EPA-R2-73-142
JANUARY 1973 Environmental Protection Technology Series
Water Infiltration Control
to Achieve
Mine Water Pollution Control
^ S7%
Office of Research and Monitoring
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and
Monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency, have
been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental
technology. Elimination of traditional grouping
was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related
fields. The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY series. This series
describes research performed to develop and
demonstrate instrumentation, equipment and
methodology to repair or prevent environmental
degradation from point and non-point sources of
pollution. This work provides the new or improved
technology required for the control and treatment
of pollution sources to meet environmental quality
standards.
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EPA-R2-73-142
January 1973
WATER INFILTRATION CONTROL TO
ACHIEVE MINE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
A FEASIBILITY STUDY
By
Frank J. Zaval
John D. Robins
Project 14010 HHG
Project Officer
Robert B. Scott
Mine Drainage Field Site
Environmental Protection Agency
P. 0. Box 555
Rivesville, West Virginia 26588
Prepared for
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
For sale by the Superintendent of Dqcuments, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Price $2,35 domestic poslpaHlite GPO Bookstore
' '
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EPA ..REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency arid approved for publication. Approval
does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial
products constitute endorsement or recommendation for
use.
11
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ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was the determination of the feasibility
of conducting a full-scale demonstration project showing the effective-
ness of land reclamation measures, at mined-out areas, in establishing
surface water infiltration control to prevent acid mine water
pollution. The Dents Run Watershed, located in Monongalia County,
West Virginia, was the site selected for the study. It is replete with
strip mines, drift mines, auger mines, refuse dumps, spoil banks, and
discharge boreholes; all of which are significant contributors of acid
mine water pollution.
Project feasibility is based upon the performance and results of inves-
tigative measures which included: investigation of each mined area and
abandoned drift openings, which resulted in a detailed description of
each site; sampling and analysis of all receiving streams and discharge
pits to determine the severity of acid mine water pollution; and eval-
uation and selection of weir structures, monitor enclosures and instru-
ments to be placed in unattended areas to provide a continuous record
of stream conditions. A presentation is made of recommendations for
reclamation and treatment at each site; and pertinent cost estimates are
developed for the construction, installation and operation of monitoring
facilities as well as the reclamation work.
This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Project No. 1^010 HHG
under the sponsorship of the Office of Research and Monitoring, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, and West Virginia Department of Natural Resources
by Cyrus Wm. Rice Division, NUS Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15220.
iii
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CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
I - CONCLUSIONS 1
II - RECOMMENDATIONS 3
III - INTRODUCTION 5
IV - JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK 9
Cognizant Authority 9
Existing and Proposed Standards 12
Site Acquisition 13
Authority for Funding 14
Water and Mineral Rights 15
Prevention of Future Pollution 16
V - INVENTORY AND FORECAST 19
Physical Conditions 19
Water Resources 29
Social and Economic Environment 32
VI - PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING 41
Detailed Site Descriptions 41
Section B 53
Section C 55
Section F 69
Section G 73
Program Surveillance 98
Capital and Operating Costs 107
Effectiveness of Project 113
Schedule of Engineering and
Construction 114
Collecting and Evaluating Data 117
Implementation and Operating Plan 118
VII - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 121
VIII - REFERENCES 123
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CONTENTS (Cont'd)
SECTION PAGE
IX - GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND 125
SYMBOLS
X - APPENDICES 127
List of Drawings 128
Figures 47 and 48 13°
Tables 5 through 43 132
West Virginia Acts and Regulations: 160
20-5A-2. Definitions 160
20-5A-3. General Powers and Duties of 164
Chief of Division and Board with
Respect to Pollution
20-5A-4. Cooperation with other govern- 169
ments and agencies.
20-5A-lla. Power of eminent domain; 171
procedures; legislative finding.
20-5A-14. Control by State as to pollu- 173
tion; continuing jurisdiction.
20-6-3. .Division of Reclamation, duties 174
and functions; selections, duties and
compensation.
20-6-6. Reclamation commission; duties, 175
functions and compensation.
Section 3. General Conditions not Allow- 177
able in State Waters.
Section 5. Acid Mine Drainage Control 179
Measures.
Section 6. General and Water Use isi
Categories.
Section 13. Water Uses and Water Quality 183
Criteria.
VI
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FIGURES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 County Location Map °
2 Location Map - Dents Run Watershed 20
3 Aerial Photo - Dents Run Watershed 21
4 Typical Cross Section - Dents Run 2^
Watershed
5 Borehole Locations 2^
O r
6 Cross Section - Northeast Area of "
Watershed
7 Graph - Average Precipitation and 27
Pumping Rate vs. Time - 1966
Through 1971 - Snider Borehole
8 Enlarged Section - Dents Run 28
Watershed
9 Sample Point Locations 30
10 Drainage Map 31
11 Dents Run Tributaries and Sub- 35
watersheds
12 Map - Dents Run Watershed 42
13 Mine Map - Pittsburgh Coal Seam - 44
Laurel Point Vicinity
14 Typical Contour Backfill 46
15 Typical Pasture Backfill 47
16 Typical Georgia V-Ditch Backfill 48
17 Typical Reverse Terrace (I) 49
Backfill
vxi
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FIGURES (Cont'd)
NO. TITLE PAGE
18 Typical Reverse Terrace (II) 50
Backfill
19 Typical Backfill - Deep Mine 51
20 Typical Backfill - Auger Mine 52
21 Photograph - Strip Pit Pond, 56
Section C, Strip Area B
22 Photograph - Exposed Highwall, 58
Section C, Strip Area B
23 Photograph - Highwall and Bench 59
Showing Surface Water Runoff,
Section C, Strip Area C
24 Photograph - Burning Refuse Dump, 64
Section C, Strip Area J
25 Photograph - Abandoned Refuse Dump,
Section C, Strip Area S 67
26 Photograph - Abandoned Coal Equip- 70
ment, Section F, Strip Area A
27 Photograph - Typical Reverse 72
Terrace Backfill, Section F>
Strip Area B
28 Photograph - Regraded Bench Area 75
Showing Lack of Vegetation,
Section G, Strip Area C
29 Photograph - Typical Drift Mine 80
Entry, Section G, Strip Area G,
Mine Opening 18
30 Photograph - Sanitary Landfill, 83
Section G, Strip Area J
viii
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FIGURES (Cont'd)
NO.; TITLE PAGE
31 Photograph - Typical Condition of 89
"Regraded" Outslope, Section G,
Strip Area Q
32 Photograph - Fractured Highwall, 90
Section G, Strip Area Q
33 Photograph - Typical Drift Mine 92
Entry, Section G, Strip Area Q,
Mine Opening 53
34 Photograph - Typical Condition of 93
Bench and Highwall, Section G,
Strip Area R
35 Photograph - Typical Auger Openings, 94
Section G, Strip Area R
36 Photograph - Fractured Highwall 96
Resulting From Extensive Augering,
Section G, Strip Area R
37 Photograph - Augered Area Illus- 97
trating Extent of Highwall Undermining,
Section G, Strip Area R
38 Photograph - "Hot Spot" Area, 99
Section G, Strip Area W
39 Monitor Station 1 - Precipitation JL01
and Flow vs. Time
40 Typical Weir Structure and Monitor 103
Station
41 Monitor Station - General Arrangement 104
42 Monitor Station - Schematic and 105
Interconnection Diagram
IX
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FIGURES (Cont'd)
NO. TITLE PAGE
43 Engineering and Construction 115
Schedule
44 Project Schedule and Milestones 116
45 Data Handling - Tasks & Respon- 118
sibilities
46 Monitor Stations - Tasks & 120
Responsibilities
47 Typical Diversion Ditch 130
48 Bulkhead Seal with Relief Drain 131
x
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TABLES
NO. TITLE PAGE
1 Tabulation of Stream Lengths 33
2 Tabulation of Subwatershed Areas 34
3 Tabulation of Rainfall Data - 1960 36
Through 1971
p
4 Tabulation of Estimated Stream 100
Flows - 8/30/71 Through 2/25/72
5 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 132
Location No. 1
6 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 133
Location No. 2
7 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 134
Location No. 3
8 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 135
Location No. 4
9 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 136
Location No. 5
10 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 137
Location No. 6
11 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 138
Location No. 7
12 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 139
Location No. 8
13 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 140
Location No. 9
14 Water Quality Analysis - Sample 141
Location No. 10
15' Water Quality Analysis - Sample 142
Location No. 11
XI
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TABLES (Cont'd)
NO.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
TITLE
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 12
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 13
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 14
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 15
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 16
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 17
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 18
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 19
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 20
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 21
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 22
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 23
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 24
Water Quality Analysis
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
PAGE
._
143
144
145
146
147
148
148
149
149
150
150
151
151
152
Location No. 25
XI1
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TABLES (Cont'd)
NO. TITLE PAGE
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 26
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 27
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 28
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 29
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 30
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 31
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 33
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 34
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 36
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 37
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 38
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 39
Water Quality Analysis
Location No. 40
Water Quality Analysis
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample
- Sample f
- Sample
152
153
153
154
154
155
155
156
156
157
157
158
158
159
Location No. 41
Kill
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SECTION I
CONCLUSIONS
1. This study has shown that a demonstration of the use
of water infiltration control methods to eliminate
or control acid mine drainage in the Dents Run
Watershed is feasible, and this location meets the
requirements of Section 14 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act.
2. The volume of acid mine drainage in the Dents Run
Watershed can be significantly reduced by imple-
menting surface reclamation techniques to reduce
surface water entry into abandoned deep mines.
3. Observed preliminary flow data indicates that, during
the normal low rainfall periods of the area, a major
portion of the total flow in Dents Run is comprised
of borehole discharges from the active mining opera-
tions of the Christopher Coal Division of the
Consolidation Coal Company.
4. Christopher Coal's pumping rates are considerably
influenced by regional rainfall, and a substantial
portion of the discharge from active workings comes
from the diversion of surface water into abandoned
workings by the unreclaimed surface mines.
Christopher Coal Company has notified the State of
their intent to neutralize all the water presently
being discharged into the watershed from their active
boreholes.
5. The normal volumes of water discharged from abandoned
workings in the watershed do not warrant the use of
hydraulic seals. It is anticipated that effective
surface reclamation techniques will reduce the volume
of these drainages to insignificant levels.
6. An unaccountable loss in stream flow was observed
in Dents Run in the vicinity of Laurel Point. It
is believed that this water drains back into the
Pittsburgh coal seam through fracture zones or
fissures within the stream bed.
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7. The effectiveness of the project in controlling
surface water infiltration into the groundwater
system can be measured directly by monitoring stream
flows, Christopher Coal pumping rates and discharges
from abandoned drift openings.
8. The cooperative effort of government and industry
in the control, abatement and treatment of acid mine
drainage will result in nearly 100% mine drainage
control within the Dents Run Watershed.
9. The elimination of acid mine water pollution in the
watershed will reflect a social and economic environ-
mental impact by helping to fulfill the increasing water
usage demand of the public and serve to encourage in-
dustrial investment in the area with the availability of
a more reliable source of usable water.
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SECTION II
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The approval to proceed with the design engineering,
construction and monitoring phases of this demon-
stration is recommended.
2. A network of seven stream monitoring stations should
be installed at the selected points in the watershed in
order to effectively document the control measures
being demonstrated. These monitoring stations should
provide a continuous record of flow, pH and conduc-
tivity.
3. Event recorders and weirs should be installed at
each of the borehole discharges to continuously
monitor the quantity of the discharge at each loca-
tion. Monthly water samples should be collected at
each of the six boreholes and analyzed for alkalinity,
total acidity, conductivity, pH, turbidity, calcium,
magnesium, sulfate, total iron, ferrous iron, total
solids, suspended solids, dissolved solids, settle-
able solids, aluminum and manganese. This will
provide the data required for making a quantitative
and qualitative estimate of the effectiveness of the
surface reclamation in reducing infiltration into the
deep mine workings.
4. Surface reclamation techniques should be employed to
backfill the unreclaimed strip mines with emphasis
placed on those areas which channel surface water
runoff into intercepted deep mine workings. The
priority classifications should be as follows:
Priority I - Areas showing evidence of water infiltra-
tion.
Priority II - Areas contributing to stream pollution
as a result of contaminated surface water runoff.
Priority III - Areas contributing to aesthetic pollu-
tion.
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The reclamation technique to be used at each site will
be dependent upon the conditions of that specific area,
5. Stream flows in the Laurel Point area of Dents Run
should be further investigated in order to pinpoint
a specific zone in which the apparent water loss may
occur. If a specific area is located, stream
channelization should be employed to prevent future
infiltration of this water into the subsurface water
system.
6. Weekly water samples should be collected and flows
measured at each of the nine stream monitor stations.
These samples should be analyzed for alkalinity, total
acidity, conductivity, pH, turbidity, sulfates and
total iron.
This sampling program should be continued until a
definite correlation can be developed between these
parameters and the data recorded by the monitoring
equipment. In addition, samples should be collected
at sample points 1 through 10 once each month and
analyzed for all other parameters as listed in
paragraph 3.
7. In order to achieve a public awareness of the social
and economic impact of the project, it is recommended
that as portions of the watershed become pollution
free this information should be released to State and
Municipal agencies and the public via press releases.
This should stimulate public interest as well as the
interest of industrial, residential and recreational
developers.
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SECTION III
INTRODUCTION
West Virginia is one of the leading coal producing states
in the nation; as a result of such activity, acid mine
drainage is and has been a significant problem in the
surface streams of the State. Acid mine drainage has gone
unchecked for years and only until recently have regula-
tions and powers of enforcement been established to
control the deleterious effects of such pollution.
Present regulations and authority have sufficient power
to cause active operators to restore their workings at
the conclusion of operations, as well as control their
discharges during the period of active mining. However,
because of the extensive number of abandoned sites in the
Dents Run Watershed, it is necessary for the State to
take the necessary action required to control or eliminate
the acid mine drainage from these sites. This requires
the implementation of proper procedures and techniques
for regrading the sites, covering refuse material,
installing compaction seals, conditioning the soil and
planting various species of grasses and trees.
The feasibility study presented herein is a thorough
analysis of the Dents Run Watershed as the site of a
demonstration project to control mine water pollution by
water infiltration control.
This study has been conducted consistent with the total
demonstration program of the U. S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. The program was established to fulfill
the provisions of the Water Quality Improvement Act
of 1970, PL 91-224, which included a subsection titled
"Area Acid and Other Mine Water Pollution Control De-
monstrations" which became Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended.
The Dents Run Watershed is located in Monongalia County,
West Virginia, and is a part of the Monongahela River
Basin (see Figure 1). The watershed has an area of 14.6
square miles with the main axis being in a generally
east-west direction. The watershed is drained by Dents Run
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O
z
LL)
X
OHIO
PENNSYLVANIA
id,.....,ii. ^—3 o * i i N * • I I I ^V „- J
COUNTY LOCATION MAP
FIGURE 1
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..and small tributary streams which flow from west to
east. The discharge of Dents Run is into the Monongahela
sRiver at the City of Granville, which is due west of
ithe City of Morgantown.
•j
The terrain of the eastern part of the watershed can
^generally be described as rugged where valleys are deep
'and narrow; the western portion of the watershed has a
imore subdued topography and can generally be described as
rolling. The relief over the entire area is approximately
800 feet, with the base line elevation being 830 feet at
the mouth of Dents Run. The watershed is part of the
Appalachian Plateau's physiographic province and is located
in the Allegheny Mountains section.
The Dents Run Watershed is underlain principally by sedi-
mentary rocks of the Pennsylvanian Age. The principal
coal mining and oil and gas development in this area has
been in the Monongahela Group of this system. The Monon-
gahela Group is comprised of the youngest rocks of
Pennsylvanian Age and is typically composed of cyclic
sequences of sandstone, siltstone, red and gray shale,
limestone and economically important coal beds. The most
prominent and commercially developed beds in the watershed
area are the Pittsburgh, the Redstone, the Sewickley and
the Waynesburg.
There are presently two active deep mining operations in
the Dents Run Watershed; both mines, namely the Osage and
the Arkwright, are owned and operated by the Christopher
Coal Division of the Consolidation Coal Company and are
located in the Pittsburgh coal seam. Extensive mining
of the Pittsburgh coal seam has lowered the water table
in this area to the base of the coal seam. In order
to maintain active mining operations within the watershed,
Christopher Coal removes accumulated groundwater through
a system of six boreholes at the average rate of approxi-
mately 3.0 million gallons per day. Pumping rates are
influenced by the seasonal fluctuation and magnitude of
the regional precipitation.
.Most of the unreclaimed surface disturbance has occurred
in the eastern portion of the watershed. Water that
enters the subsurface water system as a result of numerous
drift mine interceptions located in the unreclaimed areas
eventually drains into the Pittsburgh seam. Surface
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reclamation techniques that would backfill the surface
mine pits, cover the exposed seam and seal the exposed
drift mine entries or interceptions would reduce the
surface water entry into the subsurface water system. The
intercepted runoff would be channeled to the normal sur-
face drainage courses in the watershed.
The watershed is sparsely populated with small individual
homes scattered throughout the watershed along Dents Run.
They represent a population of possibly several hundred
total, except for the Town of Granville and the Morgan
Heights section of the Town of Westover which have a
combined population of approximately 1/500.
Neither the City of Granville nor the Morgan Heights sec-
tion of Westover are sewered. Both communities rely on
septic tanks with the homes located adjacent to either
Dents Run or the Monongahela River discharging wastes
directly into the stream or the river. The City of
Westover is considering installation of a sewer system
and piping the sewage under the Monongahela River to
connect into the sewer system and treatment plant of the
City of Morgantown. The City of Granville has no plans
of its own for handling its sewage. The Water Resources
Division preliminary plans are for Granville and Westover
to join together and convey the joint sewage under the
river to Morgantown, or to jointly build a treatment
system on the west side of the Monongahela River. Neither
community has received orders to install sewage treatment
facilities; however, all communities in the State of West
Virginia are required to have at least secondary treatment
by 1975.
While the object of the demonstration project itself
will be the control of water infiltration, the project
is part of an overall watershed plan that involves the
cooperation of government, industry and municipalities.
It is anticipated that successful reclamation of those
areas which are now diverting surface water runoff into
abandoned drift mines could reduce infiltration into the
active drift mine workings by as much as 50 percent.
Consolidation Coal Company is in the process of installing
treatment facilities to treat the discharge from the
boreholes to comply with West Virginia discharge regula-
tions . , :
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SECTION IV
JURISDICTIONAL FRAMEWORK
Cognizant Authority
This study has been conducted under the auspices of the
Environmental Protection Agency. The Agency is subject
to the provisions of the Water Quality Improvement Act
of 1970, PL 91-224. The Act includes a subsection
titled "Area Acid and Other Mine Water Pollution Control
Demonstrations" which became Section 14 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, This section
provides for the demonstration of techniques for mine
drainage pollution control and directs that the Environ-
mental Protection Agency shall require such feasibility
studies as necessary in selecting watersheds for the
purpose of the demonstration projects. Such feasibility
studies are to aid the Environmental Protection Agency
in selecting not only the mine drainage pollution
control method(s), but also the watershed or drainage
area for such application. The Act requires that the
Environmental Protection Agency give preference to
areas which will have the greatest public value and
uses.
The Environmental Protection Agency, Office of,Research
and Monitoring, issued a Grant for the ;mine drainage
demonstration project, described herein, to the State
of West Virginia, Department of Natural Resources.
Administration of the study has been the responsibility
of the State of West Virginia's Department of Natural
Resources.
The Department of Natural Resources is a statutory unit
of the West Virginia government headed by a Director.
The Department has the authority to exercise all state
administrative functions relating to surface mining and
the reclamation of surface mined lands in West Virginia.
Such administration is performed through the Department's
Division of Water Resources and the Division of Reclama-
tion.
Each division also has subordinate governing bodies es-
tablished under the law within its operating structure.
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The Water Resources Board is an appeal board of the
Division of Water Resources and the Reclamation
Commission is a part of the Division of Reclamation.
The authority of the Reclamation Commission is covered by
Chapter 20, Article 6, Section 6 of the 1967 Surface
Mining Act, which is presented in its entirety in the
Appendices.
The Department of Natural Resources is charged with the
responsibility of administering and enforcing the 1967
Surface Mining Act enacted by the Legislature of West
Virginia on March 9, 1967. The rules and regulations
established pertain to the reclamation of areas dis-
turbed by surface mining operations, particularly with
regard to requirements for permits, performance bonds,
haulage-ways, backfilling and regrading, revegetation,
sealing and treatment of acid water breakthrough, prospect-
ing, and other mining operations on disturbed areas.
The 1967 Surface Mining Act created, within the Department
of Natural Resources, a Division of Reclamation whose
Chief is responsible for admininstration of all of the laws
of the State of West Virginia relating to surface mining.
The Department has jurisdiction and control over land,
water and soil aspects pertaining to surface mining
operations, and the restoration and reclamation of surface
mined lands and related affected areas. The authority of
the Division is covered in Section 20-6-3 of the 1967
Surface Mining Act, which appears in its entirety in
the Appendices.
The Director of the Department of Natural Resources also
has the overall supervision of the Water Pollution Control
Act of the State of West Virginia (Article 5A, Chapter 20
of the Code of West Virginia, 1969, as amended). Authority
for the general administration and enforcement of the Act
has been vested in the Division of Water Resources. The
Division has within its jurisdiction and supervision, the
administration and enforcement of all laws relating to
water pollution control.
Authority is vested in the Division of Water Resources
under the Water Pollution Control Act to cooperate with
other governments and agencies as provided in Section
20-5A-4 of Article 5A, Chapter 20 of the Code of West
Virginia, 1969, which is presented in its entirety in
the Appendices.
10
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The Division of Water Resources is primarily involved
in the administration of regulations for the control
and reduction of pollution in the waters of the State.
Their authority is directed to direct and indirect
discharge, deposition or disposal of all treated or
untreated sewage, industrial wastes, other wastes or the
effluent therefrom, into the waters of the State or any
underground strata. The Board's primary concern is
the establishment of standards of quality for the
protection of the public health and welfare, wildlife,
fish and aquatic life and all present and prospective
future uses of the State's waters primarily for
domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational pur-
poses. With regard to the foregoing, the agency regulates
mine drainage discharges by monitoring compliance with the
established water quality criteria and controlling dis-
charges by the issuance or revocation of permits.
Although both Divisions aforementioned shall have juris-
diction in the project, involvement of the Division of
Water Resources will be contingent upon the proper perfor-
mance of reclamation work under the regulations adminis-
tered by the Division of Reclamation.
Reclamation work in the watershed will be performed in
accordance with applicable regulations (see the Appendices
for pertinent portions of the laws).
Detailed water quality standards and reclamation procedures
are now in existence. The project will be conducted in
compliance with all regulations resulting in the restora-
tion of the land more nearly to the natural contours of
the area.
Full responsibility for the contractual agreement, adminis-
tration and operation of the demonstration project rests
with the Department of Natural Resources of the State of
West Virginia; however, the Department may see fit to
delegate the performance of some tasks to competent
contractors. Therefore, the present legal and adminis-
trative structure is adequate for conducting the project
since all authority for water pollution control and reclama-
tion of surface mined lands is now vested in the Department
and its Divisions. This is covered by the foregoing juris-
dictional authority and the pertinent sections of the law
included in the Appendices.
11
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Existing and Proposed Standards
The site of the demonstration project is within the
jurisdiction of the State of West Virginia. The streams
involved are considered public streams of the State and
are thereby subject to the most stringent of all applicable
water quality standards imposed by the Federal Government
and the State of West Virginia.
Present standards relative to wastewater discharges, in-
cluding acid mine drainage to the Dents Run Watershed,
are subject to enforcement by the Division of Water Re-
sources of the State of West Virginia. The general
standards indicate the quality criteria for such waters,
and are delineated in detail in Section 3 and 5 of the
West Virginia Administrative Regulations presented
in its entirety in the Appendices.
Dents Run, a tributary of the Monongahela River, is
subject to the specific water use and water quality
criteria applicable to the Monongahela River, which are
delineated in Sections 6 and 13 of Series II of the State's
administrative regulations presented in the Appendices.
At the present time, the water quality standard for sulfates
(see 13.01 b. 9. of the regulations as presented in the
Appendices) is not considered binding due to the current
level of technology in sulfate removal and the cost
effectiveness of such removal.
The purpose of the project is not designed to bring the
streams into total compliance.- The project as now
envisioned will only monitor the effectiveness of the
infiltration control methods applied with respect to a
change in stream acidity from the highly acid conditions
now present to the minimum allowable pH level of 5.5
stipulated in the established water quality criteria.
However, bringing pH into compliance with the existing
standards will prove to be of significant value since the
watershed area is to be capable of meeting the water uses
specified (recreation, public water supply and industrial
water supply). The most noticeable influence a change in
pH could make would be its effect in making stream
waters acceptable for swimming and establishing a
favorable condition for the development of such (recrea-
tional use), and reduction of treatment requirements to
make the waters acceptable for public consumption (public
water supply use).
12
-------
Stream compliance with other water quality criteria can
be accomplished through additional treatment methods,
which of necessity become a part of future projects.
