-------
OFFICE PROFILES
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OFFICE PROFILES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
Organization
Functions
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Executive Support Office
Executive Secretariat
Office of Administrative Law Judges
Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization
Office of Civil Rights
Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations
Office of Communications. Education and Public Affairs
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management
Science Advisory Board
Environmental Appeals Board
Pollution Prevention Policy Staff
Assistants to the Administrator/Deputy Administrator
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
PAGE
1-1
1-1
1 -2
1-4
1-8
1- 10
1 - 11
1- 12
1- 13
1 - 14
1- 15
1- 16
1- 17
1-18
1- 19
1-20
1-21
1 -22
1-24
1-27
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page 2
SECTION 2 - OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION AND RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Legislative Authority
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Environmental Equity
Office of Administration
Office of Human Resources Management
Office of Information Resources Management
Office of the Comptroller
Office of Acquisition Management
Office of Grants and Debarment
Office of Management and Administration - Cincinnati
Office of Management and Administration - Research Triangle Park
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
2- 1
2-2
2-3
2-3
2-3
2-6
2-10
2- 12
2-13
2- 15
2- 18
2-20
2-22
2-24
2-25
2-27
2-29
2-31
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page3
SECTION 3 - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Legislative Authorities
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Civil Enforcement
Office of Criminal Enforcement
National Enforcement Investigations Center
Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement
Office of Federal Activities
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
SECTION 4 - OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL
Organization
Functions
Leadership
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Associate General Counsels
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
3- 1
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-3
3-6
3-1O
3-12
3- 14
3- 16
3-18
3-2O
3-22
3-28
4- 1
4- 1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-8
4- 1O
4-12
4- 15
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page 4
SECTION 5 - OFFICE OF POLICY. PLANNING AND EVALUATION
Organization
Functions
Leadership
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
%
Office of Regulatory Management and Evaluation
Office of Policy Analysis
Office of Strategic Planning and Environmental Data
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
SECTION 6 - OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Organization
Functions
Leadership
Legislative Authorities
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Division Directors
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
5-1
5- 1
5-2
5-2
5-4
5-8
5- 10
5- 12
5- 14
5- 16
5- 17
6- 1
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-8
6- 1O
6- 11
6- 12
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page 5
SECTION 7 - OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
Organization
Functions
Leadership
Legislative Authority
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Audit
Office of Investigations
Office of Management
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
SECTION 8 - OFFICE OF WATER
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Legislative Authorities
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance
Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds
Office of Science and Technology
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
7-1
7. - 1
7-2
7-2
7-3
7-5
7-9
7-11
7- 14
7- 16
7- 18
7- 19
8- 1
8-2
8-2
8-3
8-5
8-8
8- 12
8- 14
8- 16
8- 18
8-20
8-22
8-26
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page 6
SECTION 9 - OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Legislative Authorities .
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Technology Innovation Office
Superfund Revitalization Office
Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Office of Solid Waste
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
SECTION 1O - OFFICE OF Am AND RADIATION
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Legislative Authorities
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
9- 1
9-2
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-7
9-11
9- 13
9- 14
9- 15
9- 16
9- 18
9-2O
9-22
9-23
9-25
10- 1
1O-2
1O-2
10-3
1O-3
1O-6
1O- 1O
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
Page?
Section 1O - Office of Air and Radiation (continued)
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Office of Atmospheric Programs
Office of Mobile Sources
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
SECTION 11 - OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES
Organization
Functions
Leadership
Legislative Authorities
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Office .of Compliance Monitoring
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
10- 12
1O- 14
1O- 16
1O- 18
1O-2O
1O-23
11-1
11 - 1
11-2
11-2
11-4
11-7
11- 11
11- 13
11- 15
11- 17
11- 19
11-23
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Office Profiles
Table of Contents
PageS
SECTION 12 - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Organization
Leadership
Functions
Synopsis of Major Issues
Resources
Workforce Demographics
Office of Exploratory Research
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
Office of Health Research
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology Demonstration
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Delegations of Authority
Organizational History
12- 1
12-2
12-2
12-3
12-5
12-9
12- 11
12- 12
12- 13
12- 14
12- 15
12- 16
12- 17
12- 18
12-2O
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OFFICE OF THE
ADMINISTRATOR
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Section 1
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FUNCTIONS
The Administrator Is responsible to the President for the supervision and direction of the programs and
activities of the Agency.
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Page 1-2
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
EPA'S IMAGE
The public's view of EPA Is mixed. On the one hand, the public consistently rates EPA in the top third
of all Federal agencies in terms of overall approval, indicating that Americans support its general
direction and mission. On the other hand, the same sample said that of all the regulatory activities,
they had the lowest confidence in environmental protection, suggesting public doubt about EPA's
performance. At the same time, a large percentage of individuals claimed that they didn't know enough
about EPA's record to form a judgment about its performance. The continuing challenge for EPA is to
both educate the public about the environment, and to give citizens enough information about EPA to
form a foundation on which to Judge the Agency and its policies.
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT REQUESTS
The Agency receives the fourth largest volume of Freedom of Information Act requests in the Federal
government. The growing workload has severely challenged the Agency's ability to respond to requests
in a timely manner since most requests require extensive search time and complex coordination. Based
on historical analysis, EPA expects the rate of requests to grow at a rate of 10% annually over the next
two years as a result of increased litigation and commercial use.
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
Interest in the new environmental education grants has been overwhelming. In FY-92 the Agency
received more than 3000 proposals requesting over $100 million. Competition was strenuous and only
7% of the proposals could be supported by the $2.4 million available. This year, competition is expected
to be equally strenuous, with $2.9 million available for allocation.
STATE/LOCAL RELATIONSHIP
Although an effective relationship between EPA and state/local governments is essential for environ-
mental protection in this country, it strikes at the core of the controversy over the different concepts
of "Federalism." The Agency, primarily through the Office of Regional Operations and State/Local
Relations, is engaged in several efforts to improve the working relationship with its co-regulators. The
relationship is both substantive (rule development and enforcement) as well as communicative (public
education arid constituent needs). The new Administration will need to review and build upon the
mechanisms that EPA uses to strengthen this important relationship. Efforts to strengthen this critical
relationship will become increasingly more important as the gap grows between currently available
Federal, state, and local resources, and the investments needed to both maintain existing standards
and meet new environmental requirements. In 1988 that gap was $115 billion and it is projected to
increase to $200 biJJlon by 2QOQ. EPA and state/local governments need to work closely together to
address and overcome this problem.
COMPOSITION OF THE WORKFORCE
Minorities, women, and disabled persons are not well represented in Senior Executive level and
management positions (GM 13-15) iii the Agency. Little progress has been made at these levels, and
continued attention is needed to redress the current deficiencies. The Offices of Civil Rights and
Human Resources Management have recently formed a partnership to ensure that personnel planning,
procedures and processes are fully supportive of the Agency's civil rights and workforce diversity goals.
SMALL AND DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS PROGRAM
EPA needs to increase the number of qualified women and minority contracts and minority academic
institutions participating in direct procurements, grants, cooperative agreements, and other business
opportunities.
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Office Profiles Office of the Administrator Page 1-3
CONTROVERSIAL RISK ASSESSMENTS (SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD)
The Science Advisory Board will review a radon study required by the Chaflee-Lautenberg amendment
which deals with risks from radon and costs of radon removal. This issue is controversial because the
proposed regulations for radon In water would require systems to remove radon from drinking water
at a concentration in water which produces an indoor radon concentration which is very small
compared to the 4 pCi/L action level for radon In homes. Many water suppliers find the costs very high
and some public health experts wonder whether there is a way to optimize protection instead.
The Science Advisory Board will review the Agency's Dioxin Risk Reassessment in April, 1993. Dioxin
has been, and continues to be, a highly controversial subject. The reassessment has engendered a high
level of public interest and involvement.
The Science Advisory Board will review the Agency's revised Cancer Guidelines in the Spring or Summer
of 1993. These Guidelines dictate how the Agency (as well as many other entities) assess chemical
agents for potential carcinogenlcity, and thus have enormous impacts on public health and costs of
associated environmental controls and preventive measures.
The Science Advisory Board will review the RCRA Groundwater Corrective Action Regulatory Impact
Analysis In March, 1993. The regulatory analysis will have great impact on the future levels of
remediation required at hazardous waste sites, and thus on the level of costs imposed on the regulated
community. It will be of considerable interest to environmental and industry groups across the nation.
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Page 1-4
RESOURCES
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
600
500 -
400
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
1984
1985
In FY 1989, the Office of International Activities was moved out of OA and
established as a separate Office. The FY 1992 growth is the result of added
responsibilities: implementation of the Pollution Prevention Act and the National
Environmental Education Act, and the initiation of a Small Communities Program.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-5
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984
$39
$17
1993
IHQ D REGIONS
1984
Workyears
1993
HOD REGIONS
The increase in operating program resources supports the implementation of the
National Environmental Education Act and the Small Communities Program.
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Page 1-6
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990 1991 1992
1993
INPM pIplOMB gg President's I I Operating
Request L_J Request HH Budget I 1 Plan
Workyears
1989
1990
INPM
Request
1991
1992
1993
OMB
Request
President's I I Operating
Budget I 1 Plan
The increase in the OMB request over the NPM request reflects resources for special
projects.
The increase in 1992 was primarily to support the environmental education
program, and the establishment of a pollution prevention office.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-7
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
100
1993PresBud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
1993 Pros Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
The FY 1994 OMB request represents increased resources for the Environmental
Services Divisions, Regional Administrators' priorities, expansion of the
environmental education program, environmental equity, NAFTA, Total Quality
Management, and additional administrative functions.
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Page 1-8
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS
1.84*
23.3198
23.933
25.4638
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-------
Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-9
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES FOR COLLEGE GRADUATES
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Page 1-10
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
EXECUTIVE SUPPORT OFFICE
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Executive Support
Office
LEADERSHIP
Diane N. Bazzle, Director
Executive Support Office
Diane Bazzle has served as Director for the past
ten years. Before Joining the Office of Executive
Support, she was a Supervisory Personnel Man-
agement Specialist with the Personnel Manage-
ment Division. Office of Administration and Re-
sources Management. She began her government
career^as a Management Intern. Diane received
her B-A. from the University of Connecticut and
has done graduate study at George Washington
University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Provides the Administrator, the Deputy Administrator, their Assistants and Special Assistants,
the Associate Administrators, and the Administrator's Headquarters staff offices with admin-
istrative, financial management. ADP, and budget support.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-11
EXECUTIVE SECRETARIAT
LEADERSHIP
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Richard Cantor, Director
Executive Secretariat
Dick Cantor became Director of the Executive
Secretariat in May, 1992 after serving as Deputy
Associate Administrator for Regional Operations
and State/Local Relations. He came to EPA in
1991 from the Department of Transportation where
he was an Attorney-advisor in the Office of the
Chief Counsel, Federal Transit Administration.
Prior to entering government service, Dick served
as Executive Director and General Counsel of a
national trade association, and worked two years
on Capitol Hill. He holds a BA. from Tulane
University, and a J.D. from Northeastern Univer-
sity.
FUNCTIONS
Responsible to the Administrator's Chief of Staff for the Administrator's and Deputy
Administrator's correspondence, both executive and Congressional. The Director position has
historically been filled by a non-career official.
Q Responsible for the Freedom of Information Program.
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Page 1-12
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE
LAW JUDGES
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Office of Administrative
Law Judges
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LEADERSHIP
Henry B. Frazier, in
Chief Judge
Judge Frazier was appointed Chief Judge in 1990
after having served as an Administrative Law
Judge since 1987. He was appointed by the
President in 1979 as a member of the Federal
Labor Relations Authority. Prior to that. Judge
Frazier had served as Executive Director of the
Federal Labor Relations Council, and as Deputy
for Civilian Personnel Policy and Civilian Rights
for the Assistant Secretary of Army for Manpower.
He holds a B.A. from the University of Virginia, a
J.D. from George Washington University, and two
LL.M. degrees from Georgetown University.
FUNCTIONS
Presides over cases and conducts formal hearings which arise from complaints filed by the
various regional offices and Headquarters program offices. The complaints allege violations of
the various environmental statutes which the Agency enforces. Decisions by the ALJs may be
appealed to the Environmental Appeals Board.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-13
OFFICE OF SMALL AND
DISADVANTAGED BUSINESS
UTILIZATION
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Office of Small and
Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
-,
LEADERSHIP
Leon Hampton
Director, Office of Small and Disadvantaged
Business Utilization
Leon Hampton has served as Director since May,
1992. Prior to becoming Director, Leon was a
Program Advisor to the Director, Office of Civil
Rights for three years. He served for over ten years
at the Department of Commerce, Minority Busi-
ness Development Agency, and the Small Business
Administration. Leon holds a B A. from Western
Kentucky University and a J.D. from Washington
College of Law, The American University.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization has responsibility for developing policies
and carrying out programs set forth under the Small Business Act.
Q Establishes policy,-guidance, and assistance to small and disadvantaged, minority and women-
owned businesses and other socio-economic groups.
Q Develops. In collaboration with the Office of Administration and Resources Management,
programs to stimulate and improve the involvement of small business, minority business, etc.
in the EPA procurement process.
Serves as the Agency's liaison with the small business community subject to EPA regulations.
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Page 1-14
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF CIVIL RIGHTS
ADMINISTRATOR
DEf^TTADMlTiiSTRATOR"
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LEADERSHIP
Dan J. Rondeau
Director
Dan Rondeau became the Director in August.
1992. He was formerly Director, Office of Equal
Employment. Opportunity and Deputy Director.
Equal Opportunity. U.S. Public Health Service.
Dan holds a M.S. degree in Legal Studies from
Antioch University and a Master's in Public Ad-
ministration from The American University.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Civil Rights serve.s as the principal adviser to the Administrator with respect to EPA's
internal and external equal opportunity and civil rights program and assesses the impact of Agency
programs on minorities and women.
Q Manages the Agency's discrimination complaints program.
Q Ensures compliance with appropriate civil rights statutes and regulations prohibiting discrimi-
nation in Federally assisted programs.
Q Plans, develops, and monitors implementation of the Agency's Affirmative Action Plan.
Q Ensures the implementation of the Agency's special emphasis programs.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-15
OFFICE OF CONGRESSIONAL &
LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS
LEADERSHIP
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Associate Administrator for
Congressional & Legislative
Affairs
Patrick H. Qulnn
Associate Administrator
Pat Quinn has served as Associate Administrator
since June, 1989. Prior to that time, he was
Director, Office of Congressional Liaison. Pat also
served as Executive Assistant to the Deputy Ad-
ministrator for two years, and as Special Assis-
tant, Office of the Deputy Secretary, Department
of Agriculture, for over a year. Pat received his B JV.
from the University of Virginia.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs advises the Administrator on all Congressional and
legislative activities. The Associate Administrator position has historically been filled by a non-career
official.
Q Develops the Administrator's legislative agenda: legislative proposals and the strategy to
Implement them.
Q Serves as EPA's principal point of contact for Congress; dally contact with the Hill provides an
effective coordination point for Agency officials.
Q Serves as the Agency's liaison with the Administration, through OMB, on EPA's position
regarding legislative initiatives or policies of other Executive Branch departments and Agencies.
Q Coordinates Agency testimony and policy statements regarding legislation pending before
Congress. Manages clearance process for such documents with OMB.
Provides legislative research services through its Legislative Reference Library.
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Page 1-16
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS &
STATE/LOCAL RELATIONS
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_ ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Associate Administrator for
Regional Operations &
State/Local Relations
LEADERSHIP
Laurie D. Goodman
Associate Administrator
Laurie Goodman has served as Associate Admin-
istrator since December, 1991. Prior to that she
was with the U.S. Senate for more than four years,
where she served as Deputy to the Chief of Staff
and Legislative Assistant in the Office of Senator
Alan K. Simpson (R-WY). Laurie received her
Petroleum Land Management degree from the
University of Oklahoma in 1983. She has had
further studies at The American University and
the University of Haifa in Israel.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations serves as the principal advisor to the
Administrator on all regional operations and on intergovernmental relations. The Associate Admin-
istrator position has historically been filled by a non-career official.
Q Provides a Headquarters focus for ensuring the involvement of the regions in all aspects of the
Agency's work.
Q Acts as ombudsman to resolve regional problems on behalf of the Administrator.
Q Serves as the Headquarters office representing the regional Environmental Services Divisions.
Q Recommends and coordinates the personal involvement of the Administrator and/or the
Deputy Administrator in relations with state/tribal/county/local officials.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-17
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS,
EDUCATION & PUBLIC AFFAIRS
_ ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
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Page 1-18
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF COOPERATIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-19
SCIENCE ADVISORY BOARD
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DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
LEADERSHIP
Donald G. Barnes
Director, Science Advisory Board
Formerly Science Advisor to the Assistant Admin-
istrator for Pesticides .and Toxic Substances for
ten years. Don Barnes was appointed Director of
the Science Advisory Board staff in March, 1988.
Before joining EPA, Don was an Associate Profes-
sor of Chemistry and Physics at St. Andrews
Presbyterian College. North Carolina. He was
awarded his Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from
Florida State University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Supports the Science Advisory Board in its advisory role to the Administrator on the scientific
technical, and economic underpinnings of EPA positions.
Q Provides an interface between EPA.and the Board.
Q Provides an interface between the public and the Board.
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Page 1-20
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD
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LEADERSHIP
Ronald L. McCallum, Judge
Ronald McCallum is a charter member of the
Environmental Appeals Board which was estab-
lished in March, 1992. From 1984 to 1992 he
served as the Agency's Chief Judicial Officer. Prior
to that McCallum was Judicial Officer beginning
in 1978. From 1974 to 1978 he served In the Office
of General Counsel as attorney-advisor and as
Senior Trial Attorney. McCallum is a graduate of
Indiana University, where he received his AB..
M.B.A., and J.D. degrees.
Edward E. Reich, Judge
Ed Reich has served as Judge since March. 1992. Previously he served as Legal Advisor to the
Administrator and as the Acting Assistant Administrator and Deputy Assistant Administrator in the
Office of Enforcement. Ed has been involved in the implementation of environmental laws with EPA
and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare since 1968. He received his J.D. from
Georgetown University Law Center.
Nancy Firestone, Judge
Nancy Firestone previously served as Associate Deputy Administrator from 1989 to 1992. Priortothat
she was the Deputy Chief of the Environmental Enforcement Section, U.S. Department of Justice. She
is an alumnus of Washington University, St. Louis and the University of MissouriKansas City Law
School, and is an Adjunct Professor at Georgetown University.
FUNCTIONS
Serves as the Agency's administrative appellate authority in the consideration and resolution
of appeals or other requests for a decision by the Administrator in adjudicatory matters required
by statute to be made by the Administrator.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-21
POLLUTION PREVENTION POLICY
STAFF
ADMINISTRATOR
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Pollution Prevention
Policy Staff
LEADERSHIP
Eric V. Schaeffer, Director
Pollution Prevention Policy Staff
Prior to his assignment as Director, Eric Schaeffer
served as the Deputy Administrator's Special As-
sistant for pollution prevention. Before joining
EPA he 'was an environmental attorney with
Morgan, Lewis and Bockius for three years, and a
legislative aide and staff director in Congress for
nine years. Eric received his B.A. degree in
Political Science and History from Vanderbilt Uni-
versity and his J.D. from Georgetown University
Law Center.
FUNCTIONS
Responsible for guiding, directing, and mediating all pollution prevention activities throughout
the Agency, working closely with the Pollution Prevention Division under the direction of the
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances.
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Page 1-22
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
ASSISTANTS TO THE ADMINISTRATOR/DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
The following Is a list of Assistants who report to the Administrator and Deputy Administrator and
their areas of responsibility.
I. ADMINISTRATOR
Personal g^affr
Chief of Staff
Deputy Chief of Staff
Staff Assistant - Travel Coordinator
Staff Assistant
Chief Scheduler
Confidential Assistant
Executive Assistant to the Chief of Staff
Executive Officer (Acting)
Staff Assistant
Associate Deputy
Administrator
Staff Assistant
Staff Assistant
Gordon Binder
Sally Cole
Yvonne Countee
Pamela Herring
Denise Schwartz
Diana Widener
Betty Wonkovich
DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR
Helga Butler
Linda Hilwig
Tracy Mehan II
Gladys Stroman
Bonnie Washington
-------
Office Profiles Office of the Administrator Page 1-23
HI. SCHEDULING, TRAVEL. AND SPEECHES
This group is responsible for communications, scheduling, coordinating invitations, travel,
meetings, briefings, and related preparations under the Chief of Staffs direction.
Jared Burden Speech Writer
Dave Cohen Special Assistant for Communications
Yvonne Countee Staff Assistant (Travel Coordinator for the Administrator)
Bill Dewitt Staff Assistant (Briefing books for the Administrator)
Ted Garmey - Speech Writer
Mark Goldman Staff Assistant (Briefing books for the Deputy Administrator)
Linda Hilwig Scheduler (for the Deputy Administrator)
Denise Schwartz Chief Scheduler (for the Administrator)
Tom Super Speech Writer ;
IV. PROGRAM SPECIAL ASSISTANTS
Special Assistants on detail from the program offices, are responsible fortracking and reviewing
assigned activities and material requiring signature, coordinating briefings, staying in regular
contact with program offices, preparing brief issue alerts, participating on the Administrator's
and Deputy Administrator's special work groups, and providing advice to the Administrator
and Deputy, as requested.
V. OTHER SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS
John Baker Agricultural Advisor (consultant)
Zee Homoki Special Assistant to the Administrator & White House person-
nel Liaison
William F. Raub Science Advisor to the Administrator
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Page 1-24
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
I DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR ]
GENERAL. ADMINISTRATIVE AND
MISCELLANEOUS
1-1 General Delegation
I EXECUTIVE SUPPORT OFFICE]
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND
MISCELLANEOUS
1-18 Agency Seal
| ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES]
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND
MISCELLANEOUS
1-37 Hearings
1-39 Adjudication of Discrimination Complaints Filed by EPA Employees or Applicants for Employ-
ment
EMERGENCY PLANNING & COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
22-3-C Administrative Hearings: 40 CFR Part 22
CLEAN AIR ACT
7-33 Subpoenas and Administration of Oaths
RIGHTS
GENERAL. ADMINISTRATIVE AND
MISCELLANEOUS
1-39 Adjudication of Discrimination Complaints Filed by EPA Employees or Applicants for Employ-
ment
-------
Office Profiles Office of the Administrator Page 1-25
I ENVIRONMENTAL APPEALS BOARD |
GENERAL. ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-38 Administrative Proceedings
1 -40 Final Decisions on Formal Complaints of Discrimination Filed by EPA Employees or Applicants
for Employment, and Final Decisions on Liquidated Damages Under the Contract Work Hours
and Safety Standards Act
CLEAN WATER ACT
2-51 Class I Administrative Penalty Actions
MARINE PROTECTION. RESEARCH. AND SANCTUARIES ACT
3-1-C Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE AND RODENTICIDE ACT
5- 15-B Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
7-33 Subpoenas and Administration of Oaths
7-41-CNoncompliance Penalty: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
CLEAN Am ACT
8-9-C Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8-27 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
(Subtitle I)
8-44 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
(Subtitle J)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-33-C Appeals of Part B Administrative Penalty Orders
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
12-2-C Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE. COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT
14-33 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Final Orders
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
22-3-C Administrative Hearings: 40 CFR Part 22
ORGANOTIN ANTIFOULING PAINT CONTROL ACT
25-5 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
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Page 1-26 Office of the Administrator Office Profiles
OFFICE OF REGIONAL OPERATIONS
AND STATE/LOCAL RELATIONS
CLEAN AIR ACT
7-35 Air Pollution Control Manpower Training Assistance
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS,
EDUCATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-74 Environmental Education Grants and Cooperative Agreements Under Section 5 and Section
6 of the National Environmental Education Act of 1990
1-75 Grants and Cooperative Agreements for Studies, Investigations, and Surveys Related to
Environmental Education and Public Affairs
1-79 Funding for the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8- 18-B Solid Waste Management Training Assistance
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-10 Making Available Information and Agency Facilities and Providing Training Assistance
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Office Profiles
Office of the Administrator
Page 1-27
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Administrator
Deputy Administrator
ฑ
1970
1975
1979
1980
1981
Legislative
Liaison
Legislation
international
Affairs
International
Activities
Public
Awareness
Environmental
Review
Public
Affairs
Federal
Activities
Regional &
intergov't
Operations
Administrative
LaWjudges
Small & Disadv.
Business Utilization
Intergov't
Relations
Regional
Liaison
status
QJ
Assistant Administrator of
External Affairs
i_i
1
Equal
Opportunity
Civil Rights
&
Urban Affairs
Civil Rights
Science
Advisory
Board
Associate
Administrator
Regional
Operations
Assoc. Admin
International
Activities
to AA Status
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Page 1-28
Office of the Administrator
Office Profiles
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Associate
Administrator
Regional Operations
1982
To A A
Status
From AA
Status
1989
ToOE
Associate
Administrator
International
Activities
Office of
Executive
Support
Assistant
Administrator
External Affairs
Associate
Administrator
Regional Opera-
tions & State/
Local Relations
Office of
Cooperative
;, Environmental :
: Management
Associate
Administrator
Congressional &
Legislative Affairs
Associate
Administrator
Communications
& Public Affairs
1990
1
Executive
Secretariat
Executive
Support
Office
1991
Associate
Administrator
Communications
Education
& Public Affairs
Pollution
Prevention
Policy Staff
1992
Environmental
Appeals Board
-------
Office Profiles Office of the Administrator Page 1-29
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator .William Ruckelshaus,
published an organizational order providing for the designation of Assistant Administrators for
Planning and Management, Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and
Monitoring. The five principal categorical programs -air, water, solid wastes, radiation and pesticides
were retained individually under the management of commissioners.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The organizational history of the Office of the Administrator has always reflected the personal
management style of the Administrator. In 1970. the Office of the Administrator included Public
Affairs, Legislative Liaison, International Activities, and Equal Opportunity. In 1971, Legislative
Liaison changed its name to Legislation emphasizing its role in developing and reviewing legislative
proposals. In 1971, there was the addition of a fifth staff office, the Office of Federal Activities. It was
designed to oversee environmental impact statements and the implementation of environmental
policies in Federal agencies.
In 1972. Equal Opportunity was reorganized functionally to the Office of Civil Rights and Urban Affairs
and involved itself in environmental initiatives in the Washington D.C. community. The Office existed
for two years before it returned to the standard equal opportunity functions and was retitled Civil Rights
in 1974.
The Science Advisory Board was added in 1973 to provide expert and independent advice to the
Administrator on a broad spectrum of scientific, technical, and policy matters. The Office of General
Counsel joined the Administrator's Office from the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel in 1975
and remained until 1981.
In 1975, the Office of Regional and Intergovernmental Operations was formed, drawing some of its
intergovernmental functions from Legislation. The Office of Administrative Law Judges was added, the
result of a government-wide management decision, the purpose of which was to ease the workload on
the courts from Federal agencies. The Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization was
created in 1977 from functions assigned to Planning and Management and Civil Rights.
In 1978. the Office of Public Affairs signified its new role in educating the public to environmental issues
when it retitled itself Public Awareness. Separate from Public Awareness existed Press Services which
provided the traditional press role for the Administrator. Press Services existed from 1979 to 1981.
In order to provide an increased independence for the two operations, the Office of Regional and
Intergovernmental Operations split into Intergovernmental Relations and Regional Liaison in 1979. In
1980, the Office of Inspector General was added. The Inspector General Act of 1978 required overtwelve
Departments and Agencies, including EPA. to establish independent Inspectors General (IG) to
Investigate mismanagement. The IG left the Office of Administrator in 1983 to be on a par
organizationally with the Assistant Administrators.
In 1981, several name changes occurred: Public Awareness reverted to Public Affairs, recombined with
Press Services, and returned to the standard Public Affairs function. The legislation function moved
to another AAship, Office of Planning and Resource Management, and the Office of Legislation was
retitled Congressional Liaison. Intergovernmental Relations was retitled Intergovernmental Liaison,
and Regional Liaison was abolished, with its duties transferred to a Special Assistant to the
Administrator. The Office of General Counsel was transferred to Legal Counsel and Enforcement as
part of a major reorganization of the Agency's enforcement function.
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Page 1-30 Office of the Administrator Office Profiles
In 1982, the budget and administrative support functions throughout the Office of the Administrator
were consolidated in a staff office, the Office of Executive Support. In 1984, the Freedom of Information
and correspondence functions were added to this office. Also in 1982. the legislative function was
moved back to the Office of the Administrator for a brief time before it was moved to the Office of General
Counsel.
A reorganization in 1983 brought about the first streamlining of the Administrator's Office. All external
functions: Public Affairs. Federal Activities. Congressional Liaison, Intergovernmental Liaison, and
Legislation from the General Counsel were combined under a new Assistant Administrator for External
Affairs. The regional and international functions were elevated to Associate Administrator status.
In 1989, the Associate Administratorship for International Activities was elevated to an Assistant
Administratorship to reflect the growing prominence of international environmental protection.
To accommodate the Assistant Administratorship for International Activities, the Office of External
Affairs relinquished its Presidentially Appointed/Senate confirmed Assistant Administratorship. The
office was split into three Associate Administratorships: Congressional and Legislative Affairs;
Communications and Public Affairs: and the Intergovernmental Staff Joined the Office of Regional
Operations to create the Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations. Federal Activities
moved from the Office of the Administrator to the Office of Enforcement.
The Office of Cooperative Environmental Management was created in 1989 as a staff office to support
the National Advisory Council on Environment and Technology Transfer, now known as the National
Advisory Council on Environmental Policy and Technology.
To increase the prominence of the Administrator's correspondence function, the Congressional and
executive correspondence and Freedom of Information staffs split from the Office of Executive Support
to create the Executive Secretariat.
As a result of passage of the National Environmental Education Act. the environmental education
function was added to the Office of Communications and Public Affairs in 1991 to create the Office of
Communications. Education, and Public Affairs.
Also in 1991. the pollution prevention function moved from the Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation to the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. The policy portion of the
pollution prevention function was moved to the Immediate Office of the Administrator following a
statutory requirement.
In 1992, the Chief Judicial Officer function in the Office of the Administrator was reconfigured as the
three member Environmental Appeals Board.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The structure of the Office of the Administrator has changed dramatically in the past few years. It now
contains three Associate Administrators: Congressional and Legislative Affairs; Communications,
Education, and Public Affairs; and Regional Operations and State/Local Relations. There are seven
staff offices: Office of Civil Rights. Science Advisory Board. Office of Administrative Law Judges, Office
of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Office of Cooperative Environmental Management,
the Executive Support Office, and the Executive Secretariat. The Pollution Prevention Policy Staff and
the Environmental Appeals Board are located in the Immediate Office.
-------
ADMINISTRATION &
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
-------
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Page 2-2 Office of Administration and Resources Management Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
Christian R. Holmes
Assistant Administrator
Chris Holmes has served as the Assistant Administrator and Chief Financial Officer since 1991. Prior
to this, he was the National Program Manager for Federal Facilities Enforcement, Principal Deputy
Assistant Administrator of the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, and Vice President of
the Cooper Companies & Cooper Development Company. He has also served as the Director of the U.S.
Trade and Development Program at the Agency for International Development (AID), the Principal
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State at the State Department, and Deputy Director in the Office of U.S.
Foreign Disaster Assistance in AID. Chris received his B .A, degree from Wesleyan University, and was
awarded an Honorary Master of Arts degree from the same University.
Edward J. Hanley
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Management & Administration
Ed Hanley is currently serving as the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Management and Adminis-
tration. He became Deputy Assistant Administrator for Administration and Resources Management
in 1989, after serving as Director. Office of Information and Resources Management from 1984-89.
Ed graduated from Colgate University and began his Federal career at the Post Office Department as a
Management Intern, and later worked as Special Assistant to Postmaster General Lawrence F. O'Brien.
Ed moved to the private sector in 1968 where he became Vice President of a public policy consulting
firm, and later, owner/operator of a rural hardware store. Ed returned to Federal service in 1979 as
EPA's Deputy Assistant Administrator for Administration.
Sallyanne Harper
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Finance & Acquisition
Sallyanne Harper came to EPA In June 1987. after working for seven years in the procurement offices
of the U.S. Naval Air Systems Command. Sheserved for 2 years as the Associate Director for Superfund
and RCRA Procurement Operations in the Procurement and Contracts Management Division, after
which she became the Director of the Financial Management Division. In July 1992. Sallyanne was
asked to fill the newly created position of Deputy Assistant Administrator for Finance and Acquisition
and Deputy Chief Financial Officer. Sallyanne graduated from LaSalle University with a Bachelor's
degree in Psychology t and received her M.B.A In Finance and Investments from George Washington
University.
Frederick C. Carman
Acting Director Program and Policy Coordination Office
Rick Carman is Acting Director of the newly created Program and Policy Coordination Office. Since
1989. Rick has been the Director of OARM's Program Operations Support Staff. Prior to that position
he was Special Assistant to the Assistant Administrator for Research and Development. Rick was also
Chief of Budget Planning to tbe Office of the Comptroller. He begaxi his Federal career at t.b.e Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Rick earned his Bachelor's degree from George Mason University.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-3
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) has primary responsibility agencywide
for policy and procedures governing administrative management and resource Issues.
Q Designs and oversees the budget management process.
Q Develops fiscal policy and procedures and directs Agency financial systems.
Q Develops and conducts personnel policies, procedures, and operations.
Q Conducts management studies and cost-effectiveness reviews.
Q Procures and manages Agency facilities and real estate operations.
Q Sets policy and executes contracts.
Q Develops policy and executes Agency grants and cooperative agreements.
Q Develops and conducts Agency environmental health and safety programs.
Q Develops information resource plans, budgets, systems and service.
Q Provides for telecommunications and information security.
O Administers the EPA History program.
Q Manages Agency statutory delegations of authority.
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY
The Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) operates under the Executive Order
which created the Agency in 1970. OARM functions in direct support to Agency offices which manage
environmental statutes. Each of OARM's offices operate under a host of laws, regulations, and policies
which govern administrative management across the Federal government. Major statutory authorities
include:
Chief Financial Officer's Act (CFO)
The purpose of this Act Is to bring more effective general and financial management practices to the
Federal government and to provide for improvement of systems of accounting, financial management
and internal controls; to-assure the issuance of reliable financial Information; to deter fraud, waste.
and abuse of government resources; and to provide for complete, reliable, timely and consistent
financial information for use by the Executive Branch and the Congress in the financial management
and evaluation of Federal programs.
Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)
This Act amends the Accounting and Auditing Act to require ongoing evaluations and reports on the
adequacy of the systems of internal accounting and administrative control of each Executive Branch
agency.
Omnibus Territories Act
On October 26,1992 the President signed the General Assistance Program for Indian Tribes under the
Omnibus Territories Act. This law provides $ 15 million for two years for Federally recognized tribes
to develop multi-media environmental programs. The Appropriations Committee has not appropriated
funds for this program; however, the Grants Division Is expected to participate in the development of
the new program and development of regulations.
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Page 2-4 Office of Administration and Resources Management Office Profiles
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
FT 1993 ENACTED APPROPRIATIONS
The FY 1993 Appropriations Bill made drastic changes to the Agency's requested funding levels and
account structure. Congress made large reductions to both the Superfund and Abatement. Control
and Compliance appropriations, cutting significantly Into the base of the Agency's core environmental
programs. Additional mandated changes to EPA's account structure eliminated much of the flexibility
that the Agency had to absorb reductions. In the newly established Program and Research Operations
(PRO) appropriation (which funds only salaries and travel for the operating programs), the combination
of the account restructuring with a funding level that does not fully cover our workyear ceiling poses
serious management problems for some offices with high on-board staff levels.
CONTRACTING
EPA has become extremely dependent on contractors to perform a myriad of activities, including
Information system development, pesticide testing, and Superfund site cleanups. The use of
contractors has resulted from the need for access to a wide array of technical expertise, much of which
is needed for a limited time period, and from staffing constraints coupled with increasing responsibili-
ties. TheAgency is constantly being criticized for its contractor reliance and. in turn, for the inadequate
oversight of its contractors. Criticism comes from the EPA Inspector General, the General Accounting
Office and numerous Congressional committees. An ever-increasing volume of contracts without a
commensurate increase in contracting staff continues to make it difficult for EPA to properly manage
its contracts.
AGENCT MATERIAL WEAKNESSES
EPA has declared 8 new material weaknesses under the Federal Managers Financial Integrity Act in
its 1992 Assurance Letter to the President. These weaknesses are enforcement data integration,
accounts receivable, accounting systems-related financial management problems, contracts man-
agement, information resources planning and security, scientific data quality, drinking water primacy,
and Superfund cost recovery.
NEW HEADQUARTERS FACILITY
Given the worsening condition and inadequate space at Waterside Mall, EPA urgently needs to acquire
a consolidated headquarters for its Washington-based employees (approximately 8,100). now spread
out in nine locations. In the spring of 1990, GSA Identified EPA as the Federal Office Building (FOB)
tenant in the Federal Triangle Project, a complex at the intersection of 14th Street and Pennsylvania
Avenue. Subsequently, the principals Involved in the housing plan discussions (the White House Chief
of Staff, OMB. GSA, the Chairman of the Public Works and Transportation Committee) agreed to split
the Federal Office Building between EPA and DOT, with both agencies failing to meet critical overall
space needs and achieve long-standing consolidation goals. While EPA continues to work to ensure
that EPA space at the Federal Triangle reflects our mission and functional requirements, we are also
pressing key decision makers at OMB, GSA. and in Congress to consider restoring EPA as the sole FOB
tenant, orprovlde for the remainder of ourneeds elsewhere. New opportunities to influence the Federal
Triangle tenancy issue will be available to EPAln the next session of Congress. Preliminary prospectus
development for approximately 800,000 square feet is underway.
INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
EPA's information resources management (IRM) program has encountered severe criticism and deep
budget ,cuts in FY 1993 after nearly a decade of widespread praise for successful technology
procurements, deployment of a modern, highly distributed information processing network, and the
use of innovative technologies, such as Geographic Information Systems, to promote public access and
data sharing across media lines, with other agencies, levels of government, and the public. The
Inspector General. General Accounting Office, and Congress have criticized EPA for mismanaging IRM
service contracts, a lack of central planning, and insufficient attention to systems security. ^lore
recently, EPA's lack of central IRM budgeting and Congressional budget cuts have severely curtailed
all data integration programs. On the positive side. EPAj ust began operation of its first supercomputer
in Bay City. MI.
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Office Profiles Office of Administration and Resources Management Page 2-5
=
CABINET LEVEL LEGISLATION
Recent sessions of Congress have actively considered the idea of creating a Department of the
Environment, but legislation has so far failed to pass. In 1990. Senators John Glenn and William Roth
introduced S.2006, and Representatives John Conyers and Frank Horton introduced H.R3847.
S.2006 failed to reach the floor, although H.R3847 passed the House. Consequently, elevation was
not achieved in the 101st Congress. In the 102nd Congress S.533. introduced by Senator Glenn,
passed the Senate. In the House, Representative Sherwood Boehlert introduced H.R3121 to elevate
EPA, but no action was taken. During both the 101st and 102nd Congresses elevation of EPA to Cabinet
level status had bipartisan support. The Administration generally supported EPA's elevation, with the
specific condition that it be via a "clean" bill. Legislation has been unsuccessful because of
controversial issues such as: a requirement that all Federal facilities comply with hazardous waste
laws; the degree of independence of a new Bureau of Environmental Statistics, inclusion of "takings"
language, issues regarding enforcement and international authorities, and the number of non-career
SES employees permitted.
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
The Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act of 1990 places new financial management requirements.on the
Agency, including the preparation of annual audited financial statements, which must contain
program performance information for all revolving and trust funds. To meet CFO requirements, we
must make significant enhancements to our existing financial management system and operations.
Additional funds and staff resources have not been provided to address these needs. As a result, we
risk criticism and scrutiny from OMB, GAO and the Congress for failing to meet our CFO mandate.
Issues of immediate concern include: the completion of FY 1992 financial statements which are due
to OMB on March 31, 1993. under the signature of the Administrator; correcting chronic financial
management weaknesses in systems and accounting, portions of which we are declaring as material
weaknesses for FY 1993; and, finally, implementing the proposed Superfund cost recovery rule
Including updating our Indirect cost rates to maximize recovery of Federal costs of cleaning up
Superfund sites.
ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY
There is significant concern in some quarters as to whether EPA has demonstrated sufficient
institutional and financial commitment to ensuring equity for minority and low income communities.
A growing body of evidence suggests that these communities have not been treated fairly by
environmental policies and decisions of the past two decades. In response. EPA (1) established an
Environmental Equity "cluster" to coordinate EPA science, policy development, and compliance
activities to ensure effective consideration of equity concerns; and (2) established the Environmental
Equity Office In OARM to direct the Agency's outreach to affected communities. The Office's initial
emphasis Is on community-based economic/environmental development programs, an information
clearinghouse, and financial and technical support to support participation in these efforts by minority
academic institutions, communities, and state and local governments. (Also see Environmental Equity
issue on page 3-5.)
DIVERSITY
EPA is beginning to recognize the importance of a culturally diverse workforce. While EPA has made
progress in recruiting a culturally diverse workforce, it is important that these efforts continue in the
months and years ahead. Following the recommendations of the 1992 EPA Cultural Diversity Study,
the Agency's top leadership must develop a clear strategy and action plan to address the challenges
of diversity including measures of accountability for managers, supervisors, and employees.
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Page 2-6
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
Incnmm
Support dolhiB nd
Congreuionlly added
new bmldma
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992
1993
Workyears
2500
2000
1500 -
1000
500 -
1984
19K
1986
1991
1932
1993
Dollars have continued to increase to support the Agency's administrative and
management infrastructure needs.
The Agency's support accounts and Buildings and Facilities appropriation are a
significant portion of OARM expenditures.
Steady increases in workyears provide administrative support to a growing Agency,
particularly in information resources management and the expanding contracts and
grants program.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-7
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
$144
$451
$101
1884
IHQ O REGIONS
1993
Workyears
1.018
1.340
430
1984
1993
HQO REGIONS
Headquarters and regional dollars have nearly tripled since FY 1984.
However, dollar increases in Headquarters are due to Agency wide Support (such as
rent and utilities) and the growth in the Buildings and Facilities appropriation which
is managed through Headquarters.
Agency wide regional dollars and workyears have increased significantly reflecting a
larger regional role in management.
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Page 2-8
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request I
I President's
I Budget
Operating
Plan
Workyears
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request!
] President's
I Budget
Operating
Plan
ซIncreases over the past years reflect costs associated with Agency administration and
infrastructure as well as growth in the Agency's collection and sharing of
environmental data to support EPA program offices and participating states.
Rapid growth in Superfund administrative programs occurred until 1991 when
Congress stabilized Superfund appropriations.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-9
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1993 Pros Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
The OMB request includes large increases for construction of the new Headquarters
Building, die new Bay City supercomputer facility (Center for Ecology Research
and Training), and the new consolidated laboratory in Research Triangle Park
(RTF), North Carolina.
FY 1994 dollar increases support non-discretionary Agency support needs and
Agency initiatives in: rent paid to the General Services Administration (GSA),
environmental equity, and administrative and scientific data processing systems.
1 Workyear increases, in the FY 1994 request, support financial integrity and contract
management improvements, environmental envoys, and data management
programs.
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Page 2-10 Office of Administration and Resources Management Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OARM
1.Z23S PhD
3.1738
19.459?
25.199?
18.919?
32.078
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-11
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-------
Page 2-12
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY
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LEADERSHIP
Clarice Gaylord
Director
Clarice Gaylord was named Director of the Office
of Environmental Equity on June 1. 1992, after
being Deputy Director. Office of Human Resources
Management since February, 1989. Clarice had
been the Director of the Research Grants Staff in
the Office of Research and Development for 5
years. She began her Federal career as a Health
Science Administrator with the National Institutes
of Health and has held several administrative po-
sitions with the National Cancer Institutes and the
Division of Research Grants. Clarice has a BJV.
degree in Zoology from UCLA and M.S. and Ph.D.
degrees in Zoology from Howard University.
Robert J. Knoz
Deputy Director
Bob Knox was named Deputy Director of the Office of Environmental Equity in June, 1992 after being
the RCRA Ombudsman in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response since May. 1986. Bob
is a charter employee of EPA and has held a number of line management positions including
Manpower Development Officer. OSWER Director of Civil Rights, and Director. Office of Small and
Disadvantaged Business Utilization. He holds a B.S. degree in Environmental Engineering and a M.S.
degree in Management Development from the New Jersey Institute of Technology. He is a visiting
Associate Professor at Howard University.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Environmental Equity supports the EPA Administrator and the Assistant Administrator
for Administration and Resources Management on all Agency environmental equity activities.
Q Advises the Administrator and the program offices on environmental risk information devel-
oped outside the Agency on the impacts of environmental programs on racial minority and low
income populations.
Q Administers the Minority Academic Institutions (MAI) Program.
Q Enhances environmental equity outreach, training and education programs.
Q Provides minority and low-income communities with technical and financial assistance for
community/economic development activities to address environmental equity.
Q Serves as a centralized clearinghouse and dissemination point for equity information to EPA
staff and the public.
Q Develops environmental equity training for EPA managers and staff.
Q Provides interagency coordination of equity .programs.
Q Supports consultation among EPA and outside equity organizations.
2 Supports key research and environmental risk reduction projects.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-13
OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION
" "
New
Headquarters
Project
Safety, Health and
Environmental
Management Division
Management and
Organization Division
Facilities Management
and Services Division
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LEADERSHIP
John C. Chamberlin
Director
John Chamberlin has. been the Director of Ad-
ministration for eight years. For the past eighteen
years, he has worked in OARM line management
positions- Including four years as the Deputy
Comptroller. Other work experience Includes
positions InACTION, Office of Economic Opportu-
nity. IBM, and Stanford University. John served
with the Peace Corps in Peru and has been a
consultant to the World Bank in Ecuador and
Peru. He received a M.B A. from the University of
Pittsburgh.
William Finlster
Deputy Director
BUI Finister has been the Deputy Director of
Administration for over four years. Prior to this.
