United States      Industrial Environmental Research
Environmental Protection  Laboratory
Agency         Research Triangle Park NC 27711
                         APR 81
Research and Development
Report
Abstracts
Industrial
Environmental
Research Laboratory
RTP

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read fit ante rions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-077c
2.
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
         SUBTITLE
 Treatability Studies of Pesticide Manufacturing
 Waste-waters: Dinoseb and Atrazine
                           5. REPORT DATE
                             December 1980
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 Edward Monnig and Ruth A.  Zweidinger
                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Research Triangle Institute
 P.O.  Box 12194
 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  27709
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           C33B1B
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-2688 , Task 109
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Task Final; 5-8/79      	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 62,
 919/541-2547.
16. ABSTRACT
           The report gives results of laboratory and pilot studies of the treatability
 of pesticide manufacturing wastewaters,  in an investigation of the suitability of indi-
 vidual pesticide manufacturing wastewaters for discharge to biological treatment sys-
 tems , whether on site or publicly owned. Aqueous effluents from the manufacture of
 dinoseb and atrazine were evaluated in a hierarchical approach: the least costly
 treatments were evaluated first. Preliminary activated carbon filtration (to remove
 pesticides) followed by biological treatment (to reduce oxygen demand due to other
 organics) was found effective.  Other treatments found inadequate were dilution with
 municipal wastewater and biological treatment and chemical pretreatment to hydro-
 lyze the pesticide followed by biological treatment. Activated carbon filtration alone
 greatly reduced the phytotoxicity of the pesticide wastewater even though substantial
 breakthrough of some organic compounds occurred.
17,
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
               b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
 Pollution
 Pesticides
 Waste Water
 Water Treatment
 Industrial Processes
               Pollution Control
               Stationary Sources
               Dinoseb
               Atrazine
 13B
 06F
                                         13H
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
    50
               20. SECURITY CLASS (This page}
                Unclassified
22. PRICE
                                         • Q«*
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-81-022
                           2.
                                                      3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 Guidelines for the Disposal of PCBs and PCB Items
  by Thermal Destruction
                                                     5. REPORT DATE
                                                      February 1981
                                                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
         D G Ackerman,L. L. Scinto, P. S. Bakshi,
 D. L.Anderson .R.G.Delumyea, R.J.Johnson,
 G. Richard. and A. M. Takata   *	*
                                                      8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 TRW,  Inc.
 One Space Park
 Redondo Beach, California 90278
                                                      10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                      C1YL1B
                                                      11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                      68-02-3174, Taskl
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                      Task Final; 10/79-4/80
                                                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                       EPA/600/13
 is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 62,
 919/541-2547.
 i6. ABSTRACT The repOrt jg a resource and guidelines document to aid EPA Regional
 Offices in interpreting and applying polychlorinated biphenyl  (PCB) regulations to
 the thermal destruction of PCBs. As background material, the report describes
 fundamental processes of combustion, thermal destruction systems,  sampling and
 analysis methodology, and flame chemistry relative to PCB incineration. Adminis-
 trative considerations, including public  involvement, are discussed.  Detailed guide-
 lines on the evaluation of Annex I incinerators, high efficiency boilers, and the
 several stages of the approval process are presented and discussed.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                    COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution            Combustion
 Chlorine Aro-       Pyrolysis
  matic Compounds   Sampling
 Biphenyl            Analyzing
 Incinerators
 Boilers
                                          Pollution Control
                                          Stationary Sources
                                          Polychlorinated Bi-
                                           phenyls
                                          Flame Chemistry
13B
07C
                                                                  13A
21B
07D
14B
 3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                                          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                          Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
     317
                                          20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                                          Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                        -4-

