EPA Region 6 ORD
Scientific/Technical Grants Reference Manual
Prepared by
Regional Science Council
of the
Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
Dallas, Texas
February 2003
(1st Edition)
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EPA Region 6 ORD Scientific/Technical Grants Reference Manual
EPA Regional Science Council
Dallas, Texas
TITLE:
EDITORS:
EPA Region 6 ORD Scientific/Technical Grants Reference Manual
Michael A. Callahan, David Riley, H. Troy Stuckey,
Rhonda Smith, Barbara Keeler, Michael Morton (RSC Subgroup B:
Research Issues and ORD Interface)
CONTRIBUTORS: Cheryl M. Scott (Congressional Liaison, Office of External Affairs)
Estella Waldman (Office of Research and Development)
SPECIAL
THANKS:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
SOURCE
OF COPIES:
NUMBER
OF PAGES:
ABSTRACT:
Dr. Mark J. Winter, creator of www.webelements.com. for granting
permission for use of his hydrogen graphic in the logo of the Regional
Science Council.
February 4, 2003 (1st edition)
Technical Index for ORD scientific/technical grants being administered
within EPA Region 6
Regional Science Council
US EPA, Region 6
1445 Ross Ave.
Dallas, Texas 75202-2733
657
This document contains information useful in locating researchers,
institutions, congressional districts, and descriptions of grants being
administered in EPA Region 6 by EPA's Office of Research and
Development (ORD). Grant types include: STAR, STAR FELLOWSHIP,
SBIR PHASE I & II, EARLY COMPETED CENTER, and HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER. The manual is intended as a
reference encyclopedia which enables readers to locate detailed information
related to the various grant types. An extended topic index is also included.
Since 1995, the ORD grants to Region 6 account for approximately
$60 million in applied research. ^
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Regional Science Council
US EPA, Region 6
The Regional Science Council (RSC) is a group of Region 6 scientists who meet monthly to
discuss issues, work on specific projects of regionwide interest, and make recommendations to
management concerning science matters.
The RSC members are appointed by the Deputy Regional Administrator and the Division
Directors, with terms of three years. The RSC represents Region 6 and encourages all EPA
employees to share their thoughts and ideas with RSC. While voting is limited to delegates,
meetings are open and all interested staff are encouraged to attend.
«
The overall vision for science in Region 6 is to be a place where: (1) a culture of scientific
excellence exists; (2) science collaboration and communication activities are highly effective;
(3) the right skills and technical expertise are available to respond to environmental challenges;
(4) scientists and decision-makers work to make science a key component to regional priority
setting; (5) scientific and technical capabilities are effectively used in achieving regional
priorities.
The RSC goals include: (1) Improved quality of regional and national scientific work.
(2) Increased use of sound science in regional decision making. (3) More effective planning of
scientific work. (4) Better communication of ongoing and completed scientific work.
RSC Members 2002-2003
Division Representatives At Large Representatives
Michael Callahan (Chairman) Dr. Gerald Carney
Dr. Norman Dyer Clay Chesney
Barbara Keeler Dr. Kuenja Chung
Dr. Doug Lipka Patrick Hammack
Rick McMillin Phillip Jennings
Dr. Michael Morton Dr. Sharon Osowski
David Riley Dr. Troy Stuckey (Vice-Chairman)
JeffYurk
Division Alternates Ex-Officio Member
Eric Adidas Rhonda Smith
Patrick Hammack
Don Johnson
Dr. Abu Senkayi Senior Management Sponsor
Kenneth Teague Dr. Oscar Ramirez
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Table of Contents
1.0 Grant Types
1.1 Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grants
1.2 Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships
1.3 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I and II
1.4 Hazardous Substance Research Center (HSRC)
2.0 Grant Indices
2.1 Grants by Congressional District
2.2 Grants by Institution
2.3 Grants by Investigator
3.0 Grant References
3.1 Grant Reference List
3.2 Listings 1 to 100 (STAR Grant White Pages)
3.3 Listings 101 to 115 (STAR Fellowship Pink Pages)
3.4 Listings 116 to 155 (SBIR Grant Yellow Pages)
3.5 Listings 156 to 237 (Early Competed Center and Hazardous Substance Research
Center Blue Pages)
4.0 Topic Index
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Section 1.0
Grant Types
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This document is a reference for locating information related to scientific and technical grants
administered in EPA Region 6 by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD). The grant
information available for quick reference includes:
• Congressional Districts and Representatives
• Research Institutions
• Principal Investigators
• Research Subjects
Detailed information related to the various grants is included, as well as an extended topic index.
Several different types of funding are available from ORD for scientific and technical research.
These are described below:
1.1 Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grants
The STAR program is overseen by the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER).
This program funds research grants and graduate fellowships in numerous environmental science
and engineering disciplines through a competitive solicitation process and independent peer
review. The program engages the nation's best scientists and engineers in targeted research that
complements EPA's own outstanding intramural research program and those of its partners in
other federal agencies. In addition, through this same competitive process, NCER periodically
establishes large research centers in specific areas of national concern.
STAR research is funded through Requests for Applications (RFAs) that are derived from the
ORD Strategic Plan and from research plans for specific topics developed by ORD. RFAs are
prepared in cooperation with other parts of the Agency and concentrate on areas of special
significance to the EPA mission.
1.2 Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Fellowships
The STAR Fellowship program encourages promising students to obtain advanced degrees and
pursue careers in environmentally-related fields, such as physical, biological, and social sciences
and engineering.. This goal is consistent with the mission of EPA, which is to provide leadership
in the nation's environmental science, research, education, assessment, restoration, and
preservation efforts. The EPA funds graduate fellowships in academic disciplines relating to
environmental research. These fellowships are intended to help defray costs associated with
advanced environmentally oriented study leading to the master's or doctoral degree. EPA
presently supports about 200 STAR fellows nationwide.
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1.3 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I and II
The EPA is one of 10 federal agencies that participate in the SBIR Program established by the
Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982. A small business is defined as a for-profit
organization with no more than 500 employees. The purpose of the Act is to strengthen the role
of small businesses (science- and technology-based firms) in federally funded research and
development and to help develop a stronger national base for technical innovation. In addition,
the small business must be independently owned and operated, at least 51 percent owned by U.S.
citizens or lawfully admitted resident aliens, not dominant in the field of operation in which it is
proposing, and have its principal place of business in the United States. Joint ventures and
limited partnerships are eligible for SBIR awards, provided the entity created qualifies as a small
business. Under Phase I, the scientific merit and technical feasibility of the proposed concept is
investigated. Through this phased approach to SBIR funding, EPA can determine whether the
research idea, often on high-risk advanced concepts, is technically feasible, whether the business
can conduct high-quality research, and whether sufficient progress has been made to justify a
larger Phase II effort. Phase II contracts are limited to small businesses that have successfully
completed their Phase I contracts. The objective of Phase II is to commercialize the Phase I
technology. EPA also offers funding and 1 additional year as Phase II Options for businesses
with third-party financing for accelerating commercialization and for technologies accepted into
the EPA Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program.
1.4 Hazardous Substance Research Center (HSRC)
The HSRC is a national organization that carries out an active program of basic and applied
research, technology transfer, and training. Its activities are conducted regionally by five multi-
university centers, which focus on different aspects of hazardous substance management.
These centers bring together researchers from a variety of disciplines to collaborate on integrated
research projects, which involve practical problems of hazardous substance management as well
as long-term, exploratory research. The HSRC draws financial support from the EPA, the
Department of Energy, and the Department of Defense, with additional funding from academia,
industry, and other state and federal government agencies. The designation "Early Competed
Center" refers to the earliest-awarded HSRC grants.
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Section 2.0
Grant Indices
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Section 2.1
Grants by Congressional District
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Grants by Congressional Districts
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
AR-02
Victor F. (Vic)
Snyder[DJ
25 National Center for Toxicology
Research
25 University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
55 University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
178 University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
190 University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel Exhaust
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 1 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
AR-03
John Boozman [R]
22 University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
55 University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
129 Bioengineering Resources Inc.
177 University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential Physiological
Consequences
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 2 o/37
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Congr, Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
AR-04
Mike Ross [D] '
25 University of Arkansas for Medical Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
Sciences,National Center for
Monday, February 03, 2003 page 3
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Congr. Dlst. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
LA-02
William L. Jefferson
[DJ
3 Tulane University of Louisiana
8 Tulane University of Louisiana
79 Tulane University of Louisiana
115 Tulane University of Louisiana
158 University of New Orleans
159 University of New Orleans
159 University of New Orleans
160 University of New Orleans
161 University of New Orleans
162 University of New Orleans
163 University of New Orleans
164 University of New Orleans
165 University of New Orleans
166 University of New Orleans
167 University of New Orleans
168 University of New Orleans
Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations
Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
Habitat Requirements and Evolution of Agrostis Rossiae Vasey, a Grass Endemic
to Thermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New Orleans)
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact Process
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact Process
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
Urban Solid Waste Management Videos
UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries
into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model Development of
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Monday. February 03, 2003
Page 4 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
LA-02
169 University of New Orleans
181 University of New Orleans
183 Tulane University of Louisiana
192 University of New Orleans
192 University of New Orleans
Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat Lungs Caused by
Prolonged Ozone Inhalation
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to Butadiene and Its
Metabolites
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to Butadiene and Its
Metabolites
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 5 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
LA-03
W.J. (Billy) Tauzin '
[R]
94 Louisiana Universities Marine Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
Consortium
Monday, February 03, 2003 PaSe 6 °f37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
LA-05
Rodney Alexander
ID]
40 Northeast Louisiana University Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
Monday, February 03, 2003 pa^e j of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
LA-06
Richard Baker [R]
30 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
39 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
43 Louisiana State University - Bajton
Rouge
48 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
71 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
84 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
97 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
157 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
214 Louisiana State University
215 Louisiana State University
226 Louisiana State University
232 Louisiana State University
233 Louisiana State University
235 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
236 Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as Indicators of
Ecosystem Health
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash Mediated
Formation of PCDD/F
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted Gas
Streams
Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition Metal Catalyzed
Formation of PCDD/F from Combustion Generated Hydrocarbons
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of Contaminant
Release
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process
Optimization and Pathway Studies
Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant Contaminants
Phytoremediation in wetlands and CDFs
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page S of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
LA-07
Christopher John
ID]
95 University of Louisiana at Lafayette How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global warming?
96 University of Louisiana at Lafayette Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions of salinity
stress, genetic diversity and population characteristics of fish inhabiting coastal
97 University of Louisiana at Lafayette Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Monday, February 03, 2003 Pagg 9 Q^7
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
NM-01
Heather Wilson [R]
10 University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
53 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
58 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
60 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
75 University of New Mexico
78 University of New Mexico
88 Forest Products Research Center
99 Lovelace Clinic Foundation
108 University of New Mexico
116 Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
131 TPLInc.
136 Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
137 Adherent Technologies Inc.
147 Nimitz Inc.
153 TPL Inc.
155 Daniel B. Stephens and Associates Inc.
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled Alone and in
Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized Brown-Norway Rats
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed Sustainability
in Coastal Louisiana
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision Making in the
Upper Rio Grande Basin
Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for Formaldehyde Pollution
Avoidance and Prevention
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank Filtration
Natural hybridization
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic Refrigerators
Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators
Recycling Process for Poultry Litter
High Performance, Zero OOP Halon 1301 Replacement
Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens in Water
Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page JO of37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
NM-01
179
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
182 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
184 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
185 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
186 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
187 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
188 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
189 Lovelace Respiratory Research
, Institute
191 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
193 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
194 Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
D6es Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and Content in Rat
Lungs
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural Changes in the Rat
Nose
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon Black in Rat
Lungs
An Investigation of DMA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats Exposed To
Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing Benzo[a]pyrene
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 11 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
NM-02
Stevan E. Pearce [R]
2 New Mexico State University
23 New Mexico State University
57 New Mexico State University
81 New Mexico State University
106 New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology
114 New Mexico State University
141 Bio-Recovery Systems Inc.
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient Numerical
Simulations
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and Composition of
Atmospheric Aerosols
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Environmental transport modeling
Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy Metals
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 12 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
NM-03
Tom Udall[DJ
101 New Mexico Highlands University
124 Southwest Sciences Inc.
135 Southwest Sciences Inc.
139 Southwest Sciences Inc.
Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for Nitrogen
Oxides
Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
Portable Methane Flux Meter
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 13 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
OK-01
John Sullivan [R]
73 City of Tulsa, Oklahoma
73 University of Tulsa
73 Indian Nations Council of Government
73 Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality
140 S.R. Taylor and Associates
156 University of Tulsa
170 University of Tulsa
172 University of Tulsa
173 University of Tulsa
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted Porphyrins to
Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated Aliphatics
Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing
Petrochemicals
Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation of Brine-
Impacted Soil
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 14 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
OK-03
Frank Lucas [R]
28 Oklahoma State University - Main
Campus
35 Oklahoma State University
38 Oklahoma State University
40 Oklahoma State University
52 Oklahoma State University
110 Oklahoma State University
150 Fort Environmental Laboratories Inc.
172 Oklahoma State University
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of Arsenic in
Contaminated Media
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing Management
Alternatives for the Illinois River
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical Wastes
Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of heavy metal
bioavailability and toxicity in soil
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based Endocrine
Disruption Screening Assay
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing
Petrochemicals
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 15 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
OK-04
Tom Cole [R]
12 University of Oklahoma
27 University of Oklahoma
38 University of Oklahoma
47 University of Oklahoma
51 University of Oklahoma
61 University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center.University of
87 University of Oklahoma
90 University of Oklahoma
156 University of Oklahoma
171 University of Oklahoma
174 University of Oklahoma
175 University of Oklahoma
176 University of Oklahoma
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The Management of
Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation Under Alternative Market
Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing Management
Alternatives for the Illinois River
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel approach for
monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile Air Toxics
in Urban Environments
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport
of Pharmaceuticals
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted Porphyrins to
Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated Aliphatics
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 16 of 37
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Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution Abstract
OK-05
Ernest Istook [R] '
61 University of Oklahoma Health Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile Air Toxics
Sciences Center in Urban Environments
Monday, February 03, 2003 Pagg 17oj-37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
TX-03
Sam Johnson [R]
146 MicroFab Technologies Inc.
Monday, February 03, 2003
Abstract
PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
Page 18 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-04
Ralph M. Hall [D]
67 Austin College
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to Land Use
and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River System
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 19 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-07
John Culberson [R]
121 Energy Innovations Inc.
Multi- Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants from Industrial
Gas
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 20 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
TX-08
Kevin Brady [R]
5 Texas A & M University
16 University of Texas; Houston
Advanced Research Center -
Monday, February 03, 2003
Abstract
Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo
Basin
Page 21 of 37
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Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
TX-09
Nick Lampson [D]
45 University of Texas Medical Branch -
Galveston
195 Gulf Coast Hazardous Research Center
196 Lamar University
211 Lamar University
212 Lamar University
213 Lamar University
224 Lamar University
225 Lamar University
227 Lamar University
228 Lamar University
229 Lamar University
Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in Peripheral
Blood
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using
Artificial Neural Network Technology
The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced
Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To
Treat a Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by
Publishing on the World Wide Web
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 22 of 37
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Abstract
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo
Basin
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to Toxic Air
Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of Mexico:
Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-Enhanced
Aquifer Remediation
Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental estrogen, and
p,p'-DDE, an antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic croaker during critical
Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures of
Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular Activated Carbon
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple Levels of
Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior and Population
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian
Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor Processing
Page 23 of 37
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
TX-10
Lloyd Doggett [D]
1 University of Texas at Austin
6 University of Texas at Austin
9 University of Texas at Austin
11 University of Texas at Austin
16 University of Texas at Austin
24 University of Texas at Austin
32 University of Texas at Austin
33 University of Texas at Austin
46 University of Texas at Austin
49 University of Texas at Austin
50 University of Texas at Austin
64 University of Texas at Austin
68 University of Texas at Austin
70 University of Texas at Austin
72 University of Texas at Austin
85 University of Texas at Austin
Monday, February 03, 2003
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
TX-10
91 University of Texas at Austin
92 University of Texas at Austin
103 University of Texas at Austin
104 University of Texas at Austin
105 University of Texas at Austin
109 University of Texas at Austin
113 University of Texas at Austin
149 OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
152 OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
197 University of Texas
198 University of Texas
199 University of Texas
200 University of Texas
201 University of Texas
217 University of Texas
218 University of Texas
219 University of Texas
Monday, February 03, 2003
Abstract
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing Anthropogenic Effects
Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor for
Cometabolic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and Environmental
Xenobiotic Chemicals in Modulating Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DMA Aptamer Strip Assays To Detect
Cryptosporidium and Encephalitozoon
SELEX DNA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and Chloroaromatics
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams
Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
Biofiltration Technology Development
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating
Oils
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic
Steam Reforming
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and
Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Page 24 of 37
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Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
TX-15
Ruben Hinojosa [D]
70 University of Texas - Pan American Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian
Monday, February 03, 2003 Page 25 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-16
Silvestre Reyes [D]
18 El Paso Community College
26 University of Texas at El Paso
74 City of El Paso, Texas
74 University of Texas at El Paso
111 University of Texas at El Paso
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine Disrupters
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 26 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-18
Sheila Jackson Lee
[D]
21 Rice University
31 University of Houston
65 Rice University
89 Rice University
102 Rice University
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel Computations
of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-Domain
Spectroscopy
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes and
Consequences
Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate Change
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 27 of 37
-------
Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
TX-19
Larry Combest [R]
29 Texas Tech University
54 Texas Tech University
98 Texas Tech University
Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs - Real Time
Gas/Aerosol Analyzers
Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) Populations
to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Belize, Central America
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the Southern High
Plains
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 28 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
TX-24
Martin Frost [D] '
4 University of Texas at Arlington Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A Waste-to-Useful
Fuel Conversion
44 University of Texas at Arlington Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic ecosystems
Monday, February 03, 2003 p 2y Of37
-------
Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
TX-25
Chris Bell [D]
13 University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
14 Baylor College of Medicine
15 Baylor College of Medicine
42 University of Texas at Houston
59 University of Texas at Houston
76 University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
92 University of Texas at Houston? (UT -
Austin.Texas A & M University)
231 University of Texas at Houston
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Qroundwater Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam Veterans
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the
Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 30 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-26
Michael C. Burgess
m
63 City of Denton, Texas
82 University of North Texas
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air Pollutants
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 31 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution Abstract
TX-27 ~
Solomon P. Ortiz [D] '
70 University of Texas at Brownsville Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian
Monday, February 03, 2003 Page 32 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-31
JohnR. Carter [R]
7 Prairie View A & M University
16 Texas A & M University
18 Texas A&M Agricultural Research and
Extension Center
19 Texas A&M University
21 Texas A&M University
32 Texas A&M University
34 Texas A&M University
36 Texas A&M University
37 Texas A&M University
66 Texas A&M University
69 Texas A&M University
80 Texas A&M University
83 Texas A&M University
86 Texas A&M University
91 Texas A&M University
93 Texas A&M University
Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal Population An
Innovative Microbial Delivery System and Oil-Absorbing Natural Material
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo
Basin
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of Climate on
Crop Production and Regional Economics in the Southeastern U.S.
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel Computations
of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of Mexico:
Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using Stakeholder
Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital Economy: Towards
an Informational Ecology for the Greening of Electronic Commerce
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Fluoroacrylate
Copolymer Supported Catalysts
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and
Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based Estimates of Carbon-
Specific Growth Rates Under Varying Environmental Conditions
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 33 of 37
-------
Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
TX-31
100 Texas A & M University
107 Texas A & M University
112 Texas A & M University
117 Lynntech Inc.
118 Lynntech Inc.
119 Lynntech Inc.
122 Lynntech Inc.
123 Lynntech Inc.
125 Lynntech Inc.
126 Lynntech Inc.
127 Lynntech Inc.
130 Lynntech Inc.
132 Lynntech Inc.
133 Lynntech Inc.
134 Lynntech Inc.
138 Lynntech Inc.
142 Lynntech Inc.
Lirlking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing Dinoflagellate
Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters
Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance in Global
Marine Biogeochemistry
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for
Aluminum Alloys
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a Commodity
Chemical
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in
Water
Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and Long-Term
Monitoring of Pollutants
Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous Recovery of
Toxic Metals
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for
Aluminum Alloys
The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fired Power
Plants
Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for Disinfection
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 34 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-31
143 Lynntech Inc.
144 Lynntech Inc.
145 Lynntech Inc.
148 Lynntech Inc.
151 Lynntech Inc.
154 Lynntech Inc.
202 Texas A & M University
203 Texas A & M University
204 Texas A & M University
205 Texas A & M University
206 Texas A & M University
207 Texas A & M University
208 Texas A & M University
209 Texas A & M University
210 Texas A & M University
216 Texas A & M University
220 Texas A & M University
A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion Engine With On-
Demand Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a Plasmatron
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a Commodity
Chemical
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in
Water
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using Quaternary
Ammonium-Functionalized Dendrimers
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical
Fluids
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated
Soils
Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of
Hazardous Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial
and Environmental Remediation Sources
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 35 of 37
-------
Congr. Dist. Representative Ref. # Institution
Abstract
TX-31
221 Texas A & M University
222 Texas A & M University
223 Texas A & M University
230 Texas A & M University
233 Texas A & M University
234 Texas A & M University
237 Texas A & M University
Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and
Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant Contaminants
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and Reactivity
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 36 of 37
-------
Congr.Dist. Representative Ref.# Institution
Abstract
TX-32
Pete Sessions [RJ
128 BPF Inc.
Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production Using Carbon
Aerogel Technology
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 37 of 37
-------
Section 2.2
Grants by Institution
-------
Grants by Institution
Institution
Adherent Technologies Inc.
Austin College
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Bioconcervacion
Bioengineering Resources Inc.
Bio-Recovery Systems Inc.
BPF Inc.
City of Denton, Texas
City of El Paso, Texas
City of Tulsa, Oklahoma
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations
Council of Government.Oklahoma
Department of Environmental
Ref.#
137
67
14
15
16
129
141
128
63
74
73
73
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Recycling Process for Poultry Litter
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy
Metals
Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production
Using Carbon Aerogel Technology
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Investigator
Allred, Ronald E.
Bonzongo, Jean-Claude J.
Estes, Mary K.
Estes, Mary K.
Contreras, Salvador
Wikstrom, C. V.
Hosea, James Michael
Patton, Charles C.
Martin, Howard
Kooshian, Charles
Kitz, Hilary
Purser, Jane
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
TX-04
TX-25
TX-25
MEXICO
AR-03
NM-02
TX-32
TX-26
TX-16
OK -01
OK -01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 1 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant Abstract
Investigator Cone. Dist.
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations
Council of Government.Oklahoma
Department of Environmental
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations
Council of Government.Oklahoma
Department of Environmental
Daniel B. Stephens and
Associates Inc.
Duke University
El Paso Community College
Energy Innovations Inc.
Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
Forest Products Research Center
Fort Environmental Laboratories
Inc.
Gulf Coast Hazardous Research
Center
Harvard School of Public Health
Harvard School of Public Health
73
73
155
9
18
121
116
136
88
150
195
180
180
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Multi- Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants
from Industrial Gas
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic
Refrigerators
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic
Refrigerators
Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for Formaldehyde
Pollution Avoidance and Prevention
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based
Endocrine Disruption Screening Assay
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Potter, William
Kurlkin, Joanne
Miller, Gregory P.
Payne, John W.
Alvarez, Maria E.
Gourdine, Meredith C.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Meister, John J.
Fort, Douglas J.
Ho, T. C.
Hunt, William C.
Spengler, John D.
OK -01
OK -01
NM-01
TH CAROLINA
TX-16
TX-07
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
OK -03
TX-09
SACHUSETTS
SACHUSETTS
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 2 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cong. Dist.
Harvard School of Public Health 180
Harvard School of Public Health
180
Harvard School of Public Health 180
Harvard School of Public Health 180
Harvard School of Public Health 180
Harvard School of Public Health
180
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Harvard School of Public Health 180 Hazardou Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Harvard School of Public Health 180
Houston Advanced Research 16
Center.Texas A & M
University .University of Texas at
Hoyle Associates 120
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Recycling of Polypropylene Carpet Waste into Polyester Carpet
Backcoating
Skipper, Betty J. SACHUSETTS
Young, Stephen A. SACHUSETTS
Schwab, Margo SACHUSETTS
Samet, Jonathan M. SACHUSETTS
Gushing, Alice H. SACHUSETTS
Lambert, William E. SACHUSETTS
McLaren, Leroy C. SACHUSETTS
Lambert, William L. SACHUSETTS
Edwards, Robert TX - 08.TX -10
Hoyle, Albert G. SACHUSETTS
Indian Nations Council of
Government
73
STAR
Grant
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Pine, Gaylon
OK-01
Institute Municipal de Investigacion
y Planeacion
74
STAR
Grant
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Gonzalez-Ayala, Salvador MEXICO
Institute Tecnologico y de Estudios
Superiores de Monterrey
16
STAR
Grant
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Vogel, Enrique
MEXICO
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 3 of 46
-------
Institution
Iowa State University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Lamar University
Louisiana State University
Ref.#
20
196
196
211
212
213
224
225
227
227
228
229
214
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Ppllution in Southeast
Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast
Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced
Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated
Process To Treat a Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed
Incineration
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research
by Publishing on the World Wide Web
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II:
Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
Investigator
Debinski, Diane
Hopper, Jack R.
Riddle, Anita L.
Cocke, David L
Li, Ku-Yen
Wright, Stuart A.
Li, Ku-Yen
Ho, Thomas C.
Hopper, Jack R.
Yaws, Carl L.
Yaws, Carl L.
Jordan, Donald L.
Junk, Thomas
Cong. Dist.
IOWA
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
TX-09
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 4 of46
-------
Institution
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Ref.#
214
215
226
232
233
30
39
39
43
43
43
48
48
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II:
Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process vyithin a Rotary Kiln
Incinerator
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line
Optimization
Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as
Indicators of Ecosystem Health
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Investigator
Catallo, W. James
Garrison, Timothy J.
Pike, Ralph W.
Reible, Danny
Reible, Danny
Power, James H.
Lee, William R.
Wilson, Vincent L.
Murdoch, James C.
Thayer, Mark
Beron, Kurt
Khachatryan, Lavrent
Dellinger, Barry
^*^&Sfe&M»Sti!s«W*8-«*6!'?*tS^^ --«»
Cong. Dist.
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA-06
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 5 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.ti Grant
48 STAR
Grant
71 STAR
Grant
71 STAR
Grant
71 STAR
Grant
71 STAR
Grant
84 STAR
Grant
97 .STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
157 Early
Competed
Center
157 Early
Competed
Center
Abstract
Investigator Cone. Dist.
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted
Gas Streams
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted
Gas Streams
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted
Gas Streams
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted
Gas Streams
Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition Metal
Catalyzed Formation of PCDD/F from Combustion Generated
Hydrocarbons
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Alderman, Steven LA - 06
Khachatryan, Lavrent LA - 06
Alderman, Steven LA - 06
Lomnicki, Slawomir LA - 06
Dellinger, Barry LA - 06
Dellinger, Barry LA - 06
Koppelman, David LA - 06
Raman ujam, Jagannathan LA - 06
Singh, Vijay P. LA - 06
Suhayda,Joseph N. LA - 06
Aravamuthan, Vibhas LA - 06
Acholonu, A.D.W. LA - 06
Thibodeaux, Louis J. LA - 06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 6 of 46
-------
Institution
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana Universities Marine
Consortium
Lovelace Clinic Foundation
Lovelace Clinic Foundation
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Ref. # Grant
157 Ear|y
Competed
Center
235 Hazardou
s
Substanc
236 Hazardou
s
Substanc
236 Hazardou
s
Substanc
94 STAR
Grant
99 STAR
Grant
99 STAR
Grant
53 STAR
Grant
53 STAR
Grant
53 STAR
Grant
58 STAR
Grant
58 STAR
Grant
58 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Phvtoremediation in wetlands and CDFs i
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank
Filtration
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank
Filtration
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Investigator
Valsaraj, K.T.
Pardue, J.
Tomson, M.
Thibodeaux, Louis J.
Dagg, Michael
Kunde, Twila
Frost, Floyd
Menache, Margaret
Henderson, Rogene F.
Starr, James
Powell, Quint H.
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Benson, Janet M.
Cong. Dist.
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -06
LA -03
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 7 of 46
-------
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Ref.#
58
58
60
60
60
60
60
179
179
179
179
179
182
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Mazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Blac* Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
Investigator
Barrett, Edward G.
Bice, David E.
Barr, E. B.
Redman, T. K.
Bice, David E.
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Nikula, K. J.
Thomassen, David G.
Sun, James D.
Griffith, William C.
Harkema, Jack
Stephens, Nicole D.
Last, Jerold A.
«S^..— *,-:«.,W;--'-S*«l..^J • I.--. -i,,*-***^. . ^j:..lr.»- . .
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM - Or
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 20O3
Page 8 of 46
-------
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Ref.#
182
182
182
184
184
185
185
185
185
185
186
186
187
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Investigator
Gelzleichter, Thomas R.
Harkema, Jack
Hawk, Susan
Harkema, Jack
Mauderly, Joe L.
Gross, Elizabeth A.
Harkema, Jack
Morgan, Kevin T.
Griffith, William C.
Catalano, Paul
Howard, Paul C.
Beland, Frederick A.
Henderson, Rogene F.
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 9 of 46
-------
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Ref.#
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
187
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
.„, -.« i*J J., Jle^k'-vi ' •
Abstract
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Investigator
Thomassen, David G.
Snipes, M. Burton
Mitchell, Charles
Griffith, William C.
Gillett, Nancy A.
Nikula, K. J.
Chang, l-Yiin
Brooks, Antone L.
Bond, James A.
Belinsky, Steven A.
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Barr, Edward B.
Mauderly, Joe L.
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 10 of 46
-------
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Ref.#
188
188
188
188
188
189
189
189
189
191
191
193
194
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs q>f Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats
Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats
Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats
Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats
Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing
Benzo[a]pyrene
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Investigator
Mauderly, Joe L.
Williams, Paige L.
Putnam, Kim L.
Randerath, Kurt
Randerath, Erika
Nikula, K. J.
Swafford, Deborah S.
Mitchell, Charles
Belinsky, Steven A.
Frampton, Mark W.
Pryor, William A.
Gerde, Per
Benson, Janet M.
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 11 of 46
-------
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Ref.#
194
194
117
118
119
122
123
125
126
127
130
132
133
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
Abstract
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gaspline
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion
Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a
Commodity Chemical
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts in Water
Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain
Ultra-Low Emissions
Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain
Ultra-Low Emissions
Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and
Long-Term Monitoring of Pollutants
Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous
Recovery of Toxic Metals
I n vestigator
Hong, Jun-Yan
Dekant, Wolfgang
Minevski, Zoran
Denvir, Adrian J.
Hodko, Dalibor
Murphy, Oliver J.
Murphy, Oliver J.
Tennakoon, Charles
Andrews, Craig C.
Tennakoon, Charles
Bartos, Milan
Denvir, Adrian J.
Tennakoon, Charles
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 12 of46
-------
Institution
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Mesa State College
Michigan Technological University
MicroFab Technologies Inc.
Minnesota Department of Health
Ref.#
134
138
142
143
144
145
148
151
154
56
33
146
24
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase 1
SBIR
Phase 1
SBIR
Phase 1
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase 1
STAR
Grant
Abstract
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion
Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-
Fired Power Plants
Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for
Disinfection
A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion
Engine With On-Demand Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a
Plasmatron
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a
Commodity Chemical
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts in Water
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using
Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Dendrimers
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in Pristine
and Contaminated Mountain Streams
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-
Enhanced Aquifer Remediation
PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Investigator
Minevski, Zoran
Sylvester, Paul
Hitchens, G. Duncan
Andrews, Craig C.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Hodko, Dalibor
Denvir, Adrian J.
Krause, Wendy E.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Hrncir, Duane
Mayer, Alex A.
Hayes, Donald J.
Marbury, M.
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
COLORADO
MICHIGAN
TX-03
MINNESOTA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 13 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cone. Dist.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
National Center for Toxicology
Research
NERL and NHEERL, OW - OCPD,
Region 4 and 6( Gulf of Mexico
Progr
New Mexico Highlands University
New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology
New Mexico State University
New Mexico State University
New Mexico State University
New Mexico State University
New Mexico State University
24
19
19
19
25
62
101
106
2
2
23
57
81
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
STAR
Fellowshi
P
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
Environmental transport modeling
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient
Numerical Simulations
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and
Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Pratt, Greg
Thompson, Starley
Katz, Richard
Mearns, Linda
Kadlubar, Fred
Mueller, Erich
Presley, Richard
Neupauer, Roseanna M.
Shalaev, Vladimir M.
Goedecke, George
Liu, Qing-Huo
Eiceman, Gary A.
Wang, Joseph
MINNESOTA
COLORADO
COLORADO
COLORADO
AR-02
NM-03
NM-02
NM-02
NM-02
NM-02
NM-02
NM-02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 14 of 46
-------
Institution
New Mexico State University
Nimitz Inc.
Northeast Louisiana University
Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Ref.#
114
147
40
73
35
35
38
38
38
40
52
52
52
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
High Performance, Zero OOP Halon 1301 Replacement
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical
Wastes
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical
Wastes
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical
Wastes
Investigator
Sanchez, Cassia M.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Liu, Jing
Jeffries, Rhonda
Basta, Nicholas T.
Rodriguez, Robin R.
Willett, Keith D.
Focht, Will
Caneday, Lowell
Pope, Carey
Janz, David M.
Quails, Charles W.
Lochmiller, Robert L.
Cong. Dist.
NM-02
NM-01
LA -05
OK -01
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 15 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cong. Dist.
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University - Main
Campus
OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
Oregon State University
Pennsylvania State University -
Main Campus
Prairie View A & M University
Research Triangle Park: Triangle
Economic Research
Rice University
Rice University
Rice University
Rice University
110 STAR
Fellowshi
P
yj2 Hazardou
s
Substanc
28 STAR
Grant
149 SBIR
Phase I
152 SBIR
Phase I
19 STAR
Grant
19 STAR
Grant
7 STAR
Grant
9 STAR
Grant
21 STAR
Grant
21 STAR
Grant
65 STAR
Grant
65 STAR
Grant
Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of
heavy metal bioavailability and toxicity in soil
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavaila,bility Screening of Soils
Containing Petrochemicals
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DNA Aptamer Strip Assays To
Detect Cryptosporidium and Encephalitozoon
SELEX DNA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and
Chloroaromatics
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal
Population An Innovative Microbial Delivery System and Oil-Absorbing
Natural Material
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-
Domain Spectroscopy
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-
Domain Spectroscopy
Conder, Jason
Lanno, Roman
Komanduri, Ranga
Bruno, John G.
Bruno, John G.
Adams, Richard M.
Easterling, William
Cuero, Raul G.
Desvouges, William H.
Djidjev, Hristo
Vardi, Moshe
Baraniuk, Richard G.
Mittleman, Daniel M.
OK -03
OK -03
OK -03
TX-10
TX- 10
OREGON
:NNSYLVANIA
TX-31
TH CAROLINA
TX-18
TX-18
TX-18
TX-18
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 16 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant
Abstract
Rice University
Rice University
Rice University
Rice University
S.R. Taylor and Associates
South Dakota State University
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Stanford University
Technology Assessment &
Transfer Inc
Technology Assessment &
Transfer Inc
Texas A & M University
89
89
89
102
140
77
m
135
139
156
28
28
5
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
Early
Competed
Center
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes
and Consequences
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered poastal Prairie: Causes
and Consequences
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes
and Consequences
Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate
Change
Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for
Nitrogen Oxides
Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
Portable Methane Flux Meter
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
Grace, James
Rogers, William
Siemann, Evan
Lahsen, Myanna
Taylor, Scott R.
Epperson, William P.
Stanton, Alan C.
Hovde, David Christian
Hovde, David Christian
Reinhard, Martin
Kustas, Frank
Fehrenbacher, L.
Busbee, David L.
TX-18
TX-18
TX-18
TX-18
OK -01
>UTH DAKOTA
NM-03
NM-03
NM-03
CALIFORNIA
MARYLAND
MARYLAND
TX-08
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 17 of 46
-------
Institution
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Ref.#
16
19
21
21
34
34
34
34
34
36
36
36
37
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Investigator
Hazelton, Jared
McCarl, Bruce
Ewing, Richard E.
Lazarov, Raytcho D.
McDonald, T. J.
Reeves, William
Autenrieth, R. L.
Safe, S. H.
Donnelly, Kirby C.
Munster, Clyde
Corapcioglu, Yavuz
Drew, Malcolm
Kennicutt, Mahlon C.
Cong . Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 18 o/46
-------
Institution
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Monday, February 03, 2003
Ref.#
66
66
66
66
66
66
69
80
80
83
83
83
86
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital
Economy: Towards an Informational Ecology for the Greening of
Electronic Commerce
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with
Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Supported Catalysts
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with
Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Supported Catalysts
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
Investigator
Samuelson, Charles D.
Peterson, Tarta Rai
Neill, William H.
Kenimer, Ann L.
Matlock, Marty D.
Whitten, Guy D.
Sui, Daniel Z.
Akgerman, Aydin
Fackler, Jr., John P.
Walther, Thomas
Caton, Jerry
Lucht, Robert P.
Taylor, Henry F.
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Page 19 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cons. Dist.
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
91
93
93
100
100
107
112
202
203
203
204
204
205
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
STAR
Fellowshi
P
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyrqxanthin-based
Estimates of Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying
Environmental Conditions
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyraxanthin-based
Estimates of Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying
Environmental Conditions
Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing
Dinoflagellate
Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing
Dinoflagellate
Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters
Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance in
Global Marine Biogeochemistry
Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing
Industry
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in
Supercritical Fluids
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in
Supercritical Fluids i
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB
Contaminated Soils
Pillai, Surresh
Pinckney, James L.
Richardson, Tammi L.
Gold, John R.
Campbell, Lisa
Fox, Garey A.
Mace, Kimberty A.
Heller, Miriam
Valdes, Juan B.
Batchelor, Bill
Erkey, Can
Akgerman, Aydin
Donnelly, Kirby C.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 20O3
Page 2O of 46
-------
Institution
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Ref.#
205
206
207
207
208
209
210
216
216
220
220
221
222
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB
Contaminated Soils
Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low
Generation of Hazardous Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed
Alcohol Fuels
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions
from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions
from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent
Remediation
Investigator
Dale, Bruce E.
Akgerman, Aydin
Wilding, Larry P.
Batchelor, Bill
Seyed-Yagoobi, J.
Holtzapple, Mark
Akgerman, Aydin
Clearfield, Abraham
Bortun, A. I.
Prengle, H. W.
Symons, James M.
Clifford, Dennis
Mohanty, Kishore K.
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 21 of 46
-------
Institution
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
.- s^iii - -
Ref.#
222
223
223
223
230
230
233
233
234
234
234
234
237
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent
Remediation
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate
and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the
Analytical Models
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate
and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the
Analytical Models
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate
and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the
Analytical Models
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Investigator (
Rajagopalan, Raj
Williams, Anthony N.
Cleveland, Theodore G.
Rixey, William G.
Dobbs, Richard
Howard, Cynthia L.
Pardue, J.
Fleeger, J. W.
Wiesner, M.
Edge, Billy
Hughes, Joe
Valsaraj, K. T.
Ford, Denise Rousseau
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 22 of 46
-------
Institution
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M Agricultural Research
and Extension Center
Texas A&M University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Ref.#
237
237
18
32
29
54
98
98
98
98
98
98
98
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of
Mexico: Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs -
Real Time Gas/Aerosol Analyzers
Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii)
Populations to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Belize, Central
America
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Investigator Ct
Fitzpatrick, Leigh
Schmitter, Bob
Filial, Surresh
Kennicutt, Mahlon C.
Dasgupta, Pumendu K.
McMurry, Scott T.
Dayawansa, W. P.
Dixon, K. R.
McMurry, Scott T.
Martin, C. F.
Smith, L. M.
Willis, D. B.
Theodorakis, C. W.
yng. Dist.
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-19
TX-19
TX-19
TX-19
TX-19
TX-19
TX-19
TX- 19
TX- 19
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 23 of 46
-------
Institution
TPL Inc.
TPL Inc.
Tufts University
Tufts University
Tulane University of Louisiana
Tulane University of Louisiana
Tulane University of Louisiana
Tulane University of Louisiana
Tulane University of Louisiana
Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo
Leon
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
Ref.#
131
153
92
92
3
8
79
115
183
16
67
67
67
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
V
Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens (n Water
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations
Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
Habitat Requirements and Evolution of Agrostis Rossiae Vasey, a
Grass Endemic to Thermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park
Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat Lungs
Caused by Prolonged Ozone Inhalation
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Kroh, Franklin O.
Tiernan, Timothy C.
Tzipori, Saul
Widmer, Giovanni
Li, Chao-Jun
Blake, Diane A.
Li, Chao-Jun
Tercek, Michael T.
ladhakrishnamurthy, Bhandar
de Jesus Navar, Jose
Chaubey, Indrajeet
Bryan, C. Hobson
Lyons, W. Berry
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
SACHUSETTS
SACHUSETTS
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
MEXICO
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 24 of 46
-------
Institution Ref- #
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa 67
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa 67
University of Arkansas at 22
Fayetteville
University of Arkansas at 1 77
Fayetteville
University of Arkansas at 1 77
Fayetteville
University of Arkansas at 177
Fayetteville
University of Arkansas for Medical 25
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 25
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 25
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 25
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 55
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 1 78
Sciences
University of Arkansas for Medical 190
Sciences
., . • fft»t;'. i«MvS*JB.'.;; •-, - --• -K • : •»
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure,to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential
Physiological Consequences
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel
Exhaust
Investigator
Roden, Eric E.
Ward, G. Milton
Barnes, David M.
Thoma, Greg
Wolf, Duane
Beyrouty, Craig
Stotts, Craig
Ambrosone, Christine
Frame, Lynn
Lang, Nicholas P.
Gilbert, Kathleen M.
Beland, Frederick A.
Beland, Frederick A.
Cong. Dist.
ALABAMA
ALABAMA
AR-03
AR-03
AR-03
AR-03
AR-02
AR-02
AR-02
AR-02
vR - 02.AR - 03
AR-02
AR-02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 25 of46
-------
Institution
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, National Center for
Toxicology Research
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
University of California - Davis
University of California - Davis
University of California - Davis
University of California - Davis
University of California - Davis
University of California - Davis
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
Ref. # Grant
25 STAR
Grant
55 STAR
Grant
26 STAR
Grant
26 STAR
Grant
62 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
MacLeod, Stewart
Pumford, Neil R.
Teh, Swee J.
Hinton, David E.
Anderson, Susan L.
Atwill, Edward R.
Sischo, William M.
Hoar, Bruce
Carpenter, L. V.
Elmi, C.
McCluskey, B. J.
Brewster, D.
Riggs, W.
Cong. Dist.
R - 02, AR - 04
\R - 02.AR - 03
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 26 of46
-------
Institution
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
University of California - Davis:
Bodega Marine Laboratory
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Riverside
University of California - Riverside
University of Colorado at Boulder
University of Dayton
University of Delaware
Ref.#
77
62
14
14
14
15
15
15
81
81
56
82
57
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater
Disinfection
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in Pristine
and Contaminated Mountain Streams
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air
Pollutants
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and
Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols
Investigator
Smith, B.
Cherr, Gary N.
Olson, Terese M.
Grant, Stanley B.
Ogunseiten, Oladele
Grant, Stanley B.
Olson, Terese M.
Ogunseiten, Oladele
Mulchandani, Ashok
Chen, Wilfred
McKnight, Diane M.
Taylor, Philip H.
Johnston, Murray V.
Cong. Dist.
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
OHIO
DELAWARE
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 27 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Houston
University of Houston
University of Kansas Main Campus
University of Kansas Main Campus
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
Ref,#
31
31
20
20
95
95
96
96
97
17
17
24
24
*..-.,.,*.*-. i-WJ- '•
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNA^
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global
warming?
How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global
warming?
Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions
of salinity stress, genetic diversity and population characteristics of fish
inhabiting coastal marshes
Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions
of salinity stress, genetic diversity and population characteristics of fish
inhabiting coastal marshes
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in
Cold Regions by Climate Change
Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in
Cold Regions by Climate Change
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Investigator
Willson, Richard C.
Fox, George E.
Jakubauskas, Mark
Kindscher, Kelly
Klerks, Paul
Leberg, Paul. L
Leberg, Paul. L.
Klerks, Paul
Twilley, Robert
Fang, Xing
Stefan, Heinz G.
Ramachandran, Gurumurthy
Sexton, Ken
Cong. Dist.
TX-18
TX-18
KANSAS
KANSAS
LA -07
LA -07
LA -07
LA -07
LA -07
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 28 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
University of Missouri - Columbia
University of Missouri - Kansas City
University of Nebraska at Lincoln
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
Ref.#
24
41
41
41
41
41
41
35
97
77
75
75
75
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A • Exposure
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum
in Feedlot in the Western United States
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Investigator
Waller, Lance
Ramachandran, Gurumurthy
Sexton, K.
Adgate, John L.
Church, Timothy
Greaves, Ian
Tweedie, Richard L.
Casteel, Stan W.
Thiagarajan, Ganesh
Grotelueschen, Dale M.
Justic, Dubravko
Kemp, Paul
Reyes, Enrique
Cong. Dist.
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
MISSOURI
MISSOURI
NEBRASKA
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 29 of 46
-------
Institution
Abstract
Investigator Cong. Dist.
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
75
75
75
75
75
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
78
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Templet, Paul
Twilley, Robert
Fry, Brian
Cable, Jaye
Day, John
Cullen, Brad T.
Snell, Seth
Scuderi, Louis A.
Chermak, Janie
Gregory, Kirk
Krause, Kate
Campana, Michael E.
Brookshire, David S.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 3O of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant Abstract
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
78
108
10
10
10
10
10
10
158
158
158
158
158
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Natural hybridization i
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Matthews, Olen Paul
Rosenfield, Jonathan Alan
Brookshire, David S.
McKee, Michael
Kaplan, Hillard
Jenkins, Hank
Ganderton, Philip
Berrens, Robert
McCorquodale, J. A.
LaMotta, Enrique
Sutherlin, John
Barbe, Donald
Cothren, Gianna M.
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 31 of 46
-------
Institution
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Ref.#
158
158
158
159
159
160
160
160
160
161
161
161
162
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center, (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact
Process
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact
Process
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
Investigator Cong. Dist.
Tittlebaum, Marty
Kura, Bhaskar
McManis, Kenneth
La Motta, Enrique J.
Josse, Juan
Debnath, D.
McManis, Kenneth
Nataraj, Mysore
Boutwell, G.
Nataraj, Mysore
Boutwell, G.
McManis, Kenneth
Kura, Bhaskar
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
LA
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
-02
Monday* February 03, 2003
Page 32 of 46
-------
Institution
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Ref.#
163
164
165
166
166
166
167
168
168
168
169
181
181
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
Urban Solid Waste Management Videos ,
UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model
Development of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Investigator
Tittlebaum, Marty
Sutherlin, John
Cothren, Gianna M.
Pitt, Robert E.
Lalor, Melinda Marsh
Barbe, Donald
Cothren, Gianna M.
Cothren, Gianna M.
Nyman, J. A.
Hannoura, A. P.
McCorquodale, J. A.
Paek, Domyung
Mermier, Christine M.
Cong. Dist.
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 33 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of North Texas
University of North Texas
University of North Texas
181 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 81 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 81 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 81 Hazardou
s
Substanc
181 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 92 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 92 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 92 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 92 Hazardou
s
Substanc
1 92 Hazardou
s
Substanc
63 STAR
Grant
63 STAR
Grant
63 STAR
Grant
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Rats and Mice Exposed to
Rats and Mice Exposed to
Rats and Mice Exposed to
Rats and Mice Exposed to
Rats and Mice Exposed to
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Lambert, William E. LA - 02
James, David S. LA - 02
Chick, Thomas W. LA - 02
McCool, F. Dennis LA - 02
Samet, Jonathan M. LA - 02
Henderson, Rogene F. LA - 02
Blair, Ian A. LA - 02
Recio, Leslie LA - 02
Swenberg, James A. LA - 02
Walker, Vernon LA - 02
Kennedy, James H. TX - 26
Atkinson, Samuel F. TX - 26
Acevedo, Miguel F. TX - 26
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 34 of 46
-------
Institution
University of North Texas
University of North Texas
University of North Texas
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
Ref.#
63
63
82
12
12
12
38
38
38
38
38
47
47
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Investigator
Dickson, Kenneth L.
Waller, William T.
Marshall, Paul
Ellington, Rex
Meo, Mark
Sharfman, Mark
Vieux, Baxter
Meo, Mark
Lynch, R. A.
Sankowski, Edward T.
Sipes, James
Knox, Robert
Sabatini, David A.
Cong. Dist.
TX-26
TX-26
TX-26
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 35 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
Ref.#
47
47
47
51
51
51
51
51
87
87
90
90
156
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Early
Abstract
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and
Transport of Pharmaceuticals
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and
Transport of Pharmaceuticals
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Investigator Cong. Dist.
Strevett, Keith A.
Everett, J.
Tanner, R.
Philp, R. Paul
Small wood, B.
Kuder, T.
Kuder, Tomasz
Smallwood, Barbara
Savelski, Mariano
Bagajewicz, Miguel J.
Sabatini, David A.
Kibbey, Tohren C. G.
Mclnerney, Michael
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
Center Aliphatics
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 36 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Cs*'ir\r\f\f\t* f**ar\tar
Ref.#
156
156
171
171
171
174
175
175
176
176
61
61
61
Grant
Early
Competed
Center
Early
Competed
Center
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
(NORM)
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
(NORM)
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Investigator
Tanner, Ralph
Suflita, Joseph
Sanders, Dee Ann
Veenstra, John N.
Snethen, Donald R.
Suflita, Joseph
Fletcher, John S.
Nagle, David P.
Krumholz, Lee R.
Hasegawa, Mark
Lynch, Robert A.
Clinkenbeard, R.
Marcham, Cheri
Cong. Dist.
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -04
OK -05
OK -05
OK -05
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 37 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma Norman
Campus
University of South Carolina at
Columbia
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
Ref.#
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
27
19
197
197
198
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile
Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of
Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air
Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air
Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial
Sewers
Investigator
Agron, Gina
Phillips, Margaret L.
Johnson, David. L.
Esmen, Nurtan. A.
Hall, Thomas. A.
Gibson, Aaron
Wang, D.
Moss, S. K.
Bagajewicz, Miguel J.
Carbone, Greg
Georgiou, George
Speitel, Gerald E.
Corsi, Richard L.
Cong . Dist.
OK -05
OK -05
OK -05
OK -05
OK -05
)K - 04.OK - 06
>K - 04.OK - 06
)K - 04.OK - 06
OK -04
TH CAROLINA
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 38 of 46
-------
Institution
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas
University of Texas - Pan American
University of Texas - Pan American
University of Texas - Pan American
Ref. #
199
200
200
201
201
217
218
219
219
219
70
70
70
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Biofiltration Technology Development
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated
with DNAPLs
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated
with DNAPLs
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated
Vertical Drains
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated
Vertical Drains
Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metate from Incinerated
Lubricating Oils
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using
Catalytic Steam Reforming
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
{Aerobic/ Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated
with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
{Aerobic/ Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated
with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
{Aerobic/ Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated
with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Investigator
Loehr, Raymond C.
Gilbert, Robert B.
McKinney, Daene C.
Bowders, John J.
Daniel, David E.
Hall, Matthew J.
Richardson, James T.
Vipulanandan, C.
Clifford, Dennis
Roberts, D. J.
Lonard, Robert
Rieken, Eric
Judd, Frank
Cong. Dist.
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX- 10
TX-10
TX-10
TX- 10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-15
TX-15
TX-15
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 39 of 46
-------
institution
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
n,Kj. ff urani
4 STAR
Grant
44 STAR
Grant
44 STAR
Grant
! STAR
Grant
1 STAR
Grant
-I STAR
Grant
6 STAR
Grant
9 STAR
Grant
1 i STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
Aosiraci
Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A Waste-
to-Useful Fuel Conversion
Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic
ecosystems
Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic
ecosystems
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Investigator
Timmons, Richard B.
Graver, James P.
Chrzanowski, Thomas H.
Sharma, Mukul M.
Majors, Paul D.
Georgiou, George
Corsi, Richard L.
Schkade, David A.
Fullerton, Don
Ward, George
Barajas, Ismael Aguilar
Armstrong, Neal
Chapa, Liliana
Cong. Dist.
TX-24
TX-24
TX-24
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 40 of46
-------
Institution
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
Ref.#
24
32
33
46
49
50
64
64
en
64
68
68
68
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of
Mexico: Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-
Enhanced Aquifer Remediation
Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental
estrogen, and p,p'-DDE, an antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic
croaker during critical periods of their reproductive life history cycles
Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures
of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular
Activated Carbon Columns
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Investigator
Stock, Tom
Montagna, Paul A.
Pope, Gary A.
Thomas, Peter
Kinney, Kerry A.
Speitel, Gerald E.
Noble, Beth
Johnson, Anna
Bryant, Steven
Gladkikh, Mikhail
Rose, K. A.
Fuiman, L. A.
Thomas, Peter
Cong. Di
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
St.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 41 o/46
-------
Institution
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
Ref.#
70
70
70
70
70
70
72
85
85
91
91
92
103
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowshi
P
Abstract
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of Vie Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor
Processing
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor
Processing
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
In vestigator
Tremblay, Thomas
Neuenschwander, Amy
White, William A.
Crawford, Melba
Raney, Jay
Sullivan, Jeri
Corsi, Richard L.
Murphy, Cynthia F.
Allen, David T.
Langford, Richard P.
Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Williamson, Derek
Cong. Dist.
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX- 10
TX-10
TX-10
TX- 10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 42 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cong. Dist.
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Brownsville
University of Texas at Brownsville
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Texas at El Paso
104 STAR
Fellowshi
P
105 STAR
Fellowshi
P
109 STAR
Fellowshi
P
113 STAR
Fellowshi
P
70 STAR
Grant
70 STAR
Grant
26 STAR
Grant
74 STAR
Grant
Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing Anthropogenic
Effects
Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane
Bioreactor for Cometabolic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and
Environmental Xenobiotic Chemicals in Modulating Ovarian
Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian
Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic
Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid Environments
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Boughton, David A.
Pressman, Jonathan G.
Yen, Norman K.
Benninghoff, Abby Diane
Paul), Gene
Gonzales-Ramos, Javier
Washburn, Barbara S.
Gray, Robert
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
TX-
10
10
10
10
27
27
16
16
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Texas at Houston
11 •) STAR An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
Fellowshi
P
42 STAR Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Grant Veterans
Pearson, Roderick R.
del Junco, Deborah
TX-16
TX-25
University of Texas at Houston
42 STAR Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Grant Veterans
Wun, Chuan-Chuan
TX-25
University of Texas at Houston
42 STAR Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Grant Veterans
Wu, Xifeng
TX-25
University of Texas at Houston
42 STAR Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Grant Veterans
Symanski, Elaine
TX-25
Monday, February 03, 2003
..,.,. .
Page 43 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref. # Grant Abstract
Investigator Cone. Dist.
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston?
(UT - Austin.Texas A & M
University)
University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science
/"*An+nr Us\l ic?ts\n
42
42
42
59
59
59
231
231
231
92
13
13
13
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Hazardou
s
Substanc
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Qenes in Vietnam
Veterans
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in
the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries'. A Cross-Border
Approach
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in
the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border
Approach
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in
the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border
Approach
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Denison, Michael
Cooper, Sharon
Sweeney, Anne
Morandi, Maria T.
Holian, Andrij
Parsley, Edwin
Beloff, Beth
Heller, Miriam
Shields, David
DuPont, Herbert L.
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Sterling, Charles R.
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
TX
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
-25
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 44 of 46
-------
Institution Ref- #
University of Texas Health Science 13
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science 76
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science 76
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science 76
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science 76
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science 92
Center-Houston?
University of Texas Medical 45
Branch - Galveston
University of Texas Medical School 92
at Houston
University of Texas: Houston 1 6
Advanced Research Center -
Woodlands
University of Texas: Houston 16
Advanced Research Center -
Woodlands
University of Texas: Houston 1 6
Advanced Research Center-
Woodlands
University of Tulsa 156
University of Tulsa 170
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Early
Competed
Center
Hazardou
s
Substanc
Abstract
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in
Peripheral Blood
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Investigator
DuPont, Herbert L.
Tzipori, Saul
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Widmer, Giovanni
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Ahmed, Ahmed Elsayed
Janecki, Andrzej
Sisbarro, Daniel J.
Mathis, Mitchell
Schmandt, Jurgen
Sublette, Kerry
Sublette, Kerry
Cong. Dist.
TX-25
TX-25
TX-25
TX-25
TX-25
TX-09
TX-25
TX-08
TX-08
TX-08
OK -01
OK -01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 45 of 46
-------
Institution
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Investigator Cone. Dist.
University of Tulsa
University of Tulsa
University of Tulsa
University of Virginia
US EPA NERL: Athens, GA
172 Hazardou Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils
s Containing Petrochemicals
Substanc
173 Hazardou Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation
s of Brine-Impacted Soil
Substanc
173 Hazardou Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation
s of Brine-Impacted Soil
Substanc
37 STAR Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Grant
Q2 STAR CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Grant Florida Keys
US EPA NHEERL- Gulf Breeze FL 62 STAR CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Grant Florida Keys
US EPA NHEERL- Gulf Breeze FL 62 STAR CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Grant Florida Keys
Duncan, Kathleen
Harris, Thomas M.
Veenstra, John N.
Macko, Stephen A.
Zepp, Richard
Hansen, Lara
Santavy, Debbie
OK-01
OK-01
OK-01
VIRGINIA
GEORGIA
FLORIDA
FLORIDA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 46 of 46
-------
Section 2.3
Grants by Investigator
-------
Grants by Investigator
Investigator
Acevedo, Miguel F.
Acholonu, A.D.W. ,
Adams, Richard M.
Adgate, John L.
Agron, Gina
Ahmed, Ahmed Elsayed
Akgerman, Aydin
Akgerman, Aydin
Akgerman, Aydin
Akgerman, Aydin
Alderman, Steven
Alderman, Steven
Ref.#
63
157
19
41
61
45
80
204
206
210
48
71
Grant
STAR
Grant
Early
Competed
Center
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract ,
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in
Peripheral Blood
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with
Fiuoroacrylate Copolymer Supported Catalysts
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in
Supercritical Fluids
Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in
Polluted Gas Streams
Institution
University of North Texas
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Oregon State University
University of Minnesota
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Texas Medical
Branch - Galveston
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Cong. Dist.
TX-26
LA -06
OREGON
MINNESOTA
OK -05
TX-09
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
LA -06
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
«-- if,1. -•-«!!•?.
Page 1 of 46
-------
Investigator
Allen, David T.
Allred, Ronald E.
Alvarez, Maria E.
Ambrosone, Christine
Anderson, Susan L.
Andrews, Craig C.
Andrews, Craig C.
Aravamuthan, Vibhas
Armstrong, Neal
Atkinson, Samuel F.
Atwill, Edward R.
Autenrieth, R. L.
Bagajewicz, Miguel J.
Ref.#
85
137
18
25
62
126
143
97
16
63
77
34
27
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor
Processing
Recycling Process for Poultry Litter t
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion
Engine With On-Demand Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a
Plasmatron
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
Institution
University of Texas at Austin
Adherent Technologies Inc.
El Paso Community College
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
University of California - Davis
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Texas at Austin
University of North Texas
University of California - Davis
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma Norman
Campus
Cong. Dist.
TX- 10
NM-01
TX-16
AR-02
CALIFORNIA
TX-31
TX-31
LA -06
TX-10
TX-26
CALIFORNIA
TX-31
OK -04
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 2 of 46
-------
Investieator
•M^B^MH^M^MH^MMMMM^M
Bagajewicz, Miguel J.
Barajas, Ismael Aguilar
Baraniuk, Richard G.
Barbe, Donald
Barbe, Donald
Barnes, David M.
Barr, E. B.
Barr, Edward B.
Barrett, Edward G.
Bartos, Milan
Basta, Nicholas T.
Batchelor, Bill
Batchelor, Bill
Ref. # Grant
87 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
65 STAR
Grant
1 58 Hazardous
Substance
166 Hazardous
Substance
22 STAR
Grant
60 STAR
Grant
1 87 Hazardous
Substance
58 STAR
Grant
130 SBIR
Phase I
35 STAR
Grant
203 Hazardous
Substance
207 Hazardous
Substance
-., - s. '-C;
Abstract
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••«••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz
Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential
Physiological Consequences
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized
Wastes
Institution
^M^^^MHHHMMMMMMMM^^^^^^^
University of Oklahoma
University of Texas at Austin
Rice University
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lynntech Inc.
Oklahoma State University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Cong. Dist.
OK -04
TX-10
TX- 18
LA -02
LA -02
AR-03
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
TX-31
OK -03
TX-31
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 3 of 46
-------
Investigator
Beland, Frederick A.
Beland, Frederick A.
Beland, Frederick A.
Belinsky, Steven A.
Belinsky, Steven A.
Beloff, Beth
Benninghoff, Abby Diane
Benson, Janet M.
Benson, Janet M.
Beron, Kurt
Berrens, Robert
Beyrouty, Craig
Bice, David E.
Ref.#
178
186
190
187
189
231
113
58
194
43
10
177
58
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Fellowship
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Abstract
How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust '
DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel
Exhaust
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From
Rats Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention
in the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border
Approach
The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and
Environmental Xenobiotic Chemicals in Modulating Ovarian
Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Institution
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Austin
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Cong. Dist.
AR-02
NM-01
AR-02
NM-01
NM-01
TX-25
TX-10
NM-01
NM-01
LA -06
NM-01
AR-03
NM-01
Brown-Norway Rats
Monday, February 03, 2OO3
Page 4 of 46
-------
Investigator
Bice, David E.
Blair, Ian A.
Blake, Diane A.
Bond, James A.
Bonzongo, Jean-Claude J.
Bortun, A. 1.
Boughton, David A.
Boutwell, G.
Boutwell, G.
Bowders, John J.
Brewster, D.
Brooks, Antone L.
Brookshire, David S.
Ref.#
60
192
8
187
67
216
104
160
161
201
77
187
10
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Fellowship
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Expdsed to
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing
Anthropogenic Effects
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated
Vertical Drains
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of New Orleans
Tulane University of Louisiana
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Austin College
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Austin
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of Texas
University of California -
Davis.South Dakota State
University, University of Nebraska
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
LA -02
LA -02
NM-01
TX-04
TX-31
TX- 10
LA -02
LA -02
TX-10
NM-01
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page S of 46
-------
Investigator
Abstract
Institution
Brookshire, David S.
Bruno, John G.
Bruno, John G.
Bryan, C. Hobson
Bryant, Steven
Busbee, David L.
Cable, Jaye
Campana, Michael E.
Campbell, Lisa
Caneday, Lowell
Carbone, Greg
Carpenter, L. V.
Casteel, Stan W.
78 STAR
Grant
149 SBIR
Phase I
152 SBIR
Phase I
67 STAR
Grant
64 STAR
Grant
5 STAR
Grant
75 STAR
Grant
78 STAR
Grant
100 STAR
Grant
38 STAR
Grant
19 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
35 STAR
Grant
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DMA Aptamer Strip Assays To
Detect Cryptosporidium and Encephalitozoon
SELEX DMA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and
Chloroaromatics
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Theoretical Evaluation of the Intel-facial Area between Two Fluids in
Soil
Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing
Dinoflagellate
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
University of New Mexico
OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
University of Texas at Austin
Texas A & M University
University of New Mexico
University of New Mexico
Texas A & M University
Oklahoma State University
University of South Carolina at
Columbia
University of California -
Davis, South Dakota State
University, University of Nebraska
University of Missouri - Columbia
NM-01
TX-10
TX-10
ALABAMA
TX- 10
TX-08
NM-01
NM-01
TX-31
OK -03
SOUTH CAROLI
MISSOURI
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 6 of 46
-------
Investigator
Catalano, Paul
Catallo, W. James
Caton, Jerry
Chang, l-Yiin
Chapa, Lilians
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Chappell, Cynthia L.
Chaubey, Indrajeet
Chen, Wilfred
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Cheng, Yung-Sung
Ref. # Grant
185 Hazardous
Substance
214 Hazardous
Substance
83 STAR
Grant
1 87 Hazardous
Substance
16 STAR
Grant
13 STAR
Grant
76 STAR
Grant
92 STAR
Grant
67 STAR
Grant
81 STAR
Grant
58 STAR
Grant
60 STAR
Grant
187 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II:
Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Institution Cong. Dist.
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Louisiana State University LA - 06
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
University of Texas at Austin TX - 10
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston?
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa ALABAMA
University of California - Riverside CALIFORNIA
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 7 of 46
-------
Investigator
Chermak, Janie
Cherr, Gary N.
Chick, Thomas W.
Chrzanowski, Thomas H.
Church, Timothy
Clearfield, Abraham
Cleveland, Theodore G.
Clifford, Dennis
Clifford, Dennis
Clinkenbeard, R.
Cocke, David L
Conder, Jason
Contreras, Salvador
Ref.# Grant
78 STAR
Grant
62 STAR
Grant
181 Hazardous
Substance
44 STAR
Grant
41 STAR
Grant
216 Hazardous
Substance
223 Hazardous
Substance
219 Hazardous
Substance
221 Hazardous
Substance
61 STAR
Grant
211 Hazardous
Substance
110 STAR
Fellowship
16 STAR
Grant
Abstract
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stredsors in the
Florida Keys
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for
aquatic ecosystems
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface
Fate and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions
for the Analytical Models
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
{Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils
Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced
Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste
Management
Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of
heavy metal bioavailability and toxicity in soil
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Institution
University of New Mexico
University of California - Davis:
Bodega Marine Laboratory
University of New Orleans
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Minnesota
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
University of Texas
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
Lamar University
Oklahoma State University
Bioconcervacion
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
CALIFORNIA
LA -02
TX-24
MINNESOTA
TX-31
TX-31
TX-10
TX-31
OK -05
TX-09
OK -03
MEXICO
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 8 of 46
-------
Investigator
Cooper, Sharon
Corapcioglu, Yavuz
Corsi, Richard L.
Corsi, Richard L.
Corsi, Richard L.
Cothren, Gianna M.
Cothren, Gianna M.
Cothren, Gianna M.
Cothren, Gianna M.
Crawford, Melba
Cuero, Raul G.
Cullen, Brad T.
Gushing, Alice H.
Ref.# Grant
42 STAR
Grant
36 STAR
Grant
6 STAR
Grant
72 STAR
Grant
198 Hazardous
Substance
158 Hazardous
Substance
165 Hazardous
Substance
1 67 Hazardous
Substance
1 68 Hazardous
Substance
70 STAR
Grant
7 STAR
Grant
78 STAR
Grant
1 80 Hazardous
Substance
.-,-i .,->-• o%,W '**.-"' •»••«:» "'•• ...-"K i-.,«£~~ ,js». .'i.,,*
Abstract
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site
Industrial Sewers
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model
Development of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal
Population An Innovative Microbial Delivery System and Oil-
Absorbing Natural Material
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Institution
University erf Texas at Houston
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of Texas at Austin
Prairie View A & M University
University of New Mexico
Harvard School of Public Health
Cong. Dist.
TX-25
TX-31
TX-10
TX-10
TX-10
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
TX-10
TX-31
NM-01
MASSACHUSET
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 9 of 46
-------
Investigator
Dagg, Michael
Dale, Bruce E.
Daniel, David E.
Dasgupta, Purnendu K.
Day, John
Dayawansa, W. P.
de Jesus Navar, Jose
Debinski, Diane
Debnath, D.
Dekant, Wolfgang
del Junco, Deborah
Dellinger, Barry
Dellinger, Barry
Ref.#
94
205
201
29
75
98
16
20
160
194
42
48
71
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCS
Contaminated Soils
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated
Vertical Drains
Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs -
Real Time Gas/Aerosol Analyzers
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in
Polluted Gas Streams
Institution
Louisiana Universities Marine
Consortium
Texas A & M University
University of Texas
Texas Tech University
University of New Mexico
Texas Tech University
Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo
Leon
Iowa State University
University of New Orleans
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Houston
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Cong. Dist.
LA -03
TX-31
TX- 10
TX-19
NM-01
TX-19
MEXICO
IOWA
LA -02
NM-01
TX-25
LA -06
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 10 o/46
-------
Abstract
Institution Cong. Dist.
Dellinger, Barry
Denison, Michael
Denvir, Adrian J.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Denvir, Adrian J.
Desvouges, William H.
Dickson, Kenneth L
Dixon, K. R.
Djidjev, Hristo
Dobbs, Richard
Donnelly, Kirby C.
84 STAR
Grant
42 STAR
Grant
118 SBIR
Phase II
132 SBIR
Phase I
144 SBIR
Phase I
148 SBIR
Phase I
154 SBIR
Phase I
9 STAR
Grant
63 STAR
Grant
98 STAR
Grant
21 STAR
Grant
230 Hazardous
Substance
34 STAR
Grant
, . , - .-~-.-'S*sS! "~ . '•.:-,
Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition
Metal Catalyzed Formation of PCDD/F from Combustion Generated
Hydrocarbons
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a
Commodity Chemical
Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and
Long-Term Monitoring of Pollutants
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a
Commodity Chemical
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
.--•*••-, •,*-• • • «.=««;csv ..^-.--,,Wj_i>H.'Jt-™- ^irt - 'i»--.,-«v». -is'-!--'rt>H",s-Jw1 -i,.-.J,'
-------
Investigator
Donnelly, Kirby C.
Drew, Malcolm
Duncan, Kathleen
DuPont, Herbert L.
DuPont, Herbert L.
Easterling, William
Edge, Billy
Edwards, Robert
Eiceman, Gary A.
Ellington, Rex
Elmi, C.
Epperson, William P.
Erkey, Can
Ref.#
205
36
172
13
92
19
234
16
57
12
77
77
204
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB
Contaminated Soils
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of
Soils Containing Petrochemicals
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and
Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in
Supercritical Fluids
Institution Cong. Dist.
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Tulsa OK - 01
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
University of Texas at Houston?
(UT - Austin.Texas A & M
University)
Pennsylvania State University - PENNSYLVANIA
Main Campus
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Houston Advanced Research TX - 08.TX - 1 0
Center.Texas A & M
University.University of Texas at
New Mexico State University NM - 02
University of Oklahoma OK - 04
University of California -
Davis, South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
South Dakota State University SOUTH DAKOTA
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 12 of46
-------
Investigator
Esmen, Nurtan. A.
Estes, Mary K.
Estes, Mary K.
Everett, J.
Ewing, Richard E.
Fackler, Jr., John P
Fang, Xing
Fehrenbacher, L.
Fitzpatrick, Leigh
Fleeger, J. W.
Fletcher, John S.
Focht, Will
Ford, Denise Rousseau
Ref. # Grant
61 STAR
Grant
14 STAR
Grant
15 STAR
Grant
47 STAR
Grant
21 STAR
Grant
80 STAR
Grant
17 STAR
Grant
28 STAR
Grant
237 Hazardous
Substance
233 Hazardous
Substance
175 Hazardous
Substance
38 STAR
Grant
237 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with
Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Supported Catalysts
Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in
Cold Regions by Climate Change
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic
Hydrocarbons
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Institution
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
University of Oklahoma
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
University of Minnesota
Technology Assessment &
Transfer Inc
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma
Oklahoma State University
Texas A & M University
Cong. Dist.
OK -05
TX-25
TX-25
OK -04
TX-31
TX-31
MINNESOTA
MARYLAND
TX-31
TX-31
OK -04
OK -03
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 13 of 46
-------
Investigator
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Institution
Cone. Dist.
Fort, Douglas J.
Fox, Garey A.
Fox, George E.
Frame, Lynn
Frampton, Mark W.
Frost, Floyd
Fry, Brian
Fuiman, L. A.
Fullerton, Don
Ganderton, Philip
Garrison, Timothy J.
Gelzleichter, Thomas R.
Georgiou, George
150
107
31
25
191
99
75
68
11
10
215
182
1
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Fellowship
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based
Endocrine Disruption Screening Assay
Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters (
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with
Bank Filtration
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln
Incinerator
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
Fort Environmental Laboratories
Inc.
Texas A & M University
University of Houston
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Clinic Foundation
University of New Mexico
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
Louisiana State University
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Austin
OK -03
TX-31
TX-18
AR-02
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
TX-10
TX-10
NM-01
LA -06
NM-01
TX-10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 14 o/46
-------
Investigator
Georgiou, George
Gerde, Per
Gibson, Aaron
Gilbert, Kathleen M.
Gilbert, Robert B.
Gillett, Nancy A.
Gladkikh, Mikhail
Goedecke, George
Gold, John R.
Gonzales-Ramos, Javier
Gonzalez-Ayala, Salvador
Gourdine, Meredith C.
Grace, James
Ref. # Grant
197 Hazardous
Substance
193 Hazardous
Substance
61 STAR
Grant
55 STAR
Grant
200 Hazardous
Substance
187 Hazardous
Substance
64 STAR
Grant
2 STAR
Grant
100 STAR
Grant
70 STAR
Grant
74 STAR
Grant
121 SBIR
Phase I
89 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air
Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing
Benzo[a]pyrene
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated
with DNAPLs
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in
Soil
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing
Dinoflagellate
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Multi- Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants
from Industrial Gas
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie:
Causes and Consequences
Institution
University of Texas
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
University of Texas
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Austin
New Mexico State University
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Brownsville
Instituto Municipal de Investigaclon
y Planeacion
Energy Innovations Inc.
Rice University
Cong. Dist.
TX-10
NM-01
OK - 04.OK - 06
AR - 02.AR - 03
TX-10
NM-01
TX- 10
NM-02
TX-31
TX-27
MEXICO
TX-07
TX-18
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 15 of 46
-------
Investigator
Grant, Stanley B.
Grant, Stanley B.
Gray, Robert
Greaves, Ian
Gregory, Kirk
Griffith, William C.
Griffith, William C.
Griffith, William C.
Gross, Elizabeth A.
Grotelueschen, Dale M.
Graver, James P
Hall, Matthew J.
Hall, Thomas. A.
Ref.#
14
15
74
41
78
179
185
187
185
77
44
217
61
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for
aquatic ecosystems
Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated
Lubricating Oils
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Institution
University of California - Irvine
University of California - Irvine
University of Texas at El Paso
University of Minnesota
University of New Mexico
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Nebraska at Lincoln
University of Texas at Arlington
University of Texas
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
Cong. Dist.
CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA
TX- 16
MINNESOTA
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NEBRASKA
TX-24
TX-10
OK -05
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 16 of 46
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Investigator
Hannoura, A. P.
Hansen, Lara
Harkema, Jack
Harkema, Jack
Harkema, Jack
Harkema, Jack
Harris, Thomas M.
Hasegawa, Mark
Hawk, Susan
Hayes, Donald J.
Hazelton, Jared
Heller, Miriam
Heller, Miriam
Ref.#
168
62
179
182
184
185
173
176
182
146
16
202
231
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stresfeors in the
Florida Keys
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone
Inhalation
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation
of Brine-Impacted Soil
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
(NORM)
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and
Content in Rat Lungs
PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing
Industry
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention
in the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border
Approach
Institution
University of New Orleans
US EPA NHEERL: Gulf Breeze, FL
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Tulsa
University of Oklahoma
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
MicroFab Technologies Inc.
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Houston
Cong- Dist.
LA -02
FLORIDA
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
OK -01
OK -04
NM-01
TX-03
TX-31
TX-31
TX-25
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 17 of 46
-------
Investigator
Henderson, Rogene F.
Henderson, Rogene F.
Henderson, Rogene F.
Hinton, David E.
Hitchens, G. Duncan
Ho, T. C.
Ho, Thomas C.
Hoar, Bruce
Hodko, Dalibor
Hodko, Dalibor
Holian, Andrij
Holtzapple, Mark
Hong, Jun-Yan
Ref.# Grant
53 STAR
Grant
187 Hazardous
Substance
1 92 Hazardous
Substance
26 STAR
Grant
142 SBIR
Phase I
195 Hazardous
Substance
225 Hazardous
Substance
77 STAR
Grant
119 SBIR
Phase II
145 SBIR
Phase 1
59 STAR
Grant
209 Hazardous
Substance
194 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for
Disinfection
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed
Incineration
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts in Water
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium
Oocysts in Water
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed
Alcohol Fuels
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Institution
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of New Orleans
University of California - Davis
Lynntech Inc.
Gulf Coast Hazardous Research
Center
Lamar University
University of California - Davis
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
University of Texas at Houston
Texas A & M University
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
NM-01
LA -02
CALIFORNIA
TX-31
TX-09
TX-09
CALIFORNIA
TX-31
TX-31
TX-25
TX-31
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page18 of46
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Investigator
Hopper, Jack R.
Hopper, Jack R.
Hosea, James Michael
Hovde, David Christian
Hovde, David Christian
Howard, Cynthia L.
Howard, Paul C.
Hoyle, Albert G.
Hrncir, Duane
Hughes, Joe
Hunt, William C.
Jakubauskas, Mark
James, David S.
Ref.#
196
227
141
135
139
230
186
120
56
234
180
20
181
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast
Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification '
Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy
Metals
Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
Portable Methane Flux Meter
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Recycling of Polypropylene Carpet Waste into Polyester Carpet
Backcoating
Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in
Pristine and Contaminated Mountain Streams
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Institution
Lamar University
Lamar University
Bio-Recovery Systems Inc.
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Texas A & M University
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Hoyle Associates
Mesa State College
Texas A & M University
Harvard School of Public Health
University of Kansas Main Campus
University of New Orleans
Cong. Dist.
TX-09
TX-09
NM-02
NM-03
NM-03
TX-31
NM-01
MASSACHUSET
COLORADO
TX-31
MASSACHUSET
KANSAS
LA -02
Monday, February 03, 2003
, ..
Page 19 of 46
-------
Investigator Ref. # Grant
Abstract
Institution
Janecki, Andrzej
Janz, David M.
Jeffries, Rhonda
Jenkins, Hank
Johnson, Anna
Johnson, David. L.
Johnston, Murray V.
Jordan, Donald L.
Josse, Juan
Judd, Frank
Junk, Thomas
Justic, Dubravko
Kadlubar, Fred
92
52
73
10
64
61
57
229
159
70
214
75
25
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of
Petrochemical Wastes
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in
Soil
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and
Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols
Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance
Research by Publishing on the World Wide Web
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact
Process
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II:
Process Optimization and Pathway Studies
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
University of Texas Medical School
at Houston
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of Texas at Austin
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Delaware
Lamar University
University of New Orleans
University of Texas - Pan American
Louisiana State University
University of New Mexico
National Center for Toxicology
Research
TX-25
OK -03
OK -01
NM-01
TX-10
OK -05
DELAWARE
TX-09
LA -02
TX- 15
LA -06
NM-01
AR-02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 20 of 46
-------
Investigator
Kaplan, Hillard
Katz, Richard
Kemp, Paul
Kenimer, Ann L.
Kennedy, James H.
Kennicutt, Mahlon C.
Kennicutt, Mahlon C.
Khachatryan, Lavrent
Khachatryan, Lavrent
Kibbey, Tohren C. G.
Kindscher, Kelly
Kinney, Kerry A.
Kitz, Hilary
Ref.# Grant
10 STAR
Grant
19 STAR
Grant
75 STAR
Grant
66 STAR
Grant
63 STAR
Grant
32 STAR
Grant
37 STAR
Grant
48 STAR
Grant
71 STAR
Grant
90 STAR
Grant
20 STAR
Grant
49 STAR
Grant
73 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf
of Mexico: Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash
Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in
Polluted Gas Streams
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate
and Transport of Pharmaceuticals
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and
Biodiversity in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Institution
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
University of New Mexico
Texas A&M University
University of North Texas
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Oklahoma
University of Kansas Main Campus
University of Texas at Austin
City of Tulsa, Oklahoma
Cong. Dist.
NM-01
COLORADO
NM-01
TX-31
TX-26
TX-31
TX-31
LA -06
LA -06
OK -04
KANSAS
TX- 10
OK -01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 21 of 46
-------
Investigator
Klerks, Paul
Klerks, Paul
Knox, Robert
Komanduri, Ranga
Kooshian, Charles
Koppelman, David
Krause, Kate
Krause, Wendy E.
Kroh, Franklin O.
Krumholz, Lee R.
Kuder, T.
Kuder, Tomasz
Kunde, Twila
Ref.# Grant
95 STAR
Grant
96 STAR
Grant
47 STAR
Grant
28 STAR
Grant
74 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
78 STAR
Grant
151 SBIR
Phase I
131 SBIR
Phase I
176 Hazardous
Substance
51 STAR
Grant
51 STAR
Grant
99 STAR
Grant
Abstract
How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global
warming?
Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the
interactions of salinity stress, genetic diversity and population
characteristics of fish inhabiting coastal marshes
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocate and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using
Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Dendrimers
Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material
(NORM)
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with
Bank Filtration
. , - ,. . - .iJf&Ht** . ,^«**-^ti.;j~-,,» Vt.*i!j..f.F.»a*«iltB.. -'•-,-»#; ~t..*Us,.*S6/>s, VB.5-xS-~-BS.v-i". --w*x«*»*JK!i!W*«|»«W«w-i;^Vjil
-------
Investigator
Kura, Bhaskar
Kura, Bhaskar
Kurlkin, Joanne
Kustas, Frank
La Motta, Enrique J.
Lahsen, Myanna
Lalor, Melinda Marsh
Lambert, William E.
Lambert, William E.
Lambert, William L.
LaMotta, Enrique
Lang, Nicholas P
Langford, Richard P
Ref.#
158
162
73
28
159
102
166
180
181
180
158
25
91
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Fellowship
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact
Process
Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate
Change
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Institution
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations
Council of Government.Oklahoma
Department of Environmental
Technology Assessment &
Transfer Inc
University of New Orleans
Rice University
University of New Orleans
Harvard School of Public Health
University of New Orleans
Harvard School of Public Health
University of New Orleans
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
University of Texas at Austin
Cong. Dist.
LA -02
LA -02
OK -01
MARYLAND
LA -02
TX-18
LA -02
MASSACHUSET
LA -02
MASSACHUSET
LA -02
AR-02
TX- 10
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 23 of 46
-------
Investigator
Lanno, Roman
Last, Jerold A.
Lazarov, Raytcho D.
Leberg, Paul. L.
Leberg, Paul. L.
Lee, William R.
Li, Chao-Jun
Li, Chao-Jun
Li, Ku-Yen
Li, Ku-Yen
Liu, Jing
Liu, Qing-Huo
Lochmiller, Robert L.
Ref.#
172
182
21
95
96
39
3
79
212
224
40
23
52
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
•• •^.f^K.fSif. !.'-*««*.*-.• c- :
Abstract
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of
Soils Containing Petrochemicals
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Strubture and
Content in Rat Lungs
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global
warming?
Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the
interactions of salinity stress, genetic diversity and population
characteristics of fish inhabiting coastal marshes
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond
Formations
Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated
Process To Treat a Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient
Numerical Simulations
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of
Petrochemical Wastes
-' *. -u..'— • • *'-vs^ V^' >-f2* -' % -^ * '=i. '-•*.' ft'***' • • ' •^VlV^vVjfr^h' l.-.f£"^'.V .JI*il".4^l!taU>rtt*'*,-T1*LV*v . J-*hW1* »W. , ..„-,- ^,,Jj wftt',* XViBtoftlfc &ft+* O
Institution Cong. Dist.
Oklahoma State University OK - 03
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Louisiana at Lafayette LA - 07
University of Louisiana at Lafayette LA - 07
Louisiana State University - Baton LA - 06
Rouge
Tulane University of Louisiana LA - 02
Tulane University of Louisiana LA - 02
Lamar University TX - 09
Lamar University TX - 09
Northeast Louisiana University LA - 05
New Mexico State University NM - 02
Oklahoma State University OK - 03
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 24 of 46
-------
Investigator
Loehr, Raymond C.
Lomnicki, Slawomir
Lonard, Robert
Lucht, Robert P.
Lynch, R. A.
Lynch, Robert A.
Lyons, W. Berry
Mace, Kimberly A.
Macko, Stephen A.
MacLeod, Stewart
Majors, Paul D.
Marbury, M.
Marcham, Cheri
Ref.# Grant
1 99 Hazardous
Substance
71 STAR
Grant
70 STAR
Grant
83 STAR
Grant
38 STAR
Grant
61 STAR
Grant
67 STAR
Grant
112 STAR
Fellowship
37 STAR
Grant
25 STAR
Grant
1 STAR
Grant
24 STAR
Grant
61 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Biofiltration Technology Development
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in
Polluted Gas Streams
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance
in Global Marine Biogeochemistry
Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Institution Cong. Dist.
University of Texas TX - 10
Louisiana State University - Baton LA - 06
Rouge
University of Texas - Pan American TX - 15
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Oklahoma OK - 04
University of Oklahoma Health OK - 05
Sciences Center
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa ALABAMA
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Virginia VIRGINIA
University of Arkansas for Medical AR • 02, AR - 04
Sciences, National Center for
Toxicology Research
University of Texas at Austin TX - 1 0
Minnesota Department of Health MINNESOTA
University of Oklahoma Health OK - 05
Sciences Center
£., -*:•<•.*.*..&<- --.fSii, .'.'SBw-I^l|?B^JW»»i.Vl.^..«*iJXv^..-.-.(.>... ^~~- '•i^j^j^iti-, •*,<*>, '-•^*-)--'w,ia-
-------
Investigator
Marshall, Paul
Martin, C. F.
Martin, Howard
Mathis, Mitchell
Matlock, Marty D.
Matthews, Olen Paul
Mauderly, Joe L.
Mauderly, Joe L.
Mauderly, Joe L.
Mayer, Alex A.
McCarl, Bruce
McCluskey, B. J.
McCool, F. Dennis
Ref.#
82
98
63
16
66
78
184
187
188
33
19
77
181
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetland* on the
Southern High Plains
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone
Inhalation
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-
Enhanced Aquifer Remediation
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Institution Cong. Dist.
University of North Texas TX - 26
Texas Tech University TX - 19
City of Denton, Texas TX - 26
University of Texas: Houston TX - 08
Advanced Research Center -
Woodlands
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of New Mexico NM - 01
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Michigan Technological University MICHIGAN
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of California -
Davis, South Dakota State
University, University of Nebraska
University of New Orleans LA - 02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 26 of 46
-------
Investigator
McCorquodale, J. A.
McCorquodale, J. A.
McDonald, T J.
Mclnerney, Michael
McKee, Michael
McKinney, Daene C.
McKnight, Diane M.
McLaren, Leroy C.
McManis, Kenneth
McManis, Kenneth
McManis, Kenneth
McMurry, Scott T.
McMurry, Scott T.
Ref.#
158
169
34
156
10
200
56
180
158
160
161
54
98
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Early
Competed
Center
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling t
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated
with DNAPLs
Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in
Pristine and Contaminated Mountain Streams
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus
moreletii) Populations to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Belize,
Central America
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Institution
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma
University of New Mexico - Main
Campus
University of Texas
University of Colorado at Boulder
Harvard School of Public Health
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Texas Tech University
Texas Tech University
Cong. Dist.
LA -02
LA -02
TX-31
OK -04
NM-01
TX-10
COLORADO
MASSACHUSET
LA -02
LA -02
LA -02
TX-19
TX- 19
Monday, February 03, 2003
w«* .-J!:-,.-Hjf^aiHUHI.'-iSA,HKfV.
Page 27 of 46
-------
Investigator
Mearns, Linda
Meister, John J.
Menache, Margaret
Meo, Mark
Meo, Mark
Mermier, Christine M.
Miller, Gregory P.
Minevski, Zoran
Minevski, Zoran
Mitchell, Charles
Mitchell, Charles
Mittleman, Daniel M.
Mohanty, Kishore K.
Ref.# Grant
19 STAR
Grant
88 STAR
Grant
53 STAR
Grant
12 STAR
Grant
38 STAR
Grant
181 Hazardous
Substance
155 SBIR
Phase I
117 SBIR
Phase II
134 SBIR
Phase I
187 Hazardous
Substance
1 89 Hazardous
Substance
65 STAR
Grant
222 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for1
Formaldehyde Pollution Avoidance and Prevention
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion
Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion
Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From
Rats Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz
Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent
Remediation
Institution
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
Forest Products Research Center
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of New Orleans
Daniel B. Stephens and
Associates Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Rice University
Texas A & M University
Cong. Dist.
COLORADO
NM-01
NM-01
OK -04
OK -04
LA -02
NM-01
TX-31
TX-31
NM-01
NM-01
TX-18
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 28 of 46
-------
Abstract
Institution Cong, Dist.
Montagna, Paul A.
Morandi, Maria T,
Morgan, Kevin T.
Moss, S. K.
Mueller, Erich
Mulchandani, Ashok
Munster, Clyde
Murdoch, James C.
Murphy, Cynthia F.
Murphy, Oliver J.
Murphy, Oliver J.
Nagle, David P.
Nataraj, Mysore
32 STAR
Grant
59 STAR
Grant
1 85 Hazardous
Substance
61 STAR
Grant
62 STAR
Grant
81 STAR
Grant
36 STAR
Grant
43 STAR
Grant
85 STAR
Grant
122 SBIR
Phase I
123 SBIR
Phase II
175 Hazardous
Substance
160 Hazardous
Substance
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf
of Mexico: Loss of Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation '
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural
Changes in the Rat Nose
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor
Processing
Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to
Attain Ultra-Low Emissions
Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to
Attain Ultra-Low Emissions
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic
Hydrocarbons
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
University of Texas at Austin TX - 10
University of Texas at Houston TX - 25
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
University of Oklahoma Health OK - 04.OK - 06
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
NERL and NHEERL, OW - OCPD,
Region 4 and 6( Gulf of Mexico
Progr
University of California - Riverside CALIFORNIA
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Louisiana State University - Baton LA - 06
Rouge
University of Texas at Austin TX - 1 0
Lynntech Inc. TX - 31
Lynntech Inc. TX - 31
University of Oklahoma OK - 04
University of New Orleans LA - 02
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 29 of 46
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Investigator
Nataraj, Mysore
Neill, William H.
Neuenschwander, Amy
Neupauer, Roseanna M.
Nikula, K. J.
Nikula, K. J.
Nikula, K. J.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Nimitz, Jonathan S.
Noble, Beth
Nyman, J. A.
Ogunseiten, Oladele
Ref.#
161
66
70
106
60
187
189
116
136
147
64
168
14
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowship
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
SBIR
Phase II
SBIR
Phase I
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Mullidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Environmental transport modeling
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From
Rats Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic
Refrigerators
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic
Refrigerators
High Performance, Zero OOP Halon 1301 Replacement
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in
Soil
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Institution
University of New Orleans
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Austin
New Mexico Institute of Mining and
Technology
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
Environmental Technology and
Education Center Inc.
Nimitz Inc.
University of Texas at Austin
University of New Orleans
University of California - Irvine
Cong. Dist.
LA -02
TX-31
TX-10
NM-02
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
NM-01
TX-10
LA -02
CALIFORNIA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 3O of 46
-------
Investigator
Ogunseiten, Oladele
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Okhuysen, Pablo C.
Olson, Terese M.
Olson, Terese M.
Paek, Domyung
Pardue, J.
Pardue, J.
Parsley, Edwin
Ration, Charles C.
Paull, Gene
Payne, John W.
Ref.#
15
13
76
92
14
15
181
233
235
59
128
70
9
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dosd in Humans
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural
Groundwater Disinfection
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
Phytoremediation in wetlands and CDFs
Airborne Paniculate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production
Using Carbon Aerogel Technology
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Institution Cong, Dist.
University of California - Irvine CALIFORNIA
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
University of Texas at Austin TX - 1 0
University of California - Irvine CALIFORNIA
University of California - Irvine CALIFORNIA
University of New Orleans LA - 02
Texas A & M University TX - 31
Louisiana State University - Baton LA - 06
Rouge
University of Texas at Houston TX - 25
BPF Inc. TX - 32
University of Texas at Brownsville TX - 27
Duke University NORTH CAROLI
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 31 of 46
-------
Investigator
Pearson, Roderick R.
Peterson, Tarla Rai
Phillips, Margaret L.
Philp, R. Paul
Pike, Ralph W.
Pillai, Surresh
Pillai, Surresh
Pine, Gaylon
Pinckney, James L.
Pitt, Robert E.
Pope, Carey
Pope, Gary A.
Potter, William
Ref.#
m
66
61
51
226
18
91
73
93
166
40
33
73
Grant
STAR
Fellowship
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line
Optimization
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based
Estimates of Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying
Environmental Conditions
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate
Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-
Enhanced Aquifer Remediation
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Institution
University of Texas at El Paso
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma Health
Sciences Center
University of Oklahoma
Louisiana State University
Texas A&M Agricultural Research
and Extension Center
Texas A&M University
Indian Nations Council of
Government
Texas A&M University
University of New Orleans
Oklahoma State University
University of Texas at Austin
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations
Council of Government, Oklahoma
Cong. Dist.
TX-16
TX-31
OK -05
OK -04
LA -06
TX-31
TX-31
OK -01
TX-31
LA -02
OK -03
TX-10
OK -01
Department of Environmental
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 32 of 46
-------
Investigator
Ref. # Grant
Abstract
Institution
Cong. Dist,
Powell, Quint H.
Power, James H.
58 STAR Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled
Grant Alone and in Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized
Brown-Norway Rats
30 STAR Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as
Grant Indicators of Ecosystem Health
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Louisiana State University - Baton LA - 06
Rouge
Pratt, Greg
24 STAR Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Grant Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency MINNESOTA
Prengle, H. W.
Presley, Richard
220 Hazardous
101
Substance
STAR
Fellowship
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2A/isUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions
from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
Texas A & M University
TX-31
New Mexico Highlands University NM - 03
Pressman, Jonathan G. 105
STAR Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane
Fellowship Bioreactor for Cometabolic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
University of Texas at Austin TX -10
Pryor, William A.
