Principles of
       Pesticide Use,
Handlina. and Application
   instructional iviodules for Vocational Agriculture Education

           TEACHER MANUAL
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                         PRINCIPLES  OF  PESTICIDE USE,
                          HANDLING,  AND  APPLICATION
              Instructional Modules for Vocational Agriculture Education
                                    Developed for


                             Office  of  Pesticide  Programs


                          Environmental Protection  Agency
                                 *

                                        Under


                              Contract  No. 68-01-1936


                                    January,  1976
Use of brand  or trade names or commercial  products  in this publication does not imply
endorsement of the products  or  recommendation for their use.
                   For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

                               Washington, O.C. 20402 - Price $5.90

                                 Stock No. 005-004-00011*1

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                              TABLE  OF  CONTENTS






                                                                               Page




Foreword	v



Use of this Publication	vii



Acknowledgements	xi




Selected  Audiovisual Materials	xiii




Selected  References	xv




Introduction  (Unit I)	   1




Pests  (Unit  II)	15




Environmental Protection  (Unit III)	67




Pesticides (Unit  IV)	109




Labels and Labeling  (Unit V)	151




Personal  Safety  and  First Aid  (Unit VI)   	195




Safety Before, During, and  Following  Application (Unit VII)	235




Formulation  and Application (Unit VIII)	279




Equipment and  Its  Use (Unit  IX)	321




Disposal  and Storage (Unit  X)	365



Record  Keeping  and  Liability  (Unit XI)	399




Appendix:  The  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide  Act

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                                     FOREWORD
This training package is designed to present the basic principles of pesticide use, handling,
and application. Included  in this package is  information  on federal laws and regulations,
personal  safety, environmental  implications,  storage and disposal  considerations, proper
application procedures, and fundamentals of pest management. Successful  completion of
these  training  modules  will equip  the  student with the basic requirements for  private
applicator  pesticide certification  as identified  by federal  laws.

This training package is designed in modular form  suitable for use by men and women
studying vocational agriculture.  These modules form a complete  self-contained  training
program  sufficient  to train and test knowledge and skills of the safe and correct use of
pesticides.

This training package presents basic concepts and principles of pesticide use and application.
The student must recognize that individual exceptions  to these principles exist and that
label  instructions  should be followed  if a discrepancy arises.

Teachers should consult state and local experts frequently to maintain updated information
with  regard to federal, state,  and local  laws and  regulations. Teachers  are  especially
encouraged to  contact the State Extension Pesticide Applicator Training Coordinators for
specific state requirements and  laws  relating to  pesticide  certification programs  and to
add objectives  as  needed. When  a  teacher adds objectives, information and assignment
sheets, transparencies, and  criterion tests  should  be supplied.

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                            USE  OF THIS PUBLICATION


Instructional Units

Public Law 94-140 requires that individuals who are applicators of restricted use pesticides
be  certified  by October,  1977, and thereafter.  These  instructional  modules  will train
prospective  private  pesticide applicators  to  meet  the certification  requirements under
the federal  guidelines. The information contained  in  these instructional modules is also
pertinent to  all  persons interested in pesticide  use,  handling, and application.

The modules cover  eleven content  areas. Each area consists of one  unit of instruction
including  behavioral objectives, suggested activities  for teacher and  student, information
sheets, assignment sheets,  visual aids, tests, and answers  to the  tests. Units are planned
for one or  more  lessons or class periods of  instruction.

Careful study of each  instructional  unit  by  the teacher  will  help  to determine:

     A.  The amount of  material that can  be covered in each  class period.
     B.  The skills  which must be  demonstrated.
              1.   Supplies  needed
              2.   Equipment needed
              3.   Amount  of practice  needed
     C.  Supplementary materials that must be ordered,  such as pamphlets, slide series,
         video  tapes, movies, and  filmstrips.
     D.   Resource people who must be  contacted.

Objectives

Each  unit of instruction is based on behavioral  objectives.  These objectives state the goals
of the unit  thus providing a  sense of direction  and  accomplishment for  the  student.

Behavioral  objectives are stated in two forms. Terminal objectives state the subject matter
to be covered in a unit of instruction and specific objectives state the student performance
necessary  to reach the terminal objective.

Since the objectives of the unit provide  direction for the teaching-learning process, it is
important for the teacher and students  to have a  common  understanding of the intent
of the objectives. A limited number of performance  terms  have  been used in the objectives
for this curriculum to assist  in promoting the effectiveness of the communication among
all  individuals using the materials.

Following  is a list of performance  terms and their  synonyms which were used in this
material.

Name                            Identify                     Describe
Label                            Select                        Define
List in  writing                   Mark                        Discuss  in writing
List orally                       Point out                    Discuss  orally
Letter                           Pick out                     Interpret
Record                          Choose                     Tell  how
Repeat                           Locate                      Tell  what
Give                                                          Explain
                                         VII

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Order                             Distinguish
Arrange                           Discriminate
Sequence
List in  order
Classify
Divide
Isolate
Sort

Reading  of the objectives by the  student  should  be followed by a class discussion  to
answer any questions concerning  performance  requirements  for  each instructional unit.

Suggested  Activities

Each unit of  instruction  has  a suggested  activities  sheet outlining steps to  follow  in
accomplishing  specific objectives. The activities are listed  according  to whether they are
the  responsibility of the  instructor or the student.

     Instructor: Duties of the instructor will  vary according to the particular unit. However,
     for  best use of the  material they should include the following: provide students with
     objective  sheet, information  sheet, and assignment sheets; make transparencies and
     arrange  for resource materials  and people; discuss terminal  and  specific  objectives
     and  information sheet; give test. Teachers  are  encouraged  to use any  additional
     instructional  activities  and teaching  methods  to  aid  students in  accomplishing the
     objectives.

     Student:  Student  activities are listed which  will help  the  student to  achieve the
     objectives  for the  unit.

Information  Sheets

Information  sheets provide content  essential  for meeting  the  cognitive  (knowledge)
objectives  of the unit. The  teacher will find that information sheets serve as  an excellent
guide for  presenting the background knowledge  necessary to develop the skills specified
in the terminal objective.

Students should read the information sheets before the information is discussed in class.
Students  may  take additional  notes on the information  sheets.

Transparency Masters

Transparency masters provide information in a special way. The students may see as well
as hear the material  being presented, thus reinforcing the learning process. Transparencies
may  present  new  information or  they may  reinforce  information presented  in  the
information  sheets. They are particularly effective when  identification  is necessary.

Transparencies should be made and placed in the notebook where they will be  immediately
available for use. Transparencies direct the class's attention to the topic of discussion.
They should be left on  the screen  only when topics shown are under discussion. (NOTE:
Stand away from the overhead projector when discussing transparency material. The noise
of  the projector may cause the teacher  to speak  too  loudly.)
                                          VIII

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Assignment  Sheets

Assignment  sheets give direction to study and furnish practice for paper-pencil activities
to develop  the knowledge which  is a necessary prerequisite to skill  development. These
may be given  to  the student for completion in class or used for homework assignments.
Answer sheets are provided which  may be used by the student and/or teacher for checking
student progress.

Test and  Evaluation

Paper-pencil and performance tests have been constructed to measure  student achievement
of each objective listed  in  the  unit  of  instruction.  Individual test items may  be pulled
out and used  as a short  test to determine student achievement of a particular  objective.
This kind  of testing may  be used as a daily quiz and will help the teacher spot difficulties
being encountered by students in  their efforts to accomplish the terminal objective. The
teacher may wish to administer discussion test questions orally. Test items for  objectives
added  by  the teacher  should be  constructed and added  to the  test.

Test Answers
Test answers are provided for each unit. These may be used by the teacher and/or student
for checking  student achievement of  the  objectives.
                                         IX

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                              ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     Development and preparation of an instructional manual such as this is contingent
upon  the  cooperation and assistance  of a host of agencies, groups, and individuals. Since
this instructional manual  was contracted for by  the  Environmental Protection  Agency,
much of  the information  included herein was  derived  from manuals already developed
for the E.P.A.  as well as from related manuals the agency suggested  we review. Sincere
appreciation is  extended  to Bill  Hoffman, Project Officer, Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental  Protection Agency for his assistance throughout the contract. In addition,
appreciation is  extended  to Chet Gibbs, Program Leader, Pesticide Chemicals Program,
Extension Service,  U.S.   Department of  Agriculture for  his comments and suggestions
throughout the  duration of the contract. Appreciation is also extended to Neville Hunsicker,
Bureau  of Occupational  and  Adult Education,  U.S.  Office of Education for assistance
rendered  during the contract.
     Grateful acknowledgement  for  critical  review of  the manual  is extended to the
members  of  the Working Group on Training  of the  Extension Committee on Policy,
Extension Service,  U.S.  Department  of Agriculture; the National Vocational Agriculture
Project  Advisory Committee;  representatives of various state  departments of vocational
education; representatives of state lead agencies; the  vocational agriculture teachers who
field  tested  the manual  in ten sites throughout the United States; and a  host of others
who gave their critical  comments  and suggestions for the improvement of the manual.
     Sincere appreciation  is extended to Ron Meek, Bob Patton, Pete Braker, and Eddie
Smith, former  vocational agriculture teachers and now curriculum  writers,  who worked
with  Ellis Associates, Inc. staff  to develop  the manual.
     Sincere gratitude and appreciation is expressed to the staff of Ellis Associates, Inc.,
who  worked long  and  rigorous  hours to develop this  manual and  for their efforts in
involving the agencies responsible for  private pesticide training -- Environmental Protection
Agency,  U.S. Department of  Agriculture, State Lead Agencies, and  the  U.S. Office of
Education. Of particular note has been the timely and relevant work performed by Frances
L. Courtney and Geraldine Nyland in preparation for the regional workshops; the critical
review and analysis  of materials by Mike  Brown; and the technical expertise demonstrated
by Sally  McDonald. Without  such a  dedicated staff,  the purposes of  the  contract could
never have been fulfilled.

Project  Director                           Co-Project  Director

Dr. Mary  L. Ellis,  President               Ms. Denise  A. Pierce
                                         XI

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                      SELECTED  AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS
Slide  - Cassette  Series

    Pestidide Use Training (420 slides divided into eight chapters with scripts and narrative
    cassettes) and Apply  Pesticides Correctly:  Instructor's Manual  (classroom guide for
    use with slide set), United  States Environmental Protection Agency. Distributed  by
    the  National  Audiovisual Center, Government Services Administration, Washington,
    DC   20409.

         Chapter  I, "How to  Identify Common  Pests"-Contains 57 slides  and  requires
         approximately 7 minutes

         Chapter  II,  "Pest Control and Pesticides"-Contains  71  slides  and  requires
         approximately 8 minutes

         Chapter  III,  "Understanding Pesticide Labels"-Contains 34 slides  and  requires
         approximately 5 minutes

         Chapter  IV,  "Using Pesticides Safely  to Protect  Yourself'-Contains 60 slides
         and requires approximately 8  minutes

         Chapter  V, "Protecting the Environment from Pesticides"-Contains  63 slides and
         requires  approximately 9 minutes

         Chapter  VI,  "Pesticide Application  Equipment"-Contains 60 slides and  requires
         approximately 8 minutes

         Chapter  VII, "Calibrating Pesticide  Equipment"-Contains 45 slides and  requires
         approximately 6 minutes

         Chapter  VIM, "Pesticide  Laws and Regulations"-Contains 24 slides and  requires
         approximately 4 minutes

    Be  a  Pro  with  Pesticides   (72   slides,  script  and  narrative  cassette),  Visual
    Communications,  412S Roberts Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY  14853, ATTN:
    George  Lavris. This set is to  be used  in conjunction with the film of the same title
    listed  below.  Provision is  made for student  participation.

    Be a Pro: Avoid Pesticide Accidents (79 slides, script and narrative cassette). Visual
    Communications,  412S Roberts Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY  14853, ATTN:
    George  Lavris. This set follows the assignment  sheet "Distinguish Between Safe and
    Unsafe Pesticide Practices."
Film
     Be a Pro with Pesticides (22 1/2 minute 16 mm). Distributed by R. G. Turner, Box
     41,  Roberts Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca,  NY  14853.
                                        XIII

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Videocassettes

     Proper  Pesticide  Use  Series:   "Pesticides,"  (eight  chapters)  color Videocassettes
     distributed  by Oregon State University,  Corvallis, Oregon  97331.

     Applying  Pesticides  Properly,  (eight chapters)  color Videocassettes  distributed  by
     Kansas  State  University, Manhattan, Kansas  66506.


(NOTE:  Consult your  extension agent and other resource personnel for other appropriate
audiovisual  materials for  your geographical  location.)
                                          XIV

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                             SELECTED  REFERENCES
U.S.,  Department of Agriculture and Environmental  Protection Agency. Apply Pesticides
     Correctly: A Guide  for Commercial Applicators. Washington,  D.C.:  Government
     Printing Office, 1975.

U.S.,  Department of Agriculture and Environmental  Protection Agency. Apply Pesticides
     Correctly: A Guide for Private Applicators. Washington,  D.C.: Government Printing
     Office, 1975.

Dewey, J. E., et al.  Pesticide  Applicator Training Manual.  Ithaca,  New York:  Cornell
     University, 1974.

U.S.,   Environmental   Protection  Agency.  Standards  for  Certification  of  Pesticide
     Applicators.  Washington, D.C.:  E.P.A.,  Office of Pesticide Programs, 1974.
We gratefully acknowledge  the permission extended to  us  by the Northeast Pesticide
Applicator Training Manual  and the Environmental Protection Agency and United States
Department of Agriculture Apply Pesticides Correctly: A Guide for Commercial Applicators
manual  for use  of  selected  art  work on transparency masters.
(NOTE: Consult your extension agent and other resource personnel for other appropriate
reference  manuals and materials  for your  geographical location.)
                                         xv

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                                   INTRODUCTION
                                        UNIT I
                               TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion  of  this unit, the student should be able to list problems associated with
pesticide usage, match  the EPA classifications of pesticides to the correct definitions, and
list capabilities  of the  certified  private applicator. This knowledge will be evidenced by
scoring  eighty-five percent  on the  unit  test.
                               SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this  unit, the student  should be able to:

        1.     Match terms  associated with  the  private pesticide applicator certification
              program to their correct  definitions.

        2.     List problems associated with pesticide usage.

        3.     Discuss pesticide  registration.

        4.     Match the  EPA classifications of  pesticides to the correct definitions.

        5.     List the capabilities  of the certified private  applicator.

        6.     Explain the difference between deposit and  residue.

        7.     Explain how  tolerances are determined.

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                              INTRODUCTION
                                   UNIT I
                         SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

      A.   Provide student with objective sheet.

      B.   Provide student with information sheet.

      C.   Make transparency.

      D.   Discuss terminal  and specific objectives.

      E.   Discuss information  sheet.

      F.   Stress the importance of the correct  use of chemicals and the dangers and
          hazards of improper use.

      G.   Invite a resource person to visit with the class concerning the importance
          of private pesticide applicator certification and applicable federal, state, and
          local  laws and regulations.

      H.   Give test.

 II.   Student:

      A.   Read objective sheet.

      B.   Study  information sheet.

      C.   Take test.


                       INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

'III.   Transparency master:  TM 1--Tolerances Must  Be Set

IV.   Test

 V.   Answers to test

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                            INTRODUCTION
                                 UNIT  I
                         INFORMATION SHEET


 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Private applicator--A  certified applicator who uses  or supervises the use of
         any pesticide classified for restricted use for the purpose of producing any
         agricultural commodity  on the property owned or rented by him or his
         employer or on the property of another person producing any agricultural
         commodity in exchange  of  personal services

    B.   Pesticide-Chemical or other  substance that will prevent, repel, destroy, or
         control a  pest or  protect something from a pest

    C.   Tolerance-Maximum  amount of pesticide which can legally remain on or
         in  any food  or  feed  crop at harvest or animal at slaughter

    D.   Agricultural commodity-Any plant or plant part, animal, or animal product
         produced  by  a person

    E.   Certification-Recognition  by certifying agency that a person is competent
         and thus authorized  to use or supervise the use of restricted use  pesticides

    F.   Environment-Surroundings,  usually water, air,  soil, plants, and animals

    G.   Exposure-Not protected  or  shielded; contact  with pesticide through
         ingestion,  inhalation,  or  skin contact

    H.   Phytotoxicity-Causing injury to plant  life

    I.    Hazard-Risk  of  danger;  chance that  injury or harm will come to the
         applicator, other  persons, plants, or animals

    J.    EPA-United  States Environmental  Protection Agency

II.  Problems  associated with  pesticide usage

    A.   Movement off target-Drift,  runoff, leaching, erosion, or  evaporation

    B.   Improper  method  of application-Pest  not reached or controlled

    C.   Overuse-Overdosing  and  too frequent  applications

    D.   Underuse, underdosing-Using less  than needed  amounts

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


     E.   Resistance of some pests  to  certain pesticides

     F.   Phytotoxicity to plants

     G.   Exposure to nontarget plants  and animals including  humans

     H.   Buildup  of some pesticides in animals or in the food chain (accumulation)

     I.    Residues  of  some pesticides which remain unchanged in the environment
          for long  periods of time  (persistence)

III.  Pesticide  registration

     A.   Every  pesticide,  its label,  and each  use  must be registered before it can
          be sold  or  used

     B.   Definition  of   registration-Approval  by  the  Environmental   Protection
          Agency of a pesticide for uses as stated on  its  label

IV.  EPA classifications  of pesticides

     (NOTE:  EPA will  classify  each  use  of each pesticide  as  either  general or
     restricted.)