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 . REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-81-033a
                           2.
                           NTIS No. PB81-173346
                                                     3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB Waste Oil;
 Vol. I. Summary
                                                     6. REPORT DATE
                                                     March 1981
                                                     6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORtS)
S. G. Zelenski, Joanna Hall, and S. E. Haupt
                                                      8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING OROANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA/Technology Division
Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts  01730
                                                      10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                      1LB764
                                                     11. CbNtRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                     68-02-3168, Task 9
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                                      13. TYPE OF REPORT AND f ERIOO COVERED
                                                      Task Final; 5-"
                                                      14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                       EPA/600/13
 is.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL-RTP project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 62,
 919/541-2547.
 16. ABSTRACT
          The two-volume report documents the permitting process followed by the
 State of Michigan before allowing a trial destruction burn of poly chlorinated biphe-
 nals (PCBs) at the General Motors  (GM) Chevrolet Bay City plant.  Volume I includes
 a chronology of events and a matrix depicting the interaction of federal,  state, and
 local government agencies and GM  in the permitting process. The matrix presents
 a list of who requested and who responded to each need for additional information.
 An analysis of the significance of interactions, including interagency communications
 private sector/public communication, and the flow and quality of information devel-
 oped, is provided. Finally, recommendations that are based on this permit applica-
 tion process and that might facilitate  subsequent applications for burns of hazardous
 materials are made. Volume n contains the relevant documents summarized in the
 Volume I lists.  Recommendations include:  (1) identification of all groups  that may
 play an important role in future permitting processes; (2)  contacting these groups by
 letter or  in person; (3) developing a relationship of cooperation with these groups;
 (4) determining the level of support for  proposed action; and (5) determining the
 necessary course of action based on the level of support.
17.
a.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Chlorine Aromatic
  Compounds
Biphenyl
[nsulating Oil
Combustion
                    Incinerators
                    Waste Disposal
                    Boilers
                    Licenses
                    Toxicity
                    Communicating
Pollution Control
Stationary  Sources
Poly chlorinated Biphe-
  nyls (PCBs)
Permitting Process
Waste Oil
13 B

07C

11H
21B
ISA
05D
06T
15E
 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                                          19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                                          Unclassified
                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                               86
                                          20. SECURITY CLASS (Thitpage)
                                          Unclassified
                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (i-73)
                                         -0-

-------
                               TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 .REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-81-033b
                           3.
                                                      3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Applying for a Permit to Destroy PCB Waste Oil;
 Vol. II. Documentation
                                 5. REPORT DATE
                                  March 1981
                                 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
S. G. Zelenski, Joanna Hall, and S. E. Haupt
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
GCA/Technology Division
Burlington Road
Bedford, Massachusetts  01730
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                 1LB764
                                  11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                  68-02-3168, Task 9
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                  13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                  Task Final;  5-12/79	
                                  14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                   EPA/600/13
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jjSRL-RTP project officer is David C. Sanchez, Mail Drop 62,
919/541-2547.
16. ABSTRACT
          The two-volume report documents the permitting process followed by the
State of Michigan before allowing a trial destruction burn of polychlorinated biphe-
nals (PCBs) at the  General Motors  (GM) Chevrolet Bay City plant.  Volume I includes
a chronology of events and a matrix depicting the interaction of federal,  state, and
local government agencies and GM  in the permitting process. The  matrix presents
a list of who requested and who responded to each need for additional information.
An analysis of the significance of interactions, including interagency communications
private sector/public communication, and the flow and quality of information devel-
oped, is provided.  Finally, recommendations that are based on this permit applica-
tion process and that might facilitate subsequent applications for burns of hazardous
materials are made. Volume II contains the relevant documents summarized in the
Volume I lists.  Recommendations include:  (1) identification of all groups  that may
play an important role in future permitting processes; (2) contacting these groups by
letter or  in person; (3) developing a relationship of cooperation with these groups;
(4) determining the level of support for  proposed action; and (5) determining the
necessary course of action based on the level of support.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
                DESCRIPTORS
                      b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS  C. COSATI Field/Group
Pollution
Chlorine Aromatic
  Compounds
Biphenyl
Insulating Oil
Combustion
Incinerators
Waste Disposal
Boilers
Licenses
Toxicity
Communicating
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Polychlorinated Biphe-
 nyls (PCBs)
Permitting Process
Waste Oil
13 B

07C

11H
21B
13A
05D
06T
15E
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                      19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                      Unclassified
                                                                  21. NO. OF PAGES
                           216
                      20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                      Unclassified
                                              22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
                    -6-

