATION,
1260 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION,
1263 PATENT, OIL WELLS, FLOCCULATION, DRILLING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
1265 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *CELLULOSE FIBERS,
1266 PATENT, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL,
1267 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *POWDFRED MICA,
1269 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE,
1272 PATENT, OXIDATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
1275 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, HYDROCARBONS, DISPERSIONS, COALESCENCE,
1277 PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL,
1278 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1281 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, "MAGNETIC
POWDER,
1283 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, »POLYURETHANE,
1291 PATENT, OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTSWATER TREATMENT,
1295 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, *POLYPROPYLENE FOAM,
1298 PATENT, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, POLLUTION CONTROL, REFINERIES, SPILL CLEANUP,
1303 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, *POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE,
1306 PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL,
1311 PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS,
1313 PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FILTRATION, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION,
1319 PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS,
PRECIPITATION,
1320 PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, REFINING,
1331 PATENT, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, PIPELINES, *ACOUSTIC LEAK DETECTION,
1551 PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SPILL CLEANUP,
1199 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, BIRDS, RESTORATION,
1321 PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION CONTROL, *SPILL CONTROL SCHOOL,
1086 PETROCHEMICALS, PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, SAMPLING, SOIL, REFINERIES, "AGRICULTURE, POLAND,
1092 PETROCHEMICALS, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING, REFINERIES,
SOURCES, "MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1113 PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTE OIL, *X-RAY FLUORESCENCE,
1236 PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, COAGULATION,
1238 PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, MANUALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION
CONTROL,
1217 PETROCHEMICALS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1270 PETROCHEMICALS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS,
1279 PETROCHEMICALS, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, REFINING, RIVERS, USSR,
1280 PETROCHEMICALS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION,
1282 PETROCHEMICALS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1281 PETROCHEMICALS, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1338 PETROCHEMICALS, FUELS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1113 PETROCHEMICALS, FISH, TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
1509 PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT, REFINERIES,
1039 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BALLAST, WASTEWATERS, "SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
1057 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, NORWEGIAN SEA, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, BALTIC SEA,
1102 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, FLORIDA, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, SEDIMENTS,
1105 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "GRAVIMETRIC DETERMINATION,
SOLVENTS,
1108 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OCEANS, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS, PORTS, USSR,
1112 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SEAWATER, "NAPHTHENIC ACIDS,
1131 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS,
SOIL,
1190 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, SPILL RECOVERY, "ADHESIVE POLYMER FILM,
1212 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1243 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
348
-------
1262 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTE OIL TREATMENT
1279 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, REFINING, RIVERS USSR
1361 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, BLACK SEA, BENTHOS, TOXICITY "SHfilMP
"ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1362 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, FISH, UPTAKE, RELEASE, *?. , 4-BENZOPYRENE,
1383 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MOLLUSKS, CALIFORNIA/SOUTHERN, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS »TOLERANCE
VARIABILITY, "LITTOPIMA, "
1397 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, FISH TOXICITY
1401 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
1406 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OCEANS, FOOD WEB, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, PHYTOPLANKTON,
1413 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, FISH, TOXICITY,
1432 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE,
1441 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TANKS, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, USSR,
1456 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, TOXICITY, "CONTROLLED MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
1463 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION,
1547 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MONITORING, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ARCTIC
TOXICITY, *AMPHIPCDS,
1557 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MICROORGANISMS, FUELS, BIODEGRADATION,
1564 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL SPILLS, BIODEGPADATION , BACTERIA,
1620 PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TRANSFER, GUIDELINES, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, SAFETY, 'TERMINALS,
1236 ?H CONTROL, PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, FLOTATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, COAGULATION,
1237 PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *ZN SALTS,
1266 PH CONTROL, PATENT, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1277 PH CONTROL, PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1237 PH CONTROL, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, COAGULATION, "AERATION,
1306 PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1437 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, "REAERATION SATES,
1465 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, PLANTS, *OXYGEN EXCHANGE,
"TEMPERATURE, "LIGHT REDUCTION, "ROCK POOLS,
1570 PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, SPREADING, WEATHERING,
1193 PHYTOPLANKTON, EMULSIFIERS, SOLVENTS, SURFACTANTS, TOXICITY,
1348 PHYTOPLANKTON, ICE, BEAUFORT SEA, ALGAE, "PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, "OIL-UNDER-ICE,
1339 PHYTOPLANKTON, MARSHES, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, "DIATOMS,
1392 PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION,
BACTERIA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
1406 PHYTOPLANKTON, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OCEANS, FOOD WEB, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1412 PHYTOPLANKTON, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "DINOFLAGELLATES, "DIATOMS,
T418 PHYTOPLANKTOH, LAKES, HYDROCARBONS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "OUTBOARD MARINE ENGINE
EXHAUST,
1427 PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS, EMULSIFIERS, TOXICITY,
1467 PHYTOPLANKTCN, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, ICE, FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
11(9 H PHYTCPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BASELINE STUDIES,
"PRIMARY PRODUCTION,
1014 PIPELINES, PATENT, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, "MOBILE RECEIVER,
106" PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, MONITORING, LEAKAGE, "PIPELINE LEAK DETECTORS,
1207 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF OF,
STORAGE, TANKERS, "RISK ANALYSIS,
1223 PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION, SPREADING,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
1227 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT,
ALASKA,
n'U PIPELINES, PATENT, LEAKAGE, DETECTION, "ACOUSTIC LEAK DETECTION,
1522 PIPELINES, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MARSHES, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, "LAFOURCHE PARISH,
1626 PIPPLINES OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
1088 PLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA, SAMPLING, SEAWATER,
1462 PLANKTON OIL SPILLS, 'MONITORING, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CHINA, *HONG KONG,
1481 PLANKTON OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "ICHTHYOPLANKTON,
1U82 PLANKTON, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
1493 PLANKTON! OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ocs, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECOSYSTEMS, BENTHOS,
1356 PLANTS CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ARCTIC, ALGAE, ALASKA, "LICHENS,
1365 PLANTS OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, SAMPLING, "SPECIES REDUCTION,
408 PLANTS HYDPOCARBO'JS FOOD WEB, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "PHOTOSYNTHESIS, "ZOSTERA MARINA,
1465 PLANTS PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ANIMALS, "OXYGEN EXCHANGE,
162, t^f'll^^ STORAGE, SAFETY, "BULK PETROLEUM
1353 PLATFORMS^ NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
FFFECTS " API
1400 PLATFORMS, 'NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIOLOGICAL
1468 PLA|FO|MS?'OFFSRORE PRODUCTION, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL
349
-------
EFFECTS, API,
1513 PLATFORt-'S, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, REGULATIONS,
1086 POLAND, PETROCHEMICALS, PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, SAMPLING, SOIL, REFINERIES, "AGRICULTURE,
1096 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATERS,
SAMPLING, "ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
1152 POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, "SALVAGE TUG, SPILL CLEANUP,
1153 POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, "SALVAGE TUG, SPILL CLEANUP,
1205 POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS, TANKERS, SEGREGATED
PALLAST , REGULATIONS, USCG,
1238 POLLUTION CONTROL, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, MANUALS, WASTEWATEP TREATMENT,
REFINERIES,
1298 POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, SPILL CLEANUP,
1321 POLLUTION CONTROL, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OIL SPILLS, "SPILL CONTROL SCHOOL,
1330 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, IMCO, TANKERS, REGULATIONS, "BAILEY
MONITOR PROGRAM,
H36 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL WELLS, DISPOSAL, BEAUFORT SEA, .BEACHES, SPILL CLEANUP,
RESTORATION,
1337 POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEAUFORT SEA, SPILL CLEANUP,
"EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
1339 POLLUTION CONTROL, NETHERLANDS, LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, TANKERS, WATER
QUALITY,
1341) POLLUTION CONTROL, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS,
13U5 POLLUTION CONTROL, CANADA, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "EQUIPMENT TESTING,
1346 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBOPS, SHIPS, UK, "MILFORD, HAVEN,
1M4Q POLLUTION CONTROL, MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS, "INDUSTRY COSTS,
1443 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1445 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, SHIPS, PORTS, "SYMPOSIUM,
1510 POLLUTION CONTROL, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS,
CALIFORNIA,
1559 POLLUTION CONTROL, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION,
1614 POLLUTION CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, REGULATIONS, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST,
1615 POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS, EUROPE, REGULATIONS,
1619 POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, SHIPS,
1621 POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, GUIDELINES, CANADA, REFINERIES, WASTEWATERS,
REGULATIONS,
1010 POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, SAFETY, US, "LIBERIAN REGISTRY LAWS,
1033 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, BALLAST, TANKERS, "OIL-WATER INTERFACE,
1066 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, CONTAMINANTS, "UN,
1080 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, DETECTION, COASTS, REMOTE SENSING, "LINEAR
PROGRAMMING,
11H5 POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, USCG,
1157 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SLICKS, SPILL RECOVERY, USN, "GELATION, "AMINE CARBAMATES,
1200 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, TANKEHS, US,
1221 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, IMCO, REGULATIONS, SHIPS,
1322 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, "LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITIES,
1325 POLLUTION PREVENTION, FRANCE, CRUDE OIL, SPILL CLEANUP, "POLMAR PLAN,
1326 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEAKAGE, SHIPS, "STERN GEAR SYSTEM,
1327 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION, SPILL CLEANUP,
"CONGRESSIONAL BILL,
1329 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, SPILL CLEANUP,
1331 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, EPA, DRILLING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
REGULATIONS, "NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1332 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL WELLS, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, HEALTH
HAZARDS, SAFETY,
1333 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, "SUPPORT SYSTEMS,
1338 POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROCHEMICALS, FUELS, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1311 POLLUTION PREVENTION, MICHIGAN, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "FREEWAY RUNOFF,
1312 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
REFINING,
1313 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, SURVEILLANCE, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION, USCG,
1443 POLLUTION PREVENTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS,
1450 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OCEANS,
1451 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, PORTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, UK, "MILFOPD HAVEN,
1528 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS, SAFETY,
1536 POLLUTION PREVENTION, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, CALIFORNIA COAST, "LAND USE
CONFLICTS,
1512 POLLUTION PREVENTION, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1611 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS, !