     A.   General  use-Pesticide  use  which will not cause excessive damage  in the
          environment or  endanger  the applicator or  other  persons  when  applied
          according to label  directions

          (NOTE:  No certification  requirements are necessary  on the part of the
          applicator.)

     B.   Restricted use-Pesticide  use which may cause damage in the environment
          or endanger the applicator  or other  persons unless label  directions are
          followed

 V.  Capabilities of the  certified private applicator

     (NOTE: Failure  to  comply with certification may result  in penalties or fines
     of up  to $1000  or  imprisonment of up to thirty days.)

     A.   Purchase  and   use  restricted  use  pesticides to   produce  agricultural
          commodities on  property  owned or rented  by himself or  his employer

     B.   Supervise the  use   of  restricted  use  pesticides  to produce  agricultural
          commodities on  property  owned or rented  by himself of  his employer

     C.   Purchase and use restricted use pesticides for use on  the property of others
          with whom  he trades services

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


 VI.   Deposit and residue.

      A.   Deposit-Pesticide  placed on  a  crop, animal, or surface during application

           (NOTE: Sometimes the deposit can be easily seen  as with many dusts or
           wettable powders. Other  times it cannot  be seen  with the naked  eye.)

      B.   Residue-Pesticide  that remains on or in a  crop or  animal  or  on a surface
           following  application

           (NOTE: Some pesticides  leave  little  or no residue. Heat,  light, moisture,
           soil  organisms, and  other  chemical  reactions in the environment quickly
           break  them down. Other  pesticides are not quickly broken  down. They
           leave a residue on the crop or in  the  environment  for  weeks, months, or
           years.)

VII.   How tolerances are determined (Transparency  1)

      A.   Studies on test animals (rats, guinea pigs, mice, and others) are conducted
           to determine  the  acute and  chronic toxicity  of the chemical

      B.   Length of time the  pesticide remains on the target crop or target animal
           is measured

           (NOTE: The time the pesticide remains active in the environment is also
           determined.)

      C.   Possible long-term injury,  such as buildup in  man or  animals, is studied

      D.   All food  or feed which contains even a tiny amount of pesticide residue
           at harvest or  slaughter must have a tolerance

      E.   Residue in food  or feed may be result of direct or indirect contact with
           pesticide

      F.   Tolerance is  always set at least 100 times smaller than the  highest dose
           which has no  effect on test animals

           Example:       If 200  parts per million  of a pesticide  have no effect  on
                         test animals, then the tolerance for the pesticide on any food
                         or feed crop  could be no  higher than 2 parts per million
                         (ppm)

      G.   Food or feed  which is intended to be eaten must  be below the tolerance
           level

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                 Tolerances Must Be Set
CO
       Residue Through
            Indirect Contact
Residue Through
     Direct Contact

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                               INTRODUCTION
                                    UNIT I
                                    TEST
1.     Match terms on the right to the correct  definitions on the  left by placing the
      appropriate numbers in  the blanks provided.
            _a.  Maximum amount  of pesticide which
                can  legally remain on or in any food or
                feed  crop  at  harvest  or  animal  at
                slaughter

            _b.  Recognition by certifying  agency that a
                person is competent and thus authorized
                to use or supervise the use of restricted
                use  pesticides

            _c.  Not protected or shielded; contact with
                pesticide through ingestion, inhalation,
                or skin  contact

            d.  Risk of  danger; chance that injury or
                harm will come to the applicator, other
                persons,  plants, or animals

            e.  A  certified   applicator  who   uses  or
                supervises the  use  of  any  pesticide
                classified for  restricted   use   for  the
                purpose  of producing any  agricultural
                commodity on  the  property owned or
                rented by him or  his employer or on the
                property of another  person producing
                any  agricultural commodity in exchange
                of personal services

            f.  Chemical or  other  substance that  will
                prevent, repel, destroy, or  control a pest
                or protect something from  a pest

            _g.  Causing  injury to plant life

            _h.  Surroundings,  usually water,  air,  soil,
                plants,  and animals

            i.  Any  plant  or  plant part,  animal,  or
                animal  product produced  by a  person

            j.  United  States Environmental Protection
                Agency
 1.     Private
       applicator

 2.     Pesticide

 3.     Tolerance

 4.     Agricultural
       commodity

 5.     Certification

 6.     Environment

 7.     Exposure

 8.     Phytotoxicity

 9.     Hazard

10.     EPA
                                      11

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List four problems associated  with pesticide usage.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Discuss in a short  paragraph  pesticide registration.
Match  the  EPA  classifications  of  pesticides  on  the  right  to their correct
definitions.
 	a.  Pesticide use which may cause damage     1.     General
          in  the  environment  or endanger the            use
          applicator or other persons unless label
          directions are followed                    2.
Restricted
use
      _b.  Pesticide  use  which  will  not  cause
          excessive damage in the environment or
          endanger the applicator or other persons
          when   applied  according   to   label
          directions
List two  capabilities  of the certified  private applicator.

a.

b.

Explain the difference  between  deposit  and residue.




Explain  how tolerances are determined.
                                 12

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                               INTRODUCTION
                                   UNIT I
                             ANSWERS  TO  TEST

1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3
5
7
9
e.
f.
g-
h.
1
2
8
6
i. 4
j. 10


2.    Any four of the  following:
      a.   Movement  off target-Drift, runoff,  leaching,  erosion, or evaporation
      b.   Improper  method  of application-Pest not reached or controlled
      c.   Overuse-Overdosing  and too frequent applications
      d.   Underuse, underdosing-Using  less  than needed  amounts
      e.   Resistance  of some  pests to certain  pesticides
      f.   Phytotoxicity to  plants
      g.   Exposure  to  nontarget plants and animals including  humans
      h.   Buildup of some pesticides in animals or in the food chain (accumulation)
      i.   Residues of some  pesticides which remain unchanged  in the environment
           for long  periods of  time (persistence)
3.    Discussion  should include:
      a.   Every pesticide,  its  label, and  each  use must be  registered before it can
           be sold or used
      b.   Definition  of  registration-Approval  by  the  Environmental  Protection
           Agency  of a pesticide for uses as stated on  its label
4.    a.   2
      b.   1
5.    Any two of the following:
      a.   Purchase   and  use  restricted   use   pesticides  to  produce  agricultural
           commodities  on  property owned or  rented by  himself  or  his employer
      b.   Supervise  the use  of restricted use  pesticides  to produce agricultural
           commodities  on  property owned or  rented by  himself  or  his employer
      c.   Purchase and use restricted use pesticides for use on the property of others
           with whom  he trades  services
                                     13

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6.     Explanation should  include:
       a.   Deposit-Pesticide placed on a crop, animal, or surface during application
       b.   Residue-Pesticide that remains on or in a crop or animal  or on a surface
           following application
7.     Explanation should  include:
       a.   Studies on  test animals (rats, guinea pigs, mice, and others) are conducted
           to  determine the acute and  chronic  toxicity of the chemical
       b.   Length of time the  pesticide remains on  the target crop or target  animal
           is measured
       c.   Possible long-term injury, such  as  buildup in man or  animals, is studied
       d.   All food or feed which contains even a tiny amount of pesticide residue
           at  harvest or slaughter must  have  a  tolerance
       e.   Residue in  food or feed may  be a result of direct or indirect contact with
           pesticide
       f.   Tolerance is always  set at least 100 times smaller than the highest dose
           which has  no  effect on test  animals
       g.   Food  or feed which is intended to be eaten must be below the tolerance
           level
                                        14

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                                       PESTS
                                       UNIT II
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion  of this unit, the student should be able to list main groups of pests,
ways insects damage crops, and causes and symptoms of plant diseases. The student should
be able to identify life cycles of insects, state the difference between grasses and broadleaf
plants, name  sources for  aid  in  identifying  pests, and  interpret pesticide labels. This
knowledge will  be evidenced  through  demonstration and  by scoring eighty-five percent
on  the unit  test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this  unit, the student should  be able  to:

        1.     Match terms associated  with pests to the correct definitions.

        2.     List main  groups of pests.

        3.     List ways  insects may damage crops.

        4.     List ways  insects affect  livestock  and  man.

        5.     Name identifying characteristics common to  all adult  insects.

        6.     Name characteristics which aid in  distinguishing one  insect from another.

        7.     Identify  the four stage  life cy.cle  of insects.

        8.     Identify  the three stage  life  cycle of insects.

        9.     Name identifying characteristics of mites, ticks, and spiders.

       10.     List vertebrate  pest animals.

       11.     State the difference between  grasses and broadleaf plants.

       12.     Classify  plants  as annuals,  biennials,  or perennials.

       13.     List main  causes of plant  diseases.

       14.     Classify  causes  of plant  diseases as  parasitic  or nonparasitic.

       15.     List symptoms  of plant  diseases.

       16.     Describe symptoms  of nematode  damage.

       17.     Name sources for aid in identifying  pests.

       18.     Interpret pesticide labels  correctly  when given questions concerning pests.
                                          15

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                                 PESTS
                                 UNIT II


                        SUGGESTED  ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with  objective sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with  information  and assignment  sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss  terminal and  specific  objectives.

    E.   Discuss  information and  assignment  sheets.

    F.   Have the student carry out one or  all  of the following activities:

         1.    Find out the names  of the common insect pests on your farm. Which
              kind of  life cycle do  they have? In what stage of development are
              they a  problem?  How do they damage your crops or livestock?

         2.    Find out the  names of the common  weed pests on your  farm or in
              your area. Are they grasses or  broadleaf weeds? Are they annuals,
              biennials, or perennials?

         3.    Find out the  kinds  of plant  diseases on  your farm or  in your area.
              Are they parasitic or  nonparasitic?  Find out what is causing them,
              such as  fungus, bacteria,  nematodes,  drought, or air pollution. What
              kinds of  damage  do they cause on your crop?

         4.    Start a collection of  insects and related pests, plant diseases, and weeds
              which  are common  in  your area. Be sure they are properly identified
              and labeled.

    G.   Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read objective sheet.

    B.   Study information  sheet  and  take notes.

    C.   Complete assignment  sheet.

    D.   Take test.
                     INSTRUCTIONAL  MATERIALS
 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information sheet
                                    17

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 III.   Transparency  masters



      A.   TM  1--Insect Damage



      B.   TM  2--Adult Insects



      C.   TM  3--Wings and Mouthparts



      D.   TM  4--Four Stage Life Cycle



      E.   TM  5--Three Stage  Life Cycle



      F.   TM  6-Mite, Tick, and Spider



      G.   TM  7-Vertebrate Pest Animals



      H.   TM  8--Grasses and  Broadleaf Plants



      I.   TM  9-Annuals,  Biennials,  and Perennials



      J.   TM  10--Parasitic Causes



      K.   TM  11--IMematode Damage



      L.   TM  12-Symptoms of Diseases



 IV.   Assignment Sheet #1 --Interpret Pesticide  Labels



 V.   Answers  to assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers  to test
                                     18

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                             PESTS
                            UNIT  II
                     INFORMATION  SHEET


Terms  and definitions

A.   Organism--Any living thing

B.   Pest--Unwanted  organism

C.   Vertebrate-Animal with a bony spinal column

D=   Insect-Small invertebrate animal with three body regions and  six jointed
     legs;  may  have  two, four, or  no  wings

E.   Mite, tick, and spider-Animals  closely related to insects but with two body
     regions,  eight jointed  legs, and no wings

F.   Plant disease-Harmful condition which affects  plant life

G.   Nematode-Small roundworm that feeds on  or  in plants and  animals

H.   Parasite-Organism that lives  and feeds in  or on another organism

I.    Life  cycle-Stages in the life development of organisms

J.    Larva-Immature  stage of an  insect that does not look like an adult insect

K.   Pupa-Nonfeeding, usually immobile stage of an  insect before becoming an
     adult

L.   Nymph-Immature stage of an  insect  that looks similar to an adult insect

M.   Fungus-Small plant  which causes rot,  mold, and other plant diseases (plural,
     fungi)

N.   Bacterium-One-celled microorganism which causes wilts, cankers, and other
     plant diseases (plural, bacteria)

O.   Plant disease symptom  or sign-Signal that something is wrong in a plant,
     such  as  change  in growth habits

P.    Annual-Plant that grows from seed, produces seed the same year, and then
     dies

Q.   Perennial-Plant  that normally  lives for more than two  years

R.   Biennial-Plant  that  grows two  years, produces seed, and  then dies
                               19

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                          INFORMATION SHEET
 II.  Main  groups of pests
     A.   I nsects
     B.   Mites, ticks, and  spiders
     C.   Plant  diseases
     D.   Nematodes
     E.   Vertebrate  animals
     F.   Weeds
III.  Ways insects may damage crops (Transparency 1)
     A.   Feed  on foliage,  seeds, fruits, and  other plant parts
     B.   Tunnel  or  bore  into  stems, stalks,  and branches
     C.   Feed  on and tunnel  in roots
     D.   Suck  the sap from leaves, stems, and branches
     E.   Carry plant disease agents
          (NOTE: Injury  caused by insects, plant diseases, and other pests are often
          confused.  Consult a local expert.)
IV.  Ways insects affect  livestock  and man
     A.   Blood sucking
          Examples:     Flies and  lice
     B.   Direct attack and spread  of disease organisms
          Examples:     Mosquitoes  carry  malaria;  ticks  carry  Rocky  Mountain
                        spotted fever
     C.   Living on or in the animal
          Examples:     Screwworms and  cattle grubs
     D.   Contaminating agricultural  products
          Examples:     Granary weevil  in grain  bins; flour moths in cereals
 V.  Identifying characteristics  common to all  adult insects (Transparency 2)
     A.   Six jointed  legs
     B.   Three body regions
          (NOTE: The body consists of the  head, abdomen,  and thorax.)
                                     20

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


  VI.   Characteristics which distinguish one insect  from another (Transparency 3)

       A.   Wings

           (NOTE:  Some insects have no wings; others  have two or four. The wings
           vary in shape,  size,  thickness, and structure.)

       B.   Mouthparts

           (NOTE:  Insects with chewing mouthparts have toothed jaws that bite and
           tear the food. Insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts have tube-like beaks
           which  they  force  into a plant or animal to suck  out  fluids or blood.)

 VII.   Four stage  life cycle of  insects  (Transparency 4)

       A.   Egg

       B.   Larva

           (NOTE:  The larva is sometimes called  a worm or looper.)

       C.   Pupa

       D.   Adult

VIII.   Three  stage life  cycle of insects  (Transparency 5)

       A.   Egg

       B.   Nymph

           (NOTE:  The nymph, which  looks like  a tiny adult, goes through several
           stages  in  its development.)

       C.   Adult

  IX.   Identifying  characteristics of mites, ticks, and spiders  (Transparency  6)

       A.   Eight jointed legs

       B.   Two body regions

       C.   No wings

  X.   Vertebrate pest animals (Transparency  7)

       (NOTE: Many vertebrate animals which  normally are harmless  and desirable can
       become pests  if  they  interfere with or  move into an  area  where crops  and
       livestock are  being produced.)
                                      21

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


      A.  Birds

          Example:     Starling

      B.  Mammals

          Example:     Rodent

      C.  Fish

          Example:     Carp

      D.  Reptiles

          Example:     Snake

      E.  Amphibians

          Example:     Salamander

 XI.   Difference between grasses and broadleaf  plants (Transparency  8)

      (NOTE: These  plants may be annual,  perennial, or biennial.)

      A.  Grasses have  long narrow  leaves and parallel veins

      B.  Broadleaf plants have wide,  flat leaves and netted veins

XII.   Examples  of annuals, biennials, and perennials (Transparency 9)

      (NOTE: Knowing  the life cycle of  the weeds to be  controlled is helpful  in
      choosing the best  herbicide for the job.)

      A.  Summer annuals-Crabgrass, foxtail

          (NOTE: Summer annuals sprout from  seed in spring and die  before winter.)

      B.  Winter  annuals-Henbit, annual  bluegrass

          (NOTE: Winter  annuals sprout from seed in the fall and die before summer.)

      C.  Biennials-Mullein, burdock, carrot

      D.  Perennials-Johnson grass, dandelions
                                     22

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


XIII.   Main causes of plant diseases

       (NOTE: When you find a plant disease problem, you must determine the cause
       before  choosing a control method. Nonparasitic plant diseases have very similar
       symptoms to parasitic plant  diseases.)

       A.  Nonparasitic

           (NOTE:  The disease is caused by  nonliving agents or materials and cannot
           be passed  from  plant to  plant.  The causes cannot be controlled  with
           pesticides.)

