Principles of
       Pesticide Use,
Handling, and Application
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   Instructional Modules for Vocational Agriculture Educatio,

           STUDENT MANUAL
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                         PRINCIPLES  OF  PESTICIDE USE,
                          HANDLING, AND APPLICATION
              Instructional  Modules for Vocational  Agriculture Education
                                    Developed  for

                             Office  of  Pesticide Programs

                           Environmental Protection Agency

                                        Under

                              Contract  No. 68-01-1936

                                    January,  1976
Use of brand  or  trade names or commercial  products in this publication does not imply
endorsement of the products  or  recommendation for their use.
                   For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office
                               Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $5.90

                                 Stock No. 055-004-00012-9

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                              TABLE  OF  CONTENTS






                                                                               Page




Foreword	v




Use of this Publication	vii



Acknowledgements	xi




Selected  Audiovisual Materials	xiii




Selected  References	xv




Introduction  (Unit  I)	   1




Pests  (Unit II)	15




Environmental Protection  (Unit III)	67




Pesticides (Unit  IV)	109




Labels and Labeling (Unit V)	151




Personal  Safety  and  First Aid  (Unit VI)   	195




Safety Before, During, and  Following  Application (Unit VII)	235




Formulation and Application (Unit VIII)	279




Equipment and  Its  Use (Unit  IX)	321




Disposal  and  Storage (Unit  X)	365




Record  Keeping  and  Liability  (Unit XI)	399




Appendix:  The  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act
                                         in

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                                     FOREWORD
This training package is designed to present the basic principles of pesticide use, handling,
and application. Included in this  package is information on federal laws and regulations,
personal  safety, environmental  implications,  storage and disposal  considerations,  proper
application procedures, and fundamentals of pest management. Successful completion of
these  training  modules will equip  the  student  with the basic requirements for  private
applicator  pesticide certification  as identified by federal laws.

This training package is designed in modular form  suitable for use by  men  and women
studying vocational agriculture. These modules form a complete  self-contained training
program  sufficient  to train  and test knowledge and skills of the safe and correct  use of
pesticides.

This training package presents basic concepts and principles of pesticide use and application.
The student  must recognize that  individual  exceptions to these principles exist and that
label  instructions  should  be  followed  if a discrepancy  arises.

Teachers should consult state and local experts frequently to maintain updated information
with  regard  to federal, state,  and local laws and  regulations. Teachers  are  especially
encouraged to  contact the State Extension Pesticide Applicator Training Coordinators for
specific state  requirements  and  laws  relating  to  pesticide  certification  programs  and to
add objectives  as  needed. When  a  teacher  adds  objectives, information and assignment
sheets, transparencies, and  criterion tests should be supplied.

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                            USE  OF THIS PUBLICATION


Instructional Units

Public Law 94-140 requires that individuals who are applicators of restricted use pesticides
be  certified  by October,  1977, and thereafter.  These instructional  modules  will train
prospective  private  pesticide applicators  to  meet  the certification  requirements under
the federal  guidelines. The information contained  in  these instructional modules is also
pertinent to  all  persons interested in pesticide  use, handling, and application.

The modules cover eleven  content  areas. Each area consists of one  unit of instruction
including  behavioral objectives, suggested activities for teacher and student, information
sheets, assignment  sheets,  visual aids, tests, and  answers  to the  tests. Units are planned
for one or  more  lessons or class periods of  instruction.

Careful study of each  instructional  unit  by  the  teacher  will  help to determine:

     A.  The amount of  material that can  be covered in each  class period.
     B.  The skills which  must be  demonstrated.
              1.   Supplies needed
              2.   Equipment needed
              3.   Amount of practice needed
     C.  Supplementary materials that  must be ordered,  such as pamphlets, slide series,
         video  tapes, movies, and  filmstrips.
     D.   Resource people  who must be  contacted.

Objectives

Each  unit of instruction is based on behavioral  objectives.  These objectives state the goals
of the unit  thus providing a sense of  direction  and  accomplishment for  the  student.

Behavioral  objectives are stated in two forms. Terminal objectives state the subject matter
to be covered in a unit of instruction and specific objectives state the student performance
necessary  to reach the terminal objective.

Since the objectives of the unit provide direction for  the teaching-learning process,  it is
important  for the  teacher  and students to  have  a common understanding of the intent
of the objectives. A limited number of performance terms  have been used in the objectives
for this curriculum to assist in  promoting the effectiveness of the communication among
all  individuals using the materials.

Following  is a list of performance  terms and their synonyms which  were used in this
material.

Name                            Identify                     Describe
Label                            Select                       Define
List in  writing                   Mark                        Discuss  in writing
List orally                       Point out                    Discuss  orally
Letter                           Pick out                     Interpret
Record                          Choose                     Tell how
Repeat                          Locate                      Tell what
Give                                                          Explain
                                         VII

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Order                             Distinguish
Arrange                           Discriminate
Sequence
List in  order
Classify
Divide
Isolate
Sort

Reading  of the objectives  by the  student  should  be followed by a class discussion to
answer any questions concerning  performance  requirements  for  each  instructional unit.

Suggested  Activities

Each unit of  instruction  has  a suggested  activities  sheet outlining steps to  follow in
accomplishing  specific objectives. The activities are listed  according  to whether they are
the  responsibility of the instructor or the student.

     Instructor: Duties of the instructor will vary according to the particular unit. However,
     for  best use of the material they should include the following: provide students with
     objective  sheet, information  sheet, and assignment sheets; make transparencies  and
     arrange  for resource materials  and people; discuss terminal   and  specific  objectives
     and  information sheet; give test. Teachers  are  encouraged to use any additional
     instructional  activities  and teaching  methods  to  aid  students in  accomplishing  the
     objectives.

     Student:  Student  activities are listed which  will help  the  student to  achieve  the
     objectives  for the  unit.

Information  Sheets

Information  sheets provide content  essential  for meeting  the  cognitive  (knowledge)
objectives  of the unit. The  teacher will find that information sheets serve as  an  excellent
guide for  presenting the background knowledge necessary to develop the skills specified
in the terminal objective.

Students should read the information sheets before the information is discussed in class.
Students  may  take additional  notes on the information  sheets.

Transparency Masters

Transparency masters provide information in a  special way. The students may see as well
as hear the material  being  presented, thus reinforcing the learning process. Transparencies
may  present  new  information or  they  may  reinforce  information presented  in  the
information  sheets. They are particularly effective when  identification  is necessary.

Transparencies should be made and placed in the notebook where they will be  immediately
available for use. Transparencies direct the class's attention to  the topic of discussion.
They should be left on the screen only when topics shown are under discussion. (NOTE:
Stand away from the overhead projector when discussing transparency material. The noise
of  the projector may cause the teacher to speak  too  loudly.)
                                          VIII

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Assignment  Sheets

Assignment  sheets give direction  to study  and furnish practice for paper-pencil activities
to develop  the  knowledge which is a necessary prerequisite to skill  development. These
may be given  to the  student for completion  in class or used for homework assignments.
Answer sheets are provided which may be used by the student and/or teacher for checking
student progress.

Test and  Evaluation

Paper-pencil and performance tests have been constructed to measure  student achievement
of each objective listed  in  the unit  of  instruction.  Individual test items may  be pulled
out and used  as a short  test to determine student achievement of a particular objective.
This kind  of testing may  be used  as a daily quiz and will help the teacher spot difficulties
being encountered by students in their efforts to accomplish the terminal objective. The
teacher may wish to  administer discussion test questions orally.  Test items for  objectives
added  by  the teacher should  be constructed and added  to the test.

Test Answers
Test answers are provided for each unit. These may be used by the teacher and/or student
for checking student achievement of  the  objectives.
                                         IX

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                              ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     Development and preparation of an instructional manual such as this is contingent
upon the  cooperation and assistance  of a host of agencies, groups, and individuals. Since
this  instructional manual was contracted for by  the  Environmental Protection  Agency,
much of  the  information  included herein was  derived  from manuals already developed
for the E.P.A. as well as from related manuals the agency suggested  we review. Sincere
appreciation  is extended  to  Bill  Hoffman, Project Officer, Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental  Protection Agency for his assistance throughout the contract. In addition,
appreciation  is extended  to  Chet Gibbs, Program Leader, Pesticide Chemicals Program,
Extension Service,  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture for  his comments and suggestions
throughout the duration of the contract. Appreciation is also extended to Neville Hunsicker,
Bureau  of Occupational  and Adult Education,  U.S. Office of Education for assistance
rendered during the contract.
     Grateful  acknowledgement for  critical  review of  the  manual  is extended to the
members  of  the Working Group on Training  of the  Extension Committee on  Policy,
Extension Service,  U.S.  Department  of Agriculture; the National Vocational Agriculture
Project  Advisory Committee; representatives of various state  departments of vocational
education; representatives of state lead agencies; the vocational agriculture teachers who
field tested  the manual  in ten sites throughout the United  States; and a  host of others
who gave their critical  comments  and suggestions for the improvement of the manual.
     Sincere appreciation  is extended  to Ron Meek, Bob Patton, Pete Braker, and Eddie
Smith, former  vocational agriculture teachers and now curriculum  writers,  who worked
with EMjs Associates, Inc. staff to develop  the  manual.
     Sincere gratitude and appreciation is expressed to the staff  of Ellis Associates, Inc.,
who worked  long  and  rigorous  hours to develop this  manual  and  for their efforts in
involving the agencies responsible for  private pesticide training -- Environmental Protection
Agency, U.S.  Department of Agriculture, State  Lead Agencies,  and  the  U.S. Office of
Education. Of particular note has been the timely and relevant work performed by Frances
L. Courtney and Geraldine Nyland in preparation for the regional workshops; the critical
review and analysis  of materials by Mike  Brown; and the technical expertise demonstrated
by Sally McDonald. Without such a  dedicated staff, the purposes of  the  contract could
never have been  fulfilled.

Project  Director                           Co-Project  Director

Dr. Mary  L. Ellis,  President               Ms. Denise  A. Pierce
                                         XI

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                      SELECTED  AUDIOVISUAL  MATERIALS
Slide  - Cassette  Series

    Pestidide Use Training (420 slides divided into eight chapters with scripts and narrative
    cassettes) and Apply  Pesticides Correctly:  Instructor's Manual  (classroom guide for
    use with  slide set). United  States Environmental Protection Agency. Distributed  by
    the National  Audiovisual Center, Government Services Administration,  Washington,
    DC   20409.

         Chapter  I, "How to  Identify Common  Pests "-Contains 57 slides  and  requires
         approximately 7  minutes

         Chapter  II,  "Pest Control and  Pesticides"-Contains  71  slides  and  requires
         approximately 8  minutes

         Chapter  III,  "Understanding Pesticide Labels"-Contains 34 slides  and  requires
         approximately 5  minutes

         Chapter  IV,  "Using Pesticides Safely  to Protect  Yourself"-Contains 60 slides
         and  requires approximately 8 minutes

         Chapter  V, "Protecting the Environment from Pesticides"-Contains  63 slides and
         requires  approximately 9 minutes

         Chapter  VI,  "Pesticide Application Equipment"-Contains 60 slides  and  requires
         approximately 8  minutes

         Chapter  VII, "Calibrating Pesticide Equipment"--Contains 45 slides  and  requires
         approximately 6  minutes

         Chapter  VIII, "Pesticide  Laws and Regulations"-Contains 24 slides  and  requires
         approximately 4  minutes

    Be  a  Pro   with  Pesticides   (72   slides,  script  and  narrative  cassette).  Visual
    Communications,  412S Roberts  Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY  14853, ATTN:
    George Lavris. This set is to  be used in  conjunction with the film of the same title
    listed  below.  Provision is  made for student  participation.

    Be a  Pro: Avoid Pesticide Accidents (79 slides, script and narrative cassette). Visual
    Communications,  412S Roberts  Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY  14853, ATTN:
    George Lavris. This set follows the assignment sheet "Distinguish Between Safe and
    Unsafe Pesticide Practices."
Film
     Be a Pro with Pesticides (22 1/2 minute 16 mm). Distributed by R. G. Turner, Box
     41,  Roberts Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca,  NY  14853.
                                        XIII

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Videocassettes

     Proper  Pesticide  Use  Series:   "Pesticides,"  (eight  chapters)  color videocassettes
     distributed  by Oregon State University,  Corvallis, Oregon  97331.

     Applying 'Pesticides  Properly,  (eight chapters)  color videocassettes  distributed  by
     Kansas  State  University, Manhattan, Kansas  66506.
(NOTE:  Consult your  extension agent and other resource personnel for other appropriate
audiovisual  materials for  your geographical  location.)
                                          XIV

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                             SELECTED  REFERENCES
U.S.,  Department of Agriculture and  Environmental  Protection Agency. Apply Pesticides
     Correctly: A Guide for Commercial Applicators. Washington,  D.C.:  Government
     Printing Office, 1975.

U.S.,  Department of Agriculture and  Environmental  Protection Agency. Apply Pesticides
     Correctly: A Guide for Private Applicators. Washington,  D.C.: Government Printing
     Office, 1975.

Dewey, J. E., et al. Pesticide Applicator Training Manual.  Ithaca,  New York:  Cornell
     University, 1974.

U.S.,   Environmental  Protection  Agency.  Standards for  Certification  of  Pesticide
    Applicators.  Washington, D.C.:  E.P.A.,  Office of Pesticide Programs, 1974.
We gratefully acknowledge the permission extended  to  us  by the Northeast Pesticide
Applicator Training Manual and the Environmental Protection Agency and United States
Department of Agriculture Apply Pesticides Correctly: A Guide for Commercial Applicators
manual  for use  of selected art work on transparency masters.
(NOTE: Consult your extension agent and other resource personnel for other appropriate
reference  manuals and materials  for  your  geographical location.)
                                        xv

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                                   INTRODUCTION
                                        UNIT I
                               TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion  of this unit, the student should be able to list problems associated with
pesticide usage, match the EPA classifications of pesticides to the correct definitions, and
list capabilities of the certified private applicator. This knowledge will  be evidenced by
scoring  eighty-five percent on  the unit test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion of this unit, the  student should be  able  to:

        1.      Match terms associated  with the private pesticide applicator certification
               program to  their correct definitions.

        2.      List problems associated with pesticide  usage.

        3.      Discuss pesticide  registration.

        4.      Match the EPA classifications of pesticides to  the correct  definitions.

        5.      List the capabilities of  the  certified private applicator.

        6.      Explain  the difference  between  deposit  and residue.

        7.      Explain  how tolerances  are  determined.

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                             INTRODUCTION
                                  UNIT I
                         SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.   Instructor:

     A.   Provide student with  objective  sheet.

     B.   Provide student with  information  sheet.

     C.   Make  transparency.

     D.   Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

     E.   Discuss information sheet.

     F.   Stress the importance of the  correct use of chemicals and the dangers and
          hazards of  improper use.

     G.   Invite a  resource person to visit with the class  concerning the importance
          of private pesticide applicator certification and applicable federal, state, and
          local laws and  regulations.

     H.   Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.   Read  objective  sheet.

     B.   Study information sheet.

     C.   Take test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIALS


 I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information sheet

III.   Transparency  master: TM  1--Tolerances  Must Be  Set

IV.   Test

 V.   Answers  to test

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                             INTRODUCTION
                                 UNIT  I
                         INFORMATION  SHEET


 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Private applicator--A certified applicator who uses or supervises the use of
         any pesticide classified for restricted use for the purpose of producing any
         agricultural commodity  on the property owned  or  rented by  him or his
         employer or on the  property of another person producing any agricultural
         commodity in exchange of personal  services

    B.   Pesticide-Chemical or other substance that will prevent, repel, destroy, or
         control  a  pest or  protect  something from a  pest

    C.   Tolerance-Maximum amount of pesticide which can legally remain on or
         in  any food  or  feed crop at harvest  or animal  at  slaughter

    D.   Agricultural commodity-Any plant or plant part, animal, or animal product
         produced  by  a person

    E.   Certification-Recognition  by certifying agency that a person is competent
         and thus authorized  to  use or supervise the use of restricted use pesticides

    F.   Environment-Surroundings, usually water,  air, soil,  plants, and  animals

    G.   Exposure-Not  protected   or  shielded; contact  with  pesticide through
         ingestion,  inhalation, or skin contact

    H.   Phytotoxicity-Causing injury to plant life

    I.    Hazard-Risk  of  danger; chance that  injury  or  harm  will come  to  the
         applicator,  other  persons,  plants,  or  animals

    J.    EPA-United  States  Environmental Protection Agency

II.  Problems  associated with pesticide usage

    A.   Movement off target-Drift, runoff,  leaching,  erosion,  or evaporation

    B.   Improper  method  of application-Pest not reached or  controlled

    C.   Overuse-Overdosing  and too frequent applications

    D.   Underuse, underdosing-Using less  than needed amounts

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


     E.   Resistance  of some  pests to certain  pesticides

     F.   Phytotoxicity to plants

     G.   Exposure  to nontarget plants and animals including humans

     H.   Buildup of some pesticides  in animals or in the food chain (accumulation)

     I.    Residues of  some pesticides which remain unchanged  in  the environment
          for long periods of time (persistence)

III.  Pesticide  registration

     A.   Every pesticide,  its  label, and  each use  must be registered  before  it can
          be sold or used

     B.   Definition  of  registration-Approval   by  the Environmental   Protection
          Agency of a pesticide for  uses as stated on its  label

IV.  EPA classifications  of pesticides

     (NOTE:  EPA  will  classify  each use  of  each pesticide as  either  general or
     restricted.)

     A.   General use-Pesticide  use which will  not cause  excessive damage in the
          environment  or  endanger the  applicator or  other  persons when applied
          according to label  directions

          (NOTE:  No  certification requirements are necessary on the part of the
          applicator.)

     B.   Restricted use-Pesticide  use which may  cause damage in the environment
          or endanger  the applicator  or  other persons unless  label directions are
          followed

 V.  Capabilities of the  certified private applicator

     (NOTE: Failure  to  comply with certification may result in penalties or fines
     of up  to $1000  or  imprisonment of up  to  thirty days.)

     A.   Purchase  and   use   restricted  use  pesticides   to  produce  agricultural
          commodities on  property owned or  rented  by  himself or his employer

     B.   Supervise  the  use  of  restricted  use pesticides  to produce  agricultural
          commodities on  property owned or  rented  by  himself of his employer

     C.   Purchase and use restricted use pesticides for use  on  the property of others
          with whom  he trades services

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


 VI.   Deposit and residue.

      A.  Deposit-Pesticide  placed  on a crop, animal, or surface during application

          (NOTE: Sometimes the deposit can be easily seen as with  many dusts or
          wettable powders. Other  times it cannot  be seen with the naked  eye.)

      B.  Residue-Pesticide  that remains on or in a  crop or animal  or on a surface
          following  application

          (NOTE:  Some pesticides  leave  little or no residue. Heat,  light, moisture,
          soil  organisms, and  other chemical  reactions in the environment quickly
          break  them down. Other  pesticides are not quickly broken down. They
          leave a residue on the crop or in  the environment for  weeks, months, or
          years.)

VII.   How tolerances are determined (Transparency  1)

      A.  Studies on test animals (rats, guinea pigs, mice, and others) are conducted
          to determine  the  acute and chronic toxicity  of  the chemical

      B.  Length of time the  pesticide remains on the target crop or target animal
          is measured

          (NOTE:  The time the pesticide remains active in the environment is  also
          determined.)

      C.  Possible  long-term injury, such as buildup in  man or  animals, is studied

      D.  All food  or feed which contains even a tiny amount of pesticide residue
          at harvest or  slaughter must have a tolerance

      E.  Residue in food  or feed  may be result of direct  or indirect contact with
          pesticide

      F.  Tolerance  is  always set at least 100 times smaller than the highest dose
          which has no  effect on  test animals

          Example:       If 200  parts per million of a pesticide have no effect on
                         test animals, then the tolerance for the pesticide on any food
                         or feed crop could be no  higher than 2 parts per million
                         (ppm)

      G.  Food or feed  which is intended to be  eaten must be  below the tolerance
          level

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                 Tolerances Must Be Set
CD
       Residue Through
            Indirect Contact
Residue Through
     Direct Contact

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                               INTRODUCTION
                                   UNIT  I
                                    TEST
1.     Match terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left by placing the
      appropriate numbers in  the  blanks provided.
            _a.  Maximum amount  of pesticide which
                can  legally remain on  or in any food or
                feed  crop  at  harvest  or  animal  at
                slaughter

            b.  Recognition by certifying  agency that a
                person is competent and thus authorized
                to use or supervise the use of restricted
                use  pesticides

            c.  Not protected  or shielded; contact with
                pesticide through ingestion, inhalation,
                or skin  contact

            _d.  Risk of  danger; chance that injury or
                harm will come to the applicator, other
                persons,  plants, or animals

            _e.  A  certified  applicator  who   uses  or
                supervises the  use  of  any  pesticide
                classified for  restricted   use   for  the
                purpose  of producing any agricultural
                commodity on  the  property  owned or
                rented by him  or his employer or on the
                property of another  person  producing
                any  agricultural commodity in exchange
                of personal services

            _f.  Chemical or other  substance that  will
                prevent, repel,  destroy, or  control a pest
                or protect something  from a pest

            g.  Causing  injury to plant life
            _h.  Surroundings,  usually  water,  air, soil,
                plants, and animals

            j.   Any  plant or  plant  part,  animal,  or
                animal product produced  by a  person

            j.   United States Environmental Protection
                Agency
 1.     Private
       applicator

 2.     Pesticide

 3.     Tolerance

 4.     Agricultural
       commodity

 5.     Certification

 6.     Environment

 7.     Exposure

 8.     Phytotoxicity

 9.     Hazard

10.     EPA
                                      11

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List four problems associated  with pesticide usage.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Discuss in a  short  paragraph pesticide registration.
Match  the EPA  classifications  of  pesticides  on  the  right  to their correct
definitions.
 	a.  Pesticide use  which may cause damage     1.     General
          in   the  environment  or endanger the            use
          applicator or  other persons unless label
          directions are followed                    2.
Restricted
use
       b.  Pesticide  use  which  will  not  cause
          excessive damage in the environment or
          endanger the applicator or other persons
          when   applied  according   to   label
          directions
List two capabilities  of the certified private applicator.

a.

b.

Explain  the difference  between  deposit  and residue.
Explain  how tolerances  are  determined.
                                 12

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                               INTRODUCTION
                                   UNIT  I
                             ANSWERS TO TEST

1.    a.   3             e.    1              i.   4
                                                10
a.
b.
c.
d.
3
5
7
9
e.
f.
g-
h.
1
2
8
6
2.    Any four of the  following:
      a.   Movement  off target-Drift, runoff,  leaching,  erosion, or evaporation
      b.   Improper  method  of application-Pest not reached or controlled
      c.   Overuse-Overdosing  and too frequent applications
      d.   Underuse, underdosing-Using  less than needed  amounts
      e.   Resistance  of some  pests to certain  pesticides
      f.   Phytotoxicity to  plants
      g.   Exposure  to  nontarget plants and animals  including humans
      h.   Buildup of some  pesticides in animals or in  the food chain (accumulation)
      i.   Residues of some pesticides which remain unchanged  in the environment
           for long periods  of  time (persistence)
3.    Discussion  should include:
      a.   Every pesticide,  its  label, and  each  use must be registered before it can
           be sold or used
      b.   Definition  of  registration-Approval  by  the  Environmental  Protection
           Agency  of a pesticide for uses as stated on  its label
4.    a.   2
      b.   1
5.    Any two of the following:
      a.   Purchase  and  use  restricted   use   pesticides  to  produce  agricultural
           commodities  on  property owned or  rented by  himself  or  his employer
      b.   Supervise  the use  of  restricted use  pesticides to  produce agricultural
           commodities  on  property owned or  rented by  himself  or  his employer
      c.   Purchase and use restricted use pesticides for use on the property  of others
           with whom he trades  services
                                      13

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6.     Explanation should  include:
       a.   Deposit-Pesticide placed on a crop, animal,  or surface during application
       b.   Residue-Pesticide that remains on or in  a crop or animal  or  on a surface
           following application
7.     Explanation should  include:
       a.   Studies on  test animals (rats, guinea pigs, mice, and others) are conducted
           to  determine the acute and  chronic toxicity of the chemical
       b.   Length of time the pesticide remains on  the target crop or target  animal
           is measured
       c.   Possible long-term injury, such  as  buildup in  man or  animals, is studied
       d.   All food or feed which contains even a tiny amount of pesticide residue
           at  harvest or slaughter must have  a tolerance
       e.   Residue in  food or feed may be a result of direct or indirect contact with
           pesticide
       f.   Tolerance is always  set at least 100 times smaller than the  highest dose
           which has  no  effect  on test animals
       g.   Food  or  feed which  is intended to be eaten must be below the tolerance
           level
                                        14

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                                       PESTS
                                       UNIT II
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion  of this unit, the student should be able to list  main groups of pests,
ways insects damage crops, and causes and symptoms of plant diseases. The student should
be able to identify life cycles of insects, state the difference between grasses and broadleaf
plants, name  sources for  aid  in  identifying  pests, and  interpret pesticide labels. This
knowledge will  be evidenced through  demonstration and  by scoring eighty-five percent
on  the unit test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this unit, the student should  be able  to:

        1.     Match terms associated  with pests to the correct definitions.

        2.     List main  groups of pests.

        3.     List ways  insects may damage crops.

        4.     List ways  insects affect  livestock  and  man.

        5.     Name identifying characteristics common to  all adult insects.

        6.     Name characteristics which aid in  distinguishing one  insect from another.

        7.     Identify  the four stage  life cycle  of insects.

        8.     Identify  the three stage  life  cycle of insects.

        9.     Name identifying characteristics of mites, ticks, and  spiders.

       10.     List vertebrate  pest animals.

       11.     State the difference between  grasses and broadleaf plants.

       12.     Classify  plants as annuals,  biennials,  or perennials.

       13.     List main  causes of plant  diseases.

       14.     Classify  causes  of  plant  diseases as parasitic  or nonparasitic.

       15.     List symptoms  of plant  diseases.

       16.     Describe symptoms of nematode  damage.

       17.     Name sources for  aid in identifying  pests.

       18.     Interpret pesticide  labels  correctly  when given questions concerning pests.
                                          15

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                                 PESTS
                                 UNIT II
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


    Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with  objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with  information and assignment  sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss  terminal and  specific objectives.

    E.   Discuss  information and  assignment  sheets.

    F.   Have the student carry out one or  all of the following activities:

         1.    Find out the names  of the common  insect pests on your farm. Which
              kind of  life  cycle do they have? In what stage  of development are
              they a  problem?  How  do  they damage your crops or livestock?

         2.    Find  out the names of the common weed pests  on your  farm or in
              your  area. Are they grasses or  broadleaf weeds? Are they annuals,
              biennials, or perennials?

         3.    Find  out the kinds  of plant diseases on  your farm or  in your area.
              Are they parasitic or nonparasitic?  Find out what is causing them,
              such as  fungus, bacteria, nematodes, drought, or air pollution. What
              kinds of  damage  do they  cause on your crop?

         4.    Start a collection of  insects and related pests, plant diseases, and weeds
              which  are common  in your area. Be sure they are properly identified
              and labeled.

    G.   Give test.

    Student:

    A.   Read objective sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet  and take notes.

    C.   Complete assignment  sheet.

    D.   Take test.
                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
 I.  Objective  sheet

II.  Information sheet
                                    17

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 III.   Transparency masters



      A.  TM  1--Insect Damage



      B.  TM  2-Adult Insects



      C.  TM  3--Wings and Mouthparts



      D.  TM  4--Four Stage Life  Cycle



      E.  TM  5--Three Stage  Life Cycle



      F.  TM  6-Mite, Tick, and Spider



      G.  TM  7--Vertebrate Pest Animals



      H.  TM  8-Grasses and  Broadleaf Plants



      I.   TM  9--Annuals,  Biennials, and Perennials



      J.   TM  10--Parasiti.c Causes



      K.  TM  11--Nematode Damage



      L.  TM  12-Symptoms of Diseases



 IV.   Assignment Sheet #1-Interpret Pesticide  Labels



  V.   Answers  to  assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers  to  test
                                     18

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                                PESTS
                                UNIT II
                        INFORMATION SHEET


I.  Terms and definitions

   A.   Organ ism--Any  living thing

   B.   Pest-Unwanted organism

   C.   Vertebrate-Animal with  a  bony spinal  column

   D.   Insect-Small  invertebrate animal with three body  regions and six jointed
        legs; may have two, four,  or no wings

   E.   Mite, tick, and spider-Animals closely related to insects but with two body
        regions, eight jointed legs,  and no  wings

   F.   Plant  disease-Harmful  condition which  affects plant  life

   G.   Nematode-Small roundworm that  feeds  on or in  plants  and animals

   H.   Parasite-Organism  that lives  and feeds  in or  on another  organism

   I.   Life cycle-Stages  in the life development of  organisms

   J.   Larva-Immature stage of an  insect that does not look like an adult insect

   K.   Pupa-Nonfeeding,  usually immobile stage of an insect before  becoming an
        adult

   L.   Nymph-Immature  stage of  an insect that looks similar to an adult insect

   M.   Fungus-Small plant which causes rot, mold, and other plant diseases (plural,
        fungi)

   N.   Bacterium-One-celled microorganism  which causes wilts, cankers, and other
        plant  diseases (plural,  bacteria)

   O.   Plant  disease  symptom or sign-Signal that something  is wrong in a plant,
        such as change in growth  habits

   P.   Annual-Plant that  grows from seed, produces seed the same year, and then
        dies

   Q.   Perennial-Plant that normally lives for  more  than two years

   R.   Biennial-Plant that grows two years, produces seed,  and  then dies
                                   19

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
 II.  Main  groups of pests
     A.   I nsects
     B.   Mites, ticks, and  spiders
     C.   Plant  diseases
     D.   Nematodes
     E.   Vertebrate  animals
     F.   Weeds
III.  Ways insects may damage crops (Transparency 1)
     A.   Feed  on foliage,  seeds, fruits, and  other plant parts
     B.   Tunnel  or  bore  into  stems, stalks,  and branches
     C.   Feed  on and tunnel  in roots
     D.   Suck  the sap from leaves, stems, and branches
     E.   Carry plant disease agents
          (NOTE: Injury  caused by insects, plant diseases, and other pests are often
          confused.  Consult a local expert.)
IV.  Ways insects affect  livestock  and man
     A.   Blood sucking
          Examples:     Flies and  lice
     B.   Direct attack and spread of disease organisms
          Examples:     Mosquitoes  carry  malaria;  ticks carry  Rocky  Mountain
                        spotted fever
     C.   Living on or in the animal
          Examples:     Screwworms and  cattle grubs
     D.   Contaminating agricultural products
          Examples:     Granary weevil  in grain  bins; flour moths  in cereals
 V.  Identifying characteristics  common to all  adult insects (Transparency 2)
     A.   Six jointed  legs
     B.   Three body regions
          (NOTE: The body consists of the  head, abdomen, and thorax.)
                                     20

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


 VI.   Characteristics  which distinguish one insect  from another (Transparency 3)

       A.   Wings

           (NOTE: Some insects have no wings; others have two or four. The wings
           vary in shape,  size,  thickness, and  structure.)

       B.   Mouthparts

           (NOTE: Insects with chewing mouthparts have toothed jaws that bite and
           tear the food. Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts have tube-like beaks
           which  they  force  into a plant or animal to suck  out fluids or blood.)

 VII.   Four stage  life cycle of  insects  (Transparency 4)

       A.   Egg

       B.   Larva

           (NOTE: The larva is sometimes called  a worm or looper.)

       C.   Pupa

       D.   Adult

VIII.   Three  stage  life  cycle of insects  (Transparency 5)

       A.   Egg

       B.   Nymph

           (NOTE: The nymph, which  looks like  a tiny adult,  goes through several
           stages  in  its development.)

       C.   Adult

 IX.   Identifying  characteristics of  mites, ticks, and spiders  (Transparency 6)

       A.   Eight jointed legs

       B.   Two body  regions

       C.   No wings

  X.   Vertebrate pest animals (Transparency  7)

       (NOTE: Many  vertebrate animals which normally are harmless and  desirable can
       become pests  if   they  interfere with or  move into an  area  where crops and
       livestock are being produced.)
                                      21

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
      A.  Birds

          Example:

      B.  Mammals
Starling
          Example:     Rodent

      C.  Fish

          Example:     Carp

      D.  Reptiles

          Example:     Snake

      E.  Amphibians

          Example:     Salamander

 XI.   Difference between grasses and broadleaf plants (Transparency  8)

      (NOTE: These  plants may be annual,  perennial, or biennial.)

      A.  Grasses have long narrow leaves and  parallel veins

      B.  Broadleaf plants  have wide, flat leaves and netted veins

XII.   Examples  of annuals, biennials, and perennials  (Transparency 9)

      (NOTE: Knowing  the life cycle of the weeds  to be  controlled is helpful  in
      choosing the best  herbicide for the job.)

      A.  Summer annuals-Crabgrass, foxtail

          (NOTE: Summer annuals sprout from seed in spring and die before winter.)

      B.  Winter  annuals-Henbit, annual bluegrass

          (NOTE: Winter annuals sprout from seed in the fall and die before summer.)

      C.  Biennials-Mullein, burdock, carrot

      D.  Perennials-Johnson grass, dandelions
                                     22

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


XIII.   Main causes of plant diseases

       (NOTE: When you find a plant disease problem, you must determine the cause
       before  choosing a control method. Nonparasitic plant diseases have very similar
       symptoms to parasitic plant  diseases.)

       A.   Nonparasitic

           (NOTE:  The disease is caused by  nonliving agents or materials and cannot
           be passed  from  plant to  plant.  The causes cannot be controlled  with
           pesticides.)

       B.   Parasitic

           (NOTE:  The disease is caused by living organisms and may be passed  from
           plant to plant. Usually the farmer can control these by using resistant plants,
           pesticide chemicals, or  other pest management practices.)

XIV.   Nonparasitic and  parasitic causes of plant diseases

       A.   Nonparasitic  causes

               1.    Air pollution

                    Example:      Automobile exhausts

              2.    Climate

                    Examples:     Drought,  frost

              3.    Chemicals

                    Example:      Fertilizer  burn

              4.    Culture

                    Example:      Injury by machinery

       B.   Parasitic causes

               1.    Fungi  (Transparency 10)

                    Examples:     Root rots, scabs,  smut

              2.    Bacteria (Transparency  10)

                    Example:      Leaf spots, wilts,  cankers
                                      23

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                            INFORMATION SHEET






               3.     Viruses



                     Example:     Mosaics,  streaks



               4.     Nematodes (Transparency 11)



                     Example:     Root knot nematode



  XV.  Symptoms  of plant  diseases (Transparency 12)



       A.   Decaying or rotting



       B.   Abnormal growth



            Examples:    Galls, swelling, leaf curls



       C.   Underdevelopment or  stunting



       D.   Wilting



       E.   Discoloration



 XVI.  Symptoms  of nematode damage  (Transparency 11)



       A.   Similar to plant disease symptoms  on plant parts above ground



       B.   Swollen and misshapen roots and sometimes galls



XVII.  Sources for aid  in identifying pests



       A.   Vocational agriculture instructor



       B.   County  extension agent



       C.   Pesticide dealer  or representative



       D.   Land  grant or other universities
                                      24

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                                TM 1
 Insect  Damage
Locebug
           Root Feeding
           White Grub
          25

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                          Adult  Insects
 NJ
3-
 f s
 (0 r*.
 

O ^ ff 55 I ' ^ 3, 'iff 5 Abdomen H N)


-------
                     Wings and Mouth parts
                      Two Wings
Ni
CD
        Chewing
      (Grasshopper)
        Sucking
       (Mosquito)
      Four Wings
              Wings
Mouthparts
                                                                     H
                                                                     S

                                                                     CO

-------
                    Four Stage  Life Cycle
              Larva
CO
                                     Adult

-------
            Three Stage Life Cycle
Nymph
Nymph
                               Adult
                                                        Ol

-------
                  Mite, Tick, and Spider
W
01
                                                          en

-------
                 Vertebrate Pest Animals
CO
                                                        2
                                                        >J

-------
Grasses and Broadleaf Plants
        Grass
                 Broadleaf
                   Plant
                                             H


                                             CXI

-------
         Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
Winter Annual
  (Henbit)
               Summer Annual
                 (Crabgrass)
Biennial
(Mullein)
   Perennial
(Johnson Grass)
                                                                   (O

-------
      Parasitic  Causes
Bacteria
(Leaf Spot)
Fungi
(Smut)

-------
                     Nematode Damage
Ol
                            Nematode
          Actual Length Equals 1/50 to 1/25 Inch
                                          Root
                                          Galls

-------
                             TM 12
Symptoms of Diseases
     Knots
               Rot
           47

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                                      PESTS
                                     UNIT  II
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET PESTICIDE  LABELS


Read  the  labels  provided  on the following  pages and. answer the questions below.

   1.     Using the De  Metho  label, answer the  following questions.

         a.    What type  of pests does this pesticide control?
         b.   When the label refers to armyworms or cabbage loopers, to what stage of
             the  insect's life cycle  is it referring?
   2.     Using the No-Disease label,  answer the following questions.

         a.    What type of pests does this  pesticide  control?
         b.   Are the diseases which this pesticide controls parasitic or nonparasitic?
   3.     Using the Anti-Weed  label, answer  the  following questions.

         a.    What type of pests does this  pesticide  control?
         b.    Is it  used  to  control grasses  or  broadleaf weeds?
         c.   Does it control annuals,  biennials, or perennials when used on  corn?
                                        49

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01
o
      PRECAUTIONARY

        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
Polwnewt by .»M»flo>wing or Inhalation.
Do not breath* (pray mitt. Do not (r*t In
•Vff. Avoid contact with tkl". UM Only
whan  M«artng tha following proiacttva
aaulpmant  and elothino. W*ar tightly-
wovan  cotton ovaralU. watarproof hat.
unlinad naoprana giovn and boon. Waar
•afaty googiai and/or faca thlaid. W*ar a
math or ratpirator Jointly  aPP'Ovad by
tha  Mining Enfofcamant  and  Safaiy
Adminiitration and by tha National
Inttitut* *or Occupational Safaty and
Haa'lh. Bafora famoving glov**, twath
than< with datargant and watar. Altwayt
wairi hano*. faca and armi with datar-
gant and watar bafora imoking, aating
or  drinking. For  amargancy aiilttant^a.
can 000 000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN De Wei ho it • rvwwtibla
chelinattarat*  inhibitor.  Oo not  uw
o».mM tuch a» 2 PAM. Civ* Atropina 2
mg. in,ravanou»ly of tubcutanaoutly.  If
in «y*. In.till ona drop of HOmairopin*.
Clot* (up*rvinon  ot th» patiant it indi-
catad lor at  dumping n rxohlbitad. OlSPOS-
                                        AL-Pattlcida. apray mUtura. Of rintata
                                        ttul cannot tM utad or cnamkally rapro-
                                        c*a»*d ..HouW b« ditpotad of In • .•nd'lll
                                        aoprowad for pMtictdM or bwriad  In a
                                        •afa ptaca *wav  from  watar tuppiia*.
                                        Contalnari should b« vipl* 'In tad and
                                        offarad for racy cling, racondltionint. Of
                                        dliooaad In approved landfill or burled In
                                        a aafa ptaca.
                                        Conauli  'atfaral. Stata or locat OlapOMl
                                        awtttorlttaa for approval altarnata proca-
                                                                                               RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                                  FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                                 CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                                 DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                        METHO
                                                                                                           Emulsifiable  Concentrate
                                                                                                                             'v\ V ^   >v
                                                                                                                          y'  METWO^yL -\
      ACTIVE INGREDI
      INERT INGRJtOVEItS:
      TOTAL:     .«••
                                                                                                    *\  Net Content:  50 gallons
                                                                                                            b0Nt*fflS/V8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
                                                                                                                        TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
jKEepJ.U.fT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
           DANGER  -   POISON
      DIRECTIONS FOR-USE

          CONTINUED

      SPRAY PREPARATION

•Ul am lank « to » Ml X water. Add Oe
Matho eVeclrv to spray tan* and mla Otor*

do not yaa ak agnation.

         APPLICATION

Apply at DM tofommenrtld rasa) who* IMaM
tint eppear. Unlaaa ottterwiae noted, continue
applicMloite et ft- to 7-oay Intanali o> m
needed. Uaa sufficient water (US fall  per
acre oy e»l to one* Unroot*, uniform co*
arege. Apply  the low rates on  email planu.
email worms and lioni Infestations of Intacta.
UM intermediate ratal on largar worm and
heavier infestation! ot Insects, ua* t to J ap>
pMatioM ot the Kighaal racornmandad rale
lor controlling answe Mfelulionl. TIHvtahar.
use Ida towett rate poiar&le to memtaMi con-
trol.

       NOTICE TO BUYER

Samv werrarm dial gtla pradian cwtOriM to
ine efcemltel oMctsptloii on Die lew tnerapf
md la niionailli 111 for purpoaaa  nattd on
exit Mai only wtten uaad in accordance win
                                                                                                                                                                                  uci eontrary to tab*' u
not rawonac-li tnreiaaahaa to seller: buyer •»•
swfflaa all risk of any men waa. Saner makaa no
other warrantiaa. aaprfai or unpliod.

•urdvae of tuia material ooaa not confer any
nghts under patann of countriaa outtldl of
the United State*.

         CROP USAGE
                                                               STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                    IF INHALED • Remove to Iresh eir. Call a physician immediately.
                                                    IF IN EYES • Flush eves  with plenty ot water tor at least 15 minut
                                                       physician immediately.

                                                       mash skin wi'h soap and water.

                                                                 SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                    PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                       MFG  BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                    PEST TOWN. VERMONT
                                                              ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                              EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

                                                                                                                                                                           P*. Con ttHMrm,
                                                                                                                                                                                                  IA*T AtWUCATION O*VI
                                                                                                                                                                                                          ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                       CM.UINO/MIDIMO
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-------
                                          DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                              PECANS: PKM Sub, Brawn Uiftpot, Downy Spot, fewwuy MMl
(Jl
                     No-Disease  Benomyl Fungicide  should b*  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or m separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Oisease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (e'adicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease at recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough co.erage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 on1)). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate r.nd shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate tor targe mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or  mechanical means; continuous  agitation is required  to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
 fate. Bordeaux  mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to 1' ? Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Appty 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or equivalent  amount  of No-Disease  per acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples). Powdery Miktew. Sooty Blotch. Ftytpeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per  100
 gals, at ' i" green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. It an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible alter  the infection period tn order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection.  With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse effects  on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and  color are of
 primary importance, do not use more than 4  oz  per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp., Pentcillium »p., Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6oz. per 100 gals. 1  to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz.  per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough  wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinij). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply p, to 2
 lov per acre  at  25°b to  50%  bloom: repeat at peak bloom. Do not  apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or teed treated bean vines or hay  to livestock.
 CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS. MELONS.  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew.  Anthracnose
 -Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to  run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAM!A NUTS  (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply  \>t  Ibs.
 per acre:  a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of  foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7 to  14-day inter-
 vals through  the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracrwse-Apply  1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 'irst appearance  of panties (appro*. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until alt
 fruits are set. Contin je at 3- to 4>week intervals. Do not appry within 14  days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Vertkillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of 12V? gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply  immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if  disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter pickingand repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days  of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat  at 14- to 21 •
day intervals as  needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                CONHNUC9 ON mftNT PAML
                                                                                                      NO-DISEIISE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                   Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl l-(butykarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecarbamate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u.i. r.ti i.wi.iii I i.iii.in    EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                      '50%
                    .  50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                                Keep out of reach  of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                           Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from tire or sparks.

                                                                                           In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of  water: for eyes, get medical
                                                                                           attention.
                                                                                           IMPORTANT—Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                           to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                           cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container; crush and
                                                                                           bury when empty.
                                                                                           This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds.  Do not apply
                                                                                           when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                           by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50  LBS.
                                                                                            8.21150  8-73*                                 Made in U.S.*.  Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical  City, West  Virginia
l/i to 1 lb. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tell. A surfactant may to
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepoMfnatton wtian
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at $• to4>
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (TMetevtopsl* paradoxa>-Use Itt fee. per
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS—APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Appry 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acn
with  hydraulic  ground equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Oisease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 lb. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use Vt
lb. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications ofVj ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.       '
Postharvest  Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use 'Alb.per 100 gals. No-Diseasedoej not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and Altemiria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytii), Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight. Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full  bloom: continue at
10- to  14-day intervals, using vt ib.  per acre. Anthracnose—Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at  7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz.  per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocyvtfs paradoxa)-Appfy
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow  to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20  to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew,  Black  Spot):  FLOWERS. ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytls Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse—Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curatrve action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tulip. Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris); Fusarium and PankHum
Rots-Use 1  ^ Ibs. per 100 gats, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm  dip (80 to 85°F.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after but»
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE  TO BUYER-Seller  warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label us*
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all  risk of any such use. Setter makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents of countrtea
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       CO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       CO
                                                                                                           CO
                                                                                                           I
                                                                                                           m
                                                                                                           m
                                                                                                           H

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             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
         Anti-Weed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
              4-Ethylamino-6-
              isopropylamino-
              s-triazine . . . 20.0%

              Inert Ingredients:  80.0%
              Total:
                      100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning:

Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
            EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
            EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                KILL-DUD
                Chemical Company
                 Chemical City, West Virginia
                   52

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                                         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Ol Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the  manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.

Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in  a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches      x Recommended _  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate     for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory     Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

  Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                  Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt ' *
15lbs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areasthe spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock lor 21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           53

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                                  PESTS
                                 UNIT II
                   ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET
1.     a.   Insects

      b.   Larva

2.     a.   Plant diseases  (fungi)

      b.   Parasitic

3.     a.   Weeds

      b.   Both

      c.   Annuals
                                    55

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                                   PESTS
                                   UNIT II
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions. (Definitions are continued
      on  the  following  page.)
            a. Any living thing
            b.  Harmful condition which  affects plant
                life

            c.  Unwanted  organism

            d.  Organism that lives and feeds in or on
                another  organism

            e.  Small  invertebrate  animal with  three
                body regions  and six jointed legs;  may
                have two,  four,  or  no wings

            f.  One-celled  microorganism  which causes
                wilts, cankers, and other plant diseases

            _g.  Immature  stage of an  insect that  does
                not  look like an adult  insect

            h.  Immature  stage of an insect that looks
                similar  to  an  adult  insect

            _i.  Small  roundworm that  feeds  on or in
                plants  and animals

            j.  Signal  that something  is wrong  in  a
                plant,  such as change in growth habits

            _k.  Plant that grows two  years,  produces
                seed, and  then  dies

            J.  Stages  in   the  life  development  of
                organisms

            m. Nonfeeding,  usually immobile stage of
                an insect before becoming an adult

            n.  Animals closely  related to insects  but
                with  two  body regions,  eight jointed
                legs, and no  wings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Pest
I nsect
Mite, tick,
and spider
Plant
disease
Nematode
Parasite
Life cycle
Larva
Pupa
Nymph
Organism
Fungus
Bacterium
Annual
Plant disease
symptom or
sign
Vertebrate
Perennial
Biennial
                                      57

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      	o.  Plant  that normally lives for more than
                two years

      	p.  Small  plant which causes rot, mold, and
                other  plant  diseases

      	q.  Animal  with a bony  spinal column

      	r.  Plant  that  grows from seed, produces
                seed  the same year, and  then dies

2.     List three main groups of pests.

      a.

       b.

      c.

3.     List three ways insects may  damage crops.

      a..

       b.

      c.

4.     List two ways  insects affect livestock  and  man.

      a.

       b.

5.     Name two  identifying characteristics common to all adult insects.

      a.

       b.

6.     Name two  characteristics which aid in  distinguishing one insect from another.

       a.

       b.
                                      58

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   7.     Identify  the four stage life cycle of insects  by writing the correct names in
          the blanks provided.
  b.
   8.     Identify the  three stage life cycle  of  insects by  writing the correct names in
          the  blanks provided.
b.
                                          59

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 9.     Name three  identifying characteristics of mites, ticks, and  spiders.

        a.

        b.

        c.

10.     List  three  vertebrate pest animals.

        a.

        b.

        c.

11.     State the difference  between  grasses and broadleaf plants.
12.     Classify the following plants as annuals (A), biennials (B), or perennials (P) by
        placing  an "A", B", or  "P" in front of each  plant  name.

        	a.  Foxtail

        	b.  Mullein

        	c.  Henbit

        	d.  Johnson  grass
13.     List  two  main causes  of  plant  diseases.

        a.

        b.

14.     Classify the  following  causes  of plant  diseases as parasitic (P) or nonparasitic
        (N)  by placing  a "P"  or "N" in front of each cause.

        	a.  Air pollution

        	b.  Chemicals

        	c.  Bacteria

        	d.  Fungi
                                         60

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15.    List four symptoms of plant diseases.



       a.



       b.



       c.



       d.



16.    Describe symptoms of  nematode damage.
17.    Name  four  sources for aid in  identifying  pests.



       a.



       b.



       c.



       d.



18.    Interpret  the  label on the following page to answer the questions below.



       a.   What type of pests does  this pesticide control?








       b.   When applied at 5# per acre, what types of weeds will this pesticide control?
                                      61

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       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (CAUTION)

Harmful if w* all owed. Avoid application
directly to humans. Care should be taken
to avoid Inhalation of dutt or spray mist,
or prolonged contact with skin. In case
of contact,  immediately  flush eyes or
skin with  large amount* of water. Get
medical attention if irritation persists.
Wear safety  QOflgle* or  face shield when
handling.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Keep out of lakes, stream*, or ponds. Do
not apply whan weather conditions favor
drift from target area.
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

It is a violation of Federal low to use this
product in a manner inconsistent with its
labeling.
   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

Do not contaminate water, food or feed
by storage or disposal. Open dumping is
prohibited. Pesticide, spray mixture, or
rinute that cannot'be uMd or chemically
reprocessed should be disposed of in a
landfill approved for pesticides or burled
in a safe place away from water supplies.
Containers should be disposed of in an
incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
cide containers, or buried in e safe place.
Consult Federal, State, or local disposal
authorities for approved alternate proce-
dures such as limited open burning.
                             WEED^i
                         HERBICIDE
                    WETTABLE POWDER
                                                        ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                        INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                        TOTAL:
                                                                                                 tri-azoic acid
                                                         80.0%
                                                         20.0%
                                                        100.0%
KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                    CAUTION

           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF SWALLOWED Indue* vomiting
      IF INHALED Remove to frosh air.
      IF IN EVES Flush ayes with plenty of water
      IF ON SK IN Remove clothing and wath with detergent and wati
                                                                         MFC BY  A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                               Aster, Minnesota

                                                                  EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-l
                                                                    EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE
            CONTINUED

DeW«ed Is for waad control In certain crops,
ornamental plantings,  on industrial sites, and
around-the-farm.  It should ba applied before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It controls e  wide variety of annual
broad leaf  and grass weeds when used at selec-
tive rates  in agricultural crops and ornamental
plantings.  Whan used  at higher, non-selective
rates in non crop erees. It also controls many
perennial broedleaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION; Use convemlonel
spray  equipment  with 80* flat-tan noiilei,
Screens in spray system should ba no finer
then 50 mesh. Use e  pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40 psi at noiiles. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mining and ap-
plication  to maintain a uniform suspension.
Aerial application:  Use only  where  specified
in the use  directions.

BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERRIES (black-
berries, boysenberrles, loganberries, raspber-
ries) -Quackgrats. Apply S tbs per acre in the
fall or split the application applying 2H Ibs
per acre in the fall plus 2H Ibi per acre in the
spring, whan  quackgrass is growing. Do not
apply whan fruit is present.
ALFALFA-Pure alfalfa tats than one year
old  (Northeastern U.S. only)-Henbit, wild
mustard, chickweed, alyssum, downy brome,
wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before June 1 ) may
be treated in the fall after the last cutting but
before troren ground conditions. Apply 1 Ib.
Of OeWeed per ecre. For ground  •pplicatlon
apply in a minimum of 2V1 gals, ot water per
acre.

GRASSES   GROWN  FOR SEED  (Pacific
Northwest   only).  Perennial  ryegras*.  tell
fescue and fine fetcuet, such as Pannlawn,
Chewing*, Raniar, and related species. Control
of broadleaf weeds and annual gras*es includ-
ing annual  ryegrass, rattail fescue, silver hair-
grass and downy broma.  Apply 2H  Ibs of
OeWeed in a minimum of IS gals  of water
per acre as soon as fall rains start.  Apply only
to grasses from which at least one seed crop
WEED  CONTROL  on industrial sites, high.
way medians, and shoulders, railroad rights-of
way. lumber yards, and in non-crop areas on
farms such as  around buildings, fuel storage
areas, along  fences,  roadsides, and lanes.
Aerial application may ba mede where it is
feasible. Use at least 1 gal of water tor each 1
Ib. of OeWeed:  use more water if  practical
for  both ground end aerial  application. To
control annual broadleaf and  grass weeds (in-
cluding  barnyerd  grass,  cheat,  crebgrass,
lambaQuarters. foxteil. ragweed, puncturevlna
and mullein), apply 6-12H Ibs. per  acre. To
control  most  annual  and many  perennial
broedleaf and  grass weeds (including quack-
grass,  bluegress,  redtop,  burdock,  Canada
thistle, orcherdgrass, dogfennel, end plan tain I,
apply 12H-25  Ibs. per ecre. To control herd-
to-kill perennial weeds (including bull thistle
and sow thistle), apply 29-50 Ibs, per ecra.
                                                                          NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                                    PESTS
                                   UNIT  II
                             ANSWERS TO TEST


1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
11
4
1
6
2
13
9-
h.
i.
j-
k.
I.
8
10
5
15
18
7
m.
n.
0.
P-
q-
r.
9
3
17
12
16
14
2.    Any  three of the following:

      a.   I nsects

      b.   Mites,  ticks,  and spiders

      c.   Plant diseases

      d.   Nematodes

      e.   Vertebrate  animals

      f.   Weeds

3.    Any  three of the following:

      a.   Feed on foliage, seeds, fruits,  and other plant parts

      b.   Tunnel  or  bore into  stems, stalks, and  branches

      c.   Feed on and tunnel  in roots

      d.   Suck the sap from leaves, stems, and branches

      e.   Carry plant disease agents

4.    Any  two of the following:

      a.   Blood  sucking

      b.   Direct  attack and spread  of disease organisms

      c.   Living  on or in the animal

      d.   Contaminating  agricultural  products
                                      63

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 5.     a.   Six jointed  legs
       b.   Three body regions
 6.     a.   Wings
       b.   Mouthparts
 7.     a.   Egg
       b.   Larva
       c.   Pupa
       d.   Adult
 8.     a.   Egg
       b.   Nymph
       c.   Nymph
       d.   Adult
 9.     a.   Eight jointed  legs
       b.   Two body regions
       c.   No wings
10.     Any three of  the  following:
       a.   Birds
       b.   Mammals
       c.   Fish
       d.   Reptiles
       e.   Amphibians
11.     a.   Grasses have  long  narrow leaves and  parallel veins
       b.   Broadleaf plants have wide, flat leaves  and netted  veins
12.     a.   A            c.   A
       b.   B            d.   P
13.     a.   Nonparasitic
       b.   Parasitic
                                        64

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14.    a.   N             c.   P




       b.   N             d.   P



15.    Any four of the  following:




       a.   Decaying or  rotting




       b.   Abnormal growth




       c.   Underdevelopment or stunting




       d.   Wilting




       e.   Discoloration




16.    Description  should include:




       a.   Similar to  plant disease  symptoms on  plant  parts above ground




       b.   Swollen and  misshapen roots and sometimes galls




17.    a.   Vocational  agriculture instructor




       b.   County extension  agent




       c.   Pesticide dealer  or representative




       d.   Land  grant or other  universities




18.    a.   Weeds




       b.   Annual  broadleaf  and grass weeds
                                       65

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                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                      UNIT III
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should  be able to discuss reasons for protecting
the environment, select from  a list the ways  pesticides aid in making the environment
better,  and  interpret  pesticide labels.  This  knowledge  will  be  evidenced  through
demonstration and  by scoring  eighty-five percent on  the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion of this unit, the student should  be able  to:

        1.     Match terms associated with pesticides and environmental protection to the
              correct definitions.

        2.     List  resources necessary  for man  to  exist.

        3.     Discuss  in  a  short  paragraph the reasons for  protecting the environment.

        4.     Select from a list ways  pesticides  help the  environment.

        5.     List  ways  improper use  of pesticides can  harm  the environment.

        6.     Explain  in a short paragraph how pesticides  may disrupt the food chain
              or food web.

        7.     Match the  classifications  of pesticides according to buildup to the correct
              definitions.

        8.     List  things the applicator must consider before applying a pesticide on or
              near desirable plants and animals.

        9.     Name the  major ways by which  pesticides accumulate.

       10.     List  means by which pesticides pollute  streams, ponds, and water systems.

       11.     Discuss in a short paragraph ways pesticides may aid  the target pest instead
              of controlling it.

       12.     Interpret pesticide labels correctly when given questions on environmental
              protection  and labels.
                                        67

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                    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                UNIT III
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

     A.  Provide student  with  objective sheet.

     B.  Provide student  with  information and assignment sheets.

     C.  Make transparencies.

     D.  Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

     E.  Discuss information and  assignment sheets.

         (NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using
         labels common to the community.)

     F.  Ask students to clip magazine and newspaper articles which demonstrate
         ways that pesticides improve the environment and to list other ways.

     G.  Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.  Read the  objective sheet.

     B.  Read and study information  sheet.

     C.  Complete  assignment  sheets.

     D.  Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.  TM  1-Food Chain  or  Food Web

     B.  TM  2-First  Overlay

     C.  TM  3--Second Overlay
                                   69

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     D.     TM 4-Third Overlay

     E.     TM 5--Accumulation of Pesticides

     F.     TM 6--First Overlay

     G.     TM 7-Second Overlay

     H.     TM 8--Pollution by Pesticides

IV.   Assignment sheets

     A.     Assignment Sheet #1~Draw  a  Food Chain or  Food Web Using  Farm
            Animals

     B.     Assignment Sheet #2--lnterpret Pesticide Labels

 V.   Answers to assignment sheets
                                   70

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                     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                 UNIT III
                          INFORMATION  SHEET


 I.   Terms  and definitions

     A.   Environment-Surroundings such as water,  air, soil,  plants,  and animals

     B.   Ecology-Study  of the relationship  between  a plant  or animal and its
          surroundings

     C.   Food chain or food  web-Way of describing  how all  animals depend on
          others for food

          (NOTE:  It is the  relationship among plants, plant-eaters, and meat-eaters.)

     D.   Phytotoxicity-Causing injury  to plant life; poisonous  to plant  life

     E.   Vaporization-Process  of becoming a  gas

     F.   Drift-Movement  of pesticide droplets or particles by  wind and air currents

     G.   Target-Area, building, plant,  animal,  or pest  intended  to be treated with
          pesticide

     H.   Residue-Amount  of  pesticide that remains on or in a crop or animal or
          on a surface following application

 II.   Resources necessary  for man to  exist

     (NOTE: The  surroundings in  which man lives and  the resources he depends on
     make up  his  environment.)

     A.   Place to  live

     B.   Clean water

     C.   Clean air

     D.   Food

     E.   Clean soil

III.   Reasons for protecting the environment

     A.   Clean water is essential  for  man and animal

     B.   Clean soil is necessary to  grow crops

     C.   Clean air to breathe  is  essential
                                    71

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


     D.   Bees and  other pollinators  must be  protected

     E.   Wildlife is essential  for a balance of  nature

     F.   Recreational  areas are desirable for man

IV.  Ways pesticides help environment

     A.   Control pests

     B.   Enable more food  to be produced  on same  area

     C.   Control plant diseases, parasites, and  insects

     D.   Control animal  diseases, parasites, and insects

     E.   Preserve outdoor activities

 V.  Ways improper use  of pesticides harm the environment

     A.   Cause  nature imbalance

     B.   Pollute streams and water  supply

     C.   Pollute crops

     D.   Pollute soil

     E.   Injure  desirable plants

     F.   Residue in meat animals

VI.  How pesticides may disrupt  a   food  chain or  food  web  (Transparency  1,
     Assignment Sheet #1)

     A.   Each  animal  has a place in  a food chain or food web, depending on the
          type of food it  eats

             1.      Animals that eat  only plants are on  the lowest  level

             2.      Animals which eat plants and animals, including insects, are on
                    the next level

             3.      Animals that eat  only meat are on the  top level

     B.   Meat eaters may be harmed  by pesticides by eating other animals that have
          accumulated  pesticides in their bodies

          (NOTE: Animals do not have to directly contact the pesticide  spray  or
          application for  it to cause  harm.)

     C.   When plants or animals, including insects, in the  lower  level of a food chain
          or food web are  killed  by  pesticides, animals  in levels above them may
          starve
                                    72

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


 VII.   Classifications of pesticides according to buildup

       A.  Accumulative-Pesticide that can collect  and build up in the body of an
           animal or plant when the animal  or plant is  repeatedly exposed

           (NOTE:  This  pesticide does not readily break down;  it may build up  in
           an animal's  body  until  it  becomes harmful.)

       B.  Nonaccumulative-Pesticide that does not collect and build up in the body
           of an animal or plant even when the animal or  plant is repeatedly exposed

           (NOTE:  This  chemical may or  may not break down rapidly into other
           relatively harmless materials.)