Pumford, Neil R.
Purser, Jane
Putnam, Kim L.
Quails, Charles W.
191 Hazardous A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
55
73
188
52
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of
Petrochemical Wastes
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
University of Arkansas for Medical AR - 02.AR - 03
Sciences,University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
City of Tulsa, Indian Nations OK - 01
Council of Government.Oklahoma
Department of Environmental
Lovelace Respiratory Research NM - 01
Institute
Oklahoma State University
OK-03
Radhakrishnamurthy, Bhan 183 Hazardous
Rajagopalan, Raj
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat
Lungs Caused by Prolonged Ozone Inhalation
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent
Remediation
Tulane University of Louisiana LA - 02
Texas A & M University
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 33 of 46
-------
investigator
Ramachandran, Gurumurth
Ramachandran, Gurumurth
Ramanujam, Jagannathan
Randerath, Erika
Randerath, Kurt
Raney, Jay
Recio, Leslie
Redman, T. K.
Reeves, William
Reible, Danny
Reible, Danny
Reinhard, Martin
Reyes, Enrique
Ref.# Grant
24 STAR
Grant
41 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
1 88 Hazardous
Substance
1 88 Hazardous
Substance
70 STAR
Grant
192 Hazardous
Substance
60 STAR
Grant
34 STAR
Grant
232 Hazardous
Substance
233 Hazardous
Substance
156 Early
Competed
Center
75 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
An Investigation of DMA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant
Contaminants
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Institution
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Austin
University of New Orleans
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Texas A & M University
Louisiana State University
Louisiana State University
Stanford University
University of New Mexico
Cong, Dist.
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
LA -06
NM-01
NM-01
TX-10
LA -02
NM-01
TX-31
LA -06
LA -06
CALIFORNIA
NM-01
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 34 of 46
-------
Investigator
Richardson, James T.
Richardson, Tammi L.
Riddle, Anita L.
Rieken, Eric
Riggs, W.
Rixey, William G.
Roberts, D. J.
Roden, Eric E.
Rodriguez, Robin R.
Rogers, William
Rose, K. A.
Rosenfield, Jonathan Alan
Sabatini, David A.
Ref.#
218
93
196
70
77
223
219
67
35
89
68
108
47
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Fellowship
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using
Catalytic Steam Reforming
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based
Estimates of Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying
Environmental Conditions
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast
Texas Using Artificial Neural Network Technology
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface
Fate and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions
for the Analytical Models
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
{Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils
Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of
Arsenic in Contaminated Media
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie:
Causes and Consequences
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Natural hybridization
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Institution
University of Texas
Texas A & M University
Lamar University
University of Texas - Pan American
University of California -
Davis, South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
Texas A & M University
University of Texas
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
Oklahoma State University
Rice University
University of Texas at Austin
University of New Mexico
University of Oklahoma
Cong. Dist.
TX-10
TX-31
TX-09
TX-15
TX-31
TX-10
ALABAMA
OK -03
TX-18
TX- 10
NM-01
OK -04
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 35 of 46
-------
Investigator
Sabatini, David A.
Safe, S. H.
Samet, Jonathan M.
Samet, Jonathan M.
Samuelson, Charles D.
Sanchez, Cassia M.
Sanders, Dee Ann
Sankowski, Edward T.
Santavy, Debbie
Savelski, Mariano
Schkade, David A.
Schmandt, Jurgen
Schmitter, Bob
Ref.# Grant
90 STAR
Grant
34 STAR
Grant
180 Hazardous
Substance
1 81 Hazardous
Substance
66 STAR
Grant
114 STAR
Fellowship
171 Hazardous
Substance
38 STAR
Grant
62 STAR
Grant
87 STAR
Grant
9 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
237 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate
and Transport of Pharmaceuticals
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures '
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Institution
University of Oklahoma
Texas A & M University
Harvard School of Public Health
University of New Orleans
Texas A & M University
New Mexico State University
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
US EPA NHEERL: Gulf Breeze, FL
University of Oklahoma
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas: Houston
Advanced Research Center--
Woodlands
Texas A & M University
Cong. Dist.
OK -04
TX-31
MASSACHUSET
LA -02
TX-31
NM-02
OK -04
OK -04
FLORIDA
OK -04
TX-10
TX-08
TX-31
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 36 of 46
-------
Investigator
Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
Schwab, Margo
Scuderi, Louis A.
Sexton, K.
Sexton, Ken
Seyed-Yagoobi, J.
Shalaev, Vladimir M.
Shartman, Mark
Sharma, Mukul M.
Shields, David
Siemann, Evan
Singh, Vijay P.
Sipes, James
Ref.#
91
180
78
41
24
208
2
12
1
231
89
97
38
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Abstract
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children '
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low
Generation of Hazardous Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The
Management of Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation
Under Alternative Market Conditions
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention
in the Chemical and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border
Approach
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie:
Causes and Consequences
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Institution
University of Texas at Austin
Harvard School of Public Health
University of New Mexico
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota
Texas A & M University
New Mexico State University
University of Oklahoma
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Houston
Rice University
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Oklahoma
Cong. Dist.
TX- 10
MASSACHUSET
NM-01
MINNESOTA
MINNESOTA
TX-31
NM-02
OK -04
TX-10
TX-25
TX-18
LA -06
OK -04
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 37 of 46
-------
Investigator
Sisbarro, Daniel J.
Sischo, William M.
Skipper, Betty J.
Smallwood, B.
Smallwood, Barbara
Smith, B.
Smith, L. M.
Snell, Seth
Snethen, Donald R.
Snipes, M. Burton
Speitel, Gerald E.
Speitel, Gerald E.
Spengler, John D.
Ref.# Grant
16 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
180 Hazardous
Substance
51 STAR
Grant
51 STAR
Grant
77 STAR
Grant
98 STAR
Grant
78 STAR
Grant
171 Hazardous
Substance
187 Hazardous
Substance
50 STAR
Grant
1 97 Hazardous
Substance
1 80 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of CryptospoNdium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel
approach for monitoring the origin and fate of hydrocarbon
contaminants in the environment
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium
Parvum in Feedlot in the Western United States
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision
Making in the Upper Rio Grande Basin
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures
of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular
Activated Carbon Columns
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air
Streams Contaminated with Chlorinated Solvents
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Institution
University of Texas: Houston
Advanced Research Center -
Woodlands
University of California - Davis
Harvard School of Public Health
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
University of California -
Da vis, South Dakota State
University.University of Nebraska
Texas Tech University
University of New Mexico
University of Oklahoma
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas
Harvard School of Public Health
Cong. Dist.
TX-08
CALIFORNIA
MASSACHUSET
OK -04
OK -04
TX-19
NM-01
OK -04
NM-01
TX-10
TX-10
MASSACHUSET
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 38 of 46
-------
Investigator
Stanton, Alan C.
Starr, James
Stefan, Heinz G.
Stephens, Nicole D.
Sterling, Charles R.
Stock, Tom
Stotts, Craig
Strevett, Keith A.
Sublette, Kerry
Sublette, Kerry
Suflita, Joseph
Suflita, Joseph
Suhayda, Joseph N.
Ref. # Grant
124 SBIR
Phase I
53 STAR
Grant
17 STAR
Grant
179 Hazardous
Substance
13 STAR
Grant
24 STAR
Grant
25 STAR
Grant
47 STAR
Grant
156 Early
Competed
Center
170 Hazardous
Substance
156 Early
Competed
Center
1 74 Hazardous
Substance
97 STAR
Grant
Abstract
A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor
for Nitrogen Oxides
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene '
Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in
Cold Regions by Climate Change
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for
Colorectal Cancer
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Haiogenated
Aliphatics
Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Haiogenated
Aliphatics
Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Institution
Southwest Sciences Inc.
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Minnesota
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
University of Texas at Austin
University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences
University of Oklahoma
University of Tulsa
University of Tulsa
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Cons. Dist.
NM-03
NM-01
MINNESOTA
NM-01
TX-25
TX-10
AR-02
OK -04
OK -01
OK -01
OK -04
OK -04
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 39 of 46
-------
Investigator
Sui, Daniel Z.
Sullivan, Jeri
Sun, James D.
Sutherlin, John
Sutherlin, John
Swafford, Deborah S.
Sweeney, Anne
Swenberg, James A.
Sylvester, Paul
Symanski, Elaine
Symons, James M.
Tanner, R.
Tanner, Ralph
imt^AUt&aaVte MM*
Ref.# Grant
69 STAR
Grant
70 STAR
Grant
1 79 Hazardous
Substance
1 58 Hazardous
Substance
1 64 Hazardous
Substance
1 89 Hazardous
Substance
42 STAR
Grant
1 92 Hazardous
Substance
138 SBIR
Phase I
42 STAR
Grant
220 Hazardous
Substance
47 STAR
Grant
156 Early
Competed
Center
Abstract
Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital
Economy: Towards an Informational Ecology for the Greening of
Electronic Commerce
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio GVande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Urban Solid Waste Management Videos
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From
Rats Exposed To Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-
Fired Power Plants
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions
from Industrial and Environmental Remediation Sources
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon
Biodegradation
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted
Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated
Aliphatics
.tit uvv.-. , <• -E&v.Mife>t**SBi» ..'-s*j:.-- ,-*.- ^ -. -•a^w.,*vUB!«...j'-. iiirt*!W*fts«arje*Wf .&.*•>• - -£•->,- ->••* - -,<**aNS!ws*. ?*• '•w*<*«t«3»
Institution
Texas A & M University
University of Texas at Austin
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Houston
University of New Orleans
Lynntech Inc.
University of Texas at Houston
Texas A & M University
University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
TX-10
NM-01
LA -02
LA -02
NM-01
TX-25
LA -02
TX-31
TX-25
TX-31
OK -04
OK -04
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 40 of 46
-------
Investigator
Taylor, Henry F.
Taylor, Philip H.
Taylor, Scott R.
Teh, Swee J.
Templet, Paul
Tennakoon, Charles
Tennakoon, Charles
Tennakoon, Charles
Tercek, Michael T.
Thayer, Mark
Theodorakis, C. W.
Thiagarajan, Ganesh
Thibodeaux, Louis J.
Ref. # Grant
86 STAR
Grant
82 STAR
Grant
140 SBIR
Phase I
26 STAR
Grant
75 STAR
Grant
125 SBIR
Phase I
127 SBIR
Phase I
133 SBIR
Phase I
115 STAR
Fellowship
43 STAR
Grant
98 STAR
Grant
97 STAR
Grant
157 Early
Competed
Center
Abstract
New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous
Recovery of Toxic Metals
Habitat Requirements and Evolution of Agrostis Rossiae Vasey, a
Grass Endemic to Thermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Institution
Texas A & M University
University of Dayton
S.R. Taylor and Associates
University of California - Davis
University of New Mexico
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Lynntech Inc.
Tulane University of Louisiana
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Texas Tech University
University of Missouri - Kansas City
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Cong. Dist.
TX-31
OHIO
OK -01
CALIFORNIA
NM-01
TX-31
TX-31
TX-31
LA -02
LA -06
TX-19
MISSOURI
LA -06
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 41 of 46
-------
Investigator
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Institution
Cone. Dist.
Thibodeaux, Louis J.
Thoma, Greg
Thomas, Peter
Thomas, Peter
Thomassen, David G.
Thomassen, David G.
Thompson, Starley
Tiernan, Timothy C.
Timmons, Richard B.
Tittlebaum, Marty
Tittlebaum, Marty
Tomson, M.
Tremblay, Thomas
236
177
46
68
179
187
19
153
4
158
163
236
70
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
SBIR
Phase I
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental
estrogen, and p,p'-DDE, an antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic
croaker during critical periods of their reproductive life history cycles
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple
Levels of Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior
and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells'7
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon
Black in Rat Lungs
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability
of Climate on Crop Production and Regional Economics in the
Southeastern U.S.
Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens in Water
Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A
Waste-to-Useful Fuel Conversion
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New
Orleans)
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
National Center for Atmospheric
Research
TPL Inc.
University of Texas at Arlington
University of New Orleans
University of New Orleans
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Texas at Austin
LA -06
AR-03
TX-10
TX-10
NM-01
NM-01
COLORADO
NM-01
TX-24
LA -02
LA -02
LA -06
TX-10
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 42 of 46
-------
Investigator
Tweedie, Richard L.
Twilley, Robert
Twilley, Robert
Tzipori, Saul
Tzipori, Saul
Valdes, Juan B.
Valsaraj, K. T
Valsaraj, K.T.
Vardi, Moshe
Veenstra, John N.
Veenstra, John N.
Vieux, Baxter
Vipulanandan, C.
Ref.#
41
75
97
76
92
203
234
157
21
171
173
38
219
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
Early
Competed
Center
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Substance
Hazardous
Substance
STAR
Grant
Hazardous
Abstract
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and
Related Health Effects in Children Part A - Exposure
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed
Sustainability in Coastal Louisiana
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and
Reactivity
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of
Contaminant Release
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel
Computations of Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation
of Brine-Impacted Soil
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation
Institution
University of Minnesota
University of New Mexico
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
University of Texas Health Science
Center-Houston
Tufts University
Texas A & M University
Texas A & M University
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
Rice University
University of Oklahoma
University of Tulsa
University of Oklahoma
University of Texas
Cong. Dist.
MINNESOTA
NM-01
LA -07
TX-25
MASSACHUSET
TX-31
TX-31
LA -06
TX-18
OK -04
OK -01
OK -04
TX-10
Substance
{Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for Texas Soils
Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Monday, February 03, 2003
...
Page 43 of 46
-------
Investigator
Vogel, Enrique
Walker, Vernon
Waller, Lance
Waller, William T.
Walther, Thomas
Wang, D.
Wang, Joseph
Ward, G. Milton
Ward, George
Washburn, Barbara S.
White, William A.
Whitten, Guy D.
Widmer, Giovanni
Ref. # Grant
16 STAR
Grant
192 Hazardous
Substance
24 STAR
Grant
63 STAR
Grant
83 STAR
Grant
61 STAR
Grant
81 STAR
Grant
67 STAR
Grant
16 STAR
Grant
26 STAR
Grant
70 STAR
Grant
66 STAR
Grant
76 STAR
Grant
Abstract
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to
Butadiene and Its Metabolites
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to
Toxic Air Pollutants in the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric
Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Concentrations by Optical Absorption
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to
Volatile Air Toxics in Urban Environments
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to
Land Use and Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River
System
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio
Grande/Bravo Basin
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine
Disrupters
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande
Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding
Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using
Stakeholder Feedback to Direct Investigation and Restoration
Planning
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Institution Cong. Dist.
Institute Tecnologico y de Estudios MEXICO
Superiores de Monterrey
University of New Orleans LA - 02
University of Minnesota MINNESOTA
University of North Texas TX - 26
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Oklahoma Health OK - 04.OK - 06
Sciences Center.University of
Oklahoma
New Mexico State University NM - 02
University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa ALABAMA
University of Texas at Austin TX - 10
University of Texas at El Paso TX-16
University of Texas at Austin TX - 10
Texas A & M University TX - 31
University of Texas Health Science TX - 25
Center-Houston
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 44 of 46
-------
In vestigator
Widmer, Giovanni
Wiesner, M.
Wikstrom, C. V.
Wilding, Larry P.
Willett, Keith D.
Williams, Anthony N.
Williams, Paige L.
Williamson, Derek
Willis, D. B.
Willson, Richard C.
Wilson, Vincent L.
Wolf, Duane
Wright, Stuart A.
Kef. # Grant
92 STAR
Grant
234 Hazardous
Substance
129 SBIR
Phase I
207 Hazardous
Substance
38 STAR
Grant
223 Hazardous
Substance
188 Hazardous
Substance
103 STAR
Fellowship
98 STAR
Grant
31 STAR
Grant
39 STAR
Grant
177 Hazardous
Substance
213 Hazardous
Substance
Abstract
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in
Healthy Adult Volunteers
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Irttegrity and
Reactivity
High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized
Wastes
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing
Management Alternatives for the Illinois River
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface
Fate and Transport Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions
for the Analytical Models
An Investigation of DMA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to
Diesel Exhaust
Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the
Southern High Plains
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
Institution
Tufts University
Texas A & M University
Bioengineering Resources Inc.
Texas A & M University
Oklahoma State University
Texas A & M University
Lovelace Respiratory Research
Institute
University of Texas at Austin
Texas Tech University
University of Houston
Louisiana State University - Baton
Rouge
University of Arkansas at
Fayetteville
Lamar University
Cong. Dist.
MASSACHUSET
TX-31
AR-03
TX-31
OK -03
TX-31
NM-01
TX-10
TX-19
TX- 18
LA -06
AR-03
TX-09
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 45 of 46
-------
Investigator
Ref.# Grant
Abstract
Institution
Cong. Dist.
Wu, Xifeng
Wun, Chuan-Chuan
Yaws, Cart L.
Yaws, Carl L.
Yeh, Norman K.
Young, Stephen A.
Zepp, Richard
42 STAR
Grant
42 STAR
Grant
227 Hazardous
Substance
228 Hazardous
Substance
109 STAR
Fellowship
1 80 Hazardous
Substance
62 STAR
Grant
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam
Veterans
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the
Florida Keys
University of Texas at Houston
University of Texas at Houston
Lamar University
Lamar University
University of Texas at Austin
Harvard School of Public Health
US EPA NERL: Athens, GA
TX-25
TX-25
TX-09
TX-09
TX-10
MASSACHUSET
GEORGIA
Monday, February 03, 2003
Page 46 of 46
-------
Section 3.0
Grant References
-------
Each scientific or technical grant included in this document is given a Grant Reference Number
(GRN) from 1 to 237. The assignment of Grant Reference Numbers is arbitrary; they are solely
used for increasing the ease by which a grant may be located by the user of this document.
Section 3.1 contains the master list of GRNs, showing the corresponding EPA ID# and title for
each.
Sections 3.2 through 3.5 of this document contain summary information for each grant. The
GRN is located in a bold box in the top right corner of each entry. This number can be matched
to the referenced provided in the indices of Sections 2.1 through 2.3. Additionally, Section 4
contains a Topic Index which enables the user to locate all grants involving a particular
environmental topic. Each grant in Section 4 is referenced by its GRN.
-------
Section 3.1
Grant Reference List
-------
Grant Reference List
Ref. # Grant # Abstract __
1 R821268 NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
2 R822658 Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
3 R822668 Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations
4 R823179 Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A Waste-to-Useful Fuel Conversion
5 R823209 Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
6 R823335 VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
R823347 Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal Population An Innovative
Microbial Delivery System and Oil-Absorbing Natural Material
R824029 Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
9 R824310 How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
10 R824679 Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
11 R824740 A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
12 R824748 Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The Management of Environmentally
Conscious Technological Innovation Under Alternative Market Conditions
13 R824759 Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
14 R824770 Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
15 R824775 Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
16 R824799 Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo Basin
Thursday, January 16,2003 PaSe I of 14
-------
Ref.tt Grant #
Abstract
17 R824801 Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by Climate
Change
18
R824875 Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
19 R824997 Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of Climate on Crop Production
and Regional Economics in the Southeastern U.S.
20 R825155 Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and Biodiversity in the Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem
21 R825207 Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel Computations of Multiphase
Fluid Flows in Porous Media
22
R825218 Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential Physiological Consequences
23
R825225 Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient Numerical Simulations
24 R825241 Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to Toxic Air Pollutants in the
Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
25
R825280 Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
26
R825298 An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
27
R825328 Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
28
R825339 Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
29 R825344 Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs - Real Time Gas/Aerosol
Analyzers
30
R825350 Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as Indicators of Ecosystem Health
31
R825354 Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
32 R825355 Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of Mexico: Loss of Genetic
Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
33 R825405 A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer
Remediation
Thursday, January 16, 2003
Page 2 of 14
-------
Ref. # Grant #
Abstract
34 R825408 Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
35 R825410 Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of Arsenic in Contaminated Media
36 R825414 Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
37
R825420 Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
38 R825791 Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing Management Alternatives for the
Illinois River
39
R825810 Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
40
R825811 Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
41 R825813 School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and Related Health Effects in Children
Part A - Exposure
42
R825817 Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam Veterans
43
R825826 Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
44
R825868 Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic ecosystems
45
R825955 Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in Peripheral Blood
46 R826125 Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental estrogen, and p,p'-DDE, an
antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic croaker during critical periods of their reproductive life
history cycles
47 R826161 The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
48 R826166 Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash Mediated Formation of PCDD/F
49
R826168 Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
50 R826170 Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures of Biodegradable and
Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular Activated Carbon Columns
Thursday, January 16, 2003
Page 3 of 14
-------
Ref.# Grant#
Abstract
51 R826178 Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel approach for monitoring the origin
and fate of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment
52
R826242 Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical Wastes
53
R826249 Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
54 R826310 Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) Populations to Endocrine
Disrupting Compounds in Belize, Central America
55
R826409 Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-lnduced Autoimmunity
56 R826649 Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in Pristine and Contaminated
Mountain Streams
57
R826769 A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and Composition of Atmospheric
Aerosols
58 R826778 Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled Alone and in Combination on
Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized Brown-Norway Rats
59
R826782 Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
60
R826785 Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
61
R826786 Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile Air Toxics in Urban
Environments
62
R826939 CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the Florida Keys
63
R827065 Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
64
R827116 Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
65
R827122 Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
66 R827147 Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using Stakeholder Feedback to Direct
Investigation and Restoration Planning
67 R827168 Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to Land Use and
Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River System
Thursday, January 16, 2003
Page 4 of 14
-------
Ref, # Grant #
Abstract
68
R827399
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple Levels of Biological
Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior and Population Dynamics In Fishes
69 R827582 Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital Economy: Towards an Informational
Ecology for the Greening of Electronic Commerce
70 R827677 Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A Multidisciplinary
Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities in Semi-arid
Environments
71 R827719 Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted Gas Streams
72
R827930 Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
73
R827963 The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
74
R827964 Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
75 R828009 PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed Sustainability in Coastal
Louisiana
76
R828035 Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in Healthy Adult Volunteers
77 R828038 Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Pan/urn in Feedlot in the Western
United States
78 R828070 An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision Making in the Upper Rio
Grande Basin
79
R828129 Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
80 R828135 Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Fluoroacrylate Copolymer Supported
Catalysts
81
R828160 Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
82
R828175 Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air Pollutants
83 R828180 Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide
Concentrations by Optical Absorption
84 R828191 Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition Metal Catalyzed Formation of
PCDD/F from Combustion Generated Hydrocarbons
Thursday, January 16, 2003
Page 5 of 14
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Ref.ti Grant it Abstract
85 R828208 Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor Processing
86 R828209 New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
87 R828210 Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
88 R828565 Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for Formaldehyde Pollution Avoidance and
Prevention
89 R828903 Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes and Consequences
90 R829005 The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of
Pharmaceuticals
91 R829009 Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
92 R829180 Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in Healthy Adult Volunteers
93 R829369 Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based Estimates of Carbon-Specific
Growth Rates Under Varying Environmental Conditions
94 R829420E01 Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
95 R829420E02 How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global warming?
96 R829420E03 Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions of salinity stress, genetic
diversity and population characteristics of fish inhabiting coastal marshes
97 R829420E04 Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
98 R829641 Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the Southern High Plains
99 R829785 Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank Filtration
100 R830413 Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing Dinoflagellate
101 GF9500575 Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
Thursday, January 16, 2003 Page 6 of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
102 GF9500913 Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate Change
103 GF9502150 Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
104 GF9502211 Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing Anthropogenic Effects
105 U915323 Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor for Cometabolic
Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
106 U915324 Environmental transport modeling
107
U915329 Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters
108
U915345 Natural hybridization
109
U915396 Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
110 U915465 Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of heavy metal bioavailability
and toxicity in soil
111
U915618 An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
112 U915635 Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance in Global Marine
Biogeochemistry
113 U915731 The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and Environmental Xenobiotic Chemicals in
Modulating Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
114
U915800 Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
115 U915807 Habitat Requirements and Evolution of Agrostis Rossiae Vasey, a Grass Endemic to Thermal
Soils in Yellowstone National Park
116 68D99082 High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic Refrigerators
117 68D00203 New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminurn Alloys
118 68D01056 A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a Commodity Chemical
Thursday, January 16, 2003
Page 7 of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
119 68D01064 A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
120 68010058 Recycling of Polypropylene Carpet Waste into Polyester Carpet Backcoating
121 68D10062 Multi- Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants from Industrial Gas
122 68D30124 Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low Emissions
123 68D40065 Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low Emissions
124 68D50068 A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for Nitrogen Oxides
125 68D50100 Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
126 68D50120 Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
127 68D60025 Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
128 68D60031 Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production Using Carbon Aerogel
Technology
129 68D60044 High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
130 68D70025 Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
131 68D70040 Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
132 68D70042 Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and Long-Term Monitoring of
Pollutants
133 68D98114 Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous Recovery of Toxic Metals
134 68D98127 New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum Alloys
135 68D98133 Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
Thursday, January 16, 2003 Page 8 of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
136 68D98147 High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators
137 68D99017 Recycling Process for Poultry Litter
138 68D99055 The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fired Power Plants
139 68D99069 Portable Methane Flux Meter
140 68D00030 Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
141 68D00055 Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy Metals
142 68D00246 Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for Disinfection
143 68D00247 A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion Engine With On-Demand
Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a Plasmatron
144 68D00248 A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a Commodity Chemical
145 68D00249 A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
146 68D00251 PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
147 68D00255 High Performance, Zero OOP Halon 1301 Replacement
148 68D01027 Novel Method for Ferrate Production
149 68D01044 Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DNA Aptamer Strip Assays To Detect Cryptosporidium and
Encephalitozoon
150 68D02023 Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based Endocrine Disruption
Screening Assay
151 68D02030 A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using Quaternary Ammonium-
Functionalized Dendrimers
152 68D02033 SELEX DNA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and Chloroaromatics
Thursday, January 16, 2003 PaSe 9 °f14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
153 68D02038 Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens in Water
154 68D02054 Novel Method for Ferrate Production
155 68D02099 Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
156 R825689C060 Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted Porphyrins to Treat Groundwater
Contaminated with Halogenated Aliphatics
157 R825513C027 Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of Contaminant Release
158 R825427 Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New Orleans)
159 R825427C001 Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact Process
160 R825427C002 Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
161 R825427C003 Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
162 R825427C004 Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
163 R825427C005 Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
164 R825427C006 Urban Solid Waste Management Videos
165 R825427C007 UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
166 R825427C008 Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into Storm
Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
167 R825427C009 Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model Development of Subsurface Flow
Constructed Wetlands
168 R825427C010 Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
169 R825427C011 Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling
Thursday, January 16, 2003 Page 10 of 14
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Ref.# Grant # Abstract
170 R827015 Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
171 R827015C001 Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
172 R827015C002 Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing Petrochemicals
173 R827015C003 Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation of Brine-Impacted Soil
174 R827015C004 Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
175 R827015C005 Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
176 R827015C006 Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
177 R827015C007 Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
178 R828112C046 How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
179 R828112C050 Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
180 R828112C058 Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
181 R828112C059 Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
182 R828112C065 Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and Content in Rat Lungs
183 R828112C065III Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat Lungs Caused by Prolonged
Ozone Inhalation
184 R828112C065V Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
185 R828112C065VII Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural Changes in the Rat Nose
186 R828112C066 Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Thursday, January 16, 2003 PaSe ' I of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
187 R828112C068I Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon Black in Rat Lungs
188 R828112C068II An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust
189 R828112C068III No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats Exposed To Diesel Exhaust
or Carbon Black
190 R828112C072 DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel Exhaust
f
191 R828112C090 A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
192 R828112C092 Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to Butadiene and Its Metabolites
193 R828112C101 Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing Benzo[a]pyrene
194 R828112C102 Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
195 R828598 Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
196 R828598C001 Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using Artificial Neural
Network Technology
197 R828598C002 Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams Contaminated with
Chlorinated Solvents
198 R828598C003 Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
199 R828598C004 Biofiltration Technology Development
200 R828598C005 A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
201 R828598C006 In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
202 R828598C007 Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
203 R828598C012 Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Thursday, January 16, 2003 Page 12 of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
204 R828598C013 Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical Fluids
205 R828598C014 Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils
206 R828598C015 Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
207 R828598C016 Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
208 R828598C017 Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of Hazardous Gases and
High Thermal Efficiency
209 R828598C018 A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
210 R828598C019 Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
211 R828598C021 The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced Solidification/Stabilization
Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
212 R828598C022 Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To Treat a Chloro-
Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
213 R828598C023 A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
214 R828598C024 Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process Optimization and Pathway
Studies
215 R828598C025 Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
216 R828598C026 Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
217 R828598C027 Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating Oils
218 R828598C028 Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic Steam Reforming
219 R828598C029 Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and Immobilization) for
Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
220 R828598C030 Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial and
Environmental Remediation Sources
Thursday, January 16, 2003 p"ge 13 of 14
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Ref. # Grant # Abstract
221 R828598C031 Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
222 R828598C032 Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
223 R828598C033 A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and Transport Models
Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical Models
224 R828598C035 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
225 R828598C036 Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
226 R828598C037 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
227 R828598C038 Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
228 R828598C039 Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
229 R828598C040 Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by Publishing on the World
Wide Web
230 R828598C041 Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
231 R828598C042 Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the Chemical and
Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
232 R828773 Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
233 R828773C001 Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant Contaminants
234 R828773C002 In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and Reactivity
235 R828773C003 Phytoremediation in wetlands and CDFs
236 R828773C004 Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
237 R828773C005 HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Thursday, January 16, 2003 Page 14 of 14
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Section 3.2
Listings 1 to 100
STAR Grant White Pages
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
EPA Grant Number: R821268
Title: NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in Porous Media
Investigators: Mukul M. Sharma
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through August 1, 1999
Project Amount: $449,760
Research Category: Chemistry and Physics of Water
Description:
The transport and growth of microorganisms in the subsurface is of relevance to microbial
ecology in aquifers and sediments and to the in-situ biodegradation of organic contaminants.
In-situ bioremediation (or bioaugmentation) processes have been applied to contaminant sites
that contain aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatics, polycyclic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls
and other organic contaminants. To effectively biodegrade these hazardous chemicals, specific
strains of microorganisms need to be provided in-situ at sufficiently high concentrations. Ideal
conditions for growth and degradation in the subsurface is a challenging task since the metabolic
activity of the cells as measured in fermenters differs significantly from that in a subsurface
environment.
Approach:
A number of studies have been conducted on sand columns to investigate the migration and/or
growth of cells in porous media (Fontes, et al., 1991; Sharma, et al., 1985; Taylor et al.., 1990;
and Vandevivere et al., 1992). Simulating the growth and migration of the cells in a laboratory
environmental is an important step in understanding their behavior in the subsurface. Results
from such a study are an essential starting point for any geochemical modeling of the subsurface
ecology. In an ideal experiment, the pressure drop, flow rate and the cells and nutrient
concentrations in the effluent and influent are monitored as a function of time. This data provides
incomplete information about the transport and growth of the biomass in-situ. Withdrawing a
fluid sample from sampling ports or monitoring the effluent cell concentration is an erroneous
procedure because it ignores the biofilm that may be present on the surfaces of the pores. Indeed
in many instances, biofilm growth is the dominant mechanism by which cell populations
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colonize subsurface environments. There is currently no direct method for monitoring the in-situ
cell concentrations in such experiments. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop a
methodology that will allow us to continuously monitor in-situ cell concentrations in laboratory
experiments conducted to simulate the subsurface environment.
Expected Results:
Our objective in this proposal is to develop such a methodology. A nuclear magnetic resonance
imaging technique is proposed to be developed that will allow us to map in three dimensions the
in-situ distribution of biofilms in porous media. In addition data can be obtained on the evolution
of the fluid velocity distribution with time as biofilm growth occurs. A brief review of NMR
techniques that will be used to locate and identify the cells is provided below. Some preliminary
results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the idea. Finally, the proposed research
tasks are discussed in detail.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/499/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
EPA Grant Number: R822658
Title: Radiation Scattering by Fractal Clusters in Aerosols
Investigators: Vladimir M. Shalaev, George Goedecke
Institution: New Mexico State University
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway,
Project Period: October 15, 1995 through October 14, 1997
Project Amount: $95,461
Research Category: Minority Institutions
Description:
In this project, a theory of radiation extinction and scattering by complex aerosols having fractal
structure is proposed to develop. The proposed research is aimed at building a model of light
scattering for pollution identification and characterization. The effect of radiation scattering by
fractal pollutants on the environment will be also studied in the present project. Specifically, the
following studies are proposed: the resonant and nonresonant scattering and absorption by fractal
clusters in the atmosphere such as smoke, metal aerocolloidal aggregates and some biological
macromolecules and chemical compounds having fractal structure. All these objects are
aggregates of small particles which have combined into sparse random fractal clusters.
The main objective of this project is to develop the fluctuation theory of the scattering by fractal
objects in the atmosphere. Such a new theory will take into account the fractal morphology and
the strong fluctuations associated with the fractality. A renormalization analysis of the field
fluctuations within a cluster will be used to build the theory. The results obtained will be applied
to identification of pollutants having fractal structure.
Approach:
To develop the optics of fractals such as smoke is important for solution of environmental
problems caused by the extinction and scattering from soot clusters lofted into the atmosphere by
diesel engines, industrial stacks and large fires and, in particular, from those produced by
multiple nuclear explosions. Closely connected with these problems is the greenhouse effect.
To study radiation scattering by such complex man-made aerosols as aerocolloidal metal
aggregates, fractal chemical compounds and biological macromolecules is of interest for remote
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detection of airborne chemical and biological agents in the atmosphere. If particles forming a
cluster possess a resonance with a high quality-factor, then localized zones of high fields are
induced in the fractal cluster under the resonant excitation. These "hot" zones are associated with
excitation of collective dipolar eigenmodes which appear to be strongly localized within areas
smaller than the wavelength. The domains of high fields result ultimately in greatly enhanced
scattering. A point of emphasis in the proposed study of the resonant scattering from complex
aerosols will be the fluctuations which play especially important role when exciting the resonant
eigenmodes of fractal pollutants.
Expected Results:
The proposed research is expected to contribute to development of a model for remote
identification and characterization of pollution. Specifically, a comprehensive theory of radiation
scattering and absorption by complex aerosols having irregular chain-like morphology such as
soot clusters and some biological and chemical pollutants will be developed.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations
EPA Grant Number: R822668
Title: Water as Solvent for Metal-Mediated Carbon-Carbon Bond Formations
Investigators: Chao-Jun Li
Institution: Tulane University of Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: August 1, 1997 through July 31,2000
Project Amount: $200,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description;
This award is made to Dr. Chao-Jun Li of the Chemistry Department, Tulane University, for
investigation of carbon-carbon bond formation in water. The award is in the Technology for
Sustainable Environment component of the EPA/NCER Parnership for Environmental Research,
and support is provided by the Organic Synthesis Program and the Office of Multidisciplinary
Activities. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are typically carried out using metal catalysts
in anhydrous organic solvents. In this study, the synthesis of various biologically important
compounds and fine chemicals will be carried out in aqueous medium. The new method will be
more efficient since the number of synthetic steps will be reduced. Additional research to
attempt to make the reaction catalytic is also planned. Metal recovery and recycling from the
aqueous stream will be used to ensure that the new process is environmentally beneficial. The
specific reactions to be investigated include indium-promoted allylations, propargylation-
allenylations, and aldol reactions. Large volumes of organic solvents are used in fine chemical
and pharmaceutical industries for both reactions and product isolation. These solvents must be
recycled or treated by costly methods rather than being expelled into the environment. By
developing alternative synthetic methods using water as a solvent, the disposal problem for
organic solvents can be reduced.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Research during this project period on metal-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation in aqueous
media has led to extend the scope, synthetic potential, and a better understanding of the reaction.
Representative progresses include the following: the study has resulted in the development of a
new ring-expansion method that is useful for the synthesis of medium- and large-ring natural
products. The expansions also include the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. The research
also developed a regio- and diastereoselective propargylation-allenylation reaction in the media.
The reaction has been applied to the synthesis of several biologically important natural products,
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with the synthesis of one anti-tumor natural product (+)-goniofufurone being completed last
year. Several natural products are in satisfactory progress. We also have investigated the
potential use of other metals for the aqueous reaction. This led to the observation of completely
chemoselective allylation and pinacol coupling for aromatic aldehydes by using manganese as
the mediator catalyzed by copper. The research also led to the surprising observation that the
classical Barbier-Grignard reaction with magnesium can proceed in water alone or dry THF, but
not in THF-water. This shed new light on the mechanism and possibility of extending the scope
of this type of reaction. We also have had preliminary success in using electricity as the electron
source for effecting carbon-carbon bond formation in water, in which no metal (stoichiometric or
catalytic) was used (except the inert electrode).
We have explored a variety of other novel organic transformations and syntheses through the use
of water as solvent in our laboratory. Structural transformations through the internal
isomerization of functionalities represent the most economical way of organic transformations.
We have described a novel reaction in which homoallyl alcohols and allyl alcohols undergo
structural reorganization in which both the hydroxyl group and the olefin have been reshuffled in
the presence of a catalytic amount of RuC12(PPh3)3 in water. A novel palladium catalyzed aryl
halide-acetylene gas coupling reaction was developed in water. The catalytic reaction has been
applied to the synthesis of novel photo/electronic materials. In addition, we also have succeeded
in aqueous arylation through a novel rhodium catalyzed reaction in air and water.
In the past 3 years of the support, over 50 journal articles, 1 book, and several book chapters
have been published on work related to the support. In the past 2 years of EPA/NCER support,
12 graduate students, 5 undergraduate students, and 5 postdoctoral fellows have worked on
projects either directly or indirectly related to this project and have benefited from this support.
Eight graduate students have received their Ph.D. and MS degrees during this period on related
research. Currently, most of them are employed in pharmaceutical companies or in chemical
industries in the country.
The study is closely related to the mission of pollution prevention in several aspects: using water
as solvent that is nonpolluting for chemical synthesis; saving synthetic steps by avoiding many
protection and deprotection processes that contribute to overall synthetic efficiency and a
reduction in solvent emission (i.e., in product separation); developing methods with metal being
catalytic, recovered, and recycled in-process so that no burden is put on the treatment of aqueous
waste; the aqueous reaction is generally more selective in product formation than its counterpart
in organic solvent; the aqueous reaction is energy-efficient for using ambient temperature
compared to similar reactions in organic solvent using a severely low temperature (e.g., lithium
reagent); and the reaction is readily applicable to large-scale manufacturing that, as a result, will
help to reduce negative impacts on health and the environment. The present project provides the
foundation for catalytic process in water by in-house recycling production systems that will
minimize the environmental impact of chemical manufacturing as well as save the resources.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/970/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, Final
Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A Waste-to-Useful Fuel
Conversion
EPA Grant Number: R823179
Title: Novel Approach to Detoxification of Polychlorinated Solvents A Waste-to-Usefiil Fuel
Conversion
Investigators: Richard B. Timmons
Institution: University of Texas at Arlington
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: October 1,1995 through September 1,1998
Project Amount: $303,082
Research Category: Engineering
Description:
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the utility of a heterogeneous catalytic
hydrodechlorination process as a viable disposal route for hazardous chlorinated waste liquids.
In contrast with the numerous catalytic oxidation and combustion studies of chlorinated waste
destruction, there have been few investigations of reductive processes as an alternate route to
detoxification of these materials. Most importantly, the proposed hydrodechlorination process
would lead to useful hydrocarbons and HC1 as reaction products. This can be contrasted with
typical oxidative processes which are known to produce a wide range of undesirable by-products
including, in some cases, potential carcinogenic compounds (such as furans and dioxins). The
chemical thermodynamics for these proposed hydrodechlorination processes are extremely
favorable, including conversion of heavily polychlorinated molecules, as driven mainly by the
large, negative free energy of formation of HC1.
Approach:
The current project is predicated on preliminary data, from our laboratory, in which complete
catalytic hydrodechlorination has been demonstrated with several of the most commonly used
industrial chlorinated solvents. However, despite favorable thermodynamic considerations,
undesirable chemical kinetic factors led to slow coking of the catalyst and, ultimately, to catalyst
deactivation. Thus, a primary focus of the present project is to improve significantly catalyst
activity and longevity for these hydrodechlorination processes. To achieve this goal, systematic
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evaluation of a wide range of potential catalyst materials will be conducted. In particular, the
work centers on preparation and evaluation of selected bifunctional catalysts in which active
hydrogenolysis metals (e.g., Ni, Pt, etc.) are supported on materials which are known to provide
good resistance to coking (e.g., small pore shape selective zeolites). These catalyst evaluation
studies are accompanied by detailed catalyst characterization, including in situ spectroscopic
analysis of the hydrodechlorination reaction processes.
Expected Results:
In this way, the current detailed microscopic level exploratory research work will hopefully lead
to the identification of a specific catalyst formulation which is sufficiently promising for future,
much larger scale, conversion experiments.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/664/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetaiiyabstract/664/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
EPA Grant Number: R823209
Title: Physiological Effects of Pollutants in the Bottlenose Dolphin
Investigators: David L. Busbee
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: January 1, 1996 through December 31, 1998
Project Amount: $416,564
Research Category: Environmental Biology
Description:
The estuarine and near shore waters of industrialized and agricultural areas are contaminated
with a mixture of pollutants, including halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAH), aromatic
hydrocarbons (AH), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Among these are a number of
toxic and/or carcinogenic chemicals that are known to stimulate a variety of adverse responses in
man and laboratory animals, including weight loss, dermal lesions, thymic atrophy, immune
system dysfunction, and cell transformation.
Approach:
This proposal plans to evaluate some of the physiological and biochemical responses to HAH,
AH and PAH in tissues of bottlenose dolphins from heavily polluted areas of the Texas Gulf
Coast. Control animals for this study will be resident dolphins maintained at the US Naval
Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center (NCCOSC, RTD&E Div, NRAD), in San
Diego. Test animals will include dolphins that strand on the Texas coast and are studied in an
ongoing Marine Mammal Research Program at Texas A&M University. Control animals will
provide blood samples and skin biopsies. From these we will obtain blood serum, peripheral
blood lymphocytes, skin keratinocytes and subdermal blubber. In addition, stranded animals that
die will provide a source of liver that will be taken when it can be obtained immediately after
death, and large quantities of skin and blubber for extensive examinations and for methods
development. Chemical residue levels and specific residue compositions will be determined on
blubber samples. Mitogen-initiated blastogenesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and
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immunoglobulin levels in serum of control animals will be determined as measures of normal
immune system function. Hydrocarbon-DNA adduct levels will be assessed in epidermal
keratinocytes, hepatocytes (when possible), and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Capacity to
repair DNA damage will be evaluated in keratinocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Cytochrome P450 induction capacity and the capacity to metabolize reference chemicals will be
determined in fresh and cultured epithelial cells.
Expected Results:
The approach is to initiate development of a dolphin CYP1A1 cDNA which will be used for
probe development and will be cloned into a baculovirus expression system to obtain pure
protein for hybridoma and monoclonal anti-dolphin CYP1A1 IgG generation. Simultaneously,
cytochrome P450s isolated from liver samples will be purified to isozyme levels and used to
generate monoclonal or polyclonal IgG specific to dolphin CYP1A1. This investigation will
provide data for the determination of how dolphins react to hydrocarbon pollutants. This could
provide a basis for the development of regulatory guidelines and policies governing the tolerance
levels for chronic chemical exposure in marine mammals.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
EPA Grant Number: R823335
Title: VOC Emissions from Sewers Process Drains and Drop Structures
Investigators: Richard L. Corsi
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 1,1998
Project Amount: $271,896
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
As a result of the Clean Air Act of 1990, several industries are required to estimate emissions of
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from on-site industrial sewers, and to control such emissions
where appropriate. However, existing methods for estimating HAP emissions from sewer
components are either non-existent or characterized by a high degree of uncertainty. The purpose
of this project is to conduct a series of experiments to better understand the mechanistic behavior
of HAP emissions from industrial process drains and sewer drop structures. Experimental data
will be used to determine fundamental mass transfer parameters, with subsequent use of those
parameters in a state-of-the-art computational model that will also be developed as part of this
study.
Approach:
Experimental studies will be completed in two separate phases. Phase I will involve the
construction and application of an industrial drain simulator housed in an environmental
chamber. A cocktail of five volatile HAP surrogates will be used to determine HAP stripping
efficiencies and mass transfer coefficients over a wide range of chemical properties, fluid
properties, and environmental conditions, e.g., temperature and wind. Experiments will be
further divided into process drains with and without water seals.
Phase II experiments will involve the construction and use of an industrial drop simulator. The
same cocktail of volatile tracers will be used to study HAP stripping efficiencies and mass
transfer coefficients. A wide range of drop operating conditions will be studied, with particular
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attention given to correlating HAP mass transfer coefficients to power input, and HAP stripping
efficiencies to oxygen transfer. Specific mechanisms of mass transfer, e.g., stripping by entrained
air versus volatilization from a falling water film, will also be investigated.
The model that results from this study will allow both industry and the regulatory communities
to develop improved HAP emissions estimates for specific industrial facilities or sectors. The
mechanistic nature of the model will also be valuable for investigating passive control strategies
that suppress HAP emissions.
Expected Results:
The results of the study would: 1) assist EPA in the development of industry-specific NESHAPs,
2) provide the ability to routinely and accurately estimate VOC emissions from municipal and
industrial wastewater, and 3) control VOC emissions by use of (hopefully) minor process
changes to suppress gas-liquid mass transfer.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/667/report/1998
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/667/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal Population An
Innovative Microbial Delivery System and Oil-Absorbing Natural Material
EPA Grant Number: R823347
Title: Optimization of Oil Biodegradation by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal Population An
Innovative Microbial Delivery System and Oil-Absorbing Natural Material
Investigators: Raul G. Cuero
Institution: Prairie View A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through August 1, 1997
Project Amount: $131,617
Research Category: Minority Institutions
Description:
The objective of this project is to develop and optimize a method for biodegradation of
oil-contaminated soils under laboratory and pilot scale composting conditions, and in liquids by
using mixed microbial population from different taxa, a microbial delivery system, and a natural
oil-absorbent.
Approach:
The experimental approach is to use several microbial strains from different taxa with
oil-biodegrading characteristics along with an innovative microbial delivery system (chitosan) to
assure continued microbial cometabolic action in a composting system. A natural, safe, oil
absorbent (kenaf core, and/or oat micro-particles) will also be used to enhance
oil-biodegradation in both compost and liquid conditions. Diatomaceous earth (DE) or bentonite
will be applied to improve porosity and stability during composting. The method will be
developed: 1) in a set of PVC columns for initial testing on oil-contaminated soil; and 2) in a
chemostat for testing of the method on oil-contaminated liquids and for testing microbial
survival. Rate of soil degradation, total oil degradation, total oil degradation, oil biodegradation
intermediates. CO2 production, determination of presence of alkene and alkine, total microbial
viable count (TVC), and most probable number (MPN). Gravimetric total petroleum
hydrocarbon analysis (APHA et al., 1992) will be carried out. Glass chemostats will be used to
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monitor the microbial growth when subjected to crude oil, and to determine presence of
biodegradation-mediated enzymes (e.g., oxygenase, dehalogenase, etc., [Dagley, 1971]).
Expected Results:
The results of these experiments will provide the information required to systematically identify
reliable parameters for developing a kit to assess a given oil-contaminated area in a particular
time, and also for modeling of the process.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
EPA Grant Number: R824029
Title: Quantitation of Heavy Metals by Immunoassay
Investigators: Diane A. Blake
Institution: Tulane University of Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through August 31, 1998
Project Amount: $381,920
Research Category: Chemistry and Physics of Water
Description:
The purpose of this project is to develop immunoassay techniques for the measurement of heavy
metal contamination in environmental samples. Immunoassays offer significant advantages over
more traditional methods of metal ion analysis; they are quick, inexpensive, simple to perform,
and sufficiently portable to be used at the site of contamination. At present, however,
immunochemical-based detection of metals is limited by the very small number of antibodies
that recognize specific metal ions. Studies during the project period will be directed towards
isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies that recognize chelated forms of
cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc. These antibodies will subsequently be used to construct and
optimize immunoassays for specific heavy metals in ambient water and soil samples.
Approach:
Bifunctional derivatives of metal ion chelators (EDTA, DTPA, DOT A) will be covalently
conjugated to proteins and loaded with the desired metal ion. These conjugates will be used to
prepare hybridoma cell lines which synthesize metal-specific monoclonal antibodies. The ability
of these monoclonal antibodies to recognize specific metals in metal-chelate complexes will be
assessed, and those antibodies with appropriate binding properties will be used to construct
metal ion immunoassays. In previous EPA-supported studies, our laboratory developed a
prototype immunoassay that reliably measured the heavy metal indium at concentrations from
0.005 ppb to 320 ppm (Anal. Biochem. (1994) 217:70-75); similar performance characteristics
are expected from new metal ion immunoassays.
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Expected Results:
Sample analysis is one of the major expenses in the remediation of a contaminated site, and
studies have shown that the use of immunoassays can reduce analysis costs by 50% or more,
when compared to off-site analysis by more standard techniques. The availability of
immunoassays for specific metal ions will lower analysis costs and provide a useful adjunct to
more traditional methods of metal analysis.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/506/report/1998
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/506/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997, Final
How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
EPA Grant Number: R824310
Title: How People Respond to Contingent Valuation Questions
Investigators: John W. Payne, William H. Desvouges, David A. Schkade
Institution: Duke University , Research Triangle Institute , University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through April 30, 1998
Project Amount: $238,510
Research Category: Valuation and Environmental Policy
Description:
The purpose of the project is to understand better how individuals interpret and respond to
contingent valuation (CV) questions. The research will address three issues: the reliability of the
referendum questions format, the importance of reminding respondents about substitutes, and the
sensitivity of CV estimates of the scope of potential natural resource injuries.
Approach:
An interdisciplinary team of economists and psychologists will direct the research. A verbal
protocol methodology adapted from the field of cognitive psychology will be used to provide
insights into thought processes that lead to observed CV response. These protocols involve the
process of respondents "thinking aloud" while they answer the CV questions. This process yields
insights on both the decision process that people use to answer questions and the information
they use as part of the decision process. Protocols will follow a research design that will enable
the results to be useful for both hypothesis testing and developing more general insights about
people's response patterns.
Expected Results:
Surveys will be used to further test the findings of the verbal protocol research.
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Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display,abstractDetail/abstract/80/report/1997
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/80/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1997
Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
EPA Grant Number: R824679
Title: Preference Formation and Elicitation in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Investigators: David S. Brookshire, Robert Berrens, Philip Ganderton,
Michael McKee, Hank Jenkins, Hillard Kaplan,
Institution: University of New Mexico - Main Campus
EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1997
Project Amount: $184,998
Research Category: Valuation and Environmental Policy
Description:
The general research objective of this interdisciplinary project is to investigate the interaction
between value formation and value elicitation. The basic premise is that an understanding of how
individuals form environmental values (e.g., purchase versus contribution model) cannot be
decoupled from the value statement problem and the choice of elicitation mechanism. The
corollary premise is that social context is an important, but relatively unexplored, determinant of
both value formation and value statement.
Social context effects may be at work at both a larger level (in the attitudes and beliefs of
respondents concerning particular environmental policies) and within the highly structured stated
preference communication process. Once recognized, a variety of testable hypotheses can be
generated. It is hypothesized that the multi-dimensional nature of many environmental policies
may generate both positive and negative passive use values, that there may be significant social
desirability response effects for some environmental policy changes, and that the relative
magnitude of these effects may be influenced by individual characteristics, attitudes, and the
methods employed for eliciting values. Likewise, it is hypothesized that nonresponse and protest
response behavior may be influenced by individual characteristics, attitudes, and the elicitation
mechanism.
Approach:
The methods to be employed in this research will include a unique combination and sequencing
of field surveys and laboratory experiments. The field research will be a series of telephone
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surveys, with some sample treatments augmented by informational mailings, to address valuation
questions and to collect detailed demographic and attitudinal information. The field research will
be integrated with a series of laboratory experiments on public goods provision. Both field
research and lab experiments yield unique insights (the richness and variability of field data
versus the highly controlled nature of the lab). The structure of this research is designed to
combine these insights. For example, a comparison of actual versus hypothetical payment for an
environmental public good will be made in the lab and validated against the econometric
estimates of stated preferences in the field. The application of these methods will be targeted to
environmental issues of southwestern ecosystems. While not tied to a particular policy case, the
focus on protection of riparian areas and instream flows, and ecological restoration of rangelands
will provide general policy relevance. Pilot studies have been initiated on these topics, and will
be complemented by a set of focus groups to identify all important dimensions of the
environmental goods.
Expected Results:
The results of this research will aid in the assessment of current stated preference methods and
guidelines, and expand the knowledge of the interaction between value formation and value
elicitation. Improved understanding of social context will provide a clear advancement in the use
and design of stated preference approaches. Important incremental gains will also be provided by
empirical vajidation of the multidimensional nature of environmental values, identification of the
presence and relative magnitude of social desirability effects, and the characterization and
treatment of nonresponse and protest behavior.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/146/report/1997
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
EPA Grant Number: R824740
Title: A Framework to Compare Polices for Source Reduction
Investigators: Don Fullerton
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1997
Project Amount: $88,784
Research Category: Incentives and Impediments to Pollution Prevention
Description and Approach:
The purpose of this project is to build a single analytical general equilibrium model of the U.S.
economy for use in comparing alternative polices for source reduction or "green design." The
model encompasses the entire life-cycle of a product including design, production, packaging,
sale, consumption, and disposal. It also encompasses market clearing at each of these phases, and
the possibility of negative externalities from disposal. Thus, if consumers had to pay for the full
social cost of disposal of each item, then they would demand goods with less packaging and with
recyclable designs. Since consumers generally do not pay a price per bag of curbside garbage
disposal, however, any particular item can be discarded for free. Producers then are not induced
to sell goods with less packaging or more recyclable designs. The same model can then be used
to solve for policies directed at firms that would equivalently reduce packaging and increase
recyclability.
Expected Results:
This model will be extended to a second-best framework, with pre-existing labor taxes and other
distortions, to see how these policies for green design can simultaneously address environmental
problems and revenue needs.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/621/report/F
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^ '-—* =
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997, Final
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The Management of Environmentally
Conscious Technological Innovation Under Alternative Market Conditions
EPA Grant Number: R824748
Title: Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: The Management of
Environmentally Conscious Technological Innovation Under Alternative Market Conditions
Investigators: Mark Sharfman, Mark Meo, Rex Ellington
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1997
Project Amount: $244,955
Research Category: Incentives and Impediments to Pollution Prevention
Description:
The goals of this research are to advance our theoretical understanding of the development and
adoption/diffusion of environmentally conscious, or "green," technological innovation in order to
improve technology management in the firm, as well as increase the likelihood that firms will be
able to successfully adopt these innovations. The specific thrust of the research is to explore the
strategic, organizational, and innovation implications of different environmental regulatory
regimes on corporations through case-study analysis and survey research. A theoretical
framework using learning and institutional theory has been developed will be used as the basis of
the study.
Approach:
We will conduct an in-depth examination of the management of environmentally conscious
technological innovation at E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, which has agreed to serve
as the corporate partner in this effort. The results from the in-depth analysis of E. I. du Pont de
Nemours and Company will be used to develop a survey instrument that will be administered
using multiple respondents to a sample of other manufacturers who have made environmental
management a major priority. Through this multiple respondent survey, we hope to generalize
our results to a larger, more representative group of firms.
The objectives of the research elements to reach the goals are to: 1) refine our theoretical
framework that explains the management of technological innovation when subject to different
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levels of environmental regulation; 2) conduct several case studies of environmentally conscious
technological innovations at Du Pont and Conoco that explore the relative influence of
environmental regulation on innovation. Case studies will be undertaken in areas that range from
a high level of environmental regulation (e.g., CFC substitutes and reformulated gasoline), to
areas subject to a lower level of regulation (e.g., polymers, fibers); 3) refine the theoretical
framework through in-depth interviews at Du Pont facilities and test the theory through survey
data collection at Du Pont, its customers, its regulators, and its suppliers; 4) further refine the
survey instrument based on the results of the first survey and administer it to a broad sample of
manufacturers for whom environmental management is a stated priority; and 5) develop a
management tool that can be used by corporate decision makers as a guide for practical
management of innovation that is subject to environmental regulation.
Expected Results:
The expected outputs of the study will be case studies of environmentally friendly technological
applications, a decision tool with which managers can improve their environmentally friendly
technological innovation efforts and scholarly articles describing the tests of the model discussed
above. The study has been designed to yield results that both improve the practice of
environmentally friendly technological innovation and to extend our knowledge of the
theoretical issues involved.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/632/report/1997
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/632/report/F
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Qcionco co Ac*)ioro
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
EPA Grant Number: R824759
Title: Virulence Factors in Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Investigators: Herbert L. DuPont, Cynthia L. Chappell, Charles R. Sterling, Pablo C. Okhuysen
Institution: University of Texas at Houston , University of Texas Health Science Center-
Houston
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30,1998
Project Amount: $829,551
Research Category: Human Health Risk Assessment
Description:
The purpose of this project is to determine if isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum derived from
different hosts and geographic regions differ in virulence. Virulence will be evaluated in vitro by
genetic, biochemical and immunological markers and in vivo by mouse infectivity. The
infectious dose for humans will be tested in healthy adult volunteers by using isolates that have
shown differences in one or more of the laboratory analyses. In addition to establishing an
infectious dose (ID50) for each isolate, the cellular and humoral immune responses from each
volunteer will be examined. These laboratory and volunteer model studies will reveal the
capacity of various isolates to cause infection and disease in humans and to relate those
differences to one or more laboratory parameters, thus providing a convenient marker of C.
parvum pathogenicity. Also, understanding both the common and unique responses involved in
the control (clearance) of the infection will allow a rational approach to diagnosis and to the
selection of potential candidate antigens for vaccine development.
Conclusions:
1. Cryptosporidium parvum genotype 2 oocysts vary widely in their ability to cause infection
and illness in healthy persons.
2. Overall, after exposure about 24 percent of infected persons shed oocysts without having a
diarrheal illness. Potentially, these individuals would likely be responsible for secondary
transmission, especially in non-household settings.
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3. Persons who have serological evidence of prior infection (i.e., anti-C. parvum IgG) are
relatively resistant to re-infection with low numbers of oocysts, as would be encountered in
water sources. However, those who do become infected and develop diarrhea often experience a
more severe illness than naive persons.
4. Specific fecal IgA was associated with oocyst shedding and challenge dose in seronegative
volunteers exposed to Cryptosporidium ostensibly for the first time. In contrast, none of these
individuals developed serum IgG.
5. Serum IgG was detected in 33 percent of individuals re-exposed to Cryptosporidium oocysts,
indicating two or more exposures may be necessary to stimulate a detectable level of specific
serum IgG.
6. Serum IgG levels in the "low detectable" range were increased after a subsequent exposure to
Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/866/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
EPA Grant Number: R824770
Title: Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
Investigators: Stanley B. Grant
Institution: University of California - Irvine , Baylor College of Medicine
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through August 1, 1996
Project Amount: $230,000
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
Many outbreaks of gastroenteritis occur in the U.S. and these are often caused by waterborne or
foodborae transmission of Norwalk virus (NV). Some of these outbreaks can be traced to the
contamination of groundwater supplies by inadequate filtration of sewage effluent from private
or community septic tank systems. To limit the spread of microbial pathogens through
groundwater, the U.S. EPA has proposed a new set of rules under the 1996 reauthorization of the
Safe Drinking Water Act that would require public water systems to disinfect source water from
each groundwater well unless "natural disinfection" can be demonstrated or a variance can be
obtained. With respect to NV, however, the efficacy of these proposed rules is questionable
because the environmental variables that control the "natural disinfection" of this particular viral
pathogen in subsurface systems are largely unknown.
Approach:
We are utilizing recombinant Norwalk virus (rNV) particles as a model system to overcome the
long-standing barrier to conducting filtration experiments with NV. These particles are produced
by a molecular biology procedure in which the gene for the single structural protein for NV is
cloned into a baculovirus expression system. When the recombinant capsid protein is expressed,
it spontaneously self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically and
antigenically identical to the native Norwalk virus. The resulting rNV VLPs differ from live NV
in only one known but important respect: they lack the genetic material (in particular, RNA)
necessary for replication in the host. Thus, while the rNV VLPs "look" like a real Norwalk virus,
they are harmless protein particles that cannot initiate infection in humans. The idea behind the
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current project is to utilize these rNV VLPs, which were originally developed for a new human
vaccine, to investigate the natural removal of Norwalk virus in groundwater by physicochemical
filtration.
Expected Results:
In the first year of this project, we have completed a set of experiments examining the influence
of pore water pH on the surface charge of the rNV VLPs and their filtration rates in packed beds
of quartz sand (manuscript submitted for publication). These initial results suggest that pore
water pH may be the most important factor in determining the capacity of groundwater systems
to provide "natural disinfection" by physicochemical filtration. Ultimately, the rNV VLPs could
lead to new approaches for establishing set-back distances between groundwater wells and
potential sources of viral pathogens (like groundwater recharge basins and septic tanks) and for
assessing the degree to which water contaminated with human waste is "naturally disinfected" by
percolation through the subsurface matrix.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://c^)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/856/report/1998
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.ah.stractDetail/abstract/856/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
EPA Grant Number: R824775
Title: Norwalk Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) for Studying Natural Groundwater Disinfection
Investigators: Stanley B. Grant, Mary K. Estes
Institution: University of California - Irvine
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through August 1, 1996
Project Amount: $230,000
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
Many outbreaks of gastroenteritis occur in the U.S. and these are often caused by waterborne or
foodborne transmission of Norwalk virus (NV). Some of these outbreaks can be traced to the
contamination of groundwater supplies by inadequate filtration of sewage effluent from private
or community septic tank systems. To limit the spread of microbial pathogens through
groundwater, the U.S. EPA has proposed a new set of rules under the 1996 reauthorization of the
Safe Drinking Water Act that would require public water systems to disinfect source water from
each groundwater well unless "natural disinfection" can be demonstrated or a variance can be
obtained. With respect to NV, however, the efficacy of these proposed rules is questionable
because the environmental variables that control the "natural disinfection" of this particular viral
pathogen in subsurface systems are largely unknown.
Approach:
We are utilizing recombinant Norwalk virus (rNV) particles as a model system to overcome the
long-standing barrier to conducting filtration experiments with NV. These particles are produced
by a molecular biology procedure in which the gene for the single structural protein for NV is
cloned into a baculovirus expression system. When the recombinant capsid protein is expressed,
it spontaneously self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are morphologically and
antigenically identical to the native Norwalk virus. The resulting rNV VLPs differ from live NV
in only one known but important respect: they lack the genetic material (in particular, RNA)
necessary for replication in the host. Thus, while the rNV VLPs "look" like a real Norwalk virus,
they are harmless protein particles that cannot initiate infection in humans. The idea behind the
-------
current project is to utilize these rNV VLPs, which were originally developed for a new human
vaccine, to investigate the natural removal of Norwalk virus in groundwater by physicochemical
filtration.
Expected Results:
In the first year of this project, we have completed a set of experiments examining the influence
of pore water pH on the surface charge of the rNV VLPs and their filtration rates in packed beds
of quartz sand (manuscript submitted for publication). These initial results suggest that pore
water pH may be the most important factor in determining the capacity of groundwater systems
to provide "natural disinfection" by physicochemical filtration. Ultimately, the rNV VLPs could
lead to new approaches for establishing set-back distances between groundwater wells and
potential sources of viral pathogens (like groundwater recharge basins and septic tanks) and for
assessing the degree to which water contaminated with human waste is "naturally disinfected" by
percolation through the subsurface matrix.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/601/report/1998
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/601/report/F
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Qcaoncet to Ac^tovo
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo Basin
EPA Grant Number: R824799
Title: Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational Lower Rio Grande/Bravo Basin
Investigators: Jurgen Schmandt, Ismael Aguilar Barajas, Daniel J. Sisbarro
Institution: Houston Advanced Research Center
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: November 1, 1995 through January 1, 1998
Project Amount: $400,000
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
In its 1994 Regional Assessment of Water Quality in the Rio Grande Basin, the Texas Natural
Resource Conservation Commission made two recommendations for further research and policy
development: 1) an improved understanding of water issues as they relate to the binational
border dynamic and 2) development of lasting links across the U.S.-Mexico border. The project
unites critical information on water, population, economics, and ecology in an approach that will
assist managers and policy decision makers to plan for sustainable management of the binational
watershed. The objectives are:
(1) To develop, compare and integrate reliable, comparable watershed-based data sets for the
Lower Rio Grande/Rio Bravo Basin.
(2) To analyze water resource issues as critical factors for achieving sustainable development in
this type of watershed, and
(3)To engage researchers, policymakers, and the civic community to help answer the questions,
"What is needed to make development in the binational watershed more sustainable? And how
will we get there?"
Approach:
The project takes a "civic research" approach, integrating data and knowledge from the
binational task force of experts and from the broader civic community. We pair Mexican and
U.S. researchers to compile and examine data in the areas of: water supply, including quantity
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and quality; water demands from municipal, industrial, agricultural and ecological users; water
management and institutions; instream habitat; and population and socioeconomic growth.
Expected Results:
Findings from our analyses will be used to design a series of community-based surveys and two
workshops. The surveys will be conducted by graduate students at the University of Texas and
ITESM. These are expected to gather insights into the community's concerns about perceived
threats, risks, and opportunities related to water and development in the watershed. The task
force will then integrate the survey and science findings in a report which will highlight water
and development trends and will recommend actions to be taken to improve the conditions for
balancing water and sustainable development needs in the watershed. The task force will also
develop a number of future scenarios for the years 2010 and 2030, including drought conditions
and sustainable development.
Progress:
As the task force began developing their baseline scenarios for water supply and demand, water
quality, water management, socioeconomic factors, and ecology, we determined that we will
need more extensive analyses of agriculture, tributaries, and groundwater. In addition, we also
need to include a greater diversity of participants in the workshops. The GIS team has produced
preliminary maps for the research project, however, there are large gaps in data availability and
reliability on the Mexican side. The surveys are stimulating great interest locally because they
depart from traditional research methods and people enjoy involvement. The binational task
force will meet in February to discuss baseline scenarios. The first future scenario, drought
conditions, will be explored in 1997. The first workshop will also be held in 1997, involving
civic leaders, water managers, non-profit organizations, and the private sector to rank threats and
risks to water and development in the watershed.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cQ3ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/857/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by
Climate Change
EPA Grant Number: R824801
Title: Alterations of Water Availability, Water Quality and Fish Habitats in Cold Regions by
Climate Change
Investigators: Heinz G. Stefan, Xing Fang
Institution: University of Minnesota, Lamar University - Beaumont
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: October 1, 1995 through September 30, 1998
Project Amount: $300,000
Research Category: Global Climate Change
Description:
The project goal is to develop and apply computational simulation methods which link
hydrology, water quality and fish habitat in lakes and streams to climate conditions. Cold regions
and their migration to higher latitudes or altitudes under climate warming are the regional focus
of this research. Projected climate warming is expected to have a particularly strong impact on
ecosystems and aquatic resources in cold regions, particularly water availability and fisheries.
Approach:
The systematic method of approach has been developed. Water quality is simulated by
deterministic, process-oriented, unsteady models. Criteria for fish response to water quality are
then used to determine habitat volume or area and fish productivity. The methodology is being
extended to winter simulations, i.e., low temperature tolerance criteria for fishes and related
ecosystem components. Validation and application is necessary to project changes subsequent to
potential global climate change, for example, shifts in fish habitats, the potential for invasion of
warmwater fishes into these habitats, the changes in ice conditions, etc.
Progress:
Preliminary results include development of an ice cover submodel which is used in a lake water
quality model to project climate change effects on lakes, especially small lakes with surface
areas up to 10 km2 and depths up to 24m in the cold regions of the contiguous United States.
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The two main parameters studied are lake water temperature (T) and dissolved oxygen (DO)
concentration, which are most directly influenced by climate and which in turn have much
influence on aquatic lifeforms, water quality, and water uses. Information will be obtained on
evaporative water losses from lakes, ice covers on lakes, and sediment temperatures below lakes.
The basic simulation results are 19-year averages of daily water temperatures and DO profiles in
lakes, ice thicknesses, evaporative water losses, sediment temperatures, etc. From those results
more easily interpretable and useful parameters were extracted, e.g., duration of ice cover, water
temperature maxima and minima, DO maxima and minima both at the surface and the bottom of
a lake. They were related to three independent lake parameters: surface area, maximum depth,
and Secchi depth. Maps of the U.S. giving the geographic distribution of each dependent lake
parameter were then prepared.
To include climate change effects in the watershed into lake models, the relationship between
runoff and climate in two small watersheds in the mid-continental U.S. is being examined. A
parametric runoff model has been developed and applied to two watersheds with substantially
different climates. For streams the watershed input makes the climate effect more difficult to
capture. Mean monthly stream runoff can be simulated well, if four calibration parameters are
used for the watershed. Stream temperatures are well correlated with air temperatures at the
monthly and weekly timescales.
Through modeling we can quantify how aquatic systems respond to climate, particularly winter
changes. The results include, but are not limited to information on cold region lake quality
characteristics, streamflows and stream temperatures, periods and thicknesses of ice covers. The
results so far show that one can model climate effects on significant lake water quality
parameters. Overall the results indicate that simulations can proceed to fish habitat and water
availability estimates.
In the next steps, the lake simulations need to be validated in one or two other regions, and then
the 2xCO2 climate scenario needs to be applied at the continental scale. The fish habitat
parameters need to be extracted from the temperature and DO simulation results. Upper thermal
tolerance criteria need to be applied for coldwater and coolwater fish species. Lower thermal
tolerance criteria need to be developed for warmwater fish species.
Expected Results:
In the final analysis, the responses to the lxCO2 (past) and 2xCO2 climate scenario can be
compared and an assessment of potential climate change effects can be given.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/123/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
EPA Grant Number: R824875
Title: Reversible Inactivation of Viruses in Groundwater
Investigators: Maria E. Alvarez, Surresh Pillai
Institution: El Paso Community College , Texas A&M Agricultural Research and Extension
Center
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: September 15, 1996 through September 14,1998
Project Amount: $176,939
Research Category: Minority Institutions
Description:
Viral contamination of surface and groundwater is a potential problem along the U.S.-Mexico
Border, which deserves to be studied in detail using a variety of approaches. Mexican border
communities lacking sewage treatment plants discharge untreated sewage into the Rio Grande.
Also, the existence of "colonias" lacking potable water and sewage facilities on both sides of the
border contributes to the possibility of fecal contamination of groundwater. Since the U.S.-
Mexico Border area share their water supplies, an accurate assessment of the extent of viral
contamination from fecal origin is of paramount importance. Preliminary data indicates that
viruses can exist in groundwater in a state that could be referred to as reversibly inactivated. The
existence of such viral particles can lead to underestimation of viral numbers since changes in
environmental conditions like temperature, pH, ionic composition, or chemical discharges form
maquiladora plants from other sources could lead to viral reactivation. Although information
exists on the inactivation kinetics of a variety of viruses in surface and groundwater, to
understand the nature of viral reactivation is vital to determine the mechanisms of viral
inactivation in water a the molecular level.
Approach:
The specific objectives of the proposed project will be: 1) to determine the mechanisms of
inactivation of model viruses like MS2 coiiphage and poliovirus type 1 in groundwater by
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correlating percent inactivation values with structural and compositional changes associated with
the viral capsid and/or RNA; and 2) to determine whether the viral particles that have entered the
reversibly-inactivated state could become infectious and to identify environmental factors such
as temperature, pH and ionic composition that could promote or retard the process.
Expected Results:
Data on viral inactivation/reaction mechanisms and the environmental factors that affect these
phenomena will help explain the contradictory results found in the literature on the efficiency of
disinfection procedures on a variety of viruses like HIV and Hepatitis A, and will provide
guidelines for the development of more effective methods for detection and enumeration of viral
contaminants found in natural and treated water systems.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, 2000, Final
Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of Climate on Crop
Production and Regional Economics in the Southeastern U.S.
EPA Grant Number: R824997
Title: Sensitivity Analysis of the Effect of Changes in Mean and Variability of Climate on Crop
Production and Regional Economics in the Southeastern U.S.
Investigators: Linda Mearns, R. Katz, S. Thompson, R. Adams, B. McCarl, B. Easterling, G.
Carbone
Institution: National Center for Atmospheric Research , Oregon State University, Texas A
& M University , University of Nebraska at Lincoln
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: November 1, 1996 through October 31, 1999
Project Amount: $1,200,901
Research Category: Ecological Restoration
Description:
This project investigates the effects of changes in interannual (and daily) climatic variability
(including changes in ENSO event frequency and persistence), on crop production in the
Southeastern U. S. The investigators will also determine the difference in crop response to two
different types of future climate?one from a control and doubled CO2 experiment of a high
resolution regional climate model; and another based on the results of a fully coupled transient
experiment of the GENESIS climate model.
Approach:
The project will combine stochastic modeling of interannual climate variability, transient GCM
modeling, high resolution regional climate modeling, application of crop models, and regional
economic modeling. This work will build on a regional modeling study that is currently
underway, funded by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, whereby high resolution
(approx. 50 km) control and doubled C02 runs will be produced. These runs will be used as a
baseline climate scenario and apply them to crop models (i.e., CERES and CROPGRO family of
models). Two types of scenarios will be developed from these runs: one including only mean
changes in the relevant climate variables and another including both mean and daily variability
changes.
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The investigators will also construct guided sensitivity studies of changes in the frequency of El
Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events relevant to the
region, through examination of both indications of past changes in ENSO events and the most
recent results of coupled climate model transient experiments. These changes will be
stochastically simulated and applied to the crop models. The investigators will also use the
detailed results of a soon to be completed transient run directly to form an additional scenario.
Statistical downscaling techniques will be used to create higher resolution as well as more
reliabel results from the GCM. Resulting changes in yield from the different scenarios will
provide input to an agricultural sector economic model for evaluation of economic sensitvity to
the different sets of yield changes.
Expected Results:
The results of this project will provide valuable information on the possbile sensitivity of
agriculture in the Southeastern region of the United States to a range of possible climate changes,
and ultimately the sensitivity of the regional economy to these perturbations in agricultural
production.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/239/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/239/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/239/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997, 1999, Final
Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and Biodiversity in the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
EPA Grant Number: R825155
Title: Modeling Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Montane Meadows and Biodiversity in the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem
Investigators: Diane Debinski, Mark Jakubauskas, Kelly Kindscher
Institution: Iowa State University , University of Kansas Main Campus , University of
Oklahoma Norman Campus
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1999
Project Amount: $709,640
Research Category: Ecological Restoration
Description:
Understanding the factors which control the spatial distribution of biological diversity requires
an intimate knowledge of the interaction between a landscape's composition and its
physiognomic arrangement. We propose to model ecological dynamics in the Greater
Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), concentrating specifically upon the spatial and temporal
dynamics of montane meadow communities. Furthermore, we will examine the effects of this
habitat variability upon plant, bird and butterfly biodiversity. The GYE is an excellent area for
assessment of environmental change because it is one of the largest intact ecosystems in the
continental U.S. and is as pristine a site as can be found in the lower 48 states.
This research project is part of an ongoing effort that began in 1993. Our long-term goal was to
develop predictive species assemblage models based upon landscape level habitat analysis. This
involved using intensive, local field sampling to test for relationships between species
distribution patterns and remotely sensed data. Statistically significant relationships were found
between remotely sensed data and a large number of plant and animal species in the northern
GYE. Our next goal is to test the predictability of our models at different spatial scales and in a
region that is 200 miles south. Specifically our objectives are to: 1) quantify the spatial and
temporal variability in montane meadow communities; 2) develop a spectrally-based spatially-
explicit model for predicting plant and animal species diversity patterns in montane meadows;
and 3) test the spectrally-based spatially-explicit model for predicting plant and animal species
diversity patterns in montane meadows.
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Montane meadow communities can function as early indicators of change because they are
highly sensitive to variations in precipitation and temperature. However, before an accurate
estimation of directional change rates may be made with confidence, the seasonal and
interannual rates of change inherent to a system must be quantified. We will use a time series of
satellite multispectral imagery for monitoring the extent, condition, and spatial pattern of
montane meadows on a seasonal and interannual time scale. Spectrally-based, spatially-explicit
models will be developed for six meadow types using a GIS to stratify the study area by
topography and geology.
Approach:
The innovative aspects of this research are: 1) using remotely sensed data to predict biodiversity
across a landscape, as opposed to predicting single species presence or absence; 2) using fine-
scale data to predict other locations of species; and 3) development of a model for detecting sites
of high species diversity and potential habitats of rare species that could be applied to other
ecosystems.
Expected Results:
The outcome of this research will be a mechanism for estimating and monitoring species
distribution patterns at a landscape scale. We expect that species that exhibited statistically
significant relationships with remotely sensed habitat types during 1993-1995 will show the
strongest relationships in the southern GYE. We also expect that mesic meadows will be the sites
of highest species diversity and the sites of highest seasonal and interannual change.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~debinski/homepage.html
http://www.kars.ukans.edu
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~mobes/aeclgis2.html
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/236/report/1997
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfnVfuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/236/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/236/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, Final
Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel Computations of
Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
EPA Grant Number: R825207
Title: Partitioning Algorithms and Their Applications to Massively Parallel Computations of
Multiphase Fluid Flows in Porous Media
Investigators: Richard E. Ewing, Hristo Djidjev, Raytcho D. Lazarov
Institution: Texas A & M University , Rice University
EPA Project Officer: Chris Saint
Project Period: November 1, 1996 through October 31, 1999
Project Amount: $290,760
Research Category: High-Performance Computing
Description:
This project focuses on the development of efficient methods for parallel simulation of
multiphase flows in porous media. Such flows are mathematically described by linear and
nonlinear parabolic or elliptic initial boundary-value problems whose solution are based on
standard and mixed finite element approximations and require enormous computational
resources. The goal of this project is to design and analyze adaptive grid refinement methods and
partitioning methods that lead to accurate approximation schemes and scalable parallel
algorithms.
Approach:
The adaptive finite element methods will be based on optimal local error estimators and
indicators. The partitioning methods will be based on efficient algorithms for graph separation
and will allow an optimal parallelization of the computation, which computational load balanced
over the processors and with communication costs minimized.
Expected Results:
The results of this research can be applied to multiphase multicomponent flows in porous media
and in particular, in detection and control of chemicals' movement in the soil due to agricultural
activities, in the design and evaluation of remediation technologies, water quality control, and
other environmental problems.
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Relevant Websites:
http://www.isc.tamu.edu/EPA/EPA.html
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display .abstractDetail/abstract/719/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/719/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential Physiological
Consequences
EPA Grant Number: R825218
Title: Mercury as an Insulin Mimic: Mechanism of Action and Potential Physiological
Consequences Investigators: David M. Barnes
Institution: University of Arkansas at Fayetteville
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: November 15, 1996 through November 14, 2001
Project Amount: $481,991
Research Category: Early Career Awards
Description:
Polypeptide hormones are important in the regulation of many metabolic processes; however,
little is known regarding the ability of environmental pollutants to disrupt polypeptide hormone
action. Although information regarding the hormone-like effects of heavy metals is limited,
preliminary data reveal that mercury induces hexose transport and increases protein synthesis
with patterns, magnitudes, and kinetics identical to those of insulin. Mercury's insulin-like
effects and extended half-life in the body may lead to a chronic stimulation of the insulin signal
transduction pathway which either may initiate or prevent the normal feedback mechanisms that
regulate insulin responses. Alterations of these normal feedback mechanisms could result in a
long-term modulation of insulin responsiveness.
This project hypothesizes that mercury acts as an insulin-mimic which initiates insulin-like
effects by specifically activating insulin-responsive signal transduction pathways, thus,
providing an environmental component which leads to the downregulation of insulin-mediated
effects. This hypothesis will be addressed with the following objectives: 1) to compare the
effects of mercury and insulin on hexose transport and protein synthesis in hepatocyte,
adipocyte, and skeletal muscle cell lines, representing the tissues involved in glucose
homeostasis; 2) to determine the signal transduction pathway(s) targeted by mercury to induce
its insulin-like effects; and 3) to determine if prolonged exposure to mercury induces cells to
become nonresponsive to subsequent stimulation with insulin.
These objectives will be addressed by following the uptake and the incorporation of
radiolabelled tracers and by analyzing the biochemical effects of mercury on insulin-stimulated
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signal transduction enzymes. This study will further our understanding of the insulin-like effects
of mercury its potential to disrupt insulin regulated metabolism. Moreover, these results will
contribute to a better understanding of the ability of xenobiotics to function as hormone-mimics
and may contribute to an understanding of the role of environmental factors in the induction of
diseases or dysfunctions associated with insulin nonresponsiveness.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1997, 1999
Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient Numerical Simulations
EPA Grant Number: R825225
Title: Geophysical Sensing in Environmental Applications: Efficient Numerical Simulations
Investigators: Qing-Huo Liu
Institution: Duke University
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: November 21, 1996 through September 20, 2001
Project Amount: $500,000
Research Category: Early Career Awards
Description:
The objective of this research is to develop efficient forward and inverse techniques to model
electromagnetic and acoustic problems in environmental geophysical sensing. Specifically, fast
forward and inverse computer models will be developed for electrical resistance tomography
(ERT), electromagnetic induction (EMI), radio imaging methods (RIM), surface seismic
reflection, and borehole seismic imaging measurements in three-dimensional inhomogeneous
media.
In environmental geophysical sensing, electromagnetic and acoustic sensors are used on the
earth's surface or in boreholes to probe the complex underground medium. The interpretation of
these important measurements remains a challenging problem because of the complex interaction
of waves with the underground medium. Simulating realistic three-dimensional models
encountered in these problems can easily exceed the capacity of any modern supercomputer if
conventional methods are used. Therefore, there is a pressing demand for more efficient forward
and inverse techniques. These forward and inverse solutions are also critical in processing the
collected data and in computer-aided design of new measurement systems.
For time-harmonic electromagnetic problems, including those for ERT, EMI, and RIM systems,
special methods such as numerical mode-matching techniques and spectral-domain techniques
will be explored to solve large three-dimensional forward problems. These techniques will allow
one to solve much larger problems than conventional finite-difference and finite-element
methods. For transient electromagnetic and acoustic problems, new absorbing boundary
conditions for finite-difference methods with nonuniform grids will be developed to solve wave
propagation problems efficiently.
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The ultimate goal of this program is to solve the nonlinear inverse problems, i.e., to infer the
material properties from a set of measured data. The coupling between efficient forward
solutions and the inverse algorithms is critical for these large-scale inverse problems.
This research will significantly advance the capability of simulating large-scale forward and
inverse electromagnetic and acoustic problems in environmental geophysical sensing. The
computer programs developed can be used to enhance the understanding of complicated wave
interactions in the underground medium, and to improve the interpretation and processing
capability of electromagnetic and acoustic measurements in complex environments.
With the fast and accurate modeling programs, researchers will be able to provide useful
information regarding underground objects, leaks, and discontinuities in a timely manner. With
the modeling capability, remediation of waste sites will become much better, safer, and less
costly.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/849/report/1997
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/849/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1997, 1998
Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to Toxic Air Pollutants in
the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
EPA Grant Number: R825241
Title: Measurement and Source Apportionment of Human Exposures to Toxic Air Pollutants in
the Minneapolis - St. Paul Metropolitan Area
Investigators: Greg Pratt, Ken Sexton, Lance Waller, Tom Stock, M. Marbury, Gurumurthy
Ramachandran
Institution: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency , Minnesota Department of Health , University
of Minnesota
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz, Gail Robarge
Project Period: February 10, 1997 through February 9, 2000
Project Amount: $553,658
Research Category: Ambient Air Quality
Description:
This research project will take an integrated, multi-disciplinary approach to measuring and
apportioning the sources of human exposures to an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The study will accomplish these objectives by combining a variety of complementary
approaches, methods, and techniques, including: (a) a complete emission inventory of point,
area, and mobile sources in the Twin Cities metropolitan area; (b) dispersion modeling to
estimate ambient VOC and PM10 concentrations in three different communities within the
metropolitan area and at 20 individual residences within each community; (c) central-site
monitoring in the general metropolitan area to measure ambient VOC and metal concentrations;
(d) central-site monitoring in each of three study communities to measure ambient VOC and
metal concentrations; and (e) passive monitoring to measure ambient VOC concentrations
outside residences, indoor air concentrations inside residences, and personal exposures for 20
people in each of the three study communities. These data will allow us to apportion both the
relative contributions to measured personal exposures of indoor versus outdoor concentrations,
and the relative contributions to measured ambient concentrations of point, area, and mobile
sources. The data will also allow us to test the reliability of central monitors, community
monitors, and modeling as predictors of personal exposure. The results from this study will
directly improve the realism of health risk assessments for toxic air pollutants and help to inform
policy choices about effective (e.g., protective) and efficient (e.g., cost-effective) control
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strategies. In addition, because we will be measuring exposures to several air toxics
simultaneously, the study will provide valuable insights into the potential risks posed by
exposures to air pollution mixtures.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cijDub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetaJl/abstract/704/reporl/1997
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/704/report/1998
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
EPA Grant Number: R825280
Title: Interindividual Variations in Genetic Polymorphisms as Risks for Colorectal Cancer
Investigators: Nicholas P. Lang, Fred Kadlubar, Stewart MacLeod, Lynn Frame, Craig Stotts,
Christine Ambrosone
Institution: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , National Center for Toxicology
Research
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: November 15, 1996 through November 14, 1999
Project Amount: $538,785
Research Category: Role of Individual Variation in Human Susceptibility to Cancer
Description:
Recent evidence has demonstrated that predictions of cancer risk must take into account not only
carcinogen exposure but also interindividual variations in the ability to activate or detoxify
specific carcinogens. This project is a case-control study of risk associated with various
genotypes and exposures in the development of colorectal cancer. Two objectives will be
investigated: (1) whether interindividual differences in susceptibility to colon cancer are related
to genetically based differences in the polymorphic enzymes responsible for the activation and
detoxification of heterocyclic aromatic amines and bicyclic aromatic amines (found in cooked
foods, tobacco smoke, and several environmental sources), and (2) whether genotyping provides
additional and/or better data that indicate a quantitative relationship between polymorphisms and
the risk for colorectal cancer development in those patients for whom phenotyping and
environmental exposure data already exists. PCR-based assays will be used to determine the
genotype of study subjects for specific polymorphisms that have been linked to the activation or
detoxification of these carcinogenic amines. These data will be combined with phenotype data
and environmental exposure data for the same study subjects. It is expected that interindividual
differences in susceptibility to colorectal cancer will be determined by both the level of exposure
to potentially carcinogenic amines as well as by differences in the ability to metabolize these
carcinogens. The results will facilitate the identification of individuals who are at increased risk
for colorectal cancer due to genetically based differences in their ability to metabolize potentially
carcinogenic amines, thus setting the stage for developing better health policies and more
accurate exposure limits for these compounds.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/33/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine Disrupters
EPA Grant Number: R825298
Title: An in vivo Model for Detection of Reproductive Effects of Endocrine Disruptors
Investigators: David E. Hinton, Barbara S. Washburn, Swee J. Teh
Institution: University of California - Davis , University of Texas at El Paso
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: November 1, 1996 through October 31, 1999
Project Amount: $519,729
Research Category: Endocrine Disruptors
Description:
The objective of this research is to develop and validate a short term in vivo model, using the
small teleost fish medaka, Oryzias latipes, to identify adverse effects of exposure to endocrine-
disrupting chemicals.
Approach:
Reproductive endocrine dysfunction at the individual level will be emphasized. The most
sensitive developmental window for exposure to endocrine disrupters (ED) will be identified
using estradiol or androgen. Subsequently, appropriate exposure levels for two test compounds,
octylphenol (OP), a xenoestrogen, and vinclozolin (V), an anti-androgen, will be determined.
Effects on reproduction, will include mating behavior, sperm number and motility, egg number
and quality, sex ratio, and liver and gonadal histology. Physiological and pathological changes in
the liver and gonads will be correlated with reproductive success, embryo survival, and viability
of fry. Effects of long term ED exposure outside the window of sensitivity will also be studied.
Eggs produced by crossing exposed and unexposed female and male fish will be incubated and
the development and reproductive success of the fry followed (PI generation). To further
validate the model, different EDs with known but different mechanisms of action will be
investigated during the most sensitive development stage.
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Expected Results:
If adverse effects are associated with exposure, further study will be performed.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfin/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/I38/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
EPA Grant Number: R825328
Title: Chemical Plant Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles
Investigators: Miguel J. Bagajewicz
Institution: University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1999
Project Amount: $224,977
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
The purpose of this project is to develop methodologies for the design and/or retrofit of
environmentally benign water cycles in chemical processing units.
Approach:
To address the design and retrofit task, the State Space Approach will be used. This method has
been successfully used to combine heat and mass exchanger pinch calculations in a single
optimization technique, departing from inefficient sequential methods. The State Space approach
can also enlarge the scope of the studies to consider process changes that may allow better
pollutant interception. The concept of zero water discharge refers to closed circuits of water,
where water disposal is eliminated altogether. Closed circuits are appealing because end-of-pipe
regeneration does not have to be conducted to the full extent required for disposal as water can
be reused with higher level of contaminants. Additionally, the absence of a discharge eliminates
internal administrative costs associated with the enforcement of EPA and local limits, as well as
the interface with government agencies.
Expected Results:
This project will have a significant impact on water usage and wastewater management for the
chemical and petrochemical industry.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/133/report/F
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Science* Co Ac^iovti
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999
Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
EPA Grant Number: R825339
Title: Novel Nanocoatings On Cutting Tools For Dry Machining
Investigators: Ranga Komanduri, Frank Kustas
Institution: Oklahoma State University - Main Campus, Technology Assessment & Transfer Inc
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1999
Project Amount: $180,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
This project is jointly funded by NSF and EPA. In this project we propose to investigate two
novel technologies in an attempt to accomplish clean manufacturing. The development of new
cutting tool materials based on novel multilayer nanocoating architectures of carbide/metal or
solid lubricant/metal on cemented carbide tools by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering
(CFUMS) process is the first novel technology. In contrast to the conventional Chemical Vapor
Deposition (CVD) coating process, CFUMS process enables the production of exceptionally
high quality, high density Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coatings. This is environmentally a
clean process where no chemicals or harmful by-products are present unlike in CVD. The second
novel technology is the use of the nanolayer coated tools in dry machining which makes it an
environmentally friendly manufacturing.
Approach:
Research tasks will be inducted separately for NSF and EPA. The research will concentrate on
the hard and tough multilayer coatings (Class I) on cutting tools for dry machining for the NSF
part and on low friction (tribological) coatings (Class II) on cutting tools for dry machining for
the EPA part. Similarly research will be conducted on B4C/W, SiC/W,B4C/SiC (Class I) systems
for the NSF and MoS2/Mo, WS2/W, and TaS2/Ta (Class II) systems for the EPA part. These
coatings will be characterized by low angle x-ray diffraction, optical, SEM, AES,
nanoindentation, and Rivet test for adhesion. The nature of coating will also be studied using an
instrumented in situ SEM tribometer designed and built at OSU. The machining performance of
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these coated tools will be evaluated selectively in turning, milling, and drilling using
instrumented set ups. Tool life and tool wear studies will be conducted over a range of cutting
speeds using the characterization techniques proposed earlier. TA&T will deposit nanocoatings
in consultation with OSU and characterize the physical and microstructural properties of the
films produced. OSU will conduct most of the cutting studies. TA&T will also send some tools
to potential users for evaluation.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/131/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, 2000, Final
Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs - Real Time
Gas/Aerosol Analyzers
EPA Grant Number: R825344
Title: Field-Usable Compact Capillary Based Liquid/Ion Chromatographs - Real Time
Gas/Aerosol Analyzers
Investigators: Purnendu K. Dasgupta
Institution: Texas Tech University
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: October 15, 1996 through October 14, 1999
Project Amount: $333,141
Research Category: Monitoring Program on Ecological Effects of Environmental Stressors
Using Coastal Intensive Sites
Description:
Ion and liquid chromatography are two of the most widely used techniques in environmental
analysis. Both remain relegated to the laboratory due to the lack of truly portable and robust
equipment. Based on a considerable amount of preliminary work, we propose here the
development of briefcase sized packed capillary and open tubular ion/liquid chromatographic
instrumentation of weight under 20 Ib.
Approach:
All operation control and data acquisition will be carried out by a laptop personal computer. The
instrument will be capable of operating off AC power, or for 8h from four flatpack NiMH
batteries. Both suppressed conductometric and optical detectors will be developed. These
instruments will operate at single digit uL/min flow rates, using very little consumables and
generating very little waste. Chromatographic efficiencies will equal or exceed those of present
day conventional size benchtop instruments. Two complete systems will be built.
Expected Results:
These Chromatographs will be coupled to wetted denuders (for the collection of soluble
ionogenic gases) and bead packed wetted coils (for the collection of aerosols) to devise a new
generation of near-continuous gas/aerosol analysis instrumentation that are expected to be not
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only far more compact but also substantially more sensitive (sub-ppt for most gases, pg/m3 for
most aerosol constituents) than their previous counterparts. These will be field tested by
ourselves and also in collaboration with the National Center for Atmospheric Research. (NCAR).
The inexpensive syringe pump driven gradient LC system will be field tested for pesticide
analysis in runoffs from local cotton fields.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.ttu.edu/~chem/faculty/dasgupta/dasgupta.html
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetaiiyabstract/533/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa,gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/533/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/indexxfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/533/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as Indicators of Ecosystem
Health
EPA Grant Number: R825350
Title: Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Larval Fish Morphometrics as Indicators of Ecosystem
Health
Investigators: James H. Power
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: December 15, 1996 through December 14, 1999
Project Amount: $165,436
Research Category: Environmental Biology
Description:
The estuarine larvae offish are a critical component of those ecosystems they are important
forage for other organisms, and if they survive to the juvenile-adult stage they in turn comprise
one of the top predators in the ecosystem as well as an important resource for man. During the
larval phase these animals exhibit both extremely high growth rates and high mortality rates.