US,
350
-------
1613 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, FRANCE, TANKERS, "FRENCH MARITIME LAW, "OLYMPIC
BRAVERY SPILL,
1615 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO HARBORS
COMPENSATION, COASTS, SHIPS, ' n*nDLni'
1617 POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, INTERNATIONAL
CONVENTIONS, IMCO, TANKERS,
1618 POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO
1393 POLYCHAETES, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, UK, "ARENICOLA MARINA L
*MILFQRD HAVEN,
1416 POLYCHAETES, FUEL OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE, RELEASE, "NAPHTHALENE,
"NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA, ninm.c.Mc.,
1018 PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP, SHORELINES,
*EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1108 PORTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OCEANS, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SEDIMENTS USSR
1206 PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS UK
*MILFORD HAVEN, '
1221 PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, TANKERS, *VALDEZ
NARROWS,
1357 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES,
UK, «M.ILFORD HAVEN, '
1358 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATSRS, REFINERIES, UK,
»M.ILFORD HAVEN, "OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1402 PORTS, OIL SPILLS, METULA SPILL, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
TANKERS, UK, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1445 PORTS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, SHIPS, "SYMPOSIUM,
1451 PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SPILL
CLEANUP, UK, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1512 PORTS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, REGULATIONS, SAFETY, "DEEPWATER
PORT,
1529 PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, INSURANCE, REGULATIONS, SHIPS,
1535 PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, COASTS,
SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1610 PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, US, TANKERS, "DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1019 PORTUGAL, SPILL CLEANUP, TANKERS, "JAKOB MAERSK SPILL,
1319 PRECIPITATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
RECLAMATION, SURFACTANTS,
1507 PRODUCTION, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
1516 PRODUCTION, MODELS, GROUNDWATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "TERTIARY OIL RECOVERY
METHODS, WATER QUALITY,
1525 PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SCOTLAND,
"SULLOM VOE,
1537 PRODUCTION, OIL SHALE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT,
1609 PRODUCTION, LEGISLATION, EPA, US, WATER CUALITY, "UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1035 PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BASELINE
STUDIES, SEDIMENTS,
1094 PUGET SOUND, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SEDIMENTS, SPECTROSCOPY, WASHINGTON,
1202 PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, TANKERS, WASHINGTON,
1244 RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
1250 RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SOURCES,
1255 RECLAMATION, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, USN,
1308 RECLAMATION, INDUSTRIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTE OIL,
H10 RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, "BERC/ERDA SOLVENT,
1311 RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, SURFACTANTS,
1312 RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OILS, "REREFINING PROCESS,
1313 RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FILTRATION, .WASTE OIL,
m4 RECLAMATION FUEL OIL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, REUSE, "MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
ni6 RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONSERVATION, WASTE OIL, UK,
1317 RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, WASTE OIL, REFINING, REUSE,
1319 RECLAMATION! PRECIPITATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FLOCCULATION, WASTE OIL
TREATMENT, SURFACTANTS,
1320 RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL, REFINING,
1297 RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GERMANY, WEST, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SLUDGE,
1305 RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL, SLUDGE,
nil RECYCLING' OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
602 RECYCLING LEGISLATION WASTE OIL, STATE GOVERNMENTS, "LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,
\\ll RED SEA CRUDE OIL CORALS; ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, "HETEHOXENIA FUSCSSCENS,
1028 REFINERIES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
RFF-?NERIESTEMONITORINGS'WASTE OIL, SAMPLING, HASTEWATERS,
106? REFINERIES! MONITORING! CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, WASTSWATERS,
"COLORIMETRY,
351
-------
108!* REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BEACHES, SAMPLING, SEDIMENTS,
1086 REFINERIES, POLAND, PETROCHEMICALS, PAH, HEALTH HAZARS, SAMPLING, SOIL, "AGRICULTURE,
1090 REFINERIES, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY,
1092 REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SAMPLING,
SOURCES, 'MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1233 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SHIPS,
1238 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, MANUALS, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,
1210 REFINERIES, INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SLUDGE, 'FLUID BED
INCINERATION,
1211 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1251 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION, COALESCENCE, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT, 'OZONATION, '
1259 REFINERIES, OXIDATION, WASTSWATER TREATMENT, 'OXYGEN AERATION,
1261 REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *SLUDGE DEWATERING,
1268 REFINERIES, INCINERATION, HASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, USSR,
1270 REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS,
1272 REFINERIES, PATENT, OXIDATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1280 REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION,
1289 REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATERS, SOURCES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'OXIDATION
LAGOONS, 'ACTIVATED CARBON,
1290 REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1293 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'OZONE AERATION, "BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION,
1297 REFINERIES, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GERMANY, WEST, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SLUDGE,
1298 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
1299 REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SKIMMERS,
1301 REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, 'ACID PRETREATMENT,
1303 REFINERIES, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE,
1738 REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROCHEMICALS, FUELS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1357 REFINERIES, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS,
UK, 'MILFORD HAVEN,
1358 REFINERIES, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, UK,
'MILFORD HAVEN, 'OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1359 REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, SHORELINES, VEGETATION, UK,
1371 REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WAS'TEWATERS, VEGETATION, UK, 'SALTMARSH,
1392 REFINERIES, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, WASTEWATERS,
1398 REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, WASTEWATERS, 'REDEAR SUNFISH,
ItttO REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, 'INDUSTRY COSTS,
1457 REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, TOXICITY, 'BOOK REVIEW,
1509 REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT,
1511 REFINERIES, INDUSTRIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, 'ENERGY CONSERVATION, 'TECHNOLOGY
INNOVATION,
1621 REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, GUIDELINES, CANADA, WASTEWATERS,
REGULATIONS,
1279 REFINING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, RIVERS, USSR,
1317 REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, WASTE OIL, REUSE,
1320 REFINING, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, WASTE OIL,
1312 REFINING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
11H5 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, SAFETY, USCG,
1205 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS, TANKERS,
SEGREGATED BALLAST, USCG,
1221 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING, IMCO, SHIPS,
1330 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, IMCO, TANKERS, 'BAILEY
MONITOR PROGRAM,
1331 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, EPA, DRILLING, CONTINGENCY
PLANNING, 'NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1317 REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SAFETY, 'OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
1459 REGULATIONS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINANTS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, »BOOK
REVIEW,
1512 REGULATIONS, PORTS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, SAFETY, 'DEEPWATER
PORT,
1513 REGULATIONS, PLATFORMS, OIL INDUSTRY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1529 REGULATIONS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, INSURANCE, SHIPS,
1601 REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, NEW JERSEY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, SPILL CLEANUP, STATE
GOVERNMENTS,
1612 REGULATIONS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY,
1614 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST,
1616 REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORTH SEA, LIABILITY,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, EUROPE,
1621 REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, GUIDELINES, CANADA, WASTEWATERS,
352
-------
1622
1053
1063
REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, TANKERS, SAFETY, IJ^CG
RELEASE, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, MANUALS.' HYDROCARBONS UPTAK*
INTERTIDAL ZONE' CRUDE OIL' ALASKA, SEDIMENTS, UPTAKE, "PORT
1377
1396
1416
1448
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
107S
1079
1080
1517
1173
1197
1198
1199
1336
1527
1314
1317
1304
1182
1194
1279
1460
1569
1573
1589
1010
1147
1226
1332
1347
1512
1528
1605
1620
1622
1623
1055
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
RELEASE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, FISH, UPTAKE. *3 ,4-BENZOPYRENE
RELEASE, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, UPTAKE, "LABELED N-ALKANES
RELEASE, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, UPTAKE
"BIOTRANSFORMATION,
RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, FUEL OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, UPTAKE. "NAPHTHALENE
"NEANTHES ARENACEODENTATA , • - .
RELEASE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
SEDIMENTS, *TR ACE METALS ,
RELEASE, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, UPTAKE, 'BENZENE, "NORTHERN ANCHOVY, "STRIPED BASS,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DETECTION, USGS, *LANDSAT IMAGERY,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ALASKA,
REMOTE SENSING, CONTAMINANTS, BALTIC SEA, *WIND EFFECTS, "WAVE EFFECTS
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SURVEILLANCE,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, SEAWATER, "LIDAR ENERGETICS,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, "SATELLITE-AIRCRAFT-DROGUE STUDIES,
REMOTE SENSING, OCS, ESTUARIES, DISPERSIONS, WASTEWATERS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION,
REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, OCEANS, DETECTION, "LASERS,
REMOTE SENSING, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, DETECTION, COASTS, "LINEAR
PROGRAMMING,
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS,
"CONFERENCES, "COASTAL IMPACTS,
RESTORATION, OIL SLICKS, ENGLAND, CONTAMINATION, COASTS, BIRDS,
RESTORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, CANADA, SPILL CLEANUP,
RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS, SOLVENTS,
RESTORATION, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, TORREY CANYON,
RESTORATION, PERSONNEL TRAINING, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, BIRDS,
RESTORATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL WELLS, DISPOSAL, BEAUFORT SEA, BEACHES, SPILL
CLEANUP,
RESTORATION, OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, SIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO, SOLID HASTES,
REUSE, RECLAMATION, FUEL OIL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, "MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
REUSE, REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, WASTE OIL,
RHINE RIVER, MONITORING, BILGES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS, "COMPUTER SURVEILLANCE,
RIVERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, WASTE OIL, SEAWATER,
RIVERS, ICE, CANADA, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, "ST. CLAIR 4 DETROIT
RIVERS,
RIVERS, REFINING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, USSR,
RIVERS, OIL TRANSFER, IRAQ, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL, TANKERS, "SHATT AL-ARAB,
RIVERS, ICE, CRUDE OIL, COALESCENCE, BEHAVIOR, SPREADING, EMUSIFICATION ,
RIVERS, HYDROCARBONS, FRANCE, FLOCCULATION, SEDIMENTATION, "GULF OF LION,
RIVERS, CONTAMINATION, BIODEGRADATION, SEDIMENTS, "PARPAMATTA RIVER, "MUDS,
SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, TANKERS, US, "LIBERIAN REGISTRY LAWS,
SAFETY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, SPILL CLEANUP, USCG,
SAFETY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS,
SPILL CLEANUP,
SAFETY, MEXICO/GULF OF, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, TANKERS,
USCG, "FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL WELLS, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, OCS, HEALTH
HAZARDS,
SAFETY, REGULATIONS, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS,
DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OCEAN TECHNOLOGY,
SAFETY, REGULATIONS, PORTS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, "DEEPWATER
PORT
SAFETY 'POLLUTION PREVENTION, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ECONOMICS,
SAFETY OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, TANKERS, US, "CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
"AFETY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TRANSFER, GUIDELINES, CRUDE OIL, TANKERS, "TERMINALS,
SAFETY REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, TANKERS, USCG,
SAFETY PLANTS OIL INDUSTRY, HEALTH HAZARDS, GUIDELINES, STORAGE, "BULK PETROLEUM
SAMPLING, REFINERIES, MONITORING, WASTE OIL, WASTEWATERS,
SAMPLING PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SURFACTANTS,
SAMPLING OFFSHORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
ATLANTIC COAST, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS,
F, BEACHES, SEDIMENTS,
SAMPLING; OIL SPILLS, ocs, MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ALABAMA, SEDIMENTS,
SAMPLINGITREFINERIES, POLAND, PETROCHEMICALS, PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, SOIL, "AGRICULTURE,
1MJ8S; Wlffi" $ho&WlC, ?Sl™'c™ic»L ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA, SEAWATER,
353
-------
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
1092 SAMPLING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SOURCES, "MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1096 SAMPLING, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER QUALITY,
WASTEWATERS, "ON-LIFE INSTRUMENTATION,
1'6* SAMPLING, PLANTS, OIL SPILLS, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "SPECIES REDUCTION,
1553 SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA,
1554 SAMPLING, MICROORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
1563 SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION, ATLANTIC
COAST, "OIL DEVELOPMENT SITES,
1352 SANTA BARBARA CHANNEL, NATURAL SEEPAGE, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHRONIC
EFFECTS,
1108 SCOTLAND, OIL SPILLS, NORTH SEA, BEACHES,
1525 SCOTLAND, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
"SULLOM VOE,
1051 SEAWATER, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, CRUSTACEANS, "MOTOR BEHAVIOR,
1076 SEAWATER, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, "LIDAR ENERGETICS,
1082 SEAWATER, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, SEDIMENTS,
1088 SEAWATEP, SAMPLING, PLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
SEDIMENTS, SOURCES,
1112 SEAWATER, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DETECTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "NAPHTHENIC ACIDS,
112U SEAWATER, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPY,
1182 SEAWATER, RIVERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL CLEANUP, WASTE OIL,
1461 SEDIMENTATION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, "ANIMAL-SEDIMENT
RELATIONSHIPS,
1578 SEDIMENTATION, RIVERS, HYDROCARBONS, FRANCE, FLOCCULATION, "GULF OF LION,
1032 SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOS, UK, "SUELITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1035 SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND, OIL SPILLS, NOAA, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BASELINE STUDIES,
1063 SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, MONITORING, INTSRTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, UPTAKE, "PORT
VALDEZ,
1082 SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, SAMPLING, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MICROORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION,
.BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST,
1084 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, BEACHES,
1085 SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, OCS, MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES, ALABAMA,
TOXICITY,
1088 SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, SAMPLING, PLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
BEAUFORT SEA, SOURCES,
1091 SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1094 SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,-CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, WASHINGTON,
1102 SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, HYDROCARBONS, FLORIDA, COASTS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
1108 SEDIMENTS, PORTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OCEANS, CONTAMINATION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, USSR,
1117 SEDIMENTS, PAH, LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY,
1121 SEDIMENTS, LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
SPECTROSCOPY, "FLUORESCENCE,
1126 SEDIMENTS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SOURCES,
SPECTROMETRY, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1131 SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION,
SOIL,
1409 SEDIMENTS, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS, ARCTIC, "AMPHIPODS,
"ISOPODS,
1426 SEDIMENTS, MOLLUSKS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, "CLAMS, "INDICATOR
SPECIES, "MACOMA EALTHICA,
1448 SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MICROORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE
OIL, "TRACE METALS,
1491 SEDIMENTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, OCS, MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BENTHOS,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA,
1560 SEDIMENTS, COASTS, BLACK SEA, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, "COASTAL WATERS, USSR,
1567 SEDIMENTS, MICROORGANISMS, CHESAPEAKE BAY, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS ,
1589 SEDIMENTS, RIVERS, CONTAMINATION, BIODEGRADATION, "PARRAMATTA RIVER, "MUDS,
1205 SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, COST
ANALYSIS, TANKERS, USCG,
1614 SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
TANKERS,
1030 SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS, SOURCES,
1036 SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, BILGES, BALLAST,
1065 SHIPS, MONITORING, FUEL OIL, DETECTION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BILGES, "OIL-IN-WATER
DETECTOR,
1184 SHIPS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SKIMMERS, "WAVE DAMPING DEVICE,
1201 SHIPS, OIL DISCHARGES, OCEANS, HARBORS, "MERCHANT SHIPS,
354
-------
1204 SHIPS, OIL TRANSFER, DESIGN-E GINEERING, RCTIC "PUMPS 'ADAPTS
1221 SHIPS,REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MONITORING IMCO ' '
'"" SHIPS, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING WASTFWAT^R TREATMENT
.9HTPR nTI-UfiTSID QPDADATTAM rMTTf OfndTO nrr sir.n r,.«m«, L TRPflTMrMT "«---"---- - ' -
fggl: KiK'&K^^ HAVEN'
IS™!' ^DISCHARGES, FATE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, TANKERS,
SHIPS, REGULATIONS, PORTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LIABILITY, INSURANCE
\l°,l lull*' °^tSPILLS' LEGISLATI°N. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, US, TANKERS *LEGAL PROBLEMS,
1615 SHIPS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LIABILITY, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO. HARBORS,
COMPENSATION, COASTS,
1619 SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
1018 SHORELINES, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION, SPILL CLEANUP,
*EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1355 SHORELINES, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, 'WWII SPILLS,
1359 SHORELINES, REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, HASTEWATERS, VEGETATION, UK,
1110 SKIMMERS, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,. BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1113 SKIMMERS, SPILL CLEANUP, SPILL RECOVERY, 'STRAIT OF -MALACCA,
1146 SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY, *CLEAN SWEEP OIL SKIMMER,
1143 SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, WASTE OIL,
1149 SKIMMERS, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP, *VIKOMA INTERNATIONAL,
1151 SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL CLEANUP, 'DYNAMIC INCLINED PLANE SKIMMER,
1154 SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY,
1158 SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL CLEANUP,
1166 SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS, SPILL RECOVERY,
116? SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY,
1169 SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, *OELA-III SKIMMER,
1172 SKIMMERS, MODELS, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, »HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS,
1174 SKIMMERS, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, SPILL CLEANUP,
1177 SKIMMERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, 'ABSORBENT POWDER,
1184 SKIMMERS, SHIPS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, *WAVE DAMPING DEVICE,
1188 SKIMMERS, ICE, FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPILL RECOVERY, 'LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1189 SKIMMERS,- DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SPILL RECOVERY, *SLURP WEIR SKIMMER,
1196 SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1235 SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INLAND, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTEWATERS, *AFL
INDUSTRIES,
1299 SKIMMERS, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1344 SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, BOOMS, SPILL CLEANUP,
1345 SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CANADA, SPILL RECOVERY, 'EQUIPMENT TESTING,
1229 SLUDGE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
1240 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, 'FLUID BED
INCINERATION,
1261 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, 'SLUDGE DEWATEFING,
1268 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, USSR,
1276 SLUDGE, INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS, SOLID WASTES,
1287 "LUDGE PH CONTROL, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, WASTEWATSR TREATMENT, COAGULATION, 'AERATION,
1297 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GERMANY, WEST, WASTEWATER
TREATMENT,.