       C.  Persistent-Pesticide that stays  in the environment  for a rather long  period
           of time

           (NOTE:  This chemical does not necessarily build up but can be  harmful.
           For  example,  atrazine in  the  soil  does not harm  animals or wildlife but
           does restrict growth of certain  plants for a long  time after application.)

       D.  Nonpersistent-Pesticide that does  not stay in the  environment for  a long
           period of time

           (NOTE:  This  chemical breaks down into  relatively harmless materials.)

VIII.   Things applicator must consider before applying pesticide on  or  near  desirable
       plants and animals

       A.  Type of pesticide

           (NOTE:  Herbicides may  be especially hazardous to desirable  plants.)

       B.  Movement

           (NOTE:  Movement  may  include  drift,  runoff,  erosion,  leaching,  and
           vaporization.)

       C.  Weather  conditions

           (NOTE:  Weather conditions may include soil  moisture, rain, humidity,
           temperature, and light.)

       D.  Form of pesticide

           (NOTE: Granules and low pressure sprays are less likely to move off target
           than dusts  and  high  pressure  sprays.)

       E.  Proper dosage

           (NOTE:  Overdosing may cause phytotoxicity even when proper doses will
           not.)
                                     73

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET
     F.   Persistence
          (NOTE:  Persistent pesticides may affect future  plants to be grown in that
          area.)

     G.   Type of pesticide used previously  in the sprayer

          (NOTE:  Even very  small  amounts  of some herbicides which  may remain
          in the sprayer can  cause  phytotoxicity on  sensitive plants.)

          (CAUTION:  Before applying any  pesticide, READ  THE  LABEL  AND
          FOLLOW  DIRECTIONS.)

IX.  Major ways  pesticides accumulate (Transparencies 2, 3, 4, and 5)

     A.   Through a food  chain  when  animals eat plants or other animals

     B.   By building up to high levels over a period of time when taken in directly
          and  stored  in the animal

 X.  Means by which  pesticides  pollute   streams,  ponds,  and  water systems
     (Transparencies 6, 7,  and 8)

     A.   Overdose and overuse

     B.   Runoff by  irrigation

     C.   Runoff caused by  rain

     D.   Drift and  vaporization

     E.   Carelessness

     F.   Improper disposal of containers

     G.   Improper disposal of unused chemicals

XI.  Ways pesticide  may  aid  target  pest instead  of controlling it

     A.   Death of natural enemy

     B.   Resistance to chemical
                                   74

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               Food Chain or Food Web
CJI

-------
                First Overlay
Pesticide on Fruit
                                                             H
                                                             ^
                                                             Ni

-------
                        Second Overlay
CO
            Weeks Later - Residue

-------
                             Third Overlay
00
              Months Later -
                Possible Toxic Amount

-------
                   Accumulation of Pesticides
00
u
          Pesticide on Fruit Trees
                                                                  H

                                                                  2

                                                                  01

-------
                         First Overlay
00
Ol

-------
                    Second Overlay
00

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00
tO
                    Pollution by Pesticides
                                                                00

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                                   UNIT III
             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--DRAW A  FOOD CHAIN OR
                     FOOD WEB USING FARM ANIMALS
Draw  a  food chain or food web using crops such as hay, forage, or grain and animals
such as  cattle,  calves, sheep, poultry,  hogs,  and goats.
                                     91

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                    UNIT III
           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #2--INTERPRET PESTICIDE  LABELS
Read  the  labels provided on  the following pages  and answer the questions below.

(NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using labels common
to the community.)

   1.     Using the De  Metho label, answer the questions below.

         a.    Is there  a potential  problem if  De Metho  is the  choice of pesticide and
              your farm is next to a  bird sanctuary  or  wildlife refuge? Explain your
              answer.
         b.  Would De Metho be a good choice of pesticide if your crops were in full
             bloom? Explain your answer.
   2.     Using the Anti-Weed label, answer the questions below.

         a.    Is there  a  potential  problem if  Anti-Weed is the choice of pesticide  and
              your farm  is next to a  bird sanctuary  or wildlife refuge? Explain your
              answer.
                                       93

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      b.   Would Anti-Weed be a good  choice of pesticide if your crops were next
           to sensitive plants  such  as  flowers? Explain your  answer.
      c.   Would Anti-Weed be a good choice of pesticide if you want to plant beans
           in that field the next year? Why?
      d.   How would you classify this pesticide using the buildup classification? Mark
           the blank  by the correct  answer.

           	1) Persistent

           	2) Nonpersistent
3.    Using  the No-Disease label, answer the questions below.

      a.   Is there  a potential problem if No-Disease is the choice of pesticide and
           drift or  runoff  would likely  enter a stream?  Explain  your answer.
      b.   Would No-Disease be a good choice  of  a  pesticide if your crops were in
           full bloom.  Explain your answer.
                                     94

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CO
01
      PRECAUTIONARY

        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
Poisonous by iwatlowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe sprey miit. Do not get in
•yes. Avoid contact with skin. U*e only
when wearing the following protective
equipment  and  clothing, wear  tightly-
woven  cotton overall*. wat*rproo> hat.
uniined neoprene g:oves and boots. Wear
safety goggles and/or face shield. Weer a
malk or respirator jointly  approved by
the  Mining E ntorcement  and  Safety
Adminiitration  and  by  the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health. Before  removing gloves, wath
them with detergent and watvr.  Always
watn handt. face and arms *ith deter-
gent and water  before smoking, eating

cell 000 OOO OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN De Metho it a reversible
Cholinatteraie  inhibitor.  Do not  ute
animus such at 3-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravenously of swbcutaneoully. If

Clote supervision of the pati*nt it indi-
cated for at least 48 hours.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thu pesticide  is tome to wildlife and
fisn. Use with  cara when applying in
areas frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any  body of water. Keep out of lakes,
tireemt or ponds. Do not apply where
runoff  is likely  to occur. Do not apply
when  weather  conditions favor  drift
from target area.  Do not contaminate
water by cleaning  of equipment or dis-
posal of waste*.


   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

          HAZARDS
Flemmablel  Keep  ewav from heat and
open flame.
                                     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                It i» • violation of F«d«rai t*w to UM thi»
                                product in a manner incontittant with fta
                                WMling.
                                    RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                       (IF APPLICABLE)

                                24 hours after application.

                                 CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                       (IF APPLICABLE)
                                   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                STQRAQE-Oo not contaminate water,
                                food,  or feod  by t to rage or dltpowl.
                                Op«n  dumping it prohibited. OI$f*OS-
                                AL-P*nlcide, toray mUtum, or rinut*
                                Itwt cannot be uMd or eh em k ally repro-
                                c««»ed thouM M dlipoMd of In a landfill
                                approved for pevticldM  or buried  In •
                                ufe piece  ewav from water tuppiiet,
                                Conta Inert thould b* triple rinMd tod'
                                offered for recycling,  recondition Inf. or
                                ctltpOMd In approved landfill or burled In
                                • tele place.
                                CoAMlt federal. State or locaJ OtoOMl
                                awthorltlw tor appro »ed *ltarn«n proo»-
                                                                                        RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                           FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                         CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                          DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                 METHO
JKEfrttUt OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
           DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                                                             INSECTICID^
                                                                                                    Emulsifiable  Concentrate
                                                                                                                  ~   '«\  V  "•*   "A
                                                                                         ACTIVE INGREDIfirdv  METWO^iyL -\
                                                                                         INERT INGRJSO»f im:          s   ^X,^      76%
                                                                                         TOTAL:     ~ ^           ^    'I.'*        100%
                                                                                                              ^.          >
                                                                                                 Net Content: 50  gallons
                                                                                                                 .s LBS OF  DE METHO PER GALLON
                                                                                                                 TRADEMARK OF A z CORPORATION
                                                                                             DIRECTIONS FOR  USE

                                                                                                 CONTINUED

                                                                                             SPRAY PREPARATION

                                                                                        *IH aprw tank K to * full ot wetar. Add O«
                                                                                        Ifetho dkecth/ to spray tank and mla thor-
                                                                                        oughly, witnf maehenket or hydraulic muni;
                                                                                        do not uta ak agnation.

                                                                                                 APPLICATION

                                                                                        Apply at the rvcomnwidad rattj* wn*n lieaxtt
                                                                                        tint appear. Unieei otherwise nond. continue
                                                                                        application at  6-  to 7-day imanoh or •
                                                                                        needed. Usa wfticiant  wettr l*-1» fafi par
                                                                                        acre by air) to Obtain thoroufh, uniform cov-
                                                                                        erage. Apply the tow ratat on tfmll plant*,
                                                                                        •nan worms and light Intatutiom of intaen.
                                                                                        Use intermediate ratat on larger worms and
                                                                                        heavier infestations of Insects. Ma 1 to 3 ap-"
                                                                                        plication* of the highest recommended rate
                                                                                        for comroHmt ttvere infntation*. Thereafter,
                                                                                        tna the towett rate pottibie 10 maintain con-
                                                                                        trol.

                                                                                               NOTICE TO BUYER

                                                                                        Sailer warrant* that tfili product conform to
                                                                                        the oSemtcal datcriptton on tht labaJ theraof
                                                                                        and h xaio natty fit tor purposes natad on
                                                                                        tuch label onh/ when uted in accordance nidi
                                                                                        directions wndar normal uta condition*. Thu
                                                                                        warranty doM not *«tend to uta of th» prod-
                                                                                        uct contrary to label uta direction*, or under
                                                                                        abnormal uta condition*, or under condition*
                                                                                        not reasonably foreseeable to ttiiar; buyer at-
                                                                                        tumat all risk of any tuch uta. Seller make* no
                                                                                        other warranties, a«0r«tts or implied.

                                                                                        Purchaaa of thia material doat MI eonl»r any
                                                                                        ngfiu under patann of COwniria* outtida of
                                                                                        the United State*.

                                                                                                 CROPUSAGE
                                                                STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL  TREATMENT
                                                        warm water.  Repeat until vomitui n clear  Call a physician imi
                                                     IF INHALED  Remove to fresh air. Call a physician immediately
                                                     tF IN EYES -'Flush eyes with plonty of water for at least 15 minut
                                                        physician immediately.
                                                     IF ON SKIN - In case of contact, r Amove contaminated clothing and im
                                                        wash skin with soap and water.

                                                                  SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                     PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                        MFC  BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                     PEST TOWN. VERMONT
                                                               ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                               EPA REGISTRATION NO.  1357-43
                                                                                                                                                                 p Loop*. Ce« Cwmni.
                                                                                                                                                                                            LAST APPLICATION DAY!
                                                                                                                                                                                               !H ORA2ING/FEEDING
>
cn
C/5
O
•z.
s
m
•z.
-\
en
I
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m
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                 ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
   Active Ingredients:
   Atrazine: 2-chloro-
   4-Ethylamino-6-
   isopropylamino-
   s-triazine . . . 20.0%

   Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
                  Total:
             100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                     KIL-DEJID
                     Chemical Company
                     Chemical City, West Virginia
                        96

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                                          ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #2
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches      „  Recommended 	  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate ~  for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                  Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt ' •
15 IDS.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 •For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions tor Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock lor 21 days following application.	
  Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           97

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                                          DIRECTIONS
                      No-Disease  Bflnomyl  Fungicide  should be  used only '" accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
CD
00
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (e'adicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop; also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate tor large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Diiease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means:  continuous  agitation  is required  to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sut-
 fate. Bordeaux  mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to l'i Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease  conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with tiydraulrc
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount ol  No-Disease per acre with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock m treated orchards.
 Scab (Applet). Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch, Ftyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at V green tip and repeat at 7- to 14 day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse effects  on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are of
 primary importance, do not use more than 4  02. per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp.. Penkillium sp., Gloeoiporium tp.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apptes)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, alter harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): Whit* Rot (Scterotinia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply 1 > Mo 2
 It)*, per acre at  25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated  bean vines or hay to livestock.
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS, MELONS.  SUMMER AND
 WINTER SQUASH:  Gummy Stem Blight, Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
 -Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1»« Ibs.
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14 day inter-
 vals  through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Airthraenose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 first appearance  of panicles (approx. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verttcillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 ID. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of 12'/> gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds ater picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days ol harvest,
 PEANUTS: Cercospon Leafspot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- 1021-
day intervals as  needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               COWTINUCB en neirr num.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                                ENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                  Wettable Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             B«ro>myl [M«hyl 1 (butykartumoyl)
                                                                                             2-beiuimidazolccart»mate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u.s. r,t. I.HI.III i I.UI.IH    EPA Esl. 1352-WV-1
                                                                     50%
                                                                     50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. I352-3M-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush sktn or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT—Never allowNo-Oiseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
to certain chemical change* which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use  container: crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds.  Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET   50  LBS.
                                                                                           9 21150  8-73A                                 Mad* in U.S.A.  Printtd in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD    CHEMICALS
                                                                                                     Chemical City,  West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab. Brawn Utftpot. Downy Spot. Pwriery Hide* A^ly
Wr to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the  spray to improve wetting of foliage. Appty at prepoUlnatkm when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: PtneappM Butt Rot (ThMmlopsIs paradou)-Use Itt Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting: remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS. CHERRIES. NECTARINES.
PEACHES, PLUMS. PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with hydraulic  ground equipment  or equivalent amount  of  No-Diteaio
per acre with concentrate iprayen.  Do not graze livestock in treoted orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use W
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of H Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab—shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to  3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use V, Ib. per 100 gall. No-Diieaie doet  not control fruit rots caused  by Rhi-
lopus spp. and AKemari* spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold {Botrytis). Powdery MDdaw, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight. Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib, per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using 'A Ib. per acre. Anthrtcnos*—Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and  repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed.  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystts paradoia)-Appty
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and 01km  to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew, Black  Spot); FLOWERS, ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use B oz.
per 100 gals, of water (l tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at  10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season: shorten interval during humid,  rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tulip, Gladiolus. Daffodil. Iris); Fusarium and Pwtfe«ufn
Rots-Use 1*S Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to  85*F.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If  bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller: buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     en
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     cv
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Assignment Sheet #1
    Hay or
Grazing Forage
                        ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                                    UNIT  III
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS
                                                                         Pet Food
                                             Humans
     Feed
                                                    Humans
Assignment Sheet #2

     1.   De  Metho

         a.    Yes. The environmental hazards statement states that this is toxic to birds
              and other wildlife and gives warning not to apply where runoff or drift
              is likely to occur

         b.    No. It  is toxic  to  bees and should not be used when bees are actively
              visiting an area

     2.   Anti-Weed

         a.    No. There is  no warning about wildlife hazards

         b.    No. Do not apply  near  desirable  plants; it may cause injury
                                        99

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     c.    No. Anti-Weed is a persistent pesticide.  For certain crops, including beans,
          it would be  likely that injury  would occur if planted  the next year on
          treated  soil

     d.    Persistent

3.   No-Disease

     a.    Yes.  No-Disease is toxic  to fish. Keep  out of lakes, streams, and ponds

     b.    Yes.  There is no  statement concerning bee hazards
                                    100

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                ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                            UNIT  III
                              TEST
Match  the terms on the  right to the correct  definitions.
      a. Amount of pesticide that remains on or
         in a  crop or animal  or on  a  surface
         following application

      b. Movement  of  pesticide  droplets  or
         particles by  wind and  air currents

      c. Way  of  describing  how  all  animals
         depend on others for food

     _d. Area,  building,  plant,  animal,  or  pest
         intended  to  be  treated  with  pesticide

      e. Causing  injury to plant life;  poisonous
         to plant  life

      f. Study of  the relationship between a
         plant or  animal and  its surroundings

      g. Surroundings  such as  water, air,  soil,
         plants, and animals

      h. Process of becoming a gas
List  three  resources necessary  for  man to  exist.
a.
b.
c.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
Residue

Phytotoxicity

Target

Ecology

Drift

Environment

Food chain or
food  web

Vaporization
                               101

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3.     Discuss  in  a  short  paragraph the reasons  for  protecting the environment.
4.     Select from the list  below ways pesticides help the environment by placing an
       "X"  in  the blanks.

       	a.  Kill  all insects

       	b. Control pests

       	c.  Enable more  food to be  produced on  same area

       	d. Control plant diseases, parasites,  and insects

       	e.  Kill  fish

       	f.  Control animal  diseases,  parasites, and  insects
5.     List two ways improper  use  of pesticides  can harm  the environment.

       a.

       b.

6.     Explain in a short paragraph how pesticides  may disrupt the food chain or food
       web.
                                     102

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       Match the classifications of pesticides on  the right to the correct definitions.
                                                            1.
                                                            2.
                                                            3.
Accumulative
Persistent
Nonaccumulative
                                                            4.     Nonpersistent
 a.  Pesticide that stays in the environment
    for a rather  long  period  of time

 b.  Pesticide that does not collect and build
    up  in the  body of an  animal or plant
    even  when  the  animal   or  plant  is
    repeatedly  exposed

_c.  Pesticide that can collect and build up
    in the body of an  animal  or plant when
    the animal or plant is repeatedly exposed

 d.  Pesticide that  does  not  stay in the
    environment  for a  long period of time
 8.     List three things  the  applicator must  consider  before applying a pesticide on
        or  near  desirable  plants and animals.

        a.

        b.

        c.

 9.     Name the two  major ways pesticides  accumulate.

        a.

        b.

10.     List three means by which pesticides pollute streams, ponds, and water systems.

        a.

        b.

        c.

11.     Discuss in a short paragraph ways pesticide may aid the target pest  instead of
        controlling  it.
                                       103

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        12.        Interpret   the  label   below  by  answering   the  following  questions.

                     a.      Is  there   a   potential   problem  if   De   Pesto  is  the   choice   of  pesticide and
                             you  wish to spray near a wooded area  used as a  nesting  site  for  many  game
                              birds?
                                         YES
                       NO
                 Why?
                     b.      Is  there  a  potential  problem  if  De  Pesto   is the  choice  of  pesticide  to  use
                              on   the  slopes  which   drain  into   your  farm  pond  or  local  stream?
                                        YES
                       NO
                 Why?
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
Poltonoui by swallowing or inhalation.
Do not breathe spray mitt. Do not get In
eyes. Avoid contact with tkln. Us* only
whan  wearing tha following protective
equipment and clothing.  Wear tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat.
unlinad neoprene glavet and boati. Wear
tafetv gogglet and/or face shield. Wear a
matk or ra»plrator jointly approved by
1 the Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety
Adminittration and by  tha National
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health. Before removing  glove*, wath
them with detergent and water, Alway*
wa*h hand*,  face and arm* with'detar*
gent  and mater before smoking, eating
or drinking.  For emergency enlitonce,
call OOO-OOO-OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN: Oe Pe*tO i» a avertible
cholinetterate inhibitor.  Do not  u*e
owimet tuch  a* 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravenously of subcutaneouity.  If
in eye.-initill one drop of  Homatropine.
Clot* tupervision of the patient it indi-
cated for at laa*t 48 hourt.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thi*  pettieide ii tonic to wildlife and
fiih.  Ute with care when applying in
areat frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of lake*.
dreamt or pond*. Do not apply where

when  weather condition* favor drift
from  target  area. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning Of  equipment or dit-
posal of watte*.


    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

           HAZARDS
Flammable!  Keep away from heat  and
open flame.
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
 It it a violation of Federal law to ute thit

 labeling.

     RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
        (IF APPLICABLE)
 Do not enter within 48 noun after after
 application.

  CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
        (IF APPLICABLE)
    STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
 STORAGE-Do not contaminate water.
 food, or feed  by ttorage or ditpotal.
 Open dumping it prohibited. OISPOS-
 AL-Petticide, spray  mixture, or rintate
 that cannot be uted or chemically repro-
 cetted thould be ditpoaed of in e landfill
 approved for petticidet  or buried  in a
 tafe place  away  from  water tuppllet.
 Container* thould be triple rinted and
 offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
 dltpoiM in approved landfill or burled in
 a tafe place.
 Contult Federal, State or local Ditpotal
 author it let for approved  alternate proce-
 dural.
   RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

      FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
    CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                   DIRECT SUPERVISION
PEST
                                    O^i
                      INSECTICIDE
            EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

 ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid  45.0%
 INERT INGREDIENTS:                           55.0%
 TOTAL:                                         100.0%
 THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
KEEP OUT OF REACH  OF  CHILDREN
         DANGER  -   POISON
          STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT



IF INHALED • Ramova to fra*h air. Call • phvtician immadiatalv.
IF IN EVES • Fluth aya* with plantv of *Btar for at laait 16 mlnwta*. Call •
  phvtician Iftimadiatalv.
IF ON SKIN . In cata of contact, ramova contamlnatad clothing and Immediately
  wMh tkln with datargam and watar.

             SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
              PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
               MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                  CHEMTON, NEVADA

                EPA EST. NO.  1357-NV-1
           EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42

               NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
      DIRECTIONS FOR USE

           CONTINUED

METHODS OF  APPLICATION: The mini-
mum galloneg* requirement It 1O gallon* of
finished (prey per acre with ground equip-
ment, 2 gallon* par acre with aircraft.

ALFALFA:  Air end Ground Application-
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae. Pea Aphid, and In New York state for
Snout Beetle control. Apply the amount of
De Petto Indicated in the chert, when feeding
it noticed of when Intect*  appear.  Alfalfa
Weevil Adult-Apply 1-2 Pint* per acr* when
intectt appear. Lygut Bugt-Apply 2 pintt per
acre prior to  bloom. Obterve ihe Indicated
number of days after application before cut-
ting or grating. Do not apply more than once
per  *eaion. Apply only to field planted to
pure ttandt of Alfalfa.
   Pint* of              Do Not Cut
   Oe Petto              or Graie
   Per Acre                Within

     y,                   7 dayt
     1                  14 dayt
     2                  28 deyt

CORN,  FIELD:  Ground Application-Corn
Rootwormt-Usa  1 Vi pintt of De Petto  per
13.OOO linear  feet (1 acre with 40 inch (pac-
ing). Apply, et planting, ai a 7 inch bend over
the row or Inject on eech tide of the row by
mixing with water at liquid fertilizer*. When
De Petto It uaed with liquid fertilizer*, mix in
the following way making ture that the mix-
ture i* phytically compatible. Premix 1 pert
of De Petto with 2  Part* of water. Add thit
premin to the tank of fertilizer elong with
rintlngt from the premixing container. Main-
tain agitation in  the tank after mixing end
during application. Do not mix until ready to
                                                 Pintt De Petto per acre uting ground or aerial
                                                 equipment. Chech tugarcane fieldt weekly.
                                                 beginning  in  early  June  and  continuing
                                                 through August. Make firtt application only
                                                 after vltlble joint! form and 5% or more of
                                                 the plant* are infetted with young larvae feed-
                                                 ing in or under the leaf theath and which heve
                                                 not bored into the italkt. Repeal whenever
                                                 field check! indicate the infettation exceed*
                                                 5V Do not apply within 17 dayt of harvett.
                                                 Do not ute in Hawaii.

                                                 ORANGES, LEMONS.  GRAPEFRUIT, and
                                                 TANGELOS  In Arizona  and California: Air
                                                 end Ground application-Cittui thrlpt-Apply
                                                 De Pesto et H to 1 Ib. per acre. UM tufflcient
                                                 water to obtain thorough coverage (5 to 15
                                                 gels/acre by air). Ute the higher rate on severe
                                                 infettation* of thrlps.  Apply in  the early
                                                 tpring before bloom when the new growth It
                                                 about 3 to 4 Inchet long. Make additional ap-
                                                 pllcationt  at needed until the new fruit Is wal-
                                                 nut size. Application at petal fall may be criti-
                                                 cal to  prevent fruit tear ring. Application*
                                                 during mid-summer to protect new growth on
                                                 young treet ere elao recommended.

                                                 Do not apply within 3 day*of harvest. Do not
                                                 orate livestock In treated orchard* for 10 deyt
                                                 after treet merit,

                                                 POTATO:   Tubarworm,  cabbage  looper,
                                                 aphid*, and In areas etnt of the Mltaletlppl
                                                 River, leafhoppert end flee beetle*. Apply
                                                 Oe Petto et Indicated rate* when field check i
                                                 indicate tha Ineact Infestation is above 6%.
                                                 Tuberworm. cabbage looper end ephld-apply
                                                 K to  1 Ib. per acre, Leefhopper end flee
                                                 beetles-apply H tb per  acre.  Do  not apply
                                                 within 14  deyt of harvest.
                                                                          104

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                                   UNIT III
                             ANSWERS TO TEST

1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
5
7
3
e.
f.
g-
h.
2
4
6
8
2.    Any three of the  following:
      a.   Place to live
      b.   Clean water
      c.   Clean air
      d.   Food
      e.   Clean soil
3.    Discussion should  include:
      a.   Clean water  is essential for man  and animal
      b.   Clean soil  is  necessary to grow crops
      c.   Clean air  to breathe is essential
      d.   Bees and  other pollinators must  be protected
      e.   Wildlife is  essential  for a  balance of nature
      f.   Recreational  areas are  desirable for  man
4.    b, c, d, f
5.    Any two of the following:
      a.   Cause nature  imbalance
      b.   Pollute  streams and water  supply
      c.   Pollute  crops
      d.   Pollute  soil
      e.   Injure desirable plants
      f.   Residue in meat animals
                                     105

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 6.     Explanation should include:

        a.   Each animal has a place in a food chain or food web, depending on the
            type of food it  eats

               1)     Animals that eat only plants  are on the lowest level

               2)     Animals which eat plants and animals, including insects, are  on
                      the next level

               3)     Animals that eat only meat  are on the top level

        b.   Meat eaters may be harmed by pesticides by eating other animals that have
            accumulated pesticides in their bodies

        c.   When  plants or animals, including insects, in the lower level of the  food
            chain  or  food web  are  killed by  pesticides,  animals in levels above them
            may starve

 7.     a.   2             c.    1

        b.   3             d.   4

 8.     Any three  of  the following:

        a.   Type  of  pesticide

        b.   Movement

        c.   Weather conditions

        d.   Form  of  pesticide

        e.   Proper dosage

        f.   Persistence

        g.   Type  of  pesticide used  previously in the sprayer

 9.     a.   Through  a  food  chain when  animals eat  plants or other animals

        b.   By building up to high levels over a period of time when  taken  in  directly
            and  stored  in the animal

10.     Any three  of  the following:

        a.   Overdose  and overuse

        b.   Runoff by  irrigation

        c.   Runoff caused by rain

        d.   Drift and  vaporization
                                     106

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       e.    Carelessness




       f.    Improper disposal of containers




       g.    Improper disposal of unused chemicals




11.     Discussion should include:




       a.    Death of natural enemy




       b.    Resistance to chemical




12.     a.    Yes. This pesticide is toxic to wildlife




       b.    Yes. This pesticide is toxic to fish
                                      107

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                                    PESTICIDES
                                      UNIT  IV


                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion  of this unit, the student should be able to match the ways pesticides
attack pests  to the  best  method of application; describe situations where short-term,
residual,  and broad spectrum insecticides and nonselective and selective herbicides should
be used;  and  explain why timing of a pesticide application is important. The student should
be able to name factors to consider in good pest control, list factors an applicator must
consider  when  choosing the pesticide, and  interpret  pesticide labels.  This knowledge will
be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring eighty-five percent  on the unit test.


                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this  unit, the student should  be  able  to:

        1.      Match terms  associated  with pesticides to the  correct definitions.

        2.      Match the ways pesticides attack pests to  the best method of application.

        3.      Describe a situation where short-term  (nonpersistent)  insecticides are  often
               used.

        4.      Describe a situation where residual (persistent) insecticides are often  used.

        5.      Describe a  situation  where  broad spectrum (nonselective)  insecticides  are
               often used.

        6.      Distinguish  between protectant  or  preventive pesticides and  eradicant
               pesticides.

        7.      Describe a  situation  where  a nonselective herbicide  would be used.

        8.      Describe a  situation  where  a selective herbicide would be used.

        9.      State   the   differences   between   preplanting,   preemergence,   and
               postemergence.

       10.      Explain  why  timing  of  a  pesticide application  is  important.

       11.      List types  of chemicals  used  to  alter  or change normal crop growth
               processes.

       12.      List climatic  factors  affecting pesticide application.

       13.      List factors an applicator must consider when choosing  the appropriate
               pesticide.

       14.      Name  conditions that may  make control  of  a pest  unnecessary.
                                          109

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15.     Name factors to consider in  good  pest control.



16.     Match  pest  control  methods  to  the proper descriptions.



17.     Define integrated  control.



18.     Interpret pesticide  labels correctly when given questions on  pesticides.
                                   110

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                               PESTICIDES
                                 UNIT IV
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.   Instructor:

     A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

     B.   Provide student with information and  assignment  sheets.

     C.   Make transparencies

     D.   Discuss terminal  and specific objectives.

     E.   Discuss information and assignment  sheets.

     F.   Ask students to list the pesticides on their farms and in their homes. Have
          them list them  according  to type, such  as  insecticide or herbicide.

     G.   Invite  local pest management specialist to speak to class about  ongoing
          projects.  Ask the  specialist to  bring  examples of natural  enemies and
          beneficial plants  and animals found  in your area.

     H.   Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.   Read objective sheet.

     B.   Study  information  sheet and take notes.

     C.   Complete assignment sheet.

     D.   Take test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIALS


 I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.   TM 1--Ways Pesticides Attack Pests

     B.   TM 2-Selective vs  Nonselective  Herbicide

     C.   TM 3-Preemergence and  Postemergence
                                     111

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      D.  TM  4~Chemicals Which  Alter or Change Normal  Plant Growth



      E.  TM  5--Alternate  Control  Methods



      F.  TM  6--Integrated Control



 IV.   Assignment sheet #1 --Interpret Pesticide  Labels



  V.   Answers  to assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers  to test
                                     112

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                              PESTICIDES
                                UNIT  IV
                         INFORMATION SHEET
I.   Terms and definitions

    A.   Pesticide-Chemical or other substance  that will  destroy or control a pest
        or protect something from a  pest

    B.   Stomach poison-Pesticide which  kills  when swallowed

    C.   Fumigant poison-Pesticide which  enters the pest in the form of a gas and
        kills it

    D.   Contact  poison-Pesticide which kills when  it touches or is touched by the
        pest

    E.   Systemic-Pesticide that  is taken up by one part of a plant or animal and
        moved to  another section where it  acts against a pest

    F.   Short-term (nonpersistent)-Pesticide that breaks down almost immediately
        into nontoxic  by-products

    G.   Residual (persistent)-Pesticide  that remains in the environment for a fairly
        long time

    H.   Broad spectrum (nonselective)-Pesticide which  is toxic to a wide range of
        pests;  used when several different pests are a  problem

        (NOTE:  Short term, residual, and broad spectrum  are  often  used  in
        describing  insecticides and  miticides.)

    I.   Surface spray-Pesticide spray which is evenly applied to the outside of the
        object to  be  protected

    J.   Selective-Pesticide which is more toxic to some types of plants or animals
        than  to  others; usually  used to describe  a particular  type -of pesticide

        Example:      A selective herbicide would  kill crabgrass in  a cornfield but
                       would not injure the corn

    K.   Nonselective-Pesticide which  is toxic to all or most plants or  animals of
        a type; usually used to  describe  a particular  type of pesticide

        Example:      A nonselective  herbicide would  kill or  injure all  plants in
                       the  application  site but not all insects, animals,  or other
                       organisms
                                    113

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
     L.   Protectant (preventive)--Pesticide applied before pests are actually found but
         where they are expected
     M.  Eradicant-Pesticide  which kills the pest after it appears
     N.   Preplant-Pesticide used  before  the  crop is  planted
     O.   Preemergence-Pesticide used before crop or weeds appear; may also refer
         to use  after crop emerges or is established  but before weeds emerge
     P.   Postemergence-Pesticide used after crop or  weeds have appeared
     Q.   Desiccant-Pesticide  which draws moisture from  or dries up a plant, plant
         part,  or insect causing it to die
     R.   Defoliant-Pesticide  which causes the leaves  of  a  plant  to  drop off
     S.   Antitranspirant-Chemical which  coats the leaves of plants to reduce water
         loss
     T.   Growth  regulator-Pesticide  which  increases, decreases,  or changes the
         normal  growth of  a plant
     U.   Herbicide-Pesticide  used  to control  unwanted plants
     V.   Fungicide-Pesticide  used to control fungi which cause molds,  rots, and other
         plant diseases
     W.  Rodenticide-Pesticide used to control rodents such as  rats and mice
     X.   Nematicide-Pesticide used to control nematodes
     Y.   Miticide-Pesticide used to  control mites
     Z.   Insecticide-Pesticide used to control  insects
II.   Ways pesticides  attack pests and  methods of  application  (Transparency 1)
     A.   Stomach  poison
            1.     Used as a bait, surface spray, or  dust
            2.     Must be  eaten  by the pest
     B.   Contact poison
            1.     Used as a surface spray,  dust,  or  in  soil  incorporation
            2.     Must touch or be touched by  the pest
     C.   Systemic  poison-Used  as a  surface or foliar spray, pour-on, injection,  or
         granule
                                    114

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


     D.   Fumigant poison-Applied  as  a  gas  or as a liquid which then vaporizes

          (NOTE:  A pesticide  may  kill the pest by touching it or it may  have to
          be swallowed to  be effective. Some pesticides kill by being both touched
          and swallowed. Systemics may be absorbed, injected, or fed into the plant
          or animal to be  protected. When the  pest feeds on this plant or animal,
          it eats the systemic  chemical  and is  killed.)

III.  Situations  where short-term (nonpersistent) insecticides are  often used

     A.   Insects do not return

     B.   Long-term  exposure could injure nontarget plants  or animals

     C.   Short time until  harvest  of  food crop

     D.   Short time until  slaughter of  livestock or poultry

     E.   In homes and  dwellings  where people  and domestic  animals  might  be
          exposed

IV.  Situations  where residual  (persistent) insecticides are often  used

     A.   Insects are constant  control problem  and there will be no  environmental
          hazard

     B.   Fly control in  livestock buildings

     C.   Soil  pesticides

 V.  Situations  where broad  spectrum  (nonselective)  insecticides  are  often  used

     A.   General purpose  or wide range  killing

     B.   Presence  of several different  kinds  of insects

          (NOTE:  Usually  broad spectrum insecticides do not kill all insects;  each
          one varies  on the kinds and numbers of insects  it controls.)

VI.  Protectant versus  eradicant pesticides

     (NOTE:  Usually  these terms are associated with fungicide use.)

     A.   Protectant  or preventive-Fungicide designed to prevent the plant from
          getting the disease

          (NOTE: It is applied before the disease gets a start and is very useful when
          a particular disease or group of diseases are likely  to  attack a  plant or
          crop year after year. Protectants have often been used as routine precautions
          on fruit  and vegetable crops.)
                                      115

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


       B.   Eradicant-Fungicide which kills the disease after it appears in or on the
            plant

            (NOTE:  Eradicants are less common than protectants  because  once the
            fungus is established on the plant, it causes damage and is often difficult
            to  destroy. Eradicants are often used when protectants are not  available,
            are not applied in  time, or are too expensive. They are also applied when
            a  disease appears unexpectedly on  a plant or in an area. Eradicants are
            often  used  on fruits  and  vegetables when the protectant  spray  was not
            applied in time.)

 VII.   Situation where  nonselective herbicide would  be used-To kill all the  plants in
       the area (Transparency 2)

       Examples:     Clearing  under guardrails  and fences; total control of  weeds in
                     industrial  areas

VIII.   Situation where selective herbicide would be used--To kill some plants with little
       or no  injury to other plants (Transparency 2)

       Examples:     Broadleaf plants  are to  be killed  in  cotton;  herbicides  used
                     postemergence on  crops and weeds

  IX.   Preplanting, preemergence, postemergence  (Transparency 3)

       (NOTE: The timing of  application  is important to protect nontarget plants.)

       A.   Preplanting treatment is made  before  the crop  is  planted

       B.   Preemergence treatment is  made  before  the  crop or weeds appear

       C.   Postemergence treatment is  made  after the crop or weeds appear

            (NOTE:  Postemergence applications must be very selective.  They  must
            control the weeds but leave  the crop  unharmed. Often the chemical will
            be applied  postemergence to the crop but preemergence to the weeds.)

  X.   Importance of timing of pesticide application-Care must be taken to get the
       job done  effectively  without hurting desirable plants and  animals,  including
       natural  enemies

       (NOTE: Directions on the label state when to apply the pesticide for best results.)

  XI.   Types  of  chemicals used  to alter or change normal crop growth  processes
       (Transparency 4)

       A.   Growth regulator

       B.   Defoliant

       C.   Desiccant

       D.   Antitranspirant
                                       116

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET


 XII. Climatic factors that affect  pesticide application

     A.   Soil  moisture

          (NOTE:  Pesticides work best with moderate soil moisture. Wetness may
          keep  the  pesticide from contacting the soil particles.)

     B.   Rain

          (NOTE:  Rain  often  causes pesticides  to  leach out of  or run off the
          application  site.  It  also  may  wash  pesticides off  foliage.   However,
          preemergence   herbicides  and   protectant   or  preventive   fungicides are
          sometimes purposely  applied just before or soon after  rain.)

     C.   Humidity

          (NOTE:  Herbicides work best when weeds are growing fast. High humidity
          and  warm  temperatures help cause this growth.)

     D.   Temperature

          (NOTE: High temperatures cause some pesticides to evaporate more quickly
          than  is desirable.  Low  temperatures  may slow down  or stop the activity
          of some pesticides.)

     E.   Light

          (NOTE:  Light  aids in  breaking down  pesticides.)

XIII. Factors to  consider when choosing  the appropriate pesticide

     A.   Has  directions  on the  label  for the  intended  use

     B.   Is effective against the pest

     C.   Will  not cause  injury to the  plant or other surface to which it is applied

     D.   Will  cause the  least damage to beneficial  organisms

     E.   Will  not move  off the treated area and into the environment to harm fish
          and  wildlife

     F.   Works well  in  the  machinery available

     G.   Is worth  the cost

          (NOTE:  Cost of application  should be  compared to the price of the area
          to be  treated.)

     H.   Is safe  to  use
                                      117

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                            INFORMATION SHEET
XIV.   Conditions that may make control of a pest unnecessary

       A.   Damage shows, but the  pest  which caused it may have left the area  or
            may  not be causing any further damage

       B.   Damage may not  be as  great as the cost of the  pesticide application

 XV.   Good pest control

       A.   Use all available methods to keep pest damage below economically harmful
            levels

       B.   Damage the environment as little as possible

XVI.   Pest  control  methods  (Transparency  5)

       (NOTE:  Most pest control  practices have been  used  for years.)

       A.   Resistant variety-Choosing crops, animals, and lumber which  resist or are
            unharmed by pests

       B.   Biological  control-Natural enemies such as parasites, predators, and disease
            agents are used to control pests, especially insects,  mites, and  some weeds

            (NOTE: The farmer can  support the  pest's natural enemies by  choosing
            pesticides carefully to avoid injuring the enemies. Releasing more of a pest's
            natural enemies  into the target area can increase this biological  control.)

       C.   Cultural control-Planting, growing, harvesting, and tillage practices may help
            or  harm  pests

            Example:      Cultivation is harmful to  weeds but may result in the spread
                          of  diseases and nematodes

            (NOTE: Other  cultural  practices are crop rotation, time  of planting, and
            proper fertilizing.)

       D.   Mechanical-physical  control-Traps,  barriers,  light,  sound,   heat,  cold,
            radiation,  and  electrocution are  all  used to remove  or keep the pests from
            the, area  where they are  not  wanted

            Examples:     Rat trap, screen, light trap, ultra sound, soil steam sterilizer,
                          freezer,  nuclear radiation

       E.   Sanitation-Removing the source of food or nest site will aid in getting
            rid of  pests

            Example:      Removing crop residues  by plowing
                                      118

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                            INFORMATION SHEET
       F.   Legal control-Includes quarantines, inspections, embargoes, and compulsory
            crop or product destruction

       G.   Pesticide-Used where other control methods would not provide the needed
            control

XVII.  Integrated control-Putting all pest control  methods together into  a  planned
       program  to  achieve  pest  control  and protect  people  and  the  environment
       (Transparency 6)
                                       119

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ro
                         Ways Pesticides
                           Attack  Pests
       Contact Poison
Stomach Poison
Systemic Poison

-------
             Selective vs Nonselective Herbicide
N)
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            Selective
Nonselective
                                                              H
                                                              ^
                                                              to

-------
               Preemergence  and  Postemergence
NJ
Ol
     Preemergence to the
       Crop and Weeds
Postemerged Crop
Preemerged Weeds
Postemergence to the
  Crop and Weeds
                                                                      H
                                                                      S
                                                                      GO

-------
                 Chemicals Which Alter or
               Change Normal Plant Growth
N)
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     Defoliant
                         Growth Regulator
                                           Desiccant
                                                            Ł>

-------
                     Alternate Control Methods
NJ
CO
              Biological Control
Resistant Varieties
       Cultural Control
  Legal Control
                                                                             CJl

-------
                             TM 6
Integrated Control

          131

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                                   PESTICIDES
                                     UNIT  IV
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET PESTICIDE  LABELS


Read  the  labels  provided  on the following  pages and answer the questions below.

   1.     Using the De Metho  label,  answer the following  questions.

         a.    What type  of  pesticide is this?


         b.    Is this a short-term (nonpersistent) or residual (persistent) pesticide? Why?
         c.    Would this broad spectrum pesticide cause a potential problem if numerous
              biological controls such as parasites and predators were in the area? Why?
         d.    Would  it be  a good  choice  if several different kinds of insects were  a
              problem?

   2:     Using the No-Disease label, answer the following questions.

         a.    What type of  pesticide  is this?
         b.    When  used as a foliar spray, is it  a  protectant or preventive spray or an
              eradicant spray?
   3.     Using the Anti-Weed  label,  answer the following  questions.

         a.    What type of  pesticide  is this?


         b.    Is this  selective or nonselective when used on corn?


         c.    Is this  used  as preplant, preemergence,  or postemergence?
                                         133

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u



PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poisonous by swallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe spray milt. DO not gat In
eyes. Avoid contact with ikln. Use only
when wearing tha following protective
equipment and clothing. Wear tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat,
unlined neoprene giovas end boot*. Wear
safety goggles and/or face inlaid. Wear a
mask or respirator jointly approved by
the Mining Enforcement and Safety
Admlniiuetion and by the National
Inititute for Occupational Safety and
Health. Safora removing gloves, wash
them with detergent end water. Alweyi
wash hands, face end arm* with deter-
gent and water before smoking, eating
or drinking. For emergency ai*l*tanc,e.
call OOO OOO OOOO.
cholinesterase Inhibitor. Oo not UM
OHimes such as 2-PAM. Give Auopine 2
mg. intravenously of tubcutaneoudy. If
In eye. instill one drop of Hprnetropine.
Close supervision ot the patient it indi-
cated for et least 48 hours.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pesticide Is tome to witdiife and
fish. U*e with care when applying In
ereai frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of lakes.
Stream* or pond*. Oo not apply where
runoff is likely to occur. Oo not apply
when weather condition* favor drift
from target area. Oo not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or dis-
posal of wastes.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flemmafalal Keep ewav from heat and
open flame. ^
s,
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It Is e violation of Federal law to use thii
product in a manner Inconsistent with It*
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Oo not enter area within
24 houn altar application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE -Oo not contaminate water.
food, or feed by storage or dispose).
Ope* dumping is prohibited. DlS»OS-
AL-r>estkkte. sprev ml.ture, ot rlneate
that cannot b« used or chemically repro-
cessed should be disposed of in a landfill
approved for pesticide* or buried In e
safe place away from water auppiiee,
Container* should be triple rinsed end
offered tor recycling, reconditioning, or
dlipoead to epprov*d landfill or burled ki
et*«e place.
Ccwwuit Fed***. State or toe**. Ohpoa.il
•irthorrtwa for ajannajj alt.vn.tt* proce-
dure*.

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RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

iH^DE METHOD! s'
INSECTICIDE \ \ >
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Emulsifiable Concentrate '•
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ACTIVE INGREDIfiWf: METH&RYL - t , 4l
INERT INGBJKJVEIslTS: >. \, _7f
TOTAL: • . 10C
••' '* \ Net Content: 50 gallons
<1THISW»1JDUCT CONTftfN$ 1.8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GA
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RECTIONS FOR USE
CONTINUED
RAY PREPARATION
•nh K to » tull of weier. Add 0*
ctly to ipray tanH and ml« ihof-
ng mechanical ot hydraulic meafti;
sir agnation.
APPLICATION
« racommanded ratal whan tnwca
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•t 5- to 7-day irttarvall or *
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to obtain thorough, uniform cov
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n and light InlaitaiKwi of intact*.
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if tna highaii racommanded raia
>hg *a«*ra inlaturtoni. TharaaMar,
Mit ran pouiW* to mainiein ton-
NOTICE TO BUYER
*nu thai thli product conform* to
al Oaacrtption on the label thereof
onabry lit for purpose* itatad on
anry whan uwd in accordance mth
kinder normal uw condiitont. Thii
os* noi ••t*no to ww ot thn prod-
y to label uw direction*, v wndar
iw COfldmoni, or gndar condition!
ibry foreseeBbte to wMar; buyer at-
U ol any iveh uw. Siller make* no
•niie*. *Kpr*u or implied.
this materiel dot* not confer any
* patenti of coumnai out*ida of
Sum.
CROP USAGE
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                                          DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                               PECANS: F*c*n Sub. Brawn Uifipot. Downy Spot. Pol
CO
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                      No-Disease Benomyl  Fungicide should be used only in  accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Diseate as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi  may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 only>. use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified tor each crop: also, tor tree crops, use the higher
 rate lor large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous agitation is required to keep  the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
 fate, Bordeaux mixture, or  lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1? Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during halt-to full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200  to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount of No-Oisease  per acre with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in  treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples). Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch, fly speck-Use 4  to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at Vj" green tip and repeat at ?• to  14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse  effects on  fruit finish and  color may result: if  finish and  color are of
 primary  importance, do not use more than 4 o:  per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp., Pemcilliurn sp., Gtoeosporium sp.)—Make a
 smgte application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply  6 oz. per 100 gals,  after harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinia), Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply I1; to 2
 lb<. per acre at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak  bloom. Do not  apply within
 14 days  of harvest: do not graze or  feed treaiod bean vines or hay  to livestock.
 CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS, MELONS. SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew,  Anttiracnose
 —Appty 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to  run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAM!A NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply  P<  Ibs
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of  foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to  14-day inter-
 vals through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 'irst appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3 to 4 week intervals. Do not appfy within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 lb. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of I2'A gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply  immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospon Leafspot—Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                       NO-DISEASE
                                                                                             BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                   Wettable  Powder
                                                                                            ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                              Benomyl [Methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                              2 • benzimidazolecarbamate]
                                                                                            INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                            u.j. P.ti. I.MI.III i I.UI.IT*    EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                                                                      50%

                                                                      50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                     Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
attention.
IMPORTANT—Never a I low No-Disease to become wet during storage. This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in  use. Do not re-use container; crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                               NET  50   LBS.
                                                                                            B-21150  8-73A                                Made in U.S.A.   Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                 KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                       Chemical  City, West Virginia
'/j to 1 lb. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (Thletovtopsis paradoia)-Use IV* Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpteces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.
STONE  FRUITS—APRICOTS, CHERRIES,  NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in  treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 lb. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use W
lb. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red  bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of Vi lb. per IX gals, as indicated:  Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall; Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot—2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use Yi Ib.per IQO gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and Attemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot—Apply 1 lb. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using V? lb. per acre. Anthracnose—Apply 1 lb. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR   BEETS: Cercospora Leafipot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per  acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day  intervals as
needed. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystis  par»do«>-Appry
to cut seed pieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cofd Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery Mildew,  Black Spot); FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse—Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 lb. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet  plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip, Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris): Fusarium and PmfcMum
Rots-Use 1 ^ Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.). preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this  material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
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m
m

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            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
        Meed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients:  80.0%
             Total:
         100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
               KILL-OEM
               Chemical Company
               Chemical City, West Virginia
                 136

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ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it. subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

 Anti-Weed  will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and  sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone.. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces.
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use  broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the  amount
of granules per  acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches        „  Recommended _  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate ~  for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given.
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions tor Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Ye!low Foxtail           Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters         Velvetleaf
                       Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

                       Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

                       Apply  Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
                       diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
                       See table below for recommended rates.
                       Soil
                                                       Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                                             Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15lbs.
22.5-
30lbs.
                      *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
                       Instructions Section.
                      * Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
                       peat and muck.

                       Suggestions for Crop Rotations
                       1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
                       Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
                       following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
                       seeded in Louisiana,  Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
                       Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
                       applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
                       Precautions: I) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
                        including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
                       seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
                       application or injury may occur.  2) Following harvest of a treated
                       crop, plow (motdboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
                       soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
                       spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
                       application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
                       gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
                       7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
                       stock (or 21 days following application.	
                       Warning
                       Keep out of reach of children.

                       Irritating to skin. eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
                       lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
                       skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
                       While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
                       or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
                       Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed.
                       feed and foodstuffs.

                       This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
                       streams.

                       Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                137

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                                PESTICIDES
                                  UNIT  IV
                    ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET


1.     a.   Insecticide

      b.   Relatively short term; because it can be applied fairly close to harvest date
           and contains no other precautions  on persistence

      c.   Yes.  It  might harm  all  the beneficial  insects  also

      d.   Yes

2.     a.   Fungicide

      b.   Both

3.     a.   Herbicide

      b.   Selective;  kills some weeds  but does  not harm  corn

      c.   Preemergence and  at  planting
                                      139

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                                 PESTICIDES
                                   UNIT  IV
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions. (Answers for "a" through
      "I" are on  this page.)
            _a.  Chemical or  other substance that will
                destroy  or  control  a pest or  protect
                something from a pest

             b.  Pesticide which  kills  when  swallowed
            _c.  Pesticide that is taken  up by one part
                of a  plant  or  animal  and  moved  to
                another section  where  it  acts against a
                pest

            _d.  Pesticide  that  breaks  down  almost
                immediately  into nontoxic by-products

            _e.  Pesticide which  enters  the pest  in  the
                form of a gas and kills it

            _f.  Pesticide   that    remains    in    the
                environment  for a  fairly  long  time

             g.  Pesticide spray which is evenly applied
                to the  outside  of the  object  to  be
                protected
             h.  Pesticide which kills when it touches or
                is touched by the  pest

             i.  Pesticide  applied   before  pests   are
                actually  found   but  where  they  are
                expected

                Pesticide which  kills the  pest  after it
                appears

             k.  Pesticide used before the crop is planted

             I.  Pesticide  used  before  crop  or weeds
                appear; may also refer to use after crop
                emerges  or is  established  but  before
                weeds  emerge
Short-term
(nonpersistent)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.
12.
Stomach poison
Pesticide
Eradicant
Preplant
Residual
(persistent)
Systemic
Surface spray
Contact
poison
Protectant
(preventive)
Preemergence
Fumigant poison
                                       141

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(Answers  for  "m" through  "z" are on  this page.)
                m. Pesticide used  after crop or weeds have
                   appeared

               _n.  Pesticide which draws moisture from or
                   dries  up a  plant, plant part,  or insect
                   causing it  to die

                o.  Pesticide which  causes  the  leaves of a
                   plant to drop  off

               _p.  Pesticide used  to control  insects

               _q.  Chemical  which  coats  the  leaves  of
                   plants to reduce  water  loss

               _r.  Pesticide which  increases, decreases, or
                   changes the normal growth of  a plant

               _s.  Pesticide  used  to  control  unwanted
                   plants

                t.  Pesticide used to  control  fungi which
                   cause  molds,  rots,  and   other plant
                   diseases

               _u.  Pesticide used to control rodents such as
                   rats  and mice

               _v.  Pesticide used  to control  nematodes

                w. Pesticide used  to control  mites
                x. Pesticide which is toxic to a wide range
                   of  pests;  used when  several different
                   pests are a problem

                y. Pesticide which is toxic to  all or  most
                   plants or animals of a type; usually used
                   to describe a particular type of pesticide

               _z. Pesticide which is more toxic to some
                   types of plants or animals than to others;
                   usually used to describe a particular type
                   of  pesticide
13.     Postemergence

14.     Fungicide

15.     Herbicide

16.     Desiccant

17.     Defoliant

18.     Rodenticide

19.     Insecticide

20.     Antitranspirant

21.     Nematicide

22.     Growth  regulator

23.     Miticide

24.     Nonselective

25.     Selective

26.     Broad spectrum
        (nonselective)
                                         142

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2.     Match  the ways a pesticide attacks a pest  on the right to the correct method
       of  application.

       	a.  Used  as a bait, surface spray, or dust;      1.      Fumigant  poison
                must  be eaten by the pest
                                                            2.      Contact poison
       	b.  Used  as a surface spray, dust, or  in soil
                incorporation; must touch or be touched      3.      Systemic poison
                by the pest
                                                            4.      Stomach poison
       	c.  Used   as  a  surface  or  foliar  spray,
                pour-on, injection, or granule

       	d.  Applied as a gas or as a liquid which then
                vaporizes

3.     Describe a situation where short-term (nonpersistent) insecticides are often used.
4.     Describe  a situation where residual  (persistent) insecticides are often used.
5.     Describe  a  situation where broad spectrum (nonselective) insecticides are often
       used.
6.     Distinguish between protectant pesticides  (P) and eradicant  pesticides (E) by
       putting  a  "P"  or "E"  in  the space provided.

       	a.  Fungicide  designed  to prevent the  plant from getting  the disease

       	b.  Fungicide  which  kills the disease after it appears in or on the  plant
7.     Describe a situation where a nonselective herbicide  would  be used.
                                        143

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 8.     Describe a  situation where a  selective herbicide  would be  used.
 9.     State the  differences  between preplanting, preemergence, and  postemergence.
10.     Explain  why  timing of a pesticide application is important.
11.      List two types of chemicals used to alter or change normal crop growth processes.

        a.

        b.

12.      List two  climatic factors affecting pesticide application.

        a.

        b.

13.      List two factors an applicator must  consider when choosing the appropriate
        pesticide.

        a.

        b.

14.      Name two  conditions that may make control of a pest unnecessary.

        a.


        b.


15.      Name two  factors to consider in  good pest control.

        a.

        b.
                                       144

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16.
Match the pest control methods on  the  right to

	a.  Used  where  other  control  methods
          would not provide the needed  control
              b.  Includes     quarantines,    inspections,
                 embargoes,  and  compulsory  crop  or
                 product destruction
the correct  descriptions.

    1.     Pesticide
17.
             _c.  Removing the source of food or nest site
                 will aid in getting rid  of  pests

             _d.  Traps,  barriers, light, sound, heat, cold,
                 radiation,  and electrocution are all  used
                 to remove or keep  the pests from the
                 area  where they  are not wanted

             _e.  Planting, growing,  harvesting, and tillage
                 practices may help  or  harm pests

              f.  Natural  enemies   such  as  parasites,
                 predators, and disease agents are used to
                 control pests, especially insects,  mites,
                 and some weeds

             _g.  Choosing  crops,   animals,  and lumber
                 which  resist  or  are  unharmed  by pests
Define integrated control.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

7.

Biological
control
Legal
control
Cultural
control
Sanitation
Mechanical-
physical
control
Resistant
variety
18.     Interpret the label  on the following page to  answer the questions below.

        a.   What type of  pesticide  is this?


        b.   Is this  selective or  nonselective when used at  25  Ib/acre rate?
                                        145

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O5
                                     PRECAUTIONARY
                                       STATEMENTS

                                  HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                         (CAUTION)

                              Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
                              directly to humans. Care should be taken
                              to avoid inhalation of dust or spray mitt.
                              or prolonged contact with skin.  In case
                              of contact,  immediately flush eyes  or
                              skin  with  large amounts of water. Get
                              medical attention  if irritation persists.
                              Wear safety goggles or face shield when
                              handling.

                               ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                              Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do
                              not apply when weather  conditions favor
                              drift from target area.
                                   DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

                              it i$ a violation of Federal law to use this

                              labeling.
                                 STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                              Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                              by storage or disposal. Open dumping is
                              prohibited. Pesticide, spray mixture, or

                              reprocessed should be disposed of in a

                              in a safe place away from water supplies.
                              Containers should be disposed of in an
                              incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                              cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
                              Consult Federal, State, or local disposal
                              authorities for approved alternate proce-
                         HERBICIDE
                    WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                      ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                      INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                      TOTAL:
                                                                                                                              tri-azoic acid
                                                         80.0%
                                                         20.0%
                                                        100.0%
KEEP  OUT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                         CAUTION
           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

      IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
      IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
      IF IN EVES Flush eyes with plenty of water
      IF ON SKIN Remove clothing and wash with detergent end water.
                                                                                                      MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                            Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                               EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                                                                  EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

DeWeed is for weed control in certain crops,
ornamental plantings, on industrial sites, and
around-the-farm.  It should be applied before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It controls a wide variety of annual
broedleaf and grass weed) when used at selec-
tive rates in agricultural crop* and ornamental
plantings. Wh«n used et higher, non-selective

perennial broadleaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
spray  equipment  with  80° flat-fan  nozzles.
Screens in spray system  should be no finer
than 50 mesh. Use a pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40  psi at nozzles. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-
plication to  maintain  a uniform suspension.
Aerial application: Use only  where specified
in the use direction).

BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERRlES (black-
berries, boysftnberries,  loganberries,  raspber-
ries)— Quackgrasi. Apply 5 Ib* per acre in the
fall  or split  the application applying  2'/i Ibi

spring, when quackgrass  is growing. Do  not
apply when fruit is present.
mustard, chickweed, nlyssum, downy brome,
wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before June 1} may
be treated in the fall after the last cutting but


apply in a minimum of 2/» gals, of water per
acre.

GRASSES  GROWN  FOR SEED  (Pacific
Northwest  only).  Perennial  ryegrass, tall
fescue and fine fescues, such  as  Ponntawn,
Chew ings, Ranier, and related species. Control
of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses includ-
ing annual  ryegrass, rattail fescue,  silver hair-
grass and downy bromo.  Apply  2'A  Ibs of
DeWeed in a minimum of 15 gals of  water
                                                                                                                                                                          to grasses froi
                                                                                                                                                                          has been cut.
                                                                                                                                                                                       which at least one seed crc
                                                                                                                                                                          WE
                                                                                                                                                                                                            igh-
way medians, and shoulders, railroad right*.of
way, lumber  yards, and in non-crop areas on
farms such as around buildings,  fuel storage
areas,  along  fences,  roadsides,  and  "ones.
Aerial application may be made where it is
feasible.  Use at least 1 gal of water fo> each 1
Ib. of DeWeed:  use more water if i<'*t;ticai
tor  both ground and aerial  application. To
control annual broedleaf and grass weed* l>n
                                                                                                                    b grass.
                                                                                     lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
                                                                                     and mullein), apply 6-12W Ibs. per acre. To
                                                                                     control most  annual and  many  perennial

                                                                                     grass,  bluegrass,  redtop, burdock, Canada

                                                                                     apply  12X>-25 Ibi, per acre. To control hard-
                                                                                     to-kill  perennial weeds (including bull thistle
                                                                                     and sow thistle), apply 25-50 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                                                       NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                                 PESTICIDES
                                  UNIT  IV
                            ANSWERS  TO  TEST


1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
3
2
7
1
12
6
8
9
10
i-
k.
I.
m.
n.
o.
P-
q-
r.
4
5
11
13
16
17
19
20
22
s.
t.
u.
V.
w.
X.
y.
z.

15
14
18
21
23
26
24
25






or 24
or 26


2.    a.   4

      b.   2

      c.   3

      d.   1

3.    Description  should include  any one of the following:

      a.   Insects do  not return

      b.   Long-term  exposure  could injure nontarget plants or animals

      c.   Short time until  harvest of food crop

      d.   Short time until  slaughter of  livestock  or poultry

      e.   In homes and  dwellings  where people and domestic animals might  be
           exposed

4.    Description  should include  any one of the following:

      a.   Insects are constant  control problem and there will  be  no environmental
           hazard

      b.   Fly control in  livestock  buildings

      c.   Soil  pesticides
                                     147

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 5.     Description should  include  any one of  the  following:

        a.   General  purpose or wide  range  killing

        b.   Presence of several  different kinds  of insects

 6.     a.   P

        b.   E

 7.     To kill all  the  plants  in the area

 8.     To kill some plants with little or no injury to other  plants

 9.     a.   Preplanting treatment is made before the  crop  is planted

        b.   Preemergence treatment is made  before the  crop  or weeds  appear

        c.   Postemergence treatment  is made after the crop or weeds appear

10.     Care  must  be taken to get the job done effectively  without hurting desirable
        plants and  animals,  including natural  enemies

11.     Any two of  the  following:

        a.   Growth  regulator

        b.   Defoliant

        c.   Desiccant

        d.   Antitranspirant

12.     Any two of  the  following:

        a.   Soil  moisture

        b.   Rain

        c.   Humidity

        d.   Temperature

        e.   Light

13.     Any two of  the  following:

        a.   Has  directions on  the  label for  the intended use

        b.   Is effective against  the pest

        c.   Will  not cause injury to the plant or other surface  to  which it is applied
                                       148

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       d.   Will cause the  least  damage  to  beneficial  organisms

       e.   Will not move off the treated area  and into the environment to harm fish
            and wildlife

       f.   Works  well  in the machinery available

       g.   Is  worth the cost

       h.   Is  safe to use

14.     a.   Damage shows, but  the  pest which caused it  may  have left the area or
            may not be  causing any  further damage

       b.   Damage may not  be as  great as the cost of the pesticide application

15.     a.   Use all available methods to keep pest damage below economically harmful
            levels

       b.   Damage the  environment as  little as possible

16.     a.   1

       b.   3

       c.   5

       d.   6

       e.   4

       f.   2

       9-   7

17.     Putting all  pest control methods  together  into a planned program to achieve
       pest control and  protect people and  the  environment

18.     a.   Herbicide

       b.   Nonselective
                                        149

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                             LABELS  AND  LABELING
                                       UNIT  V
                              TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion  of  this unit, the student should be able to match the terms common
name, chemical name, and brand name to the correct definitions and be able to distinguish
between  general use and restricted use pesticides. The  student  should  be able to discuss
days to harvest and days to slaughter and discuss reentry regulations. The student should
be able to identify facts contained on pesticide  labels and to interpret label information.
This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring  eighty-five percent
on  the  unit test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of  this unit,  the  student  should be able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with labels and  labeling  to the correct definitions.