Slight fluctuations in the early mortality rate can result in considerable variations in adult
population size, with obvious ecosystem consequences. This concept, combined with the rapid
growth and development of larval fish, make them a sensitive indicator of ecosystem health. This
project is to examine the morphometrics of larval estuarine fish, and to collect information on the
magnitude of variation, and spatiotemporal patterns of variability, by an advanced measure of
larval fish condition. Its objective is to answer the following questions: 1) What is the inherent
variability of field-collected larval fish condition as quantified by morphometric measures,
coupled with accurate measures of live fish body mass and body volume?, and 2) Are there
spatial or temporal patterns of these morphometric condition indices that can be related to
estuarine location or time of year? Are there locations along an environmental gradient within
the estuary where larvae are consistently and quantifiably "better," or at least different?
The centerpiece of this research is to examine the patterns of larval shape using a new and
exciting analytical approach the thin-plate spline-relative warp analysis. This analysis has been
proven to be capable of extracting and quantifying subtle patterns of affine (uniform) and non-
linear variations in biological shape. This analysis will be complemented with accurate measures
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of live larval body mass and volume, using a weight-in-water measurement technique based on
Archimedes' principle. This project is expected to demonstrate, and quantify, variations in larval
shape among a variety of habitats in the Louisiana Barataria-Terrebone estuarine system, a
component of the EPA National Estuary Program. Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of
larval morphometric condition indices will help: (1) to reveal ecosystem function by allowing
identification and characterization of attributes responsible for that status; and (2) to anticipate
the consequences of early assessment of good or impaired condition, and especially to know the
subtle effects of anthropogenic change such as pollution or habitat modification.
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Cowrieo to AoMnavo rtnoultu
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997,1998, Final
Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
EPA Grant Number: R825354
Title: Microbial Monitoring With Artificial Stable RNAs
Investigators: George E. Fox, Richard C Willson
Institution: University of Houston
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: January 1, 1997 through December 31, 1999
Project Amount: $335,701
Research Category: Environmental Biology
Description:
The purpose of this project is to establish a stable RNA-based approach for labeling and tracking
microorganisms in complex ecosystems. This technology will be readily incorporated into
studies of risk associated with the release of both naturally occurring and genetically engineered
bacteria into the environment. The monitoring system will also be an extremely valuable tool for
monitoring organism behavior in laboratory studies of microbial ecosystems.
Previously, we have developed a recombinant DNA vector which encodes a deletion mutant of
5S rRNA. This deletion RNA is expressed from the growth rate-regulated ribosomal RNA
promoters and accumulates to high levels. The resulting system is in effect a miniature rRNA
operon and is referred to as rrnMINI. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create a restriction
site in the deletion RNA gene in order to facilitate the addition of replacement sequences. By
appropriate insertion of replacement sequences into this construct novel RNAs which carry
highly unique sequence segments can be created. These artificial RNAs (aRNAs), are not
incorporated into ribosomes but nevertheless accumulate to high levels in the cell. Three
alternative approaches might be useful for detecting such aRNAs. These are: (1) the presence of
a unique size band in a high resolution low molecular weight RNA gel profile, (2) presence of a
unique target sequence in the aRNA that can be detected by any of several hybridization
strategies, and (3)incorporation of a mRNA in the aRNA that encodes a readily detectable
protein product, e.g., the Green Fluorescent Protein.
In contrast to more traditional methods, detection based on the rrnMINI system will not depend
on recovery of the organisms of interest in viable/culturable form, and it does not confer new
capabilities such as drug resistance on the labeled organism. The reliance on a growth rate
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regulated promoter is an advantage not enjoyed by amplification (PCR) and direct detection
(e.g., bioluminescence), approaches that are currently in use. In addition, potential problems
associated with selective target amplification are avoided.
Additional exploratory research is being conducted to increase the suitability of this promising
rrnMINI technology for use in microbial monitoring and risk assessment. The current system is
plasmid based in E. coli. In order to minimize undesired spread of recombinant genes in the
environment it is anticipated that whenever possible one will either use large plasmids, e.g., Tol,
or directly integrate recombinant genes into the main genome. Therefore it will be essential to
integrate the rrnMINI expression system into potential host organisms. In the present study this
will be undertaken for E. coli, P. putida and the Tol plasmid. These efforts will be facilitated by
minor improvements in the existing aRNA identification system. A second major project goal
will be to carefully characterize at least one approach to aRNA detection.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/527/report/1997
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/527/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/527/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1997, 1999
Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of Mexico: Loss of
Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
EPA Grant Number: R825355
Title: Developing a New Monitoring Tool for Benthic Organisms in the Gulf of Mexico: Loss of
Genetic Variability in Meiofaunal Populations
Investigators: Paul A. Montagna
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: December 1, 1996 through November 30, 1998
Project Amount: $243,469
Research Category: Environmental Biology
Description:
A loss of genetic variability in populations of Harpacticoida (Copepoda) has been observed with
proximity to offshore hydrocarbon production platforms. The loss of genetic diversity was
concordant with increased levels of heavy metal contaminants, but this is confounded with the
reef-like nature of a platform. Populations can differentiate when a habitat barrier exists or if
there are selection pressures due to habitat influences (e.g., selective fish predation, or different
sediment grain size). However, contaminants can act as a selective force. Under strong natural
selection, as a population shifts towards a new fitness peak, less-fit phenotypes and their
associated genotypes, can disappear, resulting in an overall loss of genetic variability. The
purpose of this project is to develop a complete understanding of the cause of genetic variability
loss near offshore hydrocarbon platforms.
Two experiments will be performed to isolate the confounding contaminant and reef effects. A
field experiment will compare population structure at artificial reefs (inactive platforms without
contamination), sites where platforms were removed (no reef but contaminants still exist), and
operating platforms (reef and contaminant effects). A second experiment will consist of a series
of exposure experiments to specific contaminants (e.g., heavy metals, that exist at high levels at
production platforms) over three generations to demonstrate that contaminants can cause
selection. Levels of sediment contaminants will be measured in both the field and laboratory
experiments. Genetic variability in populations will be measured using restriction fragment
length polymorphisms of 16S mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is useful in population
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studies because it has a high divergence rate. It is also maternally inherited, thereby eliminating
recombination events.
Five species of harpacticoids will be studied, and at least 30 individuals per station will be
analyzed to calculate the haplotype diversity index. The results of this study will demonstrate
that selection can occur by chronic, sublethal exposure to contaminants associated with offshore
production platforms and this can cause populations to lose genetic variability. If selection by
contaminants is a general phenomenon, then this would have broad management implications
and support the use measuring population structure at the molecular level as an ecological
monitoring tool.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.utmsi.utexas.edu/staff/montagna
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/534/report/1997
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/534/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997,1998, Final
A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer
Remediation
EPA Grant Number: R825405
Title: A Multi-Scale Investigation of Mass Transfer Limitations in Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer
Remediation
Investigators: Alex Mayer, Gary A. Pope
Institution: Michigan Technological University , University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through October 31, 1999
Project Amount: $299,792
Research Category: Environmental Fate and Treatment of Toxics and Hazardous Wastes
Description:
Significant progress has been made in the application of surfactants to enhance remediation of
aquifers contaminated by nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). The addition of surfactant lowers
the interfacial tension between the NAPL and water and also increases the solubility of the
organic contaminants in the water. Solubility enhancement is the primary mechanism for
removing dense NAPLs (DNAPLs), such as chlorinated solvents. However, almost all of the
work on surfactant enhanced remediation of NAPL contamination has assumed that local
equilibrium exists between the NAPL and the aqueous/surfactant solution. Although a few
studies have shown that equilibrium may not always occur, very little work has been conducted
to determine the conditions where mass transfer limitations are important for these systems.
Mass transfer limitations have the effect of slowing the rate of NAPL removal by the surfactant
solution.
The goal of the proposed work is to investigate mass transfer between residual NAPLs and
aqueous phases containing surfactants. The investigation will yield mass transfer relationships
for surfactant-enhanced NAPL dissolution. The dependence of mass transfer rates on
remediation design variables surfactant constituents, types and concentrations and aqueous phase
flow rates will be determined. The proposed work also will attempt to identify the phenomena
responsible for mass transfer limitations in surfactant-enhanced NAPL dissolution, such as the
viscosity of aqueous-surfactant solutions, diffusivities in aqueous-surfactant solutions, mass
exchange from NAPL to aqueous solutions, and mass exchange from aqueous solution to
micelles.
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Approach:
The development of the mass transfer relationships will occur at three scales: the pore scale,
macroscopic scale (1-10 cm), and meso scale (10-100 m). First, laboratory column tests will be
conducted to determine macroscopic mass transfer rate coefficients. The column tests will yield
mass transfer rates as a function of aqueous phase velocities and surfactant types, dosages, and
constituents. Next, residual NAPL dissolution will be simulated at the pore scale using a
modified pore scale simulator. The averaged mass transfer rates produced in the pore scale
model will be calibrated to the laboratory results. The calibrated parameters will include
effective diffusivities and NAPL/aqueous phase/micellar mass exchange rates. Lastly, the
macroscopic mass transfer rate coefficients will be incorporated into a continuum-based model
for simulating NAPL dissolution at the meso scale.
Expected Results:
This project will result in a greater understanding of the chemical processes involved in
enhanced remediation processes. This improvement will occur by developing mass transfer rates
that have been derived from pore-scale phenomena and are described as a function of variables
that are relevant to remediation design aqueous phase flow rates and surfactant properties. A
greater understanding of mass transfer limitations will result in more intelligent design of
surfactant enhanced remediation, e.g., surfactant dose, type, constituents, and application rates,
which presumably will result in more cost-effective remediation efforts. In addition, the
improved understanding expected from the proposed work could result in the development of
site selection criteria for surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/684/report/1997
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/684/report/1998
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/684/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1997, 1998, 1999
Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
EPA Grant Number: R825408
Title: Bioavailability & Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Investigators: William Reeves, Kirby C. Donnelly, Stephen H. Safe, R. L. Autenrieth, T. J.
McDonald
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: November 15,1996 through November 14, 1999
Project Amount: $443,997
Research Category: Environmental Fate and Treatment of Toxics and Hazardous Wastes
Description:
There is an urgent need to develop an accurate method to assess the risk associated with
contaminated soils and complex mixtures. Perhaps more importantly, this method should provide
a means of defining acceptable residue levels to allow a more cost-effective approach to site
remediation. Contaminated media at Superfund sites typically consist of complex mixtures of
organic and inorganic chemicals. Especially difficult to characterize are the complex mixtures of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs)
which are often found at wood preserving, coal gasification, and refinery sites. This research
program proposes to develop a methodology for estimating bioavailability, to utilize this
procedure to assess the risk of complex mixtures, and to validate the method using treated and
untreated residues from a variety of Superfund sites. A protocol for obtaining a water soluble
fraction (WSF) will be evaluated using water (pH7 and pH9), a simulated gastric fluid (pH2),
and a solution of methanol:water (1:1). The WSF protocol will be evaluated using an aged soil
contaminated with two complex mixtures (a coal tar and a wood preserving waste). Spiked and
unspiked soils will be prepared and extracted using the various solutions at several time points
during the research. These mixtures will also be used to validate the Toxic Equivalency Factor
(TEF) approach to risk assessment.
Approach:
Complex mixture risk assessment will be developed using a "top-down" and "bottom-up"
approach for integration. Each mixture will first be tested in its original state, and then extracted
with hexane:acetone (producing a crude extract). The crude extract will then be separated into
PAH and HAH fractions. The PAH fraction will be separated into 2-, 3-, 4, 5 and >5-ring
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fractions, while the HAHs will be separated into chlorophenol and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin
and dibenzofuran fractions. Each fraction will be analyzed using bioassays to measure
genotoxicity and enzyme induction. For the top-down analysis, biological tests (to define
genotoxicity and potential immunotoxicity) will be used to characterize the crude extract and all
subsequent fractions. For the bottom-up analysis, selected fractions will be subjected to a
GC/MS analysis to identify major constituents, and individual compounds as well as
reconstituted mixtures tested in the biological tests. Testing the crude extract and various
fractions will delineate interactions of the components. Testing the individual and reconstituted
mixtures will be used to validate a TEF approach for risk assessment and to aid in the
identification of the more toxic components of the complex mixtures. In the final two years of
the study, the WSF procedure will be calibrated using soihwaste mixtures collected from a
minimum of four Superfund sites prior to and after remediation. The data from these analyses
will be used to prepare a human health risk assessment for each site.
Expected Results:
The final product of the research will be a better methodology for assessing the risk of complex
mixtures in contaminated soils and other solid matrices in the vadose zone.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cftn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/678/report/1997
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/678/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/678/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, Final
Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of Arsenic in
Contaminated Media
EPA Grant Number: R825410
Title: Development of Chemical Methods to Assess the Bioavailability of Arsenic in
Contaminated Media
Investigators: Nicholas T. Basta, Robin R. Rodriguez, Stan W. Casteel
Institution: Oklahoma State University - Main Campus , University of Missouri - Columbia
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: November 1, 1996 through October 31, 1999
Project AmDunt: $431,677
Research Category: Environmental Fate and Treatment of Toxics and Hazardous Wastes
Description:
Soil ingestion from incidental hand-to-mouth activity by children is an important issue in
assessing public health risks associated with exposure to As-contaminated soils and media. Risk
from enteric bioavailability of As is difficult to assess because As exists in many geochemical
forms (e.g., oxides, sulfides) and physical forms (flue dust, slag, tailings, waste ore) at hazardous
waste sites contaminated by mining or smelting of ore. The purpose of the proposed research is
to determine the ability of chemical methods (chemical speciation, in-vitro gastrointestinal) to
provide a reasonable estimate of As bioavailability in contaminated media and provide rapid and
inexpensive information to characterize risk at Superfund sites.
Approach:
In this study, As measured by chemical methods (chemical speciation and in-vitro
gastrointestinal methods) will be compared with As uptake by immature pigs for contaminated
media (soil and slag) collected from a mining, milling, and smelter site.
Expected Results:
Benefits expected from the proposed research include inexpensive methodologies to obtain site-
specific bioavailability thereby lowering the degree of uncertainty in risk assessment. Rapid,
inexpensive testing methods will provide scientifically derived data to select appropriate
remedies at these sites which are cost-effective and protective of human health and the
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environment. An accurate site-specific bioavailability method may be a useful tool to evaluate
the effectiveness of remediation technologies and determine remediation endpoints.
Progress and Final Reports:
1997 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/1997
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/676/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, Final
Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
EPA Grant Number: R825414
Title: Phytoremediation and Modeling of Land Contaminated by Hydrons
Investigators: Clyde Munster, Malcolm Drew, Yavuz Corapcioglu
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: October 28, 1996 through October 27, 1999
Project Amount: $452,020
Research Category: Bioremediation
Description:
There are two primary objectives of the proposed research: (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halapense) and Canada wild-rye grass (Elymus canadensis) in the
Phytoremediation of soil contaminated with a mixture of recalcitrant PCB (2, 2'-
dichlorobiphenyl), PAH (dibenzo(a,h)anthracene) and TNT (trinitrotoluene) using field and
greenhouse experiments and, (2) to use the field and greenhouse data to calibrate and validate a
recently developed bioremediation model that is capable of simulating the removal and
degradation of organic chemicals from the soil by plant roots and their rhizosphere.
Approach:
A multidisciplinary team of researchers will utilize field investigations, green house studies and
computer modeling to study the effectiveness of warm and cool season grasses in the
phytoremediation of a PCB, a PAH and TNT. The field study will be conducted in a controlled,
lysimeter environment where a mass balance of the water entering and leaving the soil can be
maintained. All leachate moving through the soil as well as all the soil and vegetation will be
collected and analyzed for chemical concentrations. The greenhouse study will be used to
supplement the field study with leachate, soil and vegetation analysis. In addition, the
greenhouse study will permit greater rooting depth and destructive sampling for root growth
characteristics throughout the growing season. The new computer model will be rigorously
tested against the field and greenhouse data. If necessary, model modifications will be made to
more closely simulate the processes observed in the field and greenhouse research. The tested
model will be able to evaluate the effectiveness of phytoremediation on soil contaminated by
recalcitrant hydrocarbons. The field and green house research will assess the contribution of
vegetation to the apparent disappearance from the soil of representative recalcitrant PCBs, PAHs
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and TNT. Data from three growing seasons will document the partitioning of 2, 2'-
dichlorobiphenyl, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene and trinitrotoluene in the soil, vegetation and leachate,
as well as their degradation.
Expected Results:
The comprehensive field and greenhouse data set will be used to validate and calibrate a newly
developed phytoremediation model. This quantitative model is capable of simulating the
movement of organic compounds through the soil and water as well as the uptake of chemicals
by vegetation roots. This model will be used as a predictive tool to assess the effectiveness of
phytoremediation on soil contaminated by recalcitrant hydrocarbons.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.agen.tamu.edu/pet/tools/stn-tool.html/
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/f\Jseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/593/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/593/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
EPA Grant Number: R825420
Title: Intrinsic Stable Isotopic Tracers of Environmental Contaminants
Investigators: Stephen A. Macko, Mahlon C. Kennicutt
Institution: University of Virginia - Main Campus , Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: October 1, 1996 through September 30, 1999
Project Amount: $358,949
Research Category: Water Engineering
Description:
The stable isotopic composition of a contaminant in the environment is the end-result of a
complex chain of events. Chemicals produced from disparate sources by fundamentally different
processes would be expected to exhibit intrinsic isotopic compositions that could be used to
identify sources. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) based on gas chromatography
/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) will be used to uniquely identify naturally
occurring pollutants, such as PAH in petroleum, and synthetic or manufactured pollutants, such
as pesticides and PCBs. The expected benefit to be derived from the application of CSIA to
environmental questions is to be able to more accurately define the sources, fate, and
transformation of pollutant mixtures in the environment. Effective environmental regulation can
only be accomplished if contaminant distributions can be unambiguously linked to known
processes or sources. As concerns about the quality of the environment have increased it has
become clear that our ability to inventory, trace and provide a mass balance of pollutants in the
environment is poor.
Approach:
The study proposed here will include development of purification techniques, optimization of
instrumental conditions, development of models based on study results, and field testing of the
concepts developed. Selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and PCBs will be
the analytes of interest. Fused silica capillary columns will be used to provide resolution of
complex mixtures, minimize co-elution and background interferences, and limit column bleed
during GC/IRMS analysis. The resolution and accuracy of the method will be determined by
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analyzing authentic standards, primary sources of contaminants, extracts of effluents and well
characterized pollutant occurrences.
The proposed study has four primary objectives: (1) development of isolation techniques that
produce high purity, unaltered concentrates that maintain the stable isotopic integrity of the
analytes; (2) determine the stable isotopic composition of target analytes in primary sources of
contaminants; (3) determine the stable isotopic composition of priority pollutants in selected
processes that introduce contaminants to the environment; and (4) verify the techniques and
models developed with well-characterized pollutant occurrence using selected samples from
EPA's Casco Bay National Estuarine Program, EPA's Galveston Bay National Estuarine
Program, EPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Near Coastal, and NOAA's
Status and Trends Program.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/539/report/1998
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/539/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000
Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing Management Alternatives
for the Illinois River
EPA Grant Number: R825791
Title: Ecological Risks, Stakeholder Values and River Basins: Testing Management Alternatives
for the Illinois River
Investigators: Mark Meo, Keith D. Willett, James Sipes, Will Focht, Lowell Caneday, Edward
T. Sankowski, Baxter Vieux, R. A. Lynch
Institution: University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma State University - Main Campus
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: June 1, 1998 through May 31,2001
Project Amount: $849,996
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
The Illinois River, one of the most scenic and pristine rivers in Oklahoma, has been the center of
political controversy about private property rights and environmental protection for over twenty-
five years. The Illinois has provided multiple social benefits to the citizens of Oklahoma through
its use for recreation, water and power supply, flood control, and nutrient removal. Yet, the
inability of different interests in both states to reach agreement about how to protect the future of
the Illinois watershed has placed its hydrologic resources at increased risk of long-term
degradation. With the absence of a unique environmental issue or feature to catalyze political
support for policy change, the illinois Basin, which is characterized by continuing land use
conflicts within a decentralized institutional setting, exemplifies long-term river basin
management challenges in general.
This three-year interdisciplinary research project addresses the theoretical issue of how different
environmental and social values held by river basin stakeholders can be identified and compared
so that more effective environmental protection strategies can be determined and adopted by
local land use interests and state agencies. The investigators propose to develop and test
alternative management strategies for the illinois River watershed by linking together the
ecological, economic, hydro logical, social, and political aspects of the watershed in an
interdisciplinary approach that provides a more realistic framework for calculating,
communicating, and negotiating environmental risks and competing social values.
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Approach:
In the first two years of the project the research team will: (1) Determine the effects of
alternative land and water uses for three study sites in the river basin; (2) Calculate the
ecological risks associated with different intensities of resource use; (3) Develop distributed
hydrologic models using GIS that incorporate water quality and quantity aspects of alternative
land use practices; and (4) Develop a computer simulation of each of the three sites that will
enable stakeholders to visualize more easily the implications of different management options
for the river basin's resources. At the same time, members of the research team will be
investigating stakeholders' perspectives of natural, economic, and sociopolitical impacts through
interviews and focus group sessions. These groups will include technical experts, lay
stakeholders, and policy makers. Background data will be drawn from the investigators' prior
studies of the illinois watershed, its carrying capacity, and comprehensive land use plans.
In the third year of the project, stakeholder groups will be engaged in a policy dialogue and a test
of the effectiveness of integrated computer models to facilitate the risk communication of
complex environmental management issues. Visual simulations developed from GIS-based
distributed hydrological models will be shown to stakeholders in conjunction with focus group
sessions to ascertain management preferences and the overall legitimacy of negotiated
agreements. Negotiation workshops will be held to develop a consensus about land use practices
that afford an adequate level of protection to the basin.
Expected Results:
The entire process will be tested to ascertain the degree to which the process is viewed by
experts and lay stakeholders as efficient, effective, and legitimate, and therefore acceptable. For
broader application of the approach, the research will be formatted on a CD for dissemination.
The results of the research also will be published in the refereed literature and used to advance
integrated watershed planning and management.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/843/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/843/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
EPA Grant Number: R825810
Title: Improved Risk Assessment with an Intragenic Mutation Assay
Investigators: Vincent L. Wilson, William R. Lee
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
EPA Project Officer: Chris Saint
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $428,305
Research Category: Issues in Human Health Risk Assessment
Description:
The ability to detect intragenic mutations at sensitivities of better than one mutant allele in 106
or more cells provides the unique opportunity to directly evaluate the genotoxic activities of
hazardous agents in model systems and ultimately in exposed human populations. Such a
sensitive molecular test would enable more accurate assessment of the toxic potential of
chemicals at very low doses and multiple exposures, similar to those commonly found in the
human living and work environments. Some complex mixtures may also be decipherable by the
determination of intragenic base substitution mutation spectra analysis, since mutation spectra
are well known to be genotoxic agent specific if analyzed at the DNA nucleotide sequence level.
This laboratory has established methods for the detection of single base substitution mutations at
a sensitivity of one mutant in the presence of 106, 107, or more wild type cells. These methods
are based on the combined sensitivity and specificity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
restriction endonuclease digestion (RE), and the ligase chain reaction (LCR) which enables the
detection of these rare mutant cell(s) in minute tissue specimens. The sensitivity of this
PCR/RE/LCR test can be adjusted to range from one mutant cell in 102 to 107 normal cells by
varying the number of genomes in the sample. These PCR/RE/LCR molecular techniques, will
be used to establish a universal intragenic molecular test for the in vivo induction of germline (or
somatic) mutations by environmentally important genotoxic agents.
i
It is hypothesized that this molecular test for intragenic mutations will enable more accurate
determinations of the genotoxic potential of very low dose exposures of hazardous agents in
model systems, of multiple and complex exposure patterns, and the identification of the genetic
effects of individual components of at least simple mixtures. This hypothesis will be
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experimentally approached with the use of two well characterized animal model systems:
Drosophila melanogaster and Mus musculus. The quantitative identification of intragenic
mutations in the germline of D. melanogaster and mice offers the unique opportunity to validate
these methods with published data from the well established standard genetic mutation tests.
Since PCR/RE/LCR procedures are dependent only on the knowledge of the DNA sequence of
the gene under study, the present molecular test for the induction and frequency of base
substitution mutations will ultimately be universally applicable to any species.
These studies will use a well tested standard reference mutagen, ethyl nitrosourea (ENU), and
the environmentally important methyl bromide (MeBr). The genotoxic effects of single and
multiple (5 daily doses per week for two weeks) dosing regimens will be determined in the germ
cell populations of the D. melanogaster and mouse testis. The genes under study include the well
characterized alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene locus in D. melanogaster and the Harvey-ras
and p53 genes in mice. Similarly, mixtures of these two agents and a mixture of 2-chloro-ethyl
methanesulfonate and ENU will be subjected to the same singleEand multiple dose genotoxic
analyses in mice. In addition, site specific mutagen frequency studies will be performed in the
Adh gene of D. melanogaster and in the p53 gene of the mouse model.
The PCR/RE/LCR molecular test will complement the standard heritable mutation assays and
will enable germ cell genotoxic testing to be performed relatively cheaply and routinely in the
mammalian .model and perhaps ultimately in the accidentally exposed human.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5123/report/1998
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5123/report/F
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-^ '-""^ — =
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, 2000, Final
Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
EPA Grant Number: R82581 1
Title: Age and Interactive Toxicity of Organophosphorus Insecticides
Investigators: Carey Pope
Institution: Oklahoma State University
EPA Project Officer: Chris Saint
Project Period: January 1, 1998 through December 3 1 , 2000
Research Category: Issues in Human Health Risk Assessment
Description:
This research program compares age-related sensitivity to the Organophosphorus insecticides
(OPs) chlorpyrifos (CPF), parathion (PS) and methyl parathion (MPS). The contributions of
presynaptic neurochemical processes, i.e., regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and
release, in the differential expression of anticholinesterase toxicity were examined. We
hypothesized that limited activity or adaptability of presynaptic regulatory processes in young
animals would be correlated with higher acute sensitivity to OPs. We further hypothesized that
selective changes in ACh synthesis and/or release by some OPs through additional, direct
presynaptic receptor interactions could modulate anticholinesterase toxicity and influence
age-related differences in OP sensitivity. Such selective actions of some OP agents could also
influence the toxicity resulting from combined OP exposures. Interactive effects of co-exposure
to selected OPs in neonatal and adult rats were evaluated. The information from these studies
suggests an important role for presynaptic modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission in the
ultimate expression of toxicity following acetylcholinesterase inhibition and highlights
mechanisms of interactive toxicity of anticholinesterases.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Estimates of acute sensitivity to all three pesticides in the three age groups used LD10 as the
indicator. Adults were less sensitive than neonates and juveniles to all three agents: neonatal rats
were 7-9 times more sensitive whereas juveniles were 2-5 times more sensitive to lethality from
all three pesticides. High affinity choline uptake, the rate limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis,
is reduced in an age- and brain regional-dependent manner following CPF exposure, i.e., uptake
was inhibited earliest in neonatal, later in juvenile and latest in adult brain. In vitro studies
suggest that the active metabolites of PS, MPS and CPF (i.e., paraoxon, methyl paraoxon and
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CPF oxon) have qualitatively different direct effects on muscarinic autoreceptors in adult brain,
with paraoxon and methyl paraoxon acting as agonists and CPF oxon acting as an antagonist.
These differential effects at the muscarinic autoreceptor may contribute to differential toxicity
with these OP pesticides. Muscarinic autoreceptors develop postnatally in an age- and brain
regional-dependent manner. In vivo, muscarinic autoreceptor function was reduced by CPF in
both juvenile and adult rats, but with a different timecourse (again, earlier in younger animals
compared to adults). Autoreceptor function was also impaired by MPS but in a relatively similar
manner following LD10 exposures in juvenile and adult rats. The inherent activity and
adaptability of muscarinic autoreceptor function in different age groups may contribute to
age-related differences in acute sensitivity to OP anticholinsterases. Toxicity from combined
exposures to PS and CPF in adult rats was markedly influenced by the sequence of
administration. In contrast to our hypothesis that CPF has an additional action(s) that lessens
cholinergic toxicity, animals pretreated with CPF and then exposed to PS exhibited more
extensive cholinergic toxicity than animals pretreated with PS and then challenged with CPF.
Similar effects of sequential dosing were noted with interactive CPF and MPS exposures (i.e.,
adult rats pre-exposed to CPF exhibited markedly greater toxicity than rats given the same
dosages but with the sequence of exposure reversed). In contrast, little evidence for
sequence-dependent differences in toxicity was noted in neonatal rats exposed to interactive CPF
and PS exposures. These studies illustrate the complexity of interactions occuring with combined
exposures to organophosphorus toxicants having a common mechanism of toxicity.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.cvm.okstate.edu/research/facilities/toxicologylab/
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display .abstractDetail/abstract/5126/report/1998
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5126/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5126/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000, 2001
School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and Related Health Effects in
Children Part A - Exposure
EPA Grant Number: R825813
Title: School-Based Study of Complex Environmental Exposures and Related Health Effects in
Children Part A - Exposure
Investigators: Ken Sexton, Ian Greaves, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, John L. Adgate, Timothy
Church
Institution: University of Minnesota
EPA Project Officer: Chris Saint
Project Period: March 1, 1998 through March 1, 2001
Project Amount: $899,264
Research Category: Issues in Human Health Risk Assessment
Description:
The objectives of this study are to (1) document complex exposure patterns involving multiple
acute exposures and exposures to chemical mixtures for school children (K - 5) from two low-
income, racially diverse neighborhoods in Minneapolis, (2) examine temporal variability by
monitoring complex exposures three times over a twelve-month period, (3) apportion the relative
contribution to measured personal exposure of outdoor community air, air inside the child's
school, and air inside the child's residence, (4) evaluate the relationship between measured
exposures and internal dose using biological markers of exposure in blood and urine, and (5)
compare children's exposures between a new school designed to enhance indoor air quality and
an older school with more traditional architecture, mechanical systems, and furnishings.
Approach:
This study will measure children's exposures to volatile organic chemicals, metals,
environmental tobacco smoke, PAHs, and pesticides using a combination of measurement
methods, including outdoor, in-home, in-school, personal, and human tissue monitoring. The
target population is 800 children attending elementary school in two low-income neighborhoods
in south Minneapolis (5% Native American, 15% Asian Americans, 65% African American,
15% white).
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Expected Results:
The results from this study will provide critical scientific facts about complex, multipathway
exposures for poor, inner-urban children; a key factor in making more informed and reasonable
decisions about comparative and cumulative risks. Findings will furnish important scientific
building blocks necessary to shift risk assessments toward a more broad-based approach and
away from a narrow focus on single chemicals and exposure pathways. Ultimately, realsitic
health risk assessments for this vulnerable segment of the population depend on obtaining
accurate and precise measuremnts of actual exposures to environmental toxicants.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/463/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/463/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001
Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam Veterans
EPA Grant Number: R825817
Title: Reproductive Health, Serum Dixon, and P450 Genes in Vietnam Veterans
Investigators: Anne Sweeney, Sharon Cooper, Michael Denison, Elaine Symanski, Xifeng Wu,
Chuan-Chuan Wun
Institution: University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: Kacee Deener
Project Period: November 19, 1997 through November 18, 2000
Project Amount: $874,195
Research Category: Issues in Human Health Risk Assessment
Description:
In the 1996 update by the Institute of Medicine's Committee to Review the Health Effects in
Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides, it was concluded that there was
"limited/suggestive evidence" of an association between paternal herbicide exposure and spina
bifida in the offspring of male Vietnam veterans. Much of the concern is with regard to the
dioxin contamination present in herbicides used during the Vietnam War. Dioxin exposure,
however, is not limited to Vietnam veterans and a "safe threshold" for dioxin exposure has never
been established for the U.S. general population. The contradictory findings of previous research
relating dioxin and adverse reproductive effects may be due in part to the absence of a genetic
susceptibility component to identify high-risk subpopulations. The proposed case-control study
is designed to test the hypothesis that the interaction between parental P450 genotype and dioxin
exposure increases the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs), using Vietnam era veterans as the
study population.
Approach:
A listing of all NTDs diagnosed in the U.S. between 1965-1990 will be obtained from birth
certificates, fetal death certificates and death certificates (for older offspring). This interval
represents the majority of childbearing years for Vietnam era veterans. Vietnam era and theater
service will be ascertained through linkage with Department of Defense and Department of
Veterans Affairs databases. Cases (a veteran parent of an offspring with an NTD born between
01/01/65-01/01/90) and controls (a veteran parent of a liveborn infant free of NTDs) will be
selected from pregnancies in which either parent was a Vietnam era veteran. An Exposure Index
that has been developed based on military occupational specialty, the years served in Vietnam,
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and service in Vietnam for women veterans will classify all subjects. Individuals will be selected
from the high, medium, and low exposure probability strata for the in-depth case-control
evaluation phase. Current addresses for selected participants will be obtained through an existing
interagency agreement with NIOSH, the IRS, the SSA, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Participants will be asked to complete a mailed questionnaire detailing demographic and lifestyle
characteristics, and medical, reproductive, occupational, and military histories. A blood sample
will be collected at the VA Medical Center or outpatient clinic located nearest to the participant's
home. All the samples will be subjected to a bioassay for detection of total dioxin-like activity. A
subset of the samples, including all with readily detectable dioxin-like activity as well as a
random sample of the remaining serum specimens, will undergo a quantitative dioxin analysis. In
addition, all samples will be analyzed for CYP1A1 genotyping. One method will reveal Mspl
polymorphisms; the second detects an A/G substitution on exon 7 of the CYP1A1 gene, the
genetic basis of an isoleucine/valine substitution. Data analysis will include crude and adjusted
odds ratios for NTDs and high versus low dioxin levels as determined by the bioassay. Odds
ratios for NTDs and each type of P450 allele will be calculated to test the hypothesis that among
NTD-affected pregnancies, there will be a higher proportion of subjects with the variant allele
compared with pregnancies in the control group. Finally, a multivariate analysis will be
conducted to test for the interaction between P450 genotype and serum dioxin level and
association with NTDs.
Expected Results:
This study will provide the first assessment of dioxin exposure among female Vietnam veterans
and permit the evaluation of a maternally mediated effect. The study will also include Vietnam
veterans who served in the earlier years of the conflict (1962-1966); an important group
underrepresented in previous studies of Agent Orange exposure and health effects. Finally, this
represents the first attempt to examine an underlying genetic susceptibility component to dioxin
toxicity resulting in an adverse reproductive event.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/61/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/61/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/61/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/61/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, Final
Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
EPA Grant Number: R825826
Title: Improving Air Quality Benefit Estimates from Hedonic Models
Investigators:Mark Thayer, James C. Murdoch, Kurt Beron
Institution: San Diego State University, The University of Texas at Dallas
EPA Project Officer: Matthew Clark
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998
Project Amount: $124,931
Research Category: Decision Making and Valuation for Environmental Policy
Description:
The objective of the research proposed herein is to critically examine the relative importance of
data aggregation, attribute tradeoffs, and variation caused by space and time within a hedonic
benefit study using a single, pooled cross-section, time-series data set. The primary focus will be
on the hedonic price of air quality. The analysis will be conducted in the South Coast Air Basin,
which consists of the California counties Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernadino for
the period 1980-1996. These counties contain over one hundred cities, which will generate
sufficient spatial variation to test the relative importance of community characteristics on
hedonic price estimation. The extensive time series nature of the data will allow the required
temporal variation.
Approach:
We will use a hierarchical linear model (sometimes called a mixed model or a multilevel model)
for our analysis of the relationship between air quality and housing prices. Our empirical
analysis will employ the two techniques that are generally favored in the theoretical literature,
full maximum likelihood and restricted maximum likelihood.
Expected Results:
The important outputs of our research will be: (1) an extensive pooled cross-section, time-series
data set that will include approximately 50,000 observations per year over the study period,
1980-96; (2) the application of a new procedure to the task of estimating hedonic price functions;
and (3) estimated marginal willingness to pay values that will be more suitable for benefits
transfer. A set of case studies will become the benchmark for future benefits transfer work.
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Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/731/report/1998
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/731/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, 2000, Final
Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic ecosystems
EPA Grant Number: R825868
Title: Microbial indicators of biological integrity and nutrient stress for aquatic ecosystems
Investigators: James P. Grover, Thomas H. Chrzanowski
Institution: University of Texas at Arlington
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Levinson
Project Period: September 1, 1997 through August 31, 2000
Project Amount: $748,000
Research Category: Ecosystem Indicators
Description:
Changes in nutrient (N and P) inputs to aquatic ecosystems dramatically alter community
composition and consequently ecosystem function. Alterations of community structure usually
begin at the microbial level as it is here that organisms have mechanisms for extracting from the
external milieu elements that are required to synthesize new biomass. Clearly, all organisms
have requirements for nutrients that must be met if they are to persist and organisms differ in
their competitive ability to sequester these nutrients: Thus it follows logically that when
environments differ in nutrient conditions, there will be differences in community composition.
Obj ectives/Hy potheses:
We propose to examine several chemical and biological variables that may provide not only a
broadly applicable approach to understanding the biological consequences of nutrient loading in
aquatic systems, but may also provide a means of predicting the resulting community structure.
We base our approach on recent advances in aquatic microbial ecology and on theory developed
in the rapidly expanding field of ecological stoichiometry. The indicators we will examine are
(1) seston C:N:P ratio; (2) species-level responses of algae to nutrient bioassays; (3) community-
level responses of bacteria to nutrient bioassays; (4) community structure of algae; (5)
community structure of bacteria; and (6) the estimated ratio of algal to bacterial specific growth
rates. Our general hypothesis is that these indicators will reflect nutrient-related stresses,
including eutrophication and alterations of nutrient loading ratios.
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Approach:
We will employ a standard protocol for sampling events, consisting of sampling standard
limnological and water quality parameters, seston stoichiometric analysis, and algal and bacterial
dilution bioassays to identify limiting nutrients and estimate in situ growth rate and degree of
nutrient limitation. Over 3 years, this protocol will be applied in two warm temperate reservoirs
in Texas where previous work suggests differing patterns of nutrient limitation, and in two cool
temperate lakes, one of which is pristine, and one which is experimentally eutrophied.
Expected Results:
We hope to demonstrate that the proposed indicators sensitively reveal seasonal shifts in nutrient
limitation, interannual, inter-lake, and regional differences in nutrient stress and loading, and the
effects of experimental eutrophication. The microbial indicators we propose should have wide
applicability in nearly all aquatic habitats, and are based on ecosystem components with very
rapid responses to environmental changes. These indicators are short-term, and thus feasible to
repeat at larger temporal and spatial scales. Our study will reveal whether these short-term
indicators adequately reflect whole-lake and larger-scale responses to nutrient stresses
Relevant Websites:
http://www.uta.edu/chrzanowski
http://www.uta.edu/grover
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/36/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/36/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/36/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1998,1999,2000
Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in Peripheral Blood
EPA Grant Number: R825955
Title: Development of Biomarkers for haloacetonitriles-induced cell injury in Peripheral Blood
Investigators: Ahmed Elsayed Ahmed
Institution: University of Texas Medical Branch - Galveston
EPA Project Officer: Cynthia Nolt-Helms
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $485,147
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description:
Drinking waters are contaminated with a mixture of Halogenated hydrocarbons that are
disinfection byproducts. Among those are a number of toxic and carcinogenic. Halogenated
acetonitriles that are known to stimulate a variety of acute and chronic adverse effects in man
and in laboratory animals. The goal is to develop unique biomarkers, in a readily accessible
compartment such as blood, for HAN exposure and HAN-induced cell injury. This injury may
result from HAN-induced alkylative or oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules such as
hemoglobin and DNA. We also plan to evaluate some of the responses to HAN in human
peripheral blood cells in vitro and develop an animal model of dermal and inhalation exposure to
HAN using female rats and mice.
Approach:
Methods will be developed for quantification of alkylative (cyanomethylated) and oxidative
damage to cellular macromolecules ( hemoglobin and DNA) using a highly sensitive and specific
techniques such as HPLC with electrochemical detection and Gas chromatography/Mass
spectroscopic detection of alkylated molecules. These techniques will be applicable for assessing
exposure to a wide variety of small environmental pollutants and will be a sensitive method for
exposure assessment of in vivo alkylative and oxidative damage. Thus, we aim to address both
methodology development for biomarkers of exposure and correlation of biomarkers in
peripheral blood cells (erythrocytes and lymphocytes) with HAN-induced pathological signs.
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Expected Results:
Expected Results will identify target tissues of toxicity, cellular injury and macromolecular
damage, that will be used to identify and qunatitate biomarkers of the adverse effects of HAN.
Data obtained will define how HAN reacts with peripheral blood cellular macromolecules. This
will provide basis for the development of regulatory guidelines and policies governing the
tolerance levels for chronic HAN exposure in man.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/195/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://c{pub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/195/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/195/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2001
Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental estrogen, and p,p'-
DDE, an antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic croaker during critical periods of their
reproductive life history cycles
EPA Grant Number: R826125
Title: Reproductive and endocrine effects of o,p'-DDT, an environmental estrogen, and p,p'-
DDE, an antiandrogen in male and female Atlantic croaker during critical periods of their
reproductive life history cycles
Investigators: Peter Thomas
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $430,010
Research Category: Endocrine Disrupters
Description:
The overall aim of the proposed research is to understand the nature, extent and mechanisms of
reproductive and endocrine toxicity of a representative xenobiotic estrogen, o,p'-DDT, and a
putative xenobiotic antiandrogen, p,p'-DDE, in an established vertebrate model, the teleost
Atlantic croaker. The following specific hypotheses will be tested: (1) Embryo logical
development, gonadal differentiation, puberty and gonadal growth are sensitive stages of the
teleost reproductive life history cycle to disruption by estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals;
(2) The reproductive toxicities of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in both male and female croaker are
primarily due to their estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, respectively; (3) Endocrine
disruption in males by xenoestrogens is mediated by their binding to the testicular estrogen
receptor (ER) and disruption by antiandrogens in females is caused by* binding to the ovarian
androgen receptor (AR) in addition to the more traditional sites of estrogen and androgen action
on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis; (4) Males in general are more sensitive than
females to the reproductive effects of estrogenic chemicals.
Approach:
The effects of in vivo administration o,p'-DDT will be compared to those of a synthetic
estrogen, diethylstilbestrol and the effects of o,p'-DDE will be compared to those of an
antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (hypothesis 2). The effects of both DDT analogs will be
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compared to those of p,p'-DDD which does not bind to either the ER or AR in croaker
(hypothesis 2) and a DDT mixture which approximates the analog composition in fish samples
collected from the Southern California Bight. Both male and females will be exposed to the
model compounds throughout their life cycles to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how
chemicals impair teleost reproduction (hypothesis 1) and which reproductive life cycle stage is
the most sensitive (hypothesis 4). Indices of reproductive function such as gametogenesis, sex
differentiation, hatching success and sperm motility, as well as indices of endocrine function
such as steroid and gonadotropin secretion and receptor concentrations will be measured after
exposure to the model compounds. The sites of estrogen action will be determined by in situ
hybridization of the ER mRNA and androgen action by AR assays (hypothesis 3). Estrogenic
and antiandrogenic actions of the model compounds will be assessed by specific assays
(hypothesis 2). Interactions of the model compounds with the ER and AR and will be examined
in competition studies (hypothesis 2 and 3).
Expected Results:
It is expected that the results will support the 5 hypotheses outlined above. We expect to
demonstrate for the first time the involvement of an ER in fish testes in mediating the adverse
effects of xenobiotic estrogens on testicular function and the involvement of the AR in mediating
the toxic actions of antiandrogens on ovarian function in vertebrates. These studies are expected
to provide mechanistic explanations of how xenoestrogens and xenobiotic androgens can
interfere with gonadal sex differentiation and reproductive development and induce feminization
in fish and wildlife. The mechanisms of toxicity are expected to be similar to those reported in
mammals and therefore can be extrapolated to other vertebrate groups. Our findings will be
valuable for conducting risk assessments by state and federal agencies, especially for DDT
contamination in fish populations in the Southern California Bight.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fijseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/164/report/1999
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/164/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998,1999, 2001, Final
The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
EPA Grant Number: R826161
Title: The Effect of In Situ Biosurfactant Production on Hydrocarbon Biodegradation
Investigators: Keith A. Strevett, R. Tanner, David A. Sabatini, J. Everett
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: March 10, 1998 through March 9, 2001
Project Amount: $323,072
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
The goal of this research is the development of a mechanistic and innovative methodology that
can effectively predict and describe anaerobic and aerobic biodegradability of hydrocarbons as
impacted by biosurfactants.
Approach:
The proposed study derives from the fundamental hypothesis that bioavailability of
hydrocarbons in mixed chemical matrices can be described based on the individual interactions
occurring in the environment. These interactions may include soil-chemical, soil-microorganism,
soil-biosurfactant, microorganism-biosurfactant, etc. This research effort will, therefore, set out
to quantitatively determine: the biological removal of hydrocarbons in a chemical matrix (e.g.,
light non-aqueous phase liquid) considering both anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in the
presence of biosurfactant produced in situ; assessment of abiotic surface characteristic as altered
by biosurfactants examine the decrease of interfacial tension of sorbed compounds; impact of
biosurfactants on chemical transport; assessment of microbial (biotic) surface characteristic as
altered by biosurfactants impact of biosurfactant on contaminant transport across cellular
membrane or decrease of interfacial tension, thus increase/decrease microbial attachment to a
solid matrix; impact of biosurfactants on microbial migration ability of microorganism to
transport with a contaminated plume; and development of a mechanistically based model to
predict the effect of in situ biosurfactant production on bioavailability based on the
physicochemical characteristic of the surfactant and the surface thermodynamics of the soil and
indigenous microorganisms. This prediction will use traditional interfacial forces, including
Lewis acid/base, van der Waals, and electrostatic forces determined via contact angle
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measurements and electrophoretic assays, as well as, traditional biokinetic models.
This research proposal outlines the implementation of batch experiments to determine intrinsic
biodegradation coefficients in both anoxic and oxic conditions, biosurfactant sorption kinetics,
apparent biodegradation kinetic coefficients in the presence of biosurfactant produced in situ,
biosurfactant-hydrocarbon interaction, biosurfactant-soil matrix interactions, and biosurfactant-
chemical matrix interactions. In addition, column experiments are used to evaluate batch
experiment parameters in a flow field to promote further evaluation and scale-up of the
fundamentally-based model. The experimentally determined results will be compared with
theoretical predictions using independently determined surface thermodynamic and biokinetics
parameters.
Expected Results:
The expected results from this research will produce an advanced methodology to describe and
predict bioavailability impact on bioremediation strategies. This methodology integrates
physicochemical and biogeochemical processes with biophysical chemistry to evaluate migrating
groundwater contamination scenarios.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/917/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/917/report/1999
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/917/report/2001
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/917/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 2000, Final
Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly-Ash Mediated Formation of
PCDD/F
EPA Grant Number: R826166
Title: Investigation of the Elementary Reaction Mechanisms of Fly- Ash Mediated Formation of
PCDD/F
Investigators: Barry Dellinger
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $202,976
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
Combustion and thermal processes are generally recognized as the major source of
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in the environment. The US-
EPA has targeted their emissions for stringent new regulation that generally involve the
installation of costly new control devices that only transfer the PCDD/F to different media. The
goal of this project is to prevent the formation of PCDD/F through modification of conditions in
the source. Since it is now well-established that PCDD/F are formed in the post-combustion
region, our strategies focus on techniques that apply to "cool-zone" chemistry.
We have developed a unified pathway of formation that incorporates most of the known
observations and theories of PCDD/F formation. This pathways suggests the following
hypothesized control strategies that we will test in this project:
Control through prevention of de novo formation of small-molecule, PCDD/F precursors that
are formed from gas-solid reactions of combustion-generated radicals with combustion
generated soot and char.
Control of chemisorption of large-molecule precursors (formed from gas-phase molecular
growth involving the de novo precursors) on fly-ash surfaces.
Control of surface catalyzed chlorination by transition metal chlorides.
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Approach:
We will use model fly-ashes and model soots/chars to test each step in our unified pathway and
determine: 1) the rate controlling step, 2) the rate controlling reagents, and 3) the range of
conditions under which each step occurs. A packed-bed flow reactor will be used to study
chemisorption and chlorination of chemical probes. Surface analysis of the model fly-ashes (i.e.
doped silica and alumina foams) will be performed to determine the chemical nature of their
surfaces and will be used to correlate their structure with observed yields of PCDD/F. A laser
photolysis/photoionization mass spectrometer system will be used to study the products of
reactions of Cl, H, O, OH, and HO2 with various soots in a wall-coated reactor. The data from
each type of experiment will be incorporated into a unified reaction kinetic model.
Expected Results:
The goal of this project is to manage risk from exposure to combustion-generated PCDD/F. We
will develop specific methods for prevention of formation of PCDD/F that can be subjected to
field evaluation. We will also develop a unified model of formation that will suggest general
prevention strategies for further development. Successful implementation of these techniques
will speed the reduction in PCDD/F emissions as well as reduce the cost of control.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/921/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/921/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998,1999, Final
Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
EPA Grant Number: R826168
Title: Innovations in Vapor Phase Bioreactor Design
Investigators: Kerry A. Kinney
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: December 1, 1997 through November 30, 2000
Project Amount: $293,809
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
The purpose of the proposed research is to develop an efficient, vapor phase bioreactor that will
reliably treat VOC-contaminated air streams over long periods of time. Conventional vapor
phase bioreactor systems do not adequately control several important operating parameters such
as biomass distribution, biomass activity and nutrient/moisture levels within the biofilm. These
simple systems work acceptably during short term tests in the laboratory but fail to ensure
reliable performance in the field where process variables fluctuate widely. In this study, the
following three design features will be investigated for their ability to overcome several key
problems that inhibit the reliable performance of vapor phase bioreactors:
(1) Directionally-switching operation (to improve biomass distribution and prevent
clogging);
(2) Slip stream feed (to maintain high biomass activities even during periods of little or
no contaminant feed); and
(3) An aerosol system (to efficiently deliver nutrients and moisture to the biofilm).
Approach:
Four, laboratory-scale, vapor phase bioreactors will be constructed that incorporate each of the
bioreactor design innovations described above. During the first phase of the study, the
directionally-switching parameters required to control biomass accumulation and distribution
will be determined. During second study phase, the effectiveness of the slip stream to maintain
high biomass activity during continuous operation as well as during system shutdowns will be
evaluated. The final study phase will be devoted to optimizing the aerosol nutrient and moisture
delivery system. To make the study results broadly applicable, the effectiveness of each of these
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design modifications will be determined for a bioreactor packed with inert media as well as for a
bioreactor packed with a natural, compost-based material.
Expected Results:
Vapor phase bioreactors have the potential to treat air streams contaminated with VOCs in a
cost-effective and efficient manner. Unlike other air pollution control technologies, vapor phase
bioreactors are relatively "clean" systems that do not consume large amounts of energy or
generate undesirable byproducts. Successful optimization of the three design innovations will
allow greater control of several important operating parameters and, ultimately will result in
more stable and efficient bioreactor performance. Particularly for small businesses, an
inexpensive, low-risk, and reliable vapor phase bioreactor will make it much easier to comply
with increasingly stringent control requirements for VOC emissions.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/776/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/776/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/776/report/F
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Qctoncei to AcHi
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998,1999, 2000,2001, Final
Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures of Biodegradable
and Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular Activated Carbon Columns
EPA Grant Number: R826170
Title: Role of Microbial Metabolism and Cometabolism in Treating Mixtures of Biodegradable
and Nonbiodegradable Chemicals in Granular Activated Carbon Columns
Investigators: Gerald E. Speitel
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: December 1, 1997 through November 30,2000
Project Amount: $304,688
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is widely used to treat water contaminated with synthetic
organic chemicals (SOCs). Practically no information is available on combining adsorption and
biodegradation to treat mixtures of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable SOCs, a very common
problem. Biodegradation can increase the GAC service life and improve process performance
relative to adsorption alone. This research seeks to 1) develop a better understanding of the effect
of biodegradation on the service life of GAC columns, 2) identify conditions where metabolism
of SOCs is advantageous, and 3) identify conditions where Cometabolism of SOCs is
advantageous.
Approach:
The objectives will be achieved by an experimental program, complemented by mathematical
modeling. SOCs over a broad range of characteristics will be studied from among the chemicals
of current concern. Most experiments will involve two-component mixtures of a biodegradable
and nonbiodegradable SOC. Typical GAC columns consist of three zones: exhausted GAC, mass
transfer, and virgin GAC zones. All three are important to the success of biodegradation/
adsorption systems in different ways. To discern the contribution of each zone, column
experiments will be conducted with exhausted GAC zones only, mass transfer zones only, and
complete GAC columns. Gas chromatography and radiochemical techniques with 14C-SOCs
will be used to track the fate of both SOCs. Cometabolism is a technique for biodegrading SOCs
that are, in a traditional sense, nonbiode-gradable. No research has been done on Cometabolism
in GAC columns; therefore, preliminary experiments will be run to identify appropriate growth
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chemicals to stimulate cometabolism, prior to column experiments. Supporting experiments will
measure desorption, displacement, and irreversible adsorption, which mainly affect
bioregeneration of the GAC. Also, various equilibrium and kinetic parameters will be measured
to support experimental design, data analysis, and modeling. Two existing
biodegradation/adsorption models will be used, a simple equilibrium model and a sophisticated
kinetic model. The models will provide a framework for synthesizing the experimental results
into general observations on the applicability of biodegradation/adsorption systems for the
treatment of mixtures.
Expected Results:
This research will fill a significant gap in our knowledge about GAC treatment, a gap that has
economic, process performance, and health ramifications. Biodegradation/ adsorption systems
are potentially less costly because the GAC service life can be longer than with adsorption alone.
Ignorance of the process fundamentals has stymied technological advances beyond the current
practice of considering only adsorption. This work will provide the fundamental information
needed to stimulate innovation in treating mixtures of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable
SOCs. This research will develop the a comprehensive experimental database on the
performance of biodegradation/ adsorption systems in treating mixtures of biodegradable and
nonbiodegradable SOCs, and will provide guidance on when biodegradation is attractive relative
to adsorption alone and to what extent the GAC service life can be increased. The first data on
cometabolism in GAC columns will be developed, and further testing and verification of the two
computer simulation models will be possible. With this research, sufficient data will be available
to assess biodegradation/adsorption systems with confidence and to indicate under what
circumstances they are competitive with other treatment processes.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/speitel/home.html
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/920/report/1998
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/920/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/920/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseactionydisplay.abstractDetail/abstract/920/report/2001
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/920/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, 2000, Final
Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel approach for monitoring
the origin and fate of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment
EPA Grant Number: R826178
Title: Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry-A novel approach for monitoring
the origin and fate of hydrocarbon contaminants in the environment
Investigators: R. Paul Philp
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30,2000
Project Amount: $313,743
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Environmental Chemistry
Description:
Correlation of hydrocarbon contaminants with suspected sources is a formidable task,
particularly for weathered samples. GC and GCMS can produce ambiguous results when
correlating weathered and unweathered samples. This project will investigate using gas
chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry(GCIRMS) to determine the isotopic
composition of individual compounds for correlation purposes. Preliminary results have shown
the isotopic composition of resolvable individual compounds remain virtually unaffected by
weathering. Isotopic values are additive-thus if two gasoline samples commingle, a mixing
model can be developed to determine the relative proportions of the two gasolines in the mixture.
GCIRMS will also be investigated to monitor hydrocarbons in wildlife, and correlating them
with a specific spill.
Approach:
Crude oils and hydrocarbon products will be weathered and analyzed by GC, GCMS, and
GCIRMS before and after weathering, to determine changes resulting from weathering.
Asphaltenes will be isolated from severely biodegraded samples, pyrolysed and isotopic
compositions of the individual compounds determined as an alternative method for correlating
purposes. Laboratory studies will be undertaken with individual gasolines, and mixtures of
gasolines in varying proportions, to illustrate that isotopic values for the individual compounds
are additive. Investigation of oxygenated additives will increase the specificity since different
suppliers may use a common gasoline source but the additives may be company specific.
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Wildlife samples affected by oil spills will be analysed to determine if any recovered
hydrocarbons can be linked to a specific spill on the basis of the GCIRMS data.
Expected Results:
Preliminary data have indicated that GCIRMS has potential for monitoring the origin and fate of
hydrocarbons in the environment. Examination of more extensively degraded samples will
support this conclusion and permit development of a routine GCIRMS procedure, in conjunction
with GC and GCMS. Development of mixing models based on isotopic compositions of
individual compounds in gasoline samples will provide a useful tool for determining the
composition of mixtures resulting from leaking storage tanks. The key to all of these experiments
is based on the fact that preliminary results have shown that isotopic compositions of individual
compounds do not change significantly with weathering and secondly contaminants such as
gasoline that may have virtually identical GC and GCMS fingerprints can be discriminated on
the basis of their isotopic compositions.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/332/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/332/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/332/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000
Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical Wastes
EPA Grant Number: R826242
Title: Ecotoxicity Risks Associated with the Land Treatment of Petrochemical Wastes
Investigators: Robert L. Lochmiller, Charles W. Quails
Institution: Oklahoma State University
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $406,229
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Environmental Biology
Description:
Although many consider Land Treatment of Petrochemical Industrial wastes to be a viable and
safe management practice, recent field studies by our laboratory raises serious environmental
concerns regarding immunotoxicity and fluorosis risks to wild vertebrates. We propose to
examine these concerns by monitoring immunologic and pathologic responses of cotton rats
(Sigmodon hispidus) in situ by seasonally collecting resident animals from replicated Land
Treatment and Reference Sites throughout Oklahoma. Biomarker responses (immune system
function, biotransformation enzyme activities, pathology) will be compared to soil and tissue
contaminant levels to identify probable causative agents. We hypothesize that fluoride, lead,
arsenic, and other contaminants are universally high in Land-Treatment soils and that these
contaminants behave in a dose-response fashion to cause a high incidence of dental fluorosis and
immune system dysfunction in resident small mammal populations.
Approach:
Our experimental approach will be to seasonally (winter, summer) monitor demographic changes
and physiological integrity of resident rodents from 5 Land Treatment sites and 5 ecologically-
matched reference sites across 2 years to assess ecotoxicity risks from immunotoxicants and
fluoride in soil; a randomized block design. Populations will be surveyed to determine if survival
rate, recruitment, age/sex structure, and density are adversely impacted by Land Treatment of
petroleum wastes. Seasonally, adult rodents will be returned to the laboratory to assess immune
system function, pathology, biotransformation enzyme activity, and tissue contaminant levels.
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Expected Results:
Our studies will provide the first examination of ecotoxicity risks associated with the Land
Treatment of petrochemical waste products that are generated by the oil refining industry. We
anticipate that our research will identify potential problems with chronic exposure to
immunotoxicants and fluoride in the soil of these sites.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/894/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/894/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000
Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
EPA Grant Number: R826249
Title: Biological Markers of Exposure to Benzene
Investigators: Rogene F. Henderson
Institution: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE
Albuquerque, NM 87108
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz, Gail Robarge
Project Period: March 20, 1998 through March 19, 2001
Project Amount: $471,696
Research Category: Ambient Air Quality
Description:
Benzene is a ubiquitous airborne toxicant; to improve human health risk assessment for benzene
exposure, better assessment of human exposure to benzene is needed. Biological markers
provide a direct and objective means of monitoring the total exposure of individuals to specific
chemicals. Biological markers of exposure may include the presence of volatile organic
compounds in the exhaled air, organic compounds or their metabolites in blood or urine, adducts
formed with macromolecules such as nucleic acids or proteins, and breakdown products of such
adducts that appear in the urine. Some of these markers indicate more recent exposure (e.g.,
parent compound in exhaled air), while others are markers of more distant exposure (e.g.,
hemoglobin adducts). Our objective is to relate the level of the markers in the body in a
quantitative manner to prior exposures. It is our hypothesis that the use of a panel of exposure
markers, including markers of both recent and earlier exposure, is an effective strategy for
relating current levels of biomarkers of exposure to prior exposures. A person who had been
exposed to benzene, but not recently, will display markers with long half lives, but no short half-
life markers will be present. If both short and long half-life markers are present, but the levels of
the longer half-life markers are quite low, the individual has been exposed recently. If the level
of the longer half-live markers is relatively high compared to the short half-life markers, the
individual must have been exposed for an extended period of time.
Approach:
The half-lives of six biological markers of exposure to benzene will be determined in an animal
model (the B6C3F1 mouse); a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model will be developed
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that can predict the level of the different markers following different exposure scenarios in a
quantitative fashion. The model will be modified for human physiological parameters and the
model tested in humans exposed to known amounts of benzene. The six biomarkers of benzene
exposure to be measured, in order of increasing expected half-lives, will be benzene in exhaled
breath, benzene in blood, phenylmercapturic acid and muconic acid in urine, phenylcysteine
adducts on blood albumin and phenylcysteine adducts on hemoglobin.
Expected Results:
The utility of multiple markers for assessing prior exposures to benzene will be determined. A
battery of biomarkers rather than a single biomarker should provide risk assessors and managers
with a more complete picture of the pattern of both recent and prior exposures to chemicals and
will lead to better informed decisions in regard to health risks associated with exposure to that
chemical.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetaiyabstract/886/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/886/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) Populations to
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Belize, Central America
EPA Grant Number: R826310
Title: Exposure and Response of Morelet's Crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii) Populations to
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Belize, Central America
Investigators: Scott T. McMurry
Institution: Texas Tech University
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: December 1,1997 through November 30,2000
Project Amount: $159,788
Research Category: Endocrine Disrupters
Description:
Much of the concern regarding endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) stems from data
showing reproductive impairment and population declines of American alligators {Alligator
mississippiensis) in Lake Apopka, Florida. The principal objective of this study is to examine
exposure and response of another crocodilian, the endangered Morelet's crocodile (Crocodylus
moreletii), to EDCs in Belize and assess the effect of these chemicals on crocodile populations.
In a recent study, we found EDCs, including p,p -DDE, in Morelet's crocodile eggs from three
lagoons in Belize. We now hypothesize that crocodiles inhabiting contaminated lagoons contain
higher EDC concentrations in their tissues than individuals in non-contaminated areas, and that
differences in crocodile morphology, blood hormone levels, serum chemistry, reproductive
success, population density, and juvenile survival exist between contaminated and non-
contaminated sites.
Approach:
Blood, fat, non-viable eggs and population data will be collected (non-lethally) from crocodiles
on contaminated and reference sites to examine exposure and effects of EDCs at the individual
and population levels. To assess effects at the individual level, differences in biochemical
(plasma testosterone, 17B-estradiol, vitellogenin, serum chemistry) and morphological (penis
size) endpoints between contaminated and reference sites will be examined. Crocodile response
to EDC exposure at the population level will be assessed by examining differences in endpoints
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of reproductive success (nesting success, clutch viability) and population structure (density, size
structure, sex ratios, juvenile survivability) between contaminated and reference sites.
Expected Results:
When completed, this research will provide much-needed information on the linkage between
EDC exposure at the individual level and resulting effects at the population level. Comparison of
these data with data from American alligators from Lake Apopka will provide a unique
opportunity to examine whether Lake Apopka is a worst-case scenario or if similar reproductive
problems and population declines occur in other crocodilian species exposed to EDCs.
Moreover, this study will provide valuable insight into the efficacy of reptiles, particularly
crocodilians, as sensitive indicators of environmental contamination and ecosystems potentially
at risk. This information will be especially useful for ecological risk assessment in tropical
countries where reptiles are abundant and regulations governing the use of chemicals, some of
them EDCs, are underdeveloped or inadequately enforced.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999
Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-Induced Autoimmunity
EPA Grant Number: R826409
Title: Mechanism(s) of Chloroethylene-Induced Autoimmunity
Investigators: Neil R. Pumford, Kathleen M. Gilbert
Institution: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: March 25, 1998 through March 24, 2001
Project Amount: $374,384
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Human Health
Description:
The development of autoimmune diseases (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
erythematosus, and systemic scleroderma) is believed to be multifactorial, involving both genetic
and environmental components. Chemical exposures may be a major environmental influence on
the development of autoimmune diseases. Chloroethylenes are industrial chemicals with
widespread occupational exposure and are major environmental contaminants. Furthermore,
these chemicals are present at many hazardous waste sites at levels from hundreds of thousands
of times higher in ground water to millions of times higher in soils and sediment than EPA's
maximum regulatory levels in drinking water. There is good evidence for an association of
chlorinated ethylenes such as vinyl chloride, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene in the
causation of a life-threatening autoimmune disorder known as systemic sclerosis-like syndrome,
or scleroderma; the mechanism by which chlorinated ethylenes cause this sclerosis-like
syndrome is unknown. It is our hypothesis that the development of an autoimmune response in
certain susceptible individuals may be precipitated by the metabolic activation of
chloroethylene's to reactive intermediates that covalently modify proteins, such as cytochrome
P450 2E1, in hepatocytes, clara cells, leukocytes, lymphocytes, and keratinocytes. Covalent
binding damages the cells causing the release of chemotactic factors that recruit macrophages,
leukocytes, and lymphocytes. The damaged cells also release chloroethylene-modified proteins
that are phagocytized, processed and presented by macrophages to T cells specific for the
chemical modification. In addition, recruited macrophages and lymphocytes may directly
metabolize chlorinated ethylenes to reactive intermediates that covalently bind to the proteins
that promote T-cell and macrophage interactions, thereby leading to the release of cytokines that
stimulate fibroblasts and lead to the fibrosis and vascular damage observed in chloroethylene-
induced scleroderma-like disease.
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Approach:
Utilizing antisera specific for proteins covalently modified by chlorinated ethylenes we will
investigate the metabolic activation in hepatocytes, clara cells, keratinocytes, macrophages, and
CD4+ T cells. Immunohistochemical localization of the adducts within the liver, lung, and skin
in MRL/++ mice treated with chloroethylenes will help determine the cells involved in metabolic
activation and Western blot analysis of tissue will determine the protein targets. The mechanism
of immune-cell activation leading to autoimmunity and fibrosis will be determined in
autoimmune-prone MRL/++ mice. Chloroethylene-exposed scleroderma patients will be tested
for chloroethylene-modified proteins and/or antibodies directed against modified proteins.
Expected Results:
The results should provide insights into the mechanism(s) involved in chemical-induced
autoimmunity and may lead to the development of new treatments for patients with autoimmune
diseases, such as the development of new drugs to reduce a critical toxification pathway or to
induce a detoxification pathway. Investigation of a non-carcinogen endpoint for chlorinated
ethylenes will provide an additional endpoint for evaluating potential human risk. The utilization
of biomarkers for chloroethylene exposure will help identify susceptible individuals or
populations and is important for risk management. Additionally, the identification of a similar
mechanism(s) involved in humans is important for a more precise species extrapolation.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/875/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1998, 2000, Final
Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in Pristine and Contaminated
Mountain Streams
EPA Grant Number: R826649
Title: Photochemical Processes Controlling Manganese Chemistry in Pristine and Contaminated
Mountain Streams
Investigators: Diane M McKnight, Duane Hrncir
Institution: University of Colorado at Boulder, The University of Texas at Dallas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30,2001
Project Amount: $351,175
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Environmental Chemistry
Description:
Mountain streams receiving acid mine drainage are typically enriched in Al, Fe, and Mn. For Fe,
photochemical reactions control critical aspects of chemical speciation and transport. We
hypothesize that Mn photochemistry is also important in controlling Mn speciation and transport.
We will characterize diel variations in Mn speciation and quantify rates of photochemical
reactions at the stream scale.
Approach:
Our approach is based upon examining two stream scenarios; 1) a neutral pH stream with high
dissolved Mn concentrations in which direct Mn photochemical reactions are expected to be
most important and 2) an acidic stream with Fe concentrations greater than Mn concentrations in
which Mn chemistry may be controlled by cascading Fe photochemical reactions. We will also
measure diel Mn variations in a pristine stream. We will employ laboratory experiments to
characterize reaction rates with streambed substrates, will measure rates of microbial processes
involving Mn and will conduct in-stream perturbation experiments to probe dominant reactions.
For the perturbation experiments we will use conservative tracers to quantify the hydrology and
will use reactive solute transport codes (OTIS and OTEQ) to interpret the experiments.
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Expected Results:
From this research we will determine the dominant photochemical reactions contributing to the
transport of Mn and other trace metals in mountain streams receiving acid mine drainage or other
sources of excess trace metals. From our field experiments, we will be able to quantify the
processes at the stream scale using reactive solute transport codes. This research will provide
important tools for understanding and quantitatively modeling trace metal transport in surface
waters. Acid mine drainage is a major water quality problem in several major regions of the
United States and these modeling tools will be useful in evaluating the change in in-stream water
quality from different pollution abatement approaches.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/349/report/1998
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/349/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/349/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000,2001
A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and Composition of
Atmospheric Aerosols
EPA Grant Number: R826769
Title: A Portable Device for Real-Time Measurement of the Size and Composition of
Atmospheric Aerosols
Investigators: Murray V. Johnston, Gary A. Eiceman
Institution: University of Delaware, New Mexico State University - Main Campus
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2001
Project Amount: $580,963
Research Category: Air Pollution Chemistry and Physics
Description:
The goal of this research is to develop and field test a portable device for real-time size and
composition measurements of atmospheric aerosols. Individual particles are sized with a
commercial aerodynamic sizer and then ablated with a pulsed laser. Ions produced by the
ablation process are analyzed by ion mobility spectrometry. Each particle gives a unique
mobility spectrum that can be related to chemical composition. This approach has two important
advantages over more familiar methods involving mass spectrometry. First, the mobility
spectrometer operates at atmospheric pressure. Since high vacuum pumps are not needed, the
size and electrical power requirements of the instrument are greatly reduced. Second, sizing is
performed by an industry- standard aerodynamic method. Calibration of the particle size
distribution is relatively straight forward, and size-dependent biases of the particle transmission
efficiency are minimized. Thus, laser ablation ion mobility spectrometry has great potential as a
portable, stand-alone device for correlated size and composition measurements.
Approach:
This project is a blend of instrument development, fundamental investigations of ion mobility
spectrometry and field testing. Instrument development will emphasize the adaptation of proven,
field-worthy, commercially available technologies toward the goal of correlated size and
composition measurements. Once the instrument has been built, fundamental work will be
performed to establish and validate the link between mobility spectra and chemical composition
of aerosol particles. Important parameters to be investigated include the roles of laser irradiance,
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particle size, relative humidity and matrix effects on the distribution and mobilities of ions
produced by laser ablation. Field testing will be performed in tandem with ongoing
investigations of ambient aerosols by mass spectrometry. The instrument developed in this work
will be operated side-by-side with an aerosol mass spectrometer and conventional impactor
instruments to compare performance.
Expected Results:
Current methods for real-time correlated size and composition measurements are bulky and
require substantial electrical power. In contrast, the instrument developed in this work is portable
and will not be constrained to specialized measurement sites. Therefore, ambient measurements
should be possible over a wide range of locations. The instrument developed in this work will be
a research-grade device. In the future, a number of automated instruments could be built and
operated for extended periods of time to provide essential data to correlate to epidemiological
health indicators. The fundamental work, though not directly related to instrument development,
is required to correctly interpret chemical composition data from the instrument.
Improvement in Risk Assessment or Management:
Aerosol particles are important in a variety of air pollution processes. In particular,
epidemiological studies suggest a link between particle mass (PM) concentration and human
health. There is growing evidence that fine particles are toxic, possibly independent of
composition. It is likely that a thorough understanding of health effects will ultimately require
more information on the chemical composition of these particles in the atmosphere. Portable
instruments, such as the one developed in this work, are needed so that correlated size and
composition measurements can be performed at a wide range of locations, independent of
specialized service facilities available only at specific sampling sites.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/393/report/1999
2000 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/393/report/2000
2001 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/393/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, Final
Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled Alone and in
Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized Brown-Norway Rats
EPA Grant Number: R826778
Title: Effect of Ammonium Bisulfate and Carbon Black Particles Inhaled Alone and in
Combination on Airway Reactivity in Actively Sensitized Brown-Norway Rats
Investigators: Janet M. Benson
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
2425 Ridgecrest Dr.
Albuquerque, NM 87108
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30,1999
Project Amount: $199,035
Research Category: Health Effects and Exposures to Particulate Matter and Associated Air
Pollutants
Description:
A growing body of evidence suggests that relatively small, acute increases in the concentrations
of airborne particles above the National Ambient Air Quality Standard may be linearly
associated with increases in morbidity and mortality in urban populations. The purpose of the
research outlined in this proposal is to determine the relationship between increases in airborne
aerosol mass concentrations of three models of major components of PM10, ammonium
bisulfate, carbon black (a surrogate for fine soot particles), and ammonium bisulfate-coated
carbon black, and changes in pulmonary function and airway hyperreactivity, in allergen
sensitized Brown-Norway rats. Specifically, we will investigate the influence of the three inhaled
pollutant particle types (particle size 0.1 mm) on pulmonary function and airway reactivity in
allergen-sensitized male Brown-Norway rats, a rodent model for human extrinsic asthma. We
hypothesize that, of the three particle types, acutely inhaled ammonium bisulfate-coated carbon
black particles will give a greater airway response than the sum of the responses induced by
inhalation of either ammonium bisulfate or carbon black particles alone.
Approach:
Groups of 54 adult male ovalbumin-sensitized rats will be used. After baseline pulmonary
function and airway responses to ovalbumin and acetylcholine have been measured, the rats will
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be exposed in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 6 hours to ammonium bisulfate, carbon
black, and ammonium bisulfate coated carbon black particles. Respiratory function and airway
challenges will be performed on groups of 10 rats 1?2, 6?8, and 24 hours alter. Groups of 8 rats
each will be sacrificed at the same time points to evaluate the extent of inflammation produced.
Mean values of total pulmonary resistance, and dynamic lung compliance before and after
ovalbumin challenge and the concentration of acetylcholine that increases pulmonary resistance
to 200% of control will be calculated for each group. Group differences will be calculated using
multivariate analysis of variances, adjusted for multiple comparisons. If statistically significant
changes in pulmonary resistance or dynamic lung compliance and airway reactivity in response
to allergen specific and nonspecific challenge are not observed, for further acute exposure
studies will be conducted and we will proceed with subchronic exposures.
Expected Results:
It is expected that the ammonium bisulfate particles will produce greater airway effects than
either ammonium bisulfate or carbon black particles alone. These studies will result in a better
understanding of the importance of particle chemistry and combined versus single exposure in
influencing pulmonary function, airway hyperreactivity, and susceptibility to allergen-specific
and nonspecific airway challenge.
Improvement in Risk Assessment or Risk Management:
These data will better define pollutant particle types that may affect the incidence of asthma
attacks and help focus engineering controls and regulatory standards to reduce levels of these
emissions.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/f:useaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/244/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/244/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
EPA Grant Number: R826782
Title: Airborne Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Inflammation
Investigators: Andrij Holian, Maria T. Morandi, Edwin Parsley
Institution: University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Glenn
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30,2001
Project Amount: $674,288
Research Category: Health Effects and Exposures to Particulate Matter and Associated Air
Pollutants
Description:
Recent epidemiological studies have reported a statistically significant association between
short-term increases in airborne respirable particulate matter (PM) and increased mortality and
morbidity from respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Although toxic effects of airborne PM
have been demonstrated with a variety of animal models and, to a more limited extent, with
human subjects, the mechanism(s) that would explain the reported associations between
exposure to PM and adverse health effects remains to be elucidated. Given the results of the
epidemiology studies and some of the toxicology data, this mechanism(s) probably involves
exacerbation of pre-existing cardiovascular and pulmonary chronic diseases. The very large
number of individuals exposed to respirable PM and the lack of an accepted mechanistic
hypothesis to explain the reported adverse health effects emphasizes the importance of the
current proposed study. We propose that one of the important targets of PM:induced
inflammation is the alveolar macrophage (AM). The purpose of this study is to test the
hypothesis that fine PM (PM2.5) induce apoptosis of what is termed an immune suppressor
population of AM that allows the remaining immune active AM population to more easily
activate T helper cells resulting in activation of cytokine cascades and development of lung
inflammation. We further propose that these effects would be more pronounced in individuals
with chronic lung disease.
Approach:
There are four major goals of this research. Goal 1: To characterize PM2.5-induced apoptosis
and phenotype shifts in human AM in vitro and AM apoptosis and T helper cell activation in
murine models in vivo. Goal 2: To characterize the influence of age in murine models on the
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bioactivity of PM2.5. Goal 3: To characterize the effects of PM2.5 on AM apoptosis and
phenotype shifts in human AM isolated from patients with chronic lung disease. Goal 4: To
characterize the bioactive chemical components of PM2.5 that affect apoptosis and phenotype
shifts in human AM and T helper cell activation in murine models. To accomplish these goals
PM2.5 will be collected on polyester membrane filters until a sufficient mass (is accumulated for
groups of in vitro and in vivo studies. Sites for collection will be representative of industrial,
motor vehicle, residential and background sources around Houston as well as sites in El Paso,
TX. It is anticipated that approximately 30 separate filter pools will be collected during each
year of the study. Particles will be collected in a 12 hr daytime (photochemically derived PM)
and nighttime formate at each site. PM collected on filters from same site sampling will be
pooled for chemical analysis and biological studies. The PM will be analyzed for metals and
organic components. Additional positive and negative control particles will include NIST
particles 1648 and 1649, crystalline silica, titanium dioxide and ROFA particles (provided by the
EPA). Studies in Goal 1 will be in vitro studies to assess the ability of the PM to cause apoptosis
and necrosis of human AM, shifts in AM phenotypes, and stimulation of antigen presenting cell
activity. Similar studies (apoptosis and antigen presenting activity) will be conducted in vivo by
giving the particles intratracheally to C57B1/6 and Balb/c mice and will also include
measurements of Thl and Th2 cytokines in the lung lavage fluid. Lung inflammation caused by
the various PM will be assessed by differential analysis of lavaged AM and histological
examination of perfusion fixed lung sections. Studies in Goal 2 will be in vivo studies with mice
using optimal endpoints determined from Goal 1 and will examine very young mice and aged
mice obtained from the National Institute of Aging. Studies in Goal 3 will utilize AM obtained
from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma and chronic interstitial lung disease
and focus on whether PM are more effective in causing apoptosis, shifts in macrophage
phenotypes and stimulation of immune responses in cells from these sensitive subpopulations.
Studies in Goal 4 will fractionate PM into water soluble and organic soluble components and test
these on human AM in vitro and mice in vivo to determine where the biologically active
component of PM is located.
Expected Results:
We anticipate demonstrating that PM will cause a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis in
human AM in vitro that will preferentially deplete the suppressor AM population. The remaining
population of human AM will be able to more effectively stimulate T helper cells. Similar results
are expected in vivo with murine models. Further, we anticipate that AM from young and old
mice will be more susceptible to injury than cells from young adult mice. It is also expected that
AM obtained from patients with chronic lung disease will demonstrate an even greater shifts of
AM phenotypes than cells from healthy subjects. In addition, we propose that we will be able to
correlate the potency of PM some component(s) or property of PM.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000, 2001
Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
EPA Grant Number: R826785
Title: Effects of Inhaled Ultrafine Particles on Asthma
Investigators: David E. Bice, T. K. Redman, K. J. Nikula, E. B. Barr, Yung-Sung Cheng
Institution: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE
Albuquerque, NM 87108
EPA Project Officer:
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30,2001
Project Amount: $545,147
Research Category: Health Effects and Exposures to Particulate Matter and Associated Air
Pollutants
Description:
Epidemiological studies show that hospital admissions for asthma are positively associated with
the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the air. However, experimental data are limited
to support or contradict the possibility that the inhalation of low concentrations of ultrafme PM
increases asthma attacks. Immune and inflammatory cells localized to the lungs of asthmatics
respond to inhaled allergens with the production and release of cytokines and mediators that play
central roles in asthma attacks. Although the inhalation of allergens usually stimulates the
release of these cytokines and mediators, exposures to ultrafine particles may also trigger their
release in the lungs of allergic individuals. The objective of the studies described in this proposal
is to test two hypotheses: inhaled ultrafine particles trigger asthma attacks 1) directly by
stimulating the release of allergic-response cytokines in the lungs of asthmatics, or 2) indirectly
by decreasing the concentration of inhaled allergen necessary to cause asthma attacks.
Approach:
Mice that produce allergic immune responses in their lungs to inhaled ovalbumin will be
exposed to ultrafine (0.03 um) carbon particles. Three exposure scenarios will examine the
effects of short-term increases in the concentration of ultrafine particles as observed in the
environment on the induction of asthma. All three exposures will be at set at 50 fig total
particulate material (TPM)/m3 for 6 h with an increase in the ultrafine particle concentration to
200 u TPM/m3 for 1 hr. These scenarios will differ in the time that the particle concentration is
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increased. The increase to 200 ug TPM/m3 will start at 1 h, 3 h, or 5 h after the start of the 6 h
exposure. The effects of each exposure scenario on the release of allergic cytokines in the lungs
and the maximum number of inflammatory cells in lung lavage fluid and lung tissues will be
evaluated.
Expected Results:
We expect that inhaled ultrafme particles will stimulate the release of allergic mediators in the
lung, and that the increased pulmonary inflammation will reduce the level of inhaled antigen
necessary to induce allergic immune responses in the lungs that cause asthma.
Improvements in Risk Assessment or Risk Management: Data from the studies described in
this proposal are important to 1) estimate the risk of inhaling ultrafme particles on the induction
of asthma attacks in susceptible individuals, and 2) identify potential mechanisms responsible for
the increased risk of asthma attacks by inhaled PM.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/246/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfiii/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/246/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile Air Toxics in
Urban Environments
EPA Grant Number: R826786
Title: Characterization of Factors Determining Personal Exposure to Volatile Air Toxics in
Urban Environments
Investigators: N. A. Esmen, T. A. Hall, D. L. Johnson, M. L. Phillips
Institution: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz, Gail Robarge
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2001
Project Amount: $559,352
Research Category: Urban Air Toxics
Description:
Previous studies have provided valuable information regarding which sources actually contribute
significantly to personal exposure to ambient air toxics, and what factors affect the relative
weighting of these sources. However, in order to develop generalized models for estimating
personal exposure within and among broad populations, it is necessary to employ a more
advanced study design that will investigate the effects of external factors on personal activity
patterns and exposure levels. The primary objective of this project is to investigate how external
factors influence the relationship between personal exposures and area measurements of air
toxics.
Approach:
Using a multi-city, multi-season, two-level fractional factorial design, we will study the
distribution of personal exposures in relation to eight dichotomous macroenvironmental and
household factors which are hypothesized to influence personal activity and exposure patterns.
The factors studied will be: size of urban area, degree of industrialization, high vs. low and mild
vs. extreme seasonal temperature, presence or absence of precipitation, workday vs. leisure day,
presence or absence of children in the household, and socioeconomic status. The highly efficient
factorial design will allow the effects and interactions of these factors to be assessed using at
most 256 monitoring periods spread over about two years. The monitoring will be conducted in
about 100 volunteer households recruited in four Oklahoma cities. Only non-smoking
households in single-family dwellings will be included. One adult 21-50 years of age in each
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household will be selected randomly for personal exposure monitoring. Personal and area
hazardous air pollutant (HAP) exposure measurements will be performed indoors and outdoors
over 24-hr periods for a number of volatile organic compounds (VOC), including benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, n-hexane, and 2,2,4- trimethylpentane. VOC
concentrations will be assessed for 12-hr periods. Subjects will keep diaries to document
personal activities of study subjects, and diaries will be supplemented by precise location
tracking using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In addition, residences will be
characterized regarding resistance to infiltration/exfiltration. A pilot study on the use of multi-
stage piezoelectric microbalance impaction for the characterization of hourly indoor and outdoor
fine particulate matter size distributions will also be performed at study residences.
Expected Results:
The primary expected outcome of this work is a resolution of fundamental questions regarding
the underlying assumptions of previous HAP exposure assessment approaches. The extensive
number of well-planned measurements will also have ancillary benefits. By introducing eight
contrasts and five generic measures, with the exposure values split into two 12-hr segments, we
will be in a position to estimate relative contribution levels for HAP sources.
Improvement in Risk Assessment or Risk Management:
The results are expected to produce a model that can be used to define exposure models for other
populations. Both as a fundamental study and as an applied investigation of exposure parameters
and levels, the data generated are expected to provide a significant scientific basis for
understanding exposure mechanisms to air toxics.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/225/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/225/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000,2001
CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the Florida Keys
EPA Grant Number: R826939
Title: CISNet: Coral Bleaching, UV Effects, and Multiple Stressors in the Florida Keys
Investigators: Susan L. Anderson, Richard Zepp, Debbie Santavy
Institution: University of California - Davis
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: October 1,1998 through September 30,2001
Project Amount: $407,567
Research Category: Monitoring Program on Ecological Effects of Environmental Stressors
Using Coastal Intensive Sites
Description:
Elucidating interactions between climate, anthropogenic Stressors, and damage to significant
natural resources is a primary goal of CISNet. We will evaluate the role that climate change may
play in altering penetrance of UV radiation over coral reefs and potentially contributing to coral
bleaching. Our studies will be conducted at intensively monitored sites in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS). Thus, our work will add to ongoing investigations of
Stressors in coral related to coral disease and impaired water quality. Data available from
programs in the FKNMS will also help us characterize temperature and light conditions at our
sites in a cost-effective manner. Global climate change may contribute to coral bleaching
because thermal stratification causes both increased temperature and increased penetration of
UV light associated with photobleaching. Both of these Stressors are believed to contribute
significantly to coral bleaching.
Approach:
The remote sensing component of the proposal will first characterize underwater solar UV
irradiance and the factors that modify UV exposure in corals. Characterization of diffuse
attenuation coefficients under stratified and unstratified conditions will help to determine
whether increased stratification and photobleaching cause increased UV irradiance over corals.
Secondly, we will develop continuous observations of chromophoric dissolved organic matter
concentrations (CDOM) and algorithms that relate measured CDOM concentrations to sea
surface UV irradiance (predicted by remote-sensing and land-based radiometers). These efforts
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could be utilized to predict sites affected by increased UV and may eventually be related to coral
bleaching.
In the coral stressors component of the proposal, we will utilize biomarker techniques to
examine UV-specific DNA damages (thymine dimers) in relation to coral bleaching. We will
also use these techniques to characterize temperature and UV interactions under controlled
conditions. A monitoring study will be conducted in the FKNMS using Mote Marine
Laboratory-Pigeon Key Marine Research Center (PKMRC) as the base of investigations with
additional sampling in the Key West area and the Dry Tortugas National Park. The primary goals
of this investigation are to determine whether: 1) temperature or UV irradiance/ thymine dimers
better predict the occurrence of coral bleaching in field populations and 2) levels of thymine
dimers and coral bleaching vary significantly under stratified and unstratified conditions. If
significant positive correlations between UV exposure, thymine dimers, and coral bleaching are
observed, this would be the most thorough analysis we know of indicating that increased UV
irradiance associated with climate warming may have damaging effects on corals. To our
knowledge, no previous studies have employed state-of - the-art molecular techniques to
quantify UV-specific DNA damages in coral, utilizing these responses as "ecosystem indicators".
The proposed investigation involves extensive collaboration between the PI and federal
researchers. Matching funds in excess of $100,000 per year are provided by EPA.
Expected Results:
This research should result in significant advances in our understanding of the etiology of
devastating increases in coral bleaching in the Florida Keys, the third largest barrier reef in the
world.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/438/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/438/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/438/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, 2000, Final
Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
EPA Grant Number: R827065
Title: Environmental Condition On-Line DFW Metroplex (ECOPLEX)
Investigators: Kenneth L. Dickson, Howard Martin, Samuel F. Atkinson, William T. Waller,
James H. Kennedy, Miguel F. Acevedo
Institution: City of Denton , University of North Texas
EPA Project Officer: Madalene Stevens
Project Period: November 1, 1998 through October 31, 2000
Project Amount: $484,868
Research Category: Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking
(EMPACT)
Description:
The objective of the ECOPLEX proposal is, through the use of both innovative and proven
environmental monitoring technologies, to collect real time and time relevant environmental data
which will be used to inform the citizens of the City of Denton, the Elm Fork watershed and the
Dallas/Fort Worth metropolitan area of current, historical and near-term forecasts of
environmental conditions to which we are exposed. We propose a suite of parameters
encompassing the most pressing environmental issues this region is faced with: water, land and
air. These parameters include real time measures of clam gape, water quality (pH, temperature,
dissolved oxygen, conductivity), predicted chlorophyl, wind speed, air temperature, and rainfall,
which will be monitored at a site in Lake Lewisville and Pecan Creek?a tributary to Lake
Lewisville. Ozone concentrations, ultraviolet light levels, and air clarity will be monitored at the
Environmental Education and Science and Technology building on the campus of the University
of North Texas. These parameters will clearly communicate time-relevant data for one of the
largest metropolitan areas in the country, assisting our citizens in making environmentally
responsible decisions. Our objectives are to combine a suite of proven technologies for
measuring certain environmental parameters with a suite of innovative technologies recently
explored by university researchers to present our community with a comprehensive "systems"
view of our environment.
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Approach:
Our approach is two-fold: first, we intend to post on the world wide web a series of graphical
indices of each parameter measured (as well as combined indices indicating overall system
quality), with links to movies depicting the recent history of each parameter and predictions of
near future conditions. As important as the technological first step is, providing the community
with the knowledge of how to use the information is even more important. Therefore, our second
approach is to develop curriculum which will be delivered to the community, especially school-
aged children, via an intensive outreach program. We will hire teachers to develop curriculum
and conduct monthly workshops for teachers to show how to utilize the information in
classrooms, how people should view the information, and how to make environmentally
responsible decisions based on that information.
Expected Results:
Our intent is to provide a finely woven tapestry of technology which measures the quality of the
environment and tools which allow the community to understand how to interpret that
information. This project will result in a community which understands the interrelated nature of
our environment as well as past, present, and future conditions.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.ecoplex.unt.edu
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/428/report/1999
2000 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/428/report/2000
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/428/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000,2001
Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
EPA Grant Number: R827116
Title: Theoretical Evaluation of the Interfacial Area between Two Fluids in Soil
Investigators: Steven Bryant
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: October 1,1998 through September 30,2001
Project Amount: $246,378
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Physics
Description:
Nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) are among the primary sources of contamination of
groundwater. The overall rate of mass transfer of a chemical species between a NAPL and an
aqueous phase is a critical parameter in assessing risk from a given contaminant source, in
designing remediation strategies, and in interpreting results from allied technologies such as
interwell partitioning tracer tests used to assess the volume of NAPL in place. The rate of mass
transfer depends upon the thermodynamic driving force and the area of the interface between the
phases. The interfacial area depends very strongly upon the geometry of the pore space of the
host soil or rock and is consequently very difficult to measure directly. This project will develop
a novel mathematical modeling technique to predict the interfacial area from first principles.
Approach:
The configuration of fluid phases in a porous medium, and hence the interfacial area, is governed
by the pressure difference between the phases and by the geometry of the pore space. In
naturally occurring granular porous media the locations of the grains are random, and
consequently the pore space is highly irregular. This is the principal obstacle in obtaining
quantitative predictions of interfacial area. The proposed research overcomes this obstacle by
using a physically representative and geometrically determinate porous medium: the random,
dense packing of equal spheres described by Finney. This packing, and numerical modifications
of it, have proven to be excellent models of the pore structure in well-sorted sands and
sandstones, permitting quantitative a priori predictions of transport properties and capillary
phenomena. Previous research has yielded techniques for uniquely locating pore throats and pore
bodies in the packing, for extracting network representations of the pore space and for simulating
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both drainage and imbibition in these networks. These simulations provided only approximate
phase volumes. We propose to refine these techniques to provide more accurate phase volumes
and to compute for the first time interfacial areas. This will be done by computing the local
configuration of the phases on a pore-by-pore basis; this is feasible because the global capillary
pressure is known at any time during imbibition/drainage and the geometry of every pore is
known. The predictions can be validated by measurements from a recently published technique
employing interfacial tracers.
Expected Results:
Based on the success of previous applications that used physically representative model porous
media, this research should yield quantitative predictions of interfacial surface area in simple
granular porous media. The results will be presented as functions of the phase volume fractions
for both drainage and imbibition. The fundamental understanding obtained from these
predictions will serve as a guide to evaluating laboratory and field data. In particular, it will be
possible to extract the intrinsic mass transfer coefficient from the lumped mass transfer
coefficient which is typically obtained from column experiments, and this will greatly enhance
the ability to extrapolate laboratory data to field applications. Predictive models of fluid
interfacial area in porous media will also enhance the predictive capability of existing models of
subsurface multiphase transport, which often do not account for variation in interfacial area.
Improved transport models will yield more reliable assessments of contamination risks and
remediation strategies for NAPL sites.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.ticam.utexas.edu/CSM/EPA/area/index.html
http://www.ticam.utexas.edu/CSM/EPA/connectivity/index.html
http://www.ticam.utexas.edu/CSM/EPA/critcurv/index.html
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/406/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/406/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/406/report/2001
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-NJ
3TAR
**
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999
Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-Domain
Spectroscopy
EPA Grant Number: R827122
Title: Development of a New Gas Sensing System Based on Terahertz Time-Domain
Spectroscopy
Investigators: Daniel M. Mittleman, Richard G. Baraniuk
Institution: Rice University
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2001
Project Amount: $299,817
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
Spectroscopic methods for the sensing and identification of gases have shown great promise,
owing to their inherent non-invasive nature, relative simplicity, and high selectivity. The use of
far-infrared or terahertz (1 THz =1012 Hz, corresponding to a wavelength of-300 urn)
radiation for sensing purposes, though extremely valuable as a complement to well established
mid-infrared technologies, has not achieved great success. This is largely due to the complexity
of the instrumentation required for generation and detection of terahertz radiation, which renders
existing spectrometers impractical for most real-world sensing applications. The objective of this
research is to build a portable broadband spectrometer based on the recently developed technique
of terahertz time-domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
Approach:
The task of constructing a rugged, reliable, and portable THz-TDS system can be divided into
two broad areas, both of which are addressed in this proposal. The first deals with hardware
aspects, particularly the femtosecond laser system required for THz generation. The THz-TDS
technique must be adapted for operation with a mode-locked fiber laser. This will require the
development of new methods for THz generation, involving either new semiconductor materials
or efficient frequency doubling of the fiber laser. Also, novel chirped-pulse electro-optic sensing
techniques will be developed for compatibility with fiber coupling. The second involves the
development of algorithms for signal processing of the THz waveforms. Methods based on
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wavelet processing are expected to be particularly well suited for these signals, owing to the
strong resemblance of the measured waveforms to elements of a wavelet basis.