1301 SLUDGE, REFINERIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, *ACID PRETREATMENT,
1305 SLUDGE, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL,
1541 SOCIAL EFFECTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, ALASKA,
1222 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS, SPREADING,
1507 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, PRODUCTION, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DRILLING,
1525 SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, SCOTLAND, PRODUCTION, OIL INDUSTRY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1535 SOCIO-ECONOMIC 'EFFECTS, PORTS, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NEW JERSEY,
1086 SOIL!LSAMPLING?AREFINERIES, POLAND, PETROCHEMICALS, PAH, HEALTH HAZARDS, 'AGRICULTURE,
1131 SOIL! SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, SOURCE
IDENTIFICATION,
1160 SOIL, PATENT, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION , SPILL DISPOSAL,
11S1 SOTL CONTAMINATION. 'OIL REMOVAL, 3DETERGENTS,
n94 SOIL FUNGI CRUDE OIL BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, WASTE OIL,
276 SOLID HASTES SLUDGE; INCINERATION, DISPOSAL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, COST ANALYSIS,
288 SOLID WASTES OIL INDUSTRY, INDUSTRIES, DISPOSAL, WASTEWATERS,
nOO 'OLID WASTES WASTE OIL TREATMENT, 'ENERGY SOURCES,
527 SOLID WASTES' RESTORATION OIL SHALE, EXTRACTION, EIS, DISPOSAL, COLORADO,
\\T( SOLUBILITY OIL SPILLS ICE, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, SPREADING, CLEANUP,
}lll In^MTTOH OIL SPILLS MODFLS HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE OIL, TOXICITY,
n« smVFNTs' HYDROCAHBOHS EXTRACTION , CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY ,
nil loill^l: BE^EUM PRODUCTS! EXTRACTION, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, 'GRAVIMETRIC
DETERMINATION,
355
-------
1193 SOLVENTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, EMULSIFIERS, SURFACTANTS, TOXICITY,
1197 SOLVENTS, RESTORATION, OIL SPILLS, BIRDS,
11H3 SOLVENTS, FISH, DISPERSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, TOXICITY, *FISH LARVAE,
1119 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, API,
1123 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1121 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEAWATER, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROSCOPY,
1125 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "LUMINESCENCE CONTOUR SPECTRA,
1126 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, SOURCES,
SPECTROMETRY, »AOUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1127 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, *FLUOROMETRY,
1128 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, ANALTYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROMETRY,
1129 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, *TAR BALLS, SAMPLING, CRUDE
OIL, WEATHERING, ISRAEL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
mo SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY,
«US BUREAU OF MINES,
mi SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SOIL, SEDIMENTS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, HYDROCARBONS, CRUDE
OIL,
13U3 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, SPILL CLEANUP,
SURVEILLANCE, USCG,
1625 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
1016 SOURCES, ITALY, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, WASTEWATERS, *GULF OF TRIESTE,
1028 SOURCES, REFINERIES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
WASTEWATERS,
1030 SOURCES, SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, TANKERS,
1070 SOURCES, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA, TAR,
1088 SOURCES, SEDIMENTS, SEAWATER, SAMPLING, PLANKTON, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1092 SOURCES, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, "MISSISSIPPI DELTA,
1126 SOURCES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
SPECTROMETRY, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1203 SOURCES, PACIFIC OCEAN, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISHERIES,
FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1250 SOURCES, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL,
1289 SOURCES, REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATERS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "OXIDATION
LAGOONS', "ACTIVATED CARBON,
1150 SOUTH AFRICA, SPILL CLEANUP, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY,
1152 SOUTH AFRICA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SALVAGE TUG,
1153 SOUTH AFRICA, SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SALVAGE TUG,
1453 SPAIN, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, URQUIOLA
SPILL,
10X9 SPECTROMETRY, MONITORING, DETECTION, BILGES, BALLAST, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTE
OIL, "SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTROMETRY,
10P5 SPECTROMETRY, SOLVENTS, HYDROCARBONS, EXTRACTION, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1098 SPECTROMETRY, PAH, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CARCINOGENS,
1111 SPECTROMETRY, CONTAMINANTS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "POLLUTANT CLASSIFICATION,
"COMPUTER-SPECTROMETER SYSTEM,
1117 SPECTROMETRY, SEDIMENTS, PAH, LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1126 SPECTROMETRY, SOURCES, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEDIMENTS, PAH, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL
ANALYSIS, "AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT,
1128 SPECTROMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, ANALTYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1130 SPECTROMETRY, CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, OIL SPILLS, CRUDE OIL, *U.S. BUREAU
OF MINES,
109" SPECTROSCOPY, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY,
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASHINGTON,
1121 SPECTROSCOPY, SEDIMENTS, LAKES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, "FLUORESCENCE,
1121 SPECTROSCOPY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, SEAWATER, OIL SPILLS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1130 SPECTROSCOPY, SPECTROMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, OIL SPILLS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
"US BUREAU OF MINES,
1007 SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, "EKOFISK BLOWOUT,
1011 SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, MONITORING, "EKOFISK BLOWOUT,
1018 SPILL CLEANUP, SHORELINES, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SPILLS, ISRAEL, CONTAMINATION,
"EILAT OIL TERMINAL,
1019 SPILL CLEANUP, PORTUGAL, TANKERS, "JAKOB MAERSK SPILL,
1022 SPILL CLEANUP, LIABILITY, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
TANKERS,
1023 SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, JAPAN, FUEL OIL, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "INLAND
SEA,
10X1 SPILL CLEANUP, MONITORING, GROUNDWATER, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINATION,
1122 SPILL CLEANUP, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, EPA, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, USCG,
11X0 SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
11X3 SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, SPILL RECOVERY, "STRAIT OF MALACCA,
356
-------
1145
1147
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1158
1159
1163
1164
1168
1172
1173
1174
1175
1182
1137
1196
1298
1323
1324
1325
1327
1329
1336
1337
1310
13*3
1344
1151
1453
1523
1542
1551
15Q4
1601
1604
1627
1633
1005
1009
1132
1133
1131
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1172
1194
1587
1142
1160
1225
1271
1624
SPILL CLEANUP, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, USCG
SPILL CLEANUP, SAFETY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, NORWAY, NORTH SEA, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, ECONOMICS,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, BOOMS, "VIKOMA INTERNATIONAL,
SPILL CLEANUP., MARINE ORGANISMS, DISPERSANTS, SOUTH AFRICA TOXICITY
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "DYNAMIC INCLINED PLANE'SKIMMER
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, *SALVAGE'TUG
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, SOUTH AFRICA, "SALVAGE TUG
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, SURFACTANTS
SPILL CLEANUP, ENGLAND, DISPERSANTS, TOXICITY, '
SPILL CLEANUP, OCEANS,
SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL, ABSORPTION, *COTTON SORBENT,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, MODELS, BOOMS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, *HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS.
SPILL CLEANUP, RESTORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COASTS, CANADA,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION, "NUTRIENT PARTICLES,
SPILL CLEANUP, SEAWATSR, RIVERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION, WASTE OIL,
SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, DISPERSIONS, "ASBESTOS MINE WASTES,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, INDUSTRIES, WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
SPILL CLEANUP, INDUSTRIES, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, *OIL SPILL
COOPERATIVES,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
US, SURVEILLANCE,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, FPANCE, CRUDE OIL, *POLMAR PLAN,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, COMPENSATION.
•CONGRESSIONAL BILL,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSPORT, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA,
FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL,
SPILL CLEANUP, RESTORATION, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL WELLS, DISPOSAL, BEAUFORT SEA,
BEACHES,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEAUFORT SEA,
•EQUIPMENT EVALUATION,
SPILL CLEANUP, DISPOSAL, DETECTION, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, "ARCTIC MARINE OIL SPILL
PROGRAM,
SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
SURVEILLANCE, USCG,
SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, BOOMS,
SPILL CLEANUP, PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, UK, "MILFORD HAVEN,
SPILL CLEANUP, SPAIN, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DISPERSANTS, URQUIOLA
SPILL,
SPILL CLEANUP, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MARINE ORGANISMS, ICE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC,
SPILL CLEANUP, POLLUTION PREVENTION, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DCS,
HABITAT, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, ICE, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, SPREADING, WEATHERING,
SPILL CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, NEW JERSEY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, STATE
GOVERNMENTS,
SPILL CLEANUP, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, BACTERIA,
ALGAE,
SPILL CLEANUP, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, "WELL BLOWOUT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, "AIR BUBBLE SCREENS,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, TANKERS,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, "FENDING DEVICE,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, ABSORPTION, SPILL RECOVERY, "SORBENT PADS.
SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS, ABSORPTION,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, DESIGN-ENGIMEERING, BOOMS, ADSORPTION,
'PILL CONTAINMENT SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, MODELS, BOOMS, "HYDRODYNAMIC PROBLEMS,
SPILL CONTAINMENT, RIVERS, ICE, CANADA, BOOMS, SPILL RECOVERY, "ST. CLAIR & DETROIT
SPILLVCONTAINMENT, OCEANS, MODELS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FATE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
SPILLSDISPOSAL| OIL HELLS, INCINERATION, ICE, CANADA, ARCTIC, "BLOWOUTS,
SPILL DISPOSAL, SOIL, PATENT, MICROORGANISMS, BIODEGRADATION,
SPILL DISPOSAL, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, STORAGE,
SPILL DISPOSAL! COST ANALYSIS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, STORAGE, USCG,
SPILL DISPOSAL, OIL TRANSFER, OIL SLICKS, ICE, BIODSGRADATION, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC,
357
-------
CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, STORAGE,
1137 SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CONTAINMENT, ABSORPTION, *SORBENT PADS,
1141 SPILL PECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, 'FERROMAGNETIC FOAM,
1143 SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CLEANUP, SKIMMERS, "STRAIT OF MALACCA,
1144 SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1116 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, "CLEAN SWEEP OIL SKIMMER,
1148 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, WASTE OIL,
1151 SPILL PECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION,
1155 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "UNDERWATER FISSURES,
1156 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1157 SPILL RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SLICKS, USN, "GELATION, "AMINE CARBAMATES,
1161 SPILL RECOVERY, OIL TRANSFER, "PORTABLE PUMPS,
1165 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, ABSORPTION, "SORBSNT BROADCASTER,
1166 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CONTAMINANTS,
1167 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1169 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OELA-III SKIMMER,
1170 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1171 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, ABSORPTION, "GLASS FIBER BLANKETS,
1176 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, ABSORPTION, "ABSORBENT POLYMERS,
1177 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION, "ABSORBENT -POWDER,
1178 SPILL RECOVERY, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1179 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "OIL MOP RIGGING SYSTEM,
1180 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "GUIDED JET,
1183 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, ADSORPTION,
1185 SPILL RECOVERY, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, CRUDE OIL, ABSORPTION, "SORBENTS,
1186 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1138 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, ICE, FRESHWATER, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, "LOCKHEED CLEAN SWEEP,
1189 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "SLURP WEIR SKIMMER,
1190 SPILL RECOVERY, PSTROLF-UM PRODUCTS, PATENT, "ADHESIVE POLYMER FILM,
1194 SPILL RECOVERY, SPILL CONTAINMENT, RIVERS, ICE, CANADA, BOOMS, "ST. CLAIR & DETROIT
RIVERS,
1195 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "FLEXIBLE FLOATING PIPE,
1232 SPILL RECOVERY, OIL TANKS, EMULSIONS, BILGES, WASTE OIL TREATMENT, "DEMULSIFYING
AGENTS,
1283 SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, ABSORPTION, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "POLYURETHANE,
1345 SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, CANADA, "EQUIPMENT TESTING,
1582 SPILL RECOVERY, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, NORTH SEA, FATE, EVAPORATION,
DISPERSIONS, "EKOFISK WELL BLOWOUT,
1222 SPREADING, SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS, OIL TRANSFER, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MODELS,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, COST ANALYSIS,
1223 SPREADING, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, LEAKAGE, FATE, EVAPORATION,
"IGNITION HAZARDS,
153? SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, OFFSHORE DRILLING, MOVEMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, FISH,
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIRDS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1569 SPREADING, RIVERS, ICE, CRUDE OIL, COALESCENCE, BEHAVIOR, EMUSIFICATION,
1570 SPREADING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT, WEATHERING,
1571 SPREADING, GROUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION, CALIFORNIA, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL,
1573 SPREADING, SOLUBILITY, OIL SPILLS, ICE, BEHAVIOR, ARCTIC, ABSORPTION, CLEANUP,
1576 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, "WAVE INTERACTION ANALYSIS,
1594 SPREADING, SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, ICE, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, WEATHERING,
1598 SPREADING, OIL SPILLS, ICE, "OIL TEMPERATURE, "ICE TEMPERATURE, "SPILLING RATE,
1601 STATE GOVERNMENTS, SPILL CLEANUP, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSFER, NEW JERSEY, LEGISLATION,
COMPENSATION,
1602 STATE GOVERNMENTS, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, WASTE OIL, "LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,
1608 STATE GOVERNMENTS, OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION, US,
"NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1122 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPILL CLEANUP, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, EPA, US, USCG,
1128 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROMETRY, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, ANALTYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1485 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, BENTHOS, BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF, "PRODUCTIVITY,
1021 STATISTICS, OIL SPILLS, JAPAN, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, "SETO INLAND SEA,
1379 STATISTICS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, "MORTALITY,
1425 STATISTICS, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BALTIC SEA, "MORTALITY, "GDANSK BAY,
1207 STORAGE, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, ECONOMICS, ALASKA/GULF
OF, TANKERS, "RISK ANALYSIS,
1208 STORAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, "SALT DOMES, "TANK FARMS, "STRATEGIC
PETROLEUM RESERVE,
1209 STORAGE, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, "BAYOU CHOCTAW SALT DOME,
1210 STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL,'WATER QUALITY, "BRYAN
.MOUND SALT DOMES,
1211 STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, KENTUCKY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY,
"CENTRAL ROCK MINE,-
1212 STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY,
"COTE BLANCHE MINE,
1213 STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, OHIO, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY,
358
-------
1214
1215
1216
1217
1225
1271
1623
1024
1629
1081
1159
1193
1311
1319
1549
1074
1324
1093
1010
1014
1019
1022
1025
1027
1030
1033
1042
1115
1135
1200
1202
1205
1207
1213
1219
1220
1224
1226
1304
1330
1339
1386
1402
449
1460
602
605
607
1610
1613
1614
'IRONTON MINE,.
STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY, TEXAS,
* K L £ E R MINE,
STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY,
WEEKS ISLAND MJNE ,
STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY »WEST
HACKBERRY SALT DOME,
STORAGE, FEA , ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CRUDE OIL, 'STRATEGIC PETROLEUM
RESERVE,
STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA
STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, USCG
STORAGE, SAFETY, PLANTS, OIL INDUSTRY, HEALTH HAZARDS, GUIDELINES, »BULK PETROLEUM
STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, OIL TRANSFER , .OIL SLICKS, ICE, BIODEGRADATION,
BIBLIOGRAPHIES, ARCTIC, CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY,
SUBARCTIC REGIONS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES
BASELINE STUDIES, ARCTIC,
SURFACTANTS, SAMPLING, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SURFACTANTS, SPILL CLEANUP, PATENT, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS,
SURFACTANTS, SOLVENTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, EMULSIFIERS, TOXICITY,
SURFACTANTS, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
SURFACTANTS, RECLAMATION, PRECIPITATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FLOCCULATION , WASTE
OIL TREATMENT,
SURFACTANTS, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, TOXICITY, *IOHIC
CONCENTRATION, »DETERGENTS,
SURVEILLANCE, REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICKS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
SURVEILLANCE, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING, US,
SURVEILLANCE, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW
ENFORCEMENT, USCG,
SWEDEN, OIL SLICKS, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
TANKERS, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, US, »LIBERIAN REGISTRY LAWS,
TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, *LIBERIAN REGISTRY,
TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, PORTUGAL, 'JAKOB MAERSK SPILL,
TANKERS, SPILL CLEANUP, LIABILITY, FISHERIES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL,
TANKERS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, 'LIBERIAN FLAG OF CONVENIENCE,
TANKERS, LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, USCG, 'NEW ENGLAND,
TANKERS, SOURCES, SHIPS, OIL SPILLS,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, BALLAST, "OIL-WATER INTERFACE,
TANKERS, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, MONITORING, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BALLAST,
TANKERS, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS, *OPTIMAL TANKER SIZE,
TANKERS, SPILL CONTAINMENT, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, BOOMS,
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, US,
TANKERS, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, WASHINGTON,
TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS, USCG,
TANKERS, STORAGE, PIPELINES, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL TANKS, OIL SPILLS, OCS, ECONOMICS,
ALASKA/GULF OF, *RISK ANALYSIS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, 'VALDEZ NARROWS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, OIL DISCHARGES, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMICS,
'SUPERTANKERS,
TANKERS, OIL TRANSFER, MODELS, *ICE COOLING RATES,
TANKERS, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ALASKA, 'VALDEZ
NARROWS,
TANKERS, SAFETY, MEXICO/GULF OF, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL,
USCG, 'FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
TANKERS RHINE RIVER, MONITORING, BILGES, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, 'COMPUTER SURVEILLANCE,
TANKERS! REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING, IMCO, 'BAILEY
M^MTHTOD D 13 fl r* R A M
TANKERS, POLLUTION ' CONTROL , NETHERLANDS, LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS, WATER
TANKERSITOIL SPILLS, MOVEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ATLANTIC COAST, WWII SPILLS,
TANKERS PORTS, OIL SPILLS, METULA SPILL, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, UK, 'MILFORD HAVEN,
TANKERS LIABILITY INSURANCE, 'MARINE INDUSTRY,
BANKERS' SHIPS OIL DISCHARGES, FATE, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
TANKERS; RIVERS, OIL TRANSFER, IRAQ, CONTAMINATION, WASTE OIL *SHATT AL-ARAB,
TANKERS OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, CALIFORNIA,
BANKERS' SAFETY OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, us, 'CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
TANKERS' SHIPS OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, us, 'LEGAL PROBLEMS,
TANKERS; PORT!; OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, us, 'DEEPWATER
TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LEGISLATION, FRANCE, 'FRENCH MARITIME LAW, 'OLYMPIC
PRAVPRY *^ P ILL,
TANKERS" SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS,
359
-------
1617 TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, OIL DISCHARGES, MONITORING,
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS, IMCO,
1620 TANKERS, SAFETY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, OIL TRANSFER, GUIDELINES, CRUDE OIL, *TERMINALS,
1622 TANKERS, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, USCG,
1070 TAR, SOURCES, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, COASTS, BEAUFORT SEA,
1087 TAR, SAMPLING, CARIBBEAN SEA, ATLANTIC OCEAN,
1294 TAR SANDS, DEVELOPMENT, CANADA, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, WATER QUALITY,
1099 TEXAS, OCS, MEXICO/GULF OF, HYDROCARBONS, DISTRIBUTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, BENTHOS,
1214 TEXAS, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, BIS, CRUDE OIL, WATER QUALITY,
•KLEER MINE,
1198 TORREY CANYON, RESTORATION, OLYMPIC GAMES SPILL, OIL SPILLS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS,
1085 TOXICITY, SEDIMENTS, SAMPLING, OIL SPILLS, OCS, MISSISSIPPI, HYDROCARBONS, ESTUARIES,
ALABAMA,
1090 TOXICITY, REFINERIES, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WASTEWATEHS,
1150. TOXICITY, SPILL CLEANUP, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISPERSANTS, SOUTH AFRICA,
1163 TOXICITY, SPILL CLEANUP, ENGLAND, DISPERSANTS,
1193 TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, SOLVENTS, PHYTOPLANKTON, EMULSIFIERS,
