R 2-72-120
ECFMBER 197?           Environmental Protection Technology Series
  Projects in  the

  Industrial Pollution Control Branch

  July 1972
                                Office of Research and Monitoring

                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

                                Washington, D.C. 20460

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            RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the  Office  of  Research  and
Monitoring,  Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series.  These  five  broad
categories  were established to facilitate further
development  and  application   of   environmental
technology.   Elimination  of traditional grouping
was  consciously  planned  to  foster   technology
transfer   and  a  maximum  interface  in  related
fields.  The five series are:

   1.  Environmental Health Effects Research
   2.  Environmental Protection Technology
   3.  Ecological Research
   H.  Environmental Monitoring
   5.  Socioeconomic Environmental Studies

This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION   TECHNOLOGY   series.    This   series
describes   research   performed  to  develop  and
demonstrate   instrumentation,    equipment    and
methodology  to  repair  or  prevent environmental
degradation from point and  non-point  sources  of
pollution.  This work provides the new or improved
technology  required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality
standards.

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                                                         EPA-R2-72-120
                                                         December 1972
                             PROJECTS
                              IN THE
              INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL  PROGRAM

                        George Rey, Chief
                    Heavy  Industries Sectibn

                                and

                      George Keeler, Chief
            Food,  Paper and  Other Industries Section
                            July 1972
                     William  J.  Lacy, Chief

             Applied Science and Technology  Branch

                Office of Research and Monitoring

                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

                     Washington,  D.C. 20460
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 14.60

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                                    ABSTRACT
Projects of the Industrial Pollution Control Program - July 1972 is a compilation
of the information sheets of the 246 projects initiated since fiscal year
1967 through fiscal year 1972.  Each sheet contains the objectives, statistical
information, and a brief description of an initiated project.

General introductory information on the Federal Industrial Pollution Control
Program is also presented to provide perspective on the magnitude of industrial
pollution and the research directions that must be pursued in order to develop
the technology to adequately control this largest point source of pollution
in the United States.

During the fiscal year 1972 approximately $5.3 million of federal funds were
committed in grants and contracts for projects having total estimated eligible
costs of approximately $23 million.  The approximately $17.7 million (77 per
cent of total commitments) of matching non-federal funds continues to emphasize
the urgent need, interest, and desire of American industry to undertake research
in cooperation with the federal government to resolve the nation's industrial
pollution problems.
                                        iii

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                                CONTENTS






-Section




 I.   General Program Information



       Introduction                                                        1-1




       Industrial Water Reuse                                              1-3



       Industrial Pollution Control Technology                             1-5






 II.   Project Information Sheets



       PPB 12010  Metal and Metal Products                                 2-1



       PPB 12020  Chemicals and Allied Products                            3-1




       PPB 12030  Power Production - Non-Thermal                           4-1



       PPB 12040  Paper and Allied Products                                5-1




       PPB 12050  Petroleum and Coal Products                              6-1



       PPB 12060  Food and Kindred Products                                7-1



       PPB 12070  Machinery and Transportation Equipment Manufacturing     8-1




       PPB 12080  Stone, Clay, and Glass Products                          9-1



       PPB 12090  Textile Mill Products                                   10-1



       PPB 12100  Lumber and Wood Products                                11-1



       PPB 12110  Rubber and Plastics Products                            12-1



       PPB 12120  Miscellaneous Industrial Sources                        13-1



       PPB 12130  Joint Industrial/Municipal Wastes                       14-1



       PPB 16130  Thermal Pollution                                       15-1






III.  Acknowledgements                                                    16-1

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                                     FIGURES
No.

 1        Trends in Use of Water for Public Supplies, Rural Supplies,      1-33
          Irrigation, and Industry, 1945-65

 2        Funding Levels by Fiscal Year of Industrial Pollution            1-34
          Control Branch Projects

 3        Industrial Pollution Control Branch Project Activity             1-35

 4        Location of Industrial Pollution Control Branch Research,        1-36
          Development, and Demonstration Contracts and Grants

 5        Industrial Pollution Control Milestones                          1-37

 6        Industrial Wastewater Reuse Scheme                    '           1-38
                                       vi

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                                      TABLES

 No.                                                                         Page
  —— -                                                                          Trfi .
r
 I.         Estimated Volume of Industrial Wastes Before Treatment, 1964     1-18

 II.        Wastewater Characteristics and Pollutants of Selected Industry   1-19
           Groups

 III.       Comparative Pollution Index Based on Surface Water Criteria      1-20
           for Public Water Supplies

 IV.        Standard Industrial Classification of Industries of
           Significance for Water Pollution

           Part 1 - Heavy Industries Section                                1-21
           Part 2 - Food, Paper and Other Industries Section                1-22

 V.         Program Structure and Coordinators, Office of Research and       1-23
           Monitoring, EPA

 VI.        Industrial Pollution Priority Rankings                           1-24

 VII.       Pollution Control Program Summary                                1-25

 VIII.      Total Current Value of Waste Treatment Requirements of Major     1-26
           Industrial Establishments

 IX.        Unit Operations and Processes Applicable to Treatment and        1-27
           Control of Industrial Water Pollution

 X.         Special - Purpose Research Assignments for Field Laboratories    1-28

 XI.        Proposal Evaluation Criteria                                     1-32
                                        Vll

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                               INTRODUCTION
jOn formation of  the National Industrial Pollution Control Council, President
Nixon  said,  "It  would  be unrealistic, of course, to think that private enter-
prise  could  meet this  problem  alone.  The problem of the environment is one
area where private enterprise  can do the job only if government plays its
proper role."

In 1966 the  Congress of the United States enacted the Clean Water Restoration
Act which provided, as stated  in Section 6  (b). of this Act, for research,
development  and  demonstration  (R&D) to be conducted in the area of industrial
pollution.   The  purpose of Section 6 (b) is"to develop new or improved methods
of treating  industrial wastes  or otherwise preventing pollution of waters by
industry,which method  shall have industry-wide application-"  In addition this
section allows federal grants  to be made for up to 70 per cent of the eligible
cost of a project with the stipulation that no grant may exceed $1,000,000-
However, no  grant may  be made  for any project unless it is determined that the
project will serve a useful purpose in the development of a new or improved
method of treating industrial  wastes.  The  Clean Water Restoration Act is the
authorization which has established the Industrial Pollution Control Program in
the Office of Research and Monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).

In-house research and  development, contracts, and grants are utilized to fully
develop and  demonstrate the applicability,  effectiveness, reliability and
economics of control and/or treatment techniques, devices and systems to be
utilized for abating pollution from industry.  The program is designed to
meet immediate as well as long-range needs.  The needs are for application
and evaluation of pollution control techniques, devices, water reuse systems,
and systems  for  ultimate disposal of industrial and joint municipal-industrial
wastes.

This program will provide a wide spectrum of technical capability for research,
development  and  demonstration.  It includes economic evaluation of control
and treatment methods  and ancillary devices in order to provide the solutions
for developing and applying advanced science and technology to problems related
to industrial pollution control.

The general  goal of the R&D program in industrial waste treatment, both by
industry and by  industry cooperating with government, is to obtain proven
methods of control and treatment for all wastes from industry at reasonable
costs.   Many of  the wastes from industry may be handled by some present state-
of-the-art technology.  However, this technology is limited in the number of
proven  techniques available and the effectiveness to meet high water quality
standards.   Moreover,  much of  what is considered as conventional technology has
yet to  be truly  developed for  application for the extensive variety of industrial
wastes.

The ultimate goal of the EPA is to research and develop alternative economical
treatment techniques and advanced waste treatment systems directed toward
closed-loop  systems.
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Presently there are 2A6-. projects, in progress or completed, which are or were
sponsored under the Industrial Pollution Control Branch program.  More than
300 "needs" have been logged into the Research Program Planning System.  These
"needs" will require a great deal of refinement and work effort to optimize and
assemble them into a priority list cognizant with the EPA program objectives
and mission.  Some of these needs may lack sufficient priority of importance to
merit funding by EPA.  At the same time many more needs have yet to be identified.

EPA intends to research and develop the necessary treatment techniques for
significant industrial wastewaters to the extent necessary to meet any water
quality criteria and preferably to permit total water reuse.  The pollution
control methods to be developed are to have minimum impact on the environment.

As mentioned above, many industrial wastes may be controlled with existing
technology.  It is the responsibility of industry to implement this technology
with its resources.  In instances where new technology may provide methods
for attaining higher water quality or lower costs, or both, relative to existing
techniques, the industrial R&D program may assist industry to develop the
technology, provided the technology has industry-wide applicability.

New developments involve risks normally not associated with the profit orientation
of the particular industry.  In a number of concepts even the obvious will not
be undertaken unless incentives are provided.  EPA may provide assistance in
evaluating applications and suggestions and, at times, provide additional
technical input to projects as well as cooperative grant dollars.  It should be
recognized that a good many of our grants are well below the 70 per cent statutory
authorization for federal participation.  The industry grantee in turn is obliged
to provide proper evaluation resources and information to the public as well as
acquiescing to a variety of other public regulations which require time and
resources.

In the joint committee conference on this portion of the Act, it was stated
by Congressman Cramer . .  . "that industries should be brought into the research
program and that these efforts should contribute toward control of water pollution
in as effective a way as possible ..."  The program of the Industrial Pollution
Control Branch is achieving this.
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                         INDUSTRIAL WATER REUSE

The program goal of industrial water reuse and product (or by-product) recovery
is economically and technically sound.

Wastes must be considered as part of the manufacturing process and the cost
of treating them must be included in the pricing of the product.  Waste
disposal operations normally result in a net cost to the industry producing
the waste.  However, by-product recovery and utilization techniques can reduce
the net cost of treatment and frequently prove to be less expensive than
other methods of disposal.  In some cases a profit can be expected by the
implementation of waste resources recovery as a pollution control method.

Recycled water may be the most valuable resource due to supply shortages,
increasing water supply and water treatment costs, and mounting municipal
sewerage charges.  The recovery of product fines, useable water, and thermal
energy are key methods of reducing overall waste treatment costs and should
always be considered.  Recovery of by-products from wastewater residues is
in the scope of the present program.  There are many products being recovered
but there are a great many more that are not.

Frequently waste streams can be eliminated or significantly reduced by process
modifications or improvements.  One notable example of this is the application
of save-rinse and spray-rinse tanks in plating lines.  This measure brings
about a substantial reduction in waste volume as well as a net reduction in
metal dragout.

One of industry's principal requirements of wastewater treatment, by-product
recovery, and water reuse is that the main product or products of the plant
be satisfactory to the consumer and that the operation of the plants be
efficient and economical.

Through cooperation with the EPA program, industries in general are becoming
more aware of the need for overall pollution control and product (or by-product)
recovery.  This awareness has risen not only because pollution effects the
environment, but also because pollution effects the general public, who are
the customers.  In addition, industries also depend upon our nation's rivers
and streams for suitable water for their manufacturing processes.

In planning for the future industry must recognize that closed-loop industrial
wastewater and water systems are vitally necessary to maintain continuity in
future industrial expansion.  The huge water demands and high growth rate of
water usage of American industry cannot continue to rely solely on traditional
water supply sources.  Even in water-abundant areas, intake water supplies for
industrial use are fast becoming restrictive.  The trend toward water reuse
has already been started.  It must be accelerated now if we are to provide
an adequate base for future industrial expansion.

Current and future environmental standards concerning discharges of wastewaters
are expected to accelerate the pressure on industry to reduce both the pollutional
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 discharge loads and the magnitude of effluent volumes in order to minimize
 impacts  on the environment.

 Industrial water quality requirements for reuse are less demanding, as a
 general  rule, than for municipal supplies.  Accordingly, direct industrial
 water reuse  should be technically and economically achievable earlier than
'comparable municipal water reuse systems.

 Wastewater reuse is therefore not only a resource conservation measure but
 also a method of pollution control.  It is a step in tune with future demands.
 Adequate R&D activity in this area is the key to accelerating the implementation
 of  extensive wastewater reuse systems and eventually the totally closed-loop
 cycle.   The  latter, which will result in no effluent discharge, would comply
 with any water quality standards, now, or in the future.
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                  INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY

Introduction
                                                        o
                                                        '.'.'
industries use huge quantities of the nation's waters and'are the major
factor in the continuing rise in water pollution.  They utilize over 15
trillion gallons of water but, prior to discharge, treat less than 5 trillion
gallons.  Figure 1 presents the various uses of water in the United States
for various periods of past years.  The trends are obvious.  In terms of a
single pollution parameter, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the wastes
generated by industries are equivalent to a total population of over 360
million people.  Even more undesirable than the BOD loads of industrial
effluents are the enormous quantities of mineral and chemical wastes from
factories which steadily become more complex and varied.  These mineral and
chemical wastes include:  metals such as iron, chromium, mercury, and copper;
salts such as compounds of sodium, calcium, and magnesium; acids such as sulfuric
and hydrochloric; petroleum wastes and brines; phenols; cyanides; ammonia;
toluene; blast furnace wastes; greases; all varieties of suspended and dissolved
solids; and numerous other waste compounds.  These wastes degrade the quality
of receiving waters by causing tastes, odors and color, excess mineralization,
salinity, hardness, and corrosion.  Some are toxic to plant, animal, and human .
life.

The variety and complexity of inorganic and organic components contained in
industrial effluents present a serious liquid wastewater treatment control
problem in that the pollution and toxicity effects of these constituents are
of greater significance than those found in domestic wastewaters.

Conventional wastewater treatment technology is often adequate for domestic
wastes but offers less promise of providing the type and degree of treatment
to be required for industrial wastes.  Industrial pollution control technology,
therefore, must be developed and demonstrated to achieve effective and economical
control of pollution from such industries as metal and metal products, chemical
and allied products, paper and allied products, petroleum and coal products,
food and kindred products, textiles, and leather goods.

To continue the attack on the problem of industrial pollution will require
a cooperative industry-government effort to conceive, research, develop,
and demonstrate treatment processes, production modifications, water reuse
principles, and water conservation programs.  The EPA research program has
made Section 6 grants to manufacturers and processors representing major sourqes
of industrial pollution.

Continued, expanded, and accelerated support is urgently needed to specifi-
cally implement the demonstration R&D programs related to new or improved
technology for the treatment, reuse, and/or disposal of industrial wastewaters
and their sludge residues.  With large capital and operating expenditures
facing American industry in the very near future, it becomes imperative that
adequate pollution control technology be developed in a timely manner.  Other-
wise, industry will be faced with the implementation of older, less desireable,
and questionable technological systems.
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Existing data also suggests that about one-third of the total volume of
wastes processed by municipalities is of industrial origin.  Accordingly,
emphasis must be continued to achieve effective water pollution control by
means of joint municipal-industrial treatment.

Another promising and beneficial area requiring additional support is the
implementation of closed-loop (water reuse) treatment systems for the industry
to the extent that "zero" water effluent can be achieved.

An accelerated industrial pollution control research, development, and
demonstration program will measurably decrease the amount of expenditures
needed to implement water quality standards and to meet the industrial effluent
requirements of the future.

Objectives

The objective of the EPA's industrial wastewater treatment research program
is to research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
required degrees of pollution control by least cost methods for all significant
industrial sources of pollution.

Program of Work

The program includes all R&D efforts necessary to resolve industrial pollution
problems.

The objectives will be met by using the research and development grant mechanism,
supplemented by in-house laboratory programs.  The Industrial Pollution Control
Programs implement and administer demonstration projects for new and improved
industrial wastewater treatment projects applicable to the majority of all
significant industries.  These demonstrations include the latest developments
in physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods and combinations
thereof.  It is expected to further achieve the cooperation of industry to
participate in meaningful pollution abatement demonstrations and to increasingly
demonstrate the feasibility of in-plant measures, by-product recovery, and
wastewater reuse as feasible methods to abate pollution and to reduce treatment
costs.

Research programs, consisting of in-house efforts and contracts to industries
and universities, will be undertaken to complete state-of-the-art studies
related to treatment and control technology for selected industry groups.
Similarly, industrial wastewaters are to be identified, characterized, quantified,
and classified for all industries of pollutional significance.

Need

Industrial wastes are the nation's principal point sources of controllable
waterborn wastes.  In terms of the generally quoted measurements of strength
and volume, the gross wastes of manufacturing establishments are about three
times as great as those of the nation's sewered population as indicated in
Table I.  Moreover, the volume of industrial production which gives rise to
industrial wastes is increasing at about 4.5 per cent a year or three times
faster than the population.  Also significant is the variance of composition
of industrial wastes, which contain all known pollutants of concern in water
pollution abatement as well as some unidentified factors.

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Table I  shows reported  quantities of industrial, wastewaters discharged in 1964
and  EPA   estimates of  the  quantities of standard biochemical oxygen demand
(BOD^) and settleable and suspended solids contained in the wastewaters.  The
wasteload  estimates, based  upon an estimate of the "average" quantity of pollutant
per product unit, indicate  that the chemical, paper, and food and kindred industrial
groups generate  about 90 per cent of the BODj in industrial wastewater before
treatment.

Similar  statistics on net wasteload discharges are not completely available.
However, indications are that the extent of industrial wastewater treatment
is not greater than that currently practiced for municipal wastewaters.

Industrial wastes differ markedly in chemical composition, physical characteristics,
strength,  and toxicity  from wastes found in normal domestic sewage.  Every
conceivable toxicant and pollutant of organic and inorganic nature can be found
in industrial wastewaters,  as indicated for selected industries in Table II.
Thus, the  BOD5 and solids content often are not adequate indicators of the
quality of industrial effluents.  For example, industrial wastes frequently
contain persistent organics which resist the secondary treatment procedures
applied normally to domestic sewage.  In addition, some industrial effluents
require that specific organic compounds be stabilized or that trace elements
be removed as part of the treatment process.

It is therefore  necessary to characterize each industrial wastewater to more
appropriately permit comparative pollutional assessments to be made for individual
industries as well as industry groups.  Characterization will also permit classify-
ing the components of industrial wastewaters into as few as four basic classes
of pollutants to more readily collate pollution statistics and to evaluate
economics  of methods of treatment as well as to project lease cost methods.
Proposed generalized basic  classification parameters are biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), total oxygen  demand (TOD), suspended solids (SS), and total
dissolved  solids (TDS)  into which all known pollutants can be classed.

In addition to the characterization of industrial wastewaters, the establishment
of a relative pollution comparative index for all significant pollutants is
also required.   This index, in combination with the known characteristics and
volume of  a wastewater, will determine the relative gross pollution severity of
all industrial wastes and establish a basis for comparing the severity of pollution
from industries  and other sources.

Table III  presents both permissible criteria and desirable criteria for surface
water for  public supplies as obtained from the Report of the Committee on Water
Quality Criteria, April 1,  1968.  The addition of an assumed BODc; value of 5 mg/1
to these criteria permits comparisons of the listed pollutants to be made against
a unit of  BOD.   Under these circumstances it is relatively apparent that pollutants
such as endrin and phenols  (on a mg/1 concentration equivalent basis) are 5000
times more  critical as  pollutants than BOD.  Further work in this area will
permit establishment of more accurate priorities in terms of our nation's
most critical needs.

Industrial wastes will  require research, development, and evaluation of treatment
methods suitable for each significant industrial waste type that is significantly
different  from domestic wastes.
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Table .IV is a listing of all major industry groups and industries of suspected
significant contributions to water pollution.  These have been selected on the
basis of a process water intake of at least 1 billion gallons per year and
with regard to the potential for pollution from the process use of the water.
For program planning and budgeting purposes, the industries are grouped into
13 subprogram elements, as shown in the second column of Table V.  Within
each element the identity of industry group(s) by the respective Standard'
Industrial Classification code number(s) is also presented, as in the second
column of Table IV.

The industries listed in Table IV number approximately 150 and represent
potentially equally numerous 'wastewaters of significantly different char-
acteristics for which treatment technology must either be developed or up-
graded.  The interchangeability of treatment technology between similar types
of wastewaters is anticipated but will have to be demonstrated through results
of grant research projects or in-house studies.  Because resource allocations
may not be sufficient to encompass the potential R&D demand imposed by the
diverse nature of industrial wastes, a priority system must be established
and used in the allocation of R&D efforts 'for industrial wastewater problems.

At this time a firm priority for R&D activities, based on an ultimate comparable
basis of pollution severity, has not been established for industrial wastes.
However, from the data presented in Table I and with the assumption that the
BODc parameter of pollution severity is the prime indicator of pollution,
an initial basis for ranking the industry groups for priority R&D efforts is
possible.  Nevertheless, knowledge of all chemical and physical parameters of
pollution, as well as the state-of-the-art and economic considerations, is
necessary to more adequately assess priority for R&D investments.

Table VI lists current program priorities for industrial pollution sources.
These priorities were established on the basis of the best available information,
the limited pollution parameter statistics available, the state-of-the-art,
and the program investments to date.

In spite of the complexity and magnitude of industrial pollution, initial
estimates of the costs of clean waters from industrial sources have been
made.  As summarized in Table VII, previous estimates of industrial capital
requirements to abate pollution in a five-year period, to the extent of providing
85 per cent treatment effectiveness, are substantially less than estimated
capital requirements for municipal treatment or collection facilities for
separating combined sewers, while the gross pollutional load contributed is
substantially greater than either.  This indicates that either the average
cost of industrial waste treatment, when based on treatment cost per Ib BOD,
is substantially less than for municipal waste treatment or the costs were
underestimated.  If these estimates are reasonably accurate, it would appear
that, for the most part, industrial pollution control to the equivalency of
secondary treatment is within a reasonable cost and need only be developed
and demonstrated for the various industries in our economy which are significant
contributors of pollution.   However 85 per cent removal effectiveness is more
likely to be insufficient to meet future standards and requirements.

Table VIII, also based on 85 percent removal effectiveness,  shows the estimated
backlog of the value of waste treatment requirements of major industrial
establishments for the fiscal years 1969 and 1973-   Again, these estimates were

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 based upon the Industrial Waste Profiles Study completed in 1967 and were the
 first of their kind to be made.

. In summary, the needs show that the industrial wastewater treatment program
 must be primarily dedicated to the attainment of:

     1.  Qualification and quantification of industrial wastes and treatment
         practices.
     2.  Implementation of undemonstrated but feasible treatment methods to as
         many types of industries as possible.
     3-  Reduction of the cost of treatment by the beneficial recovery and reuse
         of wastewater contaminants.
 The alternatives in wastewater treatment are shown in summary flow diagram below.
                              Water  Reuse
   Water Supply
                                                                   t
                                           Wastewater
                                   Effluent
         Reuse
                                 By-Product
     Market
Recovery
                                                                Residues
                                                      To Environment
 The alternatives shown primarily consist of:
     1.  Wastewater treatment (as required to abate pollution to meet water
         quality standards).
         a.  Treatment for discharge (to meet necessary water quality criteria) .
         b.  Treatment for reuse (to meet industrial water quality demands to
             conserve water and offset the cost of treatment) .
     2.  In-plant measures (to reduce pollutants and water discharge).
         a.  Operational (housekeeping techniques and manufacturing procedures).
         b.  Design (to permit water reuse and to reduce wastewater generation).
     3-  Residue treatment.
         a.  By-product recovery (to reduce gross disposal and to utilize values) .
         b.  Residue stabilization (to meet environmental standards).
     4.  Combined methods.
         a.  Joint treatment (to utilize scale factors, off-peak capacity, and
             synergistic effects) .
         b.  Others (combined 1, 2, and 3 methods as appropriate).

 The alternatives best suited for implementation in specific wastewater treatment
 programs will depend on many factors and local conditions.   Where the state-of-
 the-art of treatment is essentially non-existing, emphasis on treatment to meet
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environmental standards should prevail.  For nonprogressive industries, in-plant
measures should be explored for potential application.  For industries which
have demonstrated effective treatment methods, lower costs alternatives of treat-
ment stressing reuse and by-product recovery should be given consideration.

Table IX lists the numerous unit operations and processes which are applicable
for treatment and control of industrial wastes.  The operations and processes
are not readily applicable as a single method of removing all pollutants as
the table indicates.  More often than not several methods will be required to
be used for any single wastewater.

Goals

The overall goal of the industrial wastewater treatment research program is to
provide each basic industry with the demonstrated, developed, and evaluated
technology for the abatement or prevention of water pollution from individual
or multiple wastewater sources.  This will involve the development of new or
improved methods and techniques which have potential value for industry-wide
application where no methods currently exist or older but ineffective methods
are now employed.  In summary, the general goal is thus to upgrade the state-
of-the-art for the treatment of all industrial wastewaters.

The overall general goal of the program can be divided into two broad categories
of more specific aims:  technical and economic.

Specific technical goals are to:

     1.  Define pre- and post-program state-of-the-art.
     2.  Establish and maintain centers of excellence to assist in state-of-the-
         art maintenance.
     3.  Develop the cooperation of industry to maintain the state-of-the-art.
     4.  Develop technical, design and operational guides for each industrial
         waste of significance.
     5.  Characterize industrial wastewaters and classify the pollutants into
         the four major categories of BOD, TOD,  TDS or SS-
     6.  Develop comparable criteria for pollutional severity of contaminants.
     7.  Establish the relative severity of industrial wastewater pollutants in
         terms of total discharges.

In general, the specific economic goals in the wastewater treatment program
are to:

     1.  Develop a comparable basis for the economic evaluation of industrial
         waste treatment.
     2.  Determine pre- and post-program economics of industrial wastewater
         treatment.
     3.  Show that the cost of adequate wastewater treatment will not exceed
         2-4 per cent of the total cost of industrial operations.

From achievement of the above goals it will be possible to demonstrate for each
industry of significance:

     1.  Feasibility of effective treatment (85 per cent removal) systems.
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     2.  Effective (85 per cent removal) treatment systems within the following
         costs:
         a.  BOD removal:  13.5C/1000 gal or lc/lb BOD.
         b.  TOD removal:  14C/1000 gal   or 3<:/lb TOD.
         c.  TDS removal:  15C/1000 gal   or .05
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                             ORGANIZATION OUTLINE
1.  Administration

    a.  Centers of excellence
    b.  Activities development
    c.  Implementation program

2.  Activities Development

    a.  Centers of excellence

        (1;)  Technical information activities

          I   (a)  Wastewaters characterization
             (b)  Criteria for comparability of pollutants
             (c)  Standards of performance

        (2)  Economic bases

             (a)  Demonstration grants
             (b)  Industry-wide impact
                          i
    b.  State-of-the-art

        (1)  Initial (by contract)
        (2)  Periodic (in-house)
        (3)  Terminal (in-house)

    c.  Cooperation of industries

        (1)  Participation in implementation programs (through grants and contracts)
        (2)  Development of wastewater treatment standards (in-house and with re-
             spective manufacturing association)
        (3)  Maintainentance of R&D implementation
        (4)  Dissemination of information

3.  Implementation of Pro.lects

    a.  Research
    b.  Development
    c.  Demonstration and evaluation
    d.  Technical-economics of wastewater treatment processes
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Schedule and Milestones

There are three major milestones to be demonstrated for each major industrial
category.  Attainment of these milestones will provide an upgraded state-of-
the-art for industrial wastewater treatment which will allow substantial
decreased federal R&D efforts to subside in favor of industry's own continued
maintainence program.  In this respect Figure 5 presents a graphic interpretation
of the major milestones in relationship to a time frame for accomplishment.

The major milestones to be accomplished are:

     1.  Demonstration of the equivalence of secondary treatment for all
         industries of significance within each industrial category.  The
         equivalence of secondary treatment is the removal of about 85 per
         cent of the primary pollutants from industrial wastewaters.  (Pollutants
         that can be removed by primary methods).

     2.  Development and demonstration of the necessary treatment requirements
         for industrial wastewaters of significance to the extent required
         to meet state and local water quality criteria.  In a majority of
         cases this requirement can be attained by the removal of up to
         98 per cent of primary pollutants or the removal to a high degree
         (85 per cent) of secondary but significant contaminants from industrial
         wastewaters.  (Pollutants that can be removed by secondary methods).

     3.  Development and demonstration of the means to control all major
         pollutants from all industries.

These milestones should be recognized as three significant degrees of pollution
control effectiveness.

Alternative methods for achieving each milestone are undoubtably present
and alternative paths of pollution control will require investigation to
determine the least cost alternative for each significant industry.

With the potential that exists for total industrial pollution control for
self-sustaining industrial plants, a method of: achieving the third milestone
is by the "zero discharge" approach or, in other words, total water reuse in
a closed-loop cycle.  Figure 6 is an R&D guide for the industrial program
which stresses the consolidated of industrial plant utilities in a manner to
permit optimum water and wastewater management.  As discussed in the previous
"Industrial Water Reuse" section, the closed-loop industrial water system
is not only a resource conservation measure but also a method of pollution
control.
                                      1-13

-------
Summary

The research and development (R&D) program is directed toward developing
the operational industrial waste treatment technology that cannot be expected
to be developed by industry.  This program is necessary to enable compliance
with water quality standards and is necessary to treat joint municipal-
industrial wastes effectively.  The largest part of this research will deal
with "innovative" treatment processes, which are needed to supplement or
substitute for conventional treatment processes.  Research effort also will
be directed toward developing the "near-100 per cent" and "closed-loop"
waste treatment systems that are increasingly needed in areas of industrial
congestion which, even with high levels of treatment, discharge enormous
waste loads into limited reaches of water.
                                 1-14

-------
                               TECHNICAL PAPERS
-Lacy, W.J.,  "Research and Development Program - Industrial Waste Conference,"
 American Cultured Dairy Products Institute Meeting,  Cornell University,
 Ithaca,  N.Y.  (October, 196?).

 Lacy, W.J. and Cywin,  A., "The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
 Research and  Development Program:   Industrial Pollution Control," American
 Electroplaters'  Society Convention,  San Francisco,  Calif.  (July, 1968).

 Lacy, W.J., Cywin,  A., and Rey,  G.,  "Industrial Pollution Control, Research
 and Development Program," Southwest  Regional American Chemical Society
 Meeting,  Austin,  Texas (December,  1968).

 Lacy, W.J. and Cywin,  A., "Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
 Research and  Development Program :  Industrial Pollution Control," Plating,
 j£ (12),  1299 (December, 1968).

 Lacy, W.J. and Cywin,  A., "Financial Aspects of Industrial Pollution Abatement,
 Research and  Development," American Association of Textile Chemists and
 Colorist Meeting, Washington,  D.C.  (February, 1969).

 Lacy, W.J. and Cywin,  A., "Federal Assistance Available to Companies
 Establishing  Pollution Control Programs," Textile Chemist and Colorist,
 1  (7), 25 (March,  1969).

 Lacy, W.J.,  "Industrial Water  Pollution Control Research and Development,"
 Engineer and  Scientist Society Meeting, Patuxent River, Md. (June, 1969).

 Lacy, W.J. and Cywin,  A., "Federal Grants Available for Industrial Pollution
 Control,  "Water and Sewage Works;   Industrial Wastes Supplement. 116 (5),  12
 (May, 1969).

 Rey, G.,  Cywin,  A.,  Bernard, H., and Dea, S., "Distillation of Wastewaters:
 A Water  Resource  for Arid Regions,"  International Conference on Arid Lands
 in a Changing World, Tucson, Az. (June, 1969).

 Park, P.K., Webster, G.R., and Yamamoto, R.,  "Alkalinity Budget of the
 Columbia River,"  Limnology and Oceanography,  14. (4), 599 (July, 1969).

 Park, P.K., Webster, G.R., Catalfomo,  M., and Reid,  B.H.,  "Nutrients and
 Carbon Dioxide in Columbia River," Limnology and Oceanography, 15_ (1), 70
 (January,  1970).

 Lacy, W.J.,  "Industrial Water  Pollution Control - FWPCA Research and
 Development Program,"  Conference on  the Treatment and Disposal of Waste
 from Vegetable Processing, New Orleans, La.  (August, 1969).

 Webster,  G.R.  and Lacy,  W.J.,  "The  Federal Water Pollution Administration
 Industrial Pollution Control Program," Third Mid-Atlantic  Industrial Waste
 Conference, University of Maryland (November 13, 1969).
                                 1-15

-------
Lacy, W.J.,  "Federal Research Requirement  for  Industrial Water  Pollution
Abatement,"  National Canners1 Association  National Convention,  Washington,
D.C.  (January, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. "Research,Development and Demonstration Activities on Industrial
Waste Problems," National Metal Finishers  Meeting, New York, N.Y.
(February, 1970).

Lacy, W.J.,  "The Industrial Water Pollution Control R&D Program of  FWPCA,"
National Association of Corrosion Engineers 26th Annual Conference,
Philadelphia, Pa.  (March, 1970).

Lacy, W.J.,  Stephan, D.G., and Horn, J.A., "Present and Projected Program of
Research, Development and Demonstration of the FWPCA," American Chemical
Society Meeting, Houston, Texas (February, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. and Stephan, D.G., "The Federal Water Pollution Control  Admin-
istration's  Industrial Program," American  Institute of Chemical Engineers,
San Francisco, Calif. (March, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. and Keeler, H.G., "FWPCA Research and Development and Demonstration
Program," National Symposium on Food Processing Wastes, Portland, Oregon
(April, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. and Rey, G., "FWQA Research and Development Program  for  Pollution
Control in the Dairy Industry," Whey Utilization Conference, University  of
Maryland (June, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. and Dewling, R.I., "Status of R&D Control Technology for Cleaner
Waters," McGraw-Hill Conference on Industry and the Environment,  New York,
N.Y. (June,  1970).

Lacy, W.J. and Ris, C.H., "The FWQA R&D Program for the Textile Industry,"
Institute of Textile Technology, Charlottesville, Va. (May, 1970).

Lacy, W.J.,  Rey, G., Cywin, A., and Stephan, D.G., "The FWQA Research and
Development  Program for Pollution Control  in the Dairy Industry by Whey
Utilization," International Congress on Industrial Waste Water,  Stockholm,
Sweden (November 2-6, 1970).

Lacy, W.J. "Environmental Problems and International Cooperation,"  Seminar
at Conference on the Atlantic Community, Georgetown University,  Washington,
D.C. (February 5-10, 1971).

Lacy, W.J. and Rey, G., "The Environmental Protection Agency R&D Program for
Water Quality Control," Second Annual Environmental Pollution Symposium,
American Ordinance Association (March 24-25, 1971).

Ris, C.H. and Lacy, W.J., "The EPA R&D Program for Water Quality Control  in
the Textile  Industry," American Association of Textile Colorist and Chemist
Symposium, Atlanta, Ga. (March 31, 1971).
                                  1-16

-------
Lacy, W.J. and Risley, C., "The Water Quality Office's Industrial Pollution
Control Program," Society of Photographic Scientist and Engineers, Chicago,
HI. (April 19-20, 1971).

Lacy, W.J., "The Environmental Protection Agency's Industrial Pollution
Control Research Development and Demonstration Program Today," Industrial
Management Conference, Sterling Institute, Washington, D.C. (April 27, 1971).

Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "Environmental Protection Agency Industrial
Pollution Control Coop. RD&D Program," Rubber Manufacturers Association
Meeting, Washington, D.C. (May 11, 1971).

Lacy, W.J. and Cywin, A., "The Federal Pollution Control Program," Waste
Treatment Conference, American Electroplaters'  Society, Waterbury, Conn.
(May 21-22, 1971).

Rey, G., Lacy, W.J., and Cywin, A., "Industrial Water Reuse - Future Pollution
Solution," Environmental Science and Technology. £ (9), 760-765 (September, 1971)-

Rey, G., Manning, G., and Rainwater, F., "The EPA Research and Development
Program for Environmental Control with the Power Industry," American Ordnance
Association, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C.  (May 18, 1972).

Rey, G., Schafer, C., and Myers, L., "The EPA Research and Development Program for
Environmental Control in the Petroleum Refining Industry,"  23rd Oklahoma
Industrial Waste Water Conference, Stillwater,  Oklahoma  (April 3-4, 1972).

Lacy, W.J., Rey, G. and Des Rosiers, P., "The EPA Research and Development
Program for Environmental Control in the Agricultural Chemicals Industries,
Environmental Control and Fertilizers Production Conference, Washington D.C.,
(May 3-4, 1972).

Rey, G., and Lacy, W.J., "Industrial Water Closed Cycles, Research Progress and
Needs,"  Deleware River Basin Conference, Rider College, Trenton,  New Jersey,
(September 12, 1972).
                                  1-17

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                                                                         TABLE I

                                               ESTIMATED VOLUME OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES BEFORE TREATMENT,,  1964
PPB
Code
SIC
Code
Wastewater Volume1
 (Billion Gallons)
12010   33,34

12020   28

12030   	

12040   26

12050   29

12060   20

12070   35,36,37

12080   32

12090   22

12100   24,25

12110   30 -

12120   12,19,21,27
        31,38,39,72

12000
Industry Group(s)


Metal and Metal Products

Chemical and Allied Products

Power Production

Paper and Allied Products

Petroleum and Coal

Food and Kindred Products

Machinery and Transportation Equip.

Stone, Clay, and Glass Products

Textile Mill Products

Lumber and Wood Products

Rubber and Plastics

Miscellaneous Industrial Sources


All Manufacturing

For Comparison:
   Sewered Population of U.S.
                       ^Standard Industrial Classification
                        Includes cooling water and steam production waters
                       .Not available or not applicable
                       included in total for all mfg.
Process Water Intake
 (Billion Gallons)
Standard Biochemical
   Oxygen Demand
  (Million Pounds)
 Settleable and
Suspended Solids
(Million Pounds)
> 4,300
3,700
N.A.°
1,900
1,300
690
> 481
(218)d
140
(126)d
160
450
> 13,100
5,300e
1,000
560
N.A.
1,300
88
260
109
88
110
57
19
190
S. 3 ,700
N.A.
> 480
9,700
N.A.
5,900
500
4,300
> 250
N.A.
890
N.A.
40
> 390
i 22 ,000
7,300f
> 4,700
1,900
N.A.
3,000
460
6,600
> 70
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
50
> 930
£ 18 ,000
8,800g
                                                                                    ^120,000,000 persons x 120 gallons x 365 days
                                                                                     120,000J000 persons x 1/6 pounds x 365 days
                                                                                    g120,000,000 persons x 0.2 pounds x 365 days
                       Source:  The Cost of Clean Water,  Volume II,  FWPCA,  U.S.  Department of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office,
                                Washington, D.C., January 10,  1968.

-------
                                                                                  TABLE II

                                                                  WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND POLLUTANTS
                                                                        OF SELECTED INDUSTRY GROUPS*
 Liquid Waste
 Characteristic
                                  Meat
                     Domestic
Canned
  and
Frozen
 Foods
                                                    Sugar
Textile
 Mill
  ducts
Paper
 and
Allied
  ducts
                                                                                    Basic
 Fibers
Plastics
   and
 Rubbers
             Leather      Steel                  Motor
             Tanning     Rolling               Vehicles
Petroleum      and         and       Primary      and
 Refining   Finishing   Finishing   Aluminum     Parts
 Unit Volume
 PH
    Acidity
    Akalinity
 Color
 Odor
 Total Solids
 Suspended Solids
 Temperature
 BODj/BOD ultimate
 ODD
 Oil & Grease
 Detergents
    (Surfacants)
 Chloride
 Heavy Metals
    Cadmium
    Chromium
    Copper
    Iron
    Lead
    Manganese
    Nickel
    Zinc
 Nitrogen
    Ammonia
    Nitrate
    Organic
    Total
 Phosphorus
 Phenols
 Sulfide
 Turbidity
 Sulfate
 Thiosulfate
 Mercaptans
 Liginins
 Sulfur
 Phosphates
 Potassium
 Calcium
 Polysaccharides
 Tannin
 Sodium
 Fluorides
 Silica
 Toxicity
 Magnesium
 Ammonia
 Cyanide
 Thiocyanate
 Ferrous Iron
 Sulfite
 Aluminum
^Source:  The Cost of Clean Water. Volume II, FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior,  U.S. Government  Printing Office,  Washington,  DC.,  April 1,  1968.

-------
                   TABLE III
      COMPARATIVE POLLUTION INDEX BASED ON
SURFACE WATER CRITERIA FDR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLIES
Permissible
Criteria3
75
Narrative
Narrative
Narrative
10,000/100 ml=
2,000/100 mlc
Narrative
0.5 mg/1 (as N)
0.05 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
0.01 mg/1
250 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
1.0 mg/1
i4' mg/1 (monthly mean)
,23 !Jg/l (individual sample)
'Narrative
Narrative
0.3 msA
0.05 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
10 mg/1
6.0-&.5
Narrative
0.01 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
250 mg/1
500 mg/1
5 mg/1
5 mg/1
0.15 mg/1
0.20 mgA
0.5 mg/1
Virtually absent
0.017 mg/1
0.003 mg/1
0.042 mg/1
0.017 mg/1
0.001 mg/1
0.018 mg/1
0.018 mgA
0.056 mg/1
0.035 mg/1
0.1 mgA
Desirable
Criteria"
<10
Virtually absent
Narrative
Virtually absent
< 100/100 mlc
< 20 AGO mlc
Narrative
<0.01 mg/1
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
< 25 msA
Absent
Virtually absent
Near saturation

Narrative
Narrative
Virtually absent
Absent
Absent
Virtually absent
Narrative
Narrative
Absent
Absent
<50 mg/1
<200 mgA
Absent
Virtually absent
<0.04 mg/1
Absent
Virtually absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
Absent
          Constituent or Characteristic

Physical:
     Color (color units)
     Odor
     Temperature*
     Turbidity
Microbiological:
     Coliform organisms
     Fecal coliforms
Inorganic chemicals:
     Alkalinity
     Ammonia
     Arsenic*
     Barium*
     Boron*
     Cadmium*
     Chloride*
     Chromium,* hexavalent
    v Copper*
     Dissolved oxygen

     Fluoride*
     Hardness
     Iron,(filterable)
     ,Lead*'  ,  .
     Manganese*'    .    '
     Nitrates plus nitrites
     pH (range)
     Phosphorus*
     Selenium*
     Silver*
     Sulfate*
     Total dissolved solids*
         (filterable residue)
     Uranyl ion*
     Zinc1*
Organic chemicals:
     Carbon chloroform extract* (CCE)
     Cyanide*
     Hethylene blue active substances*
     Oil and grease*
     Pesticides:
         Aldrin*
         Chlordane*
         DDT*
         Dieldrin*
         Endrin*
         Heptachlor*
         Heptachlor epoxide*
         lindens'
         Methoxychlor*
         Organic phosphates plus
            carbamates
         Toxaphene*
     Herbicides:
         2,4-D plus 3,4,5-T, plus 2,4,5-TF*
     Phenols*
Radioactivity:
     Gross beta*
     Radium-226*
     Strontium-90*
BOD

     *The defined treatment process has little effect on this
constituent.
     permissible criteria are defined as those characteristics
and concentrations of substances in raw surface waters which
will allow the production of a safe, clear, potable,
aesthetically pleasing, and acceptable public water supply
which meets the limits of drinking water standards after
treatment.  This treatment may include, but will not include
more than, the processes described above.
     Desirable criteria are defined as those characteristics
and concentrations of substances in the raw surface waters
which represent high-quality water in *n respects for use
as public water supplies.  Water meeting these criteria

Source:  Wa^er quflHtv Criteria. FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.  Government Printing Office,  Washington,  D.C.,  April 1,  1968.
                           0.005 mg/1

                           0.1 mg/1
                           0.001 mg/1

                           1,000 pc/1
                           3 pc/1
                           10 pcAe
                           5 mg/1
Absent

Absent
Absent

<100 pc/1
<1 pc A
<2 pc/1
 2 mg/1
                               can be treated in the defined plants with greater
                               factors of safety or at less cost than  is possible
                               with waters meeting permissible criteria.
                                    cMicrobiological limits are monthly arithmetic  averages
                               based upon an adequate number of samples.   Total coliform
                               limit may be relaxed if fecal coliform  concentration does
                               not exceed the specified limit.
                                    dAs parathion in cholinesterase inhibition.   It may be
                               necessary to resort to even lower concentrations for some
                               compounds or mixtures.
                                    Maximum value found in tap water  analysis  of 20
                               communities.
                          1-20

-------
                                            TABLE IV

                              STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF
                         INDUSTRIES OF SIGNIFICANCE ?OR WATER POLLUTION

                                PART I   HEAVY INDUSTRIES SECTION
CODE

22
221
2221
2231
225
226
2261
2262
2269
228
229

28
281
2812
2815
2818
2819
282
2821
2822
2823
2824
283
2834
284
2841
2851
2861
287
2871
2879
289
2891
2892
2899

29
2911
295
2951
2952

30
3011
3069
3079

33
331
3312
3315
3317
332
333
3331
3332
3334
3341
335
336
339
TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
Weaving mills, cotton
Weaving mills, synthetics
Weaving, finishing mills, wool
Knitting mills
Textile finishing, except wool
   Finishing plants, cotton
   Finishing plants, synthetic
   Finishing plants, n.e.c.
Yarn and thread mills
Miscellaneous textile goods

CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Basic chemicals
   Alkalies and chlorine
   Intermediate coal tar product
   Organic chemicals, n.e.c.
   Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.
Fibers, plastics, rubbers
   Plastics materials & resins
   Synthetic rubber
   Cellulosic man-made fibers
   Organic fibers, noncellulosic
Drugs
   Pharmaceutical preparations
Cleaning and toilet goods
   Soap and other detergents
Paints and allied products
Gum and wood chemicals
Agricultural chemicals
   Fertilizers
   Agricultural chemicals, n.e.c.
Miscellaneous chemical products
   Glue and gelatin
   Explosives
   Chemical preparations, n.e.c.

PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
Petroleum refining
Paving and roofing materials
   Paving mixtures and blocks
   Asphalt felts and contings

RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, n.e.c.
Tires and inner tubes
Rubber products, n.e.c.
Plastics products, n.e.c.

PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES
Steel rolling and finishing
   Blast furnaces and steel mills
   Steel wire drawing, etc.
   Steel pipe and tube
Iron and steel foundries
Primary nonferrous metal
   Primary copper
   Primary lead
   Primary aluminum
Secondary nonferrous metals
Nonferrous rolling and drawing
Nonferrous foundries
Primary metal industries, n.e.c.
CODE

34
3411
342
343
344
345
3461
347
3471
3481
349

35
351
3522
353
354
355
356
357
358
3599

36
361
363
363
364
365
366
367
369

37
371
372
373
374

38
3811
382
384
FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS
Metal cans
Cutlery, hand tools, hardware
Plumbing and heating, except electric
Structural metal products
Screw machine products, bolts, etc.
Metal stampings
Metal services, n.e.c.
   Plating and polishing
Fabricated wire products, n.e.c.
Fabricated metal products, n.e.c.

MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL
Engines and turbines^
Farm machinery and equipment
Construction and like equipment
Metalworking machinery
Special industry machinery
General industrial machinery
Office machines, n.e.c.
Service industry machines
Miscellaneous macninerv

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY
Electric distribution products
Electric industrial apparatus
Household appliances
Lighting and wiring devices
Radio and TV receiving equipment
Communication equipment
Electronic components
Electrical products, n.e.c.

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
Motor vehicles and parts
Aircraft and parts
Ship and boat building
Railroad equipment

INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
Scientific instruments
Mechanical measuring devices
Medical instruments and supplies
                                                1-21

-------
                                             (continued)

                          PART II   FOOD PAPER AND OTHER INDUSTRIES SECTION
CODE                                                   CODE

20       FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS                     21
201      Meat products                                 2111
2011        Meat slaughtering plants
2013        Meat processing plants                     24
2015        Poultry dressing plants                    242
202      Dairies                                       2421
2021        Creamery butter                            243
2u22        Natural and Process cheese                 249
2023        Condensed and evaporated milk
2024        Ice cream and frozen desserts              25
2026        Fluid milk
203      Canned and frozen foods                       26
2031        Canned and cured seafoods                  2611
2032        Canned specialties                         2621
2033        Canned fruits and vegetables               264
2034        Dehydrated foods products                  2641
2035        Pickles, sauces, salad dressings           2646
2036        Fresh or frozen packaged fish              265
2037        Frozen fruits and vegetables               2654
204      Grain mills                                   2661
2041        Flour mills
2042        Prepared animal feeds                      31
2043        Cereal preparations                        3111
2046        Wet corn milling
205      Bakery products                               32
2051        Bread and related products                 3211
2052        Biscuit, crackers, and cookies             322
206      Sugar                                         3241
2061        Raw cane sugar                             325
2062  .      Cane sugar refining                        326
2063        Beet sugar                                 327
207      Candy and related products                    3273
208      Beverages                                     3274
2082        Malt liquors                               3275
2083        Malt                                       3281
2084        Wines and brandy                           329
2085        Distilled liquor, except brandy            3291
2086        Bottled and canned sort drinks             3292
2087        Flavorings                                 3295
209      Miscellaneous foods and kindred products      3861
2091        Cottonseed oil mills
2092        Soybean oil mills                          39
2094        Animal and marine fats and oils
2096        Shortening and cooking oils
2095        Roasted coffee
2099        Food preparations, n.e.c.
TOBACCO MANUFACTURES
Cigaretts

LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Sawmills and planing mills
   Sawmills and planing mills
Millwork and related products
Miscellaneous wood products

FURNITURE AND FIXTURES

PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
Pulp mills
Paperboard mills
Paper and paperboard products
   Paper coating and glazing
   Pressed and molded pulp goods
Paperboard containers and boxes
   Sanitary food containers
Building paper and board mills

LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS
Leather tanning and finishing

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
Flat glass
Pressed and blown glassware
Cement, hydraulic
Structural clay products
Pottery and related products
Concrete and plaster products
   Ready mixed concrete
   Lime
   Gypsum products
Cut stone and stone products
Nonmetallic mineral products
   Abrasive products
   Asbestos products
   Minerals, ground or treated
Photographic equipment

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING
                                                1-22

-------
                       Table V
Research, Development & Demonstration Program Structure
            Environmental Protection Agency
           Office of Research and Monitoring
                 Technology Division

        Applied Science and Technology Branch
                William J. Lacy, Chief
Mining Industry
Section
HALL
1401
Mine Drainage
1402
Oil Production
1403
Oil Shale

1404
Other Mining Sources

1405
Phosphate Mining
1503
Construction Projects
1507
Dredging
1511
Land Fill





Heavy Industries
Section
REY
1201
Metal and Metal Products
1202
Chemicals and Allied Prod .
1203
Power Production

1205
Petroleum and Coal Products

1207
Machinery and Trans. Equip.
1209
Textiles
1211
Rubber and Plastic
1213
Joint Ind. /Municipal Wastes
1613
Thermal Pollution



Food, Paper and Other
Industries Section
KEELER
1204
Paper and Allied Prod.
1206
Food and Kindred Prod.
1208
Sl:one, Clay & Glass Prod,

1210
Lumber & Wood Products

1212
Misc. Industrial Sources











Agricultural and
Marine Section
BERNARD
1301
Forestry & Logging
1302
Agri. Run-off
1303
Irrigation
Return Flows
1304
Animal Feed Lots
1305
Non-sewered
Rur. Waste
1506
Natural Run-off
1501
Recreational
1502
Watercraft Wastes
1506
Natural Run-off
1508
Oil Pollution
Spills
1509
Hazardous Material
Spills
                      1-23

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                                                                         TABLE VI

                                                          INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION PRIORITY RANKINGS
H
I
        Sub-program
12010


12020


12030

12040


12050

12060


12070


12080


12090

12100


12110


12120


12130
                       Industry Identity
                       Metal and Metal
                          Products

                       Chemical and
                       Power Production

                       Paper and
                       Food and
                       Machinery and
                       Stone, Clay, and
                       Lumber and
                          Wood Products

                       Rubber and
                       Miscellaneous
                                                     Based on Total
                                                                  Based on
                                                                 BOD Loadsa
Based on Suspended
   Solids Loads
itity
;al
jducts
;ion
iducts
1 Coal
'oducts
1
ition Equip.
and
lucts
Products
icts
r-oducts
L Sources
rial-
Wastes
The dost of
Wastewater Volume
1
2
N.A.C
3
4
5
6
8
10
11
9
7
Clean Water . Volume II ,
(Before Treatment) (Before Treatment)
6 2
1 4
N.A. N.A.
2 3
5 6
3 1
8 7
4 —
9 8
7 5
FWPCA, U.S. Department of the Interior,
Based on 196?-68
 FWPCA National
  Priorities
                                                                                                                           7

                                                                                                                           9
 Based on EPA
Program Costs
 To July 1971
                                               N.A.

                                                 2


                                                 7

                                                 1


                                                11


                                                10


                                                 6

                                                 9


                                                12


                                                 8


                                                 3
                                    Washington, D.C.,  January 10,  1968.
                          bThermal pollution aspects,  prior  to July 1971, were not included  in  12030  program.
                          cNot available or not applicable.

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                                                                                TABLE VII

                                                                    POLLUTION  CONTROL PROGRAM SUMMARY
                          Cost  for Pollution Abatement by 1973  (Billions of Dollars)
Pollution Control
	Program	
                                       Required Capital    Operation and
                     Current Capital     Investment        Maintenance
                       Investment         (1967-1973)       (1967-1973)
                                                                                                 Relative Gross   Present Gross    Relative
                                                                                   Total         Pollution Load    Load Treated   Wastewater
                                                                           (Reg.  Cap. Inv. + O&M)  (BOD Basis)      (1962-1964)      Volume    Waste  Type
                                                                                                                                                            Projected Total Water
                                                                                                                                                                 Use Increase
                                                                                                                                                            _(% Change;  1954-2000)
Industrial Pollution
     Control
                       2.4 - 2.9
                                          2.5  -  4-5
                                                           3-0 - 3-9
                                                                                 5-5 - 8.4
                                                                                                     3. Ob
                                                                                                                                     O.?lc
                                                                                                                                               All  types
                                                                                                                                                                      716
Municipal Pollution
     Controld
                         40.0
                                          8.0 -  8.7
                                                           1.4 - 1.7e
                                                                                 9.4 - 10.4
                                                                                                                                               Primarily
                                                                                                                                      1.0       Domestic
                                                                                                                                                                      238
Combined Sewer and
  Storm Overflow
     Control
                       > 60.08
 6.2h
25.01
49. OJ
                                                             N.A.k
                                                             N.A.
                                                             N.A.
                                                                                    >6.2
                                                                                    25-0
                                                                                  * 49.0
                                                                                                     0.4
                                                                                                     O.H
                                                                                                                       N.A.
                                                                                                                                      0 . lm     Domestic
                                                                                                                                                                      238
ao.35 - 0.43 in 196?.

^Currently jointly treated.

cProcess waters only:  0.18 jointly.

^Includes joint treatment.

20.2 in 1967.
                                                           fBased on 120 million  sewered population.

                                                           SFor waste collection  systems.

                                                           "For sanitary sewers.

                                                                  sewer requirements for urban areas.
                                                                                                                         J Complete separation of combined sewers into
                                                                                                                          sanitary and  storm  sewers.
                                                                                                                               applicable  or not  available.

                                                                                                                         Ipor  overflows of combined systems.

                                                                                                                         mFor  overflows.
Source:  She Cost of Clean Water.  Volume II,  FWPCA,  U.S.  Department  of the Interior, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C-,  January 10,  1968.

-------
                                                        TABLE VIII
                                    TOTAL CURRENT VALUE OF WASTE TREATMENT REQUIREMENTS
                                            OF MAJOR INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS3
                                                                   Value (Millions of 1968 Dollars)
i
N3
ON
Industry

Food and Kindred Products
Textile Mill Products
Paper and Allied Products
Chemical and Allied Products
Petroleum and Coal
Rubber and Plastics
Primary Metals
Machinery
Electrical Machinery
Transportation Equipment
All Other Manufacturing

Total Capital Requirement
Plant Currently Provided:
 By Industry
 Through Municipal Facilities
Current Backlog
                                                           Fiscal 1969
                                                            (Estimate)
 743.1
 165.2
 321.8
 379.7
 379.4
  41.1
1473.8
  39.0
  35.8
 216.0
 203.7

3998.6

2215.3
 731.4
1051.9
    Fiscal 1973
(Census Projection)

        669.6
        170.9
        917.6
       1003.8
        272.3
         58.9
       1383.7
         55.9
         51.3
        156.4
        291.8

       5032.2

       1752.3
        635.9
       2644.0
         At least 85 per cent reduction of standard biochemical oxygen demand (determined according to the five-day
         test) and of settleable and suspended solids is assumed.

        Source:  The Cost of Clean Water.  Volume II, FWPCA,  U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Government  Printing
                 Office, Washington, D.C-, January 10, 1968.