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/2-81-044a
                           2.
      NTIS No.  PB81-178303
                                                      3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION- NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Qffghore Platform Hazardous Waste
 Incineration Facility: Feasibility Study Summary
                                 S. REPORT DATE
                                 March 1981
                                                      6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                                                      8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
R.J. Johnson, F.E. Flynn, and P. J. Weller
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 TRW, Inc.
 One Space Park
 Redondo Beach, California  90278
                                                      10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                     C33B1B
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                 68-02-3174, Task 19
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPQRT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                 IERB; 4-6/80	
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES EERL-RTP project officer is David C.  Sanchez, MD-62, 919/541-
2547.  Provided as Problem-Oriented Report to EPA/OWWM. EPA-600/D-80-012
 (formerly assigned to this report) has been cancelled.
is. ABSTRACT Tne repOI.t summarizes a feasibility study of using an existing offshore
oil platform, being offered to the Government, as a site for incineration of hazardous
wastes and related research. The platform, located in the Gulf of Mexico about 100
km south of Mobile, AL, has potential as an environmentally safe site for operational
and research oriented incineration. The study indicates that an incinerator, capable
of destroying a wide range of waste types at up to 3 metric tons/hour, can be instal-
led on the platform along with the necessary support facilities. An environmental
assessment of worst-case air and water quality impacts from waste incineration
revealed insignificant air quality effects at the nearest land point and on the platform.
Water quality effects will not be significant for most wastes. For highly toxic and
persistent substances s an activated carbon scrubber water treatment system can be
provided. Estimated capital costs were #6.6 million for offshore and shore base
facilities, and waste transportation containers. Labor, offshore personnel subsis-
tence,  fuel, transportation, maintenance, depreciation, and land lease costs were
estimated at #3.9 million/year, or approximately S^S/metric ton of waste inciner-
ated for 12  hour/day, 7 days/week operation. Continuous and intermittent operation
of the incinerator were also considered.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
                     b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                           COS AT I Field/Group
 Pollution
 Offshore Structures
 Incinerators
 Waste Disposal
 Toxicity
 Hazardous Materials
Activated Carbon
Scrubbers
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
At-Sea Incineration
Hazardous Wastes
13B
13M    07A,13I
                                              06T
                                              11G
12. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 Release to Public
                                          19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                          Unclassified
                                              21. NO. OF PAGES
                                                   34
                     20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                     Unclassified
                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (*-73)
                    -7-

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                                 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 |1. REPORT NO.
   EPA-600/2-81-047
2.
NTISNo. PB81-172264
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
 14. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
        XAD-2 Thermal Blank Determination
                          |S. REPORT DATE
                           March 1981
                                                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 17. AUTHORIS)
                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 IC.H.  Lochmuller and Eric C. Jensen
   PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  Duke University
  P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratories
  Durham, North Carolina 27706
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           INE624	
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT

                           Grant R805494-01
  12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
  EPA,  Office of Research and Development
  Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final: 5/78-6/79	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/13
 ji5 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES j£RL-RTP project officer is Larry D. Johnson,  MD-62, 919/541-
 12557. EPA-600/D-80-008 was formerly assigned to this report.
 116. ABSTRACT ,
           The report gives results of a study to achieve qualitative and quantitative
 Jdeterminations of the thermal blank produced by XAD-2 resin as used in EPA's
 I Level 1 environmental assessment procedure. Accurate determination of the nature
 Jof the species collected from the environment requires that the trapping material
 [used produce only a relatively small, well-defined blank when carried through the
 [collection procedure. Simulated-use conditions were utilized to evaluate the blank in
 [these studies. In addition to the thermal study, the blank was  examined to determine
 [both the materials present in the resin before cleaning, and the materials  produced
 [by physical agitation of the resin.
|17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
|a DESCRIPTORS
(Pollution Thermal Stability
[Sampling Chloromethanes
[Analyzing
[Assessments
[Polymers
(Adsorbents
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Release to Public
I 	 "
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Environmental Assess-
ment
XAD-2 Resin
Thermal Blanks
19. SECURITY CLASS (THu Report}
Unclassified
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thil page)
Unclassified
|^HO^HI^Mfl^^^MMMi^^"^W^^n^W>^HMBM^^^^H^^^BMto*^^MMM^^B^M
C. COSATI
13B
14B


07D
11G
31
Field/Group
20M
07C



PAGES
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (t-7J)
                                         -8-