The full impact of the effect of infiltration control
methods applied in this project will not be fully
appreciated until the watershed system reaches a new
equilibrium, vegetative growth is established and
groundwater flow is stabilized. In accordance with
the provisions of the West Virginia Administrative
Regulations, ^nforcement of said regulations and
related water quality standards is entrusted to the
State Water Resources Board and the Chief of the Division
of Water Resources. He has the power and authority to
determine who is responsible for polluting the State's
waters and to prevent, control, eliminate or reduce such
pollution. Consideration is given to those that use
available and reasonably practicable methods to control
and/or reduce pollution. Therefore, since the Division
serves as the State's regulatory agencies, it has the
authority, knowledge, regulations, etc., available to
monitor implementation of the project plans in accordance
with applicable standards.
Site Acquisition
The site of the demonstration project is located within
the boundaries of the State of West Virginia. Authority
is vested in the Chief of the Division of Water Resources
to acquire land, as required, through the power of eminent
domain as detailed by Section 20-5A-lla of Article 5A,
Chapter 20 of the Code of West Virginia, 1969, which is
presented in its entirety in the Appendices.
The demonstration project site encompasses the entire Dents
Run Watershed, an area of 14.6 square miles. Due to
its extensive proportions, the land is believed to be
held in private ownership by numerous individuals and
several coal companies. The property owners for each of
the stream monitor stations and borehole locations have
been identified. Each of the stream monitor station pro-
perty owners were contacted and a verbal agreement was
made for the installation of the monitor stations and
associated structures. The State of West Virginia is
presently in the process of obtaining a formal release
from, the owners involved. At this time, the survey has
not been completed to.determine the precise ownership of
the affected land within the watershed. However,
13
-------
reclamation work required to establish infiltration con- .
trol in the watershed will eventually require contact with
all affected land owners. It is not anticipated that trans-
fer or acquisition of the property will be required, but
that a release may be obtained from the owners involved to
conduct the required project tasks on their_property. The
owners of the property are under no obligation to
participate in such a project, except as the Division of
Water Resources may have jurisdiction over the maintenance
of the safety, health and welfare of the citizens of the
State. Successful acquisition of releases to perform
the project tasks will preclude the necessity of invoking
the power of eminent domain.
Authority for Funding
Federal funding for this project was provided by a Grant
to the State by the Environmental Protection Agency under
authority of Section 14 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. The grant offer was made to the
State of West Virginia's Department of Natural Resources.
The 1967 Surface Mining Act, a revision to the Code of
West Virginia, provides that the Director of the Department
of Natural Resources may receive any Federal funds, State
funds, or any other funds for the reclamation of land
affected by surface mining.
A source of funding for the Department, a provision of
the 1967 Surface Mining Act, is the requirement that every
applicant for a permit to surface mine coal shall pay to
the Department of Natural Resources a special reclamation
fee for each acre of land to be affected in the mining
operation. The fees obtained are to be deposited in a
special reclamation fund to be administered by the
Director of the Department of Natural Resources. The
Director shall use the special reclamation fund for
reclamation and rehabilitation of lands which are unre-
claimed. The Director may also use some of the special
reclamation fees collected for the purchase of orphaned
surface mined lands, for the reclamation thereof, and for
the engineering, administrative and research costs neces-
sary, providing that Federal funds on a matching basis
are made available for the purpose of reclaiming said
orphaned surface mined lands. Under the Act, any funds
legally available to the Director of the Department of
Natural Resources may be expended and used to reclaim and
14
-------
rehabilitate any lands that have been subjected to surface
mining that have not been reclaimed and rehabilitated in
accordance with standards set by the Director and which are
not covered by bond to guarantee such reclamation.
Whenever acid mine drainage control measures are an integral
part of a reclamation project, the Chief of the Division
of Reclamation can execute agreements with the Chief of
the Division of Water Resources for the supervision of
specific reclamation projects, utilizing fees from the
special reclamation fund. Such agreements can only be
consummated by direct administrative actions within the
Department of Natural Resources.
The Chief of the Division of Water Resources, the water
pollution control agency of the State of West Virginia,
may cooperate with all persons, agencies of the State,
federal or other state agencies, and interstate agencies
for the control and reduction of pollution in the waters of
the State. Authority for such cooperation is set forth
in the Water Pollution Control Act, Chapter 20, Article 5
of the West Virginia Code as amended in 1969. It also
provides that the Department of Natural Resources may
apply for and accept, on behalf of the State, all monies
for such endeavors of cooperation between the Division
and the aforementioned agencies, officers and persons.
Money so acquired is placed in a special fund administered
solely by the Chief of the Division for the purposes de-
lineated by the grant, gift or contribution. The fund also
contains the fees collected for wastewater discharge
permits, some of which originate from intentions to open,
reopen, operate or abandon a mine, quarry or preparation
plant or to dispose of any refuse or industrial wastes
from same.
Water and Mineral Rights
Property ownership and the associated title to the water
and/or mineral rights in the Dents Run Watershed area,
designated site of the demonstration project, are of
major concern with respect to project progress. Releases
will be required from all owners of property upon which
reclamation work will -be performed, because it will
involve sealing of drift mines, burial of refuse
material, regrading of spoil banks, lowering of highwalls,
and revegetation of areas worked. Since the project
is being conducted under the direction of the regulatory
15
-------
bodies of the State, it is anticipated that there will
be no problem in obtaining releases and cooperation for
such work, because it relieves owners and operators from
such responsibility under the law.
Surface water flowing through a property is generally
considered as public water of the State of West Virginia.
Ownership of this resource is, therefore, not a question ^
since the project is being implemented by an agency of
the State, who holds public ownership of same.
The Dents Run demonstration site is underlain with four
major coal seams: the Pittsburgh, the Redstone, the
Sewickley and the Waynesburg. The only seam actively !
mined to any degree is the Pittsburgh, the mineral rights .
to which are generally considered to be owned by the
Christopher Coal Company.
No purchase or transfer of rights or ownership is
expected for any portion of the project, since active
mining operations will not be disturbed. The majority
of the individual sites within the project area represent
abandoned drift or strip mines.
Prevention of Future Pollution
The 1967 Surface Mining Act and the Water Pollution Control
Act of the State of West Virginia, administered .by the
Department of Natural Resources, provide the regulations
necessary for land reclamation and rehabilitation with
requisite mine drainage control measures, as well as the
control and reduction of pollution in the State's waters.
The Water Pollution Control Act of the State of West
Virginia (Article 5A, Chapter 20 of the Code of West
Virginia, 1969, as amended) provides for pollution control
and continuing jurisdiction over same as indicated by
Section 20-5A-2, 20-5A-3 and 20-5A-14 of the article,
which are presented in their entirety in the Appendices.
The Water Resources Division has clear jurisdiction over
control measures applicable to acid mine drainage, as
defined within the Water Pollution Control Act. Therefore,
at present and in the future, all State waters shall be
subject to the control measures as given in Section 5,
16
-------
Series I, Chapter 20-5 and 20-5A of the West Virginia
Administrative Regulations which is presented in its
entirety in the Appendices.
The 1967 Surface Mining Act provides specifically for the
prevention of future pollution at any and all sites in the
State because of its provisions governing reclamation
procedures and administration. Specific regulations
covering reclamation procedures and revegetation techniques
and standards were established in Article 6, Chapter 20,
of the Code of West Virginia in 1967, which are to be
administered under the provisions of the aforementioned
Act. Administration of the foregoing rests with the
Director of Natural Resources, the Division of Reclama-
tion and the Reclamation Commission, each of which
has specific areas of responsibility with respect to the
law, which are defined in detail in the Act.
The water infiltration control procedures outlined for
implementation as a part of this project are in keeping
with the laws and regulations established, and are
applicable to any future work which might be required to
overcome deleterious drainage effects upon the Dents
Run Watershed from adjacent property and workings. Such
property and workings are also subject to the regulations
now on the books and would be required to comply with
same; otherwise they would risk the loss of permits
granted, performance bonds posted and all fees paid.
The State of West Virginia assures the Environmental
Protection Agency that it will exercise its authority
under State statutes to provide legal and practical
protection to the project area to insure against any
activities which will cause future acid or other water
pollution.
17
-------
SECTION V
INVENTORY AND FORECAST
Physical Conditions
The Dents Run Watershed lies entirely within Monongalia
County, West Virginia. The watershed is described on the
U. S. Geological Survey 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle
maps - (1) Osage, West Virginia, (2) Rivesville, West
Virginia, (3) Morgantown North, West Virginia, and .
(4) Morgantown South, West Virginia (see Figure 2). The
watershed is traversed along its southern boundary by
U. S. Route 19, which follows the course of Dents Run
from a point opposite Morgan Heights westerly to Laurel
Point. Interstate Highway 79 is presently under construc-
tion crossing Dents Run at the eastern end in a north-south
direction.
The elevation of the highest peak in the watershed is
approximately 1,600 feet, while the valley floor in the
vicinity of Laurel Point is 956 feet with a base of 830
feet at the mouth of Dents Run. The mountain tops are
forested, while the valley sides and bottom are open grass-
land and farmland.
Aerial photographs were taken of the area during Septem-
ber of 1971. A photographic mosaic of the area is
illustrated in Figure 3.
The valley is underlain with four coal seams that outcrop
along the valley sides beginning at the mouth of Dents
Run near Granville. The lowest of these is the Pittsburgh
seam. The Redstone seam is approximately 30 feet above
the Pittsburgh seam; the Sewickley seam is approximately
90 feet above the Pittsburgh seam; and the Waynesburg seam
is approximately 350 to 375 feet above the Pittsburgh
seam. The Pittsburgh seam and all others above it dip to
the west. The elevation of the Pittsburgh seam is approxi-
mately 1,000 feet at Granville and about 750 feet in the
western section of the watershed near Sugar Grove. The
valley floor elevation at Sugar Grove is approximately 1,100
19
-------
I
c
p; ; : K* - •
^fcJC^ICJ
.
j \'... >-:
"V ' -'/ £* - , SS0 B •• \ '
' l * •••/ i 1 ' firf** >'
^S
>', '.' . / V'^
**^»*' ~!-\
'
, vt.^-
1 ..-/•
^«^«- = v
REFERENCE MAPS
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
MORSANTOWN NORTH QUADRANGLE
MORGANTOWN SOUTH OUADRANGLE
RIVESVILLE QUADRANGLE
OSAGE QUADRANGLE
,,,., ^ DENTS RUN WATERSHED
LOCATION MAP
-------
AERIAL PHOTO-DENTS RUN WATERSHED
-------
feet, so the Pittsburgh seam is 350 feet below the valley
floor at this point. A typical cross section of the
watershed is depicted in Figure 4.
Surface mining of the Pittsburgh-Redstone-Sewickley
seams is thus confined largely to the eastern end of
Dents Run Watershed with surface mining of the Waynesburg
outcrop occurring near the hilltops throughout the
watershed. The only drift mining noted in the Waynesburg
seam is a few house coal entries. The Pittsburgh seam and
the Sewickley seam have been drift mined extensively in
the eastern end of the watershed for many years. Surface
mining of these and the Redstone outcrop has also occurred
in the eastern end of the watershed and was substantially
completed prior to 1952. Some additional activity of
surface mining of these seams has taken place between
1960 and 1966. Since 1966, the additional surface mining
has been in the Waynesburg seam, particularly in the area
around Chisler's Knob.
The Christopher Coal Division of the Consolidation Coal
Company maintains six active borehole discharges within
the watershed (see Figure 5). Five of the six boreholes
discharge water from active or inactive deep mine workings
within the Pittsburgh coal seam. These pumps are located
within the mine; two of these, the Valotto and the Laurel
Point, are constant discharge pumps. The Hess, Six Right
and Loar pumps are float controlled. Surface water which
is intercepted by abandoned unreclaimed mining operations
in the eastern portion of the watershed drains to the Hess
discharge point and then continues on to Laurel Point.
The Laurel Point pumping facilities handle a small portion
of this drainage, while the excess continues on to either
the Loar or Six Right discharge points. A typical section
of this area is illustrated in Figure 6.
The sixth borehole, Snider, discharges water from the
abandoned workings of the Brock mine which is located in
the Sewickley coal seam. The Snider discharge represents
the largest single discharge within the watershed with an
average daily pumping rate ranging between 0.3 million
gallons in the dry season to 3.5 million gallons during
the winter and spring months. The Snider borehole employs
a float controlled surface pump; accurate pumping records
are available for the Snider discharge since 1966 and can
22
-------
NOTE.:
- VERTICAL EXAGGERATION -15
-COAL DIPS 2% TO THE WEST
NJ
U)
I3OO
1280
1260
1240
1220
1200
1180
1160
1140
1120 I
1100
1080
1060
IO40
1020
1000 _
L
960
9SO
940
920
90O
680
860
840
820
800
TYPICAL CROSS SECTION
DENTS RUN WATERSHED
FIGURE 4
-------
MORGANTOWN
2000 0 2000 4000 6000
SCALE IN FEET
REFERENCE: FIGURE 12
BOREHOLE LOCATIONS
FIGURE 5
-------
to
Ul
1J31P!]JSS5*^
- _ - -_—_--. •:" . _ - - -JV _ -' -- - Cft»80NACEOUS SHALE ~ - I -2. T '- ~ ~ '~~ • '- ~— ~- ~-~=- J=_T •^Wf-^' "' ~ --V.-T:—^-tZ--r^-%l-:^s=:_=-=_=. ^^^~^.~=I^
1050
I CMS
IO40
1035
1030
1025
ioa>
1015
1010
1005
looo ;
995 ]
990 ;
985 <
980
975
970
965
9SO
955
950
945
940
935
SECTION I
NORTHEAST AREA
OF WATERSHED
FIGURE 6
-------
be correlated against recorded rainfall data for this same
period. The graphical correlation between pumping rates
and precipitation as illustrated in Figure 7 is typical
of the Snider borehole discharge.
Typically, water discharged from the Sewickley coal seam
is alkaline in nature. When acid water does appear at
the Snider borehole, it is thought to come from an old
abandoned mine in the Pittsburgh seam which fills up and
is forced upward into the Sewickley seam through aban-
doned boreholes and fracture zones. Drainage accumulates
in a swag at the Snider borehole location and is pumped to
the surface to prevent overflow of the swag with conse-
quent flooding into the Arkwright mine shaft and Pittsburgh
coal workings (see Figure 8) . Although this portion of
the Arkwright mine is inactive with no prospects of
reopening, the present seals between the inactive and
active portions of the mine are not adequate to permit
flooding of the inactive section without affecting active
operations. Due to the unavailability of land at the
present borehole site, Christopher Coal is planning to
move the location of this borehole discharge to a point
just outside the watershed; it is believed that the same
swag can be used as a subsurface retention pond (refer
to Figure 8) . While this discharge will be removed from
the Dents Run Watershed, the borehole will still be
available as a reference point to determine the effective-
ness of the reclamation work completed in reducing surface
water infiltration.
Christopher Coal discharges water into Dents Run at the
average rate of 3.0 million gallons per day. While this
comprises the vast majority of the acid mine drainage
within the watershed, several abandoned mines also have
either continuous or seasonal drainages. During the dry
season of the year, this flow generally amounts to a total
volume of less than 25 gallons per minute from an estimated
20 to 25 drift mine openings. During periods of relatively
wet weather, this flow may increase by a factor of ten. In
addition to these near continuous drainages, one drift mine
entry has a seasonal discharge which has been measured at
500 gallons per minute (mine opening 38, Strip Area M) .
According to one local resident, this discharge is quite
seasonal and did not exist until the time when Strip Areas
Q and R in Section G were developed. Practically all
26
-------
NJ
8.0
7.0
en 6.0
UJ
X
O
z 5.0
O 4.0
SNIDER BOREHOLE
o
UJ
2-0
1.0
120
105 «>
O
CO
90
75
60 g
(T
45 o
CO
o
30
15
<
I—
o
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
TIME, MONTHS
AVERAGE PRECIPITATION a PUMPING RATE VS TIME
1966 THRU 1971
FIGURE 7
-------
NOTE:
COAL DIPS 2% TO THE WEST
VERTICAL EXAGGERATION-10
WAYNESBURG COAL
UNION TOWN COAL
NJ
00
lb?> ^a^j1—jj^g^jj-—TT— —— ;r—:r£.£ —T.2-z£-*
:-£r-™^J^.-^|--'c.
MRRiER^HB ^— ^•TPM
- 1220
- 1210
- 1200
- 1190
- 1180
- 1170
- I ISO
- 1150
- 1140
- 1130
- 1120
- II 10
- IIOO
- 1090
- 1080 ,_
- loro s
- IOGO£
- 1050 -
- 1040 g
- 1030 5
- 1020 £
- 1010 UJ
- 1000
- 990
- 980
- 970
- 9SO
- 950
- 940
- 93O
- 920
- 910
- 900
- 890
- 880
ENLARGED SECTION
DENTS RUN
WATERSHED
FIGURE 8
-------
surface water runoff in these strip areas is channeled
into auger and drift mine openings and, apparently, a
considerable portion of this water drains through inter-
connections in the deep mine workings to finally discharge
at this point. It is anticipated that this drainage, as
well as the drainage from other drift mine openings in
the watershed, will be significantly reduced with effective
surface mine reclamation.
Water Resources
The Dents Run Watershed drains an area which is
characterized by a heavy concentration of strip mines,
drift mines, refuse dumps and spoil banks which contribute
significantly to the acid mine drainage problems inherent
in the subject stream and many of the State waters.
Waters were sampled at various locations throughout the
watershed and were found, in most instances, to be highly
acidic and exhibiting significant concentrations of iron,
sulfate and dissolved solids, as well as high specific
conductance. Such levels of concentration, in most
cases, were beyond adopted standards and generally
accepted limits. The geographic locations of these
sample points are illustrated in Figures 9 and 12.
The results of these analyses are reported in Tables 5
through 43 which appear in the Appendices of this report.
Based upon the volume and quality of the discharges from
Consolidation Coal Company alone, there is an average daily
discharge of 48 tons of sulfate, or 17,500 tons per year.
The Monongahela River at Star City (approximately 1.0
mile downriver from the confluence of Dents Run and the
Monongahela River) reportedly carries an average sulfate
concentration of 371 ppm or 1262 tons per day, which is
twice the load of that measured upriver at .Fairmont, West
Virginia. The marked increase in load was due to the
contribution from tributaries such as Booths Creek,
Deckers Creek, Scotts Run, Robinson Run and Dents Run.
The local streams that are continuously affected by acid
mine drainage are identified on the drainage map illus-
trated in Figure 10.
The investigation of the watershed, Dents Run and its
tributaries verified that the watershed consisted of an
29
-------
U)
o
MORGANTOWN
2000 0 2000 4000 6000
SCALE IN FEET
REFERENCE: FIGURE 12
DENTS RUN WATERSHED
SAMPLE POINT LOCATIONS
FIGURE 9
-------
PENNSYLVANIA
WEST VIRGINIA
STAR CITY
MORGANTOWN
DECKERS
CREEK
NOTE:
AREA STREAMS SHOWN ARE
CONTINUOUSLY AFFECTED
BY ACID MINE DRAINAGE
MARYLAND
10 15 20
SCALE IN MILES
DRAINAGE MAP
FIGURE 10
-------
area of 9097 acres and contained 24 miles of streams.
These results are tabulated in Tables 1 and 2 and
are illustrated in Figure 11.
A tabulation of rainfall data for the period 1960 through
1971 is presented in Table 3. This data represents
precipitation recorded at the Morgantown FAA Airport,
which is located approximately 1.0 mile east of the
Dents Run Watershed. A recording rain and snow gauge
should be installed near the center of the watershed to
obtain a more accurate appraisal of the actual rainfall
within this area.
Social and Economic Environment
The project area is located within Monongalia County,
West Virginia, and lies due west of the City of
Morgantown. Points of major interest comparing the
State to national trends are as follows:
1. During the decade from 1960 to 1970, West Virginia
was one of three states in the nation losing
population. Of the three, it had the greatest
numerical decline and rate of decline. The State's
population dropped 6.2% during the decade.
2. West Virginia is the only State which lost population
during two successive decades. The population loss
from 1950 to 1960 was 7.2%.
3. The metropolitan population within the State is
31% compared to a national average of approximately
67%.
4. The State has proportionately more teenagers as a
segment of its total population than the national
average.
5. The proportion of adults in the State who have
completed one or more years of college is lower than
the national average.
A significant reason for the general decline in population
in the State is due primarily to increased mechanization
in the coal industry and this reduction in employment
32
-------
TABLE 1
TABULATION OF STREAM LENGTHS
Stream
Identification No. Length
M7-Dents Run 8.50 Mi.
M7-1 1.90 Mi.
M7-1-2 0.85 Mi.
M7-2 0.66 Mi.
M7-3 0.61 Mi.
M7-4 1.37 Mi.
M7-4-1 0.09 Mi.
M7-5 0.28 Mi.
M7-6 1.23 Mi.
M7-6-1 0.57 Mi.
M7-6-2 0.34 Mi.
M7-7 1.06 Mi.
M7-8 1.61 Mi.
M7-8-1 0.09 Mi.
M7-8-2 0-53 Mi.
M7-8-3 0.72 Mi.
M7-9 0.75 Mi.
M7-10 0.66 Mi.
M7-11 1.23 Mi.
M7-12 1.08 Mi.
24.13 Mi.
33
-------
TABLE 2
TABULATION OF SUBWATERSHED AREAS
Subwatershed
Number
M7-A
M7-B
M7-C
M7-D
M7-E
M7-F
M7-G
M7-H
M7-I
M7-1-A
M7-1-B
M7-1-C
M7-1-2
M7-2
M7-3
M7-4
Area
Acres
226.12
1270.66
404.95
350.78
89.20
57.39
255.73
314.83
716-58
59.03
75.42
588.67
252.52
254.16
209.89
560.80
Subwatershed
Number
M7-5
M7-6-A
M7-6-B
M7-6-1
M7-6-2
M7-7
M7-8
M7-8-A
M7-8-B
M7-8-1
M7-8-2
M7-9
M7-10
M7-11
M7-12
Area
Acres
118.06
159.05
147.57
244.32
54.11
395.18
291.87
170.53
88.38
144.30
259.08
221.36
285.32
373.86
457.49
TOTAL ACRES - 9097.21
34
-------
U)
U1
MORGANTOWN
lOOO 0 1000 20OO
SCALE IN FEET
DENTS RUN TRIBUTARIES
AND SUBWATERSHEDS
FIGURE 11
-------
TABLE 3
TABULATION OF RAINFALL DATA, MORGANTOWN FAA
1960 THROUGH 1971
AIRPORT
YEAR
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
TOT.
AVE.
JAN.
•^ta_^BM^«V«*«^^^B^b_
2.39
1.41
2.67
1.42
2.14
3.04
3.60
0.61
1.95
1.56
1.63
2.84
25.26
2.11
FEB.
3.29
3.21
3.99
1.62
2.38
1.31
3.32
2.08
0.63
0.82
1.84
4.08
28.57
2.38
MAR.
1.98
5.80
4.15
6.55
3.91
3.42
1.04
7.29
4.11
1.76
4.54
2.80
47.35
3.95
APR.
• •• ' • Minimum
1.76
4.42
4.82
1.45
4.66
3.57
4.51
2.92
1.84
3.43
4.81
1.14
39.33
3.28
MAY
4.97
2.84
1.92
1.36
1.25
1|. 29
1.47
6.54
7.47
2.67
2.59
4.86
39.23
3.27
JUNE
^h^B^-^^«^»_^^>«W
2.05
6.87
2.21
5.35
4.62
2.27
0.87
1.56
2.88
2.37
4.26
3.63
38.94
3.25
JULY
III! 1 !• •• •! •• 1 !••
4.94
5.58
2.73
1.39
3.91
3.93
3.13
4.23
2.10
8.71
4.91
6.20
51.76
4.31
AUG.
3.59
3.91
2.84
3.41
4.77
3.05
3.77
3.25
3.84
2.23
3.36
3.60
41.62
3.47
SEPT.
3.10
4.29
4.10
1.90
3.44
4.62
3.45
3.87
3.09
2.05
3.69
6.42
44.02
3.67
OCT.
2.84
3.00
3.22
0.24
0.86
1.88
1.71
2.60
1.77
1.47
3.15
1.14
23.88
1.99
NOV.
1.40
3.44
3.34
3.92
3.50
1.58
3.83
2.91
3.65
2.43
1.86
3.25
35.11
2.93
DEC.
1.62
3.25
3.15
0.92
4.30
0.61
1.71
3.11
2.91
4.44
5.31
2.09
33.42
2.79
YR.TQT.
33.93
48.02
39.14
29.53
39.74
30.57
32.41
40.97
36.24
33.94
41.95
42.05
448.49
37.37
CO
en
-------
has not been offset by'increases in other sectors of the
State's economy. Although the general State population
trend is a decline, some areas of the state are experienc-
ing a growth in population. This represents a shift from
rural to metropolitan areas which is in evidence in the
towns and cities within Monongalia County, most of which
are small in size. Population changes (1960-1970) have
ranged from +6 to 7% for Star City and Westover to
+27 to 31% for Granville and Morgantown. It is further
evidenced by an accompanying increase in population (13.3%)
within the County itself.
Pertinent facts relative to the population density are
as follows:
\
State of West Virginia (1969 figures)
population/square mile - 75.5
Monongalia County (1970 figures)
land area - 365 square miles
total population - &3,714
population/square mile - 174.6
The State is running opposite to national figures (1970)
when it comes to data on population increases in various
age groupings. Nationwide, people in the age groups
5 to 14 and 25 to 44 are increasing in number; however,
in West Virginia, people in these same groups show a
clecline of 15%.