-------
                                                                           TABLE IX
                                                     UNIT OPEEATIONS AND  PROCESSES APPLICABLE TO TREATMENT
                                                           AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL WATER POLLUTION
                                     Dissolved BOD
                                        Removed
Biological Processes:
   Activated Sludge                        x
   Anaerobic Digestion                     x
   Bio-Filters                             x
   Biomass Treatment (Algae Harvesting)    x
   Biological P04 Removal                  x
   Extended Aeration:
      Bio-Denitrification                  L*
      Bio-Nitrification                    X
      Pasveer Oxidation Ditch              x
Chemical Processes:
   Chemical Oxidation:
      Catalytic Oxidation                  x
      Chlorination                         x
      Ozonation                            L
      Wet Oxidation                        x
   Chemical Precipitation                  —
   Chemical Reduction                      —
   Coagulation:
      Inorganic Chemicals                  x
      Polyelectrotytes                     x
   Disinfection                            —
   Electrolytic Processes:
      Electrodialysis                      —
      Kl Rr.trolysis                         —
   Extractions:
      Ion Exchange                         —
      Liquid-Liquid (Solvent)              —
   Incineration:
      Fluidized-Bed                        x
Physical Processes:
   Carbon Adsorption:
      Granular Activated                   x
      Powdered                             x
   Distillation                            x
   Filtration:
      Coal Filtration                      L
      Diatomauous Earth Filtration         —
      Dual- Media Filtration               —
      Micro-Screening                      —
      Sand Filtration                      —
   Flocculation-Sedimentation              —
   Foam Separation                         —
   Freezing                                x
   Gas Hydration                           x
   Reverse Osmosis                         x
   Stripping (Air or Steam)                x
 Suspended and
   Colloidal
Solids Removal
     Dissolved
Refractory Organics
      Removal
 Dissolved
Inorganics
  Removal
Dissolved Nutrient
      Removal
Microorganisms
    Removal
                                           x
                                           x
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X


                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
                                                                               X
Concentrate
  Removal
*Under specific conditions there will be limited effectiveness

-------
                                  TABLE  X

                    SPECIAL-PURPOSE RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS

                           FOR FIELD LABORATORIES
Laboratory

Robert S. Kerr  Water
   Research Center
Ada, Oklahoma

Win. C. Galegar
   Director
Southeast Water
   Laboratory
Athens, Georgia

D. W. Dutweiler
   Director
Research Assignments

Treatment and Control Research - Experimen-
tal application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
    (l)  petrochemical industry
    (2)  oil production
    (3)  petroleum refining
    (4)  irrigation return flows
    (5)  impoundment s
    (6)  meat processing  (excluding poultry)

Water Quality Control Research - Development
of technology for control of pollution by
means other than waste treatment (e.g.,
process change, dilution, dispersion, envi-
ronmental treatment, etc.).

Ground Water Pollution Research - Research
on fate of pollution in ground water, ul-
timate disposal of waste concentrates under
the ground, soil treatment, soil chemistry
and microbiology and ground water recharge.

Treatment and Control Research - Experimen-
tal application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
    (l)  agriculture run-off
    (2)  pesticide manufacture
    (3)  fertilizer manufacture
    (4)  phosphate mining
    (5)  textile mills
    (6)  poultry processing
    (7)  citrus processing

Pollution Identification Research - Research
on physical and chemical analytical methods
for detecting, measuring, characterizing
and indicating pollution.

Pollution Source and Fate Research - Research
on methods for identifying and measuring
sources of pollution and on the fate of pollu-
tion in streams and lakes.
                                     1-28

-------
                            TABLE X (continued)
Laboratory

Robert A. Taft  Water
   Research Center
Cincinnati, Ohio

John. J.  Convery
   Director
Alaska Water Lab.
College, Alaska

R. W. Lattimer
   Director

Pacific Northwest
   Water Laboratory
Corvallis, Oregon

N. A. Jaworski
   Director
Research Assignments

Municipal Waste Treatment Research - Expert
mental application of technology for treat-
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
    (1)  municipal sewers
    (2)  unsewered homes

Physical-Chemical Treatment Research -
Development of technology for physical-
chemical separation, modification, or de-
struction of impurities in wastewaters,

Biological Treatment Research - Developmon.
of technology for biological separation,
modification, or destruction of impuri-
ties in wastewaters.

Ultimate Disposal Research - Development
of technology for the non-pollutional
disposal of waste concentrates except for
underground disposal.

Cold Climate Research - Research on
pollution in the Arctic environment.
Treatment and Control Research - Experi-
mental application of technology for treat'
ment, control, or prevention of pollution
from:
     (1)  power production (thermal pollute
     (2)  bakery products
     (3)  paper and allied products
     (4)  lumber and wood products
     (5)  logging operations
     (6)  food processing (excluding meat^p.
         and citrus)

Eutrophication Research - Development of
technology for the control and prevention
of accelerated eutrophication.

Coastal Pollution Research - Research on
fate of pollution in estuarial and coastal
waters.
                                   1-29

-------
Laboratory

National Water Quality
    Laboratory
Duluth, Minnesota

D. I. Mount
    Director
National Marine Water
    Quality Laboratory
West Kingston, R.I.

Clarence Tarzwell
    Director

Edison Water Quality
    Laboratory
Edison, New Jersey
P.B. ^ederman
    Director
Grosse lie Field
    Station
Grosse lie, Michigan
TABLE X (continued)

         Research Assignments

         Fresh Water Quality Requirements Research -
         Determination of physical, chemical, and
         biological water quality requirements for
         all fresh water uses (municipal, industrial,
         agricultural, and recreational) and for
      •   propagation of fish, other aquatic life,
         and wildlife.

       '  Marine Water Quality Requirements Research -
         Determination of physical, chemical, and
         biological water quality requirements for
         all marine water uses (industrial and rec-
         reational) and for propagation of fish,
         other aquatic life, and wildlife.

         Oil Spill Research - Development of technology
         for the prevention, detection, monitoring,
         containment, treatment, and recovery of
         petroleum products spilled into the water
         environment.

         Hazardous Materials Spill Research - Develop-
         ment of technology for the prevention,
         detection, monitoring, containment, treat-
         ment, and recovery of hazardous polluting
         chemicals spilled into the water environment.

         Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow Research -
         Development of technology for the management,
         treatment, and control of pollution generated
         by wet weather conditions.

         Metal and Metal Products Research - Develop-
         ment of technology for the prevention,
         treatment, and recovery of metal finishing
         wastes.

         Vessel Pollution Research - Development of
         technology for the prevention, treatment,
         and monitoring of wastes from watercraft.

         Lake Pollution Research - Research on the
         fate of pollutants in large lakes.
                                   1-30

-------
                            TABLE X  (continued)


Laboratory                          Research Assignments

Grosse He Field                    Treatment and Control Research - Experimental
    Station (continued)             application of technology for treatment control
                                    or abatement pollution from:
                                        (1)  metal and metal products industries
                                        (2)  inorganic chemical industries
                                        (3)  machinery and transportation equip-
                                             ment industries
                                        (4)  rubber and plastics industries
                                        (5)  mining
                                               (a)  salt
                                               (b)  taconite
                                        (6)  dredging
                                   1-31

-------
                                  TABLE XI
                        PROPOSAL EVALUATION CRITERIA
 1.  Extent of industry-wide applicability of results.

 2.  The extent the proposed work can be considered as a new or improved
     method of pollution control.

 3.  The amount of risk involved, i.e. the probability of success.

 4.  The long range benefits to be derived by the grantee.

     a.  Research - minimum grantee benefits - maximum support by EPA.
     b.  Development - partial grantee benefits - partial support by
         EPA.
     c.  Demonstration - maximum grantee benefits - minimum support by
         EPA.

 5.  The extent to which the project will provide solutions to the
     national pollution problem.

 6.  The capability of the grantee for promoting broad application of
     results of a successful project,  (e.g. sponsorship of a national
     association)

 7.  Thoroughness of work plan, qualifications of project director and
     support personnel, facilities available, testing, and analysis.

 8.  The extent of outside interest expressed - particularly in dollar support.

 9.  Reasonableness of the costs proposed.

10.  For proposals qualifying for EPA support, based on the above, the
     distribution of EPA participation is allocated in a manner to provide
     appropriate administrative and fiscal control of the project during
     its course.  This is accomplished by allowing greater EPA contributions
     toward the technical requirements (i.e. engineering services), lesser
     percentage contributions toward operational requirements (i.e. operation
     and maintenance costs), and minimum percentage contribution toward
     capital items (i.e. equipment and construction).
                                   1-32

-------
Q
CD
^
m
15
10

 5
 O
                                   FIGURE 1
         TRENDS  IN  USE OF WATER FOR PUBLIC SUPPLIES, RURAL
              SUPPLIES,  IRRIGATION, AND  INDUSTRY, 1945-65
             ^•i SURFACE WATER                           Hill GROUND WATER
        ,
1945   195O    1955    196O
         PUBLIC SUPPLIES
                               1965
Q
0
\
CO
                                                      1945   195O    1955    196O
                                                               RURAL SUPPLIES
                                                                                  1965
lou
16O
Q 14O
(t
UJ
0. 12O
CO
O '00
CD 80

z
O 6O
-I
5 40

20
o

—
—

—
—
—


— ™

—

—
~






_
I







r
i
«





—
=
E
•





2
i
E
=
18O
16O
Q 14O
QX
UJ
Q. 12O
CO
2
O
_i
< 8O
O

0 60
_j
=! 40
CD
20
o '

—
_

_
—
—


—

—

—
2

















=











=













=
1945   195O    1955    196O
           IRRIGATION
                                      1965
                                                  1945    1950   1955    196O
                                                               INDUSTRY
                                                                                    1965
                   Note: Surface-water data for 1945 not available.

-------
                                        FIGURE  2

                       FUNDING  LEVELS BY FISCAL YEAR

                                            OF

                 INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL  PROJECTS
      Total Cost of Projects
           ' '     f -a    L
      Initiated Each Fiscal  Year


      Value of Grants Awarded
                                               160
                                               14O
                                              120
                                             LL
                                             O  80

                                             (0
                                             2
                                             O  60
                                                4O
                                                2O
67  68   69  7O   71   72  73  74  75


            FISCAL YEAR
 r
Cumulative Total Project Costs

Cumujati\^e Jv/alue of
Grants -Awarded
67  68  69  7O  71  72   73   74  75


            FISCAL YEAR

-------
                                        FIGURE 3

                          INDUSTRIAL  POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM

                                    PROJECT ACTIVITY
  3OO
  280
  26O
  24O
  22O
  20O

h
o
% 180
0
u. 16°
0
IE
£140

D
2 12O
  1OO
   8O
   6O
   4O
   2O
                    New Projects Initiated
            Cumulative Projects
             67     68     69     7O     71      72

                                     FISCAL YEAR

                                        1-35
                                                         73
74
75

-------
                             FIG;JRE 4
                           LOCATION OF
                  INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION CONTRACTS AND GRANTS
                                                                   LEGEND
                                                                  PPB 12070
                                                                         o
                                                                  PPB 12010
                                                                  PPB12020 •
                                                                  PPB 12040 -Cr
                                                                  PPB 12050 *
                                                                  PPB 12060 a
                                                                  PPB 12090 •
                                                                  PPB 12120 A
                                                                  PPB 12130 A.
                                                                  PPB 12030
                                                                  PPB 12080
                                                                  PPB 12110
                                                                  PPB 12100 •

-------
                                     FIGURE  5
                  INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL MILESTONES*
      1OO
 50- -
                                                                     1OO%Removal of
                                                                      Contaminants or
                                                                     "Zero-Discharge"
  t
  <
  DL
T <
i= u

s
u 0
(0 Q.
1OO
             OB
                     69
                                               72
                                                        73
 50- -
                                                                74
                                                                         75
                                                                           76
       68
               69
                                                                 ^ 95% Removal of
                                                                   Contaminants or
                                                                Stream Acceptance
                                                  73
                                                          74
                                                                   75
                                                                            76
UJ
      100
 5O
                                                           ^ 85% Removal of
                                                             Contaminants or
                                                        Municipal Acceptance
             68
                     69
                              7O
                                       71
                                               72
                                                        73
                                                                74
                                                                         75
                                                                                  76
                                      CALENDAR YEAR

                   'Based on Expenditure of Resources According to Congressional Authorization
                   in the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966.
                                      1-37

-------
                                                             FIGURE  6

                                       INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER REUSE SCHEME
                                                  Ash for wastewater treatment
                          .•	Sludge               Water make-ups
            A|r           •*                  Boiler
                                                      Process steam
                                                                             Sludges (Resource
                                                                             recovery, land assim-
                                                                             ilation,  incineration,
                                                                             etc.)
          Concentrated
          blowdown
             Wet  scrubbers
    Landfill or

building materials


     Clean fuel  gases
U..
                                                     Steam condensate

                                                        Cooling  water
                                              "Dual purpose
        Cool ing water

        b I ow dow n
                                     I      ^^	_^^1 Cooling  tower
                                     j                 I    of pond

                                     i
                                                                           • Dual  purpose
                                                                                                                            Wastewater treatment
                                                 Evaporation and drift losses
           -        NORMAL ROUTE

           — • —•  ALTERNATIVE

           	 R&D NEEDED

           -'—-— DELETIONS

-------
       PPB 12010
METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS

-------
                                   PPB 12010

                           METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
Three broad categories of industrial activities are included in this sub-
program element of the EPA Research & Monitoring  Program.  These are the ferrous
metals industries, the nonferrous metals industries, and metal fabrication
and finishing operations other than those related to PPB 12070.

The steel industry uses approximately 18 billion gallons of water per day or
19 per cent of the total industrial water usage.  Most of the water is used
for non-contact cooling purposes.  Approximately 2.9 billion gallons per day
are used in processing operations such as coke-oven gas scrubbing, blast-
furnace gas washing, basic oxygen gas scrubbing, hot rolling, pickling and rinsing,
cold rolling, and dipping and other finishing operations.  These operations
contaminate the water with large amounts of particulate matter, oil, acid,
soluable salts, ammonia, cyanide, phenols, and other organic and mineral compounds.
Most of the waste streams are better suited for chemical and/or physical treatment
methods rather than biological methods.  In addition to the usual R&D program
objectives of improved treatment process efficiency at reduced costs and increased
water reuse and by-product recovery, an additional objective in the ferrous metals
industry is the determination of the cost of waste treatment not only for each
major processing operation, but also the total treatment costs per unit of product.
Grant priorities are for demonstration of closed loop systems, by-product recovery
and high water reuse (decreased effluent loads), and development of improved
waste treatment technology.  The objectives of grant projects are to obtain
raw waste loads per unit of production, technology applicable to a broad segment
of industry, treatment system economics, the resolution of a specific industrial
waste problem.  The principle geographical areas of activity are indicated
on p. 2-7.

The nonferrous metals industries include aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, nickel,
and many others.  These industries use approximately 1.5 billion gallons of
water per day.  Like the steel industry the wastes are high in particulate
and mineral compounds and are best treated by chemical and/or physical means.
The principle geographical areas of activity in the aluminum industry are
indicated on p. 2-8.

There are over 12,000 captive and independent metal finishing operations within
the United States.  The principal operations include stripping, dipping, coating
(painting, etc.), electroplating, anodizing, and etching (printed circuits,
chemical milling, etc.).  While waste volumes are not normally large compared
to the steel, paper, food processing, or petroleum industries, their frequently
corrosive and highly toxic nature makes these wastes particularly hazardous.
                                      2-1

-------
Waste treatment, usually by chemical processes, is necessary to protect sewer
lines from corrosion, sewer maintenance crews from toxic gases and minerals,
and receiving municipal biological treatment plants from deactivation by
slugs or accumulations of toxic materials, and to protect all species that may
come into contact with the receiving waters.

The steel industry and metal finishing (other than electroplating) programs
are implemented by Dr. Hugh B.  Durham, Chief, Industrial Waste Research Program,
EPA, Grosse He, Michigan, 48138; (313) 675-5000.  The nonferrous and electroplating
program are implemented by Mr.  John Ciancia, Chief, Industrial Waste Technology
Branch, EWRD, EPA, Edison, New Jersey,  08817; (201)  548-3347  Ext.  410.
                                     2-2

-------
            PROJECT INDEX




PPB 12010 - METAL AND METAL  PRODUCTS
12010
DIM
DHP
DOT
FPK
FXD
DRH
DUL
EZV
WPRD 41
EIE
DMF
DPF
DSA
DPS
DRE
DNF
EDY
DTQ
EQF
FNM
GCS
GVV
Project
Grantee or Contractor Status*
University of Utah
Clarkson College of Technology
University of Waterloo
Battelle Memorial Institute
Metal Finishers' Foundation
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Armco Steel Corporation
Armco Steel Corporation
Chemical Separations Corporation
Metal Finishers' Foundation
The Beaton and Corbin Manufacturing Company
Volco Brass and Copper Company
S.K. Williams Company
RAI Research Corporation
Interlake Steel Corporation
CF&I Steel Corporation
American Iron and Steel Institute
Weirton Steel Corporation
Alabama Water Improvement Commission
The Fitzsimons Steel Company, Inc.
Aerodex, Inc.
Michigan Plating and Stamping Company
A
D
B
B
C
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
C
C
Page
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
2-29
2-30
            2-3

-------
                                                      Project
12010      Grantee or Contractor                      Status*

GUG        New England Plating Company,  Inc.              C        2-31

HOW        Alan Wood Steel Company                       C        2-32

HQJ        American Electroplaters Society, Inc.          C        2-33

800625     Attorney General of Illinois                   C        2-34

801349     The New Jersey Zinc Company                   C        2-35
                                  *Project Status:
                                     A - Completed, Final Report Available
                                     B - Final Report in Preparation
                                     C - Work Continuing
                                     D - Project Terminated
                                 2-4

-------
                            FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

                     PPB 12010 - METAL AND METAL PRODUCTS
.Report Number

12010 EIE 11/68



12010 EIE 03/71
12010 EZV  02/70
12010 DIM 08/70
12010 DUL 02/71
12010 EQF 03/71
 12010 EIE 11/71
12010 DRH 11/71
 12010 DTQ 02/72
 12010 DPF  11/71
 12010 DMF   08/72
Title/Author                              Source

A State-of-the-Art Review of Metal        GPO - $1.00
Finishing Waste Treatment, Battelle
Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio.

An Investigation of Techniques for        GPO - $1.00
Removal of Chromimum from Electroplating
Wastes,  Battelle Memorial Institute,
Columbus, Ohio.

Treatment of Waste Water - Waste Oil      GPO - $2.50
Mixtures,  Armco Steel Corporation,
Middletown, Ohio.

Pyrite Depression by Reduction of         GPO - $0.70
Solution Oxidation Potential, Univer-
sity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Limestone Treatment of Rinse Waters       GPO - $1.50
from Hydrochloric Acid Pickling of
Steel, Armco Steel Corporation,
Middletown, Ohio.

An Electromembrane Process for            GPO - $1.00
Regenerating Acid from Spent Pickle
Liquor,  Southern Research Institute,
Birmingham, Alabama.

An Investigation of Techniques for        GPO - $1.00
Removal of Cyanide from Electroplating
Wastes; by Battelle Columbus Labs.,
Columbus, Ohio

Ultrathin Membranes for Treating Metal    GPO - $1.00
Finishing Effluents by Reverse Osmosis;
by North Star Research & Development
Insti. (through Minnesota Pollution
Control Agency), Minneapolis, Minn.

Combined Steel Mill and Municipal         GPO - $1.50
Wastewaters Treatment, Weirton
Steel Div., National Steel Cor-
poration, Weirton, West Virginia

Brass Wire Mill Process Changes and       GPO - $0.55
Waste Abatement, Recovery and Reuse,
Volco Brass and Copper Company,
Kenilworth, New Jersey

Chemical Treatment of Plating Waste for
Removal of Heavy Metals, The Beaton & Corbin
Manufacturing Co., Southington, Connecticut
                                        2-5

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LOCATION OF MAJOR BLAST K  ^ACES AND STEEL MILLS

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                                         LOCATION OF PRIM*.  ALUMINUM AND
                                         ELECTEOMETALLUEGICAL PRODUCT  PLANTS
CO

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th.it> 4/tce-t de-4c/u.fae6 biie.£ly a Qia.nt unde.i Secfcuw    5  Research   ,
Fe.de.ial Wate.1 Pollution Control Ac/C (PL 84-660], oi amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DIM

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Pyrite Depression by Reduction of Solution Oxidation
                  Potential

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
   Department of Mineral Engineering James V. Rouse
   University of Utah                Division of Field Investigations -
   Salt Lake City,  Utah               Denver Center, EPA
                                   Denver Federal Center, Bldg.  22
                                   Denver, Colorado  80225
Project Site:  Salt Lake City, Utah

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  January 1, 1969      Project Cost:   $13,559

Completion Date:  July 1, 1970    Federal Cost:   $12,663

Summary;

In this study of pyrite depression by reducing  .agents with potassium ethylxanthate
as collector,  it has been shown that pyrite may be depressed effectively in the
flotation of both lead and  copper sulfide ores  without the use of  poisonous
cyanide salts.  More specifically, the use of sodium sulfite as the depressant
may result in metallurgical, economical, environmental, and safety advantages
over the use of cyanide, a  poison.  For example., in the case of the copper ore,
the best results with cyanide as the depressant were a rougher concentrate recovery
of 90.2 per cent and a grade of 4-3 per cent Cu.  However, when sulfite was used
as the depressant for the  same recovery a grade of 7-3 per cent Cu was obtained.

Experimental results support the theory that dixanthogen is the collector species
responsible for pyrite flotation.  The study shows that pyrite depression is
possible by maintaining a reduced solution oxidgition potential thus preventing
dixanthogen formation.  Depression was effected with the following reducing
agents:  sulfite, sulfide, thiosulfate, hypophosphite, and oxalate.  In all
cases the results were similar.  The proposed mechanism of depression involves
the adsorption of the reductant on surface active sites, thus preventing the
adsorption and dissociation of molecular oxygen to nascent oxygen.
                   ADDHSS INQUimiS TO IPA PROJKT OFFICER

                                 2-9

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INFORMATION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/teet dtecsu.beA bfu.e.£ly .a. giant undet Sect-con   5. Research   ,
fe.dc.ial Watex. Pollution Con&iot Act (PL  &4-660),  ai  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DHP

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Metal Removal/Recovery from Polluted Water by Complexation
                   with Linear Polyelectrolytes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Department of Chemistry           Clifford Risley
   Clarkson College  of Technology     Region V, EPA
   Potsdam, New York 13676   '       1 North Wacker Drive
                                   Chicago, Illinois  60606

Project Site:  Potsdam, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March  1, 1970        Project Cost:   $30,780  (2nd year)

Completion Date:  March 1, 1971     Federal Cost:   $27,086  (2nd year)

Summary;

Polygalacturonic acid as received.from the manufacturer and in purified form
has been investigated in detail as a completing agent for  heavy metal ions
(in particular,  Cu~H~, Cd"*"1",- Zn~H and Ni"1^), especially; for rinse waters of the
electroplating and mining industries. .This natural iacid was found to be an
efficient completing agent for :metal cations; the latter can be recovered from
the complexes by leaching with  1.5 N HC1.   The remaining polymer can be recycled
with very little loss (ca.  3 per cent) for further complexation.  The decisive
discovery was made  that the complex-precipitates have very small volumes if
polygalacturonic acid is added  in powder form.  The consequence is that only
small volumes of 1.5 N HC1 are  needed for leaching and that the ratios of the
concentrations of recovered metal ions in the final solutions to those in the
original solutions  range from several hundred to several thousand.  The concentra-
tions of ions left  in the original solutions are near the  limits for potable
water except in the case of nickel.

Polygalacturonic acid in conjunction with a polybase also  precipitates complexes
of metals present in solution in anionic form.  It may also be feasible to
treat cyanide wastes by this method, and possibly Cd and Zn ean be separated
from Cu and Ni in this way.  The polyacid also removes heavy metal ions from
concentrated, strongly acidified chromic acid solution.

From an economical point of view it may be  advantageous to work with pectin,
the raw material of polygalacturonic acid,  in spite of the fact that about
20 - 30 per cent more of pectin than polygalacturonic acid is needed to achieve
the same amount of  complexation.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRItS TO I PA PROJECT OFFICER
                                2-10

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Jh,
-------
IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t de.ic>u.6e.5 buLz^hj a. giant unrfei Section
fe.dc.fiai Mate*. Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660),  
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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
TluA
                          a. gtuint ande.fi Suction   5 Research
       Wate*. PoiZwti-on Control Ac* (PL  &4-660) ,  at> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12010 FXD

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Reclamation of Metal Values; from Metal Finishing Waste
                  Treatment Sludges
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Eugene Harris
                                  National Environmental Research  Center, EPA
                                  Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Metal Finishers '  Foundation
  248 Lorraine Avenue
  Upper Montclair,  New Jersey
                      07043

Project Site: Columbus , Ohio

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 6, 1970      Project Cost:  $99,970

Completion Date:  October  6, 1972 Federal Cost:  $90,069

Summary;

The Metal Finishers'  Foundation will, by means of a contract with Battelle
Memorial Institute, Columbus Laboratories, conduct a study and "in-plant"
bench-scale evaluation of techniques for recovering metals from sludges
produced in the treatment of spent operating baths and rinse waters from
metal finishing operations.

This project will develop information on sludge volumes and characteristics
relative to work loads and type of operation, the effects of weathering on
sludges in current  disposal practice, the techniques for metals recovery, and
the economics of these operations.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               2-13

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tk-ti A/ice-t de,ic>u.be,i  biid^tij a giant uindc.fi Section   5 Research
         Watei Pollution ContAot Ac* (PL S4-660) ,  ai  omenrfcrf.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DRH

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Use of Reverse Osmosis for Treating Metal Finishing
                   Effluents

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           .  EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Minnesota Pollution Control        Dr. Hugh B. Durham
     Agency                          Industrial Waste Research Program
   717 Delaware St., S.E.             Environmental Protection Agency
   Minneapolis, Minnesota  55440      Grosse He, MI  48138

 Project Site: Minneapolis, Minnesota

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  May 1, 1971           Project Cost:   $106,100  (2nd year)

 Completion Date:  April 30, 1972    Federal Cost:    $75,860  (2nd year)

. Summary;

 The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency proposes to engage North Star Research
 and Development Institute  (3100 Thirty-Eighth Avenue,  S.E., Minneapolis,
 Minnesota 54406) to conduct Phase II of  an anticipated three-phase, three-year
 project. The objectives of the project  are to develop reverse osmosis (RO)
 for the treatment of metal finishing effluents (MFE) for the purposes of
 elimination of pollutants  from effluents,  recovery of  valuable plating
 materials, and recovery of wastewaters for reuse.

 In Phase I candidate membranes were screened for the following characteristics:
 high flux rates, high percent rejection,  and resistance to hydrolysis and
 oxidation.

 Phase II will consist of selecting the most promising membrane of  Phase I
 and carrying out reverse osmosis tests of  the membrane  in commercial modules
 for optimum design considerations leading  to an anticipated Phase  III closed-
 loop, in-plant demonstration facility.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICiR

                                2-14

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tim 4/ice.t  descAtbe-i biA-nfatij a. gfuint. anddfi Section 	6  (b)	,
fedaiai Watei Pottution Conttiot Act (PL  84-660), OA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DDL

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Limestone  Treatment of Rinse Waters from Hydrochloric
                  Acid Pickling of Steel

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Armco Steel Corporation           Edw. L. Dulaney
  Middletown, Ohio                  Industrial Pollution Control Section,  ORM
                                   Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Washington, D.C. 20460

Project Site:  Middletown, Ohio

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  November 1, 196?      Project Cost:  $1,784,800

Completion  Date: November 1, 1970  Federal Cost:    $547,500

Summary;

Two hydrochloric acid picklers for cleaning steel strip at Armco Steel Corporation's
Middletown, Ohio Works  produce up to 1,500 gpm of acid rinse waters which contain
up to 0.5 g/L free hydrochloric acid and up to 0.87 g/1 ferrous chloride.  A
facility for disposal of these rinse waters was designed,  based on a process
developed at bench-scale by Armco research scientists.  This process utilizes
limestone for neutralization plus aeration and sludge recirculation to oxidize
ferrous iron and form soluble calcium chloride.  The final report on this
project describes the investigation of process variables at pilot-scale and the
optimization and demonstration of the process at full-scale.

The full-scale facility provided 100 percent neutralization of free acid and
over 99 percent removal of iron using a  50 percent excess  of limestone.  A
very dense, easily filtered sludge was produced.  Although influent temperatures
as low as 59 F were encountered, game fish populations were maintained in the
treated water.  Capital costs for a facility to treat 1,500 gpm acid rinse
water were  $1,360,000.   Operating costs  were 24.0^/1,000 gal. or 4-380/ton of
steel pickled.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-15

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-iA 4/iee-t de/ictcbei bfu.e.^iy a. gsuwt unddn Sect-ton 	6 (b)
        blate.i Poitwtion Control Act (PL &4-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 EZV

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Wastewater - Waste Oil Mixtures


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Armco Steel Corporation           Edw. L. Dulaney
  Middletown, Ohio                  Industrial Pollution Control Section,  ORM
                                   Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Washington, D.C.  20460

Project Site:  Ashland, Kentucky

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  November 1, 1967      Project Cost:  $1,541,720

Completion Date:  June 1, 1970     Federal Cost:    $209,000

Summary;

Cold reduction of steel strip results in the production of large quantities of
wastewater containing variable amounts of oil.  A five-stand tandem cold mill
located at Armco Steel Corporation's Ashland, Kentucky Works produces 200 to
500 gpm of wastewater containing 400 to 4,000 ppm of oil.   The  COD of the waste
varies from 400 to 20,000  ppm.

A treatment  process and facility was developed, constructed, and demonstrated,
on full scale, for the treatment of cold mill wastes.  The treatment process
utilized chemical coagulation to break the emulsions.  The chemicals employed
included alum, lime, clay,  and organic polyelectrolyte.  The process consisted
of the following treatment  steps:  equalization, chemical addition and rapid
miring, flocculation, and  dissolved air flotation.  A number of treatment
variables were studied in  the laboratory and in the field in order to establish
process kinetics and optimum treatment efficiency.

Oil, COD, and turbidity were used in field studies to establish the effect of
the following variables on treatment efficiency:  chemical concentration, order
of chemical  addition, chemical mixing time, flocculation mixing time and speed,
and air flotation time and  recirculation rate.  Based on these  studies, design
criteria and operating costs for this process were presented.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIfS TO EPA PROJECT OrFICIR

                                2-16

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee-t de-icvu-bei b^ce^y a giant ande-i Section     6  (b)
       Watel Poliation Con&iol Act (PL Z4-660) ,  a*  amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  WPKD 41 (Rl) -01-68

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Acid Pickle Liquor Wastes Treatment Utilizing Advanced
                 Ion Exchange Techniques

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Chemical Separations Corporation   Dr. Hugh B. Durham
 Bus Terminal Road                 Industrial Waste Research Program
 Oak Ridge, Tennessee  37830        Environmental Protection Agency
                                 Grosse lie, Michigan  48138

Project Site:  Oak Ridge,  Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date : December 20, 1967      Project Cost: $72,000

Completion Date: March 19, 1969   Federal Cost: $50,400

Summary:

 The purpose of  this grant is to determine the  feasibility of using continuous
 ion exchange to strip Fe from pickling wastes  and regenerate the acid for
 reuse.  The iron will be converted  to a high grade F620., for use in metallurgical
 processing as by-product.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICIR
                                2-17

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IN FORM A TION SHEET  /tSLEAl
'ATE
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t  rfe-icAtbei biie.&ly a giant un.dc.tL Se.ctA.on 	6 (b)	,
fe.de.-ia£ Wat.cn Pollution Control Acxt (PL 84-660),  a* a/nenrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 EIE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  An Investigation of Techniques for the Removal of  Chromium
                  and Cyanides from Electroplating Wastes

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Metal Finishers' Foundation        John Ciancia, Chief
  Upper Montclair, New Jersey        Industrial Waste Technology  Branch
                                   Edison Water Research Division, EPA
                                   Edison, New Jersey  08817

Project Site:   Battelle Memorial Institute
               Columbus, Ohio
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: March 1, 1968          Project Cost:   $173,141

Completion  Date: April 1,  1971     Federal Cost:   $117,699

Summary;

Report 12010 EIE 11/68 discusses information in the open literature pertaining
to waste treatment in the  metal finishing industry.   The survey emphasizes
the nature  of electroplating wastes; their impact on  sewers, sewage treatment
plants, and natural water  bodies; current restrictions on their disposal; and
conventional methods available for treatment of these wastes.

Report 12010 EIE 03/71 describes work which was conducted on the removal of
hexavalent  chromium from plating rinse waters employing various treatment
processes.  The study consisted of an initial phase in which information was
sought by questionnaire and by wastewater analyses on the type of waste produced
by smaller  electroplating  plants.  Laboratory studies were conducted  on several
nonconventional methods for treatment of these wastewaters including  ion flotation,
adsorption  on activated carbon, and solvent extraction.  A demonstration pilot-
plant study also was conducted on the activated carbon process employing actual
rinse waters from a hard chrome plating operation.

The results of the various phases of the study indicated that activated carbon
adsorption  for chromium removal may have practical application in many small
plating plants.  Further development of the process was recommended in actual
plating plant installations.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO (PA PROJECT OFFICER

                               2-18

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet deicAifaei b>vio.^tij a. giant tmde-t Section 	6 (b)	,
Fe.dcAo£ Wdt.en Poifution Con&iot Ac^ (PL  84-660),  06 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12010 IMF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Chemical Treatment of Plating Waste for Elimination of
                  Chromium, Nickel and  Metal Ions

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  The Beaton and Corbin Mfg. Co.     John Ciancia,  Chief
  Southington, Connecticut          Industrial Waste  Technology Branch
                                 Edison  Water Research.. Division, EPA
          .                        Edison, New Jersey  0881?

Project Site:  Southington, Connecticut

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 3, 1968         Project Cost:    $58,220

Completion Date: April 3, 1971     Federal Cost:    $37,250

Summary;

Chemical rinses for electroplating dragout contamination and batch chemical
treatment for spent processing solution  are demonstrated as a  practical method
of removal of chromium, nickel, zinc and copper ions to a level where sub-
stantial quantities of water may be reused.

The toxic metal ions are precipitated by chemical means in an  easily settled
sludge and subsequently further compacted in simple outdoor earthen sludge
beds for ultimate disposal as landfill.
                  ADDRtSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               2-19

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tku 4/tce-t  rfe-icA-cfaei bfu.e.&ty a giant ande.fi Suction      6 (b)     ,
Pe.dc.iat (Uatei Pollution Control Act (PL  54-660},  ad  amendtd.

PROJECT NUMBER:  '12010 DPF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Treatment Recovery, and Reuse of Copper Wire Mill Pickling
                   Wastes

(21ANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Volco Brass  and Copper Co.         John Ciancia, Chief
  Kenilworth,  New Jersey 07033       Industrial Waste Technology  Branch
                                    Edison Water Research Division, EPA
                                   Edison, New Jersey 08817

Project Site:  Kenilworth, New Jersey

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 28, 1968        Project Cost:   $177,159

Completion  Date: December 31, 1970 Federal Cost:   $124,000

Summary:

The final  report to the project describes process changes and waste treatment,
recovery,  and  reuse facilities installed by Volco Brass and Copper Company,
located in Kenilworth,  New Jersey.  The  plant produces 75 tons of wire per
day.

An electrolytic system was installed to  recover copper from the spent primary
pickle solution and to  regenerate the sulfuric acid for reuse.  A hydrogen
peroxide bright pickle  replaced the chromate and fluoride bright pickles
previously used.  Copper from the bright pickle is also recovered in the  electrolytic
system. The electrolytic copper is reused on location in casting.  An integrated
copper treatment system was installed to treat bright pickle drag-out.  Sludge
from the integrated system is recovered  for sale.  Rinse water consuption was
reduced from 150 gpm to 10 gpm.  Former  discharges of chromium, ammonium, and
fluoride ions have been eliminated.  Cost and operating data and effluent
analyses are presented.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-20

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA 4/td£.t deic/uJbei bnie.6ty a giant undc.1 Se.c,tLon _ 6 (b)
        Waten Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660] ,  amwde.d.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DSA

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Electroplating Waste Treatment  and Water Reuse


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  S. K. Williams Company             Clifford Risley
  2370 N. 32nd Street                Region V, EPA
  Milwaukee, Wisconsin  53210        1 North Wacker Drive
                                    Chicago, Illinois  60606

Project Site:   Milwaukee, Wisconsin

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 1?, 1968        Project  Cost:   $157,306.80

Completion Date: May 16, 1971     Federal  Cost:    $87,750.00

Summary ;

The S. K. Williams Company has installed a complete waste treatment  system to
make the wastewater effluent suitable for discharge.  Included in the new plant
are most of  the metal finishing processes common to the industry. Despite the
wide range of toxic materials used in these processes and the severely
limited availability of water at the  new plant,  the company is now able to
discharge an effluent exceeding the quality established by the USPHS for
drinking water supplies.

Five integrated waste treatment systems, each designed for a specific type of
waste compound, are used to protect the rinse waters from contamination by
process solution dragout.  A batch-type treatment  system handles miscellaneous
and intermittent discharges.  The entire design  aims for a minimum volume of
sludge production, and a unique and economical sludge dewatering technique
is included.  Improved rinsing efficiency is achieved through the use of
integrated chemical rinses, thus permitting the  plant to operate on  a minimum
water supply.   Chemical reaction efficiency was  considered in the design of
each phase of the treatment system to insure reduced chemical consumption and
maximum economy of operation.  Data listing the  operating and capital costs
for the entire system is presented in the final  report for the project.
Operating experiences are also described in the  final report.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OfFICiC

                                2-21

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 IN FORM A  TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      4/iee-t de,ic>u.be.A  buLtf^tij a giant ando.fi Section 	6 (b)	,
 Fede<*a£ Wate*. Pollution. Control Ac^ (PL &4-660),  OA amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DPS

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Cyanide Rinse Waters by Electrodialysis


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   RAI Research Corp.                Lloyd Kahn
   36-40 37th Street                Edison Water Research Division
   Long Island City, New York 11101  Edison, New Jersey  0881?


 Project Site:  Long Island City, New York

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: November 11,  1968      Project Cost:  $83,835

 Completion Date:  December 31, 1969Federal Cost:  $58,685

, Summary;

 In a typical metal  plating operation, electroplated work is removed from the
 plating bath and  rinsed.  The rinsewater discharged from the operation contains
 components of the plating bath.   When cyanide baths are used the waste is highly
 deleterious and toxic.

 A system is developed in this study whereby the discharge of rinsewater is
 eliminated.  The  work, according to this method,  is rinsed in a sequence of
 two rinses; the final rinse contains a concentration of cyanide of 1/1.0,000
 of that of the plating bath.

 These  concentrations are maintained by the use of electrodialysis to transport
 cyanides from the second rinse  solution to the first rinse solution and also
 from the first rinse to the plating bath.   In this way, all cyanide is recovered
 and returned to the bath.  Design parameters are  determined from the experiments
 of this study and costs are estimated.

 The experimental  system used in this study was a prototype of a commercial-size
 electrodialysis unit operated continuously under  conditions which simulated
 those  of the projected two-stage commercial system using a cyanide copper
 plating bath.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-22

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tn-U  -6/tee.t  de-icAibe-i b>u.e.&ty a giant unde.fi Section
                                                     6 (b)
fe.dc.fiat (Oaten Pottu&on Con&iot Ac£ (PL S4-66Q) , a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DRE
TITLE OF PROJECT:
                  Pollution Control of Blast-Furnace Gas Washer Through
                  Re circulation
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Interlake  Steel Corporation
  310 South  Michigan Avenue
  Chicago, Illinois  60604
Project Site:  Chicago, Illinois
                                 EPA  PROJECT OFFICER:
                                   Clifford Risley
                                   Region V, EPA
                                   1  North Wacker Drive
                                   Chicago, Illinois 60606
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  January 29, 1969      Project Cost:

Completion Date: January 31, 1971  Federal Cost:

Summary;
                                               $525,600

                                               $175,200
The full-scale demonstration project will provide additional facilities for the
treatment and reuse of 7-2 mgd of blast-furnace gas washer water from the venturies
and coolers on two blast furnaces.  The water before treatment contains 700 ppm
of suspended solids, 1630 ppm of total solids, 3 ppm cyanides, and 100 ppb of
phenols.   An anionic polyelectrolyte will be used to improve recovery of
magnetite (Fe304) and removal of cyanides in the primary clarifier.  In addition,
polyphosphates and chlorine will be used as required to prevent a hydrogen
cyanide hazard in the vacinity of the cooling tower.  A new cooling tower will
reduce the water temperature and further reduce cyanides thus permitting reuse
of most of the water.  The cooling tower blowdown will be used to cool slag.
The blowdown stream will  be evaporated and leave its dissolved solids on the
slag pile. The blowdown rate will be determined by the allowable alkalinity
of the recirculated water. The water is passed through cooling coils in the
walls of  the blast furnaces before routing through the venturies.  This is
expected  to limit the alkalinity to 500 ppm.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFHCER

                                2-23

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it>  4/tee.t de6c/w.be4
                                  undet Season
6 (b)
Fed£/t.a£ Wa.te.ti Pollution Con&iol Act (PL  84-660),  ai amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DNF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Research Study of Coal Preparation Plant and By-Product
                  Coke Plant Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  CF&I Steel Corporation
  P.O. Box 1920
  Denver, Colorado  80201
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Fred Pfeffer
                                  R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
                                  P.O. Box 1198
                                  Ada, Oklahoma  74820
Project Site: Pueblo, Colorado

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 27, 1969        Project Cost:   $205,000

Completion Date:  August 1, 1970   Federal Cost:    $86,500

Summary;

This project will provide for: (a) a study of waste sources, volumes, and
characteristics;  (b) laboratory and bench-scale studies of alternate treat-
ment processes; and (c) a study of additions to planned coal washery filtration
facilities to develop reuse possibilities of non-coking solids and solids
waste disposal.  Development of methods for wastewater treatment to produce
effluents suitable for reuse or discharge in accordance with state stream
standards will be a major objective.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              2-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECT!OH AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PKOJSCT

Th-iA 4/ieet  dc,ict,tbei bii&faiy a gfiant undan. Section
                                  6 (b)
Fe.dc.fiai Wdtei Pollution Con&iot Act (PL &4-660),  0.4 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 EDY
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Biological Removal of  Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds from
Coke Plant Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  American Iron & Steel Institute
  150 East 42nd Street
  New York, New York 1001?
               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                 Leon Myers
                 R.S. Kerr Water Research Center,  EPA
                 P.O. Box 1198
                 Ada, Oklahoma  74820
Project Site:  Houston,  Texas

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 25, 1969        Project Cost:

Completion Date:   March 25,  1971   Federal Cost:

Summary;
                             $156,000

                             $109,200
The Armco Steel Corporation, under the  sponsorship of the AISI and with the
assistance of the AISI  Fellowship at Mellon Institute, will design, construct,
operate, optimize, and  evaluate a 1-gpm pilot facility for the three-stage
biological treatment of raw ammoniacal  liquors from the by-product coke plant
of Armco Steel located  at Houston, Texas.  A typical analysis of this waste
would indicate 1240 ppm of phenol, 60 ppm cyanide, and 6400 ppm ammonia.  The
three-stage biological  treatment system is designed to accomplish;

      1.  Oxidation of  carbonaceous material (aerobic)
      2.  Nitrification of nitrogenons  compounds (aerobic)
      3.  Nitrate reduction to nitrogen gas (anaerobic).

Laboratory testing indicates that removal of 75 per cent of organic carbon,
99 per cent of phenol and cyanide, and  essentially all of the ammonia can be
expected.  The pilot facility will provide the basis for the design of a full-
scale facility.
                   ADORISS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJEC? OFFICGCJ

                               2-25

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet deic>u.fae-4 bfite.&lij a giant unde.fi Seat^oci     6 (b)	,
fe.de.fuit Mate* Pollution Con&iot Act [PL  Z4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 DTQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Combined Steel Mill and  Municipal Wastewaters Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Weirton Steel  Division            Wm. L.  West
  National Steel Corporation         Wheeling  Field Station, EPA
  Box 431                          Hth &  Chapline St.
  Weirton, West  Virginia  26062      Wheeling, West Virginia  26063

Project Site: Weirton, West Virginia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 30, 1969        Project Cost:   $163,963

Completion Date: January 29, 1971  Federal Cost:    $95,918

Summary;

A systems evaluation was made to determine the feasibility and economics of
treating selected steel mill and sanitary wastewaters in a municipal sewage
treatment plant.  The project was  Phase I of  a three-phase program to demonstrate
that industry and municipalities through cooperative action can combine their
wastewaters and  attain their individual  treatment goals in an efficient and
economical manner.

Detailed field work was carried out at the steel plant and the total sewage
plant treatment  system.  Selected steel  plant wastes were combined with municipal
wastes and evaluated in both batch and continuous treatability bench-scale
studies.

The investigation revealed that it is technically and economically feasible to
co-treat selected steel plant wastes with municipal wastewaters.  A demonstration
plant would further develop the specific operating procedures such as sludge
concentration control,  pH control, and rates of waste additions so that the
process scheme could be routinely implemented in similar situations.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-26

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t cte.4cvu.faa4 bni^ty a. giant andai Sec-turn 	6 (b)    ,
Fiddled Watd Pollution Contiol Ac£ (PL Z4-660), cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 EQF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Electromembrane Process for Regenerating Acid from Spent
                  Pickle  Liquor

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Alabama Water Improvement         Edmond Lomasney
    Commission                     Region IV, EPA
  State Office Building             1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
  Montgomery, Alabama 36104        Atlanta, Georgia  30309

Project Site:  Southern Research Institute
              Birmingham, Alabama
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September 9, 1969     Project Cost:  $32,000

Completion Date: November 1, 1970  Federal Cost:  $20,000

Summary;

Studies of an electromembrane process for regenerating acid from spent sulfuric
acid pickle liquor have indicated that the process is technically feasible.
The studies have shown that the iron ions in spent pickle liquor can be removed
and replaced by hydrogen ions to regenerate HoSO/, in electromembrane cells.
A method of removing iron from spent liquor that  involves the formation of
insoluble iron hydroxides is preferable to plating iron metal onto cathodes.

Estimated treatment costs were $0.045 ± 0.002 per gallon, whereas the combined
costs of purchasing acid and disposing of spent liquor by existing methods were
in the range of $0.015 to $0.06 per gallon of spent liquor.

A determination of the long-term performance of the ion exchange membranes when
treating actual pickle liquors that contain organic pickling aids is needed.
                   AOORCSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               2-2?

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/teet rfe-ic/Lcfaei  bnie.£ty a giant anda-i Section
                                                     6 (b)
                                                _
 Fe.dc.fiat (date*. Pottwtion Contact Act (PL Z4-660) , a4~amc.»rfcrf.

 PROJECT NUMBER: 12010 FNM
 TITLE OF PROJECT:
             Recovery of Sulfuric Acid and Ferrous Sulfate From Waste
             Pickle Liquor
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
   The Fitzsimons Steel Co., Inc.
   P.O. Box 1469
   1623 Wilson Ave.
   Youngstown, Ohio  44501

 Project Site:  Youngstown, Ohio
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              James H.  Phillips
                              Region V, EPA
                              1 North Wacker Drive
                              Chicago,  Illinois 60606
 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award  Date:  May 1, 1970          Project Cost:   $143,998.00

 Completion Date: November 30, 1971 Federal Cost:   $39,056.50

. Summary;

 This grant provides for the engineering plans, installation, operation, testing,
 evaluation, and reporting on a full-scale facility for the elimination of
 55,000 gallons  per month of spent sulfuric acid pickle liquor discharge.  A
 vacuum cooling-crystallization system will remove ferrous sulfate and concentrate
 the remaining acid solution for recycle to the pickling tanks.  Processes for
 recycle or treatment of the acid rinse waters and for conversion of ferrous
 sulfate to other more marketable products will be evaluated.  John N. Cernica
 and Associates, Consulting Engineers, will, direct the studies and evaluations
 and prepare reports.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-28

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-6/iee-t de,ictxbei
a QUant undafi Section
                                                   6 (b)
       Wo-fet PotJbvtion Con&iot Act (PL 84-660), at> omewrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12010 GCS

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Destruction of Cyanide Wastes by an Electrochemical Redox
                  Process
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Aerodex, Inc.
  P.O. Box 123 MIAD
  Miami, Florida  33148
Project Site:  Miami, Florida
     EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
        Edmond Lomasney
        Region IV,  EPA
        1421 Peachtree Street, N.E,
        Atlanta, Georgia 30309
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 1, 1971      Project Cost:  $183,841

Completion Date:   July 31,  1973    Federal Cost:   $85,072

Summary;

This project is planned to  culminate in a full-scale (250 gpm) demonstration
facility for the  electrochemical destruction of cyanide in wastes from
electroplating operations.   Phase I provides for optimization of parameters
in a 600-gallon batch system.  Phase II will consist of the design of a
continuous system based on  the data and conclusions from Phase I.  Phase III
will consist of construction, operation, testing, evaluation, and reporting
on the effectiveness and economics of the continuous flow demonstration facility.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                               2-29

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/iee.t de^ctx-bes biizfaly a. giant undtn Section 	6 (b)    ,
fe.ddn.OLl (tidten Pollution Control Ac* (PL 84-660), 06 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 GW

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Recovery of  Chromic Acid and Nickel From Plating Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Michigan Plating & Stamping Co.    Dr. Hugh B. Durham
  740 Ann Avenue, N.W.              Industrial Waste Research Program
  Grand Rapids, Michigan  49502     Environmental Protection Agency
                                   Grosse lie, Michigan 48138

Project Site: Grand Rapids, Michigan

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 1, 1971        Project Cost:   $1,038,198

Completion Date: November 30, 1972 Federal Cost:    $170,061

Summary;

This bumper plating plant is installing integrated waste treatment systems
to treat nickel and chromium plating bath dragout.  This grant provides for
the installation, operation, testing, evaluation,  and reporting  on the heavy
metals recovery and water reuse systems to be installed.  The electrolytic
nickel recovery system is expected to recover 250  pounds of nickel per day
from the integrated treatment system sludges and plating bath purification
system carbons.  The chromate system is expected to recover 350  pounds of
chromic acid per day by the continuous flow of  concentrated rinse waters
from a save-rinse tank through  an induced draft evaporative tower.  Chromium
dragout from the save-rinse tank will be reduced and precipitated in the
integrated chrome treatment system.  This combination system allows appreciable
acid recovery, sufficient acid dragout to maintain plating bath  purity,
and a very low chromium concentration in the plant effluent.  The evaporative
tower will also receive, concentrate, and recover  acid from the  chrome-
plating line fume scrubbing system waters.  The installation is  expected to
demonstrate the capability of the tower to simultaneously serve  as a fume
scrubber and as an acid concentrating and recovering system.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EM PROJECT OFFICER

                               2-30

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
'RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U -4/iee.t deic/tcbw bfu^faty a. giant andc.fi Se.ctx.on      6  (b)     ,
Fe.dc.ftat Waft?*. Poltu£ion Control hct (PL  S4-660],  a*  amecirferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 GUG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Electrolytic Treatment of Job Shop Metal Finishing
                  Wastewaters

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  New England Plating Co., Inc.      John  Ciancia, Chief
  31 Garden Street                  Industrial. Waste Technology  Branch
  Worcester, Massachusetts 01605     Edison Water Research Division
                                   Edison, New  Jersey 0881?

Project Site: Worcester, Massachusetts

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1, 1971          Project Cost;   $392,252

Completion Date: December  31, 1972 Federal Cost:   $119,424

Summary;

The New England Plating Company is installing three  new type graphite bed
electrolytic cells to treat 30 gpm of cyanide-bearing rinse waters and four
cells to treat 40 gpm of chromate bearing rinse waters.  The cells will also
be used for batch treatment of concentrated wastes from spent plating bath
dumps.  Back-up chemical treatment systems will assure complete waste treat-
ment.  This will permit direct comparison of treatment costs between the electrolytic
and the chemical methods.   These cells,  which utilize novel semi-conductive beds
to maintain current flow in dilute solutions, are expected to reduce or
eliminate chemical waste treatment costs.  Secondary uses of untreated waters
and reuse of treated waters are expected to reduce waste volumes by 50 per cent.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                2-31

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/tee.t
                   btu,e.&ly a. gfiant unties Section   6(b)
fe.ddn.aJt Wate.fi Pollution Control Ac* (PL &4-660),  oi  omeucfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 HOW

TITLE OF PROJECT: "Treatment of Coke Plant Waste liquor"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Alan Wood Steel Company
Conshohocken, Pa.  19428
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

                             Dr. Hugh B.  Durham
                             Industrial Waste Research Program
                             Environmental Protection Agency
                             Grosse lie,  Michigan  48138
Project Site:  Conshohocken,  Pa.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: December 15, 1971     Project Cost: $2,105,050

Completion Date:  September 15,  l973Federal Cost: $  352,652

Summary:
This project will demonstrate,  in a full-scale (180,000 gpd) system, complete
treatment of by-product coke  plant wastes.  The treatment consists of steam
stripping of ammonia and phenol, multi-stage flash evaporation,  and polishing the
condensed effluent with activated carbon.  The treated effluent  will be a high
quality water which can be used for boiler feedwater or cooling  water make-up.
An incinerator will receive all the vapors and the final concentrate from the
evaporator system, producing  a  scrubbed gas suitable for discharge to the
atmosphere and an ash to be disposed of by landfill.
                  AODMKS INOUIRKS TO IPA PROJICI OfFICIi

                                2-32

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET £CLEA]
                                                          ftTE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-iA  4/icet cfeic^cbe-i bni.e.&ty a Qficint unde.i Sec.turn  5 Research    ,
fe.dc.noJL Watet Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660],  a4~amenderf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12010 HQJ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Membrane Processes for Treating Metal Finishing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
American ELectroplaters1
 Inc.
56 Melmore Gardens
East Orange, New Jersey
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                       Society   John Ciancia , Chief
                                 Industrial Waste Technology Branch
                                 Edison Water Research  Division,  EPA
                                 Edison, New Jersey 0881?
                       07017

Project Site: Cambridge, Massachusetts

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:October 15,  1971       Project Cost: $120,406

Completion Date: January 15, 1973  Federal Cost: $114,386

Summary:

   Reverse osmosis and  ultrafiltration are new approaches that show promise
   as attractive alternatives to existing methods for treating metal finishing
   wastes.  The overall objective of this project is to develop and then
   demonstrate a reverse osmosis/ultrafiltratiori system on a pilot plant scale
   in a metal finishing plant.  The study will evaluate the technical feasibility
   and economics of the new process for treating rinse water from a metal
   finishing operation  by recovery of the chemicals in a concentrated solution
   for return to the bath while simultaneously piurifying the water for reuse
   in rinsing.  Where necessary, the investigation will also include the
   removal of impurity  build-up in the concentrated solution returned to the
   bath.

   The development phase of the project will involve testing commercially
   available membranes  and equipment configurations in modular pilot plant
   facilities using various types of rinse waters.  On the basis of this
   investigation, a system will be selected for treating a specific type
   of rinse water and will be demonstrated on a pilot plant scale in a commercial
   shop.
                  ADORtSS INQUIRIfS TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                  2-33

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC Y
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
          deicAx.be^ bui^ty a. giant unde.fi Suction   5 Research
       Wciten Pollution Control Act (PL  &4-660),   amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  R-800625

TITLE OF PROJECT:
Water Pollution Control Practices in the Carbon and
Alloy Steel industries
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:

Attorney General of Illinois
160 N. LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60601

Project Site:  Pittsburgh,  PA

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1, 1972

Completion Date:   NOV. 30,  1972

Summary:
              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

                Dr. Hugh Durham
               Industrial Waste Research Program
               Environmental Protection Agency
                Grosse He,  Michigan 48138
             Project Cost:  $45,000

             Federal Cost:  $42,750
The objectives of  this project are to refine, complete and extend the data
and coverage developed by C. W. Rice Division of NUS Corporation under contract
68-01-0006 and contained in the report entitled "Industrial Profile Study on
Blast Furnace and  Basic Steel Products" and to prepare a similar report on
the alloy steel industry.

The Attorney General of Illinois proposes to engage Datagraphics, Inc. (5100
Centre Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15232) to carry out this project.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                  2-34

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC Y
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U  4/iee-t
                           a. giant undo.fi Seatuw
                                                       _
fe.de.tiat Waten Pollution Control Ac^C (PL &4-660] ,  OA omewrfcd.

PROJECT NUMBER:  S801349

TITLE OF PROJECT: The Reclamation fo Sulfuric Acid from Waste Streams
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 The New Jersey Zinc Co.
 Palmerton,  Pa. 18071
Project Site: Palmerton, Pa.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:

Completion Date:

Summary:
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                   Dr. Herbert S.  Skovronek } Chief
                                   Industrial Waste Technology Branch
                                   Edison Water Quality Research Division
                                   Edison, New Jersey  08817
                                Project Cost: $262,032

                                Federal Cost:: $135,843
 The New Jersey  Zinc Company will carry out  a pilot plant  study of a new
 approach to the recovery of sulfuric acid from the waste  acid stream
 (20% l^SO^) generated during  production of  titanium dioxide pigment by
 the sulfate process.  Specifically, the study will evaluate total
 evaporation of  the waste acid stream and subsequent reconcentration, in
 two stages, of  the clean acid back to the 90-95% concentration necessary
 for reuse in the digestion process.  Simplified isolation of the dissolved
 sulfate salts by vapor-solid  rather than liquid-solid separation will
 be an added advantage of the  total evaporation approach.