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Mease read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-80-066
2.
NTB No. PB81-178535
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS)Of*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Effects of Coal-ash Leachate on Ground Water
 Quality
                           5. REPORT DATE
                            March 1980
                           5. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
 Jack D. Milligan and Richard J. Ruane
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Tennessee Valley Authority
1120 Chestnut Street, Tower H
Chattanooga, Tennessee 37401
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           INE624A
                           Tl. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           EPA Interagency Agreement
                            D5-E721
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                           Final; 5/75-11/79    	
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/13
 is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES JERL-RTP project officer is
 919/541-2547. TVA project director is Hollis B.
                    Michael C. Osborne, Mail Drop 62,
                     Flora n.
 is. ABSTRACT
              repOrt gives results of research to: (1) develop methodology for the
 field-collection of coal-ash leachate; (2) chemically characterize ash leachates from
 power plants using different coal sources; (3) determine the characteristics of the
 hydrogeochemical environment in which the leachate occurs; and (4) determine the
 attenuation of coal-ash leachate by various soil types.  Groundwater monitoring wells
 were installed around ash ponds at two TVA plants. Continuous soil-core samples
 were collected and analyzed periodically.  Ash leachate was percolated through dif-
 ferent clays and soils to study attenuation rates. Results include indications that: (1)
 coal-ash leachate is highly variable, but characteristically high in dissolved solids,
 B, Fe, Ca, Al,  and SO4; ash  leachate is acidic, with measured pH as low as 2; (2)
 the coal sources associated with the study produced ash leachate with similar char-
 acteristics; (3) an inert-gas lift pump was effective in  collecting anoxic groundwater
 samples while minimizing oxidation; (4) differences were found in the characteristics
 of leachate samples obtained by extracting the interstitial soil water and samples col-
 lected from the monitoring wells; interstitial water samples contained higher concen-
 trations of metals  and were more acidic than well samples; and (5) the flux of metals
 in the ash pond leachate was negligible compared to ash pond surface overflow.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                          COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution
 Leaching
 Water Quality
 Ground Water
 Coal
 Ashes
                Pollution Control
                Stationary Sources
                Coal Ash
13B
07D,07A

08H
21D
21B
 3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
 Release to Public
               19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
               Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
    125
               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
               Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
              -9-

-------
                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (f lease read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 . REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-81-009
2.
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
». TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
  Evaluation Report, Koppers-Totzek Process
                           5. REPORT DATE
                           January 1981
                           6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
 C.A. Zee, J. F.Clausen, and K.W.Crawford
                           B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 TRW,  Inc.
 One Space Park
 Redondo Beach, California  90278
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                           INE825
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                           68-02-2635
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND P
                           Final; 8/79-12/80
                                          O PERIOD COVERED
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                            EPA/600/13
 15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jERL-RTP project officer is William J.  Rhodes, Mail Drop 61,
 919/541-2853. EPA-650/2-74-009a is an earlier report relating to this process.
 16. ABSTRACT
          The report gives results of a source test program at a Koppers-Totzek
 (K-T)^ coal gasification plant operated by AECI, Ltd. at Modderfontein, Republic of
 South Africa. EPA is interested in the K-T process because process economics and
 demonstrated commercial reliability make it a viable prospect for U.S. applications.
 Responsibilities for sampling, analysis, and engineering descriptions of the plant
 were shared by TRW and Krupp-Koppers  GmbH of Essen, Federal Republic of Ger-
 many. EPA's phased approach for environmental assessments was followed. Level
 1 and Level 2 data were collected along with priority pollutant screening data. Much
 of the effort was focused on wastewater streams. Waste water treatment, consisting
 of a clarifier and settling pond, was adequate to  produce  a final discharge that had
 lower pollutant levels than the fresh input waters supplied to the plant. The report
 contains complete data and describes the  K-T process and the Modderfontein plant.
 The Source Test Evaluation (STE), intended as an initial  effort, was somewhat
 limited in scope. Recommendations for future  STE programs are provided.
 7.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
               b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution
 Coal Gasification
 Assessments
 Waste Water
 Water Treatment
               Pollution Control
               Stationary  Sources
               Koppers-Totzek Process
               Source Testing
13B
13H
14B
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
               19. SECURITY CLASS (THis Report)
               Unclassified
                                                                  21. NO. OF PAGES
    89
               20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
               Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
              -10-

-------
                                  TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                            (Please read Instructions on the reverie before
1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-81-012a
                                                          3 RECIPltNT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 EPA Utility FGD Survey: October - December 1980
  Volume I.  Categorical Summaries of FGD Systems
                                                          5 REPORT DATE
                                                           January  1981
                                                          6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)

  M. Smith,  M.  Melia,  N.  Gregory, K.  Scalf
                                                          8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.