        2.     Select  from a  list statements  indicating when to  read a label.

        3.     Match  the users  of  labels to ways the labels are used.

        4.     Select  from a  list the  agency in the federal government responsible  for
              regulating sale  and use of  pesticides and  registering  labels.

        5.     Identify  facts contained on a pesticide label.

        6.     Match  the terms common  name, chemical name and  brand name  to  the
              correct definitions.

        7.     Match  the signal words found  on labels to  their toxicity categories.

        8.     Discuss in a short paragraph days to harvest  and days to slaughter in  the
              application of  pesticides.

        9.     Discuss reentry  regulations following application of pesticides.

       10.     Name  the factors that form  the basis for pesticide classification.

       11.     Distinguish between general use and restricted  use pesticides.

       12.     Interpret  labels  correctly by  answering  questions  pertaining to labels.
                                           151

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                        LABELS AND LABELING
                                 UNIT V
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.   Instructor:

     A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

     B.   Provide student with information and  assignment sheets.

     C.   Make transparencies.

     D.   Discuss terminal  and specific objectives.

     E.   Discuss information and assignment  sheets.

     F.   Secure  pesticide  labels  and make available to students.

     G.   Ask students  to  reorganize a sample label into the format of the future
          pesticide  label. Tell them  to add any  information  which is  missing.

     H.   Ask students  to  design a pesticide label and discuss with them what was
          left  off.

     I.    Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.   Read objective sheet.

     B.   Study  information sheet.

     C.   Complete assignment sheets.

     D.   Take test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.   TM  1--Future Pesticide  Label

     B.   TM  2--Existing Pesticide  Label
                                      153

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      C.    TM  3--Signal  Words



      D.    TM  4--Days  to  Harvest



      E.    TM  5--Days  to  Slaughter



      F.    TM  6-Reentry  Sign



      G.    TM  7--Future General Use Pesticide  Label



      H.    TM  8--Future Restricted  Use Pesticide Label



 IV.   Assignment sheets



      A.    Assignment Sheet #1 --Interpret De Metho  Label



      B.    Assignment Sheet #2--Interpret De Metho  Label



      C.    Assignment Sheet #3--lnterpret Anti-Weed  Label



      D.    Assignment Sheet #4--lnterpret No-Disease Label



 V.   Answers  to assignment  sheets



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers  to test
                                     154

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                        LABELS  AND  LABELING
                                 UNIT  V
                         INFORMATION SHEET
 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Active ingredient-That part of a pesticide product which will kill or control
         pests or prevent damage by them

         (NOTE: This is  the  actual poison in a product.)

    B.   Label-Written material  attached to or printed on a pesticide container or
         wrapper

    C.   Labeling-Technical information  including the label and any other printed
         material provided by  the manufacturer or its agent to accompany a pesticide
         product

    D.   Pesticide-Chemical or other substance that will  prevent, repel,  destroy, or
         control a pest or protect something from a pest

    E.   Pest-Unwanted  organism

         (NOTE: An organism may be plant or animal, including bacteria and fungi.)

    F.   Poison-Chemical or other substance that can cause injury or death when
         eaten, absorbed, or inhaled by  plants  or  animals, including man

    G.   Signal words-Words which must appear  on pesticide labels to show toxicity
         of pesticide

    H.   Toxic-Poisonous; ability  to cause  injury to plants and animals,  including
         humans

    I.    Reentry-Period  of time between a pesticide application and when workers
         may go back into an  area without wearing protective clothing or equipment

II.  When to read the label

    A.   Before  use  or  purchase

    B.   Before  mixing

    C.   Before  applying

    D.   Before  transporting,  storing, and  disposing
                                    155

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET


III.  Users of labels  and ways labels are  used

     A.   Federal  and  state  governments-Use labels to control sale,  use, safety,
          storage,  and  disposal of pesticides

     B.   Manufacturers of pesticides-Use labels  as  the  license  to  sell  a pesticide

          (NOTE: Until the label is registered the  pesticide may not  be sold or used.)

     C.   Dealers   and  pest   control  experts-Use   labels  to  aid  in  making
          recommendations to  buyers and users

     D.   Buyers and users

             1.     Use labels as a way  of deciding which pesticide  will be effective
                   against the pest  and be the  safest to use

             2.     Use labels to decide what safety precautions to  take  and  how
                   much pesticide to use

                   (NOTE:   Some   labels  are  easy  to understand.  Others  are
                   complicated. However, all labels tell you  how to use the product
                   correctly.)

     E.   Physicians-Use labels to  determine  the  antidote  to  use in the proper
          treatment of poisoning cases

IV.  Agency in the  federal  government  responsible  for  regulating  sale and use of
     pesticides and registering  labels-Environmental  Protection  Agency (EPA)

     (NOTE:  Most states also  register pesticides.)

 V.  Facts contained on pesticide label (Transparency 1)

     A.   Name and  address  of chemical  company

     B.   Brand (trade) name

     C.   Name and  amounts of all  active  ingredients

          (NOTE: The label  will also list the amounts  of  inert ingredients.)

     D.   Type  of  pesticide

     E.   Kind  of  formulation

     F.   EPA registration and establishment  numbers

     G.   Storage  and  disposal precautions
                                     156

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                          INFORMATION SHEET


      H.  Hazard  statement

          (NOTE:  This  statement describes environmental hazards, human hazards,
          animal and  plant hazards,  and physical and  chemical  hazards.)

      I.   Directions for use

      J.   Net  content

      K.  Words:  Keep  Out Of Reach Of Children

      L.  Signal  word

      M.  Days to harvest or slaughter

      N.  Reentry  interval, if applicable,

      O.  General use or  restricted  use  classification statement

 VI.   Names found on  labels  (Transparency 2)

      A.  Brand  name-Name used by a  manufacturer to identify a pesticide as their
          product

          (NOTE: The brand name may not be used in the ingredient statement but
          usually  appears  in large, bold-faced  letters on  the  packaging. One brand
          name,  such  as Ortho,  may appear on the label  of several different kinds
          of pesticide chemicals.)

      B.  Common name-Well-known, made-up  name accepted by the Environmental
          Protection  Agency to  identify the  active ingredients  in a  pesticide

          (NOTE: The common  name must be  used in  the active ingredients  section
          on the  label and is  usually not capitalized.)

      C.  Chemical name-Scientific  "often complicated" name which tells what the
          active  ingredients are

          (NOTE:  When an accepted common  name  is not available, the chemical
          name must be used to name the active ingredients in the ingredient  section
          of the label. Often both the chemical name and the common name appear.)

VII.   Signal words found on labels  (Transparency 3)

      A.  Danger-Highly toxic pesticides; the  word poison printed  in  red and the
          skull  and crossbones symbol are also required  on  labels of  highly toxic
          pesticides

      B.  Warning-Moderately  toxic  pesticides

      C.  Caution-Slightly toxic to  relatively  nontoxic pesticides
                                      157

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                             INFORMATION  SHEET


VIII.   Days  to  harvest  and  days  to  slaughter  in  the  application  of pesticides
       (Transparencies  4  and  5)

       A.   Residue amounts  are determined  and safe  tolerances are set

       B.   Least  number of  days between last  pesticide  application and harvest or
            slaughter are  determined  to  remain under  tolerance

       C.   Days to  harvest or slaughter are  listed  on the label

       D.   Harvest or  slaughter  should  not be attempted before time period is over

            (NOTE: It  is up  to you, the applicator, to help make sure that  no illegal
            residue remains on food  crops.  Follow label directions carefully.  Don't be
            responsible  for seizure of  your crops or those of your neighbor.)

  IX.   Reentry  regulations (Transparency 6)

       A.   Wait at least until the  deposit  has dried or  the  dust has settled before
            reentering the field,  even  with  the least hazardous pesticides

       B.   Follow reentry times on  label

       C.   Do  not allow workers,  children, or other persons to  reenter the sprayed
            area until this  time  has  passed

       D.   Wear protective clothing and equipment if reentry must be made before
            time elapses

       E.   Federal standards  require  that at least a hat, shoes and socks,  and closely
            woven  fabric coveralls with long sleeves and trouser legs (or long sleeved
            shirt and long  legged trousers)  be worn if early reentry must  be made

            (CAUTION:  Use common  sense!  Use more  protective  clothing  and
            equipment  if you think  they may be needed for safe reentry.)

  X.   Basis  for pesticide classification into general  use or restricted use pesticides

       A.   Hazard of  poisoning

       B.   Way  pesticide is  used

       C.   Effects on  the environment

  XI.   General use versus restricted  use  pesticides (Transparencies  7 and  8)

       A.   General use-Pesticide use  that will  not cause excessive damage in the
            environment  or endanger  the  applicator or other persons when  applied
            according to  label  directions

       B.   Restricted  use-Pesticide  use  that  may cause  damage  in the environment
            or endanger the applicator or other persons even when label  directions are
            followed
                                       158

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cn
CD
                                   Future  Pesticide  Label
              PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                HAZARDS TO HUMANS
                (& DOMESTIC ANIMALSI
                    DANGER
               ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
               PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
                  HAZARDS
                DIRECTIONS FOR USE
             It is a violation of Federal law  to use
             this product in a manner inconsistent
             with its labeling.
                RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                  (If Applicable)
               CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                STORAGE AND
                  DISPOSAL
              STORAGE       	
              DISPOSAL -
             CROP:
       RESTRICTED USE
           PESTICIDE
     FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
    CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
            DIRECT SUPERVISION
       PRODUCT
           NAME
    ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
    INERT INGREDIENTS.
    TOTAL:
                         100.00 %
                                          THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS  LBS OF  PER GALLON
   KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
      DANGER — POISON
        STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED:
IF INHALED =
IF ON SKIN	
IF IN EYES =
                                      SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                      MFG BY:
                                      TOWN. STATE =
                                      ESTABLISHMENT NO.
                                      EPA REGISTRATION NO
                                                NET CONTENTS:
                                                                               CROP:
                                                                               CROP:
                                          CROP:
                                                                               CROP:
                                          CROP:
                                                                                 WARRANTY STATEMENT

-------
    Existing
Pesticide Label
          Brand Name
        Common Name-
        Chemical Name
                               SAMPLE LABEL— FRONT PANEL
NOMITE  sow
        Miticide
  Wettable Powder Formulation
    Control of Plant-Feeding Mites
ACTIVE INGREDII
 Methylethylbutyl phos (metbutin)
 ERT INGREDIENTS
        E.P.A. Registration No. 1576-491
        E.P.A. Establishment No. 1576-NC-1
                            50.0%
                            50.0%
                        POISON
                    DANGER
                          DANGER: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
                                See other cautions on side panel

                        THE MOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
                              SNOWBALL, N.C. 27000

-------
                                Signal Words
CO
Moderately Toxic
                             Highly Toxic
                                                      Slightly Toxic to
                                                      Relatively Nontoxic

-------
                           Days to Harvest
         10 PPM
       At Application
          6 PPM
          4 Days
O)
01
         Deposit
             2 PPM
           Harvest Day
          Residue
(Shading Denotes Pesticide Residue)
  At or Below
Tolerance, the Crop
 Can be Sold for
Food and Feed
           Residue

-------
                                      TM 5
Days to  Slaughter
                         Deposit

                       At Application
                        Residue

                          5 Days
                       After Application
                        Residue

                       Slaughter Day
                    At or Below Tolerance
                      (Shading Denotes
                      Pesticide Residue)
           167

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                           TM 6
   Reentry Sign
DAN6ER • POISON
   Do Not Enter
  This Area Until
Wednesday, June 2
   Treated With
     De Pesto
         169

-------
              Future    General    Use
                                                                            Label
       PRECAUTIONARY
         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (CAUTION)

 Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
 directly to human*. Car* should be tak*n
 to avoid inhalation of duil or spray mitt,
 or prolongad contact with skin. In CM*
 of contact, Immediately  fluih ay** or
 tkin with  large amounts of watar. Gat
 madical attantion if irritation persists.
 Waar safety goggles or face shield whan
 handling.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

 Keep out of lakes, itraami, or pondi. Do
 not apply when weather condition! favor
 drift from target araa.
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
 product it
 labeling.
        a manner inconsistent with it
   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

 Do not contaminate watar, food or faad
 by storage or disposal. Opan dumping I*
 prohibited. PMtlclda, spray mixture, or
 rinsate that cannot'ba used or chemically
 reprocessed should be disposed of in a
• landfill approved for pesticide* or buried
 in a safe place away from water supplie*.
 Containers should be disposed of in an
 incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
 cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
 Consult Federal, State, or local disposal
 authorities for approved  alternate proce-
 dures such as limited open burning.
DE WEED
                                      ^I
                       HERBICIDE
                 WETTABLE POWDER
                                                   ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                   INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                   TOTAL:
                                                                                      tri-azoic acid
                                                   80.0%
                                                   20.0%
                                                  100.0%
KEEP  OUT OF REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                 CAUTION

          STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
      IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
      IF IN EVES Flush eyes with plenty of water
                                                                 MFC BY  A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                      Aster,  Minnesota

                                                           EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                             EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
      DIRECTIONS FOR USE

           CONTINUED

DeWeed Is for weed control in certain crops,
ornamental plantings,  on industrial sites, and
around -trie-farm. It should be applied before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It controls a  wide variety of annual
broodleaf  and grass weeds whan used at selec-

plantings.  Whan used  at higher, non-selective
rates in non crop areas, it also controls many
perennial broadlaaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
spray equipment  with 80° flat-fan nozzles.
Screens in spray system should be no finer
than 50 mesh. Use a  pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40 psi at nozzles. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-
plication to  maintain a uniform suspension.
Aerial application:  Use only  where specified
in the use  directions.
                                                        BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERRIES (black-
                                                        berries,  boysenberries, loganberries, raspber-
                                                        ries)— Quackgrass. Apply 5 Ibs per acre in the
                                                        fall  or split the application  applying 2K Ibs
                                                        per acre in the fall plus 2Vi Ibi per acre in the
                                                        apply when fruit
                                                                      i present.
                                                        old  (Northeastern  U.S. onlyl-Henbit, wild
                                                        mustard, chickwaed. alyssum, downy brome.
                                                        wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
                                                        been seeded in the spring (before June 1) may

                                                        before frozen ground condition!. Apply 1 lb-
                                                        of Da Weed per acre. For ground application
                                                        apply in a minimum of 2Yi gals, of watar per
                                                        acre.

                                                        GRASSES   GROWN  FOR SEED  (Pacific
                                                        Northwest   only).  Perennial rvegrais,  tall
                                                        fescue and  fine fescues, such as Pennlawn,
                                                        Chewings, Ranier, and related species. Control
                                                        of broad leal weeds and annual grasses includ-
                                                        ing annual ryegrais, rat toil fescue, silver hair-
                                                        grass and downy  brome.  Apply  214  Ibs of
                                                        DeWeed in a minimum of 15 gals of water
                                                        per acre as soon as fall raini start. Apply only

                                                        has been cut.

                                                        WEED CONTROL on  industrial sites, high-
                                                        way medians, and shoulders, railroad rights-of

                                                        farms such  as around buildings, fuel storage
                                                        areas, along fences,  roadside*, and  lanes.
                                                        Aerial application  may be made where it is
                                                        feasible. Use at least 1 gal of water tor each 1
                                                        Ib. of DeWeed: use more water if practical
                                                        for  both ground and aerial application. To

                                                        eluding  barnyard  grass,  cheat,  crabgrass,
                                                        lambsquartars, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
                                                        and  mullein), apply 6-12K Ibs. per acre. To
                                                        control  most  ennual  and  many perennial
                                                        broad leaf and grass weeds (including quack-
                                                        grass, bluegrass, redtop, burdock,  Canada
                                                        thistle, orchards™**, dogfenne), end plantain),
                                                        apply 12K-25 Ibs.  per acre. To control hard-
                                                        to-kill perennial weeds  (including bull thistle
                                                        and sow thistle), apply 25-50 lb«. per acre.
                                                                  NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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           Future Restricted Use Pesticide Label
CO






















PRECAUTIONARY

HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poisonout by (wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe ipray milt. Do not get in
eyes. Avoid contact with ikin. use only
equipment and clothing. Wear tightly-
nlined neo r ne |*ve "nd b" ts Wear
safety 90051*1 and/or face shield. Wear a
mask or respirator jointly approved by
the Mining Enforcement and Safety
Administration and by the National
tnem with detergent and water. Always
wash hands, lace and arm* with deter-
gent and water before smoking, eating
call 000 000-0000.
mg. intravenously ot subcutaneously. It
cated tor at least 48 noun.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pesticide it ionic to wildlite and
liih. Uie with care when applying in
areai trequented bv wildlife or adjacent
to any body of watur. Keep out of laket.
runolf it likoly to occur. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift
poial o< wastes.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep away from heat and
Open flame.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
Do not enter within 48 hours after
application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-Do not contaminate water.
food, or feed by storage or disposal.
Open dumping is prohibited. DISPOS-
c'ssed should be disposed of in a landfill
approved for pesticides or buried in a
Containers should be triple rinsed and
offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
disposed in approved landfill or buried in
a sate place.
Consult Federal, State or local Disposal
authorities for approved alternate proce-
dures.













































RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY

DIRECT SUPERVISION


L^DE PESTO^l

INSECTICIDE
EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE
_ ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid 45.0%
'INERT INGREDIENTS: 55.0%
TOTAL: 100.0%
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
•^L^^^^L^I
Cfo3
W^^^LM
IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a tablespoonful of salt in a glats of
IF INHALED • Remove to fresh air. Call a physician immediately.
IF IN EYES - Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a
physician immediately.
IF ON SKIN - In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
wash ikin with detergent and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
CHEMTON, NEVADA
EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42






















CONTINUED

mum gallonag* requirement is 10 gallons of
finished spray per acre with ground equip-
ment. 2 gallon* per acre with aircraft.
ALFALFA: Air and Ground Application-
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae, Pea Aphid, and in New York stale for
Da Paste indicated in the chart, when feeding


number of days after application before cut-
ting or grazing. Do not apply more than once
pure stands of Alfalfa.
Pints ol Do Not Cut
Da Pesto or Grate
Per Acre Within
V, 7 days
2 28 days
CORN. FIELD: Ground Application-Corn
Rootworms— Use 1 VI pints ot Da Pesto per
13.000 linear feet (1 acre with 40 inch spac-
ing). Apply, at planting, ax a 7 inch band over
the row or injact on each side of the row by
the following way making sure that the mix-
ture is physically compatible, Premix 1 part
ot De Pesto with 2 parts of water. Add this
premix to the tank ot fertilizer along with
rinsings from the premixing container. Main.
tain agitation in the tank after mixing and
during application. Do not mix until ready to

equipment. Check sugarcane fields weekly.
after visible joints form and 5% or more ot
the plants are infested with young larvae feed-
ing in or under the leaf theath and which have

5%. Do not apply within 17 days of harvest.
ORANGES, LEMONS, GRAPEFRUIT, and
TANGELOS in Arizona and California: Air
De Pesto at « to 1 Ib. per acre. Use sufficient
water to obtain thorough coverage (5 to 15
infestations of thrips. Apply in the early
spring before bloom when the new growth is
plications as needed until the new fruit is wal-
Oo not apply within 3 days of harvest. Do not
after treatment.
aphid t, and in areas east of the Mississippi
Rivar, legfhoppers and flea beetles. Apply
De Pesto et indicated rates when field checks
indicate the insect infestation is above 5%.
Tuberworm, cabbaoe loo per and aphid-apply
H to J Ib. per acre. Leafhopper and flea
beetles-apply K Ib par acre. Do not apply
                           NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                               00

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                             LABELS AND  LABELING
                                      UNIT V
            ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1--INTERPRET  DE  METHO  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels. Read the label on the following page and then answer
the questions below. When  completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     Who  was the manufacturer?


   2.     What letter(s) on the label identifies  what chemical this product  contains?


   3.     What is  the  percentage  of active  ingredients?


   4.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies approved uses?


   5.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies first aid treatment?


   6.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies directions  to  the physician?


   7.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies personal safety precautions?


   8.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies environmental  warnings to  user?


   9.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies storage and disposal  procedures?


  10.     Which letter(s) on  the label  identifies directions for determining proper rates?
                                         175

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A PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Polaonow* by •wallow ing at Inheletlon.
Do not breathe «>rey mitt. Oo not get In
eyet. Avoid contact with ikln. UN only
when wearing the following protective
equipment and clothing. Wee* tightly-
woven cotton overall*, weterproof het.
unlined neoprene glove* end boot*. Weer
•efetv goggle* end/or fece ihleld. Weer e
meth or retplreto* (olntly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement end Safety
Admin iitretion and by the Netlonal
Inttltwte for Occupation*! Safety end
Health. Before removing gloves. we«h
them with detergent and water. Alweyi
wath handi. face and erm* with deter-
gent end water before emoking. eating
or drinking. For emergency exlitan^e.
cell OOO OOO 0000.
eholinetterete inhibitor. Oo not UM
oalmes twch e* 2-PAM. Oive Atropine 2
mg. inirevenoutly of tubcuteneoutly. It
in eve. initill one drop of Homatropine.
CIOM supervision of the patient it indi-
cated for at least 48 hours.
BENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thia peitlcide it to*.c to wildlife end
• fith. UM with cere when applying In
areei frequented by wildlife or ediecent
to any body of water. Keep out of lekee.
trtreem* or pond*. Oo not apply where
runoff t* likely to occur. Do not *pf>ty
when weather condition* favor drift
from urget area. Oo not contemlnete
weier t>v cleening of equipment or die-
POfel of weite*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable) Keep ewey from heet end
ooon flame. ^
C (
N,
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It i« a violation ol FMiaral la** to UM tfiia
product In a mannar Inconiinant with Ita
laMlino,
RE-ENTRV STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Oo not enter area within
24 hours after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAOC-Oo not contemlneta water,
food, or feed by storaoe or dttposel.
Open dumping i* prohibited. DISPOS-
AL-fenlc.de, tprey mUture, or rlneete
met cannot be weed or chemlcelly repro-
ceeaed mould M diwoeaa erf m e lendf itl
eooroved for potticldoe or buried In e
iefe piece ewey from weter euppiim.
Containeri fnouM b« triple rlneed end
offered for recycling, recondltloninff, or
dlipoied in aao'oved Undf ill or burled In
eerie pUce.
CcwMutt federal... St»te or leeel Dlapowf
tfuree.



C
m ••
C



F
^— ^?
^
>>'"


E RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION


.•^DE METHO^lX
* iF^
INSECTICIDE ^ \ ^
Emutsifiable Concentrate \

a^
ACTIVE INGREDISfffv METHOD1- -\ yX?4%
INERT INGaSOVEr-H.,: \ X>^V' 76%
TOTAL: ' .— J» <.' 100%
. ^ • "">
-^*\ Net Content: 50 gallons
«™lsĄ«pUCTfcoNf>»ri(lS/1.8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
E ra^HOiS^rVeEGrST«"'cb TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
iKii^ikrt OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
warm weter. Repeat until vomitui is clear Call e physician imr
physician immedietelv-
waih skin with toap and water.


MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

Cftor*
Alt.Hl A 0
^,_,
Bmtot.
BI.II.II
Ipnm A 0
A a
C*M>T A 0
Con
A C
IHMdl A 0
** "*" "™* C
>•»•.... A a

Pom
Ł2.1 0
T—
(Eraw
Oirrw-
>

j
0
Sf
Mnho ov
oughly, wtV
donoiuie
Apply et M
appn
needed. U
acre by eir
araoi. App
«nell MOrn
Uw inttrrr
pKltion*
to/ control
UN the to*
vol.
RECTIONS FOR. USE
CONTINUED
RAY PREPARATION
•nt H to It full of Mier. Add Ot
ctty to ipray tenk end mli tnw
ng mechanical or hydraulic meant;
air agitation.
APPLICATION
w recommended ratei Mhert Imeen
. Unlta otherwitt noted, continue
I at ft- to 7-dey Intenelt or •
• tullideni Meier IB- 18 grit per
to obtain thoroufti, ynilorm cov
y ttwj tow rait* on mill pianti.
ti end light Infetutioni of iniecn.
•diate ratal on larger worrm end
ntftion* of tntacti, me 1 to 3 to-
9f ihe hiflheti recommended rat*
mg w«er* Mfanatiom. ThenMfter.
•Ml rate poutbia lo mamiein con-
|^ NOTICE TO BUYE
the dSemttd deKrtpiion on the
end to fe-mneblv fh tor purpoi
men ItW only when mad in ace
owecttom under normal uai cot
werrenty doaa not aitend to MM
uct contrary to lebel UM dtrecm
•brtormel UM condiitora. or und
tumei all rith of tny wen UH, Se
other MrreniiM. •ajxtti or impl
•urchett of tfuj manriel doe* n
rightt under patent* of countr*
the United State*.
CROP USAGE
" IMIfCTt
Bvl Amv«''ii..LT*» Bitp
LMfhDima.
ItaUUI OWI BMUt
CtMaW Loop*. In* CittMeraam
s^rtrr--
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-IV. Uiav.
t—- . . WK* m — d
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Corn ttrwotm lnp to ) mv*tm«
P. «»,.».
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contornwto
label thereof
M i«ted on
or dance Kith
KUtiOnt. ThU
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ant, or under
e* conditiont
ler; buyer •»•
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ied.
01 confer any
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-------
                            LABELS AND  LABELING
                                     UNIT  V


            ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #2--INTERPRET DE METHO LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read the label on  the  next page  and answer the
questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What is the  brand name?


   2.     What is the  common  name?


   3.     Why is there no chemical name?


   4.     When could  you allow livestock to graze  on  the  treated alfalfa?


   5.     How close to harvest could  you spray the following crops?

         a.    Cauliflower

         b.    Tomatoes


   6.     If you sprayed sweetcorn on  Monday, when is the first day you or your workers
         could safely reenter the field without wearing protective clothing?


   7.     What is the  EPA registration number?


   8.     What is the  EPA establishment number?


   9.     How much pesticide does this container hold?


  10.     What signal  word is  on this label?


  11.     For  what  toxicity  category does the signal word  stand?


  12.     Is  it a  general use or  restricted use  pesticide?


  13.     Who could use  this pesticide?
                                        177

-------
00


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
•olfonout by tweiiowing or Inhalation.
Do not breath* fpray mitt. Do not get In
ey*t. A.oid contact w.th tkln. Ute only
when wearing th* following protective
woven cotton Over a" i, wetarproot hat,
uniined neoprene glove* end boon. WMr
fffetv goggle* end/Or fece thlclcj. Weer •
mat* or rcipiriTO' loirttly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement and Safety
Admin ittrat ion and by the National
Inttitut* for Occupational Safety and
Health. Bafor* 'amoving glove*, wath
them wilh detergent *nd w*l*r. Alwayt
we*n hanot, fece and arm* with datar-
gent and water before tmoking, aaiing
Of drinking. For emergency eiilttance.
call 000 000 0000.
TO PHYSICIAN De Metho it e »evertible
cholinattaraM inhibitor. Do not UM
0>imct tuch *t 3 »»AM. Give Atropin* 2
mg. intravanoutJv of •ubcutaneoutly. If
in eye, intlill on* drop of Homairopine.
Clow tupervition o' the p*iient i» indi.
ceted 'or at icttt 40 hourt.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thit petticid* »• to«ic to wildlife and
mtott fr«qu*nt*d By wilOhl* or •dtacant
ftreemf or pond*. Do not apply where
runoff it likely to occur. Do not epo'V
from target area, Do not contaminate
water by cleaning o» equipment or di»-
POMl of wait**.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keeo away from heat end
OD«r« flam*. ^
(
V
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It it • violation of FM«ral l«* to WM *»i«
product in • m«nn«r inconiitttnt ivitn It!
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 houri after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE -Do not contaminate water,
food, or feed by ttoreo* or dltpof.fl.
Open dumping it prohibited. OlS'OS-
At-»e«lcide, fpray mlature. or rinaat*
that cannot be weed or chemically repro-
ceaaed ahowW M dlfpoetd of In a landfill
eoproved for ootticWet or bwiad In a
•ate place away from water ewppiie*,
Conteinera fhomld be triple rutted end"
Offered for recycling, recondition inf. e*
dltpOMd in approved laneJfitl or bvrted ki
• Mf* plac*.
Coxteuli Pederel, tune or local Olepoeal
MrtMrltlM *«r apprevod alternate proca-
dvree.
^
/^v
s—
t»i •—
<^
V



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

^DE METHO^pX
T TTX
Av
cc \
>/\
^
&
INSECTICIDE f \ \ \>^>
^* \ \ s^
Emulsifiable Concentrate \ *.,-
s- '\ v N s S
ACTIVE INGREDI6NT:< METHW.YL 4 y/24%
INERT INGBfiOlENVS: '» \Z^ 76%
.^
D-
TOTAL: " ^ '. ' 100%
,S"\ Net Content: 50 gallons
O>IIS^RjpUCT OpNt*ffl%/V8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
EmKTHOI^A/IIEGi^TCM^b TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
/KE^'^Wt OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF INHALED • Remove to frath air. Call a Dhyncian immadiatBlv.
IF IN EYES • Fluih eves with plenty ol water tor at lean IS minun
physician immediately.
wash tkin wiih toap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

CROK
5™Ł'^
Altilli A C
_,—
CM»flOM< A C
aitfwti
fcrOMH A G
C"~-
{Mrv * C
Coin
ISwII
CuCHmtw G
MHWO-EHI
-"*-»- G
P*M»i A G
A C
Sq«n
'—
* G
Chrvwn-

>

DIRECTIONS FOR USE
CONTINUED
SPRAY PREPARATION
Fill tprty tank % to » htH O» water. Add D«
Mitho OJracth; to iprty tank and mkk thor-
owfhly, yilng mechanical or hvdrenlfc meant;
da not WM air a|itaiion.
APPLICATION
Apply at the recommended ratM whan irueco
lint ip peat. Unleii otherwiie noted, contlmie
applicttloni at ft- to 7-d*y intrvati or «
needed. U» tutf«ieni water (H6 fall per
•era by Ctrl 10 obtain tnorowfh, ymform cov
eraai. Apply th* tow ratal on tmjil plant*,
vnali wormt and light Inteiteioni of tntacn.
Ut* intermediate rttai On larger worm* and
heavier infatiatiora of Iniecti. UM 1 to 3 ep-
plicaiiora of lit hiflhett recommended rtta
lor controlling tnere inf«tiatk>n». Theree'ltr,
UM th* lowett rate pouttt* 10 mamiain con-
trol.
NOTICE TO BUYER
Seller warrant! that tub product conform! to
iM Chemical description on th* laOat thereof
end tt reeto natty t*no to WM ol th« prod-
uct contrary to label UN direction*, or under
abnormal UM condnwni. or under condition
not raatoneMv foreMeable IO t*"*r; buyer •*-
tumet all ritk ol any wctt UM. Seller mekat no
Other warreniiet. ••prew or implied.
r*urcheM O> Ihit material doe* not confer any
right* under patentt ol count rwt outtida Of
the United Sutek
CROP USAGE
iNSfCTS
a«( A*mnmm. .i»»,i Bv*
LMlMpHn
kkiiun BM« B««M
D«— b«t *«*•
^rrrr1"-
C.W»«i UK*.. Imp CiMnpunrni
bttafi loop*
tvwHm . (wi 1.3 dm of • iwM

CltUp Low*
Gnwi Null ApMid
Tymorm. C«tM*i LaopH
l^fhoppn Em o»
Flu fifOtt I*M. Ri*«
CM^. U«l*
1*) 	 rm lauiten

fto— , *** ^nl. C-**. L«(».
Cibtar Loop*. Corn Emnrm.
BMI Aimymarni. Thfipi iHHhtr)
PINII
«• ACfll
1 • «
1 • t
I
1 - 1'
1 • 4'
2 . 4-
1 • *.'
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1 • 1
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I • *
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t»ST AWLtCATION OAVf
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-------
                            LABELS AND  LABELING
                                     UNIT V


            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3--INTERPRET ANTI-WEED  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to  locate  important information that must
be contained on all  pesticide labels.  Read the label  on the following page  and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment  sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     Who was the manufacturer?


   2.     What is the brand name?


   3.     What is the common  name?


   4.     What is the chemical  name?


   5.     What is the percentage  of active ingredients?


   6.     What is the signal word used  on  the label?


   7.     For  what toxicity category does the signal word stand?


   8.     How much pesticide does this  container  hold?


   9.     What is the EPA registration number?


  10.     What is the EPA establishment number?


  11.     If  you  applied this to corn on Monday, when  is the first day you could safely
         reenter the fields without wearing  protective  clothing?


  12.     If  you applied it on June 1, when is the first day you could graze your livestock
         in  that area?


  13.     Is  this  a  restricted use  or general  use  pesticide?


  14.     Is  this  pesticide flammable or corrosive?
                                         179

-------
             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
        Anti-Weed
                             206
FOR WEED CONTROL

IN CORN
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
              Total:
          100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                HI-DEM
                Chemical Company
                Chemical City, West Virginia
                  180

-------
                                         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #3
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions 01 Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead makes no other
express or implied warranty ol Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it. subject to the foregoing Conditions
Ol Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period  or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces.
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store  Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches         Recommended 	  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate ~  for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions tor Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green  Foxtail           Annual Morningglory     Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters         Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                  Rate per acre of  An ti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15lbs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions lor Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules.  3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana. Arkansas, Missouri. Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: I) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
  Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           181

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                            LABELS AND LABELING
                                    UNIT V
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #4--INTERPRET NO-DISEASE  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read the  label on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What is the  brand  name?


   2.     What is the  common name?


   3.     What is the  chemical name?


   4.     How much pesticide  does  this container hold?
   5.     If you plan to harvest your beans on Saturday but on Monday notice gray mold,
         could you spray with this? Why or why not?
   6.     How long  would you have to wait after spraying to feed your cattle bean vines
         or hay?
   7.     When could workers reenter the fields after spraying without wearing protective
         clothing?
   8.     What  is the signal  word on  the  label?


   9.     For what toxicity  category does the signal word stand?
                                        183

-------
                         DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                             PECANS: Peon Sub. Brown LMfipot. Downy Spot, Pmntoy MIMn
    No-Oiiease  Benomyl  Fungicide  should  be  used  only  in accordance
    with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kilt-Dead
    recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 onl>), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop; also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate lor large mature trees.
 Add required amount of  No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous agitation is required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1 jibs, per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200  to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent amount  of No-Disease  per acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in  treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch. Ftyspetk-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at '/i" green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 02. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse  effects on fruit finish and  color may result: if finish and  color are of
 primary  importance, do not use more than 4 oz  per 100 gals.
 Postharvcst Fruit Rots (Botrytis »p.. Renteillium ip.. Gloeosporium *p.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be hetd in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply  8 oz, per 100 gals,  alter harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinia), Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply 1 > j to 2
 lb<. per acre at 25°b to 50%  bloom; repeat at peak  bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or  feed treated bean vines or hay  to livestock.
 CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS, MELONS,  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight, Powdery Mildew, Anthracnose
 -Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to  run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAM!A NUTS  (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply I3.  Ibs.
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14-day inter
 vals through  the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthraenose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 first appearance of panicles (appro*. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fnjits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to  bed surface at the rate of 12V» gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply  immediately
 alter casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, il disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                CONTINUED ON HMKT PMUL
           NO-DISEASE
 BENOMYL      FUNG
                       Wettable  Powder
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
  Benomyl [Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-
  2-benzimtdaxolecarfaamate]
INERT INGREDIENTS
u.s r.i«. i.wi.m i I.MI.IT*    EPA Est. 1 352-WV-1
                      50%
                      50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                     Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly alter using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case ol contact, (lush skin or eyes with plenty of water:  for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT—Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet durinp storage. This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not m  use. Do not re-use container: crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or  ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drill from  areas treated. Do not corTtaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                   NET  5O  LBS.
B 21150  8 73A                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

     KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
           Chemical  City, West Virginia
'4 to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThWavtopsIs paradoia)-Use \V» Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES,  NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, FruH Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use Vt
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red  bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as tor Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of'/? Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated:  Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover: Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
alter harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest ; use 14 Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zoput spp. and Altemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis). Powdery MiWew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight. Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14 day intervals, using ^ Ib. per acre. Anthracnose—Apply 1 Ib.  per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day  intervals  as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratoeystii paradoxa)-Appry
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting: remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 02. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50'C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes: remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES (Powdery Mildew.  Black Spot);  FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytlt Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, ol water (1 tabtespoonful per 2 gals.): for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and  repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season: shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tulip, Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris);  Fusarium and PintcHUum
Rots-Use l!>3 Ibs. per 100 gals, ol water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs lor 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85'F.). preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are tor forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably tit tor purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase ol  this  material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                                                                           CO
                                                                                                                                                           C/)
                                                                                                           X
                                                                                                           m
                                                                                                          *

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                            LABELS AND LABELING
                                    UNIT V

                      ANSWERS  TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS
Assignment Sheet #1
   1.     A-Z Chemicals
   2.     G
   3.     24%  (1.8 pounds  per  gallon)
   4.     L
   5.     H
   6.     A
   7.     A, C, H
   8.     B
   9.     D
  10.     J,  L
Assignment Sheet #2
   1.     De Metho
   2.     methomyl
   3.     Does not have to appear if there is  an  approved  common name
   4.     Seven days after application
   5.     a.   Up to 14 days before
         b.   Up to 1 day at 2 pints/acre or up to  2  days  at over 2 pints/acre
   6.     24 hours
   7.     1357-43
   8.     1357-VT-1
   9.     50 gallons
  10.     Danger (Poison, Skull  and Crossbones)
  11.     Highly  toxic
  12.     Restricted use
  13.     Any  certified pesticide applicator
                                        185

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Assignment  Sheet  #3

   1.     Kill-Dead

   2.     Anti-Weed

   3.     atrazine

   4.     2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine

   5.     20%

   6.     Warning

   7.     Moderately toxic

   8.     50 pounds

   9.     1352-519

  10.     1352-WV-1

  11.     As soon as any dust had  settled  on that  Monday

  12.     On June 22

  13.     Unable  to  determine because  new label has not yet come out, but the dealer
         can tell  the applicator  when  he/she goes to buy  this pesticide

  14.     No


Assignment  Sheet  #4

   1.     No-Disease

   2.     benomyl

   3.     Methyl  I (butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate

   4.     50 Ibs

   5.     No-14 days to  harvest

   6.     Cannot feed  the treated bean vines and hay  to livestock

   7.     After the spray has dried  on

   8.     Caution

   9.     Slightly  toxic  to relatively nontoxic
                                        186

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                    LABELS AND  LABELING
                             UNIT V
                              TEST
Match  the terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left. Place  the
appropriate  numbers  in the  blanks  provided.

	a.  Poisonous;  ability  to cause  injury  to
          plants and  animals, including humans

	b.  Technical  information  including  the
          label  and  any  other printed material
          provided  by  the  manufacturer  or  its
          agent to accompany a pesticide product

	c.  Chemical  or other substance that can
          cause  injury  or   death   when  eaten,
          absorbed,  or  inhaled  by  plants   or
          animals,  including  man

	d.  Words which  must appear on pesticide
          labels  to  show toxicity  of pesticide

	e.  Written material attached  to or printed
          on a pesticide container or wrapper

	f.  Unwanted organism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Label
Signal
words
Pesticide
Pest
Active
ingredient
Toxic
Labeling
Poison
Reentry
	g.  Chemical or other  substance that will
          prevent, repel, destroy, or control a pest
          or  protect something  from a pest

	h.  That part of a pesticide product which
          will  kill  or  control  pests or  prevent
          damage  by  them

	i.   Period   of  time  between  a  pesticide
          application and when workers  may  go
          back  into  an  area  without  wearing
          protective clothing or equipment

Select from  the  list below  those  statements  indicating when  to read a label.
Place an  "X"  in  the appropriate  blanks.

	a.  Before  use or  purchase

	b.  Before  mixing
      c.  Before  applying

      d.  Before  transporting, storing, and disposing
                                 187

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3.     Match the users of the labels on the right to the ways the labels are used on
       the  left.  An  answer may be  used  more  than  once.

       	a.  Use  labels to control  sale,  use, safety,      1.     State and
                storage, and  disposal of pesticides                federal
                                                                 governments
       	b.  Use  labels  as  the license  to  sell   a
                pesticide                                   2     Manufacturers
                                                                 of pesticides

             c.  Use  labels to determine the antidote  to            D   I  s   nd
                use in the proper treatment of poisoning       '     pest control
                cases                                             experts

      	d.  Use labels  as  a way  of deciding which      4     Buyers and
                pesticide will   be effective  against  the            users
                pest and be the safest to use
                                                           5.     Physicians
      	e.  Use   labels  to   decide  what  safety
                precautions to take  and  how much
                pesticide to use

      	f.  Use    labels    to   aid   in   making
                recommendations to  buyers  and users

4.    Select from  the  list below the agency in the federal government responsible for
      regulating sale and  use  of pesticides  and  registering  labels.

      	a.  U.S. Department of  Agriculture

      	b.  State  Department of Agriculture
             c.  Environmental  Protection Agency
             d.  Environmental  Control  Agency
5.     Identify facts contained on a  pesticide  label by reading the following label and
       answering the questions  below.

       a.   What is  the brand name?


       b.   What is  the common name?


       c.   Who  is the manufacturer?


       d.   What is  the chemical name?


       e.   Is the material a wettable powder, granular, or emulsifiable concentrate?
                                      188

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             SAMPLE LABEL— FRONT PANEL
    NOMITE  SOW
            Miticide

      Wettable Powder Formulation
     For Control of Plant-Feeding Mites

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
  Methylethylbutyl phos (metbutin)           50.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS                    50.0%
          E.P.A.  Registration No. 1576-491
          E.P.A.  Establishment No. 1576-NC-1
      POISON     ٰ    DANGER
        DANGER: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
               See other cautions on side panel

      THE MOW CHEMICAL COMPANY

            SNOWBALL, N.C. 27000
                   189

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 6.     Match the  terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left. Place the
        appropriate numbers  in the  blanks  provided.

        	a.  Well-known, made-up name accepted by     1.      Brand
                 the Environmental Protection Agency to            name
                 identify  the  active   ingredients   in  a
                 pesticide                                   2.      Common
                                                                   name
        	b.  Scientific  "often  complicated"  name
                 which  tells  what the  active ingredients     3.      Chemical
                 are                                               name

        	c.  Name   used  by  a   manufacturer  to
                 identify  a  pesticide as their product

 7.     Match the signal words on the right to the toxicity categories on the left. Place
        the  proper numbers in the blanks  provided.

        	a.  Highly toxic pesticides; the word poison     1.      Caution
                 printed  in   red  and  the  skull   and
                 crossbones symbol  are also required on     2.      Warning
                 labels  of highly  toxic pesticides
                                                            3.      Danger
        	b.  Slightly  toxic  to  relatively  nontoxic
                 pesticides

        	c.  Moderately  toxic pesticides
 8.     Discuss  in  a short paragraph  days to  harvest and days  to  slaughter in the
        application of pesticides.
 9.     Discuss reentry regulations  following application of pesticides.
10.     Name the factors  that  form the  basis for pesticide classification into  general
        use  or restricted  use pesticides.
       a.

       b.

       c.
                                         190

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11.    Distinguish between general use and restricted use pesticides by placing an "X"
       in the blank  indicating  general use pesticide.

       	a.  Pesticide use that may cause damage in the environment or endanger
                 the  applicator or other persons even when label directions are followed

       	b.  Pesticide use that will not cause excessive damage in the environment
                 or  endanger the applicator or other persons when  applied according
                 to  label directions

12.    Interpret  the De Pesto label  on  the  next page  by answering  the following
       questions.

       a.   What is  the  common name?
       b.   If  you applied this to control  lygus bugs in alfalfa, how long would  you
            have to wait  before  cutting or grazing?
       c.   How close to harvest  could you  spray  potatoes?
       d.   If  you sprayed  corn  on Wednesday, when  is the first day workers could
            go back  into  the  field without wearing protective  clothing?
       e.   Who could  buy this  pesticide?
                                       191

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CO
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
Poitonout by (wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breath* ipray mitt. Oo not gtt In
•Ą•». Avoid contact with tkin. UM only
whan wearing the following protective
equipment and clothing. Waar tightly -
wovan  cotton ovaralli. waterproof hat,
un lined nooprono glove* and booti. Wear
tataty 90001•» and/or faca thield. Wear a
motk or retpirator jointly approved bv
tha  Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety
Adminittration and  by  the National
Inttitute for Occupational  Safaty  and
Health.  Bafora removing glovot, wath
them with datargant and watar. Alwayt
waih hancti,  faca and armi with deter-
gent and water before tmoking, ••ting
or drinking.  For emergency ottlttonce,
call 000-000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN: De Petto it a rovortible
cholineitOraia  inhibitor.  Do not   uta
o»im«t  iuch  ai 2-PAM. Giva Atropine 2
mg. intravanoutly of tubcutanaoutly. If
in •Ą«, initill on* drop of Homatropine.
ClOM tupervition of (ha patient  it indi-
cated for at leatt 48 hourt.

  ENVIRONMENTAL  HAZARDS
Thit petticide  it toxic  to  wildlifa and
fith. UM with car* whan  applying in
araat frequented by wildlifa or odiacent
to any body  of watar. K**P  out of lake*,
ttraamt or pondt.  Oo not apply where
runoff  it likaly to occur. Oo  not apply


watar by claaning of equipment or dii
potal of waste*.

    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
           HAZARDS
                         hut and
                                                                 DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                            It it a violation of Fodarai law to uu thi

                                                            leboline-
                                                                RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                                   (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                            Do not enter within 48 hour* after
                                                            application.
                                                             CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                                   (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                               STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                            STORAGE — Do not contaminate watar,
                                                            food, or f*od  bv ttoraga or disposal.
                                                            Op«n dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
                                                            AL— Patticida. tpray  mixture. or rintate
                                                            that cannot be u*ed or ch«mic»lly repro-
                                                            cessed thouid ba diipoiad of in a landfill
                                                            approved for patticidat or buried in a
                                                            ia
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                        LABELS AND  LABELING
                                 UNIT  V
                           ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   6            f.    4

      b.   7            g.    3

      c.   8            h.   5

      d.   2            i.    9

      e.   1

2.     a,  b, c,  d

3.     a.   1

      b.   2

      c.   5

      d.   4

      e.   4

      f.   3

4.     c.   Environmental  Protection  Agency

5.     a.   Nomite

      b.   metbutin

      c.   Mow Chemical Company

      d.   Methylethylbutyl phos

      e.   Wettable powder

6.     a.   2

      b.   3

      c.   1

7.     a.   3

      b.   1

      c.   2
                                    193

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 8.     Discussion  should include:

        a.    Residue amounts are determined and safe  tolerances are  set

        b.    Least  number of days between last  pesticide  application  and harvest or
             slaughter are determined to  remain under  tolerance

        c.    Days to harvest or slaughter  are listed  on the label

        d.    Harvest  or  slaughter should not be attempted before time period  is over

 9.     Discussion  should include:

        a.    Wait  at least until  the deposit has dried  or  the  dust has settled  before
             reentering the field, even with the least hazardous pesticides

        b.    Follow reentry times on  label

        c.    Do not allow workers,  children,  or other persons to reenter the sprayed
             area until  this  time has  passed

        d.    Wear protective clothing and  equipment if reentry must be made before
             time  elapses

        e.    Federal standards require that at  least a hat, shoes and socks,  and  closely
             woven  fabric coveralls with long  sleeves and trouser legs (or long  sleeved
             shirt  and long  legged trousers) be  worn if early  reentry  must  be made

10.     a.    Hazard of  poisoning

        b.    Way  pesticide is  used

        c.    Effects on  the environment

11.     b

12.     a.    pestoff

        b.    28 days

        c.    15 days-Do  not apply  within 14  days of harvest

        d.    Saturday

        e.    Any  certified pesticide  applicator
                                        194

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                      PERSONAL SAFETY  AND  FIRST AID
                                     UNIT VI
                             TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion of this  unit, the student should be able to distinguish between acute
and chronic poisoning and between when to induce or not to induce vomiting. The student
should be  able to name three common families of pesticides and one example of each
family and  name ways pesticides enter the body.  The student should be able-to match
signal words to categories of toxicity, match degrees of poisoning to the signs and symptoms
of poisoning, match pesticide first aid kit items to their uses, and interpret labels correctly.
The  student should  be able  to  name  basic first  aid  rules and distinguish  between safe
and unsafe pesticide practices by surveying a farm. This  knowledge will be evidenced by
scoring one hundred  percent  on the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion of this  unit, the student should be able to:

        1.     Match terms  associated  with personal safety and first aid to the correct
              definitions.

        2.     Distinguish  between acute and  chronic  poisoning.

        3.     Discuss  in a  short paragraph the basis  for signal words.

        4.     Match signal  words to categories of toxicity.

        5.     Name three common families of pesticides and one example of each family.

        6.     Name the reasons for distinguishing between the families of pesticides.

        7.     Name three ways  pesticides enter  the  body.

        8.     Name the most  important  routes of entry for pesticides.

        9.     Discuss  in a  short paragraph the cholinesterase test.

      10.     Name the causes of most pesticide poisoning.

      11.     Match degrees of poisoning to the signs and  symptoms of poisoning caused
              by nerve poisons.

      12.     Select from  a list the signs and symptoms of  fumigant  poisoning.
                                       195

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13.     Name the basic first aid rules for  poison  on skin, chemical burns,  poison
        in  the  eye,  and inhaled poison.

14.     Select from a list the most important first aid measure in case of poisoning.

15.     Distinguish between when to  induce  vomiting  and when not to  induce
        vomiting.

16.     Discuss  in a  short  paragraph  the  procedure for inducing  vomiting.

17.     Name the symptoms  of shock.

18.     Name the steps to follow in case of  pesticide  poisoning.

19.     Name the local hospital or poison  control center that serves your area and
        that  can provide  emergency  treatment for pesticide poisoning.

20.     Match  pesticide first  aid  kit items to their uses.

21.     Distinguish between safe and  unsafe pesticide practices by surveying a farm.

22.     Interpret pesticide  labels  as  they  relate  to personal safety and  first aid.
                                   196

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                 PERSONAL SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                UNIT VI
                        SUGGESTED  ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with  objective sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with  information  and assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Collect chemical container labels for use in the classroom.

    E.   Collect information related  to pesticide  poisoning and  accidents.

    F.   Discuss terminal and  specific  objectives.

    G.   Discuss  information and assignment sheets.

         (NOTE: If student does not  have  a  farm to survey, assign  him one.)

    H.   Discuss  safety information contained on  labels.

    I.    Have  students assemble pesticide first aid kit.

    J.    Ask  students to role  play various  poisoning symptoms and accidents and
         allow remainder of class to describe proper first aid.

    K.   Contact a trained  medical  person  at the local hospital  or poison control
         center that provides treatment for pesticide poisoning and ask the person
         to speak to the class.

    L.   Have  class make drawing of human form and  mark areas which absorb
         pesticides  most quickly.

    M.   Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read  objective sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: If you do not  live  on a farm, check with one of your classmates
         or a farmer in your  community.)

    D.   Take  test.
                                   197

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                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.  Objective sheet

 II.  Information sheet

III.  Transparency masters

     A.  TM  1--Signal Words

     B.  TM  2-Ways  Pesticides Enter Body

IV.  Assignment sheets

     A.  Assignment Sheet  #1 -Distinguish  Between Safe and  Unsafe Pesticide
         Practices

     B.  Assignment Sheet #2~Describe Treatments for Poisonings

 V.  Test

VI.  Answers to test
                                    198

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                PERSONAL SAFETY  AND FIRST  AID
                               UNIT VI
                        INFORMATION  SHEET


I.  Terms and definitions

   A.   Antidote-Treatment  given by a medically trained person to reduce the
        effects of pesticide poisoning

   B.   Absorb-To take a  pesticide or other material into a plant, animal, or the
        soil

   C.   Acute  poisoning-Poisoning which occurs  after a single  exposure to a
        pesticide

   D.   Chronic poisoning-Poisoning which occurs as a result of repeated exposures
        to pesticides  over  a  period of  time

   E.   Contact-To touch  or be touched  by

   F.   Dermal  toxicity-How poisonous a pesticide is to man or animal  when in
        contact  with  the skin

   G.   Dilute-To make a pesticide thinner or weaker by adding water, oil, or other
        material; to water  down

   H.   First aid-First  effort to help a victim of poisoning while medical help is
        on the  way

   I.   Hazard-Risk  of danger; chance that injury  or harm will come to the
        applicator,  other persons,  plants,  or animals

   J.   Inhalation-To take air into  the lungs; to  breath in

   K.   Inhalation  toxicity-How poisonous a pesticide is to man or  animal when
        breathed in through  the lungs

   L.   LC^Q-Concentration  of a  pesticide in the  air which  would kill half of a
        large number of test animals exposed  to  it

        (NOTE: The lower the LC number value, the more poisonous the pesticide.
        It is often  used as the measure of acute inhalation toxicity. LC stands for
        lethal concentration.)

   M.   LDgQ-Dose or amount of a pesticide which would kill half of a large number
        of test  animals  if  eaten or absorbed through the skin

        (NOTE: The lower the LD number value, the more poisonous the pesticide.
        LD number values  are the commonly used measures of acute oral or acute
        dermal  toxicity. LD  stands for lethal dose.)

   N.   Lethal-Deadly

   0.   Oral-Through  the  mouth
                                  199

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                               INFORMATION  SHEET
          P.   Shock-Severe reaction of the human body to a serious injury; can result
              in death if not treated
          Q.   Signs and  symptoms-Warning that something is  wrong
              (NOTE:  A sign is an outward signal of  a disease or poisoning in  a plant
              or animal,  including humans. A  symptom is  a feeling  of being sick.)
          R.   Toxicity--How  poisonous  a  pesticide is to a living organism
          S.   Vomitus-Matter which  is vomited
     II.   Acute versus  chronic  poisoning
          .A.   Acute-Poisoning  which occurs after a single exposure  to  a  pesticide
          B.   Chronic-Poisoning  which occurs  as a  result  of repeated exposures  to
              pesticides over a period of time
              (NOTE:  Signs and symptoms of acute and chronic poisoning  may be the
              same.)
     III.   Basis for signal  words (Transparency  1)
          (NOTE: If any of these forms of toxicity is highly toxic, then the pesticide
          label must  carry  the  signal word for highly  toxic.)
          A.   Acute oral toxicity  of  the  pesticide
          B.   Acute dermal toxicity of the pesticide
          C.   Acute inhalation toxicity of the pesticide
     IV.   Signal words  and categories of toxicity
Categories
1
Highly
Toxic
II
Moderately
Toxic
III
Slightly
Toxic
IV
Relatively
Nontoxic
Signal Word
Required on
The Label
DANGER
(skull and
crossbones
POISON)
WARNING
CAUTION
CAUTION
Categories of Acute
Toxicity
LD50 LC50
Oral Dermal
mq/kq
0-50 0-200
over 50 over 200
to 500 to 2,000
over 500 over 2,000
to 5,000 to 20,000
over 5,000 over 20,000
Inhalation
mq/1
0-0.2
over 0.2
to 2.0
over 2.0
to 20
over 20
Probable Oral
Lethal Dose
for150lb.
person
A few drops
to a teaspoon-
ful
Over one
teaspoonful
to one ounce
Over one ounce
to one pint or
one pound
Over one pint
or one pound
(NOTE:  A small child  would be  poisoned  by much less pesticide than  the  150 pound
person in the  example.  Keep all pesticides out of the  reach of children!)
                                         200

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                         INFORMATION  SHEET


V.  Families of pesticides

    (NOTE:  These are  three common families of insecticides which act  as nerve
    poisons.  Common  names  are  not  capitalized;  brand  [trade]  names  are
    capitalized.)

    A.   Organophosphates or organophosphorous

            1.     parathion

            2.     TEPP

            3.     Phosdrin

            4.     phorate (Thimet)

            5.     demeton  (Systox)

            6.     Di-Syston

            7.     Guthion

            8.     phosphamidon

            9.     Monitor

           10.     malathion

                  (NOTE: Many of the Organophosphates are highly toxic orally,
                  dermally, and through inhalation. Some are only slightly toxic.)

    B.   Carbamates

            1.     aldicarb (Temik)

            2.     carbofuran  (Furadan)

            3.     carbaryl (Sevin)

            4.     formetanate hydrochloride  (Carzol)

            5.     methomyl  (Lannate)

                  (NOTE: Many carbamates are  only moderately or slightly toxic.
                  However, some are highly  toxic orally, dermally, and through
                  inhalation.)

    C.   Chlorinated hydrocarbons or  organochlorines

         (NOTE:  DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, and heptachlor belong to  this
         family. However, there may be fewer registered uses for agriculture in the
         future.)
                                   201

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET

               1.     endrin
               2.     lindane
               3.     methoxychlor
               4.     endosulfan  (Thiodan)
               5.     dicofol (Kelthane)
                     (NOTE: Some chlorinated hydrocarbons are considered hazardous
                     because they persist  in the environment. Also, some are  highly
                     toxic dermally and  orally.)
  VI.   Reasons for distinguishing  between families of pesticides
       A.  Pesticides within a family cause the same  kinds  of poisoning
       B.  Pesticides within  a family are sometimes similar in the hazards they cause
       C.  First aid  and antidote for poisoning are the same within a  family
 VII.   Ways  pesticides enter the  body  (Transparency  2)
       A.  Oral
       B.  Dermal
       C.  Inhalation
VIM.   Most  important routes of  entry for pesticides
       A.  Applicator-Dermal and inhalation
       B.  Small  children-Oral and dermal
           (NOTE:  You can be  poisoned no matter which  way the pesticide  enters
           your body.  It may enter and  poison you through all three routes of entry
           at  the same  time.)
  IX.   The cholinesterase test
       A.  Chemical  cholinesterase is necessary for nervous system to function properly
           (NOTE:  Without  this chemical  the  person  will die.)
       B.  Carbamate 'and organophosphate pesticides  attack cholinesterase  in  blood
           and make it useless
       C.  A simple  blood test is used to determine cholinesterase level and measure
           pesticide  exposure
                                      202

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                         .INFORMATION SHEET


 X.   Causes of most pesticide poisoning

     A.  Careless  practices

     B.  Ignorance

         (NOTE:  Learn safe procedures;  it is  for your  own good.)

XI.   Signs  and symptoms of poisoning caused  by nerve  poisons

     (NOTE: Some nerve poisons are organophosphates, carbamates, and chlorinated
     hydrocarbons.)

     A.  Mild

            1.     Fatigue

            2.     Headache

            3.     Dizziness

            4.     Blurred vision

            5.     Too  much sweating  and salivation

            6.     Nausea  and vomiting

            7.     Stomach cramps and  diarrhea

     B.  Moderate

            1.     Unable  to  walk

            2.     Weakness

            3.     Chest discomfort

            4.     Muscle  twitches

            5.     Constriction  of  pupil of the eye

            6.     Earlier  symptoms become more severe

     C.  Severe

            1.     Unconsciousness

            2.     Severe  constriction of pupil of eye

            3.     Muscle  twitches
                                   203

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                           INFORMATION SHEET
              4.    Secretion from mouth and  nose
              5.    Breathing difficulty
              6.    Fever
              7.    Intense heat
                    (NOTE:  Unfortunately,  all  signs and  symptoms of  pesticide
                    poisoning are not the same. The sickness may be mild or severe,
                    depending on the pesticide and the amount absorbed. However,
                    the pattern of illness caused  by one family of pesticides is always
                    the  same.  On  the  other hand, having some  of the signs and
                    symptoms does not always mean you have been poisoned. Other
                    kinds of sickness may cause similar signs and symptoms. Headache
                    and  a  feeling of being unwell, for example, may signal the start
                    of many kinds of illness.  It is the pattern of symptoms that makes
                    it possible to  tell  one kind of  sickness from  another.)
 XII.   Signs and. symptoms of fumigant poisoning
       A.  Person appears drunk
       B.  Poor coordination
       C.  Slurring words
       D.  Confusion
       E.  Sleepiness
           (CAUTION: Do  not let yourself or anyone else get dangerously sick before
           calling your doctor or going to a hospital. It is better to be too cautious
           than  too late. Take the  container  and  the label of the pesticide to the
           doctor.)
XIII.   Basic first aid  rules
       A.  Poison on  skin
              1.    Act  quickly
              2.    Remove  contaminated clothing and drench skin  with  water
              3.    Cleanse skin and hair  thoroughly with  detergent and  water
                    (NOTE:  Liquid  detergents and commercial  cleansers are better
                    than soap.)
              4.    Dry  victim  and wrap  in  blanket
                    (CAUTION: Do not allow pesticide to get on you while you are
                    helping the victim.)
                                      204

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                     INFORMATION SHEET


B.   Chemical burn

        1.    Wash  with  large quantities of running  water

        2.     Remove contaminated clothing

        3.     Cover burned  area  immediately with loose,  clean, soft  cloth

              (NOTE: Do not apply ointments, greases, powders, or other drugs
              in  first  aid treatment  of  burns.)