     The technical and economic applicability of the total evaporation
 approach to spent pickle liquor from steel  mills will also be evaluated.

     Based on results of the  pilot plant study, a full scale plant will
 be designed and an economic evaluation carried out for treatment of waste
 acid from the sulfate process.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              2-35

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          PPB 12020
CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

-------
                                  PPB 12020

                        CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
The basic objective of the wastewater treatment research program with respect
to the chemicals and allied products industry is to establish the technology
for new or improved pollution control methods, having industry-wide application,
Which will allow all necessary degrees of water pollution control to be attained.
The significant wastewater sources in the chemicals and applied products field
are shown in the following table, which is organized according to the Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) System and which is based on data taken from
the 1967 Census of Manufacturers - Water Use in Manufacturing, a Bureau of the
Census publication.
                                                           WASTEWATER VOLUME
    SIC CLASS       DESCRIPTION                          DISCHARGE (10Vgal/yr)

      2818          Industrial Organic Chemicals,n.e.c.         2,033
      282           Plastics  Materials and Synthetics
      2819          Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, n.e.c.
      2812          Alkalies and Chlorine
      289           Miscellaneous Chemical Products
      2815          Cyclic Intermediates and Crudes
      28?           Agricultural Chemicals
      283           Drugs
      284           Soap, Cleaners, and Toilet Goods
      2861          Gum and Wood Chemicals
      2851          Paints and Allied Products
      28            Total - Chemical and Allied Products        4,175

The chemical and allied products industry produces large numbers of different
products and mixtures thereof.  Identical products are, in many instances, made
by any one of several different manufacturing processes.  Also the manufacture
of certain basic chemicals by non-chemically classified standard industries
further compounds the problem of a clear definition of the sub-industrial classi-
fication within the industry.  These dimensions of complexity do not make it
readily feasible to characterize all the manufacturing establishments solely
by the specific products produced or solely by the manufacturing process in use.
Accordingly, the sub-industries may either be classified on the basis of a
pollution problem based on the pollution problem of the major controlling pollutant
in the effluent, on the general type of manufacturing operation, or by the class(es)
of product(s) produced.

The difficulty of defining the sub-industries by the SIC code numbers has led
to acceptance of an arbitrary division of the industry into primarily two major
sections:  organic chemicals and inorganic chemicals.  In this method of classi-
fication, a sub-industry, as defined by the SIC code, may be considered as in
either the organic or inorganic product classification depending on the specifics
of the plant in question.


                                   3-1

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 The Organic Chemicals Industry

 The organic chemicals industry is not readily definable in terms of the SIC
 numbers.  Present classifications, based upon 196? revisions, include: SIC
 2815  [cyclic intermediates, dyes, organic pigments (lakes and toners), and
 cyclic  (coal tar) crudes], SIC 2818  (organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified);
 portions of SIC 2813 (industrial gases); portions of SIC 2879 (agricultural chemi-
 cals, not elsewhere classified); and portions of SIC 2871 (fertilizers).  On the
 basis of the older SIC numbers the industry included portions of SIC 2811
 (fertilizers) and included SIC 2814  [cyclic (coal tar) crudes].  Organic gases
 are only included from SIC 2813 and ammonia and urea only from the fertilizer
 industry (SIC 2879 and 2871, or the revised SIC 2811).

 The important products of the industry are miscellaneous cyclic and acyclic
 organic chemicals and chemical products, flavor and perfume materials, rubber-
 processing chemicals, plasticizers, pesticides, and other synthetic organic  •
 chemicals.  The industry ordinarily includes production of monomers, but does
 not include production of polymers or plastics and synthetic fibers.  Of total
 shipments in 1967, 75 percent were miscellaneous acyclic chemicals, a large
 number of which are generally designated as petrochemicals.  The expansion of the
 petroleum industry into chemical production is of particular significance.

 Total sales in the organic chemicals industry was estimated to be $11.0 billion
 in 1969 and is projected to be $14.3 billion in 1973.  Production was estimated
 at 120.7 billion pounds in 1969 and will increase to 156.0 billion pounds in .
 1973.  Growth in the industry is not expected to be uniform either among the
 various segments of the industry or among the various geographical areas in which
 the industry operates.

 Organic chemicals industry pollutants originate from the incomplete removal of
 principal products or raw materials from reactions, in the production of non-
 recoverable or useless by-products, from equipment cleaning operations, and
 from such water uses as cooling and steam production.  Wastewater generation in •
 the industry per unit of product varies so widely that an average value has
 little meaning except in a statistical sense;  wastewater generation varies from
 less than 100 gallons per ton of product to more than 100,000 gallons per ton of
 product.  The principal contaminants in the industry's wastewaters are BOD,
 COD, oil, suspended solids, acidity, heavy metals, color, taste and odor-
 producing compounds, and residual organic products and by-products.

 The production of organic chemicals results in many types of contaminated
wastewaters, and the treatment methods employed cover the range of known
 practical techniques.  In-plant control is the first step in instituting treatment
 practices.   Such controls include the salvage of unreacted chemicals, recovery of
 by-products, multiple reuse of water, good housekeeping techniques to reduce
 leaks and spills, and changes in processing methods.   These controls can result
 in reducing the concentrations of almost all potential pollutants and can,
most importantly, reduce the volumes of wastewaters requiring treatment.  Physical
 treatment methods such as sedimentation or flotation are used primarily to remove
 coarse suspended matter and floating oils and scums.   Filtration is used as a
 form of tertiary treatment for reuse or as a pretreatment for deep-well injection.
Chemical treatment is used primarily as a pretreatment prior to sedimentation,
 filtration, or biological treatment.  Biological treatment is most widely used in
the industry due to the nature of the wastes,  that is, their general susceptibility
to biodegradation as evidenced by relatively high BOD values.

                                  3-2

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•Wastewaters from organic chemicals processing consist of contaminated and of
relatively clean effluent  streams.  In general, the contaminated wastewaters
are those which are used in direct contact with products or by-products in
Teactions, separation processes, vessel cleanouts, etc.  The cleaner wastewaters
are those used for indirect heat exchange, general washing, etc.

The sources of contaminated wastewaters from petrochemical operations are three-
fold.  First, wastes containing a principal raw material or product arise during
the stripping of the product from a solution.  Incomplete removal is a fundamental
requirement of any equilibrium process.  However, use of more expensive or
additional separation equipment may result in reduction of effluents.  By-products
produced during reactions  constitute a second source of wastewaters.  Many petro-
chemical reactions take place under extreme conditions where the vagaries of
organic chemistry result in the production of chemicals other than those specifi-
cally desiredo  Often markets cannot be found for these chemicals or they cannot
be reasonably recovered and are discarded to the waste stream.  New production
methods are directed toward increases in yields and reductions in by-productsj
accordingly new technology often results in a decrease in this source of waste.
Spills, slab washdowns, and vessel cleanouts comprise a third category of effluents
and these are generally not controllable by means of process modifications.
Changes in catalyst concentrations and increases in yields, however, reduce the
amount of pollutants from  this source and result in some changes in the character
of the wasteo

Joint industrial-municipal treatment has proved to be very effective in treating
organic chemical wastewaters, particularly for smaller chemical plants located
near large municipal treatment systems.  Treatment costs play an important role
in governing the expansion of joint treatment participation.  Rates established
by municipalities vary extremely.  Where the municipal system is small and
additional contributors would overload the treatment plant, the high rates are
imposed to discourage industrial contributors.

The industry has generally found that in-plant, separate treatment has economic
advantages, particularly when significant quantities of contaminated waste-
water are involved.  No significant percentage increase is expected in the amount
of organic chemical wastewaters that will be treated in joint systems in the
near future.  On the basis of an annual production of about 117.2 billion pounds
by the organic chemicals industry in 1968, municipal discharges might be expected
to be about 830 gallons per ton of production for the industry as a whole,

The Inorganic Chemicals Industry

The inorganic chemicals industry is also not easily definable in terms of the
SIC numbers.  However, for the interim it is necessary to define the industry
as followss

      2812 - Alkalies and  chlorine
      2813 - Industrial gases (except for organic gases)
      2816 - Inorganic pigments
      2819 - Industrial inorganic chemicals, n,e,cc
      2851 - Paints and allied products
      28?1 - Fertilizers (not including ammonia and urea)
      2879 - Inorganic insecticides and herbicides
      2892 - Explosives


                                 3-3

-------
 The most  important  of the  groups  in  terms  of  product value may be noted as
 2819,  2812,  and  2871.  However, it is not  sufficient:to ignore such groups
 as 2813 which includes the important production  of nitrogen and oxygen, 2851
 which  includes the  vital surface  coatings  industry, or 2816 which involves inorganic-
 pigments  such as titanium  oxide.  The surface coatings industry is typical of the
 relationship which  exists  between segments of the inorganic industry and the organic
 chemical  industry.   The solvents  and film  formers which are utilized'within the
 inorganic chemical  industry for the  production of surface coatings are important
 products  of  the  organic chemical  industry  while  inorganic pigments, primarily
 oxides and salts of titanium,'iron and other  metals, are products which fall into
 the inorganic industry .category.  The total product is generally defined as
 being  part of the inorganic industry.  However, .it is obvious that the complex
 relationships which exist  between various  products and'industries (necessary to
 the smooth functioning of  our technological state) make it extremely difficult,
 if not impossible,  to arbitrarily associate certain-products with one SIC category.

 The overall  output  of industrial  inorganic chemicals, since they''are utilized
 in a wide range  of  industries and for a wide-  variety of purposes usually well
 removed from the final consumer,  depends upon the level of total economic activity
 rather than  the  economic activity in any specific segment of the economy.

 Changes in consumer preferences or redistribution of income and spending, such
 as changes in tax levels or defense  spending, may affect product mixes, but do
 not significantly affect total industry output.  In general, price competition
 and product  substitution are not  as  significant  in the inorganic chemical industry
 as in  the organic chemical sector.   However,  changes although slow to come tend
 to be  quite  profound.

 Supplies  of  raw  materials  frequently vary  and, in the case of certain materials,
 the industry may face serious shortages until new raw material sources (usually
 ores or brines)  are developed.  The  widely fluctuating price of sulfur over the
 past ten  years is a classic case  resulting from  supply fluctuations which can
 be matched by mercury, potash and silver,  among  others.  Since new sources of
 minerals  are found  infrequently and  usually involve relatively large expenditures
 to develop,  wide fluctuations in  the gap between demand and readily available
 supply are quite common in the inorganic chemical industry.

 Industrial chemical industries are generally  capital intensive operations
 (with  a few  exceptions such as the paint manufacturing industry) and are char-
 acterized by high productivity ($75,000 annual output per production worker),
 high wages,  a low labor turnover, and a continuing demand for skilled labor.
 Most of the  plants  operate continuous and  must operate at 75 to 85 percent of
 capacity  to  maintain adequate levels of efficiency and profitability.  Smaller
 plants generally operate batch processes and, hence, tend to produce low-volume,
 high-cost, specialized chemicals.

 Regional  growth  rates reflect a continuing trend to move production facilities
 closer to  raw materials and markets.  The  industry, as a whole, is thus tending
 to concentrate in the Midwest and Southwest.

 Wastewater from  inorganic  chemical processing consists both of contaminated and
 relatively clean effluent  streams.   In general,  the contaminated wastewaters are
 those  taken  from processes while  the cleaner wastewaters are those used for
 indirect  heat exchange, general washing, etc.  Clean waters  are basically un-
contaminated and can be discharged untreated.   Cooling water and  steam condensates
are the primary sources of such water.
                                  3-4

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-Contaminated wastewater  from the  inorganic  chemical  industry arises primarily
 from electrolysis  and  crystallization  brines, washings  from  filter cakes,  spent
 acid and  alkalies,  and washings from raw materials.   These wastewaters are generally
-characterized  by dissolved solids and  suspended solids.   In  addition to contam-
 inated waste streams,  process cooling  discharges occur, accounting for 40 to 80
 per  cent  of  the  total  discharge on the average.   Treatment practices vary but
 involve in-plant segregation of contaminated wastes  from  uncontaminated cooling
 waters.

 Many waste treatment methods, are  available  depending on the  degree of treatment
 required, however,  equalization,  neutralization,  sedimentation  and lagooning
 processes are  most widely used.   Biological treatment is  not applicable since
 the  contaminants are primarily dissolved or suspended inorganic materials. Plants
 with small discharges  tend to employ only equalization  and neutralization with
 total discharge  to municipal sewer systems  for  joint treatment.   It is estimated
 that between 10  and 20 percent of the  process wastewater  discharge from the
 industry  is  to municipal systems  (7.9  per cent  of the total  discharge).  No
 significant  percentage changes in this regard are expected through 1974.  The
 inorganic chemical industry has generally found that in-plant,  separate treatment
 has  economic advantages,  particularly  when  significant  quantities of wastewater
 are  involved.
                                   3-5

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                            PROJECT INDEX

              PPB 12020 - CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS


                                                      Project
12020      Grantee or Contractor                      Status*     Page

DMT        Engineering Science, Inc.                     A        3-15

EXG        Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc.      C        3-l6

EMI        State of Louisiana                            C        3-17

FPD        Battelle-Northwest                            A     '   3-l8

FYE        University of Texas                           B        3-19

GLN        University of California                      C        3-20

14-12-435  C.W. Rice and Company                         A        3-21



DIS        Union Carbide Corporation                     B        3-22

EGM        Farmers Chemical Association, Inc.            B        3-23

DQC        State of Louisiana                            A        3-24

EEQ        The Dow Chemical Company                      A        3-25

EJI        Datagraphics, Incorporated                    A        3-26

EAS        The Dow Chemical Company                      C        3-27

BID        Engineering Science, Inc.                     A        3-28

EAW        E.I. duPont de Nemours and Company            B        3-29

EFW        Armour Industrial Chemical Company            C        3-30

EGG        State of Alabama                              C        3-31

ERM        Mineral Pigments Corporation                  C        3-32

FER        Union Carbide Corporation                     C        3-33

FOH        Geigy Chemical Corporation                    C        3-34

GND        Datagraphics, Incorporated                    A        3-35
                                  3-7

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12020     Grantee or Contractor
GLF       State of Florida
Project
Status*
Page

3-36
EPH       Celanese Corporation of America

800766    Dow Chemical Corporation

800300    Dow Chemical Corporation

800947    Texas A&M University

801030    University of California - Berkeley

800554    University'of Missouri - Columbia.

800857    Illinois Institute of Technology

801200    R. Lenz and W. L.  Short

800602    Southern Research  Institute
   B

   C

   C

   C

   C

   C

   C

   C

   C
3-3T

3-38

3-39

3-^0

3-M

3-^2

3-^3

3-kk
                                     *Project  Status:
                                       A  -  Completed,  Final Report Available
                                       B  -  Final  Report  In Preparation
                                       C  -  Work Continuing
                                       D  -  Project  Terminated
                                3-8

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Report Number

12020 — 02/70



12020 DQC 03/71
         FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

PPB 12020 - CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
       Title/Author
12020 BID 03/71
12020 EJI 07/71
12020 GND 07/71
12020 FPD 09/71
12020 EEQ 10/71
       Petrochemical Effluents Treatment
       Practices-Summary, Engineering-
       Science, Inc./Texas, Austin, Texas.
Source

NTIS
PB 192 310
       Polymeric Materials for Treatment and   GPO - $0.70
       Recovery of Petrochemical Wastes, Gulf
       South Research Institute, New Orleans,
       Louisiana.

       Preliminary Investigational Require-    GPO - $1.50
       ments-Petrochemical and Refinery Waste
       Treatment, Engineering-Science, Inc./
       Texas, Austin, Texas.
       Inorganic Chemicals Industry Profile,
       Datagraphics,  Inc., Pittsburgh,
       Pennsylvania.

       Projected Wastewater Treatment Costs
       in the Organic Chemicals Industry,
       Datagraphics,  Inc., Pittsburg,
       Pennsylvania.

       Inorganic Fertilizer and Phosphate
       Mining Industries - Water Pollution and
       Control;  by Battelle Memorial Institute,
       Richland, Washington

       Treatment of Waste Water from the
       Production of Polyhydric Organics,
       Dow Chemical Company, Texas Division,
       Freeport, Texas
GPO - $1.75
GPO - $1.50
GPO - $1.75
GPO - $1.75
                                      3-9

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LOCATION OF MAJOR INORGA-x   CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

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                                    LOCATION OF MAJOR OHGAi^  JHEMECAL INDUSTRIES
VjJ
H

-------
LOCATION OF MAJOR Ft.   .
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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t deic^tfae-i buit^tg a. giant ande.fi Suction   5 Contract  ,
Fe.dc.fLdi Wcitei Pollution Control Ac-t (PL  S4-66C),  at>  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 DMT

TITLE OF PROJECT:  The Characteristics and Pollutional  Problems Associated with
                  Petrochemical Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Engineering Science, Inc.          James Horn
  150 East Foothill Blvd.            R.S. Kerr Water Research Center,  EPA
  Arcadia, California  19006         P.O. Box 1198
                                   Ada, Oklahoma  74820

Project Site:  Austin, Texas

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   September 25,  1968    Project Cost:   $11,190

Completion Date: April 15,  1969    Federal Cost:   $11,190

Summary;

The general scope of the project, as developed under the plan of operation,
includes a detailed development of the following:

    1.  History and projection of the petrochemical  industry.
    2.  Definition, magnitude, and pollutants associated with these  waste treat-
        ment problems.
    3.  Evaluation of control, treatment and disposal practices.
    4.  Listing of the special legal problems involved  with petrochemical waste
        management.
    5.  Determination of the economic feasibility of present and future  control
        methods, reflecting downstream uses.
    6.  Evaluation of research needs.

The objectives of this proposed project  were achieved through a well coordinated
plan of operation.  A complete literature review was conducted using the numerous
volumes available in the numerous libraires located  on  the University  of Texas
campus.  Additional information was obtained from various governmental agencies
and selected industries.  Additional data derived from  the unpublished
Environmental Health Engineering Reports was also utilized.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-15

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tcet deic/u.be.4  brti.e.£ly a. giant unde.fi Sect-tern    5 Research
Fzd
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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U  4/iee-t (feic/u.fc>e,5  buLi^tij a. gtuwt andc.fi Sccfx'.on  5 Demonstration
fe.dc.iat. Wdtai Pollution Confriot Ac^  (PI. &4-660) , a
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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                            a giant unde-t. Section    5 Research
Tki& 4/iee.t de5cA.cbe5                             ____^^
fe.dc.fidl ft/otaA Pollution Con&iol kct [PL S4-660), 04 omeiarfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 FPD
TITLE OF PROJECT:
                  Water Pollution and Its Control in the Inorganic Fertilizer
                  and Phosphate Mining Industries
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Battelle-Northwest
  P.O. Box 999
  Richland, Washington
                                 EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                    Thomas Sargent
                                    Southeast Water Laboratory,  EPA
                                    College Station Road
                                    Athens, Georgia  30601
Project Site:   Richlandj Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1?, 1970      Project Cost:   $24,750

Completion Date: September 1,  1971 Federal Cost:   $23,500

Summary;
                           a
A state-of-the-art survey was  made of the water pollution problems which result
from the production of inorganic fertilizers and phosphate rock.  Information
required to complete the study was obtained through an extensive  literature
search, questionnaires sent to the major fertilizer producers,  and visits to
selected production plants. Ninety-eight plants representing 33  different
companies were surveyed.  Production figures since 1940 and estimates of production
through 1980 were accumulated  for phosphate rock and the major  fertilizer products.
The specific production operations which are the principal generators of contaminated
wastewaters were identified, and the wastewater volumes and compositions for
each operation were determined wherever possible.  The capability of current
technology to treat and control the contaminated wastewaters generated by the
fertilizer industry was evaluated.  Problem areas  where additional research and
development effort is needed to provide adequate control of wastewater discharge
were identified.  In most cases the fertilizer  and phosphate rock industries are
meeting current water quality  standards.  Disposal by dilution  is widely practiced
by both industries.  As water  quality standards become more restrictive new treat-
ment methods will have to be developed.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIIS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-18

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET £CLEA]
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     A/ieet rteic/'Ltfa&i blitfaty a. gfidnt ucide-i 5e.ctc'.on   5 Research  ,
 fd.dc.fidl Wdtcn Pollution Con&iol Ac* (PL  &4-660), a.4 'amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 FIE

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Characteristics and Pollutional Problems of Pesticide
                  Manufacturing Wastes

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Civil Engineering    Thomas Sargent
  University of Texas              Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
  Austin, Texas                   College Station Road
                                 Athens, Georgia 30601

 Project Site:  Austin, Texas

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  June 30, 1970        Project Cost:   $26,183

 Completion Date: December 31, 1971 Federal Cost:   $24,143

. Summary;

 In this project a state-of-the-art study and survey will be conducted on practices
 and research needs pertaining to wastewater treatment and pollution control
 technology related to pesticide-herbicide manufacturing industry.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                             3-19

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet cfe,i(Vu.b&i
                           a giant u.ndz-1 Section    5 Research
        Mate*. Pollution Control Act (PL £4-660),  OA cmcndad.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 GLN
TITLE OF PROJECT:
             Extration of  Chemical Pollutants from Aqueous Industrial
             Streams with  Volatile Solvents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  University of  California
  Berkeley, California
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              James Horn
                              R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
                              P.O. Box 1198
                              Ada, Oklahoma  74820
Project Site:   Berkeley, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 21,  1970    Project Cost:   $37,973

Completion Date: December 20, 1971 Federal Cost:   $35,647

Summary;

This project  will obtain necessary physico-chemical and engineering data
for designing a full-scale plant for removing organic solutes from aqueous,
industrial waste streams as found in petroleum-refining and petrochemical
plants.   Toward that end experimental studies will be made of pertinent physical
properties and a mini-plant demonstration unit will be constructed and operated.

Removal of solutes from water is achieved by extraction.  The extraction
solvent is a  volatile fluid whose ability to dissolve solutes is sensitive
to small changes in temperature and pressure.  As a result of this sensitivity
regeneration  of solvent is easily achieved.

The demonstration unit will operate with actual wastewaters obtained from
petroleum refineries and petrochemical plants.  Operating data will be used
for scale-up  and for preparing cost estimates for a full-scale plant.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO I PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-20

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.it> A/iee-t de.5cAxfae5 bfu.e.fiiy a giant unde.fi Section    6 Contract  >
Fe.dc.fiai Watex. PoiiwUon Conttioi Act (PL  S4-660] ,  cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  14-12-435    (PPB 12020)

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Cost-Effectiveness of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Practices


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  C.W. Rice and  Company              George Rey
  15 Noble Avenue                    Industrial Pollution  Control Branch
  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  15205    Water Quality Research , EPA
                                    Washington ,  D.C.   20242

Project Site: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 28, 1968         Project Cost:   $56,250

Completion Date:  October 28, 1968 Federal Cost:   $56,250

Summary;

The final report to this project presents an estimate  of the costs that would
be incurred by the organic chemicals industry in  attaining various levels of
pollution abatement over a five-year period and gives  a  generalized methodology
by which similar continuing estimates can be made for  other water-using industries.
Cost estimates have been based upon published data, general data derived from
information in the files of the contractors on industrial waste treatment methods
and costs, and specific data from 53 organic chemicals plants; the latter
specific data were used to verify the applicability and  accuracy of the former
and also to develop and test the generalized methodology.

It should be emphasized that the total costs given in  this report are for the
construction and operation of waste treatment facilities for the industry as a
whole and cannot be used to determine costs for individual plants.  Organic chemicals
plants vary greatly in size, level of technology, product mix, etc., and a
"typical" or "average" plant exists only in a statistical sense.  The costs
given are, in general, for waste treatment facilities  only, i.e., for "battery
limit" industrial waste treatment plants.  The costs entailed in process changes,
disruption of plant operations, sewer segregation, monitoring and reporting waste
treatment efficiency, etc., particularly in older plants, are not included.
Such costs are practically impossible to estimate in the aggregate and may add
40 per cent or more to the installed costs of facilities.  Total costs for
particular plants can only be estimated by detailed engineering studies; the
unit costs in the final report should be of value to engineers in making such
estimates.

                   AODRISS INQUIRKS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICIR
                                3-21

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      4/ieet rieic/Lcbes btii&&ty a giant andc.fi Sccturw 	6 (b)
 Fe.dc.iat Mate*. Poltution Con&iot Ac£ (PL &4-660), tu>~cm<>tide.d'.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 DIS

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Anaerobic Treatment  of Synthetic Organic Wastes


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Union Carbide Corp.               James Horn
   R&D Department                   R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
   Bound Brook, New Jersey  08805     P.O. Box 1198
                                   Ada, Oklahoma 74820

 Project Site:  South Charleston, West Virginia

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  December 11, 1968     Project Cost:  $314,859

 Completion Date:  June 30, 1971   Federal Cost:  $220,400

. Summary,;

 The objective of this project is to determine the technical and economic
 feasibility of an anaerobic-aerobic process for the treatment of composit organic
 chemical wastes from a complete petrochemical complex.  Optimum results will
 be demonstrated on a 5000-gpd scale treatment facility to obtain design data and
 establish operating criteria for larger  scale installations.  The demonstration
 will  be conducted subject to a technical and economic feasibility study based
 on laboratory-scale research studies. The project will be for a two-year period
 and will be initiated at the Union Carbide Technical Center at South Charleston,
 West  Virginia.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IP* PROJICT OFFICER

                                3-22

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INFORMATION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/t£&.t d&ic>u.be4 bnitfaty a giant undo.n Section      6 (b)
fe.dc.-iai (Oaten. Pollution Contact Ac^ (PL &4-660),  a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 EGM

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Removal of Nitrogenous Compounds from a Fertilizer Plant
                 Effluent Using Modified Operation of Conventional  Waste
                 Treatment Systems
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Farmers Chemical Association, Inc. Edmond Lomasney
  Box 8?
  Harrison, Tennessee
Project Site:   Tyner, Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF  PROJECT

Award Date: April 15, 1969

Completion Date: April 14, 1972

Summary;
  Region IV, EPA
  1421 Peachtree Street - N.E.
  Atlanta, Georgia  30309
Project Cost:   $220,300

Federal Cost:   $154,210
This project involves the full-scale development and demonstration of the
treatment of nitrogenous fertilizer effluents using stripping or oxidation
pretreatment techniques.  Bio-nitrification in a conventional trickling-
filter sewage treatment plant, as modified for the purpose of providing an
optimized removal of nitrogenous materials in the waste, will follow the
pretreatment.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              3-23

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

TkiA 4/tee-t deic/tcbe,4 biA.e.&iy a. giant undc.fi Se.cti.OYi 	6 (b)	,
fe.dc.ial (jJatei Pollution Control Ac^ (PL 84-660), OA amende.d.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 DQC

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Polymeric Materials for Treatment and Recovery  of Petro-
                  chemical Washes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Department of  Commerce and        James Horn
   Industry                        R.S.  Kerr  Water Research Center, EPA
  State of Louisiana                P.O.  Box 1198
                                   Ada,  Oklahoma  74820

Project Site:  Gulf South Research Institute
              Baton Rouge,  Louisiana
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 16, 1969        Project Cost:  $68,992

Completion Date:  October 16, 1970 Federal Cost:  $48,295

Summary;

Reverse osmosis has been used as a unit operation to study the recovery of
products from industrial waste streams. Precursory examination of several
industrial wastes was performed in this project.

The recovery of glycerin from a petrochemical waste stream containing inorganics
and polyglycerins has been  studied in detail  with the results applied to the
design of an effective process scale unit. Membranes employed were asymmetric
cellulose acetate butyrate  and cellulose acetate.  The pilot-scale experimental
studies were performed with tubular membrane  modules which readily accommodated
the sample plant stream being studied.

Good separation was achieved operating between  600 and 800 psig for best
selectivity.  The product throughput rate  appeared the limiting consideration
and proved sensitive to increased turbulence  and reduced feed vicosities,
the latter achieved by dilution.

The pilot-unit data were used to design a  countercurrent multi-stage battery
to achieve even closer separations.  It is shown that sufficient glycerin could
be recovered to provide an  attractive return  on the required  investment.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               3-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,Lt>  Ahc.
-------
IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

     4/ieet rfeiUiibu bru.e.fily a gtwnt undc.fi Seatum    6 Contract
        Wdten Pollution Con&iol Ac^ (PL &4-660),  cu
PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 EJI

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Inorganic Chemical Industry Profile Profile


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA  PROJECT OFFICER:
  Datagraphics, Incorporated        George Rey
  4790 William Flynn Highway        Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  Allison Park, Pennsylvania        Water Quality Research, EPA
                                  Washington, B.C.  20242

Project Site:  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 27, 1969        Project Cost:  $55,327

Completion Date: January 27, 1970  Federal Cost:  $55,327

Summary;

The final report to this project presents a description of  the inorganic chemical
industry and the costs that  the industry would incur in attaining various levels
of pollution abatement over  the five-year period through 1974-  For the study
purposes, the inorganic chemical industry has been defined  as including
establishments producing alkalies and chlorine,  industrial gases, inorganic
pigments, paints and allied  products,  fertilizers (excluding ammonia and urea),
inorganic insecticides and herbicides,  explosives, and other major industrial
inorganic chemicals.   The  report presents in considerable detail the description
of the various production  processes, the waste treatment methods practiced, and
the possible impact that changes in processes might have on the volume and character
of the wastes produced.

Projections have been based  upon the chemical industry data in the 1963 and 1967
Census of Manufacturers, the 1967 Manufacturing Chemists Association survey, and
the 1968 FWPCA study of the  organic chemicals industry.   Costs of treatment are
estimated by year for the  levels of treatment corresponding to 27 per cent and
100 per cent removal of contaminants.   Data from 59 inorganic chemical plants
were obtained as primary input to the  study.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJICT OFFICIR

                               3-26

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tce.t de-icAtbei bfiia^iy a giant andc.1 Section      6 (b)
fe.dc.iai Mate*. Pottution Con&tol Act (PL  &4-660),  df> omciiricrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12020 EAS
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Demonstration of the Recondition and Reuse of Organically
Contaminated Brines from Chemical Process Industries
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  The Dow Chemical Company
  1000 Main Street
  Midland, Michigan  48640
Project Site: Midland, Michigan
              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                 Clifford Risley
                 Region V, EPA
                 1 North Wacker Drive
                 Chicago, Illinois  60606
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30, 1969        Project Cost:   $1,300,408

Completion Date:  June 29, 1971    Federal Cost:     $509,810

Summary:

The development and demonstration of a chemical-adsorption process for waste-
waters from a phenol manufacturing plant will be performed in this study.
The process will treat the wastewaters for the removal  and recovery of phenol
and acetate.  The remaining brine wastewater will be utilized for caustic-
chlorine production. The basic process involves the selective separation of
organic constituents by activated carbon beds.  Beds will be regenerated by
chemical means.
                   ADDRESS INOUIRIIS TO IPA PROJICT OfFICIll

                               3-27

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
           dc-ic/uie-4 bfiit^tu a. giant unde.fi Seatton       6  (b)
                                                 	
 Pe.dc.fidt Wdtefi Pollution Ccmtsiot Act  (PL $4-660},  OA  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12020 EID

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Preliminary Investigational Requirements - Petrochemical
                  and Refinery Waste Treatment Facilities

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Engineering Science, Inc.         George Putnicki
  150 East Foothills Blvd.          Region VI, EPA
  Arcadia, California  91006        1402 Elm Street
                                   Dallas, Texas   75202

Project Site:  Austin, Texas

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 30, 1969        Project Cost:  $17,000

Completion Date:   March 30, 1970  Federal Cost:  $17,000

Summary:

 The objectives of this project include the compilation, interpretation,  and
 presentation of the pertinent aspects which constitute a preliminary wastewater
 treatability study for the refining  and petrochemical industries.  The preliminary
 investigation relative to the successful treatment  of petrochemical and  refinery
wastewaters should include those factors essential  in the proper development
 of design criteria for pollution abatement and control facilities.  The
wastewater survey is the basis from  which a treatability study can be developed,
 and necessarily includes locating, analyzing, and properly interpreting  the
nature of pollutional sources within a petrochemical or refinery complex.

The treatability study, whether it involves chemical, biological,  or physical
treatment, must necessarily be programmed to yield  definitive information
concerning pollutional removal rates, anticipated levels of residual or  non-
removable constituents, and treatment process requirements.  Translating bench-
or pilot-scale data to prototype design then must incorporate proper scale-up
factors.

The overall project of evaluating the treatability  of a wastewater is predicated
on the assimilation of sufficient information from  which the optimal selection
of treatment processes can be made-  Given manpower and cost constraints in
view of this objective, the scope of any treatability study must be carefully
planned and properly implemented.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               3-28

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
  *A 4/ieet de-icAtbe-i biLe.&ty a giant undei Section      6 (b)    ,
fe.dc.-iat Waten. Pottation Con&iot Ac£ (PL 64-660), at, amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 EAW

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Ocean  Disposal  of Industrial Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.   John Ulshoefer
  Pigments Department              Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
  Wilmington, Delaware 19898       Edison, New Jersey  08817


Project Site:   Wilmington, Delaware

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 1, 1969          Project Cost:   $874,452

Completion Date: September 1, 1971  Federal Cost:   $150,116

Summary;

In this project the various technical and economic aspects of the dispersal
of an acid-iron industrial waste at sea over the continental shelf of the
Atlantic off the coast of Delaware will be evaluated.
                  ADDRISS INQUIRIES TO [PA PROJECT OFFICER

                              3-29

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ica.t dc-icttfae5 bfu.e.faty a Qfifwt undc.fi Sactton _ 6 (b)
fe.ddfia£ Wdtex. Pollution ContAol kct (PL  £4-660} ,  O4 owcnrfcrf.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12020 EFW
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Annour Industrial  Chemical Company Secondary Wastewater
Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Armour Industrial Chemical
  Chicago, Illinois  6o6ll
         Co.
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Clifford Risley
   Region V, EPA
   1 North Wacker Drive
   Chicago, Illinois  60606
Project Site:  McCook, Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  October 6, 1969

Completion Date:  July 5, 1972

Summary;
              Project Cost:  $503,000

              Federal Cost:  $210,500
The development and demonstration of a secondary treatment biological process
to reduce the effluent from a fatty acid derivatives chemical plant to less
than 100 ppm of hexane soluble materials will be undertaken.  Development work
includes the evaluation of an existing pilot-plant test unit, to be followed
by a full-scale (0.5 mgd) demonstration at the Armour plant in McCook, Illinois.
The treated effluent water quality improvement, obtainable by use of a
tertiary treatment process, will also be explored on a pilot scale.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               3-30

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IN FORM A TION SHEET /TLEAj
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                                   ATE
4/ice.t deiCAtbei
                         a giant untie 4 Seatcon    6 (b)
Fed amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 EGG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment and Disposal of Complex Chemical Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  State of Alabama
  Geological Survey and Oil & Gas
    Board
  University, Alabama

Project Site:  Tuscaloosa, Alabama
                          EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                            Edmond Lomasney
                            Region IV, EPA
                            1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                            Atlanta, Georgia  30309
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: October 20, 1969     Project Cost:  $989,525

Completion Date: April 19, 1973    Federal Cost:  $314,525

Summary;

In this program, development and evaluation of  a surface or subsurface method
for control of pollution from a complex chemical waste from a petrochemical
complex, manufacturing alkyd resins and phenols,will be performed.  Development
of the methodology and/or testing techniques to permit projections of the
fate of waste components and the waste assimulative capacity of deep geological
formations will be also made.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRItS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             3-31

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ice-t
                          a. giant u.ndo.n Station
                                                   6 (b)
                                             _
             Pollution Control Act (PL  S4-660) , 06 "omenrferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 ERM

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Ion-Exchange Effluent Treatment Unit (PET)
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Mineral Pigments Corporation
  Muirkirk, Maryland
Project Site:   Muirkirk, Maryland

DESCRIPTION OF  PROJECT

Award Date:  October 30,  1969

Completion Date:  July 3,  1972

Summary;
                               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                 John Ciancia, Chief
                                 Industrial Waste Research
                                 Hudson-Delaware Basins Office, EPA
                                 Edison, New Jersey  0881?
                               Project Cost:   $226,422

                               Federal Cost:   $115,96?
Development and demonstration of the use of an ion-exchange process for
recovery of chromate from chromate wastewaters containing high concentrations
(>1000 ppm) of chromate will be undertaken.  The proposed process is one
which is used for dilute chromate content cooling tower waters.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              3-32

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-U 4/ice-t de.ic>u.fae-i biie.^ly a. Qfiant ando.fi Se.zti.on     . 6 (b)     ,
fe.dc.fLdl Wcitefi Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), tit, amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 FEE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Identification and Control of Petrochemical Pollutants
                  Inhibiting Anaerobic Treatment Processes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Union Carbide  Corporation         J. H. Ferguson
  Research and Development Dept.     Water Quality Office, EPA
  P.O. Box 8361                     303 Methodist Bldg.
  South Charleston, West Virginia    Wheeling, West Virginia  26003
                          25303
Project Site:  South Charleston, West Virginia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 11, 1970     Project Cost:  $67,050

Completion Date: December 10, 1971 Federal Cost:  $46,936

Summary;

The objectives of this project are to identify chemicals in the wastewater
from a large petrochemical plant that are inhibitory to anaerobic treatment
and to study applicable means to eliminate such inhibition. As an initial
step, inhibitory chemicals will be identified by performing batch degradability
studies in conjunction with analysis by the  latest methods available at the
Union Carbide Technical Center in South Charleston, West Virginia.  Materials
of particular interest will be sulfatesjoc-yff unsaturated carbonyl compounds,
and ammonia.  A  second study will involve the use of a photosynthetic
bacterial-algal  culture to overcome sulfide  problems (i.e. microbial inhibition
and oxygen demand).  Digestion studies in which a degradable substrate is
spiked with various levels of inhibitory materials will be made to indicate
allowable  levels.  A final demonstration run in pilot facilities using typical
wastewaters is planned to verify the findings of the laboratory study.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-33

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IN FORM A TION SHEET /fCLEA
                                                        7VTE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/ice-t dc-icAtbe4 buii^ly a giant unrtei Sectum
fe.dc.fLdt Wciten Pol£wti.on Con&iol Ac£ (PL S4-660) ,  cm>
                                                   6 (b)
PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 FOH

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Geigy Chemical Waste Treatment Facility
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Geigy Chemical Corporation
  P.O. Box 2055
  Edgewood Station
  Providence,  Rhode Island 02905
                               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                 D.H. Stonefield
                                 New England Basins Office, EPA
                                 240 Highland Avenue
                                 Needlam, Massachusetts  02194
Project Site:  Cranston, Rhode Island

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   March 24, 1970      Project Cost:   $1,268,300

Completion Date: September 24, 1972Federal Cost:    $392,600

Summary;

The objectives of this project are:

    1.  Demonstration of the feasibility of a multi-stage (three or more)
       plastic media trickling filter process for vrastewaters from multiple
       organic chemicals plant.
    2.  Development and demonstration of the technical feasibility of total
       process control by automated systems for the process.
    3.  Evaluation of the performance of a specific design of plastic media.
    4.  Demonstration of the stage-wise acclimation of micro-organisms as a
       factor in attaining extra high loading per unit of trickling filter
       packing.
    5.  Evaluation of the performance of an additional treatment operation
       for further effluent quality improvement.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIIS TO IPA PROJECT OFFICiR
                             3-34

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfw',6 4/iee.t de,ict-i-bei bii&Alu a qsw.nt undei Se.cti.on    6  Contract
fe.dc.fiaJt Wdten Pollution Control Act (PL 84-6601, &s amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12020 GND

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Projected Wastewater Treatment Costs in the Organic Chemical
                   Industry

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Datagraphics, Incorporated         George Rey
  4790 William Flynn Highway         Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  Allison Park, Pennsylvania         Water Quality Research, EPA
                                   Washington, B.C.   20242

Project Site:  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 22, 1970      Project Cost:  $6,735

Completion Date:   June 1, 1971    Federal Cost:  $6,735

Summary;

The final report to this project presents a description of the organic chemical
industry and the costs the industry would incur in attaining various levels of
pollution abatement over the five-year period through 1974- For the study purposes,
the organc chemical industry has been defined as SIC 2815 (cyclic intermediates,
dyes, organic pigments [lakes and toners], and cyclic [coal tar] crudes);
SIC 2818 (organic chemicals, not elsewhere classified); portions of SIC 2813
(industrial gases); portions of SIC 2879 (agricultural chemicals, not elsewhere
classified); and portions of SIC 2871 (fertilizers).  Organic gases only were
included from SIC 2813 and ammonia and urea only from the fertilizer industry.
The report presents in considerable detail the description of the various production
processes, the waste treatment methods practiced, and the possible impact that
changes in processes might have on the volume and character of the wastes produced.

Projections have been based upon the chemical industry data in the 1963 and 196?
Census of Manufacturers and upon data obtained from 53 organic chemical plants.
Costs of treatment are estimated by year for  six levels of treatment from removal
of gross pollutants to 100 per cent removal of contaminants.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICIR

                                3-35

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IN FORM A  T/O/V  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh,ll> 4/iee,£ dmcAsibu  bru-dfiiy a gfuwt unrfei Section 	6 (b)    ,
Ferfe4o£ Wetter Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660], OA awe.ci.rfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 GLF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Hartig Pond Closing System - Phosphate Chemical Plants


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  State of Florida Department of     Edmond Lomasney
   Air and Water Pollution Control   Region IV, EPA
  315 South Calhoun Street          1421 Peachtree Street - N.E.
  Suite 300, Tallahassee Bank Bldg. : Atlanta, Georgia 30309
  Tallahassee, Florida  32301
Project Site:

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December I} 1970     Project Cost:  $2,668,699

Completion Date:  July 1, 1973    Federal Cost:    $506,709

Summary;

A commercial-scale demonstration of the feasibility of air and water pollution
control from wet-process phosphoric acid manufacturing plants will be undertaken
in this project.  The proposed system is to provide a closed wastewater cycle
thereby providing for essentially complete recovery of phosphate and fluoride
chemicals normally lost to the environment under past practices and for virtual
elimination of the discharges of wastewater effluents to ground and/or surface
waters.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              3-36

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  'N FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Th-U  4licet deie>u£e,4 bninfaty & giant unrfd Seat-con      6  (b)	,
 fe.dc.fia£ Watei Pollution ContAol Ac/t (PL £4-660), a* amcwrfcrf.

 PROJECT NUMBER: 12020 EPH

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Anaerobic-Aerobic Chemical Waste Treatment


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Celanese Corporation of America    James Horn
   522 Fifth Avenue                  R.S.  Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
   New York, New York  10036         P.O.  Box 1198
                                   Ada,  Oklahoma  74820

 Project Site:  Bay City, Texas

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  June 1, 1971         Project Cost:   $600,000

 Completion Date: September 1, 1973 Federal Cost:   $395,340

. Summary;

 The proposed project will study and demonstrate the economics and process
 parameters of a bio-oxidation disposal system for high-strength organic wastes
 on a  commercial scale and compare the  economics to deep-well disposal.

 Additionally, the project will:

    1.  Investigate the anaerobic conversion of intractable organic compounds to
        aerobically bio-degradable species to reduce the COD and BOD to levels
        suitable for discharge to receiving waters or for reuse.
    2.  Study the nitrate removal characteristics of the anaerobic-aerobic
        systems.
    3.  Demonstrate the use of automatic on-stream total organic carbon analyzers
        as process controllers and/or  monitors.
    4-  Investigate the effects of series  and parallel operation, changes in
        recycle rates,  and dilution on the process efficiency.
                   AODRtSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-37

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t deic/Ufae-i buio.^ a. giant undei Section      6 (b)	,
fe.dc.ial Waten. Pollution Control hat (PL  &4-660),  OLA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 800766

TITLE OF PROJECT: Optimizing a Petrochemical Waste Bio-Oxidation System
                Through Automation

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  The Dow Chemical Company         James A.  Horn
  Texas Division
  Freeport, Texas  77541


Project Site:  Freeport, Texas

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: January 11,  1972       Project Cost:  $226,574

Completion Date:   July, 1973     Federal Cost:  $142,250

Summary:

Covers the  installation and operation of control systems on an existing
activated sludge pilot plant.  These control devices will allow for  monitoring
and assessing the nature and amount of the biological process variation,
and by "feedback" and "feedforward" responses, will compensate for these
variations so as to maintain a high rate of removal.  The results will
be employed to develop a conceptual design of a waste treatment facility
for alkaline, saline and organic-laden wastes generated from a manufacturing
process producing polyhydric compounds.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-38

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/icet deicAcbei bfiin^tg a giant undc.-i Sectuw     6 (b)	>
Fe.dc.fi
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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t
                                   undei Suction
                                                     5R
 Fe.dc.iaJt Wate.1 PoiZwUon Con&iol Ac£  (PL S4-660),  OA amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  8Q0947

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Extraction or Destruction of Chemical Pollutants from
                  Industrial Wastewater Streams
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 Texas A&M Research Foundation
 P. A. Faculty Exchange H
 College Station, TExas  77843
                                 EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                    L.  Frank Mayhue
 Project Site:   College Station, Texas

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date:  March 7, 1972
                                  Project Cost:   $38,531
Completion Date: (12 mos.) March,    Federal  Cost:

Summary:
                                                 $34,928
The Texas A&M Research Foundation proposes  to investigate,  recommend methods
and procedures, and make preliminary designs for advanced waste  treatment
processes for the reduction of contaminates in petrochemical  plant waste
effluent streams, equivalent to or exceeding second stage biological treatment
processes.  The waste products to be reduced will include halogenated hydrocarbons
and other refractory compounds which effect potable water supplies, aquatic
and marine life in the lower Mississippi River with respect to taste, tainting,
and odor.  The primary objectives of this proposed research project are:
(1)  to accomplish the necessary bench work to quantitatively evaluate how
selected petrochemical waste streams can be treated economically by solvent
extraction and ozone oxidation; (2)  to obtain distribution,  performance, and
other data necessary for preliminary design of in-plant continuous flow pilot
plants for both solvent extraction and solvent recovery systesm; (3) to construct
and operate a continuous flow bench-scale pilot plant to determine performance
and design data on how waste streams can be treated economically by ozone
oxidation; (4) to make preliminary designs of continuous flow in-plant pilot
plants for the previous processes; (5) to determine and recommend the most
suitable types of equipment for the previous processes and  prepare cost
estimates and economics for the full-scale industrial process units.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                 3-^0

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice.t  de.icyu.faei biLn^tij a gwnt unda-t Se.c,tion    5 Research   ,
ft.dc.iaJL (Oaten Pof.iati.on Con&ioi Act  (PL 84-660),  a*  omeiirfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  801030

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Extraction of chemical Pollutants from Aqueous Industrial
                  Streams with Volatile Solvents

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  University of  California          James Horn
  Chemical Engineering Dept.
  Berkeley, California  94720


Project Site: Berkeley, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: Jufle 14, 1972         Project Cost:   48,673   (2nd year)

Completion  Date:  April, 1973      Federal Cost:   45,618   (2nd year)

Summary:

 (a)  To obtain experimentally fundamental physico-chemical  data on the distribution
 of various pertinent chemical solutes  (alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones,
 etc.) between water and candidate volatile solvents, as a function of temperature,
 pressure and solute concentration.  The solvents include carbon dioxide,
 isobutylene and  propane.
 (b)  To establish a correlation for  distribution coefficients.
 (c)  To construct and operate bench-scale, continuous-flow  demonstration units
 (mini-plants) for quantitative evaluation of the extraction process as applied
 to waste-stream  samples from petroleum-refining and petrochemical plants.
 (d)  To obtain experimentally fundamental physical data (interfacial tensions,
 diffusivities, mass transfer rates,  etc.) and operating data required for
 scale-up of an efficient extraction  process.
 (e)  To demonstrate the workability  of extraction with volatile solvents as
 a method for treating typical concentrated petroleum and  petrochemical waste
 waters on a sustained basis.
 (f)  To determine the most suitable  type of extraction contactor and to measure
 and correlate its extraction efficiency.
 (g)  To evaluate critically performance data from the demonstration unit toward
 an economic optimization of design variables.
 (h)  To make a preliminary design of a full-scale industrial extraction process
 and to prepare cost estimates.
 (i)  To establish, on the basis of engineering studies, the classes (or types)
 of industrial waste waters which  can be treated economically by extraction with
 volatile solvents.

                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFflCER
                                 3-M

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
   4 4/tee-t deiettbes  bru.e.£ly a giant unr/e.t Section 5 Demonstration,
fe.dc.iat Wo.fr?*. Pollution Control Act  (PL S4-660), ad ameiirfcd.

PROJECT NUMBER: 800554

TITLE OF PROJECT: Carbon Sorption and Regeneration for Petrochemical Waste
                 Treatment

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
 University of Missouri              L.  Frank Mayhue
 Columbia, Missouri   65201
Project  Site:  Columbia, Missouri

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 16, 1972        Project Cost:  $38,520

Completion Date: April, 1973      Federal Cost:  $36,444

Summary:

The subject proposal is a two  part program:   (1)  to determine the specific
response of spent activated  carbon to regeneration, and  (2)  to develop
and fabricate two carbon adsorption pilot plants.  A departure from the
traditional empirical approach to activated carbon regeneration will be
made in an effort to evaluate  the basic parameters, techniques, and
requirements of the regeneration process.  The successful completion of the
project will make a significant contribution  to the understanding of
regeneration phenomena.  An  optimum economic  utilization of the overall
carbon adsorption process will be the end result, thereby placing an
enhanced value on its use in industrial waste treatment  activities.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                3-lt-2

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
de.icyu.be4
  andan Section
                                                   5R
         (Oaten Pollution Control Ac*  (PL 84-660), a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  800857

 TITLE OF PROJECT: Effluent Guidelines for  the Inorganic Chemicals  Industry
 GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
   Illinois Institute of Technology
   Department of  Environmental
     Engineering
   Chicago, Illinois  60616

 Project  Site: Chicago, Illinois

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: June 19, 1972

 Completion Date:  March,  1973

. Summary:
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Elwood E.  Martin
   Environmental Protection Agency
   Washington,  D.C.  20460
Project Cost:  $30,972

Federal Cost:  $28,695
 The project will  identify types and classes of pollutants present  in the
 organic chemical  industry wastewaters;  define "normal" ranges of raw waste
 loads associated  with industry production; identify wastewater treatment
 processes available to the inorganic chemicals industry, and evaluate the
 effectiveness and cost of these processes relative to significant  pollutants;
 and from these data, establish practical and achievable wastewater effluent
 guidelines applicable to the  inorganic  chemical industry.  The study will
 yield a condensed, handbook-type compilation of available information on inorganic
 chemicals industrial wastewater composition, treatment technology,  treatment
 effectiveness and costs.
                    ADDRESS INOUIRIIS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
  iA bhant rfeicA,cbei bfiizfaty a giant unde.fi Section     5R  _ ,
 fe.dc.iaJt Watei Pollution ContAol Ac-t (PL &4-660) ,  a<5  amewrfcrf.

 PROJECT NUMBER: 8Q1200

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Wastewater Profile of the Plastics, Synthetic Resins, and
                 Fiber Manufacturing  Industry

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA  PROJECT OFFICER:
  Robert W.  Lenz & W. Leigh  Short    Paul E. Des  Rosiers
  Chemical Engineering Dept.
  University of Massachusetts
  Amherst,  Massachusetts  01002

Project Site:  Amherst, Massachusetts

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June  27, 1972        Project Cost:   $31,405

Completion Date: August, 1973     Federal Cost:   $29,835

Summary:

Covers  the collection and  collation of  data concerning the  wastewater
characteristics, existing  and planned treatment facilities, waste reductions
achieved by existing technology,  economics and cost data, and recommendations
of remedial measures where present technology is  deficient  in regards to the
Plastics, Synthetic Resins,  and Fiber Manufacturing Industry, as delineated
in SIC  2821 and SIC 2824 as  exists in the United  States and in Europe.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de.6elites  buLt^tij a giant unde.fi Section    5 Research  ,
Fe.de.to£ Oktte* Potation Ccw#io£ Ac*  (PL S4-660), a.4 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 800602

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Waterborne Wastes  of  the Paint and Pigments Industry


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

 Southern Research Institute        Herbert S. Skovronek
 2000 Ninth Avenue South
 Birmingham, Alabama  35205

Project Site: Birmingham, Alabama

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: June 20, 1972         Project Cost:   $35,815

Completion Date:  March 1973      Federal Cost:   $33,000

Summary:

The objectives  of the proposed research program are  (1)  to characterize
the subject industries in relation to their wastewater problems,   (2) to
assess the waste-control technology  currently being employed in the subject
industries,  (3) to determine the best practice now extant, (4)  to determine
what can be achieved in the way of control of effluent quality with technology
now available to these industries , and  (5)  to recommend remedial measures
where present treatment technology is either deficient, lacking, or non-
existent.  It is anticipated that through pursuit  of these objectives it will
be possible to  define clearly the pollutant-control problems of the Paint
and Pigments Industries and to provide a sound basis for the planning of
future research and development efforts necessary  to the resolution of those
problems.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

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           PPB 12030






POWER PRODUCTION - NO:U-THERMAL

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                               PPB 12030

                    POWER PRODUCTION (NON-THERMAL)
xne R&D program for the power industry receives suppdrt under the EPA
grant and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of the Clean
Water Restoration Act of 196'6.  The objectives of the program are to:

     1.  Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the
         non thermal aspects of power production.
     2.  Research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to
         achieve at minimum cost the equivalent of best practicable
         and, best available treatment and closed loop systems.

The objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to
universities, industries, and municipalities and through in-house research
activities carried out by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory.

The wastewater flows may be identified with the following non-thermal
power generating operations:  boiler and cooling system blowdown, disposal
of air pollution control system wastes, and disposal of water treatment
wastewaters and sludges.
                                  4-1

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                                 PROJECT INDEX

                   PPB 12030 - POWER PRODUCTION - NON-THERMAL
                                                             Project
12030       Grantee or Contractor                            Status*    Page

GTT         General Telephone Company of California             C       4-5
                                    4-3
                                      Project'Status:
                                         A - Completed,  Final Report Available
                                         B - Final Report in Preparation
                                         C - Work Continuing
                                         D - Project Terminated

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IN FORM A TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U -6/iee-t de.4c/ti.be.4 bii^^ty a giant  unde.fi Section      6 (b)     ,
Fedeia£ Watei Potluti.on ContAot Act  (PL S4-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12030 GTT

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Elimination of Biocides in Cooling Tower Slowdown
                  By Use of Ozone

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  General Telephone Company of
     California                      Lewis Porteous
  P.O. Box 57                       Office of  Research  & Monitoring
  Pomona, California  91769          ^ " Re8ion Ix
                                   760 Market Street
Project Site: Pomona, California     San Francisco, CA 94102

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 22,  1971       Project Cost:   $82,778

Completion  Date:  November 21, 1972 Federal Cost:   $45,850

Summary;

This 20-month project will evaluate the feasibility of using ozone as a
biocide in recirculating cooling towers so as to eliminate the current
problems of pollution from the residual biocides in cooling tower blowdown.
The plan of operation for the project calls for the evaluation of ozone as
a biocide for 3-month periods covering the following modes of operation:
ozone as a biocide only; ozonation and controlled bleed  for total chemical
elimination; ozonation, controlled bleed and partial softening for water
conservation; and ozonation and total demineralization to provide a complete
recycling-closed system.
                  ADDRESS INOUIRIIS TO IPA PROJKT OFFICiR

                               4-5

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        PPB 12040






PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

-------
                                  PPB 12040

                          PAPER AND ALLIED PEDDQCTS
Activities under this subprogram element encompass those industries engaged in
the production of pulp, paper, paperboard, and related paper products.  Dun and
Bradstreet lists 6,683 production establishments under "Standard Industrial
Classification" (SIC) Number 26, titled "Paper and Allied Products," while
Lockwood's Directory indicates there are 542 independent paper mills, 2?8 paper
mills with one or more associated pulp mill, and 32 independent pulp mills.  It is
toward these 852 production establishments that the effort of EPA's research
and development program is directed.  The R&D program is headquartered in Washington,
D.C., but the program support and in-house research is centered at the Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon.


It has been estimated that the total waste load developed from this industry
represents 2? per cent of the total pollutional load attributed to all manu-
facturing.  Wastes from the industry may show extreme pH variations; extremely
high biochemical oxygen demand loads (dependent on the pulping process); high
color due to lignin compounds released in pulping and bleaching as well as loss
of pigments and dyes in paper making; and a toxic effect on aquatic life at various
levels of the food chain and loss of significant amounts of settleable and suspended
solids in the form of fiber, dirt, and debris.