                                                           PN 3560-2-6
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
  PEDCo  Environmental,  Inc.
  11499  Chester Road
  Cincinnati,  Ohio  45246
                                                          10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                                           1NE828
                                                          11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                                           68-02-3173,  Task 17
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
   EPA,  Office of Research and Development
   Industrial  Environmental Research Laboratory
   Research  Triangle Park, N.C.  27711
                                                          13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                                           Quarterly;  10-12/80	
                                                          14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                                           EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
  IERL-RTP Project Officer is Norman Kaplan, Mail Drop 61, 919/541-2556.
  reports are in the EPA-600/7-80-029 and EPA-600/7-79-022 series.
                                                                           Related
 16. ABSTRACT
  This  report is the first full compilation (not a supplement) since the October-
  December 1979 report (EPA-600/7-80-029a).  Because the next three reports are to
  be  supplements, this issue should be retained for reference throughout the year.
  The report, which is generated by a computerized data base system, presents a
  survey of operational  and planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
  systems,  terminated domestic utility FGD systems, operational domestic particle
  scrubbers,  and Japanese coal-fired utility boiler FGD installations.  It sum-
  marizes information contributed by the utility industry, process suppliers,
  regulatory agencies, and consulting engineering firms.  Domestic FGD systems are
  tabulated alphabetically by development status (operational, under construction,
  or  in planning stages), utility company, process supplier, process, and waste
  disposal  practice.   It presents data on boiler design, FGD system design, fuel
  characteristics,  and actual performance.  It includes unit by unit dependability
  parameters  and discusses problems and solutions associated with the boilers and
  FGD systems.   Process  flow diagrams and FGD system economic data are appended.
  Section 3 of this report, because of its length, appears in Volume II (EPA-600/7-
  81-012b).
17.
                                KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                  DESCRIPTORS
                                              b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                          COS AT I Field/Group
  Pollution
  Flue Gases
  Desulfurization
  Electric Utilities
  Waste Disposal
  Boilers
                       Maintenance
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Utility Boilers
13B
21B
07A, 07D

15E
13A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

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                                             19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                                              Unclassified
                         21. NO. OF PAGES
                              353
                                             20. SECURITY CLASS (THispage)

                                              Unclassified
                         22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
                                           -11-

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                                 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-81-025
2.
                           3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION'NO.
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 Environmental Aspects of Synfuel Utilization
                           5. REPORT DATE
                           March 1981
                                                       6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
 M.  Ghassemi and R. S. Iyer
                           8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 TRW, Inc.
 One Space Park
 Redondo Beach, California 90278
                           10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                            CCZN1A
                           11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
                            68-02-3174, W.A. 18
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
                           13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                            Task Final; 3/80-2/81
                           14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                             EPA/600/13
 is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES IERL.RTP project officer is Joseph A.  McSorley, Mail Drop 61,
 919/541-2827.
 16. ABSTRACT
               repOr^ gjves results of a review of the environmental concerns relating
 to the distribution, handling, and end-use of synfuel products likely to enter the mar-
 ket place by the year 2000, and assigns priority rankings to products from the stand-
 point of environmental concerns.  The report:  reviews available data on the physical,
 chemical, and health effects  characteristics of synfuel products and the environmen-
 tal significance  of such characteristics; analyzes the potential environmental impacts
 and regional implications associated with the production and end- use;  and ranks the
 products from the standpoint of environmental concerns and mitigation requirements.
 Review results indicate that: (a) wide-scale transportation, distribution, and end-use
 of certain synfuel products can present significant threats to the environment and the
 public health; (b) based on gross characteristics , synfuel products appear to be sim-
 ilar to petroleum products , but detailed characterization data are not available to
 judge their relative safety; and (c) synfuel teet and evaluation programs currently
 underway or planned provide excellent opportunities for the collection of some of
 the  required environmental data.
17.
                              KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                           b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                        c. COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution
 Assessments
 Coal
 Liquefaction
 Coal Gasification
 Shale Oil
               Pollution Control
               Stationary Sources
               Synfuels
               Environmental Impacts
13B
14B
08G
07D
13H
 \. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
               19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
   402
               20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                         -12-

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                               TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
  REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-81-029
             3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
t. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Methods for Level 2 Analysis by Organic Compound
 Category
             5. REPORT DATE
              March 1981
             6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
t. AUTHORIS)
K. E. Thrun,J. C. Harris ,C. E.Rechsteiner, and
 D. J. Sorlin
             8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
». PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Acorn Park
Cambridge, Massachusetts  02140
             10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
              C-06A1B
             11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