Bill was the Director of the Facilities Management
and Services Division. Previously, he served as
Special Assistant and Budget Officer to OARM's
Assistant Administrator. Bill's early government
work experience was at OMB as a senior manage-
ment analyst. He received his B.S. from Duquesne
University, and did graduate work at the Univer-
sity of San Francisco.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Administration (OA) provides a host of administrative and management services to all
parts of the Agency.
Q Manages Agency real estate, facilities, space, and personal and property security.
Q Directs the selection, design and construction of new Headquarters, regional and laboratory
facilities.
Q Provides management analysis and consultation services.
Q Manages organization and management systems, controls, and services.
Q Directs a comprehensive health and safety program for EPA employees and ensures that EPA
facilities comply with environmental regulations.
Administers the EPA history program.
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Page 2-14 Office of Administration and Resources Management Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Nelson Hallman. Manager
New Headquarters Project
Nelson Hallman Is the manager of the New Headquarters Project. Nelson has been with the Agency
since 1980. His previous assignments Include Deputy Director for Facilities Management and Services
Division and Chief of Space Planning and Maiiagement. Management experience prior to EPA Includes
over six years with the Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives and two years with the
Dictaphone Corporation. Nelson received his B_A. in Government and Politics at the University of
Maryland.
Julius C. Jlmeno. Director
Safety, Health and Environmental Services Division
Julius Jlmeno came to EPA in 1989 as the Director of Safety, Health, and Environmental Management.
Julius began his government career in 1973 at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
where he was a Safety and Health Specialist in the Office of Standards. Prior to joining EPA, he served
as the Director of Safety and Health at the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Julius received his M.A, in
Occupational Health and Safety at West Virginia University and was also a Senior Executive Fellow at
Harvard University.
Kathy Petruccelli, Director
Management and Organization Division
Afterjoining EPA in 1978, Kathy Petruccelli held a variety of personnel policy and operations positions,
including Assistant Director for Policy and Programs. She moved to the Management and Organization
Division in 1987 to become its Director. Prior to joining EPA, Kathy worked in personnel management
at the Department of Navy and the United Nations. Her B.A. was awarded from the University of
Maryland.
Richard L. Lemley, Director
Facilities Management and Services Division
Rich Lemley was named Director of the Facilities Management and Services Division in 1989. He began
his career at EPA in 1974 in the Financial Management Division and transferred to the Personnel
Management Division in 1975. He progressed In that organization and became Deputy Headquarters
Personnel Officer In 1986. Rich also served as Chief of the Facilities Operations Branch from February,
1987untilMay. 1988. In 1988 he became Director of the Headquarters Operations and Client Services
Division, before moving to his current position. Rich has a B.A, in Political Science from James Madison
University.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-15
OFFICE OF HUMAN
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Quality Advisory
Group
Office of Human Resources
Management
HQ Operations &
Client Services
Division
EPA Institute
Division
Executive Resources
& Special Programs
Division
Field Operations,
Evaluation & Support
Services Division
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Policy and
Research
Division
Employee Participation
& Communication
Division
LEADERSHIP
Kenneth F. Dawsey
Director
Ken Dawsey was named Director In August, 1988.
Previously, he held positions as the Deputy Direc-
tor of OHRM, the Deputy Director of Adminis-
tration, and the Director of the Office of Personnel
and Organization. Ken began his Federal career
as a Personnel Intern in the Navy Department, and
held several senior personnel and management
positions at Justice, Agency for International De-
velopment, and Transportation. Ken has a B.A. in
Industrial Relations from the University of Mary-
land and attended American University Law School.
Clarence Hardy
Deputy Director
Clarence Hardy was named Deputy Director of
OHRM in May, 1988 after being Director, Person-
nel Management Division since October, 1979.
Clarence has held various other leadership posi-
tions with the Federal Energy Regulatory Com-
mission, Department of Energy, National Bureau
of Standards, and the Energy Research and De-
velopment Administration. Clarence has a B.A in
Political Science and Economics from North
Carolina Central University and a Master's degree
in Public Administration from the Maxwell School,
Syracuse University.
Richard Bashar
Deputy Director
Rich Bashar has been the Deputy Director since October, 1992. Prior to this, he served as the Associate
Comptroller from 1988 to 1992. after acting in that position since February, 1987. He came to EPA In
1985 as the Chief of the Fiscal Policies and Procedures Branch in the Financial Management Division.
Prior to joining EPA, he worked for 15 years in various management and staff positions at Treasury's
Financial Management Service. Rich has a B.S. in Business Administration from West Virginia
University.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Human Resources Management (OHRM) is responsible for policies, procedures, program
development, and implementation of EPA's human resources program.
Q Establishes Agency policy to implement Federal personnel law and regulations in the areas of
recruitment; workforce planning, classification and pay, employee and labor relations, training
and development.
Q Provides full range of comprehensive personnel services to Agency managers and employees.
Q Assesses effectiveness of Agency human resources programs.
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Page 2-16
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Donald W. Sadler, Director
Executive Resources and Special Programs Division
Don Sadler was named Director In May, 1988. He began his career as a personnel management intern
with the Department of Navy in June, 1969. After joining EPA's Personnel Management Division in
1973. he progressed in that organization and became Assistant Director for Headquarters Personnel
Operations In October, 1977. He served as Chief, Management Analysis Branch in the Management
and Organization Division before joining OHRM as head of the Executive Resources Staff In May, 1987.
Don has a B.A. from the University of Connecticut and has done work in Public Administration at
George Washington University.
Michael A.
Director
Headquarters Operations and Client Services Division
Prior to becoming Director of the Headquarters Operations and Client Services Division, Mike Hamlin
was the Director of the Policy, Research and Development Division. He joined the Federal government
in 1979 as a Personnel Management Specialist with the Federal Trade Commission. He transferred to
EPA as Agency Training Officer in 1985 and was appointed Personnel Policy Branch Chief in 1987. Mike
has a B.S. from Towson State University and an M.A. in Management and Administration from
Catholic University.
Hector E. Suarez, Director
Policy and Research Division
Prior to becoming the Director of the Policy and Research Division, Hector Suarez directed the Human
Resources Division in Research Triangle Park. He became a U.S. citizen in 1 969 and has been with the
Federal government since 1974 when he worked in personnel management at EPA's Las Vegas
laboratory. Hector's prior government experience was with the Internal Revenue Service. His
educational background is in Behavioral Psychology.
Thome W. Chambers, Director
Employee Participation and Communications Division
Thome Chambers was appointed Director, Employee Participation and Communications Division in
May, 1988. He began his career as a Personnel Management Intern in 197 1 with the Navy Department.
He also served as Director of Labor and Employee Relations for the Naval Surface Weapons System.
and worked in the Department of Energy. He Joined EPA in April, 1980 and became Assistant Director
for Labor and Employee Relations in February, 1984. Thome earned a B.A. from the University of
Maryland and an M.B.A. from William and Mary College.
Renelle P. Rae, Director
EPA Institute Dlvisiou
Prior to becoming the Director of the EPA Institute, Renelle Rae was Chief of the Program Development
and Training Division in the Office of Enforcement. She began her career with EPA in 1976 as an
attorney in the National Enforcement Investigation Center. In 1978, she joined the Region VII
Enforcement Division in Kansas City. From 1 983 - 1 985 she worked as a program analyst for the Office
of Policy Planning and Evaluation and the Office of Enforcement. She became Chief of the Compliance
Evaluation Division In 1985 and Chief of the Program Development and Training Division in 1988.
Renelle has a B.A. from the University of .Northern Colorado and a J.D. from the University of Denver.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Administration and Resources Management Page 2-17
Kerry M. Weiss. Director
Quality Advisory Group
Prior to becoming the Director of the Quality Advisory Group, Kerry Weiss was the Director of the
Human Resources Development Division. He began his career at the Bureau of Census In 1974 as a
Survey Statistician. He joined EPA in March, 1978 as a Management Analyst In the Management and
Organization Division. He progressed to Chief of the Program Management Analysis Branch In that
organization and served briefly as Acting Director. He moved to OHRM In March. 1988. Kerry holds
a B.S. from North Dakota State University.
Amy Kearns, Acting Director
Field Operations, Evaluation and Support Services Division
Amy Kearns has been the Acting Director since September, 1992. Prior to this, she served as Deputy
Director. She came to EPA In 1972 with a personnel background from several other agencies, including
the Federal Aviation Administration and the General Services Administration. She has progressed
through several positions in OHRM, including the Chief, Headquarters Employment Center and Chief.
Systems Support Branch.
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Page 2-18
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT
Office of Information
Resources Management
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LEADERSHIP
Paul A. Wohlleben
Acting Director
Starting his Federal career in 1976. Paul Wohlleben
has held various positions at the Treasury Depart-
ment culminating in a job with the Office of the
Secretary before moving to the Office of the
Comptroller at EPA in 1986. Paul moved to OIRM
inApril, 1988 as the Deputy Director of the Admin-
istrative Systems Division and then became its
Director. He assumed the position of Acting Office
Director in December." 1992. Paul received a B.S.
from Virginia Technical Institute, a M.B.A. from
George Washington University, and attended the
George Mason Law School.
Deputy Director
Vacant
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Information Resources Management (OIRM) develops, operates, and oversees Agency
information systems and services.
Q Sets policy, guidance and standards to meet EPA's need for information technology and
resources.
Q Provides oversight and technical support to ensure compliance with Federal & EPA ERM policies
and regulations across the Agency's decentralized IRM community.
Q Provides library, records management and other information services to the Agency and public.
d Oversees EPA's data sharing programs with states, other agencies, the public, and foreign
nations.
a Provides project officer and administrative support for Agency-wide IRM services contracts.
Q Operates and maintains the Agency's critical administrative systems.
Q Manages EPA environmental data integration initiatives.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-19
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Richard A. Martin, Acting Director
Management Planning and Evaluation Staff
Rick Martin joined EPA in 1979 as a Presidential Management Intern. He has served In alr/nolse,
Superfund. and water programs as a program analyst and manager of two of the Agency's largest
Information systems. Rick came to the Program Systems Division in 1988 as a Branch Chief and then
Deputy Director two years later. He has been Acting Director of MPES since June, 1992. Rick holds
a BA. from Jacksonville University, an M.P.A. in Environmental Management from Florida Atlantic
University, and attended the University of Florida Law School. '
David M. Cline
Director, Scientific System Staff
Mickey Cline is Director of the Scientific Systems Staff. An environmental and electrical engineer by
training, he has over 20 years experience in the design and support of mathematical models that
describe environmental processes. Mickey directs Agencywlde IRM support of research programs in
high performance computing, mathematical modeling, environmental data base management, and
data standards. He was responsible for the procurement of computer hardware, software, and services
totalling over $500 million for EPA's scientific community.
Stephen Schilling, Director
Program Systems Division
Steve Schilling has 24 years service in the Federal government working in systems analysis and other
IRM management positions. Steve has been a Division Director at Health & Human Services. Deputy
Director and Branch Chief in EPA, systems analyst and team leader at GSA. OMB. & DOE, a
Management Intern at Department of Commerce, and served 4 years as a line officer in the U.S. Navy.
Steve holds a B.S. in Biology from the College of William & Mary, an M.S. in ADP Management, George
Washington University, and is currently working on a M.S. in Biology at George Mason University.
Daiva A. Balkus, Director
Information Management and Services Division
Daiva Balkus has been Director of IMSD for three years. Prior to that, she served as Director of the
Program Operations Support Staff and Senior Budget Officer for OARM for over four years. She has
worked in for the Office of Administration and spent four years in the Comptroller's Office as an analyst
and Branch Chief. Daiva joined the Agency In 1979. She holds a BA. from Bennington College In
Vermont.
Sandra W. Martin, Director
Administrative Systems Division
Sandy Martin came to EPA from the Department of Treasury. She began her tenure in the Financial
Management Division where she became Chief of the Financial Systems Branch. In 1989, shewas asked
to serve as Deputy Director of the Administrative Systems Division. In 1990, she was appointed as
Acting Director, and was made permanent Director in 1992.
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Page 2-20
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER
LEADERSHIP
Office of the
Comptroller
Budget Division
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Financial Management
Division
Resources Manage-
ment Division
Alvin M. Pesachowitz
Acting Comptroller
Al Pesachowitz began his career In public service
in 1968 as a Chemical Engineer with the Depart-
ment of Defense. He Joined EPA in 1971 to work
on the implementation of the 1970 Clean Air Act.
In mid-1973, he joined the Agency's efforts to
develop and implement a management-by-objec-
tive accountability system. He served as Branch
Chief, Associate Director, and Director of the
Budget Division. He was promoted to Deputy
Director of the Office of Information Resources
Management in January, 1989 and was appointed
Director in October, 1989. He assumed the posi-
tion of Acting Comptroller in December. 1992. Al
graduated from Rutgers University with a B A. in
Liberal Arts and a B.S. in Chemical Engineering.
In 1972, he received his Master's degree in Man-
agement from George Washington University.
David J. O'Connor
Associate Comptroller
Dave O'Connor was recently appointed Associate Comptroller. He has been with EPAfor about 15 years
holding positions of increasing responsibility in procurement and contracting. He is well known for
his work as Director of the Procurement and Contracts Management-Division, a position he held for
six years. Dave received his early training in procurement from the Air Force, and holds a B.A. in
Economics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of the Comptroller (OC) is responsible for Agencywide resources, budgetary, and financial
management functions.
Q Develops and administers EPA's resource and finance systems, including accounting systems.
fiscal controls and systems for payroll and disbursements.
Q Formulates, prepares and executes EPA's budget.
Q Calculates allotments and allocations.
Q Establishes policies and programs for implementing key OMB circulars and GAO requirements.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-21
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Richard Brozen, Director
Budget Division
Richard Brozen has been the Director of the Budget Division for 3 years. He-arrived In July, 1988 when
he accepted the Associate Director's position. Richard came to EPA via the National Archives, where
he was Chief Financial Officer for the National Archives Trust Fund Board. He received his Master's
in Public Administration from the University of Denver.
Jack Shipley, Acting Director
Financial Management Division
Jack Shipley graduated from Central Missouri State University with a major in Accounting and received
a Master's degree in Business Administration from the University of Northern Colorado. Jack has held
several positions In EPA's resource community including Acting Deputy Director of the Budget Division
and Deputy Director of the Financial Management Division. He came to EPA in 1983 from the
Department of Energy where he spent four years in financial management; prior to that, he spent five
years in financial management in the Department of Army. Jack has been heavily involved In the
implementation of the Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act of 1990 and currently co-chairs the CFO
Implementation Task Force with the Assistant Inspector General for Audit.
John J. Sandy. Director
Resources Management Division
John Sandy has been the Director since February, 1987, after serving in management positions In the
Financial Management Division. Before coming to EPA, John was the Chief Accountant of the Federal
Communications Commission and held several management positions during his 17 years at the Civil
Aeronautics Board. Prior to joining the Federal government, John worked as a special assistant to the
President of an insurance brokerage firm. John has a B.S. in Business from the University of
Richmond.
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Page 2-22
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF ACQUISITION
MANAGEMENT
Office of Acquisition
Management
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Policy, Training & Oversight
Division
Cost Advisory/Financial
Analysis Division
HQ Procurement
Operations Division
Contracts Management
Division, RTP
Contracts Management
Division, Cincinnati
LEADERSHIP
Michael E. Bower
Acting Director
Mike Bower has been Acting Director since Octo-
ber, 1992, on temporary assignment from his
position as Director of the Contracts Manage-
ment Division at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. PriortocomlngtoEPAheheldleadership
positions with the U.S. Army Depot System
Command and the Sacramento Army Depot, and
served as the Director of the Defense Department's
Basic Acquisition Course and Small Purchases
Course at Ft. Lee, Virginia. Mike began his
Federal career as a procurement intern in St.
Louis, Missouri. He graduated from Elon College
in North Carolina, and attended graduate school
at Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Deputy Director
Vacant
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Acquisition Management develops, conducts, and coordinates the Agency contracts
management program.
Q Develops and Implements Agencywide procurement policies and regulations.
D Develops, coordinates, and conducts EPA's contracts management program.
Q Conducts contract planning, placement, management, modification, termination, and settlement.
Q Represents the Agency on all contract issues with Congress, the Office of Management and
Budget, the General Accounting Office, other Federal agencies, and industry.
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Office Profiles Office of Administration and Resources Management Page 2-23
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Diane Balderson, Director
SF/RCRA Procurement Operations Division
Diane Balderson has served as the Division Director since November. 1992." She came to EPA from the
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. Previously she held positions in the contracting field in
the Defense Fuel Supply Center and the Naval Air Systems Command, and also spent several years in
private Industry. Diane began her Federal career in 1977 as a procurement agent under a fellowship
program at the Defense Fuel Supply Center. She holds a B.A. degree in Psychology from the University
of Virginia and a M.S. degree in Contracting from Florida Institute of Technology.
John C. Gherardini m. Director
HQ Procurement Operations Division
Chuck Gherardini became Division Director under the reorganization in November, 1992. He came
to EPA as the Associate Director for ADP Procurement and Contract Support in December, 1991.
Previously he served in a variety of positions with the Department of Defense in the contracting field.
Chuck holds a B.S. in Political Science and an MA. in International Relations from Western Illinois
University.
Belle N. Davis, Director
Policy. Training & Oversight Division
Belle Davis was named Director upon the Division's creation in November. 1992. after four years as
the Director of its predecessor organization, the Policy and Management Support Staff. Since joining
EPAin 1974, she has held a number of staff and management positions in OARM. including in grants
debarment. in the immediate office of the Assistant Administrator, and on an intergovernmental
assignment to Montgomery County, MD. OMB. Belle began her Federal career in 1968 as a
Management Intern at HUD. She holds a B.A. in Government from Tufts University.
Donald L. Hambric. Director
Cost Advisory/Financial Analysis Division
Don Hambric became Director in November, 1992. Don is a charter member of EPA. Previously, he
was Chief, Cost Review and Policy Branch in the Procurement and Contracts Management Division.
He also served as Chief. Policy and Quality Assurance Branch and Acting Associate Director for ADP
Procurement and Contract Support. Don is a Certified Public Accountant and has a B.C.S. and M.C.S.
in Business Administration from Benjamin Franklin University.
Donald L. Sutton. Acting Director
Contracts Management Division, RTP
Don Sutton is currently serving as the Acting Division Director. He came to EPA as the Deputy Director
in October. 1991. Previously, he held leadership positions with the U.S. Marine Corps in the
contracting field. Don began his civilian career in 1978 as an Army Intern in contracting. He holds
a B.A. In History from Georgia Southwestern College and an M.S. in Contracting and Acquisition from
Florida Institute of Technology.
Mark J. Kellerman. Director
Contracts Management Division, Cincinnati
Mark Kellermanjoined EPA as Director of the Contracts Management Division in Cincinnati in 1991.
Previously he held various leadership positions in the procurement field with the Air Force and at
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Mark began his career as a Management Intern with the Air Force.
He holds a B.S./B.A. degree in Management and an M.BA. degree, both from Xavier University.
-------
Page 2-24
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF GRANTS AND DEBARMENT
Office of Grants and
Determent
Grants Administration
Division
Debarment &
Suspension Division
LEADERSHIP
Harvey G. Pippen Jr.
Director
Harvey Pippen has been with EPA since 1971.
Prior to his current position, he was the Director
of the Grants Administration Division for 12 years.
after having served as a Branch Chief and then as
the Deputy Division Director in the Grants Divi-
sion. Before his tenure at EPA, Harvey was a
senior Staff Associate, President's Council on Ex-
ecutive Organization. Harvey holds a Law degree
from the University of Texas.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Grants and Debarment's primary responsibilities are twofold: to develop and oversee
policy for all EPA assistance programs, and to monitor and protect Federal assistance from misuse,
fraud and abuse.
Q Develops policy, guidance and regulation; reviews proposed legislation: and provides oversight
and technical advice for EPA grants, cooperative agreements, fellowships, loans and interagency
agreements.
Q Conducts investigations, holds hearings, oversees compliance with settlements, and rules on
the eligibility for receipt of EPA assistance and/or contract by companies whose integrity has
been questioned; and
Q Awards and manages grants, cooperative agreements, loans, and interagency agreements.
DSVESION DIRECTORS
Gary M. Katz, Director
Grants Administration Division
Gary Katz has been with EPA since its Inception, with the exception of five years at OMB from 1978
to 1983. At EPA he has served in a number of senior management positions including Senior Advisor
to the Director of Procurement. Deputy Director of Regulatory Management and Evaluation, Director
of Finance, Deputy Director of Administration, and Director of Management and Organization. Gary
holds a Master's degree in Governmental Administration from the Wharton School, University of
Pennsylvania.
Robert Meunier, Director
Suspension and Debarment Division
Bob Meunier has been with EPA since 1977. Before his current position. Bob held positions in the
Grants Administration Division as the Chief of the Compliance Branch, Hearing Officer, and senior
compliance specialist. Bob holds a Law degree from George Mason University.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-25
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION
CINCINNATI, OHIO
Office of Management and
Administration
Cincinnati, Ohio
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-------
Page 2-26
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Deborah Ward Beard, Director
Facilities Management and Services Division
Deborah Beard Joined the Agency as Director, Facilities Management and Services Division in 1988.
Previously, she served In a variety of administrative positions with state and local governments
Including Deputy Director of the State Health Department. Her EPA tenure has included a rotation
as Acting Director, Contracts Management Division. Deborah received a Bachelor's degree from Ohio
State University, a Master's degree in Public Administration from Central Michigan University, and has
graduate course work from the University of Cincinnati.
Robert R. Caster, Director
Information Resources Management Division
Bob Caster joined EPA in 1983. He Is a former Assistant Vice President for Information Services at the
University of Connecticut and was the Assistant Vice President for Business Affairs and Director of the
Southwestern regional computer center at the University of Cincinnati for twenty years. He served as
a committee member of the National Research Council and did consulting work for the White House
in 1978 and 1979. Bob has a B.S. in Commerce from the University of Cincinnati.
Sandra K. Bowman, Director
Human Resources Management Division
Sandy Bowmanjoined EPA as a Personnel Management Specialist in 1975 and progressed to Director
of the Division in 1988. Prior to Joining EPA, Sandy was employed by the Department of Navy as a
Position Classification Specialist. She graduated cum laude from Kent State University in 1969 with
majors in Psychology and Sociology.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-27
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND
ADMINISTRATION
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NC
Office of Management and
Administration
RTP, N.C.
National Data
Processing Division
Human Resources
Management Division
Facilities Management
and Services Division
* ,;>..
LEADERSHIP
Willis B. Greenstreet
Director
Willis Greenstreet has served as Director since
March 1984. He has held several management
positions in the Agency and also served as Director
of Administration for both the Merit Systems
Protection Board and the Office of the Federal
Inspector of the Alaska Natural Gas Transporta-
tion System. Willis has a B.S. in Speech from
Northeastern Missouri State.
William Laxton
Deputy Director
Bill rejoined OARM to serve as the Deputy Director
of its RTP office in 1992. He previously served in
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
as the Director of the Technical Support Division.
Bill also served as the Deputy Director of the Office
of Administration and Resources Management in
RTP. He has 13 years of experience in personnel
management with several Federal agencies, in-
cluding 5 years as the Director of Personnel at two
of those agencies. He holds a B_A. and an M.A. in
Philosophy from Catholic University of America.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Management and Administration in RTP provides services to all of the programs and
activities at RTP. and conducts certain financial and automated data processing services Agencywide.
Q Manages facility operations and maintenance, construction, personal property, safety and
security.
Q Manages Agencywide automated data processing and telecommunications services, including
all major service and technology acquisitions. This includes the Washington Information
Center. Bay City Supercomputer Center, and the Cincinnati Disaster Recovery Center.
Q Provides personnel and human resources support.
Q Provides a full range of financial management support to RTP local programs and Agencywide
payment of contract invoices through the Contract Payment System. (This function will
transfer to the HQ Finance Management Division in 6 months).
Q Provides program management and direction to the Center for Environmental Research and
Training in Bay City.
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Page 2-28
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Donald W. Fulford, Director
National Data Processing Division
Don Fulford has directed this Division since 1983. Prior to this appointment, he managed various
computer functions for the Agency with an emphasis on hardware operation and operating systems
support. He served in Headquarters as Chief of the Planning, Analysis and Research Branch and as
Acting Chief of the Computer Systems Development and Evaluation Branch. Don has a M.S. in Math
from East Carolina University.
Randy M. Brady, Director
Human Resources Management Division
Randy Brady has directed this division since January, 1989. He began his government career in 1977
as an Administrative Intern. He has served as a Personnel/Human Resources Officer with the Soil
Conservation Service (USDA); Department of Energy; and Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Randy has a B.S. in Political Science from Utah State University.
Charles Foster, Director
Facilities Management and Services Division
Chuck Foster has directed the Facilities Management and Services Division since 1984. He began his
government career as an Army medic, and has worked In procurement for the Department of Defense
as well as EPA, He served as Chief of the Procurement Branch before becoming Director of the Facilities
Management and Services Division.
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-29
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-2 Appointment of Designated Agency Procurement Executive
1-3 Occupational Health and Safety
1- 4A Personal Property and Government-owned Vehicles
1 - 4B Real Property and Space
1-5 Acquisition of Photocopying Equipment
1 - 6 Security
1 - 6C Information Security
1-7 Personnel Actions
1-8 Schedule C, Grades GS-16 and Above, Administratively Determined, and SES Personnel
Actions
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1 - 10 ADP
1-11 Interagency Agreements
1-12 Certification of Grantee Procurement Systems
1-13 Appointment of Designated Agency Debarring and Suspending Official
1-14 Assistance Agreements
1-15 Cash Awards
1-16 Agency Chief Financial Officer/Accounting, Budgeting, and Other Financial Management
Activities
1-17A Domestic Travel Authorization
1- 17B International Travel Authorization
1 - 18 Agency Seal'
1-19 Directives
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
-------
Page 2-30 Office of Administration and. Resources Management Office Profiles
^^^^M
1-21 Federal Register
1 - 23 Administration of Oaths
1-30 Freedom of Information
1-44 Changes In Organizational Structure
1-45 Intergovernmental Review Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 40 CFR Part 29
1-46 Records Management
1-48 Request for Information from Other Agencies
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-50 Grievance Deciding Official
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-52 Waiver of Physicians'Comparability Allowance Payments
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
1-58 Advisory and Assistance Services
1-59 One-Time Grant to Build Environmental Laboratory Addition Funded Under the B&F
Account
1-61 State/EPA Data Management Grants and Cooperative Agreements
1-65 Depository Accounts for the Paid Informant Program and Citizen Award Authority
1 - 69 Classification of Attorney Positions Within the Offices of General Counsel
1-73 One-Time Grant for the Planning and Design of the Christopher Columbus Center for
Marine Research and Exploration Funded Under the B&F Account
1-76 Assistance Agreements for Public-Private Partnerships
1-77 One-Time Grant for a Center for Neural Science to be Constructed and Owned by New York
University Funded Under the B&F Account
1-79 Funding for the National Environmental Education and Training Foundation
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Office Profiles
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Page 2-31
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1970
Office of Planning and Management
Audit
1977
1979
tin Ctaff rปffl/ปo
Administration
Management &
Agency Services
1981
Assistant Administrator
for Administration
Personnel and
Organization
Fiscal & Contracts
Management
Mgt Info &
Support Services
Administration
Cincinnati. OH
Administration
RTP, N.C.
1983
Assistant Administrator
for Administrations
Resources Management
Administration
Information
Resources
Human
Resources
Management
added in
1984
Comptroller
Resources
Management
Administration
Cinn. Ohio
Administration
RTP, N.C.
Planning &
Evaluation
Associate Administrator
for Policy and
Resource Management
Comptroller
Mgt Systems
& Evaluations
Legislation
Policy Analysis
Standards &
Regulations
to Staff Office
Assistant Administrator
for Policy, Planning
and Evaluation
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Page 2-32
Office of Administration and Resources Management
Office Profiles
Assistant Administrator for
Administration and
Resources Management
Administration
Information
Resources
Human Resources
Management
Comptroller
Administration
Cincinnati, OH
Administration
RTF, NC
~1
Assistant Administrator tor Administration and
Resources Management and Chief Financial
Offcer
Deputy Assistant
Administrator for
Management &
Administration
Office of
Administration
Information
Resources
Management
Human Resources
Management
Office of the
Comptroller
Deputy Assistant
Administrator for
Finance & Acquisition
-DCFO
Office of Acquisition
Management
Office of Grants and
Debarment
Office of Management
and Administration
Cincinnati, OH
Office of Manage-
ment and
Administration
RTF, NC
*
9
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Contracts Payments Functions
Headquarters Contracts Functions
-------
Office Profiles Office of Administration and Resources Management Page 2-33
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities Into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator. William Ruckelshaus,
published an organizational order providing for the five principal categorical programs -air, water, solid
wastes, radiation and pesticides to be retained individually under the management of commissioners.
The order also designated three Assistant Administrators for Planning and Management Standards
and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and Monitoring.
The Office of Planning and Management is the organizational root of today's Office of Administration
and Resources Management. With inherited staff from the Dept. of Health and Human Services'
Environmental Health Service and the Environmental Control Administration, the Office of Planning
and Management undertook the development and management of the Agency's goals In policy,
resources and administration. This initial management function contained four offices: Administra-
tion, Audit, Resources Management, and Planning and Evaluation.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The organizational evolution of the Office of Administration and Resources Management and the Office
of Policy, Planning and Evaluation are inseparable. In EPA's eighteen year history, these two functions
were combined from 1970 to 1981, split from 1981 to 1983, and transferred functions during a
reorganization in 1983. The evolution reflects the management preference of the Administrator at the
time. A brief overview of this history follows.
hi 1971, a permanent organizational structure for EPA was announced. The five principal categorical
programs were realigned under two Assistant Administrators and the Assistant Administrators for the
three functional areas were retained. At this time, the Office of Planning and Management was officially
established at the Assistant Administrator level. Specifically, the Office developed the Agency's first
planning and evaluation, budget, personnel and information systems. It managed archives, grant and
contracting policy, and administrative support services.
The Planning and Management function stayed virtually intact for ten years with organizational
changes limited to a minor name change for the Office of Administration to Office of Management and
Agency Services in 1977 and the transferring of audit responsibilities to the Administrator's Office in
1979.
hi 1981, EPA underwent an extensive reorganization which affected the functional areas of Planning
and Management as well as Enforcement and Compliance. This reorganization significantly altered
the structure of the Agency's administrative management functions. The Office of Planning and
Management was split into two primary AAshlps. The new Office of Administration was composed of
five offices: Administration, Fiscal and Contracts, Management Information and Support, and
Administrative units in RTP and Cincinnati. The new Office of Policy and Resources Management also
consisted of five offices: Comptroller, Policy Analysis, Management Systems and Evaluations,
Standards and Regulations, and Legislation.
Two years later, in 1983. another reorganization took place. The AAship of Administration inherited
the Comptroller function from the AAship of Policy, Planning and Resources Management. The
resultant AAship provided a focal point for integrated financial management. The AAship of Policy
Planning and Evaluation was streamlined and refocused with the loss of both its Comptroller and
Legislative functions, and was retitled the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
-------
Page 2-34 Office of Administration and Resources Management Office Profiles
In 1983 the AAshlp again reorganized. The reorganization contained five components: Office of
Administration, Office of Information Resources, Office of the Comptroller, Office of Administration
and Resources Management In Cincinnati, and Office of Administration and Resources Management
in Research Triangle Park.
In 1984, based on a National Academy of Public Administration recommendation, a sixth office was
added: the Office of Human Resources Management
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The 1992 reorganization created today's Office of Administration and Resources Management.
Organizational components were affected In the following ways:
Q Management of OARM was divided between two DAAs: the Deputy Assistant Administrator for
Management and Administration and the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Finance and
Acquisition. The AA/OARM remained EPA's Chief Financial Officer and the DAA/OFA was
designated the Deputy Chief Financial Officer.
Q The Procurement and Contracts Management Division was elevated to the Office level and
named the Office of Acquisition Management.
Q The ContractsMariagenientDivisionsinResearchTrlangleParkandCinclnnatiwererealigned
as organizational units in the Office of Acquisition Management.
Q An Office of Grants and Debannent was created. Grants suspension and debarment functions
are now managed-through separate divisions.
Q The National Contracts Payment Division in RTF was realigned as part of the HQ Financial
Management Division and named the Research Triangle Park Financial Management Center.
Q The GAO Liaison and audit follow-up functions were transferred from the Office of Policy,
Planning, and Evaluation to the Office of the Comptroller/Resources Management Division to
consolidate the Agency's audit follow-up functions.
Q OARM's Program Operations Support Staffs role was expanded to provide broader staff
support to the Assistant Administrator/OARM and OARM as a whole, and was named the
Program and Policy Coordination Office.
Q The existence of the Quality Advisory Group as part of OHRM's immediate office was formally
documented.
Q The Federal Recycling Coordinator was formally established in the immediate office of the AA/
OARM, the Agency Recycling Coordinator was established !n the immediate office of the
Facilities Management and Services Division and the collection of recyclables was transferred
to the Facilities Operations Branch.
-------
ENFORCEMENT
-------
Section 3
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT
Office of Compliance
Analysis and Program
Operations
Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement
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-------
Page 3-2
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
Herbert H. Tate, Jr.
Assistant Administrator
Herb Tate has served asAssistant AdmHHstrator since September, 1991. Before joining EPA, he worked
six years as County Prosecutor for Essex County. New Jersey. Prior to that, he spent three years
working in private practice, and four years as an Assistant Prosecutor in the Office of the Essex County
Prosecutor. Herb has also worked as an investigator and field representative for the Child Abuse
Program of the New Jersey Office of the Public Defender/Public Advocate, and as an Adjunct Professor
of Criminal Law at Bloomfield College. Herb is a graduate of Rutgers University School of Law, and a
cum laude graduate of Wesleyan University.
Scott Pulton
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Scott Fulton has served as the Deputy Assistant Administrator since November, 1991. Prior to this.
he served as the Director for the Office of Civil Enforcement. Before coming to EPA, Scott held the
following positions within the Environmental Enforcement Section of the Department of Justice:
Assistant Chief: Senior Attorney; and Trial Attorney. Scott also served as Special Assistant United
States Attorney at the D.C. United States Attorneys' Office. He has a BA. degree in Business
Administration from the University of Massachusetts and a J.D. degree from the University of South
Carolina.
Thomas (Tad) McCall
Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Federal Facilities
Tad McCall has served as the Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator for Federal Facilities since
November, 1991. Prior to this, he was a Special Assistant for environmental issues to the Assistant
Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs, and served as a Legislative Attorney in the Navy Office of
Legislative Affairs. From 1981to 1984, Tad was an Assistant Legal Advisor to the Deputy Chief ofNaval
Operations for Plans, Policy, and Operations. He received a B.S. from the University of 0
from the University of San Diego, and a L.L.M from the University of Washington.
Gerald A. Bryan, Director
Office of Compliance Analysis and Program Operations
Gerry Bryan has served as Director since the organization was established in 1984. He joined EPA in
1971 from what was then the United States Civil Service Commission. He served in several positions
within the Office of Enforcement prior to his present assignment. Gerry has a Bachelor's degree in
Business Administration from Drexel University and a Master's degree in Public Administration from
George Washington University.
: Oregon, a J.D.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Enforcement provides a focal point for comprehensive oversight of EPA's total enforcement
and compliance effort including:
3 Develops policies and procedures for EPA and state enforcement operations.
Q Represents the Agency in explaining EPA compliance and enforcement activities to the
Congress, Department of Justice, and other Executive agencies and the public.
Q Manages the agency's docket to ensure that the regions and the Department of Justice actively
develop and resolve enforcement cases.
Q Selects on a national basis those cases which would be most advantageous to the Agency as
legal precedents.
Q Develops and Implements legal, investigative, and technical training programs for Federal.
state, .and local personnel involved in the environmental enforcement effort.
u Reviews and comments upon proposed regulations, policies, and procedures for enforcement
significance.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-3
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
The Office of Enforcement is responsible for compliance monitoring and enforcement activity relating
to all environmental statutes, including appropriate implementing regulations, administered by the
Agency. Enforcement activity can include administrative, civil, or criminal action.
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
MULTI-MEDIA ENFORCEMENT
The Agency has been criticized in the past for the perceived lack of a coordinated, cross-media
enforcement program. Various efforts to improve focus of the Agency's enforcement program are
underway. The Agency must determine the priority to give multi-media enforcement given the
perceived costs (e.g., more resource-intensive case development which may lead to fewer enforcement
actions overall) and benefits (superior environmental results, greater deterrent impact, and avoidance
of pollution transfers from one medium to another). Other issues which should be addressed include
defining the role of national enforcement initiatives and regional geographic initiatives in the Agency's
mix of enforcement activities, improving the Agency's targeting capabilities, and determining how
aggressive the Agency should be in encouraging states to develop their own multi-media enforcement
capability.
INTEGRATED DATA FOR ENFORCEMENT ANALYSIS (IDEA) CAPABILITY
In response to the need to integrate the various program-specific compliance data systems, docket, and
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) to support multi-media enforcement screening and targeting, the Office
of Enforcement has developed an interactive, integrated data system IDEA (Integrated Data for
Enforcement Analysis). Major issues relate to the General Accounting Office's (GAO's) determination
that IDEA represents an area of material weakness for the Agency. Further work needs to be done in
the following areas: documentation and testing of IDEA; additional training of regional office staff in
the use of IDEA; and making better use of the IDEA capability to target violators for enforcement action.
FEDERAL FACILITIES ENFORCEMENT
With the passage of the Federal Facility Compliance Act of 1992, Federal facilities are now fully subj ect
to EPA and state fines and penalties for violations of hazardous waste laws and regulations.
Determining and securing additional staff and financial resources to meet these challenges and
developing implementation policies and guidance will be major issues for the Federal facilities
enforcement program this year, particularly when coupled with EPA's Federal facilities oversight
authorities, responsibilities under CERCLA, and military base closure requirements.
ASSESSING ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
A major issue facing the Agency's enforcement program is how best to assess and report accomplish-
ments. Historically, the Agency has described its enforcement product in terms of numbers of
enforcement actions taken. This approach has been criticized as failing to capture the complete picture
of what the Agency is achieving and directing the enforcement program toward lesser rather than the
more difficult, resource-intensive actions. To address this concern, OE has been exploring ways to
supplement the traditional numbers with environmental measures such as reductions of pollution
loadings or emissions, the investment value or cost of supplemental environmental projects for
pollution prevention or other relief, and the investment value or cost of injunctive relief (i.e.. those
efforts necessary to return a violator to compliance and to remediate any pollution consequences of the
violation).
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Page 3-4 Office of Enforcement Office Profiles
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
Enforcement activities have been an Integral part of the Agency's international initiatives, with
particular emphasis on Eastern Europe and Mexico. The Agency must consider the priority of
international enforcement efforts in the overall agenda, especially how to promote enforcement efforts
in other nations so that the global environment might be better protected and U.S. goods, which bear
the costs of proper environmental controls, are not disadvantaged in competition for foreign markets.
This concern is reflected in the development of a three day course, "Principles of Environmental
Enforcement," delivered in Eastern Europe; in leading the U.S. effort to place effective enforcement
systems and enforcement training on the action agenda ("Agenda 21") at the U.N. Conference in Rio;
by participating in the U.S.-Mexico Cooperative Enforcement Work Group, which initiated the first bi-
national cluster of enforcement actions (in the border area) and provided for the training of 200 new
Mexican environmental inspectors; and by sponsoring two international conferences on environmental
enforcement in the last four years. Planned future actions Include a third international enforcement
conference in Mexico City in 1994, the presentation of three additional Mexican inspector training
sessions, broader use of the "Principles" curriculum, and further enforcement cooperation with Mexico
and Canada.
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT TRAINING INSTITUTE (NETI)
An innovative educational institute has been established to provide multi-media, interdisciplinary
training to environmental enforcement personnel at the Federal, state, and local levels, as stipulated
in the Pollution Prosecution Act of 1990. Major issues which must be addressed include determining
the Institute's direction and program priorities, and securing adequate resources to establish the NETI
Eastern facility. Further progress will depend upon the commitment of expert trainers by the Agency,
the Department of Justice, and other sources, and upon securing adequate resources.
ENFORCEMENT IN THE 199O'S PROJECT AND THE 4-YEAR STRATEGIC PLAN
Planning and implementing the Agency's enforcement efforts for the decade is a priority for the Agency.
Major issues now facing the enforcement program are whether to continue to implement the directions
outlined in the current 4-Year Strategic Plan for enforcement, and the recommendations contained in
the "Enforcement In the 1990's" report, which contained 400 pages of specific, innovative actions. The
1990's Project involved workgroups in six topical areas -- management/communications, state/
Federal relations, regulatory development. Innovative enforcement tools, compliance incentives/
leveraging, and local government roles.
ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP PROGRAM
The environmental leadership program is a voluntary program being developed by the Agency to
recognize and encourage exemplary environmental management practices by members of the
regulated community. The major issues relating to this program include: ensuring that program
applicants have outstanding compliance records; ensuring that enforcement options are preserved;
and dealing with Issues regarding disclosure of compliance audit information generated by partici-
pants.
PENALTY PRACTICES
The General Accounting Office and EPA's Office of Inspector General continue to voice concerns
regarding supporting documentation for the Agency's administrative penalty assessments. Under the
Agency's decentralized enforcement structure, oversight of administrative practice is the responsibility
of the Headquarters program offices. Improving Headquarters oversight of regional practice in this area
will be a maj or issue in 1993. A related issue is th e rtgcr of penalty practice by states with EPA-delegated
programs. The State/Federal Steering Committee on the state/Federal enforcement relationship is
examining opportunities for improvements in this area.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-5
ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY
The environmental equity cluster group is a cross-program effort to deal with environmental impacts
affecting racial minority and low-income communities. Major enforcement issues .relating to
environmental equity include: analyzing a claim by the National Law Journal that EPA's penalty
practice reflects a less aggressive enforcement stance with respect to facilities in minority communities;
deciding how to ensure that the enforcement program guarantees equal protection to all people: and
designing an enforcement initiative focused on facilities affecting high risk urban populations and
other disadvantaged populations. (Also see Environmental Equity issue on page 2-5.)
ORGANIZATION OF AGENCY-WIDE ENFORCEMENT FUNCTIONS
During the history of EPA, the Agency has organized its enforcement program in both a centralized
organizational configuration (1970's) and a decentralized fashion (1980's). A major issue for the
Agency is the optimal configuration for its enforcement operation. Two years ago. Assistant
Administrator Strode advocated the recentralization of the enforcement program; however, the Agency
decided that the disruption which would have resulted from such a realignment outweighed the
anticipated benefits. The General Accounting Office conducted a study on this issue in FY 1992, but
did not make a recommendation as to whether the Agency should continue with its current
decentralized organizational approach or develop a centralized enforcement program.
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Page 3-6
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984 1885
1987 1S88 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
2000
1500 -
1000 -
500 -
1984
Workyears
1986
1986
1987
1988
1990
1991
1992
1933
Resources have increased substantially, reflecting the Agency's emphasis on media
specific and multi-media enforcement activities.
The increase in resources also reflects the high cost of litigating environmental
regulations and statutes.
* The increase in workyears reflects the legal enforcement support to address statutory
requirements from the Clean Air Act, Pollution Prevention Act. Military Base
Closures Act, and Federal facilities clean-up.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-7
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)
SIS
1984
Dollars in Millions
1993
IHO. D REGIONS
Workyears
1984
1993
IHQD REGIONS
Headquarters resources also include the National Enforcement Investigations Center
in Denver which supports the criminal enforcement program and Superfund.
Workyears' have increased in the regions reflecting increased delegation of
enforcement authority.
-------
Page 3-8
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
1991
INPM
Request
OMB
Request!
! President's
3 Budget
1992
1993
Operating
Plan
Workyears
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request I
j President's
(Budget
Operating
Plan
In recent years workyear requests have not been fully supported by OMB. Growth
in 1991 is due to the movement of Superfund Federal facilities activities from
OSWER to OE.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-9
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 Presidents Budget)
120
Dollars in Millions
1993PresBud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Increases are requested for hiring new criminal and civil investigators as mandated
by the Pollution Prosecution Act, legal support for the Oil Pollution Act, Federal
facilities and multi-media enforcement initiatives.
Increases in Superfund workyears will provide remedial oversight, accelerated
clean-up, legal support and base closure.
Workyear increases are requested for Agencywide geographic initiatives, criminal
investigations, regional litigation, technical support, and Indian programs.
-------
Page 3-10
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS
2.51%
1444%
42.68%
26.99%
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-11
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-------
Page 3-12
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF CIVIL ENFORCEMENT
% y j j-v f j s
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Office of Gvil
Enforcement
Pesticides & Toxic
Substances
Enforcement
Division
Water
Enforcement
Division
RCRA
Enforcement
Division
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Air Enforcement
Division
Superfund
Enforcement
Division
LEADERSHIP
Robert Van Heuvelen
Director
Robert Van Heuvelen has served as Director since
November, 1991. He previously served in the
Environment Division of the Department of Jus-
tice. He served as a trial attorney in the Hazardous
Waste and Environmental Enforcement Sections.
as well as Assistant Chief, Deputy Chief, and
ultimately Acting Chief of the Environment En-
forcement Section. Robert's previous Federal
employment included: Assistant Counsel to the
Senate Environment and Public Works Commit-
tee, and Legislative Assistant to Senator Quentln
Burdick of North Dakota. Robert received a
Bachelor's degree from Macalester College, a
Master's degree in Public Policy, and a J.D. degree
from George Washington University.
FUNCTIONS
Serves as the principal legal advisor to the Assistant Administrator and media enforcement offices
concerning the conduct of all civil enforcement activities.
Q Develops media-specific and multi-media legal enforcement policy and guidance documents
and oversees their implementation.
Q Participates in regulatory development and review on matters relating to civil enforcement
activities.
Q Reviews referrals and significant settlements for adherence to national policy and sufficiency
of results.
Q Participates in the conduct of negotiations, preparation of litigation documents and settle-
ment, agreements, and development and presentation of the Government's case.