Expected Results:
A portable and reliable far-infrared spectrometer will be built and tested. This system will be
driven by a mode-locked fiber laser, and will therefore be largely insensitive to external
perturbation, optical alignment issues, etc. The newly developed signal processing procedures
will be incorporated into the software used to drive the real-time data acquisition system.
Collection of training data on a number of gases of interest will begin. This will be useful for
subsequent tests for determining the sensitivity of the system, as well as for an assessment of the
progress of this project. This prototype system will be suitable for field tests in a wide range of
industrial environments.
Improvement in Risk Assessment or Risk Management:
The development of a commercially viable far-infrared gas sensing system will be very much
complementary to the well established techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy. Whereas
those systems are extremely good at sensing numerous smaller molecules, such as many
greenhouse gases, they often find difficulty in identifying larger molecules, for which the
vibrational ^fingerprint' region exhibits highly complex and structured spectra. The far-infrared
spectra of these molecules are often far less complicated, as only the rotational degrees of
freedom are involved. As a result, identification based on terahertz ?fingerprint' spectroscopy is
often easier with larger polar molecules. Many candidate molecules are commonly used in
industrial applications, including solvents such as acetonitrile, acetone, and trichloroethane,
halogenated benzenes, and many chlorofluorocarbons. Industrial users are required to monitor
the release of these species into the environment, and will undoubtedly benefit from the
availability of a real-time monitoring system such as the one whose development is proposed
here.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/351/report/1999
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2000
Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using Stakeholder Feedback
to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
EPA Grant Number: R827147
Title: Development of an Urban Watershed Rehabilitation Method Using Stakeholder Feedback
to Direct Investigation and Restoration Planning
Investigators: Marty D. Matlock, Charles D. Samuelson, William H. Neill, Tarla Rai Peterson,
Ann L. Kenimer, Guy D. Whitten
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through September 30, 2001
Project Amount: $838,767
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
We will develop and test a method for restoring the ecological integrity of urban watersheds that
combines ecology, engineering and social science. Research questions to be addressed include 1)
Can a risk-based watershed model linked with two eco-indicators in a regressive ecological risk
assessment for a complex watershed quantify the uncertainty associated with ecosystem
rehabilitation?; 2) Will stakeholders' understanding of non-point source pollution (NPS) issues,
ability to use scientific information about TMDLs, and communication competence improve as a
result of Collaborative Learning (CL) intervention? A watershed model of ecological risk
assessment will be developed. Models of stakeholder knowledge levels, environmental attitudes,
and compliance patterns will also be developed.
Approach:
Our approach integrates ecology, engineering and social science. A watershed model linked with
an in-stream model has been developed to evaluate and optimize ecosystem management
strategies. Two integrated eco-indicators will be used to evaluate and communicate risk to the
stakeholder group. This risk-based model will be used to initiate discussions between
stakeholders and scientists in an iterative process that will result in an informed and stakeholder-
driven action plan for watershed rehabilitation. Social dilemma/game-theoretic analysis will be
used to develop models of compliance under different assumptions about time and other actors'
behaviors. A simulation of the interactive effects of human and non-human factors on watershed
nutrient levels will be developed.
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Expected Results:
This work will provide a system-based set of tools for quantifying the uncertainty associated
with nutrient pollution control at both the physical and social levels. The models that will result
from the work can be used to facilitate the development of more effective pollution control
approaches.
Improvement in Risk Assessment:
This project will provide a more sophisticated framework for the guidance and evaluation of
watershed-level decision making on TMDLs.
Relevant Websites:
http://www.agen.tamu.edu/sara/
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1011/report/1999
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1011/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999,2001
Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to Land Use and
Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River System
EPA Grant Number: R827168
Title: Social Impact Assessment of Human Exposure to Mercury Related to Land Use and
Physicochemical Settings in the Alabama-Mobile River System
Investigators: Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo, Eric E. Roden, Hobson C. Bryan, W. Berry Lyons,
Milton G. Ward, Indrajeet Chaubey
Institution: Austin College, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: December 21, 1998 through December 20,2001
Project Amount: $804,534
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
Mercury (Hg) concentrations above levels that could pose a health risk have been measured
recently in predatory fish from many rivers and reservoirs in the southeastern region of the
United States. This sector of country is particularly vulnerable to Hg contamination in aquatic
food chains due to the coexistence of natural and human-imposed conditions hypothesized to
enhance the transformation of inorganic Hg to methyl-Hg, its most toxic and readily bioavailable
form.
This research has two primary thrusts: (1) to explore geochemical and biological aspects of Hg
cycling and contamination in selected watersheds in the Mobile- Alabama River System
(MARS); and (2) to lay the groundwork for remedial policies through a social science-based
process of social impact assessment and public involvement. Specific objectives are to: (i)
improve our understanding of Hg biogeochemistry and its accumulation in biota within the
MARS; (ii) use this information to help predict the potential for Hg bioaccumulation in areas
with similar geochemical and geographical features; (iii) inform and involve key stakeholder
groups regarding the science of Hg contamination and its human implications; and (iv) lay the
groundwork for public understanding and support of possible remedial measures.
Approach:
We will examine the biogeochemistry of Hg in different types of aquatic environments within
the MARS, which we hypothesize will have contrasting levels of methyl-Hg in water and biota
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based on the following arguments. First, land use and human modifications of the hydrology of
rivers by the construction of dams have resulted in increased nutrient loading into streams/rivers
and increased sedimentation rates near water impoundments, respectively, allowing the
accumulation of organic rich particles and the development of anoxic conditions favorable to
transformation of inorganic Hg to methyl-Hg. Second, the abundance of shallow-water wetlands
in catchments of many river/reservoir systems in the MARS may be a significant source of
methyl- Hg to parallel and downstream aquatic systems. Therefore, inorganic Hg introduced to
the MARS from both point sources and discrete atmospheric deposition would easily build up in
aquatic food chains, particularly in dammed locations receiving industrial, agriculture or
municipal runoff and/or water inputs from surrounding wetlands. Finally, since the findings of
this study may result in appropriate regulatory responses, our plan includes the involvement of
the public in the assessment of risk imposed by elevated Hg levels in fish and the design of
policy recommendations for remedial measures.
Expected Results:
This research project is expected: (1) to provide an assessment of Hg biogeochemistry with an
overall goal of achieving an improved understanding of the impact of land use, dams and natural
settings such as wetlands on Hg cycling; and (2) to discern the policy implications of these
findings to achieve effective remedial strategies. The results of our research/spatial analysis in
the MARS will have direct transferability to other areas with similar geochemical and
geographical features, and will help predict the potential for Hg bioaccumulation in aquatic biota
(e.g., other areas within the state and in neighboring states in the Southeast).
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/589/report/1999
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/dispIay.abstractDetail/abstract/589/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple Levels of Biological
Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior and Population Dynamics In Fishes
EPA Grant Number: R827399
Title: Evaluation of Endocrine-Distrupting Chemical Effects Across Multiple Levels of
Biological Organization: Integration of Physiology Behavior and Population Dynamics In Fishes
Investigators: Peter Thomas
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: David H. Reese
Project Period: October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1999
Project Amount: $862,290
Research Category: Endocrine Disrupters
Description:
The overall aim of the proposed research is to understand the nature, extent and mechanisms of
reproductive and endocrine toxicity of a representative xenobiotic estrogen, o,p'-DDT, and a
putative xenobiotic antiandrogen, p,p'-DDE, in an established vertebrate model, the teleost
Atlantic croaker. The following specific hypotheses will be tested: (1) Embryological
development, gonadal differentiation, puberty and gonadal growth are sensitive stages of the
teleost reproductive life history cycle to disruption by estrogenic and antiandrogenic chemicals;
(2) The reproductive toxicities of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in both male and female croaker are
primarily due to their estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, respectively; (3) Endocrine
disruption in males by xenoestrogens is mediated by their binding to the testicular estrogen
receptor (ER) and disruption by antiandrogens in females is caused by binding to the ovarian
androgen receptor (AR) in addition to the more traditional sites of estrogen and androgen action
on the hypothalamus-piruitary-gonadal-liver axis; (4) Males in general are more sensitive than
females to the reproductive effects of estrogenic chemicals.
Approach:
The effects of in vivo administration o,p'-DDT will be compared to those of a synthetic
estrogen, diethylstilbestrol and the effects of o,p'-DDE will be compared to those of an
antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (hypothesis 2). The effects of both DDT analogs will be
compared to those of p,p'-DDD which does not bind to either the ER or AR in croaker
(hypothesis 2) and a DDT mixture which approximates the analog composition in fish samples
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collected from the Southern California Bight. Both male and females will be exposed to the
model compounds throughout their life cycles to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how
chemicals impair teleost reproduction (hypothesis 1) and which reproductive life cycle stage is
the most sensitive (hypothesis 4). Indices of reproductive function such as gametogenesis, sex
differentiation, hatching success and sperm motility, as well as indices of endocrine function
such as steroid and gonadotropin secretion and receptor concentrations will be measured after
exposure to the model compounds. The sites of estrogen action will be determined by in situ
hybridization of the ER mRNA and androgen action by AR assays (hypothesis 3). Estrogenic
and antiandrogenic actions of the model compounds will be assessed by specific assays
(hypothesis 2). Interactions of the model compounds with the ER and AR and will be examined
in competition studies (hypothesis 2 and 3).
Expected Results:
It is expected that the results will support the 5 hypotheses outlined above. We expect to
demonstrate for the first time the involvement of an ER in fish testes in mediating the adverse
effects of xenobiotic estrogens on testicular function and the involvement of the AR in mediating
the toxic actions of antiandrogens on ovarian function in vertebrates. These studies are expected
to provide mechanistic explanations of how xenoestrogens and xenobiotic androgens can
interfere with gonadal sex differentiation and reproductive development and induce feminization
in fish and wildlife. The mechanisms of toxicity are expected to be similar to those reported in
mammals and therefore can be extrapolated to other vertebrate groups. Our findings will be
valuable for conducting risk assessments by state and federal agencies, especially for DDT
contamination in fish populations in the Southern California Bight.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/450/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/450/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 2000, Final
Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital Economy: Towards an
Informational Ecology for the Greening of Electronic Commerce
EPA Grant Number: R827582
Title: Exploring the Environmental Impacts of the E-merging Digital Economy: Towards an
Informational Ecology for the Greening of Electronic Commerce
Investigators: Daniel Z. Sui
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: October 1, 1999 through September 30, 2000
Project Amount: $69,777
Research Category: Futures
Description:
The objective of this project is to unpack the paradoxical relationship between the digital
economy and the environment by addressing three key questions: 1. To what extent and under
what circumstances, is the electronic delivery of goods and services going to substitute,
complement, or synergistically integrated with traditional ways of doing business? 2. What are
the environmental consequences, measured in terms of energy/material consumption and waste
production, of using the Internet to deliver information-based products or services? 3. What are
the environmental consequences, measured in terms of energy/material consumption and waste
production, of using the Internet to facilitate the retailing of tangible goods and products?
Approach:
By extending previous works in industrial ecology, this project develops an informational
ecology approach as the guiding analytic framework. Detailed environmental life-cycle analysis
(LCA), including inventory, impact, and improvement assessment, will be conducted for both
the digital delivery of information-based products and the retails sale of tangible products over
the Internet.
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Expected Results:
EPA should expect a ground-breaking development in information ecology - a new conceptual
and analytical framework that can be operationalized in practice to systematically examine the
environmental impacts of the emerging digital economy. This research will also provide
recommendations to EPA on how to conduct environmental audit for electronic commerce and to
companies doing cyber-businesses how to create a synergy between industrial metabolism and
information processing to increase their eco-efficiency of all their operations.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/990/report/2000
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/f\iseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/990/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001,2002
Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian
Communities in Semi-arid Environments
EPA Grant Number: R827677
Title: Regional Ecological Resource Assessment of the Rio Grande Riparian Corridor: A
Multidisciplinary Approach to Understanding Anthropogenic Effects on Riparian Communities
in Semi-arid Environments
Investigators: Jay Raney, Jeri Sullivan, Melba Crawford, Amy Neuenschwander, Gene Paull,
Javier Gonzales-Ramos, Frank Judd, Eric Rieken, Robert Lonard, Thomas Tremblay
Institution: University of Texas at Austin , University of Texas - Pan American , University of
Texas at Brownsville
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: September 1, 1999 through August 31,2002
Project Amount: $642,496
Research Category: Regional Scale Analysis and Assessment
Description:
The objectives of this study are to: 1) acquire and analyze high-resolution remotely sensed data
from multiple sensors; 2) integrate existing and new field data and remotely sensed data into a
Geographic Information System (GIS) to map the riparian vegetation of the lower reach of the
Rio Grande; 3) ascertain whether the native communities are maintaining themselves and
identify the topographic, edaphic, and other ecological factors that perpetuate these
communities; 4) interpret spatial variations in riparian habitats, including comparisons of the
northern and southern banks of the Rio Grande; 5) analyze temporal changes at specific
locations; 6) develop a foundation for future analysis of riparian floodplain communities by
linking local and remotely sensed regional data using a GIS.
Approach:
The study area includes the lower reach of the Rio Grande from Falcon Dam to the mouth of the
river in Cameron County. First, existing, detailed local- scale (0.5-1 m) ecological data in the
form of transect statistics for dominant riparian vegetation will be, correlated with existing high-
resolution videography and CASI multispectral data (0.5-4 m scale) to delineate the spatial
extent of the riparian community. This will provide ground truth for the classification of high-
resolution (4-7 m) hyperspectral and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Classification output
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from high-resolution imagery will in turn provide the class mixtures for medium-resolution (20-
30 m) Landsat TM and SPOT multispectral data that cover the entire study area, on both sides of
the Rio Grande. Existing data on geology, soils, water quality, and hydrology, and topographic
information from TOPSAR, as well as laser altimetry data acquired for the study, will be
investigated as additional inputs to the classification process and used to help explain temporal
and spatial changes in ecological resources indicated in the remotely sensed data.
Methodologically, we will evaluate the potential benefits of multiple classification approaches,
including multi-resolution neural networks, fuzzy Bayesian classifiers, and contextual
classification algorithms. We will use GIS-based spatial models and statistical modeling
techniques to assess how information gathered at fine scales in intensive, local studies can be
extrapolated to broad scales for ecological monitoring and landscape change analysis.
Expected Results:
Model results will be used to predict the expected future effects of landscape change on plant
distributions and community biodiversity and functional organization at multiple scales of
resolution. Methodologies will be developed to guide future assessments of riparian regions.
This project will help link local, riparian data with regional remote sensing data in a unique
location that is undergoing extensive environmental change, while providing the opportunity to
evaluate the potential for multiresolution analysis of an extensive multisensor, remotely sensed
data set.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/456/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/456/report/2001
2002 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetaiI/abstract/456/report/2002
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted Gas Streams
EPA Grant Number: R827719
Title: Ferric Oxide/Alkali Metal Oxide Induced Oxidation of CHCs in Polluted Gas Streams
Investigators: Barry Bellinger
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: September 1, 1999 through August 31, 2002
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description;
With the more stringent MACT standards for control of toxic air pollutants and VOCs, there is
an ever increasing emphasis on developing higher efficiency, more cost effective control
technologies. Carbon absorption and noble metal catalysts systems have been frequently
employed but suffer from several important problems. Noble metal catalysts are costly, subject
to fouling, and are not very effective on chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), while carbon
absorption only transfers the pollution burden to a new medium. We have recently begun to
study ferric oxide/alkali metal oxide based catalysis systems and generated initial data that
indicates they can be effectively used to destroy CHCs and hydrocarbons with efficiencies of
>99% at temperatures of 400 to 5007C. Preliminary data indicates that no organic by-products
are produced and HC1/C12 can be captured by the alkali metal oxide component of the support.
We propose to determine the mechanism of activity of this system and determine its utility as a
practical control technology for CHCs in polluted gas-streams. Our research objectives include:
Determination of the range of applicability of the catalytic system to CHCs (and selected
hydrocarbons) of varying molecular weight and electronic structure.
Examine the nature of the interaction of the pollutant with the surface and through
observation of stable reaction products and intermediates, and develop a mechanistic and
reaction kinetic model for the catalytic destruction of CHCs.
Vary the catalyst/support composition and manufacturing technique to arrive at an optimized
formulation.
Using reaction kinetic and performance models along with selected key experiments, devise
a conceptual design for a working practical system.
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Approach:
We will utilize a specially designed and constructed gas-solid reactor equipped with an in-line
GC-MS analytical system to evaluate the performance of the catalyst. Resonance Raman, XPS,
and reflectance FTIR will be used to probe the catalyst surface for reaction intermediates to
discern mechanistic information. Surface CHEMKTN reaction kinetic and reactor performance
models will be employed to model the performance of the catalyst system and scale it to a
practical, working system. CHCs and hydrocarbons of varying molecular structure will be used
as test materials to determine the mechanism of reaction and the scope of applicability.
Expected Results:
If successful, we will have developed a catalytic system that is efficient for normally recalcitrant
CHCs as well as hydrocarbons that is also low cost and robust. It could be applied to numerous
industrial effluent streams, including CHC manufacturing wastes, as well as combustion systems
where control of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) is of concern.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/982/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/982/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000
Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
EPA Grant Number: R827930
Title: Municipal Sewers as Sources of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Investigators: Richard L. Corsi
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz, Gail Robarge
Project Period: January 1, 2000 through December 31,2002
Project Amount: $298,798
Research Category: Urban Air Toxics
Description: There are greater than 15,000 publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) in the United
States. These POTWs serve as pathways for the discharge of hazardous compounds in all urban areas and
are potentially important with respect to urban air toxics for two reasons. First, the composition of
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) observed in wastewater provides a qualitative "snap shot" of the non-
mobile use of such chemicals in urban areas. Second, sewers themselves may serve as important
distributed (area) sources of volatile HAP emissions. Several HAPs that are commonly emitted by
POTWs include toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, benzene, methylene chloride, chloroform, and
tetrachloroethene. Additional compounds such as methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) are also observed at
relatively high concentrations in some municipal wastewater. While the concentrations of most of these
HAPs are typically observed at less than 10 to 20 mg/L in the influent streams of treatment plants, the
large volumes of wastewater that are collected suggest that significant mass discharges and airborne
emissions may occur from municipal sewers. Furthermore, the concentrations that are observed at the
influent to treatment plants may be significantly lower than corresponding concentrations in sewers if
significant emissions occur from the latter. The primary objectives of this study are to assess whether
municipal sewers are significant area sources of HAPs, and whether such emissions can lead to localized
"hot spots". Specific objectives include (1) development of a database that includes measured stripping
efficiencies for a wide range of volatile chemicals in municipal sewers, (2) estimation of HAP emissions
from a large urban sewer network, and (3) comparison of such emissions with other known sources of
HAPs.
Approach: Task 1 will involve a series of experiments to track the migration and partitioning of several
tracers over distances of 3 to 10 kilometers in operating sewers in Austin, Texas. At least four tracer
chemicals will be used and will span a wide range of Henry's law constants. Four separate reaches (series
of reaches) will be tested twice each for a total of eight experiments. Chemicals will be pre-dissolved in
water and injected into a submerged diffuser system in the underlying wastewater. Rodamine dye will be
injected from a second reservoir (drum), and will facilitate estimates of axial dispersion and wastewater
flow rates. Wastewater and sewer headspace samples will be collected at several locations along the
downstream flow path, including the head works of the treatment plant that serves each of the sewers to
be tested, with subsequent analysis using gas chromatography. The experimental database will be used to
ascertain the degree to which volatile HAPs are removed from wastewater prior to reaching a treatment
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plant. The data will also be used to evaluate two models (CMBA and naUTilus) that have been
developed, but not evaluated based on field data, to estimate VOC emissions from sewer networks.
Task 2 will constitute the first rigorous modeling effort to predict volatile HAP emissions from a large
and integrated municipal sewer system. The CMBA and naUTilus models will be used to predict volatile
HAP emissions from an entire (or large section of) urban sewer network in Houston, Texas. This effort
will involve extensive data collection regarding physical sewer system design, wastewater flow rates,
locations and types of dischargers to the system, and mass discharge rates. Predicted emissions will be
compared with other known sources of HAPs in the Houston Metropolitan area, including emissions from
POTW treatment facilities. The modeling effort is expected to lead to the identification of localized
emission "hot spots".
Task 3 will involve a field study to investigate emission " hot spots" that are identified during task 2. At
selected sites, two headspace air samples will be collected as a pre-screening for the occurrence and
concentrations of volatile HAPs. A set of three to six sites will be selected for study, depending on the
relative magnitudes of predicted emissions and pre-screening concentrations at each site. Each event will
occur over two or more days, and will involve the collection of wastewater samples in sewer(s) upstream
and downstream of the predicted hot spot. Gas samples will be collected in the sewer headspace at one or
more locations in the vicinity of each hot spot, depending on the sewer configuration, and will be
multiplied by headspace air exchange rates to estimate mass emissions. Headspace exchange rates will be
determined based on anemometry and selective addition and analysis of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). One or
more of the hot spots will be selected for additional study, and follow-up emission monitoring events will
be completed_as described above. However, parallel ambient monitoring will also be completed in the
near vicinity of the hot spot. Ambient samples will be collected at three locations, e.g., 10 to 100 m,
downwind and upwind of the emissions monitoring location.
Expected Results: The research proposed herein will be the most comprehensive study of volatile HAP
emissions ever completed for municipal sewers. Expected results include: A large database associated
with task 1 tracer studies. The database will be available in spreadsheet format, and will be beneficial for
the evaluation of existing and future models. A rigorous evaluation of the naUTilus and CMBA models.
If the models are proven to be acceptable emissions estimation tools, this effort will facilitate their use in
other urban areas. An answer as to whether a significant fraction of volatile HAPs that are discharged to
sewers are likely to be emitted prior to reaching a treatment facility. A well-defined methodology for
identifying air toxic "hot spots" in municipal sewers. A state-of-the-art database associated with HAP
emissions from sewers in a large urban area. An assessment of whether sewers are major sources of
volatile HAP emissions in urban areas, and whether future regulations are warranted to assess or control
such emissions. A final report to the USEPA. Several papers in peer-reviewed journals and conference
proceedings. Incorporation of findings into a short course that is offered on a regular basis at The
University of Texas at Austin.
Relevant Websites: A project-specific Web site will be developed after completion of Task 1, and will
highlight project objectives, progress, and selective findings of particular relevance to practitioners. It
also will include a list of conference and journal manuscripts and presentations associated with the
project, and a separate list of related literature. Some of this information currently exists on Dr. Corsi's
Web site at http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/corsi/).
Progress and Final Reports: 2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/496/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
EPA Grant Number: R827963
Title: The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System
Investigators: Hilary Kitz, Gaylon Pine, William Potter, Rhonda Jeffries,
Institution: City of Tulsa , Indian Nations Council of Government, Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality , U.S. Geological Survey , University of Tulsa
EPA Project Officer: Madalene Stevens
Project Period: February 1, 2000 through December 31,2001
Project Amount: $500,000
Research Category: Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking
(EMPACT)
Description:
The Tulsa Air and Water Quality Information System (TAWQIS) will provide accessible, useful
air and water quality information for residents of Northeastern Oklahoma. Ozone and NOx data
will be coordinated with meteorological data for informed decision-making about air quality
mitigation strategies. TAWQIS will inform residents about both drinking and recreational water
quality by coordinating data from municipal and national sources. The project will enhance
informed public policy discussion about the future of local watersheds and the impact of waste
from the poultry industry. The objectives will be enriched through extensive education programs
based on the TAWQIS data.
Approach:
The Indian Nations Council of Governments (INCOG) will coordinate all data sources and
operate a web site devoted to TAWQIS environmental information. An extensive educational
and community awareness program will reach those who are not yet connected to the internet.
Monitoring data will be integrated from the City of Tulsa, the Oklahoma Department of
Environmental Quality (ODEQ), a local allergy clinic, the Tulsa Metropolitan Utility Authority
(TMUA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Public awareness programs using TAWQIS
data will educate citizens participating in policy discussions concerning transportation, trash
management, and air and water quality planning.
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Air quality: Real-time reporting and mapping will be enhanced by the installation of new ozone
and Noy monitors. Meteorological data will be combined with air quality information to improve
forecasting of days with potentially high ozone. Graphic displays will correlate bioaerosol levels,
air quality parameters and asthma patient lung functions as monitored by Airwatch participants
in the Allergy Clinic of Tulsa project.
Water quality: The website will coordinate local and regional water reports to provide
information about drinking water sources with historical trend analysis. Drinking water treatment
will be explained to illustrate the effects of poultry waste run off. TAWQIS will provide lake and
river information for recreational users.
Expected Results:
TAWQIS will provide comprehensive environmental data to improve the ability of community
residents to make informed public policy and personal decisions. The user friendly, data
management processing and delivery system will be the basis for the creation of a
comprehensive resource management policy.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/582/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/582/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000
Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
EPA Grant Number: R827964
Title: Paso del Norte Environmental Monitor
Investigators: Charles Kooshian, Robert Gray, Salvador Gonzalez-Ayala
Institution: City of El Paso, TX , Institute Municipal de Investigation y Planeacion , University
of Texas at El Paso
EPA Project Officer: Madalene Stevens
Project Period: January 1, 2000 through December 1, 2001
Project Amount: $494,935
Research Category: Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking
(EMPACT)
Description:
This project is developing an Internet web site and associated community linkages to provide
relevant-time air quality and local traffic and transit information, in English and Spanish, to the
international communities of El Paso, Texas, Sunland Park, New Mexico and Ciudad Juarez,
Chihuahua.
The objectives of the project are to: 1. promote coordination among the many agencies,
institutions, organizations and broadcasters within the Paso Del Norte region that are working to
improve air quality; 2. develop standards for sharing and displaying information to ensure it is
understandable by the general public and decision-makers of the region; 3. establish a
communications infrastructure that provides relevant-time exchange of and access to
information; 4. develop and implement public outreach programs to improve local understanding
of individual actions that can be taken to improve the quality of the environment; 5. broaden the
choices of travel mode; 6. promote education of the future generations by developing
opportunities for elementary and high school students to conduct research and become involved
in activities that improve our environment; and 7- ensure transferability of final products to other
regions and applications.
Approach:
Continuous air monitors throughout the international region currently measure ambient air
concentrations of ozone, carbon monoxide and particulates. Relevant-time access to this
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information will be provided along with updates on local weather, current traffic conditions and
international bridge crossing delays. 3D time-lapse visualization of critical air pollutant levels
will be made available to the public through the Internet and broadcast media. Other media, such
as phone hotlines or roadside signs will also be incorporated. A similar effort will be devoted to
assembling traffic volumes and delays from existing detectors, which also will be processed and
displayed in map form to depict current conditions. The relationship between vehicle travel and
pollution will be shown along with suggestions for individual actions that can reduce mobile
source pollution. The project would facilitate transit use by providing quick, easy-to-understand
route planning assistance.
Expected Results:
A well-informed public, empowered by this knowledge, may modify travel behavior to effect a
reduction in pollutants. In addition, the international community will be brought together to
identify and implement cost-effective solutions to local pollution, including increased education
and involvement of future generations. This project will serve as an important prototype of the
kind of cooperative international project necessary to address critical environmental challenges
of the US/Mexico border region.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1002/report/2000
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_N«J
STAR
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2000,2001
PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed Sustainability in
Coastal Louisiana
EPA Grant Number: R828009
Title: PULSES - The Importance of Pulsed Physical Events for Watershed Sustainability in
Coastal Louisiana
Investigators: John Day, Jaye Cable, Dubravko Justic, Brian Fry, Paul Kemp, Enrique Reyes,
Paul Templet, Robert Twilley
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge , University of Southwestern Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: February 28, 2000 through February 27, 2003
Project Amount: $899,995
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
Riverine inputs to floodplains, marshes and coastal wetlands are important to long-term
ecological productivity and development of watershed resources. In many cases, including much
of the Mississippi River drainage basin and delta, levees and dams constructed during the past
100 years have effectively isolated rivers from their natural connections to adjacent floodplain
and deltaic wetlands. To help revitalize these productive systems, ecological restoration of
historical river-floodplain connections is being attempted. This proposal focuses on evaluating
effects of river inputs in one such coastal watershed, the Caernarvon watershed, just south of
New Orleans, where river inputs have been ongoing since the 1991 opening of a gated river
diversion structure, but have received little scientific attention and study.
Physical science objectives are to evaluate marsh accretionary responses to two different levels
of river inputs or diversions, a low input rate (Ix = 14m/s) and a high input rate (8x = 112rh3/s).
The diversions will be experimentally conducted in two-week episodes as part of the normal
operating schedule of the Caernarvon structure, controlled by the Louisiana Department of
Natural Resources. In addition to the experimental diversions which will each be replicated four
times over the two year field period, historical studies will evaluate effects of a great 1927 flood
event at this site (ca. 650x river input) when levees were dynamited for flood relief.
Ecological science objectives air to evaluate marsh plant growth responses to river inputs that
bring both sediments and relatively high levels of fertilizing nutrients. Nitrogen nutrient removal
via denitrification and burial in wetland soils will be tested in response to soil flooding driven by
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tropical storms and normal tides as well as by the experimental river diversion inputs.
Phytoplankton production and possible eutrophication will be monitored as part of the ecological
work, and stable isotope studies will assay effects of river inputs on bass, shrimp and oysters that
are the basis of important recreational and commercial fisheries of this area.
Social science objectives aim at providing an interface between the natural and human systems
of the region, attempting to place human decision-making in the context of sustainable
ecological development for this coastal watershed. Three types of modeling efforts will be
employed to make linkages between the human and natural systems more, understandable:
landscape simulation modeling, cost/benefit economic analysis, and multicriteria analysis.
Approach:
Our approach is to mount a coordinated, multi-investigator field program to meet physical and
ecological science objectives, with each scientific component based on off-the-shelf technology.
The emphasis is on evaluating a combination of experimental treatments (high and low input
diversions) as well as taking advantage of storms and tides to document effects of physical
pulsing on the overall ecosystem dynamics of this area. Human reactions to natural pulsing
(flooding) are usually negative, and the various modeling interfaces we propose will help
explore, minimizing negative effects while maximizing positive effects of natural flood events.
Expected Results:
The principal benefits of this holistic watershed project are: 1) an improved understanding of
marsh accretion important for the sustenance of the coastal platform; 2) tests of eutrophication
effects under different marsh flooding scenarios; 3) tests of the connectivity between fisheries
and riverine inputs; and finally 4) an evolving educational process involving scientists,
managers, stakeholders and schoolchildren in trying to best implement river-floodplain
restoration for sustainable maintenance of a wealth-generating coastal zone.
Relevant Websites:
http://130.39.20.51/pulses/pulses.html
http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~rrt4630/pulses.html
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/795/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/795/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2000,2001
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
EPA Grant Number: R828035
Title: Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Genotype H Oocysts in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
Investigators: Cynthia L. Chappell, Saul Tzipori, Pablo C. Okhuysen, Giovanni Widmer
Institution: University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston
EPA Project Officer: Cynthia Nolt-Helms
Project Period: March 1, 2000 through March 1, 2003
Project Amount: $503,884
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description:
Cryptosporidium parvum is now recognized to be made up of a genetically heterogeneous
population of organisms, which can be divided into those infecting humans (genotype 1/H) and
those which are transmitted between human and animal hosts (genotype 2/C). Recent studies
have shown that stable genotype 1/H isolates can be maintained in gnotobiotic (GNB) pigs. This
significant advance will make studies of these isolates possible in human hosts. Experimental
cryptosporidiosis in healthy adults has previously revealed variability in infectivity, outcome,
and the immune response to geographically-diverse genotype 1/C isolates. Further, a comparison
of serologically negative versus serologically positive individuals showed a significant increase
in the ID50 in those with pre-existing serum IgG. These antibody positive individuals excreted
many fold fewer oocysts than the antibody negatives, suggesting that secondary infections would
be less likely to occur with this population. Although, the pre-sensitized volunteers were
relatively resistant to low level exposures, high oocyst concentrations resulted in infection and
diarrheal illness in a number of the volunteers. Indeed, some illness measures indicated that the
diarrhea in antibody positives was more severe than in the antibody negatives.
The proposed experiments will extend these studies to two genotype 1/H isolates. Specifically,
the study can be divided into three parts: 1) establish the infectious dose (ID50), clinical
outcomes and intensity of infection for two Cryptosporidium genotype 1/H isolates in
seronegative individuals; 2) investigate the antibody and cellular responses in volunteers to
genotype 1/H isolates; and 3) identify parasite genotype-specific differences and the stability of
DNA markers prior to and after passage in pigs and humans.
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Approach:
Two stable genotype H (genotype 1) isolates from HIV-negative donors will be identified and
amplified in a gnotobiotic pig and/or a IFN gamma knock out mouse model. Pre- and post-
amplified oocysts (in pigs and volunteers) will be analyzed to document genotype stability. The
dose response studies will be carried out in healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer will be
given a single oocyst dose and followed for 6 weeks. Clinical signs and symptoms will be
documented, and fecal oocysts will be quantitated. Blood and saliva will be collected at specific
time points for immunological studies. Endoscopic biopsies will be collected before and after
challenge in those who wish to participate in this part of the study. The antibody and cellular
responses in peripheral blood will be examined at various time points using crude oocyst extracts
and recombinant proteins. New genetic probes will seek to identify parasite factors indicative of
differences in volunteer infectivity (if different IDSO's are found).
Expected Results:
Documenting the outcomes of infection with the 1/H genotype isolates will significantly advance
the understanding of community acquired cryptosporidiosis and allow the development of more
accurate risk assessment models. Comparison of the two genotype 1/H isolates will provide
evidence for potential variations in virulence characteristics, a phenomenon seen in genotype 2/C
isolates. Antibody and cellular studies will examine the immune response to exposure and/or
infection and provide samples for study of the degree of cross-reactivity between antigens from
the two genotypes. These studies will be important in understanding Cryptosporidium infection
in the community and will have significant implications for water quality assessments.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfmyfuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/821/report/2000
2001 Progress Report available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/821/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000, 2001
Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Feedlot in the
Western United States
EPA Grant Number: R828038
Title: Prevalence and Distribution of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium Parvum in Feedlot in the
Western United States
Investigators: Edward R. Atwill, Bruce Hoar, William M. Sischo, C. Elmi, B. J. McCluskey,
W. P. Epperson, D. M. Grotelueschen
Institution: University of California - Davis , South Dakota State University , University of
Nebraska at Lincoln
EPA Project Officer: Cynthia Nolt-Helms
Project Period: April 1, 2000 through March 31, 2002
Project Amount: $248,461
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description: The overall goal of the proposed research is to determine the prevalence of fecal
shedding, distribution of genotypes, and associated risk factors for Cryptosporidium parvum (C.
parvum) infection in populations of feedlot cattle in the United States. Infection with C. parvum
in calves raised on commercial dairy farms is quite common. Cumulative incidence of infection
often exceeds 90% within the first 30 days of life and as many as 107 oocysts/g may be shed in
the feces of infected calves. In contrast, relatively little is known regarding the prevalence and
intensity of fecal shedding of C. parvum in feedlot cattle. Although the older age of feedlot cattle
suggests that C. parvum shedding will be of low intensity, these confined animal feeding
operations (CAFO's) are comprised of cattle from a wide variety of geographical locations,
animals which may be under varying levels of physiological stress and which are fed variable
levels of grain which may collectively enhance the shedding of this zoonotic parasite. Recent
evidence indicates that there are distinct genotypes of C. parvum which may differ in infectivity
and virulence for humans and other mammalian hosts. Potential strain or genotype differences of
C. parvum within populations of feedlot cattle may exist. To address these animal and human
health issues and to develop strategies for minimizing environmental contamination of C.
parvum from feedlot cattle, our project has the following objectives: Determine the prevalence
and concentration of C. parvum oocysts in fecal samples from feedlot cattle in the United States.
This will allow us to determine the significance of feedlot cattle as an environmental source of
oocysts and to begin to calculate valid loading equations for the rate at which feedlot operations
produce C. parvum oocysts. Determine the distribution of genotypes of C. parvum actively shed
by feedlot cattle. This objective is designed to determine which genotypes of C. parvum are
present in United States feedlot cattle. We will determine how genotypes are spatially distributed
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and whether geographic origin is predictive of genotype. Determine animal and pen-level
management factors associated with a fecal sample testing positive for specific genotypes of C.
parvum. This objective is designed to identify feedlot management practices which will
minimize water quality and public health impacts from CAFO's and provide critical input for
Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans targeted for this segment of the cattle industry.
Approach: We will conduct a cross-sectional survey of feedlot cattle from at least 5 states,
including but not limited to California, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Washington.
Within each state, 3 to 6 feedlots will be identified by cooperating researchers for voluntary
inclusion in the study. For each feedlot, 4 pens will be selected for the study, with 65 fecal
samples randomly collected from each pen, or 260 samples per feedlot. A standardized
questionnaire will be administered for each pen. This sampling design will provide us with a
diverse sample of management styles and animal types to examine potential risk factors
associated with a fecal sample testing positive for C. parvum. Given that cattle arrive at feedlots
from sources throughout North America, our sampling strategy is likely to collect samples from
cattle from the majority of states within the continental U.S., as well as Canada and Mexico.
Fecal samples will be tested for presence of oocysts using a direct immunofluorescent assay.
Mixed-effects logistic regression will be used to determine the significance and strength of
association between potential risk factors and the probability of testing positive for C. parvum.
We will evaluate four probability distributions (binomial, poisson, negative binomial,
betabinomial) for modeling the sensitivity of our diagnostic assay. Based on the most appropriate
model for assay sensitivity and the prevalence estimates from our multi-state cross-sectional
survey, we will generate a set of equations which predict the loading rate of C. parvum oocysts
per Kg of fecal material as a function of feedlot management practices. We will target two
unlinked polymorphic loci for PCR-RFLP genotyping, Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and
the SSU rRNA gene, with confirmatory DNA sequencing of the amplicons on a subset of
isolates.
Expected Results: This study will provide valid and precise information on the prevalence and
concentration of genotype-specific C. parvum oocysts being shed by cattle located in feedlots
throughout the United States. We will be able to ascertain predominant genotypes of C. parvum
and whether there are important regional differences in the prevalence and concentration of C.
parvum genotypes isolated from feedlot cattle. Such data can be used to directly improve risk
assessment calculations regarding the environmental loading rate of C. parvum genotypes from
feedlot operations. Furthermore, since we will be conducting risk factor analyses which will
identify feedlot management practices which protect the cattle from active infection, such
information can help form the basis of good management practices and assist in the development
of Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plans for this segment of the cattle industry. In this
manner we will improve existing risk management strategies for minimizing water quality
impacts from confined animal feeding operations.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/822/report/2000
2001: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/822/report/2001
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2000
An Integrated GIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision Making in the Upper
Rio Grande Basin
EPA Grant Number: R828070
Title: An Integrated CIS Framework for Water Reallocation and Decision Making in the Upper
Rio Grande Basin
Investigators: Olen Paul Matthews, David S. Brookshire, Michael E. Campana, Louis A.
Scuderi, Brad T. Cullen, Kirk Gregory, Seth Snell, Janie Chermak, Kate Krause
Institution: University of New Mexico
EPA Project Officer: Bill Stelz
Project Period: March 1, 2000 through February 28, 2003
Project Amount: $409,977
Research Category: Water and Watersheds
Description:
We purpose to use a coupled physical, environmental, and human system model in an integrated
Geographic Information System (GIS) framework to simulate interactions and changes within
the Rio Grande watershed in NM. The coupled model proposed will operate entirely within a
GIS unlike other models that use GIS mostly for display. This approach will permit the
evaluation of impacts if any component of the model changes as a result of natural or
anthropogenic causes. Because water law and economics will be integrated with physical and
biological components, the coupled model can be used to evaluate the economic consequences of
different environmental policies. Stakeholders will use the model to evaluate policy questions.
Approach:
The project has two aspects: development of the GIS model and stakeholder evaluation of policy
options. The modeling framework of this study utilizes a raster based distributed water balance
approach in which each raster element represents a bucket through which inputs and outputs may
be routed. The model utilizes a hierarchical resolution grid scheme based on a quad-tree
subdivision of the landscape. The raster data structure is designed to allow an infinite number of
process specific resolutions on an as-needed basis (i.e., finer cells where detail is required,
coarser cells where data limitations preclude the finer scales or where processes operate on
coarser scales). Stakeholders will participate in focus groups to discuss issues and create future
water use scenarios. The information gained during these early stages will be, to a large extent,
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hypothetical. We will then develop a pseudo-real time decision analysis tool that incorporates
real consequences, via monetary payoffs, minimize the potential bias in hypothetical responses.
Stakeholders will make water use decisions in an experimental setting. The cumulative effects of
individual stakeholder decisions will be simulated using a GIS model developed in the first two
years of this research.
Expected Results:
Because citizens and managers are uncertain how reallocation will impact individual water users,
the public, or the environment, resistance to change is common. The proposed model creates a
realistic framework that will allow the volume of water to be determined at any place and point
of time within the watershed being modeled. Coupled with disparate representation and
economic activities, the model will be used to determine the impact and tradeoffs between
different management and policy decisions. By having stakeholders identify the issues, a more
realistic evaluation is possible.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/827/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
Grant Number: R828129
Title: Forming Carbon-Carbon Bonds in Water and Other Alternative Media
Investigators: Chao-Jun Li
Institution: Tulane University of Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Kam
Project Period: June 1, 2000 through May 31, 2003
Project Amount: $310,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
The long term objective of the proposed research is to develop various environmentally friendly
chemical syntheses using water, liquid CO2, and ionic liquid as non-polluting solvents.
Approach: Metal-mediated carbon-carbon bond formation is one of the most important
fundamental reactions in organic chemistry and is widely used in various chemical and
pharmaceutical processes. Traditionally, they are carried out in anhydrous organic solvents and
are air-sensitive and are potentially explosive. The present study investigates the scope,
mechanism and synthetic application of metal-mediated reactions through the use of water
solvents. The synthesis of various biologically important compounds and fine chemicals are to
be investigated through the aqueous method. The method saves synthetic steps by avoiding many
protection and deprotection processes and contributes to overall synthetic efficiency and a
reduction in organic emission. Additional research is planned to transform the reaction into a
catalytic process. Additionally, the use of liquid CO2 and ionic liquid as non-polluting solvents
for carbon-carbon bond formations will also be investigated.
The present study would establish the foundation of developing the aqueous metal-mediated
reaction into a general process that does not use anhydrous organic solvents, avoids the use of
protection-deprotections, is applicable to large scale industry operation, and has a reduced
impact on environment due to the use of catalytic amount of metal and/or in-process recycling.
The present project also provides basic understandings of using liquid CO2 and ionic liquids for
carbon-carbon bond formations.
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Expected Results:
Chemical technologies developed herein will significantly enhance the efficiency of chemical
synthesis and reduce the amount of organic waste in reactions and product isolations by saving
synthetic steps due to the elimination of many functional group protection/deprotection steps. All
these alternative solvents can be readily purified and recycled for further reactions which further
prevent the discharge of chemical wastes.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Fluoroacrylate Copolymer
Supported Catalysts
Grant Number: R828135
Title: Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Fluoroacrylate Copolymer
Supported Catalysts
Investigators: Aydin Akgerman, John P. Fackler Jr
Institution: Texas A & M University , Texas Engineering Experiment Station
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: June 1, 2000 through May 31, 2003
Project Amount: $315,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
Chemistry in ecologically benign solvents is of increasing interest in "Green Chemistry",
catalysis and combinatorial chemistry. Most solvents used in organic syntheses with
homogeneous catalysts are coming under close scrutiny because of their toxicity. There is a great
push in industry today to replace these solvents with environmentally benign solvents such as
supercritical carbon dioxide, scCO2, but most catalysts are not soluble in scCO2 and some
organic syntheses are solvent selective. Another major problem is the separation and recovery of
the catalyst after the reaction, which results in catalyst loss and metal contamination. A major
thrust in industry is to develop homogeneous catalysts which can be recovered easily and intact
after the completion of the reaction. In this vain, there is a significant amount of interest in
polymer supported ligands for metal complexation in homogeneous catalysis. In this project we
propose to evaluate a novel idea that solves both the solvent replacement and intact recovery of
catalyst issues. We plan to attach the catalyst ligands to a fluoroacrylate copolymer, which is
soluble in scCO2. In addition, the polymer can easily be separated by a membrane. In the overall
process, the membrane separation of the reactor effluent will maintain the catalyst in the reactor.
The products can be separated from scCO2 by simple expansion yielding solvent free products.
CO2 can be recompressed and recycled, if needed. Upon completion of the reaction and
expansion of the scCO2 remaining in the reactor, the catalyst will also be obtained intact.
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Approach:
Our approach will be in five phases. (1) We will first synthesize functionalized copolymers using
commercially available fluoroacrylates and an active ester comonomer, specifically N-
acryloxysuccinimide (NASI), the former enabling solubility in carbon dioxide the latter
providing an exchange site for an active catalyst. (2) The NASI group on the copolymer would
easily react with amine containing complexing agents. We will then exchange the NASI
branches for metal ion containing catalytic materials for hydrogenation and hydroformylation
reactions. (3) We will determine solubilities of these catalytic materials in scCO2 at a range of
temperatures and pressures. (4) We will evaluate the catalytic activity of these new novel
catalysts in hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions carried in scCO2; and (5) We will
evaluate membrane reactors for catalyst separation and recovery.
Expected Results:
We have already synthesized the polymer with the NASI group replaced by a catalyst precursor
and a diazo dye which gives the polymer a red color. We have shown that these products are
soluble in scCO2 and dye substituted polymer gives a orange/yellow colored solution. In order to
evaluate whether the dye is active, we dissolved the polymer in scCO2 in the presence of an
organic base, diethylamine. The azo dye, in a basic solution, would have a yellow color, and we
observed that the color does indeed change to yellow from orange/yellow. Hence we have
qualitatively shown that the polymer/catalyst is soluble in carbon dioxide and that the
runctionalized sites are exposed in solution and are available for reaction. Based on this proof-
of-concept, we are confident that catalyst supported will be soluble in supercritical carbon
dioxide and will also be active as a catalyst.
Estimated Improvement in Risk Assessment: This project aims and reduction in use of toxic
solvents and also reduction in metal contamination. Supercritical carbon dioxide can be as good
a reaction medium as many organic solvents for many reactions, hence there will be a reduction
in use of solvents. Secondly, when reactions are carried in supercritical carbon dioxide, after
expansion the products are obtained solvent free, which is an additional advantage eliminated
solvent contamination of the products. Finally, the catalyst will also be obtained intact in the
proposed system, eliminating loss of heavy metals and the need for re-synthesis.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000
Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
EPA Grant Number: R828160
Title: Biosensors for Field Monitoring of Organophosphate Pesticides
Investigators: Ashok Mulchandani, Wilfred Chen, Joseph Wang
Institution: New Mexico State University - Main Campus , University of California - Riverside
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: June 1, 2000 through May 31,2002
Project Amount: $227,169
Research Category: Environmental Engineering
Description:
The lack of sensors to perform discrete and real-time in-situ measurement/detection of
organophosphates (OPs) in the field has limited the ability to routinely monitor these highly
neurotoxic but widely used pesticides/insecticides. The overall objective of this research is to
develop, optimize, characterize and validate biosensors for rapid, selective, sensitive, precise,
accurate, simple and low-cost discrete and real-time in-situ monitoring of OPs in the field. The
biosensors will be based on screen-printed electrodes (SPE), constructed using thick-film screen
printing technology, modified with Escherichia coli cells displaying organophosphorus hydrolase
(OPH) on the cell surface alone and together with pNP-monooxygenase. OPH catalyzes the
hydrolysis of paraoxon, parathion, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, EPN, etc., at high rate and
selectively to p-nitrophenol (pNP), which will be detected directly at the SPE or converted to
hydroquinone by pNP-monooxygenase and detected at SPE. Additionally, the biosensors will be
coupled with micromachined electrophoresis chips for selective determination of different OPs
in a mixture and real-time in-situ measurement.
Approach:
Preliminary work in our research laboratory has demonstrated the potential of combining the
biosensing capability of OPH-modified SPE for sensitive, selective, rapid, precise, accurate and
low-cost field monitoring of OPs. Experiments will be conducted to: (1) Optimize the fabrication
conditions ~ type of ink, ink additives, curing temperature and time — optimize method and
condition of cell (E. coli displaying OPH on the cell surface) immobilization and operating
conditions- operating potential, weight of cells immobilized, buffer ionic strength and pH,
organic solvent type and concentration and temperature~for the determination of OPs. (2)
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Evaluate the effect of pNP-monooxygenase incorporation with E. coli displaying OPH on cell
surface in the SPE on the operating potential and optimize the operating conditions for the new
biosensor. (3) Determine the sensitivity, linearity, detection limit, selectivity (for OPs such as
paraoxon, parathion, methyl-parathion, EPN, fenitrothion, etc., that produce pNP when
hydrolyzed) and life-times (shelf-storage and operational) of the biosensors. (4) Critically
evaluate and validate the new biosensors for monitoring OPs by investigating the precision and
accuracy (comparing the biosensor measurement to the EPA standard method for pesticide
analysis) on simulated and real samples. (5) Optimize operating parameters of the coupled SPE
biosensors - micromachined electrophoresis chip for selective determination of individual OP in
a mixture, and evaluate and validate the microsystem. (6) Adapt, evaluate and validate the
microsystem of SPE biosensors for real-time in-situ OP monitoring.
Expected Results:
The combining of the attractive biocatalytic actions of OPH (selective and fast hydrolysis) and
pNP monooxygenase (conversion to hydroquinone) with SPEs (sensitive, low-cost, reproducible
mass production and portable) and electrophoretic separation on a micromachined
electrophoresis chip will result in the development of a simple, sensitive, selective, fast and low-
cost analytical tool for OPs suitable for discrete and real-time in-situ field monitoring needs.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/363/report/2000
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Completed
Reports: 2000, Final
Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air Pollutants
EPA Grant Number: R828175
Title: Oxidative Transformation of Model Oxygenated Hazardous Air
Pollutants
Investigators: Philip H. Taylor, Paul Marshall
Institution: University of Dayton
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: July 20, 2000 through July 19, 2002
Project Amojunt: $215,900
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Environmental Chemistry
Description:
Reaction with hydroxyl (OH) radicals is an important step in the oxidation of organic
compounds in the atmosphere and in combustion systems. Formaldehyde (CH2O) and
acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) are hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) regulated under Title III of the
Clean Air Act Amendments. The overall goal of this research is to determine the rates and
mechanisms of OH reactions with representative oxygenated hazardous air pollutants, i.e.,
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone, under conditions that are representative of both
atmospheric and combustion conditions. The kinetic and mechanistic studies will be used to
validate comprehensive theoretical studies of these reactions.
Approach:
We propose to combine two existing techniques to study the kinetics and mechanism of the
reaction of OH radicals with formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone over an extended
temperature and pressure range. A refined pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence
(PLP/LIF) technique will be used for the kinetic measurements. A recently developed pulsed
laser photolysis/photo-ionization mass spectrometry (PLP/PIMS) technique will be used to
obtain quantitative product data. In the absence of reactant thermal decomposition, accurate rate
constant measurements and mechanistic data obtained by these combined techniques will span a
temperature range from room temperature to -1000 K and a pressure range of-10 torr to -740
torr. In addition to the detailed experimental plan, a thorough theoretical study is proposed
through collaboration with Prof. Paul Marshall of the University of North Texas. Reaction
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pathways will be characterized by ab initio methods, at up to the Gaussian 2 and 3 levels of
theory, and will be analyzed using variational transition state theory.
Expected Results:
The proposed research will be a valuable input to risk assessment models concerned with the
transformation of these HAPs. This study will identify key gas-phase pathways for their
destruction under both atmospheric and higher temperature combustion conditions. These
pathways will be important contributions to comprehensive gas-phase models of the atmospheric
transformation of these HAPs and the high-temperature destruction of conventional hydrocarbon
fuels and alternative oxygenated fuels. The fundamental data and models developed in this study
will also contribute to the infrastructure of knowledge of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels
and their impact on the environment.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report at
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/831/report/2000
Final Report at
http://cfbub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/831/report/F
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition Metal Catalyzed
Formation of PCDD/F from Combustion Generated Hydrocarbons
EPA Grant Number: R828191
Title: Toward the Development of a Detailed Mechanism of Transition Metal Catalyzed
Formation of PCDD/F from Combustion Generated Hydrocarbons
Investigators: Barry Dellinger
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge
EPA Project Officer: Paul Shapiro
Project Period: July 1,2000 through June 30, 2003
Project Amount: $345,000
Research Category: Combustion Emissions
Description:
The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F or "diox:ns"
for short) in combustion sources is one of our most pressing environmental issues. Field studies
strongly suggest that they are formed in the post-combustion, cool-zone of combustors by
surface-mediated/catalyzed pathways. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that some transition
metals, incorporated into silica-based fly ash, can catalyze dioxin formation in the 250 to 500 C
range. However, the exact mechanism has not been determined. We propose to investigate the
following hypothesized (and partially demonstrated) mechanism: 1) metal-catalyzed chlorination
of C-olefms; 2) metal-catalyzed molecular growth and aromatization of the resulting
chlorocarbons; and 3) surface mediated condensation of chlorinated benzenes to form PCDD/F.
We have previously demonstrated that chlorination and aromatization occur on silica-Cu (II)
surfaces, that chlorobenzenes chemisorb on silica surfaces, and that PCDD/F congener
distributions are formed that are consistent with those observed for full-scale incinerators. We
now propose to investigate the applicability of our theorized mechanism of aromatization of
CHCs to other surfaces and determine the additional surface mediated reactions that occur in
their conversion to PCDD/F.
Approach:
We will examine the previously observed products of metal catalyzed chlorination of acetylene:
trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and dichloroacetylene. We will investigate their reactions
on Fe (111) and Cu (II) doped silica and alumina surfaces. The study will be performed using a
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gas-solid reactor, coupled to a GC-MS, that permits controlled study of the heterogeneous
reactions of these compounds on various surfaces at temperatures from 150 to 600 C. We will
utilize isotopically-labeled chlorine compounds to attempt to verify our proposed mechanism
that involves carbon-to-transition metal chlorine transfer in key steps. Surface adsorbed
products, including PCDD/F and chlorinated phenols, will be analyzed using conventional
soxhlet extraction and clean-up procedures followed by GC-MS analysis. Advanced surface
analysis techniques including XANES, EXAFS, XPS, IR and Raman will be used to characterize
valence state and chemical species of the iron and copper. Homogeneous reaction studies of
model compounds for the proposed organo-silicon and organo-copper intermediates will be
performed to further elucidate the mechanism of dioxin formation.
Expected Results:
If successful, we will have, for the first time, demonstrated a detailed mechanism of formation of
PCDD/F from ubiquitous, combustion generated hydrocarbons. It appears that mechanisms
similar to those responsible for dioxin formation are also responsible for combustion emissions
of other halogenated hydrocarbons (HHCs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The
development of a unified mechanism and understanding of formation of halogenated combustion
by-products will greatly facilitate the development of improved risk management and assessment
strategies.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor Processing
EPA Grant Number: R828208
Title: Development of Life Cycle Inventory Modules for Semiconductor Processing
Investigators: Cynthia F. Murphy, David T. Allen
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: April 1, 2000 through March 31, 2003
Project Amount: $325,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop generic, use cluster, life cycle
inventory (LCI) modules for activities performed during the manufacture of integrated circuits
(ICs). This research is intended to facilitate the establishment of standards, encourage the
development of predictive rather than historical life cycle analyses, and potentially simplify
communication along the materials/product supply chain. The creation of generic rather than
product/process specific modules is intended to focus the effort on the gathering and analysis of
data that are relatively independent of time and space (i.e., data that will not become obsolete as
technology changes are made and which may be applied to multiple manufacturing sites). This
will foster standardization and encourage use of the modules by the industry in general rather
than by a single company. Generic modules are also less likely to contain sensitive or proprietary
manufacturing information and may decrease concerns about sharing of confidential information
along the supply chain.
Approach:
The proposed research will lay the groundwork and develop methodologies for gathering and
analyzing data in the area of environmental merit. The intent is to begin the process of capturing
and analyzing LCI data such a way that it is immediately useful, while at the same time has
extendability across the industry, along supply chain lines, and into the future technologies. A
high-level approach will be used to overcome some of the extreme complexity and time barriers
that have historically associated with similar efforts. Motorola and SEMATECH, both in Austin,
Texas, have agreed to work with the University of Texas to provide technical guidance to the
team and permit access to data and process areas as appropriate in the execution of this project.
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The general approach to the project will be to create an initial set of use cluster modules and
associated LCI modules. The modules will be populated with actual data and validated in a
manufacturing setting. Inputs will be described as parametric distributions and sensitivity
analyses will be performed using Monte Carlo simulation. The team will then down-select to a
small number of use clusters of particular concern or interest. Additional predictive LCI module
options, which represent future technologies will be developed for these down-selected modules.
These predictive modules will be populated with postulated data and sensitivity analyses will be
generated. The results of the predictive LCI modules will be shared with a number of industry
representatives. Feedback from these representatives will be incorporated as appropriate.
Expected Results:
The set of predictive, generic LCI modules will be disseminated through a significant portion of
the semiconductor industry through SEMATECH. Companies that adopt this methodology may
use the existing LCI modules and generate additional ones internally to communicate more
effectively with their suppliers and with their customers. This is expected to in part satisfy the
increasing demand for this type of information along the supply chain and to better meet the
needs of the customer. It also provides the basis for a system of standardization so that 1C
manufacturers are not required to perform separate tests for each customer. While the initial
assumptions will be based on current costs, infrastructure, and technology, using metrics that are
as independent as possible from specific products and processes will allow these LCI modules to
be used widely and for an extended period of time. As the set of assumptions changes, the
general methodology can be used to develop new modules.
The training and support of two graduate students will provide them with exposure to the
semiconductor industry, a major employer of engineers with advanced degrees in engineering.
This level of exposure to the semiconductor manufacturing and its practices is a rare opportunity.
The professional contacts the students make will be invaluable to their future careers whether
they work in academia or industry.
Expected Improvements to Risk Management: The semiconductor industry can use the life
cycle inventory data generated by this project in conjunction with publicly available impact data
to identify areas of potential improvement for current processes. The resulting impact
assessments can be used to predict, and therefore avoid, negative impacts associated with future
processes and/or technologies.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2000
New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
EPA Grant Number: R828209
Title: New Sensor Technology for Reducing Emissions from Automobiles
Investigators: Henry F. Taylor
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: May 1, 2000 through April 30,2003
Project Amount: $220,000
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
The goal of this project is to carry out experimental research which promotes the utilization of a
new fiber optic sensor technology for reducing harmful emissions from automobile engines. The
sensors will measure in-cylinder gas pressure, the key input for engine control systems designed
to minimize emissions under all operating conditions. The transducer element is the fiber Fabry-
Perot interferometer (FFPI), which was developed at Texas A&M and has been commercialized
by a small company, Fiber Dynamics, beginning in 1994. The company produces in-cylinder
pressure sensors for large industrial engines, such as those used in natural gas transmission.
At present, the sensor commercialization effort at Fiber Dynamics is complemented by ongoing
fiber optics research at Texas A&M - research exemplified by the proposed NSF/EPA project.
The FFPI engine sensor has proven accurate and reliable during hundreds of thousands of hours
of operation in the harsh engine environment, but a great deal of research and development is
still needed before products meeting the demanding requirements of the automotive industry can
evolve. The major technological barriers, which apply to both the transducers and the monitoring
optoelectronic system, are perceived to be (1) cost, (2) size, and (3) speed of operation. The
proposed project will explore means for overcoming each of these barriers, as a first step in
convincing the automobile manufacturers and their suppliers that fiber optics is a strong
candidate as the "missing link" in achieving more effective engine control.
Specific tasks will address the following component developments: (1) Low-cost, miniaturized
pressure transducers. - Under the proposed project, methods for making spark-plug-embedded
FFPI pressure sensors will be explored. Representing a radical departure from prior fiber optic
transducer designs, this type of sensor has a chance to meet a cost goal of less than $5 per
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cylinder while requiring very little space in the engine compartment; (2) Low-cost light source.
The feasibility of using vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in the optoelectronic
system for monitoring the sensors will be explored. This type of laser, recently introduced as a
light source for fiber optic communication networks, could be the key to achieving an
inexpensive optoelectronic system for acquiring the sensor data; (3) High speed electronics. -
Novel signal processor designs utilizing state-of-the-art microcontroller and digital signal
processing chips will be explored as a means of increasing the sampling rate from the present 4
kHz to the 50 kHz - 100 kHz regime, as required for automotive application.
Industrial partners in the proposed project, Visteon Automotive Systems (an enterprise of Ford
Motor Company), of Dearborn, MI, and Fiber Dynamics of Bryan, TX, will provide technical
advice and assistance as well as the use of test facilities for evaluating the sensors produced at
Texas A&M.
Expected Results:
The expected result of the project is a convincing demonstration that performance and cost
barriers to applying fiber optic pressure sensors in engines can be overcome. A substantial
reduction in air pollution will result from a more efficient use of the internal combustion power
plant through effective closed-loop engine control.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/26/report/2000
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A
Ooianoa to AoHlovn
Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
Grant Number: R828210
Title: Wastewater Reuse and Zero Discharge Cycles in Process Plants
Investigators: Miguel J. Bagajewicz, Mariano Savelski
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: June 15, 2000 through June 14,2001
Project Amount: $99,988
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description.: The purpose of this project is to continue the development of methodologies for the
design and/or retrofit of environmentally benign water cycles in chemical and petrochemical
processing units. This project is a continuation of EPA grant 825328010, which made several
conceptual contributions. An industrial partner is participating in this new phase to prove these
concepts and the new developments in practice. End-of-pipe treatment solutions for wastewater
cleanup are being replaced by water recycle/reuse and decentralized cleanup systems. Since the
first formulations of the problem, which are graphical in nature, there have been several
investigators that have addressed this problem using a variety of tools. Some of the limitations of
these tools are numerical, but other are conceptual.
Approach: The group at the University of Oklahoma has been able to provide several innovative
solution procedures for these problems. First, necessary and sufficient conditions of optimality of
these problems have been developed. These conditions enable the formulation of linear problems
for the single component case and tree searching for multicomponent cases. In addition,
forbidden and compulsory cases can be analyzed. The group has been able to develop a
methodology to solve this problem globally by hand. Other work has also been accomplished.
The interaction between heat integration and water allocation has been rigorously solved
overcoming the limitations of other approaches. Finally, methods to perform optimal retrofit
have been proposed. Notwithstanding the value of these advances and some of the contributions
of other researchers, the problem continues to offer theoretical and practical challenges. The
water allocation problem and the wastewater cleanup problem have to be properly merged in a
single problem so that decentralized cleanup can be appropriately addressed. Even though good
methodologies exist for the solution of both problems separately, the simplifying assumptions of
the original work have to be revisited. In particular the issue of fixed load in water polluting
processes and fixed removal in wastewater cleanup need reformulation. The mathematical
properties of the problem are thus changed and new procedures need to be developed.
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Procedures to reallocate water dynamically on the basis of existing process-t-o-process
connections also need to be developed. The layout of a complex has important impact on the
economics of reuse and has been ignored. The impact of mass exchange driving force on capital
cost should be considered. Reactors have not been included and the interaction between heat and
mass transfer has been ignored altogether. Mass exchanger network technology has not been
fully exploited. Alternative locations of pollutant interception, via process modifications need to
be developed. Finally, the ultimate goal of exploring solutions that enable zero discharge have
not been properly discussed, much less solved. The concept of zero water discharge refers to
closed circuits of water, such that water disposal is eliminated altogether. Closed circuits are
appealing because end-of-pipe regeneration does not have to be conducted to the full extent
required for disposal as water can be reused with higher level of contaminants. Additionally, the
absence of a discharge eliminates internal administrative costs associated with the enforcement
of EPA and local limits, as well as the interface with government agencies.
This project will be conducted primarily at the University of Oklahoma, as a continuation of the
previous EPA grant. Phillips Petroleum is the Industrial partner. Dr. Savelski, who worked in
this project for three years, will participate now as a co-Pi at Rowan University. The
methodology used to address the new posed challenges is the development of necessary
conditions of optimum that can simplify the mathematical complexity of mathematical
programming formulations, which are otherwise too cumbersome to solve. This project will have
a significantjmpact on water usage and wastewater management for the chemical and
petrochemical industry. It follows the guidelines of the DOE and NSF sponsored Workshops on
these issues held in New Orleans (January 4-6,1996) and the specific goals suggested by this
program in the area of Engineering for Pollution Prevention. This technology is mature enough
to be tested in sites. In addition, several conceptual contributions to the general engineering
knowledge will be explored. Finally, the participation of undergraduates helps disseminating
green process systems engineering concepts.
Expected Results: Specifically, this one-year project will address four of the many remaining
challenges of this problem: Development of methodologies to address the design of systems that
contain processes for which some contaminants have either a fixed outlet concentration or a
load that is a function of the outlet concentration. Almost all the methods that have been
developed consider fixed pollutant loads and maximum inlet/outlet concentrations. Extension of
the existing tree search methods developed by the group at the University of Oklahoma to the
consideration of Decentralized treatment. It is well known that these solutions reduce the fresh
water consumption and discharge. Extension of the existing tree search methods developed by
the group at the University of Oklahoma to the consideration of uncertainty in data. This has
been the most important concern raised from practice. Evaluation of Zero Discharge solutions.
Preliminary analysis will be performed using existing models to assess the potential economic
impact if such cycles were to be adopted by industry. The expected results of this project are
therefore improved methods to handle the design and retrofit of water utilization systems in
process plants. In addition the economical impact of zero discharge cycles will be assessed.
These methods will be tested using data provided by the industrial partner (Phillips Petroleum).
By providing these solutions industry will be able to continue reducing water usage and
discharge, thus reducing pollution.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for Formaldehyde Pollution
Avoidance and Prevention
EPA Grant Number: R828565
Title: Fundamental Studies of Wood Interface Modification for Formaldehyde Pollution
Avoidance and Prevention
Investigators: John J. Meister
Institution: Forest Products Research Center
EPA Project Officer: Barbara Karn
Project Period: September 15, 2000 through September 14, 2003
Project Amount: $324,254
Research Category: Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Description:
This proposal supports fundamental studies of thermoplastics which tacify the wood interface,
allow wood to wood binding to occur, and use no formaldehyde-based binder. The goal of the
work is to develop a new, formaldehyde free binding system for wood.
Approach:
Most of the experiments of this research project will be based on an experimental design
program. Experiments to make graft copolymer coupling agent will be based on previous
experience in synthesizing these materials. Experiments to bind wood will be run in designed,
statistically useful sets to determine how physical properties of the bound panels depend on the
adhesive, its preparation process and chemical composition, its mode of application, and its
concentration in the panel. Experimental design procedures will be used to relate number of
grafts, molecular weights, grafting efficiency, weight percent backbone in the product, contact
angle, critical surface tension, and coupling agent-polystyrene ratio to linear expansion, stability,
panel and bond durability, tensile strength, panel shear modulus, compression strength,
annealing time, use of different polystyrenes in the binder formulations, and application of the
binder as a powder.
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Expected Results:
Successful completion of this study will result in the development of a new binding system for
wood panel formation that replaces formaldehyde-based binder with a thermoplastic binder and
removes the major source of environmental exposure to formaldehyde. It will also produce
technology to apply these binders and data on the effectiveness of the binders in connecting
wood veneer, wood chips, or wood strands. These materials would be made from wood
byproduct lignin, a major current waste product from our forests. The new chemistry for lignin
modification and new binding process would remove formaldehyde while binding wood with a
sustainable product produced from a waste of paper manufacture.
If a functional new binder for wood is developed, its widespread application would remove the
major source of environmental exposure to formaldehyde for the population of the United States.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes and Consequences
EPA Grant Number: R828903
Title: Chinese Tallow Invasions into the Endangered Coastal Prairie: Causes and Consequences
Investigators: Evan Siemann, William Rogers, James Grace
Institution: Rice University
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: June 1, 2001 through May 31, 2004
Project Amount: $381,687
Research Category: Exploratory Research - Human Health
Description:
Chinese Tallow Tree (Sapium sebifemm) is a major invader in the southeast United States which
aggressively displaces native plants. Our research will focus on the mechanisms that allow
Tallow Tree to establish in endangered coastal prairies and transform them into biotically
depauperate forests.
The main objective of this work is to understand how abiotic conditions interact with biotic
factors to influence the likelihood, severity and impacts of Chinese Tallow Tree invasions into
coastal prairie. Specifically, we will address the following questions: 1) How do fire (annual or
periodic), soil fertility and herbivores interact to influence Tallow Tree invasion? 2) How do
flooding, soil fertility and herbivores interact to influence Tallow Tree invasion? 3) How
important is local recruitment limitation vs. local conditions in determining the likelihood and
severity of Tallow Tree invasion?
Approach:
We will use four experiments in East Texas coastal prairie to address these questions. One pair
of experiments will involve fire, fertilizations, Tallow Tree seed and seedling additions,
manipulations of insect and vertebrate herbivores and measurements of Tallow Tree success and
impacts. The other pair of experiments will involve flooding, fertilizations, Tallow Tree seed and
seedling additions, manipulations of insect herbivores and measurements of Tallow Tree success
and impacts. Because fire and flood mortality are strongly size dependent (with small saplings
almost always killed and larger ones rarely affected), herbivores or fertility may interact with fire
and flooding by changing Tallow Tree growth rates. Some of the data we will collect includes
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and flooding by changing Tallow Tree growth rates. Some of the data we will collect includes
Tallow Tree seed germination and survival rates, Tallow Tree seedling survival and growth
rates, diversity and composition of the prairie plant community, soil carbon and nitrogen and
aboveground carbon and nitrogen.
Expected Results:
The experiments will provide results that address both basic and applied questions.
Understanding the mechanisms of invasion is critically important to both society, with increasing
economic and political impacts of alien species, and ecology because invasion plays a key role in
community assembly and greatly influences ecosystem function. In addition to advancing basic
scientific understanding, our research will inform management of Tallow Tree by providing
information on its growth and survival in a number of environmental conditions at different life
stages. Because Tallow Tree invasion shares many features with other alien plant invasions, our
results should have broad applicability.
Coastal prairie kept free of Sapium by annual mowing (left). An adjacent area is a Sapium forest
25 years after mowing was stopped (right).
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of
Pharmaceuticals
EPA Grant Number: R829005
Title: The Influence of Amphiphilic Molecules on the Environmental Fate and Transport of
Pharmaceuticals
Investigators: Tohren C. G. Kibbey, David A. Sabatini
Institution:.University of Oklahoma
School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science
Norman, OK
EPA Project Officer: Angela Page
Project Period: September 1, 2001 through August 31, 2004
Project Amount: $316,600
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description:
Thousands of tons of Pharmaceuticals are produced annually for human and animal use, and
significant quantities ultimately find their way into the environment. A wide range of
Pharmaceuticals have been identified in the environment, including antibiotics, analgesics,
psychiatric drugs, and natural and synthetic hormones. Human Pharmaceuticals enter the
environment through incomplete wastewater treatment of drugs either not absorbed by the body
or intentionally discarded down the drain. Pharmaceuticals in animal wastes enter the
environment directly though infiltration into groundwater or runoff into surface waters. Although
the concentrations of Pharmaceuticals identified in the environment are typically low, the
potential for long term risks to human and ecological health are increasingly being recognized.
This work will evaluate transport processes affecting pharmaceutical movement in the
environment, and will study the influence of amphiphiles (e.g., surfactants, phospholipids) on the
fate and transport of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Amphiphiles are widely used in
pharmaceutical products to stabilize emulsions and enhance drug delivery within the body. In
addition, surfactants from detergents and other products are often present in wastewaters, and
enter the environment with pharmaceuticals through wastewater discharges. Because of their
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surface active nature, amphiphiles can have a profound effect on the fate and transport of many
contaminants. It is highly likely that the same will be true of their effects on the fate and
transport of Pharmaceuticals.
Approach:
This work will examine the influence of amphiphiles on the fate and transport of
Pharmaceuticals through a combination of batch and column adsorption and desorption
experiments involving environmentally relevant pharmaceuticals and amphiphiles.
Pharmaceuticals and amphiphiles will be used in concentrations covering the range of likely
environmental conditions, from ultra-low concentrations (ng/L) of each, through moderate
concentrations (mg/L or higher) which might be observed directly at an infiltration source (e.g.,
a confined animal feeding operation, etc.). Experimental results will be coupled with transport
simulation (tracking both surfactants and pharmaceuticals) to assess the potential impact of
amphiphiles on the migration of pharmaceuticals.
Expected Results:
The results of this work will provide new insight into the fate and transport of pharmaceuticals.
Although amphiphiles are widely used with pharmaceuticals and are present at high
concentrations in wastewaters, work examining the influence of amphiphiles on the fate and
transport of pharmaceuticals has not been reported to date. The results of this work will provide
new quantitative tools for evaluating the transport of pharmaceuticals, and may ultimately lead to
reformulation of amphiphiles used in drug delivery to reduce the environmental mobility of
pharmaceuticals, enhancing opportunities for natural degradation.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
EPA Grant Number: R829009
Title: Riverbank Filtration Effectiveness in an Arid Environment
Investigators: Richard P. Langford1, Surresh Pillai2, Dirk Schulze-Makuch1
Institution: ' University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX;
2 Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
EPA Project Officer: Angela Page
Project Period: September 1,2001 through August 31,2004
Project Amount: $437,418
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description:
This experiment is a field test of bank filtration at a site where water level and salinity vary on an
annual basis, as they do in many arid and semi-arid streams. No other studies of bank filtration
have been performed in this kind of setting. Along the border with Mexico, shallow wells in the
Rio Grande alluvium provide untreated water to the residents of many communities. Knowledge
about the effectiveness of bank filtration can help prevent disease and provide affordable water
supplies for residents of both countries. Additionally, the large cities along the Rio Grande are
rapidly drawing down their aquifers and are planning on using Rio Grande water as their primary
supplies. Although most cities are planning to use treatment facilities to supply municipal water,
bank filtration may provide a cost-effective pretreatment method. Bank filtration is the cleaning
of contaminated water by pumping it from a stream through the banks to a well. The objective of
this study is to determine whether bank filtration is effective at removing particulates and
microbial pathogens in the Rio Grande, an arid stream that exhibits significant annual
fluctuations in water quantity and chemistry. This experiment will test bank filtration at a site
where water level and salinity vary on an annual basis, as they do in many arid and semi-arid
streams. No other studies of bank filtration have been performed in this kind of setting. Waters
of different chemistries mix during bank filtration, resulting in complex interactions between
soil, bacteria, pollutants and dissolved solids. During bank filtration, organic solids in the river
water are strained out into alluvial sediments (Brand et al., 1989; Schwarzenbach and Westall,
1981). Microbial reduction of these organics often creates an anaerobic zone, a few meters wide,
in which heavy metals are mobilized. Beyond the anaerobic zone, the subsurface alluvial
environment becomes aerobic. In the aerobic zone, trace elements and heavy metals are
immobilized and organic pollutants are reduced to harmless compounds.
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In humid climates, bank filtration has been shown to remove the majority of dissolved organic
constituents and heavy metals [e.g. (Sontheimer, 1980)]. Although bank filtration has been
successful in humid climates (Hoetzl et al., 1989; Laszlo and Szekely, 1989), there is little data
from arid climates. Bank storage/filtration technology is more difficult to apply to the Rio
Grande because of (1) the arid climate, (2) heterogeneous sand-dominated river deposits, and (3)
possible long-term salt or arsenic accumulation in the sediments. The overall objective of this
research proposal is to determine whether bank filtration is effective at removing particulates and
microbial pathogens. The experiments are designed to address the following questions: (1) Is the
stream the source of the water? Do stratigraphic heterogeneities reduce the effectiveness of bank
filtration? (2) Does variation in salinity and water depth change the effectiveness of bank
filtration? And (3) Does pumping rate change the effectiveness of bank filtration?
Approach:
The experiment will be a field experiment conducted at a research site established by the
University of Texas at El Paso. The bank-filtration research site offers important advantages as
the researchers can manipulate well spacing and pumping rates to best fit the design of the
experiment. For this experiment, a very short riverbank to pumping well distance is used to
minimize dilution of pathogen species. Wells will be drilled in a cross pattern at the experiment
site. Wells along the axis of the cross will document decreases in pathogen, while wells along the
cross-bar will document dispersion of the flow between the river and the pumping well. We will
characterize the experiment site by detailed analysis of cores collected from the wells. Slugs of
Bromide from three injection wells will be used to document the flow paths between the stream
and the pumping wells. Multi-level wells will be used to document vertical heterogeneities in
flow. Water samples will be collected twice each month during each of the three years of the
project. Samples will be collected as soon as flooding begins, and then at two-week intervals
during the November to February flooding of the channel. Water samples will be collected twice
a month and analyzed for water chemistry. Samples will be analyzed monthly for Giardia,
Cryptosporidium, and E. coli. A three dimensional model of water flow between the stream and
the well will be created and the effectiveness of bank filtration will be measured. Repeated
sampling will document the effects of changes in water chemistry and each year the site will be
sampled using a different pumping rate for the experiment well.
Expected Results:
This proposal addresses riverbank filtration in an arid setting and will allow independent
evaluation of the influences of seasonal variation in pumping rate and water level. The study will
also help determine the utility of bank filtration in a region that desperately is suffering from a
limited and polluted water supply. This experiment will test bank filtration at a site where water
level and salinity vary on an annual basis, as they do in many arid and semi-arid streams. No
other studies of bank filtration have been performed in this kind of setting. This field study will
also clearly identify the paths taken by water from stream channel to pumping well, allowing us
to isolate the effect of bank filtration from mixing and dilution from existing groundwater.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2002
Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
EPA Grant Number: R829180
Title: Infectivity and Virulence of Cryptosporidium Non-parvum Species in Healthy Adult
Volunteers
Investigators: Cynthia L. Chappell, Saul Tzipori, Pablo C. Okhuysen, A. Janecki, Herbert L.
DuPont, Giovanni Widmer
Institution: St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital
Tufts University
University of Texas Medical School
University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: Angela Page
Project Period: September 1, 2001 through August 31, 2004
Project Amount: $524,540
Research Category: Drinking Water - Disinfection Byproducts
Description:
Cryptosporidiosis in humans was thought to be associated with C. parvum only, but recent
evidence suggests other Cryptosporidium species can infect/cause illness in
immunocompromised individuals. C. meleagridis, C.felis, and C. muris have been detected in
immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. These observations raise questions about
the role of non-parvum species in community diarrheal illness.
Previous experimental infections in healthy volunteers have used C. parvum genotype 2 isolates;
further studies of genotype 1 isolates are in progress. Development of the gnotobiotic (GNB) pig
model provides a lab host for the amplification of C. parvum genotype 1 isolates. Results suggest
the GNB pig will support the replication of other Cryptosporidium species as well. This advance
in identifying a human surrogate makes amplification of non-parvum isolates for use in volunteer
studies possible.
Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in healthy adults has revealed variability in infectivity, outcome,
and immune response to geographically-diverse genotype 2/C isolates. Recent in vitro studies,
using a human enterocyte cell line, HCT-8, show that the percent infectivity of the 3 isolates
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studied in vitro correlates highly with human IDSO's, suggesting that this model may serve as an
in vitro surrogate to human infections and could be valuable in assessing environmental oocysts
for their human disease potential.
Objectives/Hypothesis:
It is hypothesized that non-parvum species of Cryptosporidium can replicate and cause illness in
immunocompromised individuals; thus, persons with normal immune systems will also be
susceptible to infection and illness with these isolates.
The study can be divided into 3 parts: (1) establishment of the Cryptosporidium species (C.felis,
C. muris, C. meleagridis or C. baileyi} in lab host(s) and confirmation of genotypic stability, (2)
examination of the infectivity and development of the Cryptosporidium species, and (3)
determination of the infectivity and host response in healthy volunteers challenged.
Approach:
The first objective will be accomplished by passaging the oocysts in GNB pigs or avian species
as required. Genotypic analysis will be based on multilocus polymorphism, and genetic stability
after passage in animal and human hosts will be followed by specific species biomarkers. Human
enterocyte cell cultures will be used to study infectivity and parasite development (all
Cryptosporidium species). Likewise, infectivity and illness in humans will be studied by
challenging healthy adult volunteers with 105 oocysts per subject employing a protocol that has
been described in previously published work.
Expected Results:
Documenting infectivity and illness outcomes of humans challenged with non-parvum species
will significantly advance the understanding of community acquired cryptosporidiosis and allow
the development of more accurate risk assessment models. Antibody and cellular studies in
humans will examine the immune response to exposure and/or infection. Fecal samples will be
screened for mucosal antibody, which (if found) will be examined for cross-reactivity among
antigens from various C. parvum species. These studies will be important in understanding
Cryptosporidium infection in the community and will have significant implications for water
quality regulations.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based Estimates of
Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying Environmental Conditions
EPA Grant Number: R829369
Title: Gymnodinium breve in the Gulf of Mexico: Gyroxanthin-based Estimates of
Carbon-Specific Growth Rates Under Varying Environmental Conditions
Investigators: Tammi L. Richardson, James L. Pinckney
Institution: Texas A & M University
Department of Oceanography
College Station, TX
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: November 15,2001 through November 14,2004
Project Amount: $100,387
Research Category: Harmful Algal Blooms
Description:
Determination of in situ growth rates of HAB-forming species is critical to an accurate
description of bloom dynamics, but there are currently few reliable methods of directly
determining growth rates on natural populations. Photopigment radiolabeling, a method for
measuring carbon (C)-specific growth rates of phytoplankton, is based on the determination of
synthesis rates of chlorophylls and carotenoids using photosynthetically-assimilated 14C as a
radiotracer. This work will examine the use of radiolabeling of the biomarker pigment
gyroxanthin as a diagnostic tool for determining growth rates of natural populations of the toxic
dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve (recently renamed Karenia brevis) in Texas and Florida
coastal waters, and will examine effects of varying nutrient and light regimes on K. brevis
growth rates.
Approach:
We will use batch and semi-continuous cultures to assess growth rate responses ofK, brevis.
Batch cultures will investigate growth rate dynamics under varied environmental conditions,
including varying forms and concentrations of nitrogen and three irradiance levels. Samples will
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be analyzed for inorganic nutrients, urea, cell counts, POC and PON, and photopigments,
including gyroxanthin and total chl a. Semi-continuous cultures will allow an evaluation of the
photopigment radiolabeling method under conditions of steady state growth, an important
assumption of the radiolabeling technique. Growth rates derived from steady-state
semi-continuous cultures will be defined as the "true" growth rate for comparisons with other
methods. Once we have determined if the gyroxanthin radiolabeling technique gives satisfactory
results, we will apply the technique to field investigations of the in situ growth rate of AT. brevis
off Texas and/or the Florida shelf. Work in the field will concentrate on measurements of K.
brevis growth rates throughout the course of a bloom and in vertical profiles.
Expected Results:
Why does K. brevis bloom? In order to address this question from a mechanistic perspective, we
need to directly measure K. brevis growth rate responses in its natural environment. The
fundamental question is whether or not these blooms are caused by changes in the physiology of
K. brevis, such as an alteration in the population growth rate, or some alteration in their
environment that allows this species to out-compete other members of the phytoplankton
community. The gyroxanthin-based radiolabeling technique outlined in this proposal will likely
prove invaluable as a tool for describing the ecophysiology ofK. brevis under natural conditions.
This research project will address concerns of phytoplankton physiologists as well as resource
managers cojicerned with environmental limitations and controls of toxic dinoflagellate blooms
in coastal waters. In light of the possible relationships between anthropogenic nutrient
discharges, coastal eutrophication, and red-tide bloom formation, this project has the potential to
enhance our understanding of the mechanistic relationship between growth, light, and nutrients
for K. brevis and closely-related HAB species.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
EPA Grant Number: R829420E01
Title: Human Activities and a Changing Climate in Louisiana
Investigators: Michael Dagg
Institution: Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
EPA Project Officer: Darrell Winner
Project Period: June 10,2002 through June 9,2004
Project Amount: $74,534
Research Category: EPSCoR (The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research)
Description:
Global change will affect Louisiana in numerous ways, including: enhancement of sea-level rise
and the associated changes in coastal ecosystems; changing patterns and amounts of fisheries
production; changing patterns, amounts and quality of drainage from land to sea; changes in
weather and climate: wind patterns; storm frequency and intensity; and long term shifts to
non-hydrocarbon energy sources. The Objectives of this project are to develop a coordinated,
multi-institutional research and education program addressing aspects of global change most
relevant to Louisiana and to enhance Louisiana's capability for understanding and predicting the
effects of climate change on state ecosystems, culture, and economy. Three SEERs (Science and
Engineering Environmental Research) were selected via a competitive process to address aspects
of the broader Global Change (see following abstracts).
Approach:
Specific SIP activities that will be accomplished in support of the SEERs and to develop a
broad-based statewide capability for responding to global change issues include: a seminar
series, a scientific workshop, partial support for a science writer, development grants for students
and postdoctorals, a summer internship program for students from any of Louisiana's
universities, travel grants for non-SEER faculty and students to attend national meetings relevant
to our Global Change theme, and the teaching of a two week summer course on Climate Change
and Human Impacts in Louisiana, to be presented as part of LUMCON's university education
program.
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Expected Results:
The proposed SIP activities will significantly enhance the more focused activities proposed by
the SEERs by providing several means of cross-SEER interaction and activity, and will enhance
awareness throughout academia. In addition, we will attempt to reach beyond the scientific
community to engage an interested public, a public that will face potentially serious impacts
brought about by climate change.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global warming?
EPA Grant Number: R829420E02
Title: How likely is it that fish populations will successfully adapt to global warming?
Investigators: Paul L. Klerks, Paul L. Leberg
Institution: University of Louisiana at Lafayette
EPA Project Officer: Darrell Winner
Project Period: June 10, 2002 through June 9, 2004
Project Amount: $121,598
Research Category: EPSCoR (The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research)
Description:
The proposed research will investigate how likely it is that populations of fish will successfully
adapt to temperature changes associated with global warming. A major factor determining the
long-term ecological effects of global warming will be whether organisms will be able to adapt
to global warming. Successful adaptation would mean that global warming does not displace
species from their current habitats. Distribution shifts and extinctions would occur if the
organisms would fail to adapt to deleterious effects of global warming. At present there is
insufficient information to predict almost any species' evolutionary response to climate change.
The question is of special importance to the southeastern U.S., as organisms in warm waters may
already be living close to their temperature tolerance limit, and because of the importance of
fishery resources to the region's economy.
Approach:
Three questions will be addressed: (1) Are populations potentially able to adapt to temperature
changes? This will be addressed through: (a) laboratory selection experiments, (b)
determinations of the amount of heritable variation for temperature tolerance in laboratory
populations, and (c) comparisons of temperature tolerance between wild populations in waters
receiving heated effluents and those in control areas. (2) What is the relationship between
population bottlenecks, genetic variation, and a population's ability to adapt to temperature
changes? It will be determined if laboratory populations that have experienced specific
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population bottlenecks differ in their response to selection for temperature tolerance and/or differ
in the amount of variation for temperature tolerance that is heritable. (3) What are the
consequences of adaptation to temperature changes for long-term survival? Fitness consequences
of adaptation will be compared between control and adapted populations. Several fitness
components will be determined at individual and/or population levels: genetic variation, growth,
reproduction, sexual development, and response to other stressors.
Expected Results:
This research will demonstrate for two specific fish species if they can adapt to increased water
temperatures, what the long-term fitness consequences are, and whether the capacity to adapt is
affected by a drastic reduction in population size.
Supplemental Keywords: global climate, temperature, ecological effects, vulnerability, genetic
variation, aquatic, ecology., Air, Geographic Area, RFA, Scientific Discipline, Atmospheric
Sciences, Ecological Risk Assessment, Ecology and Ecosystems, Hydrology, State, climate
change, Global Climate Change, Louisiana (LA), aquatic ecology, climate variability, coastal
ecosystems, fish habitat, genetic diversity, global change, global warming, land and water
resources, watershed
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions of salinity stress,
genetic diversity and population characteristics offish inhabiting coastal marshes
EPA Grant Number: R829420E03
Title: Saltwater intrusion on the gulf coast: an assessment of the interactions of salinity stress,
genetic diversity and population characteristics offish inhabiting coastal marshes
Investigators: Paul L. Leberg, Paul L. Klerks
Institution: University of Louisiana at Lafayette
PO Box 42451
Lafayette, LA 70504
EPA Project Officer: Darrell Winner
Project Period: June 10,2002 through June 9, 2004
Project Amount: $133,410
Research Category: EPSCoR (The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research)
Description:
A consequence of climate change is the intrusion of saltwater into freshwater systems. Coastal
Louisiana is currently experiencing higher than expected salinities in traditionally freshwater
marshes and waterways. Studies of the effects of saltwater intrusion on resident animals are
usually limited to documenting community changes. There has been little investigation of effects
of saltwater intrusion on the demography and genetic structure. We propose to use the rapidly
changing situation in Louisiana?s coastal marshes to understand how increasing salinity affects
populations of resident fishes. Our objective is to examine how increasing salinity affects the
ecology, demography, population structure, and genetic variation. The model organism for this
research will be the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) a wide spread and common
predator that has been the subject of numerous studies on the effects of environmental stress on
individual viability. We will test the hypothesis that increasing salinity is influencing genetic
variation through demographic bottlenecks and local adaptation. We will also examine the
hypothesis that fragmentation, associated with sea-level rise, will increase genetic differentiation
among populations, as well as extinction of local populations.
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Approach:
We will assess demographic and genetic characteristics of populations exposed to different
levels of salinity stress in both the field and experimental mesocosms.. Field sampling will be
conducted in two separate hydrological basins across a salinity gradient including fresh,
intermediate, and brackish marsh. We will assay genetic variation using microsatellite and
allozyme markers to determine if increased salinity leads to changes in genetic diversity and
interpopulation genetic differentiation through effects on population size and habitat
fragmentation. Using mesocosms, we will determine if losses of genetic diversity, likely to occur
with decreases in population size resulting from salinity exposure, affect the viability of fish
populations in recovering freshwater environments, as well as in habitats with continued
exposure to increased salinity. Experimental manipulations and field sampling will also be used
to determine if a population's history of exposure to increased salinity affects subsequent
viability in brackish and freshwater environments.
Expected Results:
This research will contribute to our understanding of how saltwater intrusion affects animal
populations and helps address efforts to protect and restore coastal marshes. The project will
support efforts to develop a combination of field sampling, molecular assays, and experimental
approaches using model organisms to address problems of environmental change in the state's
coastal marshes.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
EPA Grant Number: R829420E04
Title: Modeling the impacts of climate change on wetland ecosystems
Investigators: Vibhas Aravamuthan, Robert Twilley, Joseph N. Suhayda, Vijay P. Singh,
Jagannathan Ramanujam, David Koppelman, Ganesh Thiagarajan
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge , University of Louisiana at Lafayette ,
University of Missouri - Kansas City
EPA Project Officer: Darrell Winner
Project Period: June 10,2002 through June 9,2004
Project Amount: $129,210
Research Category: EPSCoR (The Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research)
Description:
The overall goal of this project is to develop a coupled global climate model
and hydrologic/landscape ecology model for assessing the impact of climate
change on the hydrology and ecology of Louisiana wetlands. Due to the
complex interaction between the climatologic, hydrologic and ecologic
processes, an integrated approach to study these processes is proposed.
The proposed work involves the integration of a Global Climate Model, an
overland flow hydrologic model, a coastal hydrodynamic model, and a
landscape ecology model. The model would address the issue of integrating
processes occurring at widely varying spatial and temporal scales. Although
the model would be applied to Louisiana wetlands, it would not be site
specific, and should be applicable to other regions with minimal effort.
Special attention would be paid to algorithmic development so that the model
would be architecture independent. This would be achieved by developing the
model code using the Fortran 90 language with High Performance Fortran
extensions, so that the model could be run on both uniprocessor and
multiprocessor shared memory or distributed memory systems.
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Approach:
A stochastic weather generation model will be developed and calibrated
using data archived at the Southern Regional Climate Center in LSU. The
hydrologic and hydrodynamic components of the model will be calibrated
and verified using river stage and tide gage data collected by the United
States Geological Survey and the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
The landscape ecology model will be calibrated using satellite images and
aerial photographs.
Expected Results:
The model will be used to study the climatological impacts on the hydrology
and ecology of coastal Louisiana. The climatological scenarios include
global warming due to increased CO2 emissions and sea level rise predicted
by the global climate model. The results of this study should be of interest,
to a broad spectrum of agencies and individual researchers who are involved
in making scientific and management decisions regarding the protection,
planning and restoration of wetlands. Expected contributions of this study
are: improved understanding of the coupled interactions between the
climatologic, hydrologic and ecologic factors at time scales of decades, and
a first step towards the development of an effective tool for the management
and restoration of ecosystems.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the Southern High Plains
EPA Grant Number: R829641
Title: Interactions among climate, humans and playa wetlands on the Southern High Plains
Investigators: Scott T. McMurry, W. P. Dayawansa, L. M. Smith, D. B. Willis, C.F. Martin, K.