       B.  Parasitic

           (NOTE:  The disease is caused by living organisms and may be passed  from
           plant to plant. Usually the farmer can control these by using resistant plants,
           pesticide chemicals,  or  other pest management practices.)

XIV.   Nonparasitic  and  parasitic causes of plant diseases

       A.  Nonparasitic  causes

               1.     Air pollution

                     Example:      Automobile exhausts

               2.     Climate

                     Examples:     Drought,  frost

               3.     Chemicals

                     Example:      Fertilizer  burn

               4.     Culture

                     Example:      Injury by machinery

       B.  Parasitic causes

               1.     Fungi   (Transparency 10)

                     Examples:     Root rots, scabs, smut

               2.     Bacteria (Transparency  10)

                     Example:      Leaf spots, wilts, cankers
                                      23

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET






               3.     Viruses




                     Example:     Mosaics,  streaks




               4.     Nematodes (Transparency  11)




                     Example:     Root knot nematode




  XV.  Symptoms of plant  diseases (Transparency 12)




       A.   Decaying or rotting




       B.   Abnormal growth




            Examples:    Galls,  swelling, leaf curls




       C.   Underdevelopment or stunting




       D.   Wilting




       E.   Discoloration




 XVI.  Symptoms of nematode damage  (Transparency 11)




       A.   Similar to plant disease symptoms on plant parts above ground




       B.   Swollen and misshapen roots and sometimes galls




XVII.  Sources for aid  in  identifying pests




       A.   Vocational  agriculture instructor




       B.   County  extension agent




       C.   Pesticide dealer or representative




       D.   Land  grant or other universities
                                      24

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                                TM 1
 Insect Damage
Lacebug
           Root Feeding
           White Grub
          25

-------
                        Adult Insects
NJ
>J
                               Abdomen

-------
                     Wings and  Mouth parts
                     Two Wings
ro
CO
        Chewing

      (Grasshopper)
        Sucking

       (Mosquito)
      Four Wings
                   /I
              Wings
Mouth pa its
                                                                    CO

-------
      Four Stage Life Cycle
Larva
                       Adult

-------
            Three Stage Life Cycle
Nymph
                              Adult
                                                        01

-------
                  Mite, Tick, and Spider
CO
en

-------
                Vertebrate Pest Animals
CO

-------
Grasses and Broadleaf Plants
       Grass
                 Broad leaf
                   Plant
                                             H


                                             00

-------
         Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
Winter Annual
  (Henbit)
               Summer Annual
                 (Crabgrass)
Biennial
(Mullein)
   Perennial
(Johnson Grass)
                                                                   (O

-------
      Parasitic  Causes
Bacteria
(Leaf Spot)
Fungi
(Smut)
                                                H


                                                o

-------
                     Nematode Damage
01
                             Nematode
          Actual Length Equals 1/50 to 1/25 Inch
                                          Root
                                          Galls

-------
                             TM 12
Symptoms of Diseases
      Knots
                Rot
            47

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                                      PESTS
                                      UNIT II
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET PESTICIDE LABELS


Read  the  labels  provided  on the following pages and. answer the questions below.

   1.     Using the De  Metho  label,  answer the following  questions.

         a.    What type  of  pests does this pesticide control?
         b.    When  the label  refers  to armyworms or cabbage loopers, to what stage of
              the  insect's life cycle is  it referring?
   2.     Using the No-Disease label, answer the following questions.

         a.    What type  of  pests does this pesticide control?
         b.    Are the diseases which  this pesticide controls  parasitic or nonparasitic?
   3.     Using the Anti-Weed  label,  answer the following  questions.

         a.    What type  of  pests does this pesticide control?
         b.    Is it  used to control  grasses or broadleaf  weeds?
         c.    Does it  control annuals,  biennials, or perennials  when  used  on corn?
                                        49

-------
en
o


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Potponovt by •willow ing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe tpray mitt. Oo not oat In
•yet. Avoid contact *itn tkirt. UM only
when wearing tha following D'Otective
equipment and clotting. Wear tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat.
unlined neoprene g!o«« end boot*. Wear
•e'ety OOOOtet and/Of face inlaid. Wear •
math of mplrator Jointly approved by
ttia Mining Enlorcamant and Salaty
Adminiitratlon and by the National
Inilituta for Occupational Safety and
Haalth. Befora r amoving glovti, wain
them vwiih detergent and water Alwayi
wain handi, fece and ermi with deter-
gant and watar before tmoking, aating
or drinking. For emergency eitlltan^O,
call OOO OOO OOOO,
TO PHYSICIAN. Oe Metho it a -eve.-».ble
cholinoitowe inhibitor. Do not UM
OHirn*i tueh •! 2f AM. Oivt Atropina 2
me. intravanoutly of luocuwneoutly. If
in eye. Inttill one drop of Homatropina.
Clot* tuper*it>on of tha patient i* indi-
cated for at leatt 48 hours.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thtf peiticide i> tontc to wildlife and
fith. UM with car* when applying in
are*t frequented by wildlifa or adjacent
to any body of watar. Keep out of lahet.
itreemt or pondt. Do not aPP'V whare
runoff it likely to occur. DO not apply
whan weather condition* favor drift
from target area, Oo not contaminate
watar by claaning of equipment or di«-
POMI of waiiet.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flemmablel KMP away from heat and
open flame. ^
s\
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V 	 .
DIRECTIONS FOR USE f*>*
It <• • violation or Federal t«w to UM this V
product in • minnor incontitt'nt with |H ^^^
MMIing.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hours after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-DO not comamirtata watw,
food, or fa«d by (to rag* or dlipowl.
Op«n dumping it prohlbiMd. OlSPOS-
AL-PMtlcM*. torav mliitura, or rjnMt*
that cannot fa* utad or eh«mic»llv rapro-
eattad ahouW M ditpoMd of In a landfill
approved for patticldM or bwriad In a
Conuinwt chould b« tripi* rtnMd and
offarad for recycling, reconditioning, or
ditpoMd in •pprovajd landfill c* bwrtad m
• Mft Olata,
Contult PtdeToM. SUM or Mc«l OlaPOajJ
tfwrew.




RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

•^DE METHO^lX
*&
^
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INSECTICIDE ^ ^\ \ \) 'J)
Emulsifiable Concentrate \ r/
^^ %v\ V ^ A ^
ACTIVE INGREDIHtffv METWO^IiyL -\\_^A«,%
INERT INGRJfOVEI^fS: \ ^^V1 76%
TOTAL: ~ j *.-<* 100%
. • ~ ^. ""*>
X"\ Net Content: 50 gallons
^^IS^ffiUCT h()Nt>rNS/.8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
^—4}E m^HOIJ^AxSEGf&TW^D TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
•^
D ~

)KE^f\^kft OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
warm water. Repeat until vorrmu* >* clMr Call a phvtician imr
^ INHALED • Remove 10 freth air. Call a Dhvccian immediatalv.
IF IN EYES • Flulh evel with plenty of water tor at lead IS minuti
phyfician immediately
wash *km wi'h ioap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN, VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43


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ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1

-------
                                          DIRECTIONS
CJ!
                     No-Disease  Benomyl Fungicide should be  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control ot many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant), and protective action, if treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of  fungi may be present {contact
 your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough co.erage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 on>>). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 fate r.nd shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate !or large mature trees.
 Add required amount of  No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous agitation is required  to keep the
 material in suspension.  Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown  Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1 ? Ibs. per  acre at pink
 bud Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during halt-to full bloom.
 APPLES. PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount  of No-Disease  per  acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze  livestock m  treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery  Mildew. Sooty Blotch. Fh/specli-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at ' i" green tip and repeat at 7 to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. M an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after  the infection period m order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection.  With Golden  Delicious apples.
 adverse  effects on fruit  finish and color may result, if finish  and color are of
 primary  importance, do  not use more  than 4 oz  per 100 gals
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp.. Penicilliutn sp.. Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6oz. per 100 gals.  1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz  per 100 gals
 Overwintering Scab (Applej)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
 leaf drop Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinia). Gray Mold (Botrytri)-Apply 1' > to 2
 tb«. per acre  at 25A> to 50% bloom; repeat  at peak  bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days  of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock.
 CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS.  MELONS,  SUMMER AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
 -Apply 4 to 8 oz per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14.day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1'. Ibs
 per acre, a surfactant may be added to the spray  to improve wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and  repeat at 7 to 14 day inter
 vals through  the bloom  period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications at
 'irst appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long),  and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set, Continjeat 3 to 4 week intervals. Do not appty within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Verlicillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to  bed surface at the rate ot 12'/i gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
after casmg and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if  disease has occurred, apply to
beds a'ter pickingand repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days ot harvest.
PEANUTS: Cercospora Leaf spot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21-
day  intervals as needed.  Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               CONT1MUIO ON muff PAKll
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                  Wettable Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl l-(b'jtylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2 • beiuimidazolecarbam ate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           us F*t.. i.wi.m t i.tii.iTt    ERA Est.  1352-WV-1
                      50%
                      50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                               Keep out of reach of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                           Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin, eyes,  and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                           In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty ot water: for  eyes, get medical
                                                                                           attention.
                                                                                           IMPORTANT—Never allow No-Disease to become wet during storage.  This may lead
                                                                                           to ceriam chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                           cide. Keep container closed when not in use.  Do not re-use container; crush and
                                                                                           bury when empty.
                                                                                           This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not appty
                                                                                           when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                           by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET   50  LBS.
                                                                                           B-21150  8-73*                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                     Chemical City, West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab, Brown Uafspot, Downy Spot, Puw<«| MMav-A«0ly
Vi to 1 Ib. per acre: use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepolUnation whan
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
weed intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThMavtopsts pandoxa)-Use 1U fee. per
100 (jals. of water as preplant dip treatment, immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES. NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Appry 150 to 400 gals, of spray par acn
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent amount of  No-Diiease
per ucre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use V4
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full btoorn;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of '/i Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab—shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Frutt Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use M Ib. per (00 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and AKernaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery MiMew, Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10 to 14-day intervals, using lh Ib. per  acre. Anthncnose—Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (ptant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14-  to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Cenrtocystfs paradoza)-Apply
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold D/p—UseS oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for  food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew,  Black Spot);  FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Moid): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespponful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and  repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weaBaa.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip, Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris); Fusartum and PMlcMum
Rots-Use 1% Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.). preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO  BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label us*
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of  this  material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                          cn
                                                                                                          I
                                                                                                          m
                                                                                                          m

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             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
        Ann-weed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
              Total:
          100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                KIUDFJD
                Chemical Company
                Chemical City, West Virginia
                  52

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                                         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Ol Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Ot Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed  will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces.
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches         Recommended _ Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate —  for Band
                                             Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given.
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory     Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                  Rate per acre of Anti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Bell • •
15 IDS.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas. Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops.  3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           53

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                                  PESTS
                                 UNIT II
                   ANSWERS TO  ASSIGNMENT SHEET
1.     a.    Insects

      b.    Larva

2.     a.    Plant diseases  (fungi)

      b.    Parasitic

3.     a.    Weeds

      b.    Both

      c.    Annuals
                                    55

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                                   PESTS
                                   UNIT II
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions. (Definitions are continued
      on  the  following  page.)
            a. Any living thing
           _b. Harmful condition which  affects plant
               life

            c. Unwanted  organism
            d. Organism that lives and feeds  in or on
               another  organism

            e. Small  invertebrate  animal with  three
               body regions and six jointed legs;  may
               have  two, four, or  no wings

            f. One-celled microorganism  which causes
               wilts, cankers, and other plant diseases

            g. Immature  stage of an  insect that  does
               not  look like an  adult  insect

            h. Immature  stage of an insect that looks
               similar to  an adult  insect

            _i. Small  roundworm  that  feeds on or in
               plants and animals

            j. Signal that  something  is wrong  in  a
               plant, such as change in growth habits

            _k. Plant that grows  two  years,  produces
               seed, and  then  dies

            I. Stages  in  the  life  development  of
               organisms

            m. Nonfeeding,  usually immobile stage  of
               an  insect before becoming an adult

            n. Animals  closely related to  insects  but
               with  two  body regions,  eight jointed
               legs,  and no  wings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Pest
I nsect
Mite, tick,
and spider
Plant
disease
Nematode
Parasite
Life cycle
Larva
Pupa
Nymph
Organism
Fungus
Bacterium
Annual
Plant disease
symptom or
sign
Vertebrate
Perennial
Biennial
                                      57

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      	o.  Plant that normally lives for more than
                two years

      	p.  Small plant which causes rot, mold, and
                other plant  diseases

      	q.  Animal  with a bony  spinal column

      	r.  Plant that  grows from seed,  produces
                seed  the same  year, and  then  dies

2.     List three main  groups of pests.

      a.

       b.

      c.

3.     List three ways  insects may  damage crops.

      a.,

       b.

      c.

4.     List two  ways insects affect livestock and  man.

      a.

       b.

5.     Name  two  identifying characteristics common  to all adult insects.

      a.

       b.

6.     Name  two  characteristics which aid in distinguishing one insect from another.

      a.

       b.
                                      58

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   7.     Identify  the four stage life cycle of insects  by writing the correct names in
          the blanks provided.
  b.
   8.      Identify the three stage life cycle of  insects by writing the correct names  in
          the  blanks provided.
b.
                                         59

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 9.     Name three  identifying characteristics of  mites, ticks, and  spiders.

        a.

        b.

        c.

10.     List  three  vertebrate pest animals.

        a.

        b.

        c.

11.     State the difference  between  grasses and  broadleaf  plants.
12.     Classify the following plants  as annuals  (A), biennials (B), or perennials (P) by
        placing  an "A", B", or  "P"  in front of  each plant  name.

        	a.  Foxtail

        	b.  Mullein

        	c.  Henbit

        	d.  Johnson  grass

13.     List two  main  causes  of  plant  diseases.

        a.

        b.

14.     Classify the  following  causes of plant diseases as parasitic (P) or nonparasitic
        (N)  by  placing a "P"  or "N" in front of each  cause.

        	a.  Air pollution

        	b.  Chemicals

        	c.  Bacteria

        	d.  Fungi
                                         60

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15.    List four symptoms of plant diseases.



       a.



       b.



       c.



       d.



16.    Describe symptoms of  nematode damage.
17.     Name  four  sources for aid in  identifying  pests.



        a.



        b.



        c.



        d.



18.     Interpret  the  label on the following page to answer the questions below.



        a.   What type of pests does  this pesticide control?








        b.   When applied at 5# per acre, what types of weeds will this pesticide control?
                                      61

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ro
                                                 PRECAUTIONARY

                                                    STATEMENTS

                                               HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                     (CAUTION)

                                           Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
                                           directly to human*. Car* thould ba taken
                                           to avoid inhalation of dutt or tprav mitt,
                                           or prolonged contact with ikin. In case
                                           of contact, Immediately  flush eve* or
                                           tkln  with large amount* of water. Get
                                           medical  attention if irritation pertittt.
                                           Wear lately goggle* or  face thield when
                                           handling.

                                            ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                           Keep out of lake*, firearm, or pondi. Do
                                           not apply when weather condition! favor
                                           drift from target erea.
                                               DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                             GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

                                           It it a violation of Federal lew to UM thif
                                           product in a manner incontinent with itt
                                           labeling.
                                              STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                                           Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                                           by ttorege or ditpotal. Open dumping it
                                           prohibited. Pesticide,  tprav mixture, or
                                           rintate that can not'be uted or chemically
                                           reproceteed  thould be disposed of in a
                                           landfill approved for pettickletor burled
                                           in a tafe place away from water supplies.
                                           Containers thould be  ditpoMd of In tn
                                           incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                                           cide conttinert. or buried in a cafe piece.
                                           Contult Federal, State, or locel disposal
                                           authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                           dure* tuch a* limited open burning.
            VDE WEED^i
                         HERBICIDE
                   WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                  ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                  INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                  TOTAL:
                                         tri-azoic acid   80.0%
                                                         20.0%
                                                       100.0%
KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF CHILDREN



                   CAUTION


           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF SWALLOWED Indue* vomiting
      IF INHALED Remove to treth air.
      IF IN EVES Fluth eyetwith plenty Of water
      IF ON SKIN Remove clothing and w««h with detergent and weter.
                                                                                                                  MFC  BY A-Z CHEMICALS -
                                                                                                                        Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                                           EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-1
                                                                                                              EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

DeWaed li for weed control In certain crept,
ornamental planting*, on Induttrlal tltet, and
around-the-farm.  It thould be applied before
weed* emerge or following remove) of weed
growth. It control* e wide variety  of annual
breed leaf end greet weed* when uted at (elec-
tive rete* in agriculture) crop* end ornamental
planting When used et higher, non-eelectlve
ratet in non crop areet, It aleo control* many
perennial broad leaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Ute conventional
(prey  equipment  with  80° flet-f*n noiile*.
Screen* in tprav system thould be no finer
than 50 meth. Ute a pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40 pti at noiile*. UM hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-
plication to  maintain a uniform tutpen*lon.
Aerial application: Use only  where specified
in the u*e directions

BLUEBERRIES and  CANEBERRlES (black-
berries, boytenberriet,  loganberriet, ratpber.
ries)-Quec kg/at*. Apply 5  Ibs per  acre in the
fail or split  the application applying 2Vt Ibt
per acre in the fall plut 254 Ibt per acre in the
Wring, when  quackgrati it growing. Do not
apply when fruit it present.
                                                                                                                                                                                     Old (Northeettern  U.S. or
                                                                                                                                                                                                             a than one year
                                                                                                                                                                                                             V)-Menbtt. wild
wild oats, end pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before June 1) may
be treated in the fall after the latt cutting but
before troien ground conditions. Apply  1 Ib.
of DeWeed per acre. For ground application
apply in a minimum o' 2ft gait, of water per
acre.