              68-02-3111, Task 104
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC  27711
             13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
             Task Final: 11/78-1/81
             14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
               EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
                         	project officer is Larry D. Johnson, Mail Drop 62,
 919/541-2557.  The report supplements EPA-600/7-79-033; both it and -033 supersede
 interim report EPA-60Q/7-78-Q16.	____^_
 is. ABSTRACT
               report gives Level 2 procedures , including results of a laboratory
 evaluation of detailed methods for analyzing organic chemicals in particular com-
 pound categories. The report, supplementing an earlier Level 2 procedures manual,
 provides an initial experimental data base as a resource for laboratories undertaking
 Level 2 studies. The Level 2 methods were designed to provide more detailed and
 more accurate data concerning specific compounds whose presence in the sample
 could be inferred on the basis of the categorical analysis of Level 1.  A systematic
 laboratory evaluation of the methods for Level  2 analysis of each major category of
 organic compounds was  conducted. Methods were evaluated using sets of model
 compounds spanning a range of molecular weights and boiling  points in each category.
 Evaluation criteria included:  detection limit , retention time , chromatographic resol-
 ution, and precison and accuracy of the method. Specific detailed Level 2 methods
 have been recommended for 25 categories of organic compounds. Most of the pri-
 mary recommendations are based on packed- column gas -chromatography /mass -
 spectrometry, with alternative procedures suggested where appropriate for particu-
 lar sample matrices or compound types. Analytical data using the specified example
 conditions are usually illustrated for each recommended method.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
 b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C.  COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution
 Organic Compounds
 Analyzing
 Gas Chromatography
 Mass Spectrometry
  Pollution Control
  Stationary Sources
  Level 2 Analysis
13B
07C
14B
07D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

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 19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
  Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
    326
 20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
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22. PRICE
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-13-

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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA 1
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing) \
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/7-81-034
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Greenhouse Production of Bedding and Foliage Plants
with Industrial Waste Heat
7. AUTHOR(S)
Isaac J. Crumbly
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Tort Valley State College
P.O. Box 5800
Fort Valley, Georgia 31030
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO. 1
6. REPORT DATE
March 1981
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE 1
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624 	
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Grant R- 804499
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final; 8/76-8/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES iERL-RTP_project officer is Theodore G. Brna, Mail Drop 61,
2683. EPA-600/7-80-108 and EPA-600/D- 80-014 were both earlier assigned to this
report (both are now cancelled).
  . ABSTRACT
               report gives results of sat evaluation of potentially beneficial uses of
 industrial waste heat for production of bedding and foliage plants , using convention-
 ally and warm-water heated greenhouses in Fort Valley,  GA. Each greenhouse was
 a plastic covered, 30 x 72 -ft quonset.  The research greenhouse was heated and
 cooled with simulated warm condenser cooling water; the control greenhouse was
 conventionally heated and cooled during the 9-month test. During 1979 , cultivars of
  0 leading ornamental plants , 8 species of  foliage plants , and tomatoes used as bed-
 ding plants were studied for growth rate, survivability, and susceptibility to disease
 in the humid greenhouses. No statistically significant difference in growth rate for
  r of 10 ornamental and 4 of 8 foliage plants was observed in the two greenhouses .
  Tomatoes, coleus,  geraniums, Ardisia humilis, and Hypoestes sanguinolenta grown
 in the conventional greenhouse and the remaining cultivars in the research green-
       had statistically significant higher growths. No significant difference in sur-
 vivability among the foliage plants and 8 of 10 ornamentals was seen in either green-
  louse. Browallia and coleus  survived better in the conventional greenhouse. No dis-
 eases were evident in either  greenhouse. Research greenhouse heating and cooling
 were satisfactory despite the oversized heat exchanger that was used.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                 DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                              c. COSATi Field/Group
 ?ollution
 Greenhouses
 Industrial Wastes
 Heat Recovery
 Plants (Botany)
 Vegetation
Diseases
Growth
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Bedding Plants
Disease Resistance
13B
02C

20M,13A
06C
06E
' 3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                      19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
                      Unclassified
                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                             48
                      20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
                      Unclassified
                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (1-73)
                    -14-