The intramural and extramural R&D program is to assist industry in the develop-
ment of improved in-plant control and waste reduction within the unit manufacturing
processes and improved waste treatment processes to be currently employed, as well
as advanced treatment methods for the further abatement of pollution. Projects
for pretreatment and control in-plant, final conventional and advanced waste treat-
ment, joint municipal treatment, and recovery and utilization of waste by-products
are being investigated.  Application of in-plant water reuse and waste control plus
advanced waste treatment and control processes should eventually gain in the ultimate
goal of a closed-loop water system for this industry.
                                    5-1

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            PROJECT INDEX




PPB 12040 - PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
"12040
EBY
EFC
DLQ
DEH
EXQ
DBD
EMY
BUG
EZZ
EEL
EEK
ELW
ESV
14-12-162
DYD
ENC
DRY
DKD
EJU
FKS
FES
FUB
Grantee or Contracter
Oregon State University
University of Washington
Oregon State University
University of Washington
University of Washington
Montana State University
The Mead Corporation
Georgia Kraft Company
University of North Carolina
Pulp Manufacturers Research League
Georgia Kraft Company
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.
International Paper Company
Interstate Paper Corporation
Continental Can Company, Inc.
Institute of Paper Chemistry
St. Regis Paper Company
Weyerhaeuser Company
S.D. Warren Company
Green Bay Packaging, Inc.
Pro j ect
Status*
A
A
A
B
B
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
D
A
A
C
B
C
C
A
A
Page
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
5-19
5-20
5-21
5-22
5-23
5-24
5-25
5-26
5-27
5-28
5-29
                 5-3

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12040
FDE
GLV
HAR
HDU
GQD
HPK
S800261
S800853
S801207
S800740
800520
801206
Proj act
Grantee or Contractor Status*
Esleeck Manufacturing Company and
Strathmore Paper Company
WAPORA, Inc.
WAPORA, Inc.
Georgia - Pacific Corporation
Crown Zellerbach Corporation
University of Washington
Champion Paper Division,
U.S. Plywood Corporation
Institute of Paper Chemistry
Institute of Paper Chemistry
The Chesapeake Corporation of Virginia
Green Bay Packaging Company
Big Chief Roofing Company
C
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Page
5-30
5-31
5-32
5-33
5-34
5-35
5-36
5-37
5-38
5-39
5-40
5-41
*Project Status:
   A - Completed, Final Report Available
   B - Final Report in Preparation
   C - Work Continuing
   D - Project Terminated
                        5-4

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               FINAL PROJECT REPORTS
       PPB 12040

Report Number

12040 E'UG 10/69



12040 EZZ 04/70
12040 EBY 08/70
12040 ELW 12/70
12040 EMY 12/70
12040 EFC 01/71
12040 EEK 08/71
12040 DLQ 08/71
12040 FUB 01/72
12040 FES 07/71
PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS

 Title/Author

 Foam Separation of Kraft Pulping
 Was tes ,  Georgia Kraft Company,
 Rome,  Georgia.
             Source

             NTIS
             PB 189
           160
 Dilute Spent Kraft Liquor Filtration
Through Wood Chips ,
Resources, Universi
Carolina, Raleigh,
Aerial Photographic
Pulp Mill Effluent:
School of Forest
ty of North
North Carolina
Tracing of
in Marine Waters,
NTIS
PB 191
                                                                 873
 Oregon State University, Corvallis,
 Oregon.                             GPO - $1.25

 Aerated  Lagoon Treatment of Sulfite
 Pulping  Effluents, The Crown
 Zellerback Corporation, Lebanon,
                    Oregon.
                                    GPO -
 Multi-System Biological Treatment  GPO -
 of Bleached Kraft Effluents. The
 Mead Corporation, Chillicothe, Ohio
                   $1.25

                   $2.00
 Pollution Abatement by Fiber-
 Modification,  College of Forest
            Inst.  of Forest Products
            of  Washington, Seattle,
             GPO - $ .65
                    Resources,
                    University
                    Washington.
 Treatment of Selected
                    Mill Wastes in a
Internal
   Tower,
                    Kraft Company, Rome
                  cooling	
                      Georgia
Kraft
 Georgia
    GPO - $1.25
 Slime Growth Evaluation of Treated GPO - $1.50
 Pulp Mill Waste,  Dept.  of Micro-
 biology,  Oregon State University,
 Corvallis,  Oregon.

 Recycle of  Papermill Waste Waters  GPO - $1.00
 and Application of  Reverse Osmosis,
 by D.C. Morris, W.R. Nelson, and
 G.O. Walraven,  Green Bay Packaging
 Inc., Green Bay,  Wisconsin

 Sludge Material Recovery System for GPO - $1.00
 Manufacturers of  Pigmented Papers,
 by S.D. Warren  Co., A Div. of Scott
 Paper Company,  Environmental Improvement
 Dept., Westbrook, Maine
                        5-5

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                                      LOCATION OF MAJOR FUlA   /iD PAPER INDUSTRIES
-o

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 INFORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      4/tee-t de,6Ou.be.4  bnizfaiy a giant ando.fi Section   5 Research  .
 fc.dc.iaii iJJatcfi Foliation:Control Act (PI.  &4-660),  
-------
 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      .6 fieet ducAibu bnie.^ty a giant undc.1 Se.cM.on    5 Research  ,
 fe.dc.ial Write*. Pollution Contnot Ac* (PL 64-660), a<5 amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 EFC

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Pollution Abatement by Fiber Modification


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   College of Forest Resources        Ralph Scott
   University of Washington           Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
   Seattle, Washington  98105         200  Southwest 35th  Street
                                    Corvallis, Oregon  97330

 Project Site:   Seattle, Washington

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  June 10, 1969         Project Cost:  $41,603

 Completion Date: January 31, 1971  Federal Cost:  $37,850

. Summary:

 Laboratory studies were conducted in this project to determine if the collection
 of pollutants from water using fibers was a feasible concept.

 Any cellulosic or lignocellulosic fibers  can be reacted with di- or tri-
 halogeno-s.-triazines in simple aqueous conditions so that  about 10 per cent
 by weight of reactive sites can be built  into the fiber.   The modified fibers
 can be  regarded as polychloro-s.-triazinylated fibers in which each s_-triazine
 ring contains approximately one or two reactive chlorine atoms.  The extent
 of reaction is generally determined by the stereotopochemistry of the fiber
 and in  particular by its lignin content and its microporous structure.  Chloro-
 s.-triazines are capable of reacting in aqueous solutions with amines, mercaptans
 and phenols, typical of those present in  pulping wastes  and bleach plant
 effluent.  The efficiency of this system  is obviously increased as the size
 of the  pollutant removed per reactive fiber size is increased.  Methods to
 increase the size of lignosulfonates by condensation have  therefore been
 developed.

 Two new methods for the collection of pollutants by fibers based on oxidative
 grafting  and physical entrapment by hydrodynamic volume changes have also been
 discovered and a procedure for the characterization of copolymer compositions
 by surface tension has been established.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 5-9

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/iee-t de-ic/u.fae.4  bii&fity a gM.nt ando.fi Se.cti.on 5 Demonstration,
        Mate.*. Pollution Control Act (Pi. &4-660) ,  ai amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 DLQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Slime Growth Evaluation of Treated Pulp Mill Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Department of Microbiology
  Oregon State University
  Corvallis, Oregon  97331
Project Site:  Corvallis, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 1, 1970

Completion Date:  May 31, 1971

Summary;
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Donald May
  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  200 Southwest 35th Street
  Corvallis, Oregon  97330
Project Cost:  $16,965 (2nd year)

Federal Cost:  $15,415 (2nd year)
This is  a continuation of a project initiated in 1969-  The objective of this
research is to evaluate the slime growth promoting potential of treated pulp
mill wastes.  Wastes treated by various means will be tested for their ability
to support slime growth using various procedures.  Additional studies will
be carried out in an effort to define specific carbon and nitrogen sources
in treated wastes which support the growth of Sphaerotilus.  The effects of
environmental factors on growth of Sphaerotilus also will be examined.  This
study will contribute to the development of abatement procedures for controlling
slime growth as well as assist in establishing suitable water quality criteria
for streams receiving pulp mill wastes.  The study .also will add to the knowledge
on Sphaerotilus.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-10

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-u.e.&iy a. giant undent Sc.cti.on    5  Research  ,
Fedeta£ WcLtei Pollution Contnol Act (PL  84-660),   amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 DEH

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Studies of Low Molecular Weight Lignin Sulfonates


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Chemical            H.K. Willard
    Engineering                     Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  University of Washington          200 Southwest 35th Street
  Seattle, Washington  98105         Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Seattle, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September 1,  1970     Project Cost:  $32,049

Completion Date:  October  31, 1971 Federal Cost:  $28,844

Summary;

Studies are being undertaken  to isolate  and characterize  low molecular weight
lignin sulfonates which are formed from  the lignin in wood by action of
sulfite pulping process.  Improved separation methods by  gel chromatography
recently developed in this laboratory will  be applied to  obtain fractions
of rather narrow molecular ranges, expecially in the low  molecular weight
range.

Information gained should  be  of assistance  in developing  economic uses for
the waste liquors from sulfite pulp mills which are giving rise to the
hazard of pollution of water  sources.

Future studies will be devoted to the following subjects:

    1.  Continuation of molecular weight determinations by vapor-pressure
        osmometric means.
    2.  Studies on the practical application of lignosulfonates and the
        lignex separation  process.
    3.  Investigation of complexing properties of lignosulfonate fractions.
    4-  Exploratory studies on carboxylation using maleic anhydride.
                   AODRISS INQUIRIES TO CPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-11

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INFORMATION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
          de/ic/ttbe/A bfiie.£ty a. gtuint ande.fi Sd&tion   5 Research   ,
fe.dc.fial Wate* Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660), ai amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 EXQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Steam Stripping of  Kraft Pulp Mill Effluents


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Department of Chemical Engineering H.K. Willard
 University of Washington           Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
 Seattle, Washington  98105        200  Southwest 35th Street
                                   Co'rvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Seattle, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September 1, 1970    Project Cost:   $32,100  (2nd year)

Completion Date: August 31, 1971   Federal Cost:   $28,899  (2nd year)

Summary;

Three specific  aims of the  original research program were:

    1.  To  secure further information  concerning the nature and  concentration
        of  steam-volatile substances present in Kraft pulp mill  black liquors
        and several process conditions.
    2.  To  conduct further  laboratory  experiments  and SEKOR process design
        studies in order to evaluate several alternate ways of conducting the
        SEKOR process  and to permit the optimum procedure or procedures to be
        identified.
    3.  To  conduct laboratory and process design studies directed toward the
        development and  evaluation of  procedures by which SEKOR  oils, arising
        under various  conditions, can  be separated on an industrial scale into
        components or  fractions which  may be sold  to return a significant income
        to  offset the  costs of conducting the SEKOR process.

In addition to continuing toward  the above objectives, it is also planned to
conduct  future research  at  the University in close collaboration with SEKOR
related  studies which  are being developed by investigators associated with the
Weyerhaeuser Company in  Longview, Washington.  The Weyerhaeuser  studies mainly
will be  concerned with mill-scale application of a SEKDR-type process to
condensate  liquors, but  experimentation on black liquors will also be included.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-12

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     blunt dc,icA.cfae,i  bfu.e.^ty a giant undc.fi Secttou   5 Research   ,
fe.dc.fiai ddaten Poiiwtion Control Act  (PL S4-660], 
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IN FOR MA  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice-t dtecsvibu bnii^ly a gtuint unctei Section      6 (b)
 Pe.de.lcLt Wtit.en Pottation Con&ioi Act [PL  84-660), cu> omei/rferf.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 EMI

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Multi-System Biological Treatment of Bleached Kraft
                   Effluents

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  The Mead Corporation              Ralph Scott
  Chillicothe, Ohio                 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                    200 Southwest 35th Street
                                    Corvallls, Oregon  97330

 Project Site:  Chillicothe, Ohio

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  December 14, 1966     Project Cost:  $428,500

 Completion Date: December 13,  1970  Federal Cost:  $299,950

 Summary;

A multi-unit pilot plant was used to study the biological  treatment of integrated
 Kraft pulp and paper wastewaters after conventional primary  clarification.
 The biological units included two high-rate trickling filters packed with PVC
media, an .oxidation ditch ;with brush-type aeration, and  an earthen lagoon with
mechanical surface aeration.  Many  alternates were possible  because the main feed
 could be excluded from one or more  biological units and, in  its place, any of
 the pilot-unit effluents, except the aerated lagoon, could be pumped back to
 the main weir box for feed.  Simultaneous series and parall el operation of the
 four biological systems was thus possible.  The combinations using normal strength
 wastewater included:  (a) trickling filters in series,  (b) trickling filter to
 aerated lagoon, (c) oxidation ditch to aerated lagoon,  and (d) oxidation ditch
 to trickling filter.

Black liquor was added to the clarified  effluent on a continuous basis for a
 limited period of time in order to  elevate the BODj level  from approximately
 200 mg/1 to approximately 500 mg/1  and the following combinations were tested:
 (a)  trickling filter to oxidation ditch  to trickling filter, (b) trickling
 filter to aerated lagoon, and (c) trickling filters in  series followed by
 oxidation ditch.  Best efficiencies at normal effluent  strength were obtained
 on the pilot oxidation ditch when run with clarification and sludge return as
 the extended aeration process.  BOD5 removals as high as 94  per cent were possible.
 The trickling filter with sludge recycle performed slightly  better than the
 conventional trickling filter.  8005 removals of 60 to 70  per cent were possible.
 The conventional aerated lagoon at  short detention times was improved by
 clarification of the treated effluent.   BOD5 removals of 80  per cent were possible.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                5-14

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Thu 4/ice.t deic/u-be-i b'w.e^t/ a Qfiant ande.fi Section      6 (b)    ,
Fecfe.io£ Wdt.ei Pollution Control Act (PL  &4-660),  at, emended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 EUG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Foam Separation of Kraft Pulping Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Georgia-Kraft  Co.                 Ralph Scott
  Rome, Georgia                     Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Rome, Georgia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 4,  196?        Project Cost:   $68,830

Completion  Date:  October 31, 1969  Federal Cost:   $48,181

Summary;

Laboratory studies of foam separation were  conducted to determine the feasibility
of this process  for reducing BOD,  solids content, and foaming tendency of
clarified Kraft  mill effluent.  Since Kraft pulping wastes  have a natural
tendency to foam, it was expected  that the  foaming process, which has been
found to be useful in treating domestic wastes, might have  applications in
treatment of these effluents.

Both continuous  flow and batch experiments  were conducted,  and liquid and
foam heights, liquid feed rates, air sparging rates, and temperature were
varied over wide ranges.

The BOD reduction in the treated liquid was disappointingly small, averaging
less than 5 per  cent, and the BOD  enrichment in the foam phase was in most
ca'ses less than  1.5 times that of  the feed.  Solids removal was correspondingly low.

The cost of using a foam process on kraft mill wastes is extimated to be four
to five cents per 1000 gallons of  feed;  this cost is exclusive of further
processing of the concentrated foamate.   Based on control of  foaming tendency
alone, the process would be unattractive from a cost standpoint.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-15

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INFORMATION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                                     6  (b)
     4/iee-t  deic/u.bei  bii&fily a. giant andc.-i Section
fe.dc.ial Wat&i Pollution Control hct  (PL &4-660) , a*

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 EZZ

TITLE OF PROJECT: Dilute Spent Kraft Liquor Filtration through Wood  Chips
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  School  of Forest Resources
  University of North Carolina
  Raleigh, North Carolina
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                   Ralph Scott
                                   Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330
Project Site: Raleigh, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 4, 196?       Project Cost:  $25,920

Completion Date:  April 30, 1970   Federal Cost:  $18,144

Summary;

The principal objective of this project was to determine if contact between
effluent from a Kraft pulp mill and pine chips would' reduce the water pollution
characteristics of the waste liquor.

The experimental work was divided into two phases: 1) a small scale laboratory
investigation of contacting dilute waste^ liquor with chips;  and 2) a pilot-scale
investigation of filtering waste  liquor through a column and a pile of chips.

It was found that contact. of alkaline waste liquor, or even distilled water,
with pine chips extracted organic matter from the chips which had a considerable
BOD^.  This extract corresponded  to a pollution load of about 3-11 Ibs.  BOD5
per ton of dry wood.  Alkalinity, pH, and intensity of color of the waste
liquor were somewhat reduced by the contact. These reductions are, however,
too small to have any practical application in effluent treatment.  It can,
in general, be concluded that contact of alkaline waste liquor, or water, with
wood chips extracts soluble organics and adds pollutional materials to the
effluent stream.
                   ADORISS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-16

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

TkiA 4/iee-t  de4o/u.be,5 bnlafiiy a giant tmdei. Secfcum 	6 (b)     >
Fed£
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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      4/ie.e.t  deic/w.be4 bfiie.^ly a gfuint unde'i Section  	6 (b)    ,
 Fe.de.iai Watei Pollution Con&iol Ac*  (PL S4-660),  an>  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 EEK

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Selected Internal Kraft Mill Wastes in a
                   Cooling Tower

 GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Georgia-Kraft Co.                 Ralph Scott
   Rome, Georgia                     Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                    200 Southwest 35th Street
                                    Corvallis, Oregon  97330

 Project Site:  Macon, Georgia

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   October 14,  196?     Project Cost:   $411,000

 Completion  Date: August 31, 1971   Federal Cost:   $287,000

.JJummary:

 Pulp mill condensates, decker filtrate, and turpentine decanter underflow from
 an 850 ton/day Kraft linerboard mill have been successfully treated in a conven-
 tional cooling tower.  These waste streams, in combination with the condenser waters
 from a barometric type evaporator condenser, are cooled in the tower and reused.
 The overall accomplishments of this process are the removal of about 10,000
 Ibs of BOD  per day and the reduction in overall mill water needs of about
 8-10 mgd.   Theoretical, laboratory, and pilot studies investigated the BOD
 removal mechanisms involved and proved that the predominant mechanism is stripping
 of volatile components.  As a part of the laboratory studies a simple procedure
 called a static vapor-liquid equilibrium method was developed for collecting and
 analyzing low concentration volatile components in wastewater.  Mathematical
 relationships were developed which allow the translation of the findings of
 this study  to other wastewater treatment applications.  The primary factors
 controlling BOD removal in this system are blowdown rate, liquid-gas ratio, and
 average temperature.  For a blowdown rate of 15-20  per cent of the tower
 influent, average treatment efficiencies for the waste streams considered are
 55-65 per cent for sixth effect condensate, 45-55 per cent for combined condensate
 and turpentine decanter underflow, and 25-35 per cent for decker filtrate.

 The reduction in BOD of these waste streams is believed due primarily to the
 stripping of methanol.  Some biological activity is evident in the tower, however,
 and the addition of nutrients results in an improvement of 5~10 per cent in BOD
 removal.  The system has several advantages over the conventional surface condenser
 system used with Kraft mill evaporators.  Both operating and capital costs
 compare favorably with other waste-treatment methods.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                5-18

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tftu 4licet de/iotxfaei bfiia^ly a. giant twdei Sectton 	6 (b)     ,
fe.dc.fidt (Jjciten Poitution Control Ac£ (PL &4-660],  04 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 ELW

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Sulfite Pulping Effluents


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Crown Zellerbach Corporation       Ralph Scott
   Camas, Washington                 Pacific  Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                    200  Southwest 35th Street
                                    Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:   Lebanon, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 27, 196?     Project Cost:   $802,000

Completion Date:   August 31, 1971  Federal Cost:   $503,739

Summary;

Secondary treatment of sulfite pulp and paper mill effluents in aerated stabili-
zation basins  was  tested on a full-scale basis over a 17-month period of continuous
operation.  The secondary treatment plant consisted of two aeration basins.
One basin was  equipped with two 75-hp surface aerators and the other basin of
equal volume was equipped with six 25-hp aeration units.  Piping was designed
to permit series and parallel operation of the two basins and provisions were
made to recycle treated waste.  The waste treated was a mixture of weak wash water
from the pulp  mill, evaporator condensate from, the spent liquor recovery system,
and paper machine  white water.

Experimentation conducted over the 17-month period showed that series operation
was more efficient than parallel operation and. that the 75-hp surface aerators
were much more efficient mixing and aeration devices than the 25-hp units of
equivalent capacity.  An 80 per cent BOD reduction in the combined secondary
system was achieved at a BOD load of 3-53 lbs/1,000 cu ft of aeration capacity or
2.2 Ibs/hp-hr.  This was equivalent to a daily- BOD load of 16,000 Ibs.  Biological
treatment of the mill waste to a BOD reduction of 80 to 85 per cent produced a
waste which did not readily support slime growth  when added to simulated
experimental streams.  Although slime growth was  closely related to the amount
of BOD added to the simulated streams, two to three times as much slime was
produced from  untreated waste than for equivalent BOD additions of treated waste.
Total operating cost including interest on investment and depreciation was
$169,500 per year  or $4.79/ton of production.   Total operating cost per pound
of BOD destroyed was 3.48 cents.

                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                               5-19

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/iee.t dcACA-ibu bfiizfiiy a giant unde.fi Section
fe.dc.-iai Wo.fr? 1. Poiiu.ti.on Contnoi Ao£ (PL  £4-660) ,  04

PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 ESV
                                                    6 (b)
TITLE OF PROJECT:
                 A Demonstration Plant Evaluation of Four Methods for Pulp
                 and Paper Mill Sludge Utilization and Disposal
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Crown Zellerbach Corporation
  1 Bush Street              .
  San Francisco,  California  94119
Project Site:  Camas, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  April 3, 1968

Completion Date:   April 3, 19?2

Summary;
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Ralph Scott
                                  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                  200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330
                                Project Cost

                                Federal Cost:
                                              $848,320

                                              $350,000
This demonstration study is  a full-scale investigation of four methods of
utilization and disposal of  primary sludge from a combined pulp and paper mill.
The areas of investigation are:  disposal by incineration, utilization as
"hog-fuel" make-up in a conventional steam boiler at rates ranging between 5
and 50 per cent, use as a dried mulching material for highway slope preparation,
and the evaluation of sludge as an agricultural soil conditioner.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-20

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice-t deiat,tfae4 bni^^ly a gtewt imde-i. Sect-con _ 6 Contract
       Watet Potlation Con&ioi Ac^t (PL &4-660) , ai amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  14-12-162    (PPB 12040)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Plasma Arc Processing of Spent Sulfite Liquors


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Electro-Optical Systems, Inc.      George Webster
  300 North Halstead St.            Industrial  Pollution Control Branch
  Pasadena, California 9110?       Water Quality Research, EPA
                                 Washington, D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Pasadena, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: May 16, 1968         Project Cost:  $49,945

Completion Date: February 1, 1969  Federal Cost:  $49,945

Summary:

The basic objective of this project is to determine the technical and economic
feasibility of plasma arc treatment of sulfite waste liquors.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              5-21

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/icet de-ic/Lcbe-i b>u.e.£ly a giant
                                      Seatuw
                                                  6 (b)
                                              _    _
       Wate* P0££ati.cw Ccw#io£ Ac£  (PL Z4-660) ,  04 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 DYD

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Evaluation and Demonstration of the Massive Lime Process for
                 the Removal of Color from Kraft Pulp Mill Wastes
GEANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  International Paper Company
  220 East 42nd Street
  New York, New York 1001?
                               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                 George Putnicki
                                 Region VI, EPA
                                 1402 Elm Street
                                 Dallas, Texas  75202
Project Site:  Springhill, Louisana

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 14, 1968        Project Cost:  $850,000

Completion Date: December 31, 1971 Federal Cost:  $595,000

Summary;

International  Paper Company proposes to isolate wastes from the caustic  extraction
stage of a Kraft pulp bleaching line and the unbleached decker of the pulp mill
and to treat these wastes separately and combined for the removal of color and
reduction of biochemical oxygen demand by the massive lime process over  a period
of 27 months.
                  ADDRtSS INQUIRIF.S TO [PA PROJtCT OFFICER

                             5-22

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                  6  (b)
Th-U i>h(Le.t rfeic/u.be,i bftizfily a gtuint un.dc.-t. Section _
Fe.dc.iat Waft*. Pottution Contiot Ac* (PL U-66Q] , a.6 annii-irfcd.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 ENC
TITLE OF PROJECT:
Chemical Coagulation Color Removal System for Kraft Mill
Effluents
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Interstate Paper  Corporation
  300 East 42nd Street
  New York, New York  1001?
Project Site:  Riceboro, Georgia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  June 27, 1968
              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                Edmond Lomasney
                Region IV, EPA
                1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                Atlanta, Georgia  30309
              Project  Cost:  $741,160
Completion Date:December 31, 1972  Federal Cost:   $466,895

Summary;
This project proposes to develop, install, and demonstrate a new chemical
coagulation process for removing color from Kraft pulp and paper mill effluents.
The process uses a stoichiometric lime addition to the untreated wastes, prior
to primary sedimentation, which adsorbs the color bodies onto the lime floe and
is settled with the sludge.   This sludge is then removed to lagoons for drying
and storage.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              5-23

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INFORMATION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    -4/iee.t de-i c/txcbe-4
FedeioX
    a gfoint unds.fi Section •
Con'&iol Act (PL &4-660),  cu>~
                                                   6 (b)
                                              amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 DRY
TITLE OF PROJECT:  A Color Removal and Fibrous Sludge Disposal Process for the
                 Kraft Paper Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Continental Can Company, Inc.
  Paperboard and Kraft Paper
    Division
  Hodge, Louisiana  71247

Project Site:  Hodge, Louisiana

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 25, 1968
                              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                Dr. Richard Hill
                                Region VI, EPA
                                1600 Patterson
                                Dallas, Texas  75202
                              Project Cost:  $2,865,970
Completion Date: December 31, 1972  Federal Cost:

Summary;
                                              $750,000
This project will develop economical design and operational data applicable to
the Kraft pulp and paper industry in removal of color in mill effluents and in
disposal of fibrous sludges..  Color removal will be accomplished by lime precipi-
tation of the color bodies and fibers with subsequent regeneration of the lime
by sludge combustion in a kiln.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             5-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tfw',4 4 fleet deicAcbei bli^^ty a. g>uint 'u.ndc.1 Section	6 (b)	,
Fedcio£ Wciten Pollution Con&iol Act (PL  &4-660],   amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 DKD

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Chemical and Physical Nature of  Color Bodies in Kraft Mill
                  Effluents Before and  After Treatment

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Institute of Paper Chemistry      George R. Webster
  Appleton, Wisconsin  54911        Industrial. Pollution Control  Branch
                                  Water Quality  Research,  EPA
                                  Washington,  D.C. 20242

Project Site:  Appleton, Wisconsin

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 31, 1968     Project Cost:  $170,721.00

Completion Date: December 31,  1971 Federal Cost:  $119,504-70

Summary;

Kraft pulping wastes which are discharged into streams may darken  the color of
the water, contribute to the biochemical oxygen demand, and increase the solids
content of the stream.   New federal and  state water standards will require removal
of such materials from mill effluents.   Lime precipitation in small-scale operations
has been shown to remove certain of the  solid constituents and demonstration
grants  on lime treatments have been approved at three Kraft mill sites.

The objective of the proposed project  is to determine the chemical and physical
nature  of the color bodies in the effluents from these three  Kraft mills, both
before  and after lime treatment.  The  investigation should lead to a better
understanding of the results of the lime treatments and may suggest means for
more complete removal of color.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-25

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t de,ic^tfa&4  bii&fily a giant u.nde.1 Sectuw 	6 (b)     ,
fe.dc.iaJt Wat.eti Pollution Contiol Act (PL 84-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 EJU

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Production and Use of Activated Carbon for Water Renovation in
                  Kraft Pulp and Paper Mills

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  St. Regis  Paper Company           George R. Webster
  150 East 42nd Street             Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  New York,  New York  10017         Water Quality Research, EPA
                                  Washington, D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Jacksonville and Pensacola, Florida
              West Nyack, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30, 1969        Project Cost:  $1,461,562

Completion Date:   June 30, 1972   Federal Cost:    $878,472

Summary;

St.  Regis Paper Company proposes a program for the development  of  an economical
system for maximum water reuse in the  Kraft pulp and  paper industry as a means
of water pollution control and conservation.  This program is based on two
concepts.  The first  is an effluent treatment cycle using activated carbon and
the  second is on-site carbon production and activation from readily available
raw materials with full integration into the Kraft mill recovery and power
systems to achieve the lowest net cost of  activated carbon.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-26

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
U  4/iee-t cfe.4 c/t/tbe-4  bru.e.£ly a. giant unrfet Section
                                                     6 ( b)
                                                     6 (
                                                   eiirfed.
                                                _
fe.dc.icut Wdtei  Pollution Ccm&iol Act (PL &4-660) , OA omeiirfe

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 FKS

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Steam Stripping and Rectification of Kraft Pulp Mill Condensates
                  and Black Liquors
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
  Weyerhaeuser Company
  Longview, Washington   98632
                                 EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                   H.K. Willeird
                                   Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330
Project Site:  Longview, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1, 1970         Project  Cost:  $183,905

Completion  Date:  March 31, 1972   Federal  Cost:  $128,733

Summary;

A pilot-plant stripping unit will be designed  and built.   This will be installed
along with  auxilliary equipment for rectification and storage.  Runs will be
made using  decanter underflow, blow condensate, evaporator condensate, and black
liquor.  The stripping bottoms water will be tested and then sewered.  The overhead,
which forms two immiscible liquids when condensed, will be decanted, forming a
crude turpentine product and a water soluble organic layer.   This will be further
rectified and processed to evaluate the worth  of the products therein.  The main
objective is to determine on a large pilot-plan-: scale (50 gal/min. stripping
unit) the efficiency and effectiveness of a steam stripping-rectification unit
in reducing the volatile organic chemicals  in  Kraft process condensate streams.
This reduction is directly proportional to  the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
reduction that can be achieved by this process.  The mass transfer data provided
by this stripping and rectification equipment, along with the economics of any
by-products  derived, is necessary for further  decisions regarding full-scale
units.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIIS TO [PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                5-27

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tku  4/ice.t de,ic/icfae,i
a gfuint linden Secfx.on
                                                    6 (b)
                                               _
fedeidt Watei Poi&u&on Con&iol Act (PL 84-660), 0.4 'mended.

PRQJECT NUMBER:  12040 FES

TITLE OF PROJECT: Sludge Disposal and Material Recovery System for Manufacturers
                 of Coated and/or Filled Papers
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  S.D.  Warren Co.
  89 Cumberland Street
  Westbrook, Maine  04092
Project Site:  Westbrook, Maine

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 15, 1970

Completion Date:  June 30, 1971

Summary:
     EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
       Dr. Hend Gorchev
       Region I, EPA
       John F. Kennedy Federal Building
       Boston, Massachusetts  02203
     Project Cost:  $65,875

     Federal Cost:  $45,058
The-^objective of this proj'ect is' to evaluate the effectiveness  of a pyrolysis
process for the recovery and subsequent reuse of pigment from the dewatered
sludge of a paper mill primary waste treatment system.

The major project activities wpJLL include installation of a grit removal system,
production of three tons of recovered pigment in a pilot-plant  rotary kiln,
quality analysis of the recovered pigments, a paper production  run using the
recovered pigment, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of the total process.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-28

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 ftgSEMNGM. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t
                                   unde.i Section
                                               _ __
 Fe.dc.iat dlatci Pollution Contlol Act (PL B4-660] , oi amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 FUB

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Closure of  Water Use Loop in. NSSC Pulp and Paperboard Mill
                  Utilizing R-0 as a Unit  Operation
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Green  Bay Packaging, Inc.
  Post Office Box 1107
  Green  Bay, Wisconsin  54305
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Ralph. Scott
                              Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,  EPA
                              200 Southwest  35th. Street
                              Corvallis,  Oregon  97330
 Project Site:   Green Bay, Wisconsin

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: June 15, 1970         Project Cost:    $42,830

 Completion Date:December 15,  1971  Federal Cost:    $17,665

 Summary;

The objective of  this project  is to demonstrate the full-scale mill conditions
resulting from maximum closure of a pulp  and paperboard mill wastewater loop.
This pilot project required the development of reverse osmosis operating techniques
which were applicable to this  mill wastewater.  Several reverse osmosis vendors
operated proprietary equipment simultaneously arid continuously on  the same feed
to determine design criteria for the full-scale production facility.  The full
scale demonstration is funded  under project number 800520.
                   &OCRISS INQUIfillS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-29

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
      4/ieet  rfe-icAtfaei bfu.e.fily a giant unrfet Section 	6  (b)
         Mate*. Pollution Control Act [PL &4-660), af> amended.
 PROJECT NUMBER:   12040 FDE

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Treatment Plant for Flocculation and Microscreening of
                    Whitewater

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Esleeck Manufacturing Company      Edward J.  Conley
     and Strathmore Paper Company     Region I,  EPA
   Turner Falls, Massachusetts        John F. Kennedy Federal Building
                                    Boston, Massachusetts  02203

 Project Site:  Turners Falls, Massachusetts

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   June 24, 1970        Project Cost:  $605,400

 Completion Date:   June 24, 1972   Federal Cost:  $252,345

. Summary:

 The  objective of this grant is to investigate the applicability of microscreening
 of paper mill wastes from two paper mills that manufacture business,  technical
 and  other papers made from either rag or chemical wood  pulps to determine the
 removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids, color and turbidity.
 Tests will be run utilizing a coagulant or coagulant aid, such as a polyelectrolyte,
 for  the further removal of turbidity from the mocroscreener effluent.   Evaluations
 to determine the possibility of reclaiming fibers from  the microscreener sludge
 will be done.   Appropriate treatment processes,  such as centrifugation  or
 sedimentation, may enable the mills to economically recover lost fibers.

 Data will be obtained to determine design factors and estimates of the  cost
 of construction and operation of such a facility.  The  cost of operation will
 be correlated with the retail market value of the product.  Also, the study
 will conduct tests on a ultra-filter supplied free of charge by the EPA.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                5-30

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ieet dtecfribu
a. gfucwt widei Sectton
                                                    6 (b)
                                              _
       Wate*. Pollution Control Ac£ (PL  84-660) ,  en, amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 GLV

TITLE OF PROJECT: Delineation of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  WAPORA, Inc.
  1725 DeSales St., N.W.
  Washington, B.C.
     EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
       George R.. Webster
       Industrial Pollution Control Branch
       Water Quality Research, EPA
       Washington D.C.  20460
Project Site:  Washington, D.C.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: December 30, 1970      Project Cost:   $70,940

Completion Date:September 30, 1971 Federal Cost:   $70,940

Summary;

The objective of this contract is to define the standard manufacturing processes
(SMP) used in the industry, the standard raw waste loads (SRWL) generated
(by components) per unit of raw material consumed or product produced, the
base level effluent attainable on the basis of the commonly applied waste
treatment technology and typical treatment efficiency, and the currently best
available effluent attainable on the basis of the best demonstrated waste
treatment technology.  From this information criteria for determining effluent
standards is to be developed.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-31

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     -4/iee.t dc-icA-cfae,i buL^^ty a. giant unrfe.t Sectum 	6 (b)
Fe.de.io£ Wo,te* P0££ott0it Control Ac£ (PL &4-660),  0.4 omenrferf.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 HAR

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Delineation of Paperboard, Building Paper, and Board Mill
                  Industry Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  WAPORA, Inc.                    George R.  Webster
  1725 DeSales St., N.W.           Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  Washington, D.C.                 Water Quality Research,  EPA
                                 Washington D.C.  20460

Project Site:  Washington, D.C.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 30, 1970    Project Cost:  $45,322

Completion Date:  September 30, 1971 Federal Cost:  $45,322

Summary;

The objective of  this contract is to define the standard manufacturing processes
(SMP) used in the industry,  the standard raw waste loads (SRWL) generated
(by components) per unit of  raw material consumed or product produced, the
base level effluent attainable on the  basis of the commonly applied waste
treatment technology and typical treatment efficiency, and the currently best
available effluent  attainable  on the basis of the best demonstrated waste
treatment technology.  From  this information criteria for determining effluent
standards is to be  developed.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-32

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IN FORM A TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/iee.t deicA^be* bfu.e.&ly a giant undai Se.cti.on 	6  (b)     ,
fe.dc.ial Wate.fi Pollution Control Act (PL  &4-660),  a&~ame.nde.d.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 HDU

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Mercury Recovery from Sediraents and  Sludges


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:'            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Georgia-Pacific Corporation        Ralph Scott
  P.O. Box 1236                     Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Bellingham, Washington  98225      200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Bellingham, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30,  1971         Project Cost:   $506,800

Completion Date:  July 1, 1973     Federal Cost:   $227,620

Summary:

A major unsolved problem is the recovery of mercury from brine process  sludge,
or mercury-containing sediment, to prevent reentry of mercury into the  environ-
ment following land disposal.  The object of this project would be to develop,
compare, select, and install such a system.

Initially, several processes for the recovery of mercury from brine process
sludge  will be evaluated to determine:

    1.   Efficiency of treatment.
    2.   Losses and residual mercury after treatment.
    3.   Susceptibility to automation.
    4.   Sensitivity to operating parameters.
    5.   Testing and control requirements.
    6.   Capital and operating costs.

Following approval of final design, the optima], system will be installed,
debugged, and operating parameters reassessed to  determine conditions of
maximum efficiency.   An operator instruction manual will be prepared and
use-tested.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                5-33

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-U  4/iee.t dti c/ttfae.i bru.e.fat.y a gMint undc.fi Secfcuw _
       Watc/i Poiluti.on Con&iol Acxt (PL &4-660) ,  cu> amended.
                                                    6  (b)
PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 GQD

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Coliform Growth and Control in Aerated Stabilization
                  Basins

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:  '
  Crown Zellerbach Corporation      Ralph Scott
  #1 Bush Street                   Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  San Francisco, California  94119   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon 97330

Project Site: Lebanon, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 1, 1971        Project Cost:   $201,877

Completion Date: December 31 , 1972 Federal Cost:    $95,568

Summary;

Crown Zellerbach Corporation, together with the Oregon State Department of
Environmental Quality and the Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory of EPA,
will study the growth and control of coliform organisms in a full (total
mill  effluent)  scale aerated stabilization basin treating weak sulfite
waste liquor and paper machine "Whitewaters."  Production and treatment
system manipulations, together with treated effluent disinfection by various
agents, will be utilized to obtain the highest possible BOD removal and
the lowest levels of coliform growth rate and densities.
                  ADDRISS INQUIRIIS TO [PA PROJECT OFFICER

                               5-34

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tce-t fte.4cttbe.4  bfu.e.^iy a. giant ande.fi Section    5 Research.  >
Fe.dc.fiat Wdteti Pottu£ion Contact Ac*  (PL 84-660], CIA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12040 HPK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Organic Compounds in. Pulp Mill Lagoon. Discharge"


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 University of Washington           Dr. Larry Keith
 Seattle, Washington  98105         Southeast Water Laboratory
                                  College Station Rd.
                                  Athens, Georgia  30601

Project Site:  Seattle, Washington  98105

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: September 1, 1971     Project Cost:  $35,302

Completion Date: August 31, 1972  Federal Cost:  $31,772.

Summary:

     This project will qualitatively identify and quantitatively measure  the
organic compounds entering and leaving Kraft pulp mill aerated lagoons.   Waste
water samples will be collected from both Kraft bleached and unbleached processes
and analyzed by a gas chromatographmass'spectrometer, thin layer chromatography,
carbon adsorption, IR, UV, NMR and total organic carbon analysis.  The effect of
wood species and biological treatment on chemical compounds will be studied
to determine which compounds are destroyed and which are either produced  or
unchanges in the treatment process.  The origin of unchanged components in the
process will be determined with the aim of defining possible control points
within the process.
                   ADORtSS INQUIRItS TO IPA PROJECT OFFIICiR
                               5-35

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        EH VIROHMEH TAL PRO TEC TIOH A GEHC Y
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMfHT OQ DEMOHSTRATIOH PROJECT
Th-U 4/ice-t deicA-tbei b/tte^t/ a giant unrfel Section  6 (b)   	,
fe.dc.iat bkitei Poltu&on Contiol Ac£ (PL &4-660],  a* omewrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   S 800261

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Ultrafiltration Processes,  for  Color Removal  from
                Kraft Mill Effluents"

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Champion Papers Division  of U.S. Mr.  Edmond Lomasney
 Plywood-Champion Papers  Inc.     EPA Region IV
Knightsbridge  Drive              Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Hamilton,  Ohio 45020

Project Site:     Canton, North  Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date: February 1,  1972

Completion Date:
          January 31,  1973
Summary:
Project Cost:  $152,155

Federal Cost:  $  99,096
      This project will determine  the  technical  feasibility and
economic attractiveness of  the  ultrafiltration process  for color
removal from first stage caustic  extraction  filtrate  generated
in the bleaching of Kraft wood  pulp.   Treatment  of  decker effluent
the second most important source  of  color  in  the mill effluent,
will also be included.   Another important  objective of  the project
will be to demonstrate  the  potential  of  the  treated effluent
for reuse within the mill.   Phase  I  of the  project  will  involve
on-site operation of a  10,000  gpd  membrane  unit.  Information
will also be used to develop design  criteria  for a  full  scale
demonstration plant, Phase  II.   Additional  studies  will  determine
requirements for feed filtration  prior to  ultrafiltrat ion and
incineration of the final concentrate  produced by ultrafiltration.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             5-36

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IN FORM A TION SHEET ^tXEA]
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/tee.t rfeict-cfaei bfu.e.£ly a giant undc.fi Section 5
fc.dc.lat Watei Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660}, a.*~~am<>ndc.d.

PROJECT NUMBER:   S 800853

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Chemical and Physical Nature of  Color  Bodies in Kraft
                Mill Effluents Before and After  Lime  Treatment"

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Institute  of Paper  Chemistry   Dr. James D.  Gallup
Appleton,  Wisconsin 54911      Paper and Food Products  Industries Sec.
                              Office of Research and Monitoring
                              Washington, D.C.  20460

Project Site:  Appleton, Wisconsin

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  Jan.  1,  1972       Project Cost:   $142,177

Completion Date:   June 30, 1972 Federal Cost:   $ 99,524

Summary:
      Effluents  from Kraft pulping operations darken  the  color
 of the receiving stream, contribute to  its  biochemical oxygen
 demand, and increase the solids content of  the  stream.   New
 Federal and State  water standards will  require  removal of such
 materials  from  mill effluents.  Demonstration grants on  lime
 treatments at  three Kraft mill sites have shown  that lime pre-
 cipitation removes  certain of the solid constitutents.

      The  objectives of this continued project are  to determine
 the chemical and physical nature of color bodies which are not
 removed by massive and stoichiometric 1ime  treatments, to establish
 conditions for  improved lime treatments, and to  evaluate and
 optimize  treatment  combinations to obtain a product  water suitable
 for reuse.   This investigation should provide quantitative data
 to fully  evaluate  the effects and advantages of  stoiciometric
 lime  treatment, massive lime treatment  and  improved  lime treatment
 techniques.
                 ADDRISS INQUIRItS TO IPA PHOJICT OFFICER
                             5-37

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/tee.t de.ic/u.be.5 biA.e.&ly a giant ande.1 Section  6(b)         ,
fe.dc.lal Wo-teA Pollution Con&iot Act (PL B4-660],  an, amendtd.

PROJECT NUMBER:   S 801207

TITLE OF PROJECT: "Treatment  of  Sulfite Evaporator  Condensates  for
               Recovery of Volatile Components"

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
The Institute  of Paper Chemistry   Dr.  James  D. Gallup
P.O. Box 1048                      Environmental  Protection Agency
Appleton,  Wisconsin 54911          Xerox  Building
                                  1901 Ft.  Myer  Drive
                                  Washington, D.C.  20460
Project Site:   Appleton, Wisconsin

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   May 1, 1972      Project Cost:  $150,000

Completion Date: April 30, 1973  Federal Cost:  $  40,000

Summary:

     The primary objective of this  twelve month  program is to evaluate
 a proposed steam stripping and activated carbon process  to  remove
 BOD causing volatiles from sulfite pulp  liquor  evaporation  con-
 densates.   Studies will  also be  directed toward determining the
 economic  feasibility of  a full scale  installation  with due  considera-
 tion provided the economic return  from  by-product  recovery.  The
 result of  the successful  application  of  this process will produce
 commercial values of mythyl  and  thyl  alcohol, ethyl acetate, and
 furfural.   The process will  also  produce high grade water suitable
 for recycle or boiler water, and  control in-plant  of a major fraction
 of BOD causing organics  now  escaping  in  the form of condensates from
 the efforts at recovery  of spent  sulfite pulping liquors.
                ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             5-38

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice-t 
-------
 IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Th-iA 4/iect rfe,icAtfae,4 biizfaty a giant ando.fi Sc.etx.cw
 fe.dc.-iai (tldt.ei PoiluuU.on Cqntnoi Ac£ (PL B4-660], ai>~
                      )                •  '

 PROJECT NUMBER:  800520

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  "closed  Process Water-Loop in NSSC Pulp Production"


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           "PA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Green  Bay  Packaging  Inc.     ..Ralph H. Scott
 P.O.  Box  1107                 EPA - Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
 Green  Bay,  Wisconsin  54305    200 Southwest 35th Street
                              Corvallis, Oregon 97330

 Project Site: Green  Bay, Wisconsin

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: March  1,  1972       Project Cost: $626,820

 Completion Date: Nov>  30j 1974   Federal Cost: $300,430

.Summary:

      The  primary objective of this project; is to achieve the maxi-
 mum  closure of the  process water-loop in an integrated neutral sulfite
 semichemical,  (NSSC)  pulp and  paperboard mill.  Contaiminated process
 water  will  be  recycled for direct reuse.  Excess surge volumes occur-
 ring  during process  upsets will be processed in a reverse osmosis
 plant  to  separate  dissolved  constituents from the process water.
 This  permeate  will  be recycled and the  separated solids will be
 destroyed  in  the fluid bed combustion system.  Another objective
 of  the project is  to  demonstrate the techniques required to stabilize
 operations  and control ambient conditions in a tightly closed NSSC
 system.

      The  result  of  this  project will be the first detailed description
 of  activities  required to accomplish a  closed process water-loop .in
 a NSSC pulp and  paperboard mill.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              5-40

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC Y
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                        a. Qin.nt undei Section 6(b)
 Fede.to£ Wdten Pottution Can&iol Aot (PL 84-660), ad amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  S 801206

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Water  Reuse  in  a Paper Reprocessing Plant"
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Big Chief Roofing  Company
P. 0.  Box 908
Ardmore,  Oklahoma  73401
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Mr. James Gallup
EPA
Washington, B.C.
Project Site:   Ardmore,  Oklahoma
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date:
Completion Date:

Summary:
Project Cost:  $120,709

Federal Cost:  $ 45,063
     This project  is  concerned with the treatment of paper reprocessing
waste water in a  facility  designed for water reuse.  Economic
feasibility of waste  water  recycle and various treatment alternatives
are determined from  laboratory and full scale tests.  Studies will
determine the effect  of  recycle on product quality; predict increases
in operating costs resulting  from increased corrosion rates,  scale
formation,  clime  growths and  deposits; determine savings from decreased
waste treatment costs;  fiber  losses, and water use; and determine
increases in chemical costs for slime control and corrosion inhibition.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              5-41

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         PPB 12050






PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS

-------
                                 PPB 12050

                        PETROLEUM AND GOAL PRODUCTS
The petroleum refining industry is by far the largest water user in this sub-
program element.  The industry uses 20 billion gallons of water per day or
20 per cent of total industrial water usage.  Approximately 0.25 billion gallons
per day are used in processing operations.  Many distinct operations such as
crude oil distillation, reforming, catalylic cracking, thermal cracking,
polymerization, alkalation, gasoline and middle distillate treating, motor oil
manufacturing, etc. are utilized.  Foul condensate is usually pretreated at
the source but, for the most part, refiners depend on central waste treatment
facilities for pollution control.  Oil separation and recovery, followed by
biological conversion of phenols, sulfides, etc., are the treatment techniques
most frequently employed.  Greater emphasis on more effective treatment, waste
treatment at the source, product recovery, water reuse, and development of
treatment methods requiring less land areas is needed.  The map on p. 6-7
indicates the major areas of petroleum refining activity in the United States.

Over 500 million tons per year of coal are obtained by strip and deep mining
operations in the United States.  Approximately one-half of this output is
consumed by the utility and steel industries.  Over 80 per cent of the coal
is cleaned and classified by using water as the cleaning medium prior to marketing.
Among the most troublesome wastes from coal processing and use are coal fines,
sulfur dioxide, phenols, ammonia, and thermally polluted waters.  For EPA
R&M Program administration purposes, mine drainage problems are assigned to
subprogram PPB 1401 Mine Drainage, thermal pollution problems are assigned to
PPB 1603 Thermal Pollution, and wastes from coal-coking operations are assigned
to PPB 1201 Metal and Metal Products since the majority of coal coking is
accomplished as an integral part of steel mill operations.  The map on p. 6-8
indicates the location of coal tar products plants in the United States.
                                  6-1

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             PROJECT INDEX

PPB 12050 - PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS
12050
DIT
DKF
DXR
DRC
EKT
DSH
DHL
EZG
GQR
GTR
GXF
Grantee or Contractor
Texas A&M Research Foundation
University of Oklahoma Research Institute
Harvard University
Illinois Institute of Technology
American Oil Company
American Petroleum Institute
American Oil Company
Shell Oil Company
American Oil Company
Atlantic Richfield Company
B.P. Oil Corporation
Project
Status*
D
B
D
A
A
A
C
B
C
C
C
Page
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
                 6-3
                   *Project Status:
                      A - Completed, Final Report Available
                      B - Final Report in Preparation
                      C - Work Continuing
                      D - Project Terminated

-------
                      FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

             PPB 12050 - Petroleum and Coal Products

Report Number       Title/Author
12050 DSH 03/71
12050 EKT 03/71
12050 DRC 11/71
                                        Source
The Impact of Oily Materials on         GPO - $1.25
Activated Sludge Systems, Hydroscience,
Inc., Westwood, New Jersey.
Fluid-Bed Incineration of Petroleum
Refinery Wastes, American Oil Company,
Mandan, North Dakota.
GPO - $1.50
Experimental Evaluation of Fibrous      GPO - $1.75
Bed Coaleascers for Separating Oil-
Water Emulsions, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Illinois Institute
of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.
                                     6-5

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LOCATION OF MAJOR Pt^^rlEUM REFINERIES

-------
                                  LOCATION OF INTERMEDIATE    ^, TAR PRODUCTS PLANTS
00

-------
IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA  4/ice.t de.icAtfae-4 bru.e.£ly a gteint undei Seat-ton    5 Research
Fe.de.lcLt Wa-ten PolfjuuUon Ccmtnol Ac-t (PL £4-660),  OA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 BIT

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Metal Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation of Phenols and Aromatic Amines
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Texas A&M Research Foundation     George Rey
                                 Industrial. Pollution Control Branch
                                 Water Quality Research, EPA
                                 Washington, D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Texas A&M

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: September 1, 196?    Project Cost:  $234,000

Completion Date:  August 31, 1972  Federal Cost:  $40,265

Summary;

A study of the mechanism and feasibility of the metal ion-catalyzed oxidation
of phenols and aromatic  amines by molecular oxygen in wastewater systems partially
treated with potassium permanganate was undertaken in this project.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFI'ICER

                              6-9

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U AkdZ-t  deicAcbei bfu.e.£iy a. gfifint unde.fi Section    5 Research
fe.dc.fiaf. Wat.en PolluuU.on Control Ac-t [PL $4-660}, at> amzudad.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12050 DKF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   State-of-the-Art  Evaluation on Petroleum and Coal Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   University of Oklahoma Research   Leon Myers
    Institute                      R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
   1808 Newton Drive                P.O. Box 1198
   Norman, Oklahoma 73069           Ada, Oklahoma 74820

Project Site:   Norman, Oklahoma

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   October  15, 1968     Project Cost:   $17,897

Completion Date:  April 15, 1970   Federal Cost:   $14,297

Summary;

The final report to this study presents a state-of-the-art evaluation of
pollution problems, abatement procedures, and control  techniques relevant to
the petroleum and coal industries.   Petroleum wastes are discussed under three
broad sections:   drilling-production, transportation and storage, and refining.
The results of a field study of three small refineries are reported, providing
additional information which delineates the characteristics of waste streams
from individual  processes withing the refinery.

Coal mining,  coal processing, and coal utilization, the wastes associated with
each, and the corresponding control  measures are discussed.  Acid mine drainage,
the most significant pollution problem from coal mining, and possible control
measures are  presented.  The major pollution problems  associated with coal
processing originate from coal cleaning, the coking process, and refuse disposal.
The principal pollutants in water discharged from the  processing of coal are
suspended solids usually in the form of fine clay, black shale, and other
minerals commonly associated with coal.  The production of coke by carbonization
of coal produces a wastewater that is high in phenols, ammonia, and dissolved
organics.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO (PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                6-10

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-u 4/iee.t de,icA,tbe.i blLzfaty a giant undc.fi Sec.ti.on    5 Research
fe.dc.fLdi (JlatcfL  Poitu,t amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 DXR

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Oil Dispersion Coalescence by Porous Solid Contact


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  President & Fellows of Harvard    Richard Keppler
    College                        Region I, EPA
  Office of Research Contracts      John F. Kennedy Fed. Bldg. Rm. 2303
  1350 Massachusetts Avenue         Boston, Massachusetts  02203
  Cambridge, Massachusetts  02138
Project Site:  Cambridge, Massachusetts

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 1, 1970      Project Cost:   $16,157

Completion Date:  July 31, 1971   Federal Cost:   $15,349

Summary;

The first year-report describes progress toward completion of a laboratory
experimental and theoretical investigation of oil dispersion separation by
filtration through packed beds.  The end results of this study should be important
to process design for treatment of waste aqueous oil dispersions such as those
produced in industrial processing and ship ballast discharge.

Equations which define relevant measurables are presented.  These equations
should permit scaling to practical conditions from small-scale studies.

An apparatus for measuring the coefficients characterizing oil drop capture
and flow pressure drops has been constructed.  Though the test section works,
this device needs modification to incorporate x-ray absorption to monitor
in situ the held-up oil as well as an oil homogenizer for continual dispersal
and recirculation before extensive measurements can be made.  A separate
apparatus for measuring capillary pressure is now operative.

Computer calculations of filter coefficients for initial drop capture are
presented.  These should be useful for eventual data correlation.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                6-n

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t cte-ic/u-fae^ biLe-fity a giant unde.1 Section 5 Demonstration,
Fe.dc.iaJt Motel Pollution Control Ac* (PL £4-660), ai amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 DEC

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Efficiency of Fibrous Bed Coalescers


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Chemical            Clifford Risley
    Engineering                     Region V, EPA
  Illinois Institute of Technology   1 North Wacker Drive
  Chicago, Illinois  606l6          Chicago, Illinois  60606

Project Site:  Chicago, Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: June 1, 1970          Project Cost:  $41,665.00  (2nd year)

Completion Date:  June 1, 1971      Federal Cost:  $34,998.60  (2nd year)

Summary;

A 1 sq. ft. coalescer unit using filter press construction has been designed
for removing dispersed oil from water and has been tested on both a synthetic
stream and an actual  pollutant stream.  The oil removal efficiency was essentially
100 per cent at a superficial velocity of 1 fpm.  The present design is suitable
for large-scale operation by the use of both multiple cells and larger individual
cells.

The performance of fiber glass coalescers was studied in depth using a cell
with an active area of 1-77 sq. in.  The commercial fibers, with phenol
formaldehyde coatings and a fiber diameter of 3.%*., gave efficiencies of  90-99
per cent with bed densities of 12 lb./ft.-* when operating at superficial
velocities from 0.2 to 4 fpm on emulsions containing 50-500 ppm of oil.   In
all cases the pressure drop increased continually with run time due to both
accumulation of oil in the bed and mechanical degradation of the fibers.
Preliminary tests indicated that the bed degradation phenomenon could be
eliminated by structurally stabilizing the compressed fibers with methacrylate
resin.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO [PA PROJECT OFFICER

                               6-12

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-iA 4/iee.t  de-ic/u.be-4 blindly a giant imdo.1 Section 	6 (b)	,
Fe.dc.iaJL Watei Pollution  Contiol Ac£ (PL S4-660), a.* omenrferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 EKT

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Fluid Bed Incineration of Petroleum  Refinery Wastes


GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  American Oil  Company             Otmar Olson
  910 S. Michigan Avenue           Region VII, EPA
  Chicago, Illinois  60680         911 Walnut Street
                                  Kansas City, Missouri  64106

Project Site:   Mandan, North Dakota

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   February 1, 1968     Project Cost:   $354,530

Completion  Date: December 1, 1970   Federal Cost:   $170,265

Summary:

The  applicability of the fluid bed incineration process for the  disposal of
petroleum refinery generated spent caustic and oily sludge in a  commercial-
scale unit  has been demonstrated under this project.  Operating  problems have
been studied.  Design and operating procedural changes are suggested in the final
report.