GRASSES  GROWN  FOR SEED  (Pacific
Northwest  only).  Perennial  ryegratt.  tall
fescue end fine fescues, such  at  Pennlawn,
Chewingt, Raniar, and related tpeciet. Control
of broad leaf weedt and annual gratset includ-
ing annual ryegratt. remit fetcue. tilver  hair-
gran and downy brome.  Apply  2ft Ibt of
DeWeed in a minimum of IS gait of water
per acre at toon at fall raint ttart. Apply only
to grattet 'from  which et least one seed  crop
hat been cut.

WEED  CONTROL  on  industrial titet,  high.
way medians, and shoulders, railroad rights-of
way. lumber yerdt, end in non-crop areat on
f»rmt tuch at around buildings, fuel ttorage
•r«a»,  along  fences,  roedtidet,  and la net.
Aerial application may be made where it it
feasible.. Use at leest 1 gel of water tor each 1
Ib. of DeWeed:  use more water it practical
for both ground and  aerial application. To
control annual b road tea f and grass weed* (In-
cluding  barnyard  grew,  cheat,  erabgran.
lambtquart*rt, foxtail. ragwMd, puncturevine
and mullein), apply 6-12* tbt. per acre. To
control  most  annual  end many perennial
broad leaf and grati weeds (including quack-
grass,  bluegrets,  redtop,  burdock.  Canada
thlitle, orcherdgrett. dogfennel, end plantain),

to-kill perennial weedt  (including bull thistle
end tow thistle), apply 25-50 IDS. per acre.
                                                                                                                   NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                                    PESTS
                                   UNIT  II
                             ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   11            g.    8             m.  9

       b.   4             h.    10            n.   3

       c.   1             i.    5             o.   17

       d.   6             j.    15            p.   12

       e.   2             k.    18            q.   16

       f.   13            I.    7             r,   14

2.     Any three of the  following:

       a.   Insects

       b.   Mites,  ticks,  and spiders

       c.   Plant diseases

       d.   Nematodes

       e.   Vertebrate  animals

       f.   Weeds

3.     Any three of the  following:

       a.   Feed on foliage,  seeds, fruits, and other plant parts

       b.   Tunnel  or  bore into stems,  stalks, and  branches

       c.   Feed on and  tunnel  in roots

       d.   Suck the sap from  leaves, stems, and branches

       e.   Carry plant disease  agents

4.     Any two of the following:

       a.   Blood  sucking

       b.   Direct  attack  and spread  of disease organisms

       c.   Living  on or  in the  animal

       d.   Contaminating agricultural products
                                      63

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 5.    a.   Six jointed  legs
       b.   Three  body regions
 6.    a.   Wings
       b.   Mouthparts
 7.    a.   Egg
       b.   Larva
       c.   Pupa
       d.   Adult
 8.    a.   Egg
       b.   Nymph
       c.   Nymph
       d.   Adult
 9.    a.   Eight jointed  legs
       b.   Two body regions
       c.   No wings
10.    Any three  of  the  following:
       a.   Birds
       b.   Mammals
       c.   Fish
       d.   Reptiles
       e.   Amphibians
11.    a.   Grasses have  long narrow  leaves and parallel veins
       b.   Broadleaf plants  have wide,  flat leaves and  netted veins
12.    a.   A            c.    A
       b.   B            d.    P
13.    a.   Nonparasitic
       b.   Parasitic
                                       64

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14.    a.   N             c.   P




       b.   N             d.   P



15.    Any four of the following:




       a.   Decaying or rotting




       b.   Abnormal growth




       c.   Underdevelopment or stunting




       d.   Wilting




       e.   Discoloration




16.    Description  should include:




       a.   Similar to  plant disease  symptoms on  plant parts above ground




       b.   Swollen and  misshapen roots and sometimes galls




17.    a.   Vocational  agriculture instructor




       b.   County  extension  agent




       c.   Pesticide dealer or representative




       d.   Land  grant or other  universities




18.    a.   Weeds




       b.   Annual  broadleaf  and grass weeds
                                       65

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                         ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                      UNIT III
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should be able to discuss reasons for protecting
the environment, select from  a list the ways pesticides  aid in making the environment
better,  and  interpret  pesticide  labels.  This  knowledge  will  be  evidenced  through
demonstration and  by scoring  eighty-five  percent  on the unit test.
                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion of this unit, the student  should  be able to:

        1.     Match terms associated with pesticides and  environmental protection to the
              correct definitions.

        2.     List  resources necessary  for man  to  exist.

        3.     Discuss  in  a  short  paragraph  the  reasons for protecting the environment.

        4.     Select from a list ways  pesticides help the environment.

        5.     List  ways  improper use  of  pesticides can  harm the environment.

        6.     Explain  in a short paragraph how pesticides may  disrupt the food chain
              or food web.

        7.     Match the  classifications  of  pesticides according to buildup to the correct
              definitions.

        8.     List  things the applicator must consider before  applying a pesticide on or
              near desirable plants and animals.

        9.     Name the  major ways by which  pesticides  accumulate.

       10.     List  means by which pesticides pollute  streams,  ponds, and  water systems.

       11.     Discuss in a short paragraph  ways pesticides may aid the target pest instead
              of controlling it.

       12.     Interpret pesticide labels correctly when given questions on environmental
              protection  and labels.
                                        67

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                    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                UNIT III
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

     A.  Provide student  with  objective  sheet.

     B.  Provide student  with  information and  assignment sheets.

     C.  Make transparencies.

     D.  Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

     E.  Discuss information and  assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using
         labels common to the community.)

     F.  Ask students to clip  magazine and newspaper  articles which demonstrate
         ways that  pesticides improve the environment and  to  list other ways.

     G.  Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.  Read the objective sheet.

     B.  Read and study information sheet.

     C.  Complete assignment  sheets.

     D.  Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.  TM  1-Food Chain  or Food Web

     B.  TM  2-First Overlay

     C.  TM  3-Second Overlay
                                   69

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     D.     TM 4--Third Overlay

     E.     TM 5--Accumulation of Pesticides

     F.     TM 6--First Overlay

     G.     TM 7-Second Overlay

     H.     TM 8-Pollution by Pesticides

IV.  Assignment sheets

     A.     Assignment Sheet #1--Draw a Food  Chain  or Food  Web Using Farm
            Animals

     B.     Assignment Sheet #2--lnterpret Pesticide Labels

 V.  Answers to assignment sheets
                                   70

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                     ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                 UNIT III
                          INFORMATION  SHEET


 I.   Terms  and definitions

     A.   Environment-Surroundings such as water,  air, soil,  plants, and animals

     B.   Ecology-Study  of the relationship between  a plant or  animal  and its
          surroundings

     C.   Food chain or  food  web-Way of  describing  how all animals  depend on
          others for food

          (NOTE:  It is  the relationship among plants, plant-eaters, and meat-eaters.)

     D.   Phytotoxicity-Causing injury  to plant life; poisonous to  plant life

     E.   Vaporization-Process  of becoming  a  gas

     F.   Drift-Movement of pesticide droplets or particles by wind and air currents

     G.   Target-Area,  building, plant,  animal,  or pest  intended to be treated with
          pesticide

     H.   Residue-Amount  of  pesticide that remains on or in a crop or animal or
          on a surface  following application

 II.   Resources necessary  for man to exist

     (NOTE: The  surroundings in which man lives and  the resources he depends on
     make up  his  environment.)

     A.   Place to  live

     B.   Clean water

     C.   Clean air

     D.   Food

     E.   Clean soil

III.   Reasons for protecting the environment

     A.   Clean water  is  essential  for  man  and  animal

     B.   Clean soil is  necessary to  grow crops

     C.   Clean air to  breathe  is essential
                                    71

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET

     D.   Bees and  other pollinators  must be protected
     E.   Wildlife is essential  for a balance of  nature
     F.   Recreational  areas are desirable for man
IV.  Ways pesticides help environment
     A.   Control pests
     B.   Enable more food  to be produced  on same  area
     C.   Control plant diseases,  parasites, and  insects
     D.   Control animal diseases, parasites, and insects
     E.   Preserve outdoor activities
 V.  Ways improper use  of pesticides harm the environment
     A.   Cause  nature imbalance
     B.   Pollute streams and water supply
     C.   Pollute crops
     D.   Pollute soil
     E.   Injure  desirable plants
     F.   Residue in meat animals
VI.  How pesticides may  disrupt  a   food  chain or  food  web  (Transparency  1,
     Assignment Sheet #1)
     A.   Each  animal  has a  place in  a food chain or food web, depending on the
          type of food it  eats
             1.      Animals that  eat  only plants are on  the lowest  level
             2.      Animals which eat plants and animals, including insects, are on
                    the next  level
             3.      Animals that  eat  only meat are on the  top level
     B.   Meat eaters may be harmed  by pesticides by eating other animals that have
          accumulated  pesticides  in their  bodies
          (NOTE: Animals do  not have to  directly contact the pesticide spray  or
          application for it to cause  harm.)
     C.   When plants or animals, including insects, in the  lower  level of a food chain
          or food web are killed  by  pesticides, animals  in levels above them may
          starve
                                    72

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


 VII.   Classifications of pesticides according to buildup

       A.   Accumulative-Pesticide that can  collect  and build  up in the body of an
           animal or plant when the animal or plant is repeatedly exposed

           (NOTE: This  pesticide does not readily break down;  it may build up in
           an animal's  body  until  it  becomes harmful.)

       B.   Nonaccumulative-Pesticide that does not collect and build up in the body
           of an animal or plant even when the animal or plant is repeatedly exposed

           (NOTE: This  chemical may or  may  not break  down rapidly into other
           relatively harmless materials.)

       C.   Persistent-Pesticide that stays in  the environment for a rather long  period
           of time

           (NOTE: This chemical does not necessarily build up but can  be  harmful.
           For  example,  atrazine in  the soil does not harm  animals or  wildlife but
           does  restrict growth of certain  plants for a long time after application.)

       D.   Nonpersistent-Pesticide that does not stay in the environment for  a long
           period of time

           (NOTE: This  chemical breaks down  into  relatively harmless  materials.)

VIII.   Things applicator must consider before applying pesticide on or  near  desirable
       plants and animals

       A.   Type of pesticide

           (NOTE: Herbicides may  be especially hazardous to desirable  plants.)

       B.   Movement

           (NOTE:  Movement  may  include  drift,  runoff,  erosion,  leaching,  and
           vaporization.)

       C.   Weather conditions

           (NOTE: Weather  conditions may include soil  moisture, rain, humidity,
           temperature, and  light.)

       D.   Form of pesticide

           (NOTE: Granules and low pressure sprays are less likely to move off target
           than  dusts  and high  pressure sprays.)

       E.   Proper dosage

           (NOTE: Overdosing may cause phytotoxicity even when proper doses will
           not.)
                                     73

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET
     F.   Persistence
          (NOTE: Persistent pesticides may affect future plants to be grown in that
          area.)

     G.   Type of pesticide used previously  in the sprayer

          (NOTE: Even very  small  amounts  of some herbicides which  may remain
          in  the  sprayer can  cause  phytotoxicity on  sensitive plants.)

          (CAUTION:  Before applying any  pesticide,  READ  THE  LABEL  AND
          FOLLOW  DIRECTIONS.)

IX.  Major ways  pesticides accumulate (Transparencies  2, 3, 4, and 5)

     A.   Through a food  chain  when  animals eat  plants or other  animals

     B.   By building up to high levels over a period of  time when taken in directly
          and stored  in the animal

 X.  Means   by  which  pesticides  pollute   streams,  ponds,  and  water systems
     (Transparencies 6, 7,  and 8)

     A.   Overdose and overuse

     B.   Runoff by  irrigation

     C.   Runoff caused by  rain

     D.   Drift and  vaporization

     E.   Carelessness

     F.   Improper disposal of containers

     G.   Improper disposal of unused chemicals

XI.  Ways pesticide  may aid  target  pest instead  of controlling it

     A.   Death of natural enemy

     B.   Resistance to chemical
                                   74

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               Food Chain or Food Web
(31

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                First Overlay
Pesticide on Fruit
                                                              -H
                                                              ^
                                                              N)

-------
                         Second  Overlay
CD
            Weeks Later - Residue
                                                                   H
                                                                   ^
                                                                   CO

-------
                               Third  Overlay
                ••;••• . • •*
                /•••••/••
00
               Months Later -
                  Possible Toxic Amount

-------
                  Accumulation of Pesticides
00
GO
          Pesticide on Fruit Trees

-------
                          First Overlay
00
CJ1
                                                                   -\

                                                                   o>

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                    Second Overlay
00

-------
00
CO
                    Pollution by Pesticides
                                                                00

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                   UNIT  III
             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--DRAW A  FOOD CHAIN OR
                      FOOD WEB USING FARM ANIMALS
Draw  a  food  chain or food web  using crops such as hay, forage, or grain and animals
such as  cattle, calves, sheep,  poultry,  hogs, and goats.
                                      91

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                        ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                                    UNIT III
           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #2--INTERPRET PESTICIDE LABELS
Read  the  labels provided on the following pages  and answer the questions below.

(NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using labels common
to the community.)

   1.     Using the De  Metho  label, answer the questions below.

         a.    Is there  a potential  problem if  De Metho  is the choice of pesticide and
              your farm is next to a  bird sanctuary  or  wildlife refuge?  Explain your
              answer.
         b.  Would De Metho be a good choice  of pesticide if your crops were in full
             bloom? Explain your answer.
   2.     Using the Anti-Weed label, answer the questions below.

         a.    Is there  a  potential  problem if  Anti-Weed  is the choice of pesticide and
              your farm  is next to a  bird sanctuary  or  wildlife refuge?  Explain your
              answer.
                                       93

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      b.   Would Anti-Weed  be a good  choice of pesticide if your crops were next
           to sensitive plants  such  as  flowers? Explain your  answer.
      c.   Would Anti-Weed be a good choice of pesticide if you want to plant beans
           in that field the next year? Why?
      d.   How would you classify this pesticide using the buildup classification? Mark
           the blank  by the correct  answer.

           	1) Persistent

           	2) Nonpersistent
3.     Using  the No-Disease label, answer the questions below.
      a.   Is there  a potential problem if No-Disease is the choice of  pesticide and
           drift or  runoff  would likely  enter a stream? Explain your  answer.
      b.   Would No-Disease be a  good choice of a  pesticide if your crops  were in
           full bloom.  Explain your answer.
                                     94

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CO
01


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poleonou* bv twatlowing or Inhalation.
Oo not breathe ipray mitt. Oo not oat In
eye*. Avoid contact witn ikln, UM only
whan wearing tn« following protective
aoulpmant end clothing, wear tightly-
wOvan cotton Overall,, waterproof hat.
u'atv goggiat and/of face ihlald. W««r •
matk or reiplretor Jointly approvad by
tha Mining Enforcement and Safaty
Adminiitration and by tha National
Haatth. Before removing glove*, watn
them with datargant and watar. Atway*
pant and watar before tmoking, aating
or drinking, for emergency aitlttan^a,
can 000 000 0000.
ehoiinauawa inhibito'. Oo not u»e
0*tmei »uch ai 2-FAM. Give Atropina 2
me. tntrevenoutly of lubcutanaoutly. If
C'ota tuperviiiOn o' tha patiant it indi-
catad lor at l»«*t 48 hou't.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thu pa«ticida it tone to wildlife and
. fitn. UM with car a whan applying in
area* frequented by wildlita or adjacent
nr«am» or ponctt. Do not apply whara
runoff it likely to occur. Do not apply
whan waathar condition* favor drift
from target area. Oo not contaminaia
watar by cleaning of equipment or di*-
pout of watte*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
s\
(Q
V. 	
DIRECTIONS FOR USE S\
It if a violation of Federal law to u*e thit \
product in a manner incontinent with It* \X
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 houri after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-Do not contaminate water,
food, or feed by ttorege or dlieotal.
Open dumping it prohibit ad. DISCOS-
AL-feetlcide. tprey mUture. or rinut*
tt»ei cannot be uaad or chemkally repro-
caaaid thouid b* diipoaad of In a landfill
approved Igr p«atlctd«e or buried in a
Ufa plac* away from watar tupplHN,
Container* *nould be triple r in ted and
offered for recycling, recondition inf. «*
dlipoeed In approved landfill or buried In
• te'e place.
Co-neult Federal, Sure or locaJ Dlapoaal
aMthorltwe for approve* alternate proce-
dure*.




RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

•ft^DE METHoAlX
^\
^
$
&
INSECTICIDE ^ ^\ \ V^ 3
Emulsifiable Concentrate \ r^^
^ '*\ v ""* s\ X
ACTIVE INGREDIiHTV METWO^L -\{s$4%
INERT INGRJSfAErm: ^ S^\,> 76%
TOTAL: ~ ^ ''..-* 100%
. ^- >
^X\ Net Content: 50 gallons
^WsĄRjpUCT'&pNf>fflS/.8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
.--^JErahTHVl^A/SEGiSTWrfb TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
.^
:\ ^
iiCEfr^Ut OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
wafm watar. Repeat until vomitoj is clear Call a phytician imr
IF IN EVES -'Ruth eves with plenty ot water tor at least 15 minut<
physician immediately.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

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GNMENT SHEET #2

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            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
        Meed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
             Total:
         100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                KILL  DEAD
                Chemical Company
                Chemical City, West Virginia
                  96

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                                         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #2
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-Dead makes no other
express or Implied warranty ol Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed  will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed   acts mainly through root absorption,  its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                             Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches       „ Recommended  _ Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate  — for  Band
                                             Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates  is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum           Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass         Sandbur               Smartweed
  (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass             Lambsquarters         Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed   Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                 Rate per acre ol  Anti-Weed
                                       Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15 Ibs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules.  3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          97
              Environmental  Protoctisji  Agency
              La>rary                           Room 2404
                         Street,   SW,  WSM  PM-213

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                                          DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                            PECANS: Pecan Scab, Brawn Leafspot, Downy Spot. Pw
CO
00
                      No-DtseaM Benomyl  Fungicide should  be  used  only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended tor the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides  systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Diiease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 yourKill-Cteadrepresentative); consideration should be given to  prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 onl>). use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate lor large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Diteasa to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means; continuous agitation  is required to keep the
 material in suspension.  Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown  Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1 ? Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment or  equivalent amount  of  No-Diieate per  acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in  treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery  Mildew, Sooty Blotch, Ftyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at '/>" green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse  effects on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are  of
 primary  importance, do  not use more than 4 oz.  per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp.. PenkiIlium sp., Gtoeosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to  be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 02.  per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apptes)-Appty 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
 leat drop. Thorough  wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Appty l'i to 2
 Ibv per acre at 25% to 50% bloom:  repeat at  peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to  livestock.
 CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS.  MELONS,  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mi Mew, Antnracnose
 —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAM!A NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply H. Ibs.
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray  to improve wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1  to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14 day inter-
 vals through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Arrtrtracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications at
 first appearance ol panicles (approx. 2" long), arvl repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Vertfcillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib.  per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of 12'A gals, per 1000 sq. ft. Appty immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply withm 2 days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercoipon Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               COMTlNMa ON MOOT MNO.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Bcnomyl [fttothyl Hbutykartomoyl)
                                                                                             2-benzinwlazolKartumate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u.!. Nh I.KI.JII > I.UI.IM    EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                                                                     50%
                                                                   .  .50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EVES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly alter using. Keep away from lire or sparks.

In case ot contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty ol water: for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT—Never allow No-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container: crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds.  Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal ot wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50  LBS.
                                                                                           8 21150  8-73A                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                     Chemical City,  West Virginia
Vt to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepolllnatton when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (ThMavteptte paradoia)-Use 1V< Ibs.  per
100 gals, ot water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS. CHERRIES, NECTARINES.
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gats, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or  equivalent amount  of  No-Oiuate
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze Itvettock in treated orchard..
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, FniH Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use vi
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full btoom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of'/; ib. per 100 gals, as indicated:  Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck (all and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest ; use »lb. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhl-
lopus spp. and AKemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery Mildew. Leaf Scotch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to  14-day intervals, using Vi Ib. per acre. Anthracnose-Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cereospon Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystls paradoza)-AppJy
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  CoWD/p-Use8oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting: remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50eC. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew.  Black Spot); FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold): FieM and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tabJespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses,  use
1 ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip, Gladtotu*. Daffodil, Irta); Fusartutn and PwUcHum
Rots-Use 1 **t Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoontuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for is to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85'F.). preterabty within 48 hours
alter digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Setler warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of  this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
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Assignment Sheet
    Hay or
Grazing Forage
                         ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                                    UNIT III
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS
                                                                        Pet Food
                                             Humans
     Feed '
                                                   Humans
Assignment Sheet #2

     1.   De  Metho

         a.    Yes. The environmental hazards statement states that this is toxic to birds
              and  other  wildlife and  gives warning not to apply where runoff or drift
              is likely to occur

         b.    No.  It  is  toxic to bees and  should  not  be used  when  bees  are actively
              visiting an  area

     2.   Anti-Weed

         a.    No.  There  is no  warning  about wildlife  hazards

         b.    No.  Do not apply near desirable plants; it may  cause  injury
                                       99

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     c.    No. Anti-Weed  is a persistent pesticide. For certain crops, including beans,
          it would be  likely that  injury would occur  if planted the next year on
          treated soil

     d.    Persistent

3.   No-Disease

     a.    Yes.  No-Disease is toxic  to  fish.  Keep  out of lakes, streams,  and ponds

     b.    Yes.  There is no  statement  concerning  bee hazards
                                    100

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                ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
                            UNIT  III
                              TEST
Match  the terms on  the  right to the correct  definitions.
      a. Amount of pesticide that remains on or
         in a  crop or  animal  or on  a surface
         following application

     _b. Movement  of  pesticide  droplets   or
         particles by  wind and  air currents

     _c. Way  of  describing  how  all  animals
         depend on  others for food

     _d. Area,  building, plant,  animal,  or  pest
         intended  to  be treated  with  pesticide

     _e. Causing  injury to plant life;  poisonous
         to plant  life

      f. Study of  the relationship between a
         plant or animal and  its surroundings

      g. Surroundings  such as  water,  air,  soil,
         plants, and animals
	h. Process of becoming a gas

List three  resources necessary  for  man  to  exist.

a.


b.


c.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.


8.
Residue

Phytotoxicity

Target

Ecology

Drift

Environment

Food chain or
food  web

Vaporization
                               101

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3.     Discuss  in  a  short  paragraph the reasons for  protecting the environment.
4.     Select from the list  below ways  pesticides help the environment by placing an
       "X"  in  the blanks.

       	a. Kill  all insects

       	b. Control pests

       	c. Enable more  food to  be  produced on  same area

       	d. Control plant diseases, parasites,  and insects

       	e. Kill  fish

       	f.  Control animal  diseases,  parasites, and  insects

5.     List  two ways improper  use  of  pesticides  can harm  the environment.

       a.

       b.

6.     Explain  in a short paragraph how pesticides  may disrupt the food chain or food
       web.
                                     102

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       Match the classifications of pesticides on the  right to  the correct definitions.
                                                            1.
                                                           2.
                                                           3.
Accumulative
Persistent
Nonaccumulative
                                                           4.     Nonpersistent
 a.  Pesticide that stays in the environment
    for  a rather  long  period  of time

_b.  Pesticide that does not collect and build
    up  in the body of an  animal or plant
    even  when   the  animal   or  plant  is
    repeatedly exposed

 c.  Pesticide that can collect and  build up
    in the body of an  animal or plant when
    the  animal or plant is repeatedly exposed

 d.  Pesticide that  does  not  stay in the
    environment  for a  long period of time
 8.     List three things  the  applicator must  consider  before applying a pesticide on
        or  near  desirable  plants and animals.

        a.

        b.

        c.

 9.     Name  the two  major ways  pesticides  accumulate.

        a.

        b.

10.     List three means by which pesticides pollute streams, ponds, and water systems.

        a.

        b.

        c.

11.     Discuss in a short  paragraph ways pesticide may aid the target  pest instead of
        controlling  it.
                                      103

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        12.         Interpret  the  label   below   by   answering  the  following  questions.

                     a.      Is  there  a   potential  problem   if  De  Pesto  is  the  choice  of  pesticide  and
                              you  wish  to  spray  near  a  wooded  area  used  as a nesting  site  for  many game
                              birds?
                                         YES
                       NO
                                           Why?
                     b.      Is  there  a  potential  problem  if  De  Pesto  is the  choice  of  pesticide  to use
                              on   the  slopes  which   drain   into  your  farm  pond  or  local  stream?
                                         YES
                       NO
                                           Why?
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
 Polsonoui by swallowing or Inhalation.
 Do not breathe *pray mitt. Do not get In
 •V**. Avoid contact with tkln. Use only
 when  wearing tha following  protective
 equipment and clothing. Wear tightly -
 woven cotton overalls, waterproof hat.
 unlinad neoprene glove* and boots. Wear
 safety goggles and/or face shield. Wear a
 mask or respirator Jointly approved by
•tha  Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety
 Administration and bv  tha National
 Institute for  Occupational Safety  end
 Health. Before removing gloves, wash
 them with detergent and water. Always
 wash hands, face and arms with'deter-
 gent  and water before smoking, eating
 or drinking. For emergency  assistance.
 call OOO-OOO-OOOO.
 TO PHYSICIAN: De Pasto Is a reversible
 cholinesterase inhibitor.  Do not  use
 oximes such as 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
 mg. intravenously of subcutaneousty. If
 in eye,-instill one drop of Homatropine.
 Close supervision of the patient is indi-
 cated for at least 48 hours.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
 This pesticide is toxic  to wildlife and
 fish. Use with care when applying in
 areas frequented bv wildlife or adjacent
 to any body of water. Keep Out of lakes.
 streams or ponds. Oo not apply where
 runoff is likely to occur. Do not apply
 when weather conditions  favor  drift
 from target area. Do not contaminate
 water by cleaning of equipment or dis-
 posal of wastes.

    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

            HAZARDS
      DIRECTIONS FOR USE
 It is a violation of Federal law to use this
 product in a manner inconsistent with its
 labeling.

     RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
        (IF APPLICABLE)
 Do not enter within 48 hours after sfter
 application.

  CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
        (IF APPLICABLE)
    STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
 STORAGE-Do not contaminate water.
 food, or  feed by storage or disposal.
 Open dumping is prohibited. DISPOS-
 AL-Pesticide, tprey ml mure, or rtnsete
 thet cannot be used or chemically repro-
 cessed should be disposed of in a landfill
 approved  for pesticides or buried In a
 safe place away from water supplies.
 Containers should be  triple rinsed end
 offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
 disposed In approved landfill or burled in
 a safe piece.
 Consult Federal, State or local Disposal
 authorities for approved alternate proce-
 dure*.
  RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

      FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
    CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                   DIRECT SUPERVISION
                     INSECTICIDE
            EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid   45.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS:                           55.0%
TOTAL:                                         100.0%
 THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
KEEP OUT  OF  REACH  OF CHILDREN
         DANGER  -  POISON
          STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

IF SWALLOWED - Induce vomiting by giving a tabletpoonful of salt in * glass of
  warm water. Repeat until vomlius is clear. Call a physician immediately.
IF INHALED - Remove to fresh air. Call a physician immediately.
IF IN EYES • Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a
  physician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and Immediately
  wash skin with detergent end water.


             SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL

               PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
               MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                  CHEMTON. NEVADA

                EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-l
           EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42

               NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                                                  DIRECTIONS FOR USE

                                                                                      CONTINUED


                                                                           mum galloneoe requirement it 10 gallons of
                                                                           finished spray P*r acre with ground equip-
                                                                           ment. 2 gallons per ecre with aircraft.
                                                                           ALFALFA: Air  and Ground Application-
                                                                           Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
                                                                           Larvae. Pee Aphid, end In New York state for
                                                                           Snout Beetle control. Apply the amount of
                                                                           De Pe«to Indicated In tha chart, when feeding
                                                                           is  noticed or when  insects  appear. Alfalfa
                                                                           Weevil Adult-Apply  1-7 pints per acre when
                                                                           insect* appear, Lygus Bugs-Apply 2 pints per
                                                                           ecre prior to bloom. Observe the Indicated
                                                                           number of days after application before cut-
                                                                           ting or gracing. Do not apply more than once
                                                                           per season. Apply only to field planted to
                                                                           pure stands of Alfalfa.
                                                                               Pints of              Oo Not Cut
                                                                              De Pasto               or Graze
                                                                              Per Acre                Within

                                                                                K                  7 days
                                                                            CORN, FIELD:  Ground Application-Corn
                                                                            Rootworms-Ute  IK Pints  of Da Pesto per
                                                                            13,000 linear feet (1 acre with 40 inch spec-
                                                                            ing). Apply, at planting, as a 7 inch band Over
                                                                            the row or inject on each side of the row by
                                                                            mixing with water or liquid fertilizers. When
                                                                            Da Pesto  li used with liquid fertilizers, mix in
                                                                            the following way making sure that the mix-
                                                                            ture is physically compatible. Premlx 1 Dart
                                                                            of OePeato with 2  pant of water. Add this
                                                                            premlx to the tank of fertilizer along with
                                                                            rinsings from tha premising container. Main-
                                                                            tain egitetlon in  the tank after  mining and
                                                                            during application. Do not mix until reedy to
                                                                                                 lorer-Apply 1-1H
                                                                                                           •rial
                                                                            equipment. Check  sugarcane fields weakly,
                                                                            beginning In  early June and  continuing
                                                                            through  August. Make first application only
                                                                            after visible joints form end 5%  or more of
                                                                            the plants are infested with young larvae feed-
                                                                            ing in or under tha leaf sheath and which have
                                                                            not bored into the stalks. Repeat whenever
                                                                            field checks indicate the infestation exceed)
                                                                            5%. Do not apply within 17 days of harvest.
                                                                            Do not use in Hawaii.
                                                                            and Ground application-Citrus thrips—Apply
                                                                            De Petto at S to I Ib. per acre. Use sufficient
                                                                            water to obtain thorough coverage (5 to IS
                                                                            gels/acre bv air). Use tha higher rate on severe
                                                                            infestations of thrips. Apply  In the early
                                                                            spring before bloom  when the new growth Is
                                                                            about 3 to 4 Inches long. Make additional ap-
                                                                            plications es needed until tha new fruit is wal-
                                                                            nut size. Application  at petal fall may be criti-
                                                                            cal to  prevent fruit scarring. Applications
                                                                            during mid-summer to protect new growth on
                                                                            young trees ere elso recommended.

                                                                            Do not apply within  3 days of harvest. Do not
                                                                            grete livestock In treated orchards for 10 days
                                                                            after treatment.

                                                                            POTATO:  Tuberworm.  cabbage  looper,
                                                                            ephtds, and In areas east of the  Mississippi
                                                                            Rive*,  leefhoppers and flee beetles. Apply
                                                                            De Pesto at Indicated rates when field checks
                                                                            Indicate the insect Infestation Is  above  5%.
                                                                            Tuberworm. cebbege tooper and aphid-apply
                                                                            H to 1 Ib.  per acre. Leefhopper end  flee

                                                                            within 14 days of herven.
                                                                           104

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                       ENVIRONMENTAL  PROTECTION
                                   UNIT III
                             ANSWERS TO TEST


1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
5
7
3
e.
f.
g-
h.
2
4
6
8
2.     Any  three of  the  following:

       a.   Place to live

       b.   Clean water

       c.   Clean air

       d.   Food

       e.   Clean soil

3.     Discussion should  include:

       a.   Clean water  is essential for man  and animal

       b.   Clean soil  is necessary to grow crops

       c.   Clean air  to  breathe is essential

       d.   Bees and  other pollinators  must  be  protected

       e.   Wildlife is essential  for a balance of nature

       f.   Recreational  areas are desirable for  man

4.     b, c, d, f

5.     Any  two of the following:

       a.   Cause nature  imbalance

       b.   Pollute  streams and water  supply

       c.   Pollute  crops

       d.   Pollute  soil

       e.   Injure desirable plants

       f.   Residue in meat animals
                                     105

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 6.     Explanation  should include:

       a.   Each  animal has a place in a food chain or food web, depending on  the
            type of food it  eats

               1)     Animals that eat only plants  are on  the  lowest  level

               2)     Animals which eat plants and  animals, including insects, are on
                     the  next level

               3)     Animals that eat only meat are on the top level

       b.   Meat eaters may be harmed by pesticides by eating other animals that have
            accumulated pesticides in  their bodies

       c.   When plants or animals, including insects, in the lower level  of the food
            chain or food web  are killed by  pesticides, animals in levels above them
            may starve

 7.     a.   2             c.   1

       b.   3             d.   4

 8.     Any three of the  following:

       a.   Type of pesticide

       b.   Movement

       c.   Weather conditions

       d.   Form of pesticide

       e.   Proper  dosage

       f.   Persistence

       g.   Type of pesticide used previously in  the sprayer

 9.     a.   Through a  food chain when  animals  eat  plants or other animals

       b.   By building up  to high levels over a period of time when taken in directly
            and  stored  in the animal

10.     Any three of the following:

       a.   Overdose  and overuse

       b.   Runoff by irrigation

       c.   Runoff caused  by rain

       d.   Drift and  vaporization
                                     106

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       e.    Carelessness




       f.    Improper disposal of containers




       g.    Improper disposal of unused chemicals




11.     Discussion should include:




       a.    Death of natural enemy




       b.    Resistance to chemical




12.     a.    Yes. This pesticide is toxic to  wildlife




       b.    Yes. This pesticide is toxic to  fish
                                       107

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                                     PESTICIDES
                                      UNIT IV


                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion  of this unit, the student should be able to match the ways pesticides
attack pests  to the  best  method of application; describe situations where short-term,
residual,  and broad spectrum insecticides and nonselective and selective herbicides should
be used;  and  explain why timing of a pesticide application is important. The student should
be able to name factors to consider in good pest control, list factors an applicator must
consider  when  choosing the  pesticide, and  interpret  pesticide labels.  This  knowledge will
be evidenced through demonstration and by  scoring eighty-five  percent  on the unit test.