Represents the Agency as principal official on matters relating to civil enforcement.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-13
ENFORCEMENT COUNSELS
Michael S. Alushin. Enforcement Counsel
Air Enforcement Division
Michael Alushin has been with the Agency since October, 1980, and has been In his present position
since May, 1982. Michael was an Assistant Attorney General with the Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources from 1972 to 1978, and served as Bureau Director from 1978 to 1980. He
received his B.A. degree in Economics from Oberlin College and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.
Frederick F. Stlehl, Enforcement Counsel
Water Enforcement Division
Frederick Stlehl has been the Director since 1991. Prior to this, he was the Associate Enforcement
Counsel for the Pesticides and Toxic Substances Enforcement Division for four years,.and the Deputy
and Associate Enforcement Counsel for the Hazardous Waste Enforcement Division for four years.
Before joining EPA, he was a trial attorney with the District of Columbia Corporation Counsel's office
for eight years. Frederick received a B_A. degree in Political Science from Rutgers, and graduated from
the Washington College of Law at The American University.
Michael J. Walker, Enforcement Counsel
Pesticides and Toxic Substances Enforcement Division
Michael Walker serves as the Enforcement Counsel for the Pesticides and Toxic Substances Enforce-
ment Division. He has been with EPA since 1978, when he joined the Chicago regional office as an
enforcement attorney. Michael received a B.A. degree in Biological Aspects of Conservation from the
University of Wisconsin, and a J.D. from University of Toledo, College of Law.
William A. White, Superfund Enforcement Counsel
Superfund Enforcement Division
William White has been with the Agency since January, 1991. Prior to this time, he served in private
practice with Dechert Price & Rhodes. William received his undergraduate and Law degrees from the
University of Wisconsin.
Kathie A. Stein, Enforcement Counsel
RCRA Enforcement Division
Kathie Stein has served as Director since January, 1990. During the Spring of 1992, she also served
as Acting Regional Counsel for Region HI. Prior to j oining EPA in 1990, Kathie served as Senior Counsel
in the Department of Justice's Lands and Natural Resources Division; Senior Attorney and Director of
the Environmental Defense Fund's Information Exchange; Assistant Attorney General in Maryland;
Associate with the firm of Feldman, Waldman & Kline; and Associate with the firm of Orrick, Herrington
& Sutcliffe. Kathie is a graduate of Georgetown University Law Center, and of Oberlin College, where
she received a B.A. degree in Government.
-------
Page 3-14
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT
Office of Criminal
Enforcement
Criminal Enforcement
Counsel Division
4 ^"^V * ฐS %
*vx (
J.^ ฃ*
'*, Criminal Investigations
Division
LEADERSHIP
Earl E. Devaney, Director
Office of Criminal Enforcement
Earl E. Devaney was named Director in October,
1992. He came to EPA from the U.S. Secret
Service, where his last assignment was Special
Agent-in-Charge of the Fraud Division. In 1987,
he served as the Deputy Special Agent-ln-Charge
of the 1988 Presidential campaign. After the
election, he was promoted to Special Agent-in-
Charge of the Office of Investigations. Earl re-
ceived hisBA. degree in Government from Franklin
and Marshall College.
FUNCTIONS
Provides guidance to the Assistant Administrator on all legal and policy matters pertaining to criminal
enforcement of regulations and statutes.
Q Directs the establishment of national criminal enforcement priorities.
Q Prepares policy guidance and uniform national standards and procedures for criminal
enforcement activity.
Q Participates in the development, review, and approval of training programs for EPA's criminal
investigators and related personnel.
Q Reviews cases prepared in the area offices of the Criminal Investigations Division.
Q Provides recommendations to the Assistant Administrator on referral of cases to the Depart-
ment of Justice for litigation.
Q Provides legal support to the field investigators in conjunction with the Regional Counsels.
Q Participates in negotiation and settlement strategies and in providing needed expert witnesses.
Q Provides coordination with the Department of Justice.
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Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-15
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Dale P. Boll. Director ~
Criminal Investigations Division
Dale Boll has been Director since February, 1992. He was a Special Agent with the Secret Service for
over 20 years, the last three years of which he was the Assistant Special Agent-in-Charge of the Fraud
Division. Dale received a B.A. degree in Law Enforcement and Public Safety from Kent State University.
Kathleen A. Hughes, Acting Director
Criminal Enforcement Counsel Division
Kathleen Hughes has been the Deputy Criminal Enforcement Counsel since September, 1992, and is
currently serving as the Acting Director. Before coming to EPA Headquarters, she worked in Region
VI as Chief of the Water Section in the Office of Regional Counsel, and as a Regional Criminal
Enforcement Counsel. Before Kathleen came to EPA, she worked as a Senior Trial Attorney for the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. She received a B.S. degree in Psychology from Memphis
State, and a J.D. from Loyola University School of Law.
-------
Page 3-16
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT
INVESTIGATIONS CENTER
National Enforcement
Investigations Center
Denver, Colo.
Planning and Management
Division
Laboratory Services
Division
Operations Division
Deputy Director
Vacant
LEADERSHIP
Prank M. Covington
Director
Before joining NEIC, Frank Covington served as
Deputy Regional Administrator in Region V. He
has been with the Agency since its creation, serving
in a variety of executive positions in Headquarters
and Region DC Frank began his Federal career
with the Federal Water Pollution Control Admin-
istration, a predecessor of EPA. Before that, he
was Director of State Planning in Iowa, and worked
in California state and local government. Frank
earned his Bachelor's degree from San Francisco
State University, and a Master's degree in Busi-
ness Administration from Golden State University.
FUNCTIONS
Serves as the principal source of expertise involving civil and criminal litigation support for complex
investigations and other support having national and/or significant regional impact on EPA and state
regulatory programs for air, water, toxics, pesticides, radiation and solid waste pollution control.
a
a
a
a
Plans, develops, and provides evidence and information interpretation for case preparations in
all program areas.
Provides expertise and guidance to the Office of Enforcement for the development of multi-
media enforcement strategies and evidence management: applies enforcement strategies
through case preparation activities.
Provides national expertise to Headquarters and regional Offices and the Department of Justice
in evaluating a bread range of waste disposal and emission problems, monitoring technology,
and remedial programs not normally available on regional staffs.
Maintains an expert staff and sophisticated technology for conducting complex, special.
continuing, and emergency responses to civil and criminal investigations: provides expert
testimony on a wide variety of subjects in support of enforcement actions.
Serves as a point of coordination with the staffs of other Assistant Administrators for the
preparation, assembly, and analysis of scientific and technical data and with Regional
Administrators and their staffs in providing support and training for Federal, state and local
personnel.
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Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-17
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Gary D. Young, Assistant Director
Laboratory Services Division
Gary Young is a career Public Health Services Officer, and is currently serving as NEIC's Assistant
Director of the Laboratory Services Division. He has occupied a variety of progressively responsible
positions since his arrival in December, 1975. Prior to liis NEIC tenure. Gary served in a variety of
managerial positions in Region Xs air pollution control program, and assisted in the creation of the
Federal air pollution control presence in that region. Prior to August, 1970, he supervised two air
monitoring surveys in the Ohio River valley; managed the Kansas City interstate air pollution
abatement activity; and supervised air pollution emission inventory development work within the
Federal facilities program. A graduate of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology with a B.S.
degree in Civil Engineering, Gary also received a Master's degree in Environmental Engineering from
the University of Florida.
Robert D. Harp, Assistant Director
Operations Division
Robert Harp has held a variety of staff and supervisory/management positions in NEIC and with the
Federal Pollution Control Agency. He began his Federal career as a field engineer with the Federal
Aviation Agency in 1961. Robert received a Civil Engineering degree from the University of Washington,
and a Master's degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Colorado.
Elizabeth Craig. Assistant Director
Planning and Management Division
Before she joined the NEIC, Beth Craig worked for a year and a half in the Office of Wetlands, Oceans
and Watersheds; served for three years in the AA/OSWER's Immediate Office; and in the Budget
Division for two and a half years. She has a Master's degree in Public Administration from George
Washington University.
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Page 3-18
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF FEDERAL FACILITIES
ENFORCEMENT
LEADERSHIP
Office of Federal Facilities
Enforcement
Enforcement and
Compliance Division
Program Operations
Division
Gordon Davidson, Director
Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement
Gordon Davidson has managed environmental
compliance and regulatory programs for a major
waste management company. He currently teaches
hazardous waste management and environmen-
tal policy courses at Duke University. Gordon
holds a Biology degree from Wittenberg and a
Master's in Environmental Management from Duke
University.
The Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement is responsible for providing direction and leadership in
Federal facilities enforcement. The Office serves as the principal EPA spokesperson and center of
expertise for the compliance monitoring, enforcement, and operation of environmental programs at
Federal facilities.
Q Serves as a liaison to Congress and represents EPA during hearings and other inquiries;
coordinates with other EPA offices and individual media programs where interests overlap.
Q Coordinates with other Federal agencies to ensure effective program implementation and
oversight.
Q Leads a national management initiative with the Department of Defense and Department of
Energy to promote interagency coordination and joint resolution of environmental program
issues.
Q Serves as a liaison on cleanup and compliance initiatives with other nations that may include
the development of technology transfer programs and assistance in the development of policies
and guidance.
Represents Federal facility Issues and needs during reauthorization of major legislation.
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Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-19
DIVISION DIRECTORS
James E. Woolford, Director
Program Operations Division
James Woolford has served as Director since April, 1992. Prior to this, he served as Chief. Contracts
and Planning Branch in the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement for two years. Prior to that, James
served as a Chief of the Regional Planning Section for two years; was a program analyst in the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response; and worked as a consultant for Booz. Allen and Hamilton.
James earned a M.A. degree in Political Science from the University of-North Carolina and has doctoral
studies at Rutgers University. His undergraduate degree, also in Political Science, is from Virginia
Polytechnic Institute.
Director
Enforcement and Compliance Division
Vacant
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Page 3-20
Office oJEnforcemeni
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES
/> ",,55 -f ',"'-, - -; "
" *''
Office of Federal Activities
Federal Agency Liaison
Division
Special Programs and
Analysis Division
LEADERSHIP
Richard E. Sanderson
Director
Dick Sanderson previously served as Associate
Administrator. Acting Assistant Administrator,
and Deputy Assistant Administrator in EPA's
former Office of External Affairs. Prior to EPA, he
worked in the Federal Emergency Management
Agency, the Department of Housing and Urban
Development, the Executive Office of the President.
the Philadelphia regional Office of Emergency
Preparedness, the Philadelphia regional Office of
Economic Opportunity, and the Headquarters
Ground Electronic Engineering Installation of the
U.S. Air Force .Dick received his Bachelor's degree
from Harvard University.
William D. Dickerson
Deputy Director
William Dickerson has served as the Deputy Director since 1988. after having worked for ten years in
the Office of Federal Activities in the Office of the Administrator. Prior to his Federal service. William
worked for a variety of private sector companies including TPW Systems Inc., North American Aviation
Inc., and the Boeing Co. He received a B.S. degree and a M.S. degree in Engineering.
The Office of Federal Activities serves as the principal point of contact and liaison with other Federal
agencies and provides consultation and technical assistance to those agencies relating to EPA's areas
of expertise and responsibility.
Q Administers the filing and information system for all Federal environmental impact statements
under agreement with the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
Q Develops and recommends national programs and internal policies, strategies, and procedures
for: preparing environmental impact statements en EPA activities; complying with various
statutes, directives, and administration policies on the protection of special environmental
areas; and general implementation of the National Environmental Policy Act.
Q Provides a central point of information for the public on environmental impact statements and
assessment techniques and methodologies, and works with Federal and international agencies
in this area.
Q Oversees development of policies, regulations, and programs related to environmental protection
on Indian lands, and responds to tribal and other inquiries regarding policies and programs.
Q Develops or recommends policies, strategies, and procedures for coaducLuig EFA's Federal
action.review program under Section 309 of the Clean Air Act.
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Office Profiles
Office of Enforcement
Page 3-21
DIVISION DIRECTORS
B. Katherine Biggs. Director
Special Programs and Analysis Division
Katherine Biggs has been with the Office of Federal Activities since 1989, and is now serving as the
Director of the Special Programs and Analysis Division. She began her EPA career in Region VII serving
as Environmental Review Branch Chief, and Superfund Remedial Section Chief. She also served as
a Geologist in the regional Superfund and Hazardous Materials Branches. Before joining EPA,
Katherine was an Environmental Specialist for the hazardous waste and radiation programs in the Iowa
Department of Natural Resources. She received the following degrees from Drake University: a B.S.
in Education; an M.A, in Physical Science; and an M.A. in Chemistry. She is also a Ph.D. candidate
(Geology and Earth Science) at Iowa State University.
Anne Norton Miller, Director
Federal Agency Liaison Division
In her years with EPA, Anne Miller has been involved with a number of programs at regional and
Headquarters levels. She is a graduate of Earlham College with an A.B. in Biology, and a M.S. degree
in Microbiology from Ohio State University.
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Page 3-22
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1 - 3 Occupational Health and Safety
1 - 7 Personnel Actions
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1 - 17A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1 - 17B International Travel Authorizations
1 - 18 Agency Seal
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1 - 23 Administration of Oaths
1-30 Freedom of Information
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1 - 45 Intergovernmental Review Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 40 CFR Part 29
1-48 Request for Information from Other Federal Agencies
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
1-64 Paid Informant Program
1-68 Consensual Electronic Monitoring
1-69 Classification of Attorney Positions Within OGC and OE
CLEAN WATER ACT
2-13 Inspections and Information Gathering
2 - 14A Civil Judicial Enforcement and Administrative Penalty Collective Actions
2 - 14B Criminal Enforcement Actions
2 - 14C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
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Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-23
2 - 14D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
2 - 14E Authority to Arrest for CWA Section 311 Violation
2-22 Administrative Compliance Orders and Notices of Violations
2 - 30 Planning and Removing Facilities from the List of Violating Facilities
2-51 Class I Administrative Penalty Action
2 - 52B Class II Administrative Penalty: Agency Representation in the Hearings: Initiating Internal
Appeals of Adverse Determinations: and Representing Agency in Appeals
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH, AND SANCTUARIES ACT
3 - lA Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
3 - IB Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation In Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
3-11 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988: Negotiation and Oversight of Enforcement and Compli-
ance Agreements
3-12 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988: Civil and Administrative Enforcement Actions
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE AND RODENTICIDE ACT
5-9 Inspections and Information Gathering
5-12 Issuances of Stop Sale, Use or Removal Orders
5 - 13 Disposition of Pesticides
5-14 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
5 - 15A Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
5 - 17A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
5 - 17B Criminal Enforcement Actions
5 - 17C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
5 - 17D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
CLEAN AIR ACT
7 - 6B Administrative Enforcement Actions: Agency Representation in Hearings and Negotiations
of Consent Agreements
7-8 Inspections and Information Gathering
7 - 22A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
7 - 22B Criminal Enforcement Actions
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Page 3-24 Office of Enforcement Office Profiles
7 - 22C Settlement or Concurrence In Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
7 - 22D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
7-29 Placing and Removing Facilities from the List of Violating Facilities
7-33 Subpoenas and Administration of Oaths
7-37 Administrative Enforcement Actions: New Source Review Orders
7 - 38 Prevention of Significant Deterioration: Administrative Enforcement
7-39 Economic Emergency Suspension of State Implementation Plan Requirements: Disapproval
of Gubernatorial Orders
7 - 41A Noncompliance Penalty: Assessment and Signing of Consent Agreements
7 - 4IB Noncompliance Penalty: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
7-42 Noncompliance Penalty: Assessment in the Absence of State Action
7-43 Noncompliance Penalty: Granting of Exemptions
7-44 Noncompliance Penalty: De Minimis Exemptions
7-45 Noncompliance Penalty: Notice of Noncompliance
7-46 Noncompliance Penalty: Review of Actual Expenditures and Adjustment of the Penalty
7-49 Emergency Administrative Powers
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8-8 Inspections and Information Gathering
8 - 9B Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Consent Agreements
8 - 1OA Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
8 - IOB Criminal Enforcement Actions
8 - IOC Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement ot Civil Judicial Actions
8 - 10D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
8-16 Employment Shifts and Loss
8-20 Monitoring, Testing. Analysis, and Reporting
8-24 Inspections and Information Gathering (Subtitle I)
8-26 Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements (Subtitle I)
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Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-25
8 - 29 Settlement or Concurrence in Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions (Subtitle I)
8 - 30 Emergency TRO's (Subtitle I)
8-32 Administrative Enforcement - Corrective Action Authority: Issuance of Orders and Signing
of Consent Agreements
8 - 39 Issuing Subpoenas (Subtitle I)
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-12 Inspections and Information Gathering
9 - 16A CivilJudicial Enforcement Actions
9 - 16B Criminal Enforcement Actions Orders
9 - 16C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
9 - 16D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
9-17 Emergency Administrative Powers
9 - 33B Administrative Penalty Under Part B: Agency Representation in the Hearings. Negotiating
and Signing of Consent Agreements and Appeals
9-35 Issuance of Administrative Orders Under Section 1423 C
NOISE CONTROL ACT
11-1 Inspections and Information Gathering
11-5 Administrative Orders
11 - 6A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
11 - 6B Criminal Enforcement Actions
11 - 6C Settlement of concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
11 - 6D Emergency TRO's
11-7 Subpoenas and Oaths
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
12-1 Inspections and Subpoenas
12 - 2A Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
12 - 2B Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
12 - 3A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
12 - 3B Criminal Enforcement Actions
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Page 3-26 Office of Enforcement Office Profiles
12 - 3C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
12 - 3D Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
12 - 3F Imminent Hazard Actions
12 - 16 Petitions for Exemption from PCB Ban Rule
12-17 Petitions for Exemption from the CFC Ban Rule
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT
(CERCLA)
14-6 Inspections, Sampling, Information Gathering. Subpoenas, and Entry for Response
14 - 8B Studies and Investigations Related to Cost Recovery and Enforcement Decisions: Special
Notice
14 - 10B State Legal Assistance
14-12 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
14 - 13A Criminal Enforcement Actions
14 - 13B Concurrence In Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
14 - 13C Emergency Temporary Restraining Orders
14-15 Guidelines for Use of Imminent Hazard Enforcement and Emergency Response Authorities
14-16 Demand Letters
14-29 Investigations and Evaluations of Employment
FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRATION ACT OP 1974
16-1 Review and Comment on DOE Actions
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
22 - 1 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
22-2 Criminal Judicial Enforcement Actions
22 - 3A Administrative Enforcement Actions
22 - 3B Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Negotiations
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Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-27
ORGANOTIN ANTIFOULING PAINT CONTROL ACT OF 1988
25-4 Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation In Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
25 - 6 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
25-7 Criminal Enforcement Actions
25-7 Criminal Enforcement Actions
25-8 Settlement of Concurrence In Settlement of Civil Judicial Actions
MEDICAL WASTE TRACKING ACT
26-1 Designation of Law Enforcement Officers
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Page 3-28
Office of Enforcement
Office Profiles
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1970
1971
1975
1981
1983
Assistant Administrator for Standards
and Enforcement and General Counsel
Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement &
General Counsel
General
Counsel
Office of the Administrator
General
Counsel Staff
Office
Standards function to
Program Offices
Water
Enforcement
Assistant Administrator
for Enforcement
Program-Specific Enforcement
Functions to Program Offices
Associate Administrator
for Legal and
Enforcement Counsel
General
Counsel
Enforcement
Counsel
AAship Eliminated
To AA Status
Office of the General
Counsel
Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement &
Compliance Monitoring
1990
Assistant Administrator for
-Enforcement
-------
Office Profiles Office of Enforcement Page 3-29
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator William Ruckelshaus
published an organizational order providing for the designation of Assistant Administrators for
Planning and Management, Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and
Monitoring. The Office of Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel inherited compliance and
enforcement components from other Federal agencies. The five principal categorical programs -air,
water, solid wastes, radiation and pesticides were retained 'individually under the management of
commissioners.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The organizational evolution of the Enforcement and General Counsel functions in EPA are insepa-
rable. In EPA's 18 year history, these two functions were combined from 1970 to 1975, split from 1975
to 1980, combined from 1980 to 1983, and split again. The evolution reflects the management
preference of the Administrator at the time. A brief overview of this history follows.
In 1971, the first permanent organizational structure for EPA was announced. The five principal
categorical programs were realigned under two Assistant Administrators, and the Assistant Adminis-
trators for three functional areas were retained. At this time, the Office of Standards and Enforcement
and General Counsel delegated its standard-setting responsibility to the categorical programs. The
resultant organization was the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel. This AAship contained
three offices: General Enforcement, Water Enforcement and the General Counsel.
In 1975, the Office of General Counsel, including the Offices of Regional Counsel, were transferred from
the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel to the Office of the Administrator and established as
a separate staff office. The enforcement function retained its AA status and was retitled the Office of
Enforcement. The new Enforcement AAship contained three offices: General Enforcement. Water
Enforcement and Permits, and Mobile Source and Noise Enforcement.
hi 1981, EPA underwent an extensive reorganization which affected the functional areas of Enforce-
ment and General Counsel. The Office of Enforcement was abolished (with a majority of its
responsibilities delegated to the program offices) and a new office, the Office of Legal and Enforcement
Counsel (OLEC), was established to Include the activities of the General Counsel and to oversee the
direction of Agencywlde enforcement activities.
Later that same year, in an effort to further clarify the roles of the program offices versus that of OLEC,
the Administrator determined that all attorneys and their functions should be transferred from the
program offices to the Office of Enforcement Counsel within OLEC. Under this organizational
configuration, the program offices would conduct inspections, issue permits, and determine technical
violations up to the point of adjudication, at which time OLEC would take the technically completed
casework to the hearing and/or litigation phase.
Two years later, in 1983, another reorganization separated General Counsel from Enforcement
Counsel. The decision cited the need to clarify and separate the very distinct types of legal activities
General Counsel and Enforcement perform. The Office of General Counsel would provide senior Agency
managers with traditional general counsel services, concentrating on representing the Agency in
defensive litigation.- Enforcement, on the other hand, was charged with building strong offensive
litigation across all media. Both functions were elevated to the Assistant Administrator level, and the
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring was created.
-------
Page 3-30 Office of Enforcement Office Profiles
The Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring underwent an Internal reorganization in 1986,
resulting in the elevation of the Criminal Enforcement Office to the Office of Criminal Enforcement
which reports directly to the Assistant Administrator. The staff office of Compliance Analysis and
Program Operations was created, and the civil enforcement functions were gathered under the Senior
Enforcement Counsel - Civil, which would become the Office of Civil Enforcement.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
In 1990, the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring changed its name to the Office of
Enforcement, and upgraded the Federal Facilities Compliance Staff to the Office of Federal Facilities
Enforcement (OFFE). The Federal Facilities Compliance Staff was merged into the new OFFE.
The current structure under which the Office of Enforcement operates stems directly from the previous
reorganizations. It now consists of: the Office of Criminal Enforcement, the Office of Civil Enforcement,
the Office of Federal Facilities Enforcement, the Office of Federal Activities, and the National
Enforcement Investigations Center, which operates from Denver, Colorado.
-------
GENERAL COUNSEL
-------
Section 4
OFFICE OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL
General Counsel
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FUNCTIONS
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Serves as primary legal advisor to the Administrator.
Provides legal services to all organizational elements of the Agency on all Agency programs.
Provides legal opinions, legal counsel, and litigation support.
Assists in the formulation and administration of the Agency's policies and programs as legal
advisor.
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Page 4-2
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
Raymond B. Ludwiszewski
Acting General Counsel
Ray Ludwiszewski was designated Acting General Counsel In August, 1991. Ray has also held the
positions of Acting Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and Deputy General Counsel. Prior to
joining EPA, Ray worked with a private law firm and with the Department of Justice. While at the
Department of Justice, he served as Special Counsel to the Assistant Attorney General for the
Environment and Natural Resources Division and as Associate Deputy Attorney General. Ray was a
law clerk to Judge Henry J. Friendly after graduating magna cum laude from Harvard Law School,
where he served as an editor of the Law Review.
Gerald H. Tamada
Principal Deputy General Counsel
Gerald Yamada has been Deputy General Counsel since November, 1982. He joined OGC in August,
1977, as a mid-level staff attorney and has held the positions of Assistant General Counsel and
Associate General Counsel. He was also Acting General Counsel for two extended periods, and Acting
Enforcement Counsel for a brief period. Concurrent with his present duties, he has been the ethics
officer of EPA since January, 1983. Gerry is a graduate of George Washington University Law School
and was with the U.S. Justice Department prior to joining EPA.
Deputy General Counsellor Litigation. Legislation and Regional Operations
Vacant
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Office Profiles
Office of the General Counsel
Page 4-3
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
TAKINGS
Pursuant to Executive Order 12630 on Takings, and the Attorney General's Guidelines for the
Evaluation of Risk and Avoidance of Unanticipated Takings, EPA has drafted supplemental Agency
guidelines for Implementing the Order. The Agency formally transmitted those guidelines, which were
developed after extensive input from the Department of Justice, to the Attorney General for approval
on June 20, 1991. A subsequent version, incorporating revisions negotiated by EPA and the
Department of Justice, was transmitted on June 18, 1992. The Agency is awaiting approval by the
Attorney General. The EPA supplemental guidelines Identify the General Counsel as the Agency's
designated Takings Officer. In the last Congress, certain members attempted, but failed to enact
provisions which would require agencies to fund "Takings" from the-current operating budget.
NORTH AMERICAN COMMISSION ON THE ENVIRONMENT
OGC has joint responsibility (with OPPE) to negotiate with Canada and Mexico the formation of a
trilateral North American Commission on the Environment to serve as a forum for the discussion of
North American Free Trade Agreement-related environmental issues as well as other environmental
Issues of common concern. (Also see Integrating Environmental Protection, Economic Growth, and
t Export Assistance issue on page 6-3.)
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
OGC has primary responsibility for ensuring the Agency's interest in an ecosystem management
approach to environmental protection is represented in U.S. government positions on the conservation
of biological diversity, including the Convention on Biological Diversity. OGC, in cooperation with OIA
and ORD, is spearheading the Agency's effort to define the proper scope of national and international
biological diversity conservation endeavors. These reach beyond the Endangered Species Act to
address pollution control and other preventive measures to keep species from becoming endangered
by preserving the integrity of ecosystems and habitats.
REGULATORY DIOXTN POLICY
The dioxin risk reassessment by ORD is nearing completion and may prompt significant science policy
and risk management Issues for EPA. Among these may be: 1) the importance of immunotoxic and
reproductive toxlcity problems, especially how EPA might regulate to protect people from potential
effects and 2) the proper regulatory response to the potential finding that the current dioxin exposure
experienced in the U.S. may be too high. OGC chairs the dioxin regulatory policy committee which is
addressing these issues.
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Page 4-4
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
350
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984
1964
1985
1986
1987
1984
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Workycars
Since FY 1989, the Agency has invested more funds and workyears to provide legal
support for new legislation such as the Glean Air Act.
Another important investment has been for legal research and database services
(LEXIS).
-------
Office Profiles
Office of the General Counsel
Page 4-5
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984
1993
IHQ D REGIONS
Workyears
1984
1993
I HOD REGIONS
' The growth in OGC's operating program is the direct result of increasing Agency
responsibilities for the Clean Air Act (CAA), Superfund, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), and other major pieces of environmental legislation.
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Page 4-6
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1990
INPM
Request l
1991
1992
1993
Request
I President's I I Operating
I Budget I 1 Plan
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300 -
200 -
100 -
19B9
Workyears
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1992
1993
I Request L-J Request am Budget
Budget I 1
Ran
' OGC's requests reflect the growing workload associated with the implementation of
the new legislative authorities.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of the General Counsel
Page 4-7
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
30.000
Dollars in Millions
1993PresBud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
The FY 1994 OMB request represents increased resources primarily to provide
legal support for strengthened contract, grant and procurement management,
NAFTA and Rio follow-up activities, and to maintain LEXIS (legal database and
reference) services.
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Page 4-8
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OGC
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-------
Office Profiles
Office of the. General Counsel
Page 4-9
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-------
Page 4-10
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
ASSOCIATE GENERAL COUNSELS
Lisa K. Friedman
Associate General Counsel, Solid Waste & Emergency Response Division
Lisa Friedman was appointed to this position in 1983. She joined EPA in 1977 as a staff attorney and
became the Assistant General Counsel forthe Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1980. Before
Joining EPA, she was an Associate with a private firm. Lisa is a graduate of Harvard Law School.
AlanW. Bckert
Associate General Counsel, Air and Radiation Division
A graduate of the University of Virginia School of Law, and Duke University, Alan Eckert joined the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration as a legislative attorney in March, 1970, and became
a charter member of EPA later that year. In 1972, he joined the Office of General Counsel, where he
practiced water pollution control lawfor eightyears as a staff attorney. Assistant General Counsel, and
Deputy Associate General Counsel. In 1 98 1 , he was appointed Senior Litigator, a position he held until
he assumed his present position in April, 1986.
Susan G. Lepow
Associate General Counsel, Water Division
A graduate of Georgetown University Law Center and the University of Pennsylvania. Susan Lepow
joinedEPAin 1974 as a legal assistant in the Office of Pesticide Programs. In 1976, she joined the Office
of General Counsel in the Pesticides and Toxic Substances Division for fouryears, and then transferred
to the Water Division where she worked as a staff attorney and Assistant General Counsel until
assuming her present position in January, 1987.
James C. Nelson
Associate General Counsel. Pesticides and Toxic Substances Division
Jim Nelson was appointed to the position of Associate General Counsel in December, 1 99 1 after serving
as Acting Associate from 1990. He served as Assistant General Counsel, Toxic Substances Branch for
4years. Jim joined EPA In 1976 as a staff attorney. Prior to Joining EPA, he worked as a staff attorney
for the Commission on Federal Paperwork. He is a graduate of George Washington University.
Craig B. Annear
Associate General Counsel, Management and Administration Division
Craig Annear was appointed Associate General Counsel of the Management and Administration
Division from his previous position as Associate General Counsel of the Grants, Contracts and General
Law Division. He joined EPA in 1983, and served as Associate General Counsel for the Inspector
General Division. He has also worked at the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Department
of Housing and Urban Development, and the Federal Trade Commission. He is a graduate of the
University of Michigan Law School and Cornell University.
Maria E. Diamond
Associate Gtenerai Couaae*. IsspecSsx Gssera!
Maria Diamond was appointed as Associate General Counsel. Inspector General Division, in October,
1988. She has counselled the Office of Inspector General since starting with EPA in October. 1981.
Her undergraduate degree in public accounting led her to the General Accounting Office where she
worked as an auditor until she graduated from the Columbus School of Law at Catholic University. She
spent two years in GAO's Office of General Counsel before coming to EPA. Maria is also a Certified
Public Accountant. Maria is currently on leave until June, 1993.
-------
Office Profiles Office of the General Counsel Page 4-11
Robert Friedrich
Acting Associate General Counsel, Inspector General Division
Robert Friedrich has been the Acting Associate General Counsel since November, 1991. He j oined EPA
as a staff attorney in 1979. Previously, he was an instructor at the University of Wisconsin Law School:
and has also held several other positions as an attorney in the private sector. Robert received his B A.
from the University of California, and his J.D. from Columbia Law School
Howard F. Corcoran
Associate General Counsel, Grants and Intergovernmental Division
Prior to his appointment as Associate General Counsel, Howard Corcoran served as an Office of General
Counsel staff attorney and the Assistant General Counsel for the Grants Law Branch. Howard has been
at EPA since 1979. He has a J.D. from Georgetown University, a Master's Degree from the Yale School
of Forestry and Environmental Studies, and a B_A. from Harvard College.
Daniel B. McGraw Jr.
Associate General Counsel, International Activities Division
Daniel McGraw joined EPA as an Associate General Counsel in March, 1992. He previously served as
a Professor of Law at the University of Colorado. He practiced law at a private firm and at Neighborhood
Legal Services in Washington, D.C. Daniel served as an economist and business consultant in India
during the period 1969-1972. He received his J.D. from the University of California, andhisA.B. from
Harvard.
Charles L. Elkins
Associate General Counsel. Cross-Media Analysis and Review Division
Priorto his appointment as Associate General Counsel, Chuck Elkins served in several positions at EPA
since 1970. He was Acting Assistant Administrator in the Hazardous Materials Control and Air and
Radiation programs, and was Director of the Noise Control Program, Office of Toxic Substances, of
OAR's Office of Program Development. Chuck was Special Assistant to the first EPA Administrator, and
served as a Budget Examiner with the Office of Management and Budget before coming to EPA. Chuck
is a graduate of Yale University and Yale Law School.
Associate General Counsel, Contracts, Claims and Property Law Division
Vacant
Associate General Counsel, General and Information Law Division
Vacant
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Page 4-12
Office of the General Counsel
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE GENERAL COUNSEL
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-3 Occupational Health and Safety
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-17-A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1 -17 -B International Travel Authorizations
1-18 Agency Seal
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1-23 Administration of Oaths
1-25 Tort Claims
1-26 Waiver of Claim for Erroneous Payment of Pay
1-27 Claims of EPA Personnel for Personal Property Damage or Loss
1-28 Claims of EPA
1-29 Receipt. Evaluation, and Compliance with Process of Garnishment Orders for Child Support
and/or Alimony
1 -30 Freedom of Information
1-31 Freedom of Information: Appeal Determinations and Confidentiality Determinations
1 -32-A Freedom of Information (FIFRA)
1-32-B Freedom of Information (FIFRA Section 10(g)(D)
1-33 Privacy Act
1-34 Litigation Representation
1-36 Appeals on Acceleration Depreciation Deeisionc
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1-48 Request for Information from Other Federal Agencies
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1 -53 Judicial Review of Agency Actions
1-54 Appointment of Designated Agency Federalism Official
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
-------
Office Profiles Office of the General Counsel Page 4-13
1-69 Classification of Attorney Positions Within the Office of General Counsel and Enforcement
1-70 Indemnification of Money Judgments, Verdicts and Claims Against Employees
1-80 Executive Order 12778
CLEAN WATER ACT -
2-14-A Civil Judicial Enforcement and Administrative Penalty Collections Actions
2-52-B Class II Administrative Penalty: Agency Representation in the Hearings; Initiating
Internal Appeals of Adverse Determinations; and Representing Agency in Appeals
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE. FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT
5-17-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
CLEAN AIR ACT
7-22-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
7-23 Public Participation in Settlement Agreements
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8-10-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-16-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
9-35 Issuance of Administrative Orders Under Section 1423(c)
NOISE CONTROL ACT
11-6-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
12-3-A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT
14-12 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
22-1 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
22-2 Criminal Judicial Enforcement Actions
22-7 Trade Secrets
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Page 4-14 Office of the General Counsel Office Profiles
ORGANOTEV ANTDPOULING PAINT CONTROL ACT OF 1988
25-6 Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
While not a formal delegation of authority, the Office of General Counsel also has responsibilities in
connection with Takings concerns arising under the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution under
guidance approved by the Department of Justice.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of the General Counsel
Page 4-15
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1970
1971
1975
Assistant Administrator for the Office
of Standards and Enforcement and
General Counsel
Enforcement &
General Counsel
General
Counsel
Standards function to Program Offices
Water
Enforcement
Office of the Administrator
General
Counsel Staff
Office
Program-Specific Enforcement
Functions to Program Offices
1981
1983
To AA Status
General
Counsel
Office of Legal
Enforcement Counsel
Office of the General
Counsel
Enforcement
Counsel
Assistant Administrator
for Enforcement &
Compliance Monitoring
AAship Eliminated
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Page 4-16 Office of the General Counsel Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of federal
environmental activities into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus,
published an organizational order providing for the designation of Assistant Administrators for
Planning and Management, Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and
Monitoring. The five principal categorical programs -air, water, solid wastes, radiation and pesticides
were retained individually under the management of commissioners.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The organizational evolution of the General Counsel and Enforcement functions in EPA are insepa-
rable. In EPA's 18 year history, these two functions were combined from 1970 to 1975, split from 1975
to 1980. combined from 1980 to 1983, and split again. The evolution reflects the management
preference of the Administrator at the time. A brief overview of this history follows.
In 1971, the first permanent organizational structure for EPA was announced. The five principal
categorical programs were realigned under two Assistant Administrators, and Assistant Administrators
for the three functional areas were retained. At this time, the Office of Standards and Enforcement and
General Counsel delegated its standard-setting responsibility to the program offices. The resulting
organization was the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel. This AAship contained three offices:
General Counsel, Water Enforcement, and General Enforcement.
In 1975, the Office of General Counsel, including the Offices of Regional Counsel, were transferred from
the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel to the Office of the Administrator and established as
a separate staff office. The enforcement function retained its AA status and was retitled the Office of
Enforcement.
In 1981, EPA underwent an extensive reorganization which affected the functional areas of Enforce-
ment and General Counsel as well as Planning and Management. The Office of Enforcement was
abolished and a majority of its responsibilities were delegated to the program offices. The Office of Legal
Enforcement Counsel (OLEC) was established absorbing the Office of General Counsel from the
Administrator's Office. OLEC's scope included all activities of the General Counsel and all Agencywide
enforcement activities. The Office of General Counsel retained its separate identity within OLEC.
Later that same year, in an effort to further clarify the roles of the program offices versus that of OLEC,
the Administrator determined that all attorneys and their functions should be transferred from the
program offices to the Office of Enforcement Counsel within OLEC. Under this organizational
configuration, the program offices would conduct inspections, issue permits, determine technical
violations up to the point of adjudication, at which time OLEC would take the technically completed
casework to the hearing or litigation phase.
Two years later, in 1983, the Agency reversed its decision and separated General Counsel from
Enforcement Counsel by eliminating the Associate Administrator's position for OLEC. For the first
time, the General Counsel became a Presidential appointee confirmed by the U.S. Senate as an
Assistant Administrator. The decision cited the need to clarify and separate the very distinct types of
legal activities General Counsel and Enforcement perform. Under this.organizational configuration, the
Office of General Counsel would provide senior Agency managers with legal advice on specific matters;
be the source of general legal policy regarding statutory interpretation, standards and regulations
development: assist in the drafting of legislation: and represent the Agency in defensive litigation. The
new enforcement office, named the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring, would provide
development of Agencywide policies and operating procedures for civil and criminal enforcement of
EPA's standards and regulations; assurance of the quality and consistency of offensive litigation across
aii media, and legal assistance to program offices with regard to case development, administrative
actions, and compliance activities.
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Office Profiles Office of the General Counsel . Page 4-17
Since 1983, the General Counsel and Enforcement Counsel have remained separate organizational
entities. Under the prior OLEC organizational structure, the Office of General Counsel had supervisory
responsibilities for the Offices of Regional Counsel.
In 1990, the oversight of EPA's Regional Counsels transferred to the Office of Enforcement in
recognition of the preponderance of enforcement work performed In the regional offices. The Office was
now composed of six divisions: the Water Division, the Solid Waste and Emergency Response Division,
the Air and Radiation Division, the Pesticides and Toxic Substances Division, the Inspector General
Division, and the Grants, Contracts and General Law Division.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
In 1991, the International Activities Division and the Cross-Media Analysis and Review Division were
added. The Grants, Contracts and General Law Division was split into the Contracts, Information and
General Law Division and the Grants, Claims and Intergovernmental Division in 1992. The
Management and Administration Division was also created in 1992, primarily consolidating front office
functions. This resulted In a ten-division structure.
In November, 1992, OGC reorganized again. The Contracts, Information and General Law Division and
the Grants, Claims and Intergovernmental Division became the General and Information Law Division
and the Grants and Intergovernmental Law Division. A new division was created: the Contracts, Claims
and Property Law Division, headed by an Associate General Counsel.
-------
POLICY PLANNING &
EVALUATION
-------
OFFICE OF POLICY, PLANNING AND EVALUATION
Office of Policy
Analysis
Economic Analysis and
Innovations Division
Air and Energy Policy
Division
Water and Agricultural
Policy Division
Climate Change
Division
Waste and Chemical
Policy Division
Assistant Administrator for
Policy, Planning and Evaluation
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FUNCTIONS
The mission of the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) is to ensure that EPA's policies and
programs are environmentally effective, economically efficient, and able to be implemented. To
accomplish this OPPE:
Q Provides policy leadership on inter-governmental issues such as global climate change, energy,
agriculture, transportation. International trade and the environment; promotes the use and
development of policy analysis tools: comparative risk, social science research, and environ-
mental statistics and indicators.
Q Analyzes the economic and environmental effects of regulations, policies, legislation, and
Agency programs; and promotes the use of innovative regulatory approaches such as market-
based Incentives and pollution prevention.
Q Manages and promotes improvements in the Agency's regulatory development, strategic
planning, accountability, and information collection and dissemination systems.
Q Uses human health/ecological risk, economic and statistical analysis to guide EPA programs
and resources toward addressing the most urgent or damaging environmental and human
health risks from pollution.
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Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluattan
Office Profiles
Page 5-2
LEADERSHIP
Richard D. Morgenstern
Acting Assistant Administrator
Dick Morgenstern is Acting Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation. He came to
EPA in 1982 as Director of the Office of Policy Analysis. In April, 1991 he became Acting Assistant
Administrator. He served previously as Director of the Energy Program at the Urban Institute; as
Deputy Assistant Director for Energy, Natural Resources and the Environment at the Congressional
Budget Office; and as a tenured Associate Professor of Economics at the City University of New York.
He holds an A. B. degree from Oberlin College and a Ph. D. in Economics from the University of Michigan.
Daniel C. Esty
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Dan Esty became Deputy Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation in April 1991.
He Joined EPA in 1989 as a Special Assistant to Administrator William Reilty, and in 1990, he became
Deputy Chief of Staff of the Agency. Prior to joining EPA, Dan practiced law with the Washington, D.C.
firm of Arnold and Porter. Dan graduated from Harvard College with an A B. in Economics and received
a B.A. in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics from Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar.
He has a J.D. from Yale Law School.
Mary M. Free
Director. Program Administration and Resources Management Staff
Mary Free is the Director of the Program Administration and Resources Management Staff which is
responsible for OPPE's overall internal planning, budgeting, and financial information, as well as for
human resources management. She joined EPA thirteen years ago, becoming OPPE's Senior Budget
Officer in 1982 and Senior Information Resources Management Official in 1986. As a Peace Corps
volunteer prior to her EPA employment, Mary served as a municipal development advisor in Truk,
Micronesia. She earned a B .A. in sociology from the University of Chicago.
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
CLIMATE CHANGE
OPPE is pursuing a portfolio of activities which seek to: further the analytic basis for climate change
policy; build state and regional capacity to implement climate programs: support developing countries'
climate change efforts; further technology cooperation; and harness private sector potential to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions. OPPE is providing critical analysis of mitigation options to support the
development of the U.S. National Action Plan; is launching the Country Studies Program, and has
studies underway in Poland. Brazil and Mexico; and is initiating a voluntary greenhouse gas reductions
program with the Department of Energy. (Also see Global Warming ปssue en page 10-5.)
OF THE EVTERMODAL SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EFFICIENCY ACT
(ISTEA)
ISTEA requires EPA to examine the complex interactions between transportation and environmental
policy and to assist the Department of Transportation in implementing certain provisions of the Act.
The Agency's "Transportation Cluster" is an Agency-wide working group charged with the development
of an overall ISTEA implementation strategy. The opportunities for environmental gains, particularly
with respect to climate change, are enormous. To exploit these opportunities, EPA will have to
overcome current barriers to successful implementation of the Act, including resource shortfalls in the
regional offices.
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Office Profiles Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation Page 5-3
TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
OPPE and the Office of International Activities lead EPA's expanding efforts to examine and shape the
growing linkages between trade and environmental policy. Efforts to date have focused on: integrating
environmental considerations into trade policy-making and trade negotiations (the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement); supporting an effort within the
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to develop an industrialized world consen-
sus on how to integrate trade and environmental policy-making; and analyzing the trade and
competitiveness effects of environmental policies.
REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT AND REVIEW
Regulatory development is a significant part of EPA's work; EPA spends approximately 40% of its
resources to publish several hundred environmental regulations each year. OPPE is responsible for
managing the Agency's regulatory development process, and for coordinating the Office of Management
and Budget's review of regulations under Executive Order 12291. Most major rules involve both
technical complexity and issues which cut across the Agency's media-oriented organization. To provide
the necessary expertise and cross-media perspective, each rule is developed with the assistance of an
Agency-wide work group and is reviewed internally by senior managers in all interested offices. This
participatory system is currently perceived as overly cumbersome and at times ineffective. OPPE is
leading an Agency-wide team to improve the process with the aims of: improving the quality of
regulations and their supporting analyses; increasing regional input; enhancing public participation;
and Improving efficiency and timeliness. Improvements are also needed in the Executive Order review
process. The question of how to manage Executive Order review will confront the new Administration
immediately.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS
In the past two years, the recommendations of EPA's Science Advisory Board (SAB) have significantly
altered the Agency's approach to protecting the environment. In the coming year, EPA is taking on one
of the biggest challenges the SAB put in front of us: engaging in a dialogue with the public about the
true nature of risks to human health and the environment, and working toward a national consensus
on an environmental agenda. EPA is now embarking on an unprecedented effort to set national
environmental goals -- goals that cannot be achieved by EPA alone, and require the help of all levels
of government, the business community, and the public. Setting measurable environmental goals will
provide direction for EPA's efforts, as well as a focal point around which government agencies, the
business community, and the public can coalesce. They can also provide important benchmarks
against which to measure the costs and benefits of environmental progress and the distribution of
those costs and benefits to the nation as a whole.
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Page 5-4
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984 1985 1986 1987 1888
500
400 -
300 -
200 -
100 -
1984
1990 1991 1992 1993
Work/ears
1985
1986
1987
FY 1989 dollar increase is due to Water Quality Act implementation and global
climate change work.
FY 1991 dollar increase is result of investments in climate change, the Center for
Environmental Statistics, and pollution prevention activities.
FY 92 Congressional add for Climate Change Methane and the National Wood
Energy Association were not carried through in FY 93 resulting in a decrease in the
Operating Plan.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
Page 5-5
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
$20
1984
1993
228
I HO D REGIONS
Workyears
263
101
1984
HODREGIONS |
1993
Regional resources have grown steadily while Headquarters resources have more
than doubled to support increasing demands on centrally managed programs.