1286 TOXICITY, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "AERATION,
1349 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, FISH, ESTUARIES, DELAWARE RIVER, »CORINTHOS SPILL,
1351 TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, DISPERSIONS, CRUDE OIL, "OYSTER, "CRASSOSTREA , VIRGINICA,
1354 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, YEASTS, 'ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE,
1361 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MARINE ORGANISMS, FISH, BLACK SEA, BENTHOS, *SHRIMP,
"ELECTRICAL CURRENTS,
1366 TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, WASTE OIL, *CLAMS, *MERCENARIA,
1367 TOXICITY, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BACTERIA, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS,
1368 TOXICITY, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS, *CANCER
MAGISTER DANA, "WATER SOLUBLE FRACTION,
1369 TOXICITY, RED SEA, CRUDE OIL, CORALS, ACUTE EFFECTS, *HETEROXENIA FUSCESCENS,
1370 TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BERING SEA, ALASKA, ACUTE EFFECTS,
1372 TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINANTS, BEHAVIOR, *SUBLETHAL EFFECTS,
1373 TOXICITY, MARINE MAMMALS, HYDROCARBONS, ACUTE EFFECTS, "SEALS, *PHOCA VITULINA,
1375 TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, CONTAMINANTS, "FUEL ADDITIVES,
1382 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, "REFINED OIL, WEATHERING,
1335 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, COASTS, CANADA, BACTERIA, "GLUCOSE UPTAKE,
1390 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, BEHAVIOR, ACUTE EFFECTS, ZOOPLANKTON, "HATER SOLUBLE .FRACTIONS,
1391 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, "AMPHIPODS,
1395 TOXICITY, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, "LIVER AND SKIN TISSUES,
1397 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, METABOLISM, INVERTEBRATES, FISH,
1398 TOXICITY, REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, "REDEAR SUNFISH,
1399 TOXICITY, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, "FATHEAD MINNOWS,
1403 TOXICITY, MARINE ORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, ECHINODERMS, CRUDE OIL, "SAND DOLLARS,
1411 TOXICITY, INVERTEBRATES, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC, "AMPHIPOD, "COELENTERATE,
1413 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, FISH,
1414 TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ALASKA, ACUTE
EFFECTS,
1419 TOXICITY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, FISHERIES, FISH, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE
EFFECTS, "PACIFIC HERRING,
1420 TOXICITY, MARINE MAMMALS/ CRUDE OIL,' ACUTE EFFECTS, "RINGED SEALS,
1423 TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, "CLAMS, "MYA ARENARIA,
1424 TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MOLLUSKS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CHRONIC EFFECTS, ACUTE
EFFECTS, "HONG KONG,
1427 TOXICITY, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS, EMULSIFIERS,
1430 TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, UK,
1433 TOXICITY, SOLVENTS, FISH, DISPERSANTS, ACUTE EFFECTS, "FISH LARVAE,
1434 TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, ALGAE, "GROWTH RATES, "PHENALEN-1-ONE,
1456 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, "CONTROLLED MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ,
1457 TOXICITY, REFINERIES, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, DISPERSANTS, CONTAMINATION, "BOOK REVIEW,
1483 TOXICITY, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MARINE MAMMALS, BERING SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
"MORTALITY,
1504 TOXICITY, OIL WELLS, FISH, DRILLING, ARCTIC, ACUTE EFFECTS, "TROUT, "DRILLING MUDS,
1506 TOXICITY, OIL WELLS, FISH, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DRILLING, "SALMON, "DRILLING MUDS,
1547 TOXICITY, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, MONITORING, CRUSTACEANS, CRUDE OIL, BIODEGRADATION,
ARCTIC, "AMPHIPODS,
1549 TOXICITY, SURFACTANTS, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA, "IONIC
CONCENTRATION, "DETERGENTS,
1572 TOXICITY, SOLUTION, OIL SPILLS, MODELS, HYDROCARBONS, EVAPORATION, CRUDE. OIL,
1363 TROPICAL REGIONS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INTERTIDAL ZONE, FUEL OIL, CORALS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS,
1006 UK, HEALTH HAZARDS, ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL,
1012 UK, MONITORING, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, "BIRD MORTALITY,
1026 UK, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, BALTIC SEA, USSR, "JOINT UK/USSR COMMITTEE,
1032 UK, SEDIMENTS, MONITORING, MARINE ORGANISMS, DISTRIBUTION, BENTHOS, "SUBLITTORAL
MACROFAUNA, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1206 UK, PORTS, OIL TRANSFER, OIL DISCHARGES, MARINE'ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
360
-------
'MILFORD HAVEN,
1316 UK, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC'EFFECTS, CONSERVATION WASTE OIL
1335 UK, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
WAbTEWATEHS T
1316 UK, SHIPS, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL SPILLS, LAW ENFORCEMENT, HARBORS *MILFOPD HAVEN
1357 UK'WASTEWATERS' •MILFOR^HAv"11'3' ^"^ °RGANISMS' ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
1358 UK, REFINERIES! PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS
*MILFORD HAVEN, "OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
]3|9 UK, SHORELINES, REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, VEGETATION,
«} nr* Snf»™«£f' MARSHES' BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, VEGETATION 'SALTMARSH
1393 UK, POLYCHAETES, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 'ARENICOLA MARINA L
"MILFORD HAVEM,
1^02 UK, TANKERS, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, METULA SPILL, MARSHES, MARINE ORGANISMS, BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1430 UK, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, EMULSIONS, DISPERSANTS, CRUDE OIL,
1451 UK, SPILL CLEANUP, PORTS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL TRANSFER, LEAKAGE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, *MILFORD HAVEN,
1054 UPTAKE, MONITORING, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1053 UPTAKE, RELEASE, MONITORING, MOLLUSKS, METABOLISM, MANUALS, HYDROCARBONS,
1063 UPTAKE, SEDIMENTS, RELEASE, MONITORING, INTERTIDAL ZONE, CRUDE OIL, ALASKA, *PORT
VALDEZ,
1362 UPTAKE, RELEASE, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PAH, FISH, »3, 4-BENZOPYRENE,
1377 UPTAKE, RELEASE, METABOLISM, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, 'LABELED N-ALKANES,
1385 UPTAKE, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, COASTS, CANADA, BACTERIA, *GLUCOSE
1396 UPTAKE, RELEASE, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, CRUSTACEANS, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALASKA,
•EIOTSANSFOPMATION,
1404 UPTAKE, METABOLISM, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, ALGAE, 'PHOTOSYNTHESIS, 'RESPIRATION,
1416 UPTAKE, RELEASE, POLYCHAETES, FUEL OIL, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, 'NAPHTHALENE,
'NEANTHES ARENACEODEMTATA,
1455 UPTAKE, RELEASE, HYDROCARBONS, FISH, 'BENZENE, 'NORTHERN ANCHOVY, 'STRIPED BASS,
1561 UPTAKE, METABOLISM, CRUDE OIL, 3IODEGRADATION, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE STUDIES,
BACTERIA, ALASKA/GULF OF, ACUTE EFFECTS,
1453 URQUIOLA SPILL, SPILL CLEANUP, SPAIN, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS,
DISPERSANTS,
1010 US, TANKERS, SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, 'LIBERIAN REGISTRY LAWS,
1122 US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPILL CLEANUP, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, EPA, USCG,
1200 US, TANKERS, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION,
1324 US, SURVEILLANCE, SPILL CLEANUP, OIL DISCHARGES, LEGISLATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
CONTINGENCY PLANNING,
1521 US, OIL SHALE, OFFSHORE PRODUCTION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, DEVELOPMENT,
1604 US, SPILL CLEANUP, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION,
1605 US, TANKERS, SAFETY, OIL SPILLS, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, 'CONGRESSIONAL BILLS,
1606 US, ONSHORE IMPACTS, OIL-GAS LEASING, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, »CCS LANDS ACT AMENDMENTS,
1607 US, TANKERS, SHIPS, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION, INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS, 'LEGAL PROBLEMS,
1608 US, STATE GOVERNMENTS, OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COMPENSATION,
'NAVIGABLE WATERS,
1609 US, PRODUCTION, LEGISLATION, EPA, WATER CUALITY, 'UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1610 US, TANKERS, PORTS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, COST ANALYSIS, 'DEEPWATER
PORT ACT,
1611 US, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL DISCHARGES, LIABILITY, LEGISLATION, FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS,
1027 USCG, TANKERS, LEGISLATION, FISHERIES, ARGO MERCHANT SPILL, 'NEW ENGLAND,
1122 USCG, US, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, SPILL CLEANUP, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, EPA,
1145 USCG, SPILL CLEANUP, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION PREVENTION,
1205 USCG, TANKERS, SEGREGATED BALLAST, REGULATIONS, POLLUTION CONTROL, ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION, COST ANALYSIS,
1226 USCG, TANKERS, SAFETY, MEXICO/GULF OF, LIABILITY, CONTINGENCY PLANNING, ARGO MERCHANT
SPILL, 'FLAGS OF CONVENIENCE,
1271 USCG, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS, WASTE OIL DISPOSAL,
1343 USCG! SURVEILLANCE, SPILL CLEANUP, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, POLLUTION PREVENTION, LAW
ENFORCEMENT,
1622 E/SCG, TANKERS, SAFETY, REGULATIONS, OIL TRANSPORT, LIABILITY,
1071 USGS REMOTE SENSING, OIL SLICK'S, DETECTION, 'LANDSAT IMAGERY,
1157 us"'SPILL RECOVERY, POLLUTION PREVENTION, OIL SLICKS, 'GELATION, 'AMINE CARBAMATES,
1255 USN RECLAMATION, DISPOSAL, WASTE OIL TREATMENT,
026 US(!. u?r-T4TTnM nn SPTLts ENVIRONMENTAL DFTERIOPATION, WASHINGTON. 'ALPINE MEADOW,
13?M vf8i?ATioN; SK"; REFINERIES; MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, WASTEWATERS, 'SALTMARSH,
361
-------
1091 WASHINGTON, SPECTROSCOPY, SEDIMENTS, PUGET SOUND, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS,
CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1202 WASHINGTON, TANKERS, PUGET SOUND, OIL TRANSPORT, OIL SPILLS, LEGISLATION,
1364 WASHINGTON, VEGETATION, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, *ALPINE MEADOW,
1006 WASTE OIL, UK, HEALTH HAZARDS, ECONOMICS, DISPOSAL,
1049 WASTE OIL, SPECTROM.ETRY, MONITORING, DETECTION, BILGES, BALLAST, ANALYTICAL
TECHNIQUES, 'SUMMING LUMINESCENCE SPECTFOMETRY,
1055 WASTE OIL, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, MONITORING, WASTEWATERS,
1113 WASTE OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, INDUSTRIES, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, "X-RAY FLUORESCENCE,
1148 WASTE OIL, SPILL RECOVERY, SKIMMERS, OIL-HATER SEPARATION, FUELS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1182 WASTE OIL, SPILL CLEANUP, SEAWATER, RIVERS, PATENT, ABSORPTION,
1250 WASTE OIL, SOURCES, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISPOSAL,
1279 WASTE OIL, USSR, RIVERS, REFINING, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PETROCHEMICALS, CONTAMINATION,
1305 WASTE OIL, SLUDGE, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DISPOSAL,
1308 WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, INDUSTRIES, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
1313 WASTE OIL, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL, FILTRATION,
1314 WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECLAMATION, FUEL OIL, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
1315 WASTE OIL, RECYCLING, LUBRICATING OIL, ENGLAND,
1316 WASTE OIL, UK, RECLAMATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, CONSERVATION,
1317 WASTE OIL, REUSE, REFINING, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES,
1320 WASTE OIL, REFINING, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
1366 WASTE OIL, TOXICITY, MOLLUSKS, FUEL OIL, CRUDE OIL, »CLAMS, "MERCENAPIA,
1394 WASTE OIL, SOIL, FUNGI, CRUDE OIL, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION,
1460 WASTE OIL, TANKERS, RIVERS, OIL TRANSFER, IRAQ, CONTAMINATION, *SHATT AL-ARAE,
1602 WASTE OIL, STATE GOVERNMENTS, RECYCLING, LEGISLATION, *LOCAL GOVERNMENTS,
1234 WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS,
1271 WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, USCG, STORAGE, SPILL DISPOSAL, COST ANALYSIS,
H04 WASTE OIL DISPOSAL, TANKERS, RHINE RIVER, MONITORING, BILGES, "COMPUTER SURVEILLANCE,
12^2 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, OIL TANKS, EMULSIONS, BILGES, *DEMULSIFYING
AGENTS,
1244 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
1254 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, DISPOSAL, "WASTE MANAGEMENT,
1255 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, USN, RECLAMATION, DISPOSAL,
1262 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, ACTIVATED SLUDGE,
1309 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, "ENERGY SOURCES, SOLID WASTES,
1310 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, RECLAMATION, LUBRICATING OIL, "BERC/ERDA SOLVENT,
1319 WASTE OIL TREATMENT, SURFACTANTS, RECLAMATION, PRECIPITATION, PATENT, LUBRICATING OIL,
FLOCCULATION,
1016 WASTEWATERS, SOURCES, ITALY, HYDROCARBONS, CONTAMINATION, "GULF OF TRIESTE,