Other statistics (1960) on the population in the State
reveal that more than half of the State's employed workers
are in blue-collar occupations, and that one-third of
the families in the State have incomes under $3,000. This
is significant since the State does not experience
increased population, as almost all other states, and
those that are native born tend to remain in the state of
their birth. People in the area are definitely dependent
upon employment in the vicinity of their home, since a
low percentage of the work force (8.2%) tends to work
outside the county of their residence. The median
level of education for the people in the County was 8.6
years of school completed.
37
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Agricultural employment represents a" very small portion
of the State's economy as evidenced by a total value of
$92 million of farm products sold in a year (1964). Farms
are relatively small in size (153 average acres/farm); the
most prevalent types of farming are dairy, poultry and
livestock and the major crops are hay, apples, corn and
tobacco. The major sector of the economy is in the area
of non-agricultural work. The bulk of the labor force
in this area is engaged in manufacturing industries, the
wholesale and retail trades, or government service. How-
ever, even though the mining industry represents a
smaller number of jobs in the ranking, it commands re-
cognition as a major force in the control of the economy.
Mineral production in the State is of great importance
since West Virginia has been ranked fifth in the nation,
according to 1968 statistics. The order of importance
of those minerals in terms of value is coal, natural gas,
stone and natural gas liquids. In Monongalia County,
coal was considered first and stone second, in order of
value, of the minerals produced. The foregoing is
understandable when you consider that coal represented
85% of the State's mineral output during 1969.
The coal industry naturally has a dominant effect on
growth and the economy within the State. Counties
experiencing declining population are those heavily
dependent upon the coal industry for support of their
economy, a result of greater mechanization in the industry,
Statistics (1969) on the coal industry, in total for the
State, reveal that mining employment went up 3.3% from
the previous year and the value of the coal mined that
year represented a 4% increase over the previous year
($807.8 million). Of the total coal produced in the
State, 86% came from 867 underground operations, 10% from
229 strip mines and 4% from 111 auger mines. Within
Monongalia County, 24 underground mines and 13 strip mines
were in operation, producing a total value of $53.8
million worth of coal production.
Although a diversity of areas exist for employment within
the State and notable industries may dominate the economy,
the factors of minimal education, increased mechanization,
predominance of employment in blue-collar positions,
38
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and dependence on employment in the vicinity of the home
are significant factors indicating-the limited potential
of the work force. This is further supported by relatively
high unemployment rates (1960) in Monongalia County and
the towns in its jurisdiction as follows:
Monongalia County - 8.9% of civilian labor force unemployed
Westover - 6.2% of civilian labor force unemployed
Morgantown - 6.1% of civilian labor force unemployed
Workers ,are dependent primarily on work in the mining
industry, manufacturing and government services within
Monongalia County. The need for increased job oppor-
tunities' is critical from the standpoint that the median
age of the public is in the mid-to-late twenties.
Statistics from the 1960 census indicated that the median
income per family for Monongalia County was $5,297.
The State of West Virginia now has adequate regulations
and authority to control the quality of its waters, as
well as the restoration of worked land. However,
conditions as they exist today are the result of years
of neglect and abuse, which will take many years and a
considerable investment to correct.
Concern and action to maintain and improve the State's
waterways is essential to the ability of the State to
reverse its pattern of years of decline during a general
period of progress in most other states. Maintenance
of the State's waters within the water quality standards
established will make them more acceptable for the water
use categories applicable to such waters. The Dents
Run Watershed falls within the use standards established
for the Monongahela and its tributaries, which include
recreation,.public water supply and industrial water
supply.
Therefore, it can readily be seen that improved water
quality will meet the demand for increased water use
by the public as people continue to migrate to the towns
and cities. It will also serve to encourage industrial
investment in the area, providing more job opportunities,
when industry learns that it can expect and be virtually
guaranteed a good source of water to meet the demands
of its operations.
39
-------
One of the greatest potentials for an economic upturn
in the State is in the area of recreation. West Virginia
has been planning, encouraging and investing in recent
years in a program which includes the development of new
recreational facilities within the State and the promotion
of the State as an ideal place for hunting, fishing and
other vacation activities. This concerted effort has
been conducted to substantially promote an existing
industry and, in so doing, create many new job oppor-
tunities for residents of the State. These efforts
can only be continued as new areas of the State may be
opened to such development, which in some cases requires
the restoration of scarified land and the improvement of
water quality to support fish life and encourage
pleasure boating, swimming, etc. This project can go
a long way in demonstrating a successful program of
restoring the natural beauty of the land and the service-
ability of the waterways, which is required on an areawide
basis to promote full recreational capabilities. ;
40
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SECTION VI
PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING
Detailed Site Descriptions
The information presented herein includes a detailed
physical description of each strip area and mine opening
in the project area, as well as recommendations for
reclamation work required at each site to facilitate
proper execution of the project beyond this study.
Each strip area and/or mine opening presented is first
listed under the section letter of the area of the water-
shed map in which it is located (see Figure 12). The
heading identifying and describing the particular strip
area or mine opening and its priority classification then
precedes the paragraph concerning same. The probable coal
seam is then identified in parentheses immediately below
this heading. Letters are used to designate strip areas
which correspond with matching lettered cross-hatched areas
pn the watershed map. Mine openings are identified by
number and correspond to matching numbered symbols, in
accordance with the legend.
A priority listing has been developed for the work to be
performed. Since the objective of this demonstration
project is the reduction of mine water pollution through
water infiltration control, first priority items refer to
those areas which contribute significant amounts of drain-
age to the underground mine workings, while second priority
items are those which contribute directly to stream
pollution as a result of surface water runoff. Third
priority items are those areas which contribute to
aesthetic pollution; this includes all of the sites within
the watershed which are not included in the first or
second priority listing. The priority listings are as
follows:
Priority I - Infiltration
1. Dents Run - Suspected loss of flow
2. Section G, Strip Area R
3. Section G, Strip Area A
4. Section C, Strip Area C
5. Section G, Strip Area J
6. Borehole - Interception(s)
41
-------
-------
Priority II - Surface Water Pollution
1. Section G, Strip Area G
2. Section G, Mine Dump N
3. Section C, Strip Areas J and H
4. Section G, Strip Areas D and E
5. Section G, Strip Area M
6. Section G, Strip Area C
7. Section F, Strip Area A
8. Section C, Strip Area S
9. Section G, Strip Areas P and Q
10. Section G, Strip Area B
11. Section C, Strip Area B
Priority III - Aesthetic Pollution
All remaining sites in the watershed.
Items 1 and 6 under Priority I require further explana-
tion, as they are not discussed in the site descriptions.
Throughout the investigative portion of this study, signi-
ficant reductions were observed in the flows measured
between sample points 4 and 5 in Dents Run. Subsequent
investigations have somewhat pinpointed this apparent
water loss to one general area. The Pittsburgh coal seam
outcrops in this area and it is believed that a portion
of the stream flow finds its way into mine workings
through fissures or fracture zones present in the stream
bed. An extensive investigation is scheduled to be
conducted during the months of May and June, 1972, to
determine the exact point of water loss. If this area
can be defined, it will probably be necessary to line this
portion of the stream bed with concrete. Figure 13 shows
the extent of mining in the Pittsburgh coal seam in this
area and the proximity of the mining to the stream bed.
Discussions with Christopher Coal Personnel indicate that
some of the drainage that is pumped from the Snider bore-
hole location may be the result of water rising from an
abandoned mine in the Pittsburgh coal ^e
abandoned boreholes and discharging into
43
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CHRISTOPHER COAL CO.
MAIN HAULAGE TUNNEL
(ACTIVE)
MINED OUT SECTION
(PILLARS REMAINING)
1
LAUREL POINT AIRSHAFT
a BOREHOLE DISCHARGE
y/ /
MINED OUT SECTION
(PILLARS REMOVED)
MINE MAP-PITTSBURGH COAL SEAM
LAUREL POINT VICINITY
FIGURE 13
-------
suspected boreholes are believed to be in Section H
{see Figure 12) near the village of Harmony Grove. If
further investigation confirms this theory of intercep-
tions, these should be sealed to prevent any future influx
of water from this area.
The various types of backfill methods presently employed
in West Virginia are illustrated in Figures 14 through
18. Reclamation work within the watershed would be
primarily concerned with the contour or pasture type
backfill or a combination of these two techniques, depen-
ding upon the conditions encountered at each site. The
pasture type backfill will be used when the highwall is
relatively sound, whereas the contour backfill will be
used in areas which have highly fractured highwalls. The
backfills will be compacted in order to prevent excessive
infiltration through the porous spoil material and into
intercepted deep mine workings.
Where surface mines have disturbed relatively large
drainage areas, surface water diversion ditches should
be constructed in order to prevent excessive erosion of
the backfill and permit better development of the vege-
tative cover. Figure 47 illustrates a typical diversion
ditch.
1
Figures 19 and 20 show typical applications of both
of these surface reclamation techniques. In the case of
the auger mining, subsidence has not occurred and the
highwall is relatively intact, thereby permitting the use
Of the pasture backfill. In Figure 19 the interception
of extensive deep mine workings has resulted in fracturing
Of the highwall with consequent instability and relatively
high infiltration rates. The compacted contour backfill
and surface water diversion ditch serve both to reduce
further fracturing and decrease the rate of surface water
infiltration.
Site investigations in the Dents Run Watershed indicate
that the majority of surface mines have intercepted deep
mine workings, highwalls are generally highly fractured
and surface water runoff in these areas is usually
channeled directly into the deep mine workings.
Several of the surface mines presently contain water
impoundments in portions of the unreclaimed pit areas. As
reclamation work requires draining of these impoundments,
portable treatment facilities will be employed to provide
adequate treatment of any and all water impoundments
prior to discharge to a receiving stream.
45
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BACKFILLED GROUND SLOPE
PIT BOTTOM
TYPICAL CONTOUR BACKFILL
FIGURE 14
-------
PIT BOTTOM
TYPICAL PASTURE BACKFILL
FIGURE 15
-------
BACKFILLED GROUND SLOPE
*>.
00
rA-A-A-A-An
4'MIN. COVER
TYPICAL GEORGIA V-DITCH BACKFILL
FIGURE 16
-------
BACKFILLED GROUND SLOPE
=A=A=A=ArAr
AZAZAZAZAZAZ
ZA=AZAZ,AZAZA
A—A—A-A—A-A—
rAnAziArArArA
HIGHWALL
60% MAX.
4'MIN. COVER
COAL SEAM
TYPICAL REVERSE TERRACE (I) BACKFILL
FIGURE 17
-------
en
o
BACKFILLED GROUND SLOPE
I I I I
^A=A=A-A=A
~A— A —A~A —A —
HIGHWALL
4'.MIN. COVER
COAL SEAM
TYPICAL REVERSE TERRACE (II) BACKFILL
FIGURE 18
-------
•SURFACE WATER
DIVERSION DITCH
MIN
COMPACTED CLAY SOIL
TYPICAL BACKFILL-DEEP MINE
FIGURE 19
-------
IV!
SURFACE WATER
DIVERSION DITCH
(IF REQUIRED)
A-A-A-A^A-A^A-
- A - A —A - A - A -A - A
MIN
COMPACTED SOIL
TYPICAL BACKFILL-AUGER MINE
FIGURE 20
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SECTION B - Drift Mine Openirtgs 1, 13 and 14
j Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
prift mine openings 1 and 13 have fallen in and are over-
grdwn with underbrush. There is a small amount'of water
seepage immediately in front of these openings. The
total seepage from drift mine opening 1 is less than
pne-half gallon per minute and^the total seepage from
flrift mine opening 13 amounts to two to three gallons per
fninute. Drift mine opening 14 is still accessible. The
present opening is approximately five feet high by eight
£eet wide. There is a pond of water immediately in front
Of this opening which is '"approximately twenty-five fee't
long by ten feet wide (refer to sample 38,,table 40). Due
j:o .the relatively high quality of '"this discharge water
j(p& 8.0) and the present condition of these openings,
additional work is not recommended for this site.
$ECTION B - Drift Mine Openings 4, 5 and 6
; Priority I-II (Waynesburg Coal)
*. "*
Drift mine openings 4 and 5 are approximately five £eet
high by eight feet wide. There is a small pond of water
£t the mouth of each opening.' These openings appear to
be very shallow (approximately ten feet deep) and have
Apparently been opened strictly for house, coal. There
is a small seepage of water immediately in front of
these openings. Drift mine opening 6 is approximately
five feet high by-ten feet wide at the mouth. This
bpening also has a small amount of water ponded immedi-
fitely behind the mouth of the mine. It appears to have
j>een developed to a greater extent than drift mine' openings
4 and 5; however, it is impossible to tell how extensive
the mine really is. There is also a small seepage 6f
fvater from this drift mine opening. The total seepage
from drift mine openings 4, 5 and 6 amounts to less than
fane gallon per minute. This seepage was sampled on
September 20, 1971, (refer to sample 36, Table 38). Due
f:o the relatively high quality of the discharge (pH 7.6)
from these openings and the inaccessibility of both
bpenings from any main or secondary highway, reclamation
work is not recommended for this site. .
SECTION B - Strip Area B
^ Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The total length of this strip area is approximately one
thousand feet, the height of the highwall is approximately
53
-------
twenty feet, and the width of the bench is approximately
one hundred fifty feet. The height of the outslope averages
approximately thirty feet. This strip area has been
backfilled with the slope toward the highwall. It is
apparently a very old strip, as the area is now covered
with a heavy growth of underbrush. This strip area is not
visible from any of the major or secondary highways in tne
area. Surface water drainage would be toward the highwall;
however, there is only a slight amount of acidic material
present on the bench of this strip area and there are no
drift mine or auger mine interceptions within the highwall.
Therefore, the pollution problem resulting from this
drainage would be minimal. Due to the present condition
of this strip area, there would be no significant advan-
tage to performing additional reclamation work at this site.
SECTION B - Strip Area C
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The total length of this strip area is approximately 1500
feet; the height of the highwall is approximately fifty
feet, and the width of the bench varies from one hundred
fifty to two hundred fifty feet. The outslope is
approximately fifty feet high. This strip area has not
been backfilled, and there is no vegetative cover on
either the outslope or the bench. There is quite a bit of
acidic material left on the bench and the outslope. The
strip is highly visible from one of the major highways in
the area (W- Va. Rt. 46). There are two deep mine inter-
ceptions in the northeastern portion of this strip area
(mine openings 7 and 8). Recommended reclamation at the
site includes compacted earth seals of the mine openings
involved, regrading of the spoil banks and the outslope
to near original contour, placement of a surface water
diversion ditch along the upper portion of the highwall,
soil conditioning of the backfill material in order
to establish a firm vegetative cover and planting of
the area in some species of trees or grass. It should be
noted, however, that this strip is presently under active
permit and any reclamation work completed at this site
should be the responsibility of the permittee"
Mine openings 7 and 8 are deep mine interceptions rather
than actual drift mine entries. The entrances of both
interceptions are partially covered by material that has
fallen from the highwall. Both openings are approximately
54
-------
seven feet high by twelve to fifteen feet wide. Mining
in this area would have been to the dip so that surface
water would run into the mine rather than drainage
running-out of the mine. A compacted earth seal should
be installed in each of these openings to prevent
surface water from entering the mine.
Drift mine opening 10 was apparently abandoned quite some
time ago. The opening has fallen in and is overgrown with
underbrush. There is no evidence of any water seepage at
this-'time or at any time in the past. Reclamation work is
not recommended at this opening.
Drift *mine opening 11 was apparently the main opening to
a small drift mine. The opening is partially covered by
material which has fallen from above the mouth of the
mine. The present opening is approximately seven
feet high by fifteen feet wide. There is no evidence of
any water seepage. Reclamation work is not recommended
at this location.
Drift mine opening 12 is almost totally covered by under-
brush and debris. There is no evidence of water seepage
from the mine. Reclamation work is not recommended at
this opening.
SECTION C - Strip Area B
Priority II (Waynesburg Coal)
The total length of this strip area is approximately
2600 feet. The height of the highwall varies from
thirty-five to fifty feet and the width of the bench
varies from one hundred twenty-five to two hundred feet.
This strip mine has not been backfilled and there is a
significant amount of acidic material present on both the
bench and outslope. There is no vegetation on either the
bench or outslope. The height of the outslope is
approximately seventy-five feet and the surface condition
is very rough. The condition of the highwall varies between
very firm in some areas to extremely fractured in other-
areas, which seems to indicate the presence of drift mine
interceptions. There are three ponded areas in this strip
mine and each pond averages approximately fifty feet wide
by two hundred feet long (refer to sample 20, Table 24).
Figure 21 shows a portion of one of the ponded areas in
the northern section of the strip pit. There are two
large shovels and two other pieces of heavy equipment
present at this site. This equipment does not appear to be
55
-------
STRIP PIT POND
SECTION C, STRIP AREA B
FIGURE 21
-------
in operable condition and should be removed. This
strip mine is highly visible from one of the secondary
roads in the area and may be visible from Interstate 79.
Figure 22 shows a portion of the exposed highwall of this
strip site as viewed from W. Va. Route 46. There is one
drift mine entry in the extreme southern section of this
strip (drift mine Opening 2). The roof of this entry has
collapsed and is overgrown with underbrush. There was
no drainage from this entry at the time of 5 inspection
and no evidence of any significant drainage at any time
in the past. Recommended reclamation at the site includes
removal or burial of solid waste and heavy equipment,
burial of acidic material present, regrading of spoil
banks and outslope to contour or pasture backfill
conditions, soil conditioning required to establish a firm
vegetative cover and replanting of the area in some species
of trees.
SECTION C - Strip Area C
Priority I (Waynesburg Coal)
The total length of this strip area is approximately 2600
feet, the width of the bench varies from one hundred to
one hundred fifty feet, and the height of the highwall is
approximately fifty feet. The condition of the highwall is
very solid, which indicates that there have been no drift
mine interceptions in this area. With the exception
of approximately 500 feet in the northwestern portion
of this strip area, most of the strip has been backfilled
with the slope toward the highwall. This area has
apparently been planted in grasses which are just beginning
to grow. The outslope, however, has no vegetative cover
and the condition of this area is very rough. The north-
western section of this strip area has not been backfilled
and the base of the highwall has apparently been exten-
sively auger mined. Since the auger mining would have
been to the dip in this area, all surface drainage
eventually enters these auger mines. Figure 23 shows a
portion of this area with associated surface water runoff.
This entire strip area will probably be visible from i,
Interstate 79, Reclamation work required at the site :e
should include earth compaction seals in each of the auger
mine openings to prevent surface water infiltration,
regrading of the spoil 'bank and outslope in th£ northwes-
tern portion of the strip to a contour backfill, planting
of the area in some species of trees or grasses.
57
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EXPOSED HIGHWALL
SECTION C, STRIP AREA B
FIGURE 22
-------
HIGHWALL AND BENCH SHOWING SURFACE WATER RUNOFF
SECTION C, STRIP AREA C
FIGURE 23
-------
SECTION C - Strip Area D
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area D has apparently been abandoned for quite some
time. The area appears to have been backfilled, although
this may also be the result of natural weathering and
erosion. The total length of the strip is approximately
six hundred feet and the height of the existing highwall
is ten to fifteen feet. The strip itself is now covered
with a heavy growth of trees and underbrush. There is no
evidence of drift mine openings or drift mine interceptions.
Due to the present condition of this strip area, surface
water drainage would probably follow natural courses and
eventually drain into stream M7-1 (refer to Figure 12) .
This drainage should not create any significant pollution
problems. Due to the natural reclamation of this area and
the relative inaccessibility from any major highway,
additional reclamation work at this site is not warranted.
SECTION C - Strip Area E
Priority III (Redstone Coal)
This strip area has been almost totally eliminated by the
Interstate 79 road construction. The total length of
the remaining strip area is approximately two hundred
feet, the height of the highwall is approximately fifteen
feet, and the width of the "bench is approximately fifty
feet. The area has been backfilled with the slope toward.
the highwall and has been planted in pine trees. There
is a good growth of both underbrush and pine on the
backfilled area. There are no apparent drift mine inter-
ceptions or drift mine openings into this strip area. Due
to the slope of the backfill, surface water drainage
would probably drain toward the highwall and eventually
into stream M7-1; however, there is very little acidic
material left uncovered in this area and the drainage
should not be contaminated. Portions of this strip area
will be visible from the new Interstate highway. From
an aesthetic point of view, these areas should probably
be regraded to an original contour backfill and planted
in some type of trees; however, the area does not present
any significant drainage problems and the money required
to completely reclaim this area could probably be put to
better use elsewhere.
60
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SECTION C - Strip Area F
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area F appears to be a continuation of strip area G.
The height of the existing highwall is approximately twenty
feet, the width of the bench is approximately fifty feet,
and ;the total length of this strip area is approximately
fifteen hundred feet. The extreme northern section of
this strip area has been reclaimed by the Interstate 79
road construction. Natural weathering and erosion have
reduced the height of the highwall and spoil banks in the
remaining section of the strip to near original contour
conditions. The area is now covered with a very dense
growth of underbrush and trees. There are four apparent
drift mine openings in the extreme northern section of
strip area F (drift mine openings 5, 6, 7 and 8). Two of
these openings have fallen in and are now covered over.
The remaining two entries are still accessible. Since
these openings would have been worked to the dip, any
surface water drainage would drain into the subsurface
water system. This drainage would probably be insignificant
in quantity since this strip area is located at the crest
of a hill; however, the area is easily accessible and it
would be relatively inexpensive to place a clay compaction
seal in each of the openings to eliminate surface water
infiltration. Due to the present condition of this strip
area, it is believed that further reclamation work
attempted in this area would be more detrimental than
beneficial; however, several areas are presently devoid
of vegetative cover and should be revegetated.
SECTION C - Strip Area G
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall in this strip area is approxi-
mately twenty feet, the width of the bench is approximate-
ly fifty feet, and the total length is approximately
fifteen hundred feet. This area was apparently worked
quite some time ago, and is now overgrown with underbrush
and trees. There are several areas along the base of the
highwall that appear to have intercepted drift mine work-
ings; however, they have fallen in and are partially
overgrown. For the most part, these drift mine
interceptions would have been into mines that had been
worked to the rise in this area, and therefore any
drainage would tend to be from the drift mine workings
rather than into them. Drift mine opening 19 is located in
the north central section of this strip area. This drift
61
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mine opening has fallen in and is now overgrown. There
is no evidence of drainage either into or out of any of the
drift mine openings or drift mine interceptions located in
this strip area. Natural weathering and erosion have re-
duced the height of the highwall and spoil banks to near
original contour conditions. Since the area has now
stabilized and is presently covered with a heavy growth of
underbrush and trees and there is no significant drainage
from this strip area, it is believed that any further
reclamation work attempted at this site would be more
detrimental than beneficial. There are several areas that
have apparently been used as refuse dumps; soil condition-
ing could be utilized in these areas in order to help
establish a firm vegetative cover, providing there are
sufficient funds in the project to permit this work.
SECTION C - Strip Area H
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall in strip area H varies from
fifteen to thirty-five feet, the width of the bench varies
from seventy-five to one hundred fifty feet, and the total
length of this strip is approximately two thousand feet.
Most of this strip area has been backfilled with the slope
toward the highwall; however, the southern and western
portions of the strip have not been backfilled. There is
a heavy growth of black locust on the northern section of
the strip which appears to be between five and ten years
old. There are three drift mine entries into the highwall
of the central and western portions of this strip area
(drift mines 11, 12 and 13). All of these entries were
apparently worked to the dip and, therefore, drainage
should be into the mine rather than out of the mine. Each
of the three entries is open and the dimensions of each
of the mine openings is approximately five feet high by
twelve feet wide. A compacted earth seal should be
adequate at each of these entries since mining was to the
dip and there is no head of water expected on the seal.
There is a pond of water in the western section of the
strip pit which is approximately fifty feet long; the
water in this pond is highly discolored, indicating the
presence of high concentrations of iron. Recommended
reclamation work at the site should include placement of
a surface water diversion ditch at the base of the highwall
in the northern section (there would be no advantage to
regrading the entire area since there is a well established
growth of trees in this area), installation of earth
62
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compaction seals in each of the drift mine openings,
treating and draining the ponded water in the western
section of the strip, contour backfilling of the
remaining portion of the strip and soil conditioning
of this portion of the strip in order to establish a
firm vegetative cover.
SECTION C - Strip Area J
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall in strip area J varies from
fifteen to thirty-five feet and the width of the bench
averages approximately two hundred feet. The condition of
the highwall varies from solid in the eastern portion of
the strip to highly fractured in the western portion. The
eastern portion of the strip has not been backfilled and
the present spoil bank is approximately twenty feet high.