-------
                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 . REPORT NO.
 EPA-600/7-81-037
      2.
                                 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
 .TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 Fabric Filter Systems Study: Second Annual Report
                                 5. REPORT DATE
                                  March 1981
                                                      6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
'. AUTHOR(S)
 K.L.Ladd, R.L.Chambers, O.C.Plunk, and
  S.L.Kunka
                                 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Southwestern Public Service Company
 P.O. Box 1261
 Amarillo, Texas  79170
                                 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                 E HE 62 4 A	
                                 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                 68-02-2659
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                                 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                 Annual; 10/78-10/79	
                                 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                  EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jERL-RTP project officer is Dale L. Harmon, Mail Drop 61, 919/
 541-2925. EPA-600/7-79-183 was the first year's report.
  . ABSTRACT
              repOr|- describes the second year's activities of a comprehensive EPA-
 funded study of a commercial fabric filter on a 350-MW low sulfur coal-fired unit at
 Southwestern Public Service Company's Harrington Station, near Amarillo, Texas.
 Special tests were performed to characterize gaseous and particulate emissions ,  to
 evaluate fabric performance, and to optimize the fabric filter system's perfor-
 mance. Tests will continue. Test results confirmed that the unit can operate in
 compliance with the existing New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) of 0. 1 lb/
 million Btu. Because NOx concentrations were consistent at all five sampling loca-
 tions, NOx will be excluded from future testing. Test results from the stack indica-
 ted that the unit can meet existing NSPS for SO2; results correlated  well with stoi-
 chiometric calculations. During other tests: mass emissions of particulate mea-
 sured at the stack ranged from 0. 007 to 0. 034 Ib/million Btu; average particulate
 collection efficiency was about 99.3%; the  mean particle diameter was 5.4 micro-
 meters at  the stack exit; SO2 emissions were within NSPS of 1. 2 Ib/million Btu;
 NOx emissions were consistent across the  entire baghouse; and SOS emissions
 ranged from 0. 3 to 3 ppm.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                             c. COSATI Field/Group
 Pollution
 Filtration
 Fabrics
 Dust
 Aerosols
 Sulfur Oxides
Nitrogen Oxides
Fly Ash
Electrostatics
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Fabric Filters
Particulate
13B
07D
HE
11G

07B
2 IB
20C
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

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                     19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
                     Unclassified
                                                                   21. NO. OF PAGES
                            202
                     20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
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                        22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                        -ID-

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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                         (Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
 1. REPORT NO.                [27
 EPA-600/9-81-018
 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
 Second Symposium on Process Measurements for
  Environmental Assessment (February 1980, Atlanta)
                               3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.


                               5. REPORT DATE
                                April 1981
                               6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
 7. AUTHOR(S)
 Judith C.  Harris, Compiler
                               8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                82480-02
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 Arthur D. Little, Inc.
 Acorn Park
 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
                               10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                                C06A1B
                               11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                                68-02-3111, Task 108
 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                               13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                                Proceedings; 2/80	
                               14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                                 EPA/600/13
 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES T.ERL-RTP project officer is Larry D. Johnson, Mail Drop 62,
 919/541-2557.  The first symposium is described in EPA-600/7-78-168.
 16. ABSTRACT
          The report documents 22 presentations comprising 12 poster sessions at the
 symposium.  The symposium focused on the state-of-the-art of sampling and analysis
 techniques that are appropriate for process measurements in the context of an envi-
 ronmental assessment program. Methods are included for qualitative and quantitative
 chemical characterization of organic and inorganic species in process and discharge
 streams and biological assays  of environmental samples. The symposium was part
 of EPA's continuing effort to share recently developed methodology and encourage
 the interchange of ideas between researchers in government, industry, and acade-
 mia. Topics included: use of sorbents for sampling, sampling of reactive species,
 sampling and analysis methodology for coal conversion processes, advanced inorga-
 nic analysis techniques,  advanced organic analysis techniques, and application of
 bioassay methods to complex samples.
17.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                            c. COSATI Field/Croup
 Pollution
 Industrial Processes
 Assessments
 Measurement
 Sampling
 Analyzing
Sorbents
Coal Preparation
Bioassay
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
Environmental Assess-
ment
13B
13H
14B
14G
11G
081
06A
 8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT

 Release to Public
                    19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
                    Unclassified
                                                                  21. NO. OF PAGES
                             353
                    20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
                    Unclassified
                        22. PRICE
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