                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this  unit,  the student  should  be  able  to:

        1.      Match terms  associated with  pesticides to the correct definitions.

        2.      Match the ways pesticides attack pests to  the best method of application.

       3.      Describe a situation where short-term  (nonpersistent)  insecticides are often
               used.

       4.      Describe a situation where residual (persistent) insecticides  are often used.

       5.      Describe a  situation  where  broad spectrum (nonselective) insecticides are
               often used.

       6.      Distinguish  between protectant  or  preventive pesticides  and  eradicant
               pesticides.

       7.      Describe a  situation  where  a  nonselective herbicide  would be used.

       8.      Describe a  situation  where  a  selective herbicide would  be  used.

       9.      State   the   differences   between   preplanting,   preemergence,    and
               postemergence.

       10.      Explain  why  timing  of a  pesticide application  is  important.

       11.      List types  of chemicals  used to  alter or change normal crop growth
               processes.

       12.      List climatic  factors affecting pesticide application.

       13.      List factors an applicator must consider when choosing the  appropriate
               pesticide.

       14.      Name  conditions that  may  make control  of  a pest  unnecessary.
                                          109

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15.      Name factors  to consider  in  good pest control.



16.      Match pest  control  methods  to  the  proper descriptions.



17.      Define integrated  control.



18.      Interpret pesticide  labels  correctly when given questions on pesticides.
                                   110

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                               PESTICIDES
                                 UNIT IV
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

     A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

     B.   Provide student with information and  assignment  sheets.

     C.   Make transparencies

     D.   Discuss terminal  and specific objectives.

     E.   Discuss information and assignment sheets.

     F.   Ask students to list the pesticides on their farms and in their homes. Have
          them list them according  to  type, such  as  insecticide or herbicide.

     G.   Invite  local pest management specialist to speak  to class about ongoing
          projects.  Ask  the  specialist to bring   examples of natural  enemies and
          beneficial plants  and animals found in your area.

     H.   Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.   Read objective sheet.

     B.   Study  information  sheet and take notes.

     C.   Complete assignment sheet.

     D.   Take test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information  sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.   TM 1-Ways  Pesticides Attack Pests

     B.   TM 2-Selective vs  Nonselective Herbicide

     C.   TM 3-Preemergence and  Postemergence
                                     111

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      D.  TM 4--Chemicals  Which Alter or Change Normal Plant  Growth



      E.  TM 5-Alternate Control Methods



      F.  TM 6--Integrated  Control



 IV.   Assignment sheet  #1--Interpret  Pesticide  Labels



 V.   Answers to assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers to test
                                     112

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                              PESTICIDES
                                UNIT  IV
                         INFORMATION SHEET
I.  Terms and  definitions

   A.   Pesticide-Chemical  or other substance that will destroy or control a pest
        or protect something  from a pest

   B.   Stomach poison-Pesticide  which kills when swallowed

   C.   Fumigant poison-Pesticide which enters the pest  in the form of a gas and
        kills it

   D.   Contact poison-Pesticide which kills when  it touches or is touched by the
        pest

   E.   Systemic-Pesticide  that is  taken up by one part of a plant or animal and
        moved to another  section where  it  acts against  a  pest

   F.   Short-term (nonpersistent)-Pesticide that breaks down almost immediately
        into nontoxic by-products

   G.   Residual (persistent)-Pesticide that remains in the environment for a fairly
        long time

   H.   Broad spectrum  (nonselective)-Pesticide  which is  toxic to a wide range  of
        pests; used  when several  different pests  are a  problem

        (NOTE:  Short  term,  residual,  and broad spectrum  are  often  used  in
        describing insecticides and  miticides.)

   I.   Surface spray-Pesticide spray which is evenly applied to the outside of the
        object  to be protected

   J.   Selective-Pesticide which is more toxic to some types of plants or animals
        than to others;  usually used to  describe a particular  type of pesticide

        Example:      A selective herbicide would  kill crabgrass in  a cornfield but
                      would not injure the corn

   K.   Nonselective-Pesticide which  is toxic to  all or  most plants or animals  of
        a type; usually  used to describe  a particular type of pesticide

        Example:      A nonselective herbicide  would kill  or  injure all plants  in
                      the application  site but not all  insects,  animals, or other
                      organisms
                                    113

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                     INFORMATION SHEET

L.   Protectant (preventive)--Pesticide applied before pests are actually found but
     where they  are  expected
M.   Eradicant-Pesticide which  kills the  pest  after it  appears
N.   Preplant-Pesticide  used before the crop  is planted
O.   Preemergence-Pesticide used before crop  or weeds appear; may also refer
     to use after  crop  emerges  or is  established but  before weeds emerge
P.   Postemergence-Pesticide used after crop  or weeds  have appeared
Q.   Desiccant-Pesticide which draws  moisture from or dries up a  plant, plant
     part, or insect causing it to die
R.   Defoliant-Pesticide which causes the  leaves of a plant to  drop  off
S.   Antitranspirant-Chemical which coats the leaves of plants to reduce water
     loss
T.   Growth  regulator-Pesticide  which  increases,  decreases,  or changes the
     normal growth of a plant
U.   Herbicide-Pesticide used to control unwanted  plants
V.   Fungicide-Pesticide used to  control fungi which cause molds, rots, and other
     plant  diseases
W.   Rodenticide-Pesticide  used  to  control  rodents  such as rats and  mice
X.   Nematicide-Pesticide used  to control nematodes
Y.   Miticide-Pesticide  used to  control mites
Z.   Insecticide-Pesticide used to control  insects
Ways pesticides attack  pests and methods of  application  (Transparency 1)
A.   Stomach poison
        1.     Used as  a bait, surface spray,  or dust
        2.     Must be eaten by the  pest
B.   Contact poison
        1.     Used as  a surface spray, dust,  or in soil  incorporation
        2.     Must touch  or  be touched  by  the pest
C.   Systemic poison-Used  as a surface or foliar spray, pour-on, injection,  or
     granule
                                114

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


     D.   Fumigant poison-Applied  as  a  gas  or as a liquid which then vaporizes

          (NOTE:  A pesticide  may  kill the pest by touching it or it may  have to
          be swallowed to  be effective. Some pesticides kill by being both touched
          and swallowed. Systemics may be absorbed, injected, or fed into the plant
          or animal to be  protected. When the  pest feeds on this plant or animal,
          it eats the systemic  chemical and is  killed.)

III.  Situations  where short-term (nonpersistent) insecticides are  often used

     A.   Insects do not return

     B.   Long-term  exposure could  injure nontarget plants  or  animals

     C.   Short time until  harvest of food crop

     D.   Short time until  slaughter  of livestock or poultry

     E.   In homes and  dwellings  where people  and domestic  animals might  be
          exposed

IV.  Situations  where residual  (persistent) insecticides are often  used

     A.   Insects are constant  control problem  and there will be no  environmental
          hazard

     B.   Fly control  in  livestock buildings

     C.   Soil  pesticides

 V.  Situations  where broad  spectrum  (nonselective)  insecticides are  often  used

     A.   General purpose  or wide range  killing

     B.   Presence  of several different  kinds  of insects

          (NOTE:  Usually  broad spectrum insecticides do not kill all insects; each
          one varies on the kinds and numbers of  insects  it controls.)

VI.  Protectant versus  eradicant pesticides

     (NOTE:  Usually  these terms are associated with fungicide use.)

     A.   Protectant or preventive-Fungicide designed to prevent the plant from
          getting the disease

          (NOTE: It is applied before the  disease gets a start and is very useful when
          a particular disease or group of diseases are likely  to attack a plant or
          crop year after year. Protectants have often been used as routine precautions
          on fruit  and vegetable crops.)
                                      115

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


       B.    Eradicant-Fungicide  which kills the disease after it  appears in or on the
            plant

            (NOTE: Eradicants are less common than protectants  because once the
            fungus  is established  on the plant, it causes damage  and is often difficult
            to  destroy. Eradicants are often used when protectants are not available,
            are not applied in  time, or are too expensive. They are also applied when
            a disease appears unexpectedly on  a plant or in an area. Eradicants are
            often used  on fruits  and  vegetables when the protectant  spray  was not
            applied in time.)

 VII.   Situation where  nonselective herbicide would  be used-To kill all the plants in
       the area (Transparency  2)

       Examples:     Clearing  under guardrails  and fences; total control of weeds in
                     industrial areas

VIII.   Situation where selective herbicide would be used-To kill some plants with little
       or  no injury to other plants (Transparency 2)

       Examples:     Broadleaf plants are to  be killed  in  cotton;  herbicides  used
                     postemergence on crops and weeds

  IX.   Preplanting,  preemergence, postemergence  (Transparency  3)

       (NOTE: The timing of application  is important to protect nontarget plants.)

       A.    Preplanting treatment is made  before  the crop  is planted

       B.    Preemergence treatment is made  before  the  crop or weeds appear

       C.    Postemergence treatment is made after the crop or weeds appear

            (NOTE: Postemergence applications must be very  selective.  They  must
            control the weeds but leave  the  crop  unharmed. Often the chemical will
            be  applied  postemergence to the crop but preemergence to the weeds.)

  X.   Importance  of  timing of  pesticide application-Care must be taken  to get the
       job done  effectively  without  hurting desirable plants and  animals, including
       natural  enemies

       (NOTE: Directions on the  label state when to apply the pesticide for best results.)

  XI.   Types of  chemicals used  to alter or change normal crop growth processes
       (Transparency 4)

       A.    Growth regulator

       B.    Defoliant

       C.    Desiccant

       D.    Antitranspirant
                                       116

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET


 XII. Climatic factors that affect  pesticide  application

     A.   Soil  moisture

          (NOTE:  Pesticides work best with moderate soil moisture. Wetness may
          keep the  pesticide from contacting the soil particles.)

     B.   Rain

          (NOTE:  Rain  often  causes pesticides  to  leach  out of  or run off  the
          application  site.   It  also  may  wash  pesticides off  foliage.  However,
          preemergence   herbicides  and  protectant   or  preventive  fungicides  are
          sometimes purposely  applied just before or soon after  rain.)

     C.   Humidity

          (NOTE:  Herbicides work best when weeds are growing fast. High humidity
          and  warm  temperatures help cause this growth.)

     D.   Temperature

          (NOTE: High temperatures cause some pesticides to evaporate more quickly
          than is desirable.  Low  temperatures  may slow down or stop the activity
          of some pesticides.)

     E.   Light

          (NOTE:  Light  aids in breaking down pesticides.)

XIII. Factors to  consider when choosing the appropriate pesticide

     A.   Has  directions  on  the label  for the  intended  use

     B.   Is effective against the pest

     C.   Will  not cause  injury to the  plant or other surface to which it is applied

     D.   Will  cause  the  least  damage to beneficial  organisms

     E.   Will  not move  off the treated area and into the environment to harm  fish
          and  wildlife

     F.   Works  well in  the machinery available

     G.   Is worth the cost

          (NOTE: Cost of application  should be compared to the price of the area
          to be  treated.)

     H.   Is safe  to  use
                                      117

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                            INFORMATION SHEET
XIV.   Conditions that may make control  of a pest unnecessary

       A.   Damage shows, but  the  pest which caused it  may  have left the area or
            may  not be causing any  further damage

       B.   Damage may not  be as  great as the cost of the pesticide application

 XV.   Good pest control

       A.   Use all available methods to keep pest damage below economically harmful
            levels

       B.   Damage the environment as little as possible

XVI.   Pest  control  methods  (Transparency  5)

       (NOTE: Most pest control  practices have been  used  for years.)

       A.   Resistant variety-Choosing crops, animals, and  lumber which  resist or are
            unharmed by pests

       B.   Biological  control-Natural enemies such as parasites, predators, and disease
            agents are used to control  pests, especially insects, mites, and  some weeds

            (NOTE: The farmer can support the  pest's natural enemies by  choosing
            pesticides carefully to avoid injuring the enemies. Releasing more of a pest's
            natural enemies  into the  target area can  increase this  biological  control.)

       C.   Cultural control-Planting, growing, harvesting, and tillage practices may help
            or  harm  pests

            Example:     Cultivation is harmful to weeds but may result in the spread
                         of  diseases and nematodes

            (NOTE: Other  cultural  practices are crop rotation, time of planting, and
            proper fertilizing.)

       D.   Mechanical-physical  control-Traps,  barriers,  light, sound,   heat,  cold,
            radiation,  and electrocution are  all  used to remove or keep the pests from
            the,area  where they are not wanted

            Examples:     Rat trap, screen, light trap, ultra  sound, soil steam sterilizer,
                         freezer,  nuclear radiation

       E.   Sanitation-Removing the  source of food or nest site will aid in getting
            rid of  pests

            Example:      Removing crop residues  by plowing
                                      118

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                           INFORMATION SHEET
       F.   Legal control-Includes quarantines, inspections, embargoes, and compulsory
            crop  or product destruction

       G.   Pesticide-Used where other control methods would not provide the needed
            control

XVII.  Integrated control-Putting  all pest control  methods together into a  planned
       program  to achieve pest  control  and  protect people  and the environment
       (Transparency  6)
                                      119

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                  Ways Pesticides
                    Attack  Pests
Contact Poison
Stomach Poison
Systemic Poison

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             Selective vs Nonselective Herbicide
NJ
CO
       _• "» V
            Selective
Nonselective
                                                              H
                                                              S

                                                              ro

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               Preemergence  and Postemergence
NJ
CJ1
     Preemergence to the
       Crop and Weeds
Postemerged Crop
Preemerged Weeds
Postemergence to the
  Crop and Weeds
                                                                      H
                                                                      S
                                                                      CO

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            Chemicals Which Alter or
          Change Normal Plant Growth
Defoliant
                    Growth Regulator
                                      Desiccant

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                      Alternate Control Methods
CO
CO
              Biological Control
Resistant Varieties
                              o ^~.
       Cultural Control
  Legal Control
                                                                              01

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                               TM 6
Integrated Control
         Pesticides
           131

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                                   PESTICIDES
                                     UNIT IV
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET PESTICIDE  LABELS


Read the  labels  provided  on the following  pages  and answer the questions below.

   1.     Using the De  Metho  label, answer the  following questions.

         a.    What type  of pesticide  is this?


         b.    Is this a short-term (nonpersistent)  or  residual (persistent) pesticide? Why?
         c.   Would this broad spectrum pesticide cause a potential problem if numerous
             biological controls such as parasites and predators were in the area? Why?
         d.   Would  it be  a  good choice if several different kinds of insects were  a
             problem?