The western section of the strip has been backfilled,
apparently to aid in the development of the drift mine into
the highwall of the strip. There are three drift mine
openings in this portion of the strip, drift mine openings
14, 15 and 16. These openings all appear to have been main
haulage tunnels. The mouths of drift mine openings 14 and
15 are still open; however, the roof of the haulage tunnel
itself appears to have collapsed a short distance behind
the mouth of the mine. The roof of drift mine opening 16
has fallen in. Each of these openings could have been
worked to either the rise or the dip and it is difficult
to estimate the direction of mining without accurate mine
maps; however, drift mine opening 14 was apparently
worked to the rise, since there is an active discharge
from this opening amounting to approximately two gallons
per minute. There are several areas along the western
portion of the highwall which have apparently been drift
mine interceptions and are now collapsed. Due to the
extremely fractured condition of the highwall in this
area, it is doubtful that any type of water seal would be
effective. There is an actively burning refuse dump just
north of drift mine opening 15. This dump is approxi-
mately fifty feet long by fifty feet wide by thirty feet
high (see Figure 24). Recommended reclamation work
required at the site includes installation of wet seals at
mine openings 14 and 16 (reference Figure 48), installation
of a compacted earth seal at mine opening 15, regrading the
strip area to a contour backfill, extinguishing the fire
in the refuse dump, burial of the material along the base
of the highwall and conditioning the backfill material so
that the area may be planted in some species of grass or
trees.
63
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-
4.
BURNING REFUSE DUMP
SECTION C, STRIP AREA J
FIGURE 24
-------
SECTION C - Strip Area K
; Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Strip Area K appears to be quite old and there is a heavy
growth of trees and underbrush along the entire length of
the strip. The strip extends along the hillside and
is approximately twelve to fifteen hundred feet long.
Natural weathering and erosion have reduced the height of
the highwall and spoil banks to near original contour
conditions. There are no apparent openings into deep mine
workings at this site. There would be little or no advan-
tage to reworking this area. However, there is one old
coal tipple and several junked automobiles in the area
which could be removed.
SECTION C - Strip Area L
? Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
area was stripped at the crest of a hill and there is
only a small portion of the highwall remaining. Other
sections of the highwall have evidently been removed in
order to provide material for the backfill. This strip is
£even to eight hundred feet long by approximately two
hundred feet wide. The outslope is fifty to seventy feet
high. The condition of the outslope is very rough, and
there is only sparse vegetative cover on the bench and
outslope. Recommended reclamation at the site is
^Limited to soil conditioning and planting of the area in
some species of trees.
;,
SECTION C - Mine Dump P
Mine dump P is an active refuse dump and slurry pond of
the Christopher Coal Division of the Consolidation Coal
Company. The slurry pond area is twelve to fifteen
hundred feet long by four hundred fifty feet wide. The
area surrounding this pond is presently being used as a
refuse dump and is approximately fifteen hundred feet long
by three hundred feet wide. There is seepage from the
south end of the slurry pond of approximately twenty
gallons per minute during the fall of the year (refer to
sample 22, Table 26). Consolidation Coal is responsible,
under the West Virginia state regulations, for this area
and the treatment of any discharge resulting from this
Operation. This problem will be solved by the completion
date of the project. As of this writing, Christopher Coal
Division has not submitted plans for the correction of
the problem area. Several alternative control methods are
being studied.
65
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SECTION C - Mine Dump Q
Mine dump Q is an active refuse dump of the Christopher
Coal Division of the Consolidation Coal Company. This dump
is approximately one thousand feet long by three hundred
feet wide and forty to fifty feet deep. There is a
continuous discharge from the eastern portion of this dump
which averages twenty-five gallons per minute during the
fall of the year (refer to sample 19, Table 23). Since
this is still an active refuse dump, Christopher Coal
is responsible for the elimination or treatment of this
discharge under the West Virginia state regulations by
July, 1973.
SECTION C - Strip Area S
Priority II (Redstone Coal)
The height of the existing highwall in this strip area is
approximately thirty feet, the width of the bench is
approximately fifty feet, and the length of the strip
area is approximately fifteen hundred feet. This area
has not been backfilled; however, the site has apparently
stabilized and is now covered with a relatively heavy
growth of underbrush and trees. Natural weathering and
erosion have reduced the height of the highwall and spoil
banks to near original contour conditions. There were
no drift mine interceptions or drift mine entries located
in this area; however, the presence of several refuse dumps
would seem to indicate that there were several drift mine
openings in this area at one time (see Figure 25) . These
openings have apparently fallen in and are now overgrown.
These refuse areas should be conditioned with fertilizers
and lime in order to establish a firm vegetative cover.
Due to the present condition of strip area S, it is
believed that any further reclamation attempted at this
site would be more detrimental than beneficial.
SECTION C - Strip Area T
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The length of this strip is approximately seven hundred
feet, the height of the highwall is generally between
thirty-five and forty feet, and the width of the bench
varies from fifty to two hundred feet. This is apparently
an old strip cut judging from the dense cover of trees and
underbrush on the bench and the eroded condition of the
66
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•
-
• !
,
• " •>«* f ^
•~~~ "•
—*. __ i
ABANDONED REFUSE DUMP
SECTION C, STRIP AREA S
FIGURE 25
-------
highwall. There are several openings into drift mine
workings located along the highwall (drift mine openings
17 and 18). These appear to be interceptions rather
than actual drift mine entries. Since the drift mine
would have been worked to the dip in this area, surface
drainage would flow into the mine rather than out of
the mine. This possibly could be eliminated by placing
compacted earth seals at each of the openings and
placing surface water diversion ditches along the base
of the highwall. The outslope to this strip is overgrown
with trees and underbrush, and there would be little -••-.
advantage to regrading this area.
SECTION C - Strip Area U
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The total length of this strip area is approximately one
hundred fifty feet and the height of the highwall is
twenty-five to thirty feet. The southeastern portion of
this strip area was apparently worked quite some time
ago, since the area is now eroded and overgrown with
underbrush. However, the northeastern portion of this area
(approximately sixty feet) is still apparently being
used by local residents for house coal supplies. There
are no drift mine entries or drift mine interceptions
in this area. There is no visible drainage from the area
at this time; however, surface water drainage from this
area would most likely drain into stream M7-1 (refer to
Figure 12). The spoil banks and uncovered acidic material
in this area are insignificant due to the relatively small
size of the area. Additional reclamation is not
recommended at this site.
SECTION C - Drift Mine Openings 9 and 10
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Drift mine opening 10 was apparently a main haulage tunnel
of a small drift mine. This mine was evidently worked to
the rise and, therefore, any drainage within the mine would
probably be drained from the mine at this point. The
mine has apparently been abandoned for quite some time; the
roof of the opening has collapsed and is overgrown with
underbrush and some small trees. There was no drainage from
this entry at the time of inspection, or evidence of any
significant drainage at any time in the past. Reclamation
is not recommended for this site.
68
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Drift mine opening 9 was apparently the ventilation course
for the same small drift mine. The mine is still accessible
through the ventilation fan opening at this entry. There
is a_ small pond of water immediately in front of the
opening; however, this appears to be surface water drainage
rather than drainage from the mine itself. There does
not appear to have been any significant drainage from this
entry at any time in the past. Reclamation is not recom-
mended for this site.
SECTION F - Strip Area A
Priority II (Waynesburg Coal)
The length of this strip is approximately eighteen hundred
feet, the width of the bench is one hundred to one hundred
twenty-five feet. The height of the highwall averages
approximately thirty feet, and the outslope is approximately
fifty feet high. The highwall is relatively solid, and
there are very few fractured areas. There are no visible
openings into drift mines. The strip is located at the
crest of a hill, and the overburden between the coal
seam and the surface area is thirty to forty feet. The
area has not been backfilled, and there are spoil banks
over the entire width of the bench. There is some volunteer
growth on the area which appears to be about five years
old. This vegetative cover is confined to a very small
area of the strip, and the growth in these areas is sparse.
The entire area (the bench, the highwall and the outslope)
contains considerable acidic material, and there is evidence
of drainage and erosion on the outslope. There were no
indications of drainage from the area at the time of
inspection. At present, there are two abandoned shovels
and one tractor trailer on the strip (see Figure 26) .
These should be removed, as it is doubtful that they can be
moved under their own power. Recommended reclamation at
the site includes removal of all solid wastes, contour
backfilling of the entire strip area, soil conditioning
of the backfill and planting of the area in some species
of trees or grasses.
SECTION F - Strip Area B
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The height of the highwall is twenty to twenty-five feet,
the width of the bench varies from one hundred to three
hundred feet, and the outslope is fifteen to twenty feet
high. The total length of the strip mine is approximately
six hundred feet. This strip is located about one-tenth
69
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-1
:
ABANDONED COAL EQUIPMENT
SECTION F, STRIP AREA A
FIGURE 26
-------
of a mile south of U.S. Route 19, but it is not highly
visible from the road due to the vegetative growth in the
area. The condition of the highwall is relatively stable,
which indicates the absence of drift mine entries or inter-
ceptions. The area has been backfilled with the slope
toward the highwall (see Figure 27). There are areas
where there have been visible runoffs toward the highwall,
but there was no apparent seepage from the area. There is
a growth of black locusts on the backfill which appears to
be several years old and the area has also been planted in
pines which are presently one to two feet high. Recommended
reclamation at the site includes soil conditioning and
supplemental planting of the area in some species of trees
or grasses.
SECTION F - Strip Area C
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
There are apparently two benches at this strip site. The
height of the highwall varies from twenty-five to seventy-
five feet, the width of the bench is approximately three
hundred feet and the total length of this strip is
approximately three thousand feet. This strip has been
backfilled with a contour backfill, and the backfilled
area has recently been planted in grasses. The highwall
appears very solid, indicating the absence of drift mine
entries or interceptions. There appears to be some acidic
material on the backfill, but it does not appear to be
affecting the growth of the grasses. This is an exception-
ally good backfill; however, from a purely aesthetic point
of view, the highwall should be lowered. The outslope of
the strip mine is approximately seventy-five feet high.
Portions of this strip area have been planted in grasses
and the remainder has apparently been prepared for planting.
Recommended reclamation at the site includes regrading
the outslope, soil conditioning and seeding of unplanted
areas in some species of trees.
SECTION F - Drift Mine Openings 1, 2, 3 and 4
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
Drift mine opening 1 has apparently fallen in and is now
sealed. It is one opening of a group of four. This drift
mine appears to have been abandoned quite some time ago,
as indicated by the appearance of the entries and the mine
tracks in the area. Drift mine opening 2 is still
accessible and is approximately ten feet wide by
71
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I
'
_ -.
TYPICAL REVERSE TERRACE BACKFILL
SECTION F, STRIP AREA B
FIGURE 27
-------
seven feet high. There is a small amount of seepage from
this entry, totaling approximately one-half gallon per
minute. The water was sampled in August, 1971, (refer to
sample 30, Table 34). The pH at that time was 6.8,
alkalinity exceeded acidity, and total iron was 2.2 ppm.
Drift mine opening 3 has partially fallen in. Part of the
coal seam is still exposed. There is water ponded in
the entry; however, there does not appear to,be any seepage
from the opening. Drift mine opening 4 is apparently part
of the same small drift mine. The'entry has fallen in and
is now overgrown. There is no apparent seepage from the
entry and no signs of seepage at any time in the past.
There is a small spoil bank approximately twenty feet wide
by twenty feet long and five feet high' which is not
visible from the road.
The mines are located just north of an infrequently traveled
dirt road. There are only meager signs that the mines
ever existed in this area (a small refuse dump exists
alongside the road) . Due to the relatively high quality
of the water discharged from these mines and their inacces-
sibility, reclamation is not recommended at this site.
SECTION G - Strip Area A
Priority I (Waynesburg Coal)
The exposed highwall of strip area A averages thirty
feet, the width of the bench is approximately one hundred
twenty-five feet and the height of the outslope is
approximately forty feet. The total length of this
strip is approximately fifteen hundred feet. The condition
of the highwall is generally very solid. There is one
section near the southeast portion of the strip which is
highly fractured; the fracture zone runs at a forty-five
degree angle to the highwall and extends back approximately
fifty feet. There is also some local subsidence in the
area. The fracture zone and subsidence area would require
some type of grout or clay compaction seal in order to
reduce surface water infiltration. The strip area has been
backfilled and the bench dips slightly toward the highwall;
however, there is no vegetative cover on either the bench
or the outslope. There are several areas along the highwall
in which there are exposed auger holes. Only four auger
holes are now open in the area since the strip has been
backfilled; however, it is probable that augering has been
completed along the entire length of the strip. The surface
73
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drainage courses in this area direct all surface water
into the auger openings. Recommended reclamation at
the site includes sealing of the fractured area,
placement of a surface water diversion ditch above this
area, compaction sealing of the auger areas, regrading
of the bench and outslope to Pasture backfill, soil
conditioning and establishment of a good vegetative cover
in the area.
SECTION G - Strip Area B
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area B is located approximately seventy-five feet
below and parallel to strip area A. Strip area B was
evidently worked quite some time ago, judging by the
appearance of the spoil banks and the vegetative cover in
the area. The area has not been backfilled; however,
natural weathering and erosion have reduced the height of
the highwall and spoil banks to near original contour con-
ditions. The width of the bench of this strip varies from
fifty to four hundred fifty feet, and the total length is
approximately two thousand feet. There appears to be a
considerable amount of acidic material exposed on the spoil
banks and outslope; however, any attempts to regrade or
otherwise disturb this area would probably be more
detrimental than advantageous. Recommended reclamation
at the site includes conditioning of the spoil banks,
and supplemental planting of some species of trees.
SECTION G - Strip Area C
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the existing highwall in strip area C is
twenty to twenty-five feet, the width of the bench varies
from fifty to three hundred feet, and the height of the
outslope is twenty to thirty feet. The total length of the
strip is approximately fifteen hundred feet. The area has
been backfilled with a slight dip of the backfill toward
the highwall. The condition of the outslope is fairly
smooth; however, there is no vegetative cover on the
outslope or the bench (see Figure 28). There are no visible
drift mine openings or interceptions in the area. There is
evidence of surface runoff and, judging from the iron stains
on the bottom of the stream bed, the drainage is acidic in
nature. The location of the strip represents the head-
waters of stream M7-3. The total drainage from all of the
74
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.
.
— ' —
-*
'
*ST~
_
•
'-.•V- ;•" .- r "•>- _•«•„• t •-
«. ' 'I'' » ' '• •:
r^> ^^ . v- . - *
REGRADED BENCH AREA SHOWING LACK OF VEGETATION
SECTION G, STRIP AREA C
FIGURE 28
-------
surface runoff from any of the strip mines in the area,
is eventually drained into M7-3. This stream has been
sampled on several occasions (refer to sample 24, Table 28).
Recommended reclamation at this site includes soil
conditioning (neutralization and fertilization) and
planting of some species of trees or grasses.
SECTION G - Strip Area D
Priority II (Waynesburg Coal)
The highwall in strip area D varies from twenty to fifty
feet, the width of the bench is approximately seventy-five
feet and the outslope is twenty to twenty-five feet
high. The extreme southeastern section, the portion in
which drift mine opening 31 is located, has recently been
backfilled and planted in grasses. The existing highwall
in this section is approximately forty feet high. This
is generally a very good backfill; however, nothing has been
done to the outslope, and the slope of the backfill itself
is slightly toward the highwall. The remaining section of
strip area D, from drift mine opening 30 to the extreme
northern section of this strip, has not been backfilled.
The height of the spoil banks in this section varies from
twenty-five to forty-five feet. There is considerable
acidic material along the bench and on the spoil banks
of the strip, and very little vegetative cover exists over
most of the area.
Drift mine opening 29 was apparently the main haulage
tunnel for what appears to have been a large drift mine.
The original opening has partially fallen in, and the
existing opening is approximately four feet high by
fifteen feet wide. This opening, as well as all other
openings which are found in this strip area, has
been mined to the rise so that any drainage would be from
the mine rather than into the mine. At present, there is
no drainage from this particular opening; however, there
is evidence immediately in front of the opening that there
has been drainage at times. The drainage course is
highly stained, indicating the presence of high concen-
trations of iron. Drift mine opening 30 was apparently an
alternate haulage route. The dimensions of this opening
are similar to those of drift mine opening 29. There are
no signs of drainage from the opening either now or in
the past. Drift mine opening 28 was apparently a ventila-
tion tunnel. The present opening is approximately four
feet in diameter. There are no signs of drainage from the
76
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entry, either now or in the past. Drift mine opening 27
appears to have been a drift mine interception into one
of the main haulage tunnels. The present opening is quite
large, approximately five feet high by twenty to twenty-five
feet wide. There is a large pond of water immediately
behind the material which has fallen from the highwall in
front of this opening. There are also signs of seepage
immediately in front of the opening. Drift mine openings
25 and 26 are very similar in appearance to drift mine
opening 27. However, they have partially fallen in and it
is not known whether water is ponded behind each of these
falls. Drift mine openings 23 and 24 are also drift mine
interceptions; however, they have fallen in and are now
covered over. There is evidence along the base of the
highwall of the strip area that water has drained from
each of the openings at one time or another; however, the
drainage appears to have been small in quantity. As
reclamation work is completed at strip area A, Section G,
infiltration into the deep mine workings should be
decreased with a consequent reduction in the drainage from
strip area D.
Recommended reclamation at the site includes installation
of a wet seal at mine opening 29, installation of compacted
earth seals at the remaining mine openings, complete
pasture backfilling, conditioning of the backfill in
order to permit the establishment of a firm vegetative
growth and planting of the area in some species of grasses
or trees.
SECTION G - Strip Area E
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area E is located below and parallel to strip area D.
The strip was evidently worked quite some time ago and
is now overgrown with a heavy stand of trees and under-
brush. The strip mine was not backfilled and there are
several areas which still contain excessive amounts of
acidic material. However, any disturbance to these areas
would probably be more detrimental than beneficial.
Natural weathering and erosion have reduced the height
of the highwalls and spoil banks to near original contour
conditions. There is evidence of two drift mine openings
in the southern portion of this strip (drift mine openings
60 and 61) . These entries have caved in and are over-
grown; however, there is a small amount of seepage in front
of each of the entries. The seepage amounts to less
77
-------
than one-half gallon per minute. Due to the present
condition of this strip area the only reclamation re-
commended at this site would be soil conditioning and
revegetation of those areas which are presently devoid of
vegetative cover.
SECTION G - Strip Area F
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The highwall in strip area F is thirty-five to forty feet
high, the width of the bench is approximately one hundred
twenty-five feet and the height of the outslope is
thirty-five to forty feet. The total length of this strip
is approximately six hundred feet. The highwall is
relatively solid, which indicates the absence of drift
mine interceptions. Most of the area has been backfilled
with the slope toward the highwall; approximately thirty
yards in the extreme northern section of this strip has
not been backfilled. There are some grasses and light
underbrush growing on the backfilled area, along with
several small trees. The strip is highly visible from
U.S. Route 19. Recommended reclamation at the site
includes soil conditioning of the bench and outslope
and planting of the area in some species of trees.
SECTION G - Strip Area G
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
The total length of the strip area is approximately twelve
hundred feet, the height of the highwali varies from
thirty to forty-five feet and the width of the bench
averages about fifty feet. The highwall is highly frac-
tured, and there are numerous drift mine interceptions
along the entire length of the strip cut. The area has
not been backfilled and there is considerable acidic
material on both the bench and spoil banks. There is
very little vegetative cover on either the bench or the
outslope. The strip area is not visible from any major
or secondary highway in the area. There are approximately
ten drift mine entries or drift mine interceptions into
the drift mine workings located along the highwall of the
strip area.
Drift mine opening 13 is located at the extreme northern
end of strip area G. The opening has fallen in and there
are several areas of stagnant ponded water in front of
the opening. Minimal drainage from this area combines
78
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with the drainage from drift mine opening 14. There is
also an extensive area of subsidence between drift mine
openings 13 and 14.
Drift opening 14 appears to be a drift mine interception
rather than an actual drift mine entry. The present
opening is approximately six feet high by twelve feet
wide. Some water is ponded behind the material which has
fallen from the high wall immediately in front of the
opening, which has resulted in a small amount of drainage
seeping through the material. The drainage amounts to
five to seven gallons per minute, which combines with
other drainage from the highwall of the strip area and
finally discharges into stream M7-4 at the rate of seven
to eight gallons per minute.
Drift mine opening 15 was also apparently a ventilation
shaft. The present opening is approximately six feet
high by seventeen feet wide. There is some drainage from
the opening, which combines with the drainage from drift
mine opening 16 and flows into stream M7-4 at the rate of
five to seven gallons per minute.
Drift mine opening 16 was apparently a main haulage tunnel.
The present opening is approximately six feet high by
twelve feet wide. There is an extensive subsidence area
above the opening. At the present time, there is a drainage
from the mine opening amounting to approximately three
gallons per minute.
Drift mine opening 17 was apparently a ventilation tunnel.
The opening has fallen in and there is drainage of two
to three gallons per minute from the site.
Drift mine opening 18 was apparently a main haulage tunnel.
The present opening is approximately five feet high by
twelve feet wide (see Figure 29) . There is drainage from
the entry amounting to five to seven gallons per minute.
The drainage combines with surface water drainage from
the southern half of the strip area and drains into stream
M7-4 at a current rate of thirty to thirty-five gallons
per minute.
Drift mine opening 19 appears to have been a drift mine
interception at the junction of two haulage tunnels. The
present opening is approximately five feet high by twelve
feet wide. There was no sign of drainage from this entry
at the time of inspection. There is a very large subsi-
dence immediately over the mine opening.
79
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TYPICAL DRIFT MINE ENTRY
SECTION G, STRIP AREA G, MINE OPENING 18
FIGURE 29
-------
Drift mine opening 20 was apparently used as a secondary
haulage tunnel. The opening is partially covered by
material which has fallen from the highwall of the strip
cut. The present opening is approximately four feet
high by ten feet wide. There is no evidence of water
behind the partial seal and no supporting evidence of
drainage at any time in the past from the opening.
Drift mine opening 21 is approximately twenty-five feet
north of drift mine opening 22. It was also apparently
a main haulage tunnel. The present opening is approximately
four feet high by twelve feet wide. The mouth of the
opening is partially covered by material that has fallen
from the highwall. There is no water behind the seal and
no evidence of drainage from the entry.
Drift mine opening 22 was apparently one of the main
haulage tunnels for the drift mine. The present opening
is approximately four feet high by six feet wide. There is
no apparent drainage from the drift mine opening at this
time and no evidence of any significant drainage in the
past.
There are also several other areas that apparently have'
intercepted drift mine workings; however, they have fallen
in and are not accessible from the highwall. Drift mine
workings along the highwall were apparently worked to the
rise; therefore, any drainage would flow out of the mine
rather than into the mine. At the present time, there
is drainage from six of the drift mine entries; however,
it appears to be surface water runoff from the highwall.
Recommended reclamation at the site includes burial of
all acidic material present, sealing of mine openings 16
and 18 with a wet seal, sealing each of the remaining
drift mine entries or interceptions with a compacted earth
seal, complete pasture backfilling of the strip area,
sealing of subsidence areas, placement of a surface water
diversion ditch along the upper portion of the highwall,
soil conditioning of the backfill material in order to
establish a firm vegetative cover and replanting of the
area in some species of trees and grasses.
The drainages mentioned above represent a period following
several days of moderately heavy rainfall. The normal
discharge from the mine openings amounts to five to seven
gallons per minute. Due to the extensively fractured
81
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condition of the highwall and the strip area, it is
doubtful that any type of a hydraulic seal would prevent
future drainage from this area. In view of this condition,
the money required to install hydraulic seals could not be
justified. It should also be noted that the majority of
the drainage from the area apparently comes from surface
water runoff from the highwall rather than from the mine
itself. The installation of a surface water diversion
ditch along the upper portion of the highwall would
reduce the volume of this drainage to insignificant
levels.
SECTION G - Strip Area H
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall in this strip is approximately »
forty feet, the width of the bench is fifty to seventy-five
feet and the spoil banks are approximately twenty-five
feet high. The total length of the strip area is approxi-
mately six hundred feet. The strip has not been back-
filled; however, there is a moderate cover of trees on
both the spoil bank and the bench. The trees appear to be
at least fifteen years old.
There are three drift mine openings in this strip cut, all
of which are open. These mines were worked to the rise;
however, there was no drainage from any of the openings
at the time of inspection. There are signs that there has
been drainage from both drift mine openings 11 and 12.
This probably would have occurred during periods
of relatively high water. The present dimensions of each
of these openings are approximately six feet high by twelve
feet wide. Recommended reclamation at the site includes
sealing of the three drift mine entries involved with a
compacted earthen seal, contour backfilling, soil
conditioning of the backfill and planting of the area in
some species of trees and grasses. •
SECTION G - Strip Area J
Priority I (Sewickley Coal)
This area is presently being used as a sanitary landfill
for the towns of Westover and Granville (see Figure 30) .
The sanitary landfill operator has stated that the
expected life of the strip area as a landfill operation
is between four and five years; however, recent public
82
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SANITARY LANDFILL
SECTION G, STRIP AREA J
FIGURE 30
-------
opposition to this site for future landfill usage has
resulted in an injunction against the operator and it is ,,
doubtful that the area will be reopened.
The total length of strip area J is approximately one
thousand feet. The width of the bench varies from seventy-
five to two hundred feet. The height of the exposed
highwall area varies from approximately twenty feet in the
areas which have already been landfilled to approximately ;
forty-five feet in areas which have not yet been landfille^d.
There are approximately nine drift mine interceptions in
the northern section along the highwall of the strip mine .
area. Since mining would have been to the dip in the
area, it is suspected that any surface water falling on
the strip cut or landfill operation would eventually
drain into the drift mine interceptions. Several areas
of extensive surface subsidence and fracturing have been
located at the top of the highwall. These areas intercept
a relatively large drainage area and would effectively
drain any surface water into the abandoned deep mine work-
ings .