The  major process limitation stems from the loss of bed fluidity due to high
particle size growth rate.  Particle size growth rate is directly proportional
to the particle diameter and rate  of dissolved solid material charged and
inversely proportional to the mass of material in the bed.   The  average particle
diameter can be controlled by (l)  collecting and continuously returning fine
material to the bed, (2) utilizing an effective attriting system, and (3) limiting
superficial space velocity to avoid elutriation of fines.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRItS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               6-13

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-ti 4/tee.t  deic^cbe-i btiitfily a. gtiant undet Station      6 (b)
        WO.&A Pollution Control Act (PL  S4-660), OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 DSH

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Improved Capabilities of Biological Systems to Assimilate
                  Oil

GMNTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  American Petroleum Institute       Paul Lefcourt
  Air and Water  Conservation        Hudson-Delaware Basins Office,  EPA
  1801 K Street, N.W.               Edison, New Jersey  0881?
  Washington, D.C.  20006

Project Site:  New York, New York

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 20, 1968        Project  Cost:  $84,990

Completion Date: December 1, 1969  Federal  Cost:  $51,470

Summary;

Small-scale, continuous activated sludge systems were exposed to a variety of
oily compounds at several loading levels and the system performance was observed
Batch studies to determine the biodegradability of the oily compounds, and the
effects of emulsification and temperature on the rate of biological reaction
were also conducted.

As a result  of this study, it was found that oils introduced into an activated
sludge system are absorbed on the floe and  are very slowly degraded.  If
the loading  rate is higher than the degradation rate or the rate of wastage,
the oil accumulates on the sludge.  The accumulation causes a loss of density
and then a loss of acceptable sludge settling characteristics.  The biological
system fails due to the loss of floe, but it is important to note that the
ability of the biological system to remove  other substrates is not inhibited
by the presence of oil compounds until excessive loss of MLSS has occurred.
The continuous feed level of oils to activated sludge should not exceed 0.10
pounds per day per pound of sludge under aeration.  Shock loads should not
exceed 5 per cent of the weight of the sludge under aeration.

The study also considered separation of oils before biological treatment and
various chemical methods of handling complex cases.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                6-14

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVEIOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t de-icAibei btu.e.&t.y a. Qia.nt unrfei Section
                                                    6 (b)
Fe.de.tal Mate*. Pottuition Control Act  (PL &4-660) , OJ> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 DHL
TITLE OF PROJECT:
             Treatment of Refinery Effluent by  a Unique Combination of
             Biological and Chemical Processes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  American Oil Company
  910 South  Michigan Avenue
  Chicago, Illinois
Project Site;  Whiting, Indiana
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Clifford Risley
                              Region V, EPA
                              1 North Wacker Drive
                              Chicago, Illinois   60606
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 19, 1969     Project Cost:

Completion Date; August 31,  1971  Federal Cost:

Summary;
                                          $1,737,775

                                            $336,535
A 30-mgd scale project to demonstrate the advantages of using chemical
coagulation and air flotation following biological conditioning to provide
refinery effluent of high quality will be undertaken to establish what
operating flexibilities exist in such a combination of processes and the costs
associated therewith.  Evaluation of a number of unique design features, including
a hitherto unproven process for disposal of oily sludges, a unique and low-cost
method for preventing sludge deposition in an aerated lagoon, a novel application
of rotary-drum skimmers and a comparative study of alternate design features
for air flotation, will be also made.
                        twauiaiss TO EPA PROJECT ounces
                                6-15

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.lb  4/ieet
blindly a gtmnt unde.fi Section
                                                     6  (b)
        Wate.fi Pollution Control Act  (PL 84-660], 04 omecirferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 EZG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Demonstration of Oily Waste Disposal by Soil Cultivation
                  Process
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Shell Oil Company
  P.O. Box 100
  Deer Park, Texas  77536
Project Site:   Deer Park, Texas

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: March 18, 1970
             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
              Leon Myers
              R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
              P.O. Box 1198
              Ada, Oklahoma  74820
            Project Cost:  $100,000
Completion Date:January 17, 1972  Federal Cost:

Summary;
                           $70,000
The project will consist of a series of experiments on the treatment of oily
sludges  (crude tank bottoms, Bunker C, intermediate wax oils) by spreading and
cultivation into soil under prevailing climatic conditions.  Nine test plots will
be operated at specific nutrient addition levels.  The objectives will be to
determine:

     1.  Decomposition rates of various types of oily waste sludges.
     2.  Effectiveness of adding nutrient supplements.                       :
     3-  Major microbiological species active in the soil.
     4.  Cost of the process for the disposal of oily waste.
     5.  Depth of oil penetration into the soil.

The demonstration phase will  follow a six-month pilot phase for optimization
of waste loading rates and nutrient addition.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               6-17

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Th-U  -6/tee.t dticAcbe.4  bfu,e.&ty a gfuwt u.ndc.1 Section 	6 (b)
 fe.de.fiat Wdten. Pottu£iun Confriot hct  (PL 84-660], 0.4 amended.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 GQR
 TITLE OF PROJECT:
Final  Purification of Aerated Lagoon Effluent by Chemical
Coagulation - Mixed Media Filtration
 GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
   American Oil Company
   910 S. Michigan Avenue
   Chicago, Illinois  60680
 Project Site:  Yorktown, Virginia

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award  Date:  July 1, 1971
               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                Leon Myers
                R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
                P.O. Box 1198
                Ada, Oklahoma  74820
               Project Cost:   $225,750
 Completion Date:   June 1, 1972    Federal Cost:   $73,815

. Summary:

 The project is for the full-scale  (1.5 mgd) treatment of the petroleum
 refinery's aerated lagoon effluent.  The chemical coagulation mixed media
 filter system will perform as a polishing facility for final clarification and
 purification to produce a consistent water quality effluent with the normal
 expectations of tertiary treatment.

 The work encompasses  six major efforts summarized as:

     1.  Design and construction.
     2.  Process demonstration.
     3.  Determination of process efficiency and phase separation costs.
     4.  Economic comparison with air flotation.
     5.  Establishment of process reliability.
     6.  Determination of capital and operating costs for full-scale treatment.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                6-18

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC Y
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Th-U 4/iee-t  deic^cbe-i biizfily a. giant undet. Section 	6 (b)     ,
 fe.dc.tLal (date*. Pollution Control Act (PL Z4-660),  0.4 amended-.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12050  GTR

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Refinery Effluent Water Treatment Plant (Calgon Filtrasorb
                   System)

 GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Atlantic Richfield Company        Leon Myers
   260 Broad Street                  R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
   Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101   P.O. Box 1198
                                   Ada, Oklahoma  74820

 Project Site:   Wilmington, California

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: July 1, 1971           Project Cost:   $1,159,584

 Completion  Date: January 5,  1973   Federal Cost:     $274,719

.Summary;

 This project will demonstrate and evaluate the effectiveness  and economics
 of a non-biological system (activated carbon)  for periodic treatment of
 refinery process and storm water runoff.  The  system is designed to relieve
 the hydraulic and waste loading of  a municipal system, normally used for
 joint treatment during  dry weather  conditions, during peak flow storm periods.

 The system is a parallel downflow granular activated carbon system, including
 carbon  regenerations designed to directly treat 4-2 mgd of wastewater,
 reducing the chemical oxygen demand over 90 per cent to an effluent value
 less than 40 mg/1.   In  addition the effluent water quality resulting will be
 in compliance with  the  effluent quality regulations imposed by the California
 Water Quality Board for the Dominguez Channel.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                6-19

-------
 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Th.ii> -6/iee.t de.icAtbe.4  bfiLafaly a giant ande.fi Section 	6  (b)    ,
 Fe.dc.fiat Watex. Pottuution  Con&iot Act (PL  84-660], a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12050 GXF

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Oil Refinery Wastewaters for Reuse Using a
                   Sand  Filter-Activated Carbon System

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   B.P.  Oil Corporation              Leon Myers
   P.O.  Box 428                      R.S. Kerr Water Research Center,  EPA
   Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania  19061   p.o. Box 1198
                                    Ada, Oklahoma  74820

 Project Site:  Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   July 1, 1971         Project Cost:  $2,625,240

 Completion Date:  July 1, 1974    Federal Cost:    $350,000

. Summary:

 Project objectives  include:

      1.  Demonstration of the unique application of sand filtration  followed by
         activated  carbon adsorption for total treatment of refinery wastewaters.
      2.  Demonstration of the use of two-stage centrifugation for sludge dewatering
         and oil recovery from the centrate.
      3.  Investigation of the practicality of the reuse of treated effluent
         within the refinery.
      4-  Collection of reliable operating data from full-scale facilities
         including capital and operating costs of treatment facilities.
      5.  Investigation of the reuse of treated effluent for cooling  tower and
         boiler feed  water makeup.

 The  project plan will  be to design, construct, and operate a refinery  wastewater
 treatment facilities  consisting of sand  filtration and activated carbon adsorption.
 The  design is to be based on information gathered during prior pilot-scale
 evaluation of sand filter-activated carbon system.   The project will demonstrate
 the  feasibility of use of sand filter-activated carbon system for treatment of
 refinery wastewaters  as an alternate to  the conventional biological  treatment.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                6-20

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        PPB 12060






FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

-------
                                PPB 12060

                        FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
Activities under this subprogram element encompass those industries dealing
with the processing of products for ultimate human or animal consumption.
It is estimated that the wastes generated by this industry, comprising some
32,000 related companies, represent 21 per cent of the total national
manufacturing pollutional load.  The industry has been broken down into
sub-categories along the guidelines of the Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) Manual.  These encompassed categories include:  (1)  Meat products,
(2)  Dairy products, (3)  Canned and frozen foods, (4)  Grain mill products,
(5)  Bakery products,  (6)  Sugar, (7)  Beverage industries (non-alcoholic),
(8)  Candy and related products, and (9)  Miscellaneous foods and kindred
products (coffee,  edible oils, animal fats and oils, etc.).

The diversity in processing operation, volume., and the seasonal nature of
this grouping causes extreme variation in BOD,., COD, suspended and dissolved
solids, pH, etc. in the resultant organic waste streams.  The geographical
expanse and systems dissimilarity of this program element is partially indicated
by the attached national map.

The program's goal is to assist the various sub-industries in the development
of design, operational, and economic technology to create novel or improved
pollution abatement systems.  This program mission, of a closed-loop industrial
system, will be met by the proper combination of in-plant water conservation,
pretreatment, and chemical, physical, and biological wastewater management
systems.  This would ultimately result in the total process water reuse and
in-plant recovery of valuable products (or by-products).

There are 33 grants presently ongoing with 25 projects completed with final
reports issued.  Through FY 72 the total of EPA funding was $8.0 million in
the total project costs of $21.0 million.
                                   7-1

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       PPB
        PROJECT INDEX

12060 - FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS
12060
WPD 93
WP 1486
FDR
DSI
EHS
EDK
ECF
ECU
FQE
FTC
WPRD 38
EUB
FAK
EZP
FAD
EHV
EHT
Project
Grantee or Contractor Status*
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
University of Washington
University of Puerto Rico
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
Melbourne Water Science Institute
National Canners Association Research
Foundation
Oregon State University
Ohio State University Research
Foundat ion
National Canners Association
Resource Engineering Associates
Minute Maid Company
John Morrell and Company
Beet Sugar Development Foundation
FMC Corporation
Snokist Growers
The R.T. French Company
North Star Research and Development
B
A
D
A
B
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
Pa&e
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-20
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-24
7-25
7-26
7-27
             Institute

EZY          Winter Garden Citrus  Products
             Cooperative

EHU          National Canners Association
             Research Foundation

WPRD 3       RAI Research Corporation

WPRD 151     National Canners Association
             Research Foundation
                                          B

                                         A
7-28


7-29


7-30

7-31
                         7-3

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12060
DQV
DPE
DSB
DFF
DEQ
EAE
DXF
EDZ
EGV
EIG
EKQ
EOF
FDS
DXL
EUZ
FJK
FMF
FLL
FRW
FUR
GPP
ESC
FYG
HFY

Pro j ect
Grantee or Contractor Status*
Swift and Company
Corn Products Company
University of Oklahoma Research
Institute
Farmbes t , Inc .
Dairy Research and Development
Corporation
National Canners Association
Research Foundation
Crowley's Milk Company, Inc. (Phase I A)
Green Giant Company
Gold Kist Poultry Division
Western Potato Service, Inc.
Kent Cheese Company
Illinois Packing Company
Beefland International, Inc.
National Canners Association
Research Foundation
Widmer's Wine Cellars, Inc.
Ebinger Baking Company
Iowa Beef Packers, Inc.
American Distilling Company
Tabor City Foods, Inc.
Central Soya Company, Inc.
W.E. Reeves Packinghouse
American Crystal Sugar Company
Maryland State Department of Health
Del Monte Corporation
7-4
B
C
A
B
C
B
C
B
B
B
A
D
A
B
B
D
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A

Pag'e
>
7-3-2
7-33
7-34
7-35
7-36
7-37
7-38
7-39
7-40
7-41
7-42
7-43
7-44
7-45
7-46
7-47
7-48
7-49
7-50
7-51
7-52
7-53
7-54
7-55


-------
-12060
PAV
HRR
800747
HCW

HPC
HVQ

801007

800904

800250


800930

S800935

FDK
                                                  Pro j ect
                                                  Status*
Grantee or Contractor               	

National Canners Association
Research Foundation                     B

Amber Labs Div., Milbrew,  Inc.          ^

Anheuser Busch Inc.                     C

California Department of Agriculture,
Wine Advisory Board                     C

Oklahoma State University               C

Oregon State University                 C

American Shrimp Canners Association     C

National Canners Association
Research Foundation                     C

Pacific Egg and Poultry Association     C

Bacardi Corporation                     C

Archer Daniels Midland Company               B
Page
                                                               7-56

                                                               7-57

                                                               7-58


                                                               7-59

                                                               7-60

                                                               7-61

                                                               7-62


                                                               7-63

                                                               7-64

                                                               7-65

                                                               7-66
*Project Status :
A - Completed,  Final  Report  Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated
                         7-5

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                       FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
              PPB 12060 - FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

Report Number       Title/Author

12060 	 03/68     Aerated Lagoon Treatment of Food
                    Processing Wastes, Kenneth A. Dostal,
                    Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,
                    EPA, Corvallis, Oregon.
12060 — 07/69
12060	10/69
12060 FAD 10/69
 12060 — 04/70
 12060  ECF  04/70
 12060  EHT  07/70
 12060 	 08/70
 12060 EZP 09/70
                    Secondary  Treatment  of  Potato  Pro-
                    cessing Wastes,  Kenneth A  Dostal,
                    Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,
                    EPA,  Corvallis,  Oregon.

                    Current Practice in  Potato Pro-
                    cessing Waste Treatment, University
                    of Washington,  Seattle,  Washington.

                    Aerobic Treatment of Fruit Pro-
                    cessing Wastes,  Snokist Growers,
                    Yakima, Washington.
12060 DXL 01/70     Reduction of Salt Content of Food
                    Processing Liquid Waste Effluent,
                    National Canners Association,
                    Berkeley, California.

                    Proceedings: First National Symposium
                    on Food Processing Wastes, FWQA, USDA,
                    National Canners Association, and
                    Northwest Food Processors Association.
                                                           Source
                                                           GPO -   55C
                                                            GPO -   65C
                                                            GPO - $1.00
NTIS
PB 188 506
                                                            GPO -   55C
                                                            GPO - $3.00
                    Current Practice in Sea.foods Processing NTIS
                    Waste Treatment, Oregon State           PB 202 232
                    University, Corvallis, Oregon.
                    Use of Fungi Imperfecti in Waste
                    Control, North Star Research and
                    Development Institute, Minneapolis,
                    Minnesota.

                    Waste Reduction in Food Canning
                    Operations, National Canners
                    Association, Berkeley, California.
                                                            GPO -  $1.00
                                                             GPO  -  $1.00
                    Cannery Waste Treatment Kehr Activated  GPO -
                    Sludge, FMO Corporation, Santa Clara,
                    California.
         70C
                                   7-7

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                      FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
             PPB 12060 - FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

Report Number

12060 — 10/70
12060 EHV 12/70
12060 FQE 12/70
12060 — 03/71
12060 EHU 03/71
12060 DSI 07/71
12060 DXF 07/71
12060 EDK 08/71
12060 EDZ 08/71
12060 EZY 08/71
12060 EAE 09/71
Title/Author
Source
Treatment of Citrus Processing Wastes,  GPO -$2.75
The Coca-Cola Company - Foods Division,
Orlando, Florida.

Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Potato   GPO - $1.50
Processing Wastes, R.T. French Company,
Shelly, Idaho.

Dry Caustic Peeling of Tree Fruit for   GPO -   60$
Liquid Waste Reduction, National
Canners Association, Berkeley,
California.

Proceedings:  Second National Symposium GPO - $4.50
on Food Processing Wastes, EPA, Pacific
Northwest Water Laboratory and National
Canners Association.
Reconditioning of Food Processing
Brines, National Canners Association,
Berkeley, California.

State-of-the-Art, Sugarbeet Processing
Treatment; by Beet Sugar Development
Foundation, Ft. Collins, Colorado
GPO -
75C
GPO - $1.25
Membrane Processing of Cottage Cheese   GPO - $1.25
Whey for Pollution Abatement, Crowley's
Milk Company, Binghamton, New York

Liquid Wastes from Canning and Freezing GPO - $1.50
Fruits and Vegetables; by National Canners
Asso., Berkeley, California.

Pilot Plant Installation for Fungal     GPO - $1.00
Treatment of Vegetable Canning Wastes;
by The Green Giant Co., Le Suer, Minnesota

Complete Mix Activated Sludge Treatment  GPO - $1.25
of Citrus Process Wastes, Winter Garden
Citrus Products Cooperative, Winter
Garden, Florida.
Trickling Filter Treatment of Fruit
Processing Waste Waters. National
Canners Association, Berkeley, Cal.
GPO -
 50C
                                   7-8

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

       PPB 12060 - FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS

Report Number       Title/Author                       Source
<
12060 DSB 09/71     Demonstration of a Full-Scale      GPO - $1.50
                    Waste Treatment System for a
                    Cannery,  L. E. Streebin, B. W.
                    Reid and  A. C. H. Hu, School of
                    Civil Engineering; and Environmental
                    Science,  University of Oklahoma,
                    Norman, Oklahoma

12060 EAE 09/71     Trickling Filter Treatment of      GPO - $ .50
                    Fruit Processing Waste Waters,
                    National  Canners Association,
                    Berkeley, California

12060 FDS 11/71     Elimination of Water Pollution By  GPO - $ .50
                    Packinghouse Animal Paunch and
                    Blood, Beefland International Inc.,
                    Council Bluffs, Iowa
                            7-9

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                                        LOCATION OF MAJOR FOO^ .-riOCESSING PLANTS
 I
-M
•O

-------
IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    -i/ie&t
Pe.do.fiai
                   bfite.&iy a giant mndnn Seafcuw  5 Demonstration,
             Po££otum Con^o£ Ac* (PL  £4-660), ui amended.
PROJECT NUMBER: ¥PD 93-04-68    (PPB 12060)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Anaerobic-Aerobic Sugar Beet Waste Treatment
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Beet Sugar Development Foundation Mr. Ralph Scott
  156 South College Avenue         Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                 200 Southwest 35th Street
                                 Corvallis, Oregon  97330
  P.O. Box 538
  Fort Collins,  Colorado  80521
Project Site:   Tracy, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 1, 1968

Completion Date:  July 31* 1969

Summary;
                               Project Cost:

                               Federal Cost:
$34,550  (4th year)

$25,300  (4th year)
The objective of this project is to demonstrate a solution to the pollution
and odor problems encountered in beet sugar factory waste disposal.   This will
be accomplished by passing the wastes (mainly screened flume water)  through a
system of anaerobic-facultative-aerobic lagoons set up in series. Some
water from the aerobic lagoon will be recycled back to the surface of the
anaerobic lagoon to eliminate odors.
                  ADORES! INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-11

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t deic^cbe-i  bfu.e.^ty a giant unde.fi Section    5 Research  ,
Pe.dc.fizt Wcitefi Pollution Control Act  (PL S4-660), cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  WP-01486-01   (PPB 12060)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Current Practice  in Potato Processing Waste Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department  of  Civil Engineering   James Boydston
  University  of Washington          Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Seattle, Washington  98105        200 Southwest 35th Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Seattle, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 1, 1968        Project Cost:   $19,331

Completion Date:   June 30, 1970   Federal Cost:   $18,364

Summary;

The continued rapid growth of the potato processing industry represents a
corresponding increase  in wastewater volume.  The  final report to this
project discusses potato  processing, waste treatment,  and current and needed
research in water quality control in this production field.  A brief description
is given in the report  of general characteristics  of the potato and the effects
and importance of cultural and environmental conditions on potato processing.
General descriptions of the production processes have  been included and the
literature has been extensively reviewed to present current and proposed waste
treatment technology.  The most urgent research needs  are discussed together
with suggested methods  for meeting these needs.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-12

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
*       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tfu'-A  4/iee.t de/icttfaei bnLe.$iy a. giant undeA. Section 5 Demonstration.
             Pollution Control AcX (PL 84-6601 ,  
-------
IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-it>  4/tee-t deictcfaei biLe.£ly a Qiant unde.fi Section  5 Research
             Pollution Control Act  (PL &4-66'0], oi omecided.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 DSI

TITLE OF PROJECT:   State-of-the-Art of Sugarbeet Processing Waste Treatment


GflANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Beet Sugar Development Foundation  Kenneth Dostal
  156 South College Avenue          Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  P.O. Box 538                     200 Southwest 35th Street
  Fort Collins, Colorado  80521      Corvallis, Oregon  97330  .

Project Site:   Fort Collins,  Colorado

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   April  18, 1969      Project  Cost:  $15,900

Completion Date:  June 1, 1970    Federal  Cost:  $14,310

Summary;

Development of a state-of-the-art document encompassing current domestic and
foreign waste treatment technology in the sugarbeet processing industry will
be the main objective of this project.  The report will include recommendations
on major research needs.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-14

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*JN FORM A  TION  SHEET
*>        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet desc/u-fae-i bnithty a. giant undeA. Se.ctt.on  5 Demonstration,
 Fedcio£ Wdtefi Pollution Con&iot Act (PL 64-660} ,  OA amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EHS

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Cannery Waste Treatment by Lagoons


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Melbourne Water Science Institute  Kenneth Dostal
  Water Science Laboratories        Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  15-21 Earl Street                200 Southwest 35th Street
  Carlton, Victoria, Australia      CorvalliSj Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Shepparton, Victoria, Australia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 1, 1969          Project Cost:   $61,810

Completion Date: January 1, 1972   Federal Cost:   $11,920

Summary :

In this study, demonstration of the feasibility of treating fruit and vegetable
processing wastes by anaerobic lagoons and oxidation ditches will be undertaken.

The existing 100,000-gpd facilities at Shepparton will continue to be used
during the final year of this project to evaluate and optimize operational
parameters of the anaerobic-aerobic system operating jointly or independently.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               7-15

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IN FORM A TION SHEET /ELBA!
                                                       'ATE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/teg-t de^ctx-ba-i  bni^ty a. giant undei Sec-turn   5 Research,,  >
       Watefi  Pollution Control Acx£ [VI &4-660) ,  cu> " ame.nde.d.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EDK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Production and Disposal Practices for Liquid Wastes From
                 Canning and Freezing Fruits and Vegetables

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  National Canners Association     William Pierce
    Research Foundation            Region IX, EPA
  1133 20th Street, N.W.           ?60 Market Street
  Washington, D.C.  20036          San Francisco, California  94102

Project Site:  NCA, Berkeley, California
             University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 6, 1969         Project Cost:  $22,542

Completion Date : September 15, 1970 Federal Cost:  $20,025

Summary ;

The objective of this project will be the development of a state-of-the-art
document to encompass:

    1.  Determination of current and projected contributions of this  industry
        to the  national water pollution problem.
    2.  Description of present and anticipated waste treatment technology
        to include construction and operational data.
    3.  Identification of areas requiring further development.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               7-16

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th,u 4/iea.t deicA.tfaa-4 bfu.e.&ly a. Qi&nt undent. Sac-turn   5 Research   >
fe.dc.fial Waft? t Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660),  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 ECF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Current Practice in Seafoods Processing Waste Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Department of Food Science and    Kenneth Dostal
    Technology                     Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Oregon State University          200 Southwest 35th Street
  Corvallis, Oregon  97331          Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Corvallis,  Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 1, 1969        Project Cost:   $18,652

Completion Date: January  k, 1971   Federal Cost:   $17,695

Summary;

The final report on this  project contains discussions of the processing of
the major United States  seafoods species, the resultant wastewater strengths
and flows, solid wastes magnitudes, current treatment and by-product recovery
methods, and current and  recommended research in water pollution abatement.
The geographic distribution of fish and shellfish  landings and products is
described.  The report is based on a comprehensive literature review and ex-
tensive on-site investigations of current research, processing, and treatment
activities in the major seafoods centers of the United States.
                  ADDRESS INQUIDISS TO EPA PROJECT OFMCIH

                               7-17

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 IN FORM A TION
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Th-L& 4/tee-t deic/u.be,4 bnLe.fa£.y a QMW-t unrfet Se.cti.on   5 Research   ,
 fe.dc.iat Motel Pollution Con&iol Ac£ (PL  &4-660),  06 amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EGU

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  State-of-the-Art of Dairy Plant Wastes and Waste-
                   Treatment Systems

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:      '       EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Ohio State University Research     Eugene Harris
     Foundation                      National  Environmental Research Center, EPA
   1314 Kinnear Rd.                  Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
   Columbus, Ohio  43212

 Project Site:  Columbus,  Ohio

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  July 1, 1969         Project Cost:   $18,505

 Completion Date: May 30,  1971      Federal Cost:   $12,954

. Summary:

 The objective of this project is the development of a state-of-the-art
 document for the dairy industry.  Plant  processing methods, water utilization,
 waste streams in various  size and type of operations, dairy food plant waste
 treatment systems as a function of processing practice,  plant size and location,
 current industrial development in dairy  food processing  and waste treatment,
 present research in progress, and future research needs  in relation to dairy
 wastes will be covered.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                  7-18

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t de.icttbe.4 bfiizfaly a giant undo.fi Section 5 Demonstration ,
fe.dc.iat Watei Pottution Contnol Act (PL S4-660),  06  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FQE

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Dry Caustic Peeling of Tree Fruit to Reduce Liquid Waste
                  Volume and Strength

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  National Canners Association       Kenneth Dostal
  1950 Sixth Street                 Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Berkeley, California  94710        200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:   Berkeley, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 30, 1970       Project Cost:   $19,539

Completion Date:  December 31, 1970 Federal Cost:   $17,538

Summary;

The National Canners Association, in  cooperation with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, will install demonstration-scale equipment in  a fruit cannery.
The basic project objectives are to demonstrsite the feasibility of using the
dry caustic peeling process in the processing; of tree fruit.  Operational
data will be collected during the grant period which will allow the comparison
of the yield and quality of the peeled fruit and the quantity and quality of
the process wastes with the conventional peeling process.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-19

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET /t3LEA]
                                                       ATE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/tee.t deic/u.be,4 bfu.n$ly a giant  ando.n. Section   5 Contract   ,
Fedeto£ Watet Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660),  
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INFORMATION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tku 4/teet  de,icAibu bfiiafatij a. gtant undan Se.cti.on 	6 (b)    ,
fe.dc.taJt Wdtet Pollution Ccmttot Act [PL  &4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  WPRD 38-01-67   (PPB 12060)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Citrus Processing Wastes


GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Minute Maid Company               Dr. David Hill
  Orlando,  Florida                  Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
                                   College Station Road
                                   Athens, Georgia  30601

Project Site: Leesburg, Florida
             Auburndale,  Florida
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 13, 1966    Project Cost:   $550,000

Completion  Date: December 31, 1969 Federal Cost:   $350,000

Summary;

Plant-scale studies were performed in this  project to determine operational and
treatment parameters for citrus processing  wastewaters.  Part I of the final
report discusses treatment of concentrated  citrus processing wastewaters combined
with domestic sewage using a modified activated sludge process; namely, extended
aeration.   Part II discusses treatment of weak processing wastewaters using a
system which functioned as an aerated lagoon.

Extended aeration yielded  94 to 95 per cent BOD removal; however, difficulties
concerning  positive control of the treatment process were encountered.  Variations
in mixed liquor suspended  solids concentrations,  sludge volume indices, sludge
recirculation rates, and hydraulic loading  were considered principal causes
adversely affecting the treatment process.  Excess sludge buildup amounted to
approximately 0.5 pounds per pound of influent BOD and sludge wastage accounted
for the greater portion of overall nutrient removal from the system. The aerated
lagoon process afforded 91 per cent BOD removal when daily average hydraulic
and organic loadings were  controlled at  6.4 mgd and 6770 pounds, respectively
(detention  time 7-9 days).

Ecological  studies indicated that BOD:N:P ratios of the order of 150:5:1 were
adequate for supporting the population of organisms required for effective
bio-oxidation.  Organic nutrient removal studies using hyacinths indicated a
minimum of  5 days' detention would be required to afford substantial nutrient
reduction.  Significant organic loading  reductions (BOD,COD) were also attained
by the hyacinth plant system during the  5-day detention period.

                   ADDRESS  INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OIFFICIR

                                7-21

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-
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IN FORM A  TION SHEET

        EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC V
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/iee-t  c/&ic/u.be,6 bfu.e.£iy a giant unde.fi Se.dtA.on 	6 (b)	,
fe.de.Mtf. (date* Pollution Control kct  (PL &4-660), a* omerirfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FAK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Concentration of  Sugar Beet  Wastes for Economic Treat-
                  ment with Biological Systems

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Beet  Sugar Development Foundation   Ralph Scott
  156 South College Avenue           Pacific Northwest Mater Laboratory
  P.O.  Box  538                      200 Southwest 35th Street
  Fort  Collins, Colorado  80521      Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:   Fort Collins, Colorado

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 28, 1966     Project Cost:   $372,500

Completion  Date:  May 1, 1970     Federal Cost:   $102,000

Summary;

This project is one phase of research to find an economic chemical or biological
system  to treat high volumes of sugar beet factory waste.  One or more successful
processes are necessary to satisfy effluent standards in states where sugar
beets are processed.

The objective of the project is to concentrate  sugar beet factory wastes  by
chemical precipitation and reuse of  the decanted solution in a closed recir-
culation system.  The excess water accumulated  during the operation will  be
treated by  anaerobic and/or aerobic  processes to remove BOD prior to discharge.
The bioactivity will be studied concurrently.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-23

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     A /-ieet  rfesc/tcbes biLafaSLy  a. gtuint. undnn. Suet-ion _ 6  (b)
        Wafet Pollution Control Ac,t (PL &4-660) , ai
PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 EZP

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Cannery Waste Treatment Kehr Activated Sludge


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  FMC Corporation                  Kenneth Dostal
  Central Engineering Laboratories  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Box 580                          200  Southwest 35th Street
  Santa Clara,  California 95052     Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Santa Clara, California

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 31, 1966    Project Cost:   $43,200

Completion Date: January 31, 1969  .Federal Cost:   $29,300

Summary:

The Kehr Activated  Sludge Process (KASP), as practiced at the FMC Corporation's
Central Engineering Laboratories, uses a completely mixed aeration tank with
no intentional  sludge wasting.  The  concentration of  mixed liquor suspended
solids was allowed  to stabilize at some value as a result of cellular synthesis,
endogenous loss,  and washout in the  effluent.  The concentration of mixed
liquor suspended  solids ranged from  4,000 to 12,000 mg/liter.  The BODc of
domestic sewage  and cannery wastes varied from 200 to 2000 mg/Liter.

Removals obtained were 80 per cent reduction in the concentration of total
organic carbon  and  90 per cent reduction in the concentration of 6005.

The process  was  able to undergo a 48-hour period of no organic loading  with
no loss of treatment efficiency when the organic load was returned.  The KASP
appears to have  an  application for pretreatment of industrial wastes prior to
discharge to a municipal sewer.  The KASP, when used  in this manner, could
handle intermittent waste discharge, produce 90 per cent BOD^ removal,  and
provide aerobic digestion within the aeration tank.

Exclusive of any  primary treatment,  the cost of treating 10 mgd of a waste
containing 250 mg/liter of BOD^ using this high solids activated sludge
process is about  7$AOOO gallons using gravity settling and about 29Q/1.000
gallons using electroflotation.  The cost of pretreating 1 mgd of a waste
containing 2,000 mg/liter BOD is about 28^/1000 gallons exclusive of primary
treatment.

                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET  £CLEA]
                                                          ftTE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-U 4/ice,t deicAtbei  bnie.faly a gfoint  undc.fi Se.c-t.ion 	6 (b)
fc.dc.fial Mite*. Pollution Control Act (PL &4-66Q),   ante tided.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FAD

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Aerobic Treatment  of Fruit Processing Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Snokist Growers                   James Boydston
  Yakima, Washington                Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,  EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Yakima, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 4, 196?        Project Cost:   $572,262

Completion Date:  March 24, 1970   Federal Cost:   $347,669

Summai
In 1966, it was determined that the Snokist Growers  cannery in Yakima,
Washington, was in need  of further treatment facilities for the cannery
waste before the waste could be discharged into the  Yakima River.  A system
of aeration was proposed and a grant sought to aid in construction of facilities
and to study the results of the treatment facility following construction.
Facility construction proceeded in two stages with the addition of an aerated
lagoon in 196? and the addition of additional aeration and clarification
facilities in 1968 to complete the treatment system.  The treatment system
performed more efficiently than initially expected in the original design
assumptions, and nearly  99 per cent removal of BOD and COD from the waste
stream was accomplished  during a major portion of the 1968 processing season.

The treatment systems were studied over the two operating seasons, and operated
as an aerated lagoon, as an activated sludge treatment system and as activated
sludge system but including sludge reaeration.  Data was collected on biological
substrate assimilation,  sludge growth, oxygen uptake and sludge settleability.
Constants were obtained  from this data.  Success of  the treatment system is
described in the final report on the project and the costs of treatment
computed.  It is recommended that aerated lagoon treatment be used where 70
per cent removal of BOD  is desired and suspended solids are permissible in
the effluent.  Activated sludge treatment is recommended for greater than 90
per cent BOD removal and where effluent suspended solids must be minimized.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJICT OFFICER

                               7-25

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-iA 4/iee-t dcicttbe-i  bfazfily a. Qtmnt undc.fi Section	6  (b)    ,
Fede.io£ Watei Pollution Control Act (PL  &4-660),  cu> amendnd.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EHV

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Potato Processing Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  The R. T.  French Company          James Boydston
  Shelley, Idaho                    Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Shelley, Idaho

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:   August 29, 1967      Project Cost:   $690,310

Completion Date: March 15, 1971   Federal Cost:   $483,217

Summary:

As described in the final  report to this project, the new secondary treatment
facility at  the R.T.  French Company, Shelley, Idaho, has demonstrated the
feasibility  of a complete  mix activated  sludge system for secondary treat-
ment of potato processing  wastes.  The secondary treatment  facility was designed
for an average daily flow  of 1.25 million gallons per day and a BOD loading of
14,000 pounds per day.  Frequent aerator shutdowns following mechanical
problems have limited oxygen transfer and biological activity in the aeration
basins; however, BOD removals of over 90 per cent have been obtained for
extended periods of time,  demonstrating  the applicability of the activated
sludge process for treating the wastes.  These removals  have been obtained
with:  (1) MLSS concentrations between 2,000 mg/L and 8,000 mg/L, (2)  aeration
basin D.O. concentrations  between 0.3 m/1 and 5-2 mg/L,  (3) aeration basin
temperatures between 45 degrees F and 67 degrees F, (4)  aeration basin nH
between 7.1  and 8.4,  (5) organic loadings between 10 and 120 Ib BOD/L,000
cu ft/day, (6) hydraulic detention times of 0.9 to 8.7 days, and (7) BOD/MLVSS
ratios of 0.15 to 0.47.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OfFICER

                                7-26

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     .6/tee.t de.ic>Lcbe,i bfu.e.faly a gfoint imdo.fi Section  	6 (b)	,
Fede.to£ Waft? 4 Pollution Contnol Act  (PL $4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EHT

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Use of Fungi Imperfect! in Waste Control


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  North Star  Research and            Kenneth Dostal     <-
    Development Institute            Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  3100 38th Avenue South             200  Southvrest 35th Street
  Minneapolis, Minnesota  55406      Corvallis;, Oregon  97330        ..

Project Site: Minneapolis, Minnesota

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September I, 196?    Project Cost:  $118,585

Completion Date:   July l, 1970    Federal Cost:    $76,585

Summary;

In this project, 45 species of 12 genera of the Fungi Imperfecti were screened
for those fungal candidates best able to rapidly convert soluble and suspended
organic material (as measured by BOD) from corn- and soy food-processing waste
streams to mycelial protein.  Rapidly growing fungal strains were selected
which were readily removed from the digested waste  effluents by coarse filtration.
Trichoderma viride. Gliocladium deliquescens. and either Aspergillus oryzae
or Q> deliquescens gave the best results on corn, soy, and SOg-containing soy
wheys, respectively.  Optimal growth conditions included pH of 3.2 to 3-5,
and a temperature of 30 C.  Oxygen requirements were relatively low  (l Ib 02/6-7
Ib COD removed). Nitrogen and phosphate additions were required for  the corn
digestion system, and additions of sulfuric acid were necessary to adjust the pH.
Corn waste was reduced from an initial BOD level of 1600 mg/1 to 25  mg/1 in
24 hours.  Soy wastes were reduced from 6200 mg of  BOD/1 to 125 mg of BOD/1 in
36 hours of incubation.

Studies of rapid fungal digestion of soy whey containing 700 mg/1 of S02
resulted in selection of A.  oryzae and G_.  deliquescens strains which removed
S02 from the medium.  Mycelial yields were approximately 50 to 60 g  of dry
mycelium per 100 g of COD utilized.  The stability  of the continuous fermentation
with corn waste was demonstrated in a fermentation  run of 140 days'  length.
The protein content of mycelium recovered from the  continuous culture corn
digestion system was 45 per cent.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-27

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

     •4/tce.t deictcfaei bfiin&ly a giant ande.fi Section 	6 (b)
        Wciten. Pollution Control Ac* (PL  U-660],  0,5 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EZY

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Lime Treatment and Inplant Reuse of an Activated Sludge Plant
                  Effluent in the Citrus  Processing Industry

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Winter Garden Citrus Products      Dr. David Hill
    Cooperative                     Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
  P.O. Box 399                      College Station Road
  Winter Garden, Florida            Athens, Georgia  30601

Project Site:   Winter Garden, Florida

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 22, 196?    Project Cost:   $397,300

Completion Date:  August 30, 1971  Federal Cost:   $165,000

Summary;

The objective of this proposal will be to  develop operational parameters and
conduct an economic evaluation on lime treatment of effluent from a 2-mgd
activated sludge system treating citrus wastes and in-plant reuse of the lime
treatment effluent.  This study will cover lime treatment with the addition of
coagulant aids and dewatering of sludges by centrifugation for usage in cattle
feed preparation.  Determination will be made on the effect of this system
in further reducing BOD, COD, and nutrients found in the activated sludge
effluent.

The proposed project intends to demonstrate the effectiveness of lime
precipitation on effluent from a 2-mgd activated sludge system treating
citrus wastes.  The activated sludge system consists of an aeration pond
providing from 24 to 36 hours detention time with the overflow being directed
into a final clarifier. Operation of the  activated sludge system will
afford pH control along with nutrient supplementation and sludge recirculation.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-28

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t de-ic/^tfaei bui^ty a giant imdo.fi Section 	6  (b)    ,
Fe.dc.ial Wate* Pollution  Control Act (PL  &4-660],  OA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EHU

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Reconditioning of Food Processing Brines


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  National Canners Association       William Pierce
    Research Foundation             Region  IX, EPA
  1133 20th Street, N.W.            ?60 Market Street
  Washington, D.C. 20036            San Francisco, California  94102

Project Site: Central Valley, California

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 1, 1968      Project Cost:   $45,000

Completion Date:  March 1, 1971    Federal Cost:   $31,500  '

Summary;

In this project, storage brines and processing waters from  the production of
canned ripe  olives and glass packed green olives were treated with activated
carbon.  The reuse potential of reconditioned brines was evaluated.  Reconditioned
storage brines  can be used to store freshly  harvested olives for commercially
significant  periods.  Canned samples prepared from olives stored in reconditioned
brine were of good quality. Reconditioned brines of lower  salt content were
reused with no  detectable effect on the  quality of the final product.

Estimates for commercial application of  activated carbon treatment of storage
brines show a cost per ton of olives stored  of $3.64 when capital costs are
amortized over  10 years for a cannery storing 5jOOO tons of olives annually.
This value can  also be expressed as a cost of $36.40 for each 1,000 gallons
of reconditioned brine produced.  Ten olive  canneries reconditioning brine
and sending  spent carbon to a centrally  located reactivation facility would
have a cost  of  $1.28 per ton of olives stored or $12.80 for each 1,000 gallons
of reconditioned brine produced.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-29

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Th-iA 4/iee-t de-icA,tbe4 bfu.e.£ty a. g-tant unde-i Sect-con      6 (b)    ,
 Fede.to£ Mate*. Pollution Contnol Act (PL S4-660)', 04  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  WPRD 3-01-6S   (PPB 12060)

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Improvement of Treatment of  Food Industry Waste


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
   RAI Research Corporation         Allyn Richardson
   36-40 37th Street               Region I, EPA
   Long Island City, New York 11101  John F. Kennedy Federal  Building
                   . .             Boston, Massachusetts 02203

 Project Site:  Long Island City, New York

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  February 9, 1968      Project Cost:  $57,250

 Completion Date:   July 31,  1969    Federal Cost:  $40,075

. Summary;

 The electrochemical  oxidation of milk whey on a laboratory scale will be
 investigated as a method of waste treatment.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              7-30

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                                         a
      4/ieet  de.icAtbe5 bfu.e.&ty a gfucint unda-i Se.cti.on 	6 (b)
              Pollution Control Act (PL &4-66Q), m> amended.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  WPRD 151-01-68  (PPB 12060)

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Waste Reduction in Food Canning Operations


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   National Canners Association       William Pierce
     Research Foundation             Region IX, EPA
   1133 20th  Street, N.W.            ?60 Market Street
   Washington, D.C.  20036           San Francisco,  California  94102

 Project Site: San Jose, California

 DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   February 14, 1968     Project Cost:  $55,120

 Completion Date:  April 24, 1970  Federal Cost:  $33,330

. Summary;

 In this project, various methods of reducing wastes in food canning operations
 were examined.  These methods included trickling filters, pH control, an air
 flotation system, and screens.

 A high-rate  trickling filter was constructed,  utilizing light weight, self-
 supporting plastic packing medium that provided large uniform surface area for
 microbial growth.  The  effects  of hydraulic loading and nutrient addition on
 soluble BOD  removal from fruit  wastewater were investigated.  To examine the
 effects of pH control,  fruit pumping water was acidified with citric acid and
 controlled at pH 4.0 or below to inhibit bacterial growth and to extend the
 use of recirculated water.   The sanitary.condition of the acidified system was
 equal to or  better than a comparable non-acidified system.  An air flotation
 system was evaluated for suspended solids removal efficiency.  The influent
 to recycle ratio was 1:1.   In general, the removal efficiency decreased as the
 hydraulic rate increased.

 A single-deck and a double-deck circular vibrating screen were evaluated for
 solids separation.  The maximum capacity of the single (20 mesh)  deck was 1000
 gpm.  With a 64-mesh, capacity  was reduced to  300 - 400 gpm.  Compared to
 20-mesh rectangular screen,  48-mesh removed 32-2 per cent more solids.  For
 the double deck, numerous  combinations of top  and bottom screens were tested.
 With a 20-mesh top and  100-mesh bottom, the unit handled 1500 gpm or 1.5
 times the single deck unit.  More than 5 per cent of influent must overflow
 from top screen onto bottom screen;  otherwise  abrasive action of screen will
 increase solids in effluent.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT  OFFICER

                                 7-31

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IN FORM A T/ON  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Ikta 4/iee.t de.4cyu.be4 bfu.e.^ty a gfiant undo.fi Section
ftdviat \acUbm Pottu&Lan Con&iot Act (PL  S4-660),  cu

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 DQV
                                                   6 (b)
                                               amended.
TITLE OF PROJECT:
                  Removal and Recovery of Fatty Materials from Edible Fat
                  and Oil Refinery Effluents
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Clifford Risley
                                  Region V, EPA
                                  1 North Wacker Drive
                                  Chicago, Illinois  60606
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Swift and Company
  R&D Center
  1919 Swift Drive
  Oak Brook, Illinois  60521

Project Site:  Bradley, Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 10, 1968        Project Cost:   $389,970

Completion Date:  February 1, 1971 Federal Cost:   $249,307

Summary;

 This study to be conducted at the Swift and Company Bradley Refinery plant will
 have, as  its main objectives, demonstration of the effectiveness and economics
 of employing air flotation for the removal and recovery of fatty material
 present in water eminating from processing operations.

 In addition to an extensive study of flocculating agents, a complete character-
 ization of processing waste streams is planned.  Laboratory analysis will
 include BOD, COD, ether solubles,and suspended solids determinations, etc.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                7-32

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th.(A 4/ice.t deiot-cbe-i btu.e.£ty a. gfuint ando.fi Sec.tx.cn      6 (b)	,
Fe.dc.iai Watex. Po££otuw Confriot Ac^ (PL 84-660},  0,6 "amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 DPE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of Wastes from the Wet-Mil Ling Industry
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Corn Products Company
  Corporate Engineering
  P.O. Box 345
  Argo, Illinois 60501

Project Site:   Pekin, Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:   July 2k, 1968
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Clifford Risley
  Region V, EPA
  1 North Wacker Drive
  Chicago, Illinois  60606
Project Cost:   $2,656,400
Completion Date: January 24, 1972  Federal Cost:

Summary;
               $482,680
This project entails the design, construction, operation, and an economic
and technical evaluation of a 1-mgd, completely mixed aerobic system for
treatment of corn refining wastes.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-33

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTKA TION PROJECT
     4/tee-t de4c/wi>e4 buit^lg a. giant unde.fi Se&tton      6 (b)
        Wo-tei Pollution Control Act (PL 64-660], oi amende

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 DSB

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Demonstration of a Full-Scale Waste Treatment System for
                  a Cannery

 GKANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   University of Oklahoma Research    George Putnicki
    Institute                      Region VI, EPA
   1808 Newton Drive                1402 Elm Street
   Norman, Oklahoma  73069           Dallas, Texas  75202

 Project Site:  Stilwell, Oklahoma

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: July 25, 1968        Project Cost:  $117,807

 Completion Date: August 31,  1970   Federal Cost:   $75,226

. Summary;

 The objective of this study  will be to conduct an economic and technical
 evaluation of a 1.5-mgd biological system employing a combination of both the
 minimal solids and extended  aeration techniques to treat high strength,
 nutritionally unbalanced cannery wastes.
                   ADOMSS INQUIIIIS IO IM MOJICT OFFICIB

                               7-34

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OK DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Tkit>
a giant unde.fi Se.cM.on
                                                   6 (b)
                                              _
Fe.dc.iaJt ttktte* PotfaUon Con&iot Act (PL 64-660), OA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 DFF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Waste Treatment Facility, Farmbest, Inc., Denison, Iowa
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Farmbest, Inc.                   Otmar Olson
  Denison, Iowa                   Region VII, EPA
                                 911 Walnut Street
                                 Kansas City, Missouri

Project Site:  Denison, Iowa

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 5, 1968      Project Coat:  $755,587

Completion Date:  April 30, 1971    Federal Cost:  $289,790

Summary;
                            64106
The objective of this project is to demonstrate, over one full year of
operation, the application of anaerobic lagoons and two-stage trickling
filters for the treatment of strong wastes resulting from the slaughter-
ing and processing of hogs.  This plant kills about 5000 hogs daily and waste
flows average about 0.85 mgd.  Data will be collected on the strength of
wastes and the efficiency of individual treatment units under various loadings
and weather conditions so the results  can be projected for new plants using
any combinations of these treatment units.
                  AOOMU INOUIIIfl TO IMk PtOJICV OMICII

                              7-35

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4hee-t de-5ctcfae4 buia^ty a. giant undei Suction      6 (b)
fe.de.iat W&te.4. Potiution Confriot kct (PL  64-660},  cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 DEQ
TITLE OF PROJECT:  Elimination of Pollution by and Utilization of Protein  '
                 Concentrates (Dried Whey) from Milk Residues of Cheese
                 Making
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Mr. Max  Cochran
                                  NERC
                                  200 S.W.  35th St.
                                  Corvallis, Oregon 97330
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Dairy Research and Development
    Corporation
  in Broadway
  New York, New York  10006
Project Site:  Vernon, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 19, 1968
                                Project Cost:  $2,499,038
Completion Date:  January 1,  1972   Federal Cost:

Summary;
                                               $551,350
A development and full-scale demonstration for a process for the convexoxun of
dairy whey into saleable food products by evaporation and spray drying
methods will be undertaken in the project.  The conversion of whey to a useable
food product in lieu of its disposal as a waste product from cheese manufacturing
is the pollution abatement method to be developed and demonstrated.  Research
will be conducted on the use of dried whey as a supplement to various food
products.
                  ADDRISi INQUIIIIS TO I PA PROJICT OFFICIR

                                7-36

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
  -U A/iee-t deicAx-be-i  bfu.e.faly a. gfiant u.ndc.1 Section 	6  (b)	,
fQ.dc.fLdL Watet Pollution Conftiol Ac£ (PL If4-660),  at> omcurferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EAE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Evaluation of Controlled Temperature  and Forced Aeration
                  in Trickling Filter Treatment of Food Canning Wastewaters

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  National Canners Association       William Pierce
    Research Foundation              Region IX, EPA
  1133 20th Street, N.W.             ?60 Market Street
  Washington, B.C.  20036           San Francisco, California  9A102

Project Site:  San Jose,  California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 11, 1969        Project Cost:   $28,712

Completion Date:  May 20, 1970     Federal Cost:   $18,350

Summary;

The objectives of this project to be conducted at the DelKonte Corporation
Plant No. 3 at San Jose,  California are as follows:

    1.  Evaluation of the performance and BOD reduction  capacity on high
        strength liquid canning wastes of a 10,000-gpd trickling filter
        unit containing such special features as forced  aeration and
        temperature control of the treatment column preceeded by grinding
        and screening components.
    2.  Comparison of the efficiency of this unit with that of the trickling
        filter without temperature control and forced aeration operated
        under WPRD 151-01-68 by subjecting them both to  identical loadings
        emanating from the same waste source.
    3.  Incorporation of  the results of this evaluation  into the design of a
        full-scale demonstration project to be implemented in 1970.  This
        project is an extension of work initiated under  WPRD 251-01-68.
                   ADDRtSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-37

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/teet de.4 c>u.t>£4 bnLo.faty a. giant unde.fi Se.dtA.on 	6 (b)     ,
Fe.dc.nat WateA Poitution Ccm&iot Ac* (PL 84-660),  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 DXF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Development and Demonstration* of an Ultrafiltration Plant
                  for the Abatement of Pollution from Cottage Cheese Whey

GKANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Crowley's Milk Company, Inc.      Max W.  Cochrane
  145 Conklin Avenue               Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Binghamton, New York  13902       200 Southwest 35th Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Binghamton, New York (Phase I)
              La Fargeville, New York (Phase II)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 1, 1969   '      Project Cost:  $914,081

Completion Date:  January 1, 1972   Federal Cost:  $495,856

Summary;

A two-stage Ultrafiltration system for the separation and concentration of
protein and lactose or straight acid whey concentration with a resulting
influent BOD reduction of 99 per  cent will be demonstrated.  Phase I, lasting
13 months, calls for the design,  detailed engineering, construction, operation
and evaluation in Binghamton, New York of a  10,000 Ib/day UF system and will
include the design of a 250,000 Ib/day system for full-scale demonstration
under Phase II.  Duration of Phase II will be 17 months.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-38

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inii-ORMA  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t de.icAcbe4 bru.~ajnnndc.d. •
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EDZ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Pilot-Plant Installation for Use  of Fungi Imperfect! on
                  Vegetable Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Green Giant Company               Kenneth Dostal
  LeSueur, Minnesota  56058         Pacific Northwest. Water laboratory, EPA
                                  200 Southwest 35th Street. '
                                  Corvalis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  North Star Research and Development Institute
              Minneapolis , Minnesota
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 1, 1969         Project Cost:  $72,860

Completion Date:  December 31, 1970 Federal Cost:  $49,742

Summary;

The basic objective of this study is to demonstrate  and evaluate on a pilot-
scale basis the use of fungi imperfecti as a biological agent in a aerated
treatment system  which treats high BOD vegetable processing wastes.  According
to bench-scale tests the fungi are capable of removing organic nutrients with
a related BOD reduction in excess of 98 per cent with a 20-hour residence time.
An aerated lagoon and aerated ditch will be employed to evaluate the fungi
as a system component and the related operational and system characteristics
     be defined.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               7-39

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA  4/iee-t de-icttfa&i bfu.e.^iy a gtiant tinder Se.ctJ.on 	6 (b)	,
fe.dc.fidt WcitefL PottutLon Control Act (PL  14-660},  cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 EGV

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Water and Waste Management in Poultry Processing


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Gold Kist Poultry Division        Harold Snyder
  Cotton Producers Association      Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
  P.O. Box 2210                    Water Quality Research, EPA
  Atlanta, Georgia  30301           Washington,  D.C.  20242

Project Site:   Gold Kist Poultry
              910 Latta Street, Durham, North Carolina
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 1, 1969         Project Cost:   $283,381

Completion Date:  October 30, 1971  Federal Cost:   $198,366

Summary;

The University of North Carolina will conduct this study which involves
changes in the Gold Kist processing operations for demonstration of effective
in-plant control of both water use and discharge of effluent from poultry
processing.  The project encompasses water use and waste abatement throughout
the plant, from water intake through final wastewater collection and control.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-40

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IN FORM A TION SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Thx.4  4/tee.t deicAxCfae-i bru.e.faty a gnant unrie-t Sectum 	6 (b)    ,
fe.dc.KLt WatcA. Po££atum Con^to£ Aot (PL S4-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 EIG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Full-Scale Demonstration and Evaluation of Potato Dry and
                 Wet Caustic Peeling Processes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Western Potato  Service,  Inc.       Kenneth Dostal
  P.O. Box 1391 Highway #2 West      Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Grand Forks, North Dakota  58201   200 Southwest 35th  Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Presque Isle,Maine (Wet)
             Grand Forks, North Dakota (Dry)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 1, 1969        Project Cost:  $1,042,212

Completion Date:  August 1, 1971   Federal Cost:    $396,574

Summary;

The objective of this grant will be to demonstrate at full scale the economics
and pollution reduction characteristics of a potato "dry" caustic peeling
system and use as a base for comparison data to be obtained from a similar
facility employing the conventional "wet" caustic peeling operation.
                  ADORfSS INQUIRIIS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               7-41

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4 /met
bnte.faly a giant unrtet Seetuw
                                                   6 (b)
                                              __
Fe.dc.fiCLt (JJaten Pollution Control Ac£ (PL 84-660), cu> a/new rfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 EKQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Kent Cheese Company - Waste Treatment Facility
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Kent Cheese Company
  1931 North 15th Avenue
  Melrose Park, Illinois  60160
Project Site:  Kent, Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  July 1, 1969

Completion Date:   April 1/1972

Summary;
            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
              Dennis W. .Taylor
              Pacific  Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
              200 Southwest35th Street.
              Cprvallis, Oregon 97330
            Project Cost:  $65,722.80
                            i
            Federal Cost:  $46,006.00
In this  project, demonstration of the effectiveness of aerated lagoons for the
treatment of cheese whey .process rinse water, in addition to the effluent from
a reverse osmosis unit, is demonstrated.  The treatment system utilizes two
aerobic  lagoons in series with submerged mechanical aeration equipment producing
an extended aeration process.  Data is collected to evaluate the extented
aeration process on the aforementioned cheese whey wastewater streams.
                  ADDRESS INOUIRIfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              "7-42

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Tkta 4/iee.t de-ic/u-bei biie.£ty a giant undei. Sec.ti.on     6 (b)     ,
 fe.dc.fiat Wo-tet Pottution Confriot Ac* (PL S4-660), cw  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EOF

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  A Method of Manure Disposal for a Beef Packing Operation


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Illinois Packing Company           Jack L. Witherow
   911 West 37th  Place               R.S.: Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
   Chicago, Illinois  60609           P.O. Box 1198
                                   Ada, Oklahoma  74820

 Project Site: Illinois Packing Co.