C.   Poison  in  eye

        1.     Wash  eye quickly  but gently

        2.     Hold eyelid open and  wash with gentle stream of clean  running
              water

        3.     Wash  for  15  minutes  or  more

              (CAUTION: Do not use chemicals or drugs  in the wash water.
              They  may  increase the extent of the injury.)

D.   Inhaled  poison

     (NOTE: If patient is in  an  enclosed area, do not enter without  proper
     protective clothing and equipment.  If proper clothing is not available, call
     for emergency equipment from  your fire department.)

        1.     Carry victim  to  fresh  air immediately

        2.     Get victim to a doctor

        3.     Open all doors and windows so no one else will be poisoned

        4.     Loosen  tight  clothing

        5.     Apply artificial respiration if breathing has stopped or is irregular

        6.     Keep  victim as quiet as possible

        7.     Prevent chilling

              (NOTE: An important step in good first aid is to  call the doctor.
              It  is the initial  effort to help a victim while  medical help is on
              the way that  is important. Before  going to  call for emergency
              help if you are alone with the victim, make sure that the victim
              is  breathing and that he/she  is not further exposed. Always save
              the pesticide  label  for the doctor.)
                               205

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


XIV.   Most important  first aid measure--Remove or dilute the pesticide with water

 XV.   When to induce or not to  induce vomiting

       A.   Read the label for instructions

       B.   Never  induce vomiting

               1.     If the victim is  unconscious or  is in  convulsions

               2.     If the victim has swallowed a corrosive poison

                     (NOTE:  A corrosive poison is a strong acid or alkali. A corrosive
                     poison  will burn the throat and  mouth as severely coming up
                     as  it did going down. It may also get into the lungs and cause
                     severe damage there  also.)

               3.     If  the  victim has swallowed  emulsifiable concentrate  or oil
                     solutions

                     (NOTE:  Emulsifiable concentrates and oil  solutions cause severe
                     damage  to the lungs if  vomited.)

       C.   Induce  vomiting-Only  if the  label or a  trained medical person tells you
            to

XVI.   Procedure for inducing vomiting

       A.   Position victim face down or  kneeling forward

            (CAUTION:  Do not allow victim  to lie  on his back because the vomitus
            could enter the lungs and cause  severe  damage.)

       B.   Give victim large  amounts of  milk or water

            (NOTE: One  to  two cups should be given  to a victim up to five years
            of  age  and up to  a quart for victims five years of age and older.)

       C.   Put finger or the  blunt end of a  spoon  at the back of victim's throat or
            have victim drink a glass  of very salty  water

            (CAUTION:  Do not  use anything which is sharp or pointed.)

       D.   Collect  some of the vomitus for doctor if you do not  know what the poison
            is

            (NOTE: In  any poisoning emergency, think first of  water.  Your first aim
            is  to remove  the  pesticide no  matter where it is. Then get the victim to
            a doctor fast.)
                                      206

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                              INFORMATION SHEET


  XVII.  Symptoms of shock

         A.   Skin pale, moist, cold,  and clammy

         B.   Eyes vacant with dilated  pupils

         C.   Breathing  shallow and irregular

         D.   Pulse weak,  rapid, and  irregular

XVIII.   Steps to follow in case  of pesticide poisoning

         A.   Call doctor or  take  victim to the  doctor or hospital

         B.   Check to  see if patient  is breathing

         C.   Locate pesticide label and have available for doctor

   XIX.  Local hospital or poison control center that serves your area and that can provide
         emergency treatment for  pesticide poisoning

         A.   City 	Address  	

         B.   Telephone: Area Code 	 Number 	
              (NOTE: Make sure your  doctor  has the number of the poison center.)

   XX.  Contents of  pesticide  first aid kit and their uses

         A.   Plastic  bottle of  detergent-Used  to  wash pesticides quickly off the skin

         B.   Plastic  container  of salt-Used to induce vomiting and to aid a person in
              shock

         C.   Bag of  activated  charcoal-When mixed with  water and swallowed acts as
              an absorber of all pesticides

         D.   Shaped  plastic airway-Used for mouth-to-mouth  resuscitation

         E.   Plastic  bottle of  clean water-Used for diluting the salt

         F.   Band-aids, bandages, and tape-Used  for wrapping cuts and scrapes and for
              protecting burns

         G.   Blanket-Used for covering a victim

         H.   Coins-Used  for emergency phone calls

         I.    Clean  empty jar-Used as a drinking glass or for collecting vomitus
                                        207

-------
                          Signal Words
      DANGER
NJ
o
CO
Moderately Toxic
                       Highly Toxic
                                            Slightly Toxic to

                                            Relatively Nontoxic

-------
        Ways Pesticides Enter Body
Oral
                 Dermal
                                   Inhalation

-------
                     PERSONAL SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                    UNIT VI
         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #1~DISTINGUISH BETWEEN  SAFE AND
                        UNSAFE PESTICIDE  PRACTICES
Everyone can improve his methods of handling pesticides. Each year many accidents occur
because of  improper and careless  handling of pesticides. How do you  stand? Are you
following safe practices? Check yourself by answering the following questions as you are
surveying a farm. Remember that one  "NO"  may be  what gets you in trouble. When
you  have answered all  the  questions, return  the assignment sheet to your  instructor for
evaluation.
STORE  YOUR  PESTICIDES SAFELY

Do you have a separate space to store pesticides?

Do you keep it locked and are the windows tight, barred,
or boarded over?

Do you keep all your pesticides in this storage rather than
in the  garage,  feed  room, basement, porch, kitchen, or
refrigerator?

Do you store herbicides separately from other pesticides?

Are there signs on your storage so firemen and others are
warned?

Do you check periodically  for leaking containers?

KEEP IN THE ORIGINAL  CONTAINER SO THE LABEL
IS THERE!

Do you  always keep pesticides  in the original container
instead of old "coke" bottles, milk cartons, or other food
containers?

When people ask you for a little spray mix out of your tank
do  you refuse?

Do you always remember what is  in an unlabeled container?

Do you always  remember the safety precautions, antidotes,
and  directions for use, even though  the  container is  not
labeled?

Do you safely dispose of unlabeled pesticides, rather than
take a chance with your memory?
Yes
D
D
D
D
No
D

D
          D
           D
                                      213

-------
USE    THE    RECOMMENDED    CLOTHING    AND
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Do you read the label to see  what protective clothing you
should wear?

Do you start each  spraying day with clean spray clothing?

Do you check the signal  word and precautions for use on
the label to see what protective equipment is  necessary?

Do you wear the protective equipment recommended on the
label?

Do you clean  and  maintain  your protective equipment
regularly and often?

Do you throw away rubber gloves that have only tiny holes
in them?

SPILLS AND SPLASHES OF  CONCENTRATES CAN BE
VERY HAZARDOUS!

Do you know what to do if  you  should spill a pesticide
on yourself while  mixing?

Do you wear adequate footgear with your pant cuffs on the
outside so  pesticides won't run into your footgear?

Do you have sawdust, vermiculite, kitty litter, or some other
absorbent  on hand to soak up spills?

Do you always watch your sprayer tank when filling so it
won't  run  over and  spill  on  the ground?

Do you have  a  check  valve  or  other  device on your
equipment to prevent back-siphoning into the water supply?

Is your application equipment well maintained so it doesn't
leak and leave toxic puddles  or piles of  pesticide on the
ground?

Do you avoid draining leftover spray mix on  the ground?

Do you discard old high  pressure hose instead of patching
it and hoping no  one will be nearby when it bursts?

Do you clean nozzles with a brush or by rinsing instead of
blowing them out  with your mouth?
Yes
D
n
D
n
n
No
D
D       D
          D
D
n
n
n
                                        214

-------
POOR  CONTAINER  DISPOSAL  MAY  CAUSE  BAD
ACCIDENTS!
Yes
No
Do you rinse each "empty" liquid container at least three
times and dump  the rinsings into the tank?

Do you keep your used containers in your storage area until
disposed?

Do you collect every container for disposal before  leaving
a job instead of leaving them in the field or  at your tank
filling station?

Do you puncture, break,  or crush nonburnable containers
so they can't  be  reused?

Do you keep or return to the manufacturer 30 and 55 gallon
pesticide drums, rather than giving them away  for floats or
trash  barrels?

ATTRACTIVE NUISANCES CAN RESULT IN  LAWSUITS!

Do you keep your spray equipment where  children  cannot
play on it?

Do you  keep  your  spray  equipment clean so that those
touching it  will not  be contaminated?

Do you always release pressure on your equipment so spray
guns won't  be accidentally triggered?

CARE IN APPLICATION PREVENTS ACCIDENTS

Do you check the wind direction and the area downwind
before applying pesticides?

Do you consider  substituting a  safer chemical if you  are
spraying near a sensitive area?

Do you check for the possibility of showers and damaging
runoff before  applying pesticides?

Do you plan your pesticide application so it will have little
or no effect on  bees, birds, fish,  or  other wildlife?

Do you  remove,  turn over, or cover up  pet  dishes, sand
boxes, and  plastic pools before spraying private property?

Do you make sure that children and pets are out  of  the
area and stay  out until the spray dries?

Do you use the least toxic pesticide  that will control  the
known pest, if all other factors are  equal?
D
D      D
          D
D       D
D       D
D       D
                                       215

-------
                      PERSONAL  SAFETY AND  FIRST  AID
                                    UNIT  VI
      ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #2--DESCRIBE  TREATMENTS FOR POISONINGS
Listed  below you  will find several  imaginary  cases of poisoning. The  purpose of this
assignment is to determine if you have the ability and knowledge of describing the necessary
treatment  of each one. After completion  of this assignment turn  in to  instructor for
evaluation.

   1.     Your sister has told you that she will be spraying in the southwest cotton  fields
         all morning.  When she doesn't appear for lunch,  you and  a  friend drive out
         and find  her lying in the field. She is vomiting, is unable to walk, has pinpoint
         pupils, and her muscles are  twitching.

         a.   By what route(s) of  entry was  your sister probably poisoned?
         b.   What would  you do?
   2.     Your  little brother  is crying and  screaming  on the floor of the mixing area.
         You notice a bottle  of De Metho next to him and see traces of it on his mouth
         and tongue. You  are alone at the time.

         (NOTE: Use  the  De Metho  label  on the following page.)

         a.   By which route(s) of entry was your  brother probably  poisoned?
         b.   What do you do?
                                       217

-------
NJ
CO



PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poltonou* by (wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breethe eprey mift. Do not get In
eye*. Avoid contact with ikin. UM only
when wearing the following protective
equipment and clothing. Weer tightly.
woven cotton overelli. wetarproof hat.
unlined neoprene glove* end boot*. Wear
•efety gogg'ei and/or face thlald. Weer e
met* or retplrator Jointly approved by
the "Mining Enforcement and Safety
Adminittratlon and by the National
ln*tituta 'or Occupational Safety and
Health. Before removing glove*, wath
them with detergent end water. Alwayt
wath hand*, face and arm* with deter-
gent end water before emohing. eeting
or drinking. For emergency e*f. nance,
cell 000 000 0000.
chol inetter eta inhibitor. Oo not ute
Oktimet twch at 3-PAM. Qive Atropine 2
mg. intravenoutly of >ubcuianaou*ly. If
in eye. inttill one drop of Hometropine.
CIOM tuperwition of tha patient it indi-
cated for at laatt 49 hour*.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thu petticide i* to«>c to wildlife end
fi*h. UM with care when applying In
area* treovented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of lahn.
•treem* or pond*. Do not epply where
runoff i* likely to occur. Do not apply
when weether condition* favor drift
from target tree. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or die-
potet ot watte*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammablel Keep eway from heat end
open flame. ^

(C:
DIRECTIONS FOR USE XV
It 1* e violation of Federal lew to UM thla \
product in a manner incontinent with In \S
labeling. ^
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hours attar application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-DO not contaminate water.
food, or feed by ttorege or dtipoMl.
Open dumping i* prohibited. DISPOS-
AL -Poilte Id*, epray mUture, or rln*at*
trtet cannot be ueed ot chemically repro.
eeeiitf ehoutd be diapoaed of tn a landfill
approved for pettictdee or buried In e
•efe place ewev from water ewpplie*.
Container* ahowtd be triple rlnaed end
Offered for recycling, recondition tog, or
dtopowd W aoprevao landfill or butted m
aeefeptace.
Coneult fedonjl. ttet* or locel Olepeael
d*jree.




RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

ea^DE METHO^iX
^ TTX
^
CN >
^y^. <
$
&
INSECTICIDE \ \ \ \SS
E mulsif iable Concentrate \ fVx"^
. W V > 'A Vv ^
_-xi \ V. i\ >
ACTIVE INGREDI6OTV METVOftyt. -\^/24%
INERT INGBSfAEim: \ s-\.>' 76%
TOTAL: ' .-. J> < . ^ 100%
X\ Net Content: 50 gallons
e^lS^JKpUCT fcONffcrtosA8 LBS Of DE METHO PER GALLON
^•SJE ral»HOI^A»41EGlST*H#b TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
D-5

iKE^^tft OF REACH OF CHILDI
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting Dv giving a tablespoonful of salt in
warm water. Repeat until vomitus is clear Call a physician imr
IF IN EYES • Flush eves with plenty ot water tor at least 15 minuti
physician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In case ot contecl. remove contaminated clothing and im
wash skin with soap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

*EN
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DIRECTIONS FOR- USE
CONTINUED
SPRAY PREPARATION
fW (Drey tana * to * hid o* witar. AaM Oe
Matho dVecUy to iprev ««* end mU thor-
oughly. Ming mechentcel or hydraulic mem;
do net ww air agitation.
APPLICATION
Apply tl the reconvnended raw whenLnetcH
tint epoear. Unleei otherwhe noted, continue
applicMton* at »• to 7-dey tntinieli or M
needed. UM MUicient water IH» gata per
acre by elr) to obtain thorowgh. i*n.form cow
ereg*. Appty tha tow retei on email plant*.
•nail worm end light Infenationt of intact*.
UM intannediata rate* on larger warm and
ptiCBliOM of tha highett recom
(or controlling Mvera infMtaiioni
uta tha lowMt rate pottibl* to r.
not.
NOTICE TO BUYE
SalteriMirraAti rAet e>it ivoduci
and ft njeeonebry Ih for pwrpoi
tuch label onty when uted in ace
direction! under normal UM cor
warranty doe* not a«tand to UM
uct contrary to label WM direct*
abnormal UM condittont. or und
not reaaonebty foraiMaMi to M)
luma* til ri*h ol any tuch ut*. Sei
Other werreniiM, etxpreu or irnpl
rXirchoM of thit meteriel doM n
nghu under patent* of countri
tha United lute*.
CROP USAGE
••men
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LAST AmjCATlOM DATS
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ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2

-------
                         ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2

3.     Your  hired man is treating a grain  silo.  You come by to check on him  and
      he talks strangely and seems confused by your questions.  He tells you. that he
      wants to take a nap before finishing the job.

      a.   What type of poisoning  do you  think he probably  received?
      b.   What do you do?
4.    You have been spraying  with  phosphamidon and phorate for the  past couple
      of weeks. Today,  however, you were just working in a field which you recently
      sprayed.  Now you have a headache and  seem very dizzy. You are sweating,
      having severe stomach cramps,  and beginning to vomit. You feel weak all over.
      a.
What  type  of  poisoning do you think you have?
      b.   What should you  do?
                                   219

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                   PERSONAL SAFETY  AND  FIRST  AID
                                  UNIT VI
                  ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
1.     a.   Dermal and  inhalation

      b.   Get her and  you out of the area fast. Send your friend to  call  a  doctor
           and/or ambulance. Meanwhile, get your sister to fresh air and take off her
           spray  clothes and equipment. Wrap her in a blanket. If any  chemical has
           soaked through to the skin, get her  into a shower,  pond, or other water
           source and wash the chemical off with detergent and water. Ask your friend
           to  try to find the container and label of the pesticide being used. Keep
           her quiet until  help  arrives  or wrap  her in a blanket and  take her and
           the pesticide label to the hospital.

2.     a.   Oral

      b.   Get him and you out of the area fast. Take the container and label with
           you. The label  says  to  induce vomiting  by giving a teaspoon of  salt in
           a glass of warm water.  Keep  giving  your brother this  until the vomitus
           is clear. Keep him on his  knees leaning forward the whole time. Then get
           a large glass of cream or milk and try to get it down him. Call the  doctor
           or  ambulance. If  any  of the pesticide remains on his hands, mouth, clothing,
           or  body, wash it  off with detergent and water.  Wrap him in a  warm blanket
           and take him to  the hospital or wait for  the ambulance.

3.     a.   Acute fumigant

      b.   Yell for help and have  somebody nearby call the doctor. Put on an air
           supplied respirator before going in  after him. Get you  and your  buddy
           to  fresh  air immediately.  If  you  have  oxygen available  (air  supplied
           respirator),  give  him  some.  Make sure he is breathing. Remove all of his
           clothing and if necessary  wash him  with detergent  and water. Wrap him
           in  a warm blanket. Have someone get the pesticide  and  label that  he was
           using.  Wait  for ambulance or get victim and pesticide label to the hospital.

4.     a.   Chronic organophosphate

      b.   Have  someone drive  you to  the hospital or call an ambulance. Take along
           the labels which  you have been using recently. Ask them to check  your
           blood cholinesterase  level.
                                      221

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                   PERSONAL  SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                  UNIT  VI
                                    TEST
1.     Match  the terms on the right to the correct definitions on the  left  by placing
      the appropriate  numbers in  the  blanks provided.

      	a. Treatment given by a  medically trained
               person to reduce the effects of pesticide
               poisoning

      	b. Through the  mouth
            c. Matter which is vomited
            d. To take a pesticide or other material into
               a  plant,  animal,  or  the  soil

           _e. How  poisonous a pesticide is to a living
               organism

           _f. Deadly

           _g. Severe reaction of  the human body to
               a  serious injury;  can result in death if
               not treated

           _h. Poisoning  which  occurs after a single
               exposure to  a  pesticide

           J.  Dose  or amount of a pesticide which
               would kill  half  of a large number of test
               animals if eaten or absorbed through the
               skin

               Poisoning  which  occurs as a result of
               repeated exposures to pesticides over a
               period of  time

           _k. Concentration  of a  pesticide  in the air
               which would kill  half of a large  number
               of test animals exposed to it

            I.  To touch  or be  touched by

           _m. How  poisonous a pesticide is to man or
               animal when  breathed in  through the
               lungs

           _n. How  poisonous a pesticide is to man or
               animal when in  contact with the skin

           _o. Risk  of  danger;  chance that  injury or
               harm  will come to the applicator, other
               persons,  plants, or  animals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Inhalation
Inhalation
toxicity
LC50
LD50
Lethal
Oral
Vomitus
Shock
Signs and
symptoms
Toxicity
Antidote
Dilute
Absorb
Dermal
toxicity
Acute
poisoning
Contact
Chronic
poisoning
First aid
Hazard
                                     223

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      	p. To take air  into the  lungs; to breathe
                in

      	q. To make a pesticide thinner or weaker
                by adding water, oil, or other material;
                to  water  down

      	r.  First effort to help a victim of poisoning
                while medical  help  is on  the  way

      	s.  Warning that something is wrong

2.     Distinguish  between acute and  chronic  poisoning  by placing  an "X"  in front
       of the statement representing chronic  poisoning.

       	a. Poisoning  which occurs after  a  single exposure to  a  pesticide

       	b. Poisoning  which occurs as a result of repeated exposures to pesticides
                over a  period  of time

3.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph the basis  for signal  words.
4.     Match signal words on the right to the categories of toxicity on the left. Answers
       may be used more than once in a blank.

       	a.  Moderately toxic
                                                           1.     Danger (Skull
       	b.  Slightly  toxic                                     and Crossbones,
                                                                  Poison)

       	c.  Highly  toxic                                          .
       	                                              2.     Warning

             d.  Relatively nontoxic                        ,,      _  ..
       	                                              3.     Caution

5.     Name three common  families of pesticides and one  example  of each  family.

       a.

       b.

       c.

6.     Name the  reasons  for distinguishing between the  families of pesticides.

       a.

       b.

       c.
                                       224

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 7.    Name  three ways pesticides  enter  the  body.
       a.
       b.
       c.
 8.    Name  the  most important routes of entry for pesticides.
       a.   Applicator-
       b.   Small  children-
 9.    Discuss in  a short  paragraph the cholinesterase test.
10.    Name  the  causes of  most pesticide poisoning.
       a.
       b.
11.    Match  the  degrees of  poisoning on the right to the signs and symptoms of nerve
       poisoning on  the left.  Answers may be  used  more than  once in a blank.
       	a.  Headache                                  1.     Mild
       	b.  Muscle twitches                            2.     Moderate
             _c.  Unable to walk                            3.     Severe
              d.  Fever
              e.  Blurred vision
             _f.  Constriction of pupil  of the eye
             _g.  Chest discomfort
             _h.  Nausea and  vomiting
             _i.  Intense heat
                 Stomach  cramps and  diarrhea
              k.  Secretion from mouth and  nose
             _l.  Unconsciousness

                                       225

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12.    Select from  the  list  below signs and symptoms of fumigant poisoning. Place
       an  "X"  in  the appropriate blanks.
       	a.  Confusion
       	b.  Vomiting
             _c.  Sweating
             _d.  Poor coordination
              e.  Sleepiness
             _f.  Slurring words
              g.  Wants to fight
              h.  Person  appears  drunk
13.     Name the basic  first aid rules  for the following types  of  poisoning.
        a.   Poison on  skin

        b.   Chemical burn

        c.   Poison in eye

        d.   Inhaled poison

14.     Select from the list below the most important first aid measure in case of
        poisoning.
        	a.  Antidote
        	b.  Remove or dilute the pesticide  with  water
        	c.  Detergent
              d.  Commercial  chemicals
15.     Distinguish  between when to induce vomiting and when not to induce vomiting
        by answering the following  statements "Yes"  or "No."
        	a.  Victim swallowed an  emulsifiable  concentrate or oil solution
        	b.  Label tells you to
             _c.  Victim swallowed a  corrosive  poison
              d.  Trained medical person instructs  you to
                                       226

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16.    Discuss in  a short  paragraph the procedure  for inducing vomiting.
17.    Name  the  symptoms of shock.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

18.    Name  the  steps to follow in  case of  pesticide  poisoning.

       a.

       b.

       c.

19.    Name  the local hospital or poison control center that serves your area and that
       can provide emergency treatment for  pesticide  poisoning.
                                      227

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20.     Match  the pesticide first aid kit items on the right to their  uses on  the  left.
        Place  the correct  numbers  in  the blanks.
             _a.  Used as a drinking glass or for collecting
                 vomitus

             _b.  Used to  wash  pesticides quickly off the
                 skin

             _c.  Used for emergency phone calls

             _d.  Used to induce  vomiting and to aid a
                 person in  shock

             _e.  Used for covering a victim

             _f.  Used for wrapping cuts and scrapes and
                 for protecting burns

              g.  Used for diluting the  salt
1.   Bag of activated
     charcoal

2.   Plastic bottle of
     detergent

3.   Clean empty jar

4.   Shaped plastic
     airway

5.   Plastic container
     of salt

6.   Coins

7.   Plastic bottle of
     clean  water

8.   Band-aids, bandages,
     and tape

9.   Blanket
              h. Used for mouth-to-rnouth  resuscitation
              i.  When  mixed with water and swallowed
                 acts as an absorber of all pesticides
21.     Distinguish between safe and  unsafe  pesticide  practices by surveying a farm.

        (NOTE: If the above activity has not been accomplished  prior to the test, ask
        your instructor when  it  should  be completed.)

22.     Interpret the following De Pesto label correctly by answering the questions below
        taken from the label.

        a.    What  would you do if a friend accidentally swallowed  this pesticide?
        b.    By what routes of entry will  this pesticide poison  humans?
        c.    What is the antidote which a physician would use for this type of poisoning?
                                         228

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CO
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
Poitonout by swallowing or inhalation.
Do not breathe spray mitt. Do not get in
eyes. Avoid contact with skin. Use only
whan  wearing  the  following protective
equipment and  clothing. Weer tightly-
woven cotton overalls, waterproof hat,
onlincd neoprene glovet and boott. Weer
uf*tv gogglai and/or f>ca shield. Waar a
mask or  retpiretor jointly approved by
tha  Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety

Initituta  (or Occupational  Safety  and
Health. Before  removing  gloves, ivath
them with detergent and water. Always
watn handt.  face and armi with deter.
gent and water  before imoking. eating
or  drinking.  For emergency atslttance,
call 000 000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN: Oe Petto ii a ravertible
chQlinetterate  inhibitor. Do not  ute
oiimet such  at 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravenously of subcutaneoutly. >'


cated fo> ai lean 48 noun.

 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thu  p«t(icid*  it ionic to  wildlife and
fith.  Ute  with  cere whan  applying in
artat frequented by wildlife or adiacent
to any body  of water. Keep out of lakei.
ttraamt or pondi.  Do not  apply where

whan  weather  condition*  favor drift
from  target  area.  Oo not  contaminate

POtal o< wane*.

   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

           HAZARDS
Fiammebiel  Keep awey from heat and
open flame.
                                                          DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                      It it a violation of Federal law to ute thii

                                                      labeling.
                                                          RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                             (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                      Do not tntcr within 48 hours after itter
                                                      application.
                                                       CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                             (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                         STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                      STORAGE-Oo not contaminate water,
                                                      food, or  teed bv ttorage Of disposal.
                                                      Open dumping it prohibited. DtSPOS-
                                                      AL-Petticide, tpray mixture, or rinsate
                                                      that cannot be used or chemically repro-
                                                      ceued should be diipoted of in a landfill
                                                      approved  for pet tic id et  or buried in  a
                                                      tafe place away trom  water tuppliet.
                                                      Coniainert thould be triple r in ted  and
                                                      offered for recycling, r •conditioning, or
                                                      diipoted in approved landfill or burled in
                                                      a u'a place.
                                                      Contult Federal. State or local Oitpotal
                                                      autfioriilet for approved  alternate proce-
                                                      dure*.
                                                                                                              RESTRICTED   USE   PESTICIDE
                                                                                                                 FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                                                CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                                                DIRECT SUPERVISION
                       INSECTICIDE
            EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid   45.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS:                             55.0%
TOTAL:                                             100.0%
                                                                                                             THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                                                                                           KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                                     DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

                                                        warm water. Repeat until vomitut it clear. Call a physician immediately.
                                                      IF INHALED • Remove to freth air. Call a phytician immediately.
                                                      IF IN EVES - Fluih eyei with plenty  of water for at lean 15 minutet. Call a
                                                        phytician immediately.
                                                      IF ON SKIN • Incate of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
                                                        weth tkin with detergent and water.

                                                                    SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                      PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                      MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                         CHEMTON, NEVADA
                                                                       EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-1
                                                                  EPA REGISTRATION NO.  1357-42
                                                                      NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                                                         DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                              CONTINUED

                                                                                  METHODS OF  APPLICATION:  The mini-
                                                                                  mum gallonage requirement It 10 gallons of
                                                                                  finithed spray par acre with ground equip-
                                                                                  ment. 2 gallont per acre with aircraft.
                                                                                                                a Wet
                                                                                  Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alf
                                                                                  Larvae, Pee Aphid, and in New York ttate for

                                                                                  De Petto indicated in the chart, when feeding
                                                                                  it  noticed or when  intectt appear. Alfalfa
                                                                                                                                                                                              Wee
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                hen
                                                                                                                                                                                              intectt appear. Lygut Bugs-Apply 2 pinti per
                                                                                                                                                                                              ecre  prior to bloorn.  Obterve the indicated
                                                                                                                                                                                              number of dayt after  application before cut-
                                                                                                                                                                                              ting or grazing. Do not apply more than once
                                                                                                                                                                                              per season.  Apply only  to  field planted  to
                                                                                                                                                                                              pure ttandsof Alfalfa.
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Pintt Of                DO Not Cut
                                                                                                                                                                                                 Oe P
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Wii
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2                   28 days

                                                                                                                                                                                              CORN.  FIELD:  Ground Application-Corn
                                                                                                                                                                                              Rootwormt-Uta 1V,  pinti  of Oe Petto per
                                                                                                                                                                                              13.OOO linear feet (1 acre with 40 inch (pac-
                                                                                                                                                                                              ing). Apply, at planting, as a 7 inch band over

                                                                                                                                                                                              mining with water or liquid fertilizers. When
                                                                                                                                                                                              De Petto is uted with liquid fertilizers, mix in
                                                                                                                                                                                              the following way making lure that the mix-
                                                                                                                                                                                              ture it phyticallv compatible. Prer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ihil
                                                                                                                                                                                               rintingt from the premtK
                                                                                                                                                                                               tain  agitation  in tha  tan
                                                                                  SUGARCANE: Sugarcane Borer-Apply 1-1 K
                                                                                  pintt De Petto per acre uting ground or aerial
                                                                                  equipment. Check sugarcane fieldt weekly.

                                                                                  through Augutt.  Make firtt application only

                                                                                  tha plants are infested with young larvae feed-
                                                                                  ing in or under the leaf sheath and which have
                                                                                  not bored  into  the ttalkt. Repeat whenever
                                                                                  field  checkt indicate the infettation exceeds
                                                                                  5K. Oo not apply within 17 dayt of harvett.
                                                                                  Do not use in Hawaii.
                                                                                  ORANGES. LEMONS, GRAPEFRUIT,  and

                                                                                  and Ground application-Citrut thript-Apply
                                                                                  Oe Pesto at M to 1 Ib. par acre. Use sufficient
                                                                                  water to Obtain thorough coverage (5 to 15
                                                                                  gait/acre by air). Use the higher rate on tevere

                                                                                  tpring before bloom when the new growth It
                                                                                  about 3 to 4 inche* long. Make addition*! ap-
                                                                                  plications at needed until the new fruit is wal-
                                                                                  nut siie. Application at petal fall may be criti-
                                                                                  cal to  prevent  fruit  tcarring.  Application!
                                                                                  during mid-summer to protect new growth on
                                                                                  young trees are alto recommended.
                                                                                  Do not apply within 3 days of harvest. Do not
                                                                                  grata 11 vet tock in treated orchards for 10 davt
                                                                                  e'tar  treatment.

                                                                                  POTATO:  Tuber worm,  cabbage   looper,
                                                                                  aphidt,  and In ar«at east of the Minittlppi
                                                                                  River, leafhoppert and  flea beet let.  Apply
                                                                                  De Petto at indicated rates when field check*
                                                                                  indicate tha intact infettation  it above SK.
                                                                                  Tuber worm, cabbage looper and aphid—apply
                                                                                  K  to 1 Ib. per  acre. Leaf hop per and flea
                                                                                  beetles-apply M  Ib per  ecre.  Do not apply
                                                                                  within 14 dayt of harvest.

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                   PERSONAL SAFETY AND FIRST AID
                                  UNIT VI
                            ANSWERS TO TEST


1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
11
6
7
13
10
5
8
h.
i.
j-
k.
I.
m.
n.
15
4
17
3
16
2
14
o.
P-
q-
r.
s.


19
1
12
18
9


2.    b

3.    Discussion  should  include:

      a.    Acute oral  toxicity  of pesticide

      b.    Acute dermal toxicity  of pesticide

      c.    Acute inhalation toxicity of pesticide

4.    a.    2

      b.    3

      c.    1

      d.    3

5.    a.    Organophosphates or organophosphorous-Example should be any one of
           the  following:

           parathion, TEPP, Phosdrin, phorate (Thimet), demeton (Systox), Di-Syston,
           Guthion,  phosphamidon.  Monitor, malathion

      b.    Carbamates--Example should be any  one of the  following:

           aldicarb   (Temik),  carbofuran  (Furadan),  carbaryl  (Sevin),  formetanate
           hydrochloride (Carzol), methomyl (Lannate)

      c.    Chlorinated hydrocarbons or organochlorines-Example should be any  one
           of the following:

           endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, endosulfan (Thiodan), dicofol  (Kelthane)
                                     231

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 6.     a.   Pesticides within  a  family  cause the same  kind  of poisoning
        b.   Pesticides within a family are sometimes similar in the hazards they cause
        c.   First aid and antidote for poisoning are the same within  a family
 7.     a.   Oral
        b.   Dermal
        c.   Inhalation
 8.     a.   Dermal and inhalation
        b.   Oral and dermal
 9.     Discussion  should  include:
        a.   Chemical cholinesterase is necessary for nervous system to function properly
        b.   Carbamate  and  organophosphate pesticides  attack cholinesterase in  blood
            and make it  useless
        c.   A simple blood test is used to determine cholinesterase  level and measure
            pesticide  exposure
10.     a.   Careless practices
        b.   Ignorance
11.     a.   1             g.    2
        b.   2, 3         h.    1
        c.   2             i.    3
        d.   3             j.    1
        e.   1             k.    3
        f.   2, 3         I.    3
12.     a, d, e, f,  h
13.     a.   Poison on skin
            1)   Act  quickly
            2)   Remove  contaminated clothing and drench  skin with  water
            3)   Cleanse skin and  hair thoroughly  with detergent and  water
            4)   Dry victim and wrap  in blanket
                                        232

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       b.   Chemical  burn

            1)   Wash with  large quantities of  running  water

            2)   Remove contaminated clothing

            3)   Cover burned  area  immediately with loose,  clean, soft cloth

       c.   Poison in eye

            1)   Wash eye quickly  but gently

            2)   Hold eyelid open and wash with gentle stream of clean  running water

            3)   Wash for  15  minutes or more

       d.   Inhaled poison

            1)   Carry victim  to fresh air immediately

            2)   Get victim to a doctor

            3)   Open all doors and windows  so no  one else will be  poisoned

            4)   Loosen  tight  clothing

            5)   Apply  artificial respiration if  breathing  has  stopped or is  irregular

            6)   Keep victim as quiet as possible

            7)   Prevent chilling

14.    b

15.    a.   No

       b.   Yes

       c.   No

       d.   Yes

16.    Discussion should  include:

       a.   Position  victim face down or  kneeling forward

       b.   Give victim   large  amounts of  milk or water

       c.   Put finger or the blunt end of a spoon at the back of victim's throat or have
            victim  drink a glass of  very salty  water

       d.   Collect some of the vomitus for doctor if you do not know what the poison
            is
                                       233

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17.      a.    Skin pale, moist, cold, and clammy



         b.    Eyes vacant  with dilated pupils




         c.    Breathing shallow and  irregular



         d.    Pulse weak,  rapid, and  irregular



 18.     a.    Call  doctor or take victim to the  doctor or hospital



         b.    Check  to see if  patient is  breathing



         c.    Locate pesticide  label and  have available for doctor
19.
20.





21.
22.
Evaluated to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3
2
6
5
9
8
Evaluated to
a.
Induce v
the satisfaction of the instructor
g- 7
h. 4
i. 1



the satisfaction of the instructor
vomiting by giving a tablespoon of
              Repeat  until vomitus is clear.  Call a physician immediately.



         b.   Oral and  inhalation, probably  dermal  also  (avoid  contact  with skin)



         c.   atropine
                                          234

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          SAFETY BEFORE,  DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                     UNIT  VII


                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion  of  this  unit, the student should be  able to  discuss safety  steps for
transporting pesticides.  The student should be able to  name safety rules before,  during,
and  following pesticide application. The student should be able to discuss the types of
clothing and equipment needed for pesticide applications and be able to interpret pesticide
labels. This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring one-hundred
percent on the unit test.


                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this unit, the student should be  able  to:

        1.     Match terms associated  with safety  in pesticide  application to  the  correct
              definitions.

        2.     Name factors to consider before applying  pesticides.

        3.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph safety  steps for  transporting pesticides.

        4.     Name factors that  determine types of protective clothing and protective
              equipment needed.

        5.     Name safety precautions  used  while mixing and handling concentrated
              pesticides.

        6.     Discuss in a short paragraph reasons for not  applying pesticides  on a windy
              day.

        7.     Name ways to  prevent exposure during  application.

        8.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph what  is meant  by sensitive areas.

        9.     Select from  a list  ways to avoid spills,  drifts,  and runoff.

       10.     Discuss  in a  short paragraph steps for equipment safety and maintenance.

       11.     Select from  a list  the ideal times  of day  to apply  pesticides.

       12.     Name factors to consider following  application.

       13.     Name safety rules  to follow in cleaning up after application.

       14.     Discuss  in short  paragraphs the  types of protective clothing and equipment
              needed  for  pesticide applications.

       15.     Match types of  respirators to  their uses.

       16.     Name safety rules  for using the respirator correctly.

       17.     Interpret labels  correctly  by answering questions pertaining to  safety.
                                         235

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     SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                UNIT VII
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with information and  assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss  terminal and specific objectives.

    E.   Discuss  information and assignment sheets.

    F.   Check local dealers to determine which ones sell proper protective clothing
         and equipment.

    G.   Assemble the different types of respirators and demonstrate proper use,
         clean-up, and storage of each.

    H.   Assemble  the  basic  types of protective  clothing and  equipment.  Give
         students a sample label, target pest, and application site and ask them to
         put on  the necessary clothing and equipment for the job. Allow class to
         critique  both over and under protection for  the job.

    I.    Assign several groups of students a pesticide  job, including pest, crop or
         animal,  pesticide,  etc.  Using the proper label,  ask them to  describe  what
         to  wear, how to mix,  what day and time to apply, equipment safety, and
         clean  up procedure.

    J.    Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read  objective  sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment sheets.

    D.   Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information sheet
                                   237

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 III.   Transparency masters




      A.  TM  1--Securing  Containers




      B.  TM  2--Proper Mixing




      C.  TM  3-Proper Clothing  For Mixing




      D.  TM  4-Protective Clothing  and Equipment




      E.  TM  5--Types of  Respirators




 IV.   Assignment sheets




      A.  Assignment Sheet #1-Interpret De  Metho Label




      B.  Assignment Sheet #2-Interpret No-Disease  Label




      C.  Assignment Sheet #3-Interpret Anti-Weed Label




 V.   Answers  to  assignment sheets




 VI.   Test




VII.   Answers  to  test
                                      238

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    SAFETY  BEFORE,  DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                               UNIT  VII
                        INFORMATION  SHEET
I.   Terms and  definitions

    A.   Application-Process  of directing or  placing  pesticides on or  in  plants,
        animals,  buildings, soil, air, water,  or other site

    B.   Cartridge-Cylinder-shaped part of the respirator which absorbs fumes and
        vapors from  the  air

    C.   Cannister-Metal or plastic container filled with absorbent materials to filter
        fumes  and vapors from  the  air

    D.   Dose, dosage-Portion or amount of pesticide  mixture which is directed at
        the target

    E.   Downwind-Direction  toward which the  prevailing  wind is blowing

    F.   Drift-Movement  by  wind and air currents of droplets or particles of  a
        pesticide

    G.   Environment-Surroundings,  usually water,  air, soil, plants, and  animals

    H.   Vaporize-To  form a  gas  and disappear  into  the air

    I.   Exposure-Not protected or shielded; contact with pesticides through mouth,
        lungs,  or skin

    J.   Face shield-Piece of  protective equipment used by a pesticide  applicator
        to protect  face from exposure

    K.   Fume-Unpleasant or  irritating smoke, vapor, or gas

    L.   Neoprene-A  kind of  synthetic rubber

    M.   Pollute-To make unclean or  unsafe

    N.   Reentry interval-Period of time between a pesticide application and when
        persons may  reenter  an area without  wearing protective  clothing and
        equipment

    0.   Respirator-Face mask which  filters out  poisonous gases  and particles

        (NOTE: A respirator  is used to protect the nose, mouth, and  lungs from
        pesticide injury.)

    P.   Target-Pest to be treated with a pesticide
                                   239

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                          INFORMATION SHEET


 II.  Factors to consider before applying  pesticides

     A.   Transportation

          (CAUTION:  Use  safest  way of getting the pesticide  to  the  place  of
          application.)

     B.   Climatic  conditions

          (NOTE: Check for possible  wind or rain before applying and listen to the
          weather forecast.)

     C.   Protective clothing and equipment

          (NOTE: Use what  is  needed  for the job. Remember that safety comes first.)

     D.   Mixing and  filling

          (CAUTION: Protect  yourself and the environment.)

     E.   Reading  label

          (NOTE: This is a must. Always read the label for correct dosages, hazards,
          precautions, and the types of protective clothing and equipment that will
          be needed  for  the job.)

     F.   Equipment

          (NOTE:  Ask yourself if you have the correct equipment for the job and
          if the equipment  is  in  proper  working condition.)

III.  Safety steps  for  transporting pesticides  (Transparency  1)

     A.   Never carry pesticides inside car or truck cab

     B.   Secure containers  to keep from  shifting, rolling, or bouncing

     C.   Never transport livestock  feed, seeds,  or groceries in the same load with
          pesticides

     D.   Never allow children to ride on  or near pesticides

          (CAUTION: Carelessness in  moving pesticide poisons can result in broken
          containers, spills,  contamination,  and  injury to  people and animals.)
                                     240

-------
                          INFORMATION  SHEET
IV.   Factors  that  determine  types  of  protective clothing and protective equipment
     needed

     A.   Always wear  at least closely woven fabric coveralls (or long sleeved shirt
          and long legged trousers), socks and waterproof shoes (or boots), a hat,
          and gloves.

     B.   READ THE LABEL!

          (NOTE:   The  label will   state the  additional  protective clothing  and
          equipment necessary for  the pesticide being  used.)

     C.   Toxicity  of pesticide

          (NOTE:  Check the signal words on  the  label.)

     D.   Formulation

          (NOTE:   Some formulations are more  hazardous to the applicator than
          others.)

     E.   Application equipment

          (NOTE:  If you will be drenched with spray or inhaling dust, spray or fumes
          take  more precautions.)

     F.   Degree  of exposure

          (NOTE:  Take more precautions if you will  be working with pesticides for
          a  long period of time.)

 V.   Safety  precautions used while  mixing and  handling  concentrated  pesticides
     (Transparencies 2  and 3)

     A.   Use neoprene or  natural  rubber gloves  and  boots, closely woven fabric
          coveralls, rubber  apron, goggles, hat, and a respirator if needed

          (NOTE:  When mixing  concentrated highly  toxic  pesticides all  protective
          clothing  and  equipment must  be  worn, including  a  respirator.)

     B.   Mix only what will be used

     C.   Mix according to  the  label

     D.   Do not  combine pesticides

          (NOTE:  Combining pesticides  is sometimes approved. However, the label
          or  a  local expert  must verify  this.)
                                    241

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


      E.   Avoid splashes, spills,  and drift when opening containers

      F.   Change clothes immediately  in case of a splash  or spill

      G.   Stand with head  above fill  hole  of spray tank

           (NOTE:  Splashing  pesticides in  your face and  eyes can  be  extremely
           dangerous.  You must  keep  your  head and  face  well above the fill  hole.
           Do  not  stand downwind  when pouring or  mixing.)

 VI.   Reasons  for not applying  pesticides on  a windy day

      A.   Drift and vaporization

      B.   Injury to wildlife, plants, pollinators,  and domestic animals

      C.   Contamination of surface  water, such as ponds, streams, rivers, and  lakes

      D.   Increase  in inhalation  and contact  hazard to  the applicator

           (NOTE: The  applicator is legally  responsible for any injury or money loss
           on crops due to pesticide drift onto nontarget areas.  Don t  take a chance
           by spraying when it  is windy.)

VII.   Ways to prevent exposure  during application

      A.   Wear protective clothing and equipment

      B.   Do  not  wipe hands  on clothing

           (NOTE:  Carry a  special towel for  wiping hands.)

           (CAUTION: Do not wipe gloves on your  clothing,  especially if chemicals
           are on the gloves. Your clothing can become contaminated and the chemicals
           may soak through to  your  skin.)

      C.   Never blow out clogged hoses, nozzles, or  lines with your mouth

      D.   Never eat,  drink, or smoke  when  handling  pesticides

      E.   Work in  pairs when handling hazardous pesticides or  at least let someone
           know where  you  will  be  working

      F.   Keep persons, livestock, and pets out of spray area

           (NOTE: When working with  pesticides day after day, even moderately  toxic
           chemicals  can  poison you. Wear protective  equipment,   especially  a
           respirator.)

           (CAUTION: Do not let children or pets play around sprayers, dusters, filler
           tanks, storage areas,  or old pesticide containers.  Use the  proper  rates.
           Overdose won't kill pests twice but  may injure humans, crops, or wildlife.)
                                      242

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


VIM.   Sensitive  areas-Areas or  locations of  parks, playgrounds, bird and  wildlife
       sanctuaries, ponds,  streams, water supplies, barnyards, feedlots, pastures,  bee
       yards, schools, homes, hospitals, and any other areas where out-of-place pesticides
       might cause harm

  IX.   Ways  to  avoid  spills, drift, and  runoff

       A.  Do not  apply  during  high winds

       B.  Check equipment for  leaks and proper delivery rate

       C.  Use  proper formulation  for  the job

       D.  Do not  apply  if rain  is approaching unless the pesticide calls for it,  like
           some protectant fungicides  and some herbicides

  X.   Steps  for  equipment  maintenance and safety

       A.  Check for leaks in pump and tank

       B.  Check for leaky hose connections and carefully dispose of worn or cracked
           hoses

       C.  Keep spray tank lid  tight

       D.  Stay  with  tank during filling

       E.  Shut down machinery while  making repairs or adjustments

       F.  Do not  blow out clogged lines with  your  mouth

           (NOTE:  Your  application equipment  can help you  use pesticides safely.
           However, poor  maintenance  and careless use  can add to the hazard.)

  XI.   Times of  day to apply pesticides

       A.  Early morning

       B.  Evening

           (NOTE:  Wind speed is usually lowest at these times of day, and drift hazard
           is greatly  reduced. Avoiding full  daylight hours may  lower  the contact
           danger to  birds, mammals,  and pollinators.)

       C.  Anytime on a day which is  calm  or still and when  crops or weeds are
           not  in full  bloom
                                      243

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


 XII.   What to  do following application

       A.  Dispose of  empty  containers

       B.  Store  leftover pesticides

       C.  Clean  up  equipment

       D.  Determine reentry  interval

           (NOTE: Reentry time on the label must be checked and workers and other
           persons must be warned.)

XIII.   Cleaning  up after application

       A.  Always take a shower  or  bath  when  you finish using pesticides

       B.  Change spray clothing daily and separate spray clothing from family laundry

       C.  Launder  the spray clothing separately from  all other clothing

       D.  Do not wash clothing  in  streams or ponds

           (NOTE: The pesticides on your spray clothes could harm other people who
           touch  them. Warn  the  person who will be washing your spray clothes of
           possible danger.)

XIV.   Protective  clothing   and   equipment   needed  for  pesticide  applications
       (Transparency  4)

       (NOTE: Use protective clothing and equipment called for on  the  label.)

       A.  Gloves

              1.     Obtain unlined, elbow length neoprene or  natural rubber gloves

                     (NOTE: Some chemicals will dissolve rubber or make it sticky.)

              2.     Make  sure sleeves are outside  your gloves

                     (NOTE: This should be done  unless spraying overhead.)

              3.     Discard  the gloves if any  holes  appear

              4.     Wash gloves with detergent  and  water before removing

                     (CAUTION:  Never use cotton or leather gloves unless specified
                     on the label. These can be more hazardous  than  no protection
                     at all  because they  hold the pesticide close  to  your skin.)
                                       244

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                     INFORMATION SHEET


B.   Coveralls

        1.     Wear clean tightly woven  fabric coveralls that cover entire body
              or long sleeved  shirt and  long legged trousers

              (NOTE:  Most applicators  who apply pesticides regularly  have
              special coveralls kept just  for  pesticide  applications.)

        2.     Wear waterproof suit or apron when mixing highly toxic pesticides

        3.     Wear  waterproof  suit  when  you  may  be  drenched  during
              application

        4.     Wash  clothes with  detergent and  water

C.   Boots

        1.     Wear  lightweight, unlined  neoprene or natural  rubber boots

              (NOTE:  Boots should cover your  ankles.)

        2.     Put pant  legs outside  of  boots

              (NOTE:  This  will keep pesticide  from draining  into the boot.)

        3.     Wash  and dry  boots inside and out after each  use

D.   Goggles and face shield

        1.     Wear  tight-fitting goggles  or a face shield when pesticide spray
              or dust could get on  your face or in your eyes

        2.     Wear  goggles or face shield  when  pouring  and  mixing

        3.     Wash  goggles  or  face shield  after each  use

        4.     Wear  plastic  or  rubber headband  if possible

E.   Head  and neck covering

        1.     Protect  hair  and skin  on  neck from  pesticide  spray  or  dust

        2.     Wear  waterproof wide-brimmed hats or hard hats

              (NOTE:  In  cool  weather  a hooded  waterproof  parka  and a bill
              cap are also good.)
                                245

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                             INFORMATION SHEET


 XV.   Types  of respirators and their  uses  (Transparency 5)

       A.   Cartridge  respirator

            (NOTE: This is a half-face mask which covers the nose and mouth only.)

               1.      Use  when  exposed to  concentrated chemicals for short  periods

               2.      Use  when  exposed to  low concentration of toxic chemicals for
                      long  periods of time

                      (NOTE: The main limitation of this type of respirator is the short
                      life of  the  absorbing  material  in the cartridge.)

       B.   Gas mask or cannister respirator-Used when exposed to toxic fumes in
            heavy concentrations for long  periods of time

            (NOTE: This is a respirator which covers  the entire face and protects your
            eyes as well as your nose and mouth. It has more absorbent material than
            cartridge  respirators.)

       C.   Air-supplied respirators and self-contained air-supplied respirators

            (NOTE: These  are respirators which  cover the entire face. A separate air
            supply is  used,  not  the air with pesticide vapors in it.)

               1.      Use  when  oxygen supply in air is low

               2.      Use   when  exposed  to  high  concentrations  of highly toxic
                      pesticides in enclosed  areas,  such  as fumigation

XVI.   Safety  rules for  using  respirator correctly

       A.   Make sure it fits  properly on  your face

            (NOTE: It should be worn  ftghtly enough to form  a seal all around your
            face. Full  beards often do not allow a seal to form properly and, therefore,
            are  dangerous on pesticide  applicators.)

       B.   Check filter often

            (NOTE: Cartridges and  cannisters  should be changed at least after every
            eight  hours  of  use. If  you notice a pesticide odor,  first check  to  be sure
            the respirator is fitted properly on your  face. If the odor remains, change
            the cartridge or  cannister  immediately.)

       C.   Wash  face piece  with  detergent  and warm water
                                        246

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                     INFORMATION  SHEET
D.   Rinse thoroughly  and dry

     (NOTE:  Store  the respirator,  filters, cannisters,  and cartridges in a clean,
     dry  place away from  pesticides. A tightly  closed plastic bag works well
     for storage.)

E.   Use  only  those  respirators  approved  by  the  National  Institute  for
     Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or the Mining  Enforcement and
     Safety Administration (MESA), both formerly  U.S. Bureau of  Mines

     (NOTE:  The approved respirators will  bear a stamp with either NIOSH or
     MESA imprinted on  them.)
                               247

-------
                    Securing Containers
NJ
-P»
CD

-------
NJ
O1
                                  Proper Mixing
                                                           H
                                                           ^

                                                           N)

-------
01
CO
                                Proper Clothing
                                       for Mixing
                                                           CO

-------
Ol
O1
               Protective  Clothing and Equipment
                      Waterproof Hat
             Respirator
           Long Rubber or
           Neoprene Gloves
      Goggles
                                              Closely Woven Fabric Coveralls
Rubber or Neoprene Boots

-------
                         Types of Respirators
ISJ
01
•vj
          Cartridge
                 Cannister
                                            Supplied Air
Self-contained
                                                                             H
                                                                             ^
                                                                             01

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         SAFETY  BEFORE, DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                    UNIT  VII
            ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #1-INTERPRET  DE METHO  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read  the  label on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word  is on  the  label?


   2.     What toxicity category  does it represent?


   3.     What protective clothing would  you wear?


   4.     What protective equipment  would you use?


   5.     Who approved respirators for use with  De Metho?


   6.     Should you tuck  the trousers into the  boots?


   7.     Should you tuck  the sleeves into the gloves?


   8.     Is  drift a  problem with  this pesticide?


   9.     What would  you  wear while mixing De  Metho?
                                      259

-------
ro
§


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poltonowi by •wallowirtg or Inhalation.
Do not broth* tprey mitt. Oo not get in
eye.. Avoid contact with tkin. UM Only
equipment and clothing. Weer tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hel.
unlined neoprene g:ovn end booti. Wear
lefetv goggiet end/or face ehleld. WMr •
mesk or <»»plretO» Jointly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement end Safety
Adminiitration and by the Nation*)
Inititute for Occupational Safety and
Health. B'fore 'amoving glovoi, weth
them with detergent and water, A I way t
wain hands, 'ace and ermi with deter-
gent and water before imoking, eating
or drinking. For emergency attlttan^e,
call OOO OOO'OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN. De Met ho it • reveriibla
ehoiineiierne inhibitor. Oo not UM
OKimet «uch at 2-f»AM. Give Auopine 2
mg. intravenously ol •ubcwteneoutly. If
in eye, iniiill one drop of Homeiropine.
Clot* tupervition of the patient ii indi-
cated lor at 'Mil 48 noun,
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thia petticide it to*.c to wildlife and
ereet frequented by wildlife or ediecent
to any body ot water. Keep out of lehm.
runoff if likely to occur. DO not epply
when weelher condition! favor drift
from target area. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or di»-
potel of westei.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep ewey from heel and
Open fleme. ^
(
\+
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It >»• violation of F«d«rcl law to UM thil
product in • manner incontinent with It!
MMIing.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hours after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-Do not contaminate water,
food, or feed by itorage or dltpoMl.
Open dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
AL -Peetle.de, tprey mf«tur«, or rinute
that cannot M UMd or ch«mlc*lly repro-
caaaea ehouM be dl too ted of In • lend flit
approved for DM tic Wee or buried In a
•ate PIMO awey from wew aupplie*.
Conulnora vhould be triple rinaad and
offered for recycling, reconditioning, o*
dlWNMed IA aaorovod tandlilt or buried In
eaafootoeo.
Ce>neult fedoroi. fttaM e» tocel Olepoeel
•wthorltkM *•* a>ipro»ed elMrnete •rooe-
elwree.
^
o
••1 ••
c



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

L^^DE METHO^HX'
r ^TV
A v
CC \
>^A
$
&
INSECTICIDE^ ^ ( V \ \x^
E mulsif iable Concentrate \ CX
v\ V "* >S X
ACTIVE INGREDI6fJT:< METWO^YL -A, y.x^4%
INERT INGRfiOVENYS: » -v\,'* 76%
/~1
•^
D-
TOTAL: ~ J> '..••' 100%
^\\ Net Content: 50 gallons
^HIS^RjfcuCT QQNfftfflS/.8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
El^HtnJ»jy«EGi5T«rE'D TRADEMARK OF A Z CORPORATION
}KEW\iyt OF REACH OF CHILDI
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
warm water. Repeat until vomiiu* is clear Call o phytioan imr
D oo aCaaov v
phyiician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In cate of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
wash ikm with soap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

IEN
CROPS
G l«M. CFBMH4
Alt«»i A C
B.« |»p| G
Broctok
Cwlrtlcw A G
BrwMi
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Cibtff
CMry A G
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CucunbH C


DIRECTIONS FOR- USE
CONTINUED
SPRAY PREPARATION
Fill iprtv unk ft 10 * full Of MUr. Add Ot
Memo directly to ip/«y tan* and mil thor-
Quffftry. uitng mchenieaj or hydraulic meerw.
do noi uw air aiutieft.
APPLICATION
Apply at the recommended ratal when IMKV
tint appear Unteu otherwiM noted, eontliiue
applic«tk)M « ft- to 7-dey intarveli or •
needed. UM tuflicierit water (».1| pit per
acre by air) to Obtain Uwrooflh. tMiform cow
eraot. Apply tKe low rattt on «mll piantt,
email norm and light Infaiutiont of (nteen.
Uu intermadiatt raiei on larger Morrm and
heavier infetutiom of Iniacti. Uw t to 3 ap-
plwuiont ol the higheit rKOmmended rate
tor controlling wvare Mteiuiiem. ThecMfttf.
vm the IOWMI rau pombia to maintain con-
trol.
NOTICE TO BUYER
Seller warrant! that thta pradua contortm to
the enemkal detcrtptton on the labd thereof
and ri nmonafcly fit lor pwpote* ttated on
uch MM) only whan wiad in accordance with
direction! under normal UM cenditiont. Thil
warranty doe* not aiund to UM of ina) prod-
uct contrary to label UM direction*, or under
•bnormel UM condition*, or under condition!
not reasonably toreteeioM to Mller; buyer •*•
*wmM all ri*k of any mch UM. Seller make* no
other warrant*. •«pmi or implied.
rtonu under petanti of cowntrie* Ottllide gf
ttw United Sutev
CROP USAGE
INSECTS
MM ArmrMrm..Lreii fc»
LHflwepvi
M..W •» B«U,
^ntr^.c.^, 	
Imp OMl^MO"".
CMMf. Loop*
n iiiiiiiuiiiiit MMh.
CMb^Loop^
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dbta»i Loop«
0*1 An.y Loop*
Can EMOMH (HP » 3 •ppl«tta»
GIWI *W* Aph.d
Tuta~°™1- C*-"* LBOp"
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Hlfchncnii oo»v

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LAST AW L1CATION DAVS
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ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1

-------
         SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VII
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #2--INTERPRET NO-DISEASE  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained  on all pesticide  labels. Read  the  label on the following  page and answer
the questions  below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word  appears on  the  label?


   2.     What toxicity category  does the  signal word represent?


   3.     What protective clothing would you wear?


   4.     What protective equipment would you wear?


   5.     Would you need to  take  a shower or bath after you  finish the job?
   6.     Since this has a caution label, would it be okay to smoke or eat a candy  bar
         during application?
   7.     What would you wear while mixing the No-Disease?
                                       261

-------
                                        DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                            PECANS: Pecan Scab. Brown Lufspot, Downy Spot. Powdery MM
fO
O)
IO
                    No-Dittos* Benomyl  Fungicide ihould be used only  in accordance
                   with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                   recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use of
No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 onr>). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate for large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous  agitation  is  required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
 fate, Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture  with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Slight-Apply 1 to  I1; Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease per acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery Mildew. Sooty Blotch, Frysptck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
adverse effects on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are ol
primary importance, do not use more than 4 oz. per 100  gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytfe sp., Pmtoillium sp.. Gkwosporium sp.)-Make a
single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying  at 8 oz. per 100 gats.
OvtrwMerirtf Scab (Apptes)-Apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is  necessary.
BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sctorottnia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply v>, to 2
Ib5. per acre at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated  bean vines or hay to livestock.
CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS.  MELONS, SUMMER AND
WINTER  SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery  Mildew. Anthracnose
-Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications  when plants begin to run or  when
disease first appears, and repeat at 7  to 14-day intervals as needed.
MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytls Blossom Blight-Apply I1, ibs.
per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of fottage.
Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7 to 14-day inter
vals through the bloom period.
MANGOES: Anthracnos*-Appry 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin  applications at
first appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
MUSHROOMS: VertkiUlum Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 tb. per 100 gals, and
apply to bed surface at the rate of 121/? gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply immediately
after casing  and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
beds ater picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
PEANUTS: Cenospora Laafspot-Appry 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21 •
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                    NO-DISEASE
                                                                                          BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                 Wettable  Powder
                                                                                          ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                           Benomyl [Methyl l-(butykarbamoyl)-
                                                                                           2-benzimidazolecarbarnate]
                                                                                          INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                          u.s. f.n. i.Mi.111 • I.HI.IM   EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                                                          	50%
                                                                      50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE, THROAT, AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes,  and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT-Never allow No-Disease to become wet during storage. This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container;  crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                            NET  5O  LBS.
                                                                                          B 21150   8-73A                                 Made in U.S.*.  Printed in U.S.*.

                                                                                               KILL-DEAD    CHEMICALS
                                                                                                    Chemical  City,  West Virginia
Vi to 1 tb. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may b*
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepolllnation whtn
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThMavtopsi* paradoi*)-Use IV. Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS. CHERRIES. NECTARINES,
PEACHES. PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayen. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use Vi
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of'/} (b. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab—shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use Vi Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and Atternaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botryt)s), Powdery MiMew, Uif Scorch. Uaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10 to 14-day intervals, using Vj Ib. per acre. Anthracnot*— Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Uatipot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed.  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Centocystls paradonHAppty
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  CoW Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals.of water(l:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting: remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50"C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew, Black Spot); FLOWERS.  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray MoM):  Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablesppontul per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition ol a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on  riard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip. Gladiolus,  Daffodil. Iris): Fuurtum and PwfcMnn
Rots-Use 144 Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.). preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal us* con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to (abet us*
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller: buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this  material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     H
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    NJ

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         SAFETY BEFORE, DURING,  AND FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VII
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3--INTERPRET ANTI-WEED LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to  locate important information that must
be contained  on all pesticide  labels.  Read the label on  the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word is on the label?