Headquarters FTE experience steady growth, while regional FTE have increased at
a higher rate due to an increased planning role played by the regions.
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Page 5-6
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Office Profiles
1989
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
I President's
(Budget
Operating
Plan
Workyears
500
400
300
200
100
1989
1990
1991
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request I
I President's
I Budget
Operating
Plan
' FY 1989-93 investments supported global climate change, environmental statistics,
risk reduction and economic analysis.
The decrease from the FY 1992 to FY 1993 Operaing Plan is due to the FY 92
Congressional Add-ons (i.e. climate change, methane, wood energy) that were not
carried through into FY 93.
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Office Profiles
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Page 5-7
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
500
Dollars In Millions
1993 Pros Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
1993PresBud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Program
Superfund/
LUST
Increased resources are for UNCED follow-up, environmental equity and economic
analysis .
Trust fund resources remain level recognizing continued Congressional
reductions.
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Page 5-8
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OPPE
Education Levels
Office Profiles
8.80%
16.20%
14.08%
47.18%
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Office Profiles
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Page 5-9
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRABS
80-1
O
Q.
ill
IU
O.
S
60-
40 -
Engineering Business, Agriculture, EnvSci, Social Other
Comm, Law. Health & Bio Physical Science Disciplines
Public Aff Sciences Science
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Page 5-10
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF REGULATORY
MANAGEMENT AND EVALUATION
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LEADERSHIP
Thomas E. Kelly
Director
Prior to becoming Office Director, Tom Kelly held
Division Director and Branch Chief positions in
OPPE's Program Evaluation Division. Prior to
joining EPA in 1978. he worked for the U.S.
Department of Commerce and for HEW. Tom
received his B-A. from Wesleyan University and an
M.A. in Sociology from American University.
Wendy Cleland-Hamnett
Deputy Director
Wendy has worked at EPA for thirteen years. She
was a Special Assistant to the Administrator and
Deputy Administrator, focusing on pesticides and
toxics, research, science, and risk assessment
Issues. She has held management and staff
positions in the Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances. Wendy received her B.A. from
Earlham College and her J.D. from George Wash-
ington University.
FUNCTIONS
Directs planning and management of all Agency rule-making and data collection, including
liaison between EPA and OMB for Executive Order reviews.
a
a
Promotes efficient and effective policies through objective, thorough, and analytically sound
program evaluations and studies conducted for Agency managers.
Promotes the effective use of scientific information to manage risks, identifies policy assump-
tions used to develop Agency risk assessments, and analyzes the policy implications of
alternative scientific approaches.
Promotes development, use, and evaluation of effective risk communication methods.
Improves the Agency's effectiveness in addressing multi-media problems by managing the
cross-media clusters project.
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Office Profiles
Office of Policy, Planning and EvoJuation
Page 5-11
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Paul R. Lapsley. Director
Regulatory Management Division
Paul Lapsley has served as the Director of the Information and Regulatory Systems Division and the
Deputy Director in the Pesticides Program. In his fifteen years with the Agency, he has held staff and
management positions in the Offices of Pesticides and Toxic Substances and Air and Radiation. Before
joining EPA, he worked with Xerox and Sperry Rand. Paul received his B.S. from the State University
of New York and his M.S. in Public Administration from the University of Rochester.
Pamela Stirling, Director
Program Evaluation Division
A graduate of Connecticut College, Pam Stirling began her work at EPA in 1971. She has been in the
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation since 1985. serving as the Deputy Director for the Regulatory
Integration Division, as Policy Director for the Office of Pollution Prevention, and as Deputy Office
Director for the Office of Strategic Planning and Pollution Prevention. She was also the senior Special
Assistant to Terry Davies. former Assistant Administrator for OPPE.
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Page 5-12
Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF POLICY ANALYSIS
ft;'-.
Office of Policy
Analysis
Climate Change
Division
Economic Analysis and
Innovations Division
Waste and
Chemical Policy Division
Water and
Agricultural Policy
Division
. .
^X
Air and Energy Policy
Division
LEADERSHIP
Maryann B. Froehlich
Acting Director
Maryann Froehlich has served in policy
development and policy analysis positions since
coming to EPA in 1980. Maryann served as
Director of the Waste and Chemical Policy Division
from 1989 to 1991, when she became Acting
Director of Policy Analysis. Previous positions
included Director of the Regulatory Integration
Division and Chief of the Waste Policy Branch.
Prior to coming to OPPE, Maryann served as
Special Assistant to the Administrator and as a
policy analyst in OSWER's Superfund office. Before
coming to EPA, she worked for the U.S. Coast
Guard oil spill response program. Maryann is a
graduate of Harvard University's Kennedy School
of Government.
Daniel J. Fiorino
Associate Director
Dan Fiorino's previous positions in EPA's policy office were Senior Policy Advisor to the Assistant
Administrator. Director of the Information and Regulatory Systems Division, and Chief of the
Regulation Management Branch. Before joining EPA in 1978, he was Assistant Professor of Political
Science at Middlebury College. Dan holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from Johns Hopkins University
and has written and taught on environmental, regulatory, and public policy issues.
FUNCTIONS
Q Provides policy and regulatory impact analyses on major issues.
Q Analyzes the economic and environmental effects of regulations, policies, programs, and
legislation.
Q Develops and validates new methods for benefits and cost analyses.
Q Evaluates the combined impacts of EPA's regulations on different sectors of the economy and
the implications for international trade and competitiveness.
Q Analyzes climate change policies and develops options for dealing with global warming;
supports EPA's participation In international activities, including forestry issues.
Q Works with other Federal agencies to integrate environmental protection measures into energy,
agriculture, transportation, land, and water resource policies and programs.
Q .Promotes the analysis and use of market incentives in environmental programs.
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Office Profiles Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation Page 5-13
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Donn J. Viviani, Acting Director
Waste and Chemical Policy Division
Donn Viviani has worked in four EPA programs: Waste, Toxics, Water, and Policy. He has been Acting
Director of the Waste and Chemical Policy Division since July, 1991. Previously, he was Chief, Pesticide
Policy Branch; Chief, Pesticides and Toxics Branch; Chief, Chemical Integration Branch; and Desk
Officer, Hazardous Waste Criteria and Identification. Donn served as Chairman of two bilateral
committees: The IntemationalJoint Commission's Coordinating Committee and the IJC Water Quality
Board's Toxic Substances Committee, and has served as EPA's technical expert/representative on
exposure and fate for other international groups. Donn has a Ph.D. in Chemistry from George
Washington University and has attended Georgetown University and Stevens Institute of Technology.
Robert M. Wolcott, Director
Water and Agricultural Policy Division
Rob Wolcott is an economist with nearly twenty years experience in research, education, and
management, primarily in the fields of environment, energy, and public finance. Rob has served as the
Director of the Environmental Resource Economics Division and as Special Assistant for Policy to the
Administrator and Deputy Administrator, focusing primarily on air and water quality management. In
addition, Rob previously served as Director of the Public Interest Economics Foundation; as an
economist in EPA's San Francisco office; and as Director of a major urban development project in
Cincinnati. Ohio.
Alex Cristofaro. Director
Air and Energy Policy Division
A graduate of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government and Dartmouth College, Alex Cristofaro has
been at EPA since 1979, having previously served as Director of the Atmospheric and Economic
Analysis Division.
Dennis A. Tirpak, Director
Climate Change Division
Dennis Tirpak has served as the Director of the Global Climate Division since 1985. He is responsible
for global forest activities, international energy programs, economic benefit analyses, and state
programs. He is a member of the U.S. Climate Change delegation to international climate negotiations
and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Dennis first joined the Agency in 1971 and held
several positions in the Office of Research and Development, including Director of the Office of
Exploratory Research and Director of the Acid Rain Precipitation Program. While in the private sector,
he managed air pollution programs for Texaco, was a Presidential Executive with Alcola, and an
environmental consultant with EG & G Inc. Dennis graduated from Catholic University with a Master's
degree in Applied Mechanics.
Albert M. McGartland. Acting Director
Economic Analysis and Innovations Division
Albert McGartland is the Director of the Economic Analysis and Innovations Division. Immediately
prior to joining EPA,' he was a Vice President at Abt Associates, a public policy consulting firm. He also
served as an Assistant Chief of the Natural Resources Branch in the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget. In addition, he was the staff economist to Vice
President Bush's Task Force on Regulatory Relief where he examined a number of regulatory issues.
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Page 5-14
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF STRATEGIC PLANNING AND
ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
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Environmental Data
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Environmental Statistics
and Information
Division
LEADERSHIP
Elizabeth S. LaRoe
Acting Director
Betsy LaRoe Is the Acting Director of the Office of
Strategic Planning and Environmental Data. Until
recently, she served as a Special Assistant to the
Administrator and Deputy Administrator for is-
sues related to strategic planning, budgeting, and
water programs. Leading up to that assignment,
Betsy spent ten years in EPA's water programs.
Before coming to EPA she worked at both the state
and local levels in Florida. Betsy holds an un-
dergraduate degree from the University of Southern
California, and a Master's degree in Public Admin-
istration with a major in economics from Louisi-
ana State University.
Art Koines
Deputy Director _
Art Koines has served as Deputy Director since 1990. Priorto his current appointment. Art heloTseveral
staff and management positions In OPPE and OSWER dating back to 1981. Before that time he served
as an Econometrician at the Department of Commerce, Economic Development Administration. Art
is a graduate of Gettysburg College and George Washington University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Manages the Agency's strategic quality planning and management activities, including
assessing future environmental trends, setting long-term environmental goals, integrating
strategic planning and budgeting, and designing and implementing state-of-the-art perfor-
mance measurement systems to track the Agency's progress.
Q Serves as the Agency's center of excellence In environmental statistics, including: data
acquisition, analysis, and integration; interpretation of statistical trends; and design of state-
of-the-art visual presentation methods.
Q Defines indicators and environmental statistics for measuring progress against national
environmental goals.
Q Supports comparative risk and risk-based strategic planning and management efforts of
regional, state, and local environmental programs.
Q Publishes annual environmental progress reports, as well as periodic assessments of the state
of the environment.
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Office Profiles
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Page 5-15
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Robert S. Currie, Director
Strategic Planning and Management Division
Bob Currie serves as Director of the Strategic Planning and Management .Division. In this role. Bob
spearheads the Agency's efforts to bring risk-based priority setting to the forefront of the Agency's
planning and management processes. Prior to this position. Bob assisted in the development of risk
and risk-reduction methodologies, and directed several pilot projects. Before Joining EPA, Bob worked
with the Peace Corps where, over ten years, he developed and implemented programs in several
countries.
N. Phillip Ross, Director
Environmental Statistics and Information Division
Phil Ross Is the Director of the Environmental Statistics and Information Division. He represents EPA
on the OMB Heads of Statistical Agencies, the CEQ's Interagency Committee on Environmental Trends
(Co-chair of the Subcommittee on Reporting); past Chair of the American Statistical Association's
Section on Environment and Statistics; represented the Agency on the OECD Group on the State of the
Environment (Chair of the Group for the last five years); and has represented the Agency on a number
of inter-agency committees on environmental statistics and information. Phil has been with EPA since
1979 and has worked as a senior statistician, Chief of the Statistical Policy Branch, and Director,
Center for Environmental Statistics Development. Phil has a Ph.D. in statistics from the University of
Maryland.
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Page 5-16
Office of Policy, Planning and. Evaluation
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1-17A Domestic Travel
1- 17B International Travel
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1-22 Regulation and Paperwork Management
1-30 Freedom of Information
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1-45 Intergovernmental Review Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 50 CFR 29
1 - 47 Grants and Cooperative Agreements for Economic and Social Science Research, Statistical
Research, Statistical Studies, and Surveys
1-48 Request for Information from Other Federal Agencies
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
1-60 Assistance Agreements for Pollution Prevention
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT (SWDAJ
8-41 Assistance Agreements for Source Reduction and Recycling Technical Assistance
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Office Profiles
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Page 5-17
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1970
Office of Planning and Management
1977
^ 1979
Audit
Administration
i
Management &
Agency Services
I
on
&
;s
Resources
Management.
Planr
Evatu
to Staff Office
1981
Assistant Administrator
for Administration
Personnel and
Organization
Fiscal & Contracts
Management
Mgt Info &
Support Services
Administration
Cincinnati, OH
Administration
RTF. N.C.
1983
Assistant Administrator
for Administration &
Resources Management
added
1984.
Administration
Information
Resources
Human
Resources
Management
Comptroller
Administration
Clnn. Ohio
Administration
RTF, N.C.
1988
1991
1992
Associate Administrator
for Policy and
Resource Management
Comptroller
Mgt Systems
& Evaluations
Legislation
I
Policy Analysis
Standards &
Regulations
to Staff Office
Assistant Administrator
for Policy, Planning
and Evaluation
Mgt. Systems
& Evaluation
Standards &
Regulations
Policy
Analysis
Pollution
Prevention
to OPPTS
Policy
Analysis
Regulatory
Management
and Evaluation
Strategic Plan-
ning and Envi-
ronmental Data
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Page 5-18 Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator. William Ruckelshaus.
published an organizational order providing for the five principal categorical programs: air, water, solid
waste, radiation and pesticides, to be retained individually under the management of commissioners.
The order also designated three Assistant Administrators for Planning and Management, Standards
and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and Monitoring.
The Office of Planning and Management is the organizational root of today's Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation. With inherited staff from the Department of Health and Human Service's Environ-
mental Health Service and the Environmental Control Administration, the Office of Planning and
Management undertook the development and management of the Agency's goals in policy, resources
management, and administration. This initial management function consisted of four offices:
Administration, Audit, Resources Management, and Planning and Evaluation.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The organizational evolution of the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation and the Office of
Administration and Resources Management are inseparable. In EPA's eighteen year history, these two
functions were combined from 1970 to 1981, split from 1981 to 1983, and transferred functions during
a reorganization in 1983. The evolution reflects the management preference of the Administrator at
the time. A brief overview of this history follows.
hi 1971, a permanent organizational structure for EPA was announced. The five principal categorical
programs were realigned under two Assistant Administrators and the Assistant Administrators for the
three functional areas were retained. At this time, the Office of Planning and Management was officially
established at the Assistant Administrator level. Specifically, the Office developed the Agency's first
planning and evaluation, budget, personnel and information systems. It managed archives, grant and
contracting policy, and administrative support services.
In 1981, EPA underwent an extensive reorganization which affected the functional areas of Planning
and Management as well as Enforcement and Compliance. The Planning and Management function
was split, creating the Office of Administration and the Office of Policy and Resources Management.
That Office of Policy and Resources Management is the precursor to today's Office of Policy, Planning
and Evaluation. It was created from planning, evaluation and resource functions inherited from the
Office of Planning and Management. Legislative functions were inherited from the Office of the
Administrator. This new Office of Policy and Resources Management was organized with five major
components: Comptroller, Policy Analysis, Management Systems and Evaluation, Standards and
Regulations, and Legislation.
Two years later, in 1983, another reorganization took place. The AAship for Foiicy, Planning and
Resources Management's legislative function was transferred to a new AAship, the Office of External
Affairs. Its resources (or budget) function was transferred to the AAship for Administration (retitled at
this time the Office of Administration and Resources Management).
As a result of the 1983 reorganization, the Office of Policy, Planning and Resources Management was
streamlined creating the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation, consisting of three offices:
Management Systems and Evaluation, Policy Analysis, and Standards and Regulations.
In 1988, OPPE reorganized to make room for a Pollution Prevention Office. The creation of the Pollution
Prevention Office demonstrated the Agency's leadership role and commitment io source reduction by
creating an organization that would promote, coordinate, and integrate a cross-media approach to
pollution reduction within and outside the Agency.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation Page 5-19
The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 meant yet another restructuring for OPPE. As a result of that
legislation, and to bring more emphasis to the program, in 1991, the Pollution Prevention Division was
transferred to the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances -- later renamed the Office of Prevention,
Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. OPPE reorganized in 1992 to restore balance to its organizational
structure and to bring together key related activities following the departure of the Pollution Prevention
program.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation retains its 1992 reorganization of three offices: Policy
Analysis, Regulatory Management and Evaluation, arid Strategic Planning and Environmental Data.
-------
INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
-------
Section 6
OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES
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FUNCTIONS
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a
Develops policies and procedures for the direction of the Agency's international programs and
activities, subject to U.S. foreign policy.
Participates in negotiating agreements relating to international environmental cooperation
with foreign countries and international organizations.
Conducts continuing evaluations of the Agency's international activities.
Manages environmental technical assistance programs abroad.
-------
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
Page 6-2
LEADERSHIP
Timothy B. Atkeson. Assistant Administrator
Office of International Activities
Tim Atkeson has been in his current position since 1989. Prior to this, he was a partner in the law firm
of Steptoe and Johnson; General Counsel to the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment;
General Counsel to the President's Council on Environmental Quality; and General Counsel to the
Asian Development Bank. Manila. Philippines. Tim has a BJV. degree from Haverford College, a
Master's degree from Oxford University (Rhodes Scholar) and a J.D. from Yale University.
Alan D. Hecht
Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator
Alan Hecht was appointed to this position in August. 1992. after serving as Deputy Assistant
Administrator for three years. Previous to these assignments. Alan was Director, National Climate
Program Office at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of
Commerce; Director. Climate Dynamics Program, National Science Foundation; and Professor of
Geology, West Georgia College. He has a B.S. from Brooklyn College and a Ph.D. from Case Western
Reserve University.
Theodore E. Russell
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Ted Russell is a senior Foreign Service Officer on temporary assignment to EPA from the State
Department. He previously served as Director. International Cooperation Division. Prior to joining EPA
In July, 1991, Ted held a number of positions In the U.S. Foreign Service, including Deputy Chief of
Mission in Prague. Czechoslovakia; Deputy Chief of Mission In Copenhagen, Denmark; and Deputy
Director for European Regional Political and Economic Affairs. He has a B.A. from Yale University and
a Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from the Fletcher School.
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
EPA has broad authority to cooperate with other entitles, including: Section 103 of the Clean Air Act,
Sec. 104 of the Clean Water Act, and Sec. 17 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA). supplemented, as appropriate, in the International arena, by Sec.l02(2)(F) of the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). EPA may provide financial assistance for certain types of
international activities under such statutes as Sec. 10 of the Toxic Substances Control Act and Sec. 20
of FIFRA. supplemented, as appropriate, by Sec. 102(2)(F) of NEPA. There are various statutes which
give EPA authority to render technical assistance on an international basis, (e.g., Sec. 8001 of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Sec. 104 of the Clean Water Act, and Sec. 103 of the
Clzszi Air Act, supplemented, as appropriate, by Sec.l02(2)(F) of NEPA) v
Among EPA's legal authorities addressing specific environmental problems are: Sec. 815 of Public Law
101-549 (uncodifled), Sec. 3017 of RCRA, and Sec. 510 of Public Law 100-4 (uncodifled) (U.S.-Mexlco
Border): Executive Order 12757 and 7 U.S.C. Sec. 1738 (NAFTA); Sec. 603 of Public Law 101-549
(uncodified), Sec. 617 of the Clean Air Act; Sec.llOS(c) of the Global Climate Protection Act; Sec.
102(a)(D) of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act; and Sec. 502(b) of the Support for
Eastern European Democracy Act for Poland and Hungary.
In addition, EPA carries out international activities under Executive agreements, e.g., the 1983 U.S.-
Mexico Border Environmental Agreement and the 1989 U.S.-Mexico Agreement on the Environment
of Mexico City.
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Office Profiles Office of International Activities Page 6-3
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL LEADERSHIP
Among the most pressing environmental issues confronting the new Administration will be those with
global implications: wanning of the global atmosphere, depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer,
marine pollution, environmental degradation in the Antarctic and the Arctic, and the loss of forests and
biological diversity throughout the world. EPA is already playing a leading role In developing and
implementing global environmental agreements; strengthening international environmental institu-
tions; and mobilizing international technical and financial resources in support of global environmen-
tal objectives.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
EPA plays a critical role In building capacity for sound environmental management and implementa-
tion of global accords throughout Eastern Europe, Russia and the Newly Independent States, and the
developing world. EPA provides the technical foundation for bilateral and multilateral programs such
as the Support for Eastern European Democracy (SEED) Act; the U.S.-Asia Environmental Partner-
ship; the U.S.-Mexico Border Plan; and the UNDP follow-up activities to the Rio Conference and the
Capacity 21 initiative. Using cooperative research and development, exchange of technical experts,
information dissemination, and training, EPA should continue to support activities In areas such as
emergency response, environmental impact assessment, ozone protection, enforcement, and air,
water, and waste management. Witn agreements In place with over twenty countries, EPA constantly
receives more requests for technical assistance than it can provide. Emergency response requests are
typically responded to in consultation with the State Department. Unforeseen efforts are funded
through depleting the Agency operating program accounts, most specifically the travel account.
INTEGRATING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. ECONOMIC GROWTH. AND EXPORT ASSIS-
TANCE
The development of mutually reinforcing environmental and economic policies and programs Is central
to the pursuit of sustainable development. EPA is promoting the integration of environmental and
economic Interests In trade agreements, such as NAFTA and GATT. EPA can play a critical role in
enhancing the export of U.S. environmental technologies, goods, and services through its technical
assistance programs. By promoting high standards of environmental management and strong
enforcement abroad, EPA can create a favorable climate for U.S. Industry. In cooperation with the
Department of Commerce, AID, and other agencies, EPA is trying to foster a more coherent program
of export assistance.
DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Environmental action and awareness have been at the leading edge of the democratic revolutions that
have swept over Central and Eastern Europe in the last few years. Many of the original environmental
organizations have grown and matured and contain some of the youngest and brightest democratic
leaders in their countries. The Agency needs to focus U.S. assistance efforts toward activities that have
environmental advantages as well as democratic institutional benefits, such as public access to
environmental Information and public participation in the decision-making process.
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Page 6-4
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
12
10
$P_
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
100
80
60
40
20
54
1984 19B5
1967 1988
1993
The Office of International Activities (OIA) was established in 1989 to lead the
Agency's international environmental efforts.
The increase in resources from 1989 to 1993 reflects the Agency's expanded
commitments to international environmental issues for Rio follow-up, NAFTA, the
Mexican Border, and Eastern European activities.
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Office Profiles
Office of International Activities
Page 6-5
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1993
IHQ O REGIONS
Workyears
1993
I HOD REGIONS
All of OIA's resources are managed through Headquarters.
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Page 6-6
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
INPM
Request
1991
1992
1993
OMB I
Request I
I President's
I Budget
Operating
Plan
Workyears
100
80
60
40
20
o1-
J I
13E3
Prior to 1989, the Office of International Activities was located within the Office of
the Administrator.
OLA received additional resources during FY 1992 to fund increased international
activities for Rio, NAFTA, and other international priorities.
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Office Profiles
Office of International Activities
Page 6-7
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Dollars in Millions
S10
$0
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating I ISuperfund/
Programs I 1 LUST
Workyears
1993 Pros Bud
1994 OMB Request
IOperaflno
PTOQFEUHS
ISupetfund/
JLUST
The increase in the 1994 OMB request is for significant expansion of the Agency's
international commitments, particularly for NAFTA, the Rio Conference, and
Mexican Border activities.
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Page 6-8
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OIA
8.20%
13.1 1
21.31
44.26%
13.1
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Office Profiles
Office of International Activities
Page 6-9
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OP COLLEGE GRABS
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Engineering Business, Agriculture, EnvSci,
Corrim, Law, Health & Bio Physical
Public Aff Sciences Science
Social Other
Science Disciplines
-------
Page 6-10
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Wilson A. Rlley, Jr.
Acting Director, International Cooperation Division
Wilson Riley Is a Foreign Service Officer on temporary assignment to EPA from the State Department.
He previously served as Chief. Bilateral Branch (Industrialized Countries). Prior to joining EPA. Wilson
held a number of positions in the U.S. Foreign Service, including Deputy Director. Office of Diplomatic
and Public Initiatives; Assistant Chief, Special Trade Activities Division; Environmental Affairs Officer,
Office of Canadian Affairs; Economic Officer, U.S. Embassy. Ottawa, Canada; and Consular Officer
positions In Monterrey and Tijuana. Mexico. He has a B A. from Trinity College and a Master of Public
Administration from Harvard University.
Alan B. Sielen
Acting Director, International Issues Division
In addition to his responsibilities as Acting Director of the International Issues Division. Alan Sielen
is Chief of the Multilateral Branch. His previous positions Include Director, Functions Staff; and
Director, Oceans and Regulatory Division, both In the Office of International Activities. Alan received
his A.B. from the University of California, Berkeley and a MA. from Johns Hopkins University.
Joan Fidler
Director, Program Operations Division
Joan Fidler has been in her current position since 1991. Prior to this, she was Senior Budget Officer
for the Office of International Activities, and a Program Analyst for the Office of Information Resources
Management in EPA. Her other positions include Director, Management Services Division, Interna-
tional Trade Administration, and Director of Administration, Bureau of Industrial Economics, both
with the Department of Commerce; and Director of Accounting Operations. International City
Management Association. Joan was selected to and served in the Government of India's Administrative
Service. She holds a B.A. from Osmania University, a M.A. from Panjab University, and a Master of
Public Administration from The American University.
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Office Profiles
Office of International Activities
Page 6-11
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-3 Occupational Health and Safety
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1 -17-A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1-17-B International Travel Authorizations
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1-30 Freedom of Information
1-42 Foreign Residence Requirement Waivers
1-43 Original Classification of Information at the "Confidential" Level
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1-45 Intergovernmental Review of Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 40 CFR Part 29
1-48 Request for Information from Other Federal Agenices
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreement
1-63 Grants and Cooperative Agreements Relating to International Agreements
-------
Page 6-12
Office of International Activities
Office Profiles
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1983
Administrator
Deputy Administrator
*
Associate Adrnlnlstra*
tor for International
Activities
1989
Office of International
Activities
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
The Office of International Affairs was established In the Administrator's Office in 1970. In 1971 the
name was changed to Office of International Activities, while it still remained in the Administrator's
Office. International Activities became an Associate Administratorship in 1983. The Office of
International Activities was created In 1989 when it was elevated from an Associate Administratorship
In the Office of the Administrator to an Assistant Administratorship, In order to provide both focus and
visibility to the growing international mandate of EPA.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The Office of International Activities is currently in the process of being reorganised to accommodate
its evolution from a coordinating and advisory office to one which increasingly manages programs with
major operational significance.
-------
INSPECTOR GENERAL
-------
Section 7
OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL
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FUNCTIONS I
The EPA Office of Inspector General (OIG) was established in January. 1980. It is headed by an
Inspector General, who is appointed by the President, without regard to political affiliation, and
functions through three major Offices, each headed by an Assistant Inspector General: Office of Audit,
Office of Investigations, and Office of Management.
Q Provides policy direction for and conducts, coordinates and supervises audits and investiga-
tions relating to EPA programs and operations.
Q Reviews EPA financial transactions, program operations, and administrative activities to
identify and prevent possible fraud, waste, and abuse in EPA programs and operations.
Q Investigates allegations or evidence of possible criminal and civil violations, reports directly to
the Attorney General for possible prosecutive action when there is reasonable belief that
criminal laws have been violated, and refers such cases within EPA for possible administrative
actions.
Q Reviews existing and proposed legislation and regulations and recommends policies to promote
economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of EPA programs and operations.
~ Keeps the Administrator and Congress informed of problems and deficiencies in the Agency and
recommends corrective actions.
Q Implements protective security for the Administrator and directs the Agency's personnel
security program.
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Page 7-2
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
John C. Martin
Inspector General
John Martin is a career member of the Senior Executive Service and has served as the Inspector General
of EPA since 1983. Before joining EPA, John served as the Assistant Inspector General for
Investigations at the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Prior to that, he was a
Special Agent and Special Agent Supervisor with the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 1971 to
1981. Before joining the Federal service, he worked as the Deputy City Manager and Assistant to the
City Managerin two eastern cities. He earned his B.S. degree from Kings College, and his M.P A. degree
from the University of Maryland.
Anna Hopkins Vlrbick
Deputy Inspector General
Anna Virbick has served as the Deputy Inspector General since 1989, after having served as the
Assistant Inspector General for Management. Anna joined EPA in 1983 as Director of the Audit
Technical Services Staff. Prior to that, she worked for the HUD Office of Inspector General where she
held several managerial positions, the last as Assistant Director for Field Audit Operations. She began
her Federal career in 1965 as an auditor with the U.S. General Accounting Office. Anna earned a B.S.
degree from West Virginia Wesleyan College, an M.P.A. from The American University, and an M.Ed.
from Marymount University.
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY
The Inspector General Act of 1978, as amended, provided for the statutory establishment of Inspectors
General appointed by the President in 26 Departments and Agencies. The Act consolidated
investigative and audit resources in an independent organization headed by Inspectors General. The
law provides for the independence of the Inspectors General in initiating and coordinating audits and
investigations in their respective agencies. It also requires them to report their findings to Agency
management and Congress. Statutory Inspectors General, as in EPA, are nonpartisan professionals,
appointed by the President, and can only be removed by the President with notice to Congress.
The Inspector General reports directly to the Administrator, and has the authority to issue subpoenas,
obtain access to any Agency materials, select and appoint OIG employees, and enter into contracts for
services and support.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-3
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
The following are major issues and results from recent audits and investigations by the Office of the
Inspector General.
CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
EPA relies extensively on contractors to assist in carrying out its mission to clean up past pollution
problems, develop national policy, and set the environmental agenda for the future. As a result of our
audits and the efforts of others over the past year, EPA senior managers have initiated steps to improve
the Agency's management of contracts. In addition to correcting specific contract deficiencies reported
by the OIG, EPA established a high level standing committee to conduct a broad-based review of its
contracting activities. The committee recommended corrective actions for many of the Agency's basic
contract management problems. We will continue to monitor the Agency's implementation of these
recommendations over the next several years. Also, the Assistant Administrator for Administration
and Resources Management has expended significant effort to improve EPA's contract management
activities. There are three areas vital to effective contract management: the procurement process,
management of contractors, and audit of contractors' cost claims.
Procurement Process. There is a dangerous tendency in EPA for the perceived urgency of program
needs to prevail over good procurement practices, as illustrated by the following examples:
Q EPA awarded $21 million in scientific support services contracts for its Duluth laboratory
without investigating potential conflicts of interest between the contractor and EPA Duluth
officials.
Q Du e to inefficient contracting practices EPA could pay up to $8.4 million over decreasing market
prices for microcomputer workstations and other ADP equipment and $2.3 million more than
actually incurred by the contractor for operating expenses.
Management of Contractors. In September, 1992, EPA had 790 contracts with obligations of $3
billion. Under these contracts, EPA had more than 25,000 active work, assignments, including
modifications, describing the work to be performed by its contractors. Two recent audits showed:
Q A general laissez-faire culture that affected EPA's management of a support contract with a 5-
year term and a maximum value of $347 million resulted in (1) lessened EPA control over critical
program activities; (2) the creation of a personal services relationship between the contractor
and EPA; (3) the contractor's performance of inherently governmental functions; (4) potential
conflict of interest situations; and (5) ineffective and inefficient use of Agency resources.
Q Poor contractor performance and EPA management delayed the cleanup of hazardous waste
sites under the Alternative Remedial Contracting Strategy (ARCS) program in Regions 1,3, and
5.
Audit of Contractors' Cost Claims. There is a substantial backlog of Agency requests for audits of
contractors. In September, 1992, EPA had 1,872 contracts with obligations of $4.9 billion whose
performance period had expired, but had not been closed out. As of August 31, 1992, the Agency had
about 450 outstanding incurred cost audit requests. Almost 90 percent of EPA's contracting dollars
are spent on cost-reimbursable contracts which provide few incentives for contractors to control costs.
To provide additional audit coverage, the OIG has several initiatives underway, including assuming
cognizance for major EPA contractors, hiring additional financial auditors, and implementing an
expanded contract audit strategy.
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
The IG has repeatedly reported that EPA's accounting systems do not provide complete, consistent,
reliable, and timely data for Agency decision-making. While EPA has devoted considerable time to
improving the Agency's overall performance in this area, results are less than anticipated.
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Page 7-4 Office of the Inspector General Office Profiles
INVESTIGATIVE RESULTS
The Inspector General has identified fraud by contractors involving cost mlscharging. product
substitution, falsification of test results, and cost and pricing data. Our major initiative in the
Superfund program directed at fraud in the Contracts Laboratory Program has resulted to date in 29
indictments, 27 convictions, and $5.9 million in fines and recoveries. Recently, as a result of our
investigative efforts, a major Superfund contractor pled guilty to six felony violations and was ordered
to pay $11.6 million in fines and penalties, which is the largest criminal case ever prosecuted under
the Superfund statute. Other recent actions, including the indictment and conviction of a company
for fraud associated with a $67.3 million Agency computer supply contract, reflect our emphasis on
pursuing fraud against EPA by its contractors and subcontractors. -Future investigative work will help
to maintain the integrity of EPA employees and programs by investigating fraud involving EPA's
contractors, subcontractors, and cooperative agreements.
SCIENTIFIC DATA INTEGRITY
The accuracy and reliability of scientific data have always been crucial to EPA's mission as a regulatory
agency because it forms the basis for decisions that affect all major American industries and national
policies to prevent hazards and risks to health and safety. However, audits and investigations show
that EPA is not always getting the research for which it pays, nor is such research always accurate or
objective.
INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
Information management is critical to the success of all program activities. Despite extensive criticism
over the last 12 years, EPA's program is still hampered by many problems including: 1) significant cost
overruns and delays in developing and implementing information systems; 2) material data quality
deficiencies; 3) development of duplicate information systems; 4) failure to economically manage
mainframe storage devices; 5) exposure of the Agency's most sensitive information systems to access
by unauthorized users; and 6) lack of Agency assurance that automated data program support services
contracts are being implemented effectively, efficiently, and at the lowest cost to the Government.
ENFORCEMENT
While EPA management has worked diligently to improve EPA's enforcement program, additional
efforts and attention are still needed. During fiscal 1991 and 1992, IG audits of EPA's water, pesticide,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. and Superfund programs disclosed continuing instances of
ineffective Federal and state enforcement. 'EPA and the states did not take appropriate action against
unpermitted discharges. In other cases, EPA and the states did not enforce consent agreements.
Finally, EPA was not making effective use of civil and administrative penalties which punish the
violators and deter future violations.
CONSTRUCTION GRANTS
EPA's wastewater treatment construction grant program is the largest single program the Agency
administers. Currently, there are more than 2,900 active construction grants representing more than
$20 billion of unaudited Federal funds at various state and local agencies across the country. EPA
provides grants to municipal agencies to assist in financing the construction of wastewater treatment
plants. During the last two years, the IG has issued more than 275 reports which questioned more
than $510 million of claims related to ineligible, costs, unsupported costs, and -unnecessary/
unreasonable costs. Costs questioned as unnecessary/unreasonable were related to: I) claims for
equipment not needed or facilities never built: 3nrl ">} engineering problems preveiiiiiig timely
completion or proper operation of the plant. During fiscal year 1991, our office questioned almost $45
for every $1 we expended for such audits. Agency officials sustained nearly 80 percent of the
questionable ineligible costs and indicated they would recover ormake better use of some $112 million
of Federal funds.
SUPERFUND PROGRAM
Over the six years since passage of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), the Superfund program has responded to continuing concern over the speed and effectiveness
of cleanups with a series of new initiatives. The latest major new initiative, begun in the Spring of 1992,
is the Superfund Accelerated Cleanup Model. EPA has paid more than $ 1 billion a year tc contractors
to work In a" phases uf Lhc program, lu audits have repeatedly found that the Agency's management
of Superfund needed improvement, particularly in: 1) management of procurement and contracts
administration; 2) enforcement against potentially responsible parties; 3) investigation of contamina-
tion and selection of remedies; and 4) responsiveness of EPA to address threats to public health and
environment in a timely and appropriate manner.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-5
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
1984 1985
1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
600
500 -
400 -
300 -
1934 1985 1986 1987
Increased Agency emphasis on accountability led to investment in new workyears
and dollars for OIG.
The Law Enforcement Pay Reform Act of 1990 dramatically raised the cost of OIG's
workforce.
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Page 7-6
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)'
$17
1984
1334
Dollars in Millions
$41
IHQD REGIONS
Workyears
461
B KQ n REGIONS
1993
1993
All of OIG's resources are managed through Headquarters.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-7
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1990
INPM
1991
1992
1993
iOMB HI President's I I Operating
i Request Hil Budget I 1 Plan
1989
Workyears
1999
1991
1992
1993
INPM I
Request!
OMB HH President's I I Operating
Request iHl Budget I 1 Plan
Agency has generally endorsed OIG's increased request for staff and funds. OMB
and Congress have reduced OIG's budget commensurate with reductions in the rest
of the Agency's budget.
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Page 7-8
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
60
50
40
30
20
10
600
Dollars in Millions
so
so
1993 President's Bud
1994 OMB Revest
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
536
1993 PresideSo But!
1994 OMB Request
I Operating I I Superfund/
Programs I I LUST
OIG is investing heavily in strengthening its ability to monitor the Agency's handling
of contractors. This includes tighter scrutiny of Superfund ARCS contracts.
The OIG Appropriation is considered an operating program. However, the
appropriation does receive funding from the Hazardous Substance Response Trust
Fund to support Superfund work.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-9
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OIG
7.71%
Less
Than
HS -0.53%
17.55%
18.35%
[[[rs.
IIiii!!iMaSterS/JD iijijiiiiis
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Page 7-10
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRADS
tn
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o.
uj
200 i
150-
100-
50-
iiliiii
mm m
Engineering Business, Agriculture, Env Sci,
Comm, Law, Health & Bio Physical
Public Aff Sciences Science
Social Other
Science Disciplines
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-11
OFFICE OF AUDIT
Office of Audit
Policy and Resource
Management
Division
Acquisition
Assistance Staff
Special Review
and Projects
Unit
Technical Assistance
Division
Internal and
Performance Audit
Staff
LEADERSHIP
Kenneth A. Konz
Assistant Inspector General
Ken Konz has served as the Assistant Inspector
General for Audit since January, 1990. Prior to
his appointment, he served as the Deputy Assis-
tant for the Office of Audit, and has worked in an
audit capacity In EPA since the Agency was formed.
He was Director of EPA's Eastern Audit Division,
and was on special assignment as Special Assis-
tant to the Commissioner of the New Jersey De-
partment of Environmental Protection. Ken re-
ceived a B.S. from the University of Denver.
James O. Rauch
Deputy Assistant Inspector General
Prior to becoming the Deputy Assistant Inspector
General, Jim Rauch served as Director of Technical
Assistance and Director of Audit Operations. He
started at EPA as an Auditor in 1973. Jim began
his Federal service in 1967 as an officer in the U.S.
Air Force. He is a graduate of the University of
Arkansas and received an M.B.A. at George Mason
University. Jim is a Certified Public Accountant.
FUNCTIONS
Plans and conducts Internal audits and reviews to:
O Improve the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness of Agency programs and operations.
O Detect and prevent instances of fraud, waste, or abuse.
O Evaluate the adequacy of internal controls.
O Verify compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
Performs financial and compliance audits and reviews of organizations receiving grants and
contracts from EPA. At present, most attention is given to wastewater construction grants and
contracts with commercial businesses. These audits serve to ensure that EPA:
O
O
O
Actually received the goods or services ordered and that the grantee/contractor actually
complied with the terms of their payment.
Was charged for only those amounts properly allowable.
Performs the required financial statement audit of EPA and revolving funds.
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Page 7-12 Office of the Inspector General Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
HEADQUARTERS
Elissa R. Karpf, Director
Audit Operations
Lisa Karpf has been the Director since September, 1989, responsible for supervising the financial and
performance audit activities of the OIG. Prior to this, she was the Chief. Performance Audit Unit,
responsible for monitoring and overseeing all performance audits performed by the OIG. Lisa also
worked in the Mid-Atlantic and Internal Audit Divisions. She received a B.BJV. from Temple University.
The position of Director, Audit Operations is transitional until the new reorganization becomes fully
effective.
Kenneth D. Hockman
Director, Policy and Resources Management Division
Ken Hockman has been the Director, Planning and Resources Management Division since November,
1990. Prior to that, he served five years as the Divisional Inspector General for Audit for the Internal
Audit Division. He Joined EPA's Office of Inspector General in 1984 as Chief. Field Operations Division,
Audit Operations Staff after serving fourteen years as an Auditor with the General Accounting Office.
Ken earned his B.B.A. from Roanoke College and M.P.A. from the University of Northern Colorado.
Gordon C. Milbourn m, Director
Technical Assistance Division
Gordon Milbourn has been with EPA since 1987, serving in various audit capacities in both
Headquarters and the field. Prior to joining EPA, he worked for the IRS Internal Audit Division and the
Naval Audit Service. Gordon received a B.S. from the University of Virginia, and has done graduate
work at the Defense Systems Management College and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University. He is a Certified Internal Auditor and a member of the Institute of Internal Auditors.
Acquisition Assistance Staff
Vacant
Internal and Performance Audit Staff
Vacant
FIELD DIVISIONS
Paul D. McKeehnie, Divisional Inspector General
Eastern Audit Division - Boston, Massachusetts
Paul D. McKeehnie was selected as the Divisional Inspector General for the Eastern Audit Division in
November, 1985. He joined EPA in 1984 as an Audit Manager. Paul began Federal service in 1968 as
an Auditor with the Naval Audit Service. In 1971, he joined the Department of HUD where he held
numerous positions both as Audit Supervisor and Special Projects Officer to the Inspector General. He
graduated from Bentley College with a B.S. in Accounting.
Truman R. Heeler, Divisional Inspector General
Western Audit Division - San Francisco, California
Ron Beeler has served as Divisional Inspector General for Audits for the Western Audit Division since
its formation in 1971. Previously, he served with the U.S. Army Audit Agency, Defense Contract Audit
Agency, and the Department of .Health and Human Service's Inspector General's Office. Ron received
a B.A. degree in Accounting from San Francisco State University. He is both a Certified Public
Accountant and a Certified Internal Auditor.
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Office Profiles Office of the Inspector General Page 7-13
Anthony C. Carrollo, Divisional Inspector General
Northern Audit Division - Chicago, Illinios
Tony Carrollo has served as the Divisional Inspector General for the Northern Audit Division since
August, 1982. He served as the Regional Audit Manager for the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and
Firearms in Chicago and the Assistant Regional Audit Manager for the U.S. Department of Transpor-
tation in Baltimore. Tony began his Federal career with the Federal Highway Administration in 1969.
He has a B.S. degree from Rockhurst College, and a M.P_A. from the University of Baltimore. Tony is
a Certified Information Systems Auditor and a Certified Fraud Examiner.
Nikki L. Tinsley, Divisional Inspector General
Central Audit Division - Kansas City, Kansas
Nikki Tinsley has served as the Divisional Inspector General since the Central Audit Division was
created in October, 1990. Prior to her appointment, she was an Audit Manager with the U.S. Minerals
Management Service and an evaluator with the General Accounting Office. She is a graduate of Virginia
Commonwealth University, and has an M.S. in Management from the University of Northern Colorado.
Nikki is a Certified Public Accountant.
Edward Gekosky, Divisional Inspector General
Headquarters Audit Division - Washington, D.C.
Ed Gekosky was the Director of Planning and Resource Management, and Chief of the Special Review
Unit prior to his current position. He joined EPA as a Desk Officer in 1983. He has worked for the HUD
OIG. in financial management at the U.S. Food and Nutrition Service, and as Tax Auditor for the
Internal Revenue Service. He is a Certified Public Accountant and a Certified Internal Auditor. He is
a Rutger's Liberal Arts graduate, attended various schools for Accounting, and has a M.B.A. from
Monmouth College.
P. Ronald Gandolfo, Divisional Inspector General
Mid-Atlantic Division - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Ron Gandolfo has served as the Divisional Inspector General since November, 1980. Prior to 1980, he
served as a Supervisory Auditor, an Internal Auditor in private industry, and an Audit Manager with
the U.S. Air Force Audit Agency. Ron received a B.S. from Syracuse University and a M.B.A. from
Michigan State University. He is a Certified Internal Auditor.
Mary M. Boyer, Divisional Inspector General
Southern Audit Division Atlanta, Georgia
Peggy Boyer became the Divisional Inspector General for the Southern Audit Division in March, 1989.
She began her government career in 1973, working as an Auditor and a manager for the Department
of Defense OIG and its predecessor organizations since she began her government career in 1973.
Peggy graduated from Southern Illinois University with a B.S. in Business Accounting.
Melissa M. Heist, Divisional Inspector General
Financial Audit Division - Washington. D.C.
Melissa Heist became the Divisional Inspector General in September, 1992. Before her appointment,
she served five years as an audit manager in the EPA OIG Headquarters Audit Division. Melissa began
her Federal career in 1979 working for the Departments of Defense and Health and Human Services
IG offices. She has a B.S./B.A. degree from Geneva College and is a Certified Public Accountant.
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Page 7-14
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF INVESTIGATIONS
Office of
Investigations
Field Divisions
i--
LEADERSHIP
Daniel S. Sweeney
Assistant Inspector General for Investigations
Prior to his present position, Dan Sweeney was the
Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investi-
gations. Dan has held senior-level IG positions in
the Department of Transportation. He began his
Federal career in 1965 as a Special Agent with the
Office of Naval Intelligence. Dan received a B.A.
degree from Boston College and an MA. in Public
Administration from The American University.
Michael J. Fitzsimmons
Deputy Assistant Inspector General for Investigations
Prior to his present position, Mike Fitzsimmons served as a Desk Officer and Senior Desk Officer in the
Office of Investigations. Before joining EPA in October, 1987, Mike served as a Criminal Investigator
with the IRS Criminal Investigation Division. While with the IRS, Mike held the positions of Analyst
on the staff of the Assistant Commissioner (Criminal Investigation); Resident Lead Instructor in charge
of Special Agent Investigative Training, Glynco, Georgia; and Senior Special Agent, Boston District. He
graduated from Salem State College with a B.S. in Business Administration.
FUNCTIONS
Operates a nationwide criminal investigations program through its seven field offices which
focuses on fraud in the Agency's programs and operations.
Issues policy, procedures, and technical guidance to ensure investigations are conducted in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.