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
                             i
 Award Date:   October 22, 1969     Project Cost:  $156,000

 Completion Date:  June 21, 1971   Federal Cost:   $93,400

. Summary;

 In this 20-month project, demonstration of the feasibility of the incineration
 of cattle paunch and ground manure will be undertaken.  The project objectives
 will include the following:

    1.  Segregation of existing process waste streams  for concentration of
        waste solids.
    2.  Development of physical parameters for process waste streams.
    3.  Design and construction of a fluidized bed incineration unit.
    4.  Investigation and documentation of the treatment system performance,
        the economics-, optimal operating characteristics and the  significance
        of the system in terms of application to other segments of the animal
        production industry.
                   ADDRtSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-43

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tk-U 4/tee-t de-ic/w-be-i bfo.e,£ly a. giant undnn Station _ 6 (b)
        Wo-te/t, Pollution Control bet [PL S4-660) , cut> amended.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FDS

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Elimination of Water Pollution by Packing House Animal
                  Paunch and Blood

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Beefland International, Inc.      Otmar Olson
   Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501       Region VII, EPA
                                  911 Walnut Street
                                  Kansas City, Missouri  64106

 Project Site:  Council Bluffs, Iowa

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: November 10, 1969    Project Cost:  $367, 8?0

 Completion Date tNovember 1, 1971   Federal Cost:  $161,398

. Summary;

 This project will demonstrate the economic and technical feasibility of
 completely segregating blood and paunch from slaughterhouse operations and
 converting these materials into animal feed ingredients.  Two dehydrators will
 be installed at Beefland International, Inc. and utilized to process the  material
 generated from anticipated cattle kills of 250 head  per hour.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              7-44

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                    6 (b)
      -6/iee.t deiCAtbe,6 bi<.e.&ly a. Qfuint undent. Section _    _
 fe.dc.fidf. tilatei Pollution Control Ac£ (PL &4-660) , af> amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 DXL

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Reduction of Salt  Content of Food Processing Liquid Waste
                   Effluent
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
   National Canners Association
     Research Foundation
   1133 20th Street
   Washington B.C.  20036
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Kenneth Costal
  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  200 Southwest 35th Street
  Corvallis, Oregon  97330
 Project Site:  Berkeley,  California
 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  December 8, 1969

 Completion Date:  May 1, 1971

. Summary;
Project Cost:  $94,208

Federal Cost:  $64,382
 The project will demonstrate the effectiveness of  an ion exchange system
 for the treatment of olive brine wastewater.  The  10,000-gpd pilot unit
 will use calcium hydroxide as a resin regenerant and will  be operated jointly
 by the National Canners Association and Aqua Ion Corporation.  The operating
 parameters of the system will be established .and scale-up factors determined.
 It is anticipated that the degree of treatment will encourage the olive industry
 to consider water reuse and product recovery when  full-scale installations
 are considered.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-45

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRA TION PROJECT
Th-i& 4/tee.t de.ic'w.bei bfite.faly £ QUcwt unde.fi Sccti.cn 	6 (b)     ,
Fedeia£ Wo-tet Pollution Control Ac£ (PL &4-660),  cu> omcnrfcd.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 EUZ

TITLE OF PROJECT: Winery Wastewater-Characterization and Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Widmer's Wine Cellars, Inc.       Dennis W. Taylor
  Naples, New York 14512           Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                  200 Southwest 35th Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon 97330

Project Site:  Naples, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: December 18, 1969     Project Cost:  $284,000

Completion Date:  February 1?, 1972 Federal Cost:  $148,900

Summary;

This project includes design, construction, and operation of an extended
aeration waste treatment plant to treat the process wastewaters from a winery.

The activities of the project are the following:

     1. Characterization of the winery wasteflow.
     2. Design,  construction and operation of an extended aeration waste
        treatment system.
     3- Study and documentation of the treatment system.
     4. Optimization of the system.
     5. Determination of the effectiveness of nutrient addition to the operation
        of the system.

The facility will be designed for a 120,000-gpd flow.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-46

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet de.icyu.faei bnLt^tij a giant undai Sect-con __ 6 (b)
              Pollution Control Act  (PL &4-660) , O4~amciiricrf.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FJK

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Acid Emulsion Breaking-Activated Sludge for Bakery Waste


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Ebinger Baking Co,                Charles H. Ris
   2290 Bedford Ave.                 Industrial Pollution Control Branch
   Brooklyn, New York  11226          Water Quality Research, EPA
                                   Washington, B.C.  20242

 Project Site:  Melville, New York

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  June 9, 19?0         Project Cost:  $464,860

 Completion Date:  April 30, 1972  Federal Cost:  $129,729

, Summary;

 A waste treatment system will be designed, constructed, operated and evaluated
 for  a 80,000-gpd effluent from a sweet-goods bakery.  Acid emulsion breaking
 will be used as a pretreatment step to destabilize the  fats and oils in
 the  waste, and activated sludge will be used as the secondary treatment process.
 A multimedia filtration system will be then used to render the effluent suitable
 for  subsurface leeching.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-47

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t rfeic^cbei b^te^y a giant unrfei Sec.ti.on     6 (b)
       Wate.4. Pollution Contsiot Act  (PL &4-660) ,  cu> amenrferf.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FMF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Evaluation of the Rotating Biological Surface System on
                 Meat Packing Wastes

C21ANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Iowa Beef Packers , Inc.           William Garner
  Dakota City, Nebraska 68731      Region VII, EPA
                                 911 Walnut Street
                                 Kansas City, Missouri  64106

Project Site:   Dakota City, Nebraska

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 15, 1970       Project  Cost:   $559,230

Completion Date:  June 30, 1972   Federal  Cost:   $195,751

Summary;

This project consists of building and evaluating a 3-mgd anaerobic-aerobic
system where the aerobic treatment will be  achieved by the use of 8 two-
stage rotating biological  surface units with a total surface area of '500,000
sq ft.

Design, operational, and economic data, including the existing pretreatment
operations, will be documented.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-48

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 INFORMATION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/iee.t cfe.4cyu.bei bnizfily a gtiant unde.fi Section _
Fedeio£ Watex. Po££otton Con&iot kcJt (PL &4-660) , 04 amended.
                                                   6 (b)
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FLL

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Activated Sludge - Bio Disc Treatment of Distillery Wastes
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  American Distilling Co.
  So. Front Street
  Pekin, Illinois  61554
Project Site: PekLn,  Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June 22, 1970

Completion Date:  June 22, 1972

Summary;
                               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                Dennis W. Taylor
                                Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                200 Southwest 35th Street
                                Corvallis, Oregon  97330
                               Project Cost:  $1,078,000

                               Federal Cost:   $384,588
The objectives of this project are to evaluate, on a plant-scale basis, the
performance of the Bio Disc system and activated sludge processes for treating
distillery wastewater.  Investigations will involve evaluation of treatment
efficiency, and the development of design parameters for industry-wide waste
treatment process selection and sizing.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                              7-49

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/ice.t cfeic/w-bei  bii&faty a giant anddi Seefx'cm 	6 (b)
        Wciten Pollution Ccmfyiot Ac/ (PI. &4-660), af> amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FRW

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Water  and Waste Management in Sweet Potato Processing


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Tabor City Foods, Inc..            Harold Thompson
  P.O. Box 398                      Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  Tabor City, North Carolina 28463   200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Tabor City, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 1, 1970         Project Cost:   $305,886

Completion Date:   June 30, 1972    Federal Cost:   $133,833

Summary;

The purpose of this project is to make changes in plant equipment  and operations
for demonstrating effective in-plant  control of both water use and waste
discharge and to demonstrate effective pretreatment of wastes from sweet
potato processing.  The project encompasses waste abatement and water use
throughout the plant from water intake through pretreatment.  The  specific
objectives are:

      1. Installation and/or modification of a dry caustic peeling process and
         demonstrate its operation for water and waste reduction.
      2. Installation and demonstration pretreatment and conditioning of
         wastewaters in  the reduction of waste loads.
      3- Determination of the economic implications of the water  and waste
         reduction techniques demonstrated.
      4- Formulation of  guides for the management of water and waterborne
         wastes and the  pretreatment of liquid wastes.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-50

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/teet
                            a. giant unde.1
6 (b)
 fe.dc.iat (Oaten Pottation Contnot Ac^t  (PL 84-660), at> amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 FUR

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Membrane Separation of Soybean Whey for Product Recovery
                   and Waste Treatment
 GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
   Central Soya Company, Inc.
   1825 North Laramie Avenue
   Chicago, Illinois  60639
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                             Clifford Risley
                             Region V, EPA
                             1 North Wacker Drive
                             Chicago, Illinois 60606
 Project Site:  Chicago, Illinois

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  September 29, 1970    Project Cost:  $143,750

 Completion Date:January 29, 1972  Federal Cost:   $86,825

. Summary;

 During this 16-month project, the applicant will design, construct, and
 operate a pilot-scale membrane separation process for the treatment and
 product recovery from a soybean whey waste discharge.  The pilot-scale
 facility will process 700 gallons per day of soybean whey and the operational
 data from the project will be used to establish the design scale-up factors
 and economic feasibility of a commercial size facility.  The treatment and
 recovery system will consist of a two-stage membrane separation unit followed
 by an evaporation process.  The system will be designed to handle a soybean
 whey discharge which in its diluted condition has a 4700 mg/1 BOD, a 10,100
 mg/1 COD, a pH of 4.6 and a solids concentration of 15,000 mg/1.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJiCT OFFICER

                                7-51

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET /TIM
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U  4/ieet
                           a. gfmnt ande.fi Sec.tt.on
       6  (b)
fe.dti&t Wdtei Pollution Confriol Ac£  (PL &4-660], o-i amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 GPP

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Small Meatpacker  Waste Treatment Systems
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
  W. E.  Reeves Packinghouse
  P.O. Box 477
  Ada, Oklahoma  74820
Project Site: Ada, Oklahoma

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 1, 1970

Completion Date: February 1, 1973

Summary;
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Jack L. Witherow
                                  R.S. Kerr Water Research Center, EPA
                                  P.O. Box 1198
                                  Ada, Oklahoma  74820
                                Project Cost:

                                Federal Cost:
$51,185

$35,829
The objectives of this project are to evaluate various biological systems
for the treatment of small meatpackhouse waste flows.  The specific objectives
will include:

    1.   Demonstration to small meatpackers of the suitability of the anaerobic-
        aerobic lagoon system with high BOD removal, simplicity of operation,
        and minimum capital and maintenance costs.
    2.   Evaluation of the need for sludge recirculation in anaerobic lagoon and
        for aeration and sludge retention in the first-stage aerobic lagoon.
    3.   Determination of the economic and technical advantages of an aerated-
        aerobic lagoon system versus the anaerobic-aerobic lagoon system.
    4.   Demonstration to the meatpacking industry of the capability of the spray-
        runoff soil treatment system to meet future requirements for nitrogen
        and phosphorus removal in addition to high BOD reduction using the raw
        wastewaters, the anaerobic lagoon effluent, and the aerobic lagoon
        effluent.

The project data and evaluations of the waste treatment systems will provide
the basis for the development of a manual for small meatpacking house-wastewater
treatment.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                7-52

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Jh-iA  4/ieet de,icAtfae.i  bfu.e.&ty a giant  u.nde.1 Se.ati.0iz 	6  (b)	,
 fe.de.iaLi Wcitci Pollution Cfln&LOl Ac^ (PL &4-660),  
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IN FORM A TION  SHEET £CL_EA
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t de.ictx.be-i bfiie.&ly a. giant unde.fi Section 	6 (b)	t
Fede-toC Motel Pollution Control Act (Pi S4-660),  ai amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 FYG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Industrial Wastewater Reuse


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Maryland State  Department of      Mr.  Ron Barrow
    Health                        Southeast Water Laboratory
  301 W. Preston  Street            College Station Road
  Baltimore, Maryland 21201         Athens, Georgia

Project Site:  Sterling Processing  Co., Oakland, Maryland

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  January 11, 1971     Project Cost:  $211,274

Completion Date: January 11, 1973  Federal Cost:  $145,945

Summary;

The primary objective of this project is the establishment of criteria, by
the Maryland State Department of Health, for treatment of industrial secondary
effluents to permit recirculation  and reuse of the final effluent in food
processing operations.  A 300-gpm  double filtration system will be installed
and operated at the Sterling Processing Co., Oakland, Maryland, a poultry
processing facility.
                 ADDRESS INOUIIIIIS TO, IPA PBOJICT OFFICER


                             7-54

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                                    6 (b)
Jk-U  4/tee.t deicsilbu blie.faty a gfuunt andc.1 Sec.ti.on 	^_^
Pe.dc.iaA. Mate*. Pollution Control Acxt (PL &4-660],   amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 HFY
TITLE OF PROJECT:
                  Dry Caustic Peeling of Clingstone Peaches on a Commercial
                  Scale
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
  Del Monte Corporation
  215 Fremont Street
  San Francisco, California 94H9
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                  Harold Thompson
                                  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                                  200 Southwest 35th Street
                                  Corvallis, Oregon  97330
Project Site:  San Jose, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1, 1971        Project Cost:  $71,293

Completion Date:  January 1, 1972   Federal Cost:  $49,900

Summary;                                         .        .

During the 9-month project period, Del Monte Corporation will design,  construct,
install,  and operate  a 15 ton per hour "dry  caustic" unit  on a clingstone
peach line at Plant No. 3-  Evaluation of this unit will provide a full-
scale comparison with conventional peeling operations and  substantiate
earlier results obtained under project 12060 FQ3.  Previous data indicates
water reduction from  530 to 35 gallons per ton of peaches  processed is possible,
as well as reducing COD and suspended solids in the liquid waste from  60
to 18 Ibs/ton and 10  to 3 Ibs/ton respectively.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               7-55

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de,5ctx£e.i bru.e.faly a. gfuwt wide*. Section 	6 (b)     ,
Fede*o£ Wate.1 Pollution Control Ac* (PL S4-660), df> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 PAV

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Low Water Volume Enzyme Deactivation of Vegetables
                 Before Preservation

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  National Canners Association       Harold Thompson
    Research Foundation             Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  1133 20th St., N.W.              200 Southwest 35th Street
  Washington, D.C.  20036           Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Berkeley, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 1, 1971        Project Cost:  $137,505

Completion Date: October 1, 1972   Federal Cost:   $86,108

Summary;

During the 18-month project period, steam, hot water, microwave, and hot-air
pilot blanchers will be fabricated, leased, and installed at various canneries
or freezing plants.  A complete analysis of systems employed will be made
to establish capital and operating costs, product quality, retention of
nutrients, water consumption, and wastewater generation and characterization.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              •7-56

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     *hc.c.t ducfribu  buit^tij a. Quant undc.fi Sec.t-i.on  6(b)
 Fecteto£ Wdtex. Pollution Control hct (PL &4-660), a.t> ameude.d.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 HRR

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   "Protein  Production  from Acid Whey via Fermentation"


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Amber Laboratories  Division   Mr. Kenneth Dostal
 Milbrew, Incorporated          Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
 Juneau, Wisconsin 53030       Corvallis, Oregon


 Project Site:  Juneau, Wisconsin

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: September 15, 1971  Project Cost:  $251,549

 Completion Date: July  15,  1972  Federal Cost:  $ 95,490

. Summary:

      The objective  of  this 10 month project is to demonstrate an effi-
cient acid whey fermentation process to recover protein by-products.
The fermentation process will  convert  whole and deproteinized acid
whey, in a 4,500 gallon/day batch  reactor, to a feed product using
Saccharomyces fragilis.

      The fermentation  will be accomplished by the use of closed vessel,
deep tank fermentors to  keep odors and vapors at a minimum.  All
process streams will be  investigated for pollutional effects.  Feed
recovery systems will have  a zero  discharge and investigation dealing
with development of  human grade material will ascertain means of
achieving 30 ppm BOD,- in the final effluent.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OIFICER

                              7-57

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tk-U 4/tee-t d&ic/u.be,4 bfiie.£ly a gwnt undet Se.cti.on    6(b')
        {Oaten Pollution Con&iot hct  (PL 54-660), a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12060 HCW

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Submerged Combustion Evaporation System for Concentration
                   of Brewery Spent  Grain Liquors"

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

 Anheuser-Busch,  Inc.                 Robert Miller
 721 Pestalozzi Street                South Central Regional Office
 St. Louis, Missouri 63118           1402 Elm Street
                                    Dallas, Texas  75202

 Project Site:  Houston, Texas

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:    Sept. 15, 1971     Project Cost:  $498,817

 Completion Date:  sept 14, 1972   Federal Cost:  $ 78,630

. Summary:

 The objective of this project is  to  demonstrate the feasibility of concen-
 trating brewery spent grain liquors  with a submerged combustion evaporator.
 These liquors, resulting from screening and pressing operations,  contain
 grain solids unrecoverable with conventional processes and are high in
 BOD and suspended solids content.  In the proposed system, the spent grain
 liquors will be  concentrated to such an extent that they may be either
 mixed with enough dried grain to  be  sent to the grain dryer,  or sent to
 the dryer directly.  The process  will eliminate heavy waste loadings
 discharged to the sewer under current procedure and provide additional
 saleable dried grain.

 Operating procedures will be developed which will result in optimum
 efficiency for the process.  An effluent sampling program will be used
 to  demonstrate the effect of the  system on the total plant waste  stream.

 It  is expected that the process should be applicable throughout the
 brewing industry and in other grain  fermentation industries as well.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                   7-58 ' •

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t de.4cAt.be4  buia^tij a. gfiant undei Section 	6 (b)     ,
Fedet.a£ Wetter PoUutLon Control Aot  (PL &4-66Q], cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 HPC

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Pilot-Plant Treatment of Wine Stillage


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  California Dept. of Agriculture   Robert Burm
  Wine Advisory Board              Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
  717 Market Street                Corvallis, Oregon
  San Francisco, California 94103

Project Site: Davis,  California (Build Unit)
             Fresno, California (Run Unit)
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 30, 1971        Project  Cost:  $77,832

Completion Date:  July 29, 1973    Federal  Cost:  $49,820

Summary;

This project will investigate, on a  small pilot-plant scale, the aerobic
and anaerobic treatment of California brandy stillage.  In addition, direct
fermentation of the pomace stream will be investigated to look for the most
utilitarian method of removing this wastewater  stream.  Various grape
varieties and their resulting compositional wastewater differences will be
investigated theoretically and experimentally.

This project phase has, as its ultimate goal, the development of design
criteria and standard treatment costs for anaerobic and aerobic wastewater
treatment of brandy stillage.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                7-59

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/tce-t de-iottfaei biie.^l.y a. Qfia.nt ande.fi Section   5  Research
fe.de.fial Wdtei PoUati.on Control Acvt (PL &4-660),  a.t>~amndzd.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 HVQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Utilization  of  Paunch  Manure,  as a By-Product Feed
                for Channel Catfish,  and  Its  Effects on Water Quality"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater,  Oklahoma
74074
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Mr. John Witherow
EPA Southwest Water Laboratory
Ada, Oklohoma
Project Site: Stillwater,  Oklahoma

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   October  10,  1971  Project Cost:

Completion Date: June  30,  1973   Federal Cost:

Summary:
             $30,497

             $26,600
     This project  will  determine  utilization  of  optimum feed comprisi
 of dried paunch manure for  open  pond  and  cage culture of channel
 catfish.  Additionally,  this  project  will  ascertain  the effects
 of this by-product  feed  on  water  quality  in  ponds.

     The cage culture will be  implemented  by  setting  up three paunch
 manure blends consisting of 37.10,  34.20,  32.25 percent protein
 levels fed to three replications  each of  333 fish  in one acre ponds
 Fish growth will  be observed  and  weekly samples of discharge water
 will be studied.  The  pond  culture  will consist of four protein
 levels of 29.9, 27.8,  25.7  and 23.6 percent  protein  levels fed to
 two replications  of 250  fish  in  0.25  acre  ponds and  monitored weekl;

     The Robert S. Kerr Research  Center  (EPA, Ada,  Oklahoma) will
 do the standard ASTM analyses of  the  water collections.  The OSU
 personnel will collect the  samples  weekly  and monitor the DO, C02,
 pH and temperature.
                 ADDRESS INOUIRirS TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              7-60

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tk-U 4/ieet dc,icA,cbe,i bui^ty a gtuwt undc.fi Section  5 Research >
 Fede.to£ Wdtcn Pollution Con&iol Act (PL 84-660} , a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  801007

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Seafoods Processing Waste Water Characterization"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Oregon State University
Department  of Food Science
  and Technology
Corvallis,  Oregon 97331
                              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                               Mr. Kenneth Dostal
                               Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
                               Corvallis , Oregon 97330
 Project Site:   Corvallis, Oregon

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:    Sept. 1, 1971   Project Cost:  $38,069

 Completion Date: June 30, 1972  Federal Cost:  $35,187

. Summary:

      The  Oregon State University Seafoods Laboratory proposes to
 employ  a  mobile waste water analytical laboratory on its premises
 in  Astoria, Oregon, to monitor the wastes produced by six different
 seafoods  processing plants.  The ten month study will include cate-
 gorization of tuna, bottom fish, crab, clams, shrimp, salmon, and
 by-products .

      Using methods proven in previous mobile laboratory work and
 utilizing equipment already on hand, they will (with flow-proportioned
 composite samples whenever possible) monitor on site: 1) flow,
 2)  temperature, 3) dissolved oxygen, and 4) pH.  After passage through
 a 20  mesh screen, the composite samples would be analyzed in the
 mobile  facility for the following constituents:  5) total solids,
 6)  dissolved solids, 7) volatile solids, 8) settleable solids,
 9)  suspended solids, 10) chemical oxygen demand, 11) 5-day biochemical
 oxygen  demand (at intervals), 12) ultimate biochemical oxygen demand
 (at intervals), and 13) oil and grease.  In addition, a portion of
 each  composite sample would be preserved and shipped to the O.S.U.
 Department of Food Science Waste Management Laboratory in Corvallis,
 Oregon, for complete nitrogen and phosphorus analysis.
     Solid waste magnitudes  will  also  be  monitored.   All  results w
be expressed in terms of production volume  (e.g.  Ibs .  BOD5/ton  raw
product ) .
                                                                 will
                  ADDRfSS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              7-61

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it> A/tcet cte.4c/tcfaei blte-fily a. giant u.nde.1 Scctuw    6 (b)	
Fe.de.ial Matei Pollution Conftiol Act (PL S4-660), ai omewrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  800904

TITLE OF PROJECT:   "Shrimp Canning Waste Treatment  Study"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
American Shrimp Canners Asso.    Mr.  Robert  L.  Miller
P.O. Box 50774                  EPA  Region  XI
New Orleans,  Louisiana 70150    Dallas,  Texas
Project Site: Westwego,  Louisiana

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May • 1,  1972       Project Cost:  61,943

Completion Date:Nov.  1,  1973   Federal Cost:  41,217

Summary:
   The -general objectives  of  this  grant  are  to  conduct  a
 study on a pilot plant  scale,  of  waste  water  treatment for
 the Gulf Coast shrimp processing  industry.  Within  this
 general objective there are  the  following  specific  objectives

   1.   Characterize in a physical,  chemical, and  biological
 sense the waste water from a typical  shrimp canning plant.

   2.   Measure the waste water  stream  flows  from  a  typical
 shrimp canning plant.

   3.   Evaluate and recommend technical  changes in  the  canning
 process operations to reduce waste water  flows.

   4.   Perform pilot scale studies  on  typical  shrimp canning
 wastes in order to develop specific design  and operational
 criteria for selected treatment methods.

   5.   Determine the economics  of  various  alternative
 procedures to capture and dispose  of  the  solid wastes.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              7-62

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA 4/icet
                  bnA.t^tg a gnant andc.fi Section   5
       Wdt.el PotLution Con&iol Ac£ (PL ^-660),  a* amended.\

PROJECT NUMBER:    800250

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Continuous Hot Air Blanching of Vegetables
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
National Canners Association
Research Foundation
1133  20th Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
                             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Mr.  Kenneth Dostal
                              Pacific Northwest Laboratory,
                              200  S.W.  35th Street
                              Corvallis,  Oregon 97330
EPA
Project Site:
Stockton,  California & Salem, Oregon
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date:
April 1, 1972
                             Project Cost:
                             $71,424
                             Federal Cost:
                             $49,892
Completion Date:
April 1, 1973
Summary:
     The primary objective of this project is to demonstrate the
technical and economic feasibility of the hot air blanching process
in the vegetable preserving industry for substantially reducing a
major source of pollution and as a means of water conservation.
Conventional hot water blanching is employed to inactivate enzymes
prior to canning but generates large volumes of waste water with
high BOD and solids content.  The hot air blanching process which
does not use water, inactivates enzymes by heat treatment with
combusted gas in a plenum chamber producing only small volumes of
steam condensate.
     Pilot scale hot air blanching equipment will be modified to
provide continuous operation at two processing facilities on five
major volume commodities, (spinach, green peas, corn, green beans,
beets).  Optimum operating conditions and costs will be determined
from consecutive 8-hour runs.  Product quality evaluations will be
conducted and compared with conventional blanched products.  In
addition the volume of condensate will be measured and waste water
characteristics (COD, ph, SS) determined.
                                                                   and
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              7-63

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IN FORM A TION SHEET {CLEA}
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

                                       SecXuw    6(b)
ATE
fe.dc.iat Watei Pollution Con&iol Ac* (PL  84-660),  0.6 omenrfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  800930

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Recycling of Water in Poultry Processing Plants


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Pacific Egg  and Poultry Assoc.    Vern Tenney, EPA, Region IX
5420 Jefferson Blvd.              San Francisco, California
Los Angeles,  California  90016


Project Site: Livingston and Menlo Park, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: June 12,1972          Project Cost:  $150,550

Completion Date:   June 11} 1973    Federal Cost:  $99,206

Summary:

     The primary objective of this project is  to conduct pilot scale
studies to recycle chiller waste water at a rate of 500 gallons per
minute following filtration and sterilization  steps.   The recycling
system consists of a  travelling screen to remove coarse solids, a
cyclonic desludger for solids removal of particle sizes 100 Mu or
larger, and  an ultraviolet unit for sterilization.  The latters
irradiation will impart a minimum  dosage of 30,000 micro watts/sq. cm.
to the chiller water  stream, well  above the minimum to eliminate a
major portion of viable pathogens  and viruses.  An analysis of BOD,
total solids, oil and grease, iron, chlorides, total plate count,
coliform count, salmonella incidence, poultry  virus incidence,
temperature  and adsorption at 253.7 nm, will be  conducted at
appropriate  time intervals and locations in the  continuous chiller
system.  The  principal site of the study will  be at Foster Farms Inc.,
located in Livingston, California.  This plant processes 180,000 birds
per day in a  two-shift, 15 hours,  operation.
                   ADDREM INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJICT OFFICIR
                                 7-64

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/iee.t rfeiotcbe-i  bnio.^tg a giant uncial Season    6 (b)
fe.dcAoi (Oaten. Foliation Conftiot Ac* (PL &4-660),  a.t> a/neiirferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   S800935

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Rum Distillery  Waste  Treatment by Anaerobic Digestion"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Bacardi Corporation
GPO Box 3549
San Juan,  Puerto Rico
00936
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Mr.  George  Keeler
 Headquarters,  EPA
 Paper  and  Food Products  Industries Sectioi
 Washington,  D.C.
Project Site:San Juan,  Puerto  Rico

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date:  May 10,  1972

Completion Date: May 9,  1973

Summary:
Project Cost:;   $128,725

Federal Cost:   $  89,758
     The general objective  of  the  Project  is  to  continue the investi-
 gation and development  of  an  anaerobic  digestion process for the
 treatment of rum distillery effluent  on a pilot plant scale.  Within
 this general objective  there  are  the  following  specific objectives:
     a.  To install  and  operate  a  500  gallon  anaerobic digestion
         pilot plant;

     b.  To determine  the  optimum  operating parameters for the anaero-
         bic digestion process  and to  determine  the variations in
         process efficiency as  a function  of  these parameters;

     c.  To conduct  limited bench  scale  investigations of an anaerobic
         reaction process  using  controlled cell  separation and recycle;

     d.  To verify the applicability of  proposed kinetic equations
         to describe the process and to  determine the values of the
         kinetic constants;

     e.  To establish  design criteria  and  to  develop a preliminary
         engineering design for  the  full-scale process; and

     f.  To estimate capital,  operation  and maintenance costs for
         a plant-scale installation.
                 ADDRfSS INQUIRIIS TO (PA PROJICT OFFICER
                              7-65

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 IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Th,iie.£ty a gtiant undei Station 	6 (b)
        Wote/i Pollution Control kct (PL 84-660), a.6 amended.
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12060 pDK

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   ADM Company Wastewater Treatment


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Archer Daniels Midland Company     Clifford Risley
   4666 Paries Parkway               Region V, EPA
   Decatur, Illinois  62525           l North Wacker Drive
                                    Chicago, Illinois   60606

 Project Site: Decatur, Illinois

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  March 16, 1970       Project  Cost:   $245,254

 Completion Date: September 15, 1971 Federal  Cost:   $106,677

. Summary;

 A full-scale (~0-5 mgd) development-demonstration project for emulsion breaking
 of the effluent wastewaters resulting from soybean processing for oil will be
 undertaken.  The project will develop and install the required additional
 facilities to break tight emulsions currently being discharged to a municipal
 sewer system.  The existing system contains an oil separator-skimmer and
 1-day retention lagoon.  To be explored will be primarily a two-stage chemical
 system, with other physical and biological alternatives  also to be evaluated.
 Also to be demonstrated is an ion exchange system for sodium removal and
 wash water recovery, as researched by the USDA.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 7-66

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                     PPB 12070
MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING

-------
                                  PPB 12070

             MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING
Industrial activities in the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Groups
35 (Machinery), 36 (Electrical Machinery),  and 37 (Transportation Equipment)
are included in this subprogram element.  Combined water usage is approximately
4.4 billion gallons per day or 4.5 per cent of industrial water use.  Approximately
0.38 billion gallons per day is used in processing operations.  Oil, particulate
matter, and cleaners constitute the principal contaminants in wastewaters that
arise in processes other than finishing operations.  The physical process of
sedimentation, flotation, and chemical neturalization are the most frequently
employed treatment methods.  Metal finishing operations, waste characteristics,
and treatment methods and objectives are similar to those described for PPB 12010.
Grant project priorities and objectives are as described on page 2-1 introductory
material relative to PPB 1201.  This program area (other than electroplating) is
implemented by Dr. Hugh B. Durham.  The program on electroplating is implemented
by Mr. John Ciancia.  The contacts for these individuals are indicated on page 2-1.

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                            PROJECT INDEX

  PPB 12070 - MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING


                                                        Project
12070      Grantee or Contractor                        Status*    Page

WPD 117    The Johns Hopkins University                    B       8-5

HEK        The Boeing Company                              C       8-6

HGH        Grumman Aerospace Corp.                          C       8-7
                                 *Project Status:
                                    A - Completed,  Final Report Available
                                    B - Final Report in Preparation
                                    C - Work Continuing
                                    D - Project Terminated
                               3-3

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th,i& 4/iee-t deic/u.be-5 bfu.e.faty a g-tmit undc.fi Section 5 Demonstration ,
fe.de.iaJL Watel Pollution Con&iot Act (PL 84-660), 04 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  WPD 117-03  (PPB 12070)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Management  of  Recycled Waste-Process Water Ponds


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Dr. Charles E. Renn               Dr. Herbert Skovronek
  Department of Environmental        Industrial Waste Treatment Branch
    Engineering Science             Edison Water Quality Research Division
  The Johns-Hopkins University      Edison, New Jersey  08817
  Baltimore, Maryland  21218
Project Site:   Hampstead, Maryland

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 1, 196?      Project Cost:  $180,921 (3rd year)

Completion Date: November 30, 1968 Federal Cost:   $39,627 (3rd year)

Summary;

The purpose of this project is to develop detailed information on the operational
techniques required to permit the utilization of a limited supply of treated
domestic wastewaters for a variety of manufacturing processes.   Requirements
for control of biological processes in wastewaters impounded and recycled
extensively within manufacturing  processes and operations are being investigated.

The project is being conducted at the Black and Decker Manufacturing  Co. plant
located in Hampstead, Md.  Operations in the plant involve stamping, pressing,
punching, grinding, forging, assembly, and performance testing in a controlled
environment requiring 2600 tons of refrigeration for air conditioning during
the warm months.  The water supply from wells is very limited.   Domestic
wastewaters are treated and routed to a nine-acre impoundment for recirculation
through the plant processes and operations.  A  "no-additional-cost11 time extension
has been requested to permit further evaluation through another summer season.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               8-5

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INFORMATION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   ~.v
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
a glapt andc.fi Station
6 (b)
Th-iA  4/tee.t rfeicAtbe,4
fe.dc.fLdt Waft? t Poltation Con&iot Ac£ (PL J4-660) ,  (L(>~ame.ndtd.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12070 HEK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Regeneration of Chromated Aluminum DeoxLdizer Solutions
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT. OFFICER:
  The Boeing Company            '    Dr. Hugh'B.  Durham
  Commercial Airplane Group         Industrial Waste Treatment Research Program
  P.O. Box 3707                    Environmental Protection Agency
  Seattle, Washington  98124       -Crosse lie, Michigan  48138
                   1 •                • j
Project Site: Seattle, Washington

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 1, 1971       Project Cost:   $61,300

Completion Date:  August 1, 1973   Federal Cost:   $30,650

Summary:

Preliminary research work indicates that it is feasible to regenerate chromate
deoxidizer solutions thus offering an alternative to the periodic dumping of
the spent or contaminated bath.  By applying chemical engineering technology
this project will  attempt to demonstrate .that it.is possible to maintain
acceptable performance of these solutions indefinitely.  By making this technology
available to all metal finishers, a significant reduction in total chromium
waste discharges can be achieved.  Prelinjinary studies and tests have indicated
that regeneration  costs will be considerably less than disposal and replacement
costs.         ..-'••
              i        i:     '  -    .             •
The proposed treatment method involves electrolytic regeneration of the active
compounds and cooling to remove the reaction products and bath impurities by
precipitation and  filtration.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               8-6

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET /TLEA1
                         WTE
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
   jj>  4/iee-t desctcfae^ bni&faly a giant undet. Section 	 6(b)     ,
 Pe.dc.iaJt Wate.1 Pollution Control Ac* (PL  &4-660), 04 amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12070 HGH

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment and Recovery of Fluoride Industrial Wastes
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Grumman Aerospace  Corp.
  Bethpage, New York 11714
 Project Site: Bethpage, New York

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: December 1, 1971
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 John Ciancla, Chief
 Industrial Research. Technology Branch
 Edison Water Quality Research Division, EPA
 Edison, New Jersey 08817
Project Cost: $55,978
 Completion Date: November 30, 1972 Federal Cost: $34,922

. Summary;

 A laboratory and pilot plant investigation will be conducted on metal processing
 wastes to develop fluoride treatment and recovery technology.  The approach
 will involve the use of precipitation (primary and secondary)  and ion exchange,
 either alone or in combination, to achieve various levels of fluoride in
 the treated effluent.  The study will include determining the best precipitating
 agents, ion exchange medium, and liquid solid separation technique, as well
 as parameter optimization and equipment selection.  An evaluation of the
 economics and effectiveness of the system will be made on the basis of the
 pilot-plant demonstration.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                 3-7

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           PPB 12080






STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS

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                                  PPB 12080

                       STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS
 In the manufacture of the  stone, clay and glass products, the main constituents
 are nonmetallic minerals.  As a consequence, the processing of these nonmetals
 into manufactured products results in wastes composed of sediments and
 suspensions ranging in size from coarse to extremely fine.  Further, depending
 upon the end product, the  constituent material., and the equipment, ingredients,
 and process of manufacture, there results a varied and voluminous waste stream.
 This wastewater may transport or combine with, in addition to the material
 being processed, the chemicals, abrasives, lubricants, metals or other expended
 materials used in the various manufacturing operations.

 The comments which follow are made to indicate the scope and variety of
 manufacturing operations among the almost 20,000 industrial establishments
 involved in the manufacture of products of stone, clay, glass and concrete.
 The manufacture of portland cement and the processing of coarse and fine
 aggregate, as well as the combination of all three with water to form concrete
 products, result in an extremely large volume of wastewater.  There are nearly
 300 cement plants and almost 5000 ready-mix or transit-mix concrete plants,
 together with site-located concrete-making plants numbering over 6000.

 The manufacture of brick and structural tile, ceramic wall and floor tile,
 and vitreous bathroom, kitchen, and table-ware involves nearly 1000  other
 installations where process and wash waters add to the pollutional load.
 Other building and construction materials such as lime and gypsum products and
 cut-stone products are produced by almost 1500 plants.  Glass in the form
 of sheets, containers, and other glassware, together with the items made from
 purchased glass, account for another 1500 or more manufacturers, many with
 similar and some with unique pollution problems.  The manufacturers of abrasive
 and asbestos products, gaskets, packing, insulation and nonmetallic mineral
 products constitute another large segment of industrial activity which contributes
 to the water pollution problem.

 For industries of the type mentioned, the wastes are varied and voluminous.
 The research, development, and demonstration of processes for the separation,
movement, and disposal or reprocessing of these wastes comprise the main
 objectives.  This requires a determination of the quality and quantity of
waste produced, the development of treatment procedures where none exist, and
 the upgrading of existing treatment procedures.  Among the anticipated results
 is the implementation of new, feasible treatment methods leading to reduced
 treatment costs, reduced water use, renovation and reuse of water and by-product
 recovery.
                                    9-1

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                                 PROJECT INDEX

                  PPB 12080 - STONEt  CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS


                                                             Project
12080       Grantee or  Contractor                            Status"**"     Page

HBM         Oregon Concrete and Aggregate Producers             B        9~8
            Association

EZF         Johns - Manville Products Corporation               A        9-9

GCH         Vermont Department of Water Resources               B        9-10
                                       Project Status.:
                                          A - CompletedYFinal Report Available
                                          B - Final Report ..in Preparation
                                          C - Work Continuing
                                          D - Project Terminated

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                            FINAL PROJECT REPORTS

                 PPB 12080 - STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS


Report Number         Title/Author

12080 EZF  09/70      Phenolic Water Reuse by Diatomite         GPO - $1.25
                      Filtration, Johns-Man'ville Products
                      Corporation, Manville, New Jersey.
                                  9-5

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LOCATION OF HYDRAUL.   CBMBJMT IJMJJUOTIU

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-iA 4/tee-C de,i c/ttbei b>u.e.£Jl!.y a. giant unrie^ Section   5 Research
       WateA. Pollu£i,on Con&iol Ac-t (PL 84-660), 04 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12080 HBM .

TITLE OF PROJECT:  State-of-the-Art of Ready Mix, Concrete and Aggregate
                  Production

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Oregon Concrete and Aggregate      Edward G. Shdo
    Producers Association           Region X, EPA
  11800 S. W. Fairfield             1200 Sixth Avenue
  Beaverton, Oregon                Seattle, Washington  98101

Project Site:  Beaverton, Oregon  97005

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30, 1971        Project Cost:  $27,400

Completion Date:   March 1, 1972    Federal Cost:  $23,600

Summary;

The study will involve the gathering of data to determine the kind and extent
of present treatment methods  for process water used  in aggregate production.
It will investigate the impact of the associated pollution problem and detail
existing treatment techniques.  Information on pollution loads, plant sizes,
removal efficiencies, and construction and operating costs will be reported.
Gaps in technology will be identified and recommendations for research and
priorities will be made directed towards abatement of water pollution and
recycling of the  process waters.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               9-8

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INFORMATION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de,i amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12080 EZF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Phenolic Wastewater Reuse by Diatomite Filtration


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Johns-Manville Products Corp.      Charles H. Ris
  Manville,  New Jersey              Industrial Pollution Control Branch
                                   Water Quality Research, EPA
                                   Washington, D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Defiance, Ohio

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September 1, 1967     Project Cost:   $164,700

Completion Date:  September 1, 1970 Federal Cost:    $82,350

Summary;

The fiberglass industry has long had a problem in disposing of wastewater
containing phenolic resins.  In the fiberglass manufacturing process,
airborne glass fibers are sprayed with a phenolic resin as the fiber blanket
is formed on the collecting conveyor, causing; a -deposit of resin to  form on
the conveyor chain.  Prompt cleaning before the deposit sets is needed to
permit continuous formation of the glass fiber mat.  The wastewater  originates
from the chain washing operation which uses either a caustic wash or high
volume showers to remove the resin deposits.

Under the demonstration project a chain cleaning - water reuse system was
installed which consists of low-volume,  high-pressure chain cleaning units
with water consumption of eight gallons  per minute at 1000 psi, two  stages
of primary filtration to remove large particles and fiber, and a secondary
diatomite filter to remove fine particulate matter.  The filtered water is
suitable for reuse in the binder batch,  overspray system, and the chain
cleaning units.

The water reuse system has reduced the quantity of water required for chain
cleaning, will use water 4-5 times before evaporation removes it from the
system, requires 1 Ib of diatomite per 500 gellons of resin-bearing  water
filtered, and provides water at a net cost of $.37/1000 gallons -vs- $.75A°00
gallons for  city water.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                9-9

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U  4/teet de5o>u£e4 bnsL&faty a giant undet. Section 	6 (b)     ,
fe.dc.iaJt WateA Poliution Con&iol Act (PI $4-660}, cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12080 GCH

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Granite Industry Wastewater Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Vermont Department of Water        Allyn Richardson
    Resources                      Region I, EPA
  Montpelier, Vermont  05602         John F. Kennedy Federal Building
                                  Boston, Massachusetts  02203

Project Site:  University of Vermont
              Burlington, Vermont  05401
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   September 1, 1970    Project Cost:  $87,868

Completion Date:  November 30, 197lFederal Cost:  $61,508

Summary;

The purpose is to develop and demonstrate a system capable of  abating the
water pollution generated in granite processing.

Included are studies to optimize industry operations, determine process water
demands, and verify wastewater characteristics. The development of solids-
liquid separation techniques are included, as well as the analysis of super-
natants and sludges aimed at the clarification of the former and the disposal
or reprocessing of  the latter.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               9-10

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      PPB 12090






TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

-------
                                  PPB 12090

                            TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
The R&D program for the textile industry receives support under the EPA grant
and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of the Clean Water Restoration
Act of 1966.  The objectives of the program are to:

    1.  Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the textile
        industry.
    2.  Research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to achieve
        at minimum cost the equivalent of 85 per cent and 99 per cent removal
        of contaminants and the technology to achieve water reuse.

The objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to universities,
industries, and municipalities and through in-house research activities carried
out by the Southeast Water Laboratory.

The wastewater flows may be identified with the following textile fibers and
processing operations:

    1.  Cotton:  sizing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing,
        printing, and finishing.
    2.  Wool:  scouring, dyeing, washing, carbonizing, and bleaching.
    3.  Noncellulose chemical fiber:  scouring., dyeing, bleaching, and special
        finishing.
    4.  Cellulose chemical fiber:  chemical preparation, scouring, dyeing,
        bleaching, and special finishing.

In 1968 the textile industry, as defined by SIC codes 221-223, 225-229/2823 and
2824, used 1127 billion gallons of water for the manufacturing processes.  The fresh
water intake was approximately 498 billion gallons, the consumption was 37
billion gallons and the industry had a water reuse factor of 2.3.
                                  10-1

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          PROJECT INDEX

PPB 12090 - TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS
12090
ECU
ECS
EOX
EOE
FWD
FZB
EUX
ESG
DWM
EQO
,GW
GIZ
HLO
PCO
800852
800294
800929
801192
Grantee or Contractor
North Carolina State University
Clemson University
Clemson University
North Carolina State University
American Association of Textile: Chemists and
Colorists
Georgia Institute of Technology
Fiber Industries, Inc.
American Enka Corporation
C.H. Masland and Sons
Palisades Industries, Inc.
Holliston Mills, Inc.
Southern Dyestuff Company
Cone Mills Corporation
Beaunit
Canton Textile Mills
North Carolina State University
LaFrance Industries
Blue-Ridge Winkler Textiles
Project
Status*
D
A
B
A
B .
A
A
A
A
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Page
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-17
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-21
10-22
10-23
10-24
10-25
                *Project Status:
                   A - Completed, Final Report Available
                   B - Final Report in Preparation
                   C — Work Continuing     *\^
                   D - Project Terminated      "\^

                10-3

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                      FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
Report Number

12090 EUX 10/70
12090 DWM 01/71
12090 ESG 01/71
12090 ECS 02/71
12090 EOE 01/72
12090 FZB 07/71
PPB 12090 - TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS

    Title/Author

    Reuse of Chemical Fiber Plant Waste
    Water and Cooling Water Slowdown,
    Fiber Industries, Inc., Charlotte,
    North Carolina, and Davis and
    Floyd Engineers Inc., Greenwood,
    South Carolina.

    Bio-Regenerated Activated Carbon
    Treatment of Textile Dye Waste
    Water, C.H. Masland and Sons,
    Wakefield, Rhode Island.

    Fine Precipitation and Recovery
    Viscose Rayon Waste Water, American
    Enka Company, Enka, North Carolina.

    State-of-the-Art of Textile Waste
    Treatment, Clemson University,
    Clemson, South Carolina.

    Water Pollution Reduction Through
    Recovery of Desizing  Wastes;  by Dept.
    of  Textile Chemistry,  North
    Carolina State  University, Raleigh,  NC

    Dyestuff Color Removal by Ionizing
    Radiation and Chemical Oxidation;
    T.  F. Craft, Engineering Experiment
    Station, Georgia Institute of
    Technology, Atlanta,  GA  30337
Source
GPO -    70C
GPO - $1.00
GPO  -  $1.00
GPO  -  $2.50
GPO -
60C
GPO -
                                10-5

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                                 .  LOCATION OF MAJOR FIBER K    FINISHING INDUSTRIES
o
                                                                                    v»;s isiA!,

                                                                                   at*--
                                                                                  PUtfllORICO

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/tce.t de,i cAtbe.4 bnie.£ly a gnant iwd&n Se.atx'.on    $ Research  ,
fe.dc.naJl  Wdten Pollution Control kcJL (PL S4-660],  a.*, amended.

PROJECT  NUMBER:  12090 ECU

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Textile Based Water Pollution-Information Study


GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Textile Chemistry    Harold  Snyder
  North Carolina State University    Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
  Raleigh, North Carolina  2?607     Water Quality Research, EPA
                                  Washington, D.C.  20242

Project  Site:  Raleigh, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 9, 1969          Project Cost:   $12,638

Completion Date:  June 8, 1971     Federal Cost:   $10,410

Summary;

This project involves the collection, abstracting and indexing of all available
literature dealing with water pollution from textile based sources and the
preparation and storage of this information  into the Water Resources Scientific
Information System. Information will also be correlated between the Water
Resources Scientific Information Center, USDI, the M.I.T. Textile Center, and
the Shirley Institute thesauri.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              10-8

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tku  4/tee-t de.icA,cfae4 bfae.&ly a. QUont undei Seotton    5 Research  ,
fe.dc.iaJt Motel Pollution Control Ac£ (PL  84-660),  06 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12090 ECS

TITLE OF PROJECT:   survey of the State-of-the-Art of  Textile Waste Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Textiles           Thomas N. Sargent
  School of IM & TS               Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
  Clemson University              College Station Road
  Clemson, South Carolina  29631    Athens, Georgia  30601

Project Site:  Clemson, South Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 24, 1969        Project Cost:   $31,675

Completion Date:   March 30, 1971   Federal Cost:   $30,007

Summary;

The study will include characterization  of the liquid wastes from the major
manufacturing processes with respect to  composition and quantity per unit of
production, identification of successful and unsuccessful treatment processes
and disposal practices presently in use, and suggestion of alternatives for
least satisfactory practices.  The study vri1.il be directed towards identifying
areas most in need of research and those areas where  research effort is most
likely to yield beneficial results.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               10-9

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     A/ieet deic/tcbei biie.&ty a gtiant undc.1 Se.cti.on   5 Research   ,
fe.dc.iat Wat.ei Pottution Ccmtiol Ac^  (PL &4-660], OA amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 EOX

TITLE OF PROJECT:  A Study of the Photochemical Degradation of Commercial
                 Dyes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Textiles            Dr. A. W. Garrison
  Clemson University    •           Southeast Water Laboratory,  EPA
  Clemson, South Carolina          College Station Road
                                 Athens, Georgia 30601

Project Site:  Clemson, South Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 20, 1969      Project Cost:  $34,040

Completion Date:  May 31, 1971    Federal Cost:  $31,539

Summary;

The objectives of this 12-month research project are to define and characterize
the products of decomposition resulting from ultraviolet radiation of selected
commercial textile dyes.   The characterization will include distinguishing
between photochemical and hydrolytically produced decomposition products.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              10-10

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de.ia>u.be4 bui^tij a giant undet Secfxlon    5 Research ,
Pe.dc.-ial Watei. Pollution Control Act (PL B4-660),  04  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 EOE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Water Pollution Reduction Through Recovery of Desizing
                  Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Textile Chemistry    Harold Sriyder
  North Carolina State University    Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
  Raleigh, North Carolina  27606     Water Quality Research,  EPA
                                  Washington,  D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Raleigh, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 6, 1969      Project Cost:   $39,688

Completion Date:  August 5, 1971    Federal Cost:   $35,833

Summary;
The objectives of this 12-month research project are to investigate processes
for the recovery of desizing wastes in solid or concentrated form suitable for
disposal and to investigate processes for the recovery of desizing wastes in
a reusable form. The wastes studied will be those  from fabrics sized with
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and starch.  In addition,
data will be collected concerning the biodegradability of the synthetic sizes.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               10-11

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th,it> 4/ieet de6otx.fa&4 bftAe.&ly a. g-tmtt unde.fi Section 5 Demonstration,
             Pollution Contnol Ac* (PL 14-660}, ai omenrfcrf.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 FWD

TITLE OF PROJECT:   A Study of Gamma Induced Oxidation of Textile Effluents


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  American Assoc. of Textile         Edmond Lomasney-
    Chemists and Colorists           Region IV,  EPA
  P.O. Box 12215                    1^21 Peachtree Street, N.E.
  Research Triangle Park,            Atlanta, Georgia  30309
    North Carolina
Project Site:  Oak Ridge, Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 13, 1970         Project Cost:   $50,000

Completion Date: September 12, 1971 Federal Cost:   $47,500

Summary;

During the project period, work will  be initiated to further develop and
optimize a high-pressure, radiolytic oxidation system.  The  oxidation system
is of laboratory-scale size and has initially been involved  in  joint
FWQA/ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) experiments.  Textile mill wastes,
such as dyes,  special finishing compounds, and other refractory wastes,will be
subjected to the treatment system.  Information  from the pilot-scale demonstratiqn
will be collected concerning optimum operating conditions, radiation dose,
temperature, pressure, and cost of treatment for various types  and
concentrations of waste.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               10-12

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-iA  4/iee.t rfeict-cbe-i b-tie^t/ a. g-tmit unrfc-t Section    5 Research  ,
fe.de.icLf. todten Pollution Control Act (PL  84-660),  at, omenrferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12090 FZB

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Dyestuff Color Removal by Ionizing Radiation and Chemical
                  Oxidation

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Engineering Experiment Station     Edmond Lomasney
  Georgia Institute of Technology    Region IV, EPA
  Atlanta, Georgia  30332           1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                                  Atlanta, Georgia 30309

Project Site:  Atlanta, Georgia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 16, 1970     Project Cost:   $37,685

Completion Date:  October 15, 1971  Federal Cost:   $35,801

Summary;

This 12-month project will investigate the feasibility of a method of treatment
dependent on the effects of a combination of ionizing radiation and variety
of chemical oxidants on textile dye wastes.  The degraded products will be examined
with regard to BOD, COD, TOG, color removal, biodegradability,  and toxicity to
treatment plant  biota.  A conceptual engineering design will be proposed and a
preliminary estimate of treatment costs  for a typical dye waste will be made.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               10-13

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t dtecfiibu bii.e.^ty a giant ande.fi Se.cti.on 	6 (b)    ,
fe.dt-lal (Oaten  Pollution Control Ac-t  [PL B4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12090 EUX

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Reuse of Chemical Fiber Plant Wastewater and  Cooling Water
                   Slowdown

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Fiber Industries, Inc.             R.  Thacker
   Box 10038                         Pollution Control Analysis  Branch
   Charlotte, North Carolina 28201    Water Quality Research, EPA
                                    Washington, B.C. 20242

Project Site:   Shelby, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 18, 1968       Project Cost:   $500,000

Completion Date: September 17, 1970Federal Cost:   $350,000

Summary;

Demonstration  studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of reusing
industrial and domestic wastewaters from a FORTREL Polyester manufacturing
plant.  The wastewaters consisted of organic chemical process wastes, cooling
system blowdown,  and domestic wastewaters from the plant.   Selected unit processes
and operations were  superimposed  on an existing activated sludge system in an
effort to improve the quality of  the treated discharge.  The cooling system
blowdown was pretreated with sulfur dioxide in an acidic environment to remove
the chromium.  The cooling water  biocides which passed through the chromium
reduction unit were observed for  their possible effect on  the biological
treatment system.  A plastic media trickling filter was evaluated for its effective-
ness as a roughing filter ahead of an activated sludge unit.  The effluent from
the secondary  treatment system was filtered through a microscreen and treated
with polymers  and/or carbon to remove color, COD, dissolved and suspended solids.

The results of these studies indicate that chromium can be removed from the cooling
tower blowdown for 210 per pound  of chromate and that the  type and concentration
of biocides normally used in cooling water are either destroyed in the chromate
reduction system  or exhibit no adverse effect on the  secondary and tertiary
treatment system.  The plastic media trickling filter operated with a sludge
recycle from the  clarifier and reduced the BOD by 40  per cent.  The 0.33 mgd
industrial and domestic wastewater can be treated and reused at a rate of 0.10
mgd for approximately 40$/LOOO gals.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO I PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                10-14

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th.iA 4/iee.t deic/itbe,i bui&fatij a gfiant  undci Section 	6  (b)	f
Fedeia£ (JJdtefi Pollution Control Act  (PL &4-660),  a* omciirferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12090 ESG

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Zinc Precipitation and Recovery from Viscose Rayon Wastewater
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  American Enka Corporation         Edmond Lomasney
  Enka, North Carolina              Region IV, EPA
                                   1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                                   Atlanta, Georgia 30309

Project Site:  Enka, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   May 24, 1968         Project Cost:   $980,417

Completion Date:  January 23, 1971 Federal Cost:   $282,700

Summary;

In May, 1968, the Industrial Pollution Control. Branch of the Water Quality Office
of the Environmental Protection Agency initiated a research and development
grant with American Enka Company to perfect an. improved process for the precip-
itation and recovery of soluble zinc in rayon manufacturing wastewaters.

In the production of viscose rayon, zinc sulfate is used as a component of the
acid spinning bath.  Zinc is lost in a dilute form at points where the acid
spun yarns are washed with water and at various points in the spinning bath
system.  The  novel zinc recovery system involves initial neutralization of the
waste stream  to  pH 6.0, sedimentation of insolubles, crystallization of zinc
hydroxide in  a high pH environment, sedimentation of zinc hydroxide, and
solubilization of the zinc with sulfuric acid.

This novel recovery system was operated at a 600 - 1000 gpm rate with 70 - 120
mg/1 of Zn in the feedwater.  The system can maintain an effluent concentration
of Zn less than 1 mg/1, which corresponds to 98 - 99 per cent removal efficiency.
The unique zinc  hydroxide sludge is easily concentrated to 5 - 7 per cent
solids by sedimentation and to 10 per cent solids by centrifugation. The sludge
particles obtained by this process are spheroids of 4 - 8 microns average
diameter, while  normally precipitated sludge particles resemble curved platelets
about 2 microns  in diameter.

A daily recovery of 2,000 pounds of zinc assures recovery of the 12.5 to 14-0
<£/Lb of Zn operating and maintenance costs.  The cost of zinc oxide purchased
by Enka amounts  to 15-6 $/lb of equivalent Zn.
                   AODRISS INQUimtS TO IPA PROJICT OfFICIB

                                10-15

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         EN VIRONMEN TAL PRO TEC TION A GENC Y
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t deicAtbe,4
a gfuint  untie*. Section
                                                      6 (b)
 Fe.deia£ Maten. Pof.tiiti.on Control Act (PL B4-660],  cn> amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 DM

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Bio-Regenerated Activated Carbon Treatment of Textile
                   Dye Wastewater
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
   C. H. Masland & Sons
   Wakefield,  Rhode Island
     EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
        Donald R. Smith
        New England Basins Office, EPA
        240 Highland Ave.
        Needham Heights, Massachusetts  02194
 Project  Site: Wakefield, Rhode Island

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   April 15, 1969       Project Cost:  $39,450

 Completion Date:  January 14, 1971  Federal Cost:  $2?,6l5

. Summary:

 In the final  report to this project a novel  approach to treating a highly
 colored textile dyeing waste effluent is described.  It comprises the removal
 by sorption of color bodies and other organic matter on activated carbon
 granules.  Spent  carbon granules are then subjected to a virule aerobic
 biological culture which desorbs and bio-oxidizes the desorbed matter, there-
 by regenerating the carbon for subsequent new sorption steps.