   2.     What toxicity category does it represent?


   3.     What protective clothing  would you wear?


   4.     What protective equipment would you  wear?


   5.     Should you launder your clothing following application?
                                      263

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          ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
       (Meed
                       206
FOR WEED CONTROL

IN CORN
4-Ethylamino-6-
isopropylamino-
s-triazine . . . 20.0%

Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
Total:    100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
            Anti-Weed 20G is a
            granular herbicide



            Warning
            Keep out of reach of
            children. See addition-
            al warning statements
            on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
            K1L-DHD
            Chemical Company
            Chemical City, West Virginia
              264

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                                           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #3
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Ol Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the  manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of  Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.   Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should  be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches      „  Recommended     Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate
                                              for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions tor Use	
 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail            Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail           Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
                                                                Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

                                                                Johnsongrass   Field Bindweed   Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

                                                                Apply  Anti-Weed  at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
                                                                diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
                                                                See table below for recommended rates.
                                                                Soil
                                                                                                Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                                                                                      Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt ' *
15lbs.
22.5-
SOIbs.
                                                               *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
                                                                Instructions Section.
                                                              ** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
                                                                peat and muck.

                                                                Suggestions for Crop Rotations
                                                                1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
                                                                 Anti-Weed  . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
                                                                following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
                                                                seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
                                                                Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
                                                                applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
                                                                Precautions: I) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
                                                                (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
                                                                seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
                                                                application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
                                                                crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
                                                                soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
                                                                spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
                                                                application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
                                                                gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
                                                                7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
                                                                stock for 21 days following application.
                                                                Warning
                                                                Keep out of reach of children.

                                                                Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
                                                                lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
                                                                skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
                                                                While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
                                                                or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical attention.
                                                                Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
                                                                feed and foodstuffs.

                                                                This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
                                                                streams.

                                                                Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           265

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          SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND  FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                     UNIT VII
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS


Assignment Sheet #1

   1.     Danger (Poison, Skull  and  Crossbones)

   2.     Highly toxic

   3.     Closely woven  fabric coveralls

   4.     Neoprene  gloves and boots, waterproof hat with brim, goggles or face shield,
         and approved  respirator

   5.     National  Institute for Occupational Safety and  Health  (NIOSH) or the Mining
         Enforcement and Safety Administration  (MESA), both formerly U.S. Bureau of
         Mines

   6.     No

   7.     No

   8.     Yes-Do not apply  when weather  conditions favor drift from  areas treated

   9.     Rubber  apron,  closely woven  fabric  coveralls,  neoprene gloves and boots,
         waterproof hat with brim,  goggles or face shield, approved  respirator


Assignment Sheet #2

   1.     Caution

   2.     Slightly  toxic  to relatively  nontoxic

   3.     Closely woven fabric coveralls (or  work clothing),  socks, and waterproof shoes

   4.     Wide-brimmed hat and gloves (optional goggles and boots)

   5.     Yes-Always take shower or  bath  after  applying  any pesticide

   6.     No, never!

   7.     Rubber  apron over  the coveralls,  socks, waterproof shoes, wide-brimmed  hat,
         gloves, goggles; cannister respirator is optional  to avoid  breathing the powder
         or dust
                                       267

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Assignment  Sheet #3




   1.     Warning




   2.     Moderately toxic




   3.     Closely woven fabric  coveralls  or  work clothing, socks, and waterproof shoes




   4.     Neoprene  or  rubber gloves, hat, optional boots, goggles or  face shield




   5.     Launder clothing before reuse
                                         268

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       SAFETY BEFORE,  DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                  UNIT  VII
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left by placing
      the appropriate numbers in  the blanks provided.

      	a.  Process of directing or placing pesticides
                on or in  plants, animals, buildings, soil,
                air,  water, or  other site

      	b.  Metal  or  plastic  container  filled  with
                absorbent materials to filter fumes and
                vapors  from the air

      	c.  Cylinder-shaped part  of the respirator
                which absorbs fumes  and vapors from
                the  air

      	d.  Portion or amount of pesticide mixture
                which is  directed at the target

      	e.  Pest to be treated with a  pesticide

      	f.  Direction toward  which the  prevailing
                wind is blowing

      	g.  Face mask which  filters out poisonous
                gases and particles

      	h.  Movement by  wind and air  currents of
                droplets or particles of a pesticide

      	i.  Period  of  time  between  a  pesticide
                application  and  when  persons  may
                reenter   an    area   without   wearing
                protective clothing and equipment

      	j.  To make unclean  or  unsafe

      	k.  Surroundings,  usually  water,  air, soil,
                plants,  and animals

      	I.  A kind of synthetic rubber

      	m. To form a gas  and  disappear into the air

      	n.  Not protected  or shielded; contact with
                pesticides through mouth, lungs, or skin

      	o.  Piece of  protective equipment  used  by
                pesticide  applicator to protect face from
                exposure

      	p.  Unpleasant or  irritating smoke, vapor, or
                gas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Target
Respirator
Reentry
interval
Pollute
Cannister
Fume
Face
shield
Vaporize
Environment
Drift
Downwind
Dose,
dosage
Cartridge
Application
Neoprene
Exposure
                                     269

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2.     Name four  factors to consider before applying pesticides.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
3.     Discuss  in  a short paragraph safety steps  for  transporting  pesticides.
4.     Name  factors  that  determine  types  of  protective clothing and  protective
       equipment needed.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
       f.
5.     Name  three  safety precautions used while  mixing and handling concentrated
       pesticides.
       a.
       b.
       c.
6.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph reasons for not applying pesticides on  a windy
       day.
7.     Name three ways to prevent exposure  during application.
       a.
       b.
       c.
                                       270

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 8.     Discuss in a short paragraph what  is meant by sensitive areas.



 9.     Select from the list below ways to avoid spills, drifts, and runoff. Place an "X"
       in the proper  blanks.

       	a.  Apply when time  is available

       	b.  Use proper formulation for the job

       	c.  Apply after a  rain  when  there  is standing  water

       	d.  Check equipment for leaks and proper delivery  rate

       	e.  Do not  apply  during high winds
       	f.  Do  not apply if rain is approaching unless the pesticide calls for it,
                 like some protectant fungicides and some herbicides

10.    Discuss in a short paragraph steps  for  equipment  maintenance and  safety.
11.    Select from the list below the ideal times of day to apply pesticides. Place an
       "X"  in the correct blanks.

       	a.  At noon when temperature is adequate

       	b.  Evening

       	c.  Early  morning

       	d.  Afternoon when the humidity is  high
12.     Name  factors to consider following  application.

        a.

        b.

        c.

        d.
                                       271

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13.     Name safety rules to  follow  in cleaning up  after application.
        a.
        b.
        c.
        d.
14.     Discuss  in  short  paragraphs the types  of  protective  clothing and  equipment
        needed for  pesticide applications.
        a.    Gloves

        b.    Coveralls

        c.    Boots

        d.    Goggles and face shield
15.
16.
e.    Head  and neck  covering
Match the  types of respirators  on the right to the proper uses on the left. Place
the appropriate numbers in  the  blanks. Each number may be used more than
once.
                                                            1.
                                                            2.
                                                            3.
      a.  Use  when  exposed  to  concentrated
          chemicals  for  short periods
      b.  Use    when    exposed    to    high
          concentrations of highly toxic pesticides
          in  enclosed  areas, such  as fumigation
      c.  Use when  exposed to low  concentration
          of  toxic chemicals for  long periods of
          time
      d.  Use when oxygen supply in air is low
      e.  Use when exposed to  toxic fumes in
          heavy concentrations for long periods of
          time
Name  four  safety rules for  using  the  respirator  correctly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Air-supplied
respirators
and  self-contained
air-supplied
respirators
Gas  mask or
cannister
respirator
Cartridge
respirator
                                       272

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17.    Interpret  the  following label  by answering the questions  below.

       a.   What signal  word  is on  this label?


       b.   What toxicity category  does it  represent?


       c.   What protective clothing would you  wear?


       d.   What protective equipment would you use?
       e.   After you have been applying this pesticide for awhile and you decide you
            want  a  drink, what must you  do first?
                                      273

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rO
                                                        PRECAUTIONARY

                                                          STATEMENTS

                                                     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                           (DANGERI

                                                 Do not breathe spray mitt. Do not get in
                                                 eyes. Avoid contact with tkin. UM only
                                                 when wearing the following protective
                                                 equipment and clothing.  Wear  tiflhtly-

                                                 unlined  neoprene glovai and booti. Wear
                                                 safety goggle* and/or face shield. Wear •
                                                 mask or raipirator jointly  approved by
                                                 the  Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety

                                                 Institute (or Occupational Safely and
                                                 Health.  Before removing glove*, wain

                                                 w»*h hand*, lace  and armi with deter
                                                 gent and water before smoking, eating

                                                 call 000 000 OOOO.

                                                 cholinetterase  inhibitor.  Do  not  use
 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

fish. UK with  care when applying in
areai frequented bv wildlife or adjacent
10 any  body of water. Keep out ot lakai,
streams or ponds. Oo not apply  where
runotf  11 likely  to occur. Do  not aPOly
when  weather  condrtioni favor drift
from target aree.  Do not contaminate
                                                     PHYSICALOR CHEMICAL
                                                            HAZARDS
                                                      DIRECTIONS FOR USE

                                                 labeling.
                                                     RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                         (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                 Do not emot within 48 houn attar
                                                 application,
                                                   CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                         (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                    STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                 STORAGE-DO not contaminate water.
                                                 food,  or feed  by storage or  disposal.
                                                 Open  dumping it prohibited.  OISPOS-
                                                 AL-feiticide. »P'av  mixture, or rintate
                                                 thai cannot be used or chemically repro-
                                                 cessed should be disposed of in a landfill
                                                 approved for pesticides  or buried in a
                                                 safe  place  away  from  water  supplies.
                                                 Container* ihould be triple rintad and
                                                 offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
                                                 disposed in approved landfill or buried in
                                                 a safe ptcce.
                                                 Consult Federal, State or local Disposal
                                                 authorities for approved  alternate proce-
                                                 dure*.
                                                      RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE
                                                          FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                        CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                        DIRECT SUPERVISION
                     DE   PEST
                                                                                          O^I
                      INSECTICIDE
            EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri salicylic acid  45.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS:                            55.0%
TOTAL:                                           100.0%
                                                                                                      THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                                    KEEP OUT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                             DANGER  -   POISON
                                                              STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                                                                     IF SWA
                                                                                                                                                               lass of
                                                                                                                                                ician ii
                                                                                                                                                      media
                                                                                                                                    a phytic
                                                                                              mediately.
                                                                                              it leait 15 r
                                                                                                          lei. Call .
IF INHALED - Remove to freth
If IN EYES • Fluth *y« with
  phyiician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In caM ot contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
  wash tkin with detergent and water.

              SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
               PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                    MFC  BY A Z CHEMICALS
                                                                       CHEMTON, NEVADA
                                                                    EPA  EST. NO.  1357-NV-1
                                                                EPA REGISTRATION NO.  1357-42
                                                                    NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                                                                                                           DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                                                                                CONTINUED
                                                                                METHODS OF  APf
                                                                                mum gallonage reoui
                                                                                finished  tpray per a
                                                                                ment. 2 gallon) p«r «c
                                                                                                       )N: The  mini-
                                                                                                       i 10 gallon* of
                                                                                                       ground  equip-
                                                                                                       rcreft.
                                                                               Alfall* We*vit Larvae. Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
                                                                               Larvae. Pea Aphid, and in New York ttate for
                                                                               Snout Geetle control. Apply the amount of
                                                                               De Petto indicated in the chart, when feeding
                                                                               11 noticed  or when  intact*  appear.  Alfalfa
                                                                               Weevil Adult-Apply  1-? omti per acre when
                                                                               in teen appear. Lvgut Bugi-Appiy 2 Pinti per
                                                                               acre  prior  to bloom. Obterve ihe indicated
                                                                               number of day* after •pphcaiion before cut-
                                                                               ting or gracing. Do not apply more than once
                                                                               per tea ton,  Apply only to field planted to
                                                                               pure itend*of Alfalfa.
                                                                                   Pint* of              Oo Not Cut
                                                                                  De Petto               or G'»te
                                                                                  Per Acre                Within
                                                                                      2                   28 davt

                                                                                 COON,  FIELD:  Ground  Application-Corn
                                                                                 Rootworrm-Ute  1^, pmti of  De Petto per
                                                                                 13,000 linear feet (1 acre with  40 mch tp.c-
                                                                                 ing). Apply. a> planting, H * 7 inch band over





                                                                                 of De Petto with 2  parti of  water. Add thit
                                                                                 premU \o the tank  of fertilizer along with
                                                                                 riming* from the pr•mining container. Main-
                                                                                 tain  agitation m  me tank after mining and
                                                                                 during  application. Do not mil  until ready to
                                                                                 ute.
                                                                                 SUGARCANE: Sugarcane gorer-Apply t-IVt
                                                                                 pint* De Peito per acre uiing ground or aerial
                                                                                 equipment.  Check tugarcane field* weekly,
                                                                                 beginning  in  early  June and  continuing
                                                                                 through Augutt.  Make firtt application only
                                                                                 after visible joint* form and 5X or more of
                                                                                 the plantt are infetted with young larvae feed-
                                                                                 ing in or under the leaf iheain and which have

                                                                                • field check i indicate the infestation e.ceedt
                                                                                 5V  Do not apply within 17 day* of harvett.
                                                                                 Do not uie in Hawaii.
                                                                                end Ground application— Citrut thrip*— Apply
                                                                                De Petto et Vi to 1 lb. per acre. Use *ufficient
                                                                                water to obtain thorough coverage (S to 15
                                                                                gait/acre by air). Uie the higher rate on t eve re
                                                                                infetlation* of  thripi. Apply in  the early
                                                                                tpring before bloom when the new flrowth it
                                                                                about 3 to 4 inches long. M*ke addif ional ap-
                                                                                plications ai needed until tha new fruit ii wal-
                                                                                nut tize. Application at petal fall may be criti-
                                                                                cal to prevent fruit icarring. Application!
                                                                                during mid-fummef to protect new growth on
                                                                                young trees are at to recommended.

                                                                                Do not apply within 3 daytof  harvest. Oo not

                                                                                after treatment.

                                                                                POTATO:   Tuberworm,   cabbage   loo per,
                                                                                aphids, and In  area* eett of  the Mltslnipo*
                                                                                River,  leafhopperi and flea  beetles. Apply
                                                                                Oe Petto at indicated rates when field check i
                                                                                indicate the  insect infetlation it ebove 9%.
                                                                                Tuberworm, cebbag* looper and aphid-apply
                                                                                %  to 1 lb,  per acre.  Leafhopper and tie*
                                                                                beetle*—apply K lb  per acre, Do not apply
                                                                                within 14 days of harvest.

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2
10
3
4
9
15
m.
n.
o.
P-


8
16
7
6


       SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                  UNIT VII


                            ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   14            g.

      b.   5             h.

      c.   13            i.

      d.   12            j.

      e.   1             k.

      f.   11            I.

2.     Any four of the following:

      a.   Transportation

      b.   Climatic conditions

      c.   Protective clothing and  equipment

      d.   Mixing and  filling

      e.   Reading label

      f.   Equipment

3.     Discussion  should include:

      a.   Never carry pesticides  inside car or truck cab

      b.   Secure containers to keep  from shifting,  rolling, or bouncing

      c.   Never transport livestock feed, seed,  or  groceries  in the  same load with
           pesticides

      d.   Never allow children to  ride on  or near  pesticides

4.     a.   Always  wear at least closely woven fabric coveralls (or long sleeved shirt
           and long  legged trousers), socks  and  waterproof shoes (or boots),  a hat,
           and gloves

      b.   READ THE LABEL!

      c.   Toxicity of pesticide

      d.   Formulation

      e.   Application  equipment

      f.   Degree of exposure
                                     275

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 5.    Any  three  of the following:
       a.    Use  neoprene  or natural rubber gloves and boots, closely  woven fabric
             coveralls, goggles, rubber apron,  hat, and  a respirator if needed
       b.    Mix  only what will  be used
       c.    Mix  according to the  label
       d.    Do not  combine  pesticides
       e.    Avoid splashes, spills,  and drift when opening containers
       f.    Change clothes immediately  in case of  a  splash or spill
       g.    Stand  with head  above  fill  hole  of spray tank
 6.    Discussion  should include:
       a.    Drift and vaporization
       b.    Injury to wildlife, plants, pollinators,  and  domestic animals
       c.    Contamination of surface water, such as ponds, streams, rivers, and lakes
       d.    Increase in  inhalation  contact  hazard to the applicator
 7.    Any  three  of the following:
       a.    Wear protective clothing and equipment
       b.    Do not  wipe hands  on  clothing
       c.    Never blow  out clogged hoses, nozzles, or lines with  your mouth
       d.    Never eat, drink, or smoke  when  handling pesticides
       e.    Work  in pairs when  handling hazardous  pesticides or at least let someone
             know  where you will  be working
       f.    Keep  persons, livestock, and pets  out  of  spray  area
 8.    Discussion  should include:
       Areas or locations of parks, playgrounds, bird and wildlife sanctuaries, ponds,
       streams, water supplies, barnyards, feedlots, pastures, bee yards, schools, homes,
       hospitals,  and any  other  areas where out-of-place pesticides might cause harm
 9.    b,  d, e, f
10.    Discussion  should include:
       a.    Check for leaks in pump and tank
       b.    Check for leaky hose connections and carefully dispose of worn or cracked
             hoses
                                        276

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       c.   Keep spray tank lid  tight
       d.   Stay with  tank  during  filling
       e.   Shut down machinery while  making repairs or adjustments
       f.   Do not blow out clogged lines with your mouth
11.    b, c
12.    a.   Dispose of empty containers
       b.   Store leftover pesticides
       c.   Clean up  equipment
       d.   Determine reentry interval
13.    a.   Always  take a shower  or bath when you  finish  using  pesticides
       b.   Change  spray clothing daily and separate spray clothing from family laundry
       c.   Launder spray clothing separately  from all  other clothing
       d.   Do not wash clothing  in  streams  or ponds
14.    Discussion should  include:
       a.   Gloves
                 1)    Obtain  unlined, elbow length  neoprene or natural rubber gloves
                 2)    Make sure  sleeves are outside your  gloves
                 3}    Discard the gloves if any holes  appear
                 4)    Wash gloves with detergent and water before removing
       b.   Coveralls
                 1)    Wear clean  tightly woven fabric coveralls that cover entire body
                      or  long sleeved shirt and long legged  trousers
                 2)    Wear waterproof suit or apron when mixing highly toxic pesticides
                 3)    Wear  waterproof suit  when  you  may  be  drenched  during
                      application
                 4)    Wash clothes  with detergent and water
       c.   Boots
                 1)    Wear lightweight, unlined neoprene  or natural rubber boots
                 2}    Put pant  legs outside of boots
                 3)    Wash and  dry boots inside and  out after  each  use
                                      277

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        d.   Goggles  and face shield

                 1)   Wear tight-fitting goggles  or a face shield  when pesticide spray
                      or dust could get on  your face or  in  your eyes

                 2)   Wear goggles or face shield when pouring and  mixing

                 3)   Wash goggles or face shield after each use

                 4)   Wear plastic or  rubber headband  if  possible

        e.   Head and neck covering

                 1)   Protect  hair and skin  on  neck  from  pesticide spray or dust

                 2)   Wear waterproof wide-brimmed  hats  or hard hats

15.     a.   3

        b.   1

        c.   3

        d.   1

        e.   2

16.     Any four of  the following:

        a.   Make sure  it fits properly on your face

        b.   Check filter often

        c.   Wash face piece  with detergent and  warm  water

        d.   Rinse  thoroughly and dry

        e.   Use   only  those  respirators  approved  by  the  National  Institute  for
            Occupational Safety and Health  (NIOSH)  or the  Mining Enforcement and
            Safety Administration (MESA),  both formerly  U.S.  Bureau of  Mines

17.     a.   Danger (Poison,  Skull and Crossbones)

        b.   Highly toxic

        c.   Closely woven fabric  coveralls

        d.   Neoprene (or natural rubber) gloves and boots, waterproof hat with brim,
            goggles or face shield, and  an approved  respirator

        e.   Wash hands, face, and arms first
                                       278

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                       FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
                                     UNIT VIII


                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion of this unit, the student should be able to calculate problems determining
amounts of wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate to  use. The student should be
able to discuss advantages, disadvantages, and principal uses of various types of formulations
and interpret labels as to type of formulation and mixing procedure when given the labels.
This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring eighty-five percent
on  the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion of this unit, the student should  be  able  to:

        1.     Match terms associated with formulation and application of pesticides to
              the correct  definitions.

        2.     Match types of  pesticide formulations to  the correct descriptions.

        3.     List  factors an applicator must consider when  selecting  a  formulation.

        4.     Match methods  of  pesticide application  to the correct  descriptions.

        5.     Discuss  advantages,  disadvantages, and principal uses of  various types of
              formulations.

        6.     Select from a list the best  time to  mix pesticides.

        7.     List  in  the  proper  sequence the procedure for  mixing wettable  powders.

        8.     List  in   the proper  sequence  the  procedure  for  mixing  emulsifiable
              concentrates.

        9.     List  safety precautions to observe  when mixing and handling pesticides.

       10.     Describe the importance of drift control.

       11.     List  factors to consider  in  determining  the application  rate.

       12.     Calculate  problems  determining amounts of  wettable powder  to use.

       13.     Calculate problems determining amounts of emulsifiable concentrate to use.

       14.     Complete a chart of  liquid  and  volume measures.

       15.     Interpret labels as to type of formulation and mixing procedure when given
              the labels.
                                        279

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                  FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
                               UNIT  VIII
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.   Instructor:

     A.  Provide student with  objective  sheet.

     B.  Provide student with  information and  assignment sheets.

     C.  Make transparencies.

     D.  Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

     E.  Discuss information and  assignment sheets.

     F.  Provide student with  opportunity to practice  mixing  pesticides by using
         flour for wettable powder and oil for an emulsifiable concentrate. Use water
         to dilute them. DO NOT USE ACTUAL  PESTICIDES.

     G.  Have student survey farms or dealers to determine which formulations are
         most often  used  in the  area.  Discuss why.

     H.  Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.  Read objective sheet.

     B.  Read and study information sheet.

     C.  Complete assignment  sheets.

     D.  Take test.



                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS



 I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.  TM  1-Types of Formulations

     B.  TM  2-Methods of  Application

     C.  TM  3-Methods of  Application  (Continued)
                                  281

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 IV.   Assignment  sheets

      A.   Assignment Sheet #1--Calculate Spray  Materials Using Wettable  Powder

      B.   Assignment  Sheet  #2--Calculate  Spray   Materials   Using  Emulsifiable
           Concentrate

      C.   Assignment Sheet  #3--lnterpret  Pesticide  Labels as to  Formulation  and
           Mixing

  V.   Answers  to  assignment  sheets

 VI.   Test

VII.   Answers  to  test
                                     282

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                   FORMULATION  AND  APPLICATION
                                UNIT VIII
                         INFORMATION  SHEET
 I.  Terms and  definitions

    A.   Formulation-Mixture of one or more active ingredients with other materials
         needed  to  make  a pesticide easy to store,  handle, dilute,  and apply

    B.   Target-Pest to be controlled  with a pesticide

    C.   Site-Area,  building,  plant, or  animal to be treated with pesticide in order
         to protect  it  from or reach the  target pest

    D.   Compatible-Able to be combined with other pesticides and applied as a
         mixture without  reducing their effectiveness

    E.   Concentrate-Pesticide as it  is  sold before diluting; usually contains  a large
         amount of active  ingredient

    F.   Solvent-Liquid such as water,  kerosene, or alcohol that a pesticide or other
         substance will  dissolve  in  and form a  solution

    G.   Solution-Mixture made by  dissolving a substance in a  liquid; mixture will
         not separate  or settle out  in normal use

II.  Types of formulations (Transparency  1)

    A.   Dust (D)-Finely ground ready-to-use dry mixture combining a small amount
         of active ingredient with  an inert carrier such as talc, clay, or volcanic ash

    B.   Poisonous bait (B)-Food or other attractive substance mixed with an active
         ingredient  that will  attract and  be eaten  by pests and cause their death

    C.   Granule  (G)-Ready-to-use  dry  mixture  of a  small  amount  of  active
         ingredient  and inert carriers with  all particles  larger  than  dust particles

    D.   Low concentrate solution  (S)-Solution which contains a low concentration
         or small amount of active ingredient in  a highly  refined oil or other solvent

         (NOTE: These are usually purchased as stock sprays and space sprays and
         for use in  aerosol  generators.)

    E.   Emulsifiable concentrate solution (EC or E)-Solution which contains a high
         concentration or  large amount of active ingredient which should be mixed
         with water; may contain  from one to  several pounds of active  ingredient
         per gallon  of concentrate
                                    283

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


     F.   Ultra-low volume concentrate solution (ULV)--Solution which may contain
          pure active  ingredient;  usually used  without dilution

     G.   Flowable (F)--Very finely  ground solid  material which  is suspended in a
          liquid; usually contains a high concentration or large amount of the active
          ingredient and  is mixed with water  when  applied

     H.   Wettable powder (WP or W)--Dry  preparation which may contain a fairly
          high concentration (15% - 95%) of active ingredient and is mixed with water
          to form  a  suspension when applied

     I.    Soluble  powder  (SP)--Dry  preparation which contains  a fairly  high
          concentration  (15% - 95%) of active ingredient that dissolves in water to
          form  a solution  for  application

     J.    Fumigant-Active ingredient in the form of a gas or liquid which becomes
          a gas when applied  and reaches the target as  a gas

III.  Factors to  consider  in selecting a formulation

     A.   Effectiveness against  the pest

     B.   Cost of the application

     C.   Plant,  animal, or surface to be protected

     D.   Possible injury  to the  protected surface

          Example:      Phytotoxicity

     E.   Application equipment which is available

     F.   Danger of  drift or runoff

     G.   Hazard to  the  applicator,  other persons, plants, and animals

IV.  Methods of application  and  their descriptions (Transparencies 2  and  3)

     A.   Band-Application to  a strip or band over or along each crop row

     B.   Broadcast-Uniform application  to an entire specified area

     C.   Dip-Complete  or partial  immersion  of  a  plant,  animal, or object in a
          pesticide

     D.   Directed-Aiming the  pesticide at a portion  of a plant, animal, or structure

     E.   Drench-Saturation of the soil with a pesticide or oral  treatment of an animal

     F.   Foliar-Application to the  leaves of  a plant, shrub, or  tree
                                     284

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                         INFORMATION SHEET
    G.   In-farrow-Application to or  in a  furrow in  which a crop  is planted

    H.   Over-the-top-Application over the top of the  growing  plant

    I.    Pour-on--Pouring the pesticide along the  midline of the  backs of livestock

    J.    Sidedress-Application along the side  of  a  crop row

    K.   Soil  incorporation-Application to  the  soil  followed  by use of  tillage
         implements to  mix the pesticide with the soil

    L.   Spot treatment-Application to a small area

V.  Advantages, disadvantages, and  principal uses of  formulations
Formulation
A. Dust
B. Poisonous bait
C. Granule
D. Low concentrate
solution
E. Emulsifiable
concentrate
F. Ultra-low volume
concentrate
solution
G. Flowable
H. Wettable
powder
1. Soluble powder
J. Fumigant
Advantages
Ready to use; requires no
mixing; easy to apply
Ready to use; easy to
apply; controls pests that
move in and out of the
site
Ready to use; easy to
apply; can be applied to
target under dense foliage
Ready to use; requires no
mixing
High concentration;
relatively inexpensive;
suitable for low pressure
equipment with limited
agitation
Ready to use
Can be mixed with water;
reduces nozzle clogging
Relatively inexpensive;
safer than emulsifiable
concentrate to use on
tender foliage; easy to
measure
Easy to mix and measure;
no agitation required
Toxic to wide range of
pests; will penetrate
cracks and crevices and
grain
Disadvantages
Drift hazard; expensive
Hazardous to children;
pest may prefer crop or
food to bait; killed pests
may cause odor problem
Limited foliage use;
expensive
Fairly expensive;
specialized uses as sprays
or aerosols; drift hazard
as aerosol
Easy to overdose; may be
hazardous to applicator;
phytotoxicity
Phytotoxicity hazard;
danger of overdosing;
limited uses
Requires agitation
May be hazardous to
applicator; requires
mechanical agitation;
difficult to mix; may
clog nozzles
May be hazardous to
user; not a common
formulation
Area must be sealed ;
requires special protective
equipment; dangerous
Principal Uses
Spot treatment;
livestock and poultry;
limited foliage use
Inside buildings; fruits
and vegetables; field
crops
Soil treatment
In barns, poultry houses,
buildings, greenhouses;
small areas; on livestock
and poultry
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals; field
crops
Fruits and vegetables;
field crops
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals; field
crops
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals: field
crops
Field crops; fruits and
vegetables; farm animals
Inside buildings;
greenhouses; farm-stored
grain; soil
                                    285

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


 VI.   Best time to mix  pesticides--!mmediately before using

 VII.   Procedure for mixing wettable powders

       A.   Fill  tank one-half  full  with  water

       B.   Start agitator

            (NOTE:  Keep agitator going at  all  times.)

       C.   Measure  out correct amount of  wettable powder

       D.   Add  powder  to  a  small amount  of water in a clean mixing bucket

       E.   Stir  until well mixed

            (NOTE:  This will  make a slurry, a watery mixture of insoluble matter.)

       F.   Add  slurry  to tank

       G.   Finish filling  the tank

VIM.   Procedure for mixing emulsifiable concentrates

       A.   Fill  tank one-fourth to one-half full with water

       B.   Measure  out correct amount of  emulsifiable  concentrate

       C.   Add  EC directly into  spray tank

       D.   Mix  thoroughly using  mechanical or hydraulic  means

       E.   Finish filling  the tank

       F.   Do not  use  air agitation

 IX.   Safety  precautions when  mixing  and  handling pesticides

       A.   Follow all safety precautions stated  on  the label

       B.   Use  protective clothing and  equipment  as stated  on the label

       C.   Rinse empty  containers and measuring  cups  to remove any  residue

       D.   Read the label or  consult  an expert to  make sure  mixes of two or more
            pesticides are compatible

       E.   Avoid splashes, spills,  and leaks

            (NOTE:  Clean up  any splashes,  spills,  or leaks.)
                                      286

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET



      F.   Wash  all  contaminated areas on  clothing or equipment

      G.   Dispose of empty  containers  properly

          (NOTE: Other  safety precautions may be added  by the instructor.)

 X.   Importance of drift  control

      A.   Is  hazardous  to the  environment

      B.   May injure wildlife

      C.   Contaminates water,  foliage, and  pasture

      D.   May damage  nearby  crops  and cause  illegal residues

      E.   Is  expensive

          (NOTE: The applicator is responsible for any injury or money loss on crops
          due to pesticide drift onto a  nontarget area.)

 XI.   Factors to consider  in  determining application rate

      A.   Read  the label; never use more  than  the dosage  rate recommended

      B.   Consult an expert for less  than  recommended  rate

XII.   Determining amounts of  wettable  powder  to use

      A.   Pounds per tank

          Problem-Label  calls  for 3 pounds of 25% WP per acre. Your sprayer holds
          50  gallons and  applies  10  gallons per  acre

          50  gallons per  tank     x   3 pounds     =   15  pounds per
          10  gallons per  acre         per acre           50  gallon tank

      B.   Pounds per gallon

          Problem-Label  calls  for  2  pounds of 50% WP  per  100  gallons of water.
          Your  tank holds 300 gallons

          2  pounds of WP       x   300 gallons   =   6 pounds
          100 gallons of  water       per tank          per 300 gallons
                                    287

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


       C.   Active ingredient  per acre

           Problem--A  local expert recommends that you apply 1/2 pound of active
           ingredient per acre.  You have a 50% WP on hand and your sprayer tank
           holds 50 gallons.  It applies 8  gallons per acre

           1  pound  of 50%  WP per acre = 1/2 pound of active ingredient per acre

           50 gallons per tank    x    1  pound per acre    =    6 1/4 pounds
           8  gallons per acre                                   of  50% WP per
                                                                tank  to apply
                                                                1/2 pound per
                                                                acre

       D.   Percentage mixing

                1.    Formula

                     (NOTE:  It is not necessary  to memorize this formula.)

                     Gals of  spray needed x % active  ingredient wanted x 8.3# per
                     gal of water	
                                  % active ingredient in pesticide used

                2.    Problem-A local  expert  recommends  using  a 1%  spray. You
                     already have an 80%  WP  of the right pesticide and you need 50
                     gallons of  the  1% spray. How  much pesticide is needed?

                     50 gallons x 1% x 8.3#/gal   =   5.18  or 5.2 pounds
                               80%  WP                of pesticide in 50
                                                      gallons of  water

XIII.   Determining amounts of  emulsifiable  concentrate

       A.   Pints, quarts, or gallons/acre

           Problem-The label recommendation is to apply  2 quarts of 6E per acre.
           Your sprayer holds  42 gallons and applies 6 gallons per acre

           42 gallons per tank   x    2  quarts  per  acre   =   14 quarts
           6  gallons per acre                                per tank

           14 quarts = 3 gallons,  2 quarts  per  tank or 3  1/2 gallons

       B.   Pints per gallon

           Problem-The label says to apply 1/4 pint of SEC per  100 gallons. Your
           tank  holds  400 gallons.  How much of SEC is needed?

           1/4  pint of  EC	  x   400 gallons  per tank   =    1 pint
           100 gallons  of water                                   per 400
                                                                  gallons
                                      288

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


      C.   Active  ingredient per  acre

           Problem--A local  expert recommends you apply 1/2 pound active ingredient
           per acre.  You have  a 4E  on  hand which contains 4 pounds  of  active
           ingredient per gallon formulation. Your sprayer holds 40 gallons and applies
           6 gallons per acre. How much 4E is needed per tank to apply 1/2 pound
           active ingredient per acre?

           4 pounds  active  ingredient per gallon = 4 pounds  per 4 quarts = 1 pound
           per 1 quart = 1/2 pound per  1  pint

           40 gallons per tank    x    1  pint of 4E per acre   =     6  2/3
           6 gallons  per acre                                        pints per
                                                                    tank

      D.   Percentage mixing

               1.     Formula

                     (NOTE: It is not  necessary to memorize this formula.)

                    Gallons of spray wanted x % active  ingredient  x 8.3 pounds per
                    gallons water	
                    Pounds of active  ingredient per  gallon of concentrate x  100

               2.    Problem-A local expert tells you to apply  a  0.5% spray. You
                    already own a 25%  EC (2 pounds pesticide per gallon formulation)
                    which  must  be mixed with water and you need  100 gallons of
                    spray

                     100 gallons  x 0.5% x 8.3#/gal       =    2.07  or 2 gallons
                    2  pounds  EC x 100

                     (NOTE: If the  EC was to be mixed with oil  or kerosene,  you
                    would  have used 6.6 pounds per gallon not 8.3 pounds per gallon.)

XIV.  Liquid  and  volume measures

      A.   1 gallon  of water = 8.3  pounds  (approx)

           (NOTE: One gallon of kerosene  weighs 6.6  Ibs.)

      B.   100  gallons of water  = 830 pounds (approx)

      C.   1  pound =  16 ounces = 453.6 grams

      D.   1  pint =  16 fluid ounces =  473 milliliters
                                     289

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                     INFORMATION  SHEET


E.   1  quart = 2  pints = 32  fluid ounces = 946 milliliters =  .946  liters

F.   1  pound wettable power per 100 gallons = 1 tablespoon per gallon (approx)

G.   1  pint  emulsifiable  concentrate per 100 gallons  = 1  teaspoon  per gallon
     (approx)

     (NOTE: Instructor may want  to  add  additional  measures.)
                               290

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                         Types of  Formulations
                Dry
NJ
CO
Dust (D)
Poisonous Bait (B)
Granule (G)
Wettable Powder (WP or W)
Soluble Powder (SP)
                                     Gas
      Liquid

Low Concentrate Solution (S)
Emulsifiable Concentrate
          Solution (EC or E)
Ultra-Low Volume Concentrate
             Solution (ULV)

Flowable (F)
                                Fumigant

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                     Methods  of Application
                             Directed
NJ
CO
CO
            Band
Soil Incorporation

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CO
cn
                     Methods of Application

                              (Continued)
                                   Broadcast
            Dipping
Pour-On

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                      FORMULATION  AND APPLICATION
                                  UNIT VIII
       ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--CALCULATE SPRAY  MATERIALS USING
                             WETTABLE POWDER
Calculate the  problems  below and show your work.

   1.     How much wettable powder  is  needed  to make 200  gallons of spray if
         recommended  rate is 3  pounds per  50 gallons of water?
   2.     How many pounds of wettable powder is needed to make 100 gallons of spray
         if 3 pounds of 60% wettable powder is needed per acre and your sprayer applies
         25 gallons per  acre?
   3.     A farmer wants to spray a field of corn.  The recommended strength of the
         spray is  0.5%. The wettable powder recommended is 50% and the spray  tank
         holds 150 gallons. How much 50% WP  is  required for  this mix?

         Gallons of spray  wanted x % active ingredient needed x 8.3 pounds/gallon
                          %  active ingredient in pesticide  used
                                     297

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                      FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIM


           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #2--CALCULATE SPRAY MATERIALS
                     USING  EMULSIFIABLE  CONCENTRATE


Calculate the  problems below and show  your work.

   1.     How many quarts of 6E is needed to  mix 40 gallons if recommended amount
         is 2 quarts  per acre and your  sprayer applies 4 gallons per acre?
   2.     How many  pints of SEC  is needed for 400 gallons of spray if recommended
         rate is  1/2  pint per 100 gallons of water?
   3.     A farmer wants  to  mix 200 gallons of 0.3%  spray  using 50% emulsifiable
         concentrate  (4 pounds pesticide per gallon). How many gallons of concentrate
         will  be needed?

         Gallons of spray  wanted x % active ingredient  x 8.3  pounds per gallon
                 Pounds  of  active  ingredient  per gallon  of concentrate  x 100
                                      299

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                      FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIM
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #3--INTERPRET PESTICIDE LABELS
                     AS TO  FORMULATION  AND MIXING
Read the labels provided  on the following pages  and answer the  questions below.

   1.     Using the De Metho label, answer the questions below.

         a.   What type  of formulation  is De  Metho?


         b.   What is the symbol for the formulation?
         c.   Does this formulation  go on as is or must it be diluted?  If diluted, with
             what?
         d.   How  many  pounds per gallon  of  this formulation  is active  ingredient
             (methomyl)?
         e.   How would  you prepare the spray mix  using this formulation?
         f.   Your tank holds 200 gallons and you want to spray your chrysanthemums
             which have a severe infestation of cabbage  looper.

                1)     How many pints of  De  Metho are needed per 100 gallons?


                2)     How much pesticide  would you put  into your tank?
         g.   A  local expert recommends that in  your area you need a 0.1% spray for
             cabbage loopers  attacking  your potatoes.  Using the  following  formula,
             calculate how many gallons of De Metho you need for 200 gallons of 0.1%
             spray.

             Gallons of  spray wanted x % active  ingredient wanted  x
             8.3 pounds/gallon	
             Pounds of  active ingredient per gallon  of concentrate x 100
                                      301

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2.     Using the No-Disease label, answer the questions below.

      a.   What type  of  formulation is  No-Disease?


      b.   What is the symbol  for this  formulation?


      c.   How many  pounds of active ingredient (benomyl) are in the formulation?


      d.   Does this formulation go on  as  is or must it  be diluted?


      e.   How do you prepare the spray  mix using this formulation?
      f.    Your tank  holds 400 gallons and applies 40 gallons per acre. You want
           to spray  your snapbeans for an expected severe infestation of white rot.

              1)     What  rate would  you use?


              2)     How many acres can your sprayer cover before having to refill?


              3)     How much would you put into your tank?

      g.    A  local expert recommends that you need 1/8 pound active ingredient per
           acre to get good control  of powdery  mildew on your melons. Your sprayer
           holds 400 gallons and applies 40 gallons per acre. How much pesticide would
           you add  to  the  tank?


3.    Using  the Anti-Weed  label, answer  the following  questions.

      a.    What formulation is Anti-Weed?


      b.   What is the symbol  for this formulation?


      c.    Does this go on as is or must it be diluted?


      d.   How many pounds  of actual ingredient per  50 pounds  of  Anti-Weed?


      e.    How would  you prepare this formulation  in  a mix?
                                     302

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8
      PRECAUTIONARY

        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
PolMnou* by •wallowing or Inhalation.
Oo not breathe tor ay mitt. Oo not gat In
eye*. Avoid contact with tkln. UM only
when wearing the following protective
equipment  and  clothing. Weer tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat.
unlined naoprana glove* and boot*. Weer
Mfatv goggiet end/or face thi aid. Wear a
math or retplrator Jointly approved by
the  Mining Enforcement  end  Safety
Adminittretion  end  by  the National
Inttituta for Occupationel Safety  end
Heeith. Before  removing glove*. we*h
Them with detergent and water. Alway*
wain hand*, face end erm* with deter.
gent end weter  before tmoking, eating
or drinking. For emergency ettlttan^e,
call 000 000-0000.

choiinettereee  inhibitor.  Oo not  u*e
OB. met tuch a* 2-PAM. Give Atropina 2
mg. iniravenoukly of tubcutaneoutly. I*
In ay*, inttill one d'OP of Homatropine.
Clot* tupervinon ol the patient i* indi-
cated for et lean 4B hour*.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thi* poiticide  i* to*ic to wildlife and
fish. UM with  cere when applying In
erect frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of weter. Keep out of la hat.
•treemi or pond*.  Oo not apply where
runoff i* likely  to occur. Do not apply
when weather  condition* favor  drift
from target area.  Do not contaminate
weter by cleaning  of equipment or die-
pOMl Of wette*.


   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

          HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep away  from heet end
open flame. '
                                        DIRECTIONS FQR USE
                                    It i* a violation of Fedetel lew to u*e t*i*
                                    product in a manner incontinent with Ita
                                    labeling.

                                       RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                           (IF APPLICABLE)
                                    Do not enter area within
                                    24 hour otter application.

                                     CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                          (IF APPLICABLE)
                                      STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                   STORAGE -Do not contamlnet* weter,
                                   food, or  feed by itorage or  drepoael.
                                   Op«n dumping >• prohibited.  OlS'OS-
                                   AL-r>e*tlcide, eprav mUturej, or rlnaat*
                                   met cennot be weed or chemically repro-
                                   cewed ehouid bo dltpoeed of In e landfill
                                   approved  (or peetictdee or buried  In e
                                   •ate place away  from  weter  euppiie*,
                                   Container* ahouM b* triple rinaed end
                                   offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
                                   dlapoeed In appro vod landfill or  burled In
                                   aeafeplaee.
                                   Coneult Pad***), it*M «r toe* Olapaaat
                                                                                           RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                              FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                            CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                             DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                    METHO
                                                                                                                INSECTICIDE
                                                                                                       Emulsifiable  Concentrate
                                                                                                                   ^  v\  v ^
                                                                                            ACTIVE INGREDIirtT:^  METWO»jyL
                                                                                            INERT INGflifAEim:   .
                                                                                            TOTAL:     * J>     \    ^

                                                                                                    Net Content: 50  gallons
                                                                                                                    .S LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
                                                                                                       .EGI&T««*i) TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
                                                                                                           OF REACH  OF CHILDREN
      DIRECTIONS FOR-USE
      SPRAY PREPARATION

CD) eprey tank K to » full of vwtar. Add De
Matho oVectiv to apray tank and ml* tftor-
ougMy. uting mechanic* or hydraulic meant;
do not MM a* agitation.

         APPLICATION

Apply M the racanuntridad rate* when IAMC*
tint appeer. Unlet* otherwise noted, continue
app.icet.OAi at 6- to T-dey Irtiernati  or  •
needed. UM *.n
direction* under normal UM condition*. Thi*
warranty doe* not ••tend to UM of thi* prod-
utt contrary to label  UM direction*, c* under
abnormal UM condition.), or under condition*
not reeaonabh/ toreiMibl* to laller; buyer ea>
murm all ri*k of any tuch UM. Seller make* no
other warrentie*, expret* or implied.

•urdMM of Out materiel doe* not confer any
right* under patent*  of counuiee outiida  of
fte United State*.

          CROP USAGE
                                                                                                 DANGER  -   POISON    --:
                                                               STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

                                                      : SWALLOWED •  Induce vomiting by giving a tablespoonful ot salt in
                                                       warm water.  Repeat  until vomitus is clear  Call a physician imr
                                                      ; INHALED  • Remove to  fresh air.  Cat! a physician immediately.
                                                      : IN EVES • Flush eves with plenty of water tor at least 15 minuti
                                                       physician immediately.

                                                       wash skin with soap and water.


                                                                  SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                    PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                        MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                    PEST TOWN, VERMONT

                                                              ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                              EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43
                                                                                                                                                                                               LAST AmiCATION OAYt
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00
                                          DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                             PECANS: Pecan Scab. Brown Lufspot. Downy Spot An
                     No-DiM«e Benomyl Fungicide  should be  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Di«ase.Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
(eradkant), and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
your Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be given to prompt use of
other suitable fungicides.
Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
rate for large mature trees.
Add required amount of No-Oisease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous  agitation  is required to keep the
material in suspension.  Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic  copper sul
fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to V/t Ibs. per acre at pink
bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
second application during half-to-full bloom.
APPLES. PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
ground  equipment or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease per  acre  with
sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Scab (Apples), Powdery  MiUtw, Sooty Blotch, Flyspech-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to 14 day intervals (or as needed) through
the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
adverse effects on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are  of
primary importance, do not use more than 4  oz. per ICO gals.
Postharvtst Fruit Rots (Botrytis so.. Penicillium sp., Gloeosporium tp.)-Make a
single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to J weeks before harvest. For additional
protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
or spraying  at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
Overwinttrinc Scab (ApplM)-Apply 8 oz. per  100 gals, after harvest  but before
leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is  necessary.
BEANS (SNAP): Whtta Rot (Sclerotinia),  Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply I1; to 2
Ibv per acre at 25% to 50% bloom; repeat  at peak bloom. Do not apply within
14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock.
CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS,  MELONS,  SUMMER AND
WINTER  SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew, Arrthracnose
—Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications  when plants begin to run or when
disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1'- IDS
per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7 to 14 day inter
vals through the Woom period.
MANGOES: Anthracnose—Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications  at
lirst appearance of  panicles (approx. 2" tang), and repeat at weekly intervals until  all
fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry Bubbte)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals and
apply to bed surface at the rate of 12'/i gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, it disease has occurred, apply  to
beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
PEANUTS: Cvcospora Uafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days ot harvest.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecarbamate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u.i. ht*. i.Hi.m 11,01.17*    EPA Est. 1 352-WV-1
                      50%
                      50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                                Keep out of  reach of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                           Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                           In case of contact, flush skm or eyes with plenty ot  water; tor eyes, get medical
                                                                                           attention.

                                                                                           IMPORTANT-Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                           10 certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of  No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                           cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container: crush and
                                                                                           bury when empty.
                                                                                           This product is toxic to  fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or  ponds. Do not apply
                                                                                           when weather conditions tavor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                           by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50   LBS.
                                                                                            B-21150  8-73A                                Made in U.S.A.   Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                 KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical  City, West  Virginia
>/: to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over X ft. tall. A surfactant may bt
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollination whtn
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThMavtopsts paradoxa)-Use Itt Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES. PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400gals. of spray per acre
with hydraulic  ground equipment or  equivalent amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Btossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use V6
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of >/i Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spol-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use % Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and AKemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using Vi Ib. per acre. Anthracnos*-Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Appry 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14-  to 21-day intervals as
needed.  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystis paradoxa)-Apply
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1; 1600). Immerse seedpieces to grve
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature ot the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes: remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew,  Black Spot);  FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use B oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.): for Black Spot ot roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tulip. Gladiolus. Daffodil, Iris); Fusarium and PwfeWum
Rots-Use 1% Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85BF.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are tor forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this  material does  not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
CD

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                ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
          Sun-Heal
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
   Active Ingredients:
   Atrazine: 2-chloro-
   4-Ethylamino-6-
   isopropylamino-
   s-triazine . . . 20.0%

   Inert Ingredients:  80.0%
                 Total:
            100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning:
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                    Chemical Company
                    Chemical City, West Virginia
                      305

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                                         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #3
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sato And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty                         ~

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred  to above.  Kill-bead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it. subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sate And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

 Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application.  Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using Anti-Weed where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                               Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches       „ Recommended  _  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate —  for Band
                                               Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions lor Use	

  Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail          Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass             Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

  Johnsongrass   Field Bindweed   Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
Soil
Light soils : Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
Rate per acre of Anti-Weed
BroadcaM
15lbs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed  should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          306

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                       FORMULATION  AND APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIII
                      ANSWERS  TO ASSIGNMENT  SHEETS

Assignment Sheet #1
   1.     12 pounds
   2.     12 pounds
   3.     12.45 pounds or  12 1/2  pounds

Assignment Sheet #2
   1.     20 quarts
   2.     2 pints
   3.     1.25 gallons

Assignment Sheet #3
   1.     a.    Emulsifiable concentrate
         b.    EC or E
         c.    Diluted  with water
         d.    1.8  pounds
         e.    Fill  spray tank 1/4 to 1/2 full of water. Add correct amount of De Metric
              directly to spray tank and mix thoroughly,  using mechanical or hydraulic
              means.  Fill  spray tank the rest of the way.  Do not use air agitation.
         f.    1)   2 pints/100 gallons
              2)   4 pints  or 2  quarts
         g.    One gallon
   2.     a.    Wettable powder
         b.    WP  or W
         c.    50%  of 50 pounds = 25  pounds
         d.    Diluted
                                      307

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      e.   Fill tank  1/2 full with  water. Start agitator.  Measure the  correct amount
           of WP and add to a small  amount of water in a clean mixing bucket; stir
           well  until mixed. Add  slurry to tank. Finish filling  the tank with water.

      f.   1)   2 pounds per acre

           2)   10 acres

           3)   20 pounds per tank

      g.   2  1/2  pounds of No-Disease

3.    a.   Granular

      b.   G

      c.   As is

      d.   20%  of 50  = 10 pounds

      e.   You  would  not  mix
                                     308

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                     FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
                                  UNIT  VIM
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms  on the right to the correct  definitions.
             a.  Area,  building, plant,  or animal to be
                treated with pesticide in order to protect
                it from or reach the  target pest

            _b.  Pesticide  as   it  sold  before  diluting;
                usually contains a large amount of active
                ingredient

            _c.  Pest to be controlled  with a  pesticide

            _d.  Mixture   of   one  or   more  active
                ingredients with other materials needed
                to make a pesticide easy to store, handle,
                dilute, and apply
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
Formulation

Target

Site

Compatible

Concentrate

Solvent

Solution
             e.  Able  to   be  combined  with   other
                pesticides  and applied  as  a  mixture
                without reducing their effectiveness

             f.  Mixture made by dissolving a substance
                in  a  liquid; mixture will  not  separate or
                settle out in normal  use
                Liquid  such  as  water,  kerosene,  or
                alcohol   that  a  pesticide   or  other
                substance will  dissolve in and form  a
                solution
                                      309

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2.     Match the types of pesticide formulations on the right to the correct descriptions.
             a.  Dry  preparation which  may  contain  a
                fairly high  concentration (15% - 95%) of
                active ingredient and is mixed with water
                to form a suspension when applied

             b.  Dry  preparation which contains a fairly
                high concentration (15%  - 95%) of active
                ingredient that dissolves in water to form
                a solution  for application

             c.  Active ingredient in  the form of a gas
                or liquid  which becomes a  gas  when
                applied  and  reaches the target as a gas

             d.  Finely ground ready-to-use  dry mixture
                combining  a  small  amount  of   active
                ingredient  with  an  inert carrier such as
                talc, clay,  or volcanic ash

             e.  Very finely ground solid material which
                is suspended  in a liquid; usually contains
                a high concentration or large amount of
                the active  ingredient  and is mixed with
                water when  applied

            _f.  Food  or  other  attractive  substance
                mixed with an active  ingredient that will
                attract and be eaten  by  pests and cause
                their death

             g.  Ready-to-use  dry mixture  of a  small
                amount  of active ingredient and  inert
                carriers  with  all particles  larger than dust
                particles

             h.  Solution which may contain pure  active
                ingredient; usually used without dilution

             i.  Solution   which   contains   a    high
                concentration or large amount of  active
                ingredient  which should  be mixed with
                water; may contain from one to  several
                pounds  of  active ingredient per gallon of
                concentrate

            J.  Solution   which   contains   a    low
                concentration or small amount of active
                ingredient  in  a highly  refined oil or other
                solvent
 1.    Dust (D)

 2.    Fumigant

 3.    Wettable powder
       (WP or W)

 4.    Soluble powder
       (SP)

 5.    Emulsifiable
       concentrate
       solution
       (EC or E)

 6.    Ultra-low
       volume
       concentrate
       solution (ULV)

 7.    Flowable (F)

 8.    Granule (G)

 9.    Low
       concentrate
       solution (S)

10.    Poisonous
       bait (B)
                                       310

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List two  factors an applicator must  consider  when  selecting  a formulation.

a.

b.

Match  the  methods  of pesticide  application  on  the right   to  the correct
descriptions.

	a.  Complete  or  partial  immersion  of  a
          plant, animal, or object in  a pesticide

	b.  Application  to a small area

	c.  Aiming the  pesticide at a portion of a
          plant, animal, or structure

	d.  Application  to the soil followed by use
          of  tillage   implements  to  mix  the
          pesticide  with the soil

	e.  Saturation of the soil with  a pesticide
          or oral treatment of an animal

	f.  Application  along the side of a crop row

	g.  Application  to the  leaves  of  a  plant,
          shrub, or  tree

	h.  Pouring the  pesticide along  the  midline
          of the backs  of  livestock

	i.  Application  to a strip or band  over or
          along each crop  row

	j.  Application  over the top of  the  growing
          plant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Band
Broadcast
Dip
Directed
Drench
Foliar
In-furrow
Over-the-top
Pour-on
Sided ress
Soil
incorporation
Spot
treatment
       k.  Uniform   application   to
          specified  area
an   entire
	I.   Application  to  or  in a furrow in which
          a crop is  planted

Discuss  the  advantages,  disadvantages,  and  principal uses  of the following
formulations.
Formulation
a. Dust
b. Emulsifiable
concentrate
c. Wettable
powder
Advantages



Disadvantages



Principle Uses



                                311

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6.     Select  from the  list below the best time  to  mix pesticides by placing an "X"
       in  the blank.

       	a.  24 hours before  using

       	b.  48 hours before  using


       	c.  Immediately  before  using


       	d.  6  weeks  before  using
7.     List  in  the  proper sequence  the  procedure for mixing  wettable  powders.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

       e.

       f.


       g-

8.     List  in the proper sequence the procedure for mixing emulsifiable concentrates.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

       e.

       f.

9.     List  three safety precautions to observe when mixing  and handling pesticides.

       a.

       b.

       c.
                                      312

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10.    Describe the importance of drift control.
11.      List two factors  to  consider in determining the application rate.

        a.

        b.

12.      Calculate the following problem to determine the amount  of wettable powder
        to  use. Use the  following formula and show your  work.

        Gals of spray  needed x % active ingredient wanted x 8.3# per gallon of water
                      % active  ingredient  in  pesticide  used

        Problem: A local expert recommended  using a 0.2% spray. You have on hand
        a 50% wettable powder of the right pesticide and you  need  75 gallons of the
        spray. How much pesticide is  needed?
                                      313

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13.    Calculate the problem below determining the amount of emulsifiable concentrate
       to use. Show your work.

       Problem:  The label recommends using  3  pints per acre of 6E. Your sprayer
       holds 60  gallons and applies 6  gallons  per acre. How  much 6E is needed?
14.    Complete the following  chart of liquid and  volume measures.

       a.   1 gallon  of water = 	 pounds (approx)

       b.   1 pint = 	  fluid  ounces = 473  milliliters

       c.   1 quart =  	 pints = 32  fluid ounces = 946 milliliters

       d.   1 pound  wettable powder per  100 gallons = 	tablespoon per
            gallon  (approx)

15.    Interpret  the  De Weed label provided on page 316 and answer the questions
       below.

       a.   What is the type of formulation?


       b.   What is the symbol for the formulation?


       c.   With what do you  dilute this formulation?


       d.   How many pounds of active ingredient are in this formulation?
                                      314

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e.    Your sprayer holds 300 gallons and applies 30 gallons per acre. You have
     quack grass in  your blueberries and want to make one application to get
     rid of it.

       1)     How many acres can  your sprayer cover without having to refill?


       2)     What dose (rate)  would  you  use?


       3)     How much pesticide would you  measure  into  your tank?
                              315

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                                                    PRECAUTIONARY
                                                      STATEMENTS

                                                 HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                        (CAUTIONI

                                             Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
                                             directly to humans. Care should ba Taken
                                             to avoid inhalation of d
                                                  longed cornact w
GO
co
                                                                   Of water, G«t
                                                                   ation  persists.
                                                                  ce shield when
medical attention if  i
Wear safety goggle* or


  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
                                             Keep out of lakes, strea

                                             drift from target area.
                                                                  s, or pond*. Do
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

11 it a violation of Federal law to use thit
                                                STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                                             Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                                             bv storage or disposal. Opart dumping i»
                                             prohibited. Pesticide,  spray mixture, or
                                             rinsate that cannot'be used or chemically
                                             reprocessed  should  be disposed of in a
                                             landfill approved for pesticides or buried
                                             in a safe place away from water supplies.
                                             Containers should be  disposed of in an
                                             incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                                             cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
                                             Consult Federal, State, or local disposal
                                             authorities for  approved  alternate proce-
                                             duras *uch at limited open burning.
                                                                                                                               HERBICIDE
                                                                                                                         WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                      ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                      INERT  INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                      TOTAL:
                                                                                                                                               tri-azoic acid
                                                                                                                  80.0%
                                                                                                                  20.0%
                                                                                                                 100.0%
                                                                                                     KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                                                                                                                         CAUTION

                                                                                                                STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                               IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
                                                               IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
                                                               IF IN E YES Flush eyes with plenty of water
                                                                                                                      MFG BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                            Aster,  Minnesota

                                                                                                               EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-1
                                                                                                                  EPA  REGISTRATION  NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

DeWeed is for weed control in certain crops,
ornamental plantings,  on  industrial tlm, and
around-the-farm. It should be applltd before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It controls a  wide variety of annual
broedlaaf  and grass weed* when used at selec-
tive rates  in agricultural crops and ornamental
plantings.  When used  at higher, non-selective
rates in non crop areas, It alto controls many
parennial broad leaf and gratt weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
spray equipment  with 80° flat-fan  no "let.
Screens in spray system  should be no finer
than 50 mesh. Use a  pump with capacity to
maintain  35-40 psi at noiiles. Ute hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-
plication  to maintain a uniform suspension.
Aerial application: UM only  where specified
in the use directions.

BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERRIE5 (black-
berries, boysenberries, loganberries,  raspber-
ries)-Queckgrass.  Apply S Ibs per acre in the
fall or split the application applying 2K Ibs
per acre in the foil plus 2Xi Ibs P«r acre in the
spring, when  quack grail  it growing. Do not
apply when fruit is present.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            i year
old (Northeastern  U.S. only)-Met.„,,, n..u
mustard, chick weed, alyssum, downy brume,
wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before June 1) may
be treated in the fall after the last cutting but
before frozen ground conditions, Apply 1  Ib.
of De Weed per acre. For ground application
apply in a minimum of 2V.  gait, of water per
acre.

GRASSES   GROWN  FOR SEED (Pacific
Northwest   only).  Perennial  ryegrass,  tall
fescue and  fine fescues, such  as  Pennlawn,
Chewings, Ranter, and related species. Control
of broadteof weeds and annual grasses includ-
ing annual ryegrats, rattail  fescue,  silver hair-
grass and downy brome.  Apply  2ft  Ibs of
De Weed in a minimum of IS gals of water
per acre as soon as fall rains start. Apply only
to grasses from which at least one seed crop
has been cut.