R. Dixon, C. W. Theodorakis
Institution: Texas Tech University
EPA Project Officer: Vivian Turner
Project Period: May 1, 2002 through April 30, 2005
Project Amount: $900,000
Research Category: Assessing the Consequences of Global Change for Aquatic Ecosystems:
Climate, Land Use, and UV Radiation
Description:
The hydroperiod of a playa wetland is influenced by climate (e.g.,
temperature, frequency and amount of rainfall), landscape (e.g., grassland,
cropland), and the current amount of sediment in the playa. Sedimentation in
a playa is influenced by the type of landscape surrounding it, such that land
use surrounding a particular playa ultimately affects its hydroperiod. We
hypothesize that climatic variability, and past, current, and future land use
practices (e.g., crop production, conversion to grasslands) dictate
hydroperiod and spatial distribution of wet playas. This, in turn, influences
the ecological structure of vegetation and animal communities that rely on
playa lakes for many life history requisites.
Approach:
Amphibian, avian, and plant communities will be described for 40
playas with varying hydroperiods in grassland and cropland landscapes.
Climate stations at each playa will provide local information on precipitation,
temperature, etc. These data will be incorporated into models and/or used to
test model predictions to understand the interaction between climate
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test model predictions to understand the interaction between climate
changes and land use patterns, and their influence on sedimentation in and
hydroperiod of playa wetlands. Several existing models will be used and
integrated to predict the direct and interactive effects of changing climate and
land use practices on playa wetland dynamics, and responses of agricultural
producers to changes in climate and costs of production over time.
Expected Results:
This research will generate two sets of complimentary
results. The first set of results will provide understanding of the direct effects
climatic change will have on the ecology of the playa lake systems,
agricultural land productivity (both cropland and grassland), and agricultural
input requirements (fertilizer, water, seed, etc.) in the Southern High Plains.
The second set of results will compliment the first set, and focus on the
human dimension of climatic change, and will answer two important
questions. First, how will agricultural producers modify land management
practices to mitigate the effect of climatic change, and secondly, how will
these changes in agricultural resource management impact the ability of
playa lake ecological systems to adapt to climatic change.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank Filtration
EPA Grant Number: R829785
Title: Evaluating Microbial Indicators and Health Risks Associated with Bank Filtration
Investigators: Frost, Floyd, Kunde, Twila
Institution: Lovelace Clinic Foundation
2309 Renard PI. SE
Albuquerque, NM 87106
EPA Project Officer: Page, Angela
Project Period: July 1,2002 through July 31,2005
Project Amount: $524,840
Research Category: Microbial Risk in Drinking Water
Description:
The study design will be a prospective two year study during which sera and water quality data
will be collected from several sites in Nebraska where drinking water is derived from three types
of sources. Lincoln, Nebraska is a city of 225,000 with an economy based on agriculture,
education and government employment. Lincoln uses bank filtered drinking water obtained from
the Platt River. The water is directly filtered and ozonated. Kearney, Nebraska is a city of 25,000
that uses bank filtered water from the Platt River that is chlorinated. Kearney has no additional
water treatment. Kearney's economy is based primarily on agriculture and the city is located
approximately 80 miles west of Lincoln. A series of small towns around Lincoln will be used as
ground water cities. Each uses well water obtained sufficiently distant from the Platt River that it
is not under the direct influence of surface water. Two of these communities are Waverly, which
is a community of 5,000, located approximately 5 miles east of Lincoln, and Ashland, which is a
town of 1,000 located 15 miles east of Lincoln. Sera will be tested for evidence of prior infection
from Cryptosporidium.
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Approach:
Sera from 50 people from each of three communities (users of bank filtered and chlorinated,
bank filtered plus direct filtration plus ozonation and chlorinated ground water) will be collected
at baseline and at 5 follow-up blood draws. A questionnaire on risk factors will be collected at
each blood draw. Sera will be tested for the presence of antibody responses to two
Cryptosporidium antigens (15/17-kDa and 27-kDa) and for serological changes
(seroconversion). The baseline level of serological responses as well as the rates of
seroconversion will be compared for each population (50 baseline and 250 periods for estimating
rates of seroconversion) for each population. Comparisons will adjust for collected risk factor
data from each individual. For purposes of extrapolating these results to other locations, a series
of source and finished water quality indicators will be measured for each water source.
Expected Results:
Although the absence of oocysts in the finished water might be considered an indicator of safe
water, oocyst detection methods are unreliable. This study will compare rates of infection in the
user populations for three source/treatment groups. This approach can more accurately identify
increased risks of waterborne Cryptosporidium transmission than oocyst detection. Source water
will be characterized for indicators of microbial organisms and removal of pathogens. Particle
sizes distributions before and after bank filtration will also be characterized. In prior studies,
increased risks of infection have not been related to increased risk of illness; however, the
increased risks of infection indicate that viable oocysts have passed through the treatment plant.
This study will have the power to detect a difference in the seroconversion between bank filtered
and other water systems of 10%, less than differences in serconversion rates seen in earlier
studies of surface versus ground water users.
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Type: STAR GRANT
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing Dinoflagellate
EPA Grant Number: R830413
Title: Linking Population and Physiological Diversity in a Toxin-producing Dinoflagellate
Investigators: Lisa Campbell, John R. Gold
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Gina Perovich
Project Period: September 1,2002 through August 31, 2005
Project Amount: $464,880
Research Category: Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB)
Description:
1.Optimizing a suite of hypervariable, nuclear-encoded DNA markers (microsatellites) that have
been developed to characterize genetic diversity among isolates ofK. brevis;
2.Establishing clonal cultures ofK. brevis during the onset, bloom, and decline of a red tide
event in order to assess genetic and physiological variability within a bloom; and
3.Testing the following null hypotheses: (a) spatial/temporal samples from a single bloom are
genetically homogeneous; and (b) geographic isolates ofK. brevis from the northern Gulf are
genetically homogeneous.
Approach:
A suite of microsatellite markers will be employed as tools to link diversity and structure of
isolates of K. brevis with the physiological and ecological bases of bloom formation. This is the
first broad-scale application of microsatellites in studies of toxic dinoflagellates. For each clonal
isolate established during the course of a bloom event, allele distributions at approximately 10 -
15 microsatellite loci will form the basis for tests of temporal (genetic) homogeneity.
Physiological characterization of unique clones will consist of determining growth rates and
cellular brevetoxin levels at three light irradiances and five salinities in a factorial design. Data
analysis primarily will include tests of spatial and temporal homogeneity (including molecular
analysis of variance or AMOVA) of allele (haplotype) distributions (frequencies). Estimates of
haplotype (nucleon) diversity and intrapopulational nucleotide diversity will also be generated.
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Neighbor-joining of genetic distance matrices will be used as a means to assess genetic and
evolutionary relationships among spatial and temporal samples.
Expected Results:
A database for dinoflagellate microsatellite alleles will be initiated for the Gulf. Initial results
will assess population-genetic structure and elucidate levels of genetic variation and diversity
within blooms as they develop. Ultimately, results will provide profiles of genetic and ecological
diversity on appropriate spatial and temporal scales to test rigorously hypotheses regarding
various environmental variables and how they affect and influence bloom formation and
population structure of species ofKarenia. The work will be critical to interpretation of
dynamics of field populations and in models used to predict occurrences of harmful algal
blooms.
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Section 3.3
Listings 101 to 115
STAR Fellowship Pink Pages
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
EPA Grant Number: GF9500575
Title: Reductive Dehalogenation at Electrodes
Investigators: Richard Presley
Institution: New Mexico Highlands University
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: May 1,1995 through
Project Amount: $23,830
Research Category: Fellowship - Chemistry
Description:
For this project a new pump and treat method is proposed in which halocarbon contaminated
groundwater is detoxified by passage over carbon cathods. These contaminants rank prominantly
in frequency of occurrence at superfund sites. Many of these resist oxidative treatment, hence
reductive treatments are needed. The kinetics, products and mass balances of reduction of CC14,
C2C14, and C6C16 at carbon cathodes will be studied. Both bare and devitalized C electrodes will
be used. This technology may also be effective in treatment of nitroaromatics and nitrosamines.
Currently the best available treatment technique for the destruction of these chlorinated volatile
organic compounds appears to be air stripping followed by catalytic oxidation. Drawbacks to this
method are largely the result of incomplete oxidation. Direct reduction of halocarbons at metal
surfaces, electrodes, and photoelectrodes has seen only modest investigation for potential
treatment methods. Three important criteria that will determine the value of such techniques are
the absolute reaction rates for halocarbon reduction; the extent of dechlorination; and the relative
rates of water electrolysis vs. dechlorination.
Approach:
The work will involve bench-scale studies initially focused on the efficacy of bare electrodes.
The controlled potential electrolysis with coulometry in gas tight cells gives the necessary
information to establish the energy efficiency. Sampling of gas and liquid phases and analysis by
GC-MS and GC-EC afford the fate and rate data. The reaction will be studied as a function of pH
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applied potential, ionic strength, aerobically and in the presence of nitrates. Depending on the
initial findings electrode derivation will be investigated.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate Change
EPA Grant Number: GF9500913
Title: Culture, Science and Uncertainty: Conflicting Positions on Climate Change
Investigators: Myanna Lahsen
Institution: Rice University
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: August 1, 1995 through
Project Amount: $23,452
Research Category: Fellowship - Social Sciences
Description:
The central purpose of this project is to provide a framework to aid policy-makers' interpretation
of conflicting scientific positions on anthropogenic climate change and to inform scientists about
influential extra scientific dimensions of their work of which they may not be aware. This project
will attempt to fill a void in studies concerning climate change. While the role of extra scientific
factors in expert positions on climate modeling and climate change often is recognized, and calls
have been made for studies to clarify their dynamics and influence no such in-depth study has
yet been done. Research on climate change is dominated by physical sciences, and, with some
exceptions the scarce social science research that has been done related to climate change tends
to focus on how humans contribute to and are affected by the changes.
Approach:
This project differs significantly from such studies with its focus on how climate change is
constructed as a problem by climate scientists in the first place, how these scientists estimate the
seriousness of its effects, and the social influences shaping their estimates. The in-depth,
ethnographic nature of this study also distinguishes it from the extant preliminary surveys of
expert opinion on climate change and investigations into the extra-scientific dimensions of
scientific understandings of climate change . The approach adopted here is informed by
constuctivist and cultural studies of science. Constructivist approaches focus on the role of social
contexts in the creation of knowledge as it is produced by communities with strong commitments
to specific socio-cultural and professional practices, assumptions, values, and modes of
discourse. Therefore, this study is the result of informed by historical and sociological studies of
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the role of differently oriented scientists in environmental politics and of how social dynamics
have shaped the trajectories of climate-related theories. The ways in which scientific theories and
discussions on climate change reflect differences in predispositions related to cultural, social,
and professional backgrounds, affiliations, values, and belief-systems will be investigated
through data obtained by standard interview and archival methods, as well as participant
-observation. The central mechanism for analysis is qualitative and comparative in nature,
informed in part by methods of qualitative data analysis described by Werner & Schoepfle
(1986). Snowball sampling will work to include the most prominent and influential scientists.
The project will also probe scientists' assumptions about the future for insight into value and
belief systems, as studies have suggested how future images reveal assumptions about humans'
ability, or lack thereof, to influence and control the natural environment and about the possibility
and desirability of social change. Ethnographic study of environmental values in American
culture will also be helpful in the selection and formulation of interview questions; their study
proved how best to select and word interview questions about values to obtain meaningful
responses. Analyses of rhetoric provide insight into how to adjudicate among competing values,
prescriptions, or knowledge claims, through considerations of how culture, politics, power, and
ideology influence the discourses of science.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
EPA Grant Number: GF9502150
Title: Intrinsic Bioremediation: Process Demonstration and Evaluation
Investigators: Derek Williamson
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: August 15,1995 through
Project Amount: $31,500
Research Category: Fellowship - Engineering
Description:
The objectives of this research are to use field site data and samples to: 1) demonstrate that the
primary natural attenuation mechanism for mobile polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at
selected remediation sites is biological transformation, 2) indicate conditions in soil and ground
water systems under which intrinsic bioremediation will occur, and 3) provide parameters that
may be used as input for models of intrinsic bioremediation under field conditions.
Approach:
To accomplish the objectives of this study several sites must be identified and involved parties
must be willing to provide access to site data samples. At least one site from each of the
following three classes will be used: class 1) sites where compounds of concern are mobile, the
saturated zone is the zone of interest, aquifer solids contain low levels of organic carbon, and the
source has been removed; class 2) similar to class 1 except that a source is still present; and class
3) characterized by the presence of low mobility residual organics from prior remediation
processes. The first step is determining if the site soils are capable of degrading the compounds
of concern. The second step is to demonstrate the occurrence of intrinsic bioremediation by
monitoring l)compounds of concern, 2)electron acceptors, and 3) nutrient levels in the soil and
ground water phases at the demonstration sites. Wells and soil cores will be used to provide
these samples. Monitoring will be performed periodically, so that rates of removal of chemicals
and rates of depletion of electron acceptors and nutrients can be determined. This research will
integrate field and lab data to provide a better understanding of the fate of PAHs in the
subsurface under natural conditions.
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Expected Results:
By working closely with industrial site representatives the project will reflect "real world"
engineering needs and will provide input data needed by the modeling community to more
accurately describe intrinsic bioremediation at coal-tar and wood-preserving sites.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status:Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing Anthropogenic Effects
EPA Grant Number: GF9502211
Title: Land Use and Natural Butterfly Populations: Assessing Anthropogenic Effects
Investigators: David A. Boughton
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: August 1,1995 through
Project Amount: $27,814
Research Category: Fellowship - Ecology
Description:
Objective: The purpose of this project is develop an approach to evaluating and predicting the
effects of land use on natural butterfly populations. Two studies will be conducted.
Approach:
The first study will examine differences in the mechanisms of colonization in empty habitats in
areas of highly disturbed, logged clearings versus colonization of low- disturbance, selectively
logged forests in the Sequoia National Forest in California. The project will quantify response to
differences to habitat, including spatial structure, temporal structure, and parasitoids, and
behavior, including habitat preference, search efficiency. The information developed under this
study will be applied to computer models to identify critical information and the relationship
between model accuracy and completeness.
A second study, conducted on populations of tropical butterflies in Costa Rica, will examine
extinction risks from three different kinds of land use, including preservation, low-level
extraction, and high-disturbance agriculture. For this study, landscape patterns will be
characterized using images obtained by remote sensing, species will be selected and monitored
to characterize the land use impacts to species of differing biotic connectivity, habitat use and
mobility, and changes to habitat occupancy will be monitored and recorded.
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Expected Results:
The data developed under this study will be used to assess the effects of land use alternatives on
index values for each species evaluated, and attempts will be made to predict impact of land use
on additional species with similar biotic traits.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status:Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor for Co-
metabolic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
EPA Grant Number: U915323
Title: Development and Demonstration of a Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor for Co-
metabolic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents
Investigators: Jonathan G. Pressman
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Delores Thompson
Project Period: August 26, 1998 through
Project Amount: $31,412
Research Category: Fellowship - Environmental Engineering
Description:
Contamination of groundwater and soils with chlorinated aliphatic solvents is a widespread
problem. One promising approach for treating chlorinated solvents is to destroy them through
cometabolism in aerobic biological processes. Cometabolism requires a supplemental carbon and
energy source for the bacteria, as the chlorinated solvents do not meet this need. This research
will develop a new technology to address challenging chlorinated solvent problems. The
technology will treat chlorinated methanes, ethanes and ethenes, will handle mixed wastes
containing chemicals that are toxic to the organisms, and will be applicable to both contaminated
water and air streams.
This new technology is based on a specialized methane-degrading bacteria, Methylosinus
trichosporium OB3b PP358, developed in our laboratory and on a new type of bioreactor, a
hollow fiber membrane reactor. A hollow fiber membrane reactor provides a protective barrier
between the organisms and the contaminated water or air, because only the volatile chemicals
can cross the membrane. The reactor also allows a very high degree of control over the
biological process, so that maximum biodegradation rates can be obtained. The objectives of this
research include the following:
Demonstrate successful performance of the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor for treating TCE
contaminated water.
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Demonstrate successful performance of the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor for treating TCE
contaminated air.
Understand the fundamental interactions between/among microbial metabolism and bioreactor
performance.
Understand the engineering design variables in order to develop a system design strategy.
Extend hollow fiber membrane bioreactor studies to other chlorinated solvents and mixtures of
chlorinated solvents.
This research will identify important process variables, the interactions among them, the
appropriate system configuration, and the best operating strategies. Computer models of the
process will be refined to assist in analysis, design and operation of the process.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Environmental transport modeling
EPA Grant Number: U915324
Title: Environmental transport modeling
Investigators: Roseanna M. Neupauer
Institution: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
EPA Project Officer: Delores Thompson
Project Period: August 24,1998 through
Project Amount: $25,006
Research Category: Fellowship - Environmental Engineering
Description:
Environmental transport modeling is commonly used to estimate the concentration of a
contaminant at is moves away from its source. For example, models can be used to estimate
dissolved oxygen concentration in a river downstream from a wastewater treatment plant
discharge; to estimate sulfur dioxide concentration downwind from an off-gas emissions stack;
and to estimate the concentration of benzene in groundwater downgradient of a gasoline leak.
These models are called source-based models because the source location and release history are
known or assumed to be known, and the concentration of the contaminant downgradient of the
source is estimated. In many situations, contamination is observed at a receptor such as a
groundwater monitoring well, but the source location and source history are unknown. For these
receptor-based problems, source-based models can be used to identify the source locations;
however, a new technique called receptor-based modeling is more efficient. With a
receptor-based model, the contaminant concentration at the receptor is known, and the
corresponding source strength for a source at any upgradient location is estimated.
Approach:
The overall objective of this research is to develop a receptor-based modeling technique to
improve characterization of known sources of groundwater contamination and to identify
previously unknown sources of groundwater contamination. For this application of the
receptor-based model, a contaminant is detected in a monitoring or production well; thus, the
well is the receptor. If contamination is detected in a well, we can use receptor-based modeling
to obtain a probability distribution for the prior location of the contaminant. This method can
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also be used to obtain a probability distribution for the travel time of the contaminant to the point
of detection from some upgradient location. The goal of the proposed research is to determine
the effects of multiple detections on the probability distributions. The additional information
from multiple detections is expected to reduce the variance of the probability distribution and
therefore provide a better estimate of the source location.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status:Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters
EPA Grant Number: U915329
Title: Image Use in the Characterization of Field Parameters
Investigators: Garey A. Fox
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Delores Thompson
Project Period: June 1,1998 through
Project Amount: $27,613
Research Category: Fellowship - Agricultural Engineering
Description:
Determining appropriate management practices relies heavily on intense field measurements
requiring significant time and resource use. However, the site-specific variability within field
resources has been documented using new sources of technology, such as aerial photography,
remote sensing, image processing, and radar. Recent research has focused on the use of remote
sensing and aerial photography data to determine the nutrient availability within an area using
spectral-reflectance based measures. With an expected doubling of the world population over the
next forty years, food production must increase substantially in order to meet the increase in food
demand. Precision farming is regarded as the next step in food production technology to increase
land productivity in a sustainable fashion. Under precision farming, a field is divided into
smaller homogeneous management units, each of which can be managed based on its production
capacity. Data describing soil and crop conditions of each management unit are gathered on a
routine basis. Currently, spatial data describing the soil characteristics and productivity potential
are based on intensive soil sampling on a grid and on yield monitoring using mechanical
monitors. These methods are time consuming and expensive, and an alternative method is
needed.
Approach:
The goal of the proposed project is to develop a procedure for determining soil characteristics
and crop conditions based on imagery. The procedure will involve three steps. First, the research
will involve the acquisition of data through field and laboratory experiments. Then, the
development and evaluation of image processing algorithms to extract information from digital
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photographs will occur. This step will include the selection of appropriate measures relating
spectral reflectance to the soil and vegetation properties of interest to growers. Finally, the
research will focus on the development of procedures for simulating crop growth and estimating
potential yields, which will involve integrating geo-referenced data describing the production
field with a crop growth model, and devising a framework to include the remotely sensed
imagery as a method to define production inputs. The main question revolves around whether
this new technology can predict soil, water, and vegetative variables required in determining
site-specific management decisions.
Expected Results:
This information will lead to determining whether mass and energy balances can be calculated
using this new source of data, rather than through intense field measurements. With the use of
advanced technology in field measurement, current methods of soil variability can be replaced
by environmentally sensitive and cost-effective methods.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Natural hybridization
EPA Grant Number: U915345
Title: Natural hybridization
Investigators: Jonathan Alan Rosenfield
Institution: University of New Mexico
EPA Project Officer: Karen Morehouse
Project Period: August 24, 1998 through
Project Amount: $23,343
Research Category: Fellowship - Zoology
Description:
Natural hybridization is common among plant and animal species. Introgression occurs when
hybrids reproduce with members of one (or both) of the parental species that produced the
hybrids. Both hybridization and introgression can cause rapid evolution (e.g., speciation or
extinction). When introgression occurs between a common species and a rare species, the rare
species is frequently extirpated as its gene pool is assimilated by the hybrid swarm. This process
is a major threat to the conservation of genetically and phenotypically unique native diversity.
Approach:
I will use the rapid introgression between two pupfish species, the Pecos pupfish (Cyprinodon
pecosensis) and the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) to study the forces that may
contribute to extirpation-through-introgression. I will explore the effect of differences in hybrid
ecology, life history, and differential patterns of sexual selection on the formation, maintenance,
and spread of the hybrid swarm between these two species. A variety of laboratory tests will be
employed to uncover differences in these factors.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
EPA Grant Number: U915396
Title: Liquid Phase Mass Transfer in Spray Contactors
Investigators: Norman K. Yeh
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Delores Thompson
Project Period: September 1,1998 through
Project Amount: $25,524
Research Category: Fellowship - Chemical Engineering
Description:
Objective: In spray contactors such as those found in limestone slurry scrubbing of flue gas, the
formation of drops increases the gas-liquid contact area and improves the mass transfer between
the gas stream and the spray droplets. The rate of mass transfer may be gas or liquid film
controlled, depending on where most of the resistance to mass transfer occurs. The gas phase
mass transfer coefficients for liquid drops falling in gases have been measured and agree with
theoretical predictions. However, the liquid phase mass transfer coefficients do not agree with
models very well, and mass transfer in limestone slurry scrubbing is believed to be primarily
liquid film controlled. The goal of this research is to obtain quantitative relationships between
the liquid phase mass transfer coefficients and operating parameters for spray scrubbing (e.g.
nozzle type, liquid flowrate etc.).
i
An experimental spray column will be constructed to measure the liquid phase mass transfer
coefficients in sprays representative of those found in flue gas desulfurization. Mass transfer
rates in drops are strong functions of drop size and drop formation. Therefore, the drop sizes and
dynamic behavior of drops in spray scrubbing will be reproduced with a commercial scale
nozzle. Working with a commercial scale nozzle provides several challenges, including high
liquid flowrates and drop velocities. Thus, the experimental column will be designed to sample
only a small fraction of the total spray. The desorption of CO2 in an air-water system will be
studied to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficients, since the low solubility of CO2
in water tends to make the mass transfer liquid film controlled. Liquid samples will be collected
and analyzed to obtain CO2 concentration as a function of distance from the nozzle. Drop size
and contact time will have to be determined from correlations or measurements, e.g. with
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photographic methods. Using the drop size and contact time, liquid phase mass transfer
coefficients will be calculated. This procedure should allow the effects of nozzle selection and
liquid flow rate on the mass transfer coefficient to be quantified.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of heavy metal
bioavailability and toxicity in soil
EPA Grant Number: U915465
Title: Critical body residues and ion-exchange membranes as measures of heavy metal
bioavailability and toxicity in soil
Investigators: Jason Conder
Institution: Oklahoma State University - Main Campus
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: August 17, 1998 through
Project Amount: $23,858
Research Category: Fellowship - Toxicology
Description:
The ultimate goal of my research is to better understand the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd),
lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) to soil organisms, both as individual contaminants and as a mixture of
metals. Traditional chemical analyses of soils, which determine total heavy metal content, are
often not well correlated with toxicity due to a host of modifying factors such as pH, organic
matter content, and clay content. A more appropriate approach is to estimate the fraction of
metals available for uptake by soil organisms: the bioavailable fraction.
Approach:
Two methods of estimating the bioavailable fraction of metals will be investigated: i) earthworm
metal residues and ii) ion-exchange membrane uptake. Single- and multiple- metal toxicity tests
using the earthworm Eisenia fetida and ion-exchange membrane exposures will be carried out in
artificial soil. Toxic units will be calculated from the single-metal tests in order to evaluate
mixture toxicity of the multiple-metal test. During all toxicity tests, moribund earthworms will
be collected to determine critical body residues (CBRs) for each metal, providing a link between
body residues and acute toxicity. Critical body residues will also serve to further investigate
mixture toxicity. Ion-exchange membrane uptake will be compared to CBRs to investigate their
use as possible surrogates for earthworm bioassays.
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
EPA Grant Number: U915618
Title: An Enhanced Aerosol Size Distribution Methodology
Investigators: Roderick R. Pearson
Institution: University of Texas at El Paso
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: August 1,1999 through August 1,2002
Research Category: Fellowship - Earth Sciences
Description:
The objective of this research project is to develop an alternative means to analyze atmospheric
tropospheric aerosol physical properties from radiance measurements. An additional goal is to
create a template for monitoring atmospheric aerosol distributions for local and regional entities
complying with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?s regulations on air quality.
Approach:
The initial phase of the project will be the analysis of existing models of multi-scattering theory.
This will allow for the documenting of strengths and weaknesses of each model. Upon
completion of the documentation phase, the possibility of developing a new and more accurate,
first-principles model for electromagnetic scattering from a single aerosol particle will be
explored. This model would substitute for the corresponding algorithms in the existing radiative
transfer codes. From these existing models, the proper methodology will be improved and
developed to do a more accurate aerosol size distribution inversion using remote sensing data
(e.g., MISR and ground-based radiometers). The inversion data will be validated by statistical
comparison with several data sources. One source will be the T-Matrix, MIE, and Dipole
approximation models. A secondary source will be modeled dispersion data coupled with
particulate monitoring station data to give an overall particle size distribution profile for the local
airshed. The dispersion data will be derived from a prognostic meteorological model, the Perm
State/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System (MM5). MM5 will be used to develop wind profiles in
the analysis of aerosol dispersion in the local airshed.
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Expected Results:
A newly developed theory for electromagnetic scattering from a single irregularly shaped aerosol
particle should compare well with standard methods such as MIE and the Dipole approximation.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fijseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5419/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa. gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cftn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5419/report/2001
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2000,2001
Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance in Global Marine
Biogeochemistry
EPA Grant Number: U915635
Title: Atmospheric Organic Nitrogen - Origin, Speciation, and Significance in Global Marine
Biogeochemistry
Investigators: Kimberly A. Mace
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: Georgette Boddie
Project Period: August 1, 1999 through August 1,2002
Research Category: Fellowship - Oceanography
Description:
The goals of this research project are to: (1) measure total organic nitrogen (N) and total
inorganic N in rain, bulk, and particle size-separated aerosols; (2) measure specific forms of
atmospheric organic nitrogen (AON) to include urea and amino acids, and to relate them to total
organic N as determined in goal number 1; (3) compare historical and present-day concentrations
of organic N in ice core samples to determine the influence of human-induced change on organic
N totals; (4) evaluate biomass burning as a potential source of organic N; and (5) evaluate the N
isotope signatures of total organic N to ascertain possible sources.
Approach:
Sites for the study include an atmospheric sampling tower-based background monitoring station
located at Cape Grim, Tasmania, Australia; an atmospheric sampling tower located on the
windward coast of Oahu, Hawaii; an atmospheric sampling tower located on the Turkish
Mediterranean coast; and wet and dry season samples collected from a biomass burning region in
central Amazonia, Brazil. Samples will be analyzed for total inorganic and organic N. The
organic portion of samples will be determined primarily by ultraviolet (UV) oxidation using a
Metrohm 705 UV digestor (Metrohm, Switzerland). Other methods, such as persulfate digestion,
also will be evaluated. Amino acids will be determined by a dabsyl chloride (DABS-C1) method
for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urea will be determined using both an ion
chromatography (1C) method and a standard colorimetric method. N isotopes will be evaluated
on a number of samples and possibly for individual organic species within the organic N pool.
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Ice core samples from Greenland will be analyzed using the methodology above to determine
whether AON is a predominantly anthropogenic component.
Expected Results:
Expectations concerning the origin of organic nitrogen in the atmosphere are premature at this
time. It is likely that many different sources contribute to the composition of the organic N
fraction, and that these sources are largely the result of land use patterns.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5245/report/2000
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfin/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5245/report/2001
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2001
The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and Environmental Xenobiotic
Chemicals in Modulating Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
EPA Grant Number: U915731
Title: The Roles of Calcium-dependent Signal Transduction and Environmental Xenobiotic
Chemicals in Modulating Ovarian Steroidogenesis in Sciaenids
Investigators: Abby Diane Benninghoff
Institution: University of Texas at Austin
EPA Project Officer: Jason Edwards
Project Period: August 1, 2000 through August 1, 2003
Research Category: Fellowship - Environmental Toxicology
Description:
The goal of this research project is to investigate xenobiotic chemical disruption of
calcium-dependent signaling as a potential novel mechanism of endocrine disruption in the
Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), two
sciaenid species inhabiting coastal areas in the Gulf of Mexico. The importance of calcium
signaling in hormonal control of ovarian steroid production has been demonstrated in numerous
vertebrate species. Therefore, the specific objectives for this research project are to: (1)
characterize the calcium-dependent signaling pathways regulating ovarian steroid production,
and (2) investigate xenobiotic chemical alteration of these calcium signaling pathways.
Approach:
The first phase of research involves the characterization of calcium-dependent signal
transduction in ovarian steroidogenic cells. Specific pharmacological drugs, such as calcium
channel blockers, calcium ionophores and calmodulin inhibitors, will be used in in vitro static
incubation of ovarian tissue to elucidate the role of specific components in calcium signaling
pathways regulating ovarian steroid production. A primary cell culture system will be developed
for Atlantic croaker ovarian steroidogenic cells to directly measure changes in intracellular
calcium concentrations in response to hormone treatments. The second phase of research will
investigate xenobiotic disruption of calcium-dependent signal transduction and subsequent
alteration of ovarian Steroidogenesis. Preliminary experiments will study effects of xenobiotic
chemicals on normal endocrine function by screening a variety of compounds including heavy
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metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Compounds causing significant
alteration in steroid production in the preliminary assays will be selected for continued
experiments to elucidate whether the chemical is altering endocrine function by modifying
calcium-dependent signal transduction. In vitro ovarian tissue incubations will be used to assess
effects of contaminants on ovarian steroidogenesis, and ovarian steroidogenic cells in primary
culture will be used to determine direct effects of xenobiotics on calcium homeostasis.
Expected Results:
Alternative mechanisms of endocrine disruption will be identified and bioassays will be
developed to identify the chemicals acting by these parthways.
Progress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5506/report/2001
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 2001
Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
EPA Grant Number: U915800
Title: Treatment of Arsenic Contaminated Drinking Water
Investigators: Cassia M. Sanchez
Institution: New Mexico State University •"
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: December 1,2000 through December 1,2001
Research Category: Engineering
Description:
The objective of this project is to test the efficiency of akaganeite, an iron oxide, as an ion
adsorption media in removing arsenic (As) in drinking water sources.
Approach:
First, the absorbent material, akaganeite, an iron oxide precipitate, is prepared by incubation of a
ferric chloride solution. The efficiency of the precipitation process is tested using colorimetric
techniques. A batch study then is conducted, using the akaganeite precipitate in suspension, and
given a known concentration of As in solution. The batch studies are conducted in a controlled
environment and the samples are analyzed by a graduate student in the chemistry department
using an atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Unfortunately, the akaganeite is fragile and
cannot withstand the hydraulic forces in a typical filtration environment. A rigid and porous
media is required to fix the material, so it can then be used in filtration devices. Different types
of crystalline structure media, such as zeolites or pumice, are being considered. A bench-scale
column evaluation will be performed to determine the efficiency of As removal and the amount
of iron leaching from the column media.
Expected Results:
In the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), Congress directed the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to issue a proposed rulemaking by January 1,2000, and
take final action on an arsenic rule a year later. This is a very critical time to revise the process to
more fully consider both health benefits and costs of imposing new limits. The maximum
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contaminant level (MCL) for As was 0.050 milligrams per liter, and the EPA is considering
lowering the limit to 10 micrograms per liter. An estimated 50 percent of the communities in
New Mexico would be in violation if the SDWA standard for As is set below 50 micrograms per
liter. This problem extends beyond New Mexico into the surrounding states of Utah, Colorado,
and other southwest areas. The smaller communities would not be able to handle the fines
imposed for not meeting the regulations set by the Act, so an economical solution must be
developed. This research is expected to result in the development of an economical approach for
removing As from drinking water sources to levels at or below the proposed 10 micrograms per
liter level.
Progress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1963/report/2001
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Type: STAR FELLOWSHIP
Status: Ongoing
Reports: 2001
Habitat Requirements and Evolution ofAgrostis rossiae vasey, a Grass Endemic to
Thermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park
EPA Grant Number: U915807
Title: Habitat Requirements and Evolution ofAgrostis rossiae vasey, a Grass Endemic to
Thermal Soils in Yellowstone National Park
Investigators: Michael T. Tercek
Institution: Tulane University of Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Virginia Broadway
Project Period: August 1, 2000 through August 1,2003
Research Category: Fellowship - Ecology and Ecosystems
Description:
The goals of the research project are to: (1) use genetic markers to determine the phylogenetic
relationship between Agrostis rossiae and closely related congeners, thus determining whether A.
scabra and A. rossiae are sister taxa; (2) determine whether A. rossiae is a valid, monophyletic
taxon or an ecotype; (3) explain the geographic distribution of A. rossiae in terms of ecological
variables and determine the reasons for its endemism; and (4) calculate levels of gene flow
between A. rossiae populations and between A. rossiae and co-occurring A. scabra.
Approach:
Measurements of soil temperature, moisture, and chemical composition will be combined with
common garden and greenhouse experiments to determine the ecological factors responsible for
the geographic separation of A. rossiae and A. scabra. RAPDs will be used for the phylogeny
and gene flow calculations.
Expected Results:
Populations of A. rossiae are potentially threatened by invasive plant species. It is important to
know if A. rossiae is a valid taxon, worthy of conservation effort. Documented cases of parallel
evolution are rare, and should it be found that A. rossiae has arisen more than once in different
thermal communities, this study will be interesting from a theoretical standpoint. Determination
of the ecological factors responsible for the restricted distribution of A. rossiae will aid any
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conservation efforts and/or explain the reasons for its divergence from A. scabra.
Progress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5517/report/2001
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Section 3.4
Listings 116 to 155
SBIR Grant Yellow Pages
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Type: SBIR PHASE II
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Phase II Reports Available Yet
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic Refrigerators
EPA Contract Number: 68D99082
Title: High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerants for Domestic Refrigerators
Investigators: Jonathan S. Nimitz
Small Business: Environmental Technology and Education Center Inc.
4500-B Hawkins Street, NE
Albuquerque, NM 87109
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: II .
Project Period: September 1,1999 through September 1,2001
Project Amount: $224,966
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
Two new nonflammable, nontoxic, nonfractionating, environmentally safe, medium-pressure
refrigerant blends with performance superior to chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons,
hydrofluorocarbons, and other alternatives have been discovered. These refrigerants, called
Ikon? A and B, have attractive physical properties, zero ozone depletion potential, low global
warming potential, and low total equivalent warming impact (TEWI). Both appear superior in
safety performance and environmental properties to any other available alternatives. They have
been shown to be thermally stable, have low toxicity, and are compatible with common
materials. They could eliminate the need for the global warming refrigerant R-134a and the
ozone-depleting refrigerant R-12 as well as allow improved energy efficiency that will reduce
the amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants produced. Tests by the EPA, Dole Foods, and
ETEC have shown that Ikon refrigerants have 10 to 30 percent better energy efficiency than
current refrigerants. In Phase I, both refrigerants were dropped directly into a new domestic
refrigerator and tested for performance. Phase I results show that the new refrigerants could save
10 to 15 percent of the energy used by domestic refrigerators and reduce refrigerant TEWI by
about 13 percent.
In Phase II, a domestic refrigerator will be optimized to provide maximum performance and third
party performance. Extended operation performance and compatibility testing also will be
accomplished to prepare the product(s) for commercialization.
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The anticipated result is a superior refrigerant product for commercialization in the domestic and
small commercial refrigerator and freezer market. In the United States in 1990, 112.6 million
refrigerators and 32.4 million freezers were in residential use, representing a total energy
consumption of 188.6 billion kWh or 640 trillion Btu. The result of this effort will be a new
refrigerant that will give at least 10 percent better energy efficiency than R134a. In a typical new
domestic refrigerator, it is estimated that the new refrigerant will save approximately $4.15 per
year versus its estimated extra cost of $5.60 for a payback period of 1.4 years. Approximately
8.5 million new refrigerators and freezers are sold in the United States annually. Because the
average refrigerator or freezer contains about 0.1 kg of refrigerant, and average leak rate
(including repairs and life end) is about 2 percent, the OEM market represents about 1.5 million
kg/year. The new refrigerant also is expected to be attractive in other high specific energy use
cooling and refrigerant applications. World markets are perhaps twice the U.S. market.
Progress and Final Reports:
1998 Phase I Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cftn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1630/report/1998
Final Phase I Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1630/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE II
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum
Alloys
EPA Contract Number: 68D00203
Title: New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum
Alloys
Investigators: Zoran Minevski
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: II
Project Period: September 1,2000 through September 1,2002
Project Amount: $225,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
For 50 years, the chromium conversion process has been unsurpassed as a method for protecting
aluminum from corrosion. The method is used extensively to protect aluminum parts for the
aerospace, automobile, construction, and consumer products industries. More than 25,000 tons of
chromium are used in metal finishing annually. There is an urgent need to replace the chromium
conversion process because chromium is a potent human carcinogen. Concern exists not only
about workplace exposure at high levels, but also about environmental exposure at much lower
levels. Producers now risk high liability claims and have the burden of high waste disposal costs.
Recent government and industry reports have concluded that no existing coatings can adequately
replace the chromium conversion process.
During Phase I, a fundamentally new chromium-free inorganic conversion coating for aluminum
was developed. Test results using industry and military test protocols have shown that the
coating meets rigorous corrosion protection and paintability standards. The coating does not
contain hazardous chemicals, and it is effective on several aluminum alloys (Al 2021 and Al
6061). In addition, it has the potential to undergo self-repair when the aluminum surface is
scratched or damaged. This Phase II project is a collaborative effort, between Lynntech and
leading companies in the metal finishing industry, to develop this coating to a point where it is
suitable for use by industry.
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Many current users of the chromium conversion process (e.g., General Motors, Eastman Kodak,
Texas Instruments, Raytheon, and United Technologies) are actively seeking ways to reduce or
eliminate the use of chromium in metal finishing. Lynntech, Inc.'s proposed coating has high
commercial potential because it meets many of the customer-defined specifications for
chromate-free conversion coatings and includes provisions for the private sector to fund
substantial amounts of the development costs.
Summary/ Accomplishments:
Phase II tests demonstrated an exceptional corrosion resistance of the new coating prepared from
formulations consisting of heteropolymolybdates and several important additives. Some coatings
outperformed the chromate-based conversion coatings in electrochemical corrosion resistance
tests and passed a standard 14-day salt fog test. The key to this technology is
heteropolymolybdates, in which the primary effect of the hetero atom (Mn, V, Ce, Si) is an
effective transformation of Mo (III) and Mo (IV) to stable Mo (V) and Mo (VI), thereby
enhancing the formulation of conversion coatings on aluminum alloys.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1375/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE II
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Phase II Reports Available Yet
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a Commodity Chemical
EPA Contract Number: 68D01056
Title: A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste into a Commodity Chemical
Investigators: Adrian J. Denvir
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: II
Project Period: September 1,2001 through September 1,2003
Project Amount: $225,000
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
It is estimated that there are approximately 300 million tires discarded each year in the United
States and this is in addition to the 800 million scrap tires that reside in landfills and tire dumps
throughout the country. About 180 million are recycled, and the remaining 120 million scrap
tires are discarded (legally or illegally) in landfills or tire dumps. Current tire reuse technologies
offer a considerable opportunity to generate valuable materials from what is essentially worthless
scrap. There are significant market barriers preventing these technologies from reaching their
economic potential.
Considering all of the potential markets for crumb rubber as a polymer filler, the one with the
greatest potential is the production of rubber pavements. However, inconsistencies in the quality
of the final pavement have resulted in a decrease in popularity. During the Phase I effort,
Lynntech successfully demonstrated a low-temperature process to generate surface modified
crumb rubber. Addition of the chemically activated crumb rubber was shown to solve many of
the problems associated with rubber pavement production. This new asphalt has improved
settling characteristics, resistance to fatigue, and resistance to thermal cracking. The asphalt also
had better high-temperature viscosity and the curing time was reduced by half compared to
traditional crumb rubber blends. During the Phase II effort, Lynntech will expand on the scope
of Phase I by building and testing a field deployable crumb rubber treatment system and, for
proof of concept, Lynntech will use the treated crumb rubber to lay a test section of highway.
The potential for success is high. Lynntech will be working with the Center for Asphalt and
Materials Chemistry at Texas A&M University. The Center is recognized world wide for its
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advances in asphalt chemistry and has developed several formulations that have been used on
several sections of highway in Texas.
The commercial potential for this technology is enormous. Foresight Science and Technology
performed an independent economic evaluation on the use of ozone-treated crumb rubber for
pavement construction. The domestic market alone was estimated at $15 million for the first year
of operation, increasing to $120 million after 5 years. During the course of the evaluation,
Lynntech and Foresight have identified several other lucrative markets including automotive
rubber products (tire retreads, hoses, belts, etc.), protective matting, and soil amendments.
Lynntech has already identified several potential commercial partners who have invested
resources into commercialization of this technology.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Phase I Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1380/report/2000
Final Phase I Report
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1380/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE II
Status: Completed
Reports: 2000, Final
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
EPA Contract Number: 68DO1064
Title: A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
Investigators: Dalibor Hodko
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: II
Project Period: September 1,2001 through September 1,2003
Project Amount: $225,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
Cryptosporidium, originating from contamination of public drinking water supplies, ponds,
rivers, or swimming pools, have cause large-scale and deadly outbreaks, which became a major
cause of waterborne infectious diseases. Since 1991, the percent of outbreaks attributable to
Cryptosporidium has doubled, and in the 1993-1994 period, 17 percent of all outbreaks were
caused by Cryptosporidium. In 1996,42 states reported 2,426 cases to the Centers for Disease
Control. Such outbreaks prompted EPA to establish new regulations for monitoring raw and
finished water systems. For instance, EPA's Information Collection Rule and Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule require that all large public water systems routinely conduct
microbiological monitoring of raw and finished waters. Smaller utilities are likely to face
compliance deadlines before 2004. Even though EPA's current recommended detection limit is
10 oocysts/L, the Agency likely will impose stricter requirements in the future. The currently
available method for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts, Method 1622, is very laborious,
yields poor oocysts recovery, cannot be performed in the field, and needs highly trained
professionals to accurately perform the analysis. This fluorescent microscopy-based method is
strongly affected by nonspecific fluorescence by other organisms and chlorine compounds
present in the sample. The proposed new method is based on two innovations, one which utilizes
(di)electrophoretic separation, concentration, and focusing of Cryptosporidium oocysts in a
microfluidic sensor, and the other using on-chip polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and
electrochemical detection of DNA amplicons.
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The Phase I results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of electrical separation of
Cryptosporidium oocysts as well as an enhanced and highly sensitive method for electrochemical
detection of Cryptosporidium DNA amplicons. The results indicated that the full system
development would provide competitive detection limits for in-field testing of oocysts and cysts.
The Phase II project will further optimize the design parameters for separation and detection
systems. A prototype microfluidic analyzer with on-chip PCR detection will be designed, built,
and thoroughly tested. It is planned to perform an interlaboratory comparison of results obtained
using the proposed method and the current EPA Method 1622/1623.
Because of the simplicity of the design of new PCR primers and selective recognition of
characteristic DNA templates, the proposed microfluidic analyzer will find a large number of
applications in detection of other microorganisms in the field or on production lines, e.g., in
food, chemical, environmental, or biotechnological industries. The same principles could be used
for detection of cells in biological fiuids;"thus, the analyzer offers numerous biomedical and
pharmaceutical applications.
Progress and Final Reports:
2000 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1385/report/2000
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfin/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1385/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Recycling of Polypropylene Carpet Waste into Polyester Carpet Backcoating
EPA Contract Number: 68D10058
Title: Recycling of Polypropylene Carpet Waste into Polyester Carpet Backcoating
Investigators: Albert G. Hoyle
Small Business: Hoyle Associates
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1991 through March 1,1992
Project Amount: $49,600
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
In the manufacture of cross-lapped, needlepunched, polypropylene, pile-surfaced carpeting, there
is unavoid- able edge trim waste due to the inherent nature of the cross- lapping and
needlepunching processes. This waste in its present form is useless to anyone and is presently
being disposed of by dumping into a landfill site by a disposal company. Typical small
businesses have to pay to have this waste removed and lose monthly at least $12,500 in fiber and
backcoating as a result of this waste disposal. The disposal material decreases available landfill
capacity by about 10,000 pounds per month (the amount of waste generated). In this project,
Hoyle Associates propose to find the means to convert this waste into granular or fibrillar
material which could be used as a heat-reactive backcoating binder for polyester needlepunched
carpeting also manufac- tured by a typical small business in this market.
The waste carpeting, when converted into granular or fibrillar form, could be utilized in
backcoating as follows:
(1) applying it to the back of polyester carpeting, heating to
melt the polypropylene, then smoothing and resolidify1 the
molten material as it leaves the heat source, and
(2) melting it and applying to the back of polyester carpeting
while in a molten state.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Multi-Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants from Industrial Gas
EPA Contract Number: 68D10062
Title: Multi-Vortex System for Recovering Volatile Organic Contaminants from Industrial Gas
Investigators: Meredith C. Gourdine
Small Business: Energy Innovations Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1991 through March 1,1992
Project Amount: $49,500
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
More cost effective systems are needed for recovering volatile organic contaminants (VoCs)
from industrial ex- haust gas. The proposed approach is to cool the gas well below the dew point
of the VOCS. Normally, ice and dirt form on the condensing surface, reducing the heat transfer
rate, requiring shut-down and preventive maintenance. Energy Innovation, Inc.'s, innovation will
eliminate these requirements. Mathematical models will be generated and experiments conducted
for verification of the proposed theory.
The object of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of building a reliable, compact VOC
recovery system with a substantial reduction of energy requirements.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
EPA Contract Number: 68D30124
Title: Improved Method for Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
Investigators: Oliver J. Murphy
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I -
Project Period: September 1, 1993 through March 1, 1994
Project Amount: $50,000
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
The three-way catalytic converter is the most important device making today's automobiles
comply with existing emission laws. The first two or three miles in a typical 22-minute, 12-mile
commute in today's vehicles result in the emission of half of the total non- methane
hydrocarbons, which result in the production of urban smog, as well as half of the toxic CO
emissions. This occurs because the catalyst in the converter will operate ineffectively until it
reaches its optimal operating temperature.
To meet new California and Federal standards specified for transitional low emission vehicles,
low emission vehicles, and ultra-low emission vehicles, new technologies are presently being
developed to lower the warm-up time for catalytic converters. This is required to bring about
significant reductions in emissions of HC's primarily and CO and to a lesser extent in NOx.
Technologies involving "passive" and "active" methods for rapidly bringing catalytic converters
to useful operating temperatures (2507C under cold-start conditions (nominally -10?C to 25?C)
are currently being investigated. However, all of these technologies, including "close-coupled"
catalytic converters, on-board heat storage systems, Exhaust Gas Ignition approach and
electrically heated converters suffer from various disadvantages and drawbacks.
In this proposal, a new chemical method of rapidly heating catalytic converters is proposed that
addresses the weaknesses of the alternative technologies. Basically the new method involves
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using an on-board hydrogen bleed into the exhaust system upstream of the catalytic converter
which will instantly allow the catalyst to reach its light-off temperature.
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Type: SBIR PHASE II
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
EPA Contract Number: 68D40065
Title: Improved Method of Heating Catalytic Converters of Vehicles to Attain Ultra-Low
Emissions
Investigators: Oliver J. Murphy
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: II -
Project Period: September 1,1994 through June 1, 1996
Project Amount: $165,000
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
The present generation of gasoline- and methanol-fueled vehicles tested according to the EPA's
Federal Test Procedure emit 70-80% of exhaust emissions during the first minute or two
following "cold-start". This is primarily due to the ineffectiveness of existing catalytic converters
to oxidize hydrocarbons (HC's) and carbon monoxide(CO) until they have reached catalyst
light-off temperatures (-350 degrees C). Thus, rapidly increasing the temperature of a catalytic
converter under vehicle "cold-start" conditions is of paramount importance in reducing HC and
CO emissions to meet new California and Federal emission standards.
In a Phase I SBIR project, Lynntech, Inc., demonstrated the feasibility of a new and innovative
chemically heated catalyst (CHC) approach to heat a catalytic converter prior to a "cold-start".
The approach is based on the spontaneous, low-temperature, flameless, catalytic combustion of
hydrogen in the presence of air over highly dispersed novel metal catalysts. The exothermic
hydrogen-oxygen recombination reaction generates heat locally, right at the noble metal catalyst
particles where it is needed.
The overall objective of this Phase II project is to determine the effectiveness of the novel CHC
approach for reducing emissions under "cold-start" conditions using a real vehicle. The Phase II
development work will be directed toward:
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1. design and fabrication of a low-cost CHC breadboard unit;
2. installing the breadboard unit in an actual vehicle and evaluating its performance under
"cold-start" conditions; and
3. determining emission levels (non-methane hydrocarbons, NMHC's, together with CO
and NOx) on testing the CHC breadboard unit according to the EPA's Federal Test
Procedure.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for Nitrogen Oxides
EPA Contract Number: 68D50068
Title: A Near-Infrared Diode Laser-Based Continuous Emissions Monitor for Nitrogen Oxides
Investigators: Alan C. Stanton
Small Business: Southwest Sciences Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1995 through March 1,1996
Project Amount: $65,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
This project addresses the development of diode-laser-based continuous-emissions monitors
(CEMs) to meet the emissions monitoring requirements imposed on a wide range of industries
by Federal and state clean air regulations. The overriding objective is the development of new,
highly reliably instrumentation that has substantially lower long term operating and maintenance
costs than existing instruments used in CEM applications. The instrument approach to be
developed and tested in Phase I and Phase II will be readily extended to measurement of
additional gases, such as carbon monoxide and methane. Detection limits for all gases will be 1
part per million or better in a measurement period of less than 30 seconds.
The Phase I/Phase II program will culminate in field testing of a prototype CEM. Key technical
issues to be resolved during the program include:
1.optimizing sensitivity for detection of NO using a near-infrared diode laser,
2.deciding the feasibility of using a single diode laser to detect both NO2 and O2, and
3.verifying the effectiveness of their proposed low-cost, fully automated,
self-calibration method.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
EPA Contract Number: 68D50100
Title: Dual Purpose Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
Investigators: Charles Tennakoon
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through March 1, 1996
Project Amount: $65,000
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
Industrial wastewater containing toxic waste compound and metal ions pose many problems of
disposal. The most generally used method of removing metal contaminants is lime treatment to
precipitate metals as hydroxides. The metal is not normally recovered resulting in the need for
sludge disposal. The cost of sludge disposal plus fewer available disposal sites makes that
method increasing less attractive. Alternative methods of metal ion removal (e.g. ion exchange
and reverse osmosis) have several drawbacks including high equipment costs. Oxidation of
organic compounds in wastewater and simultaneous electrowinning of metals as described in this
proposal are of great economic and environmental significance.
This proposal describes research to demonstrate the feasibility of using a three dimensional
packed bed electrode as the anode for the oxidation of organic compounds and another packed
bed electrode as the cathode for metal ion deposition. The two packed beds are separated from
each other by a porous separator and operated as the anode and cathode of a single
electrochemical reactor. The proposed method utilizes electrocatalytic conducting particles as
the anode bed material for oxidation of organics primarily to carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The
metal deposited on the particles forming the cathode bed can be dissolved anodically to form a
concentrated solution of metal ions which can then be used for further processing to recover
metals.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
EPA Contract Number: 68D50120
Title: Electronics Industry Waste Stream Reduction
Investigators: Craig C. Andrews
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1995 through March 1,1996
Project Amount: $65,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
No one questions the philosophy that it is better to avoid industrial pollution rather than to
attempt the clean up of an environmentally abused site. Unfortunately, we are slow to leam this
lesson and hazardous wastes become more exotic and continue to increase. Causing 21 of the 28
EPA superfund sites in the Silicon Valley (Witkowski and Menon 1991), the semiconductor
industry was, and continues to be, a major produce of hazardous waste.
In the fabrication of chrome-plated masks, several chemicals and a significant fraction of the
chromium are washed down the drain. Lynntech, Inc. proposes the application of a conducting
polymer as a replacement for the resist and mask, eliminating many of the chrome-plate
preparation steps and wastes. In contracts to traditional lithography (where the molecular weight
of the resist is altered during exposure), substrates are spin-coated with a monomer and the
desired pattern is exposed. The exposed regions polymerize, permanently adhering to the plate
and replacing the chrome. The unexposed monomer may be rinsed away with water and is easily
removed from the waste stream. The polymer itself is environmental friendly, and the
simplification of mask preparation lowers the number and amount of hazardous chemicals which
are presently necessary.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
EPA Contract Number: 68D60025
Title: Self Contained Electrochemical System for Treating Paint Residue
Investigators: Charles Tennakoon
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1996 through March 1,1997
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
Disposal of paint residue from aircraft depainting operations poses a problem as the polymeric
paint contains toxic metal impurities. The metals (particularly chromate) cause the entire spent
media and paint residue to be classified as a hazardous waste.
The innovative approach described in the proposal deals with: 1) leaching of toxic metals into an
aqueous phase by acid digestion; 2) combined removal of toxic metals by precipitation using an
electrochemical step; and 3) electrodeposition from a mixed metal solution to form a chromium
containing alloy. It is anticipated that acid digestion would detoxify the polymeric waste for
disposal in a landfill. The process is novel because it both extracts the metallic impurities from
the paint residue and then recovers the metals in the form of an alloy.
In Phase I, bench-scale proof of concept studies will be carried out to demonstrate the principles
of the innovation. This will provide the technical foundation to develop a lab-scale reactor to
conduct parametric studies to obtain necessary data for scaling up the process, and validate the
bench-scale results.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production Using Carbon Aerogel
Technology
EPA Contract Number: 68D60031
Title: Treatment of Produced Water from Coal-Bed Methane Production Using Carbon Aerogel
Technology
Investigators: Charles C. Patton
Small Business: BPF Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1996 through March 1,1997
Project Amount: $69,854
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
Coal-bed methane (CBM) is an increasingly important source of natural gas. Current production
levels within the U.S. exceed 970 bcf7year. Disposal of produced water from CBM production
can be expected to be a continuing problem for the foreseeable future. However, the high cost of
water disposal and lack of efficient technology for treatment are barriers to expanded
development of CBM reserves. Many of the areas where CBM is produced are arid or semi-arid
and can benefit from creation of additional water supplies. If the water from CBM can be
economically and efficiently treated to make it acceptable for surface discharge, it becomes a
resource instead of a waste. Benefits can be achieved through both agricultural uses and
domestic uses depending on the quality of the treated water which can be achieved. Treatment
for surface discharge currently requires the application of reverse osmosis (RO) technology. This
proposal will demonstrate the effectiveness of capacitive deionization (GDI) technology for the
treatment of CBM produced water. This technology should prove to be more reliable and cost
effective than RO. In addition, GDI uses approximately 1/10 of the energy of RO and has a
significantly smaller secondary waste stream than RO in this application.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
EPA Contract Number: 68D60044
Title: High Efficiency Biofilter for Styrene Removal from Indoor Air
Investigators: C. V. Wikstrom,
Small Business: Bioengineering Resources Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1996 through March 1,1997
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
Fiberglass boat manufacturing operations in the United States produce large amounts of volatile
organic carbon (VOC) emissions, especially styrene and acetone. It is estimated that 2 to 140
tons of styrene are formed per plant per year and a total of 20,150 tons are emitted each year in
the United States.
It is proposed to utilize the ability of microorganisms to completely mineralize both acetone and
styrene from air in fiberglass boat manufacturing facilities. A mixed culture will be developed
for this purpose. A biofilter will then be constructed for the removal of these volatile and toxic
substances. This filter should be highly efficient for the removal of VOC in air and would be
inexpensive to operate.
Finally, a preliminary process development study will be undertaken to identify parameters and
design constraints necessary for a Phase II demonstration, and to attract industrial collaborators.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
EPA Contract Number: 68D70025
Title: Low Cost Heavy Metals Removal from Hazardous Wastewaters
Investigators: Milan Bartos
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I -
Project Period: September 1, 1997 through March 1, 1998
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
Heavy metal species mobilized and released into the environment by technological activities
tend to persist indefinitely, circulating and eventually accumulating throughout the food chain,
posing a serious threat to the environment, animals, and humans.
Typical industrial metal-containing discharges can be considered as point-source emissions,
which in turn offer the possibility of feasible remedial actions. The existing technologies for
heavy metals removal, however, do not always offer the best possible scenario when the process
efficiency, recycling capabilities, cost, and increasingly stringent regulations and disposal limits
are critically considered.
The new concept of removing heavy metals from hazardous waste streams, presented in this
Phase I proposal, offers a low-cost, environmentally benign, highly efficient process based on
natural waste materials available at an extremely low price. Preliminary results clearly
demonstrated the feasibility and a high potential of the new technology to efficiently remove and
recycle typical heavy metal contaminants from industrial wastewaters.
The objective of the proposed research is to identify the key features and optimize specific
process parameters to achieve the maximum removal efficiency. The anticipated results will
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provide a sound base for further development and upscaling of the new technology in the
follow-on stages.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
EPA Contract Number: 68D70040
Title: Silica Materials for Mercury Recovery From Wastewater
Investigators: Franklin O. Kroh
Small Business: TPL Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1997 through March 1,1998
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
A number of industrial processes generate wastewater with mercury contamination. Existing
cleanup processes have difficulties in achieving low mercury discharge limits, especially in the
presence of competing metal ions already below their discharge limits. Commercial ion
exchange media are not selective for mercury, so other metal ions compete with mercury for
binding sites. Consequently, excessive amounts of ion exchanger are required.
This Phase I project will develop two series of highly selective silica materials for removing
mercury from contaminated wastewater. Relative to the low selectivity of state-of-the-art
materials, up to four orders of magnitude less material will be required to achieve mercury
discharge limits. In Phase I, the silica materials will be synthesized. Each will be evaluated for
mercury capacity, selectivity relative to competing ions, ease of regeneration and reclamation of
metal, and cost of production.
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If successful, the silica materials will be useful for the purification of wastewater generated in
chloralkali manufacture, metal plating, battery recycling, and dentistry.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and Long-Term
Monitoring of Pollutants
EPA Contract Number: 68D70042
Title: Novel Field Deployable Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and Long-Term
Monitoring of Pollutants
Investigators: Adrian J. Denvir
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1997 through March 1,1998
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
Chlorinated hydrocarbons represent the most prevalent contaminants of groundwater in the
country. When released in the subsurface, they tend to persist below the water table, and it can
take decades or centuries before slow-moving groundwater completely dissolves accumulations
of chlorinated solvent product. Analytical methods currently available for monitoring these
compounds require extensive sample handling and time-consuming laboratory analysis. There is
an ever increasing need for the development of reliable and sensitive in situ methods for the
long-term monitoring of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. This Phase I project will develop
an onsite remotely operated pollution monitor for chlorinated solvents. The method is based on a
unique combination of electrochemical reactions configured to minimize interferences from
other components in the test solutions, but maximize sensitivity to the target pollutants. The
system will be designed to operate within the Berlioz currently used to locate and characterize
contaminants in soil and groundwater. In Phase I, the feasibility of the sensor design will be
demonstrated by carrying out bench-scale exploratory development.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous Recovery of Toxic
Metals
EPA Contract Number: 68D98114
Title: Electrochemical Treatment of Textile Effluents with Simultaneous Recovery of Toxic
Metals
Investigators: Charles Tennakoon
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1998 through March 1, 1999
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
The large quantity of aqueous waste generated by the textile industry is a significant
environmental problem. Dye effluents contain chemicals that are toxic to fish and mammalian
species. There is currently no single economically feasible method of treating textile effluents.
Conventional biological processes have not proven to be particularly effective. Similarly, for
disperse dyes, carbon adsorption and ozonation result in poor color removal. Chemical
coagulation and reverse osmosis result in a large proportion of color removal, but the former
produces large amounts of toxic sludge while the latter involves high capital costs. The novel
concept in this Phase I project deals with treating textile wastewaters by an electrochemical
approach where oxidation of organic waste is achieved together with the recovery of toxic metals
(chromium and copper) found in textile dyes. High molecular weight dyes are decomposed into
low molecular weight compounds, which are amenable to biodegradation. Preliminary results
have clearly demonstrated the feasibility and the high potential of the new technology to
efficiently decompose textile dyes and recover toxic metals resulting from dye decomposition.
The objective of this SBIR project is to identify the key features and optimize specific process
parameters to achieve maximum process efficiency.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Currently, the textile dyeing industry is under considerable pressure to reduce the color of
process waters directly discharged to municipal water treatment facilities. While the color issue
has received considerable attention, more recently heavy metals (copper and chromium in
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particular) found in some dyes, and the toxiciry of organics formed by the degradation of dyes
and dye auxiliaries are being considered within the framework of pretreatment regulations.
Furthermore, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is attempting to reduce the hazards
associated with waste sludges disposed of in landfill sites through the requirements of the
Toxicity Characteristics Leachate Procedure (TCLP). Metals such as chromium and selected
organics, including some acknowledged dye breakdown products, e.g., aromatic amines, are the
focus of concern. Additionally, under federal mandate, states are establishing stream water
quality standards which will tighten National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permits.
In this Phase I effort, two approaches were investigated to treat textile effluents. The
electrochemical treatment by anodic oxidation using anodes with catalytic coatings effectively
oxidized the dye wastes. However, three industrial effluents tested generated chlorine gas during
anodic oxidation making the process, limited in it?s applicability due to the possibility of
forming chlorinated byproducts. Cathodic treatment using electrochemically assisted Fenton's
reagent also effectively oxidized the dye solutions. However, this method required initial pH
adjustment to between 2 and 4, before the electrochemical step, making the process unattractive.
The other method tested using ion-exchanged zeolites together with hydrogen peroxide, was a
very attractive process. Several synthetic zeolites and a natural zeolite were ion-exchanged with
different cations, e.g., Fe(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II) and Ni(II). Out of the synthetic
zeolites, Fe(II) exchanged ZSM-5 was superior. Clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, ion-exchanged
with Fe(II) was found to be even more effective than Fe(II)-exchanged ZSM-5. Since the
catalytic Fe(II) sites are bound to the zeolite structure, no sludges are formed and the cations
released to the solution during organometallic dye degradation were found to absorbed by the
zeolites. Thus, toxic metals like copper or cobalt released during dye degradation can be easily
recovered using this process. Similarly, the process is amenable to scale-up as packed columns
of Fe(II)-exchanged zeolites can be used for waste oxidation. Similarly, the toxic metals
ion-exchanged onto zeolites can be easily leached out using dilute acids. In addition, it was also
found that spent zeolite columns loaded with organic dyes can be regenerated by using 30%
hydrogen peroxide solutions. This allows the effective regeneration of the columns.
The hydrogen peroxide decays to oxygen and water, so the entire system is environmentally
friendly. Zeolites are non-toxic aluminosilicates and pose no disposal problems. Natural zeolites
and the chemicals required (hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate) are inexpensive making the
process economical. All these advantages makes this advanced non-photoassisted catalytic
oxidation process using Fe(II)-exchanged natural zeolites, a very attractive process for a variety
of applications in environmental remediation. The feasibility of this process has been amply
demonstrated to recommend further studies under a possible follow-on Phase II project.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1194/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum
Alloys
EPA Contract Number: 68D98127
Title: New Environmentally Benign Heteropolymolybdate Conversion Coatings for Aluminum
Alloys
Investigators: Zoran Minevski
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1998 through March 1,1999
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
Chemical conversion coatings to provide corrosion resistance to aluminum and aluminum alloys
are based on the use of chromates. Because environmental regulations and standards for
numerous materials and products throughout the industrial market are becoming more focused
on environmental and human impact issues, chromate use has become a regulation target.
Chromate is both toxic and carcinogenic under certain conditions; thus, its future, on an industry
basis, is becoming more strictly regulated.
Lynntech, Inc., has successfully completed preliminary tests on a new
heteropolymolybdate-based conversion coating which has two highly important commercial
potential features: (a) initial tests have shown corrosion resistance features equal to that of
chromate, and (b) heteropolymolybdate formulations are environmentally benign and have a low
potential for toxic impact. The key to this project is the use of heteropolymolybdates, where the
primary effect of the hetero atom (Mn, V, Ce, Si) is an effective transformation of Mo(III) and
Mo(IV) to stable Mo(V) and Mo(VI); therefore, enhancing the formation of conversion coatings
on aluminum alloys. The results of the Phase I research project will provide corrosion protective
conversion coating formulations for a range of aluminum alloys. Those coatings will be
inexpensive and environmentally beneficial.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1709/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
EPA Contract Number: 68D98133
Title: Compact, Continuous Monitoring for Volatile Organic Compounds
Investigators: David Christian Hovde
Small Business: Southwest Sciences Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1998 through March 1,1999
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
Improved methods for onsite measurement of multiple volatile organic compounds are needed
for process control, monitoring, and remediation. This Phase I SBIR project sets forth an optical
measurement method that meets these needs. The proposed approach provides an instantaneous
measure of individual compounds with extremely low cross- sensitivity and minimal matrix
effects. This high degree of selectivity is especially important in monitoring industrial processes
that involve hazardous air pollutants such as benzene. The approach combines a rugged light
source and inexpensive, high- performance digital electronics to achieve a compact,
cost-effective instrument. Fiber optic compatibility results in flexible instrument location and
permits multiplexing among several nearby measurement sites.
Summary/Accomplishments:
This Phase I investigation explored spectroscopic methods for measuring trace concentrations of
specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The goal of the research was to demonstrate an
accurate method for measuring gaseous VOC concentrations in industrial settings using the same
diode laser based technology which has been successfully applied to the detection of simpler
molecules. The research program sought to determine the typical spectral features of VOCs,
learn how to exploit these features to permit measurement of the concentration of particular
VOCs, and devise data processing methods to maximize the information extracted from a
spectrum. Specific tasks of the investigation included
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1. Fundamental spectroscopy of selected VOCs using the high resolution Fourier transform
instrument at the Ohio State University,
2. Near infrared diode laser spectroscopy of a model compound,
3. Digital processing of the laser spectra to extract estimates of the concentration of VOCs
present.
These tasks were all successfully completed. The fundamental spectroscopy task obtained
spectra at high resolution over the wavelength range from 3,000 to 7,900 cm-1. This permitted
the strength and shape of the spectroscopic features to be evaluated. Every compound has a
region of relatively strong absorption.
A rapid laser-based technique for measuring VOC concentration was demonstrated. Based on
wavelength modulation, the technique was easily implemented using commercial off the shelf
electronics. This technique was shown to have a sensitivity for the model compound of at least
12 parts per million and likely much better. Improvements to achieve still lower detection limits
are outlined. The magnitude of the signal was accurately predicted from the Fourier transform
spectrum. This gives confidence that the other compounds can be measured with their expected
sensitivities.
An algorithm was invented which deals with the most common source of error in diode laser
measurements within the framework of least squares theory. As proof of the effectiveness of the
new algorithm, the stability of a laser measurement was shown to increase, resulting in longer
useful signal averaging times and at least 10% lower noise levels.
This VOC research has broad applications in industrial measurements of VOCs as toxic gases at
chemical plants, as pollutants from smokestacks, and in process gas control applications. The
novel data processing algorithm has applications to small molecule detection as well.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfh]/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1269/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: 1999, Final
High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators
EPA Contract Number: 68D98147
Title: High-Performance, Low-Global-Warming Refrigerant for Domestic Refrigerators
Investigators: Jonathan S. Nimitz
Small Business: Environmental Technology and Education Center Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1998 through March 1, 1999
Project Amount: $69,898
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
Two new nonflammable, nontoxic, nonfractionating, environmentally safe, medium- pressure
refrigerant blends with performance superior to CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, and other alternatives
have been discovered. These refrigerants, called Ikon A and B, have attractive physical
properties, zero ozone depleting potential, and very low global warming potential and total
equivalent warming impacts (TEWI). Both appear superior in performance and environmental
properties to any other alternatives available. They have been shown to have high thermal
stability, low toxicity, and good compatibility with commercial materials. They could eliminate
the need for the global warming refrigerant R-134a and the ozone-depleting refrigerant R-12 and
allow improved energy efficiency, which will reduce fuel consumption and the amounts of CO2
produced. Although they appear suitable to replace R-134a and R-12 in domestic refrigerators,
Ikon A and B have not yet been tested for this use. Tests by the EPA, Dole Foods, and
Environmental Technology and Education Center (ETEC) have shown that Ikon refrigerants
have 10-30% better energy efficiency than current refrigerants. In Phase I the technology will be
reviewed, a refrigerator will be instrumented, baseline performance data with R-134a and R-12
will be collected, performance data with Ikon refrigerants will be obtained, and TEWIs will be
calculated.
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Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1629/report/1999
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1629/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Recycling Process for Poultry Litter
EPA Contract Number: 68D99017
Title: Recycling Process for Poultry Litter
Investigators: Ronald E. Allred
Small Business: Adherent Technologies Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1999 through March 1, 2000
Project Amount: $69,988
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
A low-temperature, catalytic tertiary conversion process for recycling organic materials is
proposed for application to turkey litter and other animal waste. This platform technology
delivers rapid capture of valuable nutrient resources in a closed, nonpolluting system and can
maintain the physical properties of materials treated or reduce them into a fine, dense ash.
Current environmental problems associated with disposal of poultry and swine wastes provide
excellent opportunities for use of this recycling technology to minimize the volume of litter,
manure, and mortalities requiring disposal; sterilize litter material for reuse in multiple rotations;
and reclaim valuable nutrient and mineral resources using a safe, closed system.
Recycling reactors based on this technology are easily adapted for permanent on-farm
installation as well as truck-mounted portable units. This technology should provide
economically viable treatment options for poultry and swine waste streams even before the
values of reclaimed resources are considered. Successful deployment of this technology to
poultry and livestock producers will result in increased food and worker safety, reduced risk of
environmental contamination, enhanced producer profit margins, and increased rural property
values. Related technologies are being commercialized for recycling scrap plastics and
electronic, aircraft, and automotive parts.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1329/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fired Power Plants
EPA Contract Number: 68D99055
Title: The Reduction of Mercury and Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fired Power Plants
Investigators: Paul Sylvester
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1999 through March 1,2000
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
The EPA has concluded that there is a plausible link between anthropogenic mercury emissions
and mercury accumulations in fish. Hence, regulations are being enacted to reduce the levels of
mercury emitted to the environment. Coal-fired utility boilers are the largest single source of
anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States, and no current technologies have been
shown to be cost-effective in reducing the amount of mercury released into the environment.
New clay-based materials have been devised to remove mercury from the gas phase. Advantages
of these materials include low toxicity, high mercury capacity, low cost, compatibility with
current systems, immobilization of the absorbed mercury, and the ability to remove mercury
regardless of speciation.
Phase I will evaluate the synthesis, kinetics of mercury absorption, and the capacity of these
materials and will study the absorption of sulfur dioxide. Pilot plant testing using a coal
combustor will be performed in later phases of the project. Also, it will be determined whether
the materials should be used as a final stage filter or injected into the flue gas as a dry powder.
The primary use will be for the removal of mercury from coal-fired utility plant and municipal
waste incinerator emissions to reduce emission levels to meet new and future EPA regulations.
This is expected to cause a major reduction of anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United
States and worldwide. Capital costs are predicted to be minimal, and when used in conjunction
with a wet flue gas desulfurization system, mercury discharges are expected to be reduced by 90
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percent or more. These materials also could be used as mercury traps to allow the
preconcentration of environmental samples to allow accurate determinations of ultralow levels of
mercury.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Portable Methane Flux Meter
EPA Contract Number: 68D99069
Title: Portable Methane Flux Meter
Investigators: David Christian Hovde
Small Business: Southwest Sciences Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,1999 through March 1,2000
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Air
Description:
This Phase I project will investigate achieving a low power, portable system for measuring
methane concentrations and fluxes. The system will combine diode laser-based trace gas
concentration measurements with rapid wind speed measurements to determine fluxes using
eddy correlation. By employing advanced diode laser modulation methods with signal
processing electronics developed for the communications industry, a low-cost, lightweight
system can be developed. Such a system can be deployed in remote locations and operated for
extended periods using electricity generated by wind, solar panels, or traditional gasoline
generators.
The result of the research will be a demonstration of a novel modulation and signal recovery
method and an estimate of the cost, weight, and electrical consumption of a system based on this
technology. In Phase II, extensive field measurements will be performed.
The proposed research has applications in trace gas measurement instrumentation for the
atmospheric research community, portable leak detectors for the natural gas pipeline system, and
the detection of toxic or hazardous gases at chemical plants and refineries.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1288/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
EPA Contract Number: 68D00030
Title: Novel Cleanup of Metal Working Wastewaters
Investigators: Scott R. Taylor
Small Business: S.R. Taylor and Associates
516SWKaw
Bartlesville, OK 74003
(918) 337-0264
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: August 1,1990 through February 1, 1991
Project Amount: $49,550
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
Current metal cutting and finishing operations use skim- ming and filtration to try to separate
wastes from their water based cutting fluids. The residual liquid from the filtration consists of
ultrafine metal particles containing hazardous heavy metals like lead, zinc, and cadmium and a
tightly emulsified oil-in-water phase. This sludge is not amenable to further treatment and must
be hauled off as hazardous waste. Also, at this level of cleaning, the water phase is not clean
enough to discharge and must be controlled within the plant. Furthermore, this liquid does not
have the same properties as freshly prepared solutions. Hence, the cost of this problem to
industry is much more than the apparent disposal cost.
Ultrasonic coalescence can promote rapid agglomeration of particulate in a fluid. Once the
particles are agglomerated, they can be efficiently separated by centrifugal or gravity separation.
S. R. Taylor and Associates propose to use its combined experience with ultrasonics and
multiphase coalescence processing to develop ultrasonic coalescence for separating oil and
ultrafine metal particles from metal working Wastewaters, to determine the appro- priate
operating conditions for successful coalescence, and to use this method to regenerate typical
metal cutting fluids.
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Phase I studies will focus on demonstration of feasibility and preliminary design studies
providing the support for the Phase II prototype development and actual continuous flow testing.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy Metals
EPA Contract Number: 68D00055
Title: Reclamation of Soils and Soil Leachates Contaminated with Heavy Metals
Investigators: James Michael Hosea
Small Business: Bio-Recovery Systems Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 1990 through April 1,1991
Project Amount: $49,924
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
Soil washing or flushing has been shown to be an effective method for removing heavy metals
from metal-contaminated soils at Superfund sites. Sandy soils can often be washed with water to
mobilize metal ions in an aqueous phase, but for clay soils or soils which contain insoluble metal
com- pounds, e.g., lead sulfate, other additives such as chelating agents (EDTA) are used to
effect transfer of metal ions to the aqueous phase. EDTA, however, complexes with in- nocuous
metal ions (calcium, magnesium, iron), and EDTA- heavy metal complexes are difficult to
remove from the aqueous phase. Bio-Recovery Systems has developed a proprietary process to
circumvent these difficulties using a chelating agent (MLA) which has little or no affinity for
innocuous metal ions and which has a higher affinity for many toxic metal ions than does EDTA.
Furthermore, the heavy metal-MLA complexes can be removed from the aqueous phase by
sorption on AlgaSORBTM resins, a proprietary biomass developed by Bio-Recovery. Thus, the
use of MLA as a soil washing agent and the use of AlgaSORBTM will be tested to recover the
MLA metal ion complexes in order to ascertain if this approach will yield a more cost effective
treatment for metal-contaminated soils at Superfund sites than current methods.
Since simple water washes have been effective for mobilization of metals in sandy soils,
solutions resulting from simple water washing will be treated with AlgaSORBTM to determine
metal removal efficiency.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for Disinfection
EPA Contract Number: 68D00246
Title: Novel Polymers With Immobilized Antimicrobial Enzymes for Disinfection
Investigators: G. Duncan Kitchens
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
The Phase I objective is to investigate the use of novel polymer with immobilized antimicrobial
enzymes as all natural, nonreactive, and nontoxic disinfecting materials. The resurgence of
infectious diseases in the United States and internationally has created an unprecedented level of
awareness of the hazards of bacteria and other microbes. These diseases derive from declining
effectiveness of antibiotics, appearance and spread of new pathogens, disposal of human wastes,
hospital-related infections, and food-related infections. As a result of increasing demand, a large
number of biocides have flooded the market. However, most of these are chemical-based
biocides. Biocides like silver, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphonium salts, sulfur
compounds, halogenated compounds, and oxidizing chemicals pose a health hazard due to
inherited toxicity of these chemicals. Superior methods for control of microbial growth are thus
required to contain spread of disease and discomfort associated with microbial infections.
Potential areas of application of these polymers include: prevention of biofilm formation,
treatment of hydroponic solutions, disinfection of drinking water, enhanced microbial control for
hospitals, and control of airborne pathogens in indoor environments. Preliminary
experimentation has demonstrated destruction of gram positive and gram negative bacteria in
aqueous growth media using immobilized antimicrobial enzymes. The material for improved
control of the growth of microorganisms that originate from this work can be applied in a broad
variety of commercial applications, including: food processing and preparation, biomedical
applications, water purification, and general household hygiene.
Development of antimicrobial polymers have the potential to offer a safe and natural alternative
for disinfection. The polymers will be useful for producing antimicrobial catheters, gloves,
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clothing, food preparation surfaces, food packaging materials, water disinfection, and an
antimicrobial coating to protect against microbial colonization of surfaces.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1744/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion Engine With
On-Demand Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a Plasmatron
EPA Contract Number: 68D00247
Title: A High Efficiency, Extremely Low Emission Internal Combustion Engine With
On-Demand Generation of Hydrogen-Rich Gas by a Plasmatron
Investigators: Craig C. Andrews
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
The Phase I objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of the on-board generation of hydrogen on
demand from hydrocarbon fuels by a plasmatron to increase the efficiency of internal
combustion engines and significantly reduce emissions. It is proposed to make the plasmatron an
integral part of the engine, thus recovering nearly all of the energy released during the thermally
initiated conversion of a hydrocarbon fuel to hydrogen in utilizing a partial oxidation process.
The integrated plasmatron approach to obtaining hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel has a number
of advantages when compared to the more conventional catalytic partial oxidation and steam
reforming processes. The proposed concept will be tested by incorporating a suitable plasmatron
into the small diesel engine. Engine emissions and system efficiency will be measured before
and after the modification. Data will be collected to determine the best system parameters to
achieve maximum pollutant reduction at the highest engine efficiency possible.
Increased fuel efficiency directly benefits engine operators and the national economy. The
automobile industry could meet future U.S. Environmental Protection Agency clean air
standards. Reduced environmental pollution levels translate into economic and societal benefits
to the Nation; such as lower incidence of diseases in humans and slower deterioration of
buildings and other infrastructures.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1706/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: 2001, Final
A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a Commodity Chemical
EPA Contract Number: 68D00248
Title: A Novel Method for Converting a Negative Value Waste Into a Commodity Chemical
Investigators: Adrian J. Denvir
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Hazardous and Solid Waste
Description:
It is estimated that there are approximately 300 million tires discarded each year in the United
States, and this is on top of the 800 million scrap tires that reside in landfills and tire dumps
throughout the country. About 180 million of the 300 million tires discarded each year are
recycled, 130 million are burned as fuel for power plants and cement kilns, 15 million are
retreaded and resold, and the remainder are ground into crumb for polymer filling. The
remaining 120 million scrap tires are discarded (legally or illegally) in landfills or tire dumps.
Current tire reuse technologies offer a considerable opportunity to generate valuable materials
from what is essentially worthless scrap. There are significant market barriers preventing these
technologies from reaching their economic potential.
Considering all of the potential markets for crumb rubber as a polymer filler, the one with the
greatest potential is the production of rubber pavements. There are 27 million tons of asphalt
used in building and maintaining roads each year in the United States. Lynntech, Inc., has
developed an innovative ozonation process that alters the physical nature of the crumb rubber in
two ways. The rubber is chemically "devulcanized," generating cleavage products that are free
from the interference of the sulfur-carbon bonds in the original rubber state, and secondly, there
is oxygen functionality added to the cleavage products. The overall result of this treatment is a
product that is easy to mix with asphalt, with greater surface area for better contact, and
functional groups for improved bonding. Experts believe that an asphalt pavement made using
the Lynntech modified crumb rubber would be of better quality than a pavement made with
ordinary crumb rubber.
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The Phase I objective is to develop a low-temperature process for the production of surface
modified crumb rubber. The system will be environmentally friendly and have low treatment
costs, thus making the process economically sound. The surface modified crumb rubber, which
is generated in the process, will have applications in many different markets. The process has the
advantage of removing the problematic tire waste from landfills and generating a material with
considerable market value. Inquiries into crumb rubber prices suggested that the ozonated crumb
rubber could be sold for $0.25 per Ib. In the polymer feed market, this would generate a net
income of $30 million per year.
Progress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1305/report/2001
Final Report is available at:
http://cQ3ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfin/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1305/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: 2001, Final
A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
EPA Contract Number: 68D00249
Title: A New Microfluidic System for the Determination of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water
Investigators: Dalibor Hodko
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
Waterborne infectious disease outbreaks have been attributed to a variety of pathogenic bacteria,
parasites, and viruses. Cryptosporidium outbreaks have been reported less frequently, but the
number of cases associated with an outbreak has been much larger. Such outbreaks prompted the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish the Information Collection Rule
(ICR), which requires that all large public water systems routinely conduct microbiological
monitoring of raw and finished waters. Currently available methods for detection of
Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cysts, the ICR method and Method 1622, yield low oocysts
and/or cysts recovery, cannot be performed in the field, do not distinguish between live and dead
protozoa, and need highly trained professionals to accurately perform the analysis. The accuracy
of these fluorescent microscopically based methods is strongly affected by nonspecific
fluorescence, other organisms, the presence of a chlorine compound, and other physical
conditions of the sample.
Method:
The new method proposed is based on two innovations, one for the separation of live
Cryptosporidium oocysts from the water sample and the other for the detection of
Cryptosporidium DNA amplicons using a new detection, method of polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) amplified DNA. The system involves the development of a microfluidic analyzer that will
allow highly specific and sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium and other microogranisms and
performance of the analysis in the field. The main features of the analyzer include direct
interfacing between large sample volume and a microliter volume used in the microfluidic
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detection channel, on-chip cell lysis, amplification of DNA through rapid thermal cycling, and
nonfluorescence on-ship detection of DNA amplicons. A fully developed system should provide
unparalleled sensitivity and selectivity for detecting Cryptosporidium oocyst and will not require
highly trained personnel for its performance in the field.
Expected Results:
The proposed microfluidic system will find a large number of applications in future
microfluidics-based instrumentation for integration of basic components for concentration,
transport, and detection of biologic and inorganic particles in liquid samples. Potential
commercial applications of the developed instrument will include monitoring of microorganisms
in the field or on production lines in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology
industries.
Progress and Final Reports:
2001 Progress Report is available at:
http://c{pub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1286/report/2001
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfin/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1286/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
EPA Contract Number: 68D00251
Title: PheroJet Traps for Areawide Integrated Pest Management
Investigators: Donald J. Hayes
Small Business: MicroFab Technologies Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
MicroFab Technologies will develop automated codling moth pheromone traps based on
state-of-the-art fluid microdispensing, electronic imaging/counting, and wireless data transfer
technologies. Because the traps will be automated and able to communicate in real time, they can
be integrated easily into a computer controlled system for areawide integrated pest management
(IPM). Successful development of commercial PheroJet traps would lead to a significant
decrease in the use of pesticides.
The automated traps will utilize: ink-jet printing technology for control of pheromone dispensing
(PheroJet) in picoliter quantities with microsecond temporal resolution; electro-optic detection;
and wireless communications for low cost, instantaneous data gathering and transfer from
distributed monitoring systems to a centralized location.
The traps will be developed specifically for codling moth, but, with some modifications, would
be effective for monitoring other moths such as the pink bollworm, bollworm, budmoth, and
many others. The detection device, a key component of this type of trap, will be designed to
discriminate other species that may enter pheromone baited traps and thus record only the target
pest.
During Phase I, MicroFab Technologies will design, fabricate, and test prototype PheroJet moth
traps that contain both the pheromone dispensing system and a moth detection/counting system.
In Phase II, the wireless telemetry system will be added to the prototype traps and field testing
will be expanded.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetaiI/abstract/1730/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
High Performance, Zero ODP Halon 1301 Replacement
EPA Contract Number: 68D00255
Title: High Performance, Zero ODP Halon 1301 Replacement
Investigators: Jonathan S. Nimitz,
Small Business: Nimitz Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: September 1,2000 through March 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
A new zero-ozone depleting potential (ODP), high-performance, clean fire and explosion
suppression agent has been discovered. This agent is more effective and less expensive than
Halon 1301 and requires about 50 percent less weight and volume. It appears that it can be used
in the same delivery systems. Also, it will allow the use of smaller, lighter extinguishing systems
for applications such as military and civilian aircraft in the future, thereby saving space and fuel.
The Phase I objective is to determine the cup-burner extinguishment concentrations for the agent
with seven common fuels. These fuels are heptane, jet fuels JP-4 and JP-5, diesel No. 2,
hydraulic fluid No.l, turbo hydraulic oil 2380, and unleaded gasoline oxygenated with 8 percent
ethanol. Chamber extinguishment tests will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the
agent at a larger scale. Fractionation tests will be conducted to determine how concentrations
vary if a leak develops.
The Phase I and II efforts will demonstrate and validate a clean, high-performance,
environmentally friendly fire and explosion suppression agent. The primary objective of this
project is to obtain sufficient quantity and quality of data to support commercial introduction of
the agent. Phase II of this effort will provide performance data at a larger scale under a variety of
scenarios as well as data on compatibility, decomposition products in flames, thermal stability,
and equipment requirements. Phase II will prepare the product for commercialization.
Potential commercial applications include all normally unoccupied spaces where weight and
volume considerations are important. This includes aircrafts, ships, telecommunications
equipment, and floating roofs for oil storage. The market for clean firefighting agents worldwide
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is estimated to be 5 million pounds per year. An estimated eventual 50 percent market share
would be 2.5 million pounds per year, or $50 million per year at $20 per pound. The market for
retrofit of existing Halon 1301 systems would perhaps double the base market, giving a total
market of about $100 million per year.
*r
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cQjub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1745/report/F
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4k
Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
EPA Contract Number: 68D01027
Title: Novel Method for Ferrate Production
Investigators: Adrian J. Denvir
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1,2001 through September 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
This Phase I project is concerned with the development of a simple, cost-effective,
environmentally friendly process for the production of potassium ferrate.
Method:
Lynntech, Inc.'s proposed method can be readily scaled up for the production of industrial
quantities of this extremely useful oxidant. Ferrate is an environmentally friendly oxidant that
represents an ideal substitute for other oxidants, particularly chromate and chlorine, which are of
environmental concern. Ferrate has the benefit of being "environmentally safe" because the iron
product is simply ferric oxide (i.e., rust). Although the oxidation reactions with ferrate appear to
be similar to those known for MnO4" and CrO4=, ferrate exhibits greater functional group
selectivity in its oxidations and generally reacts to produce a cleaner reaction product.
Expected Results:
The use of ferrate, FeO4=, promises a safe, convenient, versatile, and cost-effective alternative to
current approaches for water and wastewater treatment. Ferrate is a useful alternative to chlorine
in water disinfection because toxic chlorinated byproducts are not formed. The endproduct
formed using ferrate for oxidation reactions is Fe(OH)3", which is a precipitate that is well
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well known for adsorbing heavy metals from waste solutions as well as various industrial
applications.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DNA Aptamer Strip Assays To Detect
Cryptosporidium and Encephalitozoon
EPA Contract Number: 68D01044
Title: Hand-Held Fluorometer Using SELEX DNA Aptamer Strip Assays To Detect
Cryptosporidium and Encephalitozoon
Investigators: Bruno, John G.
Small Business: Systems and Processes Engineering Corporation
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1,2001 through September 1,2001
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
Systems & Processes Engineering Corporation (SPEC) proposes to develop receptors composed
of DNA oligomers ("aptamers") from a combinatorial library for binding and detecting
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and three species of Encephalitozoon spores. Aptamers will be
generated by the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX)
combinatorial chemistry technique. SELEX aptamers offer several major advantages over
antibody technology; most notably eliminating the use of animal hosts, resulting in reduced cost,
as well as higher affinity and specificity to target pathogens of interest.
The Phase I objective is to generate a set of specific DNA aptamers to bind and detect oocysts
and spores. Aptamer assay development will be designed for use on a magnetic bead-based
cartridge for enhanced sample separation into various aptamer capture regions with subsequent
detection using SPEC'S proprietary hand-held fluorometer. In Phase II, SPEC will clone and
sequence the aptamers and optimize assays for field and home use. In addition, SPEC will add
the ability to transfer data from the fluorescence reader at remote locations to a Web site either
by hardwire or wireless pager.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1244/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based Endocrine
Disruption Screening Assay
EPA Contract Number: 68D02023
Title: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Rapid Progestin-Based Endocrine
Disruption Screening Assay
Investigators: Douglas J. Fort
Small Business: Fort Environmental Laboratories Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1,2002 through September 1,2002
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: Monitoring and Measurement Technologies
Description:
Concerns regarding the presence of endocrine disrupters in food, water, or other environmental
media as well as concerns about the potential risk they pose to humans and wildlife have been
growing in recent years. Passage in 1996 of the Food Quality Protection Act and Amendments to
the Safe Drinking Water Act reflected these concerns and required the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to develop a screening program, using appropriate validated test systems and
other scientifically relevant information, to determine whether certain substances may have an
endocrine effect in wildlife and humans. The proposed work will result in the validation of an
assay that tests substances that might disturb reproductive and developmental processes in
animals by interfering with the endocrine system. The primary goal of the proposed research is
to validate and commercialize the Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation germinal vesicle breakdown
(GVBD) model as a system for the rapid evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)
found in the workplace or the environment. Specifically, Fort Environmental Laboratories, Inc.,
will validate and standardize a 24-hour X. laevis assay designed to evaluate progestin-active or
antiprogestin EDCs in vitro by conducting an interlaboratory validation study with a series of
known mammalian EDCs, compounds found to be inactive, and chemicals with unknown
activity. Because none of the currently developed EDC screening systems are capable of
specifically screening for progesterone-active EDCs, the successful completion of the in vitro
oocyte GVBD model development will provide the scientific community with a nonmammalian,
cost-effective, rapid, and reliable method of prescreening EDCs. The ability to rapidly and cost
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effectively screen for and evaluate the mechanisms of EDCs is an attractive alternative to the
current laborious and expensive testing systems used today. Increasing concern over the
widespread finding of EDCs in the environment has dramatically increased the need for
standardized assays, such as the X. laevis GVBD model, because few other
progestin/antiprogestin-based in vitro assays are available today.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cftn/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5079/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using Quaternary
Ammonium-Functionalized Dendrimers
EPA Contract Number: 68D02030
Title: A Universal Technique for Antimicrobial Surface Preparation Using Quaternary
Ammonium-Fimctionalized Dendrimers
Investigators: Wendy E. Krause
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1, 2002 through September 1, 2002
Project Amount: $70,000
Research Category: SBIR - Pollution Prevention
Description:
A novel, environmentally benign antimicrobial surface modification based on immobilized
quaternary ammonium-functionalized dendrimers is proposed for the prevention of biofilm
formation. Dendrimers are unique nanomaterials that have attracted attention as possible
antimicrobial agents due to their compact structure, high local charge density of functional
surface groups, unique carrier properties, and biofriendly nature. High local concentrations of
active groups are extremely beneficial in terms of potency, reduced toxicity, and increased
duration of action.
Lynntech, Inc., proposes to: (1) synthesize and characterize a novel series of quaternary
ammonium-functionalized dendrimers; (2) evaluate their effectiveness as biocides; (3) develop a
surface treatment that can immobilize the dendrimers, be covalently attached to a variety of
polymers, and be formed on either or both the inner and outer surfaces of complex geometries;
and (4) evaluate the physical and biocidal properties of the materials modified with the
immobilized dendrimers. The many applications of this technology are what make it so
attractive. Because the antimicrobial surface modification can be applied to a variety of plastics
preformed into complex shapes, its use is virtually unlimited. Lynntech, Inc., envisions this
technology being used: (1) for in situ soil and other monitors; (2) for dental and other water
lines; (3) to form antimicrobial fabrics; (4) to treat medical devices; (5) to produce
heavy-metal-free antifouling coatings; (6) in water filtration and other membranes; (7) for glove
and respirator materials; and (8) in biowarfare defense. Many consumer products could result
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from this technology, especially in the medical and food and beverage preparation and packaging
fields.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5088/report/F
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
SELEX DNA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and Chloroaromatics
EPA Contract Number: 68D02033
Title: SELEX DNA Aptamer Filter for Removal of Pesticides and Chloroaromatics
Investigators: John G. Bruno
Small Business: OmniSite BioDiagnostics Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1,2002 through September 1,2002
Project Amount: $69,992
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
OmniSite BioDiagnostics, Inc. (OmniSite) proposes to develop artificial receptors composed of
DNA oligomers (called "aptamers") for binding and removal of organophosphorous and
chlorinated pesticides. Aptamers will be generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by
exponential enrichment (SELEX) combinatorial chemistry technique. SELEX aptamers offer
several major advantages over antibody technology; most notably eliminating the use of animal
hosts, resulting in reduced cost and higher affinity and specificity to target pollutants of interest.