 Laboratory confirmation of the phenomenon is presented in the final report.
 Field testing of  the treatment process concept  in a 50,000-gpd plant installed
 at a yarn spinning mill (C.H. Masland & Sons, Wakefield, Rhode Island) is
 also reviewed.

 Color removal was virtually complete at two  flow rates evaluated: 8.5 gpm/sq.ft.
 and 15.6 gpm/sq.ft. carbon column bed flow.  TOG removal was 85 per cent or
 higher at 8.5 gpm/sq.ft. and only 48 per cent at 15.6 gpm/sq.ft.

 It was demonstrated that activated carbon had an adsorption capacity in excess
 of 3/4 pound  TOG  per pound of carbon when the carbon was reactivated only by
 biological means.  The estimated operating cost for decolorizing 1,000,000
 gpd is 8.3 cents/1000 gallons.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                10-16

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
  -o4 4/iee.t de-4(yw.be,4 bru.e.£iy a. gttcint undnn Sectum      6 (b)    „
Fedc.io£ Watet Pot£wU.on Control Ac£ (PL S4-660), out> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12090 EQO

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Demonstration of  a New Process for the Treatment of High
                  Pollutant Concentration Textile and Finishing Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Palisades Industries, Inc.         Donald R. Smith
  2 Columbia Street                 New England Basins Office, EPA
  Peace Dale, Rhode Island 02883    240 Highland Ave.
                                  Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194

Project Site:  Peace Dale, Rhode Island

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  October 3, 1969       Project Cost: $143,750

Completion Date:  September 2, 1971 Federal Cost:  $64,687

Summary;

The project will demonstrate the effectiveness of a pilot-scale treatment
system which would adequately treat a 50,000-gpd waste flow  from a textile dye
mill. The system consists of an aerated equalization basin, an anaerobic
activated carbon unit, an aerobic activated carbon unit and  an activated sludge
regeneration unit.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJfCT OFFICER

                              10-17

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

TkU 4/ice-t de-icAt.be.4 biie.^ly a giant  unde.1 Sec. turn 	6 (b)    ,
Pe.dc.ial Weitei Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660), af> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 EGW

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Treatment of Cotton Textile Waste by Enzymes and High Rate
                   Trickling Filter System

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Holliston Mills,  Inc.              Edmond Lomasney
  111 Lenox Street                  Region IV, EPA
  Norwood,  Massachusetts  02060      1421 Peachtree Street,  N.E.
                                   Atlanta, Georgia  30309

Project Site:  New Canton, Tennessee  37662

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 12, 1969    Project Cost:   $285,372

Completion Date: December 31, 1972Federal Cost:   $144,741

Summary;

The industry concerned purchases cotton greige goods and produces high-grade
book bindings.   The manufacturing processes which produce a waste flow are
desizing, caustic extraction, bleaching,  dyeing, and sizing.  The applicant
proposes to  substitute an enzyme desizing chemical in the desizing process which
will reduce  the  pH  and BOD load of the waste stream.   A treatment system employing
a primary clarifier, high-rate trickling  filter with plastic media, and a
secondary clarifier will be  used to treat the waste flow.  The sludge from
the treatment  system will then be subjected to an enzyme reaction which will
render it amenable to further biological  oxidation.

The effectiveness of the manufacturing process  change and the operating character-
istics and  efficiency of the trickling filter and sludge handling system will
be evaluated.
                   ADORfSS INQUIRItS TO IPA PROJICT OmCER

                               10-18

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t cfe-i amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12090 GIZ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Biological Oxidation and  Chemical Coagulation of Dyestuff
                  and Organic Chemical Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Southern Dyestuff Company         Edmond  Lomasney
  Division of Martin Marietta Corp.  Region  IV, EPA
  P.O. Box 10098                    1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
  Charlotte, North Carolina 28201   Atlanta, Georgia  30309

Project Site: Charlotte, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 26, 1971     Project Cost:    $1,515,900

Completion Date: July 26, 1973     Federal Cost:      $501,122

Summary;

The grantee will design, construct, operate, and evaluate  a waste treatment
system for the control of wastes from a textile dyestuff and organic chemicals
plant.  The plant produces over 200 different dyestuff products and more than
40 aromatic organic chemicals.  The plant will be designed to handle a flow of
2.2 mgd with a BOD of 760 mg/1, a COD of 1750 mg/1, suspended solids of 350
mg/1, and a high color content.  The waste treatment system consists of biological
decomposition of a thiosulfate waste stream, pH control of acid and alkaline
waste streams, and biological oxidation, coagulation and clarification of the
combined wastes.  The system will be operated for a 12-month period in order to
determine the unit process operating parameters and system characteristics.

In addition, pilot-plant studies will be conducted to determine the basic
design factors needed to upgrade the system's treatment capabilities for color
removal.
                   ADDRESS (INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                10-19

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                       TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/tee.t de.4cA.tbe4 bixe^t/ a quant twdei Suction     6(b)	,
Fe.dc.nal Mate.*. Foliation Control Ac£ (PL £4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 HLO

TITLE OF PROJECT: Catalyzed Bio-oxidation and  Clarification  of Integrated
                 Textile Wastes for Process Water REuse

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Cone Mills Corporation                M
Greensboro, North Carolina 27405       f' Thomas Sargent
                                     Southeast Water  Laboratory
                                     College Station  Road
                                     Athens, GA  30601
Project Site:Greensboro, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: August 17, 1971        Project Cost:   $115,  250

Completion Date September 17, 1972  Federal Cost:   $ 79,415

Summary:

In an effort to satisfy stream water quality standards of 99% BOD5
reduction, a 99+% nitrogen and phosphate reduction, and a 98% and
96% reduction in COD and suspended solids respectively,  the  grantee
will design, operate and evaluate a pilot scale system to achieve these
tertiary levels of treatment.  During this 13  month project, three variations
of an activated carbon catalyzed bio-oxidation process will  be evaluated.
The variations involve the use of various coagulant aids.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                 10-20

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IN FORM A T/O/V  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t deictx.be-6 biie.fity a giant uncial Section
                                                   6(b)
       Wo-tei Pollution Con&iot Ac-t (PL £4-660), 0.4 omewrferf.
PROJECT NUMBER: 12090 PCO

TITLE OF PROJECT: Activated Sludge Treatment of Nylon Wastewaters Using
                Enriched Air
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:

 Beaunit Fibers
 Etowah, Tennessee 37331
Project Site: Etowah, Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

                               Thomas  N. Sargent
                               Southeast Water Laboratory
                               College Station Rd.
                               Athens,  Georgia 30601
Award Date:  February 25, 1972    Project Cost:$338,807

Completion Date:  June 1, 1973     Federal Cost:$136,927

Summary:

 The  grantee  will design, construct and operate an  activated sludge system
 for  the treatment of Nylon 6.6 wastewaters.   The activated sludge will
 be aerated using off gases from the manufacturing  process containing 40%
 available oxygen.  The system will be designed for a 150,000 gpd flow with
 a biochemical osygen demand of 1124 pounds per day.  Water Quality Standards
 require that the system operate with removal efficiencies in excess of 92%

 The  treatment system will be operated for a 12 month period during which
 time raw waste characteristics, treatment process  parameters and cost of
 treatment will be monitored and evaluated.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                   10-21

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                                    6(b)
     Ahee-t de.4ctxbe-i bfiiz^ttj a. giant unde.1 Section
fe.de.iat Wate.1 Poitwtion Control Act (PL &4-660],  04  omendedr

PROJECT NUMBER:   800852

TITLE OF PROJECT: Optimum Treatment of Textile Finishing Wastes -
                Neutralization and Color Reduction
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
Canton Textile Mills
Canton,  Georgia  30114
Project Site: Canton, Georgia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: April 3, 1972
                                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                   Thomas N. Sargent
                                   Southeast Water  Laboratory
                                   College Station  Rd.
                                   Athens, Georgia  30601
                                Project Cost:  $364, 511
Completion Date: October 2, 1973   Federal Cost: $209,811

Summary:

Canton Textile Mills will demonstrate a system whereby  the biological
oxidation of textile finishing  wastes will be supplemented with flue gas
neutralization of  the waste stream for control of pH, and fly ash adsorp-
tion for the control of color.  The pretreatment and tertiary treatment
processes will augment an optimized biological oxidation system capable
of producing an effluent of 30  mg/1 BOD & SS.  The entire waste treatment
system will be designed to treat a 550,000 gallon per day waste flow and
will be operated for a 12 month period during which time operating
characteristics will be documented and evaluated.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                  10-22

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-iA 4/ieet de,icAtfae,5 b^ceX^w a qtiant undc.fi Section     6Cb)
FecfoAo£ Witex. Potfntion Con&iot Act  (PL S4-66G), at, amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  800294

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Recovery and Reuse of Synthetic Size from Textile
                 Finishing Wastewaters

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Department of Textile Chemistry      Thomas N. Sargent
North Carolina State University      Southeast Water Laboratory
Raleigh, North Carolina  27607       Environmental Protection Agency
                                   College Station Road
                                   Athens, Georgia  30601
Project Site:Raleigh, North Carolina

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 23, 1972    Project  Cost:  $72,771

Completion Date February 22,  1973  Federal  Cost:  $48,043

Summary:

The objective of this 12 month project is  to demonstrate in pilot scale,
a process for the  removal and recovery of carboxymethyl cellulose size
from textile finishing wastewaters.  Previous studies under EPA Grant
Project 12090 EOE  have identified  the technical and economic feasibility
of removing, recovering and reusing the CMC size.  The size will be removed
from dilute concentrations by chemical precipitation using alum.  Reuse
tests will be conducted to further evaluate and demonstrate the reuse
potential of the recovered material.  A final report will be prepared
concerning all aspects of the project.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                  10-23

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4 /ieet
                          a. gtiant (mdo.fi Section
6Cb)
Fe.dc.ftal blciteA Pollution Control Act (PL 84-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   800929

TITLE OF PROJECT Treatment and Reuse of Textile DyeHouse Wastewaters Using
               Reverse Osmosis
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
LaFrance  Industries
LaFrance, South Carolina  29631
Project Site:LaFrance, SC

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June  12, 1972
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Thomas N. Sargent
                              ORM-EPA
                              Southeast Water Laboratory
                              College Station Rd.
                              Athens, Georgia 30601
                           Project Cost: $293,350
Completion Date:February 11, 1974  Federal Cost:  $198,812

Summary:

This 20 month project will demonstrate in pilot scale the technical
feasibility of employing membrane technology for the treatment  and control
of textile dyehouse wastewaters.  Pilot scale reverse osmosis units will
evaluate  the use of cellulose  acetate and dynamic membrane systems for
the separation of dissolved solids and color concnetrates.  The resulting
retentate and permeate from the membrane units will be evaluated for recycle
and reuse potential in the dyeing processes.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                 10-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-U 4/iee-t  deicAcbei biie-f^ly a. quant andan Sect-con     6(b)	,
Fe.dc.iaJl ttntei Pollution Contiol Act (PL  &4-66Q),  cu>  o/nended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 801192

TITLE OF PROJECT: Activated Sludge and Alum Precipitation of Textile Dye and
                 Finishing Wastewaters

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Blue Ridge-Winkler Textiles           Thomas N. Sargent
Bangor,  Pennsylvania 18013           ORM-EPA
                                    Southeast Water Laboratory
                                    College Station Road
                                    Athens, Georgia 30601
Project Site: Bangor, Pennsylvania

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 22, 1972         Project Cost:   $264,615

Completion  Date: September 21,  i973Federal Cost:   $  96,156

Summary:

This 15 month project will demonstrate in full scale the operation of a newly
constructed 750,000 gpd wastewater treatment facility for the treatment of
textile dyeing and finishing wastewaters.  The wastewaters originate from
the dyeing  and finishing of synthetic and blend yarns and exhibit high
organic color content.   The treatment system includes the following processes:
equalization; nutrient  and pH control; activated sludge including secondary
sedimentation; alum coagulation consisting of rapid  mixing, flocullation
and final clarification; chlorination; and sludge dewatering.  Preliminary
plant operating data shows a potential for 95% reduction in BOD and a
90% reduction in color  contaminants.  The data collected will be sufficient
to characterize the raw wastewater, to determine the operating characteristics
of the  unit processes  ( especially with  respect to extent of color removal),
to fully establish the  system treatment  capabilities, and to determine the
cost of treatment under a variety of conditions.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

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        PPB 12100
LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS

-------
                                  PPB 12100

                          LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
Dun and Bradstreet lists 20,672 establishments under Standard Industrial
Classification Number 24, "Lumber and Wood Products, Except Furniture."  The
majority of these plants are operating a separate processing step in the conversion
of forest products to useable materials.  In this category are found sawmills;
veneer plants; plywood mills; hardboard, insulation board, and chipboard mills;
and wood preserving industries.  While this 'R&D Program is headquartered in
Washington, D.C., program support and in-house research aspects are centered at
the Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon.


The waste disposal problems generated by the lumber and wood products industry
are varied in nature and severity as to effect on receiving waters.  Water quality
degradation can be measured from the practice of log rafting and transport,
through log pond operation, with the leaching of soluble materials, from color,
and by bark debris being the principal effects.  Simple timber conversion steps,
as lumber production at sawmills, create waste which may contribute to water
pollution if not controlled,or to air pollution if burned.  For most larger
sawmill operations, wood residues (as chips and sawdust) are utilized in higher
value uses such as pulp, hardboard, chipboard, and insulation board manufacture.
The disposal of bark at sawmills and veneer mills is a current problem with growing
restraints on the burning of such wastes to prevent air.pollution.  Plywood mills,
wet process hardboard, and insulation board mills contribute water carried wastes
containing water soluble wood extractives, urea-formaldehyde and phenolic glue
residuals, fire retardants, pesticides, and wood fiber as the product may require.
Wood preservation utilizes a number of heavy metals, pentachlorophenol, creosote,
and oil in processing lumber, poles and piling.  Water carried wastes are derived
from these operations.

The R&D program objectives are aimed at assessing the impact of wastes on the
environment and the impact of in-plant control, or treatment, of wastes in reducing
their pollutional effect.  These objectives of waste control will largely be achieved
through a tightening of in-plant losses and water re-use as well as specific waste
treatment measures tailored for the problem existing.  This program should expand
in the future as added extramural projects are .-funded and personnel for in-house
research projects become available.
                                   11-1

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                   PROJECT INDEX

       PPB 12100 - LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS
12100
EBG
EZU
HIG
801202
801308
Grantee
Oregon
Klamath
Kopper s
Garret t
Mississ
Project
or Contractor Status*
State University
Plywood Corporation
Company , Inc .
Research & Development Corp.
ippi State University
B
B
C
C
C
Page
11-6
11-7
11-8
11-9
11-10
*Project Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated

                        11-3

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LOCATION OF MAJOR SAW iftKs AND PLANING MILLS
                                              VIHGiN ISUNGS

                                             at?--
                                           PUf RIO RICO

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th 4/tee-t deicfx.be-i b>u.e.£iy a giant unrfe'i Section   3 Research   >
Federal (date*. Potliition Con&iot Act (PL B4-660),  ai amc.nrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12100 EBG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Influence of Log Rafting on Water Quality


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Civil Engineering     H.K. Willard
  Oregon State University            Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
  Corvallis, Oregon 97331           200 Southwest 35th Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:   Corvallis, Oregon

DESCRIPTION  OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 1, 1970          Project Cost:  $21,740

Completion Date:   May 31, 1971    Federal Cost:  $20,633

Summary;

The project  objective  is to determine the extent  of log raft storage at selected
locations in the Pacific Northwest and, using data from previous experiments,
evaluate the potential contribution of log raft storage to water pollution in
those areas.

Research efforts during the first two grant years have provided laboratory and
field data which quantitate the pollution contributed by individual logs, log
segments, and small groups of logs in various water storage situations.  These
data must now be applied to the vast, but undetermined, quantity of logs in
water storage in the Pacific Northwest, so that a reliable estimate of the magnitudes
of this pollution source can be made.  This information is needed by state pollution
control authorities so that log handling and storage activities can be responsibly
controlled.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               11-6

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh.it>  4/iee-t de-i c/u.fae-4 bniahfy & giant unde.fi Section 	6 (b)	,
Fe.dc.ncLt Wciten Pollution ContAol hct (PL &4-660),  cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12100 EZU

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Aerobic Secondary Treatment of Plywood Glue Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Klamath Plywood Corporation       H.K. Willard
  P.O. Box 1239                    Pacific  Northwest Water Laboratory
  Klamath Falls, Oregon  97601      200 Southwest 35th Street
                                 Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site: Klamath Falls, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April 19,  1968      Project Cost:   $65,040

Completion Date: January 31, 1972  Federal Cost:   $42,028

Summary;

The project objectives of this grant are to design, construct, operate and
evaluate an extended aeration, activated sludge lagoon treatment plant on
urea-formaldehyde glue wastes in order to provide data for others to utilize in
efforts to abate water pollution.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJICT OFFICER

                              11-7

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
                  i
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de-icAifae,4 bfu.e.&iy a giant undc.fi Suction 	6  (b)
Fe.dc.fidi Watefi Poiiution Control Ac£ (PL  S4-660),  a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12100 KEG

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Treatment of Wood Preserving Wastewater by Chemical and
                  Biological Methods

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Koppers Company,  Inc.             James Phillips
  P.O. Box 270                     Region V, EPA
  Carbondale, Illinois  62901       1 North Wacker Drive
                                  Chicago, Illinois 60606

Project Site:  Carbondale,  Illinois

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   June  1,  1971        Project Cost:   $179,000

Completion Date:   June 1, 1973    Federal Cost:    $99,500

Summary;

The project consists of the design, construction,  and  operation of treatment
facilities for wood .preserving wastewaters.  The 25,000-gpd waste flow is
characterized by high BOD and COD, moderate concentrations of phenols, and low
pH.  The proposed treatment system will utilize pre-skimming and sedimentation,
pre-  and post-chlorination, and activated sludge  secondary treatment.  The
treatment system will be operated for a 12-month period in which performance
and cost of treatment will  be documentated.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              11-8

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET /TLEA
       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
    4/iee.t dtecfribu bui^ty a. giant undo.*. Section   6 (b)	,
Fe.diat Mate* Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660], cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 801202

TITLE OF PROJECT: "Pyrolysis of Industrial Waste for Oil and
               Activated Carbon Recovery"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Garrett Research &
Development  Co., Inc.
1855 Carrion Road
La Verne,  California 91750
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Dr. James I). Gallup
 EPA-Xerox Building Rm.
 Washington, D.C. 20460
316
Project Site:
            La Verne, California
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
Award Date:
          May  1, 1972
Completion Date:
          August 31, 1973
Summary:
Project Cost:   $440,746

Federal Cost:   $292,556
     The  objective of this research  project is to demonstrate
the economic  and technical effectiveness of the flash pyrolysis
process  to  dispose of industrial  wastes., principally bark,  with
the production of activated carbon and heating oil as by-products
A modified  four ton/day pilot plant  will be operated utilizing
bark,  rice  hulls, and cattle feedlot wastes to provide process
engineering data for the design of commercial scale demonstration
plants.
                ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                           11-9

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          PPB 12110






RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS

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                               PPB 12110

                     RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS
The R&D program for the rubber and plastics industry receives support
under the EPA grant and contract monies from Section 5 and Section 6 of
the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966.  The objectives of the program
are to:

     1.  Define the water pollution problem as it pertains to the rubber
         and plastics industry.
     2.  Research, develop, and demonstrate the required technology to
         achieve at minimum cost the equivalent of best practicable and
         best available treatment and closed loop systems.

The objectives are met through the awarding of grants and contracts to
universities, industries, and municipalities and through in-house research
activities carried out by the Grosse lie Field Station.

The wastewater flows may be identified with the manufacture of basic
resins organic chemicals and manufactured rubber products.  These
include the chemicals and raw materials for manufactured products:

     1.  Plastic resins - cellulose acetate, cellophane, polyvinyl
         chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile,
         acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, high denisty polyethylene,
         low density polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic, alkyd,
         unsaturated polyester, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde,
         phenolic, epoxy, polyacetal, urethane, nylon, and polycarbonate.
     2.  Rubber organic chemicals - styrene and butadiene.

In 1968 the rubber and plastics industry used 1106 billion gallons of
water for the manufacturing processes.  The fresh water intake was
approximately 427 billion gallons, the consumption was 42 billion gallons
and the industry had a water reuse factor of 2.6.
                                 12-1

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                           PROJECT INDEX

             PPB 12110 - RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS


                                                    Project
12110      Grantee or Contractor                    Status*     Page

DJI        B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co.                  A        12-5

GUT        General Tire & Rubber Company               C        12-6

GLP        Firestone Tire and Rubber Company           C        12-7
                                   *Project Status:
                                      A - Completed, Final Report Available
                                      B - Final Report in Preparation
                                      C - Work Continuing
                                      D - Project Terminated'
                                 12-3

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t de-icttbe-i bfiie.^ly a Qfuant andafi Section _ 6 (b)
             Pollution Con&iol Ac£ (PL S4-660),  a* omenrferf.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12020 DJI

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Waste Treatment Facilities for Polyvinyl Chloride
                  Manufacturing Plant

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company    Gilbert Horowitz
  3135 Euclid Avenue                Region III, EPA
  Cleveland, Ohio  44115            Curtis Building
                                   Sixth and Walnut Streets
                                   Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  19106
Project Site:  Salem County, New Jersey

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  July 2, 1968         Project Cost:   $823,100

Completion E be: December 1, 1971   Federal Cost:   $364,900

Summary;

This project involves the development, demonstration, and evaluation of the
bio-chemical treatment of wastewaters from a typical polyvinyl chloride
manufacturing plant at a 0.85~mgd scale  of operation.

The treatment system is to produce effluent to meet the receiving water
standards  (Delaware River) of BOD removal of greater than 85 per cent,
turbidity of not greater than 30 units above river water, and absence of
taste- and odor-producing substances.

The process will consist of chemical pretreatment with primary sedimentation,
followed by activated sludge secondary treatment and a final polishing pond.
Tertiary treatment studies with activated carbon are also contemplated to
determine the extent to which the secondary effluent will lend itself to
tertiary treatment, as future Delaware River standards may require the equivalent
of tertiary treatment.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               12-5

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t deicttbci biie.faly a. gteint irndtn. Section 	6 (b)     t
Fed(>ia£ W
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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,
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            PPB 12120
MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES

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                                  PPB 12120

                      MISCEIiANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Industrial wastes which are not clearly identified with any of the foregoing
subprogram elements and which are of insufficient number in any one group
to justify a separate category are included in this subprogram element.

This designation should in no way be construed as an indicator of low priority
or lack of interest, but rather as a convenience for R&D management purposes.

Activities involving the disposal of water treatment plant sludges, as well as
on ways of recovering water treatment chemicals, are included in this sub-
program.  Also, removal of synthetic detergents and reclamation of laundry
wastes, as well as water conservation, are activities of concern.  In addition,
the various tanning process, such as chrome, alum, and vegetable tanning,
are among the projects in the miscellaneous industrial category.

Objectives are to:

     1.  Demonstrate the effectiveness of anaerobic-anerobic lagooning of
         vegetable tanning wastes.
     2.  Demonstrate the feasibility of treating three types of leather tannages
         combined.
     3.  Demonstrate the suitability of treating mixed chrome tannery wastewater
         and sanitary sewage.
     4.  Investigate the suitability of water renovation and reuse in laundering
         operations.
     5.  Develop means and procedures for the recovery of water-softening chemicals
         and the disposal of water treatment plant sludges.
                                  13-1

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                   PROJECT INDEX
PPB 12120
12120
WPD 185
ERG

DOD
DIK
ESW
EUR

EFM
WPRD 133
DSG
EPC
ERF
FYF
FYV
GLE
HMZ
FRM
S800936
S801037
801203
- MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Grantee or Contractor
University of Cincinnati
American Water Works Association
Research Foundation
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
University of Virginia
Gainesville, Florida
American Water Works Association
Research Foundation
Cardwell Lace Leather Company
A.C. Lawrence Leather Company
S.B. Foot Tanning Company
Blueside Real Estate, Inc.
Berkey Film Processing
Ohio Department of Natural Resources
IIL/LSAA Technical Liaison Committee
Culligan International Company
Montgomery, Alabama
Albany, New York
American Water Works Association
Pfister & Vogel Tanning Company
Tanners' Council of America, Inc.

Pro j ect
Status*
A

A
B
A
A

A
B
A
C
C
B
C
C
C
C
B
C
C
C

Page
13-7

13-8
13-9
13-10
13-11

13-12
13-13
13-14
13-15
13-16
13-17
13-18
13-19
13-20
13-21
13-22
13-23
13-24
13-25
*Proj ect Status :
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report  in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated

                       13-3

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

   PPB 12120 - MISCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIAL SOURCES
Report Number

12120 ERC 08/69




12120 	 09/69



12120 	 09/70




12120 DIK 12/70




12120 ESW 06/71




12120 EUR 11/71
Title/Author

Disposal of Wastes from Water
Treatment Plants, American Water
Works Association Research
Foundation, New York-, New York.

Activated Sludge Treatment of
Chrome Tannery Wastes, A.C.
Lawrence Company, Peabody, Mass.

Treatment of Sole Leather
Source

NTIS
PB 186 157
GPO - $2.00
GPO - $1.25
Vegetable Tannery Wastes,  Dr. J.
David Eye, University of Cincinnati,
Ohio .

Anaerobic-Aerobic Lagoon Treatment GPO - $1.00
for Vegetable Tanning Wastes.
University of Virginia, Char lottesville ,
Virginia.
Magnesium Carbonate, A Recycled
Coagulant for Water Treatment; by
Dept. of Public Utilities, City
of Gainesville, Florida.

Information Resource:  Water
Pollution Control in the Water
Utility Industry; by American
Water Works Assoc. Research
Foundation, New York, New York.
GPO - $1.00
GPO - $1.50
                       13-5

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     i/tce-t de-iottbe^ bfiizfaiy a giant unde.fi. Se.dt.Lon 5 Demonstration .
fe.dc.fiat Watefi Pottuution Con&iot Act  (PL B4-660) ,  at, amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:   WPD 185-02-68    (PPB 12120)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Treatment of  Sole Leather Vegetable Tannery Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Environmental       George Webster
    Health Engineering              Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  University of Cincinnati          Water Quality Research, EPA
  Cincinnati, Ohio                  Washington, B.C.  20242

Project Site:  Marlinton, West Virginia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: May 1, 1968          Project Cost:    $70,325   (2nd year)

Completion Date: September 1, 1970 Federal Cost:    $29,325   (2nd year)

Summary;

Four major studies, two pilot-scale and two full-scale, were carried out during
the period of this investigation.  The basic objective of the studies was to
find a technically feasible and  economical procedure for treating the wastes
from a sole leather vegetable tannery.  A detailed identification of the
sources of all wastes as well as a comprehensive  characterization of each
waste fraction was made for the  International Shoe Company Tannery located
at Marlinton, West Virginia.

It was found that a large percentage of the pollutants initially were contained
in a relatively small fraction of the total waste volume. The treatment
scheme consisted of separation and pretreatment of the individual waste streams
followed by mixing all waste  streams for additional treatment in an anaerobic-
aerobic lagoon system.

The lime bearing wastes from the beamhouse were screened, treated with poly-
electrolytes, and then clarified.  The lime sludge was used  for landfill.   The
system was designed to treat  one million gallons  of waste per week.  BOD was
reduced 85-95 per cent and the suspended cost of  the total system was approximately
$40,000 and it is estimated that the operating cost will be  about $15,000
per year or 7 cents per hide  processed.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO I PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                13-7

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IN FOR MA  TION SHEET /TLEA1
                                                          ftTE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee-t ffeicAtb&i  btu.e.£iy a Qifint u.ndc.1 Section    5 Research
fe.dc..idi Wdt.en Po££utuw Con&iol Act  (PL &4-660) , a* amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12120 ERG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Disposal of Wastes  from Water Treatment Plants


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  American Water Works Association   George Webster
    Research Foundation             Industrial  Pollution Control Branch
  2 Park Avenue                    Water Quality Research,  EPA
  New York, New York 10016         Washington, B.C.  20242

Project Site:  New York , New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 25, 1968       Project Cost:  $53,250

Completion Date:   July 25,  1969    Federal Cost:  $46,305

Summary :

The final report to this project presents an intensive study of the disposal
of wastes from water treatment plants.  The wastes include filter washwater;
sludge resulting from coagulation,  softening, iron and manganese removal processes;
diatomaceous earth filtration; and  ion exchange  brines.  The  control of pollution
from these wastes is a high priority problem for the water utility industry.

A series of four status reports describe in detail what is known of the research,
engineering, plant operation, and regulatory aspects of the problem.  A special
report reviews current technology and  analyzes costs of disposal methods, based
on data collected from 15  operating plants.  A conference was organized to
provide expert evaluation  of each report and to  extend the data available.

Final reports were prepared by committees of conference participants to identify
future needs for information in each aspect of the waste disposal problem.  These
reports recommend substantially expanded programs of research and demonstration.
They include extensive lists of specific problems which must  be investigated
to develop effective and economical technology.   Committee reports also
recommend establishment of a central service to  promote the planning of research
and development, and to implement effective programs of new or improved technology.
The service would collect, coordinate, and disseminate data on all aspects of
water treatment plant waste disposal problems.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               13-8

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet de.icttbe.4 buiz^tg a. gtmnt andal Section 5 Demonstration,
Fe.dc.iaJt Wcit.cn Pollution Con&i.ol Act (PL 84-660),  a«  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12120 DOD

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Removal of Syndets and Reclamation of Laundry Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  Richard Keppler
  Research Division               Region I, EPA
  Troy, New York  12181            John F. Kennedy Federal Building
                                 Boston, Massachusetts  02203

Project Site:  Troy, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 1,  1968      Project Cost:   $53,090

Completion Date: November 1, 1971  Federal Cost:   $25,055

Summary;

The objective of this project is to optimize and evaluate the  best process or
combination of processes attainable for the treatment and recovery of laundromat
wastewaters.  Two commercially available treatment systems for laundromat
wastewaters are  to be used in the optimization and evaluation  project.  The needs
required to produce waste effluents suitable for discharge to  New York State
receiving waters and the treatment requirements to produce reusable water for
laundromats will  be determined and demonstrated.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               13-9

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IN FORM A TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-ti 4/teet rfexicttfae-i bru.e.&iy a. giant u.ndc.1 Se.vti.on 5 Demonstration,
Pe.dc.iaJt Wa-tei Pollution Contlol Act  [PL Z4-660),  a.f>  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12120 DIK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Anaerobic - Aerobic Lagoon Treatment for Vegetable Tanning
                  Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  University of  Virginia             George Webster
  Department of  Civil Engineering    Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  Charlottesville, Virginia  22903   Water Quality Research, EPA
                                    Washington, D.C.  20242

Project Site:  Luray, Virginia

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: January 18, 1969      Project Cost:    $68,500

Completion Date:  May 31,  1970     Federal Cost:    $17,801

Summary;

A field demonstration lagoon was operated at Virginia Oak Tannery, Inc.,
Luray, Virginia  to evaluate the effectiveness of an anaerobic-aerobic lagoon
in treating spent vegetable tannins  blended with batepool and soak wastewaters.
The anaerobic-aerobic lagoon system  was used to treat combined waste streams
with a BOD5 concentration of approximately 1000 mg/ . Aeration and volume of
the lagoon were  fixed and flow to the system was varied.   The system load
varied by increasing the flow so as  to observe five operational phases.
Operational phases were designed to  cause the system to go from aerobic
conditions to anaerobic-aerobic.  After reaching anaerobic-aerobic conditions,
doubling the BOD5 load did not result in a significant decrease in BOD^
removal efficiency.

Although the lagoon system proved successful in removing degradable organics,
color of the wastewater was not reduced by this method of treatment.  Color of
spent vegetable  tannins is a major problem and will dictate the most desirable
approach to treating this wastewater.

A completely mixed aeration unit was used in the laboratory to study the
biological degradation of spent vegetable tannins.  Concentrated and
diluted tannins  were studied by varying the detention time in the aeration
unit.  It was found that approximately 60 per cent of the COD of spent vegetable
tannins is not biological degradable and the generally accepted substrate-
growth interaction relationship required modification to take into account
the non-degradable fraction of COD.   Yield coefficients,  endogenous respiration
rate, and specific growth were computed from the results of the laboratory study.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO  EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                 13-10

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet cfeicAtfa&i buLn^tg a. gtiant unde..n. Secf/con    5 Research   ,
Fe.dc.fidt Witex.  Pollution Control kct (PL 84-660), a.t> o/nei-irfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 ESW

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Magnesium Carbonate, a Recycled  Coagulant for Water  Treatment


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  City of Gainesville, Florida      Edmond Lomasney
                                   Region IV, EPA
                                   1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                                   Atlanta, Georgia  30309

Project Site:  Gainesville, Florida

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  November 12, 1969     Project Cost:  $27,554

Completion Date:  June 11, 1971    Federal Cost:  $16,890

Summary:

The principal  investigator has a modified process for the recovery of MgO from
brucite or dolomite to the separation and essentially quantitative recovery of
the Mg (OH)2 present in lime-soda  softening sludges as very pure (99-7  per cent)
MgC03«  This new process has been  successfully tested on a pilot-plant  scale at
Dayton, Ohio,  for the past year and plans are now being made for the full-scale
recovery of MgC03 from the sludge  produced by both  of Dayton's softening plants.

Another improvement of the process makes it possible for each of the several
cities and industrial plants softening hard surface waters containing clay
turbidity to employ both lime recalcination and magnesium recovery.  This
will substantially reduce treatment costs and also  substantially eliminate a
major water pollution problem. Applications of MgC03 as -a coagulant to be
studied include the following:

     1.  Use in the removal of turbidity and organic color from soft surface
         waters.
     2.  Use in the removal of turbidity and organic color from hard or alkaline
         surface or well waters.
     3-  Use in flocculation or sewage and for many types of industrial wastes.
     4-  Use with synthetic organic anionic and cationic polymers in the three
         applications listed above.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJICT OFFICER

                                13-11

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET £CLEA]

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Th-U 4/tee.t de.ic/M.fae4 b?u.e.&iy a giant unde-t Section   5 Research   ,
 Fc.de.icLt Udtei PottwUon Con&iot Ac^: (PL £4-660),  a* mended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12120  EUR

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Information Resource for Water Pollution Control  in the Water
                  Utility Industry

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   American Water Works Association   George Webster
    Research Foundation            Industrial Pollution Control Branch
   2 Park Avenue                    Water Quality Research, EPA
   New York, New York 10016          Washington, B.C.  20242

 Project Site:  New York, New York

 BESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Bate:  June 28, 1970        Project Cost:  $42,720

 Completion Bate:  Becember 31, 1971Federal Cost:  $24,990

, Summary:

 The objective  of this project is to establish a research and development oriented
 information resource for the water utility industry.  The information center will
 provide efficient collection, synthesis, and dissemination  of information per-
 taining to the development and demonstration of water pollution control technology
 within the water utility industry.

 The available literature concerning the water pollution control technology of the
 water industry will be  abstracted and indexed for the Water Resources Scientific
 Information Center.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO IPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               13-12

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 IN FORM A  TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tk-iA Ahce-t de-icAibe-i  bfu.nfaty a gfoint ande.fi Section 	6 (b)     ,
 feddfiaJL Watefi Pollution Con&iol Act (PL 84-660],  a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 EFM

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Complete Treatment of Tannery  Industrial Waste  for Chrome
                   Tanning, Alum Tanning, and Vegetable Tanning

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Caldwell Lace Leather Company      James Westrick
   Auburn, Kentucky 42206            National Environmental Research Center, EPA
                                    Cincinnati, Ohio  45268


 Project Site:   Auburn, Kentucky

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: December  23, 1966      Project Cost:  $68,200

 Completion Date:  March 1, 1972    Federal Cost:  $46,340

. Summary;

 No completely satisfactory method has been devised for treating tannery industrial
 waste.   Since tanneries use large volumes of water, containing organic and
 inorganic matter, suitable treatment methods must be found.

 The objectives of the project are to demonstrate  the feasibility of completely
 treating tannery waste from the only plant in the United States that tans all
 three types of leather tannages (chrome, vegetable, and alum) and to obtain basic
 data to design full-scale treatment plants usable for any tannery.

 The basic plan is to develop methods to pretreat  the three present leather
 tannages, to combine their streams, and to completely treat tannery industrial
 waste.  The high alkaline content of beam house waste will be neutralized with
 high acid made up of various tannages.  The organic solids will be reduced in
 an anaerobic-aerobic lagoon.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                13-13

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-ti 4/iee.t de-ic^tbe-i b?u.e.faly a  giant undc.H Sect-con 	6  (b)    ,
fti.dc.naJt (OdteH Pollution Control Act (PL S4-660),  a*  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  WPRD 133-01-68   (PPB 12120)

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Activated Sludge Treatment of Chrome Tannery Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  A.C. Lawrence Leather Company     George Webster
  Division of Swift & Company       Industrial Pollution Control Branch
  10-18 Sawyer Street               Water Quality Research, EPA
  Peabody, Massachusetts            Washington,  D.C.  20242

Project Site: South Paris, Maine

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  August 30,  1967      Project Cost:   $124,593

Completion Date: September  30, 1971 Federal Cost:    $87,215
\
Summary;

The A.C. Lawrence Leather Company tannery at South Paris, Maine is a chrome  side
upper leather tannery.  The water use at the tannery is about 1.0 mgd.  Each
day the waste discharged from the tannery contains about 8,500 Ibs of 5-day,
20° BOD, 70,000 Ibs of total solids, of which about 17,000  Ibs are suspended
and 53jOOO Ibs are dissolved.  The pH of the wastewater varies from 5-0 to 12.0.
The daily waste discharge also  contains about 8,000 Ibs of  calcium, as CaCOo,
300 Ibs of sulfides, and 1,800  Ibs of chromium.

A waste treatment process was developed and tested,  in  pilot-plant scale, for
the treatment of the tannery wastes in combination with municipal sewage.  The
process consisted of the following steps in the order employed; equalizing and
mixing of the alkaline and acid wastes; primary sedimentation; carbonation
followed by upflow sedimentation;  addition of screened  municipal sewage;  activated
sludge treatment and secondary  sedimentation of the  mixed wastes; and chlorination.
The sludges resulting from the  treatment of the wastes  and  sewage were dewatered
by centrifuge and were found to be suitable for burial.  Design factors for
the various steps of the process  were developed and are presented in the  attached
report.  Studies were made of the fundamental systems and reactions which form
the basis for the processes employed in the pilot plant.

The results of the pilot-plant  investigation indicate that  by use of the methods
recommended, which are basically  conventional sewage treatment unit processes,
mixtures of chrome tannery wastes and municipal sewage  can  be treated successfully.


                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                13-14

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Th-iA 4/tee.t  ducJiibte bnie.£ly a gfuwt unde.fi Section 	6  (b)	,
fe.de.fiat Waten Pollution ContAol Ao£ (PL B4-660], 04 amenrfed.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12120  DSG

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Aerobic Biological Treatment, Sludge Dewatering,  and Disposal
                  and  Effluent Reuse for a Side; Leather Tannery
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  S.B.  Foot Tanning Company
  Red Wing, Minnesota
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Clarence C.  Oster
  Minnesota -  Wisconsin Field Office,  EPA
  7401 Lyndale Avenue South
  Minneapolis, Minnesota  55423
Project Site:  Red Wing, Minnesota

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  May 15, 1968         Project  Cost:  $2,046,268

Completion Date:   May 15, 1972   Federal  Cost:    $475,000

Summary;
This project will provide a full-scale demonstration and investigation of
primary  sedimentation, biological secondary treatment utilizing aerated lagoons,
and primary and secondary sludge dewatering and disposal by means of pressure
filtration and incineration.  The system will treat the total waste flow of
2.1 mgd  from the side leather tannery.  In addition, an evaluation will be conducted
to determine the influence of final treatment plant effluent reuse on hide
processing and quality of the finished product by reusing it in the "limepaddle"
and "wash soak" tanning operations.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                               13-15

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t deicAcb&i bui^^tg a gtuint imrfc't. Sect-con _ 6 (b)
       toiteri PoitnUon Control Act (PL &4-660] , a.4
PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 EPC

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Removal and Recovery of Sulfide from Tannery Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Blueside Real Estate , Inc.         William Banks
  800 N. Atlantic Ave.              Region VII, EPA
  Kansas City, Missouri  6^116       911 Walnut Street
                                  Kansas City, Missouri  64106

Project Site:  St. Joseph, Missouri

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   April 13, 19?0       Project Cost:  $388,900

Completion Date:  April 13, 1972   Federal Cost:  $110,950

Summary;

The basic objectives of the project are to translate pilot-plant results into
the development and demonstration on  a plant scale of a process for removing sulfide
from the effluent of a chrome tannery and recovering the sulfide in a form reuse-
able in the tannery.  The project -will demonstrate the technical feasibility
of the sulfide removal method and will determine the economics of the process
on a full-scale plant.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              13-16

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t  deic^cbei  buia^tg a. Qfcwt undo.fi Section _ 6 (b)
                                            ended.
                                              _
       Watex. Pollution Control Act (PL &4-660) , cut, amende

PROJECT NUMBER:   12120 ERF

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Treatment of Complex Cyanide Compounds for Reuse and
                  Disposal

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  Berkey Film Processing            Thomas Devine
  260 Lunenburg Street              New England Basins Office, EPA
  Fitchburg, Massachusetts  01420    240 Highland Avenue
                                  Needlam Heights, Massachusetts 02194

Project Site: Rochester, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  April  23, 1970       Project Cost:  $163,576

Completion Date: April 23, 1971    Federal Cost:  $114,415

Summary;

The basic objective in this project is  to research and develop methods for
the treatment of ferrocyanide waters from film processing for recovery and
disposal.  Recovery methods to be explored are ozonation and electrolytic
oxidation to f erri cyanide .  Treatment for disposal includes ozonation for
destruction, precipitation of complex cyanides, and chlorination.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              13-17

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IN FORMA TION SHEET
                  }
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH,  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Jh,(A 4/tce.t  de.Ae'u.fo&A bi^e^t/ a giant u.ndo.1 Sec.tx.oii 	6 (b)     ,
Fe.de.MJt Wdfr?t Potfation Conftio.t Ac^: (PL S4-660),  ai amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 FYF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Fluidized-Bed Incineration of Selected  Carbonaceous Industrial
                  Wastes

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Ohio Department of Natural         Eugene Harris
    Resources  '                     National Environmental Research  Center, EPA
  Ohio Departments Building          Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
  Columbus, Ohio  43215

Project Site:  Columbus, Ohio

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 25, 1970         Project Cost:  $140,818

Completion  Date:September 30, 1971 Federal Cost:   $98,573

Summary:

The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, with the assistance of the Battelle
Memorial Institute of Columbus, Ohio, will undertake a project with the following
objectives:

     1. Evaluation of the characteristics of aqueous wastes from  selected
        industries, including the paint, textile, rubber, and plastics
        industries, to determine their amenability to fluidized-bed incineration.
     2. Determination of the conditions required for burning the  selected wastes
        so that the carbonaceous constituents will be eliminated  without the
        production of noxious gases or other air pollution problems.
     3. Assessment of the overall technical and economic feasibility of fluid-
        ized-bed incineration for each waste under consideration.

The application and use of the fluidized-bed process to water pollution control
provides an effective means of treating certain types of industrial wastes
with the elimination of the discharge of pollutants into streams and sewers.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               13-18

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

     4/ie.e-t de.ic/u.b&i bfu.e.^ly a giant, unde.fi Section	6 (b)
        Wat.efi Pollution Control Act (PL  Z4-660),  a4~afnei/rfcd.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 FYV

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Modular Laundry Wastewater Treatment System for the Textile
                  Maintenance Industry

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  IIL/LSAA Technical Liaison        Arthur H.  Ms.llon, P.E.
    Committee                      Applied Science & Technology  Branch
  P.O. Box 242?                    Office of  Research & Monitoring, EPA
  Miami Beach, Florida 33140       Washington,  D.C.  20460

Project Site:  The Roscoe Company
              3517 W. Harrison, Chicago, Illinois  60624
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 1, 1971      Project Cost:  $185,277

Completion Date:  August 1, 1972   Federal Cost:  $122,613

Summary:

The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical and economic
feasibility of a modular treatment system applied, to an industrial laundry.

Specific  objectives are:

    1.  Design, building, operation, and evaluation of a modular laundry waste-
       water treatment system incorporating chemical flotation, dissolved air
        flotation, diatomaceous earth filtration, and vacuum filtration.
    2.  Conduction of a survey of selected textile maintenance plants to determine
       if, where, and how it may be possible to  reduce the pollutional load
       of laundry operation by modifying operating practices.
    3. Evaluation of how repeated reuse of renovated water affects the laundering
       process.
    4. Development of detailed cost and performance information for the modular
       treatment system.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               13-19

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,iA  4/iee.t de.ic/w.be6 b^te^t/ a quant unctet S
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice-t deic/w.be-4  bfu.e.£ly a. g/uint unrfei Sect-con 	6  (bj	,
fe.dc.fiat Waten Poitation Con&iot Ac* (PL 84-660),  a* omeiirferf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12120 HMZ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Mg(X>3  Coagulation in Treatment of Potable Water


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Water Works & Sanitary  Sewer       Edmond Lomasney
    Board                           Region IV, EPA
  City of Montgomery                1421 Peach-ree Street, N.E.
  P.Oo Box 1631                     Atlanta, Georgia 30309
  Montgomery, Alabama  3&102
Project Site:  Montgomery, Alabama

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 1,  1971         Project Cost:   $214,520

Completion Date:  May 31, 1973     Federal Cost:    $99,500

Summary;

The City of Montgomery under the direction of the consultant will operate
a pilot-scale facility to demonstrate the use of MgC03 as  a coagulant for
the treatment of municipal water.  The pilot system (50  gpm) will be operated
to verify the scale-up and operating parameters for a subsequent 10-mgd
demonstration and evaluation of the MgOO^ system.

The concept of using  MgC03 as a coagulant stems from the search for a
solution to the ever  increasing problem of disposing of  the alum sludges from
municipal water treatment. The concept to be piloted and demonstrated will
use MgC03 as the flocculant with MgOH precipitated with  the addition of lime.
A scheme for recycling the magnesium by carbonation with 002 will produce a
sludge which is easily dewatered and at the same time recover at least 90
per cent of the magnesium for reuse.  The project, activities will make operational,
technical, and cost comparisons between the MgC03 and conventional alum
coagulation systems.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                13-21

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-ti  4/ice-t deicttbei bui^^ly a giant undan Sectcon 	6 (b)     ,
fe.dc.l
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  IN FORM A TION  SHEET /tXEAl
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
  RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                    rATE
 T/tci .6 licet (feicttfaei bfu-tfaly a giant u.ndc.1 Sect-ton  5 Research  t
 f eddied. dJat.ci Pollution Ccwftiol Act (PL B4-660) , OA amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   S .800936
 TITLE OF PROJECT:  n ormation Resource for Water Pollution Control
               in the Water Utility Industry"
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 American Water Works As so
  Research  Foundation
 2 Park Avenue
 New York,  New York 10016
              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
              George Webs ter
              Industrial  Pollution Control
              Water Quality Research, EPA
              Washington,  D.C.  20242
Branch
 Project Site:    New YOrk,  New  YOrk

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
 Award Date:
Feb.  1,  1972   Project Cost :$46 , 9 53
 Completion Date: Jan. 31,  1973  Federal Cost: 26,147

. Summary:

     The  objective of this project is to establish  a  research and
development  oriented information  resource for the water utility
industry.  The information center will provide efficient collection,
synthesis, and dissemination of information pertaining to the develop-
ment and  emonstration of  water pollution control  technology within
the water  utility industry.

     The  available literature concerning the water  pollution control
technology of  the water industry  will be abstracted and indexed for the
Water Resources Scientific Information Center.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             13-23

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                         a gfuint unrfei Se.cti.on    5 (b)
Th-iA 4/iee-t c/Cx5 cAx.be,5         _                	
fe.dc.fiat Watex. Pottuti-on Con&iot Ac* (Pi B4-660), at, omeiirfcd.

PROJECT NUMBER:   S  801037

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Leather  Tannery Waste Management Through Process
                Change, Reuse  and Pretreatment"
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 Pfister & Vogel Tanning Co
 1531 No. Water Street,  P.O.
  Box 745
 Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 53201
                             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                             Inc.  William Banks
                                  EPA  Region VII
                                  1735 Baltimore, Room 249
                                  Kansas City, Missouri 64106
 Project Site:
                  Milwaukee, Wisconsin
 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: March 1,  1972      Project Cost: $275,  905

 Completion Date:   Feb.  28,  1974 Federal Cost:   99,842

. Summary:

     This project will demonstrate that  it  is  technically  and
economically feasible  to achieve  major  reductions  in  the pollution
load discharge from  a  large side  leather tannery through process
changes, reuse and recovery techniques  and  pretreatment methods.
Conventional batch type tanning  operations  will  be  replaced  by  newly
developed hide processing  machines in which the  hide  is not  removed
from the unit until  the tanning  step has been  completed.   This  process
change will  permit a waste volume reduction of approximately 50 percent
Additional major waste reductions will  result  from  the  recovery of
processing chemicals and the reuse and  pretreatment of  individual
waste streams.  Recovery of soluble proteins extracted  from  the hides
will be investigated.   Adequate  sampling will  be performed to achieve
parameter wieght balances  throughout multiple  process  cycles to
characterize the tannery effluent.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              13-24

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            PPB 12130






JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES

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                                  PPB 12130

                      JOINT IMDUSTRIAL/toJNICIPA]L WASTES
Joint industrial-municipal wastes are those wastes, treatable at a municipal
waste treatment plant, which contain an appreciable amount of waste originating
from industrial sources.  Projects included in this subprogram activity are
those in which the industrial load is more than the municipal domestic load.

Among the broad objectives of this subprogram are the demonstration of the
suitability for joint treatment of various categories of industrial wastes,
the permissible proportions of a particular industrial waste to domestic waste,
the ability of various joint systems to satisfy municipal plant effluent standards,
and the capability of joint treatment systems to renovate wastewaters for reuse.

Industries involved in the processing of minerals, carbohydrates, hydrocarbons,
refractory materials, and protein materials are of most concern.  The wastes are
voluminous and greatly varied.  They may originate in any of the industries
represented by any of the wastewater treatment research subprogram elements.
Their volume and composition are best described in the write-ups of the respective
industrial pollution control technology subprogram elements.

Use of municipal facilities is preferred by a majority of the smaller industries
and accounts for the largest number of establishments whose wastes are treated.
From a volume standpoint about two-thirds of industrial wastes are currently
treated in industrial waste treatment facilities and one-third are treated in
municipal facilities.

Although only 7.5 per cent of the wastewaters of major industrial establishments
are being disposed of to municipal sewers, sewering provided the principal
waste disposal method for seven of the 11 industrial sectors.  The seven industries
include food processing, textiles, rubber and plastics, machinery, electrical
machinery, transportation equipment, and miscellaneous manufacturing.  The wastes
of these seven industries are more amendable to treatment at municipal treat-
ment plants than the wastes of the four other industries:  paper and allied
products, chemicals, petroleum and coal, and primary metals.

In connection with the trend toward increased use of municipal facilities by
many industries, it is important to note the rapid increase in municipal treat-
ment capabilities.  Both the number of treatment, plants and the average level
of treatment have risen steadily, the growth being most marked since the
institution of federal grants for construction of waste treatment plants.  As
recently as I960, almost 30 per cent of the nation's sewered communities did
not have waste treatment provided to them.  By 1962 less than 20 per cent of
the total number of sewered communities were without waste treatment.  In 1970
less than 10 per cent were without some degree of waste treatment.  Moreover,
                                   14-1

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well over two-thirds of the sewered communities.now have secondary waste
treatment facilities.  Thus, municipal facilities have an increasing potential
capacity for handling many industrial wastes.

Joint systems for treating both municipal and industrial wastes in many cases
are likely to provide the means of attaining adequate water pollution control
most effectively and least expensively.  The extent to which joint handling
systems will increase over the next five years depends largely upon the managerial
ability of municipal and industrial officials and their willingness to enter
into such cooperative arrangements.  This,'in turn, will depend upon the costs
which industrial establishments are required to pay to use municipally-operated
facilities.  To the extent that appropriate charges and pretreatment requirements
are fixed and that joint treatment facilities are designed and operated
effectively, increased use of such facilities by industry may well lower overall
pollution control costs significantly over the next five years.

Reduction of many industrial wastes is often accomplished most efficiently
and economically by process modifications.  While the rate and effects of
technological change are difficult to evaluate, quantities of water used
per unit of production have been decreasing in most industries while recycling
to make more efficient use of water is increasing.  Moreover, modern operational
practices and engineering design increasingly stress waste control.

Industrial waste treatment costs are affected significantly by the methods
industry employs to reduce its wastes.  In general, waste reduction may be
accomplished through treatment by municipal facilities, by on-site treatment,
through process changes which lessen the amount or strength of wastes generated,
by ground disposal, or by combinations of these alternatives.

There are potentially great savings through the "economy of scale" when the
treatment facilities are designed to serve joint municipal-industrial needs.
Through the described program this area will be thoroughly researched.  Included
also is the possibility of encouraging industries to utilize the municipal
waste handling systems on a special fee basis.
                                   14-2

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                   PROJECT INDEX

   PPB 12130 - JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
12130
EDX
EKK
FAE
EZR
EJD
DLF
EOC
EGK
DJB
DBF
DPD
DUJ
DRT
DRO
ENF
FJQ
FAY
HFK
GER
801221
HRP
Grantee or Contractor
Green Bay, Wisconsin
South St. Paul, Minnesota
Onondaga County, New York
Dallas , Oregon
Hagerstown, Maryland
Tualatin, Oregon
Erie, Pennsylvania
Jacksonville, Arkansas
Grand Forks, North Dakota
Harriman, Tennessee
Macon, Georgia
Walton, New York
Stockton, California
Delaware River Basin Commission
State of Vermont
Kodiak , Alaska
Brooksville, Florida
State of Massachusetts
Miami Conservancy District
County of Hawaii
City of Gainesville
Pro j ect
Status*
A
B
A
A
C
B
A
A
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
A
D
C
C
C
C
Page
14-7
14-8
14-9
14-10
14-11
14-12
14-13
14-14
14-15
14-16
14-17
14-18
14-19
14-20
14-21
14-22
14-23
14-24
14-25
14-26
14-27
*Pro j ect Status:
A - Completed, Final Report Available
B - Final Report in Preparation
C - Work Continuing
D - Project Terminated

                         14-3

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE

   PPB 12130 - JOINT INDUSTRIAL/MUNICIPAL WASTES
Report Number

11060 EOC 07/69




11060 FAE 11/69



11060 FAE 04/71


11060 DPD 02/71
12130 EDX 07/70
12130 EZR 05/71
12130 EGK 06/71
12130 FJQ 06/71
12130 DUJ 09/71
Title/Author

Joint Municipal and Semichemical
Pulping Wastes, City of Erie,
Pennsylvania and Hammermill Paper
Company.
                                   Source
                                   GPO - $1.50
Feasibility of Joint Treatment in  NTIS
a Lake Watershed, Onondaga County, PB 201 698
New York.
                                   GPO - $4.50


                                   GPO - $1.25
Onondaga Lake Study, Onondaga
County, Syracuse, New York.

Combined Treatment of Municipal
Kraft Linerboard and Fiberboard
Manufacturing Wastes; by Board of
Water Commissioners, City of
Macon, Georgia, Georgia Kraft
Co., and Armstrong Cork Co.
Joint Treatment of Municipal SewageGPO - $6.00
and Pulp Mill Effluents, the Green
Bay Metro Sewage District, Green
Bay,  Wisconsin.

Combined Treatment of Domestic and GPO - $1.25
Industrial Wastes by Activated Sludge,
City  of Dallas, Oregon.

Biological Treatment of Chlorophenolic GPO - $1.50
Wastes , City of Jacksonville,
Arkansas.

Pollution Abatement and By-Product GPO - $1.00
Recovery in Shellfish and Fisheries
Processing, Food Chemical and Research
Labs., Inc., Seattle, Washington, and
Engineering Science of Alaska, Anchorage,
Alaska.
Whey Effluent Packed Tower
Trickling Filtration; by Quirk,
Lawler & Matusky Engineers,
Tappan, New York.
                                   GPO - $1.50
                         14-5

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Jh-U 4/ieet de.ic>u.be4 bfu.e.fcly a giant ande.fi Section   6 (a)(2)    ,
Fe.dc.iaf. dlatei Pollution Contiol Act  (PL &4-660),  af>  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 EDX

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Joint Treatment of Municipal  Sewage and Pulp Mill Effluents


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage   George R. Webster
     District                       Industrial Pollution Control Branch
   Green Bay, Wisconsin             Water Quality Research, EPA
                                   Washington,  D.C.  20242

Project Site:   Green Bay, Wisconsin

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   December 1, 1966     Project Cost:   $335,000

Completion Date: September 30,  1971Federal Cost:   $251,250

Summary:

This research project  determined the technical and economic feasibility of
jointly treating the influent to the present treatment facilities of the Green
Bay  Metropolitan Sewerage District in combination with the weak effluents from
the  pulping sections of  four local paper  mills,  specifically American Can Company,
Charmin Paper Products Company, Fort Howard Paper Company, and  Green Bay Packaging,
Inc.