   2:     Using  the No-Disease label,  answer the following  questions.

         a.   What type of pesticide is this?
         b.   When  used  as  a  foliar spray, is it a protectant or preventive spray or an
             eradicant  spray?
  3.     Using the Anti-Weed  label, answer  the  following questions.

         a.    What type of pesticide is this?


         b.    Is this selective or nonselective when used on  corn?


         c.    Is this used  as preplant,  preemergence,  or  postemergence?
                                        133

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CO



PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
•olaonou* by (wallowing or Inhalation.
Oo not breathe iprev mitt. Do not gat in
eye*. Avoid contact with thin. Uta only
when wearing tha following protective
eoulpment and clothing, wear tightly-
woven cotton ov«raM i, waterproof het.
unljned neoprene g.ovet end boot*. Wear
wfetv goggle* and/or face thlald. Wear •
math or rewirator Jointly approved by
tha Mining Enforcement and Safety
Admin iitratlon end by the National
Inttitute for Occupational Safety end
Health. Before removing glove*, wath
them with detergent and water. Alwey*
wath hand*, face and arm* with deter-
gent end water before tmoking. eating
or drinking. For emergency ettlitan^a,
cell 000 OOO 0000.
TO PHYSICIAN De Met ho it a revertibie
cholinettereve inhibitor. Do not ute
Oaime* tuch at 2-PAM. Give Atropine 3
mg. intrevenoutly of iubcuianeou*ly. It
In eye, Initill one drop of Homeuopine.
Clove tupervinon of tha patient i* indi-
cated for at laait 48 hour*.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thia pettleide it toxic to wildlife and
fitn. Ute with care when applying in
txee* frequented bv wildlife or ediecent
to any body o* water. Keep out of lake*.
Stream* or pond*. Do not epply where
runoff it likely to occur. Do not apply
when weather condition* favor drift
from target area. Do not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or dt»-
po*al of watte*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
•fammeblel Keep away from heet end
Open flame. ^
r
X
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It I* e violation of Federal lew to ute thii
product In e manner Incontinent with In
labeling,
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
OF APPLICABLE)
Do not (inter area within
24 noun after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGC-Do not contaminate water.
food, or feed by norege or ditpotel,
Open dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
AL- Peetlc.de. epray mixture, or rintete
that cannot be weed or chemically repro-
ceiaed ehowW be dltpoeed of In • landfill
approved for peet.ctdee or buried In e
aafe piece away from water euppliee.
Container* cftould be triple rlnaad end
offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
dlapoeed In approved lend! Ill or bwte0 In
eeafe place.
Coneult Federal, (tate aw toe*. OlepeaaJ
d*jree.
•rA
X—
fcl ••
c



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

•XDE METHOD
<^
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&
INSECTICIDE f~ \ \ \s> \
.'"* •• « \ •. ^
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ACTIVE INGREDIBfjf : METHoWl. - \ , -^4%
INERT INGfJ6O\Er.tS: >_ ".»,•' 76%
TOTAL: • .• ' 100%
' '\ Net Content: 50 gallons
 j
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/KEPf V^UT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
g^gHglg^BL^HglglHB
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
wa>m water. Repeat until vomitui it cle«> CaM a phyvdan imr
IF INHALED • Remove to fr**h air. Call a phytician immediately.
IF IN EYES • Flutti eyes with plenty of water tor at leatt 15 minut>
phytician immediatelv.
IF ON SKIN In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
wash ikin with *oap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

CROPS
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Apply *l the recommi
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arag*. Apply th« 10*
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for controlling lew*
uta tha lownt rata pi
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NOTICE
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tha dSemtcat datcripi
and it retwneblv lit
exh label only when
direction! under norn
warranty doe* not in
uct contrary to label
abnormal ute condit*
not raetonebry for***
wmetall ritk of any f
Other warrantia*. opr
PurchaM of thM mate
rtghti under patent*
the United State*.
CROP
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INUED
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Infattationt of intactt.
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intecit. Ute 1 to 3 ap- '
^eti recommandad r*ia
nlattaiioni. Tharaaftar,
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ro BUYER
to product conform to
on on the label thereof
for purpotet itated on
utad m accordance with
wl uta condition.. Thii
•nd to UM ol thn prod-
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USAGE

LAST APPLICATION OAVS
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                                          DIRECTIONS
                      No-Diiease Benomyl Fungicide should be used only in  accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kilt-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
CO
Ul
               No-Dilease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important ptant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 yourKiU-Deadrepresentative); consideration should be given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 oo!». use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: atso. tor tree crops, use the higher
 rate for large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Oiseaiv to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous agitation is  required to keep the
 material m suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sut
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or time sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brawn Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1} Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half-to full bloom.
 APPLES. PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount  of No-Disease  per acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch. Fly speck-Use  4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse  effects on  fruit finish and color may result: it finish and  color are ot
 primary  importance, do not use more than 4 oz. per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rot* (Botrytis sp., Penkillium sp., Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application ot 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection ot fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apptes)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting ot foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotinia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply 1': to 2
 Ibv per acre  at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak  bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days  of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay  to livestock.
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS, MELONS.  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight, Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
 —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at ?• to  14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1'-  Ibs
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve  wetting of foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and  repeat  at  7- to U.day inter-
 vals  through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
 *
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            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
        Meed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
            Total:
         100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
              KIl-DHD
              Chemical Company
               Chemical City, West Virginia
                136

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                                          ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Ol Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.

Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill -Dead  makes no other
express or implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it. subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone..Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces.
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches         Recommended 	  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate —  for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given.
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions tor Uae	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory     Pigweed
Ye-'ow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sand bur               Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters         Velvetleaf
 Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

 Apply  Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
 diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
 See table below for recommended rates.
 Soil
                                 Rate per acre of Anti-Weed
                                       Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt * '
15lbs.
22.5-
30lbs.
*For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
 Instructions Section.
* Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
 peat and muck.

 Suggestions for Crop Rotations
 1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
 Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
 following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
 seeded in Louisiana. Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
 Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
 applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
 Precautions: I) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
 (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
 seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
 application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
 crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
 soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
 spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
 application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
 gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
 7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
 stock (or 21 days following application.	
 Warning
 Keep out of reach of children.

 Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
 lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
 skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
 While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
 or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
 Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
 feed and foodstuffs.

 This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
 streams.

 Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          137

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                                 PESTICIDES
                                   UNIT IV
                    ANSWERS TO  ASSIGNMENT SHEET


1.     a.   Insecticide

      b.   Relatively short term; because it can be applied fairly close to harvest date
           and contains no other precautions on persistence

      c.   Yes.  It  might harm  all  the beneficial  insects also

      d.   Yes

2.     a.   Fungicide

      b.   Both

3.     a.   Herbicide

      b.   Selective; kills some weeds but does not harm corn

      c.   Preemergence and  at  planting
                                      139

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                                 PESTICIDES
                                   UNIT  IV
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions. (Answers for "a" through
      "I" are on  this page.)
            _a.  Chemical  or  other substance that will
                destroy  or  control  a pest or  protect
                something from a pest

             b.  Pesticide which  kills  when  swallowed
            _c.  Pesticide that is taken  up by one part
                of a  plant  or  animal  and  moved  to
                another section  where  it  acts against a
                pest

            _d.  Pesticide  that  breaks  down  almost
                immediately  into nontoxic by-products

             e.  Pesticide which  enters  the  pest  in  the
                form of  a  gas and kills it

             f.  Pesticide   that    remains    in    the
                environment  for a  fairly  long  time

            _g.  Pesticide spray which is evenly applied
                to the  outside  of  the  object  to  be
                protected

            _h.  Pesticide which kills when it touches or
                is touched  by the  pest

            j.  Pesticide  applied   before   pests   are
                actually  found  but  where  they  are
                expected

                Pesticide which  kills the pest  after it
                appears

             k.  Pesticide used before the crop is planted

             I.  Pesticide used before  crop or  weeds
                appear; may  also refer to  use after crop
                emerges  or  is established  but  before
                weeds emerge
Short-term
(nonpersistent)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.
12.
Stomach poison
Pesticide
Eradicant
Preplant
Residual
(persistent)
Systemic
Surface spray
Contact
poison
Protectant
(preventive)
Preemergence
Fumigant poison
                                       141

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(Answers  for "m" through  "z" are on this  page.)
                m. Pesticide used after crop or weeds have
                   appeared

               _n. Pesticide which draws moisture from or
                   dries up a  plant,  plant part,  or insect
                   causing it  to die

               _o. Pesticide which  causes the  leaves of a
                   plant to drop off

                p. Pesticide used to control insects
                q. Chemical  which  coats  the  leaves  of
                   plants to reduce  water loss

                r.  Pesticide which increases, decreases, or
                   changes  the normal  growth of a  plant

                s.  Pesticide  used to   control  unwanted
                   plants

                t.  Pesticide used to  control  fungi  which
                   cause  molds,  rots,   and  other  plant
                   diseases

                u. Pesticide used  to control  rodents such as
                   rats and  mice

                v. Pesticide used to control nematodes

                w. Pesticide used to control mites
               _x. Pesticide  which is toxic to a wide range
                   of  pests;  used when  several different
                   pests are a problem

                y. Pesticide  which is toxic to all or most
                   plants or animals of a type; usually used
                   to describe a particular type of pesticide

               _z. Pesticide  which is more toxic to some
                   types of plants or animals than to others;
                   usually used to describe a particular type
                   of  pesticide
13.     Postemergence

14.     Fungicide

15.     Herbicide

16.     Desiccant

17.     Defoliant

18.     Rodenticide

19.     Insecticide

20.     Antitranspirant

21.     Nematicide

22.     Growth regulator

23.     Miticide

24.     Nonselective

25.     Selective

26.     Broad  spectrum
        (nonselective)
                                          142

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2.     Match the ways a pesticide attacks a pest on the right to the correct method
       of  application.

       	a.  Used  as a bait, surface spray, or dust;      1.      Fumigant  poison
                must  be eaten by the pest
                                                            2.      Contact poison
       	b.  Used  as a surface spray, dust, or in soil
                incorporation; must touch or be touched      3.      Systemic poison
                by the pest
                                                            4.      Stomach poison
       	c.  Used   as  a  surface  or  foliar  spray,
                pour-on, injection, or granule

       	d.  Applied as a gas or as a liquid which then
                vaporizes

3.     Describe a situation where short-term (nonpersistent) insecticides are often used.
4.     Describe  a situation where residual  (persistent) insecticides are often used.
5.     Describe a situation where broad  spectrum  (nonselective) insecticides are often
       used.
6.     Distinguish between protectant pesticides  (P) and eradicant  pesticides (E) by
       putting  a  "P"  or  "E"  in  the space provided.

       	a.  Fungicide  designed  to prevent the  plant from getting  the disease

       	b.  Fungicide  which kills the disease after it appears in or on the  plant
7.     Describe  a situation where a nonselective herbicide  would  be used.
                                        143

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 8.     Describe  a  situation where a  selective herbicide  would be  used.
 9.    State the differences  between preplanting, preemergence, and  postemergence.
10.     Explain  why timing of a pesticide application is important.
11.      List two types of chemicals used to alter or change normal crop growth processes.

        a.

        b.

12.      List two climatic factors affecting pesticide application.

        a.

        b.

13.      List two factors  an applicator must  consider when choosing the appropriate
        pesticide.

        a.

        b.

14.      Name two  conditions  that may make control of a pest  unnecessary.

        a.


        b.


15.      Name two  factors to  consider in  good pest control.

        a.

        b.
                                       144

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16.
Match  the pest control  methods on  the  right to the  correct descriptions.

                                                     1.     Pesticide
17.
             _a.  Used   where  other  control  methods
                 would  not provide the  needed control

             _b.  Includes    quarantines,    inspections,
                 embargoes,  and  compulsory  crop  or
                 product destruction

             _c.  Removing the source of food or nest site
                 will aid in getting  rid  of pests

             _d.  Traps,  barriers, light,  sound, heat, cold,
                 radiation,  and electrocution are all used
                 to remove or keep the pests  from the
                 area  where  they  are  not wanted

             _e.  Planting, growing, harvesting, and tillage
                 practices may help or  harm pests

             _f.  Natural  enemies  such  as   parasites,
                 predators, and disease agents are used to
                 control pests, especially  insects, mites,
                 and some weeds

             _g.  Choosing  crops,  animals, and lumber
                 which  resist  or  are unharmed by pests
Define integrated  control.
                                                     2.


                                                     3.


                                                     4.


                                                     5.

                                                     6.



                                                     7.
Biological
control

Legal
control

Cultural
control

Sanitation

Mechanical-
physical
control

Resistant
variety
18.     Interpret the label  on the following page  to  answer the  questions  below.

        a.   What type  of  pesticide  is  this?


        b.   Is this  selective  or  nonselective when used  at  25 Ib/acre  rate?
                                        145

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o>
                                    PRECAUTIONARY
                                       STATEMENTS

                                  HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                        (CAUTION)

                              Harmful if (wallowed. Avoid application
                              directly to humans. Care should be taken
                              to avoid inhalation of dust or spray mist.
                              or prolonged contact with skin. In case
                              o* contact, immediately  flush  eyes or
                              Skin  with large amounts  of water. Get
                              medical  attention it irritation  persists.
                              Wear safety goggles or face shield when
                              handling.

                               ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                              Keep out o) lakes, streams, or ponds. Do
                              not apply when weather conditions favor
                              drift  from target area.
                                  DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                               GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

                              it it a violation of Federal law to use this
                              product in a manner inconsistent with its
                              labeling.
                                STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                             Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                             by storage or disposal. Open dumping is
                             prohibited. Pesticide,  spray mixture, or
                             riniate that cannot be used or chemically
                             reprocessed should be disposed of in a
                             landfill approved  for pesticide) or buried
                             in « sate place awav from water supplies.
                             Containers  should be  disposed of in an
                             incinerator or landfill approved tor pesti-

                             Consutt  Federal,  State, or local disposal
                             authorities for approved alternate proce-
WEED
                                          ^Il
                         HERBICIDE
                   WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                     ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                     INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                     TOTAL:
                                         tri-azoic acid
                            80.0%
                            20.0%
                          100.0%
KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                        CAUTION
                                                                                               STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
      IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
      IF IN EYES Flush eyes with plenty of
                                             argent and water.
                                                                                                     MFC BY A-Z  CHEMICALS
                                                                                                           Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                              EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-1
                                                                                                 EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

DoWeed is for weed control in certain crops,
ornamental plantings, on industrial sites, and
around-the-farm. It should  be applied before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It controls a wide variety of annual
broad leaf end grass weeds when used at selec-
tive rates in agricultural crops and ornamental
plantings.  When used at higher, non-selective
rates in non crop areas, it also controls many
Perennial broad leaf and grass weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
spray  equipment with  80° flat-fan  nozzles.
Screens in spray  system should  be  no finer
than 50 mesh. Use a pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40 psi at nozzles. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing and ap-
plication to  maintain a uniform  suspension.
Aerial application: Use only  where specified
in the use directions.

BLUEBERRIES and  CANEBERRIES (black-
berries, boysenberries,  loganberries,  raspber-
ries}— Quackgrass. Apply 5  Ibs per acre in the
fall or split  the application applying 2V4 Ibs
per acre in the fall plus 2Vi Ibi per acre in the

apply when fruit is present.

ALFALFA-Pure alfalfa less than one year
old (Northeastern U.S.  only)-Menbit,  wild
mustard, chickwe«d,  alyssum, downy brome,

been seeded in the spring (before June 11 may
be treated in the fall  after the last cutting but

ot De Weed  per acre. For ground application
apply in a minimum of 2Yi gals, of water per
acre.

GRASSES  GROWN  FOR  SEED  (Pacific
Northwest  only).  Perennial  ryegrass, tall
fescue and fine fescues, such as Pennlawn,
Chewmgs, Ranier, and related species. Control
of broad lea' weeds and annual grasses includ-
ing annual ryegrass, rattail  fescue, silver hair-
grass end downy  brome.  Apply 2Yi Ibs of
Oe Weed in  a minimum of 15 gals of water
per acre as soon as fall rains start. Apply only

has been cut.

WEED CONTROL on  industrial sites, high-
way medians, and shoulders, railroad  rights-of

farms such at around buildings,  fuel storage
areas, along  fences,  roadsides,  and  "one*.
Aerial application may  be made where it is
feasible. Use at least  1 gal ot water for each 1
lb.  of OeWeed: ute more water it  poetical
for both  ground and aerial  application. To
control annual broadleat and grass weed* I "i

lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
and  mullein), apply  6-12X. Ibs. P«r acre. To
                                                                                                                      nial
                                                                                    broadleat and  grass weeds (including quack-
                                                                                    grass,  bluegrass.  red top, burdock,  Canada
                                                                                    thistle, orchardgrass, dogfennel, and plantain),
                                                                                    apply  12Vi-25 Ibs. per acre.  To control hard-
                                                                                    to-kill perennial weeds (including bull thistle
                                                                                    and sow thistle), apply 25-50 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                                                      NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                                 PESTICIDES
                                  UNIT  IV
                             ANSWERS  TO  TEST


1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
h.
i.
a.
b.
c.
d.
3
2
7
1
12
6
8
9
10
4
2
3
1
j- 4
k. 5
I. 11
m. 13
n. 16
o. 17
p. 19
q. 20
r. 22




s. 15
t. 14
u. 18
v. 21
w. 23
x, 26 or 24
y. 24 or 26
z. 25





3.     Description  should include  any one of the following:

       a.   Insects do  not return

       b.   Long-term  exposure  could injure nontarget plants or animals

       c.   Short time until  harvest of food crop

       d.   Short time until  slaughter of  livestock  or poultry

       e.   In homes and  dwellings  where people and  domestic animals might  be
           exposed

4.     Description  should include  any one of the following:

       a.   Insects are constant  control problem  and there will  be  no environmental
           hazard

       b.   Fly control in  livestock  buildings

       c.   Soil  pesticides
                                     147

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 5.     Description should  include any one of the following:

        a.   General purpose or wide  range  killing

        b.   Presence of several  different kinds  of insects

 6.     a.   P

        b.   E

 7.     To kill all  the  plants  in the area

 8.     To kill some plants with little or no injury  to other  plants

 9.     a.   Preplanting treatment  is made before the  crop  is planted

        b.   Preemergence  treatment is made  before  the  crop  or weeds  appear

        c.   Postemergence treatment  is made after the crop or weeds appear

10.     Care  must  be  taken to get the job done effectively  without hurting desirable
        plants and  animals,  including natural enemies

11.     Any  two of the following:

        a.   Growth regulator

        b.   Defoliant

        c.   Desiccant

        d.   Antitranspirant

12.     Any  two of the following:

        a.   Soil  moisture

        b.    Rain

        c.    Humidity

        d.   Temperature

        e.    Light

13.     Any  two of the following:

        a.    Has  directions on the  label for  the intended use

        b.    Is effective against  the  pest

        c.   Will  not cause injury to the plant or other surface to  which it is applied
                                       148

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       d.   Will cause the least  damage to  beneficial organisms

       e.   Will not move off the  treated  area and into the environment to harm fish
            and wildlife

       f.   Works  well in the machinery  available

       g.   Is  worth the cost

       h.   Is  safe to use

14.     a.   Damage shows, but  the  pest which  caused  it  may have  left the area or
            may not be causing any further damage

       b.   Damage may not  be as  great  as the cost of the pesticide application

15.     a.   Use all available methods to keep pest damage below economically harmful
            levels

       b.   Damage the environment as little as possible

16.     a.   1

       b.   3

       c.   5

       d.   6

       e.   4

       f.   2
17.     Putting all pest control  methods  together into a planned program to achieve
        pest control  and protect people and  the  environment

18.     a.   Herbicide

        b.   Nonselective
                                                Siwlroramenisl  Protsc&sm Agency
                                                LSbrary                  Room '
                                                <50H  M Street, SW, WSM PJV1-2H3
                                                W©sfefeg4on,  D=C.    3046®
                                        149

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                             LABELS  AND  LABELING
                                       UNIT  V
                              TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion  of  this unit, the student should be able to match the terms common
name, chemical name, and brand name to the correct definitions and be able to distinguish
between  general use and restricted use  pesticides. The student  should  be able to discuss
days to harvest and days to slaughter and discuss reentry regulations. The student should
be able to identify facts contained on  pesticide  labels and to interpret label information.
This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring  eighty-five percent
on  the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of  this unit, the  student  should be able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with labels and labeling  to the correct definitions.