WEED  CONTROL on industrial  sites, high-
way medians, and shoulders, railroad righti-ol

farms such  as around buildings, fuel storage
areas,  along fences,  roadsides,  and  lanes,
Aerial application may  be  made where it is
feasible. Use at least 1 gal of water for each 1
Ib.  of DeWeed:  use more  water if practical
for both ground and aerial application.  To
control annual broadleaf and grass weeds (in-
cluding  barnyard  grass,   cheat,  crabgrass.
lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
and mullein), apply 6-12% Ibs. per acre.  To
control  most annual  and  many  perennial
broadleaf and grass weeds  (including  quack-
grats.  bluegrats, red top,   burdock.  Canada
thistle, orchardgran, dogfennel, and plantain),
apply  12W-25 Ibs. per acre. To control herd-
to-kill perennial weeds (including bull thistle
end sow thistle), apply 25-50 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                                                                       NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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1.
2.
                     FORMULATION  AND APPLICATION
                                  UNIT VIII
                             ANSWERS TO TEST
a.
b.
c.
d.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3
5
2
1
3
4
2
1
7
10
e.
f.
g-

g-
h.
i.
j-


4
7
6

8
6
5
9


3.    Any  two of the following:

      a.   Effectiveness against the pest

      b.   Cost of the application

      c.   Plant,  animal, or surface  to be protected

      d.   Possible injury to the protected surface

      e.   Application equipment  which is available

      f.   Danger of  drift or runoff

      g.   Hazard to  the applicator,  other persons, plants, and  animals

4.    a.   3             e.    5             i.   1

      b.   12            f.    10            j.   8

      c.   4             g-    6             k.   2

      d.   11            h.    9             I.   7
                                     317

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Discussion  should include:
Formulation
a. Dust




b. Emulsifiable
concentrate




c. Wettable
powder





Advantages
Ready to use;
requires no
mixing;
easy to apply
High concen-
tration; relative-
ly inexpensive;
suitable for low
pressure equip-
ment ;with
limited agitation
Relatively in-
expensive; safer
than emulsi-
fiable concen-
trate to use on
tender foliage;
easy to measure
Disadvantages
Drift hazard;
expensive



Easy to over-
dose; may be
hazardous to
applicator;
phytotoxicity

May be hazard-
ous to applicator;
requires mechan-
ical agitation;
difficult to mix;
may clog nozzles

Principal Uses
Spot treatment;
livestock and
poultry; limited
foliage use

Fruits and vegeta-
bles; farm animals;
field crops



Fruits and vegeta-
bles; farm animals;
field crops


c

6.
7.






8.





c
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
     Fill  tank one-half  full with water



     Start agitator



     Measure out correct amount of wettable powder



     Add  powder to  a  small  amount  of water in a clean  mixing bucket



     Stir until well mixed



     Add  slurry  to tank



     Finish  filling  the tank



     Fill  tank one-fourth to one-half  full  with water



     Measure out correct amount of emulsifiable concentrate



     Add  EC directly into spray tank



     Mix thoroughly  using  mechanical or  hydraulic means



     Finish  filling  the tank



     Do not use air  agitation
                               318

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 9.     Any three of the following:
       a.   Follow all  safety precautions stated on the  label
       b.   Use protective clothing and equipment as  stated on  the  label
       c.   Rinse empty containers and measuring cups  to remove any residue
       d.   Read  the  label or consult an expert to make sure  mixes of two or more
            pesticides  are compatible
       e.   Avoid splashes, spills, and  leaks
       f.   Wash  all  contaminated areas on clothing or  equipment
       g.   Dispose  of empty  containers properly
10.     Description should include:
       a.   Is  hazardous to  the  environment
       b.   May injure wildlife
       c.   Contaminates water,  foliage, and pasture
       d.   May damage nearby  crops  and cause  illegal  residues
       e.   Is  expensive
11.     a.   Read  the  label;  never  use  more than  the  dosage rate recommended
       b.   Consult  an expert for less than recommended rate
12.     2.5  Ibs per 75  gallons  of water
13.     30 pints or 15 quarts or 3 gallons and  3 quarts
14.     a.   8.3
       b.   16
       c.   2
       d.   1
15.     a.   Wettable  powder
       b.   WP or W
       c.   Water
       d.   80% of  5  pounds  = 4  pounds
       e.   1)   10  acres
            2)   5 pounds per acre
            3)   50  pounds
                                      319

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                            EQUIPMENT AND ITS  USE
                                     UNIT IX
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should  be able to identify types of equipment
used to apply pesticides, describe the procedure for calibrating the equipment, and calculate
problems involving calibration. This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration
and  by scoring eighty-five percent on the unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion of this unit, the student should be  able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated  with  pesticide equipment  and their  uses to the
              correct definitions.

        2.     Identify types of pesticide application equipment.

        3.     List types  of support  equipment  needed for  application of pesticide.

        4.     Discuss  in a short  paragraph the  importance of  choosing  the proper
              equipment when applying pesticides.

        5.     Complete a chart listing the advantages and disadvantages of common types
              of application equipment.

        6.     List safety precautions to observe when  cleaning and  storing equipment
              after use.

        7.     Match  types  of nozzles  to the correct descriptions.

        8.     Tell why  it is important to  calibrate  equipment.

        9.     Describe the procedure for calibrating  pesticide application equipment by
              arithmetic calculation.

      10.     Calculate problems  involving  pesticide equipment calibration.
                                        321

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                      EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                               UNIT  IX
                       SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide student with information and  assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss terminal and specific objectives.

    E.   Discuss information  and assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using
         labels common to  the local  community. Assignment Sheet #2 is optional
         and should  be completed  only if  nomographs  are  used  in  the  local
         community.)

    F.   Borrow equipment from local dealers or farms and allow student to practice
         calibrating equipment  using  any method.

         (CAUTION:  Use water, not pesticides.)

    G.   Survey farms and determine which types of equipment  are used most often
         in  your area. Discuss  why.

    H.   Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read objective sheet.

    B.   Read and  study information sheet.

    C.   Complete assignment sheets.

    D.   Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information  sheet
                                   323

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 III.   Transparency masters

      A.  TM  1-Types of Pesticide Application Equipment

      B.  TM  2-Types of Pesticide Application Equipment (Continued)

      C.  TM  3-Types of Pesticide Application Equipment (Continued)

      D.  TM  4-Types of Nozzles

      E.  TM  5-Sprayer  Calibration  Nomograph

 IV.   Assignment sheets

      A.  Assignment  Sheet  #1--Calculate Problems Involving Pesticide  Equipment
          Calibration

      B.  Assignment  Sheet  #2--Calculate  Problems  Using  Nomograph

  V.   Answers  to assignment sheets

 VI.   Test

VII.   Answers  to test
                                     324

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                       EQUIPMENT AND ITS  USE
                                 UNIT IX
                         INFORMATION  SHEET
 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Dilute-To make a pesticide thinner or weaker by adding water, oil, or other
         materials

    B.   Concentrate-Pesticide as it is sold before diluting; usually contains a large
         amount  of the active  ingredient

    C.   Diluent-Liquid or  dust  used  to water  down  or  weaken a  concentrated
         pesticide

    D.   Formulation-Mixture of one or more active ingredients with other materials
         needed  to  make it easy to store, handle, dilute, and apply

    E.   Target-Pest intended to be controlled with  pesticide

    F.   Site-Area,  building, plant, or animal to  be treated with the pesticide in
         order to protect it from or reach  a target pest

    G.   Compatible-Able to be  combined with  other  pesticides and applied as a
         mixture  without reducing their effectiveness

    H.   Adjuvant (additive)-Substance added to  the pesticide formulation or tank
         mix  to  make  the  active ingredient work better

         Examples:     Wetting  agent,   spreaders, adhesive,   emulsifying  agent,
                       penetrant

    I.    Calibration-Measurement of how much  pesticide  will be applied by  the
         equipment  to  the  site; measurement of  the delivery rate

II.  Types of pesticide application equipment (Transparencies 1, 2, and  3)

    A.   Hand sprayer

    B.   Low pressure  field sprayer

    C.   High pressure  field sprayer

    D.   Air blast sprayer or mist blower

    E.   Ultra-low volume sprayer
                                    325

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                         INFORMATION  SHEET






     F.  Hand duster




     G.  Power duster




     H.  Granular applicator




     I.   Fumigant applicator




     J.   Aerosol generator




     K.  Fogger




     L.  Aerosol bomb




     M.  Back rubber




     N.  Dust bag




     0.  Dipping vat




     P.   Airplane




     Q.  Paintbrush




III.   Support equipment




     (NOTE: Support equipment  is used in  addition to  application equipment.)




     A.  Filler pump




     B.  Tank truck




     C.  Nurse or mixing tank




     D.  Front-end  loader




     E.  Tractor




IV.   Importance of choosing proper equipment




     A.  Saves time




     B.  Saves money




     C.  Provides more thorough application




     D.  Applies pesticides  correctly
                                    326

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                                      INFORMATION  SHEET
    V.   Advantages and  disadvantages  of  application  equipment
          EQUIPMENT
      ADVANTAGES
     DISADVANTAGES
A.    Aerosol  (bomb and  generator)
 Penetrates cracks  and crevices;
 usually reaches  all pests within
 the area; area can be used soon
 after  treatment  by ventilating
                                                                                No  deposit, therefore reaches
                                                                                only the pests  in the  area
                                                                                during  application; difficult
                                                                                to get  long term control;
                                                                                special  pesticide formulation
                                                                                necessary; drift hazard
B.    Duster (hand  and power)
Lightweight; inexpensive;
requires no water
Drift hazard;  high  cost
of pesticide; hard to
control amount of
application; must calibrate
'for each product
      Back  rubber  (rubbing  post,
      dust bag)
Can work  over a long period  of
time; relatively  inexpensive;
portable
 Livestock only; cannot
control amount of
application; all animals
may not  use  applicator
      Granular applicator
Lightweight; no water  needed;
often  used  in  fertilizer
spreader or seeder
 High cost  of pesticide;
 limited foliar use; must
 calibrate for each size
 of granule
E.    Hand sprayer
Economical;  simple; easy to
use and  clean
Not practical  for  large
areas;  lacks agitation;
wettable powder may clog
nozzles
F.    Air-blast sprayer
Good coverage and penetration;
low pressure pump; mechanical
agitation
Drift hazard;  chance of
overdose; difficult to use
in small areas; hard to
confine discharge  to a
limited target
G.    Low pressure  field sprayer
Low cost; lightweight;  versatile;
covers  large areas rapidly
Low volume output limits
pesticide penetration;
agitation is limited
H.    High pressure field sprayer
Well-built;  long  life; usually  has
mechanical agitation; very versatile
Expensive; requires large
amounts of water, power,
and  fuel; heavy tire loads;
drift hazard
I.     Ultra-low volume sprayer
No water is  needed;  equal
control  with  less pesticide
Does not provide for
thorough  wetting; hazard
in using high concentrations;
chance  of  overdose; small
numbers of pesticides can
be used
                                                  327

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


  VI.   Safety precautions  when  cleaning and storing equipment

       A.   Wear protective  clothing and equipment as called for on  the  label

       B.   Follow ALL safety precautions stated on  the  label

       C.   Check equipment for leaks

       D.   Use all of the pesticide  mix in the sprayer

       E.   Wash equipment before storing

       F.   Release pressure

       G.   Wash out tank  and flush  nozzles  with  clean  water;  dispose  of  residue
            properly

 VII.   Types  of  nozzles (Transparency,  4)

       A.   Solid stream-Compact jet used  in  handguns to spray  a  distant target or
            fixed to  apply  a narrow band  or to inject into the soil

       B.   Regular flat fan-Narrow oval pattern with lighter edges; used for broadcast
            spraying

       C.   Flooding  flat fan-Wide angle spray pattern; used for  broadcast spraying

       D.   Even flat fan-Uniform pattern  across  its width; used  for  band spraying

       E.   Hollow cone-Circular pattern with  little or no  spray in  the center; used
            for spraying foliage

       F.   Solid (full) cone-Circular pattern;  used  for spraying foliage

       G.   Broadcast-Wide flat fan pattern; used for boomless sprayers or to extend
            the effective width  on the  end of  the boom

VIM.   Importance of calibrating equipment

       A.   Obtain  desired control

       B.   Practice  good economics

       C.   Apply proper dosage of  the pesticide

            (NOTE:  Avoid  overdosing.)
                                       328

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                         INFORMATION SHEET


IX.   Procedure  for  calibrating equipment

     (NOTE: One can calibrate several ways, with or without arithmetic or by using
     a nomograph. A nomograph  is a carefully plotted chart used to determine the
     missing factor.)

     A.  Measurement method

            1.      Measure  off an  acre (100 feet x  436 feet)

            2.      Fill tank with water

            3.      Spray  the acre

            4.      Refill  tank to determine amount  used

                   Example:     10 gallons to refill; application  rate is 10 gallons
                                per acre

                   (NOTE:  This  tells you how much of the mixture you  would
                   apply.)

            5.      Read  label to determine mixing  rate

     B.  Arithmetic calibration

            1.      Determine pumping rate

                   a.   Fill  spray tank  completely full of water

                   b.   Put vehicle in neutral at the  throttle setting (rpm) desired

                   c.   Open the spray valve and pump for  a predetermined time

                   d.   Close valve, shut down the  equipment,  and measure the
                       amount  of  water  needed to  refill the tank

                   e.   Divide the  number of gallons by time to get pumping rate

                       Example:  10 gallons needed to refill tank = 2 gal/min
                                        5  minutes             pumping rate

            2.      Determine gallons per  acre

                   a.   Determine  the number  of  feet the sprayer  moves in one
                       minute at the desired speed  and throttle

                   b.   Measure  the width of the sprayer boom
                                    329

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                     INFORMATION SHEET
              c.    Determine the pumping rate

              d.    Figure  the  area  that  the  sprayer  covered  in  one minute
                   (distance  traveled x boom width)

                   (NOTE: One mile  per hour equals 88 feet  per  minute.)

                   Example:     440  feet traveled  in  one minute x  20 feet
                                boom width =  8800 square feet covered per
                                minute

              e.    Figure  how many minutes it would take  to spray one acre
                   (divide  43,560 by  the area covered in one  minute)

                   (NOTE: One acre  equals 43,560 square  feet.)

                   Example:     43,560  square feet-f-8800 square feet =
                                4.95 minutes or  5 minutes per acre

              f.    Figure  the amount  of spray pumped per acre (pumping rate
                   x number of minutes per acre)

                   Example:     2  gallons per  minute x  5  minutes per acre
                                =  10 gallons per acre

C.   Use of nomograph  (Transparency 5)

     (NOTE: This method is not used in all areas  of the country.)

     Example:      Sprayer ground speed is 4 mph,  nozzle spacing  is 20 inches,
                   and desired  application rate is  20  gal/acre

                   Solution:  Using a straightedge, draw a  line from 4  mph on
                   the "speed line" through 20 inches  on  "nozzle spacing line"
                   and locate  point where line  intercepts "pivot line". Now
                   draw a line through  intercept  point  on  "pivot  line" and
                   through 20 gal/acre on  "application rate  line" and  locate
                   point where line intercepts "calibration check line". Read
                   either 35 oz/min or 0.27 gal/min. Select nozzle size to give
                   0.27  gal/min  at desired pressure. Adjust  pressure regulator
                   to  give a flow rate of 35 oz/min  from  each  nozzle.
                               330

-------
            Types of Pesticide Application Equipment
W
CO
    Hand Sprayer
                     Dipping Vat
                                         Air Blast Sprayer

                                          or Mist Blower
                                                  Back Rubber

-------
           Types  of Pesticide Application Equipment
                                (Continued)
CO
CO
W
           Low Pressure Field Sprayer
                 High Pressure Field Sprayer
Granular Applicator
   Power Duster

-------
         Types of Pesticide Application Equipment
                            (Continued)
CO
CO
en
               Aerosol Bomb
                                    Aerosol Generator
                                                                  CO

-------
                              Types  of  Nozzles
             Solid (Full)
             Cone Nozzle
CO
OJ
-sj
  Hollow        Flooding Flat
Cone Nozzle       Fan Nozzle
Regular Flat
 Fan Nozzle
             Solid Stream Nozzle

-------
                                 TM 5
Sprayer Calibration Nomograph
UALIBKAI IUN
CHECK







SPEED
130-
120-
ft no:
LU
LU100-
11-
90-
8
8 80-
LTJ 70-
UJ
>
< 60-
U>
1-
0 50-
K 45-
CO
Q 40-
z
O oc

Q- 90-
100-
14 f\
10-
120 :
130-
140 :
OOQ 150J
-.02
-
-.03

- .04
-
- .05
-
- .06
- .07
- .08
-
- .09 LU
i_
- .1 |
] I
cc
LU
0.
- .15to
0
_i
_i
1 2 <
. -2 a


s^
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- .0
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- .6
- .7
- .8
- .9

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-------
                          EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE
                                  UNIT IX


        ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1-CALCULATE  PROBLEMS INVOLVING
                    PESTICIDE  EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION


Read the labels provided on  the following pages.  Determine the amount of pesticide to
use and the type  of equipment to use to make an application by answering the questions
below.

   1.    Equipment

        a.   What equipment would you use to apply  De Metho?

        b.   What equipment would you use to apply  No-Disease?

        c.   What equipment would you use to apply  Anti-Weed?

   2.    Amounts of pesticide to use

        (NOTE: Show your work.)

        a.   Your sprayer pumps 15 gallons in  5  minutes. What is the pumping  rate?
         b.   You have determined  that at the speed and throttle  setting you intend
             to  use, your sprayer moves at 528 feet per minute. (6 mph = 528 feet
             per minute  or 1 mph = 88  feet per  minute).  The sprayer boom covers
             a space of 15 feet wide. How many square feet does  your sprayer cover
             in  one  minute?
                                     341

-------
c.   One acre = 43,560 square feet. How many minutes would it take to spray
     one acre?
d.   How much spray  does  your sprayer pump per acre?
e.    Using the following facts, determine the pumping rate, speed sprayer travels
     per minute, time to cover one acre, amount of spray pumped per acre.

     FACTS:
     10 gallons of spray in five  minutes
     Spray  boom width = 25  feet
     Sprayer  moves at  5 miles per hour
     One mph = 88 feet per minute
     One acre = 43,560 square feet

     ANSWER:
     1)   Pumping  rate 	
     2)   Speed sprayer travels per minute 	
     3)   Time to  cover one  acre                     	
     4)   Amount of spray pumped per acre
                               342

-------
CO
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
 Poleonovt bv twellowing or Inhalation.
 Oo not breathe iprcy milt. Oo not get In
 eyei. AvOW contact with Ikln. UM only
 when  wearing the  following  protective
 eoulpment end clothing. weor tightly-
 woven cotton ovarelii, waterproof hat.
 unlined neoprene fllovet end boott. WMr
 M*ety ooggiai «nd/of fece phleld. Wear •
 me* or retplretor lointlv  approved by
 the Mining  Enforcement  *nd  Safety
 Administration end by  the National
 Innituia tor Occupation*! Safety  and
 Health. Before removing glove*. wein
 them with detergent end weter. Alwey«
 wee* handi. face end arm* with deter-
 gent end water before tmohing, eating
 or  drinking. For emergency a*fUtenc.e.
 call 000 OOO-OOOO.
 TO PHYSICIAN Da Metho it a rever«ibie
 choline«er*»e  inhibitor.  Do not  u*a
 OKimet euch ai 2-PAM. Orve Air opine 2
 mg. intravenously of tubcutaneoutly. K
 ki aye, ln«till on* d'op of Mometropine.
 Ctote  wipervii-on of (he patient ii indi-
 cated lor at lean 48 houtt.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
 Thu petticide  r*  tome  to wiid'i'e and
• fit*. U*e with care when applying In
 er«n frequented bv wildlife or adjacent
 to any body of weter. Keep out of lahat.
 ttreem* or pond*.  Oo not app'V where
 runoff i* likely to  occur. Oo not epoty
 when  waeiher condition*  favor drift
 from  target area.  Do not contaminate
 weter  by cleaning of equipment or  die-
 potel of weitet.

    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

           HAZARDS
                                              DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                          It it • wloUtton of F«0«r»l lew to WM dllt
                                          product in • manrw* Incontinent with In
                                          WMIing.
                                              RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                 (IF APPLICABLE)
                                           CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                (IF APPLICABLE)
                                            STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                         STONAOf-Oo not contaminate water.
                                         food, or feed bv «or«ge or dUpo*el.
                                         Open dumping i« proniblted. plS*O8-
                                         Al-Pettlcld*. tprev mUture. or rlnajw
                                         HIM cannot bo u*ad or chemically repro-
                                         ciaiia vhowM be dliooMd of In a landfill
                                         eoorev«d (or oettkldee or bwrMd In a
                                         •ef* ptae* away from  water •wppile*.
                                         Containari ehowW b« triple rlnead end
                                         offered for recycling, recondltlonta*, •«
                                         dlipand ta epproveja landfill or bwrled tn
                                         enfeplec*.
                                                                                                  RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                                     FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                                   CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                                    DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                          ^
                                                                                                   ACTIVE INGREDIirtT:/ ME
                                                                                                   INERT INGRJSfAf
                                                                                                   TOTAL:     —
                                                                                                           Net Content:  50 gallons
                                                                                                                           .S LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
                                                                                                                           TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
                                                                                                                  OF REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                        DANGER   -  POISON
      DIRECTIONS FOR- USE

          CONTINUED

      SPRAY PREPARATION

PIN ejmv tank H to ft furl of water. Add Oe
Metho dkenty to ipray tank end mla thor-
oughly, yting mechanical or hydreuJk mem;
do not WM atr agnation.

          APPLICATION
  || appear. Unlen othenviM noted, continwe
application* at fr to 7-dey inter** or «
needed. UM Mftitient weter (t-lt frit per
acre by etrl to obtain thorough, uniform cov-
erage.  Apply the low rate* on email plant*.
email worm and light taftnationi of inarm.
UM tntarmediete ratal on larger worm* and
heavier inlettatiom of intact*. UM 1 tt 3 ep-
pt««tion* o>  the higtteii recommended rate
toi controlling Mvera mfMtaiioni. Thereafter,
WM the towe*t rale poiaiaia 10 maintain con-
trol.

       NOTICE TO BUYER

Seller warrarm that «tb product conform to
the Biamlcel daeeription on the label thereof
end t* raamnetjlT fr> ** purpoaei neted on
•uch laM onry when uted in accordance with
d»ect*oni under normal UM conditiom. Thb
warranty doaa not extend to WM of th« prod-
wet contrary to label UM directtona, or wndar
abnormal UM condidom. or under condition*
nan fMeonttoty foreueabU to telter; buyer M>
mmei all rnk of any wch WM. Seller make* no
other warraniiei, (ipniu or implied.

•wrchaM ol the) material doe* not confer any
right*  under patent*  of countriet owttida of
the United  State*.

          CROP USAGE
                                                                 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

                                                       • SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a table*poonful of wit in
                                                         warm water.  Rtpeat until vomitui if clear  Call a phyiician imr
                                                       • INHALED • Remove  to trevh air.  Call  a phytician immedietely.
                                                       : IN EVES -  Fluih eyet with plenty of water for at leait 15 minut<
                                                         phyiician immediately
                                                       = ON SKIN • In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
                                                         waih tkin with soap and water.


                                                                   SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                    -PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                         MFC  BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                      PEST TOWN. VERMONT
                                                                ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                                EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43
                                                                                                                                                              LAST APPLICATION OAY1
                                                                                                                                                                                                     MAflVfET QRAZIMG/FIEDIM
>
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m
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                                          DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                              PECANS: Poon Scab. Brawn Leahpot, Downy Spot, Pn
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          -Apply
CO
                      No-Disease Benomyl  Fungicide should be used only in accordance
                      with recommendations on this label, or  in separate published Kill-Dead
                      recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop; also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate for large mature trees.
 Add required amount  of No-Diiease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means;  continuous  agitation  is required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
 fate, Bordeaux  mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to  \lh Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease per acre   with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated  orchards.
 Scab (Apples). Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch. Ftyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at W' green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. H an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and  to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse effects  on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are  of
 primary importance,  do not use more than  4  oz. per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots  (Botrytis sp.,  Penkillium sp., Gkwosporium $p.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1  to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz.  per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply 8 oz. per  100 gals, after harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sderotinia), Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Appty IVi to 2
 Ibs. per acre at  25%  to 50% bloom;  repeat  at peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest; do  not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock.
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS, MELONS,  SUMMER AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight, Powdery Mildew, Anthracnose
 —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications  when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat  at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply IK Ibs.
 per acre; a surfactant may be added to the  spray to improve wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to  bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14-day  inter-
 vals through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 first appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long),  and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals.  Do not apply within  14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry BubWe)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of \2Yi gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Apply immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafipot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre.  Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21 •
day intervals as  needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               COMT1NUKOOM RMMT PAWL
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                   Wettable  Powder
                                                                                            ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl Mbutylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecarbamate]	
                                                                                            INERT INGREDIENTS	
                                                                                            us  r.n. I.HI.III > i.ui.m   EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
	50%
	50%
 EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                                Keep out of reach  of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT, AND SKIN.
                                                                                            Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                            In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical
                                                                                            attention.

                                                                                            IMPORTANT-Never a!lowNo-_Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                            to certain chemical changes which wilt reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                            cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container; crush and
                                                                                            bury when empty.
                                                                                            This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not apply
                                                                                            when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                            by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  5O  LBS.
                                                                                            B-21150  8-73A                                Made in U.S.A.   Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                 KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical  City, West  Virginia
Vt to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt  Rot (Thielaviopsls paradoia)-Use 1% Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES,  NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use V4
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red  bud, or green tip) and at full Woom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of Vt Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall; Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use % Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by flhl-
zoput spp. and Atternaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytls), Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to  14-day intervals, using Vfc Ib. per acre. Anthracnose-Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants  are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Laaftpot—Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day  intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocyttit paradoxa)-Apply
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow  to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20  to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery Mildew,  Black  Spot);  FLOWERS, ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season;  shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip. Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris); Fuurlum and PMfcflhim
Rots-Use 1% Ibs. per 100 gats, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.). preferably within 48 noun
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.

NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and  is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all  risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of  this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                            CO
                                                                                                            CO
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                                                                                                            •z.
                                                                                                            CO
                                                                                                            X
                                                                                                            m

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              ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
                                 206
HerDtclde
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
4-Ethylamino-6-
isopropylamino-
s-triazine . . . 20.0%

Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
Total:      100.0%
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                  Anti-Weed 20G is a
                  granular herbicide



                  Warning
                  Keep out of reach of
                  children. See addition-
                  al warning statements
                  on back of bag.
                  KILL-DUD
                  Chemical Company
                  Chemical City, West Virginia
                     345

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                                          ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1
 DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
 WARRANTY
 IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
 ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

 Conditions Ot Sale And Warranty

 The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
 perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
 to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
 impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
 of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
 consequences may result because of such factors as weather
 conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
 application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
 or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
 Kill-Dead warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
 cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
 poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
 inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-Dead makes no other
 express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
 any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
 Kill-Dead or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
 or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this '
 product. Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
 Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
 Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
 in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
 Dead Chemical Company.'

 General Information	

 Anti-Weed  will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
 in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
 prior to weed and crop emergence.

 Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
 tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
 zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
 days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
 period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
 hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
 nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

 Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
 desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

 Store  Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

 Application Instructions
 Broadcast or Overall Treatment
 Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
 small amounts of granules evenly.

 Band Treatment
 Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
 of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
 Band Width in Inches       y Recommended _ Anti-Weed
 Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate — for Band
                                              Treatment
 Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
 the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
. and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
 matter.

 Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
 such as:
 Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum           Mustard
 Qreen Foxtail           Annual Morhingglory    Pigweed
 Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur             Ragweed
 Barnyardgrass          Sandbur               Smartweed
  (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed            Sunflower
 Crabgrass             Lambsquarters         Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

  Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                 Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt * •
15 IDS.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 •For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules.  3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
 Warning
 Keep out of reach of children.

 Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
 lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
 skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
 While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
 or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
 Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
 feed and foodstuffs.

 This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
 streams.

 Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          346

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                          EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                                    UNIT  IX
    ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2--CALCULATE PROBLEMS  USING NOMOGRAPH
Use the nomograph provided on  the  following page to  calculate the problems below:

   1.     A broadcast sprayer has a 20 inch nozzle spacing. A check of the nozzles shows
         each  one puts  out  28 ounces per  minute. How fast would you have to drive
         to  apply  15 gallons per  acre?
   2.     Rows  are 40  inches apart. You want to spray a 14 inch  band at 5 miles per
         hour and with an equivalent broadcast rate of 25 gallons  per acre. How many
         ounces per  minute  would be applied?
   3.     You want to  spray a broadcast rate of 25 gallons per acre at a speed of 3.5
         miles per hour.  The nozzles are spaced 20 inches apart on  the boom. What
         should be the flow rate for each  nozzle?

-------
            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
SPRAYER  CALIBRATION   NOMOGRAPH
CALIBRATION
CHECK








SPEED
130-
{-120-
uj 110-
"•100-
§90-
~eo-
_j
jjj 70-
« 60-
H
Ł50-
45-
o>
0 40-
835-
8
30-
*
x •
a 25-
5 ;
o 20 :
U
UJ
a
V)
15-
-1


•
NOZZLE
-2
c
D
o
' I
-** ^
(O ^*^~^
UJ J^*^"^"^
^i


-5
-6
SPACING
r40
^--^
- 30 ^-"'^
30^^^-
^HQ
V)
l-ioi
o
-I0~
-8
-7
-6
LS
-7
-8
-9
LIO






APPLICATION
RATE
p2





^-^_
^^\^
^\^





w 90-
3 HO-
i- 130-
0 150-

-3
-4
-5
^6
-7
-8 uj
-9 
GALLON


_ »
.3

-.4
-.5
-.6
-.7
-.8
Q
,«F
-I.O


                 349

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                           EQUIPMENT AND ITS  USE
                                     UNIT IX
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS


Assignment Sheet #1

   1.     Equipment

         a.    Probably a low  pressure field sprayer; a high pressure field sprayer might
              be  used

         b.    Probably a low  pressure field sprayer; a high pressure field sprayer might
              be  used

         c.    Granular spreader

   2.     Amounts of pesticide to use

         a.    3 gal/min

         b.    7920 sq ft

         c.    5.5 min/acre

         d.    16.5  gal/acre

         e.    1)   2 gal/min

              2)   440 ft/min

              3)   3.96 or 4  min/acre

              4)   8 gal/acre


Assignment Sheet #2

   1.     4.3 miles  per hour

   2.     38 ounces  per  minute per nozzle

   3.     0.3 gallons per minute  or  38.5 ounces per minute
                                        351

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                         EQUIPMENT  AND  ITS USE
                                   UNIT IX
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to  the  correct definitions.
             a.  Mixture   of  one   or   more   active
                ingredients with  other  materials needed
                to  make  it easy to store, handle, dilute,
                and apply

             b.  To make a pesticide thinner or weaker
                by adding water, oil, or other materials


            _c.  Measurement of how much pesticide will
                be applied by the equipment to the site;
                measurement of the delivery  rate
             d.  Pest  intended  to be  controlled  with
                pesticide


            _e.  Pesticide  as it  is  sold  before  diluting;
                usually contains a large amount of the
                active ingredient
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
Dilute

Concentrate

Diluent

Formulation

Target

Site

Compatible

Adjuvant
(additive)

Calibration
            _f.  Able  to   be  combined  with  other
                pesticides  and  applied  as  a  mixture
                without reducing their  effectiveness
             g.  Liquid or dust used to water down or
                weaken  a concentrated pesticide
            _h.  Substance  added  to   the  pesticide
                formulation  or tank mix to make the
                active ingredient  work better
             i.  Area,  building, plant, or  animal to be
                treated with  the pesticide in order to
                protect it from  or reach  a target  pest
                                     353

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2.     Identify the following types of  pesticide application equipment by writing the
       correct names in the  blanks.
3.
                                                 f..
List  three  types of support equipment needed  for application  of pesticide.
a.
b.
c.
                                       354

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4.     Discuss in  a short paragraph the importance of choosing the proper equipment
      when applying pesticides.
5.     Complete the following chart.
       Equipment
Advantages
Disadvantages
       High  pressure
       field  sprayer
       Low  pressure
       field  sprayer
      Granular
      applicator
                                     355

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       List five safety precautions to observe when cleaning and storing equipment after
       use.
       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.
       e.

       Match  the types of  nozzles on the right  to the correct

                                                            1.

                                                            2.
      _a.  Circular  pattern;  used  for  spraying
          foliage
8.
            _b. Wide flat fan pattern; used for boomless
                sprayers or to extend the effective width
                on the end of the boom

             c. Uniform  pattern  across  its width;  used
                for  band spraying

            _d. Circular pattern with little  or no spray
                in the  center; used for spraying  foliage

             e. Wide  angle  spray  pattern;  used  for
                broadcast  spraying

            _f. Narrow oval  pattern with lighter edges;
                used for  broadcast spraying

             g. Compact  jet  used in handguns to spray
                a  distant  target  or  fixed  to  apply  a
                narrow band or to inject  into the soil
Tell  why it  is important to calibrate equipment.

a.
                                                     3.

                                                     4.


                                                     5.

                                                     6.


                                                     7.
descriptions.

   Broadcast

   Flooding
   flat fan

   Hollow  cone

   Solid  (full)
   cone

   Solid  stream

   Regular
   flat fan

   Even  flat
   fan
       b.
       c.
                                        356

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9.     Describe  the  procedure  for  calibrating  pesticide  application  equipment  by
       arithmetic calculation.
                                       357

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10.     Calculate the problems below and show your work.

       a.   What type of equipment would  you use to  apply De Weed?

           (NOTE:  Refer  to  the label on the  following page.)


       b.   Calibration

           FACTS:
           One acre = 43,560 square  feet
           One mile per hour = 88 feet  per  minute
           Spray  boom  width = 20 feet
           Speed  sprayer travels =  5 mph
           Sprayer  pumps =15  gallons in 5 minutes

           1)   What  is  the  pumping rate?


           2)   How many feet  per minute does your  sprayer travel?


           3)   How many square  feet does your sprayer cover  in one  minute?


           4)   How many minutes would it  take  to spray  one  acre?


           5)   How much spray do you pump per acre?
                                      358

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OJ
CJ1
CO
                                                         PRECAUTIONARY
                                                           STATEMENTS

                                                       HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                             (CAUTION!

                                                   Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
                                                   directly to human*. Cara should be taken
                                                   tp avoid inhalation of dust or *prev mist,

                                                   of contact,  immediately  flush eyes or
                                                   ikin  with  larga amount*  of water. Get
                                                   medical attantion i)  irritation persim.
                                                   Wear safety goggle* or tact shield whan
                                                   handling,

                                                    ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                                   KMP out of laket, ttreams, or pond*. Do
                                                   not apply when weather condition* favor
                                                   drift  trom target area.
   DIRECTIONS FOR USE
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
                                                   P'oducl in • manner inconiitlt
                                                   UMIing.
                                                      STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                     ute tha
                                                                             cally
                                                   reprocetsed thould be disposed of in a
                                                   landfill approved for pesticide* or buried
                                                   in a sete place away from water supplies.
                                                   Containeri ihould be disposed of in an
                                                   incinerator or landfill approved 'or petti -

                                                   Contult Federal, State, or local ditpotal
                                                   •uthoritiei (or approved elternata proce-
              PE WEE
                                                                                     D^i
                                                                        HERBICIDE
                                                                   WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                      ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                      INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                      TOTAL:
                                                                                                                                           tri-azoic acid
                                                                                                     80.0%
                                                                                                     20.0%
                                                                                                    100.0%
                                                 KEEP OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                                                                   CAUTION

                                                           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED Indu
IF INHALED Remove
IF IN EYES Flush eyei
                                                                                                                     MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                          Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                                               EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                                                                                 EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
                                                                                                                                                                                          DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                                                                                                                               CONTINUED
                                                                                                                               DeWeed ii for weed
                                                                                                                               ornamental planting*,
                                                                                                                               around-the-far
                                                                                                                               weed* emerge
                                                                                       should be applied before
                                                                                          ling removal of weed
                                                                        broad lest and gran weed* when uted at selec-
                                                                        tive rates in agricultural crop* and ornamental
                                                                        perennial broadleaf and grata weed*.

                                                                        GROUND  APPLICATION:^ Ute conventional
                                                                        fprav equipment with 80^ flat-fan nozzle*.
                                                                        Screens in (pray tyttem thoutd be no finer
                                                                        than 50 mesh. Use a pump with capacity to
                                                                        maintain 35-40 psi at nozzle*. Use hydraulic
                                                                        or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-

                                                                        Aerial application: Ute only  where specified
                                                                                                                               BLUEBE
                                                                                                                               berri«.  t
                                                                                                                               riesl-Qui
                                                                                                                                                                                                 application applying 2% Ibs
                                                                                                                                                                                    old I Northeastern  U.S.
                                                                                                                                                                                    muster
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   vild
                                                                                                                                                                                                              my brc
                                                                        wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
                                                                        been seeded in the spring {before June 1) may
                                                                        be treated in the fall after the latt cutting but

                                                                        of De Weed per acre. For ground application
                                                                        GRASSES  GROWN  FOR  SEED  (fat
                                                                        Northwest  only).  Perennial  tyegrass,
                                                                        fescue and  fine fescues, such as Pennla
                                                                                                                                                                                    ha* been cul.
                                                                                                                               way medians, and should*'*, railroad rights-of

                                                                                                                               farm* such a* around buildings, fuel storage
                                                                                                                               areai.  along  fences,  roadside*,  and lane*.

                                                                                                                               feasible. Use at least  1 gal ot water fo- each 1
                                                                                                                               Ib. of  DeWeed: use more water if practical
                                                                                                                               for  both ground and aerial application. To
                                                                                                                               broadleaf and  grass weeds (including Quack-
                                                                                                                               grass, bluegrass,  redtop.  burdock,  Canada
                                                                                                                               thistle, orchardgrasi, dogfennel, and plantain).
                                                                                                                      NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                         EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE
                                  UNIT  IX
                            ANSWERS TO  TEST


1.    a.   4             f.   7

      b.   1             g.   3

      c.   9             h.   8

      d.   5             i.   6

      e.   2

2.    a.   Air blast sprayer or mist blower

      b.   Granular applicator

      c.   Low pressure  field  sprayer

      d.   Back rubber

      e.   High pressure  field  sprayer

      f.   Dipping vat

3.    Any three of the following:

      a.   Filler pump

      b.   Tank truck

      c.   Nurse or mixing  tank

      d.   Front-end loader

      e.   Tractor

4.    Discussion should  include:

      a.   Saves time

      b.   Saves money

      c.   Provides  more thorough  application

      d.   Applies  pesticides correctly
                                      361

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Equipment
High pressure
field sprayer
Low pressure
field sprayer
Granular
applicator
Advantages
Well-built; long
life; usually has
mechanical agitation;
very versatile
Low cost; light-
weight; versatile;
covers large areas
rapidly
Lightweight; no
water needed;
often used in
fertilizer spreader
or seeder
Disadvantages
Expensive; requires
large amounts of
water, power, and
fuel; heavy tire loads;
drift hazard
Low volume output
limits pesticide
penetration;
agitation is limited
High cost of
pesticide; limited
foliar use; must
calibrate for each
size of granule
8.
Any five  of the following:

a.    Wear protective clothing and  equipment  as  called for on the label

b.    Follow  ALL safety  precautions stated  on the label

c.    Check  equipment  for  leaks

d.    Use all  of the pesticide mix  in the  sprayer

e.    Wash equipment  before storing

f.    Release pressure

g.    Wash  out  tank and flush nozzles with  clean water; dispose of residue
     properly

a.    4             e.   2

b.    1             f.   6

c.    7             g.   5

d.    3

a.    Obtain desired control

b.    Practice good economics

c.    Apply  proper dosage of the pesticide
                                       362

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 9.     Description should include:

       a.    Determine pumping rate

              1)     Fill  spray tank completely  full of water

              2)     Put  vehicle in neutral at the throttle setting (rpm) desired

              3)     Open  the spray valve and pump  for a predetermined time

              4}     Close  valve, shut down the  equipment, and measure the amount
                     of water needed to refill the  tank

              5)     Divide the number of gallons  by time to get pumping rate

       b.    Determine gallons  per acre

              1)     Determine the number of feet  the sprayer moves in one minute
                     at the desired speed  and throttle

              2)     Measure the  width of the sprayer boom

              3)     Determine the pumping rate

              4)     Figure the area that the sprayer covered in one minute (distance
                     traveled x boom width)

              5)     Figure how many minutes it would take to spray one acre (divide
                     43,560 by the  area covered in one  minute)

              6)     Figure the amount of spray pumped per acre (pumping rate x
                     number of minutes per acre)

10.     a.    Low pressure  field sprayer

       b.      1)     3 gallons per minute

              2)     440 feet per  minute

              3)     8800  square feet  per minute

              4)     5 minutes

              5)     15 gallons per  acre
                                      363

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                             DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
                                       UNIT  X
                              TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion of this  unit, the student should  be able to discuss proper methods for
disposing  of  surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. The student  should  be able to
name safety considerations when disposing and storing pesticides and pesticide  containers,
name steps to follow when rinsing pesticide containers, and interpret labels. This knowledge
will  be  evidenced through demonstration and by scoring eighty-five percent on the unit
test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of  this unit, the student should be able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with disposal and storage to the correct definitions.

        2.     Name  the  classifications for disposal  of  empty pesticide containers.

        3.     Name  steps to  follow when  rinsing  pesticide containers.

        4.     Name  methods  for  disposal  of pesticides and  pesticide  containers.

        5.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph the proper method for disposing of surplus
              pesticides.

        6.     Name  safety  considerations when disposing of  pesticides  and  pesticide
              containers.

        7.     Name  requirements  of a storage  area.

        8.     Discuss in  a short paragraph factors to consider in selecting a storage area.

        9.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph  procedures for handling damaged containers
              in the storage area.

       10.     Name  factors to consider when arranging pesticide containers within  the
              storage area.

       11.     Name  the  reason for  storing herbicides separately.

       12.     Interpret labels  correctly by  answering questions related to disposal  and
              storage.
                                         365

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                       DISPOSAL  AND STORAGE
                                 UNIT X
                        SUGGESTED  ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student  with objective sheet.

    B.   Provide  student  with information and  assignment sheets.

    C.   Discuss  terminal and specific  objectives.

    D.   Make transparencies.

    E.   Discuss  information  and assignment sheets.

    F.   Take  field  trip to see a good storage area. Inspect  the school's pesticide
         storage  area. What  improvements could be made?

    G.   Secure resource  person to come  to class and talk about qualifications of
         disposal of  pesticides and/or  pesticide  containers at local landfill.

    H.   Ask  a local  firechief  to  talk to class  about pesticide fire hazards  and
         precautions.

    I.    Ask students to plan a good storage area or critique pictures of other storage
         areas.

    J.    Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read objective sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment sheet.

    D.   Go on field  trip to see a storage area.

    E.   Take  test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information  sheet
                                   367

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 III.   Transparency  masters



      A.   TM 1--Container  Classification



      B.   TM 2~Rinsing Drums



      C.   TM 3--Disposal of Containers



      D.   TM 4-Storage Area



 IV.   Assignment  Sheet #1-Interpret Labels



  V.   Answers to  assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers to  test
                                    368

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                       DISPOSAL  AND  STORAGE
                                UNIT X
                        INFORMATION  SHEET
I.   Terms and  definitions

    A.   Disposal-Act or  process  of correctly discarding pesticides and  pesticide
        containers; can include recycling, deposit-return, reuse, or burning

    B.   Downwind-Side towards  which the prevailing wind  is blowing

    C.   Encapsulation-Method of disposal of pesticides and  pesticide containers by
        sealing them in sturdy, waterproof, chemical-proof container which is then
        sealed  in  thick plastic, steel,  or concrete  to resist damage or breakage

        (NOTE: The whole package is then usually buried  in an area  where water
        could  not be contaminated even if leakage occurs.)

    D.   Herbicide-Pesticide that is  used  to control  unwanted  plants

    E.   Incinerator-Special high-heat  furnace or burner which  reduces everything
        to nontoxic  ash  and gas

    F.   Soil  injection-Method of disposal of pesticides by putting them within the
        plow layer of soil by usual tillage practices

    G.   Monitoring system-Regular system of keeping track of and  checking up
        on whether or not  pesticides  are  escaping into  the  environment

    H.   Original container-Package (bag, can, or bottle) in which a  pesticide is sold

        (NOTE: The package must have  a  label  telling what  the pesticide is, how
        to use it  correctly and  safely, and how to safely dispose of the empty
        container.)

    I.   Pollute-To make  unclean or  unsafe

    J.   Diluent-Liquid,  such as water, kerosene, alcohol, or dust, which "waters
        down" or weakens a  concentrated  pesticide

    K.   Contaminate-Pollute  or  make unfit for use

    L.   Sensitive-Easily  injured
                                  369

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


 II.  Classifications  for disposal  of empty pesticide containers  (Transparency  1)

     A.   Burnable  containers

          (NOTE: Small quantities, usually the amount emptied  in one day, of paper
          and cardboard pesticide containers may be burned if local laws allow burning
          in your area.)

          (CAUTION:  Before burning check  local, state, and  federal regulations.)

     B.   Nonburnable containers

          (NOTE: These are usually  metal, glass, or plastic containers.)

     C.   Containers with  mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic  pesticides

          (NOTE: These containers may be cardboard, paper, metal, plastic, or glass
          and should  be handled  differently  from other pesticide containers. .They
          are special because the  type  of pesticide they contain is very  persistent
          in and hazardous to the environment.)

III.  Rinsing pesticide  containers (Transparency  2)

     A.   Empty the  container  into the tank and let it drain  30 seconds

     B.   Fill it one-fifth to one-fourth full  of  water or other diluent

          (NOTE: Sometimes diluents such as  Kerosene and  other petroleum solvents
          are used  in  the tank mix. Rinse the container and measuring cup with the
          diluent used in  the tank mix.)

     C.   Replace cap and  rotate  container to  rinse all  sides

     D.   Drain rinse  from  container into tank  and  let drain  for 30 seconds

     E.   Repeat rinse and drain  a total of three (3)  times

IV.  Methods for disposal  of pesticides and  pesticide containers  (Transparency  3)

     A.   Open  burning

          (NOTE: Check local  regulations.  In some areas burnable containers may
          be burned on the farm  in small  quantities, usually  the amount emptied
          in one day.  Never burn containers which held 2,4-D type herbicides because
          the smoke could  injure  sensitive  plants.)

     B.   Burial

          (NOTE:   Many   landfills will accept  triple-rinsed  pesticide  containers,
          especially  if broken, crushed, or cut  apart. Otherwise, the burial site should
          be selected  in  an area where water will not  be contaminated and where
          public health and the environment will not  be harmed. Do  not  bury
          pesticides  and  unrinsed  pesticide containers that contain mercury,  lead,
          cadmium,  arsenic, or inorganic pesticides unless they are encapsulated. Some
          landfills will take these  containers  if  they have  been triple rinsed.)
                                   370

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
     C.   Recycling

          (NOTE: Some nonburnable containers, such as plastic and steel drums, may
          be returned to the manufacturer for  reuse.)

     D.   Incineration in a special pesticide-approved incinerator

          (NOTE:  Some  pesticides and pesticide containers may be made harmless
          using  this method.  However, this method may not be used for pesticides
          or pesticide containers with mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic
          pesticides.)

     E.   Chemical degradation

          (NOTE: Sometimes pesticides can be chemically broken down into nontoxic
          materials. These  methods  are specific for each chemical  and cannot be
          described  here.  Check  with  the  manufacturer  or local  Environmental
          Protection  Agency  officials for  specific  methods.)

     F.   Soil injection

          (NOTE:  Use soil injection  methods only when recommended by state or
          federal regulatory officials.)

     G.   Encapsulation

          (NOTE: This is usually the only method of disposal of pesticides or unrinsed
          containers  with  mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides.)

 V.  Disposing of surplus pesticides

     A.   Try to find other areas with the same problem and use up any extra tank
          mix, if you mix too much pesticide  for a job

     B.   Return unused pesticides to manufacturer

          (NOTE: Check with the company and see if it will take the pesticide back.
          If, for some reason, it will not take  the pesticide back, return the pesticide
          to  your   storage area  or  dispose  of  it  safely by  incineration  or by
          encapsulation  and burial.)

     C.   Use one  of the other disposal methods listed after consulting  an  expert

VI.  Safety considerations  when disposing of pesticides and pesticide  containers

     A.   Location  of sensitive areas,  especially streams, ponds,  and  other  water
          supplies

     B.   Personal  safety

     C.   Environmental safety
                                    371

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                            INFORMATION SHEET

 VII.   Requirements  of  storage area (Transparency 4}
       A.  Child-proof
       B.  Cool, dry, well-ventilated  room  or  building
       C.  Fire-resistant
       D.  Fenced in or at least able to be locked
       E.  Warning signs posted on doors and  windows
           (NOTE: Warning signs  should read:  Danger!  Pesticides!  Keep Out!)
       F.  Supplied  with  detergent, hand cleaner, and water
       G.  Supplied  with  absorbent materials,  such as sand, sawdust, and  paper
           (NOTE: These  materials can  be used  to  soak  up spills.)
       H.  Supplied  with  shovel, broom, dust  pan, and fire extinguisher
VIM.   Selecting the storage area
       A.  Where water supply will not  be  contaminated even  if there is an accident
           or  fire
       B.  Free  from flooding
       C.  Downwind and downhill from sensitive area
       D.  No problem with  runoff or  drainage
  IX.   Handling damaged containers in storage  area
       A.  Check containers  often  for leaks, corrosion,  and loose caps
           (NOTE: Clean  up  any  leaks  right away.)
       B.  Store pesticides in original containers
           (NOTE: This statement holds true unless the original container breaks, leaks,
           or  corrodes.)
       C.  Label any substitute containers  with the entire label
           (NOTE: Unlabeled  pesticides are  worthless since you don't know what they
           are or how to use  them. They should  be treated as surplus pesticides and
           held  for  disposal.)
       D.  Keep partly  empty pesticide  containers tightly  closed
       E.  Wear protective clothing and equipment
                                     372

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                       -    INFORMATION SHEET


 X.  Arranging  pesticide  containers within storage area

     A.   Separate similar containers to avoid the chance  of a mistake

     B.   Store containers  with label  in  plain sight

     C.   Store on  shelves off the floor

     D.   Keep containers  in  upright  position to prevent spills

     E.   Place containers  in  orderly  rows

XI.  Reason for storing  herbicides separately-Some  herbicides,  such  as 2,4-D,  can
     vaporize (become a gas)  and get into other pesticides  nearby

     (NOTE:  Your  storage area needs to be divided with a special area for storing
     herbicides. All  highly toxic pesticides should be  stored together.)
                                    373

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                       Container  Classification
en
           Burnable
Nonburnable
Mercury, Lead, Arsenic
  Cadmium and
  Inorganic Pesticides

-------
                          Rinsing Drums
             Rinse and Drain - Three Separate Times
CO
•vj
-vl
         Fill 50 Gallon
          Drum 14 Full
 Rotate With
Lip on Ground
Drain Into Spray Tank

-------
                        Disposal of Containers
GJ
•vj
CO
                  Recycling
                        Burn
Break, Crush, or Cut Apart
      Then Bury
                                                                           CO

-------
                           Storage Area
00
                                                  DANGER!
                                                  Pesticides
                                                  Keep Out

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                            DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                     UNIT X
                 ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET  LABELS
The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels. Read each  of the labels on the following pages and
answer the questions  below pertaining to the specific label. When completed  return to
instructor for evaluation.

   1.     2,4-D label

         a.    This granular pesticide is sold in a 50 Ib paper bag. How would you dispose
              of  it?
         b.   What special storage and transportation precautions would you  take?



   2.     De  Metho label

         a.   What classification is this  plastic  bottle container?



         b.   How do you dispose of this container?



         c.   How should you  store this  container?
         d.   If you mixed  too  much spray  for  your alfalfa  field  (4  pints/acre  rate),
              name two other crops on which  you could use the extra spray. This would
              have to apply only  if they  had not recently been sprayed and had an insect
              infestation.
   3.     No-Disease label

         a.   How would  you store this pesticide?



         b. ~  What special storage precautions must you take?
                                        383

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        c.    What  classification  is this  paper bag container?



        d.    How would  you dispose of this  container?



4.      Anti-Weed

        a.    How would  you store  this  pesticide?



        b.    What  classification  is this  paper bag container?



        c.    How would  you dispose of this  container?


1.      A portion  of  a 2,4-D  label
       ACTIVE  INGREDIENT:
             Isooctyl  ester  of  2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid*	30.15%
       INERT INGREDIENT	69.85%


                          'Equivalent to 20% 2,4-dicrilorophenoxyacetic acid.
                  U. S. Pat. No*. 2.390.941     2.396.513     2.453.983    2.472.347


                  CAUTION:   Keep Out of Reach  of Children

       CAUTION: Harmful if swallowed. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Do not take
       internally. In case of contact, flush eyes with plenty of water; wash skin with soap and water.
       Avoid inhalation.

       Avoid possible drift to susceptible plants as this product may injure cotton, tobacco, blackeyed
       peas, beans, tomatoes, melons, other vegetables, grapes, fruit trees, and some ornamentals. It is
       difficult to completely remove traces of  2,4-D from equipment, therefore do not use such
       equipment for purposes where even trace  amounts of this chemical  may cause injury to
       susceptible crops. Do not reuse shipping containers. Destroy by burying. Avoid  contamination
       of water intended for irrigation and domestic use. Do not transport with or store near seeds,
       fertilizers, insecticides, or fungicides. Vapors from this product may injure susceptible plants in
       the vicinity.
                                             384

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       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
Poisonous  by swallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe spray mist. Do not gat In
eyes. Avoid contact with ikln. Use only
when wearing tha following protective
equipment and  clothing. Wear  tightly-
woven cotton overai'i, waterproof hat,
unlined neoprene gloves and boots. Wear
safety goggiai and/or face shield. Weer a
mask or respirator jointly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement end   Safety
Administration  and  by  the National
Initituta  for Occupational Safety end
Health.  Before  removing gloves, wash
them with detergent end weter. Alweys
wasn hands, face end arm* with deter-
gent end weter  before imoking, eating
or drinking. For emergency assistance,
call 000 000 0000.
TO PHYSICIAN. De Met ho ii • reversible
cholinattarese  inhibitor. Do not  UM
Ontmat such at 2-PAM. Give Atrppina 2
mg. intravenously of tubcutaneoutly. If
in eye, instill one drop of Homatropine.
Close supervision of the patient  is indi-
cated for at least 48 hour*.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pettlcida  is to*.c  to wildlife and
fish. Use  with  care whan applying In
ereet frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out Of lekes.
ttreemt  or ponds. Oo not apply where
runoff it likely  to occur. Do not apply
when weather  conditions favor drift
from  target area. Do not contaminate
weter by cleaning of equipment  or dit-
potal of wastes.

   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
          HAZARDS
flammable! Keep  ewey from heat and
Open flame.
   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAOE-Do not contaminate watar,
food, or lead by atorag* or dlipotal.
Opan dumping it or Ohio 1 1 ad. DISCOS-
AL-f*anlclda, tpray mUtura, or rintat*
that cannot ba uaad or chamkally rapro-
caatad ariouM M dltpoaad of In a landfill
aoprovad for pattlcWat or buriad In a
•afa placa away  from  watar auppli**,
Containart ihould b« tripta rintad and
offarad for racycllng, racondltioninf. or
dltpotad In approved tandf ill or burlad In
• taf a placa,
Conault  Fadaral, St*ta «r local Dlapoaal
awthor Ittaa f«r apprtnMd •Itarnal* procav
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
 II il • violation ol Fadaral law to UM ttila
 product in • manner inconiiitant with its
 MMIing.

    RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
        (IF APPLICABLE)
 Do not enter area within
 24 hours after application.

  CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
        (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                         RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                            FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                          CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                           DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                              INSECTICIDE
                                                                    Emulsifiable  Concentrate
                                                                                 ^   '*\  v  "•*    ^
                                                          ACTIVE INGREDIirlf?/ METHcVyL 4
                                                          INERT INGRJSdVEI^TS:          %
                                                          TOTAL:     ^         '  .         ''. .
                                                                  Net Content:  50 gallons
                                                                      (tpNTMfl^il.S LBS OF OE METHO PER GALLON
                                                              lj>Ay«EGi&T«ffi?b TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION

                                                    kEEf>\&t  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN  |
                                                                                       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

                                                                                           CONTINUED

                                                                                       SPRAY PREPARATION

                                                                                 FW -prey lank H to ft full of Mter. Add Da
                                                                                 Mctne dktttlv to spray tank and mil thor-
                                                                                 oughly, using mechentcat or hydraulic means;
                                                                                 do not usa air agitation.

                                                                                          APPLICATION
2
                                                                                 tint appear Unless otharwiM noted, continue
                                                                                 applications at ft- to  7-day inter*** or •
                                                                                 needed. UN sufficient watar (tit gats per
                                                                                 •era by ««rl to obtain thorough, uniform cov-
                                                                                 eraga.  Apply  the low  rate* on small plants,
                                                                                 •nail worms and light infestations ol insects.
                                                                                 UM intermediate riles on  larger worms and
                                                                                 heavier infestations of Insects. UM 1 to 3 ap-
                                                                                 plications of  the highest recommended rau
                                                                                 for fiontrollrttfl severe infestations. Thereafter,
                                                                                 VM iha lowest rate possible to mamuin eor>
                                                                                 vol.

                                                                                        NOTICE TO BUYER
                                                                                 the enemlcal description on the label thereof
                                                                                 and it maaoMttv fit for purpoe* stand on
                                                                                 such label only when uttd in accordance with
                                                                                 directions under  normal UM conditions. This
                                                                                 warranty do« not otend to UM of iha) prod-
                                                                                 uct contrary to label UM directions, or undar
                                                                                 abnormal UM conditions, or under conditions
                                                                                 not reasonably foreseeable to Miter; buyer as-
                                                                                 sume, all risk of any such use. Seller makes no
                                                                                 other warranties, express or implied.

                                                                                 PurchMe of this material does not confer any
                                                                                 rights under patents of countries outside of
                                                                                 the United lutes.

                                                                                           CROP USAGE
DANGER   -  POISON
                                                                STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                     IF INHALED •  Remove to fresh air.  Call a physician immediately.
                                                     IF IN EVES •  Flush evel with plenty ol  water  tor at least IS minut<
                                                        physician immediately.
                                                     IF ON SKIN • In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
                                                        wash skin with soap and water.

                                                                   SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                     PRECAUTIONARY  STATEMENTS
                                                                        MFC BY  A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                     PEST TOWN. VERMONT
                                                               ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                               EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

                                                                                                                                                             IAST .VniCATIOft DAVS
                                                                                                                                                                     1 I«IM)

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CO
                                          DIRECTIONS
00
o>
                     No-Disease  Benomyl  Fungicide  should be  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 onty). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate tor large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled (pray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous agitation is required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic  copper sul
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1; Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment or  equivalent  amount  of No-Dims* per  acre with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples). Powdery MEkMw. Sooty Blotch. Flyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per  100
 gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apptes.
 adverse  effects on fruit finish and color may  result:  if finish and color are of
 primary  importance, do not use more than 4 oz. per 100 gats.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots  (Botrytis sp.. Penkillium sp., Gkwosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals,  1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet  harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Stab (Apptes)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest  but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Scterotinia), Gray Mold (Botryti>)-Apply l'? to 2
 ibv per acre at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak  bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do  not graze or feed treated bean  vines or hay to livestock.
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS.  MELONS.  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight Powdery Mildew, Anthracnose
 —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1*.  Ibs
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting  of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14-day inter-
 vals through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnose—Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications at
 first appearance of panicles (approx. 2" tong). and repeat  at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set, Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verucitlium Soot (Dry Bubbte)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to  bed surface at the rate of 12W gals, per 1000  sq. ft. Apply immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot—Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to  21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl 1 (butylcar&amoyl)
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecariumate]	
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS	
                                                                                           u.j. Nt.. J.MI.JII i i.iii.iji    EPA Est. 13S2-WV-1
                                               	'50%
                                                     	50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT-Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
lo certain chemical changes which wit) reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container;  crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning ot equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  5O  LBS.
                                                                                           B21150  8-73*                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                     Chemical City, West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab, Brown Leafspot, Downy Spot, Powdery WUm  Apply
Vi to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at preootlination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThWavlopsIs paradoxa)-U» 1" H». per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse soedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES. PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply ISO to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate tprayen. Do not graze livestock in treated orchordi.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot—Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use V»
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of Vi Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall; Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after nor-
vest; use K Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by  Rhl-
zopus spp. and Altemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery MlUew, Leaf Scotch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using Vi Ib. per acre. Anthracnose—Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin op-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocysths parado»)-Apply
to cut seedpteces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold 0*p-Use8oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting: remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES (Powdery Mildew.  Black Spot);  FLOWERS. ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew. Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-
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 4.
 ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
                                    206
FOR WEED CONTROL

IN CORN
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
  Total:
                          100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                   KILL-DEAD
                   Chemical Company
                    Chemical City, West Virginia
                      387

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                                           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
dition* Ol Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Condition! Ot Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-bead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
In writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

 Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using Anti-Weed where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use  broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules  evenly.