1028 WASTEWATERS, SOURCES, REFINERIES, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIES, ECONOMIC EFFECTS,
CONTAMINATION,
1039 WASTEWATERS, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, MONITORING, HYDROCARBONS, BALLAST, "SOUND
VELOCITY CHARACTERISTICS,
1055 WASTEWATERS, WASTE OIL, SAMPLING, REFINERIES, MONITORING,
1067 WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, MONITORING, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS,
"COLORIMETRY,
1078 WASTEWATERS, REMOTE SENSING, OCS, ESTUARIES, DISPERSIONS, "CURRENT CIRCULATION,
1090 WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, REFINERIES, MONITORING, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES,
1096 WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, WATER
QUALITY, "ON-LINE INSTRUMENTATION,
1097 WASTEWATERS, DETECTION, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "OIL TRACES, "ADSORPTION .POLAROGRAPHY,
1104 WASTEWATERS, HYDROCARBONS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, "GASOLINE FRACTIONS,
1114 WASTEWATERS, HYDROCARBONS, "SPECTRAL ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS, "HYDROCARBON
CONCENTRATION,
1118 WASTEWATERS, NEW YORK, MARINE ORGANISMS, HYDROCARBONS, DETECTION, CRANKCASE OIL,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1235 WASTEWATERS, SKIMMERS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, INLAND, DESIGN-ENGINEERING, "AFL
INDUSTRIES,
1288 WASTEWATERS, SOLID WASTES, OIL INDUSTRY, INDUSTRIES, DISPOSAL,
1289 WASTEWATSRS, SOURCES, REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, "OXIDATION
LAGOONS, "ACTIVATED CARBON,
1335 WASTEWATERS, UK, OIL SPILLS, OIL INDUSTRY, MONITORING, LEGISLATION, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS,
1357 WASTEWATERS, UK, REFINERIES, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MARINE ORGANISMS, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, "MILFORD HAVEN,
1358 WASTEWATERS, UK, REFINERIES, PORTS, OIL SPILLS, MONITORING, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
"MILFORD HAVEN, "OIL POLLUTION RESEARCH UNIT,
1359 WASTEWATERS, VEGETATION, UK, SHORELINES, REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
1371 WASTEWATERS, VEGETATION, UK, REFINERIES, MARSHES, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, "SALTMARSH,
1392 WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, PHYTOPLANKTON, MARINE ORGANISMS, FRANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
1398 WASTEWATERS, TOXICITY, REFINERIES, FRESHWATER, FISH, ACUTE EFFECTS, "REDEAR SUNFISH,
1421 WASTEWATERS, MARINE ORGANISMS, INDUSTRIES, HYDROCARBONS, ECOSYSTEMS, COASTS,
1440 WASTEWATERS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, MODELS, ECONOMIC EFFECTS, "INDUSTRY COSTS,
1621 WASTEWATERS, REGULATIONS, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, MONITORING, GUIDELINES.CANADA,
362
-------
1294
1571
1229
1230
1233
1236
1237
1238
1239
1241
1242
1243
1245
1247
1249
1251
1252
1258
1259
1261
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1263
1270
1272
1273
1277
1280
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1289
1290
1291
1293
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1306
1307
1314
1318
1338
1341
1096
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, TAR SANDS, DEVELOPMENT, CANADA, WATER QUALITY
WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, SPREADING, GHOUNDWATER, CONTAMINATION CALIFORNIA
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SHIPS, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PETROCHEMICALS, OXIDATION, FLOTATION, COAGULATION
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, «ZN SALTS
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL INDUSTRY
MANUALS, '
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, ECONOMICS, *ULTRAFILTRATIOH MEMBRANE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PATENT, FILTRATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
COALESCENCE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, INDUSTRIES, CONTAMINANTS, ABSORPTION, »PEAT MOSS
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, FLOCCULATION,
COALESCENCE, »OZONATION,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FUELS, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, *AERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, OXIDATION, *OXYGEN AERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, 'SLUDGE DEWATERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL WELLS, FLOCCULATION, DRILLING, BIODEGRADATION,
BACTERIA,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FILTRATION, BILGES, "TUBULAR
ULTRAFILTRATION SYSTEM,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, "CELLULOSE FIBERS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT, FILTRATION, EMULSIONS, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, *POWDERED MICA,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, USSR, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, INCINERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS,•'PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT, OXIDATION, ACTIVATED SLUDGE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SHIPS, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, BILGES, *DEMULSIFICATION,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT, HYDROCARBONS, FUEL OIL, FLOCCULATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PETROCHEMICALS, 'BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, ABSORPTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SPILL RECOVERY, PATENT, OIL SLICKS, ABSORPTION, *POLYURETHANE,
WASTEWATEP TREATMENT, PETROCHEMICALS, FILTRATION, ADSORPTION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, *POLYURETHANE FOAM,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, TOXICITY, OXIDATION, HYDROCARBONS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 'AERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, PH CONTROL, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS, COAGULATION, "AERATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATERS, SOURCES, REFINERIES, ACTIVATED SLUDGE, 'OXIDATION
LAGOONS, 'ACTIVATED CARBON,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, DISPOSAL, CONTAMINANTS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PATENT, OXIDATION, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS,
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, *OZONE AERATION, 'BIOCHEMICAL PURIFICATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, ABSORPTION, 'COAL ASH,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, GERMANY,
WEST
WASTSWATER TREATMENT, SPILL CLEANUP, REFINERIES, POLLUTION CONTROL, PATENT, INDUSTRIES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SKIMMERS, REFINERIES, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, COALESCENCE, BILGES, 'PEAT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, SLUDGE, REFINERIES, 'ACID PRETREATMENT,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, 'ELECTROFLOTATION, COAGULATION,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, EMULSIONS, 'POLYVINYL
CHLORIDE,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, PH CONTROL, PATENT, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, FLOTATION, EMULSIONS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, FILTRATION, ABSORPTION, 'POWDERED STEEL-MELTING SLAG,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTE OIL, REUSE, RECLAMATION, FUEL OIL, 'MEMBRANE TECHNIQUES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, RECYCLING, OIL-WATER SEPARATION, DESIGN-ENGINEERING,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, REFINERIES, POLLUTION PREVENTION, PETROCHEMICALS, FUELS,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT, POLLUTION PREVENTION, MICHIGAN, 'FREEWAY RUNOFF,
WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATERS, SAMPLING, POLLUTION CONTROL, OIL INDUSTRY, ANALYTICAL
WATERCQUALITY,' STORAGE! OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, 'BRYAN
WATERUQUALITY,STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, KENTUCKY, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL,
WATEREQUALITY?CSTORAGE, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL,
JtpnTl? RT fiMPHP" MTNF*
WATER QUALITY, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, OHIO, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL,
'IRONTON MINE,
WATER QUALITY, TEXAS, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL,
363
-------
•KLEER MINE,
1215 WATER QUALITY, STORAGE, OIL SPILLS, LOUISIANA, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EI3, CRUDE OIL,
•WEEKS ISLAND MINE,
1216 WATER QUALITY, STORAGE, OIL TRANSPORT, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, EIS, CRUDE OIL, *WEST
HACKBERRY SALT DOME,
1291 WATER QUALITY, WASTEWATER DISPOSAL, TAR SANDS, DEVELOPMENT, CANADA,
1339 WATER QUALITY, TANKERS, POLLUTION CONTROL, NETHERLANDS, LEGISLATION, LAW ENFORCEMENT,
HARBORS,
114U6 WATER QUALITY, OFFSHORE EXPLORATION, OCEANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, CONTAMINATION,
1466 WATER QUALITY, FLORIDA COAST, CONTAMINATION, *HUMAN IMPACT, *BISCAYNE BAY,
1516 WATER QUALITY, PRODUCTION, MODELS, GROUNDHATER, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, "TERTIARY OIL
RECOVERY METHODS,
15^2 WATER QUALITY, OIL SPILLS, FUELS, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, FOSSIL
1609 WATER QUALITY, US, PRODUCTION, LEGISLATION, EPA, 'UNDERGROUND INJECTION,
1103 WEATHERING, CRUDE OIL, CHROMATOGRAPHY,.CHEMICAL ANALYSIS,
1129 WEATHERING, SOURCE IDENTIFICATION, CRUDE OIL, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, ISRAEL, SAMPLING,
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, CHROMATOGRAPHY, *TAR BALLS,
1382 WEATHERING, TOXICITY, METABOLISM, MARINE ORGANISMS, CRUDE OIL, BACTERIA, *REFINED OIL,
1562 WEATHERING, OIL SPILLS, FATE, EMULSIFICATION, DISPERSIONS, BIODEGRADATION, BACTERIA,
1570 WEATHERING, SPREADING, PHYSICAL EFFECTS, OIL SLICKS, DRIFT,
159« WEATHERING, SPREADING, SPILL CLEANUP, MOVEMENT, MONITORING, ICE, CRUDE OIL, ARCTIC,
1384 WILDLIFE, CRUDE OIL, CONTAMINATION, CHRONIC EFFECTS, BIRDS, ACUTE EFFECTS,
1623 WILDLIFE, MARINE ORGANISMS, CONTAMINATION, BIRDS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, *ENDANGERED SPECIES,
*WATER POLLUTION,
1354 YEASTS, TOXICITY, OIL SPILLS, MICROORGANISMS, FUEL OIL, *ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE,
1390 ZOOPLANKTON, TOXICITY, FUEL OIL, BEHAVIOR, ACUTE EFFECTS, »WATER SOLUBLE FRACTIONS,
1479 ZOOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, BERING SEA, BEAUFORT SEA, BASELINE
STUDIES, *MICRONEKTON,
1480 ZOOPLANKTON, OFFSHORE DEVELOPMENT, MONITORING, DISTRIBUTION, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS,
BASELINE STUDIES, ALASKA/GULF OF,
364
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
AAGAARD, K.
ABRAHAM, K.F.
ADAMS, W.A.
ADDY, J.M.
ADLARD, E.R.
AFL INDUSTRIES
1031
T470
1348
1032
1123
1235
^lllfejfkllll | AS • V 4
AHEARN, D.G.
AHERN, T.P.
AHLERT, R.C.
ALBERTS, D.A., SR.
ALEXANDER, V.
ALKKAZOV, T.G.
ALOISI, J.C.
AMCHEM PRODUCTS, INC.
AMOSOV, V.A.
ANAN'EV, N.I.
ANDERSON, E.G.
ANDERSON, G.C.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, J.W.
ANDERSON, R.D.
ANDREN, L.S.
ANUFRIEVA, N.M.
ARAI, N.
ARASAKI, S.
ARCTEC, INC
ARTHUR, J.W.
A3KIENAZY, A.
ATKINS, P.P., JR.
ATLAS, R.M.
ATLAS, R.M.
ATLAS, R.M.
ATLAS, R.M.
AVERILL, G.
AYERS, R.R.
AZAD, H.S.
AZAH, F.
AZOULAY, E.
AZOULAY, E.
AZOULAY, E.
BABI;.', F.
BAIER, R.E.
BAKES, J.M.
BAKER, J.M.
BAKER, J.M.
SAKER, J.M.
BAKER, J.M.
BAKER, J.M., ET AL.
BAKKALA, P.O.
BALASV, L.A.
BALL, A.A.
BALL, J.S.
BAMKLAND, C.
BANNISTER, W.W.
EANSAL, I.K.
EARANOVA, L.M.
BARONESS WHITE
BARSDATE, R.
BARUAH, J.H.
BATTERTON, J.C.
BAZHASHVILI, :
BAZIN, H.
BAZIN, H.
BAZIN, H.
BEALL, J.
BEAN, R.M.
BECKER, K.P.
BELL, 5.0.
BELON, A.E.
BENDOCK, T.N.
BENNETT, V.R.
1552
1129
1349
1322
1467
1509
1578
1228
1236
1441
1538
nso
1351
11416
1351
1442
.R.
1*137
11427
1624
1399
1237
1418
1356
1545
1546
1547
1439
1156
1238
1385
1548
1549
1550
1373
1081
1037
1090
1357
1358
1359
1360
1498
1361
1168
1119
1514
1157
1239
1362
1619
1448
1558
1434
1361
1548
15"9
1550
1328
1091
1240
1515
1072
1469
1522
BERGMAN, R.D.
BERNARD. B.B.
BERNER, N.H.
BERTRAND, J.C.
SERTRAND, J.C.
BERTRAND, J.C.
BESEDIN, A.A.
BEURIER, J.-P.
BEUTLER, B.
BIECHLER, F.J.
BIRKELAND, C.
BISA, K.
EISA, T.
BISHOP, J.M.
BITTON, G.
B.J. CONSULTANT SARL
BLAGODARNAYA, L.F.
BLAIKLEY, D.R.
BLANCHARD, P.M.
BLAYLOCK, J.W.
BLESKY, J.
BLM-MARINE MINERALS DIV.
BLOMOUIST, G.J.
BLUMER, M.
30ELSING, F.
BOGORODSKIY, V.-V.
BOLOTINA, O.T.
SOOTH, B.
BORNEFF, J.
BOURNE, W.R.P.
BOURNE, W.R.P.
30UROUIN, A.M.
BRAHAM, H.W.
BRAHAM, H.K.
BRAHAM, H.W.
BRAHAM, H.H.
BRAXTON, C.
BREZONIK, P.L.
BROAD, A.C.
BROOKS, J.M.
BROWER, W.A., JR.
BROWN, C.W.
BROWN, L.P.
BROWNING, R.J.
BRUADRIBB, M.P-
BUNCH, J.N.
BURK, C.J.
BURKE, W., Ill
BURNS, J.J.
BURNS, J.J.
BURNS, J.J.
BURNS, J.J.
BURNS, K.A.
BURNS, W.
BURRELL, G.R.
BURTON, J.D.
BUSCH, F.
BUSHA, T.
BUTLER, J.N.
BYRNE, C.J.
CALABPESE, A.
CALDER, J.A.
CALDER, J.A.
CALDER, J.A.
CALDWELL, R.S.
CALKINS, D.
CALKINS, D.
CALLAWAY, R.J.
CALLOWAY, J.A.
CAMERON, J.A.
CAMPBELL, 5.5.
CANADA DEPT. OF ENVIRONMENT
1470
1092
1544
1548
1549
1550
1079
1613
1290
1177
1363
1551
1551
1583
1102
1158
1241
1329
1159
1091
1^64
1518
1377
1131
1 160
1073
1242
1350
1 109
1015
1201
1552
1487
1488
1489
1490
1516
1102
1471
1092
1061
1124
1568
1202
1243
1553
1365
1522
1472
1473
1474
1495
1584
1074
1334
1161
1244
1615
1087
1366
1432
1366
1367
1382
1368
1475
1500
1585
1440
1419
1538
1621
365
-------
CANEVET, G.
CAREY, A.G., JR.
CAREY, A.G., JR.
CARLBERG, S.R.
CARLBERG, S.R.
CARLSON, P.F.
CARPENTER, R.
CASEY, G.J.
CATALFAMO, E.
CAUSSE, C.
CENTRAL UNIT-ENVIRON. POLL.
CHAIGNEAU, M.
CHAN, H.S.
CHARLES, M.E.
CHASTAGNIER, M.
CHEEK, L.M.
CHEN, E.G., ET AL .
CHEREMISINOFF, P.M.
CHESLER, S.N.
CHIEU, J.-N.
CHISU, J.-N.
CHIKUNOVA, L.
CHIN, P.