Recommended reclamation at the site includes placement of
a surface water diversion ditch along the top of the
highwall, grouting or sealing of the fracture and
subsidence areas near the top of the highwall, compacted
contour/pasture backfill and planting of the area in trees
and grasses.
SECTION G - Strip Area K
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area K has also been used as a sanitary landfill.
The landfill has been completed and the area is now being
used as a junkyard. The remaining exposed highwall area
is ten to fifteen feet high. The highwall is highly
fractured, and there are numerous drift mine interceptions
still exposed in the area. Drift mining in the area would
have been to the rise and, therefore, any drainage
associated with the mining operation would drain from the
mines rather than into the mines. There are no signs of
drainage from any of the interceptions in this area.
However, since the area has been used as a sanitary landfill
operation, it is suspected that any drainage would percolate
84
-------
through the landfill and would not be appreciably noticeable
in the area of the highwall. The outer perimeter of the
landfill operation was checked for drainage. There
was no visible drainage at the time and no signs of
excessive drainage -at any time in the past. The cover over
the old landfill operation is minimal and should be in-
creased to at least six inches in order to prevent surface
water infiltration. While the area is a definite eyesore,
it is not noticeable from any of the major highways in the
area, despite the fact that it is immediately adjacent to
U.S. Route 19. Since this area is not of major concern
from a pollution viewpoint, reclamation is not recommended
at this site.
SECTION G - Strip Area L
Priority III (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall in this strip varies from
twenty to forty feet, the width of the bench is approximate-
ly thirty feet and the'total length of this entire section
is only six hundred feet. The highwall is highly fractured,
which is apparently the result of numerous drift mine
interceptions in the eastern section. There is some
vegetative cover in this area; however, the majority of the
bench and the outslope is still barren. The strip mine is
located immediately adjacent to U.S. Route 19, and it is
generally visible from the highway. There are several
drift mine openings on the strip and immediately adjacent
to the strip which could be sealed. Each opening
will be discussed on an individual basis.
Drift mine openings 32 and 33 have apparently been aban-
doned for quite some time and are now fallen in and over-
grown. There is no visible seepage from either of the
areas; therefore, reclamation work is not required at
either of the entries.
Drift mine opening 34 was apparently a main entry into
this small drift mine. The opening is approximately six
feet high by fifteen feet wide. There is no evidence
of drainage either into or out of the mine opening.
Drift mine opening 35 was apparently a main haulage
tunnel. The mine was worked to the rise so that
drainage would flow from the mine rather than into it.
There were no signs of drainage from the mine, either
now or in the past.
85
-------
Mine opening 36 is apparently a deep mine interception
rather than a drift mine opening. The opening has caved
in and is now completely closed.
Mine opening 37 also appears to be a deep mine inter-
ception rather than an actual drift mine entry. The roof
of this opening has collapsed. There appear to be three
or four additional interceptions in this area; however,
the highwall is so fractured and fallen that it is
difficult to tell whether they are actual interceptions or
merely areas where the fractured highwall has fallen in.
The only reclamation recommended at this site would be
the placement of a surface water diversion ditch along the
top of the highwall in order to divert surface runoff
away from the fractured highwall of this strip.
SECTION G - Strip Area M
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
The height of the highwall is approximately twenty feet,
the width of the bench is one hundred to one hundred
twenty-five feet and the height of the outslope is twenty
to twenty-five feet. The highwall is highly fractured,
indicating the presence of deep mine interceptions or
entries. The total length of the strip is approximately
six hundred feet. The eastern half of the strip area
has been backfilled; however, a relatively poor job has
been done and the area should be regraded. The western
section has not been backfilled. There is some growth on
the eastern section of the strip, primarily pine. The
western section is devoid of vegetative cover. Some
material has fallen at the base of the highwall,
concealing openings into the drift mines which may be
located in the area. There is one opening in the
central section of the strip (drift mine opening 38) .
There is no discharge from this opening during the dry
season; however, during the winter and spring seasons
there is an almost continuous discharge which has been
measured as high as 400-500 gpm. There are several areas
that appear to have cut into the drift mine; however,
they are now hidden by the material that has fallen from
the highwall (drift mine opening 39). The strip is highly
visible from U.S. Route 19. Recommended reclamation
at the site includes installation of a wet seal at mine
opening 38 and a compacted earth seal at mine opening 39,
regrading of the bench and outslope to a more natural
contour, soil conditioning of the backfill and planting
of trees and grasses.
86
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SECTION G - Mine Dump N
Priority II
This refuse dump is approximately four hundred feet
long, sixty feet high and varies from fifty to one
hundred feet wide. This area is visible from U.S. Route
19. The dump and the area below is completely devoid
of vegetative cover and there is evidence of pollution
from seepage water of the dump. At several points the
toe of the pile encroaches on the stream channel. Re-
commended reclamation at this site includes removal of
all refuse in or near the stream (10 foot minimum) , re-
shaping of the dump to a more natural contour, rerouting
of surface water drainways, treatment of the refuse with
fly ash and fertilizers and planting the area with grasses.
SECTION G - Strip Area P
Priority II (Sewickley Coal)
Strip area P is located immediately below and parallel to
strip area Q. Much of the area has been covered by the
outslope from strip area Q. In the areas where strip area
P has not been covered by the strip area Q outslope, the
highwall is twenty to twenty-five feet high. The exposed
highwall appears to be very solid and is evidently not
extensively undermined. The area does not appear to have
been backfilled; however, it is apparently a very old
strip and is presently overgrown with trees and under-
brush. While this area is generally visible from U.S.
Route 19, the vegetative cover hides most of the strip
mine scars. The most readily apparent scar in the area is
the outslope from strip area Q. There are several points
of seepage from strip area P. The total seepage from
this area at the time of inspection amounted to approxi-
mately five gallons per minute. Recommended reclamation
at the site should include regrading of the outslope of
strip area Q to cover most of the exposed sections of
the strip area. Little advantage would be gained by
regrading the bench of the strip, which is presently
under very heavy vegetative cover.
SECTION G - Strip Area Q
Priority II (Waynesburg Coal)
The height of the highwall in this strip is forty to
fifty feet, the width of the bench is approximately one
hundred twenty-five feet and the outslope is approximately
87
-------
seventy-five feet high. The condition of the outslope is
very rough as is illustrated in Figure 31. The length of
this strip is approximately one mile. There are twenty_to
twenty-five junked automobiles on the southeastern section
of the strip, along with a small amount of other solid
wastes. There are eight drift mine openings on the
extreme western section of the strip, two of which have
active discharges (refer to sample 18, Table 22, and sample
33, Table 36). The entire strip is highly visible from
U.S. Route 19. Portions of the highwall are highly
fractured, presumably caused by the interception of
drift mines (see Figure 32). The strip has been
backfilled with the slope of the backfill toward the
highwall; however, there are only small areas where
vegetative cover exists on either the bench or the outslope.
Mine opening 48 appears to be a drift mine intercep-
tion rather than an actual drift mine entry. The opening
is approximately four and one-half feet high by
twelve feet wide. There are no signs of water entering or
leaving this opening.
Drift mine openings 49 and 50 show no sign of water flow
into or out of these mine openings. Mine opening 50 was
apparently a ventilation shaft. The opening is approxi-
mately four and one-half feet high by six feet wide.
Drift mine openings 49, 50 and 51 appear to be a part of
a small drift mine which is separate from drift mine
openings 52, 53, 54 and 55. The mine was developed to
the dip and, therefore, any water flow would be into the
mine. Drift mine opening 51 was apparently a main
haulage route of this small drift mine. This opening
is approximately ten feet high by nine feet wide. The
overburden immediately above the entry is highly fractured.
Drift mine opening 52 appears to have been a main haulage
route, probably for the same mine as openings 53, 54
and 55. There is a large pond of water immediately in
front of the opening, which apparently originates within
the mine. The pond has an active drainage of two to three
gallons per minute. The discharge was sampled on August 31,
1971 (refer to sample 33, Table 36).
Mine opening 53 was apparently a main haulage route.
It has partially fallen in and the present opening is
approximately twelve feet wide by four feet high (see
88
-------
TYPICAL CONDITION OF "REGRADED" OUTSLOPE
SECTION G, STRIP AREA Q
FIGURE 31
-------
VD
O
FRACTURED HIGHWALL
SECTION G, STRIP AREA Q
^ - FIGURE 32 ...
-------
Figure 33) . There is drainage from this opening amounting
to approximately two gallons per minute (refer to sample 18,
Table 22).
Mine opening 54 was apparently an alternate haulage
route. It is now partially sealed with a concrete block
seal; however, there is an opening through the seal
approximately three feet in diameter. There is a small
amount of water ponded behind the seal, which presently
seeps through and joins the drainage from mine
openings 55 and 53.
Mine opening 55 was a ventilation shaft into what
appears to have been an extensive drift mine. The opening
is approximately four feet in diameter, and there is a
small amount of water ponded in the opening. Material has
fallen from the highwall, partially covering the opening.
There is seepage through the material from the drift mine
amounting to approximately one-half gallon per minute at
the time of this investigation.
Reclamation at the site should include installation of wet
seals at mine openings 52 and 53, installation of com-
pacted earth seals at all remaining mine openings, re-
grading to a pasture backfill, removal of tipple, tracks,
junk vehicles and trash, soil conditioning of the spoil
and planting the area in trees and grasses.
SECTION G - Strip Area R
- Priority I (Waynesburg Coal)
This strip area can be divided into two sections, an east
and a west section. Each section is described separately:
East Section
The highwall in the east section is forty to fifty feet
high, the width of the bench is approximately two hundred
fifty feet and the outslope is forty to fifty feet high.
The strip mine has not been backfilled, and there is no
vegetative cover on either the bench or the outslope in
this area (see Figure 34) . There is considerable solid
waste in the area which could probably be buried in the
highwall when the strip area is backfilled. The highwall
is highly fractured in certain areas due to extensive -,
auger mining. There are twenty visible auger openings
(see Figure 35) . It is estimated that there may be as
91
-------
•-•
%£- fr- < - .
•^-^ - - • • '- _,
*
TYPICAL DRIFT MINE ENTRY
SECTION G, STRIP AREA Q, MINE OPENING 53
FIGURE 33
-------
D
l-x.
»• ^-Sr*f>i - -~>
jfr^f—^* -•*r ... ^
& *i£^: -" , '»* jl*-
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TYPICAL CONDITION OF BENCH AND HIGHWALL
SECTION G, STRIP AREA R
FIGURE 34
-------
D
TYPICAL AUGER OPENINGS
SECTION G, STRIP AREA R
FIGURE 35
-------
many as sixty additional openings; however, material has
fallen from the highwall and partially covered most of
these, making it impossible to determine the extent of
auger mining in the area. There is evidence of water
infiltration into the auger openings; however, no
active drainage was observed at the time of this
investigation.
West Section
The height of the highwall in the west section is forty
to fifty feet, the width of the bench varies from fifty
feet to three hundred feet and the outslope is approximate-
ly forty feet high. The highwall is highly fractured
since the area has been almost totally undermined by
augering (see Figures 36 and 37) . Many of the auger
openings have cut into drift mine workings; therefore,
the highwall is only supported by a small pillar of
coal in several areas. There is no evidence of drainage
either into or out of the auger openings; however,
there is a ponded area at the extreme northwestern section
of the strip approximately forty feet wide by one hundred
twenty-five feet long. The water in the pond is highly
discolored, indicating the presence of high concentrations
of iron. The water was sampled on October 21, 1971,
(refer to sample 39, Table 41).
The total length of both strip sections is approximately
fifteen hundred feet. Reclamation work at this strip
should include compaction sealing of the auger openings,
contour backfilling (compacted), soil conditioning and
seeding to establish a firm vegetative cover.
SECTION G - Strip Area W
Priority III (Waynesburg Coal)
The height of the highwall in strip area W is twenty to
twenty-five feet, the width of the bench varies from
seventy-five to two hundred feet and the height of the
outslope is fifteen to twenty feet. Most of the area
has been backfilled with what appears to be contour
backfill.
Both the bench and outslope are presently covered with a
heavy growth of trees and underbrush. The trees appear
to be fifteen to twenty years old and consist predominantly
95
-------
-
FRACTURED HIGHWALL RESULTING FROM EXTENSIVE AUGERING
SECTION G, STRIP AREA R
FIGURE 36
-------
I
™INING
FIGURE 37
-------
of pine. Natural weathering and erosion have reduced the
height of the spoil banks and highwall to near original
contour conditions.
There are three drift mine openings in the strip area.
Drift mine openings 57 and 59 have either been covered or
fallen in and do not require further sealing. Drift mine
opening 58 has apparently been opened strictly for house
coal. This opening is approximately four feet in diameter
and the dimensions of the one small room that exists at
this opening are approximately fifteen feet wide by
twenty feet long. There is no evidence of drainage
from any of these openings.
There are two "hot spots" immediately below the area. Each
of the two areas is approximately fifty feet wide by two
hundred feet long. The first area, immediately below
drift mine opening 58, contains approximately one hundred
dead trees (see Figure 38). The second area, below mine
opening 57, is completely devoid of vegetative cover.
Reclamation recommended at this strip site includes
collecting soil samples from each of the "hot spot"
areas and addition of whatever material may be required
to establish a vegetative cover in the areas. Additional
reclamation is not recommended at this site.
Program Surveillance
An important part of a demonstration project is the
documentation of the effectiveness of the control
measures being demonstrated. In the proposed project,
tabulation of the quality and quantity of natural
stream•flows and borehole discharges in the watershed
would show both the reduction of acid mine drainage as
evidenced by Christopher Coal's reduced pumping rates,
and the increase in stream quality due to the increase
in natural surface water runoff.
The estimated stream flows observed during the course
of this study are presented in Table 4.
The relationship of stream flow to precipitation was
correlated for each of the stream monitor locations in
order to establish weir ratings. Figure 39 illustrates
this correlation for Monitor Station No. 1.
98
-------
-
"HOT SPOT" AREA
SECTION G, STRIP AREA W
FIGURE 38
-------
TABLE 4
ESTIMATED STREAM FLOWS
8/30/71 THROUGH 2/25/72
FLOWS IN GPM
Monitor
Station
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
8/30/71
2,020
200
100
3,110
4,040
185
5,300
2,660
450
15
9/20/71
5,335
450
280
5,400
5,390
845
4,540
990
3,185
2,925
10/19/71
980
187
117
1,120
1,337
45
1,569
93
1,634
450
11/15/71
1,960
84
74
1,620
2,673
297
1,688
79
713
392
12/7/71
39,400
4,480
420
26,930
28,160
6,536
26,800
11,300
26,800
21,364
1/14/72
16,200
1,188
297
21,663
16,159
2,228
13,469
4,019
8,406
3,375
2/11/72
11,205
706
392
8,785
10,530
891
6,750
5,400
3,240
2,025
2/25/72
29,581
971
373
27,603
-
3,735
25,599
6,570
15,687
15,859
o
o
-------
10.00
5.00
100,000
50,000
1.00
X
o
Z
O
CL
O
0 9 10 "Ts3oZS™3r5IO 15 20 25305IO™«2025"31 5 10\ \SZOZ530S\OIS 20 25 31
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IOO
1971
TIME, DAYS
MONITOR STATION I
PRECIPITATION & FLOW VS TIME
FIGURE 39
-------
A network of seven stream monitor stations should be
installed to record the transient qualitative and
quantitative effects. These monitor stations should
continuously record pH, conductivity and flow.
The proposed locations of the stream monitor stations
in the watershed are indicated in Figure 12. The
monitoring instrumentation for each station should be _
housed in a weatherproof-bulletproof enclosure which is
mounted above a stilling well located upstream from the
weir structure. A typical stream weir structure and
monitor station are illustrated in Figure 40. The design
for the monitor station enclosure is illustrated in
Figures 41 and 42, General Arrangement and Schematic
Diagram.
Since continuous measurement of all parameters of interest
is not practical, measurement of the foregoing would,
when correlated with spot sampling and laboratory
analysis, allow reasonable estimates of the remaining
parameters during the interval between samples. Samples
should be taken on a weekly basis at each of the indicated
stations and analyzed for pH, total iron, sulfate,
turbidity, total acidity, alkalinity, and conductivity.
Samples should be collected at monthly intervals at both
the stream monitor stations and borehole discharges, and
analyzed for alkalinity, total acidity, conductivity,
pH, turbidity, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, total iron,
ferrous iron, total solids, suspended solids, dissolved
solids, settleable solids, aluminum and manganese.
Due to the relative inaccessibility and sporadic operation
of the borehole discharge pumps, accurate pumping data
is not available. This information could be obtained
by installing weir plates and event recorders at each of
the borehole locations.
By an effective program of monitoring it can be shown
that the acid mine drainage has not simply been diverted
from underground to surface water courses. The monitoring
program should begin following the feasibility study and
continue for the duration of the demonstration project
(approximately two years).
In addition to the foregoing stream monitoring stations,
a recording rain and snow gauge should be installed near
the center of the watershed.
102
-------
o
U)
VIEW LOOKING UPSTREAM
VIEW AT OPERATOR STATION
TYPICAL WEIR STRUCTURE AND MONITOR STATION
FIGURE 40
-------
16'/a"
TITF7
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TOP PLAN
ROOF REMOVED"
EQUIPMENT
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-------
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3
4
5
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
17
19
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
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• ALL iHSTRUMENIATON WIRNCTO BE ™
-------
All recording charts should be collected at weekly inter-
vals; the information from these charts and from
periodic water sample analyses should be tabulated and a
program developed to transmit the data in a format com-
patible with the Environmental Protection Agency computer
facilities.
Monitor stations, as proposed, would operate from a
primary 120 volt AC source supplied from local utility
lines. In the event of a power failure of this primary
system, a standby battery power source would be auto-
matically energized. The battery circuit has provisions
for testing during routine service inspections.
The battery circuit would function without interruption
and the operation of monitoring instrumentation would
not be adversely affected. In order to eliminate ex-
cessive drain on the battery, the heat lamp and strip
heater should not operate on the battery circuit. The
battery has the capability of powering the instruments
continuously for a period of approximately 20 hours.
In the event data recording would be acceptable on a
cycled sequence, 2 minutes every 15 minutes, the battery
would have the capability of providing power for a period
of approximately 6 days. When this circuit is operating
from the primary source, the battery charger will re-
charge the battery to its full capacity and shut off
automatically.
When the primary power is restored, the power and control
functions are automatically switched back to this source.
The topography of the Dents Run Watershed is such that
surface mining techniques have often been employed to
mine the coal outcrop at opposing sides of a mountain
as is illustrated in Figure 6. Many of these surface
mining operations have intercepted deep mine workings.
Since the dip of the coal and other substrata is to the
west in this area, water that falls on the unreclaimed
surface mines on the eastern slopes of these hillsides
is generally diverted into the deep mine workings or is
impounded in the abandoned strip pit.
It is theorized that the drainage from several of the
drift mine openings in the watershed originates as
surface water which has been diverted into interconnected
106
-------
abandoned deep mine workings through either unreclaimed
strip pits or surface mines which have employed the
reverse terrace backfill method (see Figures 17 and 18) .
The following discharges are believed to be the result of
such interconnections:
Section G, Strip Area D, Mine Openings 23 through 29
Section G, Strip Area M, Mine Opening 38
Section G, Strip Area Q, Mine Openings 52 and 53
These locations should be established as secondary
monitoring points to observe the effectiveness of
reclamation work on the reduction of surface water
infiltration.
Capital and Operating Costs
As previously mentioned, no acquisition costs should be
involved for the purchase of land, minerals or water
rights. The use of the demonstration area would be by
consent of the individual property owners of the affected
land within the watershed.
A cost estimate has been prepared for the completion of
the reclamation work required in the Dents Run Watershed.
The costs of regrading were based on an estimated average
of $0.35 per cubic yard. Incidental costs such as
dismantling and/or removal of abandoned equipment and
automobiles, compaction of backfill material, treatment
of water impoundments, etc., were also included in the
estimated reclamation costs. The revegetation costs
reflect the costs of soil analyses, limestone treatment,
fertilization, hydroseeding, mulching (as required) and
supplemental treatment of areas where revegetation was
not successful on the first planting. The following
is a breakdown of these costs by priority ranking:
PRIORITY I - INFILTRATION
Stream Channelization
Provisions for stream bed 500' long
x 25' wide
$130,000
107
-------
PRIORITY I (Cont'd)
Section G, Strip Area R 0-6 acres)
Reclamation - contour backfill
128,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 44,800
Compaction backfill
1500 L.F., 2 ft. layers,
10 ft. deep 4,500
Disposal 30 derelict automobiles 1,500
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 100 ft. each 4,500
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 8,000
Subtotal $ 63,300
Section G, Strip Area A (10 acres)
Reclamation - pasture backfill
32,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 11,200
Compaction backfill
1000 L.F., 2 ft. layers,
10 ft. deep 3,000
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 100 ft. each 47500 £
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 5,000
Subtotal $ 23,700
Section C, Strip Area C (2 acres)
Reclamation - pasture backfill
24,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 8,400
Compaction backfill
100 L.F., 2 ft. layers,
10 ft. deep 600
Riprap - outslope drainway
100 ft. 1,500
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre l,QQQ
Subtotal $ 11,500
108
-------
PRIORITY I (Cont'd)
Section G, Strip Area J (9 acres)
Reclamation - contour/pasture
backfill - 60,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 21,000
Compaction backfill
1000 L.F., 2 ft. layers,
10 ft. deep 3,000
Compaction sealing - fracture
zone 2,500
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. each 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 4,500
Subtotal $ 34,000
Strip Areas - Subtotal $132,500
Stream Channel - Subtotal 130,000
PRIORITY I - TOTAL $262,500
PRIORITY II - SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Section G, Strip Area G (6 acres)
Reclamation - contour/pasture
backfill - 56,000 C.Y. <§ $0.35 $ 19,600
Mine bulkhead seals
3 @ $3,000 9,000
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 100 ft. each 4,500
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 3,000
Subtotal $ 36,100
109
-------
PRIORITY II (Cont'd)
N (5 acres)
Reclamation - contour shaping
20,300 C.Y. mix and move
@ $0.35 $ 7,105
Flyash conditioning
6200 T. @ $1.35/T 8,370
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 125 ft. each 5,625
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses, mulch and
asphalt tack -
$500/acre 2,500
Subtotal $ 23,600
Section C, Strip Areas J and H (12 acres)
Reclamation - contour backfill
65,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 22,750
Mine bulkhead seals
3 @ $3,000 9,000
Dismantle and remove
tipple and abandoned mine
buildings 6,000
Treat acid mine water
impoundment - 15,000 gal. 500
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 6/000
Subtotal $ 47,250
Section G, Strip Areas D and E (5 acres)
Reclamation - pasture backfill
40,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 14,000
Flyash conditioning
1500 T @ $1.35/T 2,025
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. each 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 2,500
Subtotal $ 21,525
110
-------
PRIORITY II (Cont'd)
Section G, Strip Area M (4 acres)
Reclamation - contour backfill
13,400 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 4,690
Mine bulkhead seal 3,000
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. each 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 2,000
Subtotal $ 12,690
Section G, Strip Area C (9.5 acres)
Revegetation only
Soil conditioning - limestone
6 $100/acre $ 950
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 100 ft. each 4,500
Revegetation - fertilizer
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 4,750
Subtotal $ 10,200
Section F, Strip Area A (7 acres)
Reclamation - contour backfill
60,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 . $ 21,000
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. each 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 3,500
Subtotal $ 27,500
Section C, Strip Area S (3 acres)
Supplemental revegetation ,,.,,„
Flyash - 1,200 T § $1.35/T $ 1,620
Soil conditioning - limestone
6 $100/acre 30°
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 1'buu
Subtotal $ 3,420
111
-------
PRIORITY II (Con't)
Section G, Strips Areas P and Q (29 acres)
Reclamation - pasture backfill
195,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 68,250
Mine bulkhead seals
3 @ $3,000 9,000
Riprap - outslope drainways
4 @ 100 ft. each 6,000
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 14,500 '
Subtotal $ 97,750
Section G, Strip Area B (3 acres)
Supplemental revegetation only
Flyash conditioning
1200 T @ $1.35 $ 1,620
Riprap - outslope drainways
2 @ 100 ft. each 3,000
Revegetation - fertilizer
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 1,500
Subtotal $ 6,120
Section C, Strip Area B (21 acres)
Reclamation pasture backfill
220,000 C.Y. @ $0.35 $ 77,000
Treat acid mine water
impoundment - 3 million gal. 1,000
Removal of abandoned mine
equipment 750
Riprap - outslope drainways
3 @ 100 ft. each 4,500
Revegetation - fertilizer,
grasses and trees -
$500/acre 10,500
Subtotal $ 93,750
PRIORITY II - TOTAL $379,905
112
-------
Stream Monitor Stations
Installation -
Monitor Station No. 1 - $13,600
No. 2 - 2,070
No. 3 - 2,150
No. 4 - 9,500
No. 6 - 3,450
No. 7 - 8,040
No. 9 - 6,200
Subtotal $45,010
Construction Costs
PRIORITY I - $262,500
PRIORITY II - 379,905
Monitor Stations - 45,010
TOTAL $687,415
Effectiveness of Project
Since the Dents Run Watershed does receive the discharge
from a considerable number of sources of acid mine
water and is a major source of water for public and
industrial use, it would serve as an ideal demonstration
area in which to measure the effects of good infil-
tration control techniques and methods. Unfortunately,
there is very little published data available on the
quality of the various feeder streams from the individual
mine sites. However, based on the representative sampling
performed during this study, it can be seen that the
Dents Run Watershed is a contaminated stream system and
will continue to be so until corrective action is taken.