Maintains liaison with U.S. Attorneys in the Department of Justice and other Federal, state,
and local investigative agencies.
DIVISION DIRECTORS
James F. Johnson. Divisional Inspector General
Southern Division - Atlanta, Georgia
Jim Johnson has served in his present position since May, 1984. He came to EPA from the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development where he started his career in 1972 as a trainee
investigator and progressed to the position of Acting Deputy Assistant Inspector General for
Investigation. He graduated from East Tennessee State University with a degree in Business Finance
and Accounting and attended graduate school in the School of Public Affairs at The American
University.
Robert M. Byrnes, Divisional Inspector General
Eastern Investigations Division - New York. New York
Prior to his present position. Robert Byrnes served as a Special Agent with the Office of Investigations.
Before joining KPA tn October, 1S33, he served as a Special Agent with the Department of Health,
Education and Welfare and the Department of Education. Robert received a B.A. degree from
Manhattan College and Masters degrees in Criminal Justice and Public Administration from the John
Jay College of Criminal Justice.
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Office Profiles Office of the Inspector General Page 7-15
H. Brooks Griffin, Divisional Inspector General
Western Division - San Francisco, California
Prior to his present position, Brooks Griffin served for six years as Senior Investigator for the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission's Office of Investigations in Arlington, Texas. He began his Federal career in
1971 as a Special Agent with the U.S. Treasury's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms in Dallas,
Texas, where he served for twelve years. Brooks received a B.S. degree from- Stephen F. Austin State
University.
Francis C. Kiley, Divisional Inspector General
Washington Field Office - Washington, D.C.
Frank Klley was appointed to his present position in October, 1987. For four years prior to that, he
was a Desk Officer in the IG Headquarters office. Before joining EPA in October, 1983, Frank spent
seven years as a Special Agent with the Department of Labor. Before entering Federal service, Frank
worked in the private practice of law. He received a J.D. from the University of Connecticut and a B.A.
summa cum laude from Saint Leo College. He is a member of the Connecticut and District of Columbia
bars and a Judge Advocate in the U.S. Army Reserves.
Allen Fallin. Divisional Inspector General
Northern Investigations. Division - Chicago, Illinois
Prior to his present position Allen Fallin served as a Desk Officer in the Office of Investigations. Before
joining EPA in April, 1990, he served as a Criminal Investigator with the IRS Criminal Investigation
Division where he began his career in Federal law enforcement in 1978. In 1986, Allen served on the
staff of the Assistant Regional Commissioner, New York Office before moving on to CID Headquarters,
where he served on the staff of the Assistant Commissioner. He graduated from the City University of
New York with a B.S. in Accounting.
Emmett D. Dashiell Jr., Divisional Inspector General
Procurement Fraud Division - Washington, D.C.
Emmett Dashiell began his Federal career in 1973 as~a Revenue Agent (Auditor) with the IRS,
Examination Division, Boston, MA. His law enforcement career began in 1979 as a Criminal
Investigator with the IRS, Criminal Investigative Service. Emmett joined EPA in 1992 as a Desk Officer.
He graduated with honors from Northeastern University, with a B.S. in Accounting and holds a M.S.
degree in Taxation from Bentley College.
Martin M. Squitieri, Divisional Inspector General
Mid-Atlantic Division Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Prior to his present position, Marty Squitieri was a Senior Special Agent in the Philadelphia Field Office.
Before joining EPA in May, 1985 he was a Team Leader with the Department of Labor, IG. He has also
been employed as a Senior Special Agent with GSA and a Special Agent with IRS. Marty graduated from
St. John's University with a B.S. in Accounting and has been a Criminal Investigator since August,
1973. Marty is a Certified Public Accountant registered in the State of New Jersey.
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Page 7-16
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP
Office of Management
I *
Personnel
Security Staff
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Resources Management
Division
Program Management
Division
John C. Jones
Assistant Inspector General
John Jones joined EPA's Office of Audit in 1976.
He served.in various capacities in that organiza-
tion until 1982 when he moved to the newly
established Office of Management. Prior to as-
suming his current position, he was Director of
the OIG's Technical Assessment and Fraud Pre-
vention Division. John came to EPA from the
Department of the Army, where he worked in
financial management and internal review. He
had previously been an auditor with the Common-
wealth of Virginia. He earned a B.S. degree in
Accounting from Virginia Union University, and is
a Certified Public Accountant.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops and manages the OIG independent budget appropriation.
Q Coordinates and performs the OIG's comprehensive Quality Assurance Program to ensure
that all OIG work is conducted in accordance with internal directives and in strict adherence
to applicable professional standards.
Q Arranges for and monitors personnel security background reviews of EPA employees.
Q Plans and manages all independent human resources, development, and administrative
functions.
Q Operates the OIG 24 hour, toll-free, Hotline for the receipt of complaints concerning possible
waste or abuse of EPA resources.
Q Coordinates suspension and debarment actions referred from OIG audits and investigations
against dishonest or poor performing persons and firms doing business with EPA.
Q Promotes employee awareness to methods of detecting, preventing, and reporting possible
abuses of EPA resources.
Coordinates and develops semi-annual reports to Congress and the Administrator.
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Office Profiles
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-17
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Michael J. Binder
Director, Resource Management Division
Michael Binder joined the EPA, OIG in 1982, and has served in his present position since 1989. He
began his Federal career in 1973 as an Auditor with the General Accounting Office, and has worked
with the Department of Commerce as a Strategic Planning and Evaluation Specialist, and with the
HUD, OIG. He has a BA. and a M.B.A. degree in Finance and Economics from George Washington
University. Michael is a Certified Internal Auditor, a Certified Fraud Examiner, and is on the faculty
of several institutions of higher learning.
John T. Walsh
Director, Program Management Division
Prior to his current position, John Walsh held various management positions with the Office of Audit,
including Chief, Financial and Compliance Audit Unit, with responsibilities for policies and procedures
for auditing grants and contracts. He started his Federal career with the General Accounting Office
where he spent eight years. John has a Bachelor's degree from the University of Scranton and a
Master's degree from George Washington University.
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Page 7-18
Office of the Inspector General
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE INSPECTOR GENERAL
GENERAL. ADMINISTRATIVE. AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-4-A Personal Property and Government-Owned Vehicles
1-6-B Personnel Security
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1- 17-B International Travel Authorizations
1-17-C Domestic and International Travel Authorizations for the Office of the Inspector General
1-18 Agency Seal
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1-23 Administration of Oaths
1 -30 Freedom of Information
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
-------
Office Profiles
1970
1979
1980
Office of the Inspector General
Page 7-19
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Assistant Administrator
for Planning and Management
Audit
Administration
Resources
Management
Planning and
Evaluation
1
Inspector
General
Audit
Investigations
Office of Man-
agement and
Technical
Assessment
1983
^ to AA Status
1990
Office Of
Management
to staff offices
-------
Page 7-20 Office of the Inspector General Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. The Agency designated an Assistant Administrator for
Planning and Management in 1970 and all audit activities were conducted from that vantage point.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The Inspector General Act of 1978 provided for the establishment of Offices of the Inspector General
which consolidated existing investigative and audit resources in independent organizations headed by
an Inspector General.
EPA established its Office of Inspector General in 1980. In 1983 it was given Assistant Administrator
status; and in 1990 the name of the Office of Management and Technical Assessment became the Office
of Management, but office functions and responsibilities remained the same.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
Today EPA's Inspector General functions through three major offices: Office of Audit, Office of
Investigations, and Office of Management. Nationally, there are eight divisional Inspectors General for
Audit and seven divisional Inspectors General for Investigations who report to the Headquarters Office.
The Inspector General operates under a separate appropriation and provides the Agency with funds
for support services such as facilities and telecommunications. Also, by agreement, the Agency
provides the OIG with common processing services for personnel and recruitment actions. In addition,
the Office of Inspector General receives legal advice from the Inspector General Division of the EPA
Office of General Counsel.
-------
WATER
-------
OFFICE OF WATER
Policy and Resources
Management Office
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Gulf of Mexico
Program Office
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Office of Wastewater
Enforcement and Compliance
Office of Science and
Technology
Resources Manage-
ment and Evaluation
Staff
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Municipal Support
Division
Enforcement Division
Permits Division
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Budget and Program
Management Staff
Policy and
Communications Staff
ฃ Engineering and
Analysis Division
Health and Ecological
Criteria Division
Standards and Applied
Science Division
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Office of Wetlands, Oceans
and Watersheds
Budget and Program
Management Staff
Policy and
Communications Staff
Oceans and Coastal
Protection Division
Wetlands Division
Assessment and
Watershed Protection
Division
Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water
VN' ^^ ;
Resources
Management and
Evaluation Staff
Ground Water
Protection Division
Enforcement and
Program Implementa-
tion Division
Drinking Water
Standards Division
Technical Support
Division (Cincinnati)
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Page 8-2
Office of Water
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
LaJuana S. Wilcher
Assistant Administrator
LaJuana Wilcher has been the Assistant Administrator since October, 1989. Prior to her appointment
she was a partner In a law firm specializing in environmental issues. Before entering the private sector
in 1986, she served as Special Assistant to the General Counsel and Assistant to the Deputy
Administrator at EPA, and as Special Assistant to the General Counsel at the Department of
Agriculture. She began her Federal environmental career with the U.S. National Park Service in the
1970s. LaJuana graduated with a B.S. in Biology from Western Kentucky University and received her
Law degree from Salmon P. Chase College of Law at Northern Kentucky University.
Martha G. Prothro
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Martha Prothro has been Deputy Assistant Administrator since April, 1991. Prior to that she was
Director of the Office of Water Regulations and Standards and Director of the Permits Division in the
Office of Water. From 1973-1981 Martha worked in the Office of Enforcement as a Staff Attorney,
Section Chief, Branch Chief and Division Director. Before joining EPA, Martha worked as a social
worker/counselor In District of Columbia manpower and welfare programs. She has a B.A. from the
University of North Carolina and a J.D. from George Washington University.
Alan M. Fox
Associate Assistant Administrator
Alan Fox was appointed Associate Assistant Administrator in December, 1991, after serving as the
Special Assistant to the Assistant Administrator for Water since September, 1989. Prior to his EPA
appointment, Alan served as Executive Assistant to the Mayor of Cleveland since 1985. He has a B.A.
degree in Political Science from Case Western Reserve University.
Maureen O'Neill, Acting Director
Policy and Resources Management Office
Maureen O'Neill became Acting Director in August, 1992. Prior to that, she was Assistant Secretary
in the Office of Water Resources, Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality; and Director of
Planning for the Sewage and Water Board in New Orleans. Maureen received her Master's degree in
Urban and Regional Planning from the University of New Orleans and her Bachelor's degree in Sociology
from Loyola University of the South.
Jonathan Z. Cannon, Director
Gulf of Mexico Program Office
Jon Cannon became Director in September, 1992. Immediately prior to that, he worked at a private
law firm. He served at EPA from August, 1986 to November, 1989 as Deputy General Counsel for
Litigation and Regional Operations, Office of General Counsel; Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring; and Deputy Assistant Administrator and Acting Assistant
Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response. Jon holds a B.A. degree from Williams College
and a Lav/ degree from the University of Pennsylvania.
FUNCTIONS
Provides Agencywide policy, guidance and direction for the Agency's drinking water, municipal
wastewater, water quality, groundwater, wetlands, and marine and estuarine protection
programs.
Manages enforcement, compliance, and peTmj.tting activities for drinking water and water
programs.
Develops and implements programs for education, technical assistance and technology
transfer.
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-3
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ACT (CLEAN WATER ACT)
The Clean Water Act is the principal law governing pollution in the Nation's waterways. The objective
of the Act is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological .integrity of the Nation's
waters. Two goals are established: zero discharge of pollutants and, as an interim goal and where
possible, water quality that is both "fishable" and "swimmable."
The Act authorizes Federal financial assistance for municipal sewage treatment plant construction.
Under Title II, $59 billion has been authorized for the Federal construction grants program since 1972;
funding ceased with the authorization for FY 1990. Title VI, provided in the 1987 Amendments, is the
successor to the construction grants program and authorizes $8 billion in grants to capitalize state
water pollution control revolving funds. Monies used for wastewater treatment facilities will be repaid
to a state, to be recycled for future wastewater treatment projects.
The Act sets a technology-based floor for point sources and requires ambient water quality standards
that place rigorous demands on industries and municipalities to achieve ever higher levels of pollution
abatement. States are required to establish water quality standards based on EPA guidance.
Nationwide technology-based standards are established by EPA for certain categories of industries with
requirements tailored to the availability and economic feasibility of control technology. Municipal
treatment plants must meet national secondary treatment standards.
All point source discharges into the nation's waters are deemed unlawful unless specifically authorized
by a permit. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits specify the types
and amounts of pollutants that may be discharged. Point source discharges into municipal sewer
systems are regulated under the National Pretreatment Program which requires cities to regulate these
discharges based on national standards, general prohibitions, and local conditions. All point source
dischargers are subject to enforcement for violations.
The Act also establishes a program to regulate discharges of dredged and fiD material into the nation's
waters, including wetlands. The Corps of Engineers is the Federal permitting agency, and EPA has
significant permit review and other authorities.
In addition, the Act establishes a timetable for the promulgation of toxic contaminant criteria for sewage
sludge use and disposal, and requires NPDES permits to include requirements for sludge use and
disposal unless permitted under a comparable program.
Nonpoint sources of pollution are addressed through state Management Programs authorized under
the Act. Upon EPA approval of their Management Programs, states are eligible for EPA grants to assist
them in implementation of their programs.
The Great Lakes Critical Programs Act of 1990 amended the Clean Water Act and strengthened existing
efforts to protect the Great Lakes by requiring EPA to issue water quality guidance specifying water
quality standards, antidegradation policies, and implementation procedures that the Great Lakes
states must adopt; by specifying requirements for remedial action plans and a lakewide management
plan for Lake Michigan; by requiring projects to address remediation of contaminated sediments; and
by requiring EPA and the Corps of Engineers to develop management plans for confined disposal sites.
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Page 8-4 Office of Water Office Profiles
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA establishes national standards for public drinking water
systems from both surface and groundwater sources. These standards provide maximum contaminant
levels for pollutants in drinking water. The law also includes minimum monitoring. States are
primarily responsible for enforcing the standards, with financial assistance from EPA..
The Act also authorizes EPA to protect underground sources of drinking water from endangerment of
contamination from the disposal of wastes by injection into deep wells.
The Administrator has emergency powers to issue orders and commence civil actions if a contaminant,
likely to enter public drinking water supply systems, poses a substantial threat to public health, or state
or local officials have not taken adequate action. EPA is also authorized to make grants to states to
carry out public water supply supervision programs.
The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act created two new groundwater provisions. The
wellhead protection program is designed to protect wells that supply public water systems. The sole
source aquifer demonstration program promotes the adoption of special protective measures for
critical areas within an aquifer that has been designated as a sole source for a community's or region's
water supply.
The Lead Contamination Control Act of 1988 amended the Safe Drinking Water Act. It requires the
identification of water coolers that are not lead-free, the repair or removal of water coolers with lead-
lined tanks, and a ban on the manufacture and sale of water coolers that are not lead-free. It also
authorized funding for lead screening programs for children.
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH AND SANCTUARIES ACT (MPRSA) (OCEAN DUMPING)
The purpose of the MPRSA is to regulate the transportation and intentional dumping of materials into
the oceans, to authorize related research, and to establish marine sanctuaries. It also implements the
provisions of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other
Matters (London Dumping Convention), a global agreement for regulating ocean dumping. Four
Federal agencies have responsibilities under the Ocean Dumping Act: EPA, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Coast Guard. EPA has primary
responsibility for regulating ocean disposal of all substances except dredged spoils, which are regulated
under the authority of the Corps of Engineers with EPA concurrence.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988 amended the MPRSA and phased out the ocean dumping of all
materials except dredged materials and fish wastes by December 31, 1991, established user fees and
penalties to cover Federal costs for implementing the Act, and required monitoring of two previous
disposal sites.
OTHER RELATED LEGISLATION
The Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments (CZARA) of 1990 strengthened nonpoint source
control efforts in coastal zone states. CZARA requires each state with an approved coastal zone
management program to develop a coastal nonpoint pollution control program which implements
management measures in conformity with guidance developed by EPA in consultation with NOAA. EPA
was to publish final guidance by May, 1992 and the coastal states are to have approval of their coastal
nonpoint pollution programs within 30 months of EPA's publication of the guidance.
The Marine Plastic Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 is aimed at controlling plastic wastes
in the marine environment. It directs EPA and NOAA to conduct studies related to plastic pollution
and to initiate a public outreach program regarding the harmful effects cf plastic pollution.
The Shore Protection Act of 1988 is aimed at preventing trash and other unsightly and potentially
harmful debris from being deposited in U.S. coastal waters due to sloppy waste handling procedures.
It prohibits vessels from transporting waste without a permit and a display number, and requires
owners and operators of waste sources, vessels transporting wastes, and waste reception facilities to
minimize the amount of waste deposited into coastal waters during vessel loading and unloading and
vessel transport. EPA administers the Act with the Coast Guard and is responsible for developing
regulations regarding waste handling practices.
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-5
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
FUNDING INCLUDING STATE AND LOCAL CAPACITY
Demands on EPA, state, and local water quality programs are increasing to address infrastructure
needs for water supply, sewers, and wastewater treatment; to deal with remediation of contaminated
sediments and restoration of aquatic habitats, including wetlands; and to implement the ongoing
regulatory program. While Congressionally targeted funds have increased in certain areas, major
issues remain regarding the future of construction grants, the state revolving loan fund. Imposition of
permit or effluent fees, product excise taxes related to water pollution potential, possible market trading
of discharge rights, possible establishment of new Federal mechanisms to fund water projects, sewer
and water user fees, and privatization of some facilities. These issues could arise as part of any new
infrastructure funding initiative or during Clean Water Act reauthorization.
TOXICS
Toxics discharged to surface waters pose significant risks in some geographic areas to human health
and the environment, especially in contaminated sediments and fish. Addressing these problems will
require integrated strategies for such matters as contaminated sediment and the safety of fish for
human consumption, state implementation of water quality standards for toxics, and work with other
Federal and state agencies to focus their programs in similar ways. The Clean Water Act of 1987
provided new authority to address these problems but some environmental groups are seeking more
specific statuatory providions and criticize EPA's implementation pace.
GROUND WATER PROTECTION
The Office of Water leads EPA's effort to develop a comprehensive approach to assuring protection of
groundwater quality. This requires coordination of numerous programs and agencies at the state and
Federal level. Comprehensive state groundwater protection program guidance has been in develop-
ment for several years. Final guidance is planned for a December, 1992 release but may be delayed.
The fragile coalition of affected state and other Federal agencies will be looking for early signals on
whether the approach is endorsed by the new Administration.
WETLANDS PROTECTION
Numerous decisions will be required to improve protection of wetlands, including possible revisions to
regulatory programs under section 404 of the Clean Water Act and possible amendments to the law.
Key issues are likely to include the identification and delineation of wetlands, tailoring regulatory
policies to reflect differing wetland values, and .developing appropriate requirements for mitigating
damages that occur from permitted activities. Working with states to strengthen their role in wetlands
protection, increasing the public's understanding of the role that wetlands play, and enforcement of
the section 404 regulatory program will be important.
WATERSHED PROTECTION, GREAT WATERBODEES, AND GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING
Watershed-based management can assure more efficient controls to meet water quality goals now that
most dischargers have met minimum control requirements. This approach Involves targeting the
highest priority areas or problems based on risk, involving the local stakeholders, and developing more
integrated solutions and management strategies. The merit of watershed-based management has been
demonstrated by the Chesapeake Bay Program, the Great Lakes Program, and the National Estuary
Program, and on a smaller scale in watersheds throughout the country. However, the program must
work hard to ensure Implementation of the plans being developed on a local watershed basis.
Appropriations for specific geographic areas have been added by Congress with increasing frequency,
sometimes at the expense of national environmental programs. Authorization committees are
examining Clean Water Act amendments to foster the watershed approach.
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Page 8-6 Office of Water Office Profiles
NONPOINT SOURCE/WET WEATHER
The 1987 CWA amendments and the 1990 amendments to the Coastal Zone Management Act included
provisions for nonpoint source management, the most widespread remaining source of water quality
impairment. Agriculture, the major contributor, is both politically and practically difficult to address,
given the number of sources and the traditional lack of regulation of this sector. EPA guidance on
nonpoint source management in the coastal zone may be issued before the end of the year but will be
very controversial in some quarters since it must be enforced through State programs. The Agency
must (by October, 1993) also address the thousands of small point source storm water discharges
which are not covered under current regulations. A draft enforcement and permitting approach for
combined sewer overflows, (significant sources of water quality problems in some local areas) is
expected to be issued in December. 1992. Since controls will be very expensive, some affected cities
will seek significant changes. Environmental groups may press for Clean Water Act amendments on
nonpoint source, storm water, and combined sewer overflow issues.
PERMITTING ISSUES
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) has successfully regulated most
industrial and municipal sewage treatment discharges. However, the program faces enormous
challenges without resource increases as it begins to implement the storm water control program and
a new municipal sewage sludge use and disposal permitting program. Increasing attention is also being
placed on "minor" permits which remain to be issued or reissued.
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT REAUTHORIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION
EPA, the states, and many drinking water systems (particularly small systems) are facing enormous
difficulties in implementing the current mandates of the Safe Drinking Water Act due to fiscal
constraints and a concern that some drinking water rules are costly without a commensurate risk
reduction. The National Governors' Association and other groups have made reauthorization of the
Safe Drinking Water Act a high priority for the new Congress, primarily because of the problems of small
systems, and concerns over the ability of states to implement the program. Congress considered a
rollback of rules, limiting the list of contaminants to be regulated, as an amendment to EPA's 1993
appropriation. The rollback did not pass, but Congress required EPA to study benefits and costs and
provide a report to Congress in July, 1993 with recommendations for reauthorization. At the same
time, implementation of the current program is problematic.
GREAT LAKES WATER QUALITY INITIATIVE
EPA is required by a 1990 amendment to the Clean Water Act to issue water quality guidance for the
Great Lakes system that will result in more uniform and generally more stringent water quality
standards to address the special problems of the Great Lakes. Since the Agency has been sued for
failing to issue the guidance by the statutory deadlines, support will be needed for commitments of time
and resources to complete this and related efforts.
BOSTON HARBOR
The wastewater treatment facilities discharging to Boston Harbor are among the last few facilities in
the nation which have not yet achieved the mandated secondary treatment level. Boston Harbor has
been a longstanding example of the adverse impacts of municipal dischaiges on water quality. V/ater
quality is generally poor due to the discharge of about 500 million gallons of partially treated sewage
daily. Discharges after storms worsen the situation because of the area's combined sewer systems. The
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA) is now constructing treatment plants capable of
treating normal and storm event discharges. The cost of this program is estimated by MWRA at $4.2
billion. Most of this cost will be absorbed by MWRA ratepayers; average household rates in 1992 were
$465, a 30% increase over 1991. The MRWA estimates that by 1998 the average household will pay
$1,195 annually for water and sewer service in their service area. Through FY 1992, Congress
appropriated $180 million in grant funding for this project, with another $ 100 million appropriated in
FY 1993. Between 1974 and 1990, Boston received $130 million in Title II Construction Grants. In
addition, the Massachusetts state Revolving Lean Fund pioviued a $/3.1 million loan in December,
1991. Continued pressure to provide additional Federal funding for this project is likely.
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-7
SAN FRANCISCO BAT - DELTA
On September 3, 1991, EPA Region 9 disapproved California's water quality standards for salinity and
temperature on the Bay - Delta because of loss of designated uses for aquatic life and wildlife. In
response, the State promised to adopt water quality standards sufficient to satisfy Clean Water Act
concerns by December, 1992. The State has yet to complete the promised action. Region 9 has
contemplated recommending EPA promulgation of appropriate criteria if the State process fails to
achieve its commitments. Such a promulgation could include requirements for minimum flows in the
Sacramento River system, which could necessitate diversions from other water uses in the State.
MICHIGAN WETLANDS
Michigan is the only state that has assumed the Section 404 permit program. It assumed the program
in the early '80's. In the past year, for the first time, the State has attempted to exert political pressure
on EPA Headquarters to make specific permit decisions in two cases. In the first case. Homestead (a
proposed golf course nearTraverse City, Michigan), EPA Headquarters reversed Region Vs position and
allowed the State to issue a Section 404 permit. This case is currently in litigation. In the second case.
Woodland Meadows, the Governor of Michigan is currently encouraging EPA to remove an objection
to a permit to fill 90 acres for a proposed landfill. This permit is being identified in the press as a 'jobs
versus the environment" issue because the proposed mitigation site for the landfill is owned by
McLough Steel, a company that is reported to be on the verge of bankruptcy. Environmental groups
are watching this case closely.
SEARS ISLAND MARINE TERMINAL
As proposed, the Maine Department of Transportation, Sears Island project involves the construction
of a marine terminal and support facilities on Sears Island, Maine. As currently proposed, the project
would directly destroy over 30 acres of wetlands and 38 acres of intertidal and subtidal habitat;
approximately 66 acres of dredging of marine habitat would occur. EPA Region 1 has historically
commented in opposition to this extremely controversial project. AdditionaDy, past NEPA documen-
tation was the subject of litigation which resulted in a directive to prepare supplemental documenta-
tion. As a result, a supplemental Environmental Impact Statement is currently being prepared. When
the statement is released for formal review and comment in March, 1993, EPA HQ will work with Region
1 to ensure EPA review and comments reflect national policy. The Maine Congressional delegation is
pressing hard to see the project proceed.
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Page 8-8
Office of Water
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
600
500 -
1984 1985 1986 19S7 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
3000
1984
1985
1986
1967
1990
1991
1992
1993
Resources and workyears in regional water programs have increased from FY 1984
to FY 1992. These increases reflect some of the resources and workyears needed to
address the reauthorization of both the Safe Drinking Water ACT (SDWA) and the
Clean Water Act (CWA) (excluding construction grants).
The decrease hi dollars hi the FY 1993 President's Budget reflects Congressional
special projects (add-ons) not carried forward from FY 1992. Generally, OW has
received more add-ons that any other EPA program, but an increasing share of
Congressional earmarks are funded at the expense of national water quality
programs.
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-9
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)'
Dollars in Millions
(3
1984
1993
IHQ D REGIONS
Workyears
1984
1993
HQ D REGIONS
The dollar distribution between Headquarters and regions has been relatively
consistent. The regions receive approximately twice the number of dollars allocated
to Headquarters per year.
Regional workyears have grown at twice the rate of Headquarters workyears,
indicating the shifting emphasis from regulation development toward program
implementation.
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Page 8-10
Office of Water
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)"
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
1991
INPM
Request
OMB
Request I
] President's
I Budget
1992
1993
Operating
Plan
3,500
Workyears
1889
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request I
| Presidents
I Budget
Operating
Plan
Between FY 1989 and FY 1992 the dollar increases from the President's Budget to
the Operating Plan indicate additional Congressional special projects (some of which
received new funding).
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-11
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
3,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Dollars in Millions
1993PresBud
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
1994 OMB Request
Construction
Grants
Workyears
2.737
2,939
1993PresBud
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
1994 OMB Request
Construction
Grants
The increase in the Operating Programs reflects the emphasis on state capacity
issues for the Drinking Water Program and wet weather runoff concerns for the
Water Quality Program. OW is targeting some of these increases for geographic
initiatives such as urban environment, wetlands, Chesapeake Bay, and non-point
source activities.
The decrease in the FY 1994 Construction Grants' OMB Request illustrates the near
capitalization (full allocation) of the State Revolving Fund Program. The
authorization for this program ends in 1994.
The workyear increase provides greater technical assistance for state/local
implementation.
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Page 8-12
Office of Water
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS - OW
5.70%
14.69%
!i 06.58%
29.0992
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-13
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRABS
CO
g
_
Q.
Ul
0>
I
2001
175-
150-
125-
100-
75-
50-
25-
Engineering Business, Agriculture, EnvSci, Social Other
Comm, Law, Health & Bio Physical Science Disciplines
Public Aff Sciences Science
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Page 8-14
Office of Water
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF GROUND WATER AND
DRINKING WATER
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LEADERSHIP
James R. Elder
Director
Jim Elder has been Office Director since 1991.
Previously, Jim was the Deputy Director and
Director of the Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits; the Acting Deputy Regional Administra-
tor of Region X; the Deputy Director of the Office
of International Activities; and worked for the
Potomac Electric Power Company under the
President's Executive Exchange Program. He was
also Director of the Management Division of Re-
gion III and was a Management Analyst for Head-
quarters and the Office of Management and Budget.
Jim has a B.A. degree from Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity.
Peter L. Cook
Deputy Director
Peter Cook became Deputy Director in 1988 after having served as Deputy Director of the Office of
Waste Programs Enforcement. Before this, he was the Deputy Federal Inspector for the Office of Federal
Inspector, which supervised the construction of the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System. Peter
has also served in a number of capacities in the Office of Federal Activities at EPA, the last one as
Assistant Director. Peter received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Clarkson College of Technology
and a M.B_A. from The American University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Serves as national program manager for the Safe Drinking Water Act including public water
supplies, underground injection control, wellhead protection, and sole source aquifer programs.
Q Develops a national program of public information; develops plans and policy for response to
water supply emergencies.
Q Coordinates water supply activities with other Federal agencies as necessary.
Q Manages the development and implementation of delegation oversight procedures and evalu-
ates regional water supply and underground injection programs.
Q Conducts a variety of analytic studies on policy issues relating to program priorities and
objectives, resources and legislation.
Q Conducts economic analyses of proposed regulations and treatment techniques.
Q Analyzes Federal and state legislation directly or indirectly related to ground water and/or
drinking water protection.
2 Performs broad strategic planning for the drinking water program which considers the public
health and welfare costs.
Q Oversees implementation of the Agency's ground water protection principles and works to
integrate groundwater protection policies into various EPA programs.
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-15
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Robert J. Blanco. Director
Enforcement and Program Implementation Division
Bob Blanco Is the Director of the Enforcement and Program Implementation Division. He has been with
EPAsince 1971. Before joining the drinking water program in October, 1988, he worked for 14 years
with EPAReglon Ill's surface water quality and drinking water programs; andinJune, 1985, he became
the Director of the Municipal Facilities Division at Headquarters. Prior to his EPA experience. Bob
worked at the local government level and In private consulting. He earned his Bachelor of Engineering
and Masters of Science degrees at New York University.
James M. Conlon, Director
Drinking Water Standards Division
Mike Conlon has degrees from Illinois College and the University of Oklahoma. He served with two
states, one regional office and three Headquarters programs. Mike was Director of the Air and
Hazardous Materials Division in Chicago from 1971 through early 1976; Deputy Director of the
pesticides program from 1976 through 1985; and has been with the Office of Water since then as the
Director for the Office of Water Regulations and Standards and the Director of the Drinking Water
Standards Division.
Ramona E. Trovato, Director
Ground Water Protection Division
Ramona Trovato has been with EPA for 18 years. As the Director of the Ground Water Protection
Division, she is responsible for Implementing the Comprehensive Ground Water Protection Programs,
the Wellhead Protection Program, the Underground Injection Control Program, and the Sole Source
Aquifer Program. Ramona has also served as a liaison between EPA headquarters officials and the
regional offices; and has worked in the Region III lab as a chemist and manager of the inorganic
chemistry lab.
Alan A. Stevens, Director
Technical Support Division (Cincinnati. OH)
Alan Stevens serves as Director of the Technical Support Division at the Andrew Breidenbach
Environmental Research Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. He served previously as Chief of the Organics
Control Branch In the Drinking Water Research Division of the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory,
Office of Research and Development. Prior to working at EPA, Alan worked as a research chemist in
the U.S. Public Health Service, Shellfish Sanitation Program. He holds a B.S. in Chemistry from
University of California, and a M.S. from San Jose State University.
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Page 8-16
Office of Water
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF WASTEWATER ENFORCE-
MENT AND COMPLIANCE
LEADERSHIP
Office Of Wastewater
Enforcement and Compliance
Municipal Support
Division
Resources
Management and
Evaluation Staff
Enforcement Division
Permits Division
Michael B. Cook
Director
Mike Cook has been Director of the Office of
Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance since
April 1991. Previously, he. was Director of the
Office of Drinking Water; served as Deputy Direc-
tor of the Office of Solid Waste; and managed the
emergency response program. Mike joined EPA in
1973. He was educated at Swarthmore College.
Princeton University, and Oxford University, which
he attended on a Rhodes Scholarship.
John P. Lehman
Deputy Director
Jack Lehman has been Deputy Director since February, 1987. having formerly been Director,
Hazardous Waste Management Division in the Office of Solid Waste. Jack also directed the resource
recovery demonstration program and was a program manager in the Office of Research and
Development's program management office. Before he joined EPA, Jack was Vice President of a San
Francisco-based engineering firm. He has a B.S. in Engineering Physics and a M.S. in Nuclear
Engineering from the University of California.
FUNCTIONS
Q Administers the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit programs
including point source wastewater discharges, industrial pretreatment, storm water, com-
bined sewer overflow, and sludge management.
Q Operates compliance and administrative enforcement programs under the CWA and en-
forcement responsibilities under Section 311 of the Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act.
Q Manages the construction grants and State Revolving Fund programs which provide financial
assistance to states and communities for construction of municipal treatment works and
other activities.
Q Manages the development and implementation of delegation oversight procedures and
evaluates Regional/State NPDES and construction grants programs.
Q Provides technical assistance and outreach to states and communities on treatment technologies
and operation and maintenance of municipal treatment works.
3 Manages CWA sections 106 and 104(b)(3) grant programs which support state water quality
management and demonstration projects.
Q Develops national strategies, program and policy recommendations, regulations and guid-
ance for permitting, municipal water pollution control, pretreatment, and compliance
programs.
Q Manages a national outreach program to assist small communities to meet wastewater
treatment needs.
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-17
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Richard Kozlowski, Director
Enforcement Division
Rich Kozlowski has been Director of the Enforcement Division since May, 1989. Prior to this. Rich
served as Director of the Field Operations and Support Division in the Office of Mobile Sources. Rich
also worked in the Mobile Source Enforcement Division. In 1975, he took a leave of absence from the
government and participated in the Presidential Executive Exchange Program as an Assistant Director
of Environmental Control for Hoffman-LaRaoche. Rich holds a B.E.S. degree in Engineering from
Johns Hopkins University and a J.D. degree from Catholic University, and is a member of the Bar for
the State of Maryland.
Michael J. Quigley, Director
Municipal Support Division
Mike Qulgley became Director of the Municipal Support Division in April, 1991, having previously
served as Director of the Office of Municipal Control. Mike has served in a variety of positions managing
the construction grants. State Revolving Funds, and other municipal assistance programs since the
early 1970's. He previously served as a Program Analyst in the Office of the Comptroller and at the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Mike has a B.A. in Economics from Trinity College,
a J.D. in Law from Georgetown University, a M.PJV. from Harvard University, and is a member of the
Virginia Bar Association.
Cynthia C. Dougherty, Director
Permits Division
Cynthia Dougherty has been with EPA since 1974 and has served as Director of the Permits Division
since 1988. Prior to her appointment, she served as Deputy Director of the Office of Marine and
Estuarine Protection. Cynthia also served as Director, Resources Management and Administration
Office, Office of Water, and in similar positions in the Office of Enforcement and in the Office of Planning
and Management. Prior to joining EPA, she served as a budget analyst with ACTION and the General
Services Administration. Cynthia has a B.S. degree from Duke University.
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Page 8-18
Office of Water
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF WETLANDS, OCEANS AND
WATERSHEDS
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f\ Office Of Wetlands, Oce
and Watersheds
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Oceans and Coastal
Protection Division
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-------
Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-19
Q Develops national watershed-based policies and programs including maintaining lists of
impaired waterbodies targeted for priority cleanup, conducting outreach programs, and
supporting technology transfer and research needs.
Q Develops and implements programs to assist state, tribal, and local governments in
protecting wetlands; to provide public education and outreach on" wetland protection; and
to improve the scientific basis for wetland decision-making.
Q Assists and evaluates regional nonpoint sources, ocean discharge, estuary protection,
wetlands protection, and surface water monitoring and assessment programs.
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Geoffrey H. Grubbs, Director
Assessment and Watershed Protection Division
Geoff Grubbs has been Director since 1987, after holding a variety of management and technical
positions in the Agency's water, air, and enforcement programs since joining EPA in 1972. His
experience also includes three years as a management consultant for international and domestic
clients. Geoff received a B.S.E. from Princeton University.
Marian Mlay, Director
Oceans and Coastal Protection Division
Marian Mlay has been Director since April, 1991. Prior to this position, she was the Director of
Groundwater Protection, and the Deputy Director of the Office of Drinking Water. She came to EPA
in 1978 from the Department of Health and Human Services where she served in such posts as Deputy
Director for Policy Management and Planning for the Public Health Service, and Deputy Regional
Director in Chicago. Marian holds an A. B. from the University of Pittsburgh, a J.D. from The American
University, and was a fellow in Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public Affairs at Princeton
University. She is also a member of the D.C. Bar.
John W. Meagher, Director
Wetlands Division
John Meagher joined the wetlands program as Division Director in 1981. He joined EPA in New York
in 1973 and worked in the municipal wastewater and environmental impact statement programs before
joining the wetlands program. He received his Civil and Environmental Engineering degrees from
Manhattan College.
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Page 8-20
Office of Water
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Policy and
Communi-
cations
Staff
Office of Science and
Technology
Engineering and Analysis
Division
Budget and
Program
Management
Staff
Health and Ecological
Criteria Division
Standards and Applied
Science Division
LEADERSHIP
Tudor T. Davies
Director
Tudor Davies has been Director since April. 1991.
He previously served as Director of the Office of
Marine and Estuarine Protection. He has also
served as Policy Chief and Acting Deputy Assis-
tant Administrator for the Office ofWater; Director
of the Envrionmental Research Laboratory in
Narragansett, Rhode Island; Director of the
Chesapeake Bay Program; Deputy Director of the
Gulf Breeze, Environmental Research Laboratory;
and Director of the large lakes research program.
Tudor received his Bachelor's degree and Ph.D. in
Geology from the University of Wales in Great
Britain.
James A. Hanlon
Deputy Director
Jim Hanlon has been Deputy Director since April, 1991. Previously he served as the Director of the
Municipal Construction Division and served as Senior Engineer Advisor to the Assistant Administrator
for Water. He also spent 12 years in the Region V Water Division, beginning as a staff engineer before
moving into management. Jim earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from the
University of Illinois and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago. He is a registered professional
engineer.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops scientifically defensible criteria, guidelines, regulations, and advisories that provide
the regulatory framework for protecting the nation's surface and drinking waters and for
achieving technology-based pollution prevention requirements.
Q Develops human health and ecological risk methodologies, criteria documents, guidance, and
policies for water quality, sediment, biological, and wildlife criteria.
G Develops methodologies, technical regulations, and guidelines governing use and disposal of
municipal sewage sludge.
Q Directs the national program for adoption of surface water quality standards.
Q Develops and coordinates an Agencywide approach for preventing and remediating contami-
nated sediment and dealing with problems of contaminated fish.
Q Develops national effluent guidelines and standards for industrial discharges to surface
waters and publicly owned municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Q Conducts economic and statistical studies and analyses in support of water pollution control
programs.
Q Coordinates Office of Water involvement with the Water Research Committee in the Office of
Research and Development.
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Office Profiles
Office of Water
Page 8-21
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Thomas P. O'Farrell, Director
Engineering and Analysis Division
Tom O'Farrell has served as Director since April, 1991. His prior experience includes Director and
Deputy Director, Industrial Technology Division; Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards; Branch Chief of the Consumer Commodities Branch; and Engineer with
the Public Health Service. Tom joined EPA in 1975 as a Sanitary Engineer in the construction grants
program and served in a variety of related positions. He holds a B.S. degree in Engineering and a M.S.
degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Missouri.
Margaret J. Stasikowski, Director
Health and Ecological Criteria Division
Margaret Stasikowski has been the Director since April, 1991. Previously she served as Director of the
Criteria and Standards Division; Special Assistant, National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health Division of Safety Research in Morgantown, VA; Deputy Director, TSCA Assistance Office;
Section Chief, Operations Office, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and Physical Science Administrator, Cincin-
nati. Margaret holds three Bachelor of Science degrees (Physical Science, Russian, Psychology) from
Ohio State University and a Master's degree from the University of Cincinnati.
William R. Diamond, Director
Standards and Applied Science Division
Bill Diamond has served as Division Director since April, 1991. He has served as Director, Criteria and
Standards Division; Director, Sewage Sludge Task Force; Water Quality Act Implementation Coordinator;
Attorney, Office of the General Counsel; and Special Counsel to the Massachusetts Office of
Environmental Affairs. Bill holds a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College and a J.D. from Boston
College.
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Page 8-22
Office of Water
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1-17-A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1 -17-B International Travel Auth orizations
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-48 Request for Information from Other Agencies
1 - 49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-57 Approval and Submittal of Informational Reports to Congress
CLEAN WATER ACT
2-2 Operator Training Grants
2 - 7 Section 301(m) Variances
2 - 8 Approval of Section 104(b)(3) Grants/Cooperative Agreements to Improve Water Quality and
Pretreatment Enforcement
2-13 Inspections and Information Gathering
2-14-A Civil Judicial Enforcement and Administrative Penalty Collections Actions
2-14-C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
2 -14-D Emergency TRO's
2-15-B Administrative Determinations Regarding the Obtaining of Penalties for Spills
2-22 Administrative Compliance Orders and Notices of Violations
2 - 25 Section 301(g) Permit Variances
2 - 26 FDF Permit Variances
2-32 Clean Lakes - Lake Restoration
2 33 Alternate Test Procedures
2-35 Exclusion of Certain Pollutants and Point Sources from Regulation
2 - 36 FDF Variance Status Report
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-23
2-38 Water Pollution Control - General Training
2-39 Water Pollution Control - Professional Training Assistance
2-40 Water Pollution Control Fellowships
2-41 Water Pollution Control Technical Training Assistance
2-42 National Estuary Program Assistance
2 - 43 Section 404 Dredge and Fill Permitting
2-44 Decisions on Eligibility for Secondary Treatment Variances
2-48 Estuarine Management Grants and Cooperative Agreements
2 - 49 Section 301 (j) (2) Stays for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permits
2-51 Class I Administrative Penalty Action
2-52-A Class II Administrative Penalty: Initiation of Actions; Public Notice; Consultation with State;
Negotiation and Signing Consent Agreements; and Assessing Penalties
2-52-B Class II Administrative Penalty: Agency Representation in the' Hearings; Initiating Internal
Appeals of Adverse Determinations; and Representing Agency in Appeals
2-60 Provisions of Technical Assistance
2-63 Collection and Dissemination of Information on NPS Management Practices and Imple-
mentation Methods
2-64 Transmission of Annual and Final Reports to Congress
2-68 Guidance on Identification of Waters and Individual Control Strategies
2 - 70 Publication of Plan for Review and Revision of Effluent Guidelines
2-72 Estuary Management Conferences
2-73 Assistance Agreements for Ground Water Quality Protection
2 - 75 Marine CSO Grants
2 - 78 Determination of Treatment of Indian Tribes as States
2-79 Section 307(e) Compliance Deadline Extension
2-81 Water Quality Guidance for the Great Lakes
2 - 84 NPDES Related State Program Grants
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Page 8-24 Office of Water Office Profiles
MARINE PROTECTION, RESEARCH. AND SANCTUARIES ACT
3 - 1-A Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
3 - 1-B Administrative Enforcement: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
3-3 Designation of Ocean Dumping Sites and Critical Areas
3-4 Research and Emergency Ocean Dumping Permits, Other than Incineration-at-Sea Permits
3-6 Research and Special Incineration-at-Sea Permits
3-8 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988: Eligibility of Activities to Receive Funding From EPA Share
of Ocean Dumping Fees
3-11 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988: Negotiation and Oversight of Enforcement and Compliance
Agreements
3-13 Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988: Monitoring Program Development and Implementation of
Monitoring
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8-8 Inspections and Information Gathering
8 - 20 Monitoring, Testing, Analysis and Reporting
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-10 Making Available Information and Agency
9-2 Withdrawal of Sec. 1425 Program Approval from the State of Illinois Under Part C
9-4 Determination of State Primary Enforcement Responsibility: Public Water Systems
9-5 Conduct Annual Review and Determine Compliance/Non-Compliance with the Require-
ments for Primary Enforcement Responsibility
9-6 Reports by States
9-8 Review and Issuance otVariances
9-9 Receipt and Issuance of Exemptions
9-10 Making Available Information and Agency Facilities and Providing Training Assistance
9-11 To issue Public Water System Supervision Grants
9-12 Inspections and Information Gathering
9-13 Designation ol Sole Source Aquifers
9-15 Safe Drinking Water Occupational Training Assistance
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-25
9-17 Emergency Administrative Powers
9-20 Underground Water Source Protection Grant Authority for Allotment and Reallotment
9-25 Approval of Alternative Mechanical Integrity Test Procedures
9-30 Approval of Injection Well Plugging and Abandonment Plan and Prescribing Aquifer Cleanup
and Monitoring
9-31 Authority to Allot and Reallot Grant Funds for the Public Water System Supervision Program
9-32 Administrative Penalty Under Part B: Proposed and Final Orders and Agency Representation
in Hearings
9-33-A Administrative Penalty Under Part B: Penalty Assessments, Issuing Complaints, and Negotiat-
ing and Signing Consent Agreements
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT
14-38 EPA Role in Department of Defense Environmental Restoration Program
REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ACT
15-1 Certification Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
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Page 8-26
Office of Water
Office Profiles
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Pre- EPA
1972
Dept. of Health
Education &
Welfare
70
Department
of
Interior
Water Quality
Office
2
Department
of
Agriculture
Food & Drug
Administration
1
Air Pollution
Control Office
_Water ^
f ' EPA
1
I
Pesticides
Office
Office of Air &
Water Programs
Atomic Energy
Commission
Radiation
Office
Solid Waste
Office
Air
Pesticides & Toxics
1974
1976
Toxics
T~
Office of Water &
Hazardous
Materials
^ c
Solid Waste
1979
Off ice of Water &
Waste
Management
1981
Solid Waste
Off ice of Water
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Office Profiles Office of Water Page 8-27
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. The organizational roots for the Office of Water were the
Department of Interior (water pollution control program) and Department of Health Education and
Welfare (drinking water program).