In addition, SELEX DNA aptamers can be mass produced with relative ease compared to
antibody production and purification. The antipesticide aptamers will be immobilized onto a
column matrix and used for affinity filtration of drinking water.
In Phase I, OmniSite proposes to demonstrate the utility of column-immobilized DNA aptamers
to bind and remove diazinon, malathion, and pentachlorophenol from contaminated water. In
Phase II, OmniSite will expand its repertoire of antipesticide aptamers with an emphasis on
selecting aptamers that bind common moieties of organophosphorous and chlorinated pesticides
or chloroaromatic wood preservatives, so as to bind and remove the largest array of pesticides
from drinking water. OmniSite also will clone and sequence the antipesticide aptamers and
optimize water purification protocols using the aptamer column. This project has high
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commercialization potential, because water purification filters are common store items and the
aptamer-columns could be produced at very low cost.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens in Water
EPA Contract Number: 6.8D02038
Title: Rapid, Specific, Sensor System for Pathogens in Water
Investigators: Tiernan, Timothy C.
Small Business: TPL Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: April 1,2002 through September 1,2002
Project Amount: $69,046
Research Category: SBIR - Monitoring and Analysis
Description:
There is an important need for a water-monitoring technology that is capable of detecting a wide
range of microbial and viral pathogens and their toxins. TPL, Inc., proposes an instrument
system that could be used both in the laboratory or in the field for analyzing water quality for a
wide range of contaminants, including microbial pathogens, Cryptosporidium, and viral
pathogens.
The sensor system will be based on new technology under development by TPL and its research
partners at the University of New Mexico. That technology will use protein molecules as probes
for microbial and viral targets. The protein molecules used provide the system with an extremely
high level of specificity and sensitivity for the pathogens of interest.
The probe proteins will be covalently bound to a micromachined sensor (or array of sensors),
making the sensor durable and reusable. During operation, a stream of water or a water sample
will be introduced to a test chamber in the water analysis instrument, where the aqueous sample
conies in direct contact with the sensor. The analysis system will perform the desired analysis
and output data concerning the type and concentration of analyte (e.g., pathogen) detected. The
system does not rely on delicate laser detection systems or low levels of fluorescent light. The
sensor will utilize an extremely sensitive microelectronic gravimetric device, known as an
acoustic plate mode (APM) device. The proposed sensor can measure surface adsorption in
either liquid or gas phase with picogram sensitivity and millisecond response time. High-speed
digitization and digital signal processing techniques will be used to deconvolute the data
contained in the APM acoustic wave modes generated by the sensor.
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APM devices can be used as the basis for sensors using many different types of probe molecules,
including proteins. This will allow the sensor to be used for a wide range of pathogens in water,
with rapid measurements of a number of different types of pathogens for online monitoring. In a
summary printed in R&D Magazine, April 1999, the Business Communications Company
forecasted that the market for biosensors is expected to increase to $1.68 billion in 2003, from
$765 million in 1998. Existing markets for sensors are in the environmental, government,
industrial, research, and medical sectors. The competing technology is based mainly on the
detection of fluorescent light. Problems encountered with this technology include low flux of
light, large volumes of expensive fluorescent molecules, and inefficiency in light transfer in a
liquid medium. The proposed sensor does not rely on light transfer, and has higher intrinsic
sensitivity than fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Novel Method for Ferrate Production
EPA Contract Number: 68D02054
Title: Novel Method for Ferrate Production
Investigators: Adrian J. Denvir
Small Business: Lynntech Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: June 1,2002 through June 1,2004
Project Amount: $225,000
Research Category:
Description:
New environmental regulations have identified many of the currently used oxidizing agents
employed for industrial waste control, disinfection, and wastewater treatment as a caveat that
must be addressed. Ferrate has potential for becoming the alternative of choice because of its
aggressive oxidation properties and its negligible impact on the environment. However, there has
been little industrial interest in ferrate because of the high cost of production. All known
methods of ferrate synthesis are extremely expensive and hence, less effective oxidizing agents
that are much more affordable to produce are commonly employed. During Phase I, Lynntech,
Inc., developed an environmentally benign electrochemical process for the production of greater
than 98 percent pure potassium ferrate that is at least one-tenth the cost of conventional methods.
The most attractive features of this process are its reliance on low-cost starting materials—most
of which are recyclable, and the elimination of expensive ion exchange membranes. Utilizing
continuous magnetic separation of ferrate from the electrochemical cell ensures that this process
is ideally suited for industrial use. In Phase II, Lynntech, Inc., proposes to optimize ferrate
production and extraction to develop a continuous, online system for yearly production of up to
100 kg of high-purity product. This project involves a collaborative effort between Lynntech,
Inc., and leading companies in the specialty chemicals industry to develop this innovative
process of ferrate production for implementation in the commercial marketplace.
Widespread applications of oxidizing agents range from disinfection and sterilization to
wastewater treatment and removal of hazardous waste materials as well as batteries and catalytic
synthesis of explosives. However, many of the currently available oxidants are limited by the
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requirement of harmful starting materials or the generation of large volumes of negative-value
byproducts. Ferrate has been shown to be effective in many of these applications, where the only
byproduct of oxidation is environmentally benign rust. Lynntech, Inc., already has demonstrated
the effectiveness of ferrate utilization in aluminum conversion coatings and nuclear waste
remediation, which have combined markets in excess of $4 billion.
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Type: SBIR PHASE I
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
EPA Contract Number: 68D02099
Title: Subsurface Treatment for Arsenic Removal
Investigators: Gregory P. Miller
Small Business: Daniel B. Stephens and Associates Inc.
EPA Contact: Manager, SBIR Program
Phase: I
Project Period: October 1, 2002 through July 31,2003
Project Amount: $100,000
Research Category: SBIR - Water
Description:
Subsurface treatment for arsenic removal (STAR) is an innovative technology for treatment of
arsenic in groundwater at the wellhead. The STAR technology can result in large cost savings
when compared with conventional above-ground treatment methods. The goal is to create a
subsurface biogeochemical barrier composed of reactive iron hydroxide minerals and iron
bacteria within the aquifer surrounding a water-supply well. Following emplacement of the
geochemical barrier, the well will yield water that will meet or exceed the arsenic drinking
standard of 10 ppb.
The primary objectives of the Phase I research project are to: (1) demonstrate practical methods
to achieve arsenic sequestration by increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations in the aquifer;
and (2) develop diagnostic tools for assessing the performance and design of systems in varied
hydrogeologic settings. The STAR technology stems from a baseline re-engineering of the
proven and commercially available technology developed by Subsurface Technologies, Inc., for
the in situ treatment of dissolved iron and manganese. This research project builds on what has
been learned about subsurface iron and manganese removal and will adapt these principles to
removal of dissolved arsenic. The two primary approaches for modification of geochemical
conditions within an aquifer surrounding a water-supply well are: (1) creation of an oxidizing
zone around the well through installation of a ring of air diffuser wells; and (2) alternating
injection and withdrawal of oxygenated water at the production well itself (push-pull). During
Phase I, Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Inc., proposes to test the STAR technology at an
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existing water-supply well that currently exceeds the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
drinking water standard for arsenic. The proposed research plan addresses all relevant
parameters, including geochemical reaction rates, aquifer heterogeneity, and groundwater
residence time within the treatment zone.
Subsurface arsenic treatment offers significant advantages over conventional above-ground
treatment technologies. Unlike conventional treatment plants, the capital costs associated with
construction of above-ground facilities are not incurred. Furthermore, the proposed technology
generates little or no waste. In contrast, conventional above-ground arsenic treatment plants
continuously generate large volumes of waste sludge, brine, or spent treatment media requiring
disposal. With the STAR technology, naturally occurring arsenic is left below ground in the
aquifer, and no arsenic-bearing wastes are generated. Finally, unlike conventional treatment
plants, the STAR technology does not require a skilled operator to maintain the system. The
researchers believe these advantages will be particularly important for small community water
systems providers.
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Section 3.5
Listings 156 to 237
Early Competed Center
and
- Hazardous Substance Research Center Blue Pages
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Type: EARLY COMPETED CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted Porphyrins to Treat
Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated Aliphatics
EPA Grant Number: R825689C060
Subproject: this is subproject number 060 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825689 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (1989) - Western HSRC
Center Director: Perry L. McCarty
Title: Enhancement of Biodegradation through the Use of Substituted Porphyrins to Treat
Groundwater Contaminated with Halogenated Aliphatics
Investigators: Martin Reinhard, R. Tanner, Joseph Suflita, Kerry Sublette, Michael Mclnerney
Institution: Stanford University, Tulsa University, University of Oklahoma (Supported by the
U.S. Department of Energy)
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: January 1, 1993 through January 1, 1995
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substances Research Centers
Description:
Both microbial and abiotic dehalogenation methods can be used to degrade chloroaliphatics.
This project examined whether the two methods could be combined to obtain an overall superior
process.
Dehalogenation by Metallocoenzymes and Zero-Valent Iron Powder (Stanford University):
Transformation by iron(O) powder was one of the abiotic dehalogenation methods that was
evaluated. Iron(O) was chosen because it is reactive towards PCE as well as a range of substrates
without the involvement of porphyrin. The reaction variables that were studied included
temperature and pH. Once the PCE system is understood, other chlorinated substrates will be
tested. Metallocoenzymes studied include Vitamin B12, which has a cobalt center, and hematin,
which has an iron center. Soluble bulk reductants used were titanium (III) citrate, dithiothreitol,
and cysteine. The most promising reaction systems will be further evaluated in combination with
immobilized porphyrins (U. of Tulsa) and in biological cultures (U. of Oklahoma).
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Transformation Reactions of Immobilized Porphyrins (Tulsa University):
After conducting batch experiments to evaluate reaction conditions with different reductants,
fixed-bed reactors with immobilized cyanocobalamin were tested for their efficacy to remove
PCE from water.
Effect of Reduced Porphyrins on Anaerobic Culture Performance (University of
Oklahoma):
Whole cell suspensions of Desulfomonile tidjie, a PCE-dehalogenating bacterium, were
incubated with and without vitamin B12 amendments under a range of conditions. Different
sulfur reductants including cysteine, hydrogen sulfide and DTT were used.
Objective: This project is a collaborative effort of three laboratories, Stanford University, Tulsa
University and the University of Oklahoma. The objectives are three fold: (1) assess whether
porphyrin augmentation improves the performance of dehalogenating cultures, especially for the
treatment of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes (University of Oklahoma), (2) assess whether
immobilized porphyrins can be used for treating waste streams containing chlorinated ethanes
and ethenes (Tulsa), and (3) evaluate different reductant/metallocoenzyme systems with respect
to their ability to dehalogenate halogenated aliphatics.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2035/report/F
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Type: EARLY COMPETED CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of Contaminant Release
EPA Grant Number: R825513C027
Subprdject: this is subproject number 027 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825513 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (1989) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny D. Reible
Title: Freshwater Bioturbators in Riverine Sediments as Enhancers of Contaminant Release
Investigators: A. D. W. Acholonu, K. T. Valsaraj, Louis J. Thibodeaux
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge, Alcorn State University
EPA Project Officer: Dale Manty
Project Period: January 1, 1995 through December 31, 1997
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Description:
The purpose of this study was to collect, identify, and catalog the benthic (bottom-dwelling)
invertebrates in the Yazoo River and Yazoo Lake, and to compare the fauna from the two
freshwater bodies. It was also conducted to enable us to find and select relevant bioturbators and
use them to conduct flux measurement experiments. The general objective of the project is to
contribute to knowledge about hazardous substances and how to get rid of them; to measure the
magnitude of bioturbation by tubificid worms and other appropriate bioturbators in the
laboratory in order to advance modeling of contaminant flux and ultimately understand its
ecological implications.
Approach:
During the first year of this study, we surveyed the Yazoo River to find contaminated sediment
sites; collect, identify, and catalog benthic fauna in the Yazoo River. Important bioturbators
found were to be selected and transplanted into laboratory microcosm. Sediment contaminants
were to be identified. Chemical analysis were to be performed and flux measurement
experiments are expected to shed more light on physicochemical transport process. This study
was directed toward quantifying the increased flux of hydrophobic organics from contaminated
sediment due to bioturbation by freshwater oligochaetes found in the Yazoo River bed. The
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results of the flux measurement experiments are to shed more light on physicochemical transport
process.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/indexxfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5633/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New Orleans)
EPA Grant Number: R825427
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Urban Waste Management & Research Center (University of New Orleans)
Investigators: Kenneth McManis
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: January 1, 1998 through September 30,2003
Project Amount: $5,569,100
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
The UNO Urban Waste Management and Research Center's (UWMRC or Center) mission
addresses urban problems associated with municipal solid waste, wastewater, urban runoff,
surface and ground water quality, and air quality. Its major goal is to provide an integrated
multimedia waste management approach to the solution of urban environmental problems, and to
advance the state of the art of urban waste management and pollution prevention through
technology transfer.
The Center's research activities concentrate on urban environmental problems. The outreach
activities of the Center are designed to promote community involvement and education on
environmental issues and problems. Policy and technology transfer are key elements in the
Center's programs. To that end the Center will conduct research projects relevant to urban needs.
It will provide workshops, short courses, seminars and initiate training programs in urban waste
management. The Center will also serve as a clearinghouse for technology and promote citizen
involvement and education to help bridge the gap between governmental requirements and the
needs of municipalities and industry. The Center will focus on research that will develop the
technologies necessary to further this goal, and provide a source of trained graduate engineers
and scientists. The Center will endeavor to become a catalyst in providing an environmental
awareness for all of UNO's academic programs for the New Orleans metropolitan area, and for
the nation.
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Summary/Accomplishments:
The Center is committed to ensuring that the quality of the data generated from a project is
specified and provides sufficient resources to enable the required level of quality assurance and
quality control to be performed. To this end, the Center developed its Quality Management Plan
which establishes the operational practices and procedures by which the Center implements its
Quality System program. The QMP ensures that the quality of work and the data generated under
projects supported by the Urban Waste Management and Research Center are within a stated
level of confidence and do not exceed acceptable limits.
A five-year plan was developed to focus on issues concerning the urban environmental
infrastructure and the urban watershed. The Center chose as its primary five year focus the
development of a multi-year broad-based approach to address the problems associated with the
environmental infrastructure located in the urban watershed. Secondary focus was given to areas
of Water Quality, Urban Air Quality and Municipal Waste Management. The results of this multi
year focus has a wide range of applicability in urban areas throughout the United States. The
specific topics of study were chosen with regard to problems that were local in nature but
national in scope.
The Center's research revolves around five themes: municipal solid waste, wastewater, urban
runoff, surface and ground water quality, and air quality. Although these areas are important to
the Center's mission, the Center, Environmental Protection Agency, the American Society of
Civil Engineers and the Water Environment Federation have placed a primary emphasis on the
need for research associated with urban environmental infrastructure while stressing a watershed
based approach. Based on these national needs, the primary effort of the Center was be the
development of a multi-year broad-based approach to address the problems associated with the
environmental infrastructure located in the urban watershed. Secondary focus was given to areas
of water quality, urban air quality and municipal waste management.
The eleven research projects conducted during the grant period are consistent with the Center's
mission and goal to "addresses urban problems associated with municipal solid waste,
wastewater, urban runoff, surface and ground water quality, and air quality; and to provide an
integrated multimedia waste management approach to the solution of urban environmental
problems, and to advance the state of the art of urban waste management and pollution
prevention through technology transfer". The principal investigators have made a concerted
effort to follow the mission and focus during the planning and implementation of their research.
In support of Improvements in Risk Assessment or Risk Management, the Center has provided
an integrated multimedia waste management approach to the solution of urban environmental
problems, and advanced the state of the art in urban waste management and pollution prevention
through technology transfer.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiaseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5340/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact Process
EPA Grant Number: R825427C001
Subproject: this is subproject number 001 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Comprehensive Evaluation of The Dual Trickling Filter Solids Contact Process
Investigators: Enrique J. La Motta, Juan Josse
InstitutionLUniversity of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: June 30,1997 through May 31,2000
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
This project was developed using the full scale treatment plants located in Jefferson Parish,
Louisiana, all of them using the trickling filter-solids contact process. A significant part of the
project was devoted to a pilot plant investigation using a 2000 gpd pilot plant located at Marrero,
LA. The main task was to try to find any relationship between common operating parameters,
such as HRT, SRT, FM, hydraulic and organic loadings, and plant performance. No significant
correlations could be established, and this led the investigators to conclude that plant
performance is affected by other phenomena, such as biological flocculation, that plays a major
role on both COD and SS removal.
The main objective of this project is to perform a comprehensive long-term evaluation of the
performance of the Marrero, Bridge City, and Harvey wastewater treatment plants, in Jefferson
Parish, Louisiana, based on an extended sampling and testing program. Additional objectives are
to understand the effect of critical design parameters on the performance of the unit processes
and the system as a whole, and to determine the optimum operating conditions.
Municipal Scale Treatment Plants: A sampling program of effluents of each unit process in the
Marrero, Bridge City and Harvey full-scale plants was completed. The units sampled included
bar rack, primary clarifier, trickling filter, solids contact basin and secondary clarifier. Grab
samples were taken from January to July 1998. Between July and December 1998,24-hour
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composite samples were taken. Automatic samplers were set up to pump every two hours, during
a 24- hour period, into the composite sample tank. They were preserved with sulfuric acid to
drop the pH to less than 2. Between January and June 1999, sludge samples were taken at the
three plants. Waste activated sludge, primary sludge, sludge as it leaves the digesters, sludge
cake and belt press filtrate were also sampled.
The parameters tested on the wastewater samples were total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD),
dissolved chemical oxygen demand (DCOD), total suspended solids (TSS) and volatile
suspended solids (VSS). Flow rates were also recorded at the time of sampling in the case of
grab samples, and average daily flows in the case of composite samples. The results of the
long-term testing were used to obtain average operating conditions of the unit processes at each
plant. Based on these averages, spreadsheets were developed for each plant to calculate all
operating parameters of each unit process. These values were compared with typical values
published in the literature for the TF/SC process.
Pilot Plant Research: A TF/SC pilot plant was designed, constructed and erected at a location
provided by the Marrero wastewater treatment plant, between the two primary clarifiers of the
plant. The TF/SC pilot plant consists of an intermittent primary effluent feeding system, a
trickling filter, an aerated solids contact tank, a flocculation tank, and a secondary clarifier, all
with a design capacity of 2,000 gal/day. The pilot unit is fed by pumping the primary clarifier
effluent from one of the primary tanks of the Marrero plant to an elevated 30-gallon
constant-head tank. From this tank the water flows by gravity to the trickling filter distribution
pipes. A timer-controlled valve opens and closes, so that the flow rate can be adjusted by
changing the time that the valve is open. The trickling filter inlet distribution system consists of
four properly leveled 2-inch diameter PVC pipes. These pipes are perforated on the sides and
allow water overflow uniformly over the top of trickling filter media.
Conclusions:
The summary of findings are as follows: 1.Classical activated sludge design parameters like F/M
ratio, SRT, MLSS, and organic loading on the TF have no significant effect on effluent quality of
the dual TF/SC process. 2. Bioflocculation in the solids contact chamber and reflocculation in a
center well flocculator in the final clarifier play a significant role in defining effluent quality.
3.Optimum performance of the TF/SC dual process relies on low TSS primary effluent, healthy
TF and good flocculation in the SC chamber. 4.The velocity gradient in mechanical flocculation
has no effect on effluent quality within the range studied of 15 to 45 s"1. 5.Fine bubble diffusers
in the SC chamber provide much better flocculation then coarse bubble diffusers. 6.Dissolved
oxygen concentrations much lower than 1 mg/L deteriorate effluent quality.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5406/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
EPA Grant Number: R825427C002
Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Issues Involving the Vertical Expansion of Landfills
Investigators: Kenneth McManis, Mysore Nataraj, G. Boutwell, D. Debnath
InstitutionLUniversity of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: August 17, 1998 through April 30, 2002
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
The proposal for the vertical expansion of landfills has raised serious concerns by many state and
federal regulators regarding the stability of a high refuse fill under static and dynamic loading
conditions, the contamination of ground water by liner/leachate collection system (L/LCS)
damage and the increased potential for leachate generation. To address these issues, basic design
parameters are necessary for the rational design of a vertical expansion. These include the
parameters for: settlement, development of the load-leachate generation relationship,
deformation strain, hydraulic conductivity, etc. Many of these parameters are not readily
available nor routinely determined and have received only limited attention in the literature. To
determine these parameters, this study included a field sampling and testing program, and a
laboratory investigation.
The material tested included MSW that had been buried in-place and excavated, and that which
was being delivered. The field investigation of the study included the in-place unit weight and
moisture character of the waste material according to ASTM D5030. Bulk samples used for the
tests were collected from the Tangipahoa Regional Solid Waste Facility near Amite, Louisiana,
U.S.A. Two types of samples were collected from the landfill; one was compacted (excavated)
MSW. This is old in-place MSW was mixed with daily soil cover. The second was a fresh
(recently received) MSW. This MSW had been recently collected, delivered, and was ready to be
placed in the landfill. The excavated MSW was collected from a depth of 0.9 to 1.2 m (4 to 4 ft)
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beneath the surface and consisted primarily of plastic bags and bottles, dirt, paper, wood, cloth
etc. The gravimetric moisture content of the waste ranged from 15 to 19 percent. The field unit
weight of the compacted waste was 12 kN/m3 determined as per ASTM D5030. The fresh MSW
was collected immediately after dumping at the landfill. It was similar to the compacted waste
but with less dirt. The gravimetric moisture content of the waste ranged from 19 to 23 percent.
The laboratory tests utilized these two sample types, i.e., 1) compacted in-place (excavated)
municipal solid waste (MSW) and 2) fresh (recently received) municipal solid waste.
The settlement behavior, leachate release, and hydraulic conductivity that an existing landfill
would be subjected to due to vertical expansion were simulated in a laboratory, large-scale
testing program. The testing program was divided into three parts: 1) Liquid Release Tests
(LRT), 2) Hydraulic Conductivity Tests (HCT) and a 3) settlement test on a saturated sample.
The liquid release tests were conducted on both the excavated samples of MSW and the fresh
MSW. Four of the leachate release tests were conducted on the excavated (older) MSW and
three were conducted on the fresh (recent) MSW at various initial density levels. The settlement
behavior of the unsaturated excavated MSW and fresh MSW were observed in the leachate
release tests. Three hydraulic conductivity tests were performed on the excavated older MSW
and the hydraulic conductivity values were measured at four different density levels for the same
test. One settlement test was performed on the excavated MSW at 100 percent saturation. Two
different types of PVC (Schedule 80) test chambers were fabricated for the tests.
The liquid release test (LRT) determines whether or not liquids will be released when the MSW
is subjected to additional overburden pressures in a landfill. A saturated specimen of the
excavated MSW was tested under incremental loading and extended load times to compare the
settlement parameters with the values obtained from the liquid release tests, in which the values
were unsaturated. The same test chamber and loading technique as used in the liquid release test
was used in this test. The sample was saturated prior to loading with two way drainage existing.
However, the incremental loading was applied over an extended period of time in order to
establish the time-deformation character. Values for the compression index (Cc), and the
coefficient of consolidation (Cv) were determined. The log-time plots were relatively flat and
could not be used for calculating the coefficient of consolidation (Cv). The square root of time,
Taylor's technique, was used to estimate the consolidation coefficient. The range of values for
Cv in this study were comparable to other reported values found in the literature.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfhi/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5407/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
EPA Grant Number: R825427C003
Subproject: this is subproject number 003 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Deep Foundations on Brownfields Sites
Investigators: G. Boutwell, Mysore Nataraj, Kenneth McManis
InstitutionLUniversity of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: August 17, 1998 through May 30,2002
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
Brownfields are often desirable building sites because of their location within or close proximity
to urban areas. Construction at these sites often raises questions regarding environmental and
health issues. One such question is the potential for contaminating deeper aquifers via the pile
foundations often required for industrial or multi-story structures. Piles penetrating contaminated
soils and driven through an aquitard to achieve end-bearing in a deeper sand aquifer may transfer
or provide a migration pathway for contaminants. The current knowledge of pile/soil behavior in
a contaminated soil environment is very limited. Consequently, regulatory authorities often
require extensive and expensive protection measures (such as grouted casing) for piles in this
situation. Thus, there is a real world need to address this topic to serve as a guide in the design of
pile foundations in a brownfield environment.
The main concern is that the penetration of the contaminated zone and the aquitard by the pile
will transfer and/or allow the migration of contaminants vertically. While there would be slow
movement through the clay aquitard, the mechanisms created by the pile are (1) direct transfer of
soils at the pile tip, which is a one-time event, (2) flow in the zone disturbed by pile-driving,
including the pile/soil interface, and (3) flow through the pile material itself. The flow
mechanisms are long-term phenomena. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cited
mechanisms to determine if pile foundations can be used in an environmentally safe manner for a
brownfield situation without special protective measures. Direct transfer was evaluated through
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geohydrologic calculations. The vertical transfer of flow along the pile/soil interface and the
influence of the pile type was investigated through laboratory modeling. The long-term flow is
the most serious potential problem. The model tests investigated the effects of pile type on flow
and contaminant migration.
Summary/ Accomplishments:
The first evaluation was of direct transfer. A simple theoretical study was carried out to evaluate
the direct transfer mechanism. When a pile is driven, its tip can carry down a conical plug of the
soil through which it passes. The volume of the soil plug (V) for a flat-tipped pile driven through
clay is about 0.15D3, where D is the pile width/diameter. Initially, the contaminant concentration
in the pore water of the plug is the same as that in the contaminated upper stratum (co). The
volume of actual contaminant in the plug is the plug volume (V) times the soil porosity (n)
multiplied by co. Some of the contaminated initial plug is lost during driving, especially when
the pile tip passes through stronger materials.
Tests were conducted on the following pile types: No pile or penetration (Control A) round
wood pile, untreated penetration with a sand pile (Control B) round metal pile, round wood pile,
treated H section metal pile Control B terminated 2.5 cm above the bottom sand. All piles were
2.5 cm in nominal diameter, 50 cm long and had flat tips. The wood piles were tapered slightly
in accordance with ASTM D25 standards for wood piles. All piles were driven with a hydraulic
press; a guide was used to keep the piles vertical. During the tests, periodic measurements were
made for each bottom segment of both the amount of flow and the electrical conductivity
simultaneously. Intervals for the measurements were in the order of hours for the first days and
later on in days. The "breakthrough" time for the model tests was calculated using Darcy's Law
as about 1000 hours. The final tests were therefore permeated about 2400 hours with water, then
some 1400 hours with brine.
The data collected from the innermost ring have the greatest effect from the model pile and the
least effect from any sidewall interface seepage. The model tests were therefore analysed using
only the data from that inner ring.
The results of this study confirmed the findings of the earlier work by Hayman et.al (l),but
extended them. Driven piles can be used on even " brownfields" sites without causing adverse
environmental effects. However, the proper type(s) of piles must be selected to avoid such
effects. The piles should be of a low-permeability material, such as steel and possibly concrete to
avoid internal flow. A displacement-type pile such as wood, pipe, or "square" piles should be
used to develop the lateral pressure needed to seal any annular space. Use of a pointed pile tip
reduces direct transfer of contaminants to a negligible level.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/ftiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5408/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
EPA Grant Number: R825427C004
Subproject: this is subproject number 004 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Ambient Particulate Concentration Model for Traffic Intersections
Investigators: Bhaskar Kura
Institution LUniversity of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: January 1,1998 through December 31,1999
Research Category: Air Quality
Description:
The objective of this research was to develop a model to predict ambient particulate
concentration at traffic intersections based on the traffic volume and meteorological conditions.
Field monitoring was performed to collect data on (1) ambient PM10 and PM25 concentrations,
(2) traffic volume, (3) traffic composition (types of vehicles), (4) vehicle speed, (5) time of the
day. All meteorological observations — wind speed and direction, cloud cover, temperature,
relative humidity and rainfall — were obtained from the local weather station. Sun altitude data
was obtained from the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The Rupprecht & Patashnick
TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Particulate Monitor, which is approved by the USE PA for
continuous PM10 monitoring, was used to monitor PM10 concentrations. Nu-Metrics Hi-Star®
Model NC-97 counters were used to obtain traffic data. These counters utilize Vehicle Magnetic
Imaging (VMI) to measure vehicle parameters. One counter was installed at or near the center of
each lane of traffic exiting the intersection using a rubber mat for a protective covering.
The objective of this study was to develop a model that can be used to predict particulate
concentrations at traffic intersections based upon traffic and meteorological parameters. The
research was undertaken with several expectations. The first was that the particle concentrations
would increase as traffic volume increased. Secondly, PM2.5 data were projected to yield much
stronger relationships to traffic volumes than PM10. Another belief was that as atmospheric
stability increased, overall particle concentrations would also increase.
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The results of this study provide a preliminary framework for model development. Data
collection was limited due to a number of constraints including time, resources and logistics.
Because the results are based on limited data from a single site, it should not be assumed that the
results are applicable on a broad scale.
The specific objectives of this project were: to measure ambient particulate concentrations at
traffic intersections; to obtain traffic and meteorological data; and to develop a model that
predicts ambient particulate concentrations based on traffic and meteorological parameters.
Summary/Accomplishments:
The negative slopes obtained for the category D PM10, versus traffic trend lines were of major
concern. PM concentrations attributable to vehicular activity are mostly due to road dust and tire
and brake wear. Neither of these items is dependent directly upon traffic volume or vehicle
exhaust, but rather on roadway and vehicle conditions. Both streets at the intersection are paved
and neither has any unpaved shoulder area. Further investigation is needed to determine the
exact cause of the negative trend.
As expected, PM2.5 data were over all more closely related to traffic volumes. This is primarily
because PM2.5 can be attributed more directly to vehicle exhaust as the source other than
roadway and other external conditions as with PM2.5
It was observed that atmospheric stability increased, so did the concentration of PM2.5. This was
attributed to the fact that because PM2.5 are small, they can remain air bound for extended
periods of time. When the atmosphere is stable, less dispersion occurs, which allows fine
particles to remain entrained in the air at the monitoring site. In case of PM10, more stable
conditions yielded lower particle concentrations. With less turbulence, larger particles are able to
settle; therefore they are not as likely to be measured as PM2.5.
This research obtained data on traffic density, ambient particulate concentration, and
meteorological conditions through field monitoring to develop models to predict ambient
particulate concentration at traffic intersections. No acceptable model could be developed for
PM10 due to interference. Preliminary models were developed for ambient concentration of
PM2.5 for wind speed above 6 m/s and below 6 m/s. Caution should be used in using these
models as additional observations are necessary to refine and validate these models.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5386/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
EPA Grant Number: R825427C005
Subproject: this is subproject number 005 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Approaches for I/I Reduction
•Investigators: Marty Tittlebaum
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: July 1, 1998 through May 1, 2000
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
After nearly two centuries of urban growth and development, public works officials are
confronted with the problems of a deteriorating infrastructure and limited maintenance funding.
As many wastewater collection systems reach their design life, increasing infiltration and inflow
(I/I) has become a serious problem. Portions of a collection system may be so badly deteriorated
that repair alternatives become very limited. There is an urgent need to assemble the necessary
experience for various repair options, including trenchless technologies, which will minimize
system rehabilitation costs.
Over the last ten years there have been significant improvements in technologies and
methodologies for sewer rehabilitation. However, the effectiveness of improved technologies
and new techniques have not been evaluated. It is therefore difficult for municipalities to
properly design a sewer rehabilitation program that will perform as intended. The purpose of this
study is to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of new repair technologies from both an
engineering and cost perspective. This evaluation will be based upon repairs associated with
sewer mains as well as building laterals. Specific variables to be addressed include design, size,
age, and construction materials.
The specific objectives of this study are listed as follows: -Collection of field data pertaining to
different approaches and costs of sewer repair and rehabilitation. Analysis of the field data to
evaluate: 1. Effectiveness and costs of the sewer rehabilitation program based on repairing only
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the sewer mains. 2. Effectiveness and costs of the program based on repairing sewer mains and
the lower portions of building laterals. 3. Effectiveness and costs of the program based on
repairing sewer mains and the entire building laterals, and 4. Impact of other system variables
including design, size, age and construction materials.
There are two general circumstances that require sewer line rehabilitation. The first is when
sewer lines are experiencing excessive infiltration. The second is when lines are in need of
structural repair. Relining methods (cured-in-place [CIPP], fold and formed [F&F], deformed
and reformed [D&R], etc.) are marketed heavily to municipalities mainly to address their
infiltration problems.
For the most part, these methods have competed directly with open-cut construction for the
rehabilitation of sewer lines. The lower social impacts and the decreasing cost of trenchless
technology pipeline rehabilitation make these methods more appealing. Unfortunately, the
reduced cost of trenchless technology has been the deciding factor in the selection process for
many projects, rather than a thorough engineering evaluation of its relative advantages and
disadvantages.
Although open-cut construction has many disadvantages when compared to trenchless
rehabilitation, it has one big advantage over trenchless methods: It is easy to find a municipality
or consultant who is experienced and knowledgeable about open-cut construction techniques.
The same cannot be said for the trenchless rehabilitation method, and one would be hard pressed
to find expertise from consultants or municipalities.
Over the past 30 years various sewer rehabilitation techniques for the reduction of I/I have been
utilized throughout the United States. The actual evaluation of the effectiveness of these
techniques from an I/I reduction and cost benefit aspect has been extremely limited.
Summary/Accomplishments:
The final document was a summary evaluation report which documented the evaluation process,
provided recommendations concerning the use of sanitary sewer rehabilitation products, and
summarized the findings on the effectiveness and costs of various approaches of sewer
rehabilitation. It is intended that this report may serve as a guide by various municipalities to
design their I/I and SSO control program.
The survey of existing rehabilitation approaches and techniques has been completed and an
extensive history of past performance of engineers/municipalities, along with rehabilitation
criteria, has also been documented. The specific rehabilitation approaches and techniques
addressed including a detailed descriptions of the findings was included in the final report.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5409/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Urban Solid Waste Management Videos
EPA Grant Number: R825427C006
Subproject: this is subproject number 006 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Urban Solid Waste Management Videos
Investigators: John Sutherlin
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: July 1, 1998 through November 1, 1999
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
The project entitled "Urban Solid Waste Management Video Series" consisted of documenting
on film the successful solid waste management efforts of the municipalities (i.e., Shreveport,
Alexandria, Monroe, Baton Rouge and Lafayette) throughout the state of Louisiana. Although
the majority of the background research has taken place at the University of New Orleans'
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, there was some time dedicated to adapting
those efforts to make understandable how public works departments in the municipalities around
the state conduct themselves.
The goal of this project was the production of eight (8) 27-minute videos that focus on successful
programs, and why these programs work and others do not. For example, Baton Rouge has
developed one of the best business recycling programs in all of the Gulf South. Lafayette is
considered to have the model for composting. This video series will explain how they were able
to achieve this and how other communities can learn from their experiences.
The focus of the series was to present a summary of the issues and options that cities, regardless
of budget, politics or geography, must consider when developing a comprehensive solid waste
management policy. The series has been widely used by major waste haulers in the US and
throughout all major cities in North America to supplement their policy objectives. Additionally,
more educators and policy makers from 20 countries around the world have used the series to
increase their understanding of American solid waste management.
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Episode 1 Waste Generation & Characterization
Episode 2 Waste Collection, Transfer and Disposal (including incineration)
Episode 3 Business Waste Reduction
Episode 4 Residential Recycling
Episode 5 Composting
Episode 6 Special Wastes (i.e., tires, white goods, household hazardous waste)
Episode 7 Regionalization
Episode 8 Conclusions & Summary
The goal here was to document the successes and explain how those efforts can work elsewhere.
Thus, prior to the studio production work (both filming and editing), a script for each video was
written and all of the footage for the videos was shot. Graphics, charts and all animation was
developed as required for each episode. However, all music and format material (such as the
building of the stage) was completed before the in-studio production begins. Once the filming of
the videos began, all episodes was produced in the order below. Before final production was
completed, a time-slot for public television viewing was selected. Then, editing and
voice-dubbing was performed as needed. Finally, the video-series were shown "in-house" at a
public gathering with state-wide waste experts and then through public television both locally
and state-wide. Notices about the series were forwarded to municipalities throughout the Gulf
South first, and then to the rest of the US.
The information presented in the videos was based on interviews with directors of waste
programs (i.e., Recycling Coordinator of East Baton Rouge Parish), engineers (i.e., BFI and
Waste Management) projects and reports. For each video, a script was written and approved
before the information contained in that script was filmed. After the filming, the information
presented in the videos was again checked for accuracy and completeness. All narration and
graphics was provided by professionals in the field and checked for both content and style.
Summary/Accomplishments:
The result of this project was the dissemination of information concerning the best solid waste
management, which should impact how all urban communities in the region deal with such
issues. The video series was broadcast through local and state public television stations and
made available through the Urban Waste Management & Research Center. Additionally, public
stations in Waco, Texas and Louisville, Kentucky showed the series. The film series was
promoted and distributed through the www.uwmrc.org web site and through press releases
through the Environmental News Network. More than 7,500 episodes were distributed to more
than 100 US cities and more than 20 countries around the world. The UWMRC also partnered
with Films for Humanities & Sciences to distribute the series to educators around the US. Their
outlets serve more than 30,000 educators in the US.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5410/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
EPA Grant Number: R825427C007
Subprojcct: this is subproject number 007 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: UWMRC Community Outreach Multimedia Exhibit
Investigators: Gianna M. Cothren
Institution ^University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: October 1, 1998 through June 30, 1999
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
One of the responsibilities of the Urban Waste Management and Research Center is to provoke
community involvement in the Center's research activities in municipal solid waste management,
water quality, and urban air quality projects. A modernized method of making the research
activities available to a wide variety and greater number of participants is to provide visually
enhanced, fully automated access to the material generated by the Center. This wealth of
knowledge has been made accessible to all interested users via CD ROM or Web access.
The use of electronic technology is a powerfully effective method of reaching the public with
scientific information to promote community involvement and education of the Center's mission.
The overall objective of this project is to produce a visually enhanced multimedia documentation
of past research activities and current research initiatives undertaken by the UWMRC. This
exhibit combines text, graphics, audio, and video into one informative, interactive review session
of the Center's research efforts.
All existing documentation listed in the annual reports in the form of technical reports,
publications in conference proceedings and scientific journals, slide presentations, and poster
presentations were to be compiled in a searchable electronic bibliography that is linked to the
actual report in cybernetic form. The exhibit is designed using hyper-text markup language
(html) and experienced best with a Web browser like Netscape Navigator™ or Microsoft
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Explorer™. Users without a browser can open the file without with a word processing package;
however, the html coding will appear. The exhibit can be accessed directly from the CD or from
the UWMRC web address.
The three areas of research (i.e., municipal solid waste management, water quality, and urban air
quality) provide a link to the appropriate material in the bibliography. The program is designed
using HTML and popular desktop software and is published with an HTML index page on CD
ROM and as a Web site on the internet. The specific tasks involved in the development of this
program are: (1) Compiling all previous reports and presentations in standard electronic format,
(2) providing the bibliography in five formats, (3) automating hyper-linked slide presentations,
(4) provide options for downloading the electronic bibliography or opening on screen to search
with a simple to use search engine, (5) develop a multimedia tour of the center's mission,
facilities, and current research initiatives as a hyper-link from the home page, (6) produce an
instruction/distribution folder and 100 copies of the CD for distribution.
Summary/Accomplishments:
This multimedia exhibit is a compilation of the Urban Waste Management and Research Center's
recent and past technical reports and publications, presentations, and community outreach
initiatives into one informative electronic bibliography and multimedia tour. It is an outreach
opportunity.that provides the public with a complete knowledge of the Center's mission and
accomplishments. The electronic database is an excellent tool for researchers in the scientific
community who are interested in municipal solid waste management, water quality, and urban
air quality. These CD's will be distributed at conferences and public meetings for participants to
take back to the office, access the information, and share it with other colleagues.
All of the documents available in the storage facility for UWMRC publications were surveyed
and many of the documents were scanned in. Only the abstract or executive summary of the
larger documents were scanned. One major problem encountered during this project was that
hard copies of only a few of the references from the annual reports were available in the Center's
library. Only a few of the electronic copies of the UWMRC reports and papers were available.
Therefore, all of the references in the database do not have a link to the complete document.
The final deliverable is in the form of a CD. The CD is included along with this report.
Additionally, the database can be accessed on the website at http://www.uwmrc.org .
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5402/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into
Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
EPA Grant Number: R825427C008
Subproject: this is subproject number 008 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Including New Technology into the Investigation of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into
Storm Drainage Systems - A User's Guide
Investigators: Donald Barbe, Robert E. Pitt, Melinda Marsh Lalor
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: July 1, 1998 through December 31, 1999
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
This project investigated previously developed methods used to identify sources of contaminants
in storm drainage systems, plus a review of emerging techniques that may also be useful. The
original methods, along with selected new procedures, were tested. The original methods are still
recommended as the most useful procedure for identifying contamination of storm drainage
systems, with the possible addition of specific tests for E. coli and enterococci and UV
absorbance at 228 nm. Most newly emerging methods require exotic equipment and unusual
expertise and are therefore not very available, especially at low cost and with fast turn-around
times for the analyses. These emerging methods may therefore be more useful for special
research projects than for routine screening of storm drainage systems.
Urban stormwater runoff includes waters from many other sources which find their way into
storm drainage systems, besides from precipitation. There are cases where pollutant levels in
storm drainage are much higher than they would otherwise be because of excessive amounts of
contaminants that are introduced into the storm drainage system by various non-stormwater
discharges. Additionally, baseflows (during dry weather) are also common in storm drainage
systems. Dry-weather flows and wet-weather flows have been monitored during numerous urban
runoff studies. These studies have found that discharges observed at outfalls during dry weather
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were significantly different from wet-weather discharges and may account for the majority of the
annual discharges for some pollutants of concern from the storm drainage system.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Detergent measurements (using methylene blue active substance, MBAS, test methods) were the
most successful individual tracer to indicate contaminated water in storm sewerage dry-weather
flows. Unfortunately, the MBAS method uses hazardous chloroform for an extraction step.
Different detergent components, especially linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) and linear
alkylbenzenes (LAB), have also been tried to indicate sewage dispersal patterns in receiving
waters. Boron, a major historical ingredient of laundry chemicals, can also potentially be used.
Boron has the great advantage of being relatively easy to analyze using portable field test kits,
while LAS requires chromatographic equipment. LAS can be measured using HPLC with
fluorescent detection, after solid phase extraction, to very low levels. Fujita, et al. (1998)
developed an efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting LAS at levels
from 20 to 500 |lg/L.
Laboratory tests were conducted using many sewage and laundry detergent samples and found
that the boron test was a poor indicator of sewage, possibly due to changes in formulations in
modern laundry detergents. Other laboratory tests found that fluorescence was an excellent
indicator ofsewage, especially when using specialized "detergent whitener" filter sets, but was
not very repeatable. We also examined several UV absorbance wavelengths as sewage indicators
and found excellent correlations with 228 nm, a wavelength having very little background
absorbance in local spring waters, but with a strong response factor with increasing strengths of
sewage. We recommend that our originally developed and tested protocol still be used as the
most efficient routine indicator of sewage contamination of stormwater drainage systems, with
the possible addition of specific E. coli and enterococci measurements and UV absorbance at 228
nm. The numerous exotic tests requiring specialized instrumentation and expertise reviewed in
this paper do not appear to warrant their expense and long analytical turn-around times, except in
specialized research situations.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5411/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model Development of
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
EPA Grant Number: R825427C009
Subproject: this is subproject number 009, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Investigation of Hydraulic Characteristics and Alternative Model Development of
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
Investigators: Gianna M. Cothren
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: August 1, 1998 through May 1,2001
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
A trend of increasing dispersion with decreasing aspect ratio as a function of width and of
increasing dispersion with increasing flow rate were found in previous work using a bench-scale
model (Cothren, 1996). The objectives of this research are to validate these results relating
dispersion and system characteristics and to perform a complete water balance and hydraulic
characteristic evaluation on a selected full-scale system. The results can then be used to model
the SFCW system with an alternative to the common simple plug flow approach. Specifically,
the objectives of this research are to: 1. Develop a coefficient relating pan evaporation to the
actual evaporation from a SFCW as part of the water balance and hydraulic characteristics
evaluation. 2. Evaluate the hydraulic characteristics of a selected SFCW by performing a water
balance including inflow, outflow, precipitation, evapotranspiration and seepage. 3. Perform
experimental tracer studies an operational SFCW system in Louisiana in order to determine
hydraulic residence time and dispersion number. 4. Verify the trend of increasing dispersion with
decreasing aspect ratio found in previous research. 5. Investigate an alternative model for the
SFCW system that does not neglect the effect of dispersion.
Conclusions: Equations were developed relating evaporation from SFCW media to pan
evaporation. These equations were site specific and seasonally dependent. It can be inferred that
the geographical location of the wetland cell would also affect the relationship due to climate -
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conditions such as wind, solar radiation, ambient temperature and humidity. The equation
developed for the specific media type and for the same season did a reasonably good job of
predicting the evaporation from an unplanted cell, estimating the loss calculated from a water
balance to within 5% where the estimate using Ep directly was 32 % less than the actual. This
method could prove to be a useful tool once enough data is gathered to develop tables of
coefficients for design use. Media type, plant type, geographical location and physical
characteristics of the specific reactor such as shading and wind blockage must be considered.
Seasonal effects are also significant. Even when the reactor is not planted, solar radiation in
conjunction with the reflective/ absorptive characteristics and heat retention capability of the
media cause seasonal differences.
A water balance was performed assuming that there was no loss due to seepage. The imprecision
of the meter used to control inflow, especially at the low flow rate used, may have introduced
some error. Since the inflow and outflow were summed over a long period, any variations in
flow should have averaged out and thus provided a fairly good estimate of the total. A method to
obtain a more accurate estimate of ET is essential since losses from ET can lower the water level
and increase the HRT in a SFCW system, especially in southern climates.
Residence time distribution curves were developed from tracer experiments and were used to
determine mean residence times and longitudinal dispersion numbers for variety of scenarios.
The trend of increasing dispersion with decreasing aspect ratio found in previous research could
not be verified by these results. For the aspect ratios investigated here, no significant relationship
was found. This does not necessarily refute the previous findings. In the prior work, it was found
that the aspect ratio relationship does not become controlling until aspect ratio is lower than 2:1.
This research included only one aspect ratio in this category, so a determination of trend in this
interval was impossible. Also, in the research conducted at bench scale, the aspect ratio was
varied by changing the width. This was not feasible in this study because a variable length was
used. Neither investigation held the volume of the cell constant.
A trend of increasing longitudinal dispersion with increasing interstitial velocity was confirmed
by correlation analysis, yielding a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.93. This trend became
more pronounced at higher velocities. There appears to be a critical velocity where this
relationship intensifies. This finding agrees with the conclusion of the previous bench scale
research. Since the intensification of the relationship between dispersion and velocity appears to
occur at nearly the same velocity that the Reynolds number surpasses the accepted Reynolds
number where turbulent flow develops, the critical velocity mentioned above is likely to coincide
with the transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
The CSTR-in-Series model gave a reasonably good fit for the residence time distributions as the
tracer passed the ports at the near end of the cell. As the distance down the cell increased, the
model underestimated the peak concentrations.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5412/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
EPA Grant Number: R825427C010
Subproject: this is subproject number 010 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fond or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Beneficial Use Of Urban Runoff For Wetland Enhancement
Investigators: Gianna M. Cothren, A. P. Hannoura, J. A. Nyman
Institution: University of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: July 1, 1998 through July 1, 2000
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
The concept of using natural wetlands to reduce nutrient loading to receiving waters is consistent
with national efforts to reduce eutrophication in estuaries. The concept of restoring freshwater
inflows to estuarine wetlands, artificially isolated from historic freshwater inflows, is also
consistent with national efforts to restore critical estuarine wildlife and fisheries habitat.
Simultaneously mitigating nutrient loading to estuarine waters and losses of historic freshwater
inflows to estuarine wetlands is central to the Center's mission that includes research in seeking
alternative methods for managing wastes.
The Coastal Wetland Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA), approved by the
U.S. Congress in 1990 provides support for constructing and monitoring projects aimed at
restoring coastal marshes nationwide. In Louisiana, a project utilizing urban runoff to restore
freshwater inflow to an estuarine marsh was approved (LDNR, 1995). CWPPRA uses aerial
photography, habitat mapping, spatial analysis, vegetation sampling, and water chemistry
sampling to determine the effects of increasing urban runoff on environmental quality in the
marsh. Simultaneous determination of the effectiveness of the marsh at treating the urban storm
water runoff is needed to guide urban wastewater managers, but is beyond the scope of
CWPPRA's monitoring activities. Design and maintenance of wetland systems for treating urban
runoff depends upon sediment and nutrient fluxes through the system. Nutrient source/sink rates
in a wetland system will lead to potential loading rates obtainable for treatment of urban runoff
and wetland restoration. Types of data needed to better understand the role of wetlands in
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nutrient dynamics in general include nutrient input sources and rates, and nutrient sinks and
rates, but are unavailable.
The objectives of this research are to establish a mass balance for the discharging of urban
runoff, establish nutrient fluxes in a naturally occurring estuarine wetland, and to establish
nutrient and sediment storage rates in a naturally occurring estuarine wetland receiving urban
runoff. Water discharge, nutrient flux, and long-term storage rates of nutrients and sediments for
the Fritchie Marsh are to be determined. Collectively, these data will be used to demonstrate that
the marsh is improving water quality, to quantify nutrient and sediment loading rates, and to
quantify the long-term nutrient and sediment storage rates.
Data collection prior to construction of the CWWPRA project has been completed. The original
LDNR construction date was scheduled for November 1998. Construction was placed on hold
because a landowner had qualms about having his property included in the agreement.
Construction was repeatedly delayed and was last expected to begin by the end of September
1999, but did not. Therefore the post project monitoring phase to complete the technical
objectives of this project was never performed. Considering the construction delay problems that
hindered post construction monitoring; it is premature to outline any conclusions regarding the
effectiveness of the urban runoff enhancement of the Fritchie Marsh Area.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Accretion in Fritchie Marsh averaged 0.63 cm/yr with the northern site accretion averaging 0.53
cm/yr and the accretion at the southern site averaging 0.84 cm/yr. This difference between
northern and southern sites suggests that a shallow, active fault runs through Fritchie Marsh.
Such faults are common in coastal Louisiana in general and around Lake Pontchartrain. The bulk
density estimates were combined with the vertical accretion estimates to determine the rate at
which material is being stored in marsh soil at the two sites. Storage averaged 1.3 kg m"2 yr"1 at
the northern site and 1.6 kg m"2 yr"1 at the southern site which is probably related to the more
rapid subsidence at the southern site induced by the fault. The Fritchie marsh stores an annual
average of 5,872 kg/acre. Extrapolated over the entire Fritchie Marsh area, it appears that this
site stores slightly over 6 million kg of material annually.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5413/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling
EPA Grant Number: R825427C011
Subproject: this is subproject number 011, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R825427 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Urban Waste Management and Research Center (University New Orleans)
Center Director: Kenneth McManis
Title: Urban Storm and Waste Water Outfall Modeling
Investigators: J. A. McCorquodale
InstitutionLUniversity of New Orleans
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: January 15, 1998 through January 15,2001
Research Category: Urban Waste Management & Research Center
Description:
In 1985, an advisory discouraging swimming and other primary contact recreational activities in
Lake Pontchartrain was issued by the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (LDHH).
This advisory names fecal coliform (FC) bacteria as the causative pollutant and is still in effect
today for the south shore area of the lake as mandated by the LDHH in conjunction with the
Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ).
A water quality shoreline study in the area affected by the advisory was initiated in September of
1998 and continued until 2001. Five sites that are or were at one time used for primary and
secondary contact recreation were selected for study. Two of the sites represent outlets of urban
runoff drainage canals while the others are beach or recreational park areas found near the
canals. The parameters measured at these sites are FC, salinity, conductivity, water temperature,
nitrogen as ammonia, total nitrogen as nitrite/nitrate, total phosphorus, phosphorus as
ortho-phosphate, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids and pH. This project
confirmed that fecal contamination at four out of five sites along the south shore of Lake
Pontchartrain is caused by urban runoff discharged to the lake via a drainage system of
collection sewers, pumping stations and canals. The flows and ambient conditions of this system
result in slowly spreading outfall plumes characterized by shore reattachment and low dilution.
The fifth site had a signature that indicated an active source other than storm water runoff.
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Modeling of the outfall plumes is needed for delineating shoreline contamination and
investigating possible remediation. Integral type numerical models for neutral-density and
surface-buoyant discharges have been developed for discharge from wide aspect ratio drainage
channels. The models presented were calibrated using laboratory results and verified with field
data from the south shore site on Lake Pontchartrain. The outfall model was coded in
FORTRAN with a Visual Basic interface. Neutral density and buoyant density models were
developed. These models solve the continuity, conservation of momentum, mass conservation
and buoyancy conservation equations subject to a user defined canal effluent and ambient lake
conditions. The models used the longshore currents from the RMA2 model of Haralampides
(2000) as well as drifter data from Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation (LBPF).
The primary objective of this project was to develop an outfall model that would complement the
CORMIX 2 model by including outfalls with aspect ratios greater than 4. A secondary objective
was to document the role of storm and ambient water mixing in the drainage canal in the overall
dilution process.
Summary/Accomplishments:
Evidence was found that urban stormwater discharges to this south shore area of the lake are a
source of nutrients and solids as well as pathogens (as indicated by FC bacteria).
Cross-contamination of the stormwater runoff effluents by sanitary sewer flows is a suspected
source of pathogens, nutrients and solids. The FC bacteria, ammonia and total nitrogen as
nitrite/nitrate data collected in the shoreline monitoring program confirmed that the near field
dilution (up to 30 channel widths) of the drainage canal plumes is very low, of the order of 2:1 to
5:1.
This project clearly established a statistical relationship between the occurrence of rainfalls in
excess of 0.5 inches and fecal coliform (FC) contamination of the shoreline near the urban
stormwater outfalls at four out of five sites that were studied.
A product of this project is a predictive model to aid design engineers and environmental
managers in assessing the near and intermediate field impacts of existing and proposed outfalls
with aspect ratio > 3 which is not available in CORMIX. The integral version of the outfall
model has a VB6 user interface. This software and a User's Guide for the integral models have
been included with this report.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/5414/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
EPA Grant Number: R827015
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Investigators: Kerry Sublette
Institution: University of Tulsa
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period: October 1,1998 through September 30, 2003
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
The Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC) is a consortium of four universities
in Oklahoma and Arkansas: The University of Tulsa (TU), The University of Oklahoma (OU),
Oklahoma State University (OSU), and The University of Arkansas (UA) at Fayetteville. The
fiscal center of IPEC is the University of Tulsa. The consortium has the following specific
objectives:
Development of new, cost-effective technologies for the solution of environmental problems in
the petroleum industry to improve the competitiveness of the industry
Dissemination of information regarding state-of-the-art petroleum environmental technology,
new technology development, and legal and regulatory issues which can impact the
competitiveness of the domestic petroleum industry.
The strategic and economic importance of this industry requires that industry, government and
academia combine their resources and coordinate their efforts toward finding solutions for the
environmental problems that represent the greatest challenge to the competitiveness of the
domestic petroleum industry. The success of this effort will not only stimulate jobs in this
industry sector, but also contribute in a large way to the environmental health of the nation. In
response to this need, the four major research universities in the oil-producing states of
Oklahoma and Arkansas have joined together to form the Integrated Petroleum Environmental
Consortium (IPEC). The mission of IPEC is to increase the competitiveness of the domestic
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petroleum industry through a reduction in the costs of compliance with U.S. environmental
regulations. Objectives specific to meeting the goals of the consortium include the following:
1 .Development of cost-effective technologies to meet the challenges of environmental
regulations to the competitiveness of the domestic petroleum industry.
2.Dissemination of information regarding state-of-the-art petroleum environmental technology,
new technology development, and legal and regulatory issues which can impact the
competitiveness of the domestic petroleum industry
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999
Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
EPA Grant Number: R827015C001
Subproject: this is subproject number 001 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Evaluation of Road Base Material Derived from Tank Bottom Sludges
Investigators: John N. Veenstra, Dee Ann Sanders, Donald R. Snethen
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
The purpose of the proposed research is to investigate the potential of using tank bottom sludge
in combination with different aggregate to form an acceptable road base material. There are four
specific goals. (1) Evaluate the properties of various aggregate/tank bottom sludge mixtures for
suitability as road base material. (2) Compare the properties of the aggregate/tank bottom sludge
mixtures to certain grades of asphalt emulsions. (3) Assess the potential for leaching of metals
and hydrocarbons from the aggregate/tank bottom sludge road base material. (4) Provide
recommendations on design/construction for road base material using tank bottom sludges.
The study will focus on determining the general quality of road base material for secondary
and/or low traffic volume roads that can be made using crude oil tank bottom sludges. Initial
studies will be concerned with characterizing the properties of the tank bottoms for commonly
used asphalt emulsions characterizations. Additionally, the tank bottoms will be subjected to
environmental analysis to characterize the potential for release of hazardous compounds from the
finished asphalt road base.
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Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1841/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Project Period Concluded
Reports: 1999
Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing
Petrochemicals
EPA Grant Number: R827015C002
Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) for Bioavailability Screening of Soils Containing
Petrochemicals
Investigators: Roman Lanno, Kathleen Duncan
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
Although total petrochemical levels in different soils may be similar on a chemical basis,
biological responses may vary over 100-fold due to differing physical and chemical
characteristics of the soil that affect chemical bioavailability. For example, organic matter
content differs among soils and will sorb nonpolar compounds, reducing their bioavailabilty to
soil organisms. This project examines the issue of bioavailability of hydrocarbons in soils. Due
to the partitioning behavior of hydrocarbons in soil, total hydrocarbon measures (e.g., TPH)
overestimate the amount of hydrocarbon that is actually available for degradation by microbes
during bioremediation or for toxic action on soil-dwelling organisms. The bioavailability of
chemicals in soils can be estimated indirectly by measuring toxicity to soil invertebrates or
microbial activity, or directly by measuring the amount of chemical present in soil organisms.
The objective of this study is to correlate various chemical measures of hydrocarbon availability
in soil (e.g., TPH, semi-permeable membrane device uptake, solid-phase microextraction
measures) with biological measures of bioavailability (e.g., microbial activity, types of microbes
present, earthworm toxicity and bioaccumulation). These measurements will be conducted in the
field at sites at the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve, Pawhuska, OK. Sites here have been subject to oil
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spills in Feb. 1999 and 1991, providing a dramatic gradient in total hydrocarbon.
The ultimate goal of this research is to develop sensitive chemical measures of hydrocarbon
bioavailability that are well correlated with and can reduce reliance on the more expensive and
time-consuming biological measures of bioavailability.
Progress and Final Reports:
1999 Progress Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/iuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/1843/report/1999
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation of Brine-Impacted
Soil
EPA Grant Number: R827015C003
Subproject: this is subproject number 003 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Demonstration of a Subsurface Drainage System for the Remediation of Brine-Impacted
Soil
Investigators: Thomas M. Harris, John N. Veenstra
Institution: University of Tulsa
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
Oilfield brine-impacted soil is the most common environmental problem associated with oil
production in Oklahoma. Salt causes the outright death of plants, and the consequent erosion of
topsoil. Also, brine-impacted soil serves to contaminate surface waters and shallow aquifers. In
addition to these issues, the remediation of brine-impacted soil may be motivated by lease
agreements, federal and state regulations, landowner claims, and the fear of long-term liability.
At the present time, the most common remediation strategy applied to brine-impacted soil is
in-situ chemical amendment (ISCA), in which gypsum, manure and/or other materials are added
to the soil to restore its permeability and fertility. Of course, this strategy is inappropriate when
groundwater must be protected from contamination. At the same time, the ISCA approach will
fail if the salt is unable to migrate downward through the soil profile. Such conditions exist, for
example, in the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in Oklahoma; the subsoil is naturally impermeable in
this region. A field demonstration of a subsurface drainage system that has been operating in the
Preserve since December, 1997, features disposal of the salty leachate in an existing injection
well.
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The project proposed below, which concerns the further development of subsurface drainage
systems for brine-impacted soil remediation, has two objectives. The first is to evaluate
innovative uses of limestone gravel in the drainage, for the purpose of reducing installation costs,
and extending this technology to "historical" spill sites (i.e. where much of the topsoil has been
eroded). The second objective is to demonstrate the use of a solar evaporation pond for
crystallizing the salt from the leachate, so that it may be disposed of at minimal cost. Such ponds
should allow subsurface drainage to be applied at sites where an injection well is not available.
Gravel is commonly employed in subsurface drainage systems to limit the accumulation of
sediment in the drainage pipes. If limestone gravel is employed, it may also serve to enhance the
permeability of the surrounding soil, by providing the calcium ions required to counteract the
sodicity of the brine-impacted soil. Combining sulfur with the limestone should allow the
calcium carbonate to be converted (through the action of soil microbes) to the more soluble
calcium sulfate. In addition to the treatment of contemporary spills, these strategies will be
considered for the treatment historical spills, where "clean" topsoil applied to the site must be
protected from the upward migration of salt during periods of dryness.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
EPA Grant Number: R827015C004
Subproject: this is subproject number 004, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Anaerobic Intrinsic Bioremediation of Whole Gasoline
Investigators: Joseph Suflita
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
The business practice of relying on intrinsic bioremediation for the removal of spilt gasoline
hydrocarbons (HCs) in the environment is a major regulatory issue influencing Risk Based
Corrective Action (RBCA) assessments. Intrinsic bioremediation offers promise for the
restoration of gasoline-tainted environments with minimal intervention and, therefore, cost to
achieve regulatory compliance. However, assessments of intrinsic gasoline bioremediation have
generally only focused on the so called BTEX-HC (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene
isomers). While the anaerobic bioconversion of BTEX is becoming more widely accepted,
regulatory attention is shifting toward the fate of these HC in the presence of other gasoline
components. Additionally, the prospects for the microbial metabolism of the non-BTEX HC is
also attracting increased regulatory scrutiny. A full appreciation of the prospects for the intrinsic
bioremediation of BTEX and other gasoline components is lacking. Further, there is no
consensus on the most reliable method of assessing the intrinsic anaerobic bioremediation of HC.
Lastly, field evidence for the intrinsic bioremediation of HC,if often indirect and generally relies
on inferences based on measured geochemical parameters. A more direct indication of HC decay
may possibly be obtained through the use of biomarkers. However, information on the use of
biomarkers to assess anaerobic HC decay is simply lacking.
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This project will address each of the aforementioned issues by investigating the anaerobic
bioconversion of whole gasoline using sediment samples (as inocula) obtained from an IPEC
research site in Ft. Lupton, CO known to exhibit the anaerobic intrinsic bioremediation of HCs.
This site is easily the most active location we have worked with to date with respect to intrinsic
anaerobic HC decay. Moreover, the site is accessible and the focus of ongoing sponsored (DOE)
collaborative investigations among investigators from IPEC institutions into the prospects for
intrinsic HC remediation. To compare the importance of adaptation experiments will be repeated
with material sampled from the Norman landfill site. The latter site is a benchmark for many
studies in the literature and represents a well characterized location that is not chronically
exposed to HC.
As noted, this project is designed to investigate the anaerobic biodegradation of whole gasoline,
rather than Individual components or classes of HCs. Specifically it will address 1) the anaerobic
removal of BTEX hydrocarbons in the presence of other HC co-contaminants, 2) the influence of
alternate electron acceptors on the processes identified under item 1 above, 3) the prospects for
the biodegradation of non-BTEX HCs, 4) the development of biomarkers as indicators of
anaerobic HC decay, and 4) the influence of microbial adaptation processes on the items 1-3. To
these ends, the project will monitor the consumption of electron acceptors and/or the production
of metabolic endproducts (i.e. methane or hydrogen sulfide) as appropriate. Specifically,
gasoline biodegradation will be examined under denitrifying, iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing,
and methanogenic conditions. This information will be coupled with information on the removal
of potential electron donors through the simultaneous monitoring of at least 55 HCs using
GCYMS analysis. The experiments will be interpreted relative to sterile, HC-unamended, and
positive controls. The experiments will help define the limits associated with anaerobic gasoline
bioremediation, provide an assessment of gasoline decay under realistic conditions, and allow for
the development of new biomarker indications of the anaerobic intrinsic remediation of gasoline.
The proposed research is highly relevant from a societal standpoint. A more complete
understanding of the mechanisms of intrinsic bioremediation could make this business practice a
common and even preferred remedial option when performing Risk Based Corrective Action
analysis or proposing a corrective action plan for any HC-tainted site. There are literally tens of
thousands of production wells, tank batteries, and surface and underground storage tanks where
leaks have and are occurring in the US. At any site where groundwater is contaminated or
threatened by these leaks, predictions based on our results could be used to prioritize the
locations needing immediate remedial action. By focusing precious resources on locations where
the threat is more acute, a savings will be realized both in terms of financial resources and in
terms of rational environmental policy.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
EPA Grant Number: R827015C005
Subproject: this is subproject number 005 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Microflora Involved in Phytoremediation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
Investigators: David P. Nagle, John S. Fletcher
Institution:-University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a major class of recalcitrant industrial pollutants
and are a significant byproduct of coal, chemical, and petroleum processing and refining. PAHs
are concentrated in food chains, are toxic, and some (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene) are recognized
mutagens and carcinogens. The EPA guidelines for containment and control of PAH compounds
have become more and more strict. Older disposal methods, such as lagooning, are no longer
acceptable in the long term. Phytoremediation has the potential to be applied m a "living cap" of
plants and associated microorganisms which will alleviate pollution in the medium term (tens of
years). The costs of such waste treatment are far below those required for installation of an
impermeable cap or incineration of contaminated soil. In this project data from a Texas City
Union Carbide Corp. PAH site will be used in evaluating the potential for use of
Phytoremediation of PAHs. It should be possible to predict what plants will be favorable for
stimulating microbial biodegradation of PAHs, and to design test protocols for additional
contaminated sites. The proposed research also encompasses many basic questions, such as what
influences the interactions between roots and microorganisms. The answers to such questions
may be exploited in the long term in other bioremediation schemes.
Union Carbide Corporation is committed to environmentally-friendly remediation of its plants.
The Texas City PAH site is a remnant of old containment practices. When it became apparent
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that the vegetation contributed to improvement of the site (conversion of waste to soil and
decrease in PAH levels in the soil), Union Carbide began to support basic research into the
processes that had occurred. They provided historical data, aerial photographs, and other
information, such that the history of the site could be reconstructed over the 20-year period in
which the vegetation developed, and provided unlimited access to the site for research purposes.
Carbide has been very pro-active in implementing bioremediation schemes for PAH
contamination. In the spring of 1997 they planted two 17-acre PAH-impacted sites at the Texas
City plant as a test of different plant species as potential phytoremediators. These sites will also
be very useful in studies of the microflora that develops in a newly begun phytoremediation
systems. In fact, they may be a model of the original PAH-contaminated site during its early
years of vegetation and microflora development.
The proposed research is a two-year study of microorganisms from an industrial research area
which is contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The site has been populated
with native plants through a process of natural succession over a period of 15 to 20 years.
Chemical characterization of samples shows that PAH concentrations increase with depth, and in
areas of the site which now contain mature trees the regions of lower concentration are deeper
than in nearby grassy areas. The results lead to a hypothesis that trees and microflora have acted
in concert to bioremediate soil contaminants in the root region, suggesting that it is critical to
study what has happened and what is happening in to the pollutants in the field. This contrasts to
the approach of a pure laboratory study followed by attempts to introduce new technology to the
field. If it is true that the plant-microbe system has accelerated the biodegradation of PAHs, then
analysis of a field site should be the most rapid route to planned implementation of
phytoremediation.
Studies on the microflora from the PAH-impacted site and their relationship to plants growing
there will utilize both classical microbiology and molecular biology methods. Plant and chemical
analysis work is now being complemented by an extensive quantitative and qualitative
characterization of bacteria in different vegetated regions and at different depths of the field site.
To date, counts of total bacteria, as well as of bacteria apparently capable of using PAHs
(naphthalene, phenanthrene, or pyrene) as carbon/energy source have been performed. Analysis
of the data is not yet complete, but it is already clear that the number of bacteria decreases
dramatically at the interface between soil and PAH-containing sludge. In bulk samples of soil
beneath grassy or tree-containing regions there is no significant difference in bacterial numbers
between samples taken at corresponding depths. What has not been tested is the local region
around the roots themselves.
Two hundred bacterial strains were isolated, with PAH as sole carbon and energy source. Partial
characterization (staining, physiological tests) indicates that these PAH-degraders are diverse:
both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, representing many genera were found. A subset
of these strains was tested for the presence of plasmids (extrachromosomal genetic elements).
Certain plasmids provide metabolic abilities on their hosts, and some are known to permit
metabolism of PAHs. of our strains, some but not all contain plasmids, whose functions are not
yet known. It is possible to conclude, however, that PAH utilization is not exclusively
plasmid-coded.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
EPA Grant Number: R827015C006
Subproject: this is subproject number 006, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fond or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Microbial Treatment of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)
Investigators: Lee R. Krumholz, Mark Hasegawa
Institution: University of Oklahoma
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
Radioactive material has been known to be associated with both oil and gas deposits for many
years. The presence of NORM at oil production facilities has recently increased in significance
as federal and state regulatory agencies lay out more stringent guidelines for dealing with it. It
will therefore influence Risk based decision making and the overall economics of oil production.
hi this proposal, we outline a plan to develop a technique for the dissolution of radioactive scale
associated with oil production equipment. More specifically, we intend to design an anaerobic
microbiological treatment process that will specifically dissolve radium sulfate which has
precipitated on equipment in contact with oil production waters. By consuming sulfate and
converting it to sulfide, sulfate reducing microorganisms will draw the relatively insoluble
radium sulfate into solution as Ra2+. The radium then in solution could be transferred to another
vessel where it will be re-precipitated and concentrated as the sulfate or carbonate salt for
eventual disposal. The result will be the removal of radioactive material from large pieces of
functional equipment with its transfer to a smaller more easily disposed of and less costly vessel.
Because barium is very similar to radium in its specific ligand interactions, barium can be used
as a surrogate for radium. However, all studies will be verified with radium salts and naturally
occurring radium scale from oil production equipment.
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We will initially focus on (1) optimizing the microbiological conditions needed for the
dissolution of radium scale; (2) development of a microbiological system scaled for the treatment
of contaminated tools, casings and vessels; (3) optimization of a chemical treatment system
using carbonate or sulfate salts for re-precipitating and concentrating radium out of solution for
subsequent disposal. These experiments over the short period will generate the initial results
needed to determine the viability and cost as well as design a pilot scale system for the use of
microbial treatment in dealing with radium containing scale on metal and plastic surfaces.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
EPA Grant Number: R827015C007
Subproject: this is subproject number 007 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R827015 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: IPEC - University of Tulsa (TU)
Center Director: Kerry Sublette
Title: Using Plants to Remediate Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Investigators: Greg Thoma, Duane Wolf, Craig Beyrouty
InstitutionLUniversity of Arkansas at Fayetteville
EPA Project Officer: Bala S. Krishnan
Project Period:
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Integrated Petroleum Environmental Consortium (IPEC)
Description:
Numerous techniques exist for remediating hydrocarbon contaminated soils. Most of these are
expensive and labor intensive, often requiring significant disturbance of the soil to achieve clean
up. Thousands of oil drilling rigs remain in operation to delay remediation because current
technology is cost prohibitive. Phytoremediation is a process that uses actively growing plant
roots to stimulate a diverse population of soil microorganisms, some of which have the capability
to metabolize hydrocarbon contaminants. This process is relatively non-invasive, does not
require extensive capital investment, and can enhance soil properties. Using plants and the
associated rhizosphere (soil adjacent to roots) microorganisms to enhance biodegradation of
petroleum contaminants may provide a low-cost option well suited to many sites. The goal of
phytoremediation is to increase the remediation rate and to lower the contaminant concentration
to an acceptable level.
As environmental control costs spiral and penalties for errors of judgment become more severe,
environmental quality management increasingly needs analytical tools founded in an
understanding of the processes affecting that quality. The extreme complexity of
soil-plant-microbe system makes it apparent that the use of simulation models to help summarize
and interpret experimental results, and provide a means of transferring experimental results to
unstudied situations, is an important aspect of the growing field of phytoremediation. Thus the
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proposed research is intended to assess the potential of phytoremediation for clean up of
petroleum contaminated soil through carefully designed laboratory, field, and mathematical
modeling efforts. The research consists of two experimental components that will provide
validation data for the modeling study. First, we will survey and collect plant species currently
growing on contaminated sites and assess the plants and rhizosphere microorganisms for their
ability to enhance biodegradation of petroleum contaminants in laboratory and greenhouse
studies. Using information from the on-site survey and data from the other studies, we will
conduct field studies to evaluate the appropriate plants and management systems to enhance
phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated sites.
When completed, the research will provide guidance in the management of phytoremediation
projects nationwide.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final Report
How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
EPA Grant Number: R828112C046
Subproject: this is subproject number 046, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages
the overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: How Do Chemicals in Diesel Engine Exhaust Damage DNA?
Investigators: Frederick A. Beland
Institution: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Approach:
Dr. Beland used state-of-the-art techniques to study DNA adducts formed from 1-nitropyrene
under different conditions of exposure, with an emphasis on identifying unique adducts that had
not been recognized before. First, he synthesized metabolites (products of biotransformation) of
1-nitropyrene that might form naturally in living cells. He then characterized the kinds of
adducts found when these metabolites were combined with DNA in a test tube or with animal
cells in culture. This information indicated which metabolic pathways might be important for the
carcinogenic activity of 1-nitropyrene. He also studied the types of DNA adducts formed in rat
and mouse organs in which tumors have been found after 1-nitropyrene treatment.
Objective:
High doses of inhaled diesel engine exhaust cause cancer in laboratory animals. Because of
potential risks to human health, The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 require reductions in
diesel engine emissions from motor vehicles.
Many chemicals in diesel engine exhaust can damage DNA, the material that controls the growth
and development of living cells. This damage could lead to the unregulated growth of cells and
possibly result in cancer. One early step in cancer development is thought to be the
transformation of some chemicals, such as those found in diesel-engine exhaust, into substances
that react with DNA. These combinations of chemicals and DNA, known as DNA adducts, may
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change the genetic message and lead to cancer. Identifying and measuring DNA adducts are
important because that should permit scientists to estimate the uptake of diesel engine exhaust
material by individuals. Before researchers can properly interpret the levels of DNA adducts in
humans, more information is needed on how, which, and how many adducts are formed in
laboratory animals after exposure to these chemicals.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report:
Nitropyrenes are a class of chemicals found in diesel engine exhaust that can form DNA adducts
and are suspected animal carcinogens. If nitropyrene adducts could be measured in humans, they
might provide information on the level of diesel material deposited in the lungs of humans and,
perhaps, permit estimates of risk to human health from this exposure. The Health Effects
Institute sponsored the study, summarized here, to examine the relationship between DNA
adducts and cancer in laboratory animals treated with 1-nitropyrene, the major nitropyrene
present in diesel engine exhaust.
Summary/Accomplishments:
When either.animal cells or DNA were treated with the 1-nitropyrene metabolites in the test
tube, unique DNA adducts were detected. However, when rats and mice were treated with
1-nitropyrene at doses that cause cancer, those DNA adducts found in the test tubes and cultured
cells were not found in the animals' tissues. In addition, some of the adducts that were found in
the animals may have been derived from trace amounts of dinitropyrenes, other potent
cancer-causing members of the nitropyrene family that contaminated the 1-nitropyrene sample.
Dinitropyrenes are also found in diesel engine exhaust and other emissions, but at much lower
concentration than 1-nitropyrene. Because dinitropyrene adducts are formed so efficiently from
trace amounts of the parent compound, these adducts may be more reliable indicators of the
amounts of diesel engine emissions deposited in human lungs than 1-nitropyrene adducts.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: Not Applicable
Note: The Health Effects Institute itself is not located in Region 6, but it has quite a few
subprojects that involve organizations within Region 6. For that reason, the main HEI page is
included here as a reference for their mission and funding level.
Health Effects Institute
EPA Grant Number: R828112
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Health Effects Institute
Investigators: Daniel Greenbaum
Institution: Health Effects Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period: April 1, 2000 through March 31, 2005
Project Amount: $18,750,000
Research Category: Health Effects Institute
Description:
The Health Effects Institute (HEI) is an independent, nonprofit corporation chartered in 1980 to
provide high-quality, impartial, and relevant science on the health effects of pollutants from
motor vehicles and from other sources in the environment. Supported jointly by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and industry (manufacturers and marketers of motor
vehicles or engines), HEI has funded over 170 studies and published over 100 Research Reports,
and several Special Reports, producing important research findings on the health effects of a
variety of pollutants, including carbon monoxide, methanol and aldehydes, nitrogen oxides,
diesel exhaust, ozone, and most recently, particulate air pollution.
HEI has also been called upon periodically to produce special reports reviewing an entire area of
scientific literature on topics such as the health effects of asbestos, diesel exhaust, and
oxygenates in fuel.
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To accomplish its mission, HEI:
- Identifies the highest priority areas for health effects research;
- Funds and oversees the conduct of high-quality research in these priority areas;
- Provides intensive, independent review of HEI-supported and related research;
- Integrates HEI's research results with those of other institutions into coherent, broader
evaluations of health effects; and Communicates the results of HEI research and analyses to
public and private decision makers.
The HEI research program has addressed questions about the health effects associated with
exposure to both regulated pollutants such as carbon monoxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide, and
unregulated pollutants such as diesel exhaust, aldehydes, and methanol. HEI has also funded
studies to understand the mechanisms of diseases, to develop better methods to assess health
effects and determine dose response relationships. The program has included theoretical, in vitro,
animal, controlled human exposure, and epidemiological studies.
The center has conducted research in several areas, including: Mobile Source Air toxics - which
includes research on benzene and 1,3-butadiene, mechanisms of carcinogenicity and biomarkers
of dose and effect, and the health effects of aldehydes; Oxygenated Fuels - the comparative
metabolism and health effects of ethers used to increase gasoline oxygen content (MTBE); and
Particulates - health effects of particulate air pollution and potential relationship to increased
daily mortality.
HEI's Board of Directors, chaired by Richard Celeste, consists of public figures in science and
policy who are committed to the public-private partnership that is central to the HEI approach.
The Institute's scientific work is overseen by two independent scientific committees. The Health
Research Committee works with the Institute's scientific staff to develop and manage HEI's
research program. The Health Review Committee which has no role in selecting or overseeing
studies, works with the Institute's scientific staff to evaluate and interpret the results of HEI
studies and related research. HEI's priorities for research and special reviews are guided by the
five-year HEI Strategic Plan, which is reviewed and updated annually after consultations with
HEI sponsors and other interested parties.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
EPA Grant Number: R828112C050
Subproject: this is subproject number 050 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Does Ozone Cause Precancerous Changes in Cells?
Investigators: David G. Thomassen, Jack Harkema, James D. Sun, Nicole D Stephens,. William
C Griffith -
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
Epithelial cells line the airways of the lung. Because most human cancers arise from epithelial
cells, researchers frequently study the changes induced when these cells are treated with
carcinogens (cancer-causing agents). Dr. David Thomassen and coworkers examined the ability
of ozone to alter the structure and growth characteristics of epithelial cells from rat tracheas in
ways consistent with precancerous changes. The frequency of such alterations was counted in rat
tracheal epithelial cells exposed in culture under various conditions: a single 40-minute exposure
to ozone (0.7 or 10 ppm), multiple ozone exposures (0.7 ppm, twice weekly for five weeks), or
exposure to ozone (0.7 ppm) either before or after treatment with the known chemical carcinogen
MNNG. Such alterations were also counted in tracheal epithelial cells removed from rats
exposed to ozone (0.12, 0.5 or 1 ppm) for six hours per day, five days per week, for one to four
weeks.
Ozone is a major component of urban smog. It is a highly reactive gas formed when emissions
from mobile and industrial sources react in the presence of sunlight. The current National
Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone is 0.12 parts per million (ppm), and compliance requires
that this level not be exceeded for more than one hour once per year. Presently, at least one-third
of the population of the United States lives in areas that do not comply with the ozone standard.
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In addition to concerns about the effects of ozone on lung function, researchers have questioned
whether ozone has the potential to produce changes in airway cells that could result in cancer.
The Health Effects Institute sponsored the present study to determine whether ozone exposure
might influence a critical step in the development of lung cancer by increasing the frequency of
early, precancerous changes in cells.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2314/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
EPA Grant Number: R828112C058
Subproject: this is subproject number 058 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Illness in Children
Investigators: Jonathan M. Samet, John D. Spengler, William L. Lambert, Betty J. Skipper,
Alice H. Gushing, William C. Hunt, Stephen A. Young, Leroy C. McLaren, Margo Schwab,
William E. Lambert
Institution: Harvard School of Public Health, University of New Mexico
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Oxide
Description:
Drs. Jonathan M. Samet, John D. Spengler, and colleagues conducted a prospective investigation
of 1,205 health infants living in homes with gas or electric stoves in Albuquerque, NM. Nitrogen
dioxide exposures were carefully estimated from repeated measurements in multiple locations in
the subjects' homes throughout the entire 18-month observation period. Respiratory illnesses
were monitored prospectively using a surveillance system based on daily parental diaries of
respiratory signs and symptoms. Parental reports of illness episodes were validated in a subset of
the population by comparison with clinical diagnoses and microbiological testing. Potential
confounding factors that influence respiratory infections were reduced by selecting subjects
whose parents did not smoke or intend to use day-care services outside the home. Rigorous
quality assurance procedures were implemented in all phases of the experimental protocol.
Nitrogen dioxide, a common indoor and outdoor air pollutant, is a by-product of
high-temperature combustion. Motor vehicles and power plants are primarily responsible for the
nitrogen dioxide in outdoor air. the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which establishes
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for nitrogen dioxide and other air pollutants,
has set the NAAQS for nitrogen dioxide as an annual average of 53 parts per billion (ppb) (100
|ig/m3). Although the annual average concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are well below 50 ppb
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in most regions of the United States, the standard is exceeded in areas of southern California, and
short-term peaks of 100 ppb, and occasionally 200 ppb, occur in urban areas.
Indoor levels of nitrogen dioxide are often higher than outdoor concentrations, especially in
homes where there are unvented heating and cooking appliances that utilize natural gas,
kerosene, coal, or wood. Such exposures are of concern because some studies suggest that
children exposed to nitrogen dioxide have more respiratory illnesses than those who are not
exposed.
Although mild respiratory illnesses in infants and young children are quite common, more
serious illnesses can be life-threatening and might increase the risk of developing lung disease
later in life. The epidemic logic studies that have examined the role of nitrogen dioxide in
childhood respiratory disease have produced inconsistent results, partly because of the difficulty
of assessing exposures and measuring respiratory illness in a community setting. This study was
conducted to address the limitations of previous studies and to help resolve whether exposure to
nitrogen dioxide increases the incidence of duration, or both, or respiratory illness in infants.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report
http://cfpub.ei)a.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2321/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
EPA Grant Number: R828112C059
Subproject: this is subproject number 059 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Noninvasive Methods for Measuring Ventilation in Mobile Subjects
Investigators: F. Dennis McCool, Jonathan M. Samet, David S. James, Thomas W. Chick,
Christine M. Mermier, Domyung Pack, William E. Lambert
Institution:-Brown University , University of New Mexico
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period: January 1, 1993 through December 31,1993
Research Category: Pollutant Mixtures
Description:
Ventilation Estimated from Body Surface Displacement Measurements: Drs. Dennis McCool and
Domyung Pack measured ventilation with a body surface displacement (BSD) model. Each
subject wore wide elastic bands containing coated wire coils around the chest and abdomen and
had special magnets affixed to the breastbone and navel, changes in electrical signals from these
devices indicated dimensional changes in the subject's body that were associated with breathing.
After the BSD signals were calibrated with data from a spirometer (standard equipment for
measuring breathing parameters), subsequent BSD measurements yielded data about a subject's
breathing patterns, breath frequency, and ventilation. In laboratory studies, the investigators
compared BSD data from 10 subjects with spirometric data obtained during upper and lower
body work tasks, including lifting, pulling, and cycling. They also examined the influence of a
spirometer mouthpiece on ventilation measurements. To evaluate the feasibility of using heart
rate to predict ventilation, the investigators first plotted a ventilation?heart rate calibration curve
for each subject based on data from a progressive exertion cycling test. They then used this curve
to estimate ventilation from heart rate data alone, and compared these ventilation data with
ventilation data obtained by BSD and spirometry. Finally, they tested their BSD model in a field
study by monitoring nine vocational school students. The BSD equipment was placed on a cart
to facilitate mobility of the tethered subjects during a classroom session and an auto body repair
workshop session.
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The laboratory data demonstrated that the BSD model provided ventilation data comparable to
spirometry data. The specific work task influenced statistical correlations between BSD and
spirometric data. Rhythmic breathing during cycling correlated the best, whereas erratic
breathing during lifting correlated the worst. The investigators verified previous reports that the
presence of a mouthpiece increases the volume of air inhaled per breath and decreases breath
frequency. They also concluded that heart rate can be an inaccurate predictor of ventilation
during the low activity levels that constitute much of daily life; transient ventilation increases
detected by BSD or spirometry during low activity were not matched by similar increases in
heart rate. Finally, the investigators' field study demonstrated the feasibility of using the BSD
model to measure ventilation accurately and noninvasively in mobile subjects.
Ventilation Estimated from Heart Rate: Dr. Jonathan Samet and colleagues wanted to develop
methods for estimating ventilation from heart rate for future epidemiologic studies. Their 58
subjects included healthy adults and children, and adults with heart disease, lung disease, or
asthma. First, the investigators collected spirometric and heart monitor data in the laboratory to
plot ventilation?heart rate curves for each subject during cycling, vacuuming, and lifting. They
then used heart monitor data to validate the accuracy of the Heartwatch, a portable, commercial
device combining a small transmitter worn on the subject's chest with a wristwatch-style receiver
that records heart rate. Because route of breathing affects lung pollutant dose, they also used a
partitioned face mask to determine the proportion of oral versus nasal breathing during exercise.
with increased oral breathing during exercise, some inhaled air bypasses the air-scrubbing
mechanisms in the nasal passages and can increase pollutant dose to the lower respiratory tract.
Finally, the investigators conducted a field study to estimate ventilation from Heartwatch data
using a heart rate?ventilation calibration curve from a progressive exertion cycling test; they then
categorized these ventilation data by activity using records maintained by the subjects.
Data from the laboratory studies indicated that ventilation increased faster than heart rate when
subjects performed upper body exercise compared with lower body exercise. Because most daily
activities do not involve upper body exertion, the investigators concluded that heart rate could be
used to estimate ventilation in field studies. Predictably, they reported that most subjects shifted
from nasal to oral breathing with increasing exercise intensity. Using Heartwatch data from their
field study, the investigators provided ventilation estimates categorized according to subject age,
gender, health status, and activities. Dr. Samet and colleagues concluded that heart rate
monitoring presents a feasible approach for estimating ventilation in the community setting.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2322/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and Content in Rat Lungs
EPA Grant Number: R828112C065
Subproject: this is subproject number 065 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Effects of Prolonged Ozone Inhalation on Collagen Structure and Content in Rat Lungs
Investigators: Jerold A. Last, Jack Harkema, Thomas R. Gelzleichter, Susan Hawk
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute , University of California
- Davis
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
Dr. Jerold Last and coworkers used biochemical methods to quantify total collagen and specific
collagen cross-links in lung lobes from male and female rats exposed for twenty months to 0,
0.12,0.50, and 1.0 ppm ozone. Dr. Jack Harkema (another investigator in the NTP/HEI
Collaborative Project) studied the increases in collagen deposits at specific sites in the rats'
lungs.
Ozone is highly reactive gas that forms when emissions from mobile and industrial sources react
chemically in the presence of sunlight. It is the major component of urban smog. The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency sets a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for
ozone based largely on scientific data documenting its effects on lung function in humans. The
current NAAQS is 0.12 parts per million (ppm); compliance requires that this level not be
exceeded for more than one hour, once per year.
Because ozone has the capacity to damage cells, exposure to ozone as a risk factor for lung
cancer is a major concern. Because this is an important public health issue, the National
Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a series of tests to evaluate ozone's carcinogenicity in rats
and mice chronically exposed to this pollutant. This presented a unique opportunity to study
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ozone's noncancerous effects as well; therefore, the NTP and the HEI entered into a collaborative
agreement. HEI-funded investigators studied whether long-term ozone exposure causes or
enhances alterations that are characteristic of chronic lung diseases, such as fibrosis or
emphysema, in the lungs of laboratory animals.
Pulmonary fibrosis results when chronic inflammation in the lungs increases deposits of the
components of connective tissue, including collagen. The collagens are a family of proteins,
some of which join to form large fibers. Their structure is stabilized by cross-links within and
between individual collagen molecules. Connective tissue normally confers mechanical strength
to the lungs by providing a supporting framework for cells; however, increased collagen deposits
destroy normal lung structure, and decrease the lung's effectiveness for exchanging gases.
The study of the effects of long-term ozone exposure on lung collagen, described in this report,
was one of eight studies in a Collaborative Project supported by the NTP and the HEI. The
others included studies of lung biochemistry, structure, and function, and one study of nasal
structure and function.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfJ3ub.ei)a.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cftn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2328/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat Lungs Caused by
Prolonged Ozone Inhalation
EPA Grant Number: R828112C065IH
Subproject: this is subproject number 065III, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Changes in Complex Carbohydrate Content and Structure in Rat Lungs Caused by
Prolonged Ozone Inhalation
Investigators: Bhandaru Radhakrishnamurthy
Institution: Tulane University of Louisiana
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
Dr. Bhandaru Radhakrishnamurthy used standard biochemical methods to measure changes in
the content, structure, and function of complex carbohydrates in lung tissue from male and
female rats exposed to 0,0.12, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm ozone for 20 months.
Ozone is formed when emissions from mobile and industrial sources react in the presence of
sunlight. It is a highly reactive gas, and the major component of urban smog. Because inhaling
ozone affects lung function in humans, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set a
National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for this pollutant. The current NAAQS is 0.12
parts per million (ppm); compliance requires that this level not be exceeded for more than one
hour, once per year.
Because of ozone's reactive nature, prolonged or repeated exposure to ozone is thought to be a
potential risk factor for lung cancer. This concern prompted the National Toxicology Program
(NTP) to conduct a bioassay of prolonged exposure to evaluate ozone's carcinogenicity in rats
and mice. Another concern is that long-term exposure to ozone may injure the tissues of the
respiratory tract, and lead to the development or exacerbation of chronic lung diseases such as
fibrosis and emphysema. To examine this hypothesis, the NTP allotted additional animals to
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investigators funded by the Health Effects Institute to study noncancerous alterations in lung
tissue, structure, and function that are characteristic of chronic lung diseases.
One characteristic of the early stages of chemically induced fibrosis and emphysema in
laboratory animals is an increase in the level of complex carbohydrates (a heterogeneous group
of carbohydrate-containing polymers) in lung connective tissue. Connective tissue is important
because it confers mechanical strength to the lungs by providing a supporting framework for
cells; however, increased connective tissue can distort normal lung structure and decrease the
lung's efficiency for gas exchange. The study of the effects of long-term ozone exposure on lung
complex carbohydrates, described in this report, was one of eight laboratory studies supported by
the NTP/HEI collaborative agreement. In addition to studying lung and nasal structure and
function, investigators studied other constituents of lung connective tissue.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
EPA Grant Number: R828112C065V
Subproject: this is subproject number 065V, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Pulmonary Function Alterations in Rats After Chronic Ozone Inhalation
Investigators: Jack Harkema, Joe L. Mauderly
Institution^Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
Drs. Harkema and Mauderly exposed 65 male and female F344/N rats to either 0.12 ppm, 0.5
ppm, or 1.0 ppm ozone for 7 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 20 months, and investigated the effects
of this exposure on lung function. Within one to six days after completing the 20-month
exposure, they performed a battery of pulmonary function tests on anesthetized rats. Rats
exposed to filtered air free of ozone served as a control group. The investigators' goal was to
characterize the nature and magnitude of pulmonary impairment that may be associated with
chronic exposure to ozone.
Testing pulmonary function in laboratory animals is a sensitive procedure for detecting lung
injury and physiological changes related to disease. In humans, pulmonary function testing is
critical to evaluating lung abnormalities in a variety of clinical and subclinical disease states. In
fact, alterations in pulmonary function are commonly seen in humans who have been exposed to
ozone. Therefore, the availability of benchmark data on pulmonary function in this rat cohort
was considered to be essential to the overall interpretation of the other seven NTP/HEI studies.
Ozone is the major pollutant in smog. It is formed by complex photochemical reactions between
nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. Motor vehicle and
industrial emissions are prominent sources of these compounds. Peak atmospheric ozone
concentrations generally occur during the summer months because the photochemical reactions
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that produce ozone are enhanced by sunlight and high temperature. Ozone exposure is a major
health concern because it is a highly reactive gas that, at sufficiently high concentrations, can
injure cells and tissues. Because ozone has the capacity to damage cells, exposure to ozone as a
risk factor for lung cancer is an important public health issue. Therefore, the National
Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a series of tests to evaluate ozone's carcinogenicity in rats
and mice chronically exposed to this pollutant. This presented a unique opportunity to study
ozone's noncancerous effects as well; therefore, the NTP and the HEI entered into a collaborative
agreement. HEI-funded investigators studied whether long-term ozone exposure causes or
enhances alterations that are characteristic of chronic lung diseases, such as fibrosis or
emphysema, in the lungs of laboratory animals.