The implementation of the demonstration project is
expected to show that proper restoration and revegetation
of the various mine sites and waste dumps in the area will
virtually eliminate the high level of acid mine drainage
now present. It will require a period of time (approxi-
mately two years) for significant changes to materialize
since allowance must be made for sufficient growing
seasons to establish good vegetative cover and the sub-
sequent stabilization of the new environmental conditions
113
-------
created. Certainly, the direct contact of air and water
with the mineral rock, refuse and waste materials at
the sites will be greatly reduced, if not eliminated in
most instances; resulting in the inhibition of the standard
chemical reactions which produce acid mine water. The
effectiveness of the work performed at the various sites
will be measured by the placement of monitor_stations
at select points in the watershed. Such monitor-
ing should be established before the site work is per-
formed, allowing the establishment of base data for
the existing conditions, as well as the progressive
changes in readings that will occur as site reclamation
proceeds, vegetative cover is established and the new
environmental equilibrium condition emerges.
The concept of this project, when placed in wider use,
can do much to improve the quality of the waters of
the State of West Virginia. This is important to the
public in that streams can be restored to adequate quality
to encourage the development of recreational activity,
and provide an acceptable water supply for industrial
and public use.
Schedule of Engineering and Construction
The project as originally scheduled established that
the engineering phase would be completed and approved
prior to the initiation of any construction activities.
In order to take advantage of ideal construction weather
during the fall of 1972, it is recommended that the
engineering and construction phases run concurrently.
This would permit the completion of regrading work on
all Priority I areas before the winter season.
A schedule identifying the engineering and construction
time spans has been developed and is illustrated in
Figure 43.
The schedule for the remaining phases of the Grant,
including the reporting schedule, is shown in Figure
44.
114
-------
FIGURE 43 - ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
Monitor Stations
Engineering
Installation
Start-up & Test
Dents Run Water Loss
Investigation
Engineering
Construction
Borehole Interceptions
Investigation
Engineering
Construction
Priority I*
Section G, Strip Area A
Section G, Strip Area J
Section G, Strip Area R
Section C, Strip Areas B&C
Priority II*
Section G, Strip Area G
Section G, Refuse Area N
Section C, Strip Area H&J
Section G, Strip Area Q
Section G, Strip Areas D&E
Section G, Strip Area M
Section G, Strip Area C
Section G, Strip Area P
Section G, Strip Area B
Section C, Strip Areas F&S
Section C, Strip Area L
fi^ntirm F. Strir> Area A
1972
&T|A|M|J|J
A
s
«
0|N
M»
D
1973
rf(F
— —
M|A
M J
j |A
S 0 |N|
—
—
X
X
—
_ —
1
X
X
X
X
X
y
--
—
—
--
—
\
" f*
— "1
X
•$
X
— 1x
11
. 1
X
~i x|
•4 ^
™ 1
JL ,
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-X.
X
1974
D J|F|M
A
M
,
J
Ul
*Engineering =
*Regrading =
*Revegetation = xxxxxx
-------
FIGURE 44
PROJECT SCHEDULE AND MILESTONES
01
Year
Phase/Quarter
I. Peas. Study
II. Engineering
III. Construction
IV. Monitoring
V. Adm. & Rpts.
1971
3
4
1972
1
2
—
3
—
4
1973
1
2
3
4
1974
1
2
3
4
Feasibility Report
Engineering Report
First Year Report
Second Year Report
Final Report
-------
Collecting and Evaluating Data
The data logging instrumentation required to effectively
record the parameters that will document the effective-
ness of the control measures proposed in this study are
discussed in the section "Program Surveillance" and
illustrated in Figure 12. These are:
Stream Monitor Stations 7
Borehole Flow Recorders 5
In order to maintain a continuous flow of information
pertinent to the project, the data handling system as
identified in Figure 45 should be initiated as each
unit is installed.
Implementation and Operating Plan
The West Virginia Department of Natural Resources,
Division of Water Resources, would have full authority
and responsibility for the demonstration program.
This agency would provide for routine servicing for
all recording instruments, maintenance of stream gauging
stations and weir structures, and periodic collection
of water samples from monitor station locations, bore-
holes and selected sample points.
The engineering and construction schedule that should
be implemented during Phase II and Phase III of this
project is illustrated in Figure 43. The proposed
project schedule and milestones are shown in Figure 44.
The construction of the monitor stations would extend
over a period of approximately two months, preferably
during July and August when low water conditions
prevail. The reclamation work would require a period of
approximately one year.
s
Construction bids should be obtained, evaluated and
contracts awarded during Phase III. Bids would be
based on standard uniform specifications. Contracts
should be awarded to the lowest responsible bidder,
taking into consideration the qualifications of the
bidder, conformity of the proposal with the specifications,
approval by the Federal government, performance schedule
and budget limitations. Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS
Corporation should provide construction supervision
assistance to the Division of Water Resources.
117
-------
FIGURE 45
DATA HANDLING - TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TASK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Collect all Strip Charts
Read Strip Charts & Record on
Tabular Format
Transmit Charts to Charleston
Office
Collect Stream Samples
Collect Water Samples
Transmit Samples for Analyses
Water Analyses
Transmit Analyses Report to
Charleston Office
Prepare Graphical Presentation
& Computer Input Forms
Prepare Monthly Report & Transmit
Data to EPA, Cincinnati
RESPONSIBILITY
WR-M
X
X
X
X
X -
WR-C
X
X
X
CWR
•• "
X
X
X
X
FREQUENCY
AS REQ'D
X
X
X
X
WEEK
X
X
X
X
MONTH
-
X
X
CO
WR-M = Water Resources Division, Morgantown
WR-C = Water Resources Division, Charleston
CWR = Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
The proposed reports as indicated in Figure 43 would be
prepared by Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
personnel in cooperation with the Division of Water
Resources.
A detailed listing of tasks and responsibilities for the
monitoring phase is illustrated in Figure 46.
Construction and operation of the acid mine water
neutralization plants for the borehole discharges would
be the responsibility of the Christopher Coal Division-
Consolidation Coal Company. Christopher Coal has
submitted a schedule for completion of the required
treatment plants; this construction will run concurrently
with the reclamation work being done. The communities
of Westover, Granville, and Laurel Point, as well as the
individual residents of the watershed, should be required
to abate the discharge of untreated sewage into Dents Run,
119
-------
FIGURE 46
MONITOR STATIONS
TASKS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
TASK
1.
2.
3.
4.
1 5.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
Operator Instruction
Unit Start-up
Check & Inspect all Stations
Check & Inspect all Stations
Check & Inspect Rain Gauge
RESPONSIBILITY
WR-M
X
X.
.WR-CJCWR
X
X
X
X
X
FREQUENCY
AS REQ'D
X
X
X
DAY
WEEK TMONTH
X
X
X
to
o
WR-C
CWR
= Water Resources Division, Morgantown
= Water Resources Division, Charleston
= Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
-------
SECTION VII
ACKNOWLEDGMENT S
The advice and guidance of Mr. E. N. Henry, Chief,
Division of Water Resources; Mr. J. Hall, Assistant
Chief, Division of Water Resources; Mr. D. E. Caldwell,
Head, Mine Drainage Section; Mr. B. C. Greene, Chief,
Division of Reclamation; and Mr. J. D. Bracke.nrich,
Chief Engineer of the West Virginia Department of
Natural Resources is sincerely appreciated.
Mr. W. A. Light, Environmental Quality Control Manager,
and Mr. V. H. Ream, Manager of Water Treatment, Christo-
pher Coal Division of Consolidation Coal Company, supplied
mining maps, borehole pumping data, core boring logs
and gave technical support during the investigative
portion of this study.
The support of the project by the Office of Research &
Monitoring of the Environmental Protection Agency and the
help provided by Mr. Ronald D. Hill, Mr. Elmore C. Grim;,
Mr. Robert B. Scott, the Project Officer, and Mr. Ernst-;P.
Hall, Chief of the Pollution Control Analysis Branch, A:
is acknowledged with sincere thanks. ;;:,,.
The primary investigators of this study were Mr. Frank J.
Zaval, Project Manager, Mr. John D. Robins, Project '
Engineer, and Mr. James 0. McFarland, Engineering Assis-
tant, of the Cyrus Wm. Rice Division"- NUS Corporation,.,:
121
-------
SECTION VIII
REFERENCES
Summary Report - Monongahela River Mine Drainage Remedial
Project, Environmental Protection Agency/ nivls-jnrj rif "
Field Investigation, Cincinnati Center, 1971.
Reclamation Handbook, Department of Natural Resources,
West Virginia Reclamation Commission, 1969.
Engineering Economic Study of Mine Drainage Control
Techniques, "Appendix B to Acid Mine Drainage in
Appalachia, a Report by the Appalachian Regional
Commission", Cyrus Wm. Rice & Company, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, 1969.
1970 Census of Population and Housing, General Demo-
graphic Trends for Metropolitan Areas, 1960 to 1970,
West Virginia, PHC (2) - 50, a United States Department
of Commerce Publication, July, 1971.
1960 Census of Population, Volume I, Characteristics of
the Population, Part 50, West Virginia, U. S. Department
of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U. S. Government
Printing Office, April, 1963.
1970 Census of Population, Number of Inhabitants, West
Virginia, Final Report, PC (1)- A50, West Virginia,
U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
U. S. Government Printing Office, May, 1971.
Minerals Yearbook 1969, Volume III, Area Reports, Domestic,
The Bureau of Mines, U. S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D. C., 1971.
Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1970, 91st
Annual Edition, Prepared under the direction of William
Lerner, Chief, General Reports Division, U. S. Department
of Commerce, July, 1970.
1970 Census of Population, General Population Characteris-
tics, West Virginia. Final Report, PC (1) - B50, West
Virginia, U. S. Department of commerce, Bureau of the
Census, U. S. Government Printing Office, August, 1971.
123
-------
SECTION IX
GLOSSARY OF TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
1. Auger Mining: mining of coal from an exposed vertical
coalface by means of a mechanically-driven boring
machine which employs an auger to cut and remove the
coal.
2. Backfill: to place material back into an excavation
and return the area to a predetermined slope.
3. Bench: the leveled surface of ah excavated area
measured horizontally at any point in the overburden
or spoil between the base of the high wall and the
outer point of original fill bench, or a working
base extending from the base of a high wall on which
excavating equipment can set, move and operate.
4. Bench Width: the width of the bench as measured
horizontally from the base of the highwall to the
outer point of the original fill bench.
5. Contour Surface Mining: the removal of overburden
and the mining of mineral that normally approaches
the surface at approximately the same elevation, a
contour bench resulting.
6. Deep or Drift Mining: removal of the mineral being
mined without the disturbance of the surface as
distinguished from surface mining.
7. Diversion Ditch: a machine-made waterway used for
collecting ground water or a ditch designed to change
the actual or normal course of ground and/or surface
water.
8. Georgia V-Ditch: a ditch for the collection of ground
and surface water, constructed on the solid bench
area, with the opposing slopes being constructed in
such a manner so as to permit the total area to be
transversed by farm equipment.
125
-------
9. Highwall: the vertical or near-vertical wall consis-
ting of the exposed overlying strata after excavating
operation.
10. Outer slope: the disturbed area extending from the
outer point of the bench to the extreme lower limit
of the disturbed land.
11. Reclamation: the process of converting disturbed
land to a stable form for productive use.
12. Regrade or Grade: to change the contour of any
surface by the use of leveling or grading equipment.
13. Spoil: all overburden material removed or displaced
by excavating equipment, blasting or other means.
14. Stabilize: to settle, or fix in place by mechanical
or vegetative means, including the planting of
trees, grasses, vines, shrubs or legumes.
15. Seepage water: any water entering the ground from
the surface through capillary action, cracks,
faults, or any other natural mode of entry and
finding its way to the surface again.
16. Storm water: any water flowing over or through the
surface of the ground caused by precipitation;
generally surface runoff.
17. Surface water: water, from whatever source, which
is flowing on the surface of the ground.
126
-------
SECTION X
APPENDICES
-------
DRAWINGS
Drawing
No.
6219-2A1
6219-2A2
6219-2A3
6219-2A4
6219-2A5
6219-2A6
6219-2A7
6219-2A8
6219-2A9
6219-2A10
6219-2A11
6219-2A12
6219-2A13
6219-2A14
6219-2A15
6219-2A16
6219-2A17
6219-2A18
6219-2A19
6219-2A20
6219-2A21
6219-2A22
6219-2A23
C -
Title
Watershed Plot Plan
Monitor Station - General Arrangement
Monitor Station Enclosure Details
Dents Run Cross Section
Hess Cross Section
Enlarged Cross Section
Level Recorder Enclosure Details
Event Recorder - Plans & Details
Six Right & Valotto
Event Recorder - Plans & Details
Snider & Hess
Event Recorder - Plan & Detail
Loar
Survey Plan - Strip Area R -
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section C
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section C
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section F
Survey Plan
Section C
Survey Plan
Section C
Strip Area A -
Strip Areas B &
Strip Area J -
Strip Area G -
Strip Area N -
Strip Areas J & H -
Strip Area D -
Strip Area M -
Strip Area C -
Strip Area A -
Strip Areas F & S -
Strip Area L -
128
-------
DRAWINGS (Cont'd)
Drawing
No.
6219-2A24
6219-2A25
6219-2A26
6219-2A27
6219-2A28
6219-2A29
6219-2A30
6219-2A31
6219-3A1
6219-3A2
6219-3A3
6219-3A4
6219-3A5
6219-3A6
6219-3A7
6219-3A8
6219-3A9
6219-3A10
6219-6A1
Strip Area F -
Strip Area H -
Strip Area L -
Title
Survey Plan - Strip Area P -
Section G
Survey Plan - Strip Area Q -
Section G
Survey Plan - Strip Area B -
Section G
Survey Plan - Strip Area B -
Section F
Survey Plan - Strip Area C -
Section F
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Survey Plan
Section G
Monitor Station 1 - Weir Arrangement
Monitor Station 2 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 3 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 4 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 5 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 6 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 7 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 8
and Details
Monitor Station 9 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station 10 - Weir Arrangement
and Details
Monitor Station Schematic and
Interconnection
Weir Arrangement
129
-------
REGRADED BENCH
FUTURE ACCESS
ROADWAY
TYPICAL DIVERSION DITCH
FIGURE 47
-------
U)
6'-0
• MIN. lO'-O
•MAX. 25'-0
6'-0
OVERBURDEN
X
QL
UJ
CD
CD
x
CO
_J
CD
d
z
o
o
oo
— BITUMASTIC
COATING
BACKFILL
CREOSOTE ALL
TIMBER—'
THIS DIMENSION
DETERMINED BY
CONDITION OF
OVERBURDEN
6"x6"HEADER (TIMBER)
BACKFILL
EXAGGERATED
SLOPE
STONE RIPRAP-
—
1
1
QC-
•;,,
14
V. ,{»'.• , , i
.* A, , • ? „ »\
*
L- »•'/'-''"*•*
'-.^•A
•-,' -.•••I
s ; \
• '.... r . r ^ .
:. • !j >.•,-,-/--• • r. i-
,-'• • -'!•'•• v • -- •• C, ,- '
>: .«.• . ^ : ,^;- . . .-sV*'/-—. ->.
f* " r% i A it
i r* n
-. - ' - • '< •- •:^iA,:-Vf-/;'^^H
• - • - :- , '- / ^7,- Vr t-- r^KU
V.....-V-- '-', . \ • •-, '. -.- -.-. '* - -\( ' -' ~YPa
\vc
^
FOOTER
UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE
DRAINWAY
BULKHEAD SEAL WITH RELIEF DRAIN
FIGURE 48
-------
TABLE 5
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 1 (l)
to
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Ca/lcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (CD
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/16/71 8/31/71 9/20/71 10/19/7110/21/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
620 2020 5334 980 - 1960 39400 16200
- - 6.9 -
820
1280
4190
2.8
320
72
470
200
1995
3100
280
16.8
4592
20
4572
0.8
108
6.8
200
640
3450
3.2
25
140
281
83
1043
1480
76
11.5
3480
128
3352
3.0
37
7.7
33
119
945
3.3
-
-
94
28
-
570
95
5.1
1075
141
934
2.0
14
1.9
617
816
2770
2.4
-
-
231
86
931
1893
134
20
2985
102
2883
3.0
58
4.9
550
1127
3550
2.5
-
-
265
100
1073
2380
184
23.5
3663
83
3580
2.2
88.9
5.8
194
694
2540
2.9
-
-
346
88
1226
1570
102
12.3
2482
115
2367
3.0
56.0
4.4
-
30
650
5.5
-
-
66
18
238
293
106
10.6
2460
1915
545
10.0
24.0
1.8
40
139
1300
3.5
—
-
100
36
398
611
48
6.8
1093
153
940
2.4
15.2
1.91
694
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(y Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
U)
CO
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electronictrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
TABLE 6
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 2 ©
8/31/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
200 450 187 84 4480 1188
- - 255
560
1080
4350
3.0
75
120
357
151
1512
2450
280
1.3
4878
192
4686
4.8
48
10.5
394
780
3730
2.9
-
—
400
142
—
2500
230
105
4303
248
4055
6.0
53
8.9
942
1327
4440
2.2
-
—
404
208
1863
3700
316
3.02
5660
187
5473
7.5
61.7
9.9
571
1142
4100
2.7
-
-
463
174
1871
3124
243
102
4774
184
4590
8.0
64
9.1
-
106
1520
6.7
-
—
590
62
1729
1034
420
1.41
43536
41780
1756
90
320
19
221
407
2370
2.8
-
—
300
80
1078
1314
130
52.2
2230
277
1953
8.2
35
3.99
1142
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 7
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 3 (1)
(jO
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/31/71
100
1640
3100
4700
3.1
275
70
3.98
109
1442
4370
680
26.3
7323
9
73
<0. 1
183
10.7
9/20/71
50
658
2080
3830
2.8
-
-
380
96
-
3320
500
20.4
5907
11
5896
<0. 1
180
9.6
10/19/71
117
1900
3205
4300
2.1
—
-
438
146
1694
4461
580
7.55
7543
138
7405
2.0
217
10.6
11/1
74
1734
3010
4140
2.6
-
-
428
114
1537
3978
610
20.6
6488
58
6430
<0. 1
200
11.2
12/7/71 1/14/72
420 297
2930
458
624
2000
2.6
232
48
777
1214
106
7.42
2054
150
1904
3
47
4.1
644
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
© Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
1010
1384
3350
2.5
290
65
992
2162
375
27.0
3675
60
3615
0.3
111
6.43
-------
u>
Ul
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaCOo)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
TABLE 8
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 4 (T)
8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71
3110 5400 1120 1620 26930
847
0.5
24
1/14/72
21663
120
420
3600
3.2
5
120
244
91
983
1750
84
4.2
3435
150
3285
4.2
15.5
4.1
116
322
1700
3.1
-
-
112
44
-
910
62
2.4
1524
123
1401
3.0
36
2.3
558
1118
3100
2.6
-
-
229
104
999
2264
176
4.55
3573
65
3508
1.5
102
4.5
469
918
2790
2.8
-
-
183
72
753
1686
102
8.5
2638
83
2555
2.5
63
4.0
-
31.0
656
4.5
-
-
104
21
346
287
82
6.14
1021
517
504
6
7.7
1.1
58
145
1350
3.4
-
-
102
32
386
669
53
7.0
1135
126
1009
1.4
16
1.88
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
u>
en
TABLE 9
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 5(1)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/30/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
4040 1337 2673 28160 16159
7.4
220
620
3250
3.2
15
540
227
85
916
1990
124
9.5
3649
156
3493
6.3
40
4.0
380
812
2600
2.7
-
—
171
69
710
1676
124
3.46
2622
100
2522
5.5
76
2.8
337
826
2610
2.9
-
-
221
76
865
1513
78
11.2
2400
116
2284
4.5
54
3.3
-
33
625
5.8
-
—
56
18
214
169
100
7.82
2462
1970
492
11.0
19
1.2
188
382
1980
2.8
-
—
130
10
366
895
93
4.9
1482
128
1354
5.0
22
3.9
765
10
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
@ Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 10
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 6(1
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (304)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/20/71 8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/7111/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
140 185 844 45 297 6536 2228
— — — — "~ _L 5 • y ""
980
1540
8950
2.9
190
145
304
155
1396
3950
680
39.8
6727
65
6662
3.0
62
5.7
880
1520
5800
3.0
140
70
351
177
1603
4870
340
1.9
6525
54
6471
1.3
74
5.6
121
364
2650
3.0
-
-
184
72
-
1590
104
11.7
2705
129
2576
6.0
27
3.4
3
34
1800
4.4
—
—
139
47.9
544
1033
7.3
1.02
1617
21
1596
0.45
3
1.7
1050
1693
4590
2.5
~~
—
389
156.0
1613
3671
380
59.4
5729
149
5580
2.5
95
5.5
—
34.8
490
6.1
_
—
190
9.2
513
219
136
5.54
6684
6244
440
12.0
59
2.0
80
183
1500
3.2
—
—
108
42
442
762
66
15.6
1327
192
1135
11.0
18
1.1
1612
8.0
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
Refer to Figure 12 for- location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 11
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 7 (T)
to
00
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (304)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/20/71 8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
5300 4320 1569 1688 26890 13469
22.4
8
2030
3140
8150
2.8
330
110
183
167
1142
4500
520
28.8
7098
33
7065
0.6
180
7.6
100
480
3600
3.1
12
520
247
96
1011
2210
112
10.6
3410
200
3210
8.5
29
3.6
196
480
1870
3.0
-
-
118
46
-
1020
120
16.9
1945
179
1766
6.0
48
1.8
850
1658
3400
2.5
-
-
252
104
1056
2802
290
9.2
4419
156
4263
4.0
122
4.6
785
1377
3050
2.5
-
-
205
83
853
2177
216
15.9
3449
188
3261
7
98.0
5.0
—
19
570
6.9
-
-
52
14
187
217
44
4.36
888
371
517
4
3.1
0.63
-
47
1160
4.8
-
—
90
32
356
557
35
6.6
983
111
872
1.1
9.0
1.0
1377
12
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(I) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
u>
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
TABLE 12
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 8 (l)
8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
2660 990 93 79 11300 4019
0 - -
52 106 163.5 158 39.0 79
12.0
3950
6.2
140
580
241
88
963
1620
60.0
9.6
2904
122
2782
0.7
<0.1
3.8
3.2
810
7.8
-
-
62
22
—
287
0.50
0.17
581
4
577
<0.1
<0.1
0.72
10.0
1320
8.2
-
-
124
38
466
593
0.29
0.233
1128
1
1127
<0.1
<0.1
0.21
8.0
1090
7.8
-
-
106
31
392
414
0.23
0.041
813
1
812
<0.1
<0.1
0.28
20.0
845
6.6
-
-
76
22
280
350
160
9.5
1595
898
697
7
4.5
2.5
15
1740
7.0
—
—
132
48
527
810
36
10.0
1419
61
1358
0.2
0.15
1.58
12
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted,
Q) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 13
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 9 (l)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCOo)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/30/71
450
980
2280
4450
2.9
220
170
193
129
1011
3410
440
1.3
5647
146
5501
5.7
141
6.2
9/20
3362
206
458
1800
3.0
-
-
98
38
-
936
90
15.2
1563
169
1394
6.0
40
1.6
10/19/71
1634
813
1579
3250
2.5
230
97
973
2639
284
0.847
4093
128
3965
4.0
122
4.4
11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
713 26890 8406
275
581
2110
2.6
205
59
755
1156
66
5.5
1855
117
1738
5.0
46
3.2
571
18.6
19.5
320
6.2
36
8.4
124
117
40
2.92
742
342
400
6
3.1
0.40
16
56
156
955
3.4
60
24
248
414
46
6.3
757
107
650
2.7
18.0
0.69
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 14
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 10 (l>
Date
Flow (gpra)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (03003)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate,(S04)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (A3.)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (CD
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/19/71 8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/7/71 1/14/72
5 30 2925 450 392 21364 3375
190
162
99
165
164
49
110
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
98
10.0
560
7.9
25
<5
51
13
181
140
0.39
0.184
349
10
339
<0.1
0.18
0.06
4.0
500
8.0
2
<5
53
13
186
110
0.21
0.073
372
5
367
<0.1
<0.1
0.05
5.6
440
7.6
-
—
44
12
—
78
0.23
0.18
340
13
327
0.1
-
<0.1
6.0
595
7.9
-
-
61
17
223
107
0.16
0.093
333
4
329
0.1
0.3
0.02
4.0
535
8.0
-
-
80
21.0
286
99
0.10
0.056
329
2
327
0.1
0.1
0.04
8.9
240
7.0
-
-
56
8.8
176
50
3.0
0.594
324
119
205
0. 6
1.2
0.26
2.0
389
7.9
-
—
48
16
186
76.7
0.15
0.041
220
<1.0
220
<0.1
0.17
0.02
-------
TABLE 15
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 11 (T)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCOs)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SOA)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids Unl/l)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/16/71 8/31/71 9/21/71
100 60 35
10/19/71 11/15/71 12/15/71 1/14/72
56 56 -
—
-
640
990
7780
2.8
XLOOO
560
-
-
2912
4280
290
68.3
5492
136
5356
12.0
60.0
8.4
-
-
660
1880
4750
3.4
110
100
494
192
2022
3720
300
38.6
5224
112
5112
4.0
49.0
7.7
-
-
500
845
4350
2.9
-
-
560
156
-
2900
250
25.3
5145
263
4882
5.0
58.0
7.8
-
—
474
1071
4560
2.6
-
-
491
184
1982
3299
244
3.32
5119
94
5025
1.1
55.5
8.4
-
—
765
1142
4350
2.5
—
—
515
179
2022
3259
286
16.5
593
90
503
1.6
47
8.4
0
0
408
702
3800
2.8
-
-
520
216
2185
3100
240
61.6
5050
377
4673
10.0
52
7.35
-
-
372
619
4430
2.8
-
-
530
180
2063
2800
245
76.0
4948
553
4395
11.5
40
8.06
1142
784
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 16
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 12 ©
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO*)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/16/71
-
200
—
1830
3240
9350
2.7
392
60
—
560
2220
5240
950
493
8164
24
8140
0.1
260
9.0
8/31/71
90
-
-
2120
3760
5070
2.8
460
80
242
131
1142
4560
800
2.4
8464
7
8457
<0.1
244
10.8
9/20/71
283
-
-
1400
2880
4520
2.4
-
-
420
130
-
4560
980
362
8093
15
8078
<0.1
250
9.4
10/19/71
252
-
-
2305
3610
4590
2.5
-
-
436
151
1709
4996
760
5.05
8227
151
8076
1.5
260
10.1
11/15/71
281
—
-
2275
3662
4340
2.4
-
-
460
142
1732
4625
640
8.1
7529
36
7493
0.1
208
10.9
12/15/71
-
0
0
1484
2204
3750
2.6
-
_
377
136
1500
3690
620
157
5403
26
5377
<0.011
189
8.2
1/14/72
-
—
-
2196
3651
4890
2.5
-
-
400
110
1451
4364
924
279
7872
38
7834
0.1
236
10.0
3448
2320
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(T) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 17
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 13
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) iranhos .