CHIN, P.
CHISHOLM, E.R.
CHISHOLM, B.R.
CHRISTENSEN, D.R.
CHRISTSNSEN, P.
CIRULIS, U.
CLARK, R.C., JR.
CLARKE, M.L.
CLEMENT, W.
CLINE, J.
COACHMAN, L.K.
COASTAL SOCIETY
COHEN, Y.
COLEKAN, H.J.
COLLIER, T.K.
COLWELL, R.R.
COLWELL, R.R.
COLWELL, R.R.
COLWELL, R.R.
CONDRON, J.A.
CONN, B.R.
CONNER, W.H.
CONNOR, M.S.
CONRAD, B.F.
CONRAD, B.F.
COOK, D.G.
COOK, P.P.
COONEY, R.T.
CORLEW, J.S.
CORMACK, D.
COUPAL, B.
CRAIG, N.J.
CRETNEY, W.J.
CRETNEY, W.J.
CROW, S.A.
CRUSE, H.
CONDELL, A.M.
CYWIN, A.
DAIMON, N.
DAMKAER, D.M.
DANENBERGER, E.P.
DANIELS, P.
DAVIDSON, F.M.
DAVIS, G.R.
DAVIS, G.R.
DAVIS, S.J.
DAVLETOV, A.D.
DAYTON, R.
DEGEN, L.
DEPT-ENVIRON POLLUTION, UK
DEFT OF ENVIRONMENT, UK
DEPT OF TRADE, UK
1578
1476
1477
1093
144Q
1033
1094
1132
1016
1578
1162
1095
1099
1573
1095
1063
1569
1309
1084
1245
1246
1301
1388
1436
1049
1125
1247
1088
1039
1203
1204
1349
1040
1597
1517
1369
1130
1417
1082
1554
1^63
1567
1096
1247
1522
1478
1082
1554
1248
1041
1479
1310
1163
1249
1522
1070
1088
1544
1290
1555
1270
1267
1480
1017
1205
1091
1077
1078
1556
1268
1205
1175
1164
1250
1450
DER, J.J.
DE VIAL, P.M.
DE VIAL, R.M.
DE VRISS, A.L.
DIALS, G.E.
DICKS, B.
DICKS, B.
DICKS, B.
DICKS, 3.
DIDOU, H.
DIETRICH, K.R.
DIKUN, P.P.
DIXON, P.S.
DIXON, T.R.
DOBBS, J.
DONAHUE, W.H.
DONOVAN, L.J.
DOYLE, W.T.
DUDLEY, G.
DUERDEN, F.C.
DUGUY, R.
DUPRE, W.R.
DURFEE, D.W.
DVORAK, J.
DYUZHAKIN, M.G.
EATON, D.
EISLER, R.
ELDERING, H.G.
ELEY, T.J., JR.
ELLS, J.W.
ENGLISH, T.S.
ENGLISH, T.S.
ENVIRONMENT CANADA
ENVIROTECH/WEMCO
EP'A
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPIMAKHOV, V.N.
ERIKSSON, S.E.
EVANS, D.
FAIRHILL, A.W.
FALLAH, M.H.
FAVORITE, F.
FAY, F.H.
FAY, F.H.
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEA
FEDER, H.M.
FEDER, H.M.
FEDER, H.M.
FEDER, H.M.
FEDER, H.M.
FEELY, R.
FERRARO, J.M.
FERRERO, E.P.
FIMGAS, M.
FINGAS, M.F.
FINNIGAN, R.E.
FISCHER, I.A.
FISCUS, C.H.
FISCUS, C.H.
FISCUS, C.H.
FISCUS, C.H.
FLEISCHER, C.A.
FORSSBERG, K.S.E.
FOSS, W.O.
1165
1042
1330
1370
1538
1043
1206
1371
1372
1508
1251
1362
1404
1018
1381
1403
1207
1519
1451
1019
1373
1520
1204
1252
1241
1537
1369
1125
1472
1044
1481
1482
1586
1253
1020
1331
1374
1375
1097
1254
1122
1094
1587
1588
1474
1483
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1376
1426
1484
1485
1486
1040
1255
1130
1045
1185
1098
1453
1487
1488
1489
1490
1612
1256
1622
366
-------
FOWLER, L.L.
FOX, J.I.
FRADKIN, P.L.
FRA3ER, D.E.
FRASER, J.M.
FRIEL, J.P.
FRUH, S.M.
FRYE, J.
FUNKE, M.F.
FURZER, I. A.
GADEL, F.
G'AGE, S.J.
GALT, J.A.
GARABRANT, A.R.
GARRETT, W.D.
GEISZLER, P.C.
GENTRY, R.
GEORGE, A.L.
GERACI, J.R.
GERBER, V.YA.
GHISALBERTI, F.
GIAM, C.3.
GIBBS, C.F.
GIBSON, C.I.
GIERING, L.P-
GILBERT, R.J.
GINSBERG, P.
GLOYNA, E.F.
GLOYNA, E.F.
GODSHALL, F.A.
GOLDBERG, E.D.
GOOSSENS, A.G.
GORDON, D.C., JR.
GORE, D.J.
GORSKI, W.
GORYACHEV, N.S.
GOT, H.
GOTO, M.
GRAHAM, J.W.
GRANGES ESSEM PLAST A/S
GRANT, D.
GRANT, E.M.
GRANTHAM, B.J.
GRASSHOFF, K.
GRATACOS, J.
GRAU, C.R.
GRIFFIN, L.F.
GRIFFITHS, R.P.
GRIMES, C.B.
GRIMES, E.L.
GPITZ, R.L.
GRUNWALD, A.
GUEANOVA, G.D.
GUILLERME, M.
GUMP, B.H.
GUNDLACH, E.R.
GUNNERSON, C.G.
GUNNERSON, C.G.
GUREVICH, I.IA.
GWYNNE, P.
HAAVIE, T.
HABERCOM, G.E.
HADLEY, D.
HAFLINER, K.
HAGIHARA, K.
HALLIGAN, J.E.
HAMBRO, C.
HAMILTON, C.E.
HAMMOND, P.L.
HANSEN, D.V.
HANSEN, H.P.
HANSEN, W.G.
HAPP, G.
HARA, K.
HARBO, S.J., JR.
1257
1102
1218
1075
1625
mi
1255
1219
1332
1589
1578
1521
1590
1255
1083
1377
1378
1258
1420
1259
1260
1099
1556
1120
1125
1557
1028
12*15
1246
1583
1046
1312
1412
1166
1379
1286
1578
1021
1220
1133
1199
1380
1377
1452
1263
1381
1382
1561
1261
1167
1100
1262
1259
1263
1084
1453
1454
1458
1076
1022
1333
1626
1383
i486
1103
1168
1616
1101
1311
1591
1577
1102
1522
1313
1473
HARLAND, R.C.
HARRIS, L.P.
HARRISON, E.A.
HARRISON, E.A.
HARRISON, W.
HARTUNG, R.
HASE, A.
HASKIN, H.H.
HASSLES, J.
HAUGEN, D.
HAYASHI, Y.
HAYES, S.P.
HEATH, J.E.
KENKEL, H.G.
HENRY, R.D.
HERCE, J.A.
HERTZ, H.S.
HERZ, H.J.
HEZINA, J.
HIGASHI, K.
HIGGINS, I.J.
HITES, R.A.
FNATIUK, J.
HCBERG, M.
HOCKENBERRY, H.R.
HODGINS, H.O.
HODGSON, G.H.
HODSON, R.E.
HOFMANOVA, H.
HOLDGATE, M.W.
HOLLAND, W.E.
HOOGOVENS IJMUIDEN B.V.
HOPKINS, D.M.
HORNER, R.A.
HORNIG, A.W.
HORNIG, A.W.
HORROCKS, J.C.S.
HOSKIN, C.M.
HOULT, D.P.
HOWARD", D.V.
HOWARD, H.L.
HOWARTH, R.W.
HRIVNAK, J.
HUBBY, L.M.
HUEHNERFUSS,
HUFFORD, G.L.
HUGHES, J.L.
HUGHES, S.
HUNTER, J.V.
HURD, S.B.
ICHINOSE, S.
IDONIBOYE-OBU, B.
IIZUKA, K.
IMANAKA, M.
IMCO
IMOTO, T.
INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL
IOAKIMIS, E.G.
IOAKIMIS, E.G.
IPATOV, P.P.
IRWIN, W.A.
IVANOVICI, A.
IWAMOTO, H.
JACKSON, P.B.
JAGGER, H.
JAKUCZUN, B.
JEFFRIES, H.P.
JETTMAR, R.U.
JEWETT, S.C.
JSWETT, S.C.
JOHN, P.
JOHNSON, J.H.
JOHNSON, W.C.,
KAISER, R.J.
KALMUTCHI, G.
1553
1264
1627
1628
1055
1334
1126
1349
1 104
1031
H.
1047
1265
1550
1077
1265
1084
1074
1252
1103
1565
1126
1523
1486
1314
1395
1117
1385
1252
1048
1334
1266
1520
1482
1049
1125
1617
1491
1570
1524
1470
1478
1104
1050
ENG CO
II
1592
1571
1499
1349
1386
1267
1051
1267
1056
1221
1182
1 169
1259
1268
1105
1603
1052
1281
1492
1335
1379
1493
1122
1485
1486
1127
1588
1387
11 14
367
-------
KANEKO, S. 1191
KARINEN, J.F.
KARINEN, J.F.
KASPAR, H.
KATOH, T.
KEITH, L.H.
KEN, V.
KENDRICK, P.J.
KETCHUM, B.H.
KIFA, S.
KIFIBAYASHI, T.
KIPK, W.P.
KIRKLAND, J.
KIRYUKHINA, L.N.
KIRYUKHINA, L.N.
KJOLLER, A.
KLEMAS, V.
KLEMAS, V.
KNIGHT, J.B.
KOBAYASHI, M,
KOBLINSKY, C.
KOBUS, H.E.
KOENIG, P.
KOLENKO, E.A.
KONIGSBERG, D.
KOONS, C.B.
KOPEIN, V.A.
KOPP, K.D.
KORN, S. , ST AL.
KOVALEVA, G.I.
KOVALEVA, G.I.
KRASNOPEVTSEVA, Z.I.
KRAVTSOV, G.L.
KROPOTKIN, M.A.
KUCHERENKO, M.I.
KUCHERENKO, M.I.
KUCHERYAVYKH, E.I.
KUENZLE, B.
KUFFLER, A.J.
KUNTE, H.
KURPYAKOVA, Z.N.
KURYSHEVA, L.I.
KYUFEGYAN, A.A.
LACAZE, J.C.
LACY, W.J.
LADER, J.H.
LALANCETTE, J.M.
LAM, R.K.
LAMBRICH, K.H.
LANGAVANT, E.
LANGDON, W.
LANGLOIS, R.E.
LAPKIN, A.N.
LAFKINA, YU.V.
LARAMIE ENERGY RESEARCH CEN
LARRANCE, J.D.
LEARY, J.F.
LE ELANC, L.
LEDBETTER, B.C.
LEE, B.C.
.J.
.F.
J.
R.
R.F.
T.Y.
W.Y.
W.Y.
LEE,
LEE,
LEE,
LEE,
LEE,
LEE,
LEIBOVICH, S.
LEIDNER, H.
LEINONEN, P.J.
LEMAROUAND,
LE PETIT, J.
LERCH, D.W.
LEVELL, D.
LIESSR, J.E.
LILES, A.W.
J.
1U26
1106
1182
1107
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1385
1388
1390
1391
1172
1106
1572
1237
1392
1167
1293
1314
1272
LIPELES, M.
LISSAUER, I.M.
LITTLE, R.C.
LLANOS, C.
LOCK, J.E.
LOFY, R.J.
LOGIN, W.J.
LOGAN, W.J.
IlOGAN, W.J.
LONSANE, B.K.
LOVELOCK, D.W.
LOWRY, L.F.
LUCANDER, N.
LUR'E, YU.YU.
LYTLE, J.S.
LYTLE, T.F.
MAC DONALD, D.
MAC DONALD. R.W.
MACKAY, D.
MACKAY, D.
MACKAY, D.
MACKEWN, J.
MACKIE, P.R.
MAIL, I.
MAJER, D.J.
MAKAYA, S.
MALINS, D.C.
MALINS, D.C.
MALINS, D.C.
MAMONTOVA, O.V.
MANNING, J.C.
MARBACH, A.
MARCONI, W.
MARDIROSSIAN, J.
MARK, H.B., JR.
MARQUETTE, W.M.
MARSH, H.E., JR.
MARTIN, S.
MARTINEAU, J.
MASMANIDI, N.D.
MASSON, J.C.
MATSUNAGA, K.
MATTHEWS, J.E.
MATTSON, C.S.
MATTSON, C.S.
MATTSON, J.S.
MATTSON, J.S.