In 1970, EPA's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, published an organizational order in which
the five principal programs: water, air, radiation, pesticides and solid waste were retained under the
management of commissioners. This was done to assure continuity of program operations and to allow
time to consider the eventual organizational structure. EPA, at this time, also established a presence
in the newly organized Federal regional structure which divided the country into ten regions.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
The first few years of the Agency were marked by a plethora of environmental laws and regulations
which catalyzed a realignment of the Agency's structure in 1972 and again in 1974. EPA set up its first
permanent organizational structure in 1971, designating three functional Assistant Administrators for
Research and Monitoring, Planning and Management, and Standards and Enforcement and General
Counsel; and dividing the five principal programs between two Assistant Administrators; one for
Categorical programs; the other for Media Programs. In 1972, Media programs, which contained all
the air and water functions, were reorganized under an Assistant Administrator for Air and Water
Programs.
In 1974. the water program, redirected by the Clean Water Act, was split from the air program and
combined with pesticides and toxics functions. The water program resided within the Water and
Hazardous Materials AAship until 1979. With the passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 the water function split from the Water and Hazardous Materials AAship and combined
with the solid waste program to form the Office of Water and Waste Management.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The Office of Water became an AAship focusing on water programs in 1981 due more to the passage
of CERCLA (Superfund) than any increased water responsibility. The Superfund legislation required
the clean up program to be headed by an Assistant Administrator, and it functionally made sense to
combine the RCRA solid waste program with the CERCLA clean up program. The 1981 Office of Water
AAship contained four principal offices: Office of Drinking Water, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Office of Enforcement and Permits, and Office of Water Program Operations (renamed
Municipal Pollution Control). In 1984, two new offices were added to the AAship: the Office of Marine
and Estuarine Protection and the Office of Groundwater Protection. A new Wetlands Protection Office
was added in 1986, bringing the total to seven separate offices within the Water AAship.
In 1991, the Office of Water underwent a major reorganization designed to: streamline the structure
from seven principal offices to four; integrate and balance program functions; consolidate and
strengthen their science and technical support; provide a focus on ecological risks; and improve EPA's
ability to target geographic areas and ecosystems. The current OW structure includes four offices:
Office of Science and Technology; Office of Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds; Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water; and the Office of Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance.
-------
SOLID WASTE &
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
-------
Section 9
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Technology Innovation Office
Superfund Revitalization Office
Chemical Emergency Prepared-
ness & Prevention Office
Assistant Administrator for Solid
Waste and Emergency Response
Office of Waste
Programs Enforcement
CERCLA
Enforcement Division
RCRA
Enforcement Division
I
Policy Analysis and Regulatory
Management Staff
Resource Management and
Information Staff
Organizational Management and
Integrity Staff
-
-. *.
s
^
Office of Underground
Storage Tanks
% V
Implementation
Division
^'
Policy and
Standards
Division
Office of Solid Waste
Municipal and Industrial
Solid Waste Division
Communications,
Analysis and Budget
Division
1
Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Waste Management
Division
Permits and State
Programs Division
Characterization and
Assessment Division
Office of Program
Management
Emergency Response
Division
Hazardous Site Control
Division
Hazardous Site
Evaluation
Division
' f-
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Page 9-2
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
Don R. Clay, Assistant Administrator
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Don Clay has been the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response since
November, 1989. Don is the national program manager for hazardous waste management and
cleanup, management of municipal and solid waste, underground storage tanks, and response to
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and spills, including oil spills. From 1986 to 1989 Don served as
the Acting Assistant Administrator and Deputy Assistant Administrator for EPA's Office of Air and
Radiation. Prior to that, Don served as Director of the Office of Toxic Substances for five years, where
he was responsible for implementing the Toxic Substances Control Act. He served as Acting Assistant
Administrator for the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances in 1983. He is a registered professional
engineer and holds two degrees in Chemical Engineering from Ohio State University.
Richard Guimond
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Rich Guimond has been the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response
since April, 1991. In 1989, Rich, who is a Commissioned Officer in the U.S. Public Health Service, was
appointed Assistant Surgeon General, with the rank of Rear Admiral. Rich has served in a variety of
different capacities since joining EPA in 1971. From 1971 to 1978 and 1982 to 1990, he worked in the
Office of Radiation Programs, where he became Office Director in 1988. Rich also worked in the Office
of Toxic Substances from 1978 to 1982 in several management positions. Rich is a graduate of the
University of Notre Dame, earned a Master's of Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and
holds a Master's of Science in Environmental Health from Harvard University.
C. Bowdoin Train
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Since April 29, 1991, Bowdoin Train has held the position of Deputy Assistant Administrator of the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. During his tenure as DAA, he has concentrated on
RCRA implementation. Oil Pollution Act implementation, and RCRA and Superfund Reauthorization.
Prior to joining EPA, Bowdy practiced law for eight years with a private firm. He is a graduate of the
Georgetown University Law Center, and received his undergraduate degree in Economics and
Environmental Studies from Trinity College.
FUNCTIONS
Q Provides oversight of national programs dealing with existing hazardous waste sites and the
environmental emergencies they cause.
Q Manages solid and hazardous wastes to prevent pollution or minimize future sites.
Q Manages programs to respond to hazards from underground storage tanks.
Q Promotes state, local, and international readiness to meet and mitigate the effects of chemical
emergencies, including oil spills.
Q Develops, administers, and enforces regulations or rules to achieve objectives.
Q Serves as a liaison with Congress to seek statutory changes to waste laws as necessary, and
explain and defend policies, specific actions, and budget proposals.
Q Responsible for outreach to industry, environmental, consumer, and public interest groups.
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Office Profiles Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Page 9-3
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA)
In 1965, Congress passed the Solid Waste Disposal Act, the first Federal law to require safeguards and
encourage environmentally sound methods for disposal of household, municipal, commercial, and
industrial refuse. Congress amended this law in 1970 by enacting the Resource Recovery Act.and again
in 1976 by enacting the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The primary goals of RCRA
are to: protect human health and the environment from the potential hazards of waste disposal;
conserve energy and natural resources; reduce the amount of waste generated, including hazardous
waste; and ensure that wastes are managed in an environmentally sound manner.
The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) significantly expand the scope of RCRA.
HSWA was created in large part in response to strong citizen concerns that existing methods of
hazardous waste disposal, particularly land disposal, were not safe.
RCRA is divided into several subtitles. These subtitles set forth a framework for EPA's comprehensive
waste management programs; establish a system for controlling hazardous waste from generation until
ultimate disposal; establish a system for controlling solid (primarily nonhazardous) waste; and regulate
toxic substances and petroleum products stored in underground tanks.
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY ACT(CERCLA)
Congress enacted the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, in 1980. This law provided broad Federal authority and
resources to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that could
endanger human health or the environment. CERCLA established a $ 1.6 billion Hazardous Substance
Trust Fund to pay for remediation of abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. The law also
authorized enforcement action and cost recovery from parties responsible for a release.
In 1986, Congress passed the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). This law
reauthorized the Superfund program forfive years, and more than quintupled the size of the Trust Fund
to $8.5 billion. SARA strengthened and expanded the remedial program and focused on the need for
emergency preparedness and community right-to-know. SARA also established a $500 million Trust
Fund, supported by a gasoline tax, to address leaks from underground storage tanks. SARA was
scheduled for reauthorization in October, 1991; however, Congress extended the SARA authorities for
three years, until 1994.
Provisions in Title III of SARA address the Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know program.
There are four major elements of this program: 1) designating State Emergency Response Commissions
and Local Emergency Planning Committees that are responsible for developing local contingency
plans; 2) requiring immediate notification by chemical handlers when there has been a release of a
hazardous chemical: 3) requiring handlers to provide information to the local committee and to the
public on the chemicals they produce, use, or store; and, 4) requiring chemical handlers to report any
emissions of hazardous chemicals to EPA annually.
OIL POLLUTION ACT (OPA)
In 1990, Congress enacted the Oil Pollution Act (OPA). The OPA is a comprehensive environmental
statute that expands oil spill prevention, preparedness, and response capabilities of the Federal
government and industry. Responsibilities to implement the OPA are shared by EPA and the
Department of Transportation.
The OPA established a new liability and compensation regime, including the one billion dollar Oil Spill
Liability Trust Fund, for oil pollution incidents. In addition to setting specific liability limits, the law
expands both the scope of damages for which oil dischargers may be liable and Federal enforcement
authorities.
The OPA requires that owners and operators of certain vessels and facilities prepare response plans
for worst case spills. The law also requires revisions to the National Oil and Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP) to expand Federal removal authority, add responsibilities for Federal
on-scene-coordinators, and broaden coordination and preparedness planning requirements.
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Page 9-4
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
REAUTHORIZATION OF THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSA-
TION AND LIABILITY ACT (CERCLA)
Congressional hearings are expected to begin on CERCLA reauthorization in the Spring of 1993.
Reauthorization is expected to be controversial, involving many groups representing various special
interests. In particular, legislation is possible in 1993 on municipal liability issues (the extent of
liability under CERCLA for the disposal of municipal solid waste). Other significant reauthorization
issues include CERCLA's joint and several liability and enforcement provisions, the role of states in the
Superfund process, the selection of remedies at Superfund sites, and the standards to which sites are
cleaned.
FACILITY OIL SPILL RESPONSE PLANS
The Oil Pollution Act requires that certain oil storage and handling facilities submit an oil spill response
plan to EPA by February 18, 1993, or stop handling, storing or transporting oil. Congress and the
petroleum industry are very concerned about the impending deadline which could impact several
thousand facilities. EPA's proposed regulation, which wiD include criteria that define how these oil
storage and handling facilities will be selected, is currently undergoing OMB review.
CONTRACTOR INDEMNIFICATION UNDER CERCLA
Under CERCLA, EPA may provide indemnification protection to Superfund contractors cleaning up
Superfund waste sites. Although CERCLA requires that limits be established, EPA's practice under
current guidelines is to provide unlimited protection. Recently EPA issued procurements for
Superfund cleanup contractors without offering indemnification in order to test whether EPA can
obtain adequate competition for contracts without offering indemnification. Revised guidelines are
also pending at OMB which will set indemnification limits for old or extant contracts and for new
contracts where indemnification is offered. Hazardous waste contractors {primarily members of the
Hazardous Waste Action Coalition) may continue to lobby EPA to provide indemnification. Addition-
ally, the Departments of Defense and Energy have proposed their own policies on contractor
indemnification. The resolution of these issues within the Federal government is likely to be
controversial.
CLEANING UP AMERICA: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES REMEDIATION
Over the last decade, major efforts to remediate contaminated sites were mounted at the Federal, state
and local level. Efforts under Superfund, RCRA , and Underground Tank programs, along with a large
number of state initiatives, are underway. But experience with these programs has led to significant
debate over the feasibility, cost, and speed of cleaning up such sites. This multi-faceted issue centers
around speeding cleanup to reduce risks at all sites versus final remedy and restoration at a smaller
number of sites. Addressing the issue brings into play groundwater protection, land use. the
capabilities of today's remediation technologies, and societal costs of these programs. EPA is being
looked to to lead these debates and take actions to speed cleanup.
RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT (RCRA) - LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS
COUHT DECISION
RCRA regulations provide that certain hazardous wastes not be disposed of on land unless they have
first been treated by methods which substantially reduce toxicity and minimize short and long-term
threats to human health and the environment. In response to recent challenges to these land disposal
restrictions, the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals issued a major decision in September,
1992, vacating certain land disposal treatment standards established under RCRA, and remanding
others for reconsideration. EPA has requested that the Court stay the effective date of its decision by
90 days in order to allow the Agency time to clariiy requirements and avoid a major disruption in the
nation's hazardous waste management system. EPA is currently considering various regulatory
alternatives to address the issues raised by the Court.
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Office Profiles Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Page 9-5
RCRA "MIXTURE" AND "DERIVED FROM" RULES
Under the RCRA "mixture" and "derived-from" rules, certain wastes mixed with hazardous wastes or
derived from hazardous wastes must be managed as hazardous wastes whether or not they pose a risk
to human health or the environment. Most parties recognize that this approach results in unneces-
sarily stringent requirements for certain low risk wastes. EPA is working with states, industry and the
environmental community to respond to litigation and a statutory mandate to revise these regulations.
This effort is known as the Hazardous Waste Identification Rule. EPA plans to work with the states,
and to hold a series of public meetings starting in December, 1992 to develop options for amending the
rules. We plan to present options to EPA management in the Spring of 1993, issue a new proposal in
the Fall of 1993, and the final rule by the Fall of 1994.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES (CHEMICAL RELEASES)
In the event of a significant accidental release of chemicals or oil, there is a system authorized under
the Clean Water Act and CERCLA for galvanizing Agency, interagency, and Emergency Operations
Center support. EPA chairs the National Response Team, the fifteen agencies having responsibilities
for environmental emergency response, preparedness, and mitigation. In the event that there is a major
chemical accident, there could be intense Congressional and public pressure for the new Administra-
tion to create the long overdue Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board required by the Clean
Air Act. The Board is to investigate accidents and make recommendations for regulations. The Bush
Administration issued an intent to nominate members to the Board, but no names were submitted to
the Congress.
CLEAN AIR STATUTORY DEADLINES-ACCIDENTAL RELEASES
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 required a Presidential review of Federal chemical accident
prevention, mitigation, and response authorities to clarify and coordinate Federal agency responsibili-
ties and make recommendations to Congress for needed statutory changes by November 15, 1992. A
report, currently under Executive Branch review, sets the stage for significant regulatory streamlining
in the complex, confusing, duplicative, and costly hazardous materials safety system. A proposed
second phase of this study could offer opportunities for achieving significant program efficiencies. The
CAA also calls for EPA to promulgate rules to define the regulated universe (list of chemicals and
thresholds) by November 15, 1992 and to outline prevention requirements by November 15, 1993.
While OMB has approved the release of the proposed list rule, it has not yet released the prevention
requirements. Industry, which is implementing related OSHA rules, wants the rules issued so that they
may structure complementary programs; states also need them to structure their programs for
approval by the Agency.
SITE-SPECIFIC CLEANUP, ENFORCEMENT AND PERMITTING ISSUES
Under CERCLA and RCRA, controversial site-specific cases frequently arise. Three very visible cases
are illustrative:
Kennecott Corporation Negotiations: In March, 1992, EPA, the Utah Department of Environmental
Quality, and Kennecott Corporation entered into an Agreement in Principle for Kennecott's comprehen-
sive cleanup of contamination at its copper mining operations. This is a pilot proj ect under a Superfund
program initiative to speed cleanups. The Agreement provides that as long as Kennecott is fulfilling
its obligations, EPA and the State of Utah will defer actions to include Kennecott's facilities on the
Superfund National Priorities List (NPL). Although EPA does not consider the agreement to be a
"voluntary cleanup," groups outside EPA consider it a potential model because of the deferred listing
provision. The ongoing consent decree negotiations are being closely followed by other parties with
Superfund responsibilities.
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Page 9-6 Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office Profiles
Waste Technologies Industry Incinerator Permit: Incinerators, like other types of hazardous waste
disposal facilities, are always of concern to the communities in which they are located. As an example,
citizens of East Liverpool. Ohio, together with environmental groups, have been fighting Waste
Technologies Industries' attempt to construct and operate an incinerator. They have used a hunger
strike, civil disobedience, and legal challenges to the permitting process. Opponents to the facility have
disputed EPA's issuance of the original permit in 1983. as well as the Agency's more recent granting
of several permit modifications. Under RCRA, all incineration facilities (except those at Superfund sites)
must meet rigorous permit and inspection conditions designed to ensure the safe destruction of wastes
and the protection of people in the community and the environment. At this time. Waste Technologies
Industry has completed construction, and should soon begin conducting a trial burn. Citizen
opposition remains high.
United States v. Marine Shale Processors. Inc: On June 14, 1990, the United States filed a multi-
media civil judicial enforcement action against Marine Shale Processors, Inc. of St. Mary Parish,
Louisiana pursuant to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and the Clean Water Act. Marine
Shale is the largest burner of hazardous waste in the country. The United States alleges that Marine
Shale is a "sham" recycler that has been improperly operating without a RCRA permit and is violating
RCRA by placing hazardous waste on the ground at its Louisiana facility that exceed EPA's treatment
standards. Marine Shale claims not to operate an incinerator but to run an exempt recycling operation
which burns hazardous waste in order to recover the fuel value in the waste and produce a product
(basically incinerator ash), which it markets as "aggregate" or fill material.
Capacity Assurance Plans: In order to receive funding for Superfund cleanups, states must ensure
they have treatment and disposal capacity to manage the hazardous waste they generate for the next
20 years. States prepare "capacity assurance plans" to demonstrate how they will assure capacity for
this period. The first plans were submitted to EPA in 1989. They sparked arguments between states
over which ones were doing their "fair share" to treat and dispose of hazardous waste from other states.
As a result. EPA is revising the process, with state involvement to provide for more equitable sharing
of the burden of hazardous waste disposal. New capacity assurance plans will be due in late 1993.
States that cannot demonstrate adequate capacity will be forced to choose between siting unpopular
hazardous waste management facilities or losing their Superfund money.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency .Response
Page 9-7
RESOURCES
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
$1,882
$1
$524
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1990
1991
1992
1993
Workyears
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
3.697 3.744
1.632
1984
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
In the late 1980s, resources increased to support the Superfund and the Leaking
Underground Storage Tank (LUST) programs. These resources have leveled off in
the last few years.
The FY 1986 dollar decrease was due to the delay in Superfund reauthorization.
Current authorization of Superfund expires in FY 1994.
Steady increases in workyears have been for the Superfund program, although this
leveled off after 1991.
In 1993 OSWER supported geographic initiatives, including the Gulf of Mexico, and
Oil Pollution Act initiatives.
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Page 9-8
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM |
Request!
OMB HH Presidents f I Operating
Request HH Budget tI Plan
1989
Workyears
1990 1991
INPM ||i|OIUB m President's
Request ilia Request tOOa Budget
199?
'.3SS.
1 Operating
Jplan
The RCRA hazardous waste program has experienced steady growth, especially in
enforcement and state grants.
Superfund and LUST operating plans have been relatively stable since 1990.
Resources for the oil spills program have increased since 1992 to fund mandates
required by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-9
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)'
Dollars in Millions
$406
$119
(3
wซx^__^X
1984
1993
I HQ D REGIONS
Workyears
1984
1993
I HQ D REGIONS
The resource increase in the regions reflects delegation of Superfund site activities to
the regions.
Workyear growth was mostly in the Superfund program. Regions have been
delegated much of the program authority.
The hazardous waste program experienced growth due to the 1984 amendments to
RCRA. Program implementation is at the regional and state levels.
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Page 9-10
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
2000
1500
1000
500
$321
$1,561
$392
.$1,488
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
(Operating I ISuperfund/
Programs I I LUST
Workyears
2500
2000 -
1500 -
1000 -
500 -
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Ope rating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Operating Program increases fund RCRA reform initiatives and the Agency's
statutory mandates and geographic themes. The Underground Storage Tank
Program requests increases for state grants. The Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Program proposes increases for international
preparedness and Clean Air Act activities.
The 1994 Superfund request is less than previous requests, acknowledging the
previous Congressional enacted levels.
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) resources have remained steady. Four
additional workyears were requested for 1994.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OSWER
Page 9-11
Less
Than 3 45%
HS
10.58%
13.32%
34.36%
36.15%
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Page 9-12
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRABS
CO
I
a
ui
cc
UI
i
200 i
175-
150-
125-'S
100-
Engineering Business, Agriculture, Env Sci,
Comm, Law, Health & Bio Physical
Public Aff Sciences Science
Science Disciplines
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-13
TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION OFFICE
LEADERSHIP
J-V
Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency
Response
Technology
Innovation Office
Walter W. Kovallck, Jr.
Director
Walt Kovallck came to the Technology Innovation
Office from a position as the Deputy Director of the
Superfund program. Prior to that, he worked in
the Office of Toxic Substances on cross-program
and cross-agency regulation of chemicals, the
hazardous waste regulatory program, and the
early clean air programs both in headquarters and
in Regions IV and V. He has served as an EPA
representative and consultant on chemical, haz-
ardous waste, and technology issues to several
countries and international organizations. Walt
received a Bachelor's degree in Industrial Engi-
neering from Northwestern University, a Master's
in Business Administration from Harvard Busi-
ness School, and a Doctorate in Public Adminis-
tration and Policy from Virginia Tech.
FUNCTIONS
Advocates the use of new technologies for site cleanup of Superfund, RCRA corrective action,
and underground storage tank sites.
Deals with information. Institutional, and regulatory barriers to the use of these technologies.
Collaborates with technology vendors and users, consulting engineers, and other Federal
Agencies.
Develops new electronic communication systems as needed and provides for necessary
training.
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Page 9-14
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
SUPERFUND REV1TALIZATION
OFFICE
Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency
Response
" 5 '
f ,
V .>
Superfund
Revitalization
Office
LEADERSHIP
Timothy Fields, Jr.
Director
Tim Fields was appointed to be Director of the
Superfund Revitalization Office In February. 1992.
Prior to this, he was Deputy Director of the Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response for two and
one-half years, after serving as the Director of the
Emergency Response Division for over four years.
Tim has been employed by EPA in a variety of
positions for more than 21 years. He has a B.S.
degree in Industrial Engineering from Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University (Vir-
ginia Tech), and an M.S. degree in Operations
Research from George Washington University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Provides leadership to the development of new and innovative programs to revitalize
Superfund.
Q Integrates efforts of Fund and enforcement-lead activities under Superfund.
Q Oversees responses to controversial issues by Fund and enforcement program areas.
Q Evaluates program successes and determines the need for changing direction in the
Superfund program.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-15
CHEMICAL EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS AND PREVENTION
OFFICE
Assistant Administrator for
Solid Waste and Emergency
Response
NV, i/
\
* N
Chemical
Emergency
Preparedness and
Prevention Office
'*" \'<-v5/,' ""ฃ."?" X %
?,'.- '.'
LEADERSHIP
Jim Makris
Director
Jim Makris is the Emergency Coordinator and the
Chairman of the National Incident Coordination
Team, which coordinates EPA's activities during a
national or international environmental incident.
He directed EPA's effort in the Exxon Valdez oil spill,
the Arabian Gulf oil spill and the Kuwaiti oil field
fires. Jim is also Chairman of the National Re-
sponse Team, which is an organization of 15
Federal agencies responsible for coordinating
Federal planning, preparedness, and response
actions. He held various positions in emergency
management at the Department of Housing and
Urban Development, the Federal Disaster Assis-
tance Administration, and the Federal Emergency
Management Agency before joining EPA in 1984.
Jim received a degree in Business from the Univer-
sity of New Hampshire and a Law degree from
George Washington University.
FUNCTIONS
Develops, manages, and implements EPA's chemical emergency preparedness and prevention
programs.
Prepares community right-to-know regulations, guidance materials, technical assistance,
training, and other activities as authorized by CERCLA and SARA.
Provides the secretariat for, and policy, administrative support and coordination to, the
national and regional response teams.
Manages the National Incident Coordination Team for nationally significant emergencies.
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Page 9-16
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF WASTE PROGRAMS
ENFORCEMENT
*--.r,, ' '"'"*,
Program
^v Management
"V and Support
"^ฐ ^taff
oldil
s' ฐ" '\|vTs >< ' ' "'
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CERCLA
Enforcement
Division
-
RCRA
Enforcement
Division
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,
-
, '
LEADERSHIP
Bruce M. Diamond
Director
Bruce Diamond has served as Director since Au-
gust, 1988. Rejoined EPAin 1974, and until 1983
held a variety of positions in the Office of General
Counsel. Immediately prior to his current posi-
tion, he served for over three years as Regional
Counsel in Region III (Philadelphia). Bruce was an
Associate Professor of Law at Rutgers University
Law School from 1983-1984. He received a B.A. in
Biology from the University of Pennsylvania and a
J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School.
Elaine G. Stanley
Deputy Director
Elaine Stanley was named Deputy Director in July, 1988, and has served in a variety of management
and staff positions in the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. She has served as the Director
of the RCRA Enforcement Division, Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, and Special Assistant to the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. Prior to joining EPA, Elaine worked for the State of Minnesota and the Twin Cities
Metropolitan Council. She received her B.A from Goucher College and her M.A. in Regional Planning
from the University of North Carolina.
FUNCTIONS
Develops guidance, policy, and direction for a national program of technical compliance and
enforcement under CERCLA and RCRA by regional and state offices.
Serves as the national technical expert for all matters relating to RCRA and CERCLA
compliance and enforcement.
Assists the regions in resolving disputes with Federal facilities over compliance and response
matters.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-17
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Sally S. Mansbach, Director
CERCLA Enforcement Division
Sally Mansbach has been the Director of the CERCLA Enforcement Division since 1991. She came to
the Agency in 1985, from the Department of Labor as the Senior Budget Officer and resources
management analyst in the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring. She moved to the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response in 1988 as the Deputy Director of the CERCLA Enforcement
Division. Salty has a B.A. from Goucher College and a Master's degree from the Kennedy School of
Government, Harvard University.
Susan E. Bromm, Acting Director
RCRA Enforcement Division
Susan Bromm has been with the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response in various positions
involving development, implementation, and enforcement of regulations under the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) since November, 1980. Previously, she was the Deputy Director of the
Permits and State Programs Division. Susan has a B.S. from the State University of New York and a
J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center.
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Page 9^18
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND
REMEDIAL RESPONSE
-. . j*\v f- ", f, f :
Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
*:
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Hazardous Site
Evaluation Division
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Hazardous Site
Control Division
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LEADERSHIP
Henry L. Longest II
Director
Henry Longest joined the hazardous waste cleanup
program In 1985 after having served as Acting
Assistant Administrator In the Office of Water.
Having joined EPA in 1970; Henry's experience
Includes administration of EPA's major water pro-
grams dealing with wastewater treatment plant
construction grants, water quality standards, per-
mits, drinking water, and oceans. Prior to his
Headquarters assignment, Henry served as Water
Planning and Standards Branch Chief in Philadel-
phia; Water Division Director in Chicago; and
Acting Deputy Regional Administrator In Dallas.
He has also worked for the E. I. Du Pont Company
as a construction engineer and with the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers as a hydraulic engineer in the
field of water resources. Following graduation
from the University of Maryland, Henry served a
tour of duty In the U.S. Air Force.
Stephen D. Luftig
Acting Deputy Director
Steve Luftig joined OERR in 1990, after having served several years as the Superfund Division Director
in the New York regional office. He began his EPA career In 1972, with Region II. His experience there
includes positions in wastewater management, policy planning, program evaluation, and hazardous
waste cleanup. His educational background includes a Master's degree in Civil (sanitary) Engineering
from New York University and a B.S. degree In Chemical Engineering from the City College of New York.
Steve has also worked for the Allied-Signal Corporation and Exxon, Inc. as an environmental and
chemical engineer.
FUNCTIONS
Develops national policies for the control of abandoned hazardous waste sites.
Develops national policies for response to, and prevention of, oil and hazardous substance
spills.
Provides direction, guidance, and support to the Environmental Response Team located in
Edison, New Jersey.
Directs and monitors the performance, progress, and fiscal status of the regional offices
implementing the cleanup of abandoned hazardous waste sites.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-19
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Deborah T. Dietrich, Acting Director
Emergency Response Division
Debbie Dietrich Joined the program in 1986 after a ten-year career at the Department of Energy. At
Energy, Debbie began her career as a budget intern and held a variety of positions in the management
and budget fields. Since joining EPA, she has held several positions in the Superfund program,
including Chief of Financial and Administrative Management, Director of the Contract Operations,
Review and Assessment Staff, and Deputy Director of the Emergency Response Division. Debbie has
a B.S. degree in Business Administration from the University of Maryland.
Gerald M. Clifford, Director
Hazardous Site Control Division
Jerry Clifford became the Director of the Hazardous Site Control Division in January. 1992. after fifteen
years of service in Region IX. He has spent the last seven years in the Superfund program; most recently
directing all aspects of Superfund for the region. Jerry's experience spans hazardous and toxic waste
enforcement, leaking underground storage tanks, mobile source emission inspection programs, and
the air quality implementation program. Jerry began his EPA career in 1977. following graduate
studies at the University of Florida.
Larry G. Reed, Director
Hazardous Site Evaluation Division
Larry Reed joined the Superfund program in 1987 and has been acting/permanent Division Director
since 1989. He started with EPA as a management intern in 1973. His previous experience includes
planning and evaluation, research and development, TSCA, and water enforcement. He also served
as Deputy Division Director for Planning and Management in the Chicago regional office. He received
a B.A degree from Youngstown State University and a M.PA. degree from Harvard University.
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Page 9-20
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE
LEADERSHIP
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Sylvia K. Lowrance
Director
Sylvia Lowrance has been the Director since April,
1988. Prior to that, she served as Director of the
Characterization and Assessment Division. During
the last ten years, she has managed policy and
technical guidance development for the national
RCRA enforcement program; served as a senior
advisor on the RCRA and CERCLA enforcement
programs; and managed policy development for
the Superfund program. Sylvia also has experi-
ence working in the Office of Water.. Prior to
joining the Agency, she worked In government
relations for a number of associations. Sylvia
holds a B-A. from the University of Michigan and
a J.D. from Catholic University of America. She
also serves as a professional teacher of law at
George Washington University.
Jeffery D. Denit
Deputy Director
Jeff Denit has been Deputy Director since November, 1985. Since coming to EPA in 1970, he has
served in the Office of Research and Development as well as the Office of Water, where he was Director
of the Industrial Technology Division. Jeff received both a B.S. and a M.S. from Clemson University
in Agricultural Economics, and a second M.S. in Sanitary Engineering from the University of North
Carolina.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops and implements a national program for "cradle-to-grave" management of hazardous
and solid wastes.
Q Establishes and evaluates Agencywide hazardous and solid waste program policy and
research requirements.
P, Develops policy, regulations, and guidance for the permitting of hazardous waste storage,
treatment, and disposal facilities.
'-' Develops and implements a RCRA state authorization program.
Develops regulations which define hazardous wastes, list waste streams, and characterize
hazardous wastes.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-21
DIVISION DIRECTORS
David Bussard, Director
Characterization and Assessment Division
David Bussard has held this position since September, 1988, after serving as Deputy Director. He
previously served as a Special Assistant to the Director of the Office of Solid Waste, and held positions
in the Office of Toxic Substances and the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation. David received a
B.S. in Biochemistry from Harvard, where he also graduated from the Kennedy School of Government.
Prior to coining to EPA, David worked at Harvard and MIT for two years on policy research projects in
education, labor, economics, and regulatory policy.
Devereaux Barnes, Director
Permits and State Programs Division
Dev Barnes joined the Office of Solid Waste in April, 1988. Formerly the Director of the Industrial
Technology Division in the Office of Water, he has been with EPA since 1974. Before joining EPA, Dev
worked in the chemical industry. He has a B.S. and M.S. In Chemical Engineering and is a registered
professional engineer in the State of Maryland.
Bruce Weddle, Director
Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division
Bruce Weddle has held this position since the program was formed in September, 1988 to bring together
all of the Office of Solid Waste's activities related to municipal waste. Bruce joined the Office of Solid
Waste in 1970, serving as Director of Permits and State Programs Division and in other management
positions. HehasaB.S. from Clarkson University, and a M.B.A. from Xavier University. Before coming
to EPA, Bruce was an engineer with the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company.
Mathew A. Strauss. Director
Waste Management Division
Mathew Strauss, a career Public Health Service officer, has been in this position since October, 1991.
Matt has worked in the Office of Solid Waste since June, 1974, in various management positions. He
has a B.S. in Civil Engineering from the University of Maryland.
Loretta A. Marzetti, Director
Communications, Analysis & Budget Division
Loretta Marzetti has directed this division since it was formed in October, 1990. She is currently
responsible for economic analyses for regulation development, strategic planning, and policy analysis.
She joined the Agency in 1982 as a senior analyst in the Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation and
was responsible for the oversight of the Agency's hazardous waste management programs. She has
also been the Program Director for the RCRA information system. Loretta received a B.A. from Catholic
University.
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Page 9-22
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF UNDERGROUND STORAGE
TANKS
Office of Underground
Storage Tanks
Implementation
Division
Policy and
Standards
Division
LEADERSHIP
David W. Ziegele
Director
David Ziegele was named Acting Director of the
Office of Underground Storage Tanks in January,
1991 and was appointed permanent Director in
October, 1991.. He served from 1981to 1990 in the
Program Evaluation Division in the Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation, and was Director of that
division from 1987 until 1990. He worked in
program management and volunteer support at
Peace Corps Headquarters, and served for two
years as a Peace Corps construction manager in
Togo. West Africa. David received a BJV. degree
from the University of Iowa and a Master's degree
in Public Administration from the University of
Southern California.
Lisa C. Lund
Deputy Director
Lisa Lund became Deputy Director of the Office of Underground Storage Tanks in January, 1992.
Before Joining EPA, Lisa was the Underground Storage Tank (UST) Program Manager for the Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality. Prior to working there, she held various positions in the private
sector, where she was responsible for research and development work for analytical chemistry
laboratories and manufacturing companies. Lisa earned a Bachelor's degree in Environmental
Microbiology from the University of Tennessee.
FUNCTIONS
Regulates underground storage tanks that contain petroleum and hazardous substances.
Plans, implements, and oversees the use of the Leaking Underground Storage Tank Trust Fund
established by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act to address leaking
underground storage tanks.
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Dana S. Tulis, Acting Director
Implementation Division
Dana Tulis joined the Office of Underground Storage Tanks in August, 1987. Before coming to EPA
she worked for ICF Inc. Dana has a B.A. degree in Biology/Psychology from Colby College and an MA.
degree in Environmental Science Engineering from Duke University.
Sammy K. Ng, Acting Director
Policy and Standards Division
Sammy Ngjoined the Office of Underground Storage Tanks in 1985 after working in the Office of Toxic
Substances and the Office of Water. Before coming to EPA, he worked as a microbiologist for the Dow
Corning Corporation in Midland, Michigan. Sammy has a B.A. degree in Bacteriology from the
University of California at Berkeley, an M J\. degree in Microbiology from Indiana University, and an
M.B.A. degree from Stanford University.
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Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-23
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-3 Occupational Health and Safety
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-11 Interagency Agreements
1-15 Cash Awards
1 - 17A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1 - 17B International Travel Authorizations
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1 - 45 Intergovernmental Review Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 40 CFR Part 29
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
CLEAN WATER ACT
2 - 15A Determinations of Imminent and Substantial Endangerment
2 - 28 Product Placement on NCP Schedule
2-29 Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8 - 4 Petitions for Equivalent Testing Methods
8-15 Distribution of Federal Financial Assistance Within States
8-16 Employment Shifts and Loss
8-17 Solid Waste Management Technical Training Assistance
8 - 18B Solid Waste Management Training Assistance
8-19 Actions on De-Listing Petitions to Exclude a Waste Produced at a Particular Facility
8 - 20 Monitoring, Testing, Analysis and Reporting
8-24 Inspections and Information Gathering
8-25 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
8-31 Determination That There Is Or Has Been a Release
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Page 9-24 Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office Profiles
8-32 Administrative Enforcement: Corrective Action Authority: Issuance of Orders and Signing of
Consent Agreements
8-33 Selection and Performance of Federal Corrective Actions at Leaking Storage Tanks
8-34 Reimbursement - Studies of Underground Storage Tanks
8-36 Codification of Approved State Programs
8-37 Requiring Corrective Actions for Releases of Petroleum From Underground Storage Tanks
8-40 Actions on Case-by-Case Extension Petitions
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT
14 - 2A Removal Actions Initially Expected to Cost Over $2M and Continued Removal Actions After
Obligations of $2M (Pursuant to Emergency Waiver)
14 - 2B Removal Actions Initially Expected to Cost Over $2M and Continued Removal Actions After
Obligations of $2M (Pursuant to the Consistency Waiver)
14-5 Selection of Remedial Actions
14- 17A National Priorities List: Federal Register Submission of Proposed and Final Additions and
Deletions
14- 17B National Priorities List: Restoring Sites, Petitions to Assess, Evaluations of Serious Threats
and Redetermining Priority
14-29 Investigations and Evaluations of Employment Shifts and Loss
14-34 Waiver of Permit Requirements in the State of Illinois
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
22-4 Notification by States of Facilities Subject to Planning Requirements
22-7 Trade Secrets
22-3-A Administrative Enforcement Actions
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
12-25 Chemical Emergency Planning and Preparedness, Prevention, and Right-to-Know
Programs: Assistance to Indian Tribes
12-26 Chemical Emergency Planning and Preparedness, Prevention, and Right-to-Know
Programs: Assistance to States
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Page 9-25
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Pre-EPA
Oept. of Health
Education &
welfare
Department
of
Interior
Department
of
Agriculture
1
Food & Drug
Administration
Atomic Energy
Commission
1970
Water Quality
Office
Air Pollution
Control Office
Pesticides
Office
Radiation
Office
Solid waste
1972
1973
Administrator for
Categorical
Programs
Assistant
Administrator for
Hazardous
Materials Control
1974
1976
RCRA
1979
Noise, Radiation & Solid Waste
Assistant Administra
tor for Air & Waste
Management
Water
:sASS:
Air, Noise, Radiation
Istanp-.-; 'r
Administrator for
Viper & Waste
Management
Water
1981
CERCLA
Superfund
1985
Assistant Administrator
for Solid Waste &
Emergency Response
_ Sup_erfund_
_ UnderflrQud_StorageJajiks_
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Page 9-26 Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of
Federal environmental activities into a single agency. EPA inherited its solid waste program from the
Department of Health, Education and Welfare's Bureau of Solid Waste Management.
In 1970. EPA's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, published an organizational order in which
the five principal programs: solid waste, pesticides, water, air and radiation were retained under the
management of commissioners. This was done to assure continuity of program operations and to allow
time to consider the eventual organizational structure. Also at this time, EPA established a presence
in the newly organized Federal structure which divided the country into 10 regions.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
In 1971, EPA set up its permanent organizational structure replacing its five commissioners with two
Assistant Administrators: one for Air and Water Programs, the other for Categorical Programs. The solid
waste program was combined with the radiation and pesticides programs under an Assistant
Administrator for Categorical Programs.
In the early years, the solid waste program continued to be aligned with the Categorical AAship. In
1973, this AAship made an effort to clarify its function with a more descriptive name and retitled itself
the Office of Hazardous Materials Control. The 1970's for EPA were characterized by heavy legislative
and regulatory activity. In order to balance the workload, a major realignment of functions took place
between the two AAships in 1974. EPA retained the two program AAship structure, but programs for
solid waste and air were combined under an Air and Waste Management AAship.
The 1976 passage of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act directed EPA to carry out its first
large-scale waste program. EPA responded with an organizational change that transferred the solid
waste program from the Air and Waste Management AAship to the other AAship, Water and Hazardous
Materials. In 1979, the Office of Water and Hazardous Materials emphasized RCRA's impact on the
organization by retitling itself the Office of Water and Waste Management.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
In 1980, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLAor
"Superfund"), mandated the establishment of an Assistant Administrator to operate the program. In
1981. EPA combined the Superfund and RCRA programs into a new AAship, the Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response. OSWER consisted of three offices: the Office of Solid Waste in charge of
RCRA activities; the Office of Remedial Response in charge of Superfund activities; and the Office of
Waste Program Enforcement responsible for enforcement activities related to both programs.
The RCRA reauthorization lead to the establishment of a new office in 1985, the Office of Underground
Storage Tanks. In 1986 OSWER established the Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention
Office to carry out Emergency Preparedness and Community Right-to-Know functions. In 1990, this
was joined by the Technology Innovation Office which was also established in the immediate office of
the Assistant Administrator. In 1992, a third staff office was added, the Superfund Revitalization
Office, creating the organizational structure within which the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response currently operates.
-------
AIR & RADIATION
-------
Section 10
OFFICE OF AIR AND RADIATION
Office of Program
Management
Operations
Assistant Administrator.for
Air and Radiation
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Criteria and
Standards Division
Radiation Studies
Division
Office of Radiation
Programs
(Las Vegas)
National Air and
Radiation Environ-
mental Laboratory
Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards
Planning and
Management Staff
Air Quality Management
Division
Emissions Standards
Division
Technical Support
Division
Stationary Source
Compliance Division
Radon Division
Indoor Air Division
Office of Mobile
Sources.
Program
Management Office
Regulatory
Development &
External Affairs
Office
Emission Planning
and Strategies
Division
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Certification Division
Engineering
Operations Division
Regulation Develop-
ment and Support
Division
Manufacturers
Operations Division
Field Operations and
SupfX)rt Division
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Page 10-2
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
William G. Rosenberg
Assistant Administrator, Office of Air and Radiation
Bill Rosenberg has served as Assistant Administrator of the Office of Air and Radiation since May, 1989.
Before corning to EPA, he served for two years as Assistant Administrator for Energy Resource
Development at the Federal Energy Administration. Prior to working for EPA, he spent a combined total
of 19 years with a company engaged in income-producing real estate, a real-estate development and
syndication firm, and a Detroit law firm. He holds a Law degree and an M.B.A. from Columbia
University, and is an alumnus of Syracuse University.
Michael H. Shapiro
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Michael H. Shapiro has served as Deputy Assistant Administrator of the Office of Air and Radiation
since 1989. During the previous nine years, he held a number of positions in the Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances, including Division Director and Acting Deputy Director of the Office of Toxic
Substances, and Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator. Before joining the Agency, Mike was on the
faculty of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; he also served as a
consultant for a research and engineering company. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental
Engineering from Harvard University and has an undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering
from Lehlgh University.
Thomas C. Klernan, Deputy Assistant Administrator
Office of Air and Radiation
Thomas C. Kiernan has served as Deputy Assistant Administrator since January, 1992. Previously,
he served as the Assistant Administrator's Chief of Staff. Before coming to the Agency, he worked for
the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and Arthur Anderson and Company. He earned a
B.A. from Dartmouth College in Environmental Computer Modeling and an M.B.A. from Stanford
Graduate School of Business.
Jerry Kurtzweg, Director
Office of Program Management Operations
Jerry Kurtzweg has worked in the Office of Program Management Operations since 1980, first as the
Budget and Planning Staff Director, and becoming Office Director in 1984. Prior to that, he worked
as Director of the Land Use Policy Branch, and as a Section Chief in the air program in Seattle,
Washington. Jerry obtained his Master's degree in Planning from the University of Washington.
Robert D. Brenner, Director
Office of Policy Analysis and Review
Rob is the Director of OAR's Office of Policy Analysis and Review and serves on the Agency's Steering
Committee. His previous positions at EPA include staff director of the Agency's effort to reauthorize
the Clean Air Act, and senior policy analyst on electric utility issues. Before coming to EPA in 1979,
Rob worked at Princeton University's Center for International Studies. He holds Bachelor's and
Masters degrees in Economics and Public Policy from Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and
International Affairs.
FUNCTIONS
a
a
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Develops environmental and pollution sources standards.
Enforces environmental and pollution sources standards.
Manages mobile source air pollution control program.
Provides air quality planiiuig aim standards setting.
Develops voluntary programs to reduce exposure to radon and other indoor air pollutants.
Manages a program to reduce exposure to radiation through standards and guidelines.
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Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-3
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
CLEAN AIR ACT
The major objectives of the Clean Air Act are to protect and enhance air quality, to promote public health
and welfare, and to establish a national research development program for the prevention and control
of air pollution. The Act provides emission standards for industry and for hazardous pollutants as weD
as National Ambient Air Quality Standards. It establishes a mobile source air pollution control program
and provides for the prevention of significant deterioration of air quality in areas which have clean air.
ATOMIC ENERGY ACT
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 establishes standards for land disposal of high-level radioactive waste
and low-level natural and accelerator-produced radioactive waste. In addition, it directs the Agency
to issue guidance on exposure to radiation, including radiation protection for occupational exposure
of workers to ionizing radiation.
SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 (SARA)
SARA directs the Agency to reduce the level of indoor radon exposure, assess the significance of the
radon problem, and analyze the health risks associated with radon. SARA also directs the Agency to
develop measurement and mitigation techniques, identify high-risk lands, and ensure that quality
services are provided to the public for measurements and radon reductions.
NOISE CONTROL ACT
The Noise Control Act of 1972 provides for research to determine the effects of noise and ways to
promote noise control, and establishes noise emission standards for products distributed in commerce
and transportation vehicles. It requires labeling regulations for products which emit noise capable
of affecting public health. In 1982 Congress ceased to provide funds for activities under this Act.
WASTE ISOLATION PILOT PLANT, LAND WITHDRAWAL ACT
The Land Withdrawal Act was enacted in October, 1992, and authorizes EPA to oversee the Department
of Energy radioactive waste disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in New Mexico.
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
CLEAN AIR ACT IMPLEMENTATION
In the two years since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 became law, EPA has issued over 100
proposed and final rules, guidance, and other major regulatory actions. Despite this enormous growth
in regulatory activity, EPA has been sued by outside parties for failing to meet several statutory
requirements. These lawsuits mean that the air pollution control program is increasingly driven by
court-ordered deadlines.
OZONE AND CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAINMENT
Ninety-seven areas of the country do not meet national air quality standards for ozone (smog) and forty-
one areas do not meet air quality standards for carbon monoxide. Despite the Clean Air Act's new
requirements to address these problems, several uncertainties must be addressed over the next two
years, including: the appropriate role of NOx controls, given a recent study by the National Academy
of Sciences; and initiation of a review of new health data and possible impacts on ozone standard.
OPERATING PERMITS
A major reform in the 1990 Amendments was the addition of new operating permit programs to be
established by states. Several key issues regarding this program must be addressed in the next few
months Including 1) the outcome of litigation regarding several aspects of the final rule; 2) lack of state
legislation needed to initiate programs by November, 1993 deadline; and 3) uncertainties regarding the
relationship of permit programs with other provisions of the Act.