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/16/71
264
-
-
480
1530
8640
2.9
280
240
690
310
2996
7610
505
311
7720
16
7704
6.0
78
7.4
—
-
8/30/71
335
-
—
1060
1880
6000
3.1
240
30
238
218
1489
4800
500
0.9
7886
75
7811
2.1
93
6.3
—
-
9/20
169
-
-
932
1570
5500
2.9
-
-
460
192
-
4510
500
240
8027
122
7905
2.0
82
5.6
—
-
9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/15/71 1/14/72
187
1408
2142
5900
2.5
440
202
1928
5057
500
4.16
7825
196
7629
5.0
114
5.8
187
1622
2356
5560
2.4
499
200
2068
5058
500
194
7862
196
7666
0.7
117
6.6
2356
0
0
1810
2630
5400
2.6
445
236
2080
4830
590
170
7574
40
7534
0.4
141
5.8
2040
1325
2103
4910
2.5
470
220
2077
4367
650
123
7774
347
7427
4.2
137
6.74
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
Ul
TABLE 18
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES^
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 14 (l,
Date
F low (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCOO
M.O. Alkalinity
Free Acidity (CaCOo)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/30/71
2800
48
12/7/71 1/14/72
58
10
106
52
3100
5.8
110
280
247
91
991
2020
94
86
2951
72
2879
0.2
<0. 1
3.9
190
300
5.6
-
-
288
88
931
1765
100
98
3109
112
2997
0.2
0.13
4.0
177
2920
6.1
—
—
230
85
924
1538
115
95.8
2663
52
2611
<0 . 1
0.15
3.82
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted
(D Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 19 -
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 15 (T)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
8/16/71 8/30/71
840
9/20/71 10/19/71 11/15/71 12/15/71 1/14/72
672
-
-
2500
4230
11430
2.4
400
110
-
-
2962
5480
900
372
10708
4
10704
0.1
170
9.6
-
-
2380
4420
6250
2.8
510
90
150
205
1215
4880
600
3.0
11167
19
11148
<0 . 1
292
10.7
-
-
1140
3850
6600
2.6
-
-
500
220
-
6090
860
306
10792
26
10766
<0. 1
350
10.0
-
-
2940
4428
5400
2.4
-
-
468
241
2158
6584
720
10.2
10621
<1
10620
<0. 1
328
10.4
-
-
2468
4900
6660
2.4
-
-
481
241
2191
6831
740
308
10657
6.0
10651
0.05
302
11.7
0
0
2710
4600
5800
2.4
-
-
464
270
2267
6390
980
396
10490
18.0
10472
<0. 1
357
11.0
-
-
2570
4505
7070
2.3
-
—
460
230
2093
5698
930
367
10102
58
10044
<0. 1
319
11.6
4900
2520
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 20
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 16 (l)
Date 8/16/71 8/30/71 9/20/71 10/19/71 11/16/71
Flow (gpm) 44 50 50 35 30
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3) -
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) _ _ _ _
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (804)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl) _ _ _ _
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03) - - - - 4100
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
2810
4260
10540
2.7
920
330
620
285
2719
7360
1000
285
9762
52
9710
2.0
304
8.0
2000
3940
5400
3.0
440
110
-
-
-
5550
920
156
9566
109
9457
1.5
280
7.9
850
3590
4900
2.7
-
-
460
192
-
5270
920
149
9554
35
9519
<0.1
290
6.8
2192
3840
4720
2.5
-
-
460
218
2044
5556
780
9.23
9433
199
9234
2.0
300
7.5
2330
4000
4890
2.6
-
—
-
-
-
5647
760
80.7
9193
48
9145
0.1
294
8.1
-------
TABLE 21
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 17 (l)
00
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 5
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 340
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 0
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 1175
pH (electrometrically) 8.2
Color (APHA) 15
Turbidity (JTU) 5
Calcium (Ca) 29
Magnesium (Mg) 16
Hardness (CaCO3) 138
Sulfate (S04) 365
Total Iron (Fe) 0.29
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.092
Total Solids 743
Suspended Solids 4
Dissolved Solids 739
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0.1
Manganese (Mn) <0.02
Chloride (CD
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
~i
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
TABLE 22
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 18 (l)
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 10
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03) 930
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 1700
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 7150
pH (electrometrically) 2.9
Color (APHA) 200
Turbidity (JTU) 140
Calcium (Ca) 370
Magnesium (Mg) 114
Hardness (CaCO3) 1392
Sulfate (S04) 3750
Total Iron (Fe) 364
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 11.9
Total Solids 5086
Suspended Solids 50
Dissolved Solids 5036
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 2.0
Aluminum (Al) 106
Manganese (Mn) 13.2
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
© Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
-------
VO
TABLE 23
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 19 (l)
Date 8/20/71 9/21/71
Flow (gpm) 25 37
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 900 1140
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 4090 6940
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 16500 9300
pH (electroroetrically) 2.9 3.0
Color (APHA) 380
Turbidity (JTU) 270
Calcium (Ca) 145 380
Magnesium (Mg) 664 680
Hardness (CaCO3) 3085
Sulfate (SO4) 10054 9560
Total Iron (Fe) 2240 2940
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 1910 2150
Total Solids 16247 19661
Suspended Solids 129 438
Dissolved Solids 16118 19223
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 9.0 0.1
Aluminum (Al) 50 220
Manganese (Mn) 66.8 70.0
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(D Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
TABLE 24
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 20 (T)
Date 8/20/71
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 160
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 200
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 1250
pH (electrometrically) 3.3
Color (APHA) 10
Turbidity (JTU) 5
Calcium (Ca) 84
Magnesium (Mg) 41
Hardness (CaCO3) 378
Sulfate (S04) 541
Total Iron (Fe) 5.0
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.804
Total Solids 994
Suspended Solids 2
Dissolved Solids 992
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 13.4
Manganese (Mn) 9.4
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(D Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
-------
TABLE 25
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 21
TABLE 26
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 22 C
Ui
O
Date 7/27/71
Flow (gpm) -
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 412
Total Acidity (CaCOa) 800
Conductivity (25°C) iranhos. 2950
pH (electrometrically) 2.7
Color (APHA) 70
Turbidity (JTU) 20
Calcium (Ca) 248
Magnesium (Mg) 87
Hardness (CaCO3) 970
Sulfate (SO.) 2250
Total Iron (Fe) 125
Ferrous Iron' (Fe)
Total Solids 3596
Suspended Solids 64
Dissolved Solids 3532
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.5
Aluminum (Al) 65
Manganese (Mn) 5.9
Chloride (Cl) 7.86
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Sodium 180
Potassium 5.5
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos,
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaC03)
Sulfate (SO4)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/16/71
3-5
40
640
7310
4.8
380
245
675
280
2836
3550
328
301
4722
110
4612
3.0
6.4
5.8
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
@ Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
@ Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
-------
TABLE 27
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 23 (l)
TABLE 28
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 24 (T)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (GaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO,)
Total Acidity (€3083)
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO/)
Total Iron (Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
8/20/71
0.5
2130
2760
6900
2.6
400
80
128
172
1025
4250
705
73.2
6634
21
6613
<0.1
108
20.4
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
Date 8/20/71 9/20/71
Flow (gpm) 1-2 10
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO-O
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 580 508
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 1150 1200
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 3800 2820
pH (electrometrically) 3.0 2.8
Color (APHA) 50
Turbidity (JTU) 10
Calcium (Ca) 297 300
Magnesium (Mg) 45 62
Hardness (CaCO3) 927
Sulfate (SO4) 1870 1890
Total Iron (Fe) 81 90
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 30.1 2.0
Total Solids 3251 3242
Suspended Solids 2.0 <1.0
Dissolved Solids 3249 3241
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1 <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 84 120
Manganese (Mn) 25.6 20.0
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
-------
TABLE 29
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 25 (l)
TABLE 30
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 26 (T)
Date 8/20/71 9/20/71
Flow (gpm) 1-2 135
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) - 106
Free Acidity (CaCO3) -
Total Acidity (CaCO3) - 5.2
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 505 445
pH (electrometrically) 7.2 7.8
Color (APHA) 20
Turbidity (JTU) 10
Calcium (Ca) 68 56
Magnesium (Mg) 14 13
Hardness (CaC03) 227
Sulfate (S04) 96 89
Total Iron (Fe) 0.23 6.5
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.067 0.47
Total Solids 341 631
Suspended Solids 9 304
Dissolved Solids 332 327
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1 0.5
Aluminum (Al) <0.1 6.2
Manganese (Mn) 0.57 1.3
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
Date 7/27/71
Flow (gpm) -
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 1350
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 2040
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 4445
pH (electrometrically) 2.4
Color (APHA) >70
Turbidity (JTU) 54
Calcium (Ca) 490
Magnesium (Mg) 46
Hardness (CaCOo) 1410
Sulfate (S04) 4486
Total Iron (Fe) 780
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids 6832
Suspended Solids 140
Dissolved Solids 6692
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 4.0
Aluminum (Al) 222
Manganese (Mn) 7.5-
Chloride (Cl) <0.18
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of
sample point.
-------
TABLE 31
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 27 (l)
TABLE 32
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 28 (
U)
Date
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
•Tree Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03)
Conductivity (25°C) nunhos.
pH (electrometrically)
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca)
Magnesium (Mg)
Hardness (CaCO3)
Sulfate (SO.)
Total iron {Fe)
Ferrous Iron (Fe)
Total Solids
Suspended Solids
Dissolved Solids
Settleable Solids (ml/1)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity
7/27/71 8/30/71
1700
2340
4325
2.4
>70
64
440
37
1250
4152
670
7938
84
7854
3.0
185
7.1
<0.18
1300
2760
5100
2.5
260
60
210
152
1148
4870
460
1.9
6729
64
6665
2.1
192
6.0
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 3-5
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO-,)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 120
Free Acidity (CaCOs)
Total Acidity (CaC03) 20
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 580
pH (electrometrically) 7.9
Color (APHA) 10
Turbidity (JTU) 5
Calcium (Ca) 75
Magnesium (Mg) 21
Hardness (CaCO3) 274
Sulfate (S04) 220
Total Iron (Fe) 0.25
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.122
Total Solids 395
Suspended Solids 3
Dissolved Solids 392
Settleable Solid's (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.16
Manganese (Mn) 0.07
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
J) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 3 3
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 29 (T)
TABLE 34
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 30 C
Ul
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 1-2
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO,,)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 160
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3> 15
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 510
pH (electrometrically) 7.9
Color (APHA) 5
Turbidity (JTU) 11
Calcium (Ca) 55
Magnesium (Mg) 16
Hardness (CaCO3) 203
Sulfate (S04) 130
Total Iron (Fe) 0.28
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.125
Total Solids 307
Suspended Solids 2
Dissolved Solids 305
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.12
Manganese (Mn) 0.10
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 0.5
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M-.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 60
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 35
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 480
pH (electrometrically) 6.8
Color (APHA) 10
Turbidity (JTU) 10
Calcium (Ca) 55
Magnesium (Mg) 18
Hardness (CaCO3) 211
Sulfate (SO4) 220
Total Iron (Fe) 2.2
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.916
Total Solids 352
Suspended Solids 9
Dissolved Solids 343
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.96
Manganese (Mn) 0.31
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reporte.d in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(D Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample-point.
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
@ Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 35
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 31 (
TABLE 36
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 33 (
UI
Date 8/19/71
Flow (gpm) 2
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 150
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
•Total Acidity (CaCO3) 25
Conductivity (25°C) nunhos. 480
pH (electrometrically) 7.3
Color (APHA) o
Turbidity (JTU) 5
Calcium (Ca) 55
Magnesium (Mg) 15
Hardness (CaCO3) 203
Sulfate (SO4) 125
Total Iron (Fe) 0.21
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.053
Total Solids _ 321
Suspended Solids * 13
Dissolved Solids 308
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0.1
Manganese (Mn) <0.02
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppra unless
otherwise noted.
(D Refer to Figure 12 for location
of 'sample point.
Date 8/31/71
Flow (gpm) 2
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaCO3) 1020
Total Acidity (CaC03) 1800
Conductivity (25°C) nmhos. 3400
pH (electrometrically) 3.3
Color (APHA) 250
Turbidity (JTU) 40
Calcium (Ca) 202
Magnesium (Mg) 114
Hardness (CaCO3) 972
Sulfate (SO/) 3400
Total Iron (Fe) 460
Ferrous Iron {Fe) 95
Total Solids 4256
Suspended Solids 12
Dissolved Solids 4244
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1
Aluminum (Al) 51
Manganese (Mn) 15.4
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 37
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 34 ©
TABLE 38
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 36 (l)
Cn
Date 9/20/71
Flow (gpm) 140
Pht. Alkalinity (CaC03)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 138
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCOo) 6.4
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 678
pH (electrometrically) 7.9
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 60
Magnesium (Mg) 18
Hardness (CaC03) 224
Sulfate (S04) 193
Total Iron (Fe) 0.14
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.045
Total Solids 507
Suspended Solids 11
Dissolved Solids 496
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0.1
Manganese (Mn) 0.24
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
Date 9/20/71
Flow (gpm) 1
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO,)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3> 43.6
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaC03) 4.8
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 405
pH (electrometrically) 7.6
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 36
Magnesium (Mg) 13
Hardness (CaCO3) 143
Sulfate (S04) 124
Total Iron (Fe) 0.22
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.11
Total Solids 274
Suspended Solids 3
Dissolved Solids 271
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0.1
Manganese (Mn) 0.19
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 39
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 37 (T)
TABLE 40
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 38(T)
Ul
-J
Date 9/20/71 12/8/71
Flow (gpm) 23
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 28.4 48.0
Free Acidity (CaCOo)
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 316 17
Conductivity (25°C) iranhos. 1450 704
pH (electrometrically) 3.6 6.6
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 170 90
Magnesium (Mg) 50 30
Hardness (CaCO3) 630 348
Sulfate (SO4) 797 298
Total Iron (Fe) 9.7 10.0
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 5.1 0.239
Total Solids 1335 704
Suspended Solids 24 66
Dissolved Solids 1311 638
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1 0.1
Aluminum (Al) 18.0 4.5
Manganese (Mn) 4.5 1.4
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3) - 24
Date 11/15/71
Flow (gpm) <0.5
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 204
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 4
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 750
pH (electrometrically) 8.0
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 118
Magnesium (Mg) 27
Hardness (CaC03) 406
Sulfate (504) 150
Total Iron (Fe) 1.8
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.20
Total Solids 461
Suspended Solids 8
Dissolved Solids 453
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.1
Aluminum (Al) <0.1
Manganese (Mn) 0.60
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3) 0
Test results reported in ppm unless otherwise noted.
(2) Refer to Figure 12 for location of sample point.
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 41
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 39(I)
TABLE 42
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 40(T)
(Jl
00
Date 10/21/71
Flow (gpra)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
Free Acidity (CaC03) 2752
Total Acidity (CaC03) 4175
Conductivity (25°C) iranhos. 4100
pH (electrometrically) 2.3
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca> 184
Magnesium (Mg) 142
Hardness (CaCO3) 1042
Sulfate (SO4) 5076
Total Iron (Fe) 1060
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 50.7
Total Solids 8797
Suspended Solids 18
Dissolved Solids 8779
Settleable Solids (ml/1) 0.2
Aluminum (Al) 211
Manganese (Mn) 31.1
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaCO3)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
(l) Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
Date 10/28/71
Flow (gpm)
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaCO3) 243
Free Acidity (CaCO3)
Total Acidity (CaCO3) 5.0
Conductivity (25°C) mmhos. 630
pH (electrometrically) 8.02
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 81.3
Magnesium (Mg) 23.1
Hardness (CaCO3) 437
Sulfate (SO4) 108
Total Iron (Fe) 0.04
Ferrous Iron (Fe) 0.010
Total Solids 415
Suspended Solids 3
Dissolved Solids 412
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.13
Manganese (Mn) <0.05
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
@ Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
-------
TABLE 43
WATER QUALITY ANALYSES
SAMPLE LOCATION NO. 41©
Date 10/28/71
Flow (gpm) -
Pht. Alkalinity (CaCO3)
M.O. Alkalinity (CaC03) 353
Free Acidity (CaC03)
Total Acidity (CaC03) 5.0
Conductivity (25°C) nunhos . 885
pH (electrometrically) 8.11
Color (APHA)
Turbidity (JTU)
Calcium (Ca) 33.4
Magnesium (Mg) 13.4
Hardness (CaC03) 139
Sulfate (S04) 122
Total Iron (Fe) 0.05
Ferrous Iron (Fe) <0.005
Total Solids 563
Suspended Solids 2
Dissolved Solids 561
Settleable Solids (ml/1) <0.1
Aluminum (Al) 0.19
Manganese (Mn) <0.05
Chloride (Cl)
Hot Pht. Acidity (CaC03)
tn
Test results reported in ppm unless
otherwise noted.
© Refer to Figure 12 for location
of sample point.
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Water Pollution Control Act Chapter 20-Article 15A, West
Virginia Code as amended 1969.
20-5A-2. Definitions
Unless the context in which used clearly requires a
different meaning as used in this article:
(a) "Director" shall mean the director of the depart-
ment of natural resources;
(b) "Board" shall mean the state water resources board;
(c) "Chief" shall mean the chief of the division of
water resources of the department of natural
resources;
(d) "Person", "persons" or "applicant" shall mean any
public or private corporation, institution, associa-
tion, firm or company organized or existing under
the laws of this or any other state or country; State
of West Virginia; governmental agency; political
subdivision; county court, municipal corporation;
industry, sanitary district; public service dis-
trict; drainage district; soil conservation dis-
trict; watershed improvement district; partnership;
trust; estate; person or individual; group of
persons or individuals acting individually or as a
group; or any other legal entity whatever;
(e) "Water resources", "water" or "waters" shall mean
any and all water on or beneath the surface of the
ground, whether percolating, standing, diffused or
flowing, wholly or partially within this State, or
bordering this State and within its jurisdiction,
and shall include, without limiting the generalty of
the foregoing, natural or articifial lakes, rivers,
streams, creeks, branches, brooks, ponds (except
farm ponds, industrial settling basins and ponds and
water treatment facilities), impounding reservoirs,
springs, wells and watercourses;
(f) "Pollution" shall mean (1) the discharge, release,
escape, deposit or disposition, directly or
indirectly, of treated or untreated sewage, indus-
trial wastes, or other wastes, of whatever kind
or character, in or near any waters of the State,
160
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£°? 3r10n' manner or quantity, as does, will
t0(A) cont^inate or substantially
u
the cont^ination of any such waters ,
LSUbKtantially contribute to the
nr™ the Phvsical' chemical or biological
properties of any of such waters, if such contamina-
^°^°r alteration, or the resulting contamination
^ alteration where a person only contributes
thereto, is to such an extent as to make any of
such waters (i) directly or indirectly harmful,
detrimental or injurious to the public health, safety
and welfare, or (ii) directly or indirectly detri-
mental to existing animal, bird, fish, aquatic or
plant life, or (iii) unsuitable for present or
future domestic, commercial, industrial, agricul-
tural, recreational, scenic or other legitimate
uses; and shall also mean (2) the discharge, release,
escape, deposit, or disposition, directly or
indirectly of treated or untreated sewage, industrial
wastes or other wastes, of whatever kind or character,
in or near any waters of the State in such condition,
manner or quantity, as does, will, or is likely
to reduce the quality of the waters of the State
below the standards established therefor in the
rules and regulations of the board;
(g) "Sewage" shall mean water-carried human' or animal
wastes from residences, buildings, industrial
establishments or other places, together with such
groundwater infiltration and surface waters as
may be present;
(h) "Industrial wastes" shall mean any liquid, gaseous,
solid or other waste substance, or a combination
thereof, resulting from or incidental to any
process of industry, manufacturing, trade or
business, or from or incidental to the development,
processing or recovery of any natural resources;
and the admixture with such industrial wastes of
sewage or other wastes, as hereinafter defined,
shall also be considered "industrial wastes" within
the meaning of this article;
(i) "Other wastes" shall mean garbage, refuse, decayed
wood, sawdust, shavings, bark and other wood debris
and residues, sand, lime, cinders, ashes, offal,
161
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night soil, silt, oil, tar, dyestuffs, acids,
chemicals, and all other materials and substances
not sewage or industrial wastes which may cause
or might reasonably be expected to cause or to
contribute to the pollution of any of the waters
of the State;
(j) "Establishment" shall mean an industrial establish-
ment, mill, factory, tannery, paper or pulp mill,
mine, colliery, breaker or mineral processing
operation, quarry, refinery, well, and each and
every industry or plant or works or activity in the
operation or process of which industrial wastes, or
other wastes are produced;
(k) "Sewer system" shall mean pipelines or conduits,
pumping stations, force mains and all other construc-
tions, facilities, devices and appliances appur-
tenant thereto, used for collecting or conducting
sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes to a
point of disposal or treatment;
(1) "Treatment works" shall mean any plant, facility,
means, system, disposal field, lagoon, pumping
station, constructed drainage ditch or surface water
intercepting ditch, diversion ditch above or
below the surface of the ground, settling tank or
pond, earthen pit, incinerator, area devoted to
sanitary landfills, or other works not specifically
mentioned herein, installed for the purpose of
treating, neutralizing, stabilizing, holding or
disposing of sewage, industrial wastes or other
wastes or for the purpose of regulating or controll-
ing the quality and rate of flow thereof;
(m) "Disposal system" shall mean a system for treating
or disposing of sewage, industrial wastes, or
other wastes, or the effluent therefrom, either
by surface or underground methods, and shall be
construed to include sewer systems, the use of
subterranean spaces, treatment works, disposal
wells and other systems;
(n) "Outlet" shall mean the terminus of a sewer system
or the point of emergence of any water-carried
sewage, industrial wastes, or other wastes or the
effluent therefrom, into any of the waters of
this State;
162
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(o) "Activity" or "activities" shall mean any activity
or activities for which a permit is required by
the provisions of section five (20-5A-5) of this
article;
(p) "Disposal well" shall mean any well drilled or
used for the injection or disposal of treated or
untreated sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes
into underground strata;
(q) "Well" shall mean any shaft or hole sunk, drilled,
bored or dug into the earth or into underground
strata for the extraction or injection or placement
of any liquid or gas, or any shaft or hole sunk
or used in conjunction with such extraction or
injection or placement. The term "well" shall not
have included within its meaning any shaft or
hole sunk, drilled, bored or dug into the earth
for the sole purpose of core drilling or pumping or
extracting therefrom potable, fresh or usable water
for household, domestic, industrial, agricultural
or public use; and
(r) "Code" shall mean the Code of West Virginia, one
thousand nine hundred thirty-one, as amended.
163
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Water Pollution Control Act Chapter 20-Article 5A, West
Virginia Code as amended 1969.
20-5A-3. General powers and duties of chief of division
and board with respect to pollution.