The current National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone is 0.12 parts per million (ppm), a
level that is not to be exceeded for more than one hour once a year. This standard was
established largely on the basis of results of studies of acute exposure in human subjects. In
exercising young adults, exposure to elevated levels of ozone for relatively short time periods
causes lung function to be temporarily reduced and markers of pulmonary inflammation to
appear in the fluid used to wash cells and other materials from the lungs. Whether repeated
inhalation of ozone produces long-term effects on lung function, potentially causing or
aggravating chronic lung disease, is unknown.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural Changes in the Rat Nose
EPA Grant Number: R828112C065VII
Subproject: this is subproject number 065VII, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Prolonged Ozone Exposure Leads to Functional and Structural Changes in the Rat Nose
Investigators: Jack Harkema, Paul Catalano, William C. Griffith, Kevin T. Morgan, Elizabeth
A. Gross
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
Drs. Harkema and Morgan and their colleagues used a video recording technique to measure the
speed of mucous flow in different regions of the nasal cavities of rats exposed to 0,0.12,0.50, or
1.0 ppm ozone for six hours per day, five days per week, for 20 months. The investigators used
specific stains and a technique called image analysis to determine the effect of ozone exposure
on mucous content, and light and electron microscopy to study cellular changes in the epithelial
cell layer.
Ozone, a common outdoor air pollutant is a highly reactive gas and a major component of smog.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for ozone of 0.12 parts per million [ppm] that should not be exceeded for more than
one hour, once per year. This standard is based largely on scientific data documenting the effects
of short-term exposure on lung function in humans. The standard is currently being reevaluated
by the EPA.
Because ozone can damage cells, prolonged or repeated exposures may be a risk factor for lung
cancer. To assess this issue, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted an animal
bioassay to evaluate ozone's carcinogenicity in rodents. Another public health concern is that
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prolonged exposure to ozone may damage the cells that line the airways, leading to functional
changes in the components of the respiratory tract.
The nose is the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens, dusts, and irritant gases; thus,
changes induced by ozone in the normal functions of the nose could result in an increased
susceptibility to respiratory infections and other diseases. Mucous flow is critical to a defense
mechanism called mucociliary clearance. Inhaled pathogens or irritants are trapped in mucus,
which is removed (or cleared) by the beating of cilia, which are tiny hair-like projections on cells
that line the airways and extend into the mucous layer. Short-term exposure to high
concentrations of ozone is known to damage the epithelial cells that line the nasal passages of
laboratory rats; however, the effects of prolonged ozone exposures are not known, nor is there
information on the impact of such exposures on nasal function. Dr. Jack Harkema's study, which
was one of eight studies in the NTP/HEI Collaborative Ozone Project, was conducted to address
these issues. Other studies in this project investigated possible changes in lung function,
structure, and biochemistry, and are being published as other Parts of Research Report Number
65.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
EPA Grant Number: R828112C066
Subproject: this is subproject number 066 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Interactive Effects of Nitropyrenes in Diesel Exhaust
Investigators: Paul C. Howard, Frederick A Beland
Institution: Case Western Reserve University , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
Dr. Howard and colleagues conducted a pilot study using two approaches to examine the effects
of pyrene on the metabolism of nitropyrene. First, test tube studies were performed to determine
the extent to which 1-nitropyrene metabolism was inhibited by pyrene and other pollutants. In
the second series of experiments, laboratory mice were exposed to 1-nitropyrene or
1,6-dinitropyrene alone or in the presence of possible copollutants such as pyrene or other
nitropyrenes. The urine and feces of the mice were examined for metabolites of 1-nitropyrene or
1,6-dinitropyrene. In addition, mouse liver DNA was examined using two techniques for
measuring the presence of DNA adducts.
High doses of inhaled diesel engine exhaust produce lung tumors in laboratory animals and may
cause cancer in humans. Because of the potential risks to human health, diesel exhaust emissions
are regulated by the Clean Air Act.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cQ)ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2337/report/F
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4fct
Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon Black in Rat Lungs
EPA Grant Number: R828112C068I
Subproject: this is subproject number 0681, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Comparison of the Carcinogenicity of Diesel Exhaust and Carbon Black in Rat Lungs
Investigators: Joe L. Mauderly, K. J. Nikula,, E. B. Barr, Charles Mitchell, M. Burton Snipes,
James A. Bond, I-Yiin Chang, Nancy A. Gillett, Antone L. Brooks, Steven A. Belinsky, William
C. Griffith, David G. Thomassen, Yung-Sung Cheng, Rogene F. Henderson
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period: s
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
Investigators exposed F344/N rats to clean air or to one of two levels (2.5 or 6.5 mg of
particles/m3 of diesel exhaust or air) of either emissions from a light-duty diesel engine or
carbon black particles. The exposures lasted for 16 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 24 months. The
carbon black particles were similar to the soot particles in the diesel engine exhaust; however,
they contained markedly lower amounts of adsorbed organic compounds. Approximately 100
times less organic material could be extracted from carbon black than from diesel exhaust
particles. Also, in contrast to extracts of diesel exhaust soot, carbon black extracts produced little
or no response in bacterial mutagenicity assays. Thus, they served as a surrogate for diesel
exhaust particles that are relatively free of mutagenic organic compounds. The investigators
determined the number and types of tumors that formed in the rats, and assessed the possible
contributions of a number of factors (such as tissue injury, or clearance or translocation of
inhaled particles) known to be linked with the development and progression of lung cancer. They
also ascertained whether the exposures resulted in the formation of DNA adducts (the products
of chemicals or their metabolites reacting with the DNA) in lung tissue or in cells isolated from
lungs.
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Emissions from diesel engines are a complex mixture of gaseous vapors and soot particles. The
soot particles are a public health concern because they are of a respirable size and contain
organic compounds adsorbed onto their surfaces. Many of these compounds can damage the
cellular genetic material (DNA), and have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. A
number of laboratories have demonstrated that inhaling high concentrations of diesel engine
exhaust for a prolonged period of time causes lung tumors in rats. However, in the 1980s,
questions were raised about which constituents of diesel engine exhaust (the soot particles, or
their adsorbed organic compounds, or both) were responsible for this tumorigenic effect.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cf{3ub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2339/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust
EPA Grant Number: R828112C068II
Subproject: this is subproject number 068II, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: An Investigation of DNA Damage in the Lungs of Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust
Investigators: Kurt Randerath, Joe L. Mauderly, Kim L. Putnam, Paige L. Williams, Erika
Randerath
Institution: Baylor College of Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Lovelace
Biomedical & Environmental" Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
Dr. Randerath's study was part of a large cancer bioassay conducted by Dr. Joe Mauderly and
colleagues of the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute (ITRI). The investigators exposed
F344/N rats by inhalation to clean (filtered) air or to one of two concentrations of either diesel
exhaust or carbon (2.5 or 6.5 mg of 'particles/m3 of test atmosphere). Carbon black particles were
used because they are physically similar to diesel exhaust particles but have negligible amounts
of organic compounds adsorbed onto their surfaces; therefore the effects of carbon black
particles are assumed to be similar to the effects of diesel exhaust particles without the adsorbed
organic compounds. (The results of the animal exposures, tumor bioassays, and measurements of
noncancer endpoints that were conducted at ITRI can be found in Part I of this Report.) Both Dr.
Randerath and Dr. Mauderly measured DNA adducts in lung tissue samples from rats exposed at
ITRI for different periods of time to the test atmospheres. Dr. Randerath and colleagues also
extracted the organic compounds from the diesel exhaust particles, applied the diesel exhaust
extract to the skin of CD-I mice, and looked for DNA adducts in the skin, lung, and heart tissues
of these mice.
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Emissions from diesel engines are a complex mixture of gaseous vapors and soot particles. The
soot particles are a public health concern because they are of a respirable size and have hundreds
of organic chemical compounds adsorbed onto their surfaces. Many of these compounds can
damage the cellular genetic material (DNA) and are known or suspected carcinogens. Studies
have demonstrated that inhalation of high concentrations of diesel exhaust induces lung tumors
in laboratory rats, and scientists have proposed different mechanisms to explain the rat lung's
response. One hypothesis is that the organic compounds on the particle surfaces interact with
lung tissue DNA to form DNA adducts (because DNA adducts cause mutations, their formation
is critical in initiating cancer). Another hypothesis is that prolonged exposure to high
concentrations of diesel exhaust particles impairs normal lung-clearance mechanisms, resulting
in inflammation, cell proliferation, and ultimately cancer. A third hypothesis is that the initiating
action of the organic compounds and the promoting action of particle-induced inflammation and
cell proliferation combined are responsible for the tumorigenic response.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2340/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats Exposed To Diesel
Exhaust or Carbon Black
EPA Grant Number: R828112C068III
Subproject: this is subproject number 068III, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: No Evidence For Genetic Mutations Found In Lung Tumors From Rats Exposed To
Diesel Exhaust or Carbon Black
Investigators: Steven A. Belinsky, K. J. Nikula, Deborah S. Swafford, Charles Mitchell
Institution: Lovelace Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
Dr. Belinsky and his associates examined lung tumors from rats and applied molecular biology
techniques to measure mutations in selected genes in the DNA from the tumors. Mutations in
portions of the K-ras protooncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene were targeted for
analysis because patterns of mutations in these genes previously have been associated with
exposure to carcinogens in laboratory animals and humans.
Diesel engine exhaust contains gases and carbon particles that have many mutagenic or
carcinogenic chemicals adsorbed onto them. Some epidemiologic studies suggest that workers
exposed occupationally to diesel exhaust have an increased risk of lung cancer. Inhaling high
concentrations of diesel exhaust causes lung cancer in rats when the particles accumulate in their
lungs. Recent inhalation studies comparing diesel exhaust with carbon black particles (which
contain little adsorbed organic material) indicate no differences in the kinds and numbers of lung
tumors found in rats. Thus, in rats, lung cancer induced by diesel exhaust appears to be due to
the particles themselves, and not to the adsorbed organic compounds.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfjpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfrn/fuseaction/display.abstractDetaiiyabstract/2341/reporfcT
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel Exhaust
EPA Grant Number: R828112C072
Subproject: this is subproject number 072 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: DNA Mutations in Rats Treated with a Carcinogen Present in Diesel Exhaust
Investigators: Frederick A. Beland
Institution: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
Dr. Beland and his associates analyzed the mutations in a selected gene in spleen T lymphocytes
from rats treated with 1,6-dinitropyrene under conditions that induced lung tumors at the highest
dose tested. They also examined DNA adduct levels in lung and liver tissues and in spleen
lymphocytes and white blood cells.
Diesel engine exhaust contains carbon particles and many chemicals that cause cancer in
laboratory animals and mutations in cells in culture. Inhaling high doses of diesel exhaust for
most of their lives produces lung cancer in rats. Moreover, some epidemiologic studies suggest
that workers exposed to diesel exhaust have an increased risk of lung cancer. Although recent
evidence indicates that the carbon particles themselves are largely responsible for the induction
of lung cancer in rats, the chemicals adsorbed onto the carbon particles may still have an
important role in the possible induction of lung cancer in humans by diesel exhaust.
When the mutagenic chemicals present in diesel exhaust are inhaled, the body metabolizes them
into activated substances that damage DNA by reacting with it to form adducts. If this damage is
not repaired by the cell before the DNA is replicated during cell division, mutations may be
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introduced that persist through future generations of cells. If it were possible to measure the
numbers, kinds, and locations (or patterns) of mutations induced by these chemicals, scientists
may then be able to develop a biomarker assay to assess environmental exposure to the mutagens
in diesel exhaust.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fiiseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2345/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
EPA Grant Number: R828112C090
Subproject: this is subproject number 090 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: A Pilot Study of Potential Biomarkers of Ozone Exposure
Investigators: Mark W. Frampton, William A. Pryor
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge , University of
Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Ozone
Description:
HEI supported Dr. William A. Pryor of Louisiana State University to develop methods for
measuring ozone reaction products in in vitro models of lung lining fluids exposed to ozone and
in lung fluids from rats exposed to ozone. During the study, Dr. Mark Frampton of the
University of Rochester provided Pryor with lung fluids from humans exposed to air or ozone
under controlled conditions. In the current pilot study, Pryor and colleagues analyzed these fluids
for two aldehydes that are known to be ozone reaction products. This report describes the results
of the collaborative study between Drs. Pryor and Frampton.
Ozone, a major constituent of smog and a lung airway irritant, induces transient declines in lung
function and respiratory tract inflammation in some people. Studies with laboratory animals have
demonstrated that pathologic and physiologic effects of ozone on the respiratory system depend
on the dose and duration of exposure. Although sensitive and accurate methods are available to
measure the levels of ozone in ambient air, no methods have been developed to determine the
dose of ozone that reaches tissues in the respiratory tract. Such methods would aid researchers
conducting clinical studies and those seeking to extrapolate the results of animal studies to
humans.
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Some inhaled pollutants react with tissue constituents to form products that can be measured in
blood, urine, or other fluids and reflect the dose received by a tissue. These products are referred
to as biomarkers of dose. No biomarkers for ozone exposure have been identified. Ozone is a
highly reactive gas and is unlikely to penetrate far beyond the fluid that lines the lung?s
epithelial cell layer. Ozone?s harmful effects are thought to be mediated by products of its
reaction with components of the lining fluid and the epithelial cell membrane. These products
include aldehydes which, although rapidly metabolized, can be toxic to cells. Thus, the levels of
aldehydes in lung fluids may serve as biomarkers of the dose of ozone received by the lung.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfra/fuseaction/display.abstractDetai]/abstract/2394/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to Butadiene and Its
Metabolites
EPA Grant Number: R828112C092
Subproject: this is subproject number 092 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Cancer, Mutations, and Adducts in Rats and Mice Exposed to Butadiene and Its
Metabolites
Investigators: Rogene F. Henderson, Vernon Walker, Leslie Recio, Ian A. Blair, James A.
Swenberg
Institution: Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Lovelace Respiratory
Research Institute: New York State Department of Health, University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Air Toxics
Description:
When HEI's program was initiated, scientists knew that BD itself is not carcinogenic. Rather,
BD is transformed to reactive metabolites that can bind to DNA (forming adducts), thus causing
genetic mutations and possibly initiating the carcinogenic response. The role of individual
metabolites in BD-induced carcinogenesis, however, was not known. Furthermore, the
metabolites exist in more than one stereochemical (or three-dimensional) form. Because
enzymes may react preferentially with a specific form, these stereochemical configurations may
be important in species sensitivity. Some of the products from BD reacting with cellular DNA or
proteins had been identified and considered for use as biomarkers of exposure or of a
biologically effective dose. However, sensitive analytical methods needed to be developed and
validated if these biomarkers were to be useful in animal or human studies.
The studies reported here were designed to advance our understanding of the roles of different
metabolites in BD-induced carcinogenesis and of the differences in sensitivity among species,
and to develop methods for identifying and measuring biomarkers. The investigators focused on
two BD metabolites (l,2-epoxy-3-butene [BDO] and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane [EDO 2 ]) that
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researchers had suspected may play a role in BD carcinogenesis; they also developed
information on other metabolites that may be important but had not been extensively studied. Dr.
Rogene Henderson (Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute) exposed mice and rats to BDO 2 to
determine whether these species differ in their carcinogenic response to this metabolite. Dr.
Leslie Recio (Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology) and Dr. Vernon Walker (New York
State Department of Health) compared the mutagenicity of BD, BDO, and BDO 2 in mice and
rats. Dr. Ian Blair (University of Pennsylvania) developed methods for measuring DNA adducts
derived from BD metabolites in the tissues and urine of rats and mice with the goal of comparing
the levels of adducts in the two species and identifying possible biomarkers. Dr. James Swenberg
(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) developed a sensitive method for detecting adducts
formed between BD metabolites and a blood protein (hemoglobin) and measured these adducts
in animals and humans exposed to BD. The investigators shared tissues from animals that were
exposed by inhalation to BD or its metabolites at either the Chemical Industry Institute of
Toxicology or Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute and, in some cases, developed
collaborative ventures.
1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an occupational and environmental pollutant that is widely used in the
manufacture of resins, plastics, and synthetic rubber; it is also found in combustion emissions
from motor vehicles, stationary sources, and cigarette smoke. Ambient exposures to BD (0.3 to
10 parts per billion [ppb]) are orders of magnitude lower than those that occur in occupational
settings (10 Jo 300,000 ppb), but they are a public health concern because BD may be a human
carcinogen. In the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, BD is listed as a hazardous air pollutant
and a mobile-source toxic air pollutant. Moreover, worldwide regulatory interest has evolved in
the potential health effects of occupational and ambient exposures to BD. Epidemiologic studies
have suggested that workers occupationally exposed to BD have an increased incidence of
cancers of the lymphatic system and of those organs and systems in the body that produce blood
cells. Interpretation of these studies has been controversial, however, because of inconsistencies
among the results and because some workers may have been exposed to other chemicals in
addition to BD. In situations of such uncertainty, data from animal studies are often used to fill
information gaps about humans by extrapolating findings from laboratory studies in which
animals have been exposed to high doses of a chemical to situations in which human subjects
have been exposed to low doses. Consequently, researchers have produced a large range of
human cancer risk estimates for BD depending on which animal species and which data they
used in their extrapolation models.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2396/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing Benzo[a]pyrene
EPA Grant Number: R828112C101
Subproject: this is subproject number 101, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Penetration of Lung Lining and Clearance of Particles Containing Benzo[ajpyrene
Investigators: Per Gerde
Institution: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Particles and Diesel Engine Exhaust
Description:
The investigators removed most of the organic compounds from diesel exhaust particles and
bound radiolabeled BaP to them as a surrogate for all PAHs. They exposed the lower respiratory
tract of three dogs to the particles and measured the levels of particle-bound BaP and free BaP
released from particles in the peripheral region of the lungs. After approximately six months,
they exposed only the trachea to the particle-bound BaP for similar measurements and isolated
peripheral lung tissue to measure the long-term stability of BaP on the particles.
Diesel exhaust is a mixture of gases and soot. Soot consists of carbon particles with bound
inorganic salts, metals, and more than 450 organic compounds. The organic compounds include
genotoxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), that cause
cancer in laboratory animals. Soot inhalation is believed to be a possible contributor to lung
cancer risk in occupationally exposed humans because it is readily inhaled and deposits in the
lungs. Some researchers believe that PAHs must be released from soot and become bio-available
before they exert genotoxicity. However, the fate of the PAHs and their role in the toxicity of
diesel exhaust are not well understood.
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Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2406/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Completed
Reports: Final
Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
EPA Grant Number: R828112C102
Subproject: this is subproject number 102 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828112 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Health Effects Institute
Center Director: Daniel Greenbaum
Title: Metabolism of Ether Oxygenates Added to Gasoline
Investigators: Jun-Yan Hong, Janet M. Benson, Wolfgang Dekant
Institution: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz
Project Period:
Research Category: Fuels and Fuel Additives
Description:
The studies reported here were initiated to increase our knowledge of the metabolism of ether
oxygenates in humans and other species. Dr Jun-Yan Hong (the University of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey ? Robert Wood Johnson Medical School) used rat and human liver cells
to determine the relative contribution of different members of a family of liver enzymes
(cytochrome P450 [CYP] isozymes) to the metabolism of MTBE, ETBE and TAME. Blood
samples from human volunteers who reported that they were sensitive to the health effects of
MTBE were examined by Hong and colleagues, in order to determine whether genetic variants
of CYP isozymes were present. Dr Wolfgang Dekant (University of Wurzburg) exposed rats and
human volunteers by inhalation to two concentrations of MTBE, ETBE or TAME in order to
provide detailed data for interspecies comparison. He also exposed human volunteers by
ingestion to MTBE or TAME to compare metabolic pathways after inhalation and ingestion of
these compounds. Dr Janet Benson (Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute) exposed rats by
inhalation to several concentrations of MTBE alone or to MTBE in combination with gasoline
vapors in order to determine how the presence of gasoline affects the uptake, kinetics,
metabolism and excretion of MTBE.
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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 required use of oxygenated fuels in areas that exceeded
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide and in areas with very high
ozone levels. Adding oxygenates, such as MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether), to gasoline promotes
more efficient combustion and reduces emission of carbon monoxide, ozone-forming
hydrocarbons, and some air toxics, by increasing the oxygen content of the fuel. On the other
hand, some oxygenates may increase emission of toxic compounds such as formaldehyde or
acetaldehyde. Increased use of MTBE in fuel in the early 1990s led to complaints of unpleasant
odor, headaches, and burning of eyes and throat. After reviewing the literature, HEI issued a
request for applications to fund research on the comparative metabolism of ether oxygenates,
such as MTBE, ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether), and TAME (tert-amyl methyl ether). The three
studies funded are presented in this Research Report.
Progress and Final Reports:
Final Report is available at:
http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fliseaction/display.abstractDetail/abstract/2407/report/F
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: See Subprojects
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
EPA Grant Number: R828598
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T. C. Ho
Title: Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (Lamar University)
Investigators: T. C. Ho
Institution: Gulf Coast Hazardous Research Center
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31, 2004
Project Amount: $4,749,300
Research Category: Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center
Description:
The Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (GCHSRC) was established in 1986 for
the purpose of conducting research to provide more effective hazardous substance response and
waste management throughout the Gulf Coast. The GCHSRC is comprised of eight member
university consortium including: Lamar University-Beaumont, Louisiana State University,
Mississippi State University, Texas A&M University, University of Alabama, University of
Central Florida, University of Houston, and the University of Texas-Austin.
The Center's mission is to conduct an integrated research program to improve the quality of the
environment in order to reduce risk to human and ecosystem health. The major emphasis of the
center is on environmental technologies for pollution prevention, waste treatment, and site
remediation for hazardous substances associated with petroleum, chemical and other Gulf Coast
Industries. The center's research program concentrates n waste minimization, alternate treatment
technology development, toxicity reduction, and other technology-support areas. The center's
FY94 projects covered: soil and sludge treatment; separation technology; pollution prevention;
modeling and risk assessment; combustion and oxidation technologies; monitoring and
detection; and biological treatment technologies.
The center also operates a technology transfer program which involves compilation of a CDRom
based environmental library; a technical list server; conferences/workshops on development of
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commercially viable industrial technologies; and short courses for methodology developed by
the center.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using
Artificial Neural Network Technology
EPA Grant Number: R828598C001
Subproject: this is subproject number 001 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Field Study Abstract: A Model of Ambient Air Pollution in Southeast Texas Using
Artificial Neural Network Technology
Investigators: Anita L. Riddle, Jack R. Hopper
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
This research project will create an artificial neural network- based model of ambient air
pollution in Jefferson, Orange, and Hardin Counties, Texas. These counties are designated by
EPA as "serious" non-attainment for ozone. The intent of the neural network model is to
supplement the current Urban Airshed Model (UAM) by more efficiently replicating historical
ozone episodes and more accurately predicting future ozone pollution episodes.
The current UAM provides only marginal results and research is desperately needed to alleviate
the weaknesses in the UAM. A artificial neural network model may help. The types of problems
which are most amenable to solution with artificial neural networks include building models of
complex systems which are very difficult to express mathematically. Although relatively new,
neural network technology has proven to be useful in data- rich environments, such as the
process industries for process control and predictive modeling. It is in our best interest to attempt
this method for air pollution modeling as well. Using historical air pollution and meteorological
data, neural network- based software, and a computer work station, we may be able to derive the
following benefits:
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(1) Create a more accurate predictive model of ambient air pollution;
(2) Discover relationships between pollutants, atmospheric conditions, and ozone pollution;
(3) Publish results in a technical journal;
(4) Project emissions for some future year and estimate the impact of controls on future ambient
ozone concentrations;
(5) Propose an effective means to eliminate the ozone excursions and achieve compliance with
the Federal standard.
Artificial neural networks are among the most advanced technologies as well as one of the most
cost effective means available for modeling complex processes. This project's concept, although
now limited to modeling the atmosphere in Southeast Texas, if successful may be used to model
atmospheric systems wherever atmospheric data are available.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams Contaminated
with Chlorinated Solvents
EPA Grant Number: R828598C002
Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactors for Treating Water and Air Streams Contaminated
with Chlorinated Solvents
Investigators: Gerald E. Speitel, George Georgiou
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Contamination of ground water and soils with chlorinated aliphatic solvents is a widespread
problem. One promising approach for treating chlorinated solvents is to destroy them through
cometabolism in aerobic biological processes. Cometabolism requires a supplemental carbon and
energy source for the bacteria, as the chlorinated solvents do not meet this need. Some
technologies based on cometabolism are in various stages of development now; however, these
address only the relatively straightforward problems of water contaminated with chlorinated
ethenes and mixed wastes that do not contain chemicals toxic to the organisms.
In this research, we will develop a new technology to address more challenging chlorinated
solvent problems. The technology will treat chlorinated methanes and ethanes, in addition to
ethenes, will handle mixed wastes containing chemicals that are toxic to the organisms, and will
be applicable to both contaminated water and air streams. This new technology is based on a
specialized, patented methane-degrading bacteria developed in our laboratory and on a new type
of bioreactor, a hollow fiber membrane reactor. The bacteria were developed through classical
mutagenesis techniques and can degrade chlorinated solvents at rapid rates under environmental
conditions typical of practice. A hollow fiber membrane reactor provides a protective barrier
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between the organisms and the contaminated water or air because only volatile chemicals can
cross the membrane. The reactor also allows a very high degree of control over the biological
process so that maximum biodegradation rates can be obtained.
The overall objective of the research is the demonstration of successful performance in treating
contaminated water streams through bench scale experiments with hollow fiber membrane
systems. The second year of the project, which was just completed, focused on mass transfer
kinetics, degradation kinetics of mixtures, and membrane fouling. The usefulness of a
computer-based mathematical model for process design and operation also was evaluated. The
third year of the project will focus on bioreactor experiments with contaminated aqueous streams
containing single chemicals and mixtures of chlorinated solvents. The objective of these
experiments is definition of appropriate design conditions and operating strategies. The utility of
the computer simulation model will also be further evaluated. Hoechst Celanese will continue to
participate in the project through donation of membrane reactors and related technical support.
Contamination of ground water and soils with chlorinated aliphatic solvents is a widespread
problem. One promising approach for treating chlorinated solvents is to destroy them through
cometabolism in aerobic biological processes. Cometabolism requires a supplemental carbon and
energy source for the bacteria, as the chlorinated solvents do not meet this need. Some
technologies based on cometabolism are in various stages of development now; however, these
address only.the relatively straightforward problems of water contaminated with chlorinated
ethenes and mixed wastes that do not contain chemicals toxic to the organisms.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
EPA Grant Number: R828598C003
Subproject: this is subproject number 003 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Fugitive Emissions of Hazardous Air Pollutants from On-Site Industrial Sewers
Investigators: Richard L. Corsi
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
As a result of the Clean Air Act of 1990, several industries have come under increased
regulatory scrutiny as sources of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions. For example, over the
next several years the Environmental Protection Agency will propose and eventually implement
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) for 189 HAPs emitted
from 174 industrial source categories. One fugitive emissions source that has received significant
attention is process wastewater streams, particularly process drains.
The objectives of this research are all intended to facilitate the development of industry-specific
NESHAPs based on an improved understanding of the mechanistic behavior of HAP emissions
from on- site industrial sewers, and to provide a model which industry and regulators can use to
investigate cost-effective means of controlling fugitive HAP emissions.
Specific objectives include (1) determination of the sensitivity of stripping efficiencies to HAP
physicochemical properties, (2) determination of the sensitivity of HAP stripping efficiencies to
variations in system operating conditions, including liquid flowrate, liquid temperature, and air
exchange rates, (3) determination of the effects of water seals, i.e., J-traps, on HAP stripping
efficiencies, and (4) development of a novel spreadsheet model that allows the estimation of
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HAP stripping efficiencies as a function of a wide range of system operating conditions and HAP
properties.
The objectives listed above will be achieved through the construction and use of a pilot drain
system (PDS) that approximates a recirculating batch reactor. The PDS will allow flexibility in
varying system operating conditions and HAP physicochemical properties. The influence of
these properties will be studied experimentally using a cocktail of volatile tracers. The first two
objectives will be completed by using a dynamic mass balance on a cocktail of volatile HAPs
and dissolved oxygen. The third objective will be achieved by similar mass balances on a
modified PDS which includes the incorporation of a J-trap in the drain throat.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Biofiltration Technology Development
EPA Grant Number: R828598C004
Subproject: this is subproject number 004 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Biofiltration Technology Development
Investigators: Raymond C. Loehr
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The purpose of this project is to further the development and particularly the design of biofilter
technology for use with volatile organic carbon compounds (VOC's) and odor containing gases.
The studies being conducted as part of this project are extending previous research completed in
our laboratory and incorporate data from several larger biofilters. This will allow us to determine
If the design factors and equations developed from laboratory reactors can describe conditions
that occur in the "real world." Thus, results from this project are (a) extending the previous
studies, (b) integrating data from laboratory, pilot scale, and full scale units, (c) sharpening the
process relationships used for design, and (d) a more effective design for biofilters that will
allow industries to meet VOC emission control requirements. Biofilters are a technology
applicable to off-gases from processes used for Superfund site remediation, and thus the project
is consistent with the mandated objectives of the GCHSRC.
This project started in September 1994. Therefore, this progress report summarizes the
accomplishments that occurred in the first project year - September 1994 through August 1995.
In this first project year, we have (a) obtained industrial data from several sites, (b) begun
laboratory studies using mixtures of VOCs, and (c) begun an evaluation of the differences of
performance of plug flow and step-feed biofilters. The laboratory evaluations involved several 4"
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dia. biofilters that allow gas samples to be taken every 3" over a 4 ft height. Biofilters are packed
bed plug flow reactors with a microbial catalyst. Experiments have been conducted with BTEX
compounds and rapid first order VOC loss rates have been obtained. Studies also are underway
evaluating the effect of pulsed (rapid) changes in VOC concentrations and mass loadings to the
biofilters on VOC removal and process performance. One series of experiments has evaluated
the availability and need for supplemental nitrogen when compost was used as the biofilter
media.
In the second project year, the research will focus on (a) completing the evaluation of the
performance of biofilters to treat mixtures of VOCs, (b) determining the difference in
effectiveness of step feed and plug flow biofilters, (c) evaluating the data obtained in terms of
process design parameters, such as empty bed contact time (EBCT) and mass loading, (d)
identifying suitable relationships that can be used for biofilter design and performance
estimation, and (e) developing one or more draft technical manuscripts for possible publication.
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4k
Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
EPA Grant Number: R828598C005
Subproject: this is subproject number 005 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: A Risk-Based Decision Analysis Approach for Aquifers Contaminated with DNAPLs
Investigators: Daene C. McKinney, Robert B. Gilbert
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
We are requesting funding to implement a risk-based decision analysis approach for remediating
aquifers contaminated with dense, nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs). Remediation of
DNAPLs is an important research problem because DNAPLs pose a significant threat to aquifers
and because they are extremely difficult to remediate. Sixty percent of Superfund sites with
groundwater contamination contain DNAPLs. DNAPL contamination is difficult to detect and
characterize. Conventional pump and treat remediation technologies are ineffective and costly
for remediating DNAPLs. Other remedial alternatives, such natural attenuation and in-situ
bioremediation, do not have a proven track record. Therefore, there are numerous uncertainties
involved in developing site-assessment programs, selecting and designing remedial alternatives,
establishing feasible performance criteria for remediation, and designing monitoring systems to
confirm long-term performance. The objective of this research is to implement a decision
analysis approach that provides the ability to account rationally for these uncertainties
throughout the remediation process.
The proposed research effort will consist of six tasks: (1) compile case study information from
sites with DNAPL contamination; (2) identify and assess uncertainties in the parameters that
affect remediation performance; (3) compile and analyze data concerning investigation,
remediation, and monitoring costs; (4) evaluate the uncertainty and bias associated with
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modeling transport and fate of DNAPLs in aquifers; (5) perform reliability analyses to evaluate
the probability of success for different remedial alternatives; and (6) analyze risks and costs
within a decision analysis framework to identify factors that affect feasibility and to optimize the
value of information from investigation and monitoring programs.
This research will be completed within 3 years. The focus during the first year will be to identify
and assess uncertainties that affect our ability to remediate aquifers contaminated with DNAPLs
(Tasks 1,2, 3 and 4). In the second year, we will continue this work and begin evaluating the
reliability of alternative remediation schemes (Task 5). Work during the final year will involve
the development of decision analysis tools for conducting feasibility studies and for optimizing
investigation and monitoring programs (Task 6).
If successful, this research should improve our ability to make rational, cost-effective and
defensible decisions in remediating aquifers contaminated with DNAPLs. Potential benefits will
be to minimize the costs associated with investigating sites that potentially contain DNAPLs in
the subsurface, facilitate implementation of innovative technologies such as in-situ
bioremediation for addressing these problems, minimize the costs for remediating and
monitoring contaminated sites, and integrate cost and feasibility considerations into the
establishment of remediation performance standards.
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4k
Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
EPA Grant Number: R828598C006
Subproject: this is subproject number 006 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: In-Situ Remediation for Contaminated Soils Using Prefabricated Vertical Drains
Investigators: John J. Bowders, David E. Daniel
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Bioremediation, vacuum/air stripping and soil flushing can all be used for in-situ remediation of
contaminated soils. However, each of these techniques can become less efficient or even
ineffective in fine-grained soils or sludges. The extremely small pores in fine-grained soil and
sludges limit the rate at which stripping or flushing agents can be delivered into or extracted
from the soil. For bioremediation, the rate at which nutrients can be delivered to the
contaminated areas is also limited by the pore sizes within the soil mass. It is typically preferable
to remediate soils and groundwater in situ, thus a technique for extending these techniques to
fine-grained soils and sludges and for improving their efficiency is needed.
Prefabricated vertical drains (PVD's), also known as strip or wick drains, provide a technique for
enhancing the performance of in-situ bioremediation, vacuum/air stripping and soil flushing.
PV-drains can be used to decrease the flow path and subsequently shorten the travel time
between the areas of injection or extraction and the location of the contaminated soil or pore
water. PV-drains also offer the advantage of multiple injection and/or extraction wells to
intercept isolated pockets of contaminant and provide redundancy for increasing confidence of
contaminant capture.
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The objective of the proposed research is to verify this technology for enhancing in situ
treatment. Promising results were found in earlier work, and a model for predicting the
efficiency of PV-drain injection- recovery systems for remediating contaminated, fine-grained
soils or sludges was developed. Parametric analyses have been performed; however, the results
of the model have not been verified with physical data. The work being proposed is to develop
the techniques and collect the data required to verify the PV-drain technology and the model. In
the laboratory phase, techniques will be developed and data will be collected for verifying the
PV-drain technology and model at the bench scale. The verified model and data collected will be
used to design a field demonstration of the PV-drain technology for in-situ remediation of a
contaminated soil or sludge.
The project is scheduled for a 3-year duration. The first 18 months are devoted to the laboratory
phase and the second 18 months for the field demonstration. The field demonstration will be
conducted with an industrial partner to be determined during the second year of the project. The
project will terminate after 2 years if a partner is not identified. Current technologies for in situ
remediation of fine-grained soils are non-existent. However, for a hypothetical site - 5 acres in
area, 20 feet in depth, hydraulic conductivity 1E-06 cm/s - the cost of materials and installation of
drains and a manifold system would approach $l/yd3 of soil. It would require about 1.5 years to
completely flush the pores assuming a porosity of 0.3. Pumping and treatment costs of the
extracted fluids must be considered in addition and will vary greatly dependent upon the nature
of the contaminants. The potential cost savings from this technology are very large.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
EPA Grant Number: R828598C007
Subproject: this is subproject number 007 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Membrane Technology Selection System for the Metal Finishing Industry
Investigators: Miriam Heller
Institution: University of Houston , University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
New technologies for waste minimization, recycling, and treatment are being commercialized at
a rate that far exceeds their deployment in actual process design. This "implementation gap" has
caught the attention of various industry groups. For instance, the American Institute of Chemical
Engineers and the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences have determined that the gap
must be bridged with automated conceptual design tools. The need for an initial design analysis
tool to aid in technology selection has been recognized across industries.This research program
focuses on a strategic subset of the industry-directed solution: a decision support tool for
selecting membrane technologies in the metal finishing industry. Numerous membrane
separation technologies have been commercialized that target metal recovery and water reuse to
reduce wastes and also improve a metal finisher's bottom line.
Ultrafiltration costs undercut conventional separation technologies up to 50% for small systems,
reverse osmosis applications result in an average return on investment (ROI) of 27% and
payback in 2.7 years, electrodialysis for cadmium cyanide plating shows a 103% ROI. Yet
membrane technologies remain rare in the industry.
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The proposed decision support tool will enhance the optimal selection of membrane technologies
by enabling comprehensive, consistent evaluation of design options at the cost of running a PC.
Earlier design decisions lock in more total system benefits, so improved technology selection
translates into the greatest benefits. Knowledge-based systems have been used for selecting
separation technologies other than membranes. Membrane selection options include membrane
material, cutoff, geometry, pretreatment, and configuration. Regulatory constraints, costs,
recovery goals, waste stream characteristics, etc., structure these decisions. Software engineering
methods for knowledge-based prototyping will be employed. Preliminary studies have confirmed
system feasibility.
Future development phases include requirements analysis, logical design, software design,
coding, testing, and validation. Key to the success of this system is the commitment of time,
gratis, of a membrane technology expert, Dr. M. R. Wiesner. Knowledge acquisition will be an
on-going process generating sequential system prototypes. The Kappa statistic will be employed
to validate the system with multiple technology and industry experts to assure quality.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
EPA Grant Number: R828598C012
Subproject: this is subproject number 012 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Stochastic Risk Assessment for Bioremediation
Investigators: Bill Batchelor, Juan B. Valdes
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Sites contaminated with hazardous wastes show high levels of variability in the extent and
distribution of contaminants; in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the site;
and in performance of treatment technologies that can be applied to remediate the site.
Therefore, stochastic tools that explicitly consider the variability at the site are needed to
evaluate risks associated with the site and to effectively evaluate alternative technologies for
remediation. Risk assessment is in particular need of stochastic approaches to avoid problems
associated with deterministic risk assessments. These problems include excessive and
unqualified levels of conservatism in estimating risk, and lack of recognition of the high
variability associated with risk calculations. Bioremediation is a good technology for which to
develop stochastic tools because of its increasingly wide acceptance.
The project is continuing development of risk assessment procedures for bioremediation. We
have developed a stochastic risk assessment procedure and have applied it to calculate the
distribution of risks at a site before remediation occurs. We are currently developing a stochastic
model for bioremediation that will allow us to estimate the reduction of risk as a function of
remediation time. After the current project year, we will have developed the framework of the
stochastic bioremediation model, obtained information on the variability of bioremediation at
sites, and begun development of stochastic descriptions of model parameters. Continuation of
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this project will allow incorporation of the bioremediation model with the risk assessment model
and application of the model to evaluate risk reduction at sites. This will provide a tool for
stochastically evaluating how risks at a site change as bioremediation is applied and thereby
provide a means for determining how long the treatment period must last.
The project goal will be accomplished by completing five specific objectives. The first two will
be completed and the third will commence during the current project year. The third, fourth, and
fifth specific objectives will be completed during the proposed continuation project period.
Specific Objective 1 is to develop a framework for the stochastic bioremediation model. Two
approaches for this model have been identified. A first-order decay model will provide a simple
framework that can be used with little data from the site. A more complex model based on the
Haldane kinetics will provide the framework for the model when sufficient data are available to
characterize its additional parameters.
The second objective will be to obtain data on the variability of bioremediation. Two types of
variability will be considered ~ that resulting from the natural variability of the site and that
resulting from interactions among the site characteristics and the processes of bioremediation.
Information on the first type will be quantified by evaluating variability of treatability data for
bioremediation. An example of the second type would be the effect of the variability of hydraulic
conductivity.^ an aquifer on the ability to supply microorganisms with oxygen and nutrients.
Scenarios for bioremediation in an aquifer and in a pond will be studied in quantifying such
sources of variability.
The third objective will be to apply the data obtained on the variability of bioremediation to
develop a stochastic description of the parameters in the stochastic bioremediation model.
The fourth objective will be to combine the bioremediation model with the risk assessment
model. The bioremediation model will then be able to provide information on the variability of
the contaminant concentration distribution so that the risk assessment model can calculate the
distribution of expected risks and how they change during remediation.
The last objective will be to use the model to characterize how bioremediation processes reduce
risk. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted to determine the major sources of variability in risk
calculations.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical Fluids
EPA Grant Number: R828598C013
Subproject: this is subproject number 013 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Selective Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater by Chelation in Supercritical Fluids
Investigators: Aydin Akgerman, Can Erkey
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
A wide variety of industries such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacturing, metal
finishing, and printed circuit manufacturing create waste water streams that are polluted with
heavy metals. Recent federal amendments to the Clean Water Act limit the metal concentrations
that can be discharged from these industries. Therefore, there is a need to develop cost-effective
and environmentally friendly processes to recover heavy metals from waste water streams.
The objective of this proposed study is to investigate the feasibility of a novel process for
removing heavy metals from wastewater. In this process, the chelating agent of interest is
dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide and contacted with the waste water stream. The metal
reacts with the chelating agent to form a metal chelate which transfers into the supercritical
phase.
The main objective of the proposed study is to investigate the potential and feasibility of the
proposed process. Specifically, we will measure the solubilities of various commercial chelating
agents and metal-chelate complexes in supercritical carbon dioxide. Then, we will determine the
distribution coefficients of various heavy metals between water and supercritical carbon dioxide
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that contains the chelating agent. This data will form the basis for designing a counter current
extractor for assessment of the commercial potential of the process.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils
EPA Grant Number: R828598C014
Subproject: this is subproject number 014 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Optimization of Treatment Technologies for Detoxification of PCB Contaminated Soils
Investigators: Kirby C. Donnelly, Bruce E. Dale
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
This proposal describes research to develop a procedure for remediation of soils contaminated
with halogenated hydrocarbons. The research proposes to test, separately and in combination, a
chemical process for reductive dehalogenation and a biological process for dehalogenation and
oxidation. During the first year, an EPA permit was received and PCB contaminated soil was
collected and characterized. In the third quarter, the tests were initiated in greenhouse boxes
using an aged soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Chemical pretreatment
was accomplished using a potassium polyethylene glycol reagent.
Biodegradation is being evaluated using pretreated soil and soils which have been inoculated
with PCB- degrading Pseudomona sp. strain LB400. An uninoculated soil serves as a control,
while replicated samples of an uncontaminated soil are extracted and analyzed as a field blank.
Soils are extracted using methylene chloride and methanol on a Tecator Soxtec apparatus. The
extracts are being analyzed for PCB congeners using GC and GC/MS; toxicity to
microorganisms is measured using a plate count technique, and genetic and immunotoxicity are
measured using in vitro bioassays. The degree of detoxification achieved by each treatment will
be compared using standard risk assessment methodology and bioassay-based risk assessment.
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The results from the study should define the most effective procedure for reducing the toxicity of
PCB-contaminated soil.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
EPA Grant Number: R828598C015
Subproject: this is subproject number 015 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Wastewater Remediation by Catalytic Wet Oxidation
Investigators: Aydin Akgerman
Institution:_Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Although there are many established technologies for the treatment of dissolved organics in
wastewater ranging from biodegradation to granulated activated carbon adsorption to
photocatalytic oxidation, none is applicable to treatment of heavily contaminated waters
(moderate to high levels of organic concentration) where the organic species may even be in a
separate phase. Furthermore, most of these technologies result in a waste stream (such as sludge,
contaminated carbon) that requires further treatment. In this study, we propose to evaluate the
efficiency of catalytic wet oxidation as an alternative technology for the removal of organic
compounds from aqueous waste streams. In this technology, the organics are converted into
environmentally acceptable end-products, such as carbon dioxide and water, and thus no new
form of waste is produced.
Catalytic wet oxidation provides an excellent alternative for the remediation of waste water
streams containing organics. The first objective of this study was to evaluate catalyst activity and
stability for use in wet oxidation in a batch reactor. Using phenol as the model compound, we
have shown that platinum on titanium catalyst (Englehart) is the suitable catalyst for wet
oxidation.
Reaction temperature and catalyst loading optimization studies have been completed and a
kinetic model has been fit to experimental phenol disappearance data. Our second objective is to
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evaluate the catalysts for long periods on stream in a trickle bed reactor which will be optimized
through the kinetic data obtained in the batch system. Finally, our third objective is to study
model systems and actual refinery and/or chemical industry waste water streams in a laboratory
scale trickle bed reactor in order to obtain sufficient data for design and cost estimates of an
industrial scale catalytic wet oxidation process.
As model organic contaminants, we will use both polar and non-polar compounds such as
hydrocarbons (toluene, tetralin), oxygenates (phenol, oils), chlorinated compounds
(dichlorobenzene, chlorophenol). and nitro compounds (anilines, diazo compounds) in order to
evaluate the effect of different functional groups on reaction by-products. In addition, we will
use synthetic mixtures of these compounds as well as complex mixtures such as creosotes.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
EPA Grant Number: R828598C016
Subproject: this is subproject number 016, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Permanence of Metals Containment in Solidified and Stabilized Wastes
Investigators: Larry P. Wilding, Bill Batchelor
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Solidification/stabilization remediation technologies have been demonstrated to be an acceptable
method of treatment for immobilizing heavy metals in contaminated soils and sludges. Despite
the increased use of solidification/stabilization treatment processes, very little long- term
research has been conducted on the mechanisms of contaminant containment. Effective use of
solidification/stabilization processes requires improved knowledge of the chemical and physical
alteration and degradation of solidified and stabilized wastes once the treated wastes have been
landfilled. Mineralogic analyses of treated wastes that have been exposed to aging (weathering)
will provide basic knowledge about chemical and physical degradation processes, the durability
of solidified and stabilized wastes, and the permanence of metals containment in the treated
wastes over time.
The objective of the proposed research is to continue work done under Project No.
103TAM0343 by further investigating the mineral phase- relationships in the treated waste
samples through the use of transmission electron microscopy and electron microprobe analyses,
in addition to the ongoing optical and scanning electron microscopy and X- ray diffraction
analyses. Transmission electron microscopy is a vital tool in evaluating the submicron-sized and
poorly crystallized materials present in the treated wastes. The electron microprobe will be used
on appropriate samples of treated waste to illustrate grain boundary diffusion mechanics of ion
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sorption, and mineral transformations that occur as a result of aging. The additional
submicroscopic analyses will enhance the ongoing study to evaluate the permanence of metals
containment in solidified and stabilized wastes.
Practical benefits of the proposed research include (1) determination of the extent to which
metals are permanently stabilized, providing valuable documentation of the long-term stability of
solidified and stabilized wastes; (2) identification of mechanisms of chemical stabilization,
including identification of controlling mineral phases when precipitation or dissolution occurs,
providing documentation of important factors for developing theoretical leaching models; (3)
generation of data upon which mechanisms for impermanence could be based, allowing the
development of short-term tests with which to measure long-term solidification/stabilization
performance; and (4) quantification of the extent of mixing achieved, allowing the evaluation of
different mixing devices used to produce the treated wastes. In addition, direct field
measurements could be incorporated into theoretical risk assessment models to provide more
accurate long-term predictions.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of Hazardous
Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
EPA Grant Number: R828598C017
Subproject: this is subproject number 017 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Combustion Enhancement by Radial Jet Reattachment - Low Generation of Hazardous
Gases and High Thermal Efficiency
Investigators: J. Seyed-Yagoobi
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
The Radial Jet Reattachment (RJR) nozzle developed at Texas A&M University is a device that
produces extremely high transport properties between the nozzle and the reattachment surface,
and it also provides a strong recirculation region. The device has many uses in heating or cooling
surfaces, listing or blowing away surfaces, drying or wetting surfaces, and providing a region for
chemical reactions above or near a surface (flame heating).
The feasibility of using a single RJR nozzle concept for natural gas combustion has been
successfully demonstrated at our laboratory. The research results have shown very low Nox and
CO generation, a very stable and clean combustion, and effective flame impingement heat
transfer with the use of the RJR combustion nozzle. The main objective of this proposed research
is to study the interaction among multiple RJR combustion nozzles to determine the optimum
design criteria that result in a minimum generation of undesirable combustion product with a
maximum heat transfer to the impingement surface. The second objective of the proposed
research is to investigate the curvature effect of the impingement surface on the combustion. The
existing Combustion Jet Impingement Facility (CJIF) will be utilized for this proposed
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experimental work. The facility is well instrumented with air and gas flow meters and equipped
with the state- of-the-art gas analyzers to determine NO, NOX, CO, CO2, and O2 concentrations in
the combustion exhaust gases.
The combustion facility also allows the direct measurements of the heat transfer to the
impingement surface, as well as temperature and pressure profiles along the heated impingement
surface under various operating conditions.
Many industries use flame heating of surfaces. A conservative assumption of 15% improvement
in flame heating efficiency will result in significant savings in energy and natural gas
consumption. More importantly, this will be accomplished by reducing the generation of the
hazardous combustion products such as NOX and CO by at least a factor of three and five,
respectively, compared to the typical co-axial flame heating technology currently used in
industry (these estimations are based on our existing data for a single RJR Combustion nozzle).
Upon completion of the proposed research, the RJR Combustion technology will be ready to be
incorporated in appropriate industrial processes where a clean, stable, and efficient flame heating
is desirable. For instance, this technology can be used in processes requiring surface heat treating
of materials such as glass or metal. Furthermore, this technology can be used to provide high
temperature dryer drums for application in the paper industry, replacing a century old
technology. Existing steam dryer drums are thermally very inefficient (less than 60 percent) and
their operation temperatures are limited to 370°F. Current industry demand is for high
temperature dryer drums (higher temperatures allow for higher machine speeds), which provide a
uniform temperature distribution along the drum. The RJR Combustion technology shows a
definite promise for such an application. It has the potential to provide an environmentally safe,
energy efficient, high uniform temperature heating of dryer drums.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
EPA Grant Number: R828598C018
Subproject: this is subproject number 018 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: A Process To Convert Industrial Biosludge and Paper Fines to Mixed Alcohol Fuels
Investigators: Mark Holtzapple
Institutiom-Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The proposed research will focus on converting two wastes - industrial biosludge and paper fines
- into useful products. Industrial biosludge results when industrial wastewater is biologically
treated; the cells that grow on the waste must be purged from the system. Disposal costs
typically range from $200 to $750/dry tonne. Paper fines result when paper is recycled;
approximately 10 to 15% of the recycled paper must be purged because the fibers are too short
for reuse. Disposal costs via landfills are $8 to $180/dry tonne with an average of $50/dry tonne.
These two wastes will be blended and converted to mixed alcohol fuels via the MixAlco process,
a proprietary technology owned by Texas A&M University and the State of Texas.
The MixAlco process converts biodegradable wastes, such as paper fines and industrial
biosludge, into mixed alcohol fuels (e.g., isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol). The wastes are
first treated with lime to enhance reactivity; then they are converted to volatile fatty acids
(VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid - using a mixed culture of
microorganisms derived from cattle rumen or anaerobic waste treatment facilities. The paper
fines provide energy and the industrial biosludge provides nutrients for the microorganisms. A
neutralizing agent (e.g., lime or calcium carbonate) is added to the fermentor to maintain the pH
near neutrality, thus the VFAs become VFA salts (e.g., calcium acetate, propionate, and
butyrate). Using proprietary technology, the VFA salts are concentrated and then thermally
converted to ketones which are subsequently hydrogenated to alcohols.
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Research will be performed on the fermentation portion of the process. The rates and yields of
the fermentation step will be determined by growing the mixed culture of VFA-producing
microorganisms in a 1-L centrifuge bottle. The cells and unreacted feedstock are easily separated
Assuming the mixed alcohol fuels sell for $0.80/gal (a price typical of fuel oxygenates) and the
investors obtain a 45% return on investment, the blended wastes can be accepted for a tipping
fee of S28/dry tonne, which is substantially less than current disposal costs.
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Botonneo
Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
EPA Grant Number: R828598C019
Subproject: this is subproject number 019 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Homogeneous Catalysis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Investigators: Ay din Akgerman
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
This project focuses on pollution prevention in chemical process industries by replacing organic
solvents used in homogeneous catalysis with environmentally friendly solvents. We propose to
evaluate supercritical fluids as the solvent in homogeneous catalysis. Furthermore, supercritical
fluids bring desirable advantages when used as the reaction media.
Homogeneous catalysts are normally soluble metal salts or complexes that are dissolved in a
suitable organic solvent which is used as the reaction medium. These solvents are coming under
close scrutiny because of their toxicity, and there is a motion in industry today to replace these
solvents with environmentally benign solvents. Supercritical fluids have properties that could
make them nearly the ideal media for conducting homogeneous catalytic processes that involve
reactions of gas phase reactants with soluble liquid or solid substrates. Gases are completely
miscible with supercritical fluids. Therefore, gas phase reactant concentrations in the
supercritical media would typically be much higher than achievable in normal liquids.
Furthermore, very large negative partial molar volumes in supercritical systems can be exploited
to adjust rate constants of many reactions in order to achieve high selectivities.
In this project we propose to use supercritical carbon dioxide as the reaction medium for
homogeneous catalysis. Supercritical carbon dioxide is non-toxic and environmentally
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acceptable. It is non- flammable, thus its use does not introduce a safety hazard during operation.
It has a low critical temperature, 31.3°C and a moderate critical pressure, 73.8 bar (1073 psia); it
is cheap and readily available in large quantities.
We propose to concentrate on two classes of reactions commonly performed by homogeneous
catalysis employing organic solvents, namely hydroformulation and oligomerization.
Hydroformulation is a carbon insertion reaction, very important in building new products,
whereas oligomerization reactions are widely used on an industrial scale either to provide high
added value chemicals or to upgrade by-product olefinic streams. Both reactions are used
extensively in manufacture of high value fine chemicals and/or Pharmaceuticals.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced Solidification/Stabilization
Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
EPA Grant Number: R828598C021
Subproject: this is subproject number 021 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: The Binding Chemistry and Leaching Mechanisms of Advanced
Solidification/Stabilization Systems for Hazardous Waste Management
Investigators: David L Cocke
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The GCHSRC sponsored team has made enormous progress in understanding the binding
chemistry and leaching mechanisms of priority metal pollutants in cement based
solidification/stabilization (S/S) systems.
Concepts and models have been developed and refined on rather simple systems and these are
drawing national and international attention. However the complex hazardous waste problems
being attacked today are requiring commercial vendors to empirically design more complex S/S
schemes to meet growing use of this technology for hazardous waste management of complex
waste systems containing organics and inorganics. This proposal requests funding to examine the
chemical and physical mechanisms of the additives of the more complex S/S systems to clearly
delineate their effects on the binding chemistry and leaching mechanisms and to design
improved systems to handle these complex wastes. It can be divided into three main tasks:
(a) To apply our advanced understanding of the chemistry of cementitious and pozzolanic
materials to explain the operation of accelerators, inhibitors, and property modification additives,
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(b) to apply and exploit binding chemistry concepts, models and mechanisms that will lead the
way to the design of improved stabilization/solidification processes for complex wastes, and
(c) to transfer this technology directly to the vendors for commercialization.
The binding chemistry changes induced by controlling the nature of the metal or organic in
solution, the nature during adsorption, reactive coating, reactive incorporation, and the nature
and charge of the surface will be explored by surface analysis using XPS, ISS, AES, and RBS
and bulk techniques using XRD, SEM-EDS, and optical spectroscopies. The advanced models
and concepts already developed will be applied to tailor additives, predict changes in the solution
chemistry, and develop prescriptions for the optimal stabilization and solidification of the above
individual and complex waste forms. The objective to produce the most unleachable products
will be tested with standard and accelerated leaching procedures. In addition the material
structure as to pore volume, pore area, bulk density, and pore diameter will be probed before and
after metal doping and before and after leaching with mercury porosimetry to allow the leaching
models to be further refined The results will be correlated with Ortego's results at Lamar
University and Cartledge's results from LSU and will be examined by Batchelor from TAMU for
incorporation in his leaching models, which can differentiate the chemical and physical
influences. This proposal requests funding to proceed to the next stage in S/S research that more
closely approaches the actual commercial needs of practicing vendors.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To Treat a
Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
EPA Grant Number: R828598C022
Subproject: this is subproject number 022 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Development of an Air-Stripping and UV/H2O2 Oxidation Integrated Process To Treat a
Chloro-Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Ground Water
Investigators: Ku-Yen Li
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Contamination of ground water by synthetic organic chemicals, especially chloro-hydrocarbons,
is a nationwide problem. Chloro-hydrocarbons are heavier than water and are quite persistent to
bio/photo-degradations. Current treatment method for contaminated ground water is air stripping
followed by thermal destruction of the air stream. However, some of the low- volatile
compounds, such as dichloroethyl ether (DCEE), can not be removed cost-effectively by air
stripping. DCEE can be destructed effectively by UV/H2O2 oxidation as has been reported by
this research project. Therefore, the objective of this project was to develop an integrated
treatment method of air- stripping and UV/H2O2 oxidation to treat the chloro- hydrocarbon
contaminated ground water.
This research project has moved one step closer toward a field test: 55 gallons of
field-contaminated ground water was collected for experimental use. More than fifty
contaminants were identified in this sample. Chemical analysis also indicated very high salinity
and hardness. This contaminated ground water was treated by air-stripping followed by
UV-peroxidation reaction. Preliminary results indicated the treated ground water contained only
non-volatile and non-chloro compounds. Since these organic compounds are non-toxic to the
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activated sludge, this residual water could be discharged to an aeration lagoon for biodegradation
or to a surface water if permitted.
Experimental results from this laboratory and others indicate that UV peroxidation of chlorinated
hydrocarbons is controlled by the direct attack of OH free radicals. This free radical attack
causes dechlorination followed by oxidation. Therefore it is proposed in this project to enhance
the oxidation efficiency by increasing the OH free radical generation rate. The OH free radical
generation rate may be increased by increasing the quantum yield of UV photolysis of H2O2 or
by adding a catalyst such as soluble iron salt or TiO2.
A cost analysis of this integrated process will be performed to find an optimum conditions for
the air-stripping so that a lower treatment cost can be achieved.
The objectives of this project during the next year are:
1) to improve the efficiency of the UV/H2O2 reactor by increasing the hydroxyl free radical
generation rate, and
2) to find an optimum balance in between the air-stripping and the UV7H2O2 treatment processes
to achieve a lower treatment cost.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
EPA Grant Number: R828598C023
Subproject: this is subproject number 023 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C, Ho
Title: A Comparative Study of Siting Opposition in Two Counties
Investigators: Stuart A. Wright
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
This proposal is a comparative analysis of two contested hazardous waste disposal siting cases in
the Gulf Coast region of Texas employing identical treatment methods and technologies
(solidification and salt dome disposal). The study is designed to identify the sources of
community opposition and the role of non-technical variables correlated with siting failure. By
introducing controls over the technical aspects of siting, it becomes possible to measure the
effects of the non-technical (social, political, economic) variables. It is not uncommon that
technical controversies center largely on non-technical issues (e.g., disputes over the appropriate
role of government, individual autonomy vs. community goals, moral or ethical issues). To
assume that siting conflicts are strictly matters of engineering and science shows poor
sociological insight.
Technology is important, but it may not be the most important consideration in environmental
conflicts. A determination of the role of nontechnical factors is enhanced in the proposed
research design. Methodologically, findings drawn from single case studies may be muddled by
the fact that they lack comparable conditions or parallels. Comparisons with other siting cases
involving different technologies or methods of treatment (e.g., incineration), or even different
types of waste (e.g., nuclear, conventional), confound the problem and are vulnerable to the
"apples and oranges" criticism. The apples and oranges problem is avoided here. Moreover,
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should the comparison case yield a different outcome, it would be possible to isolate those
factors related to public acceptance or siting success from among the residual variables.
The project builds on a feasibility study conducted last year confirming assessments of a
potential comparison case: (1) the waste company submitting the permit application has
proposed identical treatment and disposal methods as the failed Liberty county case- studied
previously; (2) the permit application is near completion; (3) the community opposition group
(Concerned Citizens Against Pollution) has declared intentions to fight the new permit; (4)
permission for gaining access to key personnel in both the waste company and the local
opposition group has been secured; and (5) the waste company has recognized the importance of
community involvement and democratic participation in the siting process and expressed a
willingness to meet with opposition leaders. Generally, this proposal outlines how a comparative
analysis of two contested sites might be conducted in order to better understand how sociological
factors influence and shape public responses.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process Optimization and
Pathway Studies
EPA Grant Number: R828598C024
Subproject: this is subproject number 024 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous Organic Compounds II: Process Optimization and
Pathway Studies
Investigators: Thomas Junk, W. James Catallo
Institution: Louisiana State University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The presence of hazardous waste mixtures in sediments and aquifers of the U.S. presents a major
challenge in terms of developing effective and feasible remediation technologies. A treatment
system well suited for this task should (a) efficiently remove refractory chemicals under actual
field conditions in a reliable and cost-effective fashion, (b) avoid environmentally damaging
technologies such as excavation or introduction of harmful chemicals, and (c) allow in-situ
treatment of large volumes of soils or sediments without the burden of large scale transportation.
Currently, few remediation methods satisfy these criteria.
Previous work by the authors addressed the use of ultrasonification as an environmentally
benign, field deployable method that is based on mature, readily available hardware. While this
technology has received some attention in the recent past, and pilot scale efforts are underway to
apply it to the dechlorination of residues of carbon tetrachloride in soils and ground water, its
scope, exact effects on substrates, and limitations are poorly understood. This lack of
mechanistic understanding, rather than practical difficulties in its implementation, is a major
limiting factor in evaluating its deployment at this time.
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The authors have previously demonstrated that sonochemical pollutant degradation is applicable
to a much wider range of chemicals than reported in the literature, including chlorinated phenols,
organophosphorus pesticides, and complex waste mixtures containing chlorinated paraffins,
olefms, and aromatics (Catallo, W. J., and Junk, T. Waste Management, 15(4), 1995).
Three objectives will be targeted in the current study. The first is a deeper mechanistic
understanding of the processes which ultimately lead to substrate destruction. Polar organic,
nonpolar organic, volatile, and inorganic sonolysis products in aqueous treatment systems will be
identified and quantified. Stable isotope exchange/incorporation studies using deuterated and
protiated standards will be deployed in order to gain information on sonochemical reaction
mechanisms. Second, procedural variations will be evaluated to optimize degradation rates and
minimize energy and time requirements for sonolytical treatment methods. For example, factors
such as novel cell design, additive ultrasonic sources, and physicochemical manipulation of the
treatment system will be examined. Finally, the use of this technology in treating
nitrogen-containing organic explosives (e.g., nitrotoluenes, RDX, HMX) pose a considerable
contamination problem. Initial, semi-quantitative experiments indicated a high level of substrate
degradation for trinitrotoluene, but rates and reactions products are currently unknown. The
present work will build on insights and data generated in a previous GCHSRC-funded effort,
"Sonochemical Treatment of Hazardous and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Systems"
(1993-94), which demonstrated the sonochemical degradation of a range of polychlorinated
organic compounds and provided preliminary mechanistic insights.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
EPA Grant Number: R828598C025
Subproject: this is subproject number 025 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Laser Diagnostics of the Combustion Process within a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
Investigators: Timothy J. Garrison
Institution: Louisiana State University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
This research program seeks to improve the scientific foundation of the key processes occurring
within a rotary kiln waste incinerator. To date, much of the research on large-scale incinerators
has been "black box" in nature; a majority of the existing knowledge on these systems consists of
empirical observations developed through species measurements made within the stack gases. To
date, very little research has examined the complex physics governing the combustion process
internal to a large- scale hazardous waste incinerator. As a result, the current understanding of
the incineration process is restricted, making it difficult to develop improvements to the process.
The main intent of the proposed research is to transfer technology used to visualize, measure,
and understand the complex processes within military aircraft combustors to study the
combustion within a waste incinerator. In particular, the primary objective of the research
program is to develop a laser diagnostic system that can be used to study and enhance the
combustion within a large-scale rotary kiln incinerator. The laser diagnostic system will be used
to study the combustion within a newly established research rotary kiln located at Louisiana
State University (LSU). This facility, which is a down-scaled version of a complete incineration
system typically used in industry, provides the necessary test bed within which the laser
diagnostics can be applied. The ultimate objective of the research program will be the
development of methods for controlling the combustion process to optimize waste destruction
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efficiency and, hence, to decrease costs and emissions. The subject research program will
facilitate the development of the instruments needed to accomplish this objective.
The primary thrust of the research program will be to develop both a Planar Laser Induced
Fluorescence (PLIF) system and a Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) system that can be used to
study the combustion within LSU's rotary kiln incinerator. The PLIF system will be used to
qualitatively observe the formation of various combustion products (e.g., NOx and OH)
throughout the primary and secondary combustion chambers. This system will be used to
develop a direct link between events occurring internal to the incinerator and the measured
species levels in the stack gases. Moreover, it will enable determination of the events which lead
to elevated emissions and will provide a mechanism for evaluating methods to alleviate such
occurrences.
The PLS system will be used to visualize the flow pattern within the primary rotating kiln. Past
research has demonstrated that the flow pattern within an incinerator is a critical parameter in
achieving efficient waste destruction. It governs the mixing of the fuel (i.e., waste material) and
oxidizer, the residence time within the combustion zone, and the temperature distribution, all of
which are controlling factors in the incineration process. However, research directed at
understanding these mechanism has gone largely unaddressed.
Both the PLJF and PLS instruments are ideally suited for measurements within the rotary kiln
incinerator. The primary advantage is that both methods are non-intrusive, enabling data to be
collected despite the harsh operating environment within the kiln. Additionally, both methods
provide field data over large portions of the combustion chamber in a single set of experiments.
Once these instruments have been adapted to work within the waste incinerator, the data and
knowledge they provide will be used to develop and assess methods for enhancing the efficiency
of waste incinerators.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
EPA Grant Number: R828598C026
Subproject: this is subproject number 026 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Use of Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Hazardous Waste Remediation
Investigators: Abraham Clearfield, A. I. Bortun
Institution: Texas A & M University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Organic ion exchange resins find extensive use for the removal of toxic heavy metals such as
lead, mercury, and chromium from a variety of industrial processes. They are finding increasing
use for waste minimization and management. However, the commercially available resins are
only partially effective or unusable in many situations, and new materials are required. We have
chosen to examine three such situations (i) the removal of trace or low levels of cations from hot
organic solvents, (ii) separation and recovery of Cr3+ from tannery waste, and (iii) recovery of
precious metals from hostile environments such as nuclear waste streams. There exists a large
array of inorganic compounds which possess ion exchange properties. We will utilize natural and
synthetic micas, layered titanium and zirconium phosphates, both as gels and crystals,
compounds with tunnel structures of the pharmocosiderite type and redox exchangers to
accomplish our objectives.
Organic resins are not stable in organic solvents at elevated temperatures. Thus, many solvents
must be cooled and diluted with water in order to remove ions such as Cu2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+.
These ions need to be removed in order to reuse the solvents and minimize waste disposal of
these toxic solutions. The inorganic exchangers chosen are stable in hot organics, have high
exchange capacities, and can be used without cooling or diluting the solvents. Tests will be run
on solutions of benzyl alcohol and toluene to determine the most suitable inorganic exchangers,
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and then column experiments will be carried out with simulated industrial solutions of the
metallic ions. Each year thousands of tons of valuable chromium hydroxide are discarded
because the currently available organic resins are not selective enough to separate Cr3+ from
A13+, Fe3+ in the tanning solutions. Highly selective inorganic exchangers will be chosen and
separations carried out on simulated tannery solutions.
Hundreds of millions of dollars of precious metals are often present in hostile environments
(nuclear wastes) and in very dilute solutions. Their recovery will be facilitated by use of redox
inorganic exchangers that exchange Pd2+, Rh2+, Ru2+ onto their surface and reduce them
spontaneously to metal. All other ions are washed off, and then the metals are reoxidized and
washed off the exchanger in pure form and recovered.
Our broader long range objective is to show that inorganic ion exchangers can solve a variety of
waste management problems and work with an industrial partner (currently Allied Signal Corp.)
to help commercialize the exchangers.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating Oils
EPA Grant Number: R828598C027
Subproject: this is subproject number 027, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Kaolinite Sorbent for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Incinerated Lubricating Oils
Investigators: Matthew J. Hall
Institution: University of Texas
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
In this experimental research the use of sorbents is being investigated as a means of removing
airborne lead and barium from the effluent stream of a liquid waste incinerator. For the case
being investigated, the metals enter the gas phase as a result of the incineration of waste
lubricating oils containing these metals.
Questions concerning emissions of heavy metals are among the most important associated with
incineration of municipal and industrial waste. While the human health risk of incinerator
emissions appears to be small, metal emissions have been the dominant component of the risk
levels identified thus far. Many of the metals found in incinerator effluents are known to be
hazardous to humans at high enough levels of exposure, causing either long-term illness or more
immediate acute symptoms. Among those of concern are arsenic, barium, beryllium, chromium,
cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc. Lead and barium will be the focus of this study since
these are two of the most prominent metals found in waste lubricating oils. Human exposure to
lead can cause serious illnesses, including damage to the nervous system and kidneys. Barium
and barium compounds can be skin and eye irritants; long-term effects of exposure are
undetermined.
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The objective of the research is to study the use of inorganic sorbents to adsorb heavy metal
emissions from incinerated metal containing waste such as waste lubricating oils.
Alumino-silicate sorbents such as kaolinite and alumina are being examined. In an application,
the artificially introduced sorbents could be removed from the effluent stream of a waste
incinerator using conventional baghouse collection techniques. Kaolinite has been found to bind
chemically to airborne lead emissions. Because of the strong chemical bond between the lead
and the kaolinite, it is considered nonleachable. Kaolinite is an inexpensive, naturally occurring
clay and is an excellent material for cement manufacture. In certain types of construction,
cement made from the spent metal containing sorbents may be acceptable, providing a
convenient means of disposal.
A 13 kW turbulent flow reactor is used to achieve the temperature and residence times typical of
a waste incinerator. An organometallic, lead (II) ethylhexanoate or barium naphthenate, mixed
with heptane was burned with air yielding between 15 and 3000 ppmv of the metal in the gases.
Sorbent (kaolinite or hydrated lime) was introduced upstream of the reaction zone. Samples of
lead or barium collected without sorbent injection showed the metals' particle size distributions
in the submicron range.
A computer code, MAEROS2, was adapted to predict lead oxide particle size distribution for
similar combustor conditions and was compared with experimental results. The sorbents were
effective in scavenging lead. With kaolinite sorbent, lead concentrations were inversely
proportional to particle diameter. Even with sorbent, the barium was found predominantly in the
submicron size range - suggesting little adsorption.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic Steam
Reforming
EPA Grant Number: R828598C028
Subproject: this is subproject number 028 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Process Streams Using Catalytic Steam
Reforming
Investigators: James T. Richardson
Institution: University of Houston, University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
There are about 15,000 chlorinated compounds in commercial use, including pesticides,
Pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, and consumer products such as plastics. In addition, chlorine
intermediates are used in reactions leading to nonchlorinated products, such as silicon for
electronic chips or epoxy resins. About 85% of pharmaceuticals require chlorine at some stage of
their manufacture. Technology not only needs to eliminate toxic emissions from these industries
but also to destroy the vast quantities of chlorinated solvents, chloroaromatics, and PCBs
contaminating dump sites, soils, and water supplies. A novel method is catalytic destruction of
chlorocarbons with steam which is cleaner and more cost effective than incineration with air.
Research at the University of Houston demonstrated the viability of this approach to detoxify
chlorocarbons such as solvents, substituted aromatics, and PCBs.
Fundamental research has resulted in rate equations, surface mechanisms, catalyst activity
patterns, and deactivation trends. Long-term tests have shown 5-nines destruction at
temperatures from 500 to 800°C and gas hourly space velocities from 10,000 to 200,000 hf1,
without formation of harmful intermediate products but with production of HC1, CH4, CO, and
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H2, and projections indicate even high levels possible. The technology is poised for
commercialization, but first we must design and test suitable large scale reactors that operate at
high efficiency without parallel thermal reactions. We have selected three novel designs in which
the catalyst bed is heated internally in order to enhance the catalytic path. The first of these, a
ceramic foam heated by infrared lamps, is now being tested in long-term runs designed to
develop scale-up data and operating experience.
At the same time, we are collaborating with a local company to design a prototype unit suitable
for on-site testing in a process to remove chlorinated hydrocarbons from landfill gas. This
project will test the other reactor designs to provide a sound rationale for selecting the best in
terms of efficiency of destruction, long-term stability, operability, maintenance, safety, and cost.
These designs are a conventional bed of catalysts heated with a radio frequency induction coil
and a ceramic-coated metal monolith heated by electric current.
This phase of the project will cost about $65,000 and take one year to complete. This technology
will be applicable not only to landfill gas facilities but also to other processes such as PVC
production and semiconductor manufacturing in which process streams must be cleaned of
chlorinated hydrocarbons in order to reduce emissions. Since the process units are compact and
constructed in modules, they will be also suitable for clean-up of existing sites.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and
Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
EPA Grant Number: R828598C029
Subproject: this is subproject number 029 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Integrated Process Treatment Train (Bioremediation {Aerobic/Anaerobic} and
Immobilization) for Texas Soils Contaminated with Combined Hazardous Wastes
Investigators: C. Vipulanandan, Dennis Clifford, D. J. Roberts
Institution: University of Houston , University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The complexity of contaminated soils requiring treatment and the imposition of strict regulatory
requirements for the allowable types and levels of contaminants present in soils often precludes
the use of only one treatment technique to decontaminate the soils. The solution will often
require the use of several treatment processes in a "treatment train". In this study, a cost-effective
treatment train to treat Texas soils that are highly contaminated with organic compounds and
heavy metals is being developed. Several soil and treatment parameters affecting the
development of the treatment train have been investigated.
Both synthetically contaminated soils (control soils) and field soils have been used in this study.
The composition of the control soil sample was 20% clay (kaolinite or bentonite) and 80% sand.
New studies have incorporated up to 4% soil humus into the control soil. The control soils were
contaminated with various amounts of phenol, kerosene, lead, or chromium and then used for
parametric studies.
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Field samples were collected from a trolley car maintenance site and two lead battery recycling
sites in Houston, Texas. Ordinary Portland cement and a phosphate solution were used in
solidifying and stabilizing Pb-contaminated soils. Adsorption-desorption isotherms for clay with
phenol, lead, naphthalene, and Cr(VI) have been developed.
A culture developed during this research (UH-I) degraded up to 1800 mg/L phenol within eight
days (the highest concentration reported in the literature). Up to 30 mg/L of Pb did not affect the
degradation of 1000 mgl of phenol by UH-I. The culture effectively degraded the phenol from a
soil contaminated with 10,000 mg/kg phenol in three days, in a continuously stirred batch
reactor, at a loading of 50 g/1 of contaminated soil. Successful solidification/stabilization (S/S)
with cement binder was only accomplished after the phenol concentration in the soil was reduced
to 400 mg/kg. A field soil contaminated with up to 800 mg total extractable hydrocarbons/kg soil
and 450-750 mg Pb/kg soil was effectively treated by initial biodegradation of the organic
compounds and then solidification of the residues and remaining soil using cement. Field soils
contaminated up to 10,000 mg/kg of Pb were effectively solidified/stabilized with cement binder.
Successful phosphate stabilization experiments were performed on lead battery recycling site
soils containing up to 80,000 mg Pb/kg soil. The simple addition of soluble phosphate and
chloride salts led to the formation of chloropyromorphite, Pb5(PO4)3Cl, an extremely insoluble
form of lead, which easily passed the TCLP test. More work is proposed for the next year on the
procedures for in-situ phosphate stabilization and its long term viability.
For the next year of study, we will continue to study the effect of soil humus in the soil on the
treatment methods. The effect of additional contaminants such as a polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH), kerosene, and chromium (Cr) on the treatment techniques will also be
investigated. Research concerning the chemical stabilization of Pb-contaminated soil with
phosphate/chloride solutions will focus on the stability of the complex under natural conditions
and under accelerated biological growth. Developing the process treatment train will focus on
the optimization of operating conditions for the treatment processes.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial and
Environmental Remediation Sources
EPA Grant Number: R828598C030
Subproject: this is subproject number 030 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Photo-Oxidation by H2O2/VisUV of Off-Gas Atmospheric Emissions from Industrial and
Environmental Remediation Sources
Investigators: H. W. Prengle, James M. Symons
Institution: University of Houston, University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Gaseous emissions originate from a number of sources: manufacturing and production
operations, waste water treatment, contaminated ground water, soil remediation, and other
commercial operations. This research is an extension of the H2O2/VisUV process for waterborne
hazardous substances.
In 1995, work was completed on photo-oxidation of benzene (BNZ), trichloroethylene (TCE),
trichloroethane (TCA), methanol (MTH), isohexane (IHX), nitromethane (NMH), and certain
mixtures. The close-out funding will permit experiments on four to five additional compounds
taken from the following list: acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, acetamide, methyl sulfide, carbonyl
sulfide, and carbon disulfide. These, plus other compound results will permit extension to 50-100
other compounds on the hazardous substance list.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
EPA Grant Number: R828598C031
Subproject: this is subproject number 031, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Concentrated Halide Extraction and Recovery of Lead from Soil
Investigators: Dennis Clifford
Institution: University of Houston, University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Hundreds of lead battery recycling sites (LBRSs) are in need of cleanup in the United States.
Typically, these sites cover several acres and have average lead concentrations in the range of
50,000 to 100,000 mg Pb/kg soil in the top 1-2 feet of soil. With funds from GCHSRC and the
Texas Advanced Technology Program, the Principal Investigator and his research group at the
University of Houston have developed several methods of removing and recovering the lead
from LBRS soils. These include inert atmosphere heating to 900°C and ambient-temperature
extraction with metallic sodium in anhydrous ammonia. Although these methods could remove
more than 96% of the lead (and other toxic metals) from the soil, they proved to be too complex
to scale up economically. Furthermore, high temperature heating rendered the residual lead more
extractable by the TCLP test. Remediating LBRS soils is particularly challenging because the
latest target residual lead concentrations for treated soil returned to a site are 500 and 1000 mg
Pb/kg soil for residential and non-residential areas, respectively. Thus, for an average soil
concentration of 75,000 mg Pb/kg soil, 99 to 99.3% lead removal is required.
Five years of research experience with LBRS soils at UH led to the discovery of the chloride
extraction process which, in the initial tests with 4.3 M NaCl, could extract more than 97% of the
lead from a soil, containing 78,000 mg Pb/kg soil. This proposal has recently been selected for
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funding by the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation-Emerging Technology (SITE-ET)
Program. The SITE-ET is focused on scale-up and on-site operation of the process.
Numerous encouraging test results have been obtained during the first five months of GCHSRC
funding. The highlights are as follows: (1) a 19-point statistically-random composite sample was
obtained from the Houston Lead Company (HLC) property and completely characterized prior to
its use in the bench-scale extraction tests. It contained 76,700 mg Pb/kg soil present mostly as
PbSO4, (2) calcium, magnesium, potassium, ammonium, and lithium chlorides were not nearly as
effective as sodium chloride for extracting lead, (3) two-stage sequential batch extractions with a
mixture of 4.3 M NaCl and 0.29 M HC1 achieved >98% lead removal and residual lead levels
approaching 1000 mg Pb/kg soil, (4) the optimum solution-to-soil ratio for 4.3 M NaCl
extraction of the HLC soil was 6.7 to 1, (5) sodium chloride solution recycled after precipitation
of Pb(OH)2 was nearly as effective as fresh NaCl solution for extracting lead, and (6) hot (100?
C) 6.12 M NaBr extraction of the HLC soil achieved 99.2% lead removal in a single batch
extraction. Continued GCHSRC involvement will support the completion of the scheduled
bench-scale tests with chloride salts and additional tests with bromide salts which, although more
expensive, have proven to be more than ten times as effective as chloride for extracting lead.
The objectives of the second year of research are to (a) support the SITE-ET pilot-scale field
study with additional bench-scale data on chloride extraction procedures, (2) complete the
NaCl+HCl extraction studies of predominantly PbCO3 soil from the Lead Products Company
(LPC) site, (3) study the extraction of the HLC and LPC soils with NaBr at ambient and elevated
temperatures, (4) test the optimixed halide extraction process using 100-g samples in a
bench-scale two-step counter flow batch extractor, and (5) screen the ability of the halide
extraction process to extract other toxic metals, e.g., Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni from representative
hazardous waste site soils.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
EPA Grant Number: R828598C032
Subproject: this is subproject number 032 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Biodegradable Surfactant for Underground Chlorinated Solvent Remediation
Investigators: Kishore K. Mohanty, Raj Rajagopalan
Institution: University of Houston , University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The objective of this proposal is to identify a cost-effective, biodegradable surfactant for removal
of toxic chlorinated solvents from aquifers using surfactant-enhanced flushing. The
solubilization and mobilization of the DNAPL phase will be addressed in combination with
ex-situ separation of the dissolved organics by micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration, a new
separation technique that takes advantage of the self-associating property of the surfactants.
Chlorinated hydrocarbons are common aquifer pollutants because of their use as solvents and
degreasers. Although the solubility of these hydrocarbons in water is low, their concentrations do
exceed the drinking water standard by several orders of magnitude. Remediation of the soil
contaminated with these DNAPLs using conventional pump-and-treat methods can require
thousands of pore volumes of water because of their low aqueous solubility. An EPA-sponsored
workshop has analyzed all the remediation techniques for DNAPL-contaminated aquifers and
has identified surfactant-enhanced flushing as a promising technology.
Surfactant-enhanced flushing can significantly decrease the pore volume requirement by
increasing the aqueous solubility of these contaminants. The issues important for this technique
to succeed in the field are (i) biodegradability and cost effectiveness of the surfactants, (ii)
surfactant loss due to adsorption, (iii) vertical migration of residual DNAPL due to low
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interfacial tension, (iv) ease of separation of organics from water above ground before
re-injection of water. The objective of this proposal is to address some of these issues and to
identify a cost-effective, biodegradable surfactant that can be used in this treatment. A three-step
approach will be taken: (i) In the first step, we shall perform a systematic analysis of the
surfactant-enhanced solubilization of the chlorinated solvents, (ii) the second will focus on an
evaluation of the mobilization of initially trapped DNAPL within soils due to surfactants, (iii) in
the final segment we shall investigate the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration of the produced
water. By taking a comprehensive view of both the in-situ and ex-situ aspects of chlorinated
solvent remediation, we aim to develop a process that will succeed at the field scale.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and Transport
Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical Models
EPA Grant Number: R828598C033
Subproject: this is subproject number 033 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fiind or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: A Software Guidance System for Choosing Analytical Subsurface Fate and Transport
Models Including a Library of Computer Solutions for the Analytical Models
Investigators: Theodore G. Cleveland, William G. Rixey, Anthony N. Williams
Institution: University of Houston , University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
Contaminant fate and transport models are used for predicting the exposure component in risk
assessment, evaluating contaminant management strategies, and designing contaminant recovery
systems. The models range from complex numerical simulators to relatively simple analytical
expressions. Although the analytical solutions are limited in scope when compared to numerical
simulators, they are useful in providing rapid initial estimates in corrective action scenarios, in
providing insight into the underlying physicochemical processes, and in investigating the
sensitivity of various transport parameters.
A large number of analytical solutions for nonequilibrium transport exist that represent a
valuable resource for calculations, but three main problems are faced by the practicing
professional who needs to make these calculations. The user must: (1) choose a model
framework, (2) search the literature for an analytical expression that satisfies the framework and
verifies that the solution is correct, and (3) evaluate the solution involving unfamiliar functions.
This effort is multiplied in the case of a numerical simulator, with the added frustration that the
numerical simulators require much expertise to use.
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The objective of this two-year project is to create a software library of analytical fate and
transport models with a selection algorithm to guide the user to the most appropriate model for a
particular case. The software will be tested by industrial, government, and academic users for
trial and comment. The system will be unique in that it will operate stand-alone or in concert
with a general purpose spreadsheet program (e.g., Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Borland Quatro,
etc.) to produce solutions to the analytical expressions. A prototype will be completed in early
1996 and will represent a single compendium of simplified analytical expressions with a
selection framework for choosing a model that includes tested, documented, and worked
solutions that can be easily implemented by practicing environmental professionals.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
EPA Grant Number: R828598C035
Subproject: this is subproject number 035 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Measurement of Oxygen Transfer Rate in Soil Matrices
Investigators: Ku-Yen Li
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
Biological processes have been used to remediate hydrocarbon- contaminated soil because they
are cost effective and compatible with the environment. For on-site soil bioremediation, a rate-
controlling model to quantify the operation was developed by the principal investigator of this
proposal.
The transfer rate of oxygen in a soil matrix can be improved by tilling and/or composting the soil
matrix. Currently, questions remain regarding when soil is sufficiently tilled or composted. The
reason is a quantitative method to measure the oxygen transfer rate in a living (with biological
activity) soil matrix is not available. This method needs to be developed in order to improve the
operation of an on-site soil bioremediation.
A unique method to measure the oxygen transfer rate and oxygen transfer coefficient in
non-living (with no biological activities) soil matrices has been developed in the first year of this
research proposal. The equipment used was a modified computer- controlled respirometer
system (N-CON system, Model 00-210). Results indicated oxygen transfer coefficient in soil
matrix decreases as the degree of water saturation (defined as water porosity/total porosity)
increases. This may be due to the fact that increased water content may reduce the gas-liquid
interfacial area in a soil matrix.
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Soil water serves two different functions in soil bioremediation. It serves as a growth medium for
microorganisms, while it blocks the oxygen transfer through soil air pores. There exists an
optimum water content in soil that ensures a maximal bioremediation rate. When soil water
exceeds this optimal water content, bioremediation rate may be limited by oxygen-transfer rate.
On the other hand, when insufficient water is present in soil, the bioremediation rate may be
limited by biological reaction.
The measurement of oxygen transfer in a living soil (with biological activity) is the primary goal
of this project. A living soil matrix will be incubated in a reactor with supplies of substrate,
inorganic nutrients, and oxygen. After incubation, the living soil will be used in the respirometer
system for testing oxygen transfer. Several soil compositing materials will be tested by this new
measuring method to examine their effects on the oxygen transfer rates in living soil matrices.
The specific objectives of this project are:
1. to measure oxygen transfer coefficients in living soil matrices,
2. to determine an optimum water content for bioremediation process in a soil matrix, and
3. to test the effects of soil compositing material on the oxygen transfer in living soil matrices.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
EPA Grant Number: R828598C036
Subproject; this is subproject number 036 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Sorbent Technology for Multipollutant Control During Fluidized Bed Incineration
Investigators: Thomas C. Ho
Institutions Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The purpose of the proposed research is to investigate the potential of employing sorbent
technology for multipollutant control, including SOx, NOx, HC1, and metals during fluidized bed
incineration. Experiments will be carried out in a well- instrumented 76 mm ID fluidized bed
incineration system available in the laboratory of the principal investigator. Artificially prepared
combustible test materials containing various amount of sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, and metals
will be co-burned in the fluidized bed with various sorbents, including calcined-limestone,
hydrated lime, urea-hydrated lime, bauxite, zeolite, and mixtures under different combustion
conditions. The objectives of the project are to characterize the multipollutant control process
and to identify effective sorbents. The following progress has been made during the performance
period from June 1, 1995, through June 30,1995:
1. Literature Survey - Pertinent literature related to the project has been thoroughly surveyed and
efforts have been devoted to collect them.
2. Experimental Set-up - A fluidized bed incineration system has been re-conditioned for the
proposed experiments.
3. Personnel Training - Students have been recruited and are currently being trained to operate
the fluidized bed system and the Perkin Elmer Model 2100 Atomic Absorption
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Spectrophotometer for carrying out the experiments.
4. Sorbents Preparation - Three potential sorbents, i.e., bauxite, zeolite, and limestone have been
ordered, prepared, and characterized.
5. Conference Presentation - A paper reporting our current metal capture study was presented at
the 4th International Congress on Toxic Combustion By-Products held at UC Berkeley, June 5-7,
1995.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
EPA Grant Number: R828598C037
Subproject: this is subproject number 037 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Pollution Prevention by Process Modification Using On-Line Optimization
Investigators: Ralph W. Pike
Institution: Louisiana State University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
The objective of the research is to use process modification and on-line optimization to reduce
discharge of hazardous materials from chemical and refinery processes. This research will be
conducted at three chemical plants and a petroleum refinery that have large waste discharges.
These are the alkylation process at Star Enterprise's Port Arthur refinery, the acrylonitrile
process at Cytec Industry's Westwego plant, and the wet process phosphoric acid and sulfuric
acid processes at the IMC Agrico Company's Uncle Sam, Louisiana plant.
The research is in collaboration with Professors Hopper and Yaws at Lamar University where
they have developed process modification methodology for pollution prevention. We have
developed on-line optimization methodology for source reduction. The objective is to combine
these two important methods for pollution prevention and have them share process information
to efficiently accomplish both tasks. Professors Hopper and Yaws have demonstrated a potential
savings of $10.5 million in fuel costs along with significant reductions in emissions in a study of
a generic acrylonitrile plant. Also, Cytec Industries has reported three projects with one having a
98% reduction in air toxics emissions. Emissions from this process rank it first in total releases
in the EPA 1992 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI). Also, we have recently completed a study of
the on-line optimization of the contact sulfuric acid process at the IMC Agrico plant and
demonstrated a 25% reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions along with a 17% improvement in
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profit. For the other two processes, alkylation and phosphoric acid, we will be initiating process
modification and on-line optimization research on them. The alkylation process is the source of
sulfuric acid as a spent catalyst which is the TRI chemical with the largest off-site transfer in
1992, and we will be evaluating a new solid catalyst to replace sulfuric acid. The phosphoric acid
process ranks fifth in the list of top 50 TRI facilities with the largest total releases, and the
process modification research will focus on recycle streams, crystal growth kinetics and
temperature and concentration ranges to reduce waste discharges.
Process modification research requires that an accurate process model be used to predict the
performance of the plant and evaluate changes proposed to modify the plant to reduce waste
discharges. The process model requires precise plant data to validate that the model accurately
describes the performance of the plant. This precise data is obtained from the gross error
detection system of the plant. In addition, the economic model from the process optimization
step is used to determine the rate of return for the proposed process modifications. Consequently,
the Lamar and LSU groups have developed a synergism from the two methods for pollution
prevention and have selected important processes for their application. Moreover, cooperation of
companies has been obtained to apply these methods to actual processes rather than to simulated
generic plants.
The research will be the subject of graduate student thesis research, and publications will be
aimed at getting the results to practicing engineers. We anticipate the research to be completed in
two years.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
EPA Grant Number: R828598C038
Subproject: this is subproject number 038 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Pollution Prevention by Process Modification
Investigators: Jack R Hopper, Carl L. Yaws
Institution:-Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Research by Hopper and Yaws and more recently in collaboration with Pike at LSU have been
performed to develop examples of pollution prevention by process modifications. These
examples can be used as guidelines by process and environmental engineers in developing
strategies for pollution prevention.
Pollution prevention by process modification was investigated initially for the production of allyl
chloride. The second process investigated was for the production of acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile is
one of the largest volume chemicals produced in the US. It is used in acrylic fibers, copolymers,
nitrile rubber, and many other applications. An additional process - vinyl chloride is currently
being completed.
The development of these case studies includes analysis of the heart of the process, the reaction
system, followed by analysis of the separations processes and the energy utilization in these
processes using pinch technology.
In the current research the alkylation of mixed olefins with isobutane is being studied. Rate
equations for twenty reactions in the alkylation of a mixture of propene, butene, and amylene
with isobutane using sulfuric acid catalyst based on a carbonium ion mechanism was
incorporated in the simulation of a Stratco chemical reactor to predict the alkylate product
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distribution and catalyst degradation as a function of temperature, olefm space velocity,
isobutane to olefm ratio, and catalyst concentration. Experimental data to validate the reactor
model will be obtained from data sampled from the digital control system of the refinery and
validated using gross error detection and data reconciliation methods. The reactor is the key part
of the refinery alkylation process, and the reactor simulation is the primary element in on- line
optimization of the process where plant-model matching is maintained by updating the
parameters in the simulation with data from the distributed control system. Details of the
development and verification of the reactor simulation and session will be investigated along
with the energy reduction and waste reduction benefits derived from the work.
Hydrocarbon sulfuric acid alkylation is one of the most important refinery processes for
producing gasoline blending components for reformulated gasoline: however, spent sulfuric acid
catalyst is a large volume Toxic Release Inventory chemical in off-site transfer for recycling.
The production of reformulated gasolines as specified in the 1990 US Clean Air Act
Amendments will make alkylate an even more important major gasoline blending component in
the future.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
EPA Grant Number: R828598C039
Subproject: this is subproject number 039 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Water Solubility and Henry's Law Constant
Investigators: Carl L. Yaws
Institution: iamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
This project involves a continuation of research by Yaws and co- workers to provide property
data helpful in environmental engineering.
Oxygenated chemicals comprise a significant portion of the most hazardous chemicals reported
on the EPA's toxic release inventory. In fact, oxygenated chemicals are contained in the top 17 of
the most hazardous chemicals in the EPA's 33-50 program. Property data for these and additional
oxygenated chemicals are needed for environmental engineering.
Unfortunately, data for solubility of oxygenated chemicals in water are very limited and not
available for many compounds. Results for Henry's law constant (i.e., air-water distribution
coefficient) are also lacking for many oxygenated chemicals in water. Additional data and results
are needed. The objective of this continuing research is to provide additional data and results for
water solubility and Henry's law constant for oxygenated chemicals.
In earlier reports, results for water solubility and Henry's law constant were provided for
hydrocarbons (paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics). In this report, results to-date for
chlorinated chemicals are presented. Representative solubility values (parts per million by
weight) are 7,500 for chloroform (CHC13) and 0.0047 for hexachlorobenzene (C6C16).