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Page 10-4 Office of Air and. Radiation Office Profiles
NEW SOURCE REVIEW PROGRAM
EPA's policy for determining the "best available control technology" for new sources in or near
unpolluted areas, such as national parks, continues to be controversial. A final decision on the BACT
policy will be required early in 1993.
NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD FOR SULFUR DIOXIDE
EPA has been sued to review the national ambient air quality standard for sulfur dioxide. This review,
which is required under the Clean Air Act, will be extremely controversial, especially for utilities that
are already required to implement control programs for acid rain.'
AIR TOXICS
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 completely revamped the national program for air toxics
control, shifting the Initial emphasis from a risk-based approach to a technology approach. However,
there are a number of outstanding and unresolved issues that must be addressed for air toxics,
including: 1) the extent to which risk analysis should be conducted before issuing technology
standards: 2) the resource and regulatory implications of the program being driven by lawsuit deadlines
(states required to act in absence of EPArules); and 3) the regulatory impact of a series of legislatively-
mandated studies to be completed in November, 1993 on Great Lakes, urban air toxics, and consumer
products.
STRATOSPHERIC OZONE PROTECTION
Continuing scientific analyses support the fact that ozone depletion is a major international
environmental risk. EPA is developing a rule to accelerate the phase-out of ozone depleting substances
to 1996 and working to strengthen international support for effective action to address this problem.
EPA may experience some controversy around the availability and acceptability of substitutes for
certain ozone depleting compounds.
REAUTHORIZATION OF RADON LEGISLATION
Both the House and Senate passed radon legislation in 1992; however, the bills did not make it to
conference. Both Houses are expected to act on legislation to reauthorize the Indoor Radon Abatement
Act of 1988 early in the next Congressional session. Hearings are expected in early 1993.
REFORMULATED GASOLINE
The Clean Air Act requires reformulated gasoline to be sold In the nine worst ozone nonattainment areas
beginning In 1995 and allows other nonattainment areas to opt-in to the program. The initial proposal
under this program was negotiated among interested parties and later amended to enhance the role
of ethanol. The model to be used for later stages of the program will be proposed soon. This complex
model will be reviewed closely by constitutents of all levels, including environmental groups, the
agricultural community, and other interested parties.
CALIFORNIA LOW EMISSION VEHICLE (LEV) STANDARDS
California has applied for a waiver for its 1904 light-d aty vehicle standard. While the waiver is working
its way through the approval process, issues involving the emissions credits available from EPA to
California anri otb.er states that cheese to adopt the California standards must also be resolved. While
this specific action applies to California, it is also of national significance because a number of states
are considering whether to "opt in" to the California standard in place of the Federal program.
FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION PLANS
Unless the court grants a stay, EPA must propose a Federal implementation plan (FIP) for Sacramento
by December 31. Depending on the Supreme Court, additional FIP proposals may be required during
1993. Given the short period of time given to develop the FIP and our lack of authority to implement
control measures compared to that of state and local agencies, the Agency could be required to propose
measures, such as early retirement of motor vehicles and off-road equiDment. that would be viev/ed
as overly severe.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Air and Radiation . Page 10-5
RADIOACTIVE WASTE
EPA issued environmental standards for the management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel, high-
level, and transuranic (DOE-produced) radioactive wastes in 1985. However, in 1987. the U.S. Court
of Appeals remanded a significant portion (Subpart B) of the High-Level Waste Rule. Under the new
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) legislation, EPA now has only 10 months, until April, 1993, to re-
promulgate the High Level Waste standard. The recent legislation also gives EPA a significant oversight
role over DOE waste disposal activities.
INDOOR AIR
Indoor air pollutants rank among the highest risk to human health. The Indoor Air Pollution Program
evaluates risks, works with other agencies, and provides technical assistance to states and other
groups to reduce the health effects of indoor air pollution. The recent Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Study (i.e., "Risk Assessment"), which shows the impact of tobacco smoke on health, will be
controversial and will require additional implementation strategies. The policy guide regarding
smoking in the workplace needs interagency vetting.
GLOBAL WARMING
The U. S. Senate ratified and the President formally approved the Framework Convention on Climate
Change on November, 1992. More recently, an interagency committee prepared a draft Action Plan to
fulfill the President's commitment to promote a prompt start to the convention. The new Administration
will have to revise the U. S. Action Plan for submission to the Conference of the Parties under the
Convention.
OXYGENATED FUEL IN ALASKA
Oxygenated fuel was required on November, 1992 inCOnonattainmentareas, including Fairbanks and
Anchorage, Alaska. Due to the cost of shipping gasoline additives, oxygenated fuel is significantly more
expensive in Alaska than it is in the lower 48 states. Concerned citizens and now legislators in Alaska
have questioned the effectiveness of oxygenated fuel to reduce CO in arctic conditions and are raising
concerns about its health effects.
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Page 10-6
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
600
500
400
300
200
100
Passage of 1990
Clean Air Act
Amendments
SI 78
S472
1984 1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Workyears
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
Passage of 1990
Clean Air Act
Amendments.
1,590
1.409
1.48S
1984
1985
1986
1987
1990
1991
Z213
1992
1993
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA) required a rapid increase in resources
beginning in FY 1991. Resources were used to write regulations for the new acid
rain emissions allowances trading program, state operating permits standards, air
toxics standards, increased state grants, etc.
OAR has also built two new major programs in the last five years: 1) Global Climate
Change and Stratospheric Ozone ( S3 workyears and $32 million) and; 2) Indoor
Air and Radon (120 workyears and $32 million).
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-7
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)"
Dollars in Millions
$109
1984
$234
1993
I HQ D REGIONS
Workyears
'65 1i248
1993
I HQ D REGIONS
Budget increases funded Clean Air Act (CAA) implementation, radon, global
climate change, and stratospheric ozone.
The initial investment for the Clean Air Act (CAA) implementation was primarily in
Headquarters. These Headquarters resources are required to write the regulations
and guidance needed to establish the new CAA programs. As OAR moves more
heavily into implementing these new CAA programs, the resource demand will shift
to the Regions.
-------
Page 10-8
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)"
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request E
i Presidents
I Budget
Operating
Plan
Workyears
3.000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1.000
500
0
1989
1990 1991
INPM r~"j OMB I
Request E3 Request I
1992
3 President's I j Operating
9 Budget I I Plan
1993
Generally, the NPM request is greater than the OMB request, which in turn is
greater than the President's Budget and Congressional Operating Plan.
However, !his did net hold true for OAR in 1989,199C, and 1991. In 1989 and 1990
the Administrator directed OAR to invest additional resources for radon and indoor
air. In 1991, the Clean Air Act (CAA) was passed in the midst of the budget cycle
and the Agency revised its request to reflect the needs of the Act.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-9
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
700
1993PresBud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0
2,192
(SF/LUST)
21
(SF/UIST)
21
1993 Pros Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
In 1994 OAR is requesting increases to build Green Programs which encourage
industry and private citizens to develop and adopt more efficient methods of using
energy, in order to reduce the nation's output of greenhouse gases.
OAR is also requesting additional funds for the Montreal Protocol, urban
environment initiatives, and is requesting additional resources (and reprogramming
from its Headquarters's base) to fund Regional Clean Air Act implementation.
-------
Page 10-10
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATIONAL LEVELS - OAR
22.05%
3.81%
iJlihv 27.30%
High School
Masters/JD
ome College
accalaureate
29,92%
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
. Page 10-11
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRADUATES
400 -(
0)
I
o
a.
UJ
GC
300-
200-
100-
Engineering Business, Agriculture, Env Sci, Social
Comm, Law, Health & Bio Physical Science
Public Aff Sciences Science
Other
Disciplines
-------
Page 10-12
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF AIR QUALITY
PLANNING AND STANDARDS
.Wf
1
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Office of Air Qual
Planning and Stand
^ % %
ซซnmปป^^ ^.VL
Stationary Source
Compliance Division
% * %"'ฅ \ ':"
Air Qua
ty Management
Division
mm
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V
; Planning and
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P,X ^tv.f ;
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Division
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Technical Support
Division
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LEADERSHIP
John S. Seitz
Director
Prior to his appointment as Director of the Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, John Seitz
was the Director of the Stationary Source Compli-
ance Division. Before this, he was Deputy Director
of the Office of Compliance Monitoring in the
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. His
twenty-two years with EPA include experience in
enforcement programs under the Toxic Substances
Control Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act. He has both regional and Head-
quarters experience. John received his B.S. in
Ecology from the University of Delaware.
Lydia N. Wegman
Deputy Director
Lydia Wegman has been Deputy Director since 1991, following a series of senior positions in EPA. Most
recently she was the Senior Legal and Policy Advisor to the Assistant Administrator, Office of Air and
Radiation. She was a Special Assistant to the Director, Office of Mobile Sources, and spent four years
in the Office of General Counsel as Attorney-Advisor and then Acting Assistant General Counsel. Lydia
received her B.A. in History from Yale and her Law degree from Columbia Law School.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops national standards for air quality, and emission standards for new stationary sources
and hazardous pollutants.
Q Develops national programs, technical policies, regulations, guidelines, criteria for air pollution
control and enforcement.
Q Assesses the national air pollution control program and the success in achieving air quality
goals.
Q Evaluates regional programs with respect to state implementation plans and strategies, tech-
nical assistance, enforcement, and resource requirements and allocations for air related prog-
rams.
Develops and maintains a national air programs data system, including air quality emissions
and other technical data.
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Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-13
DIVISION DIRECTORS
John Calcagni. Director
Air Quality Management Division
John Calcagni was named Director of the Air Quality Management Division in November, 1987. His
fifteen year EPA career includes serving as Chief, Economic Analysis Branch and Chief, Plans Analysis
Section. John has also had regional experience in Boston and Chicago where he assisted states in the
development of ozone control strategies. Prior to coming to EPA, John worked with private consulting
firms involved in the development of air pollution control programs. John earned an M.B.A. from Duke
University. He has a B.S. in Chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Bruce C. Jordan, Jr., Director
Emission Standards Division
Bruce Jordanjoined the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards in 1974. and served as Special
Assistant to the Director, Chief of the Economic Analysis Branch, and Chief of the Ambient Standards
Branch, prior to becoming Director of the Emission Standards Division. He received his B.S. and M.S.
in Aerospace Engineering from North Carolina State University.
Robert Kellam, Acting Director
Technical Support Division
Robert Kellam was appointed Acting Director in November, 1992. Prior to that, he served as the Chief
of the Pollutant Assessment Branch of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. Robert has
been with the Agency since 1976, working before that at the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences in Research Triangle Park. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from Yale
University and a Master's in Business Administration from Duke University.
John B. Rasnic, Director
Stationary Source Compliance Division
John Rasnic became the Director of the Stationary Source Compliance Division in 1991 after an
extensive career in environmental enforcement and compliance, including almost 21 years with EPA.
John has served as staff and manager at all levels of the air pollution control program, including local,
state, regional, and Headquarters. He received a B.S. from East Tennessee State University.
-------
Page 10-14
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF ATMOSPHERIC
PROGRAMS
LEADERSHIP
f
^
v ..
" , \ \
'
Office ot Atmospheric
Programs
" ^ % -% \ ' -/
(: < -.j
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"j - ,*
^
Stratospheric Protectic
Division
* -.
;, Program
i'": Management
! -^ Staff
cid Rain Division
in % ''"'
. ": _
;
-
Eileen B. Claussen
Director
Prior to her appointment as the Director of the
Office of Atmospheric Programs, Eileen Claussen
served as the Director of the Characterization and
Assessment Division of the Office of Solid Waste.
During her twenty years of service with EPA,
Eileen has been responsible for resolving a variety
of complex policy and regulatory issues involving
both national and international environmental
concerns. Eileen received a B.A. from George
Washington University and an M.A.from the
.University of Virginia.
a
a
a
a
a
a
FUNCTIONS
Provides policy analyses and regulatory development regarding the impact that chlorofluoro-
carbons have on stratospheric ozone depletion.
Develops policy on EPA's international stratospheric ozone activities.
Develops policy and coordinates the acid rain program.
Provides policy guidance to the Agency for the Bilateral Advisory and Consultative Group which
is responsible for improving U.S./Canadian relations on acid rain issues.
Plays critical advisory role in the Clean Coal Technology Program run by the Department of
Energy.
Develops voluntary programs as a means to reduce global warming.
Demonstrates the pollution prevention benefits of energy efficiency.
Identifies, develops, and promotes profitable options for reducing methane emissions.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-15
DIVISION DIRECTORS
John S. Hoffman, Director
Global Change Division
Formerly a Project Manager for EPA's Emissions Reduction, Credit, Banking and Trading Project, and
Director, Strategic Studies Staff, John Hoffman became the Global Change Division Director in 1991.
Prior to his government service, he managed a private company as a consultant on planning, cost-
benefit analysis, modeling, and management information systems. John has a B.A. from the University
of Pennsylvania and a Master's from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Brian J. McLean. Director
Acid Rain Division
Brian McLean has served as Director, Acid Rain Division since August, 1991. Prior to this position,
he served as Chief of the Emerging Programs Staff. His experience includes twenty years of service with
EPA, including both regional and Headquarters assignments. Brian received his B.S. from Lafayette
College, his M.S. from Rutgers University, and his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.
Stephen R. Seidel, Acting Director
Stratospheric Protection Division
Steve Seidel has been directing EPA's stratospheric ozone activities, including the Montreal Protocol
and Clean Air Act implementation, for seven years. He has worked on a number of regulatory reform
issues, global warming, and stratospheric protectio since his career with EPA began in 1980. Prior to
joining EPA, Steve worked for management and policy consulting firms. He received his B.A. from
Columbia University, and his Master's and J.D. from Rutgers.
-------
Page 10-16
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCES
Program
Management
Office
Office of Mobile
Sources
Engineering Operations
Division
Manufacturers
Operations Division
Field Operations and
Support Division
Regulatory
Development &
External Affairs
' Office
Regulation
Development and
Support Division
Certification
Division
Emission Planning
and Strategies
Division
LEADERSHIP
Richard D. Wilson
Director
Formerly the Director of the Office of Air, Noise,
and Radiation Enforcement, and the Director,
Stationary Source Enforcement Division, Dick
Wilson has been Director of the Office of Mobile
Sources since 1982. Prior to joining EPA in 1970,
he was employed by the National Air Pollution
Control Administration. He received a B.S. from
Lafayette College and a M.B.A. from the Wharton
School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Charles L. Grey, Jr.
Deputy Director for Regulatory Programs
Formerly the Director of the Emission Control
Technology Division, Charles Grey has been Di-
rector of Regulatory Programs and Technology at
the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
since February, 1992. Prior to joining EPA in
1970, he was employed by ESSO Exploration and
Production Research Company, and Gulf General
Atomic. He received a B.S. from the University of
Mississippi and an M.S. from the University of
Michigan.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Mobile Sources (OMS) is responsible for the control of air pollution resulting from motor
vehicles and fuels, and determining motor vehicle fuel economy.
Q Measures and characterizes emissions from mobile sources and related fuels.
Q Develops programs for the control of emissions from mobile sources.
Q Designs and implements enforcement programs involving inspection, surveillance, and testing
of new and in-use vehicles.
O Fosters the development and audits performance of state motor vehicle emissions inspection
and maintenance programs.
Q Reviews and recommends action on applications for fuel additive waiver requests; registers
fuels and fuel additives.
Q Determines fuel economy of cars and light duty trucks as part of the new vehicle certification
process and approves fuel economy data for use in fuel economy labels and the annual fuel
economy guide.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Air and Radiation Page 10-17
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Mary T. Smith, Director
Field Operations and Support Division
Mary Smith joined EPAin 1979 in the Manufacturers Operations Division where she served as a Section
and Branch Chief before becoming Division Director in 1990. She received a B.S. from SUNY at Albany
and a J.D. from George Washington University.
Richard D. Lawrence, Director
Engineering Operations Division
Since joining the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1973,
Dick Lawrence has been a project engineer on regulations, a project manager for special projects, and
a manager of evaluation and development testing. He served as Chief of the Testing Programs Branch
before becoming Division Director in 1983. Prior to joining EPA, Dick worked at Airsearch
Manufacturing Co. as a test technician on spacecraft and aircraft cabin pressure control systems and
at the Bureau of Mines as tester of engines and vehicles emissions. Dick received his B.S. from
California State Polytechnic College and his M.S. from Pennsylvania State University. He is a registered
professional engineer.
Robert E. Maxwell, Director
Certification Division
Formerly a project manager within the Emissions Control Technology Division, and later the Chief of
the Standards Development and Support Branch, Bob Maxwell became Certification Division Director
in 1980. Prior to joining EPA in 1972, he served in the U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems
Organization, where he was a rocket propulsion engineer. He earned his B.S. at University of
Pittsburgh and his M.S. at the University of Michigan.
Charles N. Freed, Director
Manufacturers Operations Division
Chuck Freed joined EPA in 1972 in the Manufacturers Operations Division and became Division
Director in 1979. He acted as Deputy Assistant Administrator of OAR for one year, and previously
served as Deputy Director, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, for seven months. Before
coming to EPA, he was employed by Israel Steel Mills, Bethlehem Steel Co., and the Naval Research
Laboratory. Chuck received a B.S. from Pennsylvania State University, an M.S. from Technion, Israel
Institute of Technology, and a J.D. from George Washington University.
Phillip A. Lorang, Director
Emission Planning and Strategies Division
Phil Lorang joined EPA in 1977. He worked as Branch Chief of the Technical Support Staff in the
Emission Control and Technology Division and became Director of the Emission Planning and
Strategies Division in Aprilof 1992. He earned his Bachelor's and Master's degrees from Massachusetts
Institute of Technology in Mechanical Engineering and Policy.
Chester J. France, Director
Regulation Development and Support Division
Chet France began working for EPA in 1973 and has served as a project manager and as Chief of the
Standards Development and Support Branch in the Office of Mobile Sources. He has been in his
current position since April, 1992. Before joining EPA, he worked for the General Tire and Rubber Co.
Chet received a B.M.E. from Cleveland State University, an M.S.M.E. from the University of Michigan,
and an M.B.A. from the University of Michigan.
-------
Page 10-18
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF RADIATION
AND INDOOR AIR
LEADERSHIP
i?
rf
\
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", : V^ v .- '
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v^y^
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Office of Radiation ^
and Indoor Air ~~
fgff >ปswf4f.Ar.
Criteria and
Standards Division
vt "~ Zv. jC"w %^
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Radial on Stuc
Division
> ^ W ,
ies
V^o^t ^
Radon Division
'....*.' -'..
*3~
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Program \
Management
Office :
v^.^A- -x^ -Mf g.fj.
Office of Radiation
Programs
(Las Vegas)
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National Air and
Radiation Environ-
mental Laboratory
f f ^ % ff
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Indoor Air Division
- ;
Margo T. Oge
Director
Margo Oge has served at EPA for twelve years.
most recently as the Director of the Radon Divi-
sion. Prior to that, she served as Deputy Director
of the Economics and Technology Division for the
Office of Toxic Substances. Margo has extensive
experience in policy and regulatory development,
having worked for Senator Chafee of Rhode Island
under the Legislative Fellows Program. Margo
received aB.S. from Lowell Technological Institute
and a M.S. from Lowell University.
Eugene Durman
Deputy Director
Prior to becoming Deputy Director, Gene Durman
served as Special Assistant to the Administrator
and Deputy Administrator on air and radiation
issues, and worked in OPPE as Chief of the Air
Economics Branch. Gene also was a Senior
Research Associate with the Urban Institute, and
Research Director at the Center for the Study of
Welfare Policy. Gene earned his B.A. from Yale
University, his MJV. from the University of Chi-
cago, and his M.B.A. from Virginia Tech.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops radiation protection criteria, standards, and policies.
Q Manages emerging issues.
Q Measures and controls radiation exposure.
Q Evaluates radiation impacts on the general public and the environment.
Q Directs a national surveillance program for measuring radiation levels in the environment.
Q Conducts radiation research programs.
Q Provides technical assistance to other Federal agencies and states through EPA's Regional
offices.
Q Serves as the liaison-with other organizations involved in radiation activities.
Q Implements the voluntary Radon Action Program.
O Directs Agency activities for indoor air.
-------
Office Profiles Office of Air and Radiation Page 10-19
DIVISION DIRECTORS
J. William Gunter, Director
Criteria and Standards Division
Bill Gunter has been the Director since 1987. Since joining EPAin 1974, he has held several positions,
working on permits and regulation of air emissions of radionuclides under "the Clean Air Act. From
1984-87, he was the Chief of the Environmental Studies and Statistics Branch where he provided
support on Superfund radiation problems and played a major role in the.Federal response to the
Chernobyl nuclear accident. Bill received a B,S. from Auburn University and an M.S. from the
University of Alabama.
Jed Harrison, Director
Las Vegas Facility
Before being named Director of the Las Vegas Facility in 1992, Jed Harrison was the Chief of Radon's
Mitigation, Prevention, and Quality Assurance Branch. Jed started his career in EPA in 1986 as an
Environmental Protection Specialist in Radon's Policy and Public Information Branch. Prior to coming
to EPA, he worked for Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. He earned a B.S. degree in Plant Science and
Art at California State University.
Stephen D. Page, Acting Director
Radon Division
Prior to becoming the Acting Director of the Radon Division. Steve Page was the Chief of the Policy and
Public Information Branch. Steve has been with the Federal government for 15 years, seven of them
with EPA. Before coming to EPA he worked in the Office of the Secretary at the Department of Health
and Human Services, the White House, and the California state government. He earned a BA. in
Political Science from Marietta College and an M.P.A. from the University of Southern California.
Robert B. Azelrad, Director
Indoor Air Division
Currently manager of EPA's emerging Indoor Air Pollution program. Bob Axelrad was a Section Chief
in the solid waste program for many years and Project Director at the Izaak Walton League. Bob has
a B.A. in Political Science from Pennsylvania State University.
Sam Windham, Director
National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory
Before becoming Director of the National Air and Radiation Environmental Laboratory in Montgomery,
Alabama in 1991, Sam Windham worked as Chief of the Environmental Studies, Nuclear Facilities
Research, and Medical and Industrial Health Physics Branches. Sam previously worked in the
Department of Nuclear Medicine at the National Institutes of Health. Appointed Commissioned Officer
in the U.S. Public Health Service in 1967, Sam attended Auburn University for his B.S. and M.S.
degrees in Radiological Health and Pharmacology.
Martin P. Halper, Director
Radiation Studies Division
Marty Halper has served as Director since 1989. He has worked at EPA more than 21 years. Previously,
he worked in the Office of Toxic Substances as the Director of the Exposure Evaluation Division. He
has served in the Office of Water, as Chief of the Water Quality Analysis Branch of the Monitoring and
Data Support Division, and Senior Technical Advisor in the Effluent Guidelines Division. He started
his EPA career in Region II's Water Enforcement Division. Marty received his B.S. in Chemical
Engineering from New York University.
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Page 10-20
Office of Air and Radiation
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1 - 17A Domestic Travel Authorization
1 - 17B International Travel Authorization
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
CLEAN AIR ACT
7-1 State and Interstate Program and Planning Grants
7-2 Approval of State New Source Performance Standard Plans
7-3 New Hazardous Source Review
7-4 Hazardous Emissions Source Waivers
7-5 Enforcement of Hazardous Emission Standards
7 - 6A Administrative Enforcement Actions: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
7 - 6B Administrative Enforcement Actions: Agency Representation in Hearings and Negotiations
of Consent Agreements
7 - 6C Administrative Enforcement Actions: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
7-7 Enforcement of Residential Wood Heater New Source Performance Standard
7-8 Inspections and Information Gathering
7-9 Approval of State Procedures
7-10 Approval/Disapproval of State Implementation Plans
7-11 Grants and Cooperative Agreements for Investigations, Demonstrations, Surveys, and
Studies
-------
Office Profiles Office of Air and Radiation Page 10-21
7-12 Exemption from Tampering Restrictions and for Introduction into Commerce of Uncertified
Vehicles
7-13 Exemption from Tampering Restrictions
7-14 Specification of Approval of Changes to Testing and Monitoring Methods and Procedures
7-15 Applicability Determinations of Construction and Modification
7-16 Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Inspectors
7-17 Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Requirements
7-18 Reclassification of Ozone and Carbon Monoxide Non-attainment Areas
7-19 Mitigation, Remittances or Settlement of Penalties Associated with Violations of Section 211
of the Clean Air Act
7-20 State Designation of Areas as Attainment, Non-attainment, or Unclassifiable, for National
Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead
7-21 Notification of the Governor of a State that the Designation of an Area Should be Revised
7- 22A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
7- 22B Criminal Enforcement Actions
7- 22C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
7- 22D Emergency TRO's
7-23 Public Participation in Settlement Agreements
7-24 Implementation Procedures for Preconstruction Review
7-25 Delegation of Authority for Preconstruction Review
7 - 26 Registration of Fuels and Fuel Additives
7-27 Revisions to State Implementation Plans
7 - 28 Modifications to the Attainment and Maintenance Requirements of 40 CFR 51
7-29 Placing and Removing Facilities from the List of Violating Facilities
7-30 Selective Enforcement Auditing Procedures
7-31 Recall Remedial Plans
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Page 10-22 Office of Air and Radiation Office Profiles
7-32 Enforcement of Fuels and Fuel Additives Regulations
7-33 Subpoenas and Administration of Oaths
7-34 Enforcement and Fuel Additives Regulations
7-35 Air Pollution Control Manpower Training Assistance
7 - 36 Air Pollution Control FeUowships .
7-37 Administrative Enforcement Actions: New Source Review .Orders
7 - 38 Prevention of Significant Deterioration: Administrative Enforcement
7-39 Economic Emergency Suspension of State Implementation Plan Requirements: Disapproval
of Gubernatorial Orders _
7-40 Authority to Notify States of Intent to Modify State Submittals on Designations and
Classification of Areas
7- 41A Noncompliance Penalty: Assessment and Signing of Consent Agreements
7- 4IB Noncompliance Penalty: Agency Representation in Hearings and Signing of Consent
Agreements
7- 41C Noncompliance Penalty: Issuance of Consent Orders and Final Orders
7 - 42 Noncompliance Penalty: Assessment in the Absence of State Action
7-43 Noncompliance Penalty: Granting of Exemptions
7-44 Noncompliance Penalty: DeMinimis Exemptions
7-45 Noncompliance Penalty: Notice of Noncompliance
7 - 46 Noncompliance Penalty: Review of Actual Expenditure and Adjustment of Penalties
7-47 Noncompliance Penalty: Independent Calculation
7-48 Noncompliance Penalty: Delegation of Authority to States
7-49 Emergency Administrative Powers
7-50 Emissions Recall Determinations
7-51 Selective Enforcement Audit Failures
7-52 Waiver of Federal Preemption
7-53 Importation of Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicles' Engines
-------
Office Profiles Office of Air and Radiation . Page 10-23
^^^^^^^^^^^^^a
7 - 54 Application for Certification
7 - 55 Consultation and Concurrence with Enforcement Actions by the Department of
Transportation Under Section 232 of the Clean Air Act
7-56 Primary Nonferrous Smelter Orders
7 - 57 Section 309 Review Process
7-58 Announcement of PM-10 Area Designations
7-59 Announcement of the Classification of PM-10 Areas Designated Non-attainment
7-60 Approve Voluntary Agreements Under the Clean Air Act
7-61 Distribution of the Montreal Protocol Facilitation Fund
7-62 Finding of Failure to Submit a Required State Implementation Plan or Any Other Required
Submission of the Act
7-63 Processing and Approval of Applications by Independent Power Producers for Written
Guarantees of Allowances
7-64 Authority to Review and Revise Emission Factors and Issue Reports
7 - 65 Citizen Suit Penalty Fund Expenditures
7 - 66 Servicing of Motor Vehicle Air Conditioners
Noise Control Act
11-1 Inspections and Information Gathering
11-2 Testing by Agency
11-3 Product Exemptions
11-4 New Products and Labeling Regulations
11-5 Administrative Orders
11-6A Civil Judicial Enforcement Actions
11-6C Settlement or Concurrence in Settlement of Civil judicial Enforcement Actions
11-6D Emergency TRO's
11-7 Subpoenas and Oaths
11-8 Low-Noise-Emission Product Certification Process
11-9 Post Certification Testing
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Page 10-24 Office of Air and Radiation Office Profiles
Indoor Radon Abatement Act (Title in Toxic Substances Control Act)
27 - 1 Regional Radon Training Centers
27-2 Radon in Buildings Study
27-3 Grants Assistance to States for Radon Programs
27-4 Indian Radon Pilot Programs
27-5 Information Collection from States Under Assistance for Radon Programs
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Office Profiles
Office of Air and Radiation
Page 10-25
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Pre- EPA
Dept. of Health
Education &
welfare
Department
of
Interior
Department
of
Agriculture
Food & Drug
Administration
Atomic Energy
Commission
1970
I EPA
Water Quality
Office
Air Pollution
Control
Pesticides
Office
Radiation
Office I
1 1 1 1
Solid Waste
Office
1
1972
Noise Act
Office of Air &
water Programs
1973
Water
Office of Categorical
Programs
Noise
Office of Hazardous
Materials Controls
Air
Noise, Solid Waste, Radiation
1974
Solid Waste
Assistant Administra-
tor for Air and Waste
Management
1979
Assistant Administra-
tor for Air, Noise &
Radiation
1983
Noise
Assistant Administra-
tor for Air & Radiation
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Page 10-26 Office of Air and Radiation Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. EPA's air pollution program draws its organizational
roots from the National Air Pollution Control Administration, transferred from the Department of
Health, Education and Welfare (HEW). The radiation program inherited the Bureau of Radiological
Health from HEW and the Division of Radiation Protection Standards from, the Atomic Energy
Commission. In addition, EPA absorbed the Federal Radiation Council.
In 1970, EPA's first Administrator published an organizational order in which the five principal
programs - air, radiation, solid waste, water and pesticides - were retained under the management of
commissioners. This was done to assure the continuity of program operations and to allow time to
consider the eventual organizational structure. Also at this time EPA established a presence in the
newly organized Federal structure which divided the nation into 10 regions.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
In 1971, EPA set up its permanent organizational structure replacing its five commissioners with two
Assistant Administrators: one for Air and Water Programs, the other for Categorical Programs. The
responsibilities laid out in the Clean Air Act of 1970 were assigned to the Assistant Administrator for
Air and Water. Radiation responsibilities were assigned to the Assistant Administrator for Categorical
Programs.
The radiation and air functions were combined in a 1974 realignment which resulted in an Office of
Air and Waste Management. This AAship contained air, radiation, and solid waste functions along with
a new noise program mandated by Congress in 1972.
Solid Waste management was split from the AAship in 1977 with the passage of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act. In 1970, the Office of Air and Waste Management was renamed the
Office of Air, Noise and Radiation, reflecting its functions.
In 1982, the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation abolished its enforcement office and transferred that
function to EPA's central enforcement office, the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.
At the same time, the noise program was abolished because Congress ceased funding for it.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
In 1983, the Office of Air, Noise and Radiation was renamed the Office of Air and Radiation, a title it
retains today. With the phase-out of the noise program, the program contained three offices: the Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards, the Office cf Mobile Sources and the Office of Radiation
Programs.
In 1988 a fourth office was added. The Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs was created to
handle the emerging issues of indoor air pollution, acid rain, and ozone depletion. In 1992, the Indoor
Air Division moved from this office to the Office of Radiation Programs. Thus the four offices under
the Office of Air and Radiation became: the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, the Office of
Mobile Sources, the Office of Atmospheric Programs, and the Office of Radiation and Indcor Air
Programs, later shortened to the Office of Radiation and Indoor Air.
-------
PREVENTION, PESTICIDES &
TOXIC SUBSTANCES
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FUNCTIONS
Q Promotes coordination among Agency programs engaged in pollution prevention, pesticides,
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human health and the environment.
-------
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office Profiles
Page 11-2
LEADERSHIP
Linda J. Fisher, Assistant Administrator
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Linda Fisher has served as Assistant Administrator since August 1989. Prior to this, she served as
Assistant Administrator for Policy. Planning and Evaluation. Fisher first joined the Agency in July 1983
as Special Assistant to the Assistant Administrator for Solid Waste and Emergency Response. From
1985 to 1988, she served as Chief of Staff for Administrator Lee M. Thomas. From 1974-1980 she
worked as a legislative assistant to Ohio Congressmen Clarence J. Brown and Ralph Regula. She also
served as associate staff member to the House Appropriations Committee. Linda received her Master's
degree in Business Administration from George Washington University and her Juris Doctor degree
from Ohio State University's College of Law.
Victor J. Kimm
Deputy Assistant Administrator
Vic Klmm joined EPA in 1972. An engineer by training, he chaired the EPA Agency-wide Steering
Committee which reviews standards and regulations; served as Deputy Director of the Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation; was the Director of the Office of Drinking Water for 10 years; and served as
Deputy Assistant Administrator for the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances for the last seven
years. Prior to joining EPA, he worked for the Economic Development Administration and participated
in development projects in Latin America. Vic has an M.S. in Sanitary Engineering from New York
University and studied Economics and Public Policy at Princeton as a National Institute of Public Affairs
Fellow.
Marylouise M. Uhlig, Director
Program Management Operations
Marylou came to EPA In 1974 and has held a number of positions: Chief, Executive Development and
Career Systems; Executive Officer for Administrator Douglas Costle; and Director of Program
Management in OSWER She has also worked for the Department of the Navy, the Defense Mapping
Agency, and the Department of Labor principally In the area of human resources, regional liaison and
communications. Marylou holds a BJV. from Perm State, and a MA. in Public Administration from
Central Michigan University.
LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITIES
THE POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT (PPA)
The Pollution Prevention Act was passed as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1991.
It establishes a pollution prevention hierarchy as national policy, declaring that: pollution should be
prevented or reduced at the source wherever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented should be
recycled whenever feasible; pollution that cannot be prevented or recycled should be treated in an
environmentally safe manner whenever feasible; and disposal or other release into the environment
should be employed only as a last resort and should be conducted in an environmentally safe manner.
The Act authorizes grants for states to establish technical assistance programs for businesses, and EPA
is instructed to establish a Source Reduction Clearinghouse to disseminate information related to the
Act, It also imposes stricter reporting requirements on industry.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT {TSCAj
The Toxic Substances Control Act (1976) authorizes EPA to obtain information from industry on the
production, use, health effects, and other matters concerning chemical substances and mixtures. If
warranted after considering the costs, risks, and benefits of a substance, EPA may regulate its
manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal. Pesticides, tobacco, nuclear
material, firearms and ammunition, food, food additives, drugs, and cosmetics are exempted from the
Act; these products are currently handled under other laws.
SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 (SARA) TITLE HI: EMER-
GENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW SECTION 313: TOXIC CHEMICAL
RELEASE REPORTING
SAKA requires EPA to establish an inventory of toxic chemical emissions from certain facilities.
Facilities subject to this reporting requirement are required to complete a toxic chemical release form
for specified chemicals, annually on July 1, reflecting releases during the preceding calendar year. The
purpose of this reporting requirement is to inform the public and government officials about releases
of toxic chemicals into the environment.
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Office Profiles Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Page 11-3
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE. FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)
FIFRA encompasses the regulation of pesticides used in the United States and mandates a risk/benefit
balancing approach to regulation. When enacted in 1947, FIFRA was administered by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture and was intended to protect consumers against fraudulent pesticide
products. In 1970, EPA assumed responsibility for FIFRA, which was amended in 1972 to shift its
emphasis to health and environmental protection. FIFRA authorizes EPA to register pesticides and to
specify the terms and conditions of their use, and remove unreasonably hazardous pesticides from the
marketplace. The most recent amendments to FIFRA were passed in October, 1988. EPA is also
authorized to evaluate several types of special registration submissions such as Experimental Use
Permits and Special Local Needs Permits. In addition, FIFRA permits EPA to issue temporary
exemptions to state or Federal agencies combatting emergency conditions.
ASBESTOS HAZARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACT (AHERA)
The Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act was signed into law on October 22, 1986. The law
requires EPA to develop regulations which provide a comprehensive framework for addressing asbestos
problems in public and private elementary and secondary schools. Congress amended AHERA in 1988
to allow a reasonable timeframe for responding to the many requirements.
ASBESTOS SCHOOL HAZARD ABATEMENT ACT (ASHAA)
The Asbestos School Hazard Abatement Act of 1984 established a program within EPA to provide
financial assistance for abatement of asbestos hazards in the nation's schools. Financial assistance
is awarded on a school-by-school basis to local educational agencies to carry out projects to reduce the
risk of inhaling asbestos fibers to school children or employees. The goal of the Act's loan and grant
program is to provide financial assistance to localities where asbestos problems present the greatest
risk and have a demonstrated financial need. The 1993 program is the largest in the history of the
program - an expected award of over $75 million in loans and grants. At the same time, the portion
of the program dedicated to administrative support has been reduced from the FY92 level of $2.4 million
to $1 million.
FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC ACT (FFDCA)
Under this Act, EPA sets tolerances, or maximum legal limits, for pesticide residues on food
commodities marketed in the U.S. Tolerances apply to imported commodities as well as domestically
produced food and animal feed. The purpose of the tolerance program is to ensure that U.S. consumers
are not exposed to unsafe food-pesticide residue levels. Before a pesticide can be registered under the
separate Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act for use on a food or feed crop, EPA must
either establish a tolerance, or grant an exemption from the tolerance requirement.
ORGANOTIN ANTIFOULING PAINT CONTROL ACT OF 1988 (OAPCA)
The Organotin Antifouling Paint Control Act of 1988 (OAPCA) seeks to lower the risks posed to non-
target marine organisms from the use of organotin-based antifoulant paints. Organotin antifoulant
paints are registered under FIFRA for use In retarding fouling (barnacles, etc.) on marine vessels. In
addition to Organotin paint release rates, boat length restrictions, and other restrictions on organotin
use, OAPCA requires the Agency to monitor organotin levels in waters, sediment, and marine organism
tissues in representative U.S. waters for a period of ten years. Pursuant to FIFRA, EPA Is requiring
organotin antifoulant paint registrants to conduct a ten year study of organotin levels in marine waters,
sediment, and organism tissues.
LEAD PROVISIONS OF TITLE X OF THE HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACT OF
1992
Under Title X of the Housing Act, the Agency has numerous specific mandates, including the following:
within 18 months, promulgate regulations that set standards for lead-based paint hazards, lead-
contaminated dust and lead-contaminated soil; within 2 years, jointly promulgate rules with HUD
requiring disclosure of lead-based paint hazards in housing constructed before 1978 that is offered for
sale or lease; within 18 months, promulgate guidelines for renovating and remodeling residential and
commercial buildings that contain lead-based paint.
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Page 11-4 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
PESTICIDES
THE DELANEY PARADOX AND THE NINTH CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS DECISION
In July 1992. the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejected an EPA order allowing
food additive regulations for four pesticides that the Agency found posed a negligible risk of cancer. The
Court based its decision on the Delaney clause of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, which, read
literally, prohibits the establishment of food additive tolerances if the Agency finds that the pesticide
at any level causes cancer in humans or animals. The paradox is that FIFRA and the most relevant
provisions of FFDCA set an overall risk/benefit standard for pesticide decisions, while the Delaney
clause of FFDCA, interpreted literally, sets a "zero risk" standard, creating an urgent need for Congress
to act to replace the outdated inconsistent standard. Because the Court's decision could hinder the
Agency's ability to make decisions which will best ensure the overall safety and affordability of the food
supply, DOJ is currently reviewing the Court's opinion and considering further legal options, such as
an appeal to the Supreme Court. OPP is currently developing an implementation plan in the event that
the Circuit Court ruling is upheld.
PESTICIDES IN THE DIETS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN
In making food safety evaluations on pesticides, EPA takes into consideration the eating patterns of
children: the amount of food they eat relative to their body weight and the kinds of foods they eat. To
learn more about whether children might be more sensitive than adults to the effects of pesticides in
the diet, EPA commissioned the National Academy of Sciences to study the effects of pesticides in the
diets of infants and children and to report their findings. The report is expected in March, 1993 and
may include recommendations as to whether and how the Agency might better account for childhood
differences in pesticide exposure and risk. It may well be the subject of major media attention.
REREGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES UNDER THE FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND
RODENTICIDE ACT (FIFRA)
1988 statutory amendments require EPA to "reregister" older pesticides by 1997. Registrants are
developing and submitting large amounts of data to support their pesticides, based on EPA's
identification of data gaps. EPA has begun to make decisions on pesticides with complete data sets
-- issuing 27 decisions through FY 1992 out of 413 cases supported by registrants. Based on projected
study submissions and other factors, EPA has projected that only about 88% of the decisions can be
made by the 1997 deadline, if full optimum funding were available, with the percent declining to under
50% if a projected $20-30 million shortfall in resources is not offset by additional fees or appropriations.
These schedules and funding shortfall are being reevaluated to factor in FY 1993/1994 budget
decisions.
PESTICIDES IN GROUNDWATER
Pesticides in groundwater is one of the most complex issues facing the Agency. Groundwater provides
about 45% of the total water use in the U.S., as well as drinking water for nearly half of the total U.S.
population. This valuable natural resource can be vulnerable to contamination by pesticides from
normal agricultural use, as well as from leaks, spills, or disposal of pesticides. In May, 1991. EPA
issued a proposed rule defining criteria for restricting pesticides that may contaminate groundwater;
in October, 1991, EPA also issued a final Pesticides and Groundwater Strategy. In 1993, EPA will
finalize the Restricted Use rule, and propose another rule requiring that a small number of pesticides
be managed under individual State Management Plans, as envisioned in the 1991 strategy. The
groundwater management strategy was published by the Agency after extensive public debate.
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Office Profiles Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Page 11-5
LEGISLATION
The pesticides statute requires thorough consideration of both pesticide risks and benefits in formal
adjudicatory hearings, which slows the decision-making process. The Bush Administration proposed
a comprehensive food safety legislative initiative In October, 1989 to streamline EPA's ability to cancel
and suspend hazardous pesticides, strengthen enforcement programs, and impose a "negligible" risk
standard for carcinogens in lieu of the current Delaney "zero risk" standard for carcinogens
concentrating on processed foods. Congress has considered omnibus food safety bills over the past
several years which contain elements of this initiative. Legislative language to address other concerns,
such as minor uses, safety of food exports, and preemption of local regulation, are also under
consideration. Industry concern over the impact of a recent court case blocking EPA's implementation
of a "negligible risk" Interpretation of the Delaney clause could serve as a stimulus for new legislation.
REGISTRANT FEES IN SUPPORT OF PESTICIDE REREGISTRATION
The current fee structure Includes a one-time reregistration fee which is paid on an active-ingredient
basis (these fees have already been paid), and a maintenance fee which is paid on a product basis. One
active Ingredient can be in numerous products. The current fee schedule, in combination with the
current level of appropriated funds, will not fully support the costs of reregistration (anticipated
shortfall over the course of reregistration: $20 - 30 million). The Office of Pesticide Programs has
evaluated numerous changes in the fee structure to close the projected deficit, which is under revision
due to changes in FY 93 funding.
PREVENTION AND TOXICS
EXPANSION OF THE TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a powerful information tool. It contains multi-media release and
pollution prevention data for over 320 toxic chemicals made, processed and used by U.S. manufactur-
ing facilities. Public interest groups and members of Congress have shown considerable interest in
expanding the scope and coverage of the TRI. Several "Community Rlght-to-Know-More" bills have
been introduced within the past year to expand both the list of chemicals, as well as the industries
covered. During the same timeframe, industry has petitioned the Agency to delist a number of
chemicals and to expand the small business exemption. EPA has convened two high priority
workgroups to consider these issues. The Agency plans to move forward with proposals that address
the issues of list expansion, as well as the small business exemption in 1993.
LEAD
Lead has been described as the most serious environmental hazard for children in the U.S. It also
disproportionately affects minority groups. In October 1992, Congress passed, and the President
signed The Affordable Housing Act. Title X addresses the risks associated with lead-based paints in
residential structures. The new legislation requires numerous EPA research activities and rulemakings
under statutory deadlines to be coordinated with other Federal agencies. Under the lead program, EPA
will define lead hazards in homes by designating hazardous levels of lead in paint, dust, and soil; work
with the private sector, states, and localities to build an infrastructure of qualified workers to provide
lead paint abatement for residences; and work with the states to develop and authorize state programs
for implementation of Title X. OPPTS has a lead hotline in place to provide information to consumers
on lead hazards and risk reduction actions which can be taken.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Powerful new techniques have been developed to manipulate genetic material. This has sparked
significant public and scientific debate regarding potential risk, while commercial interests are
concerned that Federal regulation may severely constrain this emerging industry. EPA and the Office
of Management and Budget are currently discussing final drafts of a proposed biotechnology rule under
the Toxic Substances Control Act to publish a policy to address plant pesticides -- naturally-occuring
toxins produced by plants. We have received applications for large-scale testing of plant pesticides in
anticipation of commercialization in the next few years.
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Page 11-6 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
TSCA SECTION 8e COMPLIANCE AUDIT PROGRAM AND RESEARCH FUND
Section 8(e) of TSCA requires chemical manufacturers, processors, or distributors of a chemical in
commerce to report to EPA information indicating potential substantial risk to health or the
environment. In 1991, EPA announced a one-time voluntary program to achieve the goal of obtaining
any outstanding 8(e) information that should have been submitted and encourage companies to
voluntarily audit their files for reportable data, with stipulated penalties at a maximum of 1 million
dollars per company. This program is expected to generate a large amount ($10-20 million) of stipulated
penalties. EPA has received a proposal from industry to allow compliance audit program participants
to contribute a percentage of their penalties to a research fund to be managed by a third party to
enhance our understanding of the health and environmental significance of chemicals. This proposal
has substantial merit but raises a number of complex legal, policy, and enforcement questions. It will
also require consultation with Congressional authorization and appropriation committees. EPA will
need to decide on its approach to this issue early in 1993.
ENVIRONMENTAL ECO-LABELING
The European Community. Canada, Germany, Japan, and many other foreign countries have
instituted, or are planning to institute, national eco-labeling programs that award seals to products
that minimize environmental damage across their life-cycle. Within the U.S., two private labeling
programs are operating and the State of California is considering a program. EPA is under some
pressure to minimize consumer confusion by providing a forum for stakeholders to discuss harmoniz-
ing program elements such as methodology, public process, verification, communications, and
consistency with international efforts. An initial scoping meeting has been held and participants are
awaiting an EPA decision concerning next steps, expected in the second quarter of FY 1993.