Band Treatment
Use  applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the'amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                               Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches	x Recommended  	  Ami-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate —  for Band
                                               Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and  the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Us»

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass             Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

  Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed   Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
Soil
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
Rate per acre of Anti-Weed
Broadcast
15lbs.
22.5-
30lbs.
 •For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          388

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                          DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                   UNIT X
                     ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET


1.     2,4-D  label

       a.   Burying-Burning  bags containing even small amounts of 2,4-D could cause
           phytotoxicity from  smoke which is  carrying the 2,4-D vapor

       b.   Do not transport or store near seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, or fungicides.
           Vapors from this product may injure susceptible plants in the vicinity. Do
           not store near or with  food  stuffs

2.     Deetho label

       a.   Nonburnable

       b.   Triple rinse,  crush, and bury in a safe place or in a  local  landfill, if legal

       c.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       d.   Cauliflower,  brussels sprouts,  cabbage,  celery,  cucumber,  head lettuce,
           melons, peanuts,  potatoes, summer squash,  or  tomato

3.     No-Disease  label

       a.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       b.   Do not allow this  pesticide to become  wet  during  storage

       c.   Nonburnable

       d.   Crush and bury

4.     Anti-Weed  label

       a.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       b.   Burnable

       c.   Burn
                                            389

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                          DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                   UNIT  X
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms on  the  right to the correct definitions on the  left. Place the
      appropriate numbers in the blanks provided.

      	a.  Easily injured
            _b.  Act or  process  of  correctly discarding
                pesticides  and pesticide containers; can
                include  recycling, deposit-return, reuse,
                or  burning

            c.  Pollute  or  make  unfit for use
            _d.  Side towards which the prevailing wind
                is blowing

            _e.  Liquid, such as water, kerosene, alcohol,
                or   dust,  which  "waters  down"   or
                weakens a concentrated  pesticide

            _f.  Method  of  disposal of  pesticides and
                pesticide containers by sealing them  in
                sturdy,   waterproof,    chemical-proof
                container which is then sealed in thick
                plastic,  steel,  or  concrete  to  resist
                damage  or  breakage

            _g.  To make unclean  or  unsafe

            _h.  Pesticide  that  is   used   to   control
                unwanted  plants

            _i.  Package (bag, can,  or  bottle) in which
                a pesticide  is sold

            j.  Special  high-heat   furnace  or   burner
                which reduces everything  to nontoxic
                ash  and gas

            _k.  Regular  system of keeping track of and
                checking up on whether or not pesticides
                are  escaping  into the  environment

            J.  Method  of   disposal  of  pesticides  by
                putting  them  within the plow layer  of
                soil  by  usual  tillage practices
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Soil
injection
Monitoring
system
Original
container
Pollute
Diluent
Contaminate
Sensitive
Disposal
Downwind
Encapsulation
Herbicide
Incinerator
                                      391

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2.     Name the classifications  for disposal  of empty pesticide  containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
3.     Name steps  to follow  when  rinsing pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
4.     Name three methods for disposal of pesticides and  pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
5.     Discuss in a short paragraph the proper method for disposing of surplus pesticides.
6.     Name safety considerations when disposing of pesticides and pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
7.     Name five requirements of a  storage area.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
                                      392

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 8.     Discuss in a short paragraph factors  to consider in  selecting  a storage  area.
 9.     Discuss in  a short paragraph procedures for handling damaged containers in the
       storage area.
10.      Name factors to consider when arranging pesticide containers within the storage
        area.

        a.

        b.

        c.

        d.

        e.

11.      Name the reason for storing  herbicides separately.


12.      Interpret the following De-Weed label  by answering the  questions below.

        a.   What classification is  this cardboard  carton  container?


        b.    How would  you dispose of this container?


        c.    If you mixed too much pesticide for your blueberries (5 Ibs per acre rate),
            on what other  crop could you  use it?


        d.    How should you store this pesticide?
                                       393

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CO
S
                                              PRECAUTIONARY

                                                STATEMENTS

                                            HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                  (CAUTION)

                                       Harmful if •wallowed. Avoid application
                                       directly to human*. Car* should be t a It en
                                       to avoid inhalation of dutt or spray mist,
                                       or prolonged  contact with skin. In case
                                       of contact,  immediately  flush  eyes or
                                       skin with large amount!  of water. Get
                                       medical  attention if irritation  persists.
                                       Wear safety goggles or  face shield when
                                       handling.

                                         ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                       Keep out of lake*, streams, or ponds. Do
                                       not apply when weather conditions favor
                                       drift from target area.
                                            DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                         GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
It is a violation
product in a m
labeling.
                                                    of Federal law to use this
                                                    nner inconsistent with its
                                          STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                                       Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                                       by storage or disposal. Open dumping is
                                       prohibited. Pesticide,  spray  mixture, or
                                       rinsate that cannot'be used or chemically
                                       reprocessed should  be disposed of in a
                                       landfill approved tor pesticide* or buried
                                       in a safe place away from water supplies.
                                       Containers should be  disposed of in an
                                       incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                                       cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
                                       Consult Federal. State, or local disposal
                                       authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                       dures such as limited open burning.
                                                                    LADE
                                                                                 HERBICIDE
                                                                           WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                TOTAL:
                                                                                                                                        tri-azoic acid
KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                    CAUTION

           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                              IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
                                                              IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
                                                              IF IN EYES Flush eyes with plenty of w«ter
                                                                                                                MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                      Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                                         EPA  ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                                                                           EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

OeWeed is for weed control In certain crops,
ornamental plantings,  on  Industrial sites, and
around-the-farm.  It should b* applied before
weedt emerge or following removal of weed
growth, it control! t  wide variety of ennuel
broedleaf end grass weeds when ueed et selec-
tive rate* In agricultural crops and ornamental
plantings.  When used  at higher, non-selecttve

perennial broadleaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
spray  equipment  with 80° flat-fen nozzles.
Screens In spray system  should be no finer
then SO mesh. Use a  pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40 psi at noizles. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing end ap-
plication to maintain a uniform suspension.
Aerial application: Use only where specified
in the use directions.

BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERRlES (black-
berries, boysenberrles, loganberries, raspber-
ries)—Quack grass. Apply S Ibi per acre in the
fall or split the application applying 2K Ibs
per acre in the fait plus 2VI Ibs per acre in the
spring, when quockgrass  is flrowing. Do not


ALFALFA-Pure  alfalfa  less than one year
Old (Northeastern U.S.  only)-Henbit,  witd
mustard, chick weed, alyssum, downy brome,
wild oats, end pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before  June 1( may
be treated in the fall after th* last cutting but
before frozen ground conditions. Apply 1 Ib,
of De Weed per acre.  For ground application
apply in a minimum of 2M flals. of water per
acre.

GRASSES  GROWN  FOR  SEED  (Pacific
Northwest   only).  Perennial  ryegrass,  tall
fescue and fine fescues,  such as Pennlawn,
Chewings, Ranier, and related species. Control
of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses includ-
ing annual ryegrats, rattail fescue, silver hair-
grass and downy brome. Apply 2H Ibs of
OeWeed in a minimum of  15 gals of water
per acre as soon as fall rains start. Apply only
to grasses from which at lectt one seed crop
has been cut.

WEED CONTROL on industrial sites, high.
way medians, and shoulders, railroad rights-ot
way, lumber yards, and in non-crop areas on
farms such as around buildings,  fuel storage
areas, along  fences,  roadsides,  end  lanes.
Aerial application may be rnede where it Is
feasible. Use at least 1 gal of water for each 1
Ib.  of DeWeed:  use more water if practical
for both  ground  end aerial  application. To
control annual broadleaf end grass weeds (in-
cluding  bamyerd  grass,  cheat,  erebgran,
lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
and mullein), apply 6-12H Ibs. per acre. To
control most  annual  end many  perennial
broedleaf  end grass weeds (including quack-
grass,  bluegrats,   redtop,  burdock,  Canada
thistle, orchardgress, dotfennel, end plantain),
apply 12K-25 Ibs. per acre. To control hard-
to-kill perennial weeds (including bull thistle
and sow thistle), apply 25-80 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                                                                 NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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7
8
6
9
e.
f.
g.
h.
5
10
4
11
i.
j-
k.
I.
3
12
2
1
                          DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                   UNIT X
                             ANSWERS TO TEST


1.    a.

      b.

      c.

      d.

2.    a.   Burnable containers

      b.   Nonburnable containers

      c.   Containers with mercury,  lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic  pesticides

3.    a.   Empty the  container into the tank  and let  it drain 30 seconds

      b.   Fill it one-fifth to one-fourth full of  water  or other diluent

      c.   Replace cap and rotate  container to rinse all  sides

      d.   Drain rinse  from container into tank  and  let  drain for 30  seconds

      e.   Repeat rinse and drain  a  total of three (3)  times

4.    Any three of the following:

      a.   Open burning

      b.   Burial

      c.   Recycling

      d.   Incineration in a special pesticide-approved  incinerator

      e.   Chemical  degradation

      f.   Soil  injection

      g.   Encapsulation

5.    Discussion should include:

      a.   Try to find other areas  with  the same  problem and use up any extra tank
           mix, if  you mix too much  pesticide for a  job

      b.   Return unused pesticides to  manufacturer

      c.   Use  one  of the other disposal  methods  listed  after consulting  an expert
                                      395

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 6.    a.    Location of  sensitive  areas, especially streams, ponds,  and other water
             supplies
       b.    Personal safety
       c.    Environmental safety
 7.    Any  five of  the following:
       a.    Child-proof
       b.    Cool,  dry,  well-ventilated room or  building
       c.    Fire-resistant
       d.    Fenced  in  or at  least  able  to be locked
       e.    Warning signs posted on  doors and windows
       f.    Supplied with detergent,  hand cleaner, and water
       g.    Supplied with absorbent  materials,  such  as sand, sawdust,  and paper
       h.    Supplied with shovel,  broom,  dust  pan,  and fire extinguisher
 8.    Discussion  should include:
       a.    Where water  supply will not be contaminated  even  if there is an accident
             or  fire
       b.    Free  from  flooding
       c.    Downwind  and downhill  from sensitive area
       d.    No problem  with runoff  or drainage
 9.    Discussion  should include:
       a.    Check containers often for leaks, corrosion, and loose caps
       b.    Store  pesticides  in  original  containers
       c.    Label  any  substitute containers with  the  entire label
       d.    Keep  partly  empty  pesticide  containers tightly closed
       e.    Wear protective  clothing  and equipment
10.    a.    Separate similar containers  to avoid the  chance of  a  mistake
       b.    Store  containers  with  label in plain sight
       c.    Store  on shelves  off the  floor
       d.    Keep  containers  in  upright position to  prevent spills
       e.    Place  containers  in  orderly rows
                                       396

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11.    Some herbicides, such as 2,4-D, can vaporize (become a gas) and get  into the
       other pesticides nearby

12.    a.   Burnable

       b.   Open burning if allowed by  federal,  state, and local laws. Otherwise, bury
            in  an approved landfill or in  a safe place away from  water supplies or in
            an incinerator

       c.   Caneberries

       d.   In original container in a  dry, locked pesticide storage area where water,
            food, and  feed  will not  be  contaminated
                                       397

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                       RECORD  KEEPING  AND  LIABILITY
                                     UNIT  XI
                             TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should be able to list reasons for keeping records
of pesticide use, complete standard record keeping form, name common claims brought
against applicators,  and describe things to do  when involved in  a legal  problem. This
knowledge  will  be evidenced through demonstration and  by scoring eighty-five  percent
on the unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

After completion of this unit,  the  student should  be able  to:

        1.     List reasons  for  keeping  records of pesticide use.

        2.     List items of information needed for record keeping.

        3.     Name common  claims brought  against applicators.

        4.     List ways  in which cross  contamination  may occur.

        5.     Describe things  to do when involved  in  a  legal  problem.

        6.     Discuss insurance for pesticide  mishaps.

        7.     Complete a standard record keeping  form.
                                       399

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                    RECORD KEEPING  AND LIABILITY
                                  UNIT  XI
                         SUGGESTED  ACTIVITIES
  I.   Instructor:
      A.  Provide student with objective sheet.
      B.  Provide student with information  and assignment sheets.
      C.  Make transparency.
      D.  Discuss terminal  and specific  objectives.
      E.  Discuss information  and assignment sheets.
      F.  Assign students a pesticide. Ask them to decide when the weather conditions
          would allow a "safe"  job  and fill in a record keeping form accordingly.
      G.  Hold a mock trial with students acting as defendent, lawyers, accuser, jury,
          etc.
      H.  Give  test.
  II.   Student:
      A.  Read objective sheet.
      B.  Study information sheet.
      C.  Complete assignment sheet.
      D.  Take test.

                       INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIALS

  I.   Objective sheet
  II.   Information  sheet
 III.   Transparency master:  TM 1--Spray Record Sheet
 IV.   Assignment Sheet #1--Complete  Standard  Record  Keeping  Form
  V.   Answers to assignment sheet
 VI.   Test
VII.   Answers to test
                                    401

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                  RECORD  KEEPING  AND  LIABILITY
                                UNIT  XI
                         INFORMATION  SHEET


 I.  Reasons for keeping records of pesticide  use

    A.   Help  in  finding an error if an  error is made

    B.   Provide information to trace  residue and/or damage  problems

    C.   Help  save  money

    D.   Allow one to  compare the results obtained from different pesticides

    E.   Help  to  reduce pesticide misuse

    F.   Provide guide  to buying  specific  amount of pesticide needed

    G.   Establish  proof of proper use in  damage suit

II.  Items of information needed  for record keeping (Transparency  1)

    A.   Date  and time of  application

    B.   Area  or  target  treated  and pest

    C.   Equipment used

    D.   Name of product, formulation, lot number, establishment number, and rate

    E.   Total  formulation  added  to tank  or hopper

    F.   Amount of mixture used

    G.   Amount treated and location

    H.   Additional comments

         (NOTE:  The  more information included  on the record, the more  useful
         the record will be.  Carry a notebook in the field to have all the information
         right  there in  front of you.  Fill  in  a standard form to be sure you get
         all  the necessary data  every time.)
                                  403

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


III.  Common  claims brought against  applicators

     (NOTE:  In many instances  you  will  be both  the  grower and the applicator.
     However,  the applicator may be a hired  person or  a neighbor with whom you
     trade services.)

     A.   Drift

          (NOTE:   Drifting  pesticides  are  a   major   cause  of  environmental
          contamination and damage to nontarget areas.  In general, the courts have
          held  the applicator and the  grower who  hired him jointly liable in drift
          cases.  The grower is   responsible  when  he   hires or  contracts  for  a
          "particularly dangerous  operation,"  such  as the application of pesticides.
          However, the grower may file another suit against the applicator claiming
          that  the applicator agreed not to cause drift  damage. The manufacturer
          of the pesticide  may be held  liable in  drift cases in  certain  instances.  If
          the label doesn't clearly  warn  about the possibility of drift, the manufacturer
          may  share liability.)

     B.   Crop  injury

          (NOTE:  Claims  of injury to  the  crop that was treated or claims that the
          pesticide   had   not  performed  as  expected   involve  the  dealer,  the
          manufacturer, and the  applicator.  The  courts  must  decide which of the
          three  recommended or guaranteed the product  for that specific use on that
          crop.   The  party  in error  must accept  the  blame  and  pay damages.
          Applicators must make sure that all the pesticides they use are recommended
          on the label for  that purpose. Then the  blame  may be the manufacturer's.
          If the crop injury was not great or total, the grower must show how much
          damage was from the pesticide and how much was from other conditions,
          such as weather or disease. This  breakdown is  not necessary in cases with
          great  or total injury.)

     C.   Personal  injury

          (NOTE:  The application of pesticides is considered an especially dangerous
          or, in legal terms, an "ultrahazardous"  activity. As  a  result, the  pesticide
          applicator  is liable for any injury to a person  from the pesticide. Usually
          the injured person can  recover damages  without proving negligence of the
          applicator. The  injured party  must only  prove  that  he is  free of any
          negligence and did not  assume the risk of pesticide exposure. Pest control
          operators or exterminators are sometimes a special  case. The liability  in
          most  cases involving personal  injury  or  death  depends on  proving the
          applicator  negligent.)

     D.   Wrong field

          (NOTE:  If the  pesticide is  applied on  a  field, crop, or area other than
          the one for which it was intended, serious  problems can result. In the event
          that  damage or overtolerance occurs or that  the owner just didn't want
          the area treated,  the applicator may be charged with trespass. Defense  is
          very  difficult. Double check on address, field  location, and all landmarks
          before you or your hired person treat an  area. Applying pesticides to the
          wrong field can  be costly.)
                                   404

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET
     E.   Bees

          (NOTE: Honeybees are very important  to  the grower and  often  he has
          his  own colonies or hives.  Unfortunately,  bees are insects  and are very
          susceptible to  many pesticides. If the bees  in hives are killed as the result
          of drift from nearby fields, the applicator is  usually held legally responsible.
          Often he must pay damages. However, if the bees contacted  the pesticides
          while in the sprayed fields, the applicator  may not be liable.  The courts
          have sometimes ruled  that the  bee  is trespassing and that the land doesn't
          need to be safe to  uninvited animals. Play it safe! Know where the beehives
          are  located in  your area.  Protect your hives and your neighbor's hives by
          relocating  or covering  them  before  you spray.)

     F.   Attractive  nuisance

          (NOTE: The rulings on  "attractive  nuisance"  usually involve  cases when
          children are  attracted to ground equipment or aircraft and injure  themselves.
          The owner and/or applicator are held liable for leaving the "nuisance" where
          a child could be  "attracted" to it. In one case, a young boy, seeing a small
          airplane parked in  the  corner of an  airport, took his ax and chopped the
          plane into several pieces.  Unfortunately, at  one point  the  hatchet hit the
          plane, then  slipped and  cut  his foot.  The court  under the  "attractive
          nuisance"  claim  awarded  the boy $5,000 from the airplane's  owner.)

     G.   Noise

          (NOTE: Claims  have been brought  against  applicators for noise damage.
          Owners  of  mink, poultry, turkey, and occasionally  cattle  claim injury to
          their animals from  fright caused by noise of  aircraft and ground equipment
          operating above or near their ranch. They must prove direct loss of property
          due to noise from machinery  operated carelessly or negligently. In some
          cases, the ranch owner  will claim that an applicator made an unlawful flight
          over his property  without his  permission. This is especially important in
          aerial applications  when  pullups  over  nearby  property are  necessary.
          Successful  defense  is possible when the applicator can  show that the noise
          wasn't the  cause of  injury  or  that  no injury  occurred.)

IV.   Ways in  which cross contamination  may  occur

     (NOTE:  Every  year there  are cases where a pesticide contains  not only the
     pesticide named  on the label  but also another  pesticide as  well.)

     A.   Manufacturer may  make a mistake  in labeling  or formulating the product

     B.   Applicator  may  make  a mistake in mixing  or filling in the spray tank or
          he  may not have removed from the tank all the pesticide left  over from
          the  last application
                                    405

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
    C.   Open container of herbicides,  such  as 2,4D, can vaporize (become a gas)
         and  penetrate  other  pesticides which  are  stored nearby

         (NOTE:  The applicator must know  which container of pesticide was used
         on the crop so that  laboratory tests can be made. The lab tests can show
         whether  the  contamination occurred during mixing and  filling or earlier.
         In cases  involving herbicide contamination, it is difficult to prove whether
         it is  the result of vaporization during storage or a manufacturer formulation
         error. The courts must decide who is to blame.)

V.  Things to do when involved in a legal  problem

    A.   Examine records  to make sure that you were actually operating in the area
         at the time of the  alleged injury

    B.   Make sure that all of your records are up-to-date, particularly as to'the
         identity of the equipment used, temperatures, wind direction and velocity,
         and  all  other pertinent data

    C.   Proceed  to  the   scene  immediately  and  make  notes  of all  essential
         information

    D.   Record  any  adverse  conditions  that  you  observe  at the time  of  your
         investigation,  particularly  insect  infestations,  disease, water  stress,  late
         planting, carry-over  effect from  other materials or herbicides,  and age of
         crop

    E.   Use  close-up color photography  to  record any adverse  condition found

         (NOTE:  The close-ups  are necessary so that symptoms can  be examined
         by  an expert.)

    F.   Save the container from which the  product used on the job was  removed

         (NOTE:  If it is not practical to save  the whole container, use close-up color
         photography to  record the  label.)

    G.   Request  permission  to  have an expert examine the crop or the property
         in order to have the benefit of his opinion

         (NOTE:  This  should be done  if you  do  not  have insurance for the loss
         involved.)

    H.   Notify the chemical  company  immediately so they can send their experts
         to the site  if  they  are involved

    I.   Obtain the  names and  addresses of all witnesses who might testify as to
         the  nature of  the operation and the  conditions of the  crop  before and
         after application
                                   406

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                         INFORMATION SHEET



VI.  Insurance  for pesticide mishaps


     A.   Types of insurance plans


               1.  Bodily injury


              2.  Property damage


              3.  Restricted chemical  liability


              4.  Comprehensive chemical


     B.   Points to consider


               1.  Cost


              2.  Benefits


              3.  Drawbacks
                                                               Protection Agency

                                                 Ubrary                  Room
                                                 40H  M Street,  SW, WSM PM-213

                                   407           Ws^^ton. D.C.   20460

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                                      Spray  Record  Sheet
        Date
        and
        Time
Area  or
Target
Treated
and
Pest
Equipment
Pesticide  Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg.  Number, EPA
Est. Number,  &
Rate  (per acre.per 100
     gallons, etc.)
Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper
Amount
of
Mixture
Used
Amount
Treated
and
Location
  Additional
  Comments
(Weather, applicator,
severity of infestion,
etc.)
                                                                                              70
o
CD

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                      RECORD KEEPING  AND LIABILITY
                                   UNIT XI
  ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1--COMPLETE STANDARD RECORD  KEEPING FORM
Complete the standard form based on the information below and the labels on the following
pages.

(NOTE:  The student  should use his/her last name as the owner of the fields.)
    You sprayed your 6 acre potato field located north of the house for cabbage looper
    using De-Metho.  You used a low pressure boom  sprayer and sprayed on May  15,
    1974, at 8:00 a.m.  You had a 150 gallon tank and added 6 quarts to the tank.
    It took you 30  minutes.  The wind was  calm; no nearby crops or weeds were in
    bloom; and there was a heavy infestation.

    You sprayed your snap beans  for white  rot on  May 15, 1974, at 9:00 a.m. You
    used a boom sprayer and sprayed all 10 acres of beans in the field southeast of
    the barn. You were expecting a  severe infestation and  added 20 pounds of No-Disease
    to your 400 gallon tank. It took you  an  hour, the wind was calm; no nearby crops
    or weeds were in bloom.
Date
and
Time



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest



Equipment



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate (per acre,per 100
gallons, etc.)



Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper



Amount
of
Mixture
Used



Amount
Treated
and
Location



Additional
Comments
(Weather, applicator,
••verity of intestion.
etc.)



 1.
 2.
                                     411

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ro



PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER!
Poisonous by •wallowing or Inhalation.
Oo not breath* tpray miit. Oo not 0*t In
•ye*. Avoid contact with tkin. U** only
when waerlng the following protective
equipment and clothing. Wear tigntly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat,
uniined neoprene glove* end boot*. Wear
Mfety goggle* end/or face thlald. Wear •
ma*k or respirator Jointly approved by
the "Mining Enforcement and Safety
AOmintitration and by th* National
Institute for Occupatfonel Safety and
Health. Before removing glove*. wa*h
them with detergent and water. Alway*
w«*h hand*, face and arm* with deter-
gent end water before smoking, eating
or drinking, for emergency a**l*t*n^e,
cell OOO 000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN: De Met ho is a reveriibi*
cholin*«tere*a inhibitor. Oo not uw
OHime* to eh a* 2-PAM. Give Atropin* 2
mg. intravenously of lubcutaneously. If
in eye, instill one drop of Homatropin*.
Clow tuperviiion of the patient i* indi-
cated for at least «8 hour*.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Th.» pesticide i* tome to wildlife and'
• fith. U*e with care when applying In
erea* frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of lakes,
stream* or ponds. Do not apply where
runoff 1* likely to occur. Do not apply
when weather condition* favor drift
from target area. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or dis-
posal of watte*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flemmablel Keep awey from heet and
open fl*ma. ^

(C
V 	 .
DIRECTIONS FOR USE XV
It i* a violation of Federal law to us* tftia \
product In a manner Incontinent with it* ^tX
labeling,
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hour* af tor application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
OF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE -Do not contaminate water,
food, or food by storage or dtspoMl.
Open dumping is prohibited. DISPOS-
AL- f**wl«tda. spray ml«ture, or rlnsate
AM cannot be used or chemically repro-
e*m*\i shouM be disposed of In a lend* III
approved for paMlcklae or bwMd In •
«*f* place away from water auppiiea.
Containers should b* triple rinsed and
offered for recycling, reconditioning. «r
disposed in approved landfill or buried tn
aHfepiac*.
C*A*ult Federal. State mr local DMPPMI
MttwrttMe f«r appre>ed atterrtra proae
•JUT**




RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BV
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

M^DE METHO AiX
^\
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ACTIVE INGREDIirtO METWOljiyL -\^xz4%
INERT ING5J6d|p=fmt: \ V^Vy 76%
TOTAL: * * J> V ' ^ <, •"* lOC-i
X\ Net Content: 50 gallons
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DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a tableipoontul of salt in
IF INHALED • Remove to froth air, Call • phyiician immediately.
IF IN EYES • Flush eyes with plenty of water for at teatt 15 minuti
phyiician immediately.
IF ON SKIN - In CM* of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im



MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN, VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

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                                          DIRECTIONS
CO
                     No-Disease Benomyl Fungicide should be  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
(eradicant). and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use of
No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
other suitable fungicides.
Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
onl>). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
rate tor large mature trees.
Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray lank agitated by
hydraulic  or mechanical means; continuous  agitation  is  required to Keep the
material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
ALMONDS: Brown Rot  Blossom Blight-Appty I to I1'? Ibs. per acre at pink
bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
second application during half-to-tull bloom.
APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
ground equipment  or equivalent  amount of  No-Disease per acre  with
sprayers.  Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Sub (Apples), Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch, FTyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
gals, at W' green tip and repeat at 7- to 14.day intervals (or as needed) through
the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
deactivate scab and to prevent  further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
adverse effects on fruit finish and color mjy result: if finish and color are of
primary importance,  do not use more than 4  oz. per 100 gals.
Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis tp., Penkillium sp.. Gtoeosporium sp.)-Make a
single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
Overwintering Scab (ApplM)-Apply 8 oz. per  100 gals, after harvest but before
leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is  necessary.
BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sck-otinia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply Vt to 2
Ibs. per acre at 25%  to 50% bloom: repeat  at peak  bloom. Do not apply within
14 days of harvest: do not graze or teed treated  bean vines or hay to  livestock.
CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS.  MELONS,  SUMMER AND
WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
-Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications  when plants begin to run or when
disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
MACADAM!A NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply IV. Ibs.
per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at  7- to 14-day inter-
vals through the  bloom period.
MANGOES: AnthracnoM-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications at
first appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4.week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
apply to bed surface at the rate of \2lh gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at  14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl (Methyl 1-(butyIcartamojl)-
                                                                                             2-bcnzimidazolKartaamate)
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u.s. P.I,. I.HI.III I >.ui.in    EPA ESI. 1 352-WV-t
                      50%
                   .   50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                                Keep out of  reach of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                           Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                           In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of  water:  for eyes, get medical
                                                                                           attention.
                                                                                           IMPORTANT—Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                           to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                           cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container: crush and
                                                                                           bury when empty.
                                                                                           This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not apply
                                                                                           when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                           by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50  LBS.
                                                                                            B-21150  8-73A                                 Made in U.S.A.   Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                 KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical  City, West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab. Brown Leaftpot. Downy Spot. Powdery MMew  Apply
l/i to 1 Ib, per acre: use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may tit
added to the  spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepotlination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (TMetavtopals paradotaHUse 1V4 Ibs.  p*
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting: remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS—APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per act*
with hydraulic  ground  equipment or equivalent amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate  sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use W
Ib. per 100 gals, at earty bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications ot >/i Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab—shuck split and  shuck
tall; Powdery  Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Uaf Spot-2 to 3  weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use Vt Ib.per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopu* spp. and Attemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Moid (Botrytis), Powdery Mildew. Let* Scorch, Leaf
Blight. Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full btoom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using Vi Ib. per acre. Aiithiacnose  Apply 1 Ib.  per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Uafspot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed,  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.1
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (C*atocy*tts paradoxa)-Apply
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces  to  give
  thorough wetting: remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces tor 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mi Mew.  Stack Spot);  FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew,  Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse—Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.): for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to  14-day
intervals throughout the growing season: shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tuttp. Gladiolus, Daffodil, Irtft); Fusarium and PMfcMum
Rots-Use 1% Ibs. per 100 gals,  of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dtp (80 to 85°F.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label u*t
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents of countrlM
outside of the United States.
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RECORD  KEEPING  AND LIABILITY
           UNIT  XI
ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Date
and
Time

5-15-75
8:00-
8:30
AM

5-15-74
9:00-
10:00
AM


Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest
Student's
last name
Potato
field for
cabbage
looper

Student's
last name
Beanfield
for white
rot


Equipment

Low pressure
boom
spray
25 gal/acre

Boom
sprayer
40 gal/acre



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate (per aere.per 100
gallons, etc.)
De Metho EC,
A-Z Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1357-43 EPA
Est. No. 1357-
VT-1
2 pts./acre
No- Disease WP
Kill-Dead
Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1352-354-AA
EPA Est. No.
1352-WV-1
Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper
6 qts. or
12 pts. of
1.8EC

20 Ib.
of
50% WP



Amount
of
Mixture
Used

150 gal.


400 gal.




Amount
Treated
and
Location

6 acres
Field north
of house

10 acres
Field
southeast
of barn



Additional
Comments
(Waather. applicator,
severity of infestion.
etc.)
Wind calm, no
crops or weeds
in bloom,
heavy
infestation

Heavy
infestation,
wind calm.
no nearby
crops or weeds
in bloom
             415

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                    RECORD  KEEPING AND  LIABILITY
                                  UNIT XI
                                    TEST

1.    List four reasons for keeping records  of  pesticide  use.
      a.
      b.
      c.
      d.
2.    List four items  of  information needed for  record  keeping.
      a.
      b.
      c.
      d.
3.    Name  three common claims brought against applicators.
      a.
      b.
      c.
4.    List the ways in which  cross contamination may occur.
      a.
      b.
      c.
5.    Describe three things to do when  involved in  a legal problem.
      a.

      b.
      c.
                                    417

-------
6.      Discuss insurance  for  pesticide mishaps.
7.    Complete the  following standard  record  keeping form using  the  information
      below.

      Mr.  Green sprayed his 100 calves for hornflies on June 4, I975, at 8:00 a.m.
      He used a power sprayer which held 25 gallons of water.  Fly-Off 50 WP was
      the  pesticide used at 2#/25 gallons of water. The chemical was manufactured
      by A - Z; the EPA Registration  Number was 1357-375 and the EPA Establishment
      Number was 1357-WV-1. It took  2 hours;  the  weather was clear; infestation
      was  light. The wind  was eight  miles per hour.
Date
and
Time



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest



Equipment



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number. &
Rate (per acre.per 100
gallons, etc.)



Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper



Amount
of
Mixture
Used



Amount
Treated
and
Location



Additional
Comments
(Waather. applicator,
savarity of intestion,
etc.)



                                    418

-------
                    RECORD  KEEPING  AND  LIABILITY
                                  UNIT XI


                            ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     Any four of the following:

      a.    Help in finding an  error if  an error is  made

      b.    Provide  information to trace residue and/or damage  problems

      c.    Help save  money

      d.    Allow one  to compare the  results obtained from different pesticides

      e.    Help to reduce pesticide misuse

      f.    Provide  guide to buying  specific amount of pesticide needed

      g.    Establish proof of  proper use  in damage suit

2.     Any four of the following:

      a.    Date and time  of application

      b.    Area or target  treated  and pest

      c.    Equipment  used

      d.    Name of product, formulation,  lot number, establishment number, and rate

      e.    Total  formulation added  to tank or hopper

      f.    Amount of mixture used

      g.    Amount treated and location

      h.    Additional  comments

3.     Any three of the  following:

      a.    Drift

      b.    Crop  injury

      c.    Personal injury

      d.    Wrong field

      e.    Bees

      f.    Attractive  nuisance

      g.    Noise
                                    419

-------
4.     a>.   Manufacturer may make a  mistake  in labeling or formulating the product

       b.   Applicator  may make a mistake in mixing or filling in the spray tank  or
           he  may  not have removed from the tank all the pesticide left over from
           the  last  application

       c.   Open container of herbicides, such as 2,4D, can vaporize  (become a gas)
           and  penetrate  other  pesticides  which are stored nearby

5.     Any  three of the following:

       a.   Examine records to make sure that you were actually operating in the area
           at the time of the alleged  injury

       b.   Make sure  that all of your records are up-to-date, particularly as  to the
           identity  of the equipment used, temperatures, wind direction and velocity,
           and  other pertinent  data

       c.   Proceed  to the  scene immediately  and  make  notes  of  all  essential
           information

       d.    Record  any adverse  conditions that you observe at the  time  of your
           investigation,  particularly   insect  infestations,  disease, water  stress, late
           planting, carry-over effect  from other materials or herbicides, and  age  of
           crop

       e.   Use  close-up color photography to  record  any adverse  condition  found

       f.   Save the container from which the product used on the job was removed

       g.    Request permission to have an expert examine the crop or the property
           in order to have the benefit of  his  opinion

       h.   Notify the chemical  company immediately so they can send their experts
           to the site if  they are involved

       i.   Obtain  the names and addresses  of all witnesses who might testify as  to
           the  nature of  the operation and the conditions of the crop before and
           after application

6.     Discussion should include:

       a.   Types of  insurance plans

                1)   Bodily injury

                2)   Property damage

                3)   Restricted  chemical liability

                4)   Comprehensive chemical
                                     420

-------
      b.   Points  to  consider



                1)   Cost



                2)   Benefits



                3)   Drawbacks
7.
Date
and
Time
6-4-75
8:00-
10:00
AM



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest
Green's
Calves,
hornflies



Equipment
Power
sprayer
with single
nozzle gun



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate Iper acre, per 100
gallons, etc.)
Fly-Off 50 WP
A-Z Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1357-375, EPA
Est. No. 1357
WV-1
2 lbs./25 gals.

Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper
2 Ibs. of
50%WP




Amount
of
Mixture
Used
25 gal.





Amount
Treated
and
Location
100 calves





Additional
Comments
(Weather, applicator,
severity of infeition,
etc.)
Weather clear.
infestation
light, wind
8 mph



                                     421

-------
              United States         Washington, D.C. 20460
              Environmental Protection     April 1976
              Agency
&EPA       The Federal
              Insecticide,
              Fungicide, and
              Rodenticide Act
              As Amended
              Public Law 92-516
              October 21, 1972
              as amended by
              Public Law 94-140
              November 28, 1975

-------
               Public Law 92-516, 92nd Congress, H.R. 10729,  October 21, 1972
               as amended by
               Public Law 94-140, 94th Congress, H.R. 8841, November 28, 1975
                                                                         86 STAT. 973 -999


               To  amend the  Federal  Insecticide, Fungicide,  and  Rodenticide  Act, and  for other
                                                purposes.
Federal
Environmental
Peitleide
Control Act
of Itn.
 tl Stet.  US;
 78 Stet.  190.
  Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States  of America in  Congress assembled, That this Act may be  cited as
the "Federal Environmental Pesticide Control  Act of 1972".


    AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

  SEC.  2. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C.
136 et  seq.) is amended to read as follows:

-------
"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

   "(a)  SHORT  TITLE.—This Act  may be cited  as  the 'Federal  Insecticide,
Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act'.
   "(b)  TABLE OF CONTENTS.—

"Section 1.  Short title and table of contents.
                "(a)  Short title.
                "(b)  Table of contents.
"Sec. 2.  Definitions.
             "(a)  Active ingredient.
             "(b)  Administrator.
             "(c)  Adulterated.
             "(d)  Animal.
             "(e)  Certified applicator, etc.
                      "(1)  Certified applicator.
                      "(2)  Private applicator.
                      "(3)  Commercial applicator.
                      "(4)  Under  the direct supervision  of a certified  applicator.
             "(f)  Defoliant.
             "(g)  Desiccant.
              '(h)  Device.
                )  District court.
                )  Environment.
                )  Fungus.
              '(!)  Imminent hazard.
             "(m)  Inert ingredient.
             "(n)  Ingredient statement.
             "(o)  Insect.
             "(p)  Label and labeling.
                      "(1)  Label.
                      "(2)  Labeling.
             "(q)  Misbranded.
             "(r)  Nematode.
             "(s)  Person.
             "(t)  Pest.
             "(u) Pesticide.
             "(v)  Plant regulator.
             "(w)  Producer and produce.
              '(x) Protect health and the environment.
              '(y)  Registrant.
              '(z)  Registration.
              '(aa) State.
              '(bb)  Unreasonable adverse effects on  the environment.
              •(cc) Weed.
              '(dd)  Establishment.
"Sec. 3. Registration of pesticides.
             "(a)  Requirement.
             "(b)  Exemptions.
             "(c)  Procedure for registration.
                      "(1)  Statement required.
                      "(2)  Data in support of registration.
                      "(3)  Time for acting with respect to application.
                      "(4)  Notice of  application.
                      "(5)  Approval of registration.
                      "(6)  Denial of  registration.
             "(d)  Classification of pesticides.
                      "(1) Classification for general use, restricted use, or both.
                      "(2) Change in classification.
             "(e)  Products with same  formulation and claims.
             " (f)  Miscellaneous.
                      "(1) Effect of change of labeling or formulation.
                      "(2) Registration not a defense.
                      "(3) Authority  to consult other Federal agencies.
"Sec. 4.  Use of restricted use pesticides; certified applicators.
             "(a)  Certification procedure.
                      "(1) Federal certification.
                      "(2) State certification.
             "(b)  State plans.
             •' (c)  Instruction in integrated pest management techniques.
"Sec. 5.  Experimental use permits.
             "(a)  Issuance.
             "(b)  Temporary tolerance level.
             "(c)  Use under permit.
             "(d)  Studies.
             "(e)  Revocation.


                                                      1

-------
             " (0  State issuance ot permits.
             " (g)  Exemption for agricultural research agencies.
"Sec. 6. Administrative review; suspension.
             "(a)  Cancellation after five years.
                       "(1) Procedure.
                       "(2) Information.
             "(b)  Cancellation and change in classification.
             •'(c)  Suspension.
                       "(I) Order.
                       "(2) Expedite hearing.
                       "(3) Emergency order.
                       "(4) Judicial review.
             "(d)  Public hearings and scientific review.
             " (e)  Judicial review.
"Sec. 7. Registration of establishments.
             "(a)  Requirement.
             "(b)  Registration.
             "(c)  Information required.
             "(d)  Confidential records and information.
"Sec. 8. Books and records.
             "(a)  Requirements.
             "(b)  Inspection.
"Sec. 9. Inspection of  establishments,  etc.
             "(a)  In general.
             "(b)  Warrants.
             "(c)  Enforcement.
                       "(1) Certification of facts to Attorney General.
                       " (2) Notice not required.
                       "(3) Warning notices.
"Sec. 10. Protection of trade secrets and other information.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Disclosure.
               " (c)  Disputes.
"Sec. 11. Standards applicable to pesticide applicators.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Separate standards.
"Sec. 12. Unlawful acts.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Exemptions.
"Sec. 13. Stop sale,  use, removal, and seizure.
               "(a)  Stop sale,  etc., orders.
               "(b)  Seizure.
               "(c)  Disposition after condemnation.
               "(d)  Court costs, etc.
"Sec. 14. Penalties.
               "(a)  Civil penalties.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Private applicator.
                        "(3)  Hearing.
                        "(4)  References to  Attorney General.
               "(b)  Criminal penalties.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Private applicator.
                        "(3)  Disclosure of information.
                        "(4)  Acts of officers, agents, etc.
"Sec. IS. Indemnities.
               "(a)  Requirement.
               "(b)  Amount of payment.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Special rule.
"Sec. 16. Administrative procedure; judicial review.
               "(a)  District court  review.
               " (b)  Review by Court of Appeals.
               " (c)  Jurisdiction of district courts.
               "(d)  Notice of judgments.
"Sec. 17. Imports and exports.
               "(a)  Pesticides and devices intended for export.
               " (b) Cancellation notices furnished to foreign governments.
               "(c)  Importation of pesticides and  devices.
               "(d) Cooperation in international efforts.
               "(e)  Regulations.
"Sec.  18. Exemption of Federal agencies.
"Sec.  19. Disposal and transportation.
               "(a) Procedures.
               " (b) Advice to Secretary of Transportation.
"Sec. 20. Research and monitoring.
               "(a) Research.
               "(b) National monitoring plan.
               "(c) Monitoring.
"Sec. 21. Solicitation  of public comments; notice of public hearings.
"Sec. 22. Delegation and cooperation.
                " (a)  Delegation.
                " (b) Cooperation.
"Sec. 23. State cooperation, aid, and  training.
               "(a) Cooperative agreements.
               "(b) Contracts for  training.
"Sec. 24. Authority of States.
"Sec. 25. Authority of Administrator.
                "(a) (I) Regulations.
                   •• (2) Procedure.
                          " (A) Proposed regulations.
                          "(B)  Final regulations.
                          " (C) Time requirements.
                          "(D) Publication in the Federal Register.
                   " (3) Congressional committees.
               "(b) Exemption of pesticides.
               "(c) Other authority.
"Sec. 26. Severability.
"Sec. 27. Authorization for appropriations.

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"SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
  "For purposes of this Act—
  "(a) ACTIVE INGREDIENT.—The  term 'active ingredient' means—
      "(1) in the case of a pesticide other than a plant regulator, defoliant,
    or  desiccant, an  ingredient  which  will  prevent,  destroy,  repel,  or
    mitigate any pest;
      " (2) in the case of a plant regulator, an ingredient which,  through
    physiological action, will accelerate or retard the rate of growth or rate
    of maturation or otherwise alter  the behavior of ornamental  or crop
    plants or the product thereof;
      "(3) in  the case of a defoliant, an ingredient which will  cause the
    leaves or foliage to drop from a plant; and
      "(4) in the case of a desiccant, an ingredient which will  artificially
    accelerate the drying of plant tissue.
  "(b) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term 'Administrator' means'the Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
  "(c) ADULTERATED.—The term 'adulterated' applies to  any pesticide if:
      "(1)  its  strength or  purity  falls  below  the  professed  standard of
    quality as expressed  on its labeling under which it is  sold;
      "(2) any substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the
    pesticide; or
      "(3) any valuable constituent of the pesticide has been wholly or in
    part abstracted.
  "(d)  ANIMAL.—The term 'animal' means all vertebrate and invertebrate
species, including but  not  limited to man and  other mammals, birds, fish,
and shellfish.
  "(e) CERTIFIED APPLICATOR, ETC.—
      "(1)  CERTIFIED  APPLICATOR.—The  term  'certified  applicator' means
    any individual who  is certified under section 4 as authorized to use or
    supervise the use of any pesticide  which is classified for restricted  use.
      "(2)  PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—The term 'private applicator'  means a
    certified  applicator  who uses or  supervises  the use of  any  pesticide
    which is  classified for  restricted  use for  purposes  of  producing  any
    agricultural  commodity on property owned  or rented  by him or  his
    employer or  (if applied without  compensation  other  than trading of
    personal services  between producers of agricultural commodities)  on
    the property of another person.
      "(3)  COMMERCIAL  APPLICATOR.—The  term 'commercial applicator'
    means a certified  applicator (whether or not he is a private applicator
    with  respect  to some uses)  who uses or  supervises the use of  any
    pesticide  which is classified for restricted  use for  any purpose  or on
    any property other than as provided  by paragraph (2).
      "(4)  UNDER  THE  DIRECT  SUPERVISION OF  A CERTIFIED  APPLICATOR.—
    Unless otherwise  prescribed by its labeling, a  pesticide  shall  be con-
    sidered to be applied  under the direct supervision of a  certified appli-
    cator if it is applied  by a competent person  acting under the instructions
    and  control of a  certified  applicator  who  is  available  if  and when
     needed,  even though  such certified applicator is not physically present
    at the time and place the pesticide is applied.
   "(f)  DEFOLIANT.—The term 'defoliant' means any substance or mixture
of  substances  intended  for  causing the  leaves or  foliage  to drop from  a
plant, with or without causing abscission.
   "(g)  DESICCANT.—The term 'desiccant' means any substance or mixture
of  substances intended for artificially accelerating the drying of plant tissue.
   "(h) DEVICE.—The  term  'device' means  any  instrument or contrivance
 (other than a firearm) which is intended for trapping, destroying, repelling,
or mitigating  any pest  or any Other form  of  plant or animal  life (other than
man  and other than bacteria, virus, or other microorganism  on or in living
man  or other living animals); but not  including equipment used for  the
application of pesticides when sold separately therefrom.
   "(i)  DISTRICT COURT.—The  term 'district court'  means a  United  States
district court,  the District Court of Guam, the District  Court of  the  Virgin
 Islands, and the highest court of American Samoa.
    "(j)  ENVIRONMENT.—The term 'environment'  includes water, air, land,
and all  plants and  man and other animals living  therein,  and the  inter-
relationships which  exist among  these.
   "(k)  FUNGUS.—The  term  'fungus' means  any  non-chlorophyll-bearing
thallophyte (that is,  any non-chlorophyll-bearing  plant of  a lower  order
than mosses  and liverworts),  as  for  example, rust, smut,  mildew,  mold,
yeast, and bacteria, except those  on or in living  man or other animals and
those on or in  processed food, beverages, or Pharmaceuticals.
   "(1)  IMMINENT HAZARD.—The  term 'imminent hazard' means  a  situation
which exists  when the continued use of a pesticide during the time required
for cancellation proceeding would be likely to result  in unreasonable adverse

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                effects  on the  environment  or  will  involve  unreasonable  hazard  to  the
                survival of a species declared endangered by  the Secretary  of the Interior
                under Public Law 91-135.
83 But. »75.         "(m) INERT INGREDIENT.—The term 'inert ingredient' means an ingredient
1< use tfSce-i.   which is not  active.
                   "(n)  INGREDIENT  STATEMENT.—The term  'ingredient statement' means a
                statement which contains—
                      "(1)  the name  and  percentage of each active ingredient,  and  the
                     total percentage of all inert ingredients, in the pesticide; and
                      "(2) if the pesticide contains arsenic in any form,  a statement of the
                     percentages of total and water soluble arsenic, calculated as elementary
                     arsenic.
                   " (o)  INSECT.—The term 'insect' means any of the numerous  small inverte-
                brate animals generally having the body  more or less obviously segmented,
                for  the most  part  belonging to  the class  insecta,  comprising six-legged,
                usually  winged forms, as for example, beetles,  bugs, bees, flies, and to other
                allied classes of arthropods whose members are wingless  and usually have
                more than six legs, as for example,  spiders,  mites, ticks, centipedes, and
                wood lice.
                   "(p)  LABEL AND LABELING.—
                      "(1) LABEL.—The term 'label' means the written, printed, or graphic
                     matter on, or attached  to, the pesticide or device or any  of  its con-
                     tainers or wrappers.
                      "(2) LABELING.—The  term  'labeling' means all labels and  all other
                     written,  printed, or graphic matter—
                           "(A) accompanying the pesticide or device at any time; or
                           "(B)  to  which reference is made  on  the label or  in literature
                         accompanying the pesticide or  device, except  to  current  official
                         publications of the  Environmental  Protection Agency,  the  United
                         States Departments  of Agriculture and  Interior, the Department
                         of Health, Education, and Welfare,  State experiment stations, State
                         agricultural colleges, and other similar Federal or State institutions
                         or agencies authorized by law to conduct research in the field  of
                         pesticides.
                   "(q)  MlSBRANDED.	
                      "(1) A pesticide is misbranded if—
                           "(A) its  labeling bears  any statement, design,  or graphic repre-
                         sentation relative thereto or to its ingredients  which  is false  or
                         misleading  in any particular;
                           "(B) it is contained in a package or other container or wrapping
                         which does  not conform to the standards established by the Admin-
                         istrator pursuant to  section 25(c)(3);
                           "(C)  it is an imitation of, or  is  offered for sale under the name
                         of, another pesticide;
                           "(D) its label does not bear the  registration number assigned
                         under section  7 to each establishment in which it was produced;
                           "(E)  any word,  statement, or other information  required by  or
                         under authority of  this Act to  appear on the label or labeling  is
                         not prominently  placed thereon  with such  conspicuousness  (as
                         compared with other words, statements, designs, or graphic matter
                         in the labeling) and in such terms as to render it likely to be read
                         and understood by the ordinary individual under customary condi-
                         tions of purchase and use;
                           "(F) the labeling  accompanying it does not contain directions
                         for  use which  are necessary for  effecting the purpose  for which the
                         product is intended and if complied with, together with any require-
                         ments imposed under section 3(d) of this  Act, are adequate  to
                         protect health and the environment;
                           "(G) the label does not contain  a  warning or  caution statement
                         which may be necessary  and if complied with, together with  any
                         requirements  imposed under section  3(d)  of this Act, is adequate
                         to protect health and the environment.
                        " (2)  A pesticide is misbranded if—
                           "(A)  the label  does not bear an  ingredient  statement on that
                         part of the immediate container (and on the outside container  or
                         wrapper of the retail package,  if there be one,  through which  the
                         ingredient  statement on the immediate container cannot be clearly
                         read)  which is presented or displayed under customary conditions
                         of  purchase, except that a pesticide  is not misbranded under  this
                         subparagraph if:
                           "(i) the size of form of the  immediate container, or the outside
                         container or wrapper of the retail  package, makes  it impracticable
                         to  place the ingredient statement  on the part  which is  presented
                         or  displayed under customary conditions of purchase; and

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          "(ii)  the  ingredient statement appears prominently on another
        part of  the  immediate container, or outside container or wrapper,
        permitted by the Administrator;
          "(B)  the labeling does  not contain a  statement of  the  use
        classification under which the product is registered;
          "(C)  there  is  not affixed to its container,  and to the  outside
        container or  wrapper  of  the retail  package, if there be  one,
        through  which the  required information on  the immediate  con-
        tainer cannot  be clearly read, a label bearing—
              "(i)  the name and  address  of the producer,  registrant, or
            person for whom produced;
              "(ii)  the  name,  brand, or  trademark under  which  the
            pesticide is sold;
              "(iii) the net weight or measure  of  the content: Provided,
            That the Administrator may permit  reasonable variations;  and
              "(iv) when required by regulation of the Administrator to
            effectuate the  purposes  of this Act, the  registration number
            assigned to  the pesticide  under this Act, and the use  classifi-
            cation;  and
          "(D)   the pesticide contains any substance or  substances in
        quantities highly toxic to  man, unless the label shall bear, in
        addition to  any other matter required by this Act—
              " (i) the skull and crossbones;
              "(ii)  the word 'poison' prominently in red on  a background
            of distinctly contrasting color; and
              "(iii)  a statement  of  a practical treatment  (first  aid or
            otherwise) in case  of  poisoning by the pesticide.
  "(r) NEMATODE.—The term 'nematode' means invertebrate  animals of
the phylum nemathelminthes and  class nematoda,  that  is,  unsegmented
round  worms with  elongated, fusiform, or  saclike bodies  covered  with
cuticle, and inhabiting soil, water, plants, or plant parts; may  also be called
nemas or eelworms.
  "(s) PERSON.—The  term  'person'  means  any  individual, partnership,
association,  corporation,  or  any  organized  group of persons  whether
incorporated or not.
  "(t) PEST.—The term  'pest'  means (1)  any  insect, rodent,  nematode,
fungus, weed, or (2)  any other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal
life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except  viruses, bacteria, or
other micro-organisms on or in living man  or other living animals) which
the Administator declares to be a pest under section 25(c)(l).
  "(u) PESTICIDE.—The term 'pesticide' means (1) any substance  or mixture   P.L. 94-140
of substances  intended  for  preventing, destroying, repelling,  or  mitigating   ** sut. 754
any pest, and  (2)  any  substance or mixture of substances intended  for use
as a  plant  regulator,  defoliant, or  desiccant: Provided, That  the  term
'pesticide' shall not include any article (l)(a) that  is a 'new animal drug'
within the meaning  of section  201 (w) of  the Federal  Food,  Drug,  and
Cosmetic Act (21  U.S.C. 321 (w)),  or (b) that has been determined by the
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare  not to be  a new animal drug
by a regulation establishing conditions of use  for the article,  or  (2) that  is
an  animal  feed  within the  meaning of section  201 (x)  of  such Act  (21
U.S.C. 321 (x)) bearing or containing an article covered  by clause (1) of this
proviso."
  "(v) PLANT REGULATOR.—The term 'plant regulator" means  any substance
or  mixture  of  substances  intended,  through  physiological action,  for
accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or rate of maturation, or for
otherwise  altering the  behavior of plants or the  produce thereof, but shall
not include substances to the extent that they are intended as plant nutrients,
trace  elements,  nutritional chemicals, plant  inoculants, and soil  amend-
ments. Also, the term 'plant regulator' shall not be required to include any
of such of  those nutrient  mixtures or soil  amendments as  are  commonly
known as  vitamin-hormone  horticultural products,  intended for improve-
ment,  maintenance,  survival, health, and propagation of plants,  and as are
not for pest destruction and are nontoxic, nonpoisonous  in  the undiluted
packaged concentration.
  "(w) PRODUCER AND PRODUCE.—The term  'producer' means  the person
who  manufactures,  prepares,  compounds,  propagates, or  processes  any
pesticide or device.  The  term 'produce* means  to manufacture, prepare,
compound,  propagate, or process any pesticide or device.
  "(x)  PROTECT  HEALTH  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENT.—The  terms  'protect
health and the environment' and 'protection of health and the environment"
mean  protection against any unreasonable  adverse effects on the environ-
ment.
  "(y) REGISTRANT.—The term 'registrant'  means a person  who has regis-
tered any pesticide pursuant to the provisions of  this Act.

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P.L. 94-140
89 SUt. 755
 Teat lUta.
   Appeal.
  "(z) REGISTRATION.—The term  'registration'  includes reregistration.
  "(aa)  STATE.—The term 'State' means a State, the District of Columbia,
the Commonwealth  of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Trust
Territory of  the Pacific Islands, and American  Samoa.
  "(bo)  UNREASONABLE ADVERSE  EFFECTS  ON  THE  ENVIRONMENT.—The
term 'unreasonable adverse effects on the environment' means any unreason-
able risk to  man  or the environment, taking into  account the economic,
social, and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide.
  "(cc)  WEED.—The  term 'weed'  means any plant which  grows  where
not wanted.
  "(dd)  ESTABLISHMENT.—The term 'establishment'  means any place where
a pesticide or device is produced, or held, for distribution or sale.

"SEC. 3. REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES.
  "(a) REQUIREMENT.—Except as otherwise provided by  this Act, no person
in any State may  distribute, sell, offer for sale, hold for sale,  ship, deliver
for shipment, or receive and (having so received) deliver or offer to deliver,
to any person any pesticide which is not registered  with  the Administrator.
  "(b) EXEMPTIONS.—A pesticide which is not  registered with  the Admin-
istrator may be transferred if—
       "(1) the transfer is from  one registered establishment to another
    registered  establishment  operated  by the  same  producer  solely  for
    packaging at  the second establishment or for use as a  constituent  part
    of another pesticide produced at the second establishment; or
       "(2) the transfer is  pursuant, to and in accordance with the require-
    ments of an experimental use permit.
  " (c) PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION.—
       (1)  STATEMENT REQUIRED.—Each applicant  for registration of a
    pesticide shall file  with the Administrator a statement which includes—
           "(A)  the name and address  of the  applicant and of any other
         person whose name will appear on the labeling;
           ".(B) the name  of the pesticide;
           "(C)  a complete copy of the labeling of the pesticide, a state-
         ment of all claims to be made for it, and any directions for its use;
           (D) if requested by the  Administrator,  a full description of the
         tests made and  the results  thereof upon which  the  claims  are
         based, except that data submitted on or after January  1, 1970, in
         support  of an  application shall  not,  without  permission of  the
         applicant, be considered by the Administrator in support of any
         other application  for registration unless such other applicant  shall
         have first offered to pay reasonable compensation for producing
         the test data to be relied upon and such data is not protected from
         disclosure by section 10(b). This provision  with  regard to com-
         pensation for producing the test data to be relied upon shall apply
         with respect  to  all  applications  for registration  or reregistration
         submitted on or after October 21, 1972. If the parties cannot agree
         on  the amount and  method of payment,   the  Administrator  shall
         make such determination and may fix  such other terms and condi-
         tions  as  may be reasonable under the  circumstances. The Admin-
         istrator's determination shall be made on  the  record  after notice
         and opportunity  for hearing.  If either party does not agree  with
         said determination, he may, within  thirty  days, take an appeal to
         the Federal district court for the district  in which he resides with
         respect  to either  the amount of the payment or the terms of pay-
         ment, or  both.  Registration shall  not be  delayed  pending the
         determination of reasonable compensation between the applicants,
         by the Administrator or by the  court.
            "(E) the complete formula of the pesticide; and
            "(F)  a  request that the pesticide be classified for general use,
         for restricted use, or for both.
       "(2)  DATA IN SUPPORT OF  REGISTRATION.—The  Administrator  shall
     publish guidelines specifying the kinds  of information  which will be
     required to  support the registration of a pesticide and shall revise such
      guidelines from time  to time.  If thereafter he requires  any additional
     kind  of information  he shall  permit sufficient time for applicants to
      obtain  such  additional information. Except as provided  by subsection
      (c)(l)(D)  of  this section and  section 10, within 30 days  after  the
      Administrator  registers a pesticide under this  Act  he  shall make  avail-
      able  to the  public the  data  called  for in the  registration  statement
      together  with  such other  scientific information  as he deems relevant
      to  his decision.
        "(3) TIME FOR ACTING WITH RESPECT TO APPLICATION.—The Adminis-
      trator shall review the data after receipt  of the application and  shall,
      as  expeditiously as possible, either register the pesticide  in accordance

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 with paragraph (5),  or notify the applicant of his  determination that
 it does not comply with the provisions of  the Act in accordance with
 paragraph (6).
   "(4) NOTICE OF APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall publish in the
 Federal Register, promptly  after receipt of  the  statement and  other
 data required pursuant to paragraphs (1)  and (2), a  notice of  each
 application for registration  of  any  pesticide  if it  contains any new
 active  ingredient  or  if it would entail a  changed  use pattern. The
 notice shall provide for a period of 30 days  in which any  Federal agency
 or any other interested  person may comment.
   "(5) APPROVAL OF  REGISTRATION.—The Administrator  shall register a
 pesticide if he determines that,  when  considered  with any  restrictions
 imposed under subsection (d)—
       "(A) its composition  is such as to warrant the proposed  claims
     for it;
       "(B) its labeling and other  material required to be submitted
     comply with the  requirements of this Act;
        "(C) it will perform  its intended  function without unreasonable
     adverse effects on the environment; and
        "(D) when used in accordance with widespread  and commonly
     recognized  practice it   will  not  generally  cause unreasonable
     adverse effects on the environment.
 The Administrator shall not make  any  lack  of essentiality a criterion
 for denying registration of any pesticide. Where two pesticides meet the
 requirements  of this  paragraph,  one  should not be registered in prefer-
 ence to the other.
   "(6) DENIAL OF REGISTRATION.—If the Administrator determines that
 the requirements  of paragraph  (5) for registration are not  satisfied, he
 shall notify the applicant for registration  of  his determination and of
 his reasons  (including  the factual basis) therefor, and that, unless the
 applicant corrects the conditions and  notifies the Administrator thereof
 during the  30-day period beginning  with  the day  after the date  on
 which  the applicant  receives the notice, the Administrator  may refuse
 to register the pesticide. Whenever the Administrator refuses to register
 a pesticide, he shall notify the applicant of his decision  and  of  his
 reasons (including the factual basis)  therefor. The Administrator shall
 promptly publish in  the Federal Register  notice  of such denial of
 registration and  the  reasons therefor. Upon such notification,  the
 applicant for registration or other  interested  person with  the  concur-
 rence  of  the  applicant shall have the  same  remedies as provided for
 in section 6.
'(d)  CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES.—
   "(1) CLASSIFICATION FOR GENERAL USE, RESTRICTED USE, OR BOTH.—
        "(A)  As a part of the registration of  a pesticide the Adminis-
      trator shall classify it as being for general use or for restricted use,
      provided that if  the Administrator determines that some of the uses
      for which the pesticide  is registered should be for general use and
      that  other uses  for which it is  registered should be for restricted
      use,  he  shall classify it  for  both general use  and restricted  use.  If
      some of  the uses of the pesticide are classified for general use and
      other uses are classified for restricted use,  the directions relating
      to its general uses shall be clearly separated and distinguished from
      those directions relating to its restricted  uses:  Provided, however,
      That the Administrator may require that its packaging and labeling
      for restricted uses shall  be clearly distinguishable from its packaging
      and labeling for general uses.
        "(B)  If the Administrator determines that  the  pesticide,  when
      applied  in accordance  with its  directions for   use, warnings and
      cautions and for  the uses  for which it is registered, or for one or
      more of such uses, or  in accordance  with a widespread and com-
      monly recognized  practice, will not generally  cause unreasonable
      adverse  effects  on the  environment,  he  will classify the pesticide,
      or the particular  use or uses of the  pesticide  to which the deter-
      mination applies,  for general use.
        "(C)  If the  Administrator determines that  the  pesticide,  when
      applied in accordance  with its  directions for  use, warnings and
      cautions and for  the uses for which it  is registered, or for one or
      more of such uses, or  in accordance with a widespread and com-
      monly recognized practice, may  generally cause, without additional
      regulatory restrictions,  unreasonable adverse effects on the environ-
      ment, including  injury to the applicator,  he  shall  classify  the
      pesticide, or the particular use  or uses to which the determination
      applies, for restricted use:
             "(i) If the Administrator  classifies  a pesticide, or one or
Publication
In Federal
Register.
Publication
in Federal
Register.