(a) In addition to all other powers and duties of the
chief of the department's division of water
resources, as prescribed in this article or else-
where by law, the chief, under the supervision of
the director, shall have and may exercise the
following powers and authority and shall perform
the following duties:
(1) To encourage voluntary cooperation by all
persons in controlling and reducing the
pollution of the waters of this State, and to
advise, consult and cooperate with all persons,
all agencies of this State, the federal govern-
ment or other states, and with interstate
agencies in the furtherance of the purposes
of this article, and to this end and for the
purpose of studies, scientific or other investi-
gations, research, experiments and demonstra-
tions pertaining thereto, the department may
receive moneys from such agencies, officers
and persons on behalf of the State. The
department shall pay all moneys so received
into a special fund hereby created in the
state treasury, which fund shall be expended
under the direction of the chief solely
for the purpose or purposes for which the grant,
gift or contribution shall have been made;
(2) To encourage the formulation and execution
of plans by cooperative groups or associations
of municipal corporations, industries, and other
users of waters of the State, who, jointly or
severally, are or may be the source of pollution
of such waters, for the control and reduction of
pollution;
(3) To encourage, participate in, or conduct or
cause to be conducted studies, scientific or
other investigations, research, experiments and
demonstrations relating to water pollution
and the causes, control and reduction thereof,
and to collect data with respect thereto, all
164
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as may be deemed advisable and necessary to
carry out the purposes of this article;
(4) To study and investigate all problems con-
cerning water flow, water pollution and the
control and reduction of pollution of the
waters of the State, and to make reports and
recommendations with respect thereto;
(5) To collect and disseminate information re-
lating to water pollution and the control and
reduction thereof;
(6) To develop a public education and promotion
program to aid and assist in publicizing the
need of and securing support for pollution
control and abatement;
(7) To sample ground and surface water with
sufficient frequency to ascertain the standards
of purity or quality from time to time of the
waters of the State;
(8) To develop programs for the control and re-
duction of the pollution of the waters of the
State;
(9) To exercise general supervision over the
administration and enforcement of the provisions
of this article, and all rules, regulations,
permits and orders issued pursuant to the
provisions of this article;
(10) In cooperation with the college of engineering
at West Virginia University, to conduct
studies, scientific or other investigations,
research, experiments and demonstrations in an
effort to discover economical and practical
methods for the elimination, disposal,
control and treatment of sewage, industrial
wastes, and other wastes, and the control and
reduction of water pollution, and to this end,
the chief may cooperate with any public or
private agency and receive therefrom, on
behalf of the State, and for deposit in the
state treasury, any moneys which such agency
may contribute as its part of the expenses
165
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thereof, and all gifts, donations or contri-
butions received as aforesaid shall be expended
by the chief according to the requirements or
directions of the donor or contributor without
the necessity of an appropriation therefor,
except that an accounting thereof shall be
made in the fiscal reports of the department;
(11) To require the prior submission of plans,
specifications, and other data relative to, and
to inspect the construction and operation of,
any activity or activities in connection with
the issuance and revocation of such permits
as are required by this article, or as he
deems necessary to carry out the provisions
of this article or to carry out the rules and
regulations adopted pursuant to the provisions
of this article; and
(12) To require any and all persons directly or
indirectly discharging, depositing or dis-
posing of treated or untreated sewage, in-
dustrial wastes, or other wastes, or the
effluent therefrom, into or near any waters of
the State or into any underground strata, and
any and all persons operating an establishment
which produces or which may produce or from
which escapes, releases or emanates or may
escape, release or emanate treated or untreated
sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes or
the effluent therefrom, into or near any
waters of the State or into any underground
strata, to file with the divison of water
resources such information as the chief may
require in a form or manner prescribed by him
for such purpose, including, but not limited
to, data as to the kind, characteristics,
amount and rate of flow of any such discharge,
deposit, escape, release or disposition.
(b) In addition to all other powers and duties of the
water resources board, as prescribed in this
article or elsewhere by law, the board shall have
and may exercise the following powers and authority
and shall perform the following duties:
166
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for°°8perate with any interstate agencies
S ^ iPUrP°Se °f formulating, for submission
ln~£ -Legislature, interstate compacts and
agreements relating to the control and reduc-
tion of water pollution; and
(2) To adopt, modify, repeal and enforce rules
ana_regulations, in accordance with the pro-
visions of chapter twenty-nine-A (29A-1-1 et
seq.) of this Code, (A) implementing and
making effective the declaration of policy
contained in section one (20-5A-1) of this
article and the powers, duties and respon-
sibilities vested in the board and the chief
by the provisions of this article and otherwise
by law; (B) preventing, controlling and
abating pollution; and (C) establishing stan-
dards of quality for the waters of the State
under such conditions as the board may pres-
cribe for the prevention, control and abatement
of pollution.
(c) The board is hereby authorized to hire one or more
individuals to serve as hearing examiners on a
full or part-time basis. Such individuals may
be attorneys at law admitted to practice before
any circuit court of this State. All such hearing
examiners shall be individuals authorized to take
depositions under the laws of this State.
(d) The board, or any member thereof, and the chief,
and their duly authorized representatives, shall
have the power and authority to make investigations,
inspections and inquiries concerning compliance
with the provisions of this article, or any order
made and entered in accordance with the provisions
of this article, or any rule or regulation promul-
gated by the board, or with the terms and conditions
of any permit issued in accordance with the pro-
visions of section seven (20-5A-7) of this article.
In order to make such investigations, inspections
and inquiries, the board, or any member thereof,
and the chief, and their duly authorized represen-
tatives, shall have the power and authority to
enter at all reasonable times upon any private or
public property, subject to responsibility for their
own safety and for any damage to the property
entered. All persons shall cooperate fully with
the person entering such property for such purposes.
167
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Upon refusal of the person owning or controlling
such property to permit such entrance or the making
of such inspections, investigations and inquiries,
the board or any member thereof or the chief may
apply to the circuit court of the county in which
such property is located, or the judge thereof in
vacation, for an order authorizing such entrance
and the making of such inspections, investigations
and inquiries; and jurisdiction is hereby conferred
upon such court or judge to enter such order upon
a showing that the relief asked is necessary for
the proper enforcement of this article. A dwelling
occupied for residential purposes shall not be
entered without a search warrant.
(e) The board is hereby authorized and empowered to
investigate and ascertain the need and factual
basis for the establishment of public service dis-
tricts as a means of controlling and reducing
pollution from unincorporated communities and areas
of the State, and to present reports and recommenda-
tions thereon to the county courts of the areas
concerned, together with a request that such county
courts create a public service district or dis-
tricts , as therein shown to be needed and required
and as provided in article thirteen-A (16-13A-1 et
seq.), chapter sixteen of this Code. In the event
a county court shall fail to act to establish a
county-wide public service district, the board shall
act jointly with the state director of health, the
director of the department of natural resources and
the chief of the division of water resources to
order the county court to take action to establish
such public service district or districts as may
be necessary to control, reduce, or abate the
pollution, and when so ordered the county court
members must act to establish such a county-wide
public service district.
168
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Water Pollution Control Act Chapter 20-Article 5A, West
Virginia Code as amended 1969.
20-5A-4. Cooperation with other governments and agencies.
The division of water resources is hereby designated as
the water pollution control agency for this State for
all purposes of federal legislation and is hereby
authorized to take all action necessary or appropriate
to secure to this State the benefits of said legislation.
In carrying out the purposes of 'this section, the chief
is hereby authorized to cooperate with the federal water
pollution control administration of the United States
department of interior, other agencies of the federal
government, other states, interstate agencies and other
interested parties in'all matters relating to water
pollution, including the development of programs for con-
trolling and reducing water pollution and improving the
sanitary conditions of the waters of the State; to apply
for and receive, on behalf of this State, funds made
available under the aforesaid federal legislation on
condition that all moneys received from any federal
agency as herein provided shall be paid into the state
treasury and shall be expended, under the direction of
the chief, solely for purposes for which the grants
shall have been made, to approve projects for which
applications for loans or grants under the federal legis-
lation are made by any municipality (including any city,
town, district or other public body created by or pur-
suant to the laws of this State and having jurisdiction
over the disposal of sewage, industrial wastes or other
wastes) or agency of this State or by any interstate
agency; and to participate through his authorized re-
presentatives in proceedings under the federal legislation
to recommend measures for the abatement of water pollution
originating in this State. The governor is hereby
authorized, in his discretion, to give consent on behalf
of this State to requests by the secretary of the United
States department of interior to the attorney general
of the United States for the bringing of actions for the
abatement of such pollution.
Whenever a federal law requires the approval or recom-
mendation of a state agency or any political subdivision
169
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of the State in any matter relating to the water re-
sources of the State, the director, subject to approval of
the legislature, is hereby designated as the sole person
to give the approval or recommendation required by the
federal law, unless the federal law specifically requires
the approval or recommendation of some other state agency
or political subdivision of the State.
170
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Contr?1 Act Chapter 20-Article 5A, West
Code as amended 1969.
d°main? Procedures; legis-
(a) When any person who is owner of an establishment is
ordered by the chief to stop or prevent pollution
or the violation of the rules and regulations of the
board or to take corrective or remedial action,
compliance with which order will require the acquisi-
tion, construction or installation of a new treatment
works_or the extension or modification of or an
addition to an existing treatment works, (which ac-
quisition, construction, installation, extension,
modification or addition of or to a treatment works
pursuant to such order is referred to in this section
as "such compliance") such person may exercise the
power of eminent domain in the manner provided in
chapter fifty-four (54-1-1 et seq.) of this Code,
to acquire such real property or interests in real
property as may be determined by the chief to be
reasonably necessary for such compliance.
(b) Upon application by such person and after twenty
days' written notice to all persons whose property
may be affected, the chief shall make and enter an
order determining the specific real property or
interests in real property, if any, which are
reasonably necessary for such compliance. In any
proceeding under this section, the person seeking
to exercise the right of eminent domain herein con-
ferred shall establish the need for the amount of
land sought to be condemned and that such land is
reasonably necessary for the most practical method
for such compliance.
(c) The right of eminent domain herein conferred shall
not apply to the taking of any dwelling house or
for the taking of any land within five hundred feet
of any such dwelling house.
(d) The legislature hereby declares and finds that the
taking and use of real property and interests in
real property determined to be reasonably necessary
171
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for such compliance promotes the health, safety and
general welfare of the citizens of this State by
reducing and abating pollution in the waters of this
State in which the public at large has an interest
and otherwise; that such taking and use are necessary
to provide and protect a safe, pure and adequate
water supply to the municipalities and citizens
of the State; that because of topography, patterns
of land development and ownership and other factors
it is impossible in many cases to effect such com-
pliance without the exercise of the power of eminent
domain and that the use of real property or interests
in real property to effect such compliance is a
public use for which private property may be taken
or destroyed.
172
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S S°ntro1 Act Chapter 20-Article 5A,
Code as amended 1969.
jurisdicti C°ntro1 bv State as to pollution; continuing
No right to violate the rules and regulations of the board
rHF IZ continue existing pollution of any of the waters
or tne State shall exist nor shall such right be or be
aeemea to have been acquired by virtue of past or future
pollution by any person. The right and control of the
State in and over the quality of all waters of the State
are hereby expressly reserved and reaffirmed. It is
recognized that with the passage of time, additional efforts
may have to be made by all persons toward control and
reduction of the pollution of the waters of the State,
irrespective of the fact that such persons may have
previously complied with all orders of the chief or
board. It is also recognized that there should be con-
tinuity and stability respecting pollution control
measures taken in cooperation with, and with the approval
of, the chief, or pursuant to orders of the chief or
board. When a person is complying with the terms and
conditions of a permit granted pursuant to the provisions
of section seven (20-5A-7) of this article or when a person
has completed remedial action pursuant to an order of
the chief or board, additional efforts may be required
wherever and whenever the rules and regulations of the
board are violated or the waters of the State are
polluted by such person.
173
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1967 Surface Mining Act, An Act of the Legislature of
West Virginia, Regular Session, 1967.
20-6-3. Division of reclamation, duties and functions;
selections, duties and compensation.
There is hereby created within the department of natural
resources a division of reclamation, and the director of
natural resources shall appoint and fix the compensation
of the head of said division who shall be known as the
chief of the division of reclamation. Said chief shall
have graduated from an accredited four-year college or
university with a degree in the field of engineering,
agriculture, forestry or related resource field, and
shall have four years of full-time paid employment in
some phase of natural resources management, two years of
which must have been in a supervisory or administrative
capacity.
Except as otherwise provided in this article, the division
shall administer all of the laws of this state relating
to surface mining and subject to the approval of the
director of natural resources shall exercise all of the
powers and perform all of the duties by law vested in and
imposed upon said director in relation to said operations.
The division of reclamation shall have within its juris-
diction and supervision all lands and areas of the state,
mined or susceptible of being mined, for the removal of
minerals and all other lands and areas of the state
deforested, burned over, barren or otherwise denuded,
unproductive and subject to soil erosion and waste.
Included within such lands and areas shall be lands seared
and denuded by chemical operations and processes, abandoned
coal-mining areas, swamplands, lands and areas subject
to flowage easements and backwaters from river locks and
dams, and river, stream, lake and pond shore areas subject
to soil erosion and waste. The jurisdiction and supervision
exercised by the division shall be consistent with other
provisions of this chapter, and the division shall cooperate
with other offices and divisions of the department.
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Legislature of
cornmissi°^ duties, functions and
™™6*6* created and established in the department
natural resources a reclamation commission which shall
be composed of the director of natural resources, serving
as chairman, the chief of the division of reclamation, and
the director of the department of mines. The members of
the commission shall receive no compensation for their
services on the commission, but shall be reimbursed for
their expenses incurred in performing their functions.
The commission shall meet upon the call of any member.
The director, if he deem such action necessary, may
request the attorney general to appoint one or more assis-
tant attorneys general who shall perform such duties as
may be required by the director. The attorney general,
in pursuance of such request, may select and appoint one
or more assistant attorneys general, to serve at the will
and pleasure of the attorney general, and such assistant
or assistants, shall be paid out of any funds made
available for that purpose by the Legislature to the depart-
ment of natural resources.
The commission shall have authority to:
(a) Promulgate reasonable rules and regulations, in accor-
dance with the provisions of chapter twenty-nine-a
of this code, to implement the provisions of this
article;
(b) Make investigations or inspections necessary to
insure compliance with the provisions of this article;
(c) Conduct hearings under provisions of this article or
rules and regulations adopted by the commission and
for the purpose of any investigation or hearing,
hereunder, the commission or any member thereof may
administer oaths or affirmations, subpoena witnesses,
compel their attendance, take evidence and require
production of any books, papers, correspondence,
memoranda, agreements, or other documents or records
relevant or material to the inquiry;
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(d) Order, through the director, the suspension of any
permit for failure to comply with any of the provisions
of this article or any rules and regulations adopted
pursuant thereto;
(e) Order, through the director, a cease and desist order
of any operation that is started without a permit
as required by law;
(f) Appoint such advisory committees as may be of assis-
tance to the commission in the development of pro-
grams and policies; and
(g) Review orders and decisions of the director.
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West Virginia Administrative Regulations -State Water
Kesources Board, Chapter 20, Articles 5 and 5A, Series I,
Code of West Virginia.
Section 3. General Conditions not Allowable in State
Waters .
3.01 Certain characteristics of sewage, industrial
wastes or other wastes or factors which render
waters directly or indirectly detrimental to the
public health or unreasonably and adversely affect
such waters for present or future reasonable
uses, are objectionable in all waters of the
State. Therefore, the State Water Resources
Board does hereby proclaim that the following
general conditions are not to be allowed in any of
the waters of the State.
No sewage , industrial wastes or other wastes enter-
ing any of the waters of the State shall- cause
therein or materially to contribute to any of the
following conditions thereof, which shall be the
minimum conditions allowable :
(a) Distinctly visible floating or settleable
solids, solids, scum, foam or oily sleeks of
unreasonable kind or quantity;
(b) Objectionable deposits on bottom or sludge
banks ;
(c) Objectionable odors in the vicinity of the
waters ;
(d) Objectionable taste and/or odor in municipal
water supplies;
(e) Concentrations of materials poisonous to
man, animal or fish life;
oxygen depletion;
(g) Objectionable color;
(h) Objectionable bacterial concentrations;
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(i) Requiring an unreasonable degree of treatment
for the production of potable water by modern
water treatment processes as commonly em-
ployed.
3.02 Waters whose existing quality is better than the
established standards will not be lowered in quality
unless and until it has been affirmatively demon-
strated to the Chief of the Division of Water
Resources, Department of Natural Resources, that
such change is justifiable as a result of necessary
development and will not interfere with or become
injurious to any present or future assigned uses of
such waters. In special cases where the facts
warrant, more stringent standards or exceptions
thereto may be established. In implementing the
policy of this paragraph as it relates to interstate
streams, the Secretary,of The,Interior will be, kept
advised and provided with such information as he will
need from time to time to protect the interests of ,
the United States and the authority of the Secretary
in maintaining high quality of interstate waters.
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Resources1^ Administrative Regulations-State Water
Code of West Vir iniater 2°' Articles 5 and 5A' Series *'
5. Acid Mine Drainage Control Measures.
ad™?1^ S°id raine drainage control measures were
r™™- • Y the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation
Commission and promulgated as Resolution No. 5-60,
as amended January 10, 1963. The State of West
Virginia is a member of the Ohio River Valley
water Sanitation Compact and as such has agreed to
carry out the control measures so established.
waters of the State of West Virginia are being
polluted by acid discharges from coal mining and
related operations, hereinafter referred to as
acid mine drainage", contrary to the language and
intent of the State Water Pollution Control Law.
5.02 It has been demonstrated that the conscientious
application of certain principles and practices
will, under certain conditions, alleviate the
pollution from acid mine drainage. Therefore, in
furtherance of the policy and procedures of the State
Water Resources Board, the following measures are
hereby adopted by the Water Resources Board for the
control of acid mine drainage pollution in the State
of West Virginia:
(a) 1. Surface waters and ground waters shall be
diverted where practicable to prevent
the entry or reduce the flow of waters into
and through workings.
2. Water that does gain entry to the workings
shall be handled in a manner which will
minimize the formation and discharge of acid
mine drainage to streams.
(b) Refuse from the mining and processing of coal
shall be handled and disposed of in a manner
which will minimize discharge of acid mine
drainage therefrom to streams. Where acid-
producing materials are encountered in the
overburden in stripping operations, these
materials shall be handled so as to prevent
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or minimize the production of acid mine drainage,
taking into consideration the need for stream
pollution prevention and all economic factors
involved.
(c) Discharge of acid mine drainage to streams shall
be regulated insofar as practicable to equalize
the flow of daily accumulations throughout a
24-hour period.
(d) Upon discontinuance of operations of any mine
all practicable mine-closing measures, con-
sistent with safety requirements shall be
employed to minimize the formation and discharge
of acid mine drainage.
(e) Under appropriate circumstances, consideration
shall be given to the treatment of acid mine
drainage by chemical or other means in order
to mitigate its pollutional properties.
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Water
of west Viginia
Section 6. General and Water Use Categories
aons establish requirements
dlschar9e °r deposit of Sewage,
teS and other wastes ^to the
04- the State and establish general water
use categories and water quality standards for
the waters of the State.
6.02 Authority. These regulations are issued under
authority of the West Virginia Code (Section 3,
Article 5A, Chapter 20) .
6.03 Effective Date. These regulations are promulgated
on April 27, 1970, and become effective thirty
days after -.filing in the Secretary of State's
Office .
6.04 Filing Date. These regulations were filed in the
Office of the Secretary of State on July 20 ,
1970.
6.05 Certification. These regulations are certified
authentic by the Chairman of the State Water
Resources Board by certification number 3.
6.06 Category A. Water Contact Recreation: This
category includes swimming, fishing, water skiing,
and certain types of pleasure boating such as
sailing in very small craft and small outboard motor
boats .
6.07 Category Bl. Water Supply, Public: This category
is used to describe all waters used for public
supplies. It does not include water for cooling.
6.08 Category B2 . Water Supply, Industrial: This
category is used to describe all waters used for
industrial supplies. It does not include water
for cooling.
6.09 Category B3. Water Supply, Agricultural: This
category includes all water used for agriculture,
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includes irrigation, as well as livestock watering.
It is understood that these waters would,also be
suitable for wildlife watering.
6.10 Category C. Propagation of Fish and Other Aquatic
Life: This category is self-explanatory and does
recognize the importance of other aquatic life in
addition to fish.
6.11 Category D- Water Transport, Cooling and Power:
This category includes commercial and pleasure
vessel activity except those small craft included
in Category A. Cooling water is that water used
for industrial cooling. Power production in this
definition is hydro power.
6.12 Category E. Treated Wastes Transport and Assimila-
tion: This category includes water of such quality
as to assure safe passage of fish.
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Resource! RoJJs nistrative Regulations - State Water
o
Series n £5« ?apter 20' Articles 5 and 5A,
s II, Code of west Virginia.
3. Water Uses and Water Quality Criteria.
13 '01 ng criteria are established for the
maintaining water quality in the Monon-
Wes Vir and a11 its tributaries from the
g lnia-pennsYlvania State line to the
hS TYgart ValleY and West Fork
(a) Present Uses: A, Bl, B2 (See Section 6).
(b) Water Quality Criteria for Present Uses:
Based on a minimum flow of 345 cfs at Lock
and Dam #8, main stem Monongahela River. On
the tributaries of the Monongahela River the
following stream quality standards are to apply
at all times when flows are equal to or greater
than the minimum mean 7 -consecutive -day
drought flow with a 10 -year return frequency.
1. Dissolved Oxygen: Not less than 5 mg/1
at any time .
2 . pH : Values normal for the waters in the
area in question, however, generally held
between 6.0 and 8.5, except streams
carrying significant quantities of acid
mine drainage shall have a pH of not less
than 5.5.
3. Temperature: Not to exceed 87°F at any
time during the months of May through
November and not to exceed 73 °F at any
time during months of December through
April .
4. Threshold Odor: Threshold odor not to
exceed a threshold odor number of 8 at
60 °C as a daily average.
5. Toxic Substances: Not to exceed 1/10 of
the 96-hour median tolerance limit.
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6. Bacteria: The Coliform group is not to
exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as a monthly
average nor exceed this number in more
than 20 percent of the samples examined
during any month, nor exceed 2,400 per
ml on any day.
7. , Radioactivity: Gross beta activity not to
exceed 1,000 picocuries per liter (pCi/1)
nor shall activity from dissolved
strontium-90 exceed 10 pCi/1, nor shall
activity from dissolved alpha emitters
exceed 3 pCi/1.
8* Heavy Metals: Not to exceed the following:
Constituents Concentration mg/1
Arsenic 0.01
Barium 0.50
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (Hexavalent) 0.05
Lead 0.05
Silver 0.05
9. Other Compounds:
Constituents Concentration mg/1
Nitrates 45.0
Chlorides 100.0
Sulfates 200.0
Phenol 0.001
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride 1.0
Selenium 0.01
(c) Future Uses: A, Bl, B2, B3, C, D, E (see
Section 6).
(d) Water Quality Criteria:
Same as Present Uses as modified below.
1. Bacteria: The Coliform group is not to
exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as a monthly
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average value, nor exceed this number in
20 percent of the samples examined
during any month, nor exceed 2,400 per
100 ml on any day.
(e) in special cases where the facts warrant, more
stringent standards, or exceptions to the above
standards, may be established in the individual
case.
185
*US. GOVERNMENT WIITTING OFF,CE:1973 M4-1M/166 1-S
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SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS
INPUT TRANSACTION FORM
1. Report No.
3. Accession No.
4. Title water Infiltration Control to Achieve Mine Water
Pollution Control - Feasibility Study
7. Author(s)
Zaval, Frank J. and Robins, John D.
9. Organization
State of West Virginia, Department of Natural Resources
(Grantee)
Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation (Cfigsultant s
12. Sponsoring Organization
15. Supplementary Notes
Environmental Protection Agency report
number, EPA-R2-73-142, January 1973.
5. Report Date
6.
8. Performing Organization
Report No.
10. Project No.
11. Contract/Grant No.
13. Type of Report and
Period Covered
16. Abstract The study objective was the determination of the feasibility of conducting
a full-scale demonstration to document the effectiveness of land reclamation at mined-
out areas, in establishing surface water infiltration control to prevent acid mine
water pollution. The study site was the Dents Run Watershed, Monongalia County, West
Virginia. It is replete with strip, drift, and auger mines, refuse dumps, and dis-
charge boreholes; all of which are significant potential contributors of acid mine
water pollution.
The project is feasible as based upon the results of investigative measures
which included: investigation of each mine area and opening; a detailed description
of each site; sampling and analysis of all receiving streams and discharge points to
determine the severity of acid mine water pollution; and evaluation and selection of
weir structures, monitor and enclosures and instruments to be placed in unattended
areas to provide a continuous record of stream conditions.
A presentation is made of recommendations and cost estimates for reclamation
at each site and for the installation of monitoring facilities.
The impact of the project on the social and economic environment of the
watershed and the county is presented.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Project No. 1^010 HHG under the
sponsorship of the Office of Research & Monitoring, EPA.
17a. Descriptors
Acid Mine Drainage*, Surface Mines*, Underground Mines*, Land Reclamation*, revegeta-
tion, water quality
176. Identifiers
*seals - mine entry, ^reclamation - strip mine, feasibility study, stations - stream
monitoring, West Virginia
17c. COWRR Field & Group
18. Availability
19. Security Class.
(Report)
20. Security Class.
(Page)
21. No. of
Pages
22. Price
Send To:
WATER RESOURCES SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION CENTER
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20240
Abstractor Robert A. LOOS
institution Cyrus Wm. Rice Division - NUS Corporation
WRSIC102 (REV. JUNE 1971)
SPO 913.261
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