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Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-7
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
300
250 -
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
2000
1500 -
1000 -
500 -
1991
1992
1993
Increases from 1988 to 1991 were due primarily to the 1988 amendments to the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) which accelerated the
pesticides reregistration process and substantially revised programs for pesticides
storage and disposal.
The 1992 Operating Plan shifted the Pollution Prevention Division from the Office
of Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE) to OPPTS.
Funding levels drop between 1992 and 1993 because the Agency did not request
funds for the Asbestos Loan and Grant program in 1993.
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Page 11-8
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office Profiles
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)'
Dollars in Millions
$133
$185
$58
1984
1993
IHQ D REGIONS
Wbrkyears
1,112
1,452
1984
1993
I HQ D REGIONS
Workyear increases are partially attributable to the dramatic increase in the number
of pesticide registrant submissions mandated by the 1988 amendments to FIFRA,
and the addition of the Pollution Prevention Division to OPPTS.
Regional workyears more than double due primarily to increased pesticides
enforcement and certification training for pesticide applicators.
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Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-9
400
300 -
200 -
100 -
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
1989
1990
1991
INPM
Request
OMB
Request E
j President's
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1992
1993
Operating
Plan
Workyears
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
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Operating
Plan
Operating Plans include large Congressional add-ons for asbestos loans and
grants.
Over the past several years, Congress has provided significant add-ons for the lead
program.
The 1993 President's Budget decrease in workyears reflects an Agency decision not
to support enforcement from FIFRA fee revenues.
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Page 11-10
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office Profiles
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
350
2,500
Dollars in Millions
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
SuperfunoV
LUST
Workyears
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Supertund/
LUST
OMB request includes large increases for implementing lead strategy, pollution
prevention strategies, food safety and FIFRA.
1 Regional initiatives will target small communities through technical and financial
assistance.
> Workyear increases are targeted at groundwater protection, pesticides enforcement.
and tolerance setting for biological and antimicrobial pest control agents.
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Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-11
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - OPPTS
5.78%
17.69%
26.10%
2807%
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Page 11-12
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office Profiles
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OF COLLEGE GRABS
600
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Sciences Science
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Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-13
OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
LEADERSHIP
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Douglas D. Campt
Director
Doug Campt has been the Office Director since
June, 1986. Before this position, he was the
Director of the Registration Division for over ten
years. Prior'to coming to EPA, Doug worked for the
U.S. Department of Agriculture in the New York
State area office. He received a B.S. degree from
North Carolina College (now North Carolina Cen-
tral University), and did graduate study at Howard
University.
Susan H. Wayland
Deputy Director
Susan Wayland became the Deputy Director in
June, 1984. Before this position, she was Chief of
the Policy and Special Projects Staff. She began
her Federal service in 1968 with the Department
of Agriculture and Joined EPA in 1972. Susan
received a B.A. from the College of William and
Mary.
FUNCTIONS
Q Registers and reregisters pesticides based on a review of scientific data adequate to find that
their use will not cause unreasonable adverse effects on people or the environment.
Q Establishes maximum legal levels (tolerances) for pesticide residues in food or animal feed.
Q Evaluates the risks and benefits of pesticide use and imposes conditions and restrictions on
their marketing and use, and conducts Special Reviews of registered pesticide uses which are
suspected of posing unreasonable risks to human health or the environment.
Q Develops strategic plans for the control of potential pesticide contamination on a national
scale.
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Anne Barton, Director
Environmental Fate and Effects Division
Anne Barton became the Director in 1988 after serving as the Deputy Director of the Hazard Evaluation
Division. She has been in the Office of Pesticide Programs for over eight years and was the first Chief
of the Science Integration Staff. Anne has also worked in other EPA programs, the Food and Drug
Administration, and the Department of Health and Human Services. She received a B.S. from the
College of William and Mary, and a M.S. from the School of Public Health, University of North Carolina.
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Page 11-14 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
i
Penelope Fenner-Crisp, Director
Health Effects Division
Penny Fenner-Crisp became the Director of the Health Effects Division in 1989. Prior to that she was
the Director of the Health and Environmental Review Division in the Office of Toxic Substances and
a senior Toxicologist in the Office of Drinking Water. Before coming to EPA in 1978, Penny was an
Adjunct Instructor in Neurobiology and a Research Associate in the Pharmaqology Department at
Georgetown University. Her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Pharmacology were received from the University
ofTexas.
Allen L. Jennings, Director
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Allen Jennings has been the Director since February, 1987. He came to EPA in 1971 and has worked
in the Office of Water, the Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation, as Director of the Chemicals and
Statistical Policy Division, and as Deputy Director of the Office of Standards and Regulations. He
received a B.S. from Western Illinois University, and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of
Arkansas.
Daniel Barolo, Director
Special Review and Reregistration Division
Dan Barolo has been Director since November, 1991. Dan was Director of the Division of Water, New
York State Department of Environmental Conservation for ten years prior to joining EPA. He was also
Associate Director of the Air Pollution Control Program, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation for fourteen years. Dan has a Bachelor of Engineering and a Master of Science in Sanitary
Engineering from Vanderbilt University.
Allan Abramson, Director
Program Management and Support Division
Allan Abramson came to OPP in 1986 as Special Assistant to the Office Director, and was appointed
Division Director in October, 1988. He began his career at EPA in 1971, in San Francisco, where he
held several positions. In 1979, he moved to Kansas City, where he was Director of the Water Division,
Special Assistant to the Regional Administrator, and Director, Division of Environment, Kansas
Department of Health and Environment. Allan received a Master's from Golden Gate University, and
a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago.
Stephen L. Johnson, Director
Field Operations Division
Steve Johnson has been Director since 1988. Prior to that, he was Deputy Director of the Hazard
Evaluation Division. Steve has also been Executive Secretary of the FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel.
He received a B.A. in Biology form Taylor University and a M.S. in Pathology from George Washington
University.
Lawrence E. Culleen, Acting Director
Registration Division
Larry Culleen has been the Act'ng Director since October, i992. Prior to that, he was Chief of the New
Chemicals Branch in the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. Larry has been with EPA for ten
years. He has an undergraduate degree and law degree from George Washington University.
Anne Lindsay
Policy and Special Projects Staff
Anne Lindsay has worked for EPA since 1975. Recently, she served five years as the Director of the
Registration Division. Prior to that, she worked as the Chief of the Policy and Special Projects Office.
Anne has a B.A. degree from the University of Chicago and a Master's degree from the University of
Oregon.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-15
OFFICE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION &
TOXICS
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LEADERSHIP
Mark Greenwood
Director
Mark Greenwood has been the Office Director
since December, 1990. Mark joined the Office of
General Counsel in September, 1978 and worked
on a variety of Clean Water Act and solid waste
matters. In 1983 he became the first Assistant
General Counsel for RCRA; followed by the As-
sistant General Counsel for Superfund; and finally
the Associate General Counsel for Pesticides and
Toxic Substances. Mark is a graduate of the
University of Michigan Law School. He also received
a graduate degree in Public Policy studies from the
University of Michigan.
Joseph Carra
Deputy Director
Joe Carra has been the Deputy Director since
April, 1990. He previously worked as Director of
Permits and State Programs Division in the Office
of Solid Waste; Director. Waste Management Di-
vision; and Chief, Design and Development Branch
in the Office of Toxic Substances. Joe also worked
at the Department of Labor in the area of occupa-
tional health and was an engineer in private
industry. Joe holds a Bachelor's degree in Engi-
neering from Stevens Institute of Technology, a
Master's degree from New York University in En-
gineering and Statistics, and has done Doctoral
work in Biostatistics at the University of Pitts-
burgh.
FUNCTIONS
Q Provides operational guidance, coordinates, reviews and evaluates the Toxic Substances
Control Act, asbestos, and chemical release inventory activities at EPA Headquarters and
regional offices.
G Coordinates communication with industry, environmental groups, and other interested parties
on matters related to the implementation of regulatory activities in the Office of Prevention and
Toxic Substances.
Q Identifies research and monitoring requirements for toxic substances.
Q Has lead responsibility for implementing the Pollution Prevention Act.
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Charles M. Auer, Director
Chemical Control Division
Charlie Auer became the Director in October, 1992. Charlie has held technical and managerial
positions In OPPT as Division Director, Deputy Director, Branch Chief, and staff scientist (chemist).
He has extensive experience in new and existing chemicals, hazard and risk assessment, testing,
information gathering, and chemical control issues. Charlie received a B.S. in Biochemistry from the
University of Maryland and did graduate studies in Toxicology at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.
-------
Page 11-16 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
Joseph Cotruvo. Director
Chemical Screening & Risk Assessment Division
Joe Cotruvo became the Director In October, 1992. Formerly, Joe was Director of the Criteria and
Standards Division in the Office of Drinking Water where he was responsible for the development of
standards and guidelines for drinking water quality under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Joe's Ph.D.
is In Physical Organic Chemistry and he has post-doctoral studies in Heterocyclic Chemistry and in
Law.
Joseph Merenda, Director
Health & Environmental Review Division
Joe Merenda became the Director in October, 1992. Prior to his current position, he managed the
Exposure Evaluation Division for three years and the Existing Chemical Assessment Division for 11
years. Joe also held several positions in EPA's Mobile Source Air Pollution Program in Ann Arbor,
Michigan and Washington, D.C. Joe holds a M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Stanford
University, and a B.S. degree in the same field from The Cooper Union.
John Melone, Director
Chemical Management Division
John Melone became the Director in October, 1992. Since joining EPA in 1977, he has served as
Director of the Statistical Policy Staff; Director of the Hazard Evaluation Division in the Office of
Pesticide Programs; and most recently, as Director of the Chemical Control Division. John has a
Master's degree In Operations Research from George Washington University School of Engineering and
also holds a graduate degree in National Policy and Naval Operations from the U.S. Naval War College
In Newport, Rhode Island.
Mary Ellen Weber, Director
Economics, Exposure and Technology Division
Mary Ellen Weber became the Director In November, 1990. Prior to joining EPA, she was co-founder
and President of Web-Wolf Data Systems, Inc.; Director of the Office of Regulatory Analysis at OSHA;
Senior Economist at International Research & Technology Corporation; a Country Economist (Central
American Division) at the World Bank; and an Assistant Professor at Smith College. Mary Ellen has
a B.A. in Economics from Dominican College, a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Utah, and
has done post graduate work at Stanford University, the University of Chile, and the National University
of Mexico.
Linda Travers, Director
Information Management Division
Linda Travers has been the Director since March, 1986. Linda has been with OPPT since 1976, serving
as the Chief, Management Operations Branch and working with the Assistant Administrator for
OPPTS. From 1965 to 1976, she held various management positions in the Department of Health and
Human Services and EPA. She has worked in the Office of Solid Waste, the Office of Air Pollution, and
the Office of Public Affairs. Linda received her M.P.A. degree from The American University.
Susan Hazen, Director
Environmental Assistance Division
Prior to becoming Director in 1992, Susan Hazen served as Director of the Special Projects Office. She
has been with the Agency since 1979 and has served in numerous positions in the Office of Pollution
Prevention arid Toxics, She has served as Special Assistant to the Director, and as the Deputy Director
of both the Existing Chemical Assessment Division and the Economics and Technology Division. Prior
to working at EPA, Susan worked at the University of Toronto's Institute for Environmental Studies as
well as MIT's Center for Policy Alternatives. She holds degrees in Child Psychology and Early Childhood
Education from Marymount University.
Dave Kling, Acting Director
Pollution Prevention Division
Dave Kling became the Acting Director in November, 1992. He previously held positions as Deputy
Director and Acting Director of the Environmental Assistance Division After v/crkJiig a& a private
consultant for EPA^ Da\re became Chief of Technical and Regulation Assistance, and later manager of
the Asbestos Action Program. He was previously Special Assistant to the Federal Inspector of the U.S.
for the Alaska Natural Gas Transportation System. Dave received his B.A degree in Journalism, a
Master's degree in Administration, and is now completing his Ph.D. in Government at the Johns
Hopkins University.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-17
OFFICE OF COMPLIANCE MONITORING
LEADERSHIP
Office of Compliance
Monitoring
Policy and Grants
Division
Compliance
Division
Laboratory Data
Integrity Assurance
Division
is
Michael Stahl
Director
Michael Stahl became Director in April, 1991.
Prior to this appointment, he served for three
years managing the asbestos-in-buildings pro-
gram, coordinating toxics programs with EPA
regional offices and state agencies, and enhancing
public participation in toxics programs. He worked
in EPA's Asbestos Action Program for three years,
becoming its Director in 1986. Michael began his
EPA service in 1983 as a Special Assistant to the
Director of the Office of Administration. He had
previously served as Special Assistant to the Ex-
ecutive Director of the Consumer Product Safety
Commission. Michael graduated from the Univer-
sity of Missouri with a Master's degree in Public
Administration, after working for three years in
the Missouri Senate as an Assistant to the Majority
Floor Leader.
Connie Musgrove
Deputy Director
Connie Musgrove joined EPA in 1979 as a Special Assistant to the Director, Office of Toxic Substances.
She served on a special agriculture assignment to the House Appropriations Committee Survey and
Investigations Staff, and as Study Director for the National Academy of Science's Board on Agriculture.
In 1986, she rejoined EPA as the Director of the Pesticide Applicator Certification and Training Program.
Connie also spent eight years with the Congressional Research Service specializing in pesticides, toxic
substances, and other environmental legislation. She is a graduate of the University of California.
FUNCTIONS
Q Plans, directs, and coordinates EPA's compliance programs for the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). and Section 313
of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA).
U Provides guidance and direction to EPA regional offices and states regarding implementation
of compliance policies and programs under TSCA, FIFRA, and EPCRA.
Q Conducts or coordinates investigations in response to tips and complaints or special enforcement
initiatives.
Q Inspects labs to determine compliance with Good Laboratory Practices regulations, and audits
studies submitted to EPA for pre-market approval and registration of pesticides and toxic
substances.
-------
Page 11-18
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Office Profiles
DIVISION DIRECTORS
Michael F. Wood. Director
Compliance Division
Michael Wood entered EPA in 1977 with a B.A. degree in Agronomy from the University of
Massachusetts. He has served the toxics and pesticides compliance /enforcement program in the
capacity of staffer. Branch Chief and Division Director.
John J. Neylan m. Director
Policy and Grants Division
John Neylan has served EPA and its predecessor agencies since 1966. He has served in various
supervisory and management positions in pesticides and toxic substances enforcement. John has a
B.S. in Entomology/Applied Ecology from the University of Delaware.
David Dull, Director
Laboratory Data Integrity Assurance Division
David Dull began his career at EPA in 1978 at its Chicago regional office, where he served as a staff
lawyer in the Enforcement Division. He moved in 1980 to become a staff lawyer in the Office of Toxic
Substances. Since 1981, he has held a succession of managerial positions in the Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances and in the Office of Air and Radiation. He became Director of EPA's Good
Laboratory Practices program in March, 1989. David has a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Stanford
University and a Law degree from Wayne State University.
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-19
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE, AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-3 Occupational Health and Safety
1-7 Personnel Actions
1 - 9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1-17-A Domestic Travel Authorizations
1-17-B International Travel Authorizations
1 - 20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1 - 30 Freedom of Information
1-32-A Freedom of Information (FIFRA)
1-32-B Freedom of Information (FIFRA Section I0(g)( 1)]
1-44 Changes in Organizational Structure
1-45 Intergovernmental Review of Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and 40 CFR Part 29
1-48 Request for Information from Other Federal Agencies
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
1-55 FTTA Cooperative Agreements and Licensing Agreements
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT
5-1 -A New Chemical Registration
5-1 -B Change to Existing Registration
5-1-C Reregistration
5-3 Issuance of Experimental Use Permits
5-4 Use of Pesticides Under Experimental Use Permits
5-5 Revocation of Experimental Use Permits
5-6 State Programs for Experimental Use Permits
5-7 Cancellation and Suspension
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Page 11-20 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
5 - 8 Registration of Establishments
5-9 Inspections and Information Gathering
5-10 Annual Report to Congress
5-11 Information Collection Under FIFRA Section 6(g)
5-12 Issuance of Stop Sale, Use or Removal Orders
5-13 Disposition of Pesticides
5-14 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
5-16 Indemnity Payments
5-18 Publication of Judgments
5-19 Importation Activities
5 - 20 Notification of State Department
5-21 Consultation with Secretary of Treasury
5-22 Emergency Exemptions
5 - 24 Soliciting Views
5 - 25 Administering Oaths
5-26 Cooperation with Other Agencies
5-27 State Cooperative Agreements (Personnel & Facilities)
5-29 Contracting for Application Training with Federal Agencies
5-31 Cooperative State Extension Services
FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT
6-1 Prescribing Tolerances for Poisons
6-2 Prescribing Tolerances for Pesticides
6 - 3 Food Additives
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT
8-24 Inspections and Information Gathering (Subtitle I)
8-34 Reimbursement ~ Studies of Underground Storage Tanks
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT
12-1 Inspections and Subpoenas
12-2-A Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
-------
Office Profiles Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Page 11-21
12-2-D Administrative Enforcement: Signing Penalty Remittance Agreements & Remittance Orders
12-3-E Imminent Hazard Determinations
12-4 Section 8(d) Health and Safety Data Reporting Rules
12-5 Request to Simulate In-Service Use for Purposes of Reclassification
12-6 Issuance of Monthly Premanufaeture Notice Summary
12-7 Exemptions from Premarket Notification Requirement
12-8 Extension of Premanufacture Notice Period
12-9 State/Tribal Cooperative Agreements (Toxic Substances Control Projects)
12-10 Regulations Pending the Development of Information
12-11 Section 8(a) Information Gathering Rules
12 - 12 Section 5(a) Significant New Use Rules
12-13 Notices of Receipt of Test Data Under Section 4
12 - 14 Notices of Receipt of FTC Reports
12-15 Granting of Exemptions from Test Rules
12-16 Petitions for Exemption fro PCB Ban Rule
12-17 Petitions for Exemption from the CFC Ban Rule
12-18 Reporting of Allegation Records
12 - 19 Test Rule Decisions
12-20 State Asbestos Pilot Projects
12-21 Approval of PCB Disposal Applications
12-22 Toxic Substances Control Projects
12-23 Toxic Release Inventory Data Capabilities Program: Assistance to States
12-24 Toxic Release Inventory Data Capabilities Program: Assistance to Indian Tribes
12 - 27 Response to Section 21 Petitions
COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT
14-35 List of Hazardous Substances and Toxicological Profiles
REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ACT
15-1 Certification Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act
-------
Page 11-22 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
ASBESTOS SCHOOL HAZARD ABATEMENT ACT
19-1 Asbestos Hazards Abatement School Assistance Program
SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT - TITLE in
22-3-A Administrative Enforcement Actions
22-5 Receipt of Petitions to List/Delist Chemicals and Responses to Petitions
22 - 6 Receipt of Toxic Chemical Release Forms and National Toxic Chemical Inventory
22 - 7 Trade Secrets
ASBESTOS HAZARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE ACT
23-1 Asbestos Inspection and Management Plan Assistance Program
23 - 2 EPA Interim Asbestos Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance Program
23-3 Approvals of Asbestos Training Courses and State Accreditation Programs
ORGANOTIN ANTI-FOULING PAINT CONTROL ACT OF 1988
25-1 Certification of Paints
25-2 Sale and Use of Existing Stocks
25-3 Administrative Enforcement: Issuance of Complaints and Signing of Consent Agreements
POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT
28-1 Assistance Agreements for Pollution Prevention
-------
Office Profiles
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances
Page 11-23
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
Pre-EPA
Dept. of Health
Education &
Welfare
Department
of
Interior
Department .
of
Agriculture
Food & Drug
.Administration
Atomic Energy
Commission
1970
I EPA ป
Water Quality
Office
Air Pollution
Control Office
Pesticides
Office
Radiation
Office
Solid Waste
Office
I
1972
Assistant
Administrator
for Categorical
Programs
1973
Assistant
Administrator for
Hazardous
Materials Control
Water
Pesticides & Toxics
1974
Assistant Administra-
tor for Water &
Hazardous Materials
TOXICS
1976
TSCA
1980
Assistant Admin-
istrator for Toxic
Substances
Assistant Administrator
for Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Pesticides
J
1991
Assistant Administra-
tor for Prevention,
Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
-------
Page 11-24 Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances Office Profiles
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. EPA inherited portions of pesticides programs from the
Departments of Health, Education and Welfare (now Health and Human Services), Interior, Agriculture
and the Food and Drug Administration.
In 1970, EPA's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, published an organizational order in which
the five principal programs: pesticides, water, air. radiation, and solid waste were retained under the
management of commissioners. This was done to assure continuity of program operations and to allow
time to consider the eventual organizational structure. Also at this time, EPA established a presence
in the newly organized Federal regional structure which divided the country into 10 regions.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
In 1971, EPA set up its permanent organizational structure replacing the commissioners with two
Assistant Administrators: one for Air and Water programs, the other for Categorical programs. The
pesticides program was combined with the radiation and solid waste programs, and reported directly
to the Assistant Administrator for Categorical Programs.
A number of factors affected EPA's organizational structure in the early to mid 1970s. The times were
characterized by heavy activity on the legislative front as well as promulgation of over 1500 rules and
regulations. Influencing factors on organizational development included amendments to the Clean Air
Act (1972); environmental impact statements required by the National Environmental Policy Act; the
Resource Recovery Act (1970); the Federal environmental pesticides control environment; guidelines
for limited control of radiation (1972); safety standards for farmworkers (1974); regulation of land use
(1972); and revised water pollution legislation (1972).
In early years, the pesticide and toxics program continued to be aligned with the Categorical AAship.
In 1973, this AAship made an effort to clarify its functions with a more descriptive name and retitled
itself the Office of Hazardous Materials Control. In 1974, the Agency underwent another realignment
and the pesticides and toxics program was combined with the water program under the Assistant
Administrator for Water and Hazardous Materials. In 1976 the Toxic Substances Control Act was
passed. As a result, the Office of Toxic Substances, a staff office reporting to the AA for Water and
Hazardous Materials, was elevated to Assistant Administrator status. The AAship included four
Offices: Chemical Control, Program Integration, Testing and Evaluation, and Pesticide Programs.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
In 1980, the Toxics AAship reorganized internally with one result being the renaming of the AAshJp to
the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS). The reorganization served several purposes. The
first was to eliminate administrative problems experienced under the matrix organization, Otiisr
reasons were to emphasize toxic integration by consolidating the T3CA functions under a single Office,
the new Of5ce cf Toxic Substances, and to develop a coherent long-term TSCA regulatory strategy. To
accomplish these purposes, two new staff offices were established, one for toxics integration
(implementation) and the other for regulatory strategy. In addition to the two staff offices reporting
directly to the AA, the resultant organization contained two program offices (Toxic Substances and
Pesticides). In 1984, OPTS added a new Office of Compliance to enhance enforcement capability.
In 1991, CFTS became the Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances as it took on the lead
responsibility for implementing the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990. Under this reorganization, the
Office of Toxic Substances was renamed the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics and added tlic
Pollution Prevention Division (from the Office of Policy. Planning and Evaluation) to its other divisions.
This reorganization was in response to Section 4(a) of the Pollution Prevention Act which required EPA
to place the pollution prevention function in an office independent of any single media office. The
pollution prevention function was placed in OPTS because the program activities carried out by OPTS
are generally multi-media in nature.
-------
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
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Page 12-2
Office of Research, and Development
Office Profiles
LEADERSHIP
Erich Bretthauer
Assistant Administrator
Erich Bretthauer, a career officer In the U.S. Public Health Service, previously served as the Acting
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Research and Development. Prior to that, he was the Director of
the Environmental Monitoring Systems Labortory in Las Vegas, Nevada, and served in Washington as
the Director of the Office of Processes and Effects Research. Erich received a B.S. degree and a M.S.
degree in Chemistry from the University of Nevada.
Deputy Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
Vacant
Clarence E. Mahan, Director
Office of Research Program Management
Clarence Mahan has been the Director since April, 1986, after serving for three years as the Associate
Comptroller. Before that, he spent a year as the Director, Office of Fiscal and Contracts Management.
He held several positions with the Army, Air Force, and Department of Energy. Clarence received an
M.B.A. degree from Syracuse University, a MA. from The American University, and a Bachelor's from
the University of Maryland.
Dorothy Patton, Executive Director
Risk Assessment Forum
Dorothy Patton has been the Executive Director of the Risk Assessment Forum since 1985. From 1976
to 1985. she was an attorney in the Office of General Counsel. Before coming to EPA, Dorothy was an
Assistant Professor of Biology in the City University of New York. She received her J.D. degree from
Columbia University School of Law, her Ph.D. in Developmental Biology from the University of Chicago,
and a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin.
FUNCTIONS
The Office of Research and Development was established by combining the research components of
fifteen separate agencies and forty-two separate field installations into a single organizational unit.
Today ORD consists of eight offices and fifteen field laboratories. ORD works to fulfill research aspects
of the Agency's mission.
Q Serves as the principal science and technology office of the Agency.
Q Provides scientific basis for determining human health and environmental protection criteria.
Q Establishes technological basis for developing environmental control standards.
Q Provides cost-effective pollution control technology alternatives.
Q Develops measurement methods and Agencywide quality assurance programs to provide
accurate and reliable environmental data.
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Office Profiles Office of Research and Development Page 12-3
SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR ISSUES
DIOXIN
ORD is scheduled to complete a scientific reassessment of the health and effects of dioxin in early 1993,
which was undertaken in response to emerging scientific data on its health and environmental effects.
The dioxin reassessment is critical to development of regulatory action levels and environmental
standards, which have potentially significant ramifications on the types and costs of many environ-
mental programs. There is intense interest in this project both scientifically and in terms of impacts
on programmatic decisions.
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
ORD has taken a strong leadership role in an EPA Senior Policy Group that is evaluating whether the
Agency's ambient ozone control strategy is properly directed, based on recent scientific findings. A draft
research strategy and an analysis of policy options will be discussed in early 1993. Given the huge,
multi-billion dollar impacts for the ozone strategy and the National Academy of Science's conclusion
about the inadequacy of current research programs, ORD should continue to play a strong role in the
policy and subsequent follow-up related to research.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT PROGRAM (EMAP)
This national-scale research and monitoring program was initiated in 1989 to document status and
trends in the condition of the nation's ecological resources on regional scales. EMAP data and
assessments will strengthen the scientific foundation for future environment management and policy
decisions. To achieve its unique objectives, this comprehensive program will require considerable long-
term management attention and commitment. Critical areas include expanding collaboration with
participating Federal agencies, increased emphasis on the development of ecological indicators and
environmentalstatistics methodology, continuing interaction with the academic community concerning
innovations in the monitoring and assessment sciences, and broadening linkages with other EPA
programs.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "CREDIBLE SCIENCE" REPORT
In 1990, Administrator Reilly convened an external panel to develop practical recommendations for the
Agency concerning:
Q How best to provide the Administrator with up-to-date, objective, scientific information
Q How to ensure that the knowledge base necessary to achieve EPA's mission is available
Q How to ensure that research and scientific needs of programs and regions are met
Q How to enhance the stature of science within EPA and among EPA's many constituencies
In March, 1991, the Panel published a report, "Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible
Decisions," with eleven major recommendations. The Agency is actively pursuing implementation
including: instituting a formal EPA peer review policy; forming a new Council of Science Advisors to
promote consistency among EPA programs; and implementing an issue-based planning process for
research. Success of these and other reforms requires leadership by the new Administrator in
demonstrating a commitment to elevating the role of science at EPA. The Agency has recently appointed
William F. Raub as the Administrator's Science Advisor.
BROWNSVILLE BERTH DEFECTS
ORD is continuing an effort to develop a study and action plan to address the health and environmental
issues in the Brownsville, Texas / Matamoros, Mexico area focusing on birth defects. This is a politically
sensitive issue, especially as it relates to the environmental issues surrounding NAFTA.
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Page 12-4 Office of Research and Development Office Profiles
IMPROVING RISK ASSESSMENT
The methods and role of risk assessment as a tool in environmental decision making is controversial.
ORD's risk assessment research, and its databases, technical assistance, and risk assessment
guidelines provide crucial information for EPA programs and regions in development of consistent and
scientifically defensible regulations and enforcement actions. EPA leads an ad hoc working group
established under the Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
(FCCSET) to conduct a government-wide evaluation of risk assessment practices. Through FCCSET
and other mechanisms, we play a lead role in Federal guidance on risk assessment and promote
harmonization of risk assessment"across the Federal government. In 1993 and 1994, ORD will be
issuing guidelines for neurotoxic, reproductive, and immunotoxic risk assessment, revising EPA's
cancer risk assessment guidelines, and holding a series of public meetings and workshops on ORD's
newly developed "Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment". These efforts are provoking intense
interest from scientists within EPA and outside the Agency.
ACQUISITION MANAGEMENT IN ORD
Eighty percent of funds provided to ORD are awarded to outside parties through procurement
contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, and interagency transfer. Procurement issues have been
the focus of Congressional hearings. Office of Inspector General investigations and reports, and
concerted management action. Assistance awards are now under intensive review by the Inspector
General. Major management and procedural reforms have been initiated; however, serious and
sustained management attention and staff investment will be required to assure the integrity of ORD
extramural activities.
CATANO
Community leaders and citizens in the Catano area of Puerto Rico are concerned that poor
environmental quality is adversely affecting their health. According to the Puerto Rico Medical
Association, this area experiences high rates of cancers of all types as well as incidences of pediatric
asthma higher than anywhere else in the world. In response to these concerns, EPA Region 2 has
designed a comprehensive multi-media environmental quality study of the municipality of Catano,
along with large areas of the municipality of San Juan. Issues cover air, water, solid and hazardous
wastes, and enforcement. The study is expected to cost approximately $3 million; current activities
involve exploring funding mechanisms and setting priorities for research. Region II is also working with
the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to establish an asthma registry. Public and press
interest in this issue remains extremely high.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-5
RESOURCES
TRENDS - FY 1984 to FY 1993
(1984 to 1992 Operating Plans, 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
600
500 -
1984 1986 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993
Workyears
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
1,925
1.957
1,814
1984 1985 1986 1987
1990 1991 1992 1993
Resources have increased steadily reflecting expanded research for Superfund and
the Clean Air Act of 1990 (CAA).
> Wnrlrvftars haw. re.mainfiri rf.1ativp.lv stahlft in thp naet t*>n v*ปars
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Page 12-6
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
REGIONAL vs. HEADQUARTERS RESOURCES
(1984 Operating Plans vs. 1993 President's Budget)"
Dollars in Millions
1984
1993
IHQ D Laboratories
Workyears
1S84
1993
I HOP Laboratories |
Resources are divided between Headquarters in Washington and laboratories located
in 12 locations throughout the country. The laboratory resources are classified as
field resources.
Approximately 80% of ORD's resources are for the field laboratories.
However, all ORD resources are accounted for through Headquarters accounts.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-7
BUDGET PROCESS
(From Initial Request to Final Operating Plan)
Dollars in Millions
800
600 -
400 -
200 -
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request!
] President's
I Budget
Operating
Plan
Workyears
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
INPM
Request
OMB
Request!
j Presidents
I Budget
Operating
Plan
For FY 1990 through FT 1993 resources requested by EPA from OMB for the
Office of Research and Development (ORD) significantly exceeded amounts
presented to the Congress in the President's Budget.
1 Since FY 1989 Research and Development (R&D) funds have grown at a steady rate.
Workyears have remained relatively constant.
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Page 12-8
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES REQUESTED FOR 1994
(FY 1994 OMB Request vs. 1993 President's Budget)
Dollars in Millions
700
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
I Operating
Programs
Superfund/
LUST
Workyears
2,500
2,000 -
1,500 -
1,000 -
500 -
1993 Pres Bud
1994 OMB Request
Programs
X-
UJJVll
LUST
FY 1994 increases for operating programs are designed to strengthen EPA's
scientific and technical capabilities. Significant increases are requested for the
Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP), health and ecological
risk programs, and scientific infrastructure.
ORD is also requesting resources to support Rio follow-up and North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) activities.
For FY 1994, Superfund research decreases reflecting a shift to clean-up activities.
Leaking Underground Storage lank (LUST) research programs remain stable.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-9
WORKFORCE DEMOGRAPHICS
EDUCATION LEVELS - ORD
i e 44%/X/Some College
25.36%
23.72%
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Page 12-10
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES OP COLLEGE GRADS
i
1
Q.
E
UJ
Q
oc
o
600
500
400-
300-
200-
100-
Engineering Business,
Comm, Law,
Public Aft
Agriculture, Env Sci, Social Other
Health & Bio Physical Science Disciplines
Sciences Science
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-11
OFFICE OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
%
t
y
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* ' . - %? % 7..
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
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LEADERSHIP
Robert E. Menzer, Acting Director
Office of Exploratory Research
Robert Menzer was named Director of the Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory at Gulf Breeze in
November, 1989. Since then, he has also served
as Acting Director for the Office of Exploratory
Research in Washington. D.C. Prior to joining the
Federal government, he served as Professor and
Director of the graduate program in Marine-Es-
tuarine-Environmental Sciences and Director of
the Water Resources Research Center at the
University of Maryland.
FUNCTIONS
Q
Q
Supports the academic environmental research community.
Supports anticipatory research on environmental problems.
Fosters education and training of current and future environmental scientists and engineers.
Encourages mature workers to pursue new careers in support of environmental goals.
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Page 12-12
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
AND REGULATORY SUPPORT
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Office of Exploratory
Research
LEADERSHIP
Peter W. Preuss, Director
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support
Peter Preuss has been the Director since the
creation of the Office in 1988. From 1985 to 1988,
he was the Director of the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. Peter began his ca-
reer with the Boyce-Thompson Institute for Plant
Research. He received a Ph.D. and a M.S. in Plant
Physiology and Biochemistry from Columbia Uni-
versity and a B.S. from Brooklyn College.
FUNCTIONS
Analyzes and integrates scientific and technological information in the development of
regulations.
Manages the delivery of ORD products and services through an organized program of
technology transfer and technical information exchange.
Promotes EPA regional interests in Agency research activities.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-13
OFFICE OF HEALTH RESEARCH
m*^^
Office of Health
Research
Health Research
Management Staff
Health Effects
Research Lab
RTP.NC
LEADERSHIP
Ken Sexton
Director
Ken Sexton has served as the Director since
Joining the Agency in 1987. Previously, he was
Director of the Indoor Air Quality Program for the
State of California, and the Director of Scientific
Review at the Health Effects Institute in Boston,
MA. Ken received a B.S. from the U.S. Air Force
Academy, a M.S. degree in Environmental Engi-
neering from Washington State University, and a
M.S. in Sociology from Texas Tech University. He
also holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Health Sci-
ences from Harvard University.
FUNCTIONS
Conducts research using oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure: in vitro, animal
toxicology; human clinical, and epidemiological approaches; and toxicological disciplines,
dosimetry and microbiology.
Develops health research policy, priorities and program plans.
Documents adverse effects to humans from environmental exposure to pollutants.
Develops interagency programs which effectively use pollutants.
Offers technical assistance to the regions and program offices.
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Page 12-14
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
PROCESSES AND EFFECTS RESEARCH
LEADERSHIP
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Processes and Effects
Research
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rial &
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: Corvallis, OR
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-; Narragansett, Rl
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Athens, GA i
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i Duluth, MN
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mental Research . Research Lab |
Lab, Ada, OK r GulfBreeze.FL I
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o
Courtney Riordan
Director
Courtney Riordan has served as the Director
since 1988. His prior experience with EPA includes
Director, Officeof Acid Deposition, Environmental
Monitoring and Quality Assurance; Acting Assis-
tant Administrator, Office of Research and De-
velopment; and Associate Director, Office of Air,
Land, and Water Use. Courtney received a B.S.
from Northeastern University in Boston, a Ph.D. in
Regional Planning and Systems Analysis from
Cornell University, and a J.D. from George Wash-
ington University.
FUNCTIONS
Q Conducts research and assessment on the effects of pollutants and other human stresses on
inland ecological systems.
Q Develops the scientific basis for EPA to create environmental policies concerning the use of
freshwater resources.
Q Develops and analyzes scientific data on the impact of hazardous materials released in marine
and estuarine environments.
U Provides the scientific basis for environmental criteria, waste disposal practices, environmental
analysis/impacts, assessments, and marine and estuarine risk assessments.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-15
OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
DEMONSTRATION
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Office of Environmental
Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
Program
Development Staff
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Air & Energy
Engineering
Research Lab
RTP.NC
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Program
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Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab
Cincinnati, OH
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LEADERSHIP
Alfred W. Lindsey
Director
Fred Lindsey has served as Director since 1988,
after having served as Deputy Director. He was
previously involved with developing and imple-
menting various RCRA regulatory programs in the
Office of Solid Waste where he became Deputy
Director of the Technology Division. Before be-
coming a government employee, Fred was em-
ployed in areas involving pollution control, pro-
cess engineering, and research positions in the
pulp and paper industry. He received his B.S.
from North Carolina State University and has
done graduate work at Drexel University and
George Washington University in Environmental
Engineering.
FUNCTIONS
Q Develops control techniques for impacts associated with extracting, processing, converting,
and transporting energy, minerals and other resources, and for impacts of industrial process-
ing and manufacturing facilities.
Q Develops and demonstrates methods for controlling impacts of public sector activities includ-
ing publicly-owned wastewater and solid waste facilities.
Q Develops control and management technology regarding hazardous waste generation, storage.
treatment and disposal.
Q Provides innovative technologies for response actions under Superfund and technologies for
controlling emergency oil spills and hazardous waste spills.
Q Characterizes, reduces and mitigates indoor air pollutants including radon and acid rain
precursors.
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Page 12-16
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
OFFICE OF HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
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Environmental
Assessment
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Program
7^ Operations Staff
'---'< Program Liaison
^ Staff
^
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Exposure Assess-
ment Group
Washington, DC
Environmental
Criteria &
Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH
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Assessment Group
Washington, DC
"
Environmental
Criteria &
Assessment Office
RTP.NC
-
LEADERSHIP
William H. Farland
Director
Bill Farland has served as the Director since
1988. Since Joining the Agency in 1979,heserved
as the Deputy Director of the Health and Envi-
ronmental Review Division, Office of Toxic Sub-
stances, and the Director of the Carcinogen As-
sessment Group, ORD. He received a Ph.D. and
Master's degree from the University of California,
and a B.S. in Biology from Loyola University.
FUNCTIONS
Q
Q
Prepares human health risk assessments that serve as the scientific basis for regulatory and
enforcement decisions within the Agency.
Promotes Agencywide coordination and consistency of risk assessments through the prepa-
ration of guidelines, and by providing expert advice, reviews, and data analyses.
Documents adverse effects to humans from environmental exposure to pollutants.
Plans and conducts research to reduce uncertainties in risk assessment.
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Office Profiles
Office of Research and Development
Page 12-17
OFFICE OF MODELING,
MONITORING SYSTEMS
AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
*
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Office of Modeling,
Monitoring Systems
and Quality Assurance
Program Operations
Staff
Quality Assurance
Management Staff
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and Exposure
Assessment Lab
RTP.NC
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Monitoring Systems
Staff
Environmental
Monitoring and
Assessment Program
.**..:' . - , s
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Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab
Las Veaas. NV
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab
Cincinnati, OH
O ""', XX' X=X
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LEADERSHIP
H. Matthew Bills
Acting Director
Matt Bills has been th'e Acting Director since
January, 1991, serving seven years as the Deputy
Director prior to that. Matt joined the Agency In
1971 as the Director of Data and Information
Research. Before that, he was the Manager of
systems and project support for AIL Information
Systems, a division of Cutler-Hamer, Inc., and
served a tour with the CIA. Matt did his under-
graduate work at William Jewell College and the
University of Kansas. He holds a J.D. degree from
the University of Missouri.
FUNCTIONS
U Characterizes the sources and pathways of pollutants.
Q Determines the status and trends in pollutant concentrations and ecosystem conditions.
Q Quantifies the exposure of humans and ecosystems to pollutants and provides exposure
assessments.
Q Develops and validates models to estimate the atmospheric sources, transport, rate, and
concentrations of pollutants.
Q Develops measurement techniques, analytical tools, and quality control protocols to charac-
terize, monitor, and assess pollutant exposure and ecosystem conditions.
Q Manages the Agencywlde quality assurance program.
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Page 12-18
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
DELEGATIONS HELD BY THE ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR
GENERAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND MISCELLANEOUS
1-9 Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) Program
1-15 Cash Awards
1 - 17A Domestic Travel Authorization
1 - 17B International Travel Authorization
1-20 Annual Leave Forfeiture
1-21 Federal Register
1-41 Mandatory Quality Assurance Program
1-45 Intergovernmental Review Provisions of Executive Order 12372 and CFR 40 Part 29
1-49 Assertion of the Deliberative Process Privilege
1-51 Receptions and Refreshments to Recognize Award Recipients
FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT
5 - 23 Research
CLEAN AIR ACT
7-35 Air Pollution Control Manpower Training Assistance
SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ACT (SWDA)
8-17 Solid Waste Management Technical Training Assistance
8 - 18B Solid Waste Management Training Assistance
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
9-15 Safe Drinking Water Occupational Training Assistance
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Office Profiles Office of Research and Development Page 12-19
^^^^^^^i
NOISE CONTROL ACT
11 - 10 Noise Control Program Grants and Cooperative Agreements
THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE, COMPENSATION & LIABILITY ACT
(CERCLA)
14- 18B CERCLA - Hazardous Substance Research
14-38 CERCLA - EPA's Role In Department of Defense Restoration Act
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Page 12-20
Office of Research and Development
Office Profiles
ORGANIZATIONAL HISTORY
1970
W
01
1973
1975 "
1976
1979
1980
1985
1988
ater Quality
flee
Program
Operation
4-
i
Program
Management
i
i i
anning ?"a
d Review *
Serv
-M-
Research
Program
Mgi j
Regulatory
Support
+
Tech Transfer
& Regulatory
Support
Air Pollution Pesticides Radiation
Control Office Office Office
Solid Waste
Office
Assistant Administrator, Office of
Research and Monitoring
National Environ-
mental Research
Centers (4)
. Mj"initnrinn Onrnar^Ki
s
1
Assistant Administrator, Office of
Research & Development
A
^
r
\ 1
Monitoring Environmental Environmental
Systems Engineering Sciences
i i
Program
Integration
ncial Monitoring Enerav
Imin &Tech Sals & Air, Land & Health &
Ices Support Industry Water Use Eco Effects
1
r-^^- v^' Carcinogen
.... ^ ^f Aeeซ.cซsmซปiiซ
T T
Monitoring Env Eng Env Processes] Health
Systems & and Effects Research
& QA Technology Research
^
v v ^
Exploratory
Research
w
Acid Deposition, Environmental
Monitoring, & Quality Assurance
1
ir
Modeling, Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
+
Health
&Env
Assessment!
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Office Profiles Office of Research and Development Page 12-21
INITIAL ORGANIZATION
EPA was created through an Executive reorganization plan designed to consolidate a number of Federal
environmental activities into a single agency. In 1970, EPA's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus,
published an organizational order providing for the designation of three Assistant Administrators for
Planning and Management, Standards and Enforcement and General Counsel, and Research and
Monitoring. The five principal categorical programs: air, water, solid wastes, radiation and pesticides,
were retained individually under the management of commissioners.
The original structure of the Office of Research and Monitoring, precursor to today's ORD, was based
in part on a research design prepared by the White House Office of Science and Technology. The initial
organization was established by combining the research components of 15 separate agencies and 42
separate field installations. The resultant AAship consisted of three offices: Program Operations,
Monitoring, and Research. Four National Environmental Research Centers (NERCs) were created to
carry out actual in-house research and reported directly to the Assistant Administrator.
FURTHER REORGANIZATION
In 1971, EPA's first permanent organizational structure was announced, and the Office of Research
and Monitoring was officially established.
A 1973 internal ORD reorganization resulted in retitling the office as the Office of Research and
Development and expanded its offices from three to five. The reorganization was based on the theory
that research should be aligned with disciplines. The research function was split into Environmental
Sciences which explored the discipline of cause and effects of pollution; and Environmental Engineering
which researched control technologies. Like its name, the Program Integration Office was created to
integrate the program's research needs with ongoing research disciplines.
Further media accountability was structured by late 1975, when fifteen labs replaced the National
Environmental Research Centers. The labs reported through their respective offices instead of directly
to the AA. ORD's organizational structure continued to reflect this trend when. In 1975, the AAship
reorganized to meet the increasing need for media-related research to set standards mandated by
legislation. Environmental Engineering split into two parts: Energy, Minerals and Industry to research
Industrial pollution; and Air, Water and Land Use to research non-industrial pollution. Environmental
Sciences underwent a name change to Health and Ecological Effects reflecting EPA's growing emphasis
on public health.
In 1976, the Carcinogen Assessment Group was created to communicate ORD's research on
carcinogens to the outside research and academic communities. In 1979, ORD reorganized again, this
time turning from the media approach back to the discipline approach. The emphasis on health related
research continued to grow with an Office dedicated purely to that area. The next years, 1979 and 1980,
saw the addition of an Exploratory Research Office which was created following Congressional mandate
that a percentage of the Agency's research be carried out in universities. The Monitoring Office, whose
purpose had always been to develop new monitoring technologies, assumed the function of quality
assurance for ORD research.
The 1980's have seen two changes in the major organizational framework. First, the Office of
Regulatory Support, created in 1985 to more closely align research with program regulatory needs,
evolved In 1988 to the Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support. The technology transfer
initiative is aimed at sharing EPA research and knowledge with the Federal, state, local and private
communities. Second, the monitoring and quality assurance function was combined with the modeling
function into an Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance.
PRESENT ORGANIZATION
The Office of Research and Development today consists of three staff offices: Research Program
Management, Exploratory Research, and Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support, and five
program offices: Health Research; Environmental Processes and Effects Research; Environmental
Engineering and Technology; Health and Environmental Assessment; and Modeling, Monitoring and
Quality Assurance. In addition, the Agency's Risk Assessment Forum is administered in ORD.
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