MATTSON, V.R.
MAY, W.E.
MAYROSE, D.T.
MAZMANIDI, N.D.
MAZMANIDI, N.D.
MC ALISTER, W.B.
MC AULIFFE, C.D.
MC AULIFFE, C.D.
MC CAIN, B.B.
MC COWN, D.L.
MC DERMOTT, P.
MC EWEN, L.B., JR.
MC LEAN, A.Y.
MC LELLAN, C.
MEEKS, D.G.
MEENAGHAN, G.F.
MEIER, H.
MENARD, W., ET AL.
MERRELL, T.R., JR.
MERTENS, E.W.
MEYER, H.W.
MEYERS, S.P,
MIDDELBEEK, C.G.
MILLSTONE, M.L.
MILNE, A.F.
MINGAZETDINOV, A.A.
MIRONOV, O.G.
MIPONOV, O.G.
1529
1592
1273
1394
1274
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1 173
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368
-------
MISHENOV, YU.M. 1097
MITCHELL, J.K. 1507
MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS 1277
MIYAKE, Y. 1056
HOLCHANOV, G. 1301
MONACO, A. 1578
MOORE, B. 1504
MOORE, L.J. 1120
MORITA, R.Y. 1561
MORRESI, A.C. nog
MORRIS, B.F. 1087
MORRIS, G.V. 1075
MORRIS, S.C. 1532
MORRISON, C.R. 1171
MORROW, J.E. 1630
MOSESCU, N. 1114
MOSKVITINA, E.D. 1105
MUELLER, G. 1485
MUELLER, G. 1486
MUENCH, P.O. 1593
XUENNICH-BEBUS, H. 1278
MULLER, C. 1516
MULLIN, T.C. 1410
MULLIN, T.C. 1411
HUNDHEIM, 0. 1223
MUNRO, M. 1224
MURATA, M. 1267
MURZAKAEV, F.G. 1279
MUSAEV, D.D. 1280
MUTAFTSCHIEV, S. 1549
MUTAFTSCHIEV, S. 1550
MYERS, E.P. 1458
MYERS, L.H. 1398
HA0EAU, P.M. 1255
HAGATA, E. 1281
NAIDU, A.S. 1376
NEFF, G.S. 1099
NELSON, M.O. 1632
NELSON-SMITH, A. 1402
NEMCHENKO, A.G. 1282
NESTEROVA, M.P. 1283
N'GUYSN, M.-H. 1392
NICOL, C.W. 1023
NICOL, J.A.C. 1390
MICOL, J.A.C. 1391
NICOL, J.A.C. 1U03
NIELSEN, E.G. 1136
NIOSH 1623
NISSENBAUM, A. 13&9
NITECKI, C. 1379
NCAA 1533
NOAA 1531
NORCOR ENGINEERING-RESEARCH 1591
NORWOOD, M.E. 1220
NOVAK, J. 1284
OBOZNYI, V.F- 1285
O'BRIEN, P.Y. H04
ODDO, N. 1175
OFF. TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 1535
OFF. WATER RESEARCH/TECH. 1631
OGATA, M. 1056
OGINO, K. 1181
O'H EOCHA, C. 1105
OKAMURA, I. 1182
OKOCHI, Y. 1192
OLSON, C.G., ET AL. 1080
OMORI, A. H82
ORGILL, M.M. 1225
ORLOW, D.I. 1338
ORVOSH, W. 1055
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OSTROUMOVA, I.N. 1362
OVERFIELD. J.L. 1318
OWEN, J.J., III 1207
PAGNON, M. 1578
CO
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I.D.
PALMER, H.V.R., JR.
PALMER, L.L.
PANOVA, V.A.
PATIN, S.A.
PATTERSON, R.L.
PAUL, A.J.
PAULSON, A.C.
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PAYNE, J.F.
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PEARSON, J.G.
PENCO DIV. HUDSON ENG.
PEPPER, J.E.
PERCY, J.A.
PERCY, J.A.
PERCY, J.A.
PEREYRA, W.T.
PEREYRA, W.T.
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POSNER, J.C.
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POWERS, P.W.
PRESTON, A.
PREUS, P.
PRITCHARD, P.H.
PROUSE, N.J.
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REICHERT, W.L.
PEIGER, G.
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REYNOLDS, D.W.
REYNOLDS, R.M.
RHINE & RHONE SA
RICE, S.D.
RICE, S.D.
RICH, V.
RICHARD, J.W.
ROBE, K.
ROBERTS, A.
ROBERTS, W.G.
ROBERTSON, L.A.
RDGOZHKIN, G.I.
RONHOLT, L.
ROSE, J.R.
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ROSS, S.L.
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ROUBAL, W.T.
ROUBAL, W.T.
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-------
ROVEL, J.M.
ROWLAND, W.G., JR.
ROYER, T.C.
RUESTER, B.
RYBINA, L.A.
RYDSTROM, J.F.
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SACKETT, W.M.
SAILA, S.B.
SAMOILOVA, L.M.
SANDBROOK, R.
SANTT, R.
SASIN, R.K.
SCHECHTER, R.S.
SCHENK, J.E.
SCHLUNGBAUM
SCHNEIDER, K.B.
SCHNEIDER, K.B.
SCHOFIELD, E.
SCHUBEL, J.R.
SCHULTE, H.F.
SCHULTZ, L.A.
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SCHUMACHER, J.D.
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SEARBY, H.W.
SEAWARD INTERNATIONAL INC
SEDIVY, J.
SEAWARD
SEDIVY, J
SEESMAN, . .
SEESMAN, P.A.
SEESMAN, P.A.
SEESMAN, P.A.
SEMENOV, A.D.
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SHAKELY, S.F.
SHAPIRO, L.H.
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SHAW, D.G.
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SHAW, D.G.
SHAW, S.H.
SHEIER, A.
SHEKEL, Y.
SHEVELEVA,
SHEWCHUCK
SHIBUSAWA
HMiBUSAWA, I.
SHIFRIN, K.S.
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SIEMENS, A.H.
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SLICKBAR, INC.
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SOLSBERG, L.
SOLSBERG, L.B.
SOUDAN, M.
SOUTAR, I.
SPENCER, F.W.
SPENCER, M.J.
SPENCER, M.J.
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STAINKEN, D.M.
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STEWART, R.J.
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THOMAS, R.V.
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THOMPSON, R.G.
THORNTON, D.E.
THORNTON, D.E.
THURBERG, F.T.
THYRUM, P.T.
TIDESWELL, M.W.
TIEMANN, G.
TIMOSHINA, L.A.
TOKUDA, H.
TOKUDA, H.
TOKYO UNIVERSITY-FISHERIES
TOMCZAK, 0.
TOPHAM, D.R.
TORNATORE, G.
TOWNES, B.
TRAMIER, B.
TRAXLER, R.W.
TRILLO, R.L.
TSANG, G.
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TUFFET, T.J.
UEDA, S.
UNGER, E.
UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA
URBANSKI, J.
VADALKAR, K.
VADEKAR, M.
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-------
VAN BAALEN, C.
VANDERHORST, J.R.
VANDERMEULEN, J.H.
VAN GELDER-OTTWAY, S.
VAN GELDER-OTTWAY, S.
VAN GELDER-OTTWAY, S.
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VERNBERG, W.B.
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WAKEHAM, S.G.
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WALKER, J.D.
WALKER, J.D.
WALL, C.J.
WALTER, B.
WANG, H.
WANG, R.T.
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WARDLEY-SMITH, J.
WARNER, I.M.
WASEN, D.
WATKEN, J.
WATKINSON, R.J.
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WEISS, F.T.
WEITZEL, R.L.
WELCH, M.F.
WELLER, G.
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WELSH, J.P-
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WHELAN, W.
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WILSON, C.A.
WILSON, D.E.
WILSON, H.S.
WILSON, K.W.
WINTERS, K.
WINTERS, K.
WISNIEWSKI, K.
WOLFERTZ, R.M.
WOLK, R.H.
WOLKOFF, A.W.
WONG, C.S.
WONG, C.S.
WRIGHT, A.
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WYMAN, J.F.
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YEUNG, R.W.
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YOUNG, J.
YOUNG, J.R.
YOUNG, R.W.
YOUNGBLOOD, W.W.
YUZHANINOV, A.G.
ZACHARIAS, E.M-, JR.
ZAKHARINA, S.B.
ZHMIN'KO, E.N.
ZIL'BERMAN, A.G.
ZIMMERMAN, S.T.
ZITKO, V.
ZOBOVA, N.A.
1122
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371
-------
APPENDIX
Periodicals Reviewed
Alternatives: Perspectives on Society and Environment
Ambio
American Fisheries Society Transactions
Applied Ecology Abstracts
Applied Energy
Applied Microbiology
Applied Science & Technology Index
Aquatic Sciences & Fisheries Abstracts
Audubon
Australian Science Index
Berichte der Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Komission fuer
Meeresforschung
Biological Abstracts
Bioscience
British Birds
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Chemical Abstracts
Chemical and Engineering News
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Progress
Chemical Week
Chemistry in Canada
Chemosphere
Current Contents: Life Sciences
Current Contents: Physical and Chemical Sciences
Deep-Sea Research
Ecolibrium
Ecological Abstracts
Ecological Modelling
Ecology Law Quarterly
Energy Information Abstracts
Energy Review
Environment
Environment Abstracts
Environmental Action
Environmental Conservation
Environmental Geology
Environmental Health and Pollution Control
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Science & Technology
Environmetal Technology and Economics
EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly
ERDA Energy Research Abstracts
Erdoel und Kohle Erdgas Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoffchemie
Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science
Fuel Abstracts and Current Titles
Government Reports Announcements
372
-------
Hydrocarbon Processing
IMS Newsletter
India Journal of Environmental Health
Industrial Wastes Information Bulletin
International Aerospace Abstracts
International Journal of Ecology and Environmental Science
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
International Petroleum Abstracts
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of Environmental Science and Health
Journal of Environmental Sciences
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health
Limnology and Oceanography
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Journal
Marine Biology
Marine Chemistry
Marine Fisheries Review
Marine Geology
Marine Geotechnology
Marine Policy
Marine Pollution Bulletin
Marine Science Contents Tables
Marine Technology Society, Journal
Maritime Research Information Service Abstracts
Massachusetts Audubon
Microbial Ecology
National Fisherman
National Research Council, News Report
National Wildlife
Nature
New Technical Books
Nippon Susan Gakkai Shi. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of
Scientific Fisheries
Ocean Engineering
Ocean Industry
Ocean Management
Oceanic Abstracts
Oceanus
Offshore
Oil and Gas Journal
Outdoor California
Pacific Oil World
Petroleum Abstracts
Petroleum Engineer International
Petroleum Today
Pollution Abstracts
Pollution Engineering
Proceedings in Print
373
-------
Resources
Resource Recovery and Conservation
Royal Society of London, Proceedings, Series B, Biological Sciences
Science
Science News
Science of the Total Environment
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Sea Frontiers
Sea Secrets
Sea Technology
Selected References on Environmental Quality
Selected Water Resources Abstracts
Technical Book Review
The Ecologist
The Engineering Index
The Sciences
UDS Water Quality Control Digest
Underwater Information Bulletin
Underwater Naturalist
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water Pollution Control Federation, Journal
Water Research
WRC Information
Western Fisheries
374
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
EPA-600/2-77-243
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
t. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OIL SPILL AND OIL POLLUTION REPORTS
May 1977 - July 1977
5, REPORT DATE
November 1977 issuing date
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
'. AUTHOR(S) ' ~~ ~
Penelope Melvin, Helmut Ehrenspeck, and Paul Nordin
s. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Marine Science Institute
University of California
Santa Barbara, California 93106
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE623
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-805052
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
- Cin., OH
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Quarterly, Hay-July, 1977
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/12
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The May, 1977 - July, 1977 issue of Oil Spill and Oil Pollution Reports is
a quarterly compilation of oil pollution publications and ongoing project
summaries. Presented in the report are: (a} summaries and citations of
published literature and patents; (b) summaries and status of current research
projects; and (c) current oil-related conferences. This report is submitted in
partial fulfillment of EPA Grant No. R-805052 by the Marine Science Institute,
University of California, Santa Barbara, under the sponsorship of the
Environmental Protection Agency.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
*Bibliographies
*Summaries
*Patents
*Documents
*Research
Oil pollution
Oil spill events
Oil spill research
Oil pollution control
Oil pollution patents
13B
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
387
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
375
*U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1978— 757-140/66Z7
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I
I U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey 08817
We are requesting your assistance upon receiving the report ("Oil
Spill and Oil Pollution Reports, May 1977 - July 1977").
Is the information usable?
Is the format helpful?
We invite your comments and suggestions. Thank you.
O)
3
U
Name
Organization_
Address
-------
Mr. J. S. Dorrler
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Edison, New Jersey 08817
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