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These results provided by Yaws and co-workers are being favorably received in environmental
engineering. One commercial unit, using water solubility data reported by Yaws and co-workers,
was designed, fabricated and installed by Texaco. The unit is currently operating and effectively
removing organic compounds to provide a clean wastewater stream.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by Publishing on
the World Wide Web
EPA Grant Number: R828598C040
Subproject: this is subproject number 040 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Transferring Technical Information on Hazardous Substance Research by Publishing on
the World Wide Web
Investigators: Donald L. Jordan
Institution: Lamar University
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31,2004
Research Category:
Description:
Disposal of the ever-increasing amounts of hazardous substances is a critical concern in our
society. Vast amounts of resources are necessary to conduct research into the most efficient and
effective means to treat these wastes. Officials of the Federal and State Governments and in
Industry are involved in the planning, allocating of financial resources, and exchanging technical
information to combat this problem. An important element in this process is the rapid transfer
and exchange of information on new technology, existing and proposed research efforts, and
scientific conference information exchange. The people who most need this technology are
usually well-educated scientists, engineers, teachers, and managers. They normally have direct
access to the Internet at their office or via modem connection from their homes. Easy access to
the technical information concerning hazardous waste materials and the rapid transfer of that
information is important to them.
The personnel of the Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research Center (GCHSRC) are
concerned with coordinating research activities between participating universities, Federal and
State Government Officials, industry researchers and a variety of other personnel in this effort.
In this capacity, they are involved in (1) planning and conducting an annual symposium at
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Lamar University, (2) the contact and notification of more than 30,000 individuals and
companies interested in disposal of hazardous substances, (3) the publication and distribution of
a hazardous waste journal to interested scientific and industry leaders, and (4) responding to
queries concerning the status of ongoing research efforts and the projects. They must also
provide access to the associated research data, publish the techniques and procedures used in the
research and make available to the public decisions that accrue as a result of their funded
research efforts. Additionally, it is important that the GCHSRC facilitate the exchange of
technical information they generate from completed research among laboratories and other
facilities.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
EPA Grant Number: R828598C041
Subproject: this is subproject number 041 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Stress Protein Responses to Multiple Metal Exposure in Grass Shrimp
Investigators: Cynthia L. Howard, Richard Dobbs
Institution: Mississippi State University , University of Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1, 2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
The pollution of industrialized coastal areas from mixtures of heavy metal compounds, and the
associated impacts on estuarine fish and invertebrate populations, are of increasing concern to
toxicologists, industries, and regulators. The toxicities of heavy metal mixtures are strongly
affected by variations in the types and concentrations of metals involved, as well as by
fluctuations in the prevailing environmental conditions. Little is presently known about the
sublethal, multiple toxicities of heavy metal mixtures on natural estuarine populations and
communities.
The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of combinations of three heavy metals,
expanded this year to include different salinity-temperature combinations on three biomarkers of
adaptation of sublethal toxic response in the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio\ an abundant
and important estuarine food chain organism. Laboratory bioassays will be continued using the
chloride salts of mercury, cadmium, and copper in combinations of two sublethal concentrations
at four different salinity-temperature combinations (total of 32 metal-salinity-temperature
exposure groups, plus controls).
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The following biomarkers will continue to be evaluated: (1) induction of heavy metal-specific
stress proteins, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (2) accumulation of metal-binding
proteins and metallothionein, using gel filtration chromatography; and (3) selective
bioaccumulation of the test metals, using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry and
ICP spectroscopy.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the Chemical and
Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
EPA Grant Number: R828598C042
Subproject: this is subproject number 042 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828598 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the
overall grant for this center).
Center: Gulf Coast HSRC (Lamar)
Center Director: T.C. Ho
Title: Life-Cycle Environmental Costing for Managing Pollution Prevention in the Chemical
and Petroleum Refining Industries: A Cross-Border Approach
Investigators: Beth Beloff, Miriam Heller, David Shields
Institution: University of Texas at Houston
EPA Project Officer: S. Bala Krishnan
Project Period: September 1,2000 through August 31, 2004
Research Category:
Description:
The chemical and refining industries generate more than half of the total pollution generated by
American companies. Thus, a better understanding of the cradle-to-grave costs in these
businesses may facilitate technological innovation decisions and operating decisions that
transform them into businesses that are sustainable far into the future. In addition, improvements
in pollution prevention techniques that result from the findings of this study promise to provide
significant environmental benefits for the Gulf of Mexico region.
Approach:
The first step toward building a foundation for a system to account for environmental costs is
Cooperative Benchmarking. This concept was created to bring participating (partners)
companies together in the same forum to discuss environmental issues/problem areas and
generate new ideas for improving environmental management. Seven companies identified by
the Business Council for Sustainable Development, Gulf of Mexico, will be participating in this
study. Three will come from Mexico and four from the U.S. This proposal is an extension of a
project previously funded by Gulf Coast. Hazardous Substance Research Center (Grant
#103UHH0345) and is intended to result in a greater understanding of the life-cycle
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environmental costs associated with chemical, manufacturing, and petroleum refining in the
United States and Mexico. NAFTA outlined a series of new agreements on environmental
regulation. The scope and comprehensiveness of these pose a serious challenge for companies
both in Mexico and the United States. The Institute for Corporate Environmental Management
(ICEM) at the University of Houston together with the Monterrey Technological Institute,
Mexico, and Pilko & Associates have formed a team to develop an environmental cost
accounting approach through a cooperative benchmarking study with the Business Council for
Sustainable Development, Gulf of Mexico. This represents the first major collaboration between
the University of Houston and the Monterrey Technological Institute, Mexico.
Rationale:
An important aspect in accounting for environmental costs is life-cycle costing. Costs that take
place outside the auspices of the manufacturing or refinery are often difficult to identify or
quantify. Yet knowledge of life-cycle environmental costs of operating in the chemical and
refining industries enable management to attack the problem of pollution prevention directly.
The likely result will be world class performance: improved processes and products which drive
down total costs while also eliminating waste. The result will also be reduced environmental
impact of both product and by-products throughout their entire life cycles.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
EPA Grant Number: R828773
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny D. Reible
Title: Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
Investigators: Danny Reible
Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology, Rice University
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: June 1,2001 through September 30,2006
Project Amount: $5,550,000
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
The Center will consist of Louisiana State University, as lead institution, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Rice University, and Texas A&M University. The core institutions will be assisted
in these endeavors by personnel from Southern University and Howard University. In addition,
in recognition of the importance of a local perspective in successful community outreach efforts,
we have established partnering agreements with a wide variety of universities and organizations
throughout the south and southwest regions. The broad range of expertise available to the
research and outreach teams will insure our ability to be truly community and problem driven.
The research themes of the Center include 1) assessing the physical, chemical and biological
availability of contaminants in sediments, 2) evaluating and enhancing biotransformation
processes in sediments, and, 3) improving the science of risk management for contaminated
sediments. The overriding objective is to improve the effectiveness of remedial approaches by
seeking to understand and minimize contaminant release and exposure. Toward this end, four
research projects have been identified, subject to review and approval of a Scientific Advisory
Committee. These projects seek to 1) evaluate the bioavailability of desorption resistant
contaminants, 2) develop improved approaches for in-situ containment and treatment, 3) assess
contaminant losses during removal and episodic storm events, and, 4) evaluate phytoremediation
for remediation in wetlands and confined disposal facilities (CDFs).
The research program will be complimented by a technology transfer and outreach effort focused
nationally on contaminated sediments and their management but regionally with respect to the
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broad range of hazardous substances issues that impact communities in the south and southwest.
The technology transfer efforts will disseminate the research advances of the Center via both
print and electronic media. The outreach efforts will focus on providing environmentally
troubled communities in the region technical assistance to enable them to better understand and
participate in decisions being made about their hazardous substance problems.
Objective:
The objective of the proposed Hazardous Substance Research Center/South and Southwest
(HSRC/S&SW) is to provide basic and applied research, technology transfer and community
outreach that address hazardous substance problems, especially the engineering management of
contaminated sediments and other problems of special interest to communities within EPA
Regions 4 and 6. Due to past and present toxic releases, these regions face serious hazardous
substance problems and yet contain a significant fraction of the wetlands and inland waters
found in the United States. The mission of the Center is to be a primary provider of the tools and
process knowledge required to resolve problems posing the greatest risks to people and the
environment.
Expected Results:
The direct product of the Center's research activities is
an improved understanding of natural 1 fate and transport processes in
sediments and how these processes can be enhanced by human action.
This improved understanding will contribute to our ability to assess and
manage contaminated sediments in an environmentally sound manner. The
primary goal of the outreach activities is to provide information on a wide
range of hazardous substance issues, including contaminated sediments, in
a way that the specific public stakeholder communities can participate more
actively in decisions about those issues. A secondary goal is to enhance
technology transfer and outreach to the scientific and regulatory
communities about Center research and programs.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant Contaminants
EPA Grant Number: R828773C001
Subproject: this is subproject number 001, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828773 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and
manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny Reible
Title: Bioturbation and Bioavailability of Residual, Desorption-Resistant Contaminants
Investigators: Danny Reible, J. Pardue, J. W. Fleeger,
Institution: Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge, LA
Rice University, Houston, TX
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: October 1,2001 through September 30,2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
The focus will be on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, nonpolar hydrophobic organic
compounds that are important contaminants in the sediment environment and for which the most
is known as to desorption-resistance. The dynamics of uptake and fate of desorption-resistant
contaminants in tubificid oligochaetes will be measured and compared to the rates and extent of
contaminant release by strictly physicochemical processes. Small microcosms that have been
used extensively in our laboratories will be employed. The microcosms allow a complete
contaminant material balance to be collected, including assessment of organism ingestion,
uptake and egestion. Both cumulative measurements and single gut passage measurements will
be used to indicate contaminant fate. In addition, fecal material will be evaluated by both
physicochemical means and by microbial challenges to assess the influence of digestive
processing on contaminant availability.
Objective:
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The overall objective of the proposed research is to evaluate the dynamics of uptake and
availability of desorption-resistant contaminants to tubificid oligochaetes and the corresponding
consequences to control and regulation of contaminated sediments. Physicochemical
measurements suggest that some contaminants are slow or limited in their release from the
sorbed state. Evaluation of the influence of these physicochemical limitations to biological
availability, however, has generally been limited to microbial degradation processes which often
display an asymptotic approach to a persistent residual level. A much more intense biological
challenge is presented by tubificid oligochaetes that often dominate disturbed, polluted
environments and which feed and burrow in the sediments and which serve as food to higher
organisms. Work to-date both in our laboratories and elsewhere has demonstrated that these
organisms process sediments in large quantities, enhance contaminant release from bed
sediments, and can absorb and metabolize polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by
digestive processes from ingested sediment. These organisms can access and assimilate
desorption-resistant contaminants but the rate and extent is uncertain as is the relationship to
physicochemical measurements. Preliminary measurements suggest that the rate of uptake is
enhanced by the metabolic processes of tubificid oligochaetes but that the ultimate extent of
uptake is determined solely by equilibrium factors. It is this hypothesis that will be tested in the
proposed research.
Expected Results:
The research is expected to relate physicochemical desorption resistance to biological
availability in a class of organisms important to contaminated sediments. It is expected that the
results will allow improved models of uptake to these organisms to be developed, ultimately
improving the ability to predict food web uptake since these organisms reside at the base of
benthic food webs. Ultimately, the research is expected to assist in answering questions as to
required cleanup levels and the persistence of desorption resistant contaminants.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and Reactivity
EPA Grant Number: R828773C002
Subproject: this is subproject number 002 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828773 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and
manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny Reible
Title: In-Situ Containment and Treatment: Engineering Cap Integrity and Reactivity
Investigators: M. Wiesner2, Joe Hughes2, K. T. Valsaraj1, Billy Edge3
Institution: ' Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
2 Rice University, Houston, TX
3 Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
EPA Project Officer: Lasat, Mitch
Project Period: October 1, 2001 through September 30,2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
A lab-scale flume will be constructed to study the effect of release methods, materials selection,
and ambient conditions such as cross-flow and salinity on cap structure. Cap structure will be
quantified in macroscopic terms using parameters such as permeability, porosity, and grain-size
distribution. The micro-scale structure will be characterized in terms of the fractal dimension of
the deposited mass. Experiments will be conducted under conditions of stagnant deposition
(column studies) using suspensions of particles ranging in size from approximately 1 m to 1 mm.
Mixtures of particle sizes will be investigated including deposition of fine particles onto a gravel
substrate. Various surface treatments for the capping material will be investigated through the
addition of polymeric materials. Changes in capping material surface chemistry (adhesion
probability and adsorptive capcity) will be quantified.
In parallel with this work, simulations of particle deposition will be performed using Lagrangian
methods in which the trajectories of individual particles are calculated from second-law
principles. This involves the integration of the individual stochastic equations for particle motion
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and the calculation of individual particle trajectories from randomly selected release points over
the surface. Computer models based on Monte Carlo techniques will be developed to investigate
particle deposition in 3-dimensional Euclidean space on a plane. Characteristics of the simulated
caps will be compared with experimentally determined characteristics to better understand
limitations in the numerical model. It is hoped that such a comparison will lead to reasonable
predictions of deposit morphology as function of fundamental physico-chemical parameters for a
given cap-forming technique.
Objective:
Contaminant transport and fate in sediment caps is dependent on the structure of the sediment
cap, which in turn depends upon the methods used to construct the cap. Current approaches to
constructing sediment caps largely focus on stabilizing or isolating underlying contaminated
materials. However, variations in current construction techniques may lead to variations in
contaminant transport across the cap, as well as differences in cap aging, stability and
permeability. The construction of second-generation "reactive" caps will likely require a more
sophisticated understanding and control of the depositional processes involved in constructing a
cap. This research will address fundamental processes controlling sediment deposition as they
affect the engineering of sediment caps as currently practiced, and as applied to the development
of advanced capping technologies. We will test the hypothesis that the surface chemistry of
conventional capping materials can be altered to achieve a desired cap structure and/or
reactivity.
Expected Results:
This work will allow us to form caps with a desired set of characteristics. Better control over cap
formation and methods for constructing caps where the micro- and nano-scale properties of the
cap can be designed will improve our ability to control transport and targeted reactivity of
contaminants within the cap. Such improvements will allow for better long-term containment
and remediation of hazardous materials in sediments.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Phytoremediation in wetlands and CDFs
EPA Grant Number: R828773C003
Subproject: this is subproject number 003 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828773 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and
manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny Reible
Title: Phytoremediation in wetlands and CDFs
Investigators: J. Pardue
Institution: Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: October 1,2001 through September 30,2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
Initial mechanistic studies will be conducted in greenhouse mesocosms using herbaceous
wetland vegetation with known differences in detrital pathways (Phragmites and Typha). Studies
will test the hypotheses above by assessing daughter product (lower chlorinated benzene)
concentrations and bulk redox conditions in rhizosphere to infer whether reductive
dechlorination reactions are occurring. Intensity and capacity measurements of terminal electron
accepting processes will determine the potential for a range of geochemical conditions in the
rhizosphere. Measurements of detrital decomposition products (organic acid and ambient H2
concentrations) will be linked with the population dynamics of reductive dechlorination
organisms in the rhizosphere. To test the second hypothesis that rhizospheric biodegradation
processes are the key fate process, additional experiments will be conducted in collaboration
with faculty and students at Southern University. The rate and extent of wetland plant uptake of
lower chlorinated benzenes from well-characterized organic wetland sediments will be assessed.
with realistic contaminant loadings (known amounts of readily available and desorption-resistant
("aged") chlorobenzene fractions) Test soils will be prepared with contaminant aging techniques
developed in our previous work with these compounds. Identification of chlorobenzene
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sorption/desorption properties on roots will also be performed. These studies represent an
extension of a working relationship developed during a previous HSRC project and will provide
Southern with capabilities to perform tracer plant uptake experiments, the basis for many
phytoremediation treatability studies.
Objective:
Hydrophobic chlorinated organics such as hexachlorobenzene are common sediment
contaminants that pose a threat to sensitive receptors. These compounds are recalcitrant in
sediments and bioaccumulate through the food chain. By contrast, rapid contaminant attenuation
for certain chlorinated organics is observed in vegetated sediments (i.e., wetlands). In these
sediments, enhanced biological processes (aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation and plant
uptake) have been observed in the root zone that drives rapid natural recovery. Previous research
has indicated that herbaceous wetland vegetation stimulates degradation of chlorinated organics
primarily via rhizospheric biodegradation processes. It can be hypothesized that reductive
dechlorinating populations are stimulated in the rhizosphere by formation of specific organic
acids (i.e., propionate) during detrital processes. The presence of certain organic acids has been
shown to stimulate reductive dehalogenating organisms by favorably controlling the ambient
level of H2 in porewater. The formation of high concentrations of these organic acids in marshes
with Phragmites vegetation has been observed, while not in other marsh vegetation types such as
Typha. This jnicrobial-vegetation interaction may represent the "mechanism" by which rapid
natural attenuation occurs in these wetland systems. Based on these hypotheses, the objectives of
the proposed study are to: define the biodegradation potential of chlorobenzenes by quantifying
biogeochemical conditions in the rhizosphere. Key conditions include the specific detrital
decomposition products (organic acids and hydrogen) in several contrasting wetland plant types.
A second objective of the study will define other potential fate mechanisms: plant uptake and
volatilization by studying the dynamics of plant uptake of chlorobenzenes in wetland sediments.
Expected Results:
The study will provide information on a common contaminant scenario in wetland sediments in
the region. Understanding the potential for wetland bioremediation would impact a number of
locations where natural recovery is a proposed solution. The expected results are that specific
microbial-wetland vegetation interactions will be shown to exist, for example, the stimulation of
chlorobenzene dechlorinating population in the rhizosphere of Phragmites. This information may
spur development of new technologies for sediment remediation (a constructed wetland approach
for confined disposal facilities, for example).
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
EPA Grant Number: R828773C004
Subproject: this is subproject number 004, established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828773 (EPA does not fond or establish subprojects; EPA awards and
manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny Reible
Title: Contaminant Release During Removal and Resuspension
Investigators: Mason B. Tomson2, Louis J. Thibodeaux1
Institution:' Louisiana State University - Baton Rouge, LA
2 Rice University, Houston, TX
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: October 1,2001 through September 30,2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
Uncontaminated and contaminated sediments will be obtained from rivers or bayous in LA
coordinated by Louis Thibodeaux. Sediment samples and redox conditions will be preserved as
undisturbed as possible. Several different sediments, characterized as having different
representative sediment properties (see proposal for details) will be used. Associated or
overburden water will either be used directly or simulated in the laboratory. Next, experimental
methods similar to the US Army Corps WES DRET method will be performed in the laboratory.
These initial experiments will yield solution phase concentrations of metals versus time. Results
of these preliminary batch experiments with field sediments will be used as the baseline metal
release rates. The impact of known changes in sediment/solution conditions during resuspension
will be simulated with these field sediments, including redox and dissolved oxygen, pH, ionic
strength, and temperature. The effect of individual parameters on heavy metal sorption and
desorption will be studied in batch experiments based upon the results of these tests with actual
contaminated sediments. With laboratory contaminated sediments, multistep sorption
experiments will be performed to systematically saturate specific binding sites on the solid. Once
the range of interest for a particular contaminant-solid combination has been identified the
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method of "constant composition" desorption will be used for a few combinations to obtain
precise stoichiometry, kinetics, and equilibrium information at fixed chemical potential driving
force. Key samples will be used for extensive characterization by modern surface methods, such
as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and extended range XAFS (EXAFS).
Objective:
In resuspension of contaminated sediments during dredging heavy metals, such as Pb, Cd, Cu,
and As, represent several special challenges and will be the focus of this HSRC research. During
resuspension generally the largest physical-chemical effect, with respect to heavy metal sorption,
is the change in redox of the freshly disturbed sediments. At the point of dredging the sediments
are suspended in the river bottom and there is an immediate increase in solid surface area and
corresponding immediate change in the physical chemical parameters that characterize the water.
Following these immediate changes there will be several time scales that are applicable, 1. the
slower redox processes; 2. the desorption kinetics; and 3. the relative rates of redeposition of the
sediment particles. The objective of this study is to understand the dynamics and kinetics of
heavy metal release processes.
Expected Results:
The relative interplay between immediate physical-chemical changes, redox, heavy metal
desorption, and redeposition for real sediments will be modeled by changing one parameter at a
time. Change in solution and solid surface redox is expected to be the most important parameter
controlling heavy metal release during dredging. How this redox varies and thereby alters the
kinetics of heavy metal release is not known, but is probably related to sediment properties such
as sulfide/oxide content and to sediment organic matter. Once key descriptors have been
identified, simplified assays and predictors will be developed for routine use. The final
hypothesis to be tested is that sorption and desorption of heavy metals can be modeled using
readily available or measurable properties of sediments and dredged materials along with
properties of potentially impacted surface water bodies. Understanding the key physical and
chemical parameters that affect heavy metal desorption during dredging and resuspension will
enable regulators and field practitioners to use only a few key sediment/water parameters and
reliably predict the environmental risk in specific dredging operations.
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Type: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE RESEARCH CENTER
Status: Ongoing
Reports: No Reports Available Yet
HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
EPA Grant Number: R828773C005
Subproject: this is subproject number 005 , established and managed by the Center Director
under grant R828773 (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and
manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (2001) - South and Southwest HSRC
Center Director: Danny D. Reible
Title: HSRC Technology Transfer, Training and Outreach
Investigators: Leigh Fitzpatrick1, Bob Schmitter1, Denise Rousseau Ford2
Institution:' Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
2 Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
EPA Project Officer: Mitch Lasat
Project Period: October 1, 2001 through September 30,2004
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
Research Category: Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Approach:
The technology transfer activities will include the continued development and promotion of an
online Sediments Research Community, which will be maximized to reach as many of the
participants as possible while engaging them in meaningful interaction through chats where
appropriate and on-line learning materials. Additional technology transfer activities include
further development of web-based resources such as workshops and fact sheets, particularly as
they relate to new research and information regarding the management of contaminated
sediments, sponsorship of regular workshops and conferences, distribution of Research Briefs ?
one page fact sheets summarizing research objectives and progress, and development and
dissemination of an electronic newsletter. The Center also proposes to transfer technology
developed in research projects through field demonstration activities, coordinated by the Center
Director. Separate funding will be sought in order to leverage these resources.
The Center's outreach activities to environmentally troubled communities will assist those
communities in understanding the contaminants that threaten them so they may participate fully
in site remediation efforts. The outreach program maintains a toll-free hotline for use by
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community members to access HSRC outreach assistance, and disseminates this number and
information regarding the assistance activities to EPA regional offices, community action
networks, and local municipalities. This programmatic activity includes site visits, evaluation of
technical documents, participation in public meetings, and development of web and printed
resources.
The outreach component will continue to serve long-term TOSC communities in Regions 4 and
6, while assisting with new communities and needs. In addition, TOSC will increase its presence
and assistance abilities by hosting a forum for similarly situated communities to exchange
information and resources via the Internet, developing technical documents addressing
community-specific environmental issues, and developing a network of expertise capable of
responding to localized needs in a timely manner. This network will encompass technical
assistance providers at the primary institutions (GTRI, Rice, LSU, and Texas A&M), plus
affiliated Minority Academic Institutions and Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
Other proposed projects include partnering with Howard University to provide training for the
U.S. Conference of Black Mayors. The S&SW Center will continue to work with the Technical
Outreach Services to Native American Communities in an effort to gain increased interaction
with tribal communities, particularly in Region 6, as a focus for year one of this effort.
Objective:
The S&SW Center's Technology Transfer, Training, and Outreach program is designed to
disseminate research advances and technical information and assistance to public and private
sector audiences. These audiences encompass those who are responsible for management and
oversight of hazardous substance clean-up projects and those community members living in and
around these sites. Targeted audiences include environmentally troubled communities, state
environmental regulatory staff, public officials, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regional
staff, environmental contractors, industry, other research institutions, and private sector
organizations involved in hazardous substance management.
The S&SW Center utilizes a variety of methods to disseminate this information, including: the
Internet and world wide web, training workshops, research symposia, conferences, traditional
publications, site assistance visits, environmental exhibitions, and public hearings. This Center
has historically developed partnerships with organizations including ATSDR, AEPI, the
Sediment Management Workgroup, and the Army Corps of Engineers to meet the goals of
sharing information and knowledge with other relevant communities.
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Section 4.0
Topic Index
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TOPIC INDEX
hereuare for the most part those appearinawith the STAR abstracts as
h, , numbers after each topic refer to the STAR referen<* numbers in the
black boxes at the top right of each abstract sheet found in this book.
abiotic 89
absorption 71
acceptable residue levels 34
acetaldehyde 82
acetone 82,129
acetonitrile 65
acid digestion 127
acid mine drainage 56
acoustic plate mode device 153
acoustic sensors 23
acrylic 227
activity patterns 61
acute exposure 41
acute toxicity 72
acute health effects 58, 59, 60
adaptive grid model 21
adaptive technologies 116,136
adolescents 41,180
adsorption 50, 71
advanced treatment technologies 154,195,
219
adverse human health affects 34, 33, 35
adverse impacts 44, 52
adverse outcomes 26, 54
advocacy coalition framework 213
aerobic biological process 197
aerobic cometabolism 105,197
aerobic degradation 47,197, 219
aerodynamic particle sizing 111
aerodynamic sizer 57
aerosol analyzers 29,111
aerosol particles 111,162,178,194
aerosols 2, 24, 29, 57, 58, 112
agricultrual environment 77
agricultural discharges 67
agricultural watershed 98
agriculturally impacted watershed 77
agriculture 16, 19, 66, 70, 81, 98
agrochemicals 113
agronomy 19, 67, 107
Agrostis rossiae 115
Agrostis scabra 115
air clarity 63
air contaminant exposure 55
air emissions 55,116,121,122,124,129,135,
136,138,143,226
air exchange rates 198
air modeling 111
air pollutants 24, 61, 63, 72, 73, 74, 86,121,
122, 124, 129, 138, 139,143, 178, 179, 180,
181,182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190,191, 192, 193, 194, 198, 217
air pollution 41, 49, 59, 61, 63, 73, 74, 84, 86,
121, 122, 124, 129, 138, 139, 178, 179, 180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190,191,192,193,194,217
air pollution control 121, 122,138,143
air pollution models 191,196
air pollution policy 43
air quality 43, 63, 73, 74,116,124,136,158,
164,165, 166, 167, 169, 179, 180,196
air quality benefit estimates 43
air quality data 73
air quality modeling 111,162
air quality standards 83
air sampling 49, 53, 57, 83,124
air stripping 212
air toxics 24.41,49, 53, 57, 58, 61,63, 72, 73,
74, 75, 79, 82, 86, 103,116.121, 122, 123, 124,
129, 136, 138, 139, 143,178, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, 185, 186,187. 188, 189, 190,
191, 192, 193, 194, 198, 199, 208, 217
air water exchange 228
air 2, 3, 6, 17, 19. 24, 29, 41, 49, 51, 53, 56, 57,
58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75,
78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 86, 91, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,
102, 103, 109,111, 116, 117,118, 121, 122,
123, 124, 129, 134, 135, 136,138, 139,143,
144, 147, 162, 178, 179,180, 181, 182, 183,
184, 185, 186, 187, 188,189, 190, 191, 192,
193, 194, 196, 198, 199, 208, 217
airborne aerosols 2
airborne lead 217
airborne particulate matter 162
airborne pollutants 60
airborne suspension 49
aircraft depainting 127
airway disease 59,180,182,183,184,185
airway inflammation 60
-------
akaganeite114
Alabama (AL) 67
alcohol fuels 209
algae 44
algal bloom detection 100
algal blooms 93,100
algal growth 44
alkali metal oxide 71
allergens 60
allergens/asthma 60, 73
allergic airway 60, 73
allergies 73
alternative alloys 117
alternative chemical synthesis 226, 227
alternative climate conditions 17
alternative coatings 117,134,142
alternative disinfection methods 15
alternative energy source 143
alternative fuel technology 143
alternative market conditions 12
alternative materials 3, 28, 80,116,136,171
alternative refrigerants 116,136
alternative technology 128,154, 206
alternatives 3
alternatives lo CFCs 116,136
alternatives to incineration 4, 218
aluminum alloys 134
aluminum conversion coatings 154
ambient aerosol 29, 57, 58
ambient air 3, 57, 58, 61, 63, 74,116,129,179,
182,183,184,185,196,198,217
ambient air pollution 116,136,196
ambient air quality 24, 53, 60,61,72, 116,136,
178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 198, 217
ambient emissions 8, 83,129
ambient monitoring 24, 53
ambient particle health effects 178,179,180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190, 191, 192, 193, 194
ambient particle pollution 162
ambient particle properties 29
ambient particulate concentration 162
ammonium 151
ammonium bisulfate 58
amperometric 81
amphibians 5
amphiphilic molecules 90
anaerobic bacterium 176
anaerobic bioconversion 174
anaerobic biodegradation 174
anaerobic bioremediation 174
anaerobic biotransformation 157
analytical general equilibrium model 11
analytical models 223
analytical chemistry 29,44, 51, 57, 58, 76, 77,
86, 90, 101, 102,103, 109, 111, 119, 124,135,
140,145, 151,153,154,155, 157,158, 159,
163,164, 166,167,168.169, 170, 172,195,
207, 208, 211, 217, 221, 222, 232, 233, 234,
235, 236
analyzer 119,135,139
and contaminant release 157
androgen receptor 46, 68
anhydrous ammonia 221
anhydrous organic solvents 3, 79
animal 89, 98
animal bioassays 113
animal model 26,45, 46, 53, 54, 92,179,182,
183, 184,185, 186,187,188, 189,190, 191,
192,193,193, 194
animal research 35
animal studies 192
animal subjects 76, 92
anthropogenic 70
anthropogenic effects 104
anthropogenic processes 98
anthropogenic stress 30, 62, 67, 77, 98
anti-androgen 26,46, 68
antibiotics 90
antibodies 153
anticeptics 90
antigens 13
antimicrobial surface 151
antimicrobial surface preparation 151
applied biosurfactant technology 47
aptamer 149,152
aptamer filter 152
aquatic 16, 17, 22,44, 67, 93, 95, 112
aquatic biota 44
aquatic degradation 67
aquatic ecology 94, 95, 96, 97
aquatic ecosystem restoration 44, 66
aquatic ecosystems & estuarine research 44,
96,112,230
aquatic ecosystems 5,14,15,16,17, 38,44,
54, 66, 67, 75, 77, 78, 96, 112, 222, 230
aquatic frog 22
aquatic habitat protection 66
aquatic organisms 153
aqueous impurities 128
aqueous processing 3
aqueous solvents 3
aqueous waste stream 125,128,133,154, 206
aquifer 155
aquifer characteristics 99
aquifer fate and treatment 33, 200, 214
aquifer remediation design 1
aquifer sediments 1
aromatic substrates 1
-------
arsenic 35, 52, 91,114,155, 217
arsenic compounds (inorganic including
arsine)114,217
arsenic exposure 35, 91,155
arsenic mobility 35, 91
arsenic removal 114,155
artificial neural network 196
artificial stable RNA 31
asphalt emulsions 171
assays 150
assessment methods 2, 23, 33, 34, 52, 200,
205, 207
assessment of exposure 41,180
assessment technology 150
asthma 60, 73
asthma chemicals: NOx 73
Atlantic Croaker 46, 68,113
atmospheres, 71,111,112
atmospheric aerosol particles 57
atmospheric chemistry 24, 72, 74,112,124,
129,198,217
atmospheric contaminants 2
atmospheric deposition 198
atmospheric dispersion models 111,112
atmospheric, measurements 112
atmospheric models 65
atmospheric monitoring 63, 74
atmospheric nitrogen 112
atmospheric particles 111
atmospheric particles 49, 57
atmospheric particulate matter 162
atmospheric processes 220
atmospheric sciences 17,19, 24, 53, 59, 60,
61, 71, 84, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 102, 111, 116,
136,147, 158,159,160, 163,164,165,166,
167,168,169,196, 215, 220, 225
atomic force microscopy 236
attainment strategies 198
auto emissions 86,122,143
autoimmune diseases 55
autoimmunity 55
automobile combustion 86
automobile combustion process design 86,
122,143
automobiles 122, 143, 178, 179,180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194
automotive 122
automotive combustion 122,143
automotive combustion 86
automotive emission controls 122,123,143
automotive emissions 122,123,143,162,178,
194
automotive exhaust 122,123,143,162,178,
194
automotive three way catalysts 122
availability of water resources 16
AVHRR imagery 63
B
bacteria 77
bacteria monitoring 31
baculovirus 14
bank filtration 91
bare C electrodes 101
batch reactor 206
battery recycling 219, 221
bauxite 225
Bayesian classifiers 70
behavioral effects 12
belief system 213
Belize 54
benefits assessment 43
benthic invertebrates 157
benthic organisms 32
bentonite 7
benzene (including benzene from gasoline)
53,61,65,72,135,220
benzo[a]pyrene 193
bi-national 74
bifunctional derivatives 8
binding chemistry 211
bioaccessibility 232
bioaccmmulation 1, 67, 230
bioaerosol risk assessment: lung function 73
bioaerosols 73
bioassay 205,230
bioaugmentation 1
bioavailability 34, 35, 36,44,47, 54,110,157,
172,174,205, 232, 233, 235, 236
bioavalytic actions 81
biochemical pathway 22
biochemical research 13, 113
biochemistry 1,13,14, 22, 26,45, 52, 53, 54,
55, 61, 77, 91, 100, 103, 105, 110, 112, 113,
119, 150, 151, 156, 174,178, 179,180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
193, 194, 230, 233, 235
biocides 142,151
biocontaminants 53
biodegradability 1, 105, 209
biodegradable surfactant 222
biodegradable waste 209
biodegradation 1, 7, 36, 47, 50,105,156,157,
174, 175, 177. 203, 205, 209, 212, 219, 222,
224, 232, 233, 235, 236
biodegradation kinetics 47
biodiversity 20
-------
biofilm49,151
biofilter49,129,199
biofiltration systems 49,129,199
bioflocculation 159
biogeochemical cycling 67,112
bioindicator 30, 44, 89
biokinetic model 47
biological activity 44
biological effects 26, 46, 54, 68
biological indicators 30, 44, 89
biological integrity 44
biological markers 13, 25, 45, 52, 53, 55, 62,
174, 186, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 230
biological monitoring 30, 52, 62, 153
biological transformation 103
bioluminescence 31
biomarkers 13, 25, 45, 52, 53, 55, 62, 174,186,
188,190,191,192,193,230
biomarkers of exposure 45
biomass 49
biomass activity 49
biomass control 49
biome 70
biomedical research 25
biomonitoring 30, 52, 62, 153
biopollution 89
bioreactors 105,197
bioregeneration 50
bioremediation 1, 7, 36, 47, 50,103,105, 156,
157, 170, 172, 174, 174, 175, 177, 195, 197,
203, 219, 224, 232, 233, 235, 236
bioremediation model 1
bioremediation model 36,47, 203, 224
bioremediation of soils 1, 7, 36, 157, 170, 172,
175, 177, 197, 219, 224, 233, 235, 236
biosensors 81
biosludge 209
biostabilization 7, 36, 205, 219
biostabilization of PCBs 7, 36, 205
biosurfactant specifity 47
biotic integrity 44
biotransformation 52,103,157, 224
biotrickling filter 49
bioturbation 157, 233
Bioturrfare defense 151
blood samples 53
bloom dynamics 93,100
bloom dyace displacement 181
border 91
border crossings 74
bottlenose dolphin 5
bovine 77
breve impacted soil 173
brevetoxins 93,100
bromide salts 221
brown Norway rats 58
brownfield sites 161
BroX199
business 16,66
butadiene 192
butterfly 104
butterfly populations 104
cadmium & cadmium compounds 8,110,140,
217,230
calcium 113
calcium dependent signal transduction 113
California (CA) 5, 43,46, 68,104
calmodulin 113
Canada 44
Canada wild rye grass 36
cancer 25
cancer prevention 25
cancer risk 5, 25,179,186, 187,188,189, 190,
191, 192, 193
cancer risk assessment 25,179,186,187,
188, 189, 190, 192
capacitive deionization 128
capillary chromatography 29
capillary zone 81
capping 232
carbohydrate content of lungs 184,183,185
carbon 60, 89
carbon black 58, 60,187,189
carbon bond formation 3
carbon bonds 79
carbon cathodes 101
carbon dioxide (CO2) 19, 116, 136, 143, 204,
210
carbon isotopes 51
carbon monoxide (CO) 74, 83,122,123,124,
143
carbon-specific growth rates 93
carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) 101,156
carcinogen 71
carcinogen exposure 192
carcinogenesis 186
carcinogenicity 45
carcinogens 25,179,186,187,188,189,190,
191,192,193
cardiopulmonary response 59
cardiovascular vulnerability 59
cars 122
case studies 12
catalysis 80
catalyst formulations 143
catalyst light-off temperature 123
-------
catalysts 3,137,143, 210
catalytic activity 4
catalytic combustion 122,123,143
catalytic converter 123
catalytic deactivation 4
catalytic formulation 4
catalytic hydro dechlorination 4
catalytic longevity 4
catalytic oxidation 4, 71
catalytic steam reforming 218
catalytic tertiary conversion process 137
catalytic wet oxidation 206
cell biology 179,186,188,192
cell injury 45
cell transformation 5
cellular 113
cellular biology 58
cellular physiology 58
cellular responses 76
cement 211,219
Central America 54
CERCLA 157
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) 116,136,147
characterizing chemical mixtures 34
chelation 204
chemical byproducts 45
chemical composition 57, 72, 217
chemical contaminants 2, 5, 33, 34, 35, 36, 90,
91, 133, 155, 157, 172, 197, 200, 201, 204, 205,
206, 207, 217, 219, 220, 222, 225
chemical detection techniques 83,124,135
chemical diversity 2
chemical industry 27
chemical kinetics 56, 82
chemical manufacturing 231
chemical mixtures 1, 2, 5, 20, 24, 30, 32, 34,
38, 41, 44, 52, 54, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 75, 80, 84,
89, 90, 93, 104, 107, 108, 110, 119, 145, 146,
203, 223
chemical mixtures: environmental exposure
& risk 2, 5, 20, 30, 32, 38, 44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68,
70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93, 104, 107, 108, 119, 145,
146, 203, 223
chemical processing 27, 210, 226, 227
chemical reaction 208
chemical releases 55,195
chemical speciation 33, 35
chemical transport 47, 56, 64,112
chemical transport modeling 56, 64, 71
chemical treatment 49
chemical use efficiency 116,136
chemical vapor deposition 28
chemical waste 79,170
chemically heated catalyst 123
chemistry and materials science 105,109,
116.117,118, 125, 131,134,136,140,141,
144,147,151,171,199,211,217
childhood respiratory disease 180
children 35, 41,61,63,180
children's environmental health 180
children's health 22, 26, 35, 41, 46, 54, 61, 68,
180
children's vulnerablity 180
Chinese tallow 89
chloride salts 221
chlorinated chemicals 105, 228
chlorinated compounds 206
chlorinated ethylenes 55
chlorinated hydrocarbons 71,107,156, 218
chlorinated organic compounds 105,156,
206, 228, 235
chlorinated organics
chlorinated phenols 84
chlorinated solvents 105,132,156,156,197,
222
chlorinated waste liquid 4
chlorine 148
chloro-hydrocarbon 212
chloroaromatics 152
chloroethylene autoimmunity 55
chloroethylenes 55
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 116,136,147
chloroform 72
chlorophyl 63
chromate 127,148
chrome plated masks 126
chromium & chromium compounds 117,126,
133,134,219,216
chromium plating sludge 126
chromophoric dissolved organic matter 62
chronic health effects 35, 58, 60
chronic ozone inhalation 184,185
cigarette smoke 41
circulation model 19
CISNet program 62
citizen perceptions 67
clam gape 63
clean air partnership 74
clean combustion 208
clean fire agent 147
clean production 126
clean technology 3, 28, 80, 85,116,117,127,
134, 136, 142, 147, 148, 154, 170, 218
clean-up strategies 200
Clean Air Act 6, 82,198, 227
-------
cleaner production/pollution prevention 3,11,
12, 27. 28, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87,116, 117, 120,
121, 122,123,126,127,133,134, 136, 137,
138, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 154, 170, 171,
176, 199, 202, 209, 210, 216, 226, 227, 231
cleanup 140, 177
climate change 2,16,17,19, 62, 65, 78, 94, 95,
96,97,98,102,116.136,147
climate change impact 17
climate model 16,17,19, 97, 98
climate studies 102
climate variability 2,17, 19, 94, 95, 97, 98, 116,
136, 17
climate variations 116
climatic influence 96
climatic models 17, 98
clostridium 99
C02 concentrations 19,116, 136
coal bed methane 128
coal combustion 138
coal fired power plants 138
coal gasification sites 34
coal-tar sites 103
coarse particulate matter 162
coastal ecosystem 75, 96, 94, 95, 96, 97
coastal environments 96, 230
coastal fisheries 94
coastal plain 67
coastal watershed 75
coastal zone 62
coating processes 28,154
coatings 117,134
coccidia 76, 92
codling moth 146
cold regions 17
cold start 123
coliphage 18
collaborative hydrologic modeling 17
collagen structure 182
collective choice process 213
Colorado (CO) 56, 114, 174
colorectal cancer 25
combustion 82, 83, 143, 195, 215
combustion byproducts 84, 208, 217, 225
combustion contaminants 48, 217, 225
combustion exhaust gases 208, 217
combustion generated radicals 48
combustion systems 82, 83
combustion technology 143
cometabolism 50,105,156,197
common mechanism 40
community awareness 73
community involvement 9,10, 66, 213
community outreach 74
community support 237
community tracking 74
community values 38, 66
community water system 45,114,152,155
community-based research 9,16, 63, 66,213
comparative risk assessment 41
comparative study 213
compensation 10
complex combustion effluents 84
complex mixtures 34, 211, 219
compliance 124
composting 7, 224
compound specific isotope analysis 37
comprehensive nutrient management
program 77
computer controlled respirometer system 224
computer generated alternative synthesis 202
computer modeling 23, 26, 234
computer science 21, 223, 229
computer simulation modeling 223
computing technology 21, 223, 229
conducting polymer 126
confined aquatic disposal 234
conflicting positions on climate changes 102
Conoco 12
conservation 16, 54, 54, 66, 75,108
conservation biology 115
constructed wetlands 167,168
construction material 171
contaminant candidate list 140,175,176
contaminant dynamics 234, 237
contaminant management 125, 211, 232, 234
contaminant release 36, 47, 224
contaminant removal 14,114,133,155,216
contaminant transport 14,15, 33, 34, 35, 36,
91,153,170,200,234,237
contaminant transport model 33,106, 223,
234
contaminants 106,110,153,176
contaminants in soil 1, 36,157,175,177, 219,
224,233, 235
contaminated aquifers 1,105, 200
contaminated equipment 176
contaminated groundwater 101,105,106
contaminated mines 35
contaminated sediment 1, 7, 32, 34, 35, 36, 75,
91, 99, 157,170, 172,173, 175, 177,195,197,
201, 205, 207, 214, 219, 221, 224, 232, 233,
234,235, 236
contaminated sites 175,177
contaminated soil 34,105,141,157,173,175,
177, 195, 201, 205, 207, 214,219,221, 232,
233,234, 235, 236
contaminated subsurface environment 200
contaminated waste sites 195, 219
contaminated waters 154
-------
contingent valuation 9
continuous emissions monitoring 124,139
continuous measurement 124
control 86,121, 122
control technologies 133,198
conversion coating 117,134
copolymer coupling agent 88
copolymers 227
copperS, 133,230
coral bleaching 62
coronary artery disease 59
corporate culture 12
corporate decision making 12
corporate environmental behavior 12
corporate performance 12
cost benefit 11
cost effectiveness 10, 49, 71,121,135,138,
143
Costa Rica 104
croaker 113
crop production 19
cropland 98
crumb rubber 118,144
Cryptosporidium 13, 91, 92, 99, 119, 145,145,
149,153
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts 76, 77, 92,
119,149
CSIA 37
culture 102
cumulative effects 182,183,184,185
cumulative risk 34,41
cumulative risk assessment 41
cutting tools 28
cyanomethyl guanine 45
cyanomethyl valine 45
cycling 67
cyprinodon pecosensis 108
cyprinodon variegatus 108
cytochrome P450 5, 55
cytokine production 60
cytokines 55, 60
dairy farms 77
data management 73, 229
data sharing 229
DBP exposure 45
DDE 46, 54, 68
DDT 46, 68
decay model 203
decentralized cleanup systems 87
dechlorination 101
decision analysis 9, 10, 43, 200, 213
decision analysis tool 200
decision making 9,10,16, 38,43, 66, 78,102,
176,200,202,213,231
decision model 73
decision support tool 202
decontamination of soil 157,175,177
decontamination of soil and water 1,157,197
deep foundations 161
degradation 7,90,172,175.177, 207,214,
219,222,224,233,235
degradation of organic pollutants 219
dehalogenation 101, 205
deliberative policy 213
demographic factors 44
dendrimers 151
dermal contact 35
dermal exposure 45
dermal lesions 5
desorption-resistant contamination 233
desulfurization 109
detection 13, 135, 139, 145, 149,152
detection system 146,153
detoxification 4,151,176
developmental processes 26, 46
devitalized C electrodes 101
dewatering 236
diatomaceous earth 7
diesel exhaust 178,186,187,188,189,190,
191, 192, 193, 194
diesel exhaust participates 178
diesel participates 178
dietary ingestion exposures 14
digital economy 69
digital signal processing chips 86
dinoflagellate 100
dinoflagellate blooms 100
diode laser 83
diode laser based monitoring 124
diode laser spectrometer 83
dioxin/dioxins 34, 42, 48, 71, 84
dioxin exposure 42
dioxin-like compounds 84
directionally-switching parameters 49
discharge 128
disease 25, 179,180,182,183, 184,185, 192
disease & cumulative effects 18, 25, 55,142,
184, 183, 182, 185
disinfection 154,176
disinfection byproducts (DPBs) 45, 99,152
disinfection procedures 18
dispersion modeling 24
disposal 4, 11,120, 125,176
dissolution 176
dissolved organic nitrogen 112
DMA 31,45, 77, 119, 178, 186,188, 193
-------
DNAadducts45,186,188,193
DNA damage 178
DNA sequencing 77
DMA vector 31
DNAPLs 200, 222
dose-response 13, 45, 52
dredged sediments 236
dredging and dredged materials 232
dreging 236
drinking water 3,13,14,15,16, 44, 45, 73, 76,
77, 90, 91, 92, 99, 114, 119, 132, 142, 145, 148,
149,152,153,154,155
drinking water contaminants 14,15,45, 76,
77, 90, 91, 92, 99, 114, 148, 152, 153, 155
drinking water disinfection 45
drinking water distribution system 77, 99
drinking water regulations 92
drinking water standards 222
drinking water system 14,15, 45, 76, 77, 90,
114,152,153,155
drinking water treatment 14, 76, 91, 92, 99,
142,148, 153, 155
drop structures 6
dry machining 28
dryer drumsJ208
dual treatment 159
dual trickling filter 159
Dupont 12
E. Co//91
East Texas 89
ecological assessment 20, 52, 70
ecological condition 44
ecological consequences 115
ecological effects 2, 5, 17, 20, 30, 32, 38, 44,
52, 54, 62, 66, 68, 70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93, 95, 98,
104, 107, 108, 119, 145, 146,203,223
ecological effects: environmental exposure &
risk 2, 5, 17, 20, 30, 32, 38, 44, 52, 54, 62, 66,
68, 70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93, 104, 107, 108, 119,
145, 146, 203, 223
ecological effects: human health 2, 5,17, 20,
30, 32, 38,44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68, 70, 75, 80, 89,
90, 93, 104, 107, 108, 119, 145, 146, 203, 223
ecological exposure 17, 30, 32, 44, 52, 54, 62,
70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93
ecological impacts 17, 80
ecological indicators 2, 5, 17, 20, 30, 32, 38,
44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68, 70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93,
104, 107, 108, 119, 145, 146, 203, 223
ecological modeling 17, 97
ecological recovery 66
ecological restoration 75
ecological risk assessment 17,19, 30, 52, 67,
71, 89, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 104, 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163,164, 165, 166,167,
168, 169, 170, 195, 200, 207, 230, 232
ecological risk assessment model 150
ecological stoichiometry 44
ecological transferability 33
ecologically benign solvents 80
ecology assessment models 23, 33, 35, 38,
66, 78, 205
ecology and ecosystems 9,16,19, 30, 38,43,
47, 52, 66, 69, 74, 75, 78, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97,
98, 100, 104, 112, 115, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160,
161, 162, 163,164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169,
170,223,229,230,234,237
econometric analysis 43
econometrics 78
economic benefits 10
economic incentives 10
economic models 19
economics 9,11,12,16,19, 43, 75, 231
economics & decision making 9,10, 38,43,
102, 121, 176,200,213,231
economics and business 3, 27, 28, 69, 85, 88,
125, 170,202,209,231
ecosystem 16, 44, 98
ecosystem assessment 20, 44
ecosystem condition 44
ecosystem effects 17
ecosystem health 32, 44
ecosystem impacts 80, 96
ecosystem indicators 30, 44, 62
ecosystem modeling 17, 21
ecosystem monitoring 112
ecosystem response 96
ecosystem restoration 63
ecosystem stress 96
ecosystem sustainability 19
ecosystem valuation 9,10, 38, 43, 213
ecosystem/assessment/indicators 2, 5,16,
17, 20, 30, 32, 38, 44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68, 70, 75,
80, 89, 90, 93,104,107,108, 119,145,146,
203, 223
ecosystem protection 2, 5,16,17, 20, 30, 32,
38, 44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68, 70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93,
104, 107,108, 119,145, 146, 203, 223
ecosystem protection/environmental
exposure & risk 2, 5,16, 17, 20, 21, 29, 30, 31,
32, 36, 33, 34, 38, 35, 37, 44, 47, 52, 54, 62, 63,
66, 68, 69, 70, 74, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93, 96,100,
104, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 115, 119,
124, 132, 135, 139, 145, 146, 149, 150, 153,
172,174,203,223,229,230
ecotourism 75
-------
ecotoxicity 52
ecotoxicological studies 52
ecotype 115
ecotypic differentiation 115
education 237
effects assessment 34, 55
effects of ozone in the lung 182,184,185,183
effluents 72
electric utilities 138
electrical resistance tomography 23
electrically heated catalyst 123
electro-optic sensing 65
electrochemcial treatment 125,154
electrochemical detection 119,132
electrochemical methods 154
electrochemical sensor 132
electrochemical sensor cell 119,132
electrochemical techniques 127,133,154
electrochemical technology 133,154
electrochemical treatment 125,127,154
electrodeposition 127
electrodes 101
electromagnetic induction 23
electromagnetip scattering 111
electromagnetic sensors 23
electron acceptor 174
electron microscope 207
electron microscopy 65
electronic bibliography 165
electronic commerce 69
electronic database 165
electronics 85
electronics industry 126
electronics [SIC-3674] 85
electroplating 126
electrowinning 125
EMAP 70
embryo survival 26,46
embryogenesis 68
emerging environmental problems 69
emerging pathogens 153
emission control strategies 124,198,199, 217
emission control technologies 49, 71,116,
121,124,129,136,138,199
emission controls 48, 86, 88,116,121, 136,
199,208,217
emission inventories 24
emissions 6, 72,122,129,138,178,179,180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 196, 198, 215, 218
emissions control 48, 86, 88, 116,121,136,
199,208,217
emissions control engineering 116,124,129,
136
emissions inventory 24
emissions measurement 215
EMPACT 63, 73, 74
empirical validation 10
empowerment 237
encephalitozoon 149
endemic species 115
endocrine disrupting chemicals 22, 26,46, 54,
68,84,113,150
endocrine disrupters 22, 26, 46, 54, 68, 84,
113,150
endocrine disrupters: environmental
exposure & risk 22, 26,46, 54, 68, 84,113,150
endocrine disrupters: human health 22, 26,
46,54,68,84,113,150
energy conservation 128
energy consumption 69
energy efficiency 27,116,121,136,143,202,
208, 227
engines 178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,
186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194
enhanced natural recovery 234
environment restoration 47
environmental accounting approach 231
environmental assets 9,10,16
environmental chemicals 34
environmental consequences of e-commerce
69
environmental contaminants 37, 49, 228
environmental data 70
environmental decision making 223, 231
environmental education 63
environmental evaluation 202
environmental exposure 88
environmental fate 90
environmental hazard assessment 88
environmental hazard exposures 41, 42, 55,
59, 63, 180
environmental health effects 178,179,180,
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190,191,192,193,194
environmental health hazard 180
environmental history 102
environmental image 75
environmental indicators 44
environmental measurement 29,112
environmental monitoring 17, 29, 32, 52, 63,
73, 74, 75,77,106,111,112,119,124,132,
145,149,153,155,223
environmental monitoring data 145
environmental mutagens 195
environmental performance 12
environmental policies for the digital
economy 69
environmental policy 9,10, 67, 69, 213
environmental regulations 69
-------
environmental rehabilitation 66
environmental risk assessment 200
environmental stress 30, 44, 96, 230
environmental stressors 19, 25, 41, 96
environmental sustainability 151
environmental technology 157,170
environmental tobacco smoke 41
environmental toxicants 18, 25, 34, 35, 41,
179,186,187,188,189,190,192
environmental transport and fate 34
environmental values 9,10, 213
environmentally applicable nanoparticles 151
environmentally benign solvents 3, 79, 80
environmentally benign water cycles 87
environmentally caused disease 42, 55,150,
180
environmentally conscious design 86, 202
environmentally conscious manufacturing 3,
28, 65, 80, 85, 88, 126, 129, 202, 210, 227
environmentally-friendly chemical synthesis
210, 227, 226
environmentally friendly technology 154
environmentally safe refrigeration 116,136
environmentally-friendly chemical synthesis
27, 79, 87
enzyme systems 25
enzymes for disinfection 142
EPCRA 83
epidemiology 13, 18, 25, 35,41, 42, 45, 53, 54,
55, 58, 59, 60, 92, 113, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194
epidemiological studies 25,179, 186,187,
188,189, 190, 192
epithelial cells 179, 186, 188, 191, 192, 193
equilibrium partitioning 33
Escherichia co//cells 81
estimating HAP emissions 6
estrogen receptors 46, 68
estrogen response 46, 68
estuarine ecosystem 46, 68, 96, 93, 100, 113,
230
estuarine research 112
ETBE 194
ether oxygenates 194
ethyl benzene 61, 72
eutrophication 44, 75
exhaust 122
exhaust gas 121,122
exploratory air chemistry and physics 196
exploratory research/future 69, 89,108
exploratory research environmental biology
2, 5, 17, 20, 30, 32, 38, 44, 52, 54, 62, 66, 68,
70, 75, 80, 89, 90, 93, 104, 107, 108, 119, 145,
146, 203, 223
explosion suppression agent 147
exposure 41, 42, 45, 53, 55. 59, 60, 71, 73, 76,
77, 90, 91, 92, 99,113,119, 145,148,150,152
exposure and effects 41,45, 61, 73, 76, 77, 90,
91, 92, 99, 119, 145, 148, 152, 178, 179,180,
181, 182, 183,184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190, 191,192,193,194
exposure assessment 5, 24, 25, 34, 35,41, 53,
54,55,99,113
exposure error 61
exposure pathways 41
exposure studies 54
extinction risk 104,108
extirpation-through-introgression 108
extraction of metals 157
fate 34, 35, 90
fate and transport 21, 33, 34, 35, 37, 50, 56,
64, 67, 73, 90, 91,106, 112, 223, 232, 234
fecal contamination 77
feedlot cattle 77
ferrate 148, 154
ferrate production 154
ferric oxide 71
ferrous metals 154
fiber amplifiers 83
fiber laser 65
fiber optic 86
fiber optic sensor technology 86
field deploy able 132
field detection 153
field measurements 107
field monitoring 29, 57, 81, 132,135,139,153
field portable monitoring 29, 57,135,139,153
field studies 175
field study 196
filter 152
filtration 152
filtration of sewage effluent 14,15
fine particle levels 61
fine particles 60
fine paniculate matter 162
fine particulates 61
fish 17, 26, 30,46, 68, 96, 113
fish communities 96
fish habitat 17, 94,95, 96, 97
fish kills 32
fish reproduction 46, 68
fisheries 75, 96
flood hazard initiatives 38
flood plain communities 70
flood plains 75
-------
Florida 54, 62, 93
Florida Keys 62
flue gases 109,138
fluid flow 21
fluidized bed incineration 225
fluorometer 149
flushing 222
fly ash 48, 84
food chain 67, 230
forecasting 73
forest 89
forestry 89,104
formaldehyde 82, 88,178,194
fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
measurement 71,83
FQPA 40
fractal analysis 2
fragmentation 96
FTIR (fourier transform infrared) 71, 83
FtLupton174
fuel additives 194
furans 34, 48
futures research 69, 89, 108
6. breve red tides 93
game theory 66
gas chromatography 37, 50, 51
gas sensing system 65
gasoline 51, 174
gastroenteritis 14,15
gene flow 115
gene sequences 100
gene-environment interaction 25, 55
general circulation model 19, 98
GENESIS climate model 19
genetic analysis 13, 32, 30
genetic diversity 95, 96, 96, 97
genetic markers 115
genetic polymorphisms 25, 42
genetic predisposition 55, 60
genetic susceptibility 13, 35, 41, 42, 55, 59,
63, 180
genetic variation 95
genetically engineered bacteria 31
genetics 13, 25, 31, 32, 42, 55, 77, 92,100,
108, 178, 184, 186, 188, 190, 191, 192, 193, 205
genotype distribution 77, 92
genotypes 32
geographic information systems (CIS) 20, 38,
67, 70, 74, 78
geophysical imaging 1
geophysical sensing 23
Georgia 37
geotoxicity 34
germinal vesicle breakdown 150
G/ard/a91,99, 145
Giardia cysts 145
GIS (geographical information system) 20,38,
67, 70, 74, 78
global change 78, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98,116,136
global climate 17,19, 78, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98
global warming 2, 94, 95, 96, 97,116,136
gnotobiotic pigs 76
grain boundry diffusion 207
gramineae 115
granular activated carbon 50
grass shrimp 230
green chemistry 3, 48, 79, 80,116,136,154,
210,226, 227
green design 11,116,136, 202
green economics 75
green flourescent protein 31
green process systems 85, 87
green technology 12,120, 126,127, 154, 202,
216
greenhouse experiment 36
greenhouse gas concentrations 2,19, 65
greenhouse gases 116,136
groundwater 14,15,16,18, 37, 55, 78, 90, 91,
101, 105, 106, 132, 155, 156, 174, 197, 200, 201
groundwater aquifers 156
groundwater contamination 37, 64, 91,101,
105,106,200
groundwater disinfection 14,15, 99
groundwater pollution 3
groundwater quality 158,159,160,161,162,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169
groundwater remediation 18, 64, 90, 91,101,
105,106,156,174,200,212
groundwater remediation strategy 200
growth cycle 93
growth rate 30
Gulf Coast 89
Gulf Coast Hazardous Substance Research
Center 229
Gulf of Mexico 32, 93, 113
Gymnodinium breve toxins 93
H
HAA25
HAB ecology 93
habitat 16,17,20,104,107,115
habitat diversity 96
habitat parameters 115
habitat use 104
-------
half-life markers 53
halide extraction 221
haloacetonitriles 45
halocarbon reaction rates 101
halogenated aliphatics 156
halogenated disinfection by-products 45
halogenated hydrocarbons 45, 205
halon 1301 alternative/replacement 147
halons 147
HAPs (hazardous air pollutants) 6, 7, 30, 33,
36, 53, 61, 64, 65, 71, 72, 82, 83, 84, 114, 117,
122, 123, 124, 129, 131, 134, 135, 138, 139,
143,156,198,217,218,225
harmful emissions 86
harmful environmental agents 25, 41
hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) 6, 7, 30, 33,
36, 53, 61, 64, 65, 71, 72, 82, 83, 84, 114, 117,
122,123, 124,129, 131, 134, 135, 138,139,
143,156,198,217,218,225
hazardous chemicals 33, 55,126,127, 228
hazardous emissions 86, 88,170, 226
hazardous liquid waste 125,154
hazardous materials 154
hazardous materials exposure 34
hazardous organic contaminants 125,137,
214,219
hazardous substance contamination 237
hazardous substances 229
hazardous waste 4, 33, 35, 52, 55, 105, 110,
118, 120, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 137, 140,
141, 144, 154, 156, 157, 170, 173, 174, 175,
176, 177, 195, 199, 200, 211, 213, 214, 215,
216, 219, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237
hazardous waste cleanup 1, 203, 219
hazardous waste disposal 120,125, 213
hazardous waste facility 213
hazardous waste generation 4
hazardous waste incinerators 215
hazardous waste management 4,137,157,
195,211,213
hazardous waste sites 34, 35, 213, 219
hazardous waste siting 213
hazardous waste streams 154, 216, 220
hazardous waste treatment 1, 33,125,154,
157,195,213,216,219,232
HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) 116, 136
health effects 18, 25, 35, 55, 58, 60, 61, 113,
178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194
health risks 41, 59, 63
health risk assessment 13,14, 26, 34, 45, 46,
53, 54, 55, 58, 59, 61, 76, 77, 84, 90, 91, 92,
113, 152, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185,186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193,
194,195,205,237
heavy metal contamination 207, 216, 219
heavy metals 8, 22, 32,41, 56,110,113,130,
140,141, 204, 207, 211, 216, 217, 219, 230
heavy metals removal 130
hedonic models 43
hedonic pricing 43
hemoglobin adducts 45
Henry's Law 228
hepatitis 18
herbicides 42, 81
heterocyclic aromatic amines 25
heteropolymolybdate 117,134
heteropolymolybdate conversion coatings
117,134
hexachlorobenzene 235
hexadecane 47
hexane 61
hexose transport 22
hierarchical linear model 43
hierarchical resolution grid 78
high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC)112
high temperature reaction kinetics 208
historical trend analysis 73
HIV 18
hollow fiber membrane reactors 105,197
homogeneous catalysis 80, 210
homogenous reaction studies 84
hormones 90
house prices 43
HPCC 21
human exposure 13, 24, 25, 34, 35, 41,42,45,
53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 91, 99, 150, 178,179,
180, 180, 181, 181, 182, 183, 184,185, 186,
187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 237
human health 14, 15, 24, 53, 55, 63,153,178,
179, 180, 181, 182, 183. 184,185,186,187,
188,189,190,191,192,193
human health effects 14, 15, 35, 45, 59, 60, 90,
92, 152,153, 178, 179, 180, 181,182,183,184,
185, 186, 187, 188, 189,190, 191, 192,193
human health risk 13, 91, 99.150,178,179,
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189, 190, 191, 192,193, 195, 217, 237
human health risk assessment 41,179,181,
182, 183,184,185,188,189,192
human subjects 76, 92
human susceptibility 42, 55
hurricane 232
hybridization 108
hydrocarbon degrading 47
hydrocarbon oxidation 82
hydrocarbon 1, 4, 5, 30, 32, 36, 51, 71. 82, 84,
122, 123, 143, 171, 172, 174, 175, 177, 195,
205,206,212,218,222
-------
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 136
hydroformation reaction 80
hydroformulation 210
hydrologic dynamics 17
hydrologic models 17, 98
hydrological stability 44
hydroxyl free radical 82,212
hypothesis testing 9
I
identification of pollutants 37
Ikon refrigerants 116,136
Illinois River 38
imagery 107
immobilized antimicrobial enzymes 142
immune response 13, 55
immune system effects 25
immune system response 76, 92
immunoassay 8
immunochemical-based detection 8
immunofluorescent assay 77
immunology 59, 92,205
immunotoxicjty 52, 205
impact of waste 73
in-process changes 27, 28, 86, 87, 202, 209
in situ remediation 201, 232, 234
in vivo model 26
incentives 12
incentives and impediments 11, 202
incineration 48, 71, 84,138, 208, 215, 217
incineration alternative 218
incineration effluents 217
incineration/combustion 48, 82, 83, 84, 86,
143,208,215,217,218,225
indicators 20,44
indoor air 24, 41. 57, 59, 61, 73, 129,179,180,
181,192
indoor air pollution control 129
indoor air quality 24, 41, 57, 59, 61, 73, 129,
179,180,181, 192
indoor exposure 41
indoor VOC compounds 129
industrial air pollution 121,198
industrial chlorinated solvents 4
industrial ecology 12
industrial effluents 121
industrial emissions 129
industrial innovations 28, 87,154, 202, 209,
216
industrial process 80, 87, 202, 209, 216, 220,
227
industrial sewers 6,198, 217
industrial solvents 65
industrial stacks 2
industrial technology 208
industrial waste 121,125,154, 216, 217, 220
industrial wastewater 27, 87,125,128,133,
154,154,198,204,209
industry 16, 66, 71
industry/business 171
industry sectors 129
inert atmosphere heating 221
infants and children 40
infectious disease 76
infective dose 13,18
infectivity 76
information dissemination 9,10
information ecology 69
information technology (IT) 21, 69, 223, 229
informed public policy 73
infrared spectroscopy sensor 65
inhalability 58, 59, 60, 178,179, 180, 181,182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192,193,194
inhalation studies 178,179,182,183,184,
185, 191
inhalation toxicology 178, 179,182,183,184,
185,186,188,191,192,193,194
innovative technology 3, 4, 27, 28, 49, 50, 65,
80, 86, 87, 88, 122, 127, 139, 143, 151, 154,
170,202, 216, 218
ion exchangers 216
insecticides 81
Institute Nacional de Ecologia 74
insulin mimic 22
integrated assessment 66, 78
integrated circuit manufacturing 85
integrated pest management 146
interactive aquatic ecosystem indicator 44
interactive stressors 44
interfacial phenomena 64
interfacial tension 33
interindividual variations 25
intermediates 55
internal combustion engine 86,143
internal combustion power plant 86
internet 229
interpretation of conflicting positions 102
interwall partitioning tracer tests 64
intragenic 39
intrinsic bioremediation 103
introgression 108
invasive plant species 115
invasive plants 89
invasive species 89
ion adsorption 114
ion chromatography 29
ion exchange 57,110
-------
ion exchange membranes 110
ion sorption 207
iron 155
Iron hydroxide 155
irrigation 70
isotope analysis 37
isotope ratio 51
isotopic composition 37
jack pot mutations 39
joint advisory committee 74
JP-447
K
K. brews 93, 100
kaolinitesorbent217
Karen/a brew's 93,100
kenaf core 7
kinetcs 236
kinetic models 48, 82,156, 234
kinetic studies 35, 50, 206, 234
kinetics 152
laboratory animals 58
Lake Apopka 54
lake ecosystems 73
lakes 44
land and water resources 17, 94, 95, 97, 98
land farm 52
land management 67, 70,107
land use 38, 52, 63, 70, 98, 104, 107
land use effects 104
landfill gas 218
landfill operation 160
landscape 20
landscape characterization 20, 98,107
landscape monitoring 107
landscape patterns 70
larval fish morphometrics 30
laser based emissions monitoring 124
laser based optical sensor 83
laser induced flourescence 82, 215
Latin America 54
Ieachate36,173,211
leaching of toxic metals 127
lead & lead compounds 140, 216, 217, 219
Iead8, 52, 110, 140,217,219
lead battery recycling 219, 221
lead battery recycling sites 219, 221
lead recovery 221
life cycle analysis 85, 231
life cycle assessment 85, 231
life cycle inventory 85
light scattering method 2
lignin 88
limestone 225
limnology 17, 44
lipopeptide 47
liquid chromatographs 29
liquid mass transfer coefficients 109
liquid phase mass transfer 109
liquid waste incineration 217
long-term monitoring 132
Louisiana (LA) 30, 75, 94, 95, 97
low emission combustion engine 143
low emissions 123
Lower Rio Grande Valley 70
lubricating oils 217
lung 60, 73,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,
185, 186,187, 188,189, 190, 191,192,193,194
lung cancer 179,186,187,188,189,190,192
lung content 183,184,185
lung disease 182,183,184,185
lung epithelial cells 180,181,182,187,189,
190
lung inflammation 58, 59, 60,178,179,180,
181,182,183,184, 185, 187,189,190,194
lung injury 179,180.181,182,183,184,185,
186, 187, 188,189,190, 191, 192,193
lung structure 183, 184,185
lupus erythematosus 55
lymphocytes 5, 55
M
MACT standards 71
magnetic separation 154
management alternatives 38, 66
manganese 155
manganese speciation 56
manufacturing - NAIC 31-33 129
maquiladora plants 18
marine 93,100,112,113
marine biogeochemistry 112
marine biotoxins 100
marine ecosystem 100
marine environment 67
marine food web 230
marine toxins 100
market mechanisms 121,135,143
marsh ecosystem 96
-------
marsh plant growth 75
marshes 96, 235
mass exchange network technology 87
mass spectrometry 37, 51
mass transfer 64
mass transfer limitations 33
mass transfer mechanisms 6
mathematical formulations 64
mathematical modeling 50, 223
measurement 135,139,172,196
measurement methods 57, 83,112
measuring childhood exposure 41
mechanisms of colonization 104
mechanistic behavior of HAP emissions 6
media 3
media: air 73
medium density fiber board 88
meiofaunal populations 32
membrane bioreactors 105
membrane processes 105
membrane technology 151, 202
mercury & mercury compounds 22, 67,131,
138,216,217,230
mercury abatement technology 138
mercury absprbtion 138
mercury content 67
mercury cycling 67
mercury recovery 131
metabloic processes 22
metabolic studies 194
metabolism 44, 55,194
metal binding protiens 230
metal-chelate complexes 8, 204
metal chlorides 48, 84
metal complexes 125
metal compounds 219
metal concentrations 24
metal contaminated sediment 8
metal contaminated soil 141
metal contamination 207, 219
metal cutting 140
metal finishing 140, 204
metal ion removal 125
metal ions 8
metal plating industry 126, 202
metal recovery 3,125,130, 133,141, 202
metal release 207, 219
metal removal 133,140
metal speciation 8
metal working 140
metal working wastewaters 140
metals 41, 56,140, 207, 217, 219, 221, 225
metals removal 141
meteorology 63
methane 124,139
methane degrading bacteria 105,197
methanol vapor 178
methodological research 9
methyl chloride (chloromethane) 72
methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) 51, 72,194
methylation 67
methylene chloride 205
methylization of mercury 67
methylmercury 67
microanalyzer 119
microbes 157,172,175,177
microbial contamination 14,15, 77, 92, 99
microbial degradation 1,157,175,176,177,
233, 235, 236
microbial effects 92
microbial exposure 13, 76
microbial monitoring 31,119
microbial pathogens 14,15
microbial pathogens 153
microbial pollution 7,15
microbial risk assessment 44, 77, 99
microbial risk management 14,15, 91,119,
142, 145, 149, 153
microbial surface thermodynamics 47
microbiological organisms 15, 99,119,145
microcircuit lithography 126
microflora 175,177
microfluidic 119,145
microorganism tranport 1
microorganisms 119,142,145,172,176
midwest 99,172
mineral phase relationship 207
mineralogic analysis 207
mining impacted watershed 35
Minnesota 24
minorities 41
mitigation strategies 73
mixed bacterial and fungal population 7
mixed organic contaminants 219
mixed waste 197
MLA (chelating agent) 141
mobile sources 24, 57,122,123,143,162,
178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,185, 186,
187, 188, 189,190,191,192, 193,194
mobility 35, 90
mobility of contaminants 4
model building 61
model verification 37
modeling 16, 20, 21, 53, 56, 61, 98,106,177
modeling biological effects 20
Molecular Biology/Genetics 54,100,108,175,
177,233,235,236
molecular detection 14,44
molecular epidemiology 25
molecular genetics 100
-------
monitoring 53, 57, 63, 65, 73, 74, 76, 77, 91,
92, 99, 112,119,124, 132, 135, 139,145, 146,
149,150,152,153, 155,181,208
Monitoring/Modeling 29, 31, 32, 62, 63, 74,
106, 111, 112, 119, 124, 132, 135, 139, 145,
146,149,150,153,172
monitoring stations 63, 74
monoclonal antibodies 8
Montane Lotic ecosystem 20
montane meadow 20
Monte Carlo simulation 85
monte Carlo technique 234
morbidity 58, 59
Morelet's Crocodile 54
mortality 58, 59
mortality rate 30
mortality studies 59
motor vehicle emissions 162,178,186,187,
188,189, 190,193, 194
motor vehicle exhaust 178,194
motor vehicles 143,178,179,180,181,182,
183,184,185, 186,187,188, 189,190,191,
192, 193, 194
mountain streams 56
MTBE51,721194
mucosal immunity 76, 92
multi-objective decision making 10
multi-Vortex System 121
multi-language outreach materials 74
multimedia exhibit 165
multiphase flow 64
multiphase fluid flows 21
multiple acute exposure 41
multiple stressors 62
multipollutant control 225
municipal 118, 120, 130, 144, 158, 159, 160,
161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 217
municipal sewer emissions 72
municipal sewers 72
municipal sludge 217
municipal solid waste landfills 118, 144
municipal waste 118,120,158,159,160,161,
162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 217
municipal wastewater 153
municipal wastewater treatment 159
municipal water 91
mutagen 71
mutations 39,192
N
nanocoatings 28
nanomaterial 151
nanotechnology 151
naphthalene 47,175
NAPLs 33, 64
National Center for Atmospheric Research 29
National Recommended Water Quality 8,52,
105, 110,114, 117,131, 133, 134, 140, 156,
175,176,222,230,235
natural butterfly populations 104
natural disinfection 14,15, 91
natural gas combustion 208
natural recovery 233, 235
natural stressors 62
naturally occurring radioactive material
(NORM) 176
nerve agent 81
NESHAPs 198
network modeling 64
neural tube defects 42
neurotoxicity 40, 81,178, 194
new/Innovative technologies 4, 86,122,142,
143,146,151,176,199,218
New Mexico (NM) 114, 180
New Mexico Environment Department 74
nickel compounds 217
nitric oxide (NO) 83
nitro compounds 206
nitrogen 44, 89,112, 225
nitrogen dioxide 180,181, 208
nitrogen oxides (NOx) 71, 73,122,124,143
nitropyrenes 178,186
nitrous oxide 83
NLVs 14, 15
NMR spectroscopy 1
non-point source pollution 66
non-point sources 66
nonlinear inverse problems 23
nonmarket valuation 78
nonocaotings 28
northwest 104,174
Norwalk virus-like particles 14
Norwalk virus 14, 15
novel catalyst systems 143
novel polymers 142
NOx 71, 73,122, 124,143
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1
nuclear waste remediation 154
nuclear waste streams 154, 216
numerical model 223
numerical simulations 23
nutrient concentrations 1
nutrient dynamics 107
nutrient loading 44
nutrient management 44, 77,107
nutrient stress 44
nutrient supply 44, 107
nutrient transport 75
-------
nutrients 1,44,49, 75, 77,107
oat microparticles 7
occupational exposure 55,192
oceanography 93, 96,100,112, 230
oil absorbing natural material 7
oil biodegradation 172
oil refinery pollution 52
oil removal 172
oil spills 51, 52. 172,173, 174
OK Sector: poultry industry 73
Oklahoma (OK) 38, 61, 73,172,173
on-line optimization 226
operating parameters for spray scrubbing
109
optical absorption 83
optical detectors 29,135
optical scanning 207
optical sensors 65, 83
optoelectronic system 86
opxidation 212
organic chemicals 1, 54, 57, 79, 137, 216, 219
organic contaminants 1,137, 206, 216, 219
organic pollutants 216
organic solvents 216
organophosphate (OP) pesticides 81
organophosphorus hydrolase 81
outreach 158,159, 160,161,162,164,165,
166, 167, 168, 169
outreach and education 63, 73, 74, 229
outreach material 237
ovarian steroidogenesis 113
ovary 113
oxidation 82,154
oxidation of organic compounds 125
oxidation reduction 205
oxidizing agents 154
oxygen 66
oxygen transfer rate 224
oxygenated chemcials 228
oxygenates 206, 228
ozone 63, 73, 116, 147, 178,179, 182, 183,
184,185, 191,196
ozone depletion 116,136
ozone public policy: decision making 73
ozone map 74
p450 genes 42
packaging 11,142
PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) 5,
34, 36, 37, 41, 71, 103, 157, 175, 193, 233
PAH-metal mixtures 34
paint removal 127
paint residue 127
paint stripping 127
paper fines 209
parallel algorithms 21
parallel computing 21
parallel evolution 115
parasites 92
particle board 88
particle counts 99
particle dispersion 111
particle size 57,111
participate emissions 162
particulate exposure 178,179,180,181,182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194
particulate matter 2, 29, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 71,
74, 91, 162, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184,
185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194
particulate matter mass 111
particulate monitoring stations 111
particulates 2, 29, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 71, 74, 91,
162, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185,
186, 187. 188, 189, 190. 191, 192, 193, 194
partitioning algorithms 21
Paso del Norte Air Quality Task Force 74
passive control strategies 6
passive sampling devices (PSDs) 172
pathogens 14, 15, 91, 92, 99,119, 149,153
pathology 149
pavement 118
pawhuska 172
PBBs (polybrominated biphenyls) 1, 7, 36, 37,
65,113,205,218
PCB dechlorination 205
PCB detoxification 205
PCDD/F(polychlorodibenzodioxins/furans)
48
PCR119
pecos pupfish 108
peripheral blood 45
personal exposure 61
pest control 146
pesticide exposure 41
pesticide removal 152
pesticides 34, 36, 37,41, 42, 46, 48, 54, 68, 73,
81, 84, 113, 146, 152, 205, 214, 218
petrochemical industry 27
petrochemical pollution 52
petrochemical waste 52,195
petrochemicals 27, 87,170,172
petroleum 172, 177
-------
petroleum contaminants 177,195
petroleum refining 204, 226, 231
petroleum waste 170
pharmaceutical industry 79, 210, 218
Pharmaceuticals 90
pharmacokinetics 90
phenanthrene 175
phenol 219
phenol degradation 219
phenol-formaldehyde removal 88
photo-oxidation 220
photobleaching 62
photochemical processes 56
physicochemical aspects 223
physiology 68
phytoplankton 100
phytoremediation 36, 157, 170,175, 177, 232,
233, 235, 236
pilot drain systems 198
plant-based remediation 232
plant-microbe system 175,177
plasmatron 143
playa wetlands 98
plywood 88
PM (particulate matter) 2, 29, 57, 58, 59, 60,
61, 71, 74, 91, 162, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191,
192, 193, 194
poaceae 115
policy analysis 9,10, 213
policy making 102
poliovirus 18
pollutant emissions 83
pollutant monitor 83
pollutant monitoring 83
pollutant transport 71
pollution control 170
pollution control technologies 122
pollution dispersion models 71
pollution prevention 3, 12, 27, 28, 56, 71, 79,
80, 86, 87, 88, 116, 117, 118, 122, 126, 127,
134, 136, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 154, 170,
171, 202, 209, 210, 216, 226, 227, 231
polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) 36
polychlorodibenzodioxins/furans(PCDD/F)
48
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 36,113
polychlorinated organic compunds 214
polychlorinated solvent 4
polymer design 142
polymeric coatings 126,127
polymeric waste 127
polymorphism 25
polypeptide hormones 22
population diversity 100
population structure 54, 68
porous media 21, 33, 64
portable spectrometers 65
porus media 64
potassium ferrate 148
potassium ferrate production 154
POTWs (publicly owned treatment works) 72
power generation 138
pozzolanic materials 211
prairie 89
precipitation 98,112
precipitation monitoring 17
precipitation patterns 17
precision farming 107
predictive model 63
predictive modeling 196
predictive species model 20
prefabricated verticle drains 201
preference formation 9, 10
preferences 16,66, 78
pressure 86
probe sampling 83
process demonstration 103
process drains 6
process evaluation 103
process modification 27, 28, 80,87, 202,226,
227
process plants 87
process treatment train 219
process wastewater 198
produced water 128
product design 28, 88
product life cycle 11
production processes 87, 202
progesterone 150
progestin 150
property data 228
protein molecules 153
protein synthesis 22
protozoa 77
psychological 16
psychological attitudes 9,10, 213
psychology 213
puberty 46, 68
public access 63
public good 16,78
public health 14, 34, 77
public health alerts 63, 74
public information 63, 74
public issues 213
public outreach 63, 74
public policy 10, 16, 66, 67, 69, 73, 78, 213
public policy methods: monitoring 73
public resources 10
public values 10, 43, 213
-------
public water systems 14,15, 45,155
publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) 72
pulmonary 58
pulmonary disease 59, 60
pulsed laser 57
pulsed physical events 75
pump and treat systems 33
pyrene 175
Q
quantitative relationships 109
quaternary ammonium functionalized
dendrimers 151
radial jet reattachment 208
radiation scattering 2
radio imaging methods 23
radioactive waste 176
rainfall patterns 17
RAPDS115
rapid evolution 108
rapid screening assay 150
rate controling model 224
reaction mechanisms 48
reactive barrier 234
reactors 218
real time analysis 153
real time measurement 146
real time monitoring 57, 63, 73, 74, 153
recalcitrant hydrocarbons 36
receptor-based modeling 106
recovery 121,127
recreational area 73
recreational water 38, 73
recyclable design 11,137
recycled paper 209
recycled waste products 118,144
recycling 3,118,120,137,144, 202
red tide 93
redox exchangers 216
reduced CO2 production 116,136
reductive dechlorination 101
reductive processes 4
refinery sites 34
refrigerants 116,136
refrigeration 116,136
refrigerators 116,136
Region 4 232
Region 7 99
Region 8 56
regional climate model 97
regional ecosystems 19
regional hydrologic vulnerability 98
regional scale impacts 70
regional/scaling 70,107
regionalization 19
regulations 12, 202
regulatory incentives 219
relevant-time 74
remediation 8, 23, 33, 34, 36, 64,103,135,
140,141, 154, 156,157, 172, 173,174,175,
176, 177, 199, 200, 201, 205, 206, 207, 214,
216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 224, 234
remote sensing 78,111
remote sensing data 62
remote sensing imagery 107
remotely sensed data 70
removal 138
renewable 3
reproduction 26
reproductive effects 46, 68
reproductive health 42
reproductive processes 26,46
resource management 70, 73
respiration 181
respiratory 59, 60
respiratory illness 181
respiratory infection 180
restoration 56, 66
restoration planning 33, 66
resuspension 236
reuse 118,120,127,144,171
reversible inactivation 18
reverse osmosis 128
rhamnolipid 47
rheumatoid arthritis 55
rhizospheric 36,177
Rio Grande arid streams 91
Rio Grande Basin 16
Rio Grande Riparian Corridor 70
Rio Grande watershed 16, 78
riparian ecosystem 70
risk 53, 73
risk assessment 13,16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 34, 35,
38, 40, 41, 42, 45, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 66, 68, 73,
82, 83, 91, 99, 113, 150, 157, 174, 178, 179,
180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188,
189,190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 200, 203,
217,223,237
risk assessment model 203
risk assessment techniques 34
risk characterization 33, 35, 207
risk management 114,155
river ecosystems 38
river inputs 75
river sediments 157
river water 99
riverbank filtration 91, 99
riverine ecosystems 75
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RNA gel profile 31
Rocky Mountains 56
rotary kiln 215
rubber 118,144
runoff 67, 73, 90
Safe Drinking Water 14, 76, 77,152,155
salinity 70
salt water intrusion 96
sampling 172
San Antonio 66
SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research)
116-155
scaling 20, 78
scaling methods 70
school-based study 41
scleroderma 55
screening assay 150
sea level rise 96
seatrout 113
Secretaria del Medio Ambiente 74
sediment 1, 34, 35, 36, 56, 75, 91, 157, 207,
224, 236
sediment caps 234
sediment resuspension 236
sediment transport 34, 35, 36, 75
sediment treatment 36, 157, 207, 224
SELEX (systemic evaluation of ligands by
exponential enrichment) 152
semiconductor manufacturing 85
sensitive populations 17, 41, 42, 54, 55, 58,
59, 63, 73
sensitivity analysis 19
sensors 86,153
sequestration 232, 233
Sequoia National Forest 104
serologically positive humnas 76
Seston C:N:P ratio 44
sewage treatment plants 18
sewers 6
sex differences 46, 68
sheephead minnow 108
SIC 3674 85
signal transduction 113
signal transduction pathways 22
silica materials 131
siting opposition 213
sludge 207, 217
small business 116-155
smog 122
Social & Behavioral Science Research
Program 9, 10, 12, 38, 43, 102, 121, 135, 213,
231
social 176, 200
social impact analysis 10
social impact assessment 67
social influences on scientists 102
social performance measurement 38
social psychology 9,10, 213
social resistance 10,213
social science 9,10,11, 12,16, 38, 66, 69, 73,
98,102,213
social science research 38, 66
social values 38
societal perceptions 213
socio-economic 16
software guidance system 223
soil 34, 35, 64, 67, 89, 110, 141,151,172, 173,
175,177,219
soil contaminants 1, 52
soil extraction 141
soil ingestion 35
soil leachate 141
soil matrix 224
soil microbes 175, 177
soil reclamation 36
soil sediment 34, 35, 219
solar evaporation pond 173
solid waste 118,137,144,164
solidification 211
solidification remediation 207
soluble metal salts 210
solvent replacements 210
solvents 80, 218
sorbent technology 225
source reduction 27, 28, 80, 86,126, 202, 227
southeast 19, 75
southwest 16, 70, 91, 98, 114
spatial and temporal patterns 30
spectral imagery 70
spectral radiance 107
spectroscopic analysis 4
spectroscopic studies 57
sperm mortality 46
spray contactors 109
stabilization 211
stabilization remediation 207
stakeholder feedback 38, 66, 78
stakeholder groups 66
stakeholders 38, 66, 78, 213, 237
standards of value 10, 43
STAR Centers 156-237
STAR Grants 1-100
STAR Fellowships 101-115
start-up emissions 122, 123
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State 5,16,18, 20, 24, 30, 37, 38, 43, 46, 54,
56, 59. 61, 62, 63. 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 75. 89,
93. 94. 95. 97, 114, 158, 159, 160,161, 162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167,168, 169, 172, 173,
174,175,180,196,213,219
State Space approach 27
stated preference 9,10
steroid 46,113
steroidogenesis 113
stochastic bioremediation model 203
stochastic risk assessment 203
storm drainage systems 166,167,168,169
storm events 236
stormwater 153
stratospheric ozone 63, 73, 74, 86,116,136
stream 91
stream ecosystems 56
stressors 62
styrene61,129
styrene removal 129
subsurface drainage system 173
subsurface transport 90
subsurface treatment 155
sulfates 57, 58, 58
sulfur dioxide (SO2) 138, 143, 225
sulfur oxides (SOx) 138,143, 225
supercomuting 21
supercritical fluids 204
Superfund sites 34, 35,199, 200
surface active agents 90
surface mediated reactions 84, 208
surface water 128
surface water discharge 128
surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation 33
surfactants 90
surveys 9,16, 98
susceptibility 25, 42, 55, 60,180
Susceptibility/Sensitive Population/Genetic
Susceptibility 35, 41, 42, 55, 59, 63, 180
sustainable development 3,12,16, 48, 80, 85
Sustainable Environment 3, 27, 28, 79, 80, 85,
87,88, 107, 117, 123, 134, 142, 143. 146, 147,
151,170, 171, 172,176,199,231
Sustainable Industry/Business 3, 4, 11,12,
27, 28, 79, 80, 85, 86, 87, 88, 107, 116, 117,
120,121, 122,123, 126, 127, 133, 134, 136,
137, 138, 142, 143, 146, 147, 148, 151, 154,
170,172, 176, 199, 202, 209, 210, 216, 218,
226, 227, 231
sympatric speciation 115
synthetic organic chemicals 50
systemic evaluation of ligands by exponential
enrichment (SELEX) 152
TAB 232, 237
tall grass prairie 89
Tallgrass Prairie Perserve 172
tallow tree invasions 89
TAME 194
tannery waste 216
TCE (trichloroethylene) 105
technical outreach 237
technologies 171
Technology for Sustainable Environment 3,
27, 28, 79, 80, 85, 87, 88, 107,117,120, 121,
122,123, 133,134,137,138, 142,143, 146,
147,151,170,172,176,199,231
technology research 12,170
technology transfer 158,159,160,161,162,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,169, 237
temperature 95
temperature variables 17, 98
TEF (toxic equivalency factor) 34
TEOM Series 1400a Ambient Participate
Monitor 162
terahertz time-domain 65
terrestrial 89
terrestrial ecosystem 52
tetrachloroethylene (PCE, perchloroethylene)
55, 72, 84
Texas (TX) 5,16, 18, 44, 59, 63, 66, 70, 72, 89,
93, 175,196,213,219
Texas Natural Resource Conservation
Commission (TNRCC) 74
thermal stratification 62
thermoplastics 88
33/50 Program 47, 55, 61, 65, 72, 84,117, 126,
131, 133, 134, 138, 140,156, 176, 216, 219,
220, 228
three dimensional packed bed electrode 125
three dimensional (3D) visualization 74
thymine dimers 62
time-relevant monitoring 63
tires 118, 144
TNT (trinitrotoluene) 36
tobacco smoke 41
toluene 47, 61, 72, 216
TOSC 232, 237
toxic emissions 122
toxic equivalency factor (TEF) 34
toxic metals 133
toxic metals removal 133
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toxic substances 7, 8, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 41,
42, 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 54, 55, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68,
71, 72, 81, 82, 83, 84, 105,110,114, 116,117,
122, 123,124, 126, 129, 131, 133, 134, 135,
136, 138, 139, 140, 143, 147, 156, 175, 176,
198, 199, 205, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 222,
228, 230
toxicity 34, 35, 45, 46, 110, 172
toxicokinetics 18, 34
toxics (see toxic substances)
toxin 93
trace gas measurement 29
traffic intersections 162
traffic pollution 162
transducer element 86
transport 90,106
transport contaminants 34, 36
transportation modeling 74
treatment 14, 49, 73, 76, 79, 90, 91, 92, 99,
114, 118, 128, 133, 144, 145, 148, 152, 155, 217
treatment cost reduction 27
treatment technology 203
trichloroethylene (TCE) 55, 65, 84, 105, 220
trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) process
159
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 61
tropical storms 75
tropospheric 82,112
trcpospheric ozone 63, 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 86,
116,122,124,191, 196
u
ultra low emissions 123
ultrafine metal particles 140
urban air 122,196
urban air pollution 61
urban and Regional Planning 78
urban particulate pollution 162
urban runoff 67, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164,
165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 158, 159, 160, 161,
163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169
urban watershed rehabilitation method 66
urea-formaldehyde removal 88
US Mexico Border 18
Utah (UT) 114
UV effects 62
UV light 63
UV peroxidation reaction 212
vaccine development 13
valuation 9,10,43
valuing environmental quality 9
vegetation models 98
vehicle emissions 74, 122,178,194,123
ventilation 181
vertical expansion of landfills 160
veterans 42
videography 70
Vietnam veterans 42
vinyl chloride 55
viral pathogens 153
virulence characteristics 76, 92
virus cultivation 18
viruses 14,15, 92
VOC emissions 6
VOC recovery 121
VOC removal 199
VOCs (volatile organic compounds) 24,41,
49, 53, 55, 61, 63, 72, 82, 121, 122, 135,199
volatile fatty acids 209
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 24, 41,
49, 53, 55, 61, 63, 72, 82, 121,122,135, 199
vulnerability 17, 95
vulnerability assessment 98
wait times 74
waste 1, 4, 5, 7, 18, 23, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
47, 48, 52, 54, 55, 64, 75, 82, 83, 84, 86, 90, 91,
99, 101, 103, 105,106, 110, 118, 120,125, 126,
127, 130, 131, 133, 137, 140, 141, 143, 144,
154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163,
164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 168, 169, 170, 172,
173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 195, 197, 199, 200,
201, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213,
214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222,
223, 224, 225, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236,237
waste management 4,158,159,160,161,162,
163, 164, 165,166, 167, 168, 169, 216
waste minimization 3,12, 27, 28, 79, 85, 86,
87, 126, 127, 168, 169, 202, 209, 216, 226, 227
waste recovery 130,131
waste reduction 3, 4 , 27, 28, 71, 79, 85, 87,
202, 209, 216
waste stabilization 216
waste streams 202, 209
waste-to-fuel conversion 4
waste treatment 207
waste water treatment 73,125,128,130,131,
133,148,153,154,220
wastewater 6, 27, 50, 72, 75, 87, 90, 125, 128,
131, 133, 140, 148, 154, 198,204,206,209
wastewater discharges 90,128
wastewater remediation 125,140,154, 206,
220
wastewater reuse 27, 87
wastewater systems 87, 90, 209
wastewater treatment 73,125,128,130,131,
133,148, 153,154,220
wastewater treatment plants 90
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water 1, 3. 6, 7, 8,13,14,15,16,17, 22, 27, 30,
32, 34, 35. 36, 37, 38,44,45, 50, 53, 56, 66,67,
72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 87,90, 90, 91, 92, 93, 98,
99,100,105,110,114,119,125,128,131,132,
133, 140, 142, 145, 148, 149,151, 152, 153
154, 155, 157, 170, 172,173,175, 176, 177,
197, 198, 201, 204,205,206, 207, 209, 214,
219, 221, 224, 228, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236
Water & Watershed 14,15,16,17, 38, 66, 67,
75, 78, 98
water availability 17
water conservation 27, 87
water contaminants 153
water disinfection 148,154
water management options 16, 78
water monitoring 149
water quality 14,16,17, 38,44, 50, 63, 67, 77,
91,92
water quality parameters 76, 77, 92, 99
water resources 16,17, 98
water reuse 27, 87
water treatment 14,75, 76, 92, 99,114,145
Water/Wastewater Management 87
waterborne disease 77
watershed sustainablility 75
watersheds 3, 14,15, 16, 17, 38, 66, 67, 75, 78,
94, 95, 97, 98
weather data 63
weathering 51
Wet Weather Flows 17, 67, 73
wetland eutrophication 44
wetland sediments 235
wetlands 94, 96, 235
wildlife 98,108
wildlife toxicology 52
World Wide Web 229
xenobiotic 113
xenoestrogens 26,46, 68
xenopus laevis 150
xylenes (isomers and mixture) 61, 72
Y
Yellowstone National Park 20,115
z
zinc 8,110, 140
zoology 54, 98, 108
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