Four activated sludge  processes (conventional, step aeration, contact stabiliza-
tion,  and Kraus) were  studied in parallel using 1-gpm pilot plants.  At the end
of the  12 months, the  conventional and  step aeration processes  were eliminated
from further consideration.  The contact  stabilization and Kraus processes were
studied for an additional four and one-half months.  Contact stabilization was
selected as the most promising process  and units were operated  for an additional
five months to obtain  refined design and  operating parameters for a full-scale
treatment plant.

Shortly after initial  start-up, the  pilot plants became infested with fila-
mentous organisms identified as a bacterial species of the genus Thiothrix.
a  sulfur-storing organism.  Of various  procedures implemented,  chlorination of
the return activated sludge successfully  controlled the growth  of filamentous
organisms which caused sludge bulking.  It  was also necessary to add nutrients
to achieve the desired BOD:N:P ratios.  Extensive solids-handling unit process
studies were  conducted at the pilot-plant site and in the  cooperating manufacturer's
laboratories.

                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                14-7

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IN FOR MA  TION  SHEET  /tXEA]
                                                         7VTE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jk.
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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee-t de-ic/u-be-i  buie.&ly a gfuint unrfel Section    6 (a)(2)    ,
fe.dc.iat Mate*. Pollution Control Ac-t  (PL &4-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 FAE

TITLE OF PROJECT:  A  Demonstration of Joint Municipal-Industrial Waste Treatment
                  in the Onondaga Lake Watershed

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Department of Public Works        Robert Flr-nt
  Onondaga County, New York         Rochester Field Office, EPA
                                  P.O. Box 4748
                                  Rochester, New York  14612

Project Site:  Onondaga County, New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  September 21, 196?   Project Cost:  $507,700

Completion Date: September 21, 1970Federal Cost:  $357,150

Summary;

Onondaga Lake has been a receptor of domestic and industrial wastes to such an
extent that it is now in an advanced stage of eutrophication.  This project is
part of a $20 million program to restore Onondaga Lake.

The objectives of this project are:

    1.  Demonstration of county-industry cooperative wastewater management of
        municipal-industrial wastes based on an entire watershed.
    2.  Illustration  of the feasibility of treatment of  mixtures of industrial
        and domestic  wastes.
    3.  Demonstration of the treatment of an industrial  waste stream with the
        waste effluent from another industry.
    4.  Evaluation of the effects of proposed management and treatment methods
        on the economics of the treatment processes and  on the restoration of
        the lake.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO fPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               14-9

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                                  . undc.fi Se.ctt.on
fe.dc.iaJt Write*.  Pollution Contiol Act (PL &4-660], a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 EZR

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Combined Treatment of Domestic  and Industrial Wastes by
                  Activated Sludge

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  City of Dallas, Oregon            Kenneth Dostal
                                   Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,  EPA
                                   200 Southwest 35th  Street
                                   Corvallis, Oregon  97330

Project Site:  Dallas, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  December 12,  1967     Project Cost:  $463,472

Completion Date:  May 1, 1971      Federal Cost:  $325,104

Summary;

The operation  of a completely aerobic secondary treatment facility for treat-
ment of combined domestic  and industrial wastewater from the City of Dallas,
Oregon, was  studied for a  period of 15 months.  The system was designed for
an average daily flow of 2.0 mgd and a BOD load of 7000  pounds per day.   The
results of this study indicate the flexibility  and economy of the completely
aerobic system, consisting of activated sludge with aerobic digestion, for a
small community with proportionately high industrial wastewater loads.  The
effluent BOD concentration averaged 8 mg/1 and  the effluent total suspended
solids concentration averaged 13 mg/1 for the 15-month study period.  The
biological solids yield averaged about 0.7 pounds of solids per pound of BOD
removed and the net accumulation of biological volatile  solids was about  0.42
pounds of volatile solids  per pound of BOD removed.  These values were obtained
with a MLSS concentration  range of 700 to 3000 mg/1, an  average sludge age of
19 days and an organic loading range of 0.05 to 0.40 pounds of BOD per pound
of MLSS per  day.  Total capital cost of the system was about 66 per cent  of
that for a conventional activated sludge plant,  and operation and maintenance
costs were only about 33 per cent of those for  a conventional system.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                14-10

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-U 4/iceC rfe,icyu.fae,4 bfu.e.^iy a. gw.nt unde.f. Sect-con     6 (a)(2)
fe.dc.iai WdtefL Poliuti.on Ccm&iot Ac/t (PL  &4-660) ,  05 amended.
PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 EJD

TITLE OF PROJECT:  A Pretreatment Study on Combined Industrial-Municipal Waste-
                  waters

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   City of Hagerstown, Maryland       Harold Snyder
                                   Oil and Hazardous Materials Program
                                   Water Quality Research, EPA
                                   Washington j D.C.

Project Site:  Hagerstovm Sewage Treatment Plant
              Hagerstown, Maryland
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   March 15, 1968      Project Ccst:   $427,853

Completion Date:   July 1, 1971     Federal Cost:   $320,890

Summary:

This project is to evaluate pretreatment techniques for textile dyeing wastes.
The dye wastes are reduced sulfur compounds with a high immediate and ultimate
oxygen demand that cannot be satisfied in an. activated sludge system.  The pre-
treatment  technique is to provide initial oxidation by diffused aeration,
chlorination, and the separate  additions of sodium nitrate and potassium
permanganate.  Ammoniation will  also be used.   The project will be for two years
and include a waste source investigation, detailed baseline analyses, construction
of the pretreatment facilities  and full-scale  paralleling of the treatment
system, and evaluation of the pretreatment techniques.
                  ADORISS INQUIRIfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
-ihee-t de.4cf,tfae-4
                           a. gfoint u.ndt-1 Section    6 (a) (2)
fe.dc.fLdi WatcA Pollution Con&tol Ac*  (PL &4-660], a* "amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 DLF

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Tertiary Treatment of Combined Domestic/Industrial Wastes
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:
  City of Tualatin, Oregon
Project Site:   Tualatin, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  March 20, 1968
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                             Dennis Taylor
                             Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, EPA
                             200 Southwest 35th Street
                             Corvallis, Oregon  97330
                            Project Cost:   $323,600
Completion Date: August 1, 1971   Federal Cost:  $230,800

Summary;
A secondary and tertiary sewage treatment plant will be constructed for treatment
of combined municipal and industrial wastes.   The industrial waste is generated
by the manufacture of dog food and will comprise 25 per cent of the BOD load on
the treatment plant.  The plant will be operated and studied for a period of
one year.  The tertiary plant (consisting of  flocculation,  settling, and filtration)'
will be operated with the addition of slum for phosphate removal during the
critical six months of low stream flow.  During the remainder of the year, the
secondary effluent will receive plain filtration to maintain a very high quality
effluent.  The feasibility of alternate methods of chemical sludge disposal and
the economics of tertiary treatment with phosphate removal  will be studied.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               04-12

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 IN FORM A  TION SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ieet deic>u.be6 btvizfity a. Qiant wtdei Section    6 (a)(2)    ,
 Fede.f.o£ Wcit.en PoltuLtion Con&Lot Act (PL £4-660),  cu>  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 EOC

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Joint Municipal and Semichemical Pulping Wastes


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   City of Erie                      George R. Webster
   Erie, Pennsylvania                Industrie!  Pollution Control Branch
                                    Water Quality Research,  EPA
                                    Washington,  D.C.  20242

 Project Site: Erie, Pennsylvania

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:    June 20, 1968         Project Cost:   $333,674

 Completion Date:   July 31,  1969   Federal Cost:    $88,230

.Summary;

 The  City of Erie, Pennsylvania and Hammermill Paper Company made a study of
 the  joint treatment of domestic sewage  and pulp and papermaking wastes.   A
 pilot plant was  constructed and operated in  a series of  controlled experiments.
 Supplemental studies were conducted in the Hammermill laboratories including
 the  operation of a bench-scale activated sludge plant.

 It was demonstrated that a joint treatment plant could effectively treat a
 mixture of domestic sewage and pulp and paper mill wastes from Hammermill's
 Erie Division.  A full-scale joint treatment plant should obtain a BOD removal
 of approximately 90 per cent in summer  months and 80 - 85 per cent in winter
 months.  Primary treatment should achieve a 25 per cent  reduction in BOD and
 a 60 per cent reduction in suspended solids.  Treatment  of mixed wastes  by
 the  activated sludge process will require a long solids  aeration period  and
 a relatively low BOD to volatile solids loading to avoid high sludge volume
 indicies.  The activated sludge process does not reduce  the color of the mixed
 wastes and the final effluent will have about 40 mg/1 of suspended solids.
 The  chlorine demand of the final effluent averaged over  60 mg/1.  A NH3~Cl2
 mixture added at a level of 2.6l ppm NHo and 15-17 ppm Cl2  showed promise as
 a disinfectant with coliform counts generally below 1,000/100 ml.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                                14-13

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 IN FORM A  TION SHEET

         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

 Jk-U  4/tea-t fteictibe-5 buie.^iy a Qtiant andci Section    6 (a)(2)   ;
 fe.dc.fiai Wfitefi Poiiution  Control Act (PL &4-660),  a*  ome.nrferf.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 EGK

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Biological Treatment of Chlorophenolic Wastes


 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
   City of Jacksonville,              George Putnicki
    Arkansas                        Region VI,  EPA
                                    1402 Elm Street
                                    Dallas, Texas  75202

 Project Site:  Jacksonville, Arkansas

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  July 1, 1968          Project Cost:   $243,313

 Completion Date:  October 31, 1970 Federal Cost:   $153,569

, Summary;

 In this project, installation of a completely stirred  aeration lagoon
 between an existing conventional sewage treatment plant and existing
 stabilization ponds avoided hydraulic overloading of the former and reduced
 BOD loading of the latter.  Joint treatment of domestic sewage and an industrial
 waste having high BOD and chlorophenols was facilitated.  This study confirmed
 earlier findings that the organisms present in domestic sewage readily
 destroy complex chlorophenols and related materials.   Glycolates and acetates
 contributing to the high BOD of the industrial waste were also readily
 oxidized biologically.  High sodium chloride levels  in the treated mixed
 waste did not adversely  effect biological activity.  Joint treatment of the
 complex Chlorophenolic wastes combined with normal sewage gave rise to
 biological data which did not differ in any significant manner from that
 to be expected in a similar system receiving only normal sewage.

 An historical background of the problem at Jacksonville, Arkansas} design
 and construction information, and the chemical and biological data resulting
 from  the system study are presented in the final report.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO CPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               14-14

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONS!RATION PROJECT
                                       Sectuw
       (Oaten. Poltatcon Control Act (PL £4-660} ,  a.*  amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 DJB

TITLE OF PROJECT:   Controlled Treatment of Combined Potato  Processing-Municipal
                  Wastes by Anerobic Fermentation, Aerobic Stabilization Process

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  City of Grand Forks, North Dakota  Christopher Timm
  P.O. Box 1518                    Region VIII, EPA
  Grand Forks, North Dakota         I860 Lincoln Street
                                  Denver, Colorado 80203

Project Site:  Grand Forks, North Dakota

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   July 1?, 1968        Project Cost:   $796,904

Completion Date:  August 1, 1973   Federal Cost:   $389,478

Summary;

A full-scale, 4«5-mgd demonstration and evaluation of the joint treatment of
municipal sewage in conjunction with potato processing wastes using several
pretreatment methods prior to final treatment  in existing stabilizations ponds
will be undertaken in this project.  The pretreatment methods include anerobic
and aerated treatment (in series, anerobic treatment alone, and aeration alone)
under varying seasonal waste load conditions.

In addition to determining the most efficient  operation of  the pretreatment
methods, the effects of these methods on the conventional stabilization ponds
will be extensively determined.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO (PA PROJECT OFFICER

                               14-15

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Tk-U 4/icet rfeicAthe,! bfu.e.^ly a giant unrtci Sec.ti.on    6 (a)(2)
fedc,ia£ Witcn PottaUon Confriot Ac£ (PL &4-660), a
-------
IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/ice.t de.icA,tfae^
                            a. giant unrfc-t Seatum     6  (a)(2)
fe.dc.tal Wdtei Poltuution Con&iot Ac*  (PL 84-660),  0,5" omcwrfcrf.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 DPD

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Combined Treatment of Municipal Kraft Linerboard and Fiber-
                  board Manufacturing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  The City of Macon
  City Hall
  Macon, Georgia 31201
Project Site:   Macon, Georgia

DESCRIPTION  OF  PROJECT

Award Date:   February 3, 1969

Completion Date:  May 2, 1971

Summary;
                            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Edmond Lomasney
                              Region IV, EPA
                              1421 Peachtree Street, N.E.
                              Atlanta, Georgia 30309
                            Project Cost:   $171,845-00

                            Federal Cost:   $128,883-75
The successful treatment of domestic waste from one drainage basin of the
City of Macon, Georgia, along with wastewater from an 850 ton-per-day Kraft
linerboard mill and a 600 ton-per-day groundwood-cold caustic structural
insulation board mill, was obtained in a 120 gallon-per-minute capacity plant.
A pro-rated quantity of the total flow of each waste was treated.

The pilot plant consisted of combined and/or separate primary sedimentation
units, followed by two parallel secondary treatment systems.  Each secondary
system received half of the plant influent.  One secondary system consisted of
24-30 hours of extended aeration, while the other consisted of a high rate
plastic media bio-filter followed by 12-15 hours of aeration.  Both systems had
secondary sedimentation and sludge return.

The secondary systems averaged approximately 92 per cent BOD removal with an
effluent concentration in the range of 50 mg/1 BOD.  Auxiliary studies indicated
that supplemental nutrients are not required.  Chlorine proved to be the best
disinfecting agent, but large amounts were required.  An organism in the ground-
wood-cold caustic operation interfered with the fecal coliform test, making
disinfection studies inconclusive. Settled secondary sludge was bulky, containing
one to three per cent solids, and was difficult to dewater.

Estimated construction and operating costs for combined and separate treatment
plants were prepared.  The combined plant utilizing plastic media bio-filters
along with 15-hour aeration is the most economical.  In comparison, the combined
system is more economical than separate facilities.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                14-17

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IN FORM A  TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee-t  de/icttbe.4  bnizfaJLy a gfcwt undt.n. Section
        Potfritton Con&iot hct (PL 84-660), at
                                                 6 (a)(2)
                                                amnnde.d.
PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 DUJ
TITLE OF PROJECT:
             Dynamic Process Development for Biological Treatment of Whey
             Bearing Wastes
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Village of Walton
  Village Hall
  21 North Street
  Walton, New York 13856
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                             Allyn Richardson
                             Region I, EPA
                             John F. Kennedy Federal Building
                             Boston, Massachusetts  02203
Project Site:   Walton, New York
               Hastings on the Hudson, New York
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  February 18, 1969    Project Cost:  $80,047

Completion Date:August 18, 1970    Federal Cost:  $52,730

Summary;

Efforts of this one-year bench and pilot study will be concentrated in resolving
problems associated with biological treatment of wastes from the manufacture of
cheese and associated dairy products.  Frequency response techniques will be
employed in the development of activated sludge systems with stable culture
separation characteristics. Odor control techniques will be evaluated in packed
tower trickling filter studies.  A selected process will be employed in an
on-site pilot plant.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              14-18

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
A /ieet rfe-icAcfae-A
                            a giant unrfei Section    6 (a)(2)
 Fette'to£ Mate*. PoiiwUon Contlot bet (PL &4-660],  aA  mended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 DRT
 TITLE OF PROJECT:
             Upstream Packing House Waste Treatment Demonstration,
             City of Stockton
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
   City Council
   City of Stockton
   Stockton, California
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                             Harold G. Keeler
                             Industrial Pollution Control Branch
                             Water Quality Research, EPA
                             Washington, B.C.  20242
 Project Site:  Stockton, California

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award  Date:  February 25, 1969    Project Cost:  $1,085,970

 Completion Date:  July 24, 1970    Federal Cost:    $381,078

. Summary:

 A full-scale (2 mgd)  development and demonstration of upstream treatment of packing-
 house  waste by use  of aerobic treatment in a combination use of high rate activated
 sludge and in-sewer treatment will be undertaken in this project.  The complex
 is anticipated to result in the reduction of BOD load to the municipal system
 of 80  per cent and  demonstration of the utility value of the conveying sewer
 line to further treat sewage and to reduce capitol expenditures over a typical
 activated sludge  plant otherwise required.  It is intended to consider the use
 of the Kehr process for partial upstream treatment during pilot studies.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRES TO [PA PROJECT OFFICER

                                14-19

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INFORMATION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     -i/ie&t cfeic/w.fae.5  btu.e.&ty a gfiant andc.fi Se.att.oit     6 (a)(2)   >
 Fe.dc.tLOt Wrt.fr? A. Potluti.on Contiot Ac*  (PL S4-660), ai amenrfed.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 DEO

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Deepwater  - Pilot-Plant  -  Engineering and Interception
                  Feasibility Study

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Delaware River Basin Commission    Gilbert Horowitz
  25 Scotch Road - P.O. Box 360     Region III, EPA
  Trenton, New Jersey 08603        Curtis Building
                                  Sixth and Walnut Streets
                                  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  19106
 Project Site:   Salem County, New Jersey

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:   April 1, 1969       Project Cost:  $995,650

Completion Date:  April 1, 1972   Federal Cost:  $646,700

Summary:

A pilot-plant and engineering study to develop a chemical-biological treatment
process for joint industrial-municipal wastes, capable of attaining at least
88 to 93 per cent removal of major pollutants will be completed in the project.
Design, operating, and cost information is to be obtained for an 80-mgd regional
treatment complex. The basic objectives of this project are:

     1.  Testing and  evaluation of advanced waste treatment processes for final
        effluent polishing.
     2.  Development  of suitable cost apportionment formulations for the treat-
        ment various industrial wastes by a joint regional complex operated by
        an interstate agency.
     3-  Development  and demonstration of the requirements for organizing,
        operating, and administering a regional facility by an interstate
        agency.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               14-20

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
 Tfu.6 5/iee.t rfc-icAcfae-i bfiie.faiy a. gfuint andc.fi Sec-turn    6 (a)(2)
 Pe.dc.-idt Wdt.cn. Pottwtion  Con&iot Ac/C (PL  S4-660),  ai"
 PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 ENF

 TITLE OF PROJECT:  Vermont Cheese Industry Pollution Abatement
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
   Department of Administration
   State of Vermont
   Montpelier, Vermont  05602
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Mr.  Max Cochrane
  NERC
  200  S.W. 35th St.
  Corvallis, Oregon   97330
 Project  Site:  East Georgia and East Wallingford, Vermont

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:  January 16, 1970      Project Cost:   $2,040,900

 Completion Date: January 16, 1973   Federal Cost:     $832,120

. Summary:

 A three-year comprehensive program with an estimated total cost of $3,700,000
 is planned for pollution abatement from the cheese industry, which contributes
 approximately 80 per cent of the industrial BOD load in the State of Vermont.
 The program will demonstrate the feasibility of economically eliminating 95
 per cent of the total whey produced in the state by use of a central whey drying
 facility which will produce material suitable for human consumption.  This
 facility, to be located in East Georgia, Vermont, will have a  processing
 capacity of 375,000,000 pounds of  fluid whey per year.  A study of unit process
 operations of Chedder, Cottage, Bakers and Mozzsirella plants will be conducted
 to increase solids  recovery and minimize waste generation. Concentration and
 utilization of cottage cheese rinse waters is planned, as well as determination
 of most suitable forms of treatment for the residual wastes.
                    ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO [PA PROJiCT OFFICER

                                14-21

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
fe.dc.-ial Wcit.cn Pollution Cantnol hct (PL $4-660}, a* amendecf.

PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 FJQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Pollution Abatement and By-Product Recovery in Shellfish
                 and Fisheries Processing - Phase I
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  City of Kodiak
  Box 685
  Kodiak, Alaska 99615
Project Site:   Kodiak, Alaska

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  April 6, 1970

Completion Date:  June 6, 1971

Summary:
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Kenneth Dostal
  Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory,  EPA
  200 Southwest 35th Street
  Corvallis, Oregon  97330
Project Cost:  $101,800

Federal Cost:   $49,952
This research and development project  involves the evaluation of the various
parameters involved in demonstrating the feasibility of constructing and operating
a by-product recovery system for shellfish and fishery processing plants.
Objectives include:

     1.  Conduction of an engineering  survey of industrial waste quantities.
     2.  Conduction of pilot-plant experiments on by-product operations.
     3.  Preparation of a pre-construction summary report.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO (PA PROJECT OFFICER

                              14-22

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/ice-t dcsct.tbe.4 b^te^y a giant andai Sc.cfx.fn    6 (a)(2)    ,
FedcAo£ Waf.e*. Pottwtion Confriol Act (PL £4-660),  0,4 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 FAY

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Aerobic-Anaerobic Pretreatment of Citrus Wastes


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  City Commission                  Dr.  David Hill
  City Hall                        Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
  Brooksville, Florida  33512       College Station Road
                                  Athens, Georgia  30601

Project Site:  Brooksville, Florida

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30, 1970        Project Cost:   $132,581

Completion Date:   March 1, 1972   Federal Cost:    $88,l6l

Summary;

During the grant  period, the grantee will verify the design parameters for and
determine the feasibility of operating an aerobic-anaerobic pretreatment system
for a citrus fruit processing plant.  The treatment facility will be located on
city property and will be operated by the City of Brooksville.  The pretreatment
system consists of two aerobic basins with mechanical aerators and two anaerobic
basins.  These basins will be operated in sequences and combinations and under
various biological conditions to determine the optimum system.  The hydraulic
capacity of the system is 1/14,000 gpd with effluent requirements of 250 mg/1
BOD, 100 mg/1 suspended solids, and pH of 6.5-8.5.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIfS TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               14-23

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

T/tU 4/iee.t  deicAtbe-5 bfiie.fali/ a. gfunnt. andc.fi Section 	6 (b)	,
Fc.dc.ftal dJdteft Pollution Con&iol Act  (PL 54-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 HFK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Grease Removal and Pilot-Scale  Biological Oxidation of
                  Wool  Scouring Wastewaters

GRANTEE OR  CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Division  of Water Pollution       Thomas Sargent
    Control                       Southeast Water Laboratory, EPA
  Commonwealth of Massachusetts     College  Station Road
  100 Cambridge Street             Athens,  Georgia  30601
  Boston, Massachusetts   02202
Project Site: South Barre, Massachusetts

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  June 30, 1971        Project Cost:   $162,000

Completion  Date:  July 30, 1972    Federal Cost:    $98,482

Summary;

The State of Massachusetts will direct  a project to demonstrate in pilot
scale the feasibility of  modifying a grease removal system and imploying
an optimized extended aeration system for the removal of organic contaminants
from wool-scouring wastewaters.  The Barre Wool Combing Company in South
Barre, Massachusetts, has a wool-scouring wastewater flow of 290,000 gallons
per day which is very high in grease, suspended solids, and biochemical
oxygen demand.  The pilot-scale treatment system will be operated at a 1000-
gpd rate for a 7-month period to allow  for evaluation of the treatment
processes through the winter months.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                14-24

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     .6licet de.icttbe4 biA.e.^ly a. Q>w.nt undzn. Section    6 (a)(2)    ,
 fe.dc.nat Wo-tei. Pollution Con&iol Act (PL S4-660), ai amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   12130 GER

 TITLE OF PROJECT:   Optimization of Combined Industrial-Municipal Waste Treatment
                   Through Automation and Reuse

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT  OFFICER:
  The Miami Conservancy District     James Phillips
  38 East Monument Avenue            Region V, EPA
  Dayton, Ohio 45402                1 North Wacker Drive
                                   Chicago, Illinois  60606

 Project Site:   Franklin, Ohio

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date:   October 1, 1971      Project Cost:   $1,240,700

 Completion Date:   June 1, 1973    Federal Cost:     $606,900

 Summary;

The project plan is to construct and operate a regional type waste treatment
facility which will serve all industrial  and municipal users within  the service
area.  The plant will result in the abandonment of the existing City of Franklin
sewage treatment plant and four industrial treatment facilities, all of which
are grossly inadequate.  The project will stress high reliability and performance,
flexibility, economy, recovery and recycle of pollutants and treated wastewater,
and automation of waste treatment systems.

The project plant includes the evaluation and economic analysis of:

    1.  Separate industrial collection, primary treatment, and solids disposal
        facilities.
    2.  Recovery and reuse of industrial  by-products.
    3.  Reuse of treated wastewater for industrial process.
    4-  Waste solids disposal by soil stabilization.
    5.  Secondary treatment of combined industrial waste by: (a) plug flow,
        hybrid flow, and completely mixed aerated, stabilization, (b) activated
        sludge, and (c)  contact stabilization.
    6.  Process control computer.
                   ADORES} INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                                14-25

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 IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     6/teet de,icAcb&i bfu.e.£ty a gfuint undc.fi. Secfx.cm   6 (b)	,
 fedilat Wat.QH Pottu.ti.on Contfi.ot Ac* (PL &4-66Q], a-s  amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:   801221

 TITLE OF PROJECT: "Ecostatic Cane Processing System - Pilot  Phase"
 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 County  of Hawaii
 25  Aupuni Street
 Hilo,  Hawaii 96783
                EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                Kenneth  Dos tal
                EPA-NERC
                200  S.W.  35th Street
                Corvallis,  Oregon  97330
 Project Site:  Pepeekeo, Hawaii

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
 Award Date:
April 1,  1972    Project Cost:  $979,390
 Completion Date: March 3, 1973  Federal Cost: $109,000

. Summary:

       The applicant proposes to pilot plant several system on  a  large
 scale  which,  if successful, would result in the processing of  raw
 cane sugar with no discharge of liquid wastes to the environment
 and provide proper handling techniques for the various  forms
 of solid waste.  Systems to be evaluated include:  a field harvester-
 cleaner, a dry cane cleaner, a juice wet cane cleaner (with juice
 added  back to the process stream), a trash dry cleaner,  a trash
 wet cleaner with silt removal and complete recycle of water on
 a  stabilized  slope disposal system for thickened muds.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                             14-26

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IN FORM A TION SHEET /TLEA]
                                                        ATE
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
	 4/iee-t de-icAcbes bfu.e.faly a giant undet Secfcuw     5  	
fe.dc.idl Wat.ei Pollution Cantiol Ae-t (PL &4-66Q],  cu> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  12130 HRA

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Tertiary Treatment of Municipal and Industrial
                 Waste Waters with Recycled MgCC^ and Lime
 GMNTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Department of Public Utilities
 City of Gainsville
 Gainsville, Florida  32601


 Project Site:Gainsville, Florida

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: July  1, 1971

 Completion Date:June 30, 1973

. Summary:
                              EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                Edmond Lomasney
                                Region IV, EPA
                                1421 Peachtree Street,  N.E.
                                Atlanta, Georgia  30309
                              Project Cost: $141,280

                              Federal Cost: $ 64,280
During this 24 month project  laboratory investigations will be initiated
to develop the technology for using MgCOo and Lime in a tertiary
clarification process for the treatment of selected industrial and
municipal waste waters.  The  techniques for the recovery and reuse of
MgCC>3 and Lime will be optimized for the waste waters under evaluation.
Data obtained from the development activities will be utilized to design and
operate a pilot scale system  for the evaluation of the clarification process
on municipal wastes.
                 ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               14-27

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH.  DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                           a Qnant wn.de.>i Seat-con      6(a)(2)    ,
tt.dc.naJL WfttG/t Pollution Control Act {PL S4-660),  a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  (12130 GCR) 800773

TITLE OF PROJECT: Development of Treatment and Control  Technology for  Refractory
                 Petrochemical Wastes

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Department  of Commerce & Industry    L. Frank Mayhue
   State of  Louisiana
 P.O. Box  44185
 Baton Rouge, Louisiana   70804

Project Site: New Orleans and Baton Rouge, Louisiana

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:February 2,  1972        Project Cost:  $827,587

Completion Date:February  1975      Federal Cost:  $457,750

Summary:

The objectives of this  research project are:  (1)  To develop and demonstrate
waste treatment procedures for the reduction  of 'refractory petrochemical
wastes, equivalent to or  exceeding that level of treatment attainable  by
biological treatment processes.  Emphasis will be placed on the reduction of
waste constituents affecting potable water supplies,  aquatic and marine life
with respect to tainting  and odor.  The process to be investigated (individually
or in combination) will include biological oxidation, solvent extraction,
adsorption,  and ozone oxidation; (2) The development  of an economical  source
of activated carbon from  a waste petroleum based carbon by-product stream; and
(3) A quantitative definition as to which refractory  compounds pose as
hazards in the lower Mississippi in current and projected concentrations,
and the effect of industrial growth on steam  quality.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                14-28

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    PPB 16130







THERMAL POLLUTION

-------
                             PPB 16130

                         THERMAL POLLUTION
     Of the four categories of water users in 1965, (1) Municipal
(2) Industrial (3) Steam electric power, (4) Agriculture-livestock;
the steam-electric power water user was second largest with 85,000
mgd usage.  Only agriculture was a larger user.  In 1980 steam -
electric power will be the largest user (193,000 mgd vs 138,000 mgd
for agriculture - livestock).

     While a number of public utility power producing and industrial
power producing plants make use of cooling towers in order to reduce
the amount of heat rejected into bodies of water, the majority of
the existing plants make use of once - through cooling water and
have no provision for water reuse towers.  While some existing power
plants are adding cooling towers, ponds, and cannals, a large
percentage of new plants are making provisions for water reuse as
part of the original installation.  Each power producing facility and
its associated ecosystem must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis
in order to determine whether such devices as cooling tower need
be included.

     The projects listed here cover technology areas suitable for once
through, or reuse, of cooling waters in some way:  they investigate
the effects of waters plumes in bodies of water, they determine the amount
of. drift coming from cooling towers, they evaluate beneficial uses
of heated water in agriculture.etc.  If all the remaining power
plants expressed a willingness to install equipment to reduce or
eliminate thermal discharges, the optimum technology for each facility
would still have to be evaluated on an individual basis.  The underlying
motivation for the R&D portion of the thermal pollution program is
therefore to develop technology which can be used in the overall
determination of the best pollution abatement methods for any given
facility or plant.
                                15-1

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                               PROJECT  INDEX
                             THERMAL POLLUTION
                                                          Project
PPB//
801433
16130 HLX
16130 EIK
16130 HKK
16130 GSD
16130 GNK
16130 EMQ
16130 FSU
800435
16130 FDQ
800613
16130 FPE
801004
16130 FLM
Grantee or Contractor
State of Maryland
Union Carbide
Eugene Water and Electric Board
Hittman Associates
Environmental System Laboratory
Environmental Systems Corporation
Purdue Research Foundation
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.
University of Minn.
Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University
Washington State University
Status *
E
E
C
E
E
C
C
C
C
C
E
Page
15-10
15-11
15-12
15-13
15-14
15-15
15-16
15-17
15-18
15-19
15-20
A
B
C
D
E
Project Status

  Completed, Final Report Available
  Final Report in Preparation
  Work Continuing
  Project Terminated
  New Project
                                     15-3

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
           PPB 16130 - THERMAL POLLUTION
Report Number

16130 	 09/68
Title/Author
Source
Industrial Waste Guide on   NT IS - PB 197 262
Thermal Pollution; by
Pacific Northwest Water Lab.,
FWPCA, Corvallis, OR
16130 	 12/68
16130 DHS 07/69
Experimental Study of Warm
Water Flow Into Impoundments
Part I
Part II
Part III
by St. Anthony Falls
Hydraulic Lab., Univ. of
Minnesota

A Survey of Alternate
                                                NTIS - PB 188 512
                                                NTIS - PB 188 513
                                                NTIS - PB 188 514
GPO - $1.25
                    Methods for Cooling Condenser
                    Discharge Water—Large Scale
                    Heat Rejection Equipment; by
                    Dynatech
                    Mass .
         R/D Co., Cambridge,
16130 	 09/69
Working Paper No. 67:       **
Economic Aspects of Thermal
Pollution Control in the
Electric Power Industry; b y
Alden G. Christiansen and
Bruce A. Tichenor, Pacific
Northwest Water Lab., FWPCA,
Corvallis, OR
16130 ENT 12/69
16130 EXT 12/69
Thermal Pollution: Status of(Vanderbilt - $4.00)
the Art;  by Vanderbilt Univ.,
Nashville, Tennessee

Mathematical Models for the GPO - $1.50
Prediction of Thermal Energy
Change in Impoundments; by
Water Resources Engineers Inc.,
Walnut Creek, CA
16130 	 04/70
Guidelines;  Biological
Surveys at Proposed Heat
Discharge Sites; by Ronald R.
Carton, Pacific Northwest Water
Lab., FWQA, Corvallis, Oregon
and Ralph D. Harkins,  Robt. S.
Kerr Water Research Center,
FWQA, Ada, OK
GPO - $1.00
                            15-5

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
           PPB 16130 - THERMAL POLLUTION
Report Number

16130 DFX 05/70
16130 DHS 08/70
 16130  FHJ  09/70
 16130  	  10/70
 16130 DWO  10/70
16130 DHS 11/70
16130 EES 11/70
Title/Author
                                                Source
An Engineering-Economic
Study of Cooling Pond
Performance;  by Littleton
Research and Engr., Littleton,
Mass .
                            GPO - $1.50
                             NTIS  -  PB  201  724
A Survey of Alternate       GPO - $1.00
Methods for Cooling
Condenser Discharge Water--
Operating Characteristics
and Design Criteria; by
Dynatech R/D Co., Cambridge,
Mass .

 Beneficial Uses  of  Waste
 Heat  -  An  Evaluation;  by
 Northwest  Water  Research  Lab
 FWQA,  Corvallis,  OR

 Thermoelectric Generators
 Powered by Thermal  Waste
 From  Electric Power Plants;
 by Mostafa A. Shirazi,  Pacific
 Northwest  Water  Lab.,  FWQA,
 Corvallis, OR

 Mathematical Models for the GPO  -  $1.75
                             GPO  -  $  .45
                     Prediction  of
                     Distributions
               Temperature
               Resulting  From
                     the  Discharge  of  Heated  Water
                     Into  Large  Bodies  of  Water
                    Tetra  Tech.  Inc
                   Pas adena
                            by
                            CA
A Survey of Alternate Methods  GPO
for Cooling Condenser Discharge
                                        65
                    Water--Total  Community  Considerations
                    in  the Utilization  of Rejected
                    Heat.; by Dynatech R/D Co.,
                    Cambridge, Mass.
Research on Dry-Type Cooling
Towers for Thermal Electric
Generation, Part I
                                Part  II
                    by R. W. Beck & Associates
                    Denver, Colorado
                            GPO
                            GPO
$2.50
$1.00
                            15-6

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
           PPB 16130 - THERMAL POLLUTION
Report Number

16130 GKF 12/70
16130 DHS 01/71
16130 DJH 01/71
16130 DNH 01/71
16130 DPU 02/71
16130 DJU 02/71
16130 FDQ 03/71
16130 FDQ 03/71
Title/Author
A Method for Predicting
the Performance of Natural
Draft Cooling Towers;  by
Pacific Northwest Water Lab
EPA, Corvallis, Oregon

A Survey of Alternate
Methods for Cooling
Condenser Dicharge Water—
System Selection; Design,
and Optimization; by
Dynatech R/D Co., Cambridge ,
Mass .

A Predictive Model for
Thermal Stratification and
Water Quality in Re s e r v o i r s:
by Mass. Inst.  of
Cambridge, Mass.
                             Source
                             GPO - $  .70
                             GPO - $1.00
                             GPO - $2.00
                                      Technology ,
                             GPO - $ .75
Potential Environmental
Modifications Produced by
Large Evaporative Cooling
Towers ;  by E G & G, Inc.,
Boulder, Colorado
Research on the Physical     GPO - $1.75
Aspects of Thermal Pollution;
by Cornell Aeronautical Lab.,
Inc. ,  Buffalo ,  NY

An Analytical and Experimental GPO - $1.75
Investigation of Surface
Discharge of Heated Water; by
                    Mass.  Inst
                    Cambridge,
           . of Technology,
           Mass .
                             GPO - $2.00
Effect of Geographical
Location on Cooling Pond
Requirements and Performance;
by Vanderbilt .Univ.,
Nashville, Tennessee
Heated Surface Jet Discharged GPO - $1.75
Into a Flowing Ambient Stream;
by Louis H. Motz and Barry A.
Benedict, Vanderbilt Univ.,
Nashville, Tennessee
                              15-7

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              FINAL REPORTS AVAILABLE
           PPB 16130 - THERMAL POLLUTION
Report Number

16130 DNE 03/71
Title/Author
Advanced Nonthermally
Polluting Gas Turbines in
Utility Applications; by
United Aircraft Corp.,
East Hartford, Conn.
Source
GPO - $2.00
16130 DJH 04/71
Temperature Prediction in
Stratified Water: Mathematical
Model - User's Manual;
Ralph M. Parsons Lab.,
Inst. of Technology,
Cambridge , Mass .
by
Mass .
(At Press)
16130 GFI 06/71
Potential Environmental
Effects of an Offshore
Submerged Nuclear Power
Plant, Vol. I
                           Vol. II
                    by General Dynamics,
                    Electric Boat Div., Groton,
                    Conn.
GPO
GPO
$2.50
$2.25
16130 GNK 10/71
16130 FSU 12/71
Development and DemonstrationGPO $ .65
of Low-Level Drift Instrumentation;
by Environmental Systems Corp.,
Knoxville, Tenn.

Surface Discharge of Heated  GPO - $2.00
Water;  H. Stefan, N. Hayakawa
and F.  R. Schiebe, St. Anthony
Falls Hydraulic Lab., Univ. of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
                          15-8

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                                                    THERMAL POLLUTION PROJECTS
Ln
I

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tee.t dtecSLibu bfiie.fa.ty a gtuwt undc.fi Se.ct.ion     5
fe.dc.-idt Watet Pollution Control Ac£ {Pi 54-660} , a
PROJECT NUMBER:   801433

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Power Plant Thermal Discharge Studies"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Power Plant Siting Program
State of Maryland
                               EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                                 Frank Rainwater
Project Site:  Annapolis, Maryland

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:

Completion Date:

Summary:
                               Project Cost: $60,000

                               Federal Cost: $51,600
    A program is proposed to  carry out a comprehensive review of  the state-
of-the-art of various  control  measures for power plant thermal discharges.
Control techniques will be assessed by applying them to specific situations
within the State of Maryland;  however, the conclusions of the proposed
study will be quite general and will be applicable elsewhere.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               15-10

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT  OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/iee.t deic^tbe-i biit^tg a. giant. unriei Section  5 Res.  Cont.  ,
Fe.dc.ficLt Waten Pollution Control Ac£ (PL  &4-660),  06 omenrfecf.

PROJECT NUMBER: 16130 HLX

TITLE OF PROJECT: Heat Rejection From Power Generating Stations Enhanced
                Dry Cooling Tower System

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Union Carbide Corp.                 Mr. Frank Rainwater
Linde Div.
Project Site: Tonawanda,  New York

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:                      Project Cost:    $62,000

Completion Date:  60 wks.  ARO       Federal Cost:    $62,000

Summary:

     In this proposal Union Carbide presents a method for improving the
performance and reducing  the cost of dry-cooling  systems for electric  power
generation.  Union Carbide proposes to design and to size condenser and
cooling coil components based on a new concept and to prepare the data
for input to the  R.W. Beck dry-tower computer program for a total system
evaluation.

     Briefly, the new concept consists of inserting a closed-loop refrigerant
fluid between the condensing steam and the air cooled condenser.  As a
result a more compact and highly effient system is expected.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               15-11

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-u 4/ice.t rfeicA,cbe,i biLzfiiy a gfiant unde.fi Sec-tunas Demonstration >
fe.dc.fizt Watefi Pollution Conttiol Ac^t (PL S4-660], om> cwe.nde.d~

PROJECT NUMBER:  16130 EIK

TITLE OF PROJECT: Thermal Water Demonstration Project
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
Eugene Water & Electric Board
500 E. 4th Ave.  P.O. Box 1112
Eugene, Oregon,   97401
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Frank Rainwater
Project Site: Eugene, Oregon

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date:  May  1, 1972          Project Cost: $160,580

Completion Date:  April 30,  1973    Federal Cost: $ 99,900

Summary:

    The objective of this  project is to demonstrate beneficial uses to
agriculture of water having sufficient heat to  result in thermal pollution.
The project will  encompass  the following areas:  (1) Soil heating with
thermal water, (2) Groundwater drain collection, (3) Water blending system,
(4) Plant cooling, (5) Irrigation, (6) Environmental effects, and
(7) Frost warning systems.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                             15-12

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET

        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

Tk-iA 4/iee-t de.ic/u.bei btiLzfaty a. Q>ia.nt anda.fi Sect-ton  5 Contract    ,
fe.dc.ial Wo-tei Pollution Control Ac-t (PL &4-660), oi amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:   16130 HKK

TITLE OF PROJECT:  "Thermal Pollution Control System Nomographs"


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

Hittman Associates Inc.           Dr. B. Tichenor



Project Site:   Columbia, Maryland

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  3-8-72               Project Cost:  $53,408

Completion Date: 12-8-72          Federal Cost:  $43,408

Summary:

     Develop sets of nomographs which shall be  used to determine the  costs and
effectiveness of thermal pollution control alternatives.  The nomograph shall
be accompanied by descriptions of the processes covered, a description of the
relationships used to prepare them, and illustrations of their use.

     The best available data on performance and operating and capital cost
shall be obtained from EPA, Water Pollution Control Research Series Report
No.  16130 EES November 1970, Parts I and II (R.W. Beck and Associates).
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER


                               15-13

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
     4/tc.e.t de,ic/f.t.be-4 blte-faly a. giant u.ndc.1 Section   5 Contract  ,
fe.de.iaJt Wcitei Pollution Control Ac-t  (PL &4-660), a« amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 16130 GSD

TITLE OF PROJECT: Proposed Stochastic Calculation of Water Equilibrium
                Temperature

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:!,           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:

 Environmental Systems Lab          Mr.  A. Joseph
Project Site:  Sunnyvale, California

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: Dec. 8, 1971          Project Cost: $39,100

Completion Date: July 8, 1972     Federal Cost: $39,100

Summary:

 1.  Formulate a mathematical model for heat exchange at the surface of
    the earth.

 2.  Examine the sensitivity of this model with respect to meteorological
    data.

 3.  Calculate the probability distribution of the equilibrium temperature
    for at least 4 separate time windows.

 4.  Provide a software program for calculation of equilibrium temperature.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               15-14

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Jh-U t,licet rfe.icAi.be,i bfu.c.^iy a. gfuant undc.fi Section
                                             	
fe.dc.fiai toiten. PoliittAon Confriol Act (PL  £4-660), a* omen (fed.

PROJECT NUMBER: 16130 GNK

TITLE OF PROJECT:"Explicit  Calibration of the PILLS  System"


GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Environmental Systems Corporation    Frank Rainwater
 Suite 101, Parkway Building
 1212 Pierce Parkway
 Knoxville, Tennessee

Project Site:  Knoxville,  Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: March 16, 1972        Project Cost:  $11,400

Completion Date:                 Federal Cost:  $10,800

Summary:

 Environmental Systems Corporation proposes to refine, field test and demonstrate
 instrumentation for monitoring and measuring particle size distribution and
 density of water droplets in drift from cooling towers.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                              15-15

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IN FORM A TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th-i&  4/tee.t deic^tfae,5 bntt^y a. giant ando.fi Seotcon 	5
fe.de.iat (Oaten Vottation Control Ac* (PL &4-660), a« amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 16130 EMQ

TITLE OF PROJECT:  Turbulent Bed Cooling Tower
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
  Purdue Research Foundation
  Lafayette,  Indiana
EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
  Dr. Shirazi
Project Site: Lafayette, Indiana

DESCRIPTION OF  PROJECT

Award  Date: 2-1-72

Completion Date: 12-31-72

Summary:
Project Cost: $19,033

Federal Cost: $18,081
  This is a continuation grant to complete the development of a turbulent bed
  cooling tower for cooling power-plant condenser cooling water.

  The turbulent bed is  a cylindrical bed of low density spheres fluidized
  by ambient air and sprayed from the top with hot water.

  In this portion of the project the pressure drop and cooling data will be
  checked and correlated.  The turbulent bed will be equipped with an overhead
  fan so that cooling performance can be measured.

  All information will  be combined into a design of the tower and an economic
  analysis will be performed to indicate optimum design.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                               15-16

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IN FORM A  TION SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
  iA  4/tee.t de.5cAi.be5 b'vie.^iy a giant unde.fi Sectcon
                                               	
       W&ten PoiluuUon Control Ac£  (PL S4-660), O5 amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  16130 FSU

TITLE OF PROJECT: Mixing and Dispersion at a Warm Water Outlet
GRANTEE  OR CONTRACTOR:            EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
St.  Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.     Dr. Mostafa A. Shirazi
Mississippi River at  3rd Ave. S.E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota  55414
Project Site:  St.  Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date: 11/1/71              Project Cost:  $45,231

Completion Date: 10/31/72         Federal Cost:  $43,066

Summary:

     It is the objective of this research to continue an ongoing program
to acquire information and develop methods for temperature and  flow predictions
in heated water effluents.  In particular, efforts will be concentrated on
solutions of the following problems.

     a.  To determine scale effects on flow and turbulent mixing in heated
        water surface plumes by acquisition of velocity and temperature
        data with  laboratory results having identical densimetric outlet
        Froude numbers and downstream flow conditions.

     b.  To develop a temperature and velocity prediction method for heated
        water surface plumes which do not behave like buoyant  surface jets.

     c.  To evaluate time-effects on dissipation of heat from thermal
        discharges.  Temporary heat storage in natural bodies  of water
        and resultant effects on "ambient" temperature surrounding plumes
        will be  examined using one - and two-dimensional models.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                                15-17

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
Th,u 4/iee.t deic^tfae-6 fet/te^i/ a gfuint undei Section 	5  	,
fe.dc.fiat (Uat.cfL  PottuLti.on Ccm&iot Aot [Pi £4-660), a* amended.

PROJECT NUMBER: 800613  (16130 FDQ)

TITLE OF PROJECT: Project for Concentrated Research and Training in  the
                 Hydrologic and Hydraulic Aspects of Water Pollution Control

GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:             EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
Vanderbilt  University                Frank Rainwater
Nashville,  Tennessee 37203
Project Site:  Nashville, Tennessee

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award Date:  January 1,  1972        Project Cost:  $121,000

Completion  DaterDecember 31, 1972  Federal Cost:  $108,000

Summary:

     The major research effort this year will be on the hydraulic and
hydrologic  aspects of  thermal pollution control.  The  field data on  the
discharge of heated waters into rivers will be analyzed and a topical completion
report issued.  A topical report on the warming of cold, hypolimnetic water
discharged  to streams  will be completed.  Optimal hydraulic design of
cooling ponds will be  investigated.  The critical analysis of computer codes
for computation of temperature distributions in reservoirs will be finished.
A common format will be developed and a topical report issued.  The  bulk movement
of heat and  pollutants  vertically in a stratified reservoir will be  investigated
in the field to provide transport coefficients for the various theoretical
models now  in use.  The effects of shape, spacing, roughness, etc.,  of the fill
of cooling  towers will  be studied.  An analysis of evaporation formulas
will be carried out and mechanisms of unifying them into a consistent
whole will be attempted.
                   ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO (PA PROJICT OFFICER

                               15-18

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IN FORM A TION  SHEET
        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
4/iee.t deic/w.b&4
                          a giant undai Section
fe.dc.fiat Wdtefi Poltu,tion Contact Ac£ (PL  84-660),  ca> amended.

PROJECT NUMBER:  16130 FPE   801004

TITLE OF PROJECT:"Abstract Preparation for the Water Resources Scientific
               Information Center"
GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:
 Vanderbilt University
                           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
                              Mr. Joseph I.  Lewis
Project Site:  Nashville,  Tenn.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

Award  Date: 6-5-71

Completion Date: 6-30-72

Summary:
                           Project Cost:  $65,370

                           Federal Cost:  $35,354
    To serve the scientific and technical needs  of scientists, engineers,
and others interested in the field of Thermal Pollution with respect to
available literature; (2)  To establish Vanderbilt University as an information
retrieval center for the area of Thermal Pollution; (3) To  make this
information available to the scientific community through the SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS publication of the Water Resources Scientific Information
Center, U.S. Department of the Interior; (4) To  supply copies of requested
abstracted articles at a nominal cost, when possible.
                  ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER
                              15-19

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 IN FORM A TION  SHEET
         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENT OR DEMONSTRATION PROJECT
                          a  fcint tmrfe.i Se.cti.fu
 fe.dc.fLdi Wate^ Pollution Confriol Act  (PL &4-660),  a* amended.

 PROJECT NUMBER:  16130 FLM

 TITLE OF PROJECT: "Analysis of Engineering Alternatives  for Environmental
                Protection from Thermal Discharges"

 GRANTEE OR CONTRACTOR:           EPA PROJECT OFFICER:
 Washington State University          Mr. Frank Rainwater
 Project Site:  Seattle,  Washington

 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

 Award Date: July 1, 1971         Project Cost:  $33,582

 Completion Date: June 30, 1972    Federal Cost:  $30,041

. Summary:

     The objective of this project is to analyze and evaluate current  and
 proposed engineering practices used in the protection of the water environment
 from the impact of thermal power systems.
                  ADORES} INQUIRIES TO EPA PROJECT OFFICER

                             15-20

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                                 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The following people have contributed to the technical and administrative direction
of the program.
         William J. Lacy
  Physical Science Administrator
                                    B.S. in Chemistry from the University of
                                    Connecticut and completed course requirements
                                    for the PhD.  Did post-graduate work at NYU
                                    Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies,
                                    Michigan.  His technical papers and publica-
                                    tions number over eighty.  Serves on various
                                    committees of the AWWA, ACS, AIChE and WPCF.
                                    Listed in "Leaders of Science," "American Men
                                    of Science"  and "Who's Who in the Southeast."
                                    Currently is Chief of Applied Science and
                                    Technology of EPA.

                                    He has worked at the Engineer Research and
                                    Development Labs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
                                    Executive Office of the President, (OCD), and
                                    Office of the Secretary of the Army.
B.S. and M.S. in Chemical Engineering,
University of Idaho and registered as a
Professional Engineer in Maryland and
Washington.  As chief of the Heavy
Industries Section of the Applied Science
and Technology Branch, he is responsible
for the technical and administrative
direction of programs of that section.

Prior to joining the forerummer of EPA,
the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration, he was a senior engineer
with General Electric, where he did
process and equipment development related
to environmental pollution resulting from
hazardous chemical and nuclear materials.
He has authored numerous papers on waste
management programs and technology.
        George Rey
Supervisory Chemical Engineer
                                        16-1

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B.S. in C.E. from the University of
Houston.  As chief of the Food, Paper and
other Industrial Sources Section, he is
responsible for the technical and admin-
istrative direction of the program.  His
principal area of interest is wastewater
treatment in the food processing
industry.

Prior to entering research, he was in
charge of facilities modification at NASA's
Manned Space Flight Center.  Before that he
did design of storm structures for the
Galveston District Office of the Corps of
Engineers, and was a member of Brown &
Root's design section.  He is a member of
the American Society of Civil Engineers
and the Water Pollution Control Federation.
     H.  George Keeler
Supervisory Civil Engineer
                                    Holds a B.S. in Civil Engineering and a.M.S.
                                    in Sanitary Engineering from Georgia Institute
                                    of Technology.  Program management responsi- f
                                    bilities include joint industrial-municipal, '
                                    textiles, and rubber and plastics areas.

                                    He is a registered Professional Engineer, wit
                                    several years experience with the Georgia
                                    Water Quality Board and the U. S. Public Health
                                    Service.
        Charles S. Ris
        Staff Engineer
Mrs. Scales is the Applied Science and
Technology Branch Secretary.  She handles
the administrative and office management
matters and serves as the general base
for operating files and records as well
as conference arrangements and meetings.

Her prior experience includes working for
the Finance Department of the Data Pro-
cessing Division of the District of
Columbia.
                                        16-2
                                                           Mable Scales
                                                         Branch Secretary

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 B.S.,  C.E.,  Worcester Polytechnic Institute;
 M.S.,  C.E.,  Northeastern University.   Other
 post-graduate study at Oklahoma State Univer-
 sity and the University of Michigan.   Regis-
 tered Professional Engineer in two States.   A
 member of and served on, or serving on,  various
 committees of the ASCE, American Concrete
 Institute, the American Welding Society, and the
 American Society for Engineering Education.
 Listed in "Who's Who in the Southeast."
 Currently involved with the planning and manage-
 ment of projects associated with stone,  clay,
 glass and concrete industries and miscellaneous
 industrial sources.

 Prior to joining EPA, he served as staff engineer,
 Office of the Secretary of the Army (OCD).   Before
 entering Government service his professional work
 included extensive employment in industry,  con-
 sulting in materials and structures, and teaching
 at the university level.
Arthur H. Mallon
 Civil Engineer
                                     B.S.  in Chemical  Engineering  and M.S.  in  Civil
                                     Engineering  from  the University of Massachusetts.
                                     Program management responsibilities  for projects
                                     in  the chemical and allied products, petroleum
                                     refining, and plastics and resin industries.

                                     Prior experience  includes supervisory  and
                                     laboratory activities related to water and
                                     waste water  treatment unit process/operations
                                     at  the Army  Mobility Equipment R&D Center, Fort
                                     Belvoir, Va.
      Paul E. DesRosiers
    Environmental Engineer
Bachelor of Science, Master of Science
and Doctor of Philosophy from'the Univer-
sity of Oklahoma.  His area of responsi-
bility is planning and management for
research and development projects for the
pulp and paper, lumber, and other wood
products industries.
                                       16-3
                                                       James G.  Gallup
                                                      Sanitary Engineer

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                                    B.S. in Chemical Engineering, City College of
                                    New York; M.S. in Chemical Engineering and
                                    PhD., University of Maryland.  Assists in the
                                    management of grants projects in the food pro-
                                    cessing industry.

                                    Previous activities include service with the
                                    U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory and with Pratt
                                    & Whitney Aircraft Co. as an engineer inves-
                                    tigating nonpolluting energy sources.  He
                                    also taught at Montgomery College.
       Gilbert S. Jackson
       Chemical Engineer
Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engin-
eering, University of Arizona.  Registered
Professional Engineer, Arizona.  Principal
effort is concern with grants projects
associated with pollution resulting from
power production, both thermal and non-
thermal.  Prior experience includes exten-
sive employment in the private sector of
industry as well as with NASA and the
Corps of Engineers.
                                                         George Manning
                                                      Mechanical Engineer
        Marshall Dick
      Chemical Engineer
                                    B.S., Chem.  E.,  M.I.T.; M.S.  in Organic Chem-
                                    istry, Georgetown; M.S. in Operations Research,
                                    Johns Hopkins University and  presently pursu-
                                    ing studies  in environmental  engineering there.
                                    Engaged in planning and management for pollu-
                                    tion abatement  projects related to textiles,
                                    rubber, plastic  and metals.

                                    Prior to joining EPA, his work included
                                    pollution abatement activities at the Naval
                                    Ship Research Center and research, development
                                    and design at Fort Detrick.  In private
                                    industry he  was  with W.R. Grace and Pittsburg
                                    Plate Glass.
                                      16-4

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Mrs. Dunton serves as a  secretary  to  the
Heavy Industries  Section.  Her  secretarial
expertise is applied to  all  phases of the
section's responsibilities.  Work  with
the MTST machine  is included with  the
many duties she performs.

                                                        Sharon Dunton
                                                          Secretary
                                    Mrs.  Williams serves as secretary for the Food
                                    and  Paper  Industries Section and is a part
                                    time student  at  George Washington University.
                                    Her  proficiency  extends to the MTST, the MCST,
                                    Data Fax 180, and  various duplicating
                                    machines.

                                    Prior positions  were with the Office of
                                    Emergency  Management, Office of Government
                                    Reports, War, Treasury, Commerce, and Defense
                                    Departments and  the  Veterans Administration.
           Clara Williams
             Secretary
Charlotte Cardwell, serves as a secretary
in the Food, Paper and other Industrial
Sources Section.  Prior to joining  the
FPOIS, she was a secretary with the
Agricultural and Marine Pollution
Section for two years.  She served  in
Fiscal Management for 18 months.  Before
that she was an Air Force cartographer,
and served as a secretary for the Navy.
                                                      i
                                                       Charlotte Cardwell
                                                           Secretary
                                       16-5
 -HJ.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1973 514-150/131 1-3

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