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Publication
in Federal
Register.
 Standard*.
P.L. 94-140
89 Stat. 753
             more uses of such  pesticide, for restricted use because  of a
             determination that the acute dermal or  inhalation toxicity of
             the pesticide presents a  hazard to the  applicator  or other
             persons, the pesticide shall be applied for any use to which the
             restricted  classification  applies only by or under  the  direct
             supervision of a certified applicator.
               "(ii)  If the Administrator classifies a pesticide,  or  one or
             more uses of such  pesticide, for restricted use because  of a
             determination that its use without additional regulatory restric-
             tion may cause unreasonable  adverse  effects  on the environ-
             ment, the pesticide  shall be applied for  any use  to which the
             determination applies only by or under  the direct supervision
             of a certified applicator, or subject to  such other restrictions
             as the  Administrator may provide by regulation.  Any  such
             regulation shall be  reviewable  in the  appropriate  court of
             appeals upon petition of a person adversely affected filed within
             60 days of the publication of  the regulation  in final form.
      "(2)  CHANGE  IN CLASSIFICATION.—If the Administrator  determines
    that a change in the classification of any use of a pesticide from general
    use to restricted use is necessary to prevent unreasonable adverse effects
    on  the  environment,  he  shall notify the registrant of  such pesticide of
    such determination at least 30 days before making the change and shall
    publish the proposed change in the Federal Register. The  registrant, or
    other interested  person with the concurrence of the registrant, may seek
    relief from such determination under section 6(b).
  "(e)  PRODUCTS WITH SAME FORMULATION AND  CLAIMS.—Products which
have  the same formulation,  are manufactured by  the same  person, the
labeling of which contains the same claims, and the  labels  of which bear a
designation  identifying the product as the  same pesticide may be registered
as a single pesticide;  and additional names and  labels shall be added to the
registration  by supplemental statements.
  "(f) MISCELLANEOUS.—
      "(1)  EFFECT  OF CHANGE OF  LABELING OR  FORMULATION.—If the label-
    ing or  formulation for a pesticide is changed, the registration shall be
    amended to reflect  such change  if the Administrator  determines  that
    the change will not violate any  provision of  this Act.
      "(2)  REGISTRATION NOT A DEFENSE.—In no event shall registration of
    an  article be construed as a defense for the commission of  any offense
    under this Act: Provided, That as long as no cancellation  proceedings
    are in  effect  registration of a pesticide  shall  be prima facie evidence
    that the pesticide,  its labeling  and packaging comply with  the registra-
    tion provisions of the Act.
      "(3)  AUTHORITY  TO CONSULT  OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—In connec-
    tion with  consideration  of any registration or application  for registra-
    tion under this  section,  the Administrator may consult with any other
    Federal agency.

"SEC. 4. USE OF RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES; CERTIFIED APPLI-
            CATORS.
  "(a)  CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE.—
      "(1) FEDERAL CERTIFICATION.—Subject  to paragraph  (2),  the  Admin-
    istrator shall prescribe standards for the certification of applicators  of
    pesticides. Such standards shall provide that to be certified, an individual
    must be  determined to be competent  with  respect  to  the  use and
    handling of pesticides, or to the use and handling of  the  pesticide  or
     class of pesticides covered by such individual's  certification: Provided,
     however,  That  the certification standard for a private  applicator shall,
     under  a State plan submitted for approval, be  deemed fulfilled by his
     completing a certification form.  The Administrator shall further assure
     that such form contains adequate information and affirmations to carry
     out the intent of this Act, and may include in the form an affirmation
     that the private applicator has completed a training program approved
     by  the Administrator so long  as the program does  not require the
     private applicator to take, pursuant to a requirement prescribed by the
     Administrator,  any  examination  to  establish  competency  in  the use
     of  the pesticide.  The Administrator may  require  any pesticide dealer
     participating in a certification program to be  licensed under a State
     licensing  program approved by him.
        "(2) STATE  CERTIFICATION.—If any State,  at  any  time,  desires to
     certify applicators of pesticides, the Governor of such State shall submit
     a State plan for such purpose. The Administrator shall  approve the plan
     submitted by any State, or any modification thereof,  if such plan in his
     judgment—
            "(A)  designates a  State  agency  as the  agency responsible  for

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P.L. 94-140
89 SUt. 754
7 U8C 136a.
        administering the plan throughout the State;
           "(B)  contains  satisfactory  assurances that  such  agency  has
        or will have the legal authority and qualified personnel necessary
        to carry out the plan;
           "(C) gives satisfactory assurances  that  the  State  will  devote
        adequate funds to the administration of the plan;
           "(D) provides that  the State  agency will make such reports to
        the Administrator in such form and containing such  information
        as the Administrator may from time to time require; and
           "(E) contains satisfactory assurances that State  standards for
        the certification  of  applicators of  pesticides conform  with those
        standards prescribed by the Administrator under paragraph (1).
Any State  certification program under this  section shall be  maintained in
accordance with the State plan approved under this section.
  "(b) STATE  PLANS.—If the Administrator  rejects a  plan submitted under  Hemrinc.
this paragraph, he shall afford the State submitting the plan due notice and
opportunity for hearing  before so doing. If the Administrator  approves  a
plan submitted under this paragraph, then such State shall certify applicators
of pesticides with respect to such State. Whenever the Administrator deter-
mines that  a State is not administering  the certification program in accord-
ance with the  plan approved  under this section, he shall so notify the State
and provide for a hearing at the  request of the State, and,  if appropriate
corrective action is not taken within a reasonable time, not to exceed ninety
days,  the Administrator shall withdraw  approval of such  plan.
  "(c) INSTRUCTION  IN  INTEGRATED  PEST  MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES.—
Standards prescribed by the Administrator for the certification of applicators
of pesticides under subsection (a), and State  plans submitted to the Admin-
istrator under  subsections (a) and  (b), shall include  provisions for making
instructional materials concerning  integrated pest  management techniques
available to individuals at their request in accordance with  the provisions
of section  23 (c)  of this  Act,  but such  plans  may  not require that any
individual receive instruction  concerning such techniques or be shown to be
competent  with respect to the use of such  techniques. The  Administrator
and States  implementing such plans shall provide that all interested individ-
uals are notified of the availability of  such  instructional materials."

"SEC. 5. EXPERIMENTAL USE PERMITS.
  "(a)  ISSUANCE.—Any person may  apply  to  the  Administrator  for an
experimental use permit for  a pesticide. The Administrator  may  issue an
experimental use permit  if he  determines  that the  applicant needs  such
permit in order to accumulate  information necessary to register a  pesticide
under section 3. An application for an experimental use permit may be filed
at the time of or before or after  an application for  registration is filed.
  "(b)  TEMPORARY  TOLERANCE LEVEL.—If  the Administrator  determines
that the  use of a pesticide may  reasonably be expected to  result  in any
residue on  or  in food or feed, he may establish  a temporary tolerance level
for the residue of  the  pesticide before issuing the experimental use permit.
  "(c) USE UNDER PERMIT.—Use  of  a  pesticide under an experimental use
permit shall be under the supervision  of the Administrator, and  shall be
subject to such terms and conditions  and be  for such  period of time as the
Administrator may prescribe in the permit.
  "(d) STUDIES.—When  any  experimental use permit is  issued for a pesti-
cide containing any chemical or combination of chemicals  which  has  not
been included  in any previously registered pesticide, the Administrator may
specify that studies be conducted to detect whether the use of the  pesticide
under the permit may cause unreasonable adverse effects on the  environ-
ment. All  results of  such studies  shall be  reported  to  the  Administrator
before such pesticide may be registered under section  3.
  "(e) REVOCATION.—The Administrator may revoke  any experimental use
permit,  at  any  time,  if he  finds  that   its terms or  conditions are being
violated, or that its terms and conditions are inadequate to avoid unreason-
able adverse effects on the environment.
  "(f) STATE  ISSUANCE OF PERMITS.—Notwithstanding the foregoing provi-
sions  of this section, the Administrator  may, under such terms and condi-
tions  as he may by  regulations prescribe, authorize  any State to  issue an
experimental use permit for a pesticide. All  provisions of section 4 relating
to State plans shall apply with  equal  force to a State  plan for the issuance
of experimental use permits under  this section.
  "(g) EXEMPTION FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGENCIES.—Notwithstand-  P.L. >4-i4«
ing the foregoing provisions of this section, the  Administrator may issue an  " 8tat- 7M
experimental use permit for a pesticide  to any public or private agricultural
research  agency or educational institution  which applies for such  permit.
Each  permit shall not exceed more than a  one-year  period  or such other
specific time as the Administrator may prescribe. Such permit shall be issued

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    Publication
    in Federal
    ReKUter.
      Hearing.

    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 751
Publication in
Federal Register.
   Ante, p. 753.
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 751
under such terms and conditions restricting the use of the pesticide as the
Administrator may require: Provided, That such pesticide may be used only
by such  research agency or educational institution for purposes of experi-
mentation."

"SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW; SUSPENSION.
  " (a) CANCELLATION AFTER FIVE YEARS—
      "(1) PROCEDURE.—The Administrator shall cancel the  registration
    of any. pesticide at the end of  the five-year period which begins on the
    date of its registration (or at the end of any five-year period thereafter)
    unless the registrant, or  other interested person  with the  concurrence
    of the registrant, before the end of such period, requests in accordance
    with regulations  prescribed by the Administrator that the  registration
    be continued in  effect: Provided, That the Administrator may permit
    the  continued sale  and  use of existing stocks  of  a pesticide whose
    registration is canceled under this subsection  or subsection (b) to such
    extent, under such conditions, and  for such  uses as he may specify  if
    he determines that such sale or use is not inconsistent with the purposes
    of this Act and will not  have  unreasonable adverse effects  on the
    environment. The Administrator shall  publish in the Federal Register,
    at least 30  days prior to  the expiration of such five-year period, notice
    that the registration will be canceled if  the registrant or other interested
    person with the concurrence of the registrant does not request that the
    registration be continued  in effect.
      "(2) INFORMATION.—If at any time  after the registration of  a pesti-
    cide the  registrant  has  additional  factual information  regarding un-
    reasonable  adverse effects on the environment of the pesticide, he shall
    submit such information to the  Administrator.
  " (b)  CANCELLATION AND CHANCE IN CLASSIFICATION.—If it appears to the
Administrator that a pesticide or its labeling or other material  required  to
be submitted does not comply with the provisions  of this Act or, when used
in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized practice, generally
causes unreasonable adverse  effects on the environment,  the Administrator
may issue a notice of his intent either—
       "(1) to cancel its registration or to  change its classification together
    with the  reasons (including the factual basis) for his action, or
       "(2) to  hold a hearing to determine whether  or  not  its registration
     should be  canceled or its classification changed.
Such notice shall be  sent to the registrant  and  made  public. In  determining
whether to issue any such notice, the  Administrator shall include among
those factors to be taken into account the impact of the action  proposed
in such  notice  on production and  prices of agricultural  commodities, retail
food  prices, and otherwise on  the agricultural economy.  At  least  60  days
prior to sending such notice  to the registrant or making public  such notice,
whichever  occurs  first, the  Administrator shall   provide  the  Secretary  of
 Agriculture with a copy of such notice and an analysis of such impact  on
 the  agricultural economy. If  the  Secretary  comments  in writing to  the
 Administrator  regarding  the  notice  and  analysis  within  30  days  after
 receiving  them, the Administrator shall  publish in the Federal  Register
 (with the notice)  the comments of the Secretary and  the response of the
 Administrator  with  regard to  the Secretary's comments. If  the  Secretary
 does not comment in writing to the Administrator regarding the notice and
 analysis within 30 days after receiving  them, the Administrator may  notify
 the registrant  and make public the notice at any time after  such 30-day
 period  notwithstanding the  foregoing 60-day  time  requirement. The time
 requirements  imposed  by the preceding  3 sentences   may  be waived  or
 modified to the extent agreed upon  by the Administrator and the Secretary.
 Notwithstanding any other  provision  of  this subsection (b)  and section
 25(d),  in the event  that the Administrator determines  that suspension of a
 pesticide  registration is necessary  to prevent an imminent hazard to human
 health, then upon such a finding  the Administrator  may waive the require-
 ment of notice to and  consultation with the Secretary  of Agriculture pur-
 suant to subsection  (b) and of submission to the Scientific  Advisory Panel
 pursuant  to  section  25 (d) and proceed in accordance with subsection  (c).
 The proposed  action shall become final and effective at  the end of 30 days
 from receipt by the registrant, or  publication,  of  a  notice issued  under
 paragraph (1), whichever occurs later, unless within  that  time either  (i)
 the registrant  makes the necessary corrections, if possible, or  (ii)  a request
 for a hearing  is made by a  person  adversely affected by the notice. In  the
 event a hearing is held  pursuant to  such a request or to the Administrator's
 determination  under paragraph (2), a decision pertaining to registration or
 classification issued after completion of  such  hearing shall be final.
    In taking any final action under  this subsection,  the  Administrator shall
  include among those factors to be  taken  into account  the impact of such

                         10

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final action on production and prices of agricultural commodities, retail food
prices, and otherwise on the agricultural  economy, and he shall publish in
the Federal Register an analysis of such  impact.
  "(c) SUSPENSION.—
      "(1)  ORDER.—If the Administrator determines that action  is neces-
    sary to prevent an imminent hazard  during the time  required for  can-
    cellation or  change  in  classification  proceedings  he  may,  by order,
    suspend  the  registration of the pesticide  immediately.  No  order of
    suspension may  be issued unless the Administrator has issued  or at the
    same time issues  notice of his intention to cancel the registration or
    change the classification of the pesticide.
       "Except as provided in paragraph (3), the Administrator shall notify
    the registrant prior to issuing any suspension  order.  Such notice  shall
    include findings pertaining  to  the question of 'imminent  hazard*.  The
     registrant shall then  have an opportunity, in accordance with the  pro-
    visions of paragraph (2), for an expedited hearing before the Agency
     on the question of whether an  imminent hazard exists.
       "(2) EXPEDITE  HEARING.—If  no request  for a hearing is submitted
     to the Agency within  five days of the registrant's receipt of the notifica-
     tion provided for  by paragraph  (1), the suspension order may be issued
    and shall take effect and shall not be  reviewable by a court. If  a hearing
     is requested, it  shall commence within  five  days of the  receipt of the
     request  for such  hearing  unless the registrant and the  Agency agree
     that  it shall commence at  a later time. The  hearing shall be held  in
     accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of title 5 of the United   80 Stat. 381;
     States Code,  except  that the  presiding officer need  not be  a certified   fifsc'sli*'
     hearing examiner. The  presiding  officer shall have ten days  from the
     conclusion  of the presentation  of evidence  to  submit recommended
     findings and  conclusions  to  the  Administrator,  who shall  then   have
     seven days to render  a  final order on  the issue  of suspension.
       "(3)  EMERGENCY  ORDER.—Whenever  the  Administrator determines
     that  an emergency exists that  does  not permit  him  to hold  a hearing
     before suspending, he may issue a suspension  order in advance of  noti-
     fication to the registrant. In that case,  paragraph (2)  shall apply except
     that  (i) the order of suspension shall  be in effect pending the expedi-
     tious completion  of  the remedies  provided  by that paragraph and the
     issuance of  a final order on suspension, and  (ii)  no party other  than
     the registrant and the Agency shall  participate  except that any person
     adversely  affected  may file  briefs  within  the  time allotted  by the
     Agency's rules. Any  person so filing briefs  shall be considered a party
     to such proceeding for the purpose  of section 16(b).
       "(4)  JUDICIAL  REVIEW.—A final order on the question of suspension
     following  a  hearing shall be reviewable in accordance with Section 16
     of this Act, notwithstanding  the  fact that  any  related  cancellation
     proceedings have not been completed.  Petitions to review orders on the
     issue of suspension shall be  advanced  on  the docket of the courts of
     appeals. Any order of suspension entered prior  to  a  hearing before the
     Administrator shall be  subject to immediate review in an action by the
     registrant or other  interested  person  with  the  concurrence of the
     registrant in an  appropriate  district court, solely  to  determine whether
     the  order of suspension was  arbitrary, capricious or an abuse  of dis-
     cretion, or whether the order was issued in accordance with  the proce-
     dures established by  law. The effect of any order of the court will be
     only to stay the effectiveness of the  suspension order,  pending  the
     Administrator's final decision with respect to cancellation or change in
      classification. This action  may be  maintained simultaneously with any
      administrative  review  proceeding under this section. The  commence-
      ment of proceedings under  this  paragraph shall  not operate as a stay
      of order, unless ordered by the court.
    "(d)  PUBLIC HEARINGS AND  SCIENTIFIC REVIEW.—In the event a hearing
 is requested pursuant to subsection (b)  or  determined upon by the Admin-
 istrator pursuant to  subsection (b),  such  hearing shall  be held after due
 notice for the purpose of receiving evidence relevant and material to  the
 issues  raised by  the  objections filed by the applicant or other  interested
 parties, or to the issues stated by the Administrator, if the hearing is called
 by the Administrator rather than by  the filing of objections. Upon a show-
 ing of relevance and  reasonable scope of evidence sought by any party to a
 public hearing, the Hearing Examiner shall issue a subpena to compel testi-  Subpena.
 mony or production of documents from  any person. The Hearing Examiner
 shall be  guided  by the principles of  the Federal Rules  of Civil  Procedure  28 use «pp.
 in making any order for the protection of the witness  or the  content of
 documents produced  and shall order  the  payment of reasonable fees and
 expenses as a  condition  to  requiring  testimony  of the witness. On contest,
 the subpena may be enforced by an appropriate United States district  court

                                             11

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           in accordance  with  the principles stated herein. Upon  the  request of any
           party to a public hearing and when in the Hearing  Examiner's judgment
           it is necessary  or desirable, the Hearing Examiner shall at any time before
           the hearing record is closed refer to a Committee of the National Academy
           of Sciences the relevant  questions of scientific fact involved  in the public
           hearing. No member of any committee of the National Academy of Sciences
           established to  carry out the functions of this section  shall  have a financial
           or other conflict of interest with respect to any matter considered  by such
  Report.   committee. The Committee  of  the National Academy of  Sciences  shall
           report in writing to the Hearing Examiner within 60 days after such referral
           on these questions of scientific fact. The report  shall be made public  and
           shall be considered as part of the  hearing record. The Administrator shall
            enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of  Sciences
           to assure  an  objective  and  competent scientific  review of  the questions
           presented to Committees of the Academy and to provide such other scientific
           advisory services as may  be required by the Administrator  for carrying out
           the  purposes of this Act. As soon as  practicable after completion of the
           hearing (including the report of the Academy)  but not later than  90 days
           thereafter, the Administrator shall  evaluate the data and reports before  him
           and issue an order either revoking  his notice of intention issued pursuant to
           this section, or shall issue an order either canceling the registration, chang-
           ing  the  classification, denying the  registration, or requiring  modification of
           the  labeling or packaging of  the article. Such order shall be based  only on
            substantial evidence of record of  such  hearing and shall set forth detailed
           findings of fact upon which the  order is based.
              "(e)  JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Final orders of  the  Administrator under  this
           section shall be subject to judicial  review  pursuant  to section  16.

           "SEC. 7. REGISTRATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS.
              "(a)  REQUIREMENT.—No person shall  produce any  pesticide  subject to
           this Act in any State unless the establishment  in  which it  is produced is
           registered  with the Administrator.  The application for registration of  any
           establishment  shall  include the name and address of  the establishment  and
           of the producer who operates such establishment.
              "(b)  REGISTRATION.—Whenever  the Administrator receives an application
            under subsection (a), he shall register the establishment and assign it an
            establishment  number.
              "(c) INFORMATION REQUIRED.—
                   "(1) Any producer operating an establishment registered under  this
                section shall inform the Administrator within  30 days  after it is regis-
                tered of the  types and amounts of pesticides—
                       "(A) which he is currently producing;
                       "(B) which he has produced during the past year; and
                       "(C) which he has sold or distributed during the  past year.
                The information required by  this paragraph shall  be kept  current and
                submitted to the Administrator annually as required under such regu-
                lations as the Administrator may prescribe.
                   "(2) Any such producer  shall, upon the request  of the Administrator
                 for the  purpose of issuing a  stop  sale order pursuant  to  section 13,
                 inform him  of the name and  address of any recipient of any pesticide
                 produced in any registered establishment which  he operates.
              "(d) CONFIDENTIAL RECORDS AND  INFORMATION.—Any  information sub-
             mitted  to the Administrator pursuant  to subsection  (c) shall be considered
             confidential and shall be subject to the provisions of section  10.
             "SEC. 8. BOOKS AND RECORDS.
Regulations.    "(a)  REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator  may  prescribe  regulations re-
             quiring producers to maintain such records with respect to their operations
             and the pesticides and devices produced as he determines  are necessary for
             the effective enforcement  of this  Act.  No records required under this sub-
             section shall  extend to financial data, sales data other than  shipment  data,
             pricing data,  personnel data, and  research data (other  than data relating  to
             registered pesticides or to a pesticide  for which an application for registra-
             tion has been filed).
               "(b) INSPECTION.—For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this
             Act,  any producer,  distributor, carrier,  dealer, or  any other person  who
             sells or offers for sale, delivers or offers for delivery  any pesticide  or device
             subject to this Act, shall, upon request  of  any officer or  employee of the
             Environmental Protection Agency or of any State or political subdivision,
             duly designated by the Administrator,  furnish or permit such person at all
             reasonable times to have  access to, and to copy: (1)  all  records showing
             the delivery,  movement, or holding of such pesticide or device,  including
             the quantity, the date of shipment and receipt, and the name of the con-
             signor and consignee; or (2) in the event of the inability of any person  to

                                    12

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produce records containing such information, all other records and informa-
tion relating to such  delivery,  movement, or  holding  of  the pesticide or
device. Any inspection with respect to any records and information referred
to in this subsection shall not extend  to financial data, sales data other than
shipment data, pricing data,  personnel data, and  research data (other than
data relating to registered pesticides or to a pesticide for which an applica-
tion for registration has been filed).

"SEC. 9. INSPECTION OF ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act,
officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator are authorized
to enter at reasonable times, any establishment or other place where pesti-
cides or devices are held for distribution or sale for the purpose of inspecting
and obtaining samples of any pesticides or devices,  packaged, labeled, and
released for shipment, and samples of any containers  or  labeling for such
pesticides or devices.
  Before undertaking such inspection, the officers or employees must  present
to the  owner, operator,  or  agent  in  charge of  the  establishment or  other
place where pesticides or devices are held for distribution or sale, appropriate
credentials and  a written statement  as to  the  reason  for the inspection,
including a statement as  to whether a violation of the law is suspected.  If no
violation is  suspected, an alternate and sufficient  reason  shall be given in
writing. Each such  inspection  shall  be  commenced and  completed  with
reasonable promptness. If the officer or employee obtains any samples,  prior
to leaving  the  premises, he  shall  give to the owner, operator, or agent in
charge a receipt describing the samples obtained and, if requested,  a  portion
of each such sample  equal in volume or weight to the  portion retained. If
an  analysis  is made of such  samples, a copy of the results of such analysis
shall be furnished promptly to the owner, operator, or  agent  in charge.
  "(b)  WARRANTS.— For purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act
and upon a  showing to  an officer or court of competent  jurisdiction that
there is reason to  believe that the  provisions of this Act have  been violated,
officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator are empowered
to obtain and to execute  warrants authorizing—
       "(1) entry for the purpose of  this section;
       "(2)  inspection and reproduction of  all records showing the quantity,
    date of shipment, and  the name of  consignor and  consignee  of any
    pesticide  or device  found  in  the establishment which  is adulterated,
    misbranded. not registered  (in the  case of a pesticide) or otherwise  in
    violation of this  Act and in the  event  of the inability  of  any  person  to
    produce records containing such  information, all  other records and
    information  relating to  such  delivery, movement,  or holding of the
    pesticide or device; and
       "(3) the seizure  of any  pesticide or device which  is  in violation  of
     this Act.
  "(c) ENFORCEMENT.—
       "(1) CERTIFICATION OF FACTS  TO  ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The examina-
    tion of pesticides or devices shall be made in the Environmental Protec-
    tion Agency  or elsewhere as the Administrator may  designate for the
    purpose of determining from  such examinations whether they comply
    with  the requirements of this Act. If it shall appear from  any such
    examination that they fail to  comply with the requirements of this Act,
     the Administrator shall cause notice to be  given to the  person against
    whom  criminal or civil  proceedings are  contemplated.  Any  person  so
     notified shall be given an opportunity to present his views, either  orally
    or in  writing, with  regard to such contemplated  proceedings, and  if
     in  the  opinion  of the  Administrator it appears that  the provisions  of
     this Act have been violated by such  person,  then the  Administrator
     shall certify  the  facts  to  the Attorney General,  with  a copy of the
     results of the analysis  or  the examination of such  pesticide  for the
     institution of a criminal proceeding pursuant to section 14(b) or  a civil
     proceeding under  section  14(a),  when the  Administrator  determines
     that such action will be sufficient to effectuate the purposes of this Act.
       "(2)  NOTICE NOT REQUIRED.—The  notice of contemplated proceed-
     ings and opportunity to present  views set forth in this  subsection are
     not prerequisites  to  the  institution of any proceeding by the Attorney
     General.
       "(3)  WARNING NOTICES.—Nothing in this  Act  shall be construed  as
     requiring the Administrator to institute proceedings  for  prosecution  of
     minor  violations of this Act  whenever  he believes that  the  public
     interest will be  adequately  served  by  a suitable  written  notice   of
     warning.

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"SEC. 10. PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER INFOR-
           MATION.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—In submitting data required by this Act, the applicant
may (1)  clearly mark any portions thereof which in  his opinion are trade
secrets or commercial or financial information and (2) submit such marked
material  separately from other material required to be submitted under this
Act.
  "(b) DISCLOSURE.—Notwithstanding any other provision  of  this Act,  the
Administrator shall  not make public information which in his judgment
contains  or relates to trade secrets or commercial or financial information
obtained  from  a person and  privileged or  confidential, except that, when
necessary to  carry out  the provisions of  this Act, information  relating  to
formulas of products acquired by authorization of this Act  may be revealed
to any Federal agency  consulted and  may be revealed at a public hearing
or in findings of fact issued by the Administrator.
  "(c) DISPUTES.—If the  Administrator proposes to  release for  inspection
information which the applicant or registrant believes to  be protected from
disclosure under subsection (b),  he shall notify the applicant  or  registrant,
in writing, by certified  mail. The Administrator shall not  thereafter make
available for  inspection  such data until thirty days after receipt of the notice
by the applicant or registrant.  During this period, the applicant or registrant
may institute an action in an appropriate district court for a declaratory
judgment as  to whether  such information is subject to protection under
subsection (b).

"SEC. 11. STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO  PESTICIDE APPLICATORS.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—No regulations prescribed  by  the  Administrator  for
carrying  out  the provisions of this Act shall require  any private  applicator
to maintain any records or file any reports or other  documents.
  "(b)  SEPARATE  STANDARDS.—When establishing or approving standards
for  licensing  or certification, the  Administrator shall  establish separate
standards for commercial and  private applicators.

"SEC. 12. UNLAWFUL ACTS.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—
       "(1) Except as provided by subsection  (b), it  shall  be unlawful  for
     any person in any  State to distribute, sell, offer  for sale, hold for sale,
     ship, deliver for shipment, or receive and (having so received)  deliver
     or offer  to deliver,  to any person—
           "(A)  any  pesticide which is  not registered  under  section  3,
         except as provided by section 6 (a) (1);
           "(B)  any registered  pesticide  if  any  claims  made for  it as a
         part of its distribution or sale substantially  differ  from any claims
         made for it as a part of  the statement required  in connection with
         its registration under section 3;
           "(C)  any registered pesticide the composition  of which differs
         at  the time of  its  distribution  or  sale from its  composition  as
         described in the statement required in connection  with its registra-
         tion under section 3;
           "(D) any  pesticide which has  not been  colored  or discolored
         pursuant to the  provisions of section 25 (c) (5);
           "(E) any pesticide which is adulterated or misbranded; or
           "(F) any device which is misbranded.
       "(2) It shall be unlawful for any person—
           "(A)  to detach, alter, deface, or destroy, in whole or in part,
         any labeling required under this Act;
           "(B) to refuse to  keep any records  required pursuant to section
         8, or to  refuse to allow  the inspection of any records or establish-
         ment pursuant to section  8 or 9, or to refuse  to  allow an officer
         or  employee of the Environmental Protection  Agency to take a
         sample  of any pesticide pursuant to section 9;
           "(C) to give a guaranty or  undertaking provided  for  in sub-
         section (b)  which is false in any particular, except  that a person
         who receives  and relies  upon a guaranty  authorized  under sub-
         section (b) may give a guaranty to the same effect, which guaranty
         shall contain,  in addition to his own name  and address, the name
         and address of the person residing in the United States from whom
         he  received the  guaranty or undertaking;
           "(D)  to use for his own advantage or to reveal,  other  than to
         the Administrator, or officials or employees of  the Environmental
         Protection Agency or other Federal executive  agencies, or to  the
         courts, or to  physicians,  pharmacists,  and other qualified persons,
         needing  such  information for the performance of their duties, in
         accordance  with such  directions  as the Administrator may  pre-

                         14

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        scribe,  any information acquired  by authority of  this Act which
        is confidential under this Act;
          "(E)  who is a registrant, wholesaler, dealer,  retailer, or  other
        distributor  to  advertise a  produce  registered under this Act  for
        restricted  use  without  giving the  classification  of  the product
        assigned to it under section 3;
          "(F)  to  make available  for use, or to use, any  registered  pesti-
        cide classified for restricted use for some or all purposes other than
        in accordance  with section 3(d) and any regulations thereunder;
          "(G) to use any  registered pesticide in a manner  inconsistent
        with its labeling;
          "(H) to use any pesticide which is  under an experimental  use
        permit contrary to the provisions of such permit;
          "(I) to violate any order issued under section 13;
          "(J)  to  violate  any suspension  order issued under section 6;
          "(K) to violate any  cancellation of registration of a pesticide
        under section 6, except  as  provided by section 6(a)(l);
          "(L)  who is  a producer to violate any of  the provisions of
        section 7;
          "(M)  to knowingly falsify  all  or parf  of  any  application  for
        registration, application for experimental  use permit, any informa-
        tion submitted to the Administrator pursuant to  section 7,  any
        records required to be maintained  pursuant to section 8, any report
        filed under this Act, or any information marked as confidential  and
        submitted to the Administrator under any  provision of this act;
          "(N) who is  a  registrant, wholesaler,  dealer, retailer, or  other
        distributor to  fail  to  file reports required by this Act;
          "(O) to add any substance to,  or take any substance  from,  any
        pesticide in a manner that may defeat  the  purpose of this Act; or
          "(P)  to  use any pesticide in  tests on human beings unless such
        human  beings (i)  are fully  informed of the nature and purposes
        of the test and of any physical  and  mental health consequences
        which are  reasonably foreseeable  therefrom, and  (ii) freely volun-
        teer to participate  in the test.
  "(b) EXEMPTIONS.—The  penalties provided for  a violation of  paragraph
(1) of subsection (a) shall not apply to—
      "(1) any person who establishes a guaranty signed by, and containing
    the name and address of, the registrant or person residing in the United
    States from whom he purchased or received in  good  faith the pesticide
    in the same unbroken package, to the effect  that  the pesticide  was
    lawfully registered at the  time  of sale  and  delivery to him, and that it
    complies with the  other requirements  of this Act, and  in such case the
    guarantor shall be  subject to the penalties which would  otherwise attach
    to the person holding the guaranty under the provisions of this Act;
      "(2)  any carrier while  lawfully shipping, transporting, or delivering
    for shipment any  pesticide or  device,  if such  carrier upon request of
    any officer or employee duly designated  by  the Administrator shall  per-
    mit such officer or employee to copy all of its  records  concerning such
    pesticide or device;
      "(3)  any public official  while engaged  in  the  performance of his
    official duties;
      "(4)  any person using  or possessing any pesticide  as provided  by an
    experimental use permit  in effect with respect to  such pesticide  and
    such use or possession; or
      "(5)  any person  who  ships  a substance or  mixture of  substances
    being put through tests in which the  purpose  is only  to determine its
    value  for  pesticide  purposes  or to  determine its  toxicity or  other
    properties and  from which the  user  does  not  expect  to  receive  any
    benefit in pest control from its use.

"SEC. 13. STOP SALE, USE,  REMOVAL, AND SEIZURE.
  "(a)  STOP SALE,  ETC.,  ORDERS.—Whenever  any pesticide or device is
found by  the Administrator in any State and there is reason to  believe on
the basis of inspection or tests that such pesticide or device is in violation
of any of the provisions of this Act, or that such pesticide or device  has
been or is intended to  be distributed or sold in  violation of  any such  provi-
sions, or when the registration of the pesticide has  been canceled by a final
order or  has been suspended, the Administrator  may  issue  a written or
printed 'stop sale, use,  or removal'  order to any person who owns, controls,
or has custody of such pesticide or device, and after receipt of such  order
no person shall sell, use, or remove the pesticide or device  described in the
order except in accordance with  the provisions of the order.
  "(b)  SEIZURE.—Any pesticide or  device that  is being  transported   or,
having been transported, remains unsold or in original unbroken packages,

                                            15

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or that is sold or offered for sale in any State, or that is imported from a
foreign country,  shall be liable to be proceeded against in any district court
in the district where it is found and seized for confiscation by a process in
rem for condemnation if—
       "(1) in the case of a pesticide—
           "(A)  it is adulterated or misbranded;
           "(B)  it is not registered pursuant to the provisions of section 3;
           "(C)  its labeling fails to bear the information required by this
         Act;
           "(D)  it is  not colored or discolored and such coloring or dis-
         coloring is required under this Act; or
           "(E)  any of the claims made for it or  any of the  directions  for
         its use differ in substance from  the representations made in connec-
         tion with its registration;
       "(2) in the case of a device, it is misbranded; or
       "(3) in the  case of  a pesticide or device, when used in accordance
     with the requirements  imposed under this Act and  as directed by  the
     labeling,  it  nevertheless causes unreasonable  adverse  effects on  the
     environment. In the case  of a plant  regulator, defoliant, or desiccant,
     used in accordance with the  label claims and recommendations, physical
     or physiological effects on plants or parts thereof shall not be deemed
     to be  injury, when such effects are  the  purpose for which the plant
     regulator, defoliant, or desiccant was  applied.
  "(c) DISPOSITION  AFTER  CONDEMNATION.—If the pesticide  or device is
condemned it shall, after entry of the decree,  be disposed of by destruction
or sale as the court may direct  and the proceeds, if sold, less the court costs,
shall be  paid into the Treasury  of  the  United States, but the pesticide or
device shall not be sold contrary  to the provisions of this Act or the laws of
the jurisdiction in  which it is sold:  Provided, That upon payment of the
costs of  the condemnation  proceedings  and the execution and delivery of
a good and sufficient bond conditioned that the pesticide  or device shall not
be sold or otherwise disposed of contrary to the provisions of the Act or the
laws of any jurisdiction in which sold, the court may direct that such pesti-
cide or device be delivered to  the owner  thereof.  The proceedings  of  such
condemnation cases shall conform, as near as  may be to the proceedings in
admiralty,  except that either party  may demand trial  by jury  of any  issue
of fact joined in any case,  and all such  proceedings shall be at the suit of
and in the name of the United States.
  "(d) COURT COSTS,  ETC.—When a decree  of condemnation is  entered
against the pesticide or device,  court costs  and  fees, storage, and  other
proper expenses shall be awarded against  the person, if any,  intervening as
claimant of the pesticide or  device.

"SEC. 14. PENALTIES.
  " (a) CIVIL PENALTIES.—
       "(1) IN GENERAL.—Any  registrant, commercial  applicator, whole-
    saler,  dealer, retailer, or other distributor who violates any provision
    of this Act may be assessed a civil penalty by the Administrator of not
     more than $5,000 for each  offense.
       "(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any  private applicator or other person
     not  included in paragraph (1)  who violates any provision of this Act
     subsequent to receiving a  written warning from the Administrator  or
     following a citation for a prior violation, may be assessed a civil penalty
     by the Administrator of not more than $1,000 for each  offense.
       "(3) HEARING.—No  civil penalty  shall be assessed unless the person
     charged shall have been given notice  and  opportunity for a hearing  on
     such charge  in the county, parish, or  incorporated city of the residence
     of the  person charged. In determining the amount of the penalty the
     Administrator shall consider the appropriateness of such penalty to the
     size of the business of the person charged, the effect on  the person's
     ability  to continue in business, and  the gravity of the violation.
       "(4) REFERENCES  TO ATTORNEY  GENERAL.—In case  of inability  to
     collect such  civil  penalty or failure of any person to pay all,  or  such
     portion of such civil penalty as the Administrator may determine, the
     Administrator shall refer the matter to the Attorney General, who shall
     recover such amount by action  in the appropriate United States district
     court.
  "(b) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.—
       "(1) IN  GENERAL.—Any  registrant, commercial  applicator,  whole-
     saler,  dealer, retailer, or other distributor who knowingly violates any
     provision of this  Act shall  be  guilty of a misdemeanor  and shall  on
     conviction be fined not more than $25,000, or  imprisoned  for not more
     than one .year, or both.
       "(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any  private applicator or  other person

                         16

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    not included in paragraph  (1)  who  knowingly violates any provision
    of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor  and shall on conviction be
    fined  not more than $1,000, or imprisoned for not more than 30 days,
    or both.
      "(3) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—Any person,, who, with intent  to
    defraud, uses or reveals information relative to formulas  of  products
    acquired under the authority of section 3, shall  be fined not more than
    $10,000,  or imprisoned for not more than three years,  or  both.
      "(4)  ACTS OF OFFICERS,  AGENTS,  ETC.—When  construing  and enforc-
    ing the provisions  of this Act,  the  act, omission, or  failure of any
    officer, agent, or other person acting for  or employed  by any  person
    shall  in every case be also deemed to be the  act, omission, or failure  of
    such  person as well  as that of the  person employed.

"SEC. 15. INDEMNITIES.
  "(a) REQUIREMENT.—If—
      "(1)  the Administrator notifies  a  registrant  that  he has suspended
    the registration of  a pesticide because  such  action is necessary  to pre-
    vent an imminent hazard:
      "(2) the registration of the pesticide is canceled as a result of a final
    determination  that  the use of such  pesticide will  create an imminent
    hazard; and
       "(3) any person  who owned any quantity of such pesticide immedi-
    ately before  the notice to the registrant under  paragraph  (1) suffered
    losses by reason of suspension or cancellation of the registration,
the Administrator shall make an indemnity payment to such person, unless
the Administrator finds that such  person  (i) had knowledge of  facts which,
in themselves,  would  have shown  that  such  pesticide did not meet  the
requirements of section  3(c)(5)  for  registration, and (ii) continued there-
after  to produce such pesticide without  giving timely notice of such facts to
the Administrator.
  "(b) AMOUNT 01 PAYMENT.—
       "(1) IN GENERAL.—The amount  of  the  indemnity  payment under
    subsection (a) to any person shall be determined on  the  basis of the
    cost  of the  pesticide owned by such  person  immediately before  the
    notice to the registrant  referred to  in subsection  (a)(l); except that
    in no event shall an indemnity payment to  any person  exceed the fair
    market value of the pesticide owned by such person immediately before
    the notice  referred to in subsection  (a)(l).
      "(2)  SPECIAL RULE.—Notwithstanding any  other  provision  of this
    Act,  the Administrator may provide a reasonable time for  use or other
    disposal of such pesticide.  In determining the quantity of  any pesticide
    for which  indemnity shall be  paid under this subsection, proper  adjust-
    ment shall be made for any pesticide used or otherwise disposed of  by
    such owner.

"SEC. 16. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE; JUDICIAL REVIEW.
  "(a) DISTRICT COURT  REVIEW.—Except as is  otherwise provided  in this
Act,  Agency refusals to  cancel or suspend registrations or change classifica-
tions  not following  a hearing and  other final Agency actions not committed
to Agency discretion by  law are  judicially reviewable in the district  courts.
  "(b) REVIEW BY COURT OF APPEALS.—In  the  case of actual controversy
as tojhe validity of any order issued by  the Administrator following a public
hearing, any person who will  be adversely affected by such  order  and who
had been  a party to the  proceedings may obtain  judicial review by filing in
the United  States  court of  appeals  for  the circuit wherein   such  person
resides or has  a place of business, within 60 days after  the entry of such
order, a petition praying that  the  order be set aside in  whole or in part.  A
copy  of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the  clerk  of the court
to the Administrator or any officer designated by him for that  purpose, and
thereupon the  Administrator shall file  in the court the record of the pro-
ceedings on which he based his order, as provided in section 2112 of title 28,
United States Code. Upon the filing of such petition the court shall have    72 stat. 9«:
exclusive jurisdiction to affirm or set aside the order  complained of in whole    80 stat-1323-
or in  part. The court  shall consider all evidence of record. The  order  of
the Administrator shall be sustained if it is supported by substantial evidence
when  considered on the record as a whole. The judgment of the court affirm-
ing or setting aside, in whole or  in part,  any order  under this section shall
be final, subject to  review by the Supreme Court of  the United States upon
certiorari  or  certification as provided  in  section 1254  of title 28  of the    62 stat. 9Z8.
United States Code. The commencement  of proceedings  under this  section
shall  not,  unless specifically ordered by the court to the contrary, operate
as a stay of an order. The court shall advance on the docket  and expedite
the  disposition  of all cases filed therein pursuant to this section.

                                            17

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 P.L. 94-140
 89 Stat. 754
Regulations.
80 Stat. 944.
74 Stat. 808;
79 Stat. 286.
72 Stat. 775;
85 Stat. 481.
Contract
authority.
  "(c) JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS.—The district courts of the United
States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and
restrain violations of, this Act.
  "(d) NOTICE OF JUDGMENTS.—The Administrator shall, by publication  in
such manner as he may prescribe, give notice of all judgments entered  in
actions instituted under the authority of this Act.

"SEC. 17. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
  "(a)  PESTICIDES  AND DEVICES INTENDED  FOR  EXPORT.—Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Act, no pesticide or  device shall be deemed  in
violation of this Act when intended solely for export to any foreign country
and prepared or packed according to the specifications or directions of the
foreign purchaser, except that producers of such pesticides and devices shall
be subject to section 8 of this Act.
  (b) CANCELLATION  NOTICES  FURNISHED   TO  FOREIGN  GOVERNMENTS.—
Whenever a registration, or a cancellation or suspension of the registration
of a pesticide becomes effective, or ceases to be effective,  the Administrator
shall transmit  through the State Department notification thereof to the
governments of other  countries and to appropriate international agencies.
  "(c)  IMPORTATION  OF PESTICIDES AND  DEVICES.—The  Secretary  of the
Treasury shall  notify  the  Administrator  of the  arrival  of pesticides  and
devices and shall deliver to the Administrator,  upon his request, samples  of
pesticides or devices which are being imported into the United States, giving
notice to the owner or consignee, who may appear before  the Administrator
and have the right to introduce testimony. If it appears from the examina-
tion of a sample  that it is adulterated, or misbranded or otherwise violates
the provisions  set forth in this  Act, or is otherwise  injurious to  health  or
the envhonment, the pesticide or device may be  refused admission, and the
Secretary of the  Treasury shall refuse  delivery to the consignee  and shall
cause the destruction of any  pesticide or device refused delivery which shall
not be exported by the consignee within 90 days from the date  of  notice
of such refusal under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may
prescribe: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may dejiver to the
consignee such pesticide or device pending examination and decision in the
matter on  execution of bond for the  amount  of the full invoice value  of
such pesticide  or device, together with the duty  thereon, and on  refusal  to
return such pesticide or device for any cause to the custody of the Secretary
of the Treasury, when demanded, for  the purpose of excluding them from
the country, or for any other purpose, said consignee  shall forfeit the full
amount of said bond:  And provided further, That all charges for storage,
cartage, and labor on  pesticides or devices  which are refused admission  or
delivery shall be  paid  by the owner or  consignee, and in  default of such
payment shall constitute a lien against any future importation made by such
owner or consignee.
  "(d) COOPERATION IN INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS.—The Administrator shall,
in cooperation with the Department of  State and any  other  appropriate
Federal agency, participate and cooperate  in  any international  efforts  to
develop improved  pesticide research and regulations.
  "(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the Treasury,  in consultation with
the Administrator, shall prescribe regulations for the enforcement of sub-
section (c) of this section.

"SEC. 18. EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.
  "The Administrator may, at his discretion, exempt any Federal or State
agency from any  provision of  this Act  if he determines  that emergency
conditions exist which require such exemption.
  "The Administrator, in determining  whether or not  such emergency
conditions  exist,  shall consult with the Secretary of Agriculture and the
Governor of any State concerned if they request such  determination."

"SEC. 19. DISPOSAL AND TRANSPORTATION.
  "(a)  PROCEDURES.—The  Administrator  shall,  after consultation  with
other interested Federal  agencies, establish procedures and regulations for
the disposal or storage of packages and containers of pesticides and for
disposal or storage of excess  amounts of such pesticides, and accept at con-
venient  locations for safe disposal a pesticide  the registration of which is
canceled under section 6(c) if requested by  the owner  of the pesticide.
  " (b) ADVICE TO SECRETARY  OF TRANSPORTATION.—The Administrator shall
provide advice  and assistance to  the Secretary of Transportation with respect
to his functions relating to the transportation of hazardous materials under
the Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1657), the Transportation
of Explosives  Act  (18 U.S.C. 831-835), the Federal Aviation Act of 1958
(49 U.S.C.  1421-1430, 1472 II), and the  Hazardous  Cargo Act (46 U.S.C.
170, 375, 416).
                                      18

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"SEC. 20. RESEARCH AND MONITORING.
  "(a) RESEARCH.—The Administrator shall undertake research,  including
research by grant or contract with other Federal agencies, universities, or
others as may be necessary  to carry out the purposes of this Act,  and he
shall give priority to research to develop biologically integrated  alternatives
for pest control. The Administrator shall also take care to insure that such
research does not duplicate research being undertaken by any other Federal
agency.
  "(b) NATIONAL MONITORING PLAN.—The Administrator  shall formulate
and periodically revise, in cooperation with other Federal, State, or local
agencies,  a national plan  for monitoring pesticides.
  "(c) MONITORING.—The Administrator shall undertake such monitoring
activities, including  but not  limited to monitoring in  air, soil,  water, man,
plants, and animals,  as may be necessary for the implementation of this Act
and of the national pesticide  monitoring plan. Such activities shall be carried
out in cooperation with other Federal, State, and local agencies.

"SEC.  21. SOLICITATION OF  COMMENTS; NOTICE OF  PUBLIC
            HEARINGS.
  "(a) The Administrator,  before publishing  regulations under  this Act,
shall solicit the views of the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with
the procedure described in section 25(a).
  "(b) In addition  to any other authority  relating to public hearings and
solicitation of views, in connection with the suspension or cancellation of a
pesticide registration or any other  actions authorized under  this Act, the
Administrator may,  at his discretion, solicit the views  of  all interested per-
sons, either  orally  or  in  writing,  and seek  such advice  from scientists,
farmers, farm organizations, and other qualified persons as he deems proper.
  "(c) In  connection with all public hearings under this  Act the  Adminis-
trator shall publish  timely notice of such hearings in  the Federal  Register.

"SEC. 22.  DELEGATION AND COOPERATION.
  "(a) DELEGATION.—All authority vested in  the Administrator by virtue
of the provisions of  this Act may with like force and effect be  executed by
such employees of the  Environmental Protection Agency as the Adminis-
trator may designate for the purpose.
  "(b) COOPERATION.—The Administrator shall cooperate with the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, any other Federal agency, and any appropriate  agency
of any State or any  political subdivision thereof, in carrying out the provi-
sions of this Act, and in securing uniformity of regulations.

"SEC. 23. STATE COOPERATION, AID, AND TRAINING.
  "(a)  COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS.—The  Administrator  is authorized  to
enter into  cooperative agreements with States—
       "(1) to delegate  to  any  State the authority  to  cooperate  in the
     enforcement of  the Act through  the  use of its personnel or facilities,
     to train personnel of the State to cooperate in the enforcement  of this
     Act,  and  to assist  States  in  implementing cooperative  enforcement
     programs through grants-in-aid; and
       "(2) to assist  State agencies in developing and administering  State
    programs for training and  certification of applicators  consistent with
     the standards which he prescribes.
  "(b) CONTRACTS FOR TRAINING.—In addition, the Administrator is author-
ized to enter into contracts with  Federaf or State agencies for  the purpose
of encouraging the  training  of certified applicators.
  "(c) The Administrator may, in  cooperation with the Secretary of Agri-
culture, utilize the services of the Cooperative State Extension  Services for
informing  farmers of accepted  uses and other regulations  made  pursuant
to this Act.

"SEC. 24. AUTHORITY OF STATES.
  "(a) A  State may regulate the sale or use of any pesticide or device in
the State, but only if and to the extent the regulation  does  not  permit any
sale or use prohibited by this  Act;
  "(b)  such  State shall not  impose or continue in effect  any requirements
for  labeling and packaging in addition to or different  from those required
pursuant to this Act; and
  "(c) a State may provide registration for pesticides formulated for distri-
bution and use within that State  to meet  special local  needs if that State is
certified by the Administrator as capable  of  exercising  adequate controls to
assure  that such registration will be in accord with the  purposes  of this Act
and if  registration for such use has  not previously been denied, disapproved,
or canceled by the Administrator. Such registration shall be deemed regis-
tration  under section 3 for  all purposes  of this Act, but  shall authorize

                                             19
P.L. 94-140
WStet. IS*.
PnblicKtlon
in Federal
Register.

-------
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stmt. 751.
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stmt. 752
Publications in
Federal Register.
Publications in
Federal Register.
     P.L. 94-140
     89 Stat. 753
    84 Stat. 1670.
    15 USC 1471
    note.
distribution and use only within such  State and  shall not be effective for
more than 90 days if disapproved by the Administrator within that period.

"SEC. 25. AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATOR.
  "(a)  (1) REGULATIONS.—The Administrator  is authorized  in accordance
with the procedure described in paragraph (2), to prescribe  regulations to
carry out  the provisions  of this  Act.  Such  regulations shall  take into
account  the difference in  concept  and  usage  between  various  classes  of
pesticides.
      (2) PROCEDURE.	
          "(A) PROPOSED REGULATIONS.—At least 60 days prior to signing
        any  proposed  regulation for publication in  the Federal Register,
        the Administrator shall provide the Secretary of Agriculture with
        a copy of such regulation.  If  the Secretary comments in writing
        to the Administrator regarding any such  regulation within 30 days
        after receiving it, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal
        Register  (with  the proposed  regulation) the comments  of the
        Secretary and  the  response of the Administrator with  regard  to
        the Secretary's comments. If  the Secretary  does not comment  in
        writing to the Administrator  regarding  the  regulation within 30
        days after receiving it, the Administrator may sign such regulation
        for publication in  the Federal  Register any time after such 30-day
        period notwithstanding the foregoing 60-day  time requirement.
          "(B) FINAL REGULATIONS.—At least 30 days prior to signing any
        regulation in final form for publication  in the Federal Register, the
        Administrator  shall provide  the Secretary  of Agriculture with a
        copy of such regulation. If the Secretary comments in writing  to
        the  Administrator  regarding any such final  regulation within  15
        days  after receiving it, the  Administrator  shall publish in the
        Federal Register (with  the  final regulation)  the comments of the
        Secretary, if requested by the  Secretary, and the response of the
        Administrator  concerning the  Secretary's comments. If the Secre-
        tary does not  comment in writing to the Administrator  regarding
        the regulation  within 15 days  after receiving it, the  Administrator
        may sign such regulation for  publication in the Federal Register
         at any time after  such 15-day  period notwithstanding the foregoing
        30-day time requirement.
           "(C) TIME  REQUIREMENTS.—The time requirements imposed  by
        subparagraphs  (A)  and (B)   may be  waived or  modified to the
        extent agreed upon by  the  Administrator and the Secretary.
           " (D) PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.—The  Administrator
        shall,  simultaneously with  any  notification  to the Secretary  of
        Agriculture under this paragraph prior to  the issuance  of any
        proposed  or  final regulation, publish such notification  in the
        Federal Register.".
      "(3)  CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—At such time as the  Administra-
    tor is required under  paragraph (2) of this  subsection to  provide  the
    Secretary of  Agriculture with a copy of proposed  regulations and  a
    copy of  the final form of regulations, he  shall also furnish a copy  of
    such regulations to the  Committee  on Agriculture  of  the  House  of
    Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry of the
    Senate."
  "(b)  EXEMPTION  OF PESTICIDES.—The  Administrator may exempt from
the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which he determines
either (1)  to be adequately regulated by  another Federal agency, or (2) to
be of a character  which is unnecessary  to be subject  to this Act in order to
carry out the purposes of this  Act.
   "(c) OTHER AUTHORITY.—The Administrator, after notice and oppor-
tunity for hearing, is authorized—
       "(1) to declare  a pest any form of plant or animal life (other than
     man and other than bacteria, virus,  and other  micro-organisms  on or
     in living man or other living animals) which is  injurious  to health or
     the environment:
       "(2)  to determine  any pesticide  which contains  any substance  or
     substances in quantities highly toxic to man;
       "(3)  to  establish  standards  (which shall be  consistent with  those
     established under  the authority of  the  Poison  Prevention  Packaging
     Act (Public Law 91-601)) with respect to the  package, container, or
     wrapping in which a pesticide or device is enclosed for use or consump-
     tion, in order to protect children and adults from serious injury or illness
     resulting from accidental ingestion or contact with pesticides or devices
     regulated by this Act as well as  to accomplish  the  other purposes of
     this Act;
       "(4) to specify those classes of  devices which shall be subject to any

                          20

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    provision of paragraph 2(q) (1) or section 7 of this Act upon his deter-
    mination that application of such provision is necessary to effectuate
    the purposes of this Act;
      "(5)  to prescribe  regulations requiring  any pesticide to be colored
    or discolored if he determines that such requirement is feasible and is
    necessary for  the protection of health and the environment;  and
      "(6)  to determine and establish suitable names  to  be used in  the
    ingredient statement.
  "(d)  SCIENTIFIC  ADVISORY PANEL.—The Administrator shall submit to an
advisory panel for  comment as to the impact on health and the environment
of the action proposed in notices of  intent issued  under section 6(b)  and
of the proposed and final  form of regulations  issued under  section 25 (a)
within the same time periods  as provided for the comments of the Secretary
of Agriculture under such sections. The  time  requirements for notices of
intent and proposed and  final forms of regulation  may not be  modified or
waived  unless in addition to meeting the requirements of section  6(b) or
25(a),  as applicable, the  advisory panel  has  failed  to  comment  on  the
proposed action within the  prescribed  time period or  has  agreed to  the
modification  or  waiver.  The comments  of the  advisory  panel  and  the
response of the Administrator shall be published in the Federal Register in
the same manner as provided for publication of the comments of the Secre-
tary of Agriculture under such sections. The panel referred  to  in this  sub-
section shall consist of seven  members appointed by the Administrator from
a list of 12  nominees, six nominated  by the National Institutes of  Health,
and six by the National Science Foundation. The Administrator may require
such  information  from the  nominees to  the advisory panel as he  deems
necessary, and he  shall publish in the Federal Register  the name, address,
and professional affiliations of each nominee.  Each  member of the panel
shall  receive per diem compensation  at a rate not in excess of that fixed
for GS-18 of the General Schedule as may be determined by the Adminis-
trator, except that any such member who holds another office or position
under the Federal Government the compensation  for which exceeds  such
rate may elect to  receive compensation at the  rate provided for such other
office or position in lieu of  the compensation  provided  by this subsection.
In  order to  assure the objectivity of the advisory panel, the  Administrator
shall  promulgate regulations regarding  conflicts of interest with respect to
the members of the panel.".

"SEC. 26. SEVER ABILITY.
   "If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or
circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions
or  applications of  this Act which can be given effect without regard to the
invalid provision or application,  and  to this end the  provisions of  this Act
are severable.

"SEC. 27. AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS.
   "There is  authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary
to  carry out the  provisions of  this Act for each of the fiscal years ending
June 30, 1973, June 30,  1974, and June 30, 1975.  The amounts authorized
to  be appropriated for any fiscal year ending after June 30,  1975, shall be
the sums hereafter provided by law."
   "There are hereby authorized  to be appropriated to carry out the provi-
sions of this Act  for  the period beginning October  1,  1975,  and ending
September  30,  1976, the sum of  $47,868,000,  and for the  period beginning
October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, the  sum of $23,600,000."
P.L. 94-140
89 SUt. 753
7 USC 1S64
7 USC 136w.
Publication in
Federal Register.
Memben.
Publication in
Federal Register.
Compensation.
5 USC 5332
note.

P.I.. 94-140
89 SUI. 754


Regulations.
P.L. 94-140
89 Stat. 752
                       AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS

   SEC. 3. The following Acts are  amended by striking out the terms "eco-
 nomic poisons" and "an economic poison" wherever they appear and insert-
 ing in lieu thereof "pesticides" and  "a  pesticide" respectively:

       (1)  The Federal Hazardous Substances Act, as amended  (15  U.S.C.
     1261 etseq.);
       (2)  The Poison  Prevention Packaging Act,  as amended  (15  U.S.C.
     1471 et seq.); and
       (3)  The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic  Act,  as  amended  (21
     U.S.C. 301 et seq.).
74 SUt. 1305.


84 SUt. 1670.


52 SUt. 1040.
                   EFFECTIVE DATES OF PROVISIONS OF ACT
  SEC. 4.  (a)  Except as  otherwise  provided  in the Federal  Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended by  this  Act, and as otherwise
provided by this section, the amendments made by this Act shall take -effect

                                             21

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   Stet. It3.
7 USC 13S
P.L. 94-140
n sat. 752
  P.L. 94-140
  89 SHI. 75J

«1 8Ut. 163.
7 USC 13S
note.

  P.L. 94-140
  89 Stat. 7S2
  P.L. 94-140
  S9 St>t. 7S3
  P.L. 94-140
  89 Slat. 753
at the close of the date of the enactment of this Act, provided if regulations
are necessary for the implementation of any provision that becomes effec-
tive  on the date .of enactment, such regulations  shall be  promulgated  and
shall become effective within 90 days  from the date of enactment  of  this
Act.
   (b) The provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act  and the regulations thereunder as such existed prior  to the enactment
of this Act shall remain in effect until superseded by the amendments made
by this Act and regulations thereunder: Provided, That all provisions made
by these amendments  and  all  regulations  thereunder shall  be effective
within five years after the enactment of this Act.
   (c)(l) Two years after the enactment of this Act the Administrator shall
have promulgated regulations providing for  the  registration  and  classifica-
tion  of  pesticides under  the  provisions of  this Act and thereafter  shall
register all new applications under such provisions.
   (2) After two years but within five years after the  enactment of this Act
the  Administrator shall  register and reclassify pesticides registered under
the  provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide  Act
prior to the  effective date of the regulations promulgated under subsection
   (3) Any  requirements that a pesticide  be registered for use  only by a
certified applicator shall not  be effective until five years  from the date of
enactment of this Act.
   (4) A period of five years  from date of enactment shall be provided for
certification of applicators.
       (A)   One year  after the enactment of this  Act  the  Administrator
     shall have prescribed the standards  for the certification of applicators.
       (B)  Within four years after  the  enactment of this Act each State
     desiring to certify applicators shall submit a State plan to the Adminis-
     trator  for the purpose provided by section 4(b).
       (C)  As promptly as possible but in no event more than one year
     after submission of a State plan, the Administrator  shall approve the
     State  plan or disapprove it and indicate the reasons for disapproval.
     Consideration of plans resubmitted by States  shall be expedited.
   (5) One  year after  the enactment of this Act the Administrator shall
have promulgated  and shall make effective regulations relating to the regis-
tration of establishments, permits for experimental use, and the keeping of
books and  records under the provisions of this Act.
   (d) No person  shall be subject to any criminal or civil penalty imposed
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended by
this Act, for any act (or failure to act) occurring before the expiration of
60 days after the  Administrator has published effective regulations  in the
Federal  Register and taken such other action  as may be necessary to  permit
compliance  with the provisions  under which the penalty is to be imposed.
   (e) For purposes  of  determining  any criminal or  civil penalty  or liability
to any third person  in  respect of any act or  omission occurring  before the
expiration of the periods referred to in this section, the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act shall be treated as continuing in effect as
if this Act had not been enacted.
                              Public Law $2-516
                          92nd Congress. H. R. 10729
                               October 21, 1972
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
HOUSE REPORTS:  No. 92-511  (Comm.  on Agriculture) and No. 92-1540  (Comm. of
                   Conference) .
SENATE REPORTS: No.  92-838 (Comm. on Agriculture and Forestry) and No. 92-
                   970  (Comm. on Commerce).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
    Vol.  117  (1971): Nov. 8. 9, considered and passed House.
    Vol.  118  (1972): Sept. 26, considered and passed Senate,  amended.
                   Oct. 5, Senate agreed to  conference report.
                   Oct. 12, House agreed to conference report.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF  PRESIDENTIAL  DOCUMENTS:
    Vol.  8, No. 44 (1972): Oct. 21, Presidential statement.

                              Public Law 94-140
                           94th Congress, H. R.  8841
                              November 28, 1975
 LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
 HOUSE REPORTS:  No.  94-497  (Comm. on Agriculture) and No. 94-668  (Comm.  of
                   Conference) .
 SENATE REPORT  No. 94-452  (Comm.  on Agriculture and  Forestry).
 CONGRESSIONAL  RECORD. Vol. 121  (1975):
    Sept. 26. Oct. -3, 9, considered and passed  House.
    Nov. 12, considered and passed Senate, amended.
    Nov. 18, House  agreed to conference report.
    Nov. 19, Senate  agreed to conference report.
                                              89 STAT. 755
                                       22
                   if U.S. GOVERN/WENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1976  O-224-947

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