        2.     Select  from a  list statements indicating when to  read  a label.

        3.     Match  the users of  labels to ways the labels are used.

        4.     Select  from a  list the  agency in  the federal government responsible  for
              regulating sale  and use of  pesticides and  registering  labels.

        5.     Identify  facts contained on a pesticide label.

        6.     Match  the terms common  name,  chemical name and brand name  to  the
              correct definitions.

        7.     Match  the signal words found  on labels to their  toxicity categories.

        8.     Discuss in a short paragraph days to harvest and days to slaughter in  the
              application of  pesticides.

        9.     Discuss reentry  regulations following application of pesticides.

       10.     Name  the factors  that form  the  basis for pesticide classification.

       11.     Distinguish between general use and restricted  use pesticides.

       12.     Interpret  labels  correctly by  answering questions  pertaining to labels.
                                           151

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                         LABELS  AND  LABELING
                                  UNIT  V
                         SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

     A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

     B.   Provide student with information and  assignment  sheets.

     C.   Make  transparencies.

     D.   Discuss terminal and specific objectives.

     E.   Discuss information and  assignment  sheets.

     F.   Secure pesticide labels  and make available to students.

     G.   Ask students to reorganize a sample label into the format of the future
          pesticide  label.  Tell them to add any  information which is  missing.

     H.   Ask students to design a pesticide label and discuss with them what was
          left off.

     I.    Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.   Read  objective  sheet.

     B.   Study  information sheet.

     C.   Complete assignment sheets.

     D.   Take test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.   TM 1-Future Pesticide  Label

     B.   TM 2--Existing  Pesticide  Label
                                      153

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      C.   TM  3--Signal  Words



      D.   TM  4--Days  to  Harvest



      E.   TM  5~Days  to  Slaughter



      F.   TM  6--Reentry  Sign



      G.   TM  7--Future General Use  Pesticide  Label



      H.   TM  8--Future Restricted  Use Pesticide Label



 IV.   Assignment sheets



      A.   Assignment Sheet #1 --Interpret De  Metho  Label



      B.   Assignment Sheet #2--Interpret De  Metho  Label



      C.   Assignment Sheet #3--lnterpret Anti-Weed  Label



      D.   Assignment Sheet #4--lnterpret No-Disease  Label



 V.   Answers  to assignment sheets



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers  to test
                                     154

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                        LABELS  AND  LABELING
                                 UNIT V
                         INFORMATION SHEET
 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Active ingredient-That part of a pesticide product which will kill or control
         pests or  prevent damage by  them

         (NOTE:  This is  the  actual poison in a product.)

    B.   Label-Written  material attached to or printed  on a  pesticide container or
         wrapper

    C.   Labeling-Technical information  including the label and any other printed
         material provided by  the manufacturer or its agent to accompany a pesticide
         product

    D.   Pesticide-Chemical or other substance that will prevent, repel,  destroy, or
         control a pest or  protect something  from a pest

    E.   Pest-Unwanted organism

         (NOTE: An organism may be  plant or animal, including bacteria and fungi.)

    F.   Poison-Chemical or other substance that can cause  injury or death when
         eaten, absorbed, or inhaled by plants or  animals, including man

    G.   Signal words-Words which must appear on pesticide  labels to show toxicity
         of pesticide

    H.   Toxic-Poisonous; ability  to cause  injury to plants and animals,  including
         humans

    I.    Reentry-Period of time between a pesticide application and when workers
         may go back into an  area without wearing protective clothing or equipment

II.  When  to read  the  label

    A.   Before  use or purchase

    B.   Before  mixing

    C.   Before  applying

    D.   Before  transporting,  storing,  and  disposing
                                     155

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET


III.  Users of labels  and ways labels are  used

     A.   Federal  and  state  governments--Use labels to control sale,  use, safety,
          storage,  and  disposal of pesticides

     B.   Manufacturers of pesticides-Use labels  as  the  license  to  sell  a  pesticide

          (NOTE: Until the label is registered the  pesticide may not  be sold or used.)

     C.   Dealers   and  pest   control  experts-Use   labels   to  aid   in  making
          recommendations to  buyers and users

     D.   Buyers and users

             1.     Use labels as a way  of deciding which pesticide  will be effective
                   against the pest  and be the  safest to use

             2.     Use labels to decide what safety precautions to take and how
                   much pesticide to use

                   (NOTE:   Some   labels   are  easy  to understand.  Others  are
                   complicated. However, all labels tell you how to use the product
                   correctly.)

     E.   Physicians-Use labels to  determine  the  antidote  to  use in the proper
          treatment of poisoning cases

IV.  Agency in the  federal  government responsible  for  regulating  sale and use of
     pesticides and registering  labels-Environmental  Protection  Agency (EPA)

     (NOTE:  Most states also  register pesticides.)

 V.  Facts contained on pesticide label (Transparency 1)

     A.   Name and  address  of chemical  company

     B.   Brand (trade) name

     C.   Name and  amounts of all  active  ingredients

          (NOTE:  The label  will also list the amounts  of inert ingredients.)

     D.   Type  of  pesticide

     E.   Kind  of  formulation

     F.   EPA registration and establishment  numbers

     G.   Storage  and  disposal precautions
                                     156

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                          INFORMATION SHEET


      H.  Hazard  statement

          (NOTE:  This  statement  describes environmental hazards, human hazards,
          animal and  plant hazards, and physical  and chemical  hazards.)

      I.   Directions for use

      J.   Net  content

      K.  Words:  Keep  Out Of Reach Of Children

      L.  Signal  word

      M.  Days to harvest or slaughter

      N.  Reentry  interval, if applicable,

      0.  General  use or  restricted use  classification  statement

 VI.   Names found on  labels  (Transparency 2)

      A.  Brand  name-Name  used  by a  manufacturer to identify a pesticide as their
          product

          (NOTE:  The brand name may not be used in the ingredient statement but
          usually  appears  in  large,  bold-faced  letters  on  the packaging. One brand
          name,  such  as Ortho,  may appear on the label  of several different kinds
          of pesticide chemicals.)

      B.  Common name-Well-known, made-up  name accepted by the Environmental
          Protection  Agency  to identify the  active ingredients  in a  pesticide

          (NOTE:  The common name must be  used in the active ingredients  section
          on  the  label and is usually not capitalized.)

      C.  Chemical name-Scientific "often complicated" name which tells what the
          active  ingredients are

          (NOTE:  When an accepted common  name is not available, the chemical
          name must be used  to name the active ingredients in the ingredient  section
          of the label. Often both the chemical  name and the common name appear.)

VII.   Signal words  found  on  labels (Transparency  3)

      A.  Danger-Highly toxic pesticides; the  word poison  printed  in  red and the
          skull  and crossbones symbol are also required on labels of  highly toxic
          pesticides

      B.  Warning-Moderately toxic pesticides

      C.  Caution-Slightly toxic to  relatively nontoxic pesticides
                                      157

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                             INFORMATION  SHEET
VIM.   Days  to  harvest  and  days to  slaughter  in  the  application  of pesticides
       (Transparencies  4  and  5)

       A.   Residue amounts  are determined  and safe tolerances are set

       B.   Least  number of  days  between last  pesticide  application and  harvest or
            slaughter are  determined  to  remain under tolerance

       C.   Days to harvest or slaughter are  listed  on the label

       D.   Harvest  or  slaughter should  not be attempted before time period is over

            (NOTE: It  is up  to you, the  applicator, to help make sure that no illegal
            residue remains on food crops.  Follow label directions carefully. Don't be
            responsible  for seizure  of  your crops or  those of  your neighbor.)

  IX.   Reentry  regulations  (Transparency 6)

       A.   Wait at least until the  deposit  has dried  or  the  dust has settled before
            reentering the field, even  with  the least hazardous pesticides

       B.   Follow reentry times on  label

       C.   Do  not allow workers,  children, or other persons to  reenter the sprayed
            area until  this  time has passed

       D.   Wear protective clothing and equipment if reentry must be made before
            time elapses

       E.   Federal standards  require  that at least a hat, shoes  and socks,  and closely
            woven  fabric coveralls with long sleeves and trouser legs (or long sleeved
            shirt and long  legged trousers)  be worn if early  reentry must be made

            (CAUTION:  Use  common  sense!  Use  more protective  clothing  and
            equipment  if you think they may be  needed for safe reentry.)

  X.   Basis  for pesticide classification into general use or restricted use pesticides

       A.   Hazard of  poisoning

       B.   Way pesticide is  used

       C.   Effects on  the environment

  XI.   General use versus restricted use  pesticides (Transparencies  7  and  8)

       A.   General  use-Pesticide use  that  will  not  cause excessive damage in the
            environment  or endanger  the applicator  or other  persons when  applied
            according to  label  directions

       B.   Restricted  use-Pesticide use  that  may  cause  damage  in the environment
            or endanger the applicator or other persons even when label  directions are
            followed
                                       158

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CJI
CO
                                   Future  Pesticide  Label
              PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                HAZARDS TO HUMANS
                (& DOMESTIC ANIMALS)
                    DANGER
               ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
               PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
                   HAZARDS
                DIRECTIONS FOR USE
             It is a violation of Federal law to use
             this product in a manner inconsistent
             with its labeling.
                RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                  (If Applicable)
               CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                STORAGE AND
                  DISPOSAL
              STORAGE•
              DISPOSAL :
             CROP:
       RESTRICTED USE
           PESTICIDE
     FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
    CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
            DIRECT SUPERVISION
       PRODUCT
            NAME
    ACTIVE INGREDIENT:
    INERT INGREDIENTS.

    TOTAL:
                         100.00 %
                                          THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS  LBS OF   PER GALLON
   KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
      DANGER — POISON
                                              STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED:
IF INHALED r=
IF ON SKIN	
IF IN EYES 	
                                      SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                      MFC BY:
                                      TOWN. STATE =:=
                                      ESTABLISHMENT NO. :
                                      EPA REGISTRATION NO.
                                                NET CONTENTS:
                                                                               CROP:
                                                                                CROP:
                                          CROP:
                                                                                CROP:
                                          CROP:
                                                                                  WARRANTY STATEMENT

-------
    Existing
Pesticide Label
          Brand Name
         Common Name-
        Chemical
                                  SAMPLE LABEL— FRONT PANEL
                  R
NOMITE  SOW
        Miticide
   Wettable Powder Formulation
 :gr Control of Plant-Feeding Mites
ACTIVE INGREDII
  Methylethylbutyl phos (metbutin)
 IERT INGREDIENTS
        E.P.A. Registration No. 1576-491
        E.P.A. Establishment No. 1576-NC-1
                              50.0%
                              50.0%
                          POISON
                     DANGER
                            DAN G ER: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
                                   See other cautions on side panel

                          THE MOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
                                SNOWBALL, N.C. 27000

-------
                                Signal Words
O)
00
Moderately Toxic
                             Highly Toxic
                                                       Slightly Toxic to

                                                       Relatively Nontoxic

-------
                            Days  to Harvest
          10 PPM
       At Application
 6 PPM
 4 Days
05
         Deposit
Residue
             2 PPM
           Harvest Day
  At or Below
Tolerance, the Crop
 Can be Sold for
Food and Feed
           Residue
                        (Shading Denotes Pesticide Residue)

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                                      TM 5
Days to  Slaughter
                        Deposit

                       At  Application
                        Residue

                          5 Days
                      After Application
                        Residue

                       Slaughter Day
                    At or Below Tolerance
                      (Shading Denotes
                      Pesticide Residue)
           167

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                           TM 6
   Reentry Sign
DANGER • POISON
   Do Not Enter
  This Area Until
Wednesday, June 2



   Treated With
     De Pesto
         169

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              Future    General    Use    Pesticide    Label
      PRECAUTIONARY
        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (CAUTION)

Harmful 'if swallowed. Avoid application
directly to human*. Car* should ba taken
to avoid Inhalation of duit or tpray mitt.
or prolonged contact with ikin. In cat*
of contact,  Immediately flush eyes or
ikin  with large amount* of water. Gat
medical attantlon if irritation persists.
Waar safety goggles or face shield whan
handling.

 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Keep out of lakat, ttraami, or ponds. Do
not apply whan waathar condition* favor
drift from target araa.
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
  GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
It it a viola
product in
(•baling.
        tion of Federal law to UM this
        a manner inconiiitant with it*
   STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

Do not contaminate watar, food or faad
by itoraga or ditpoul. Opan dumping i*
prohibitad. Pattictda, tprav mixtura, or
rlnteta that cannot'ba used or ctiamically
reprocessed thoukJ ba disposed of In a
landfill approvad for pesticides or buriad
in a «afa placa away from watar suppllet.
Contalnar» thould ba disposed of in an
incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
cide comalnart. or burled in a ufe place.
Consult Federal, State, or local ditpoul
authorities for approved alter net a proce-
dural tuch at limited open burning.
                                                                       HERBICIDE
                                                                  WETTABLE POWDER
                                                  ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                  INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                  TOTAL:
                                                                                     tri-azoic acid
                                                                                                   80.0%
                                                                                                   20.0%
                                                                                                  100.0%
KEEP  OUT OF  REACH OF CHILDREN



                 CAUTION


          STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
    :  IF INHALED Remove to freih air.
      IF IN EVES Flush eyes with plenty of water
      IF ON SKIN Remove clothing and wash with detergent and water.
                                                                MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                     Aster, Minnesota

                                                          EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-1
                                                            EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
                                                                                 DIRECTIONS FOR USE

                                                                                      CONTINUED

                                                                           DeWeed is for weed control in certain crept.
                                                                           ornamental  plantings, on industrial sites, and
                                                                           around-the-farm. It should be applied before
                                                                           weeds emerge or following removal of weed
                                                                           growth. It controls a wide variety of annual
                                                                           broad I Mf and gran weeds whan used at selec-
                                                                           tive ratet in agricultural crops and ornamental
                                                                           plantings. When uted at higher, non-selective
                                                                           rates in non crop areas, it also controls many
                                                                           perennial broad leaf and grass weeds.

                                                                           GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
                                                                           spray equipment with 80° flat-fan nozzles.
                                                                           Screens in spray system should be no finer
                                                                           than 50 meih. Use a pump with capacity to
                                                                           maintain 35-40 psi at nozzles. Use hydraulic

                                                                           plication to  maintain a uniform  suspension.
                                                                           Aerial application: Use only  where specified
                                                                           in the use directions.

                                                                           BLUEBERRIES and CANEBERR1ES (black-
                                                                           berries, boysenberries, loganberries, raspber-
                                                                           ries)— Quackgrass. Apply 5 Ibs per acre in the
                                                                           fall or split  the application applying 2VI Ibs
                                                                           per acre in the fall plus 2X> Ibs per acre in the
                                                                           spring, when guackgrass is growing.  Do not
                                                                           apply when fruit is present.

                                                                           ALFALFA —Pure alfalfa  less than one  year
                                                                           Old (Northeastern U.S. only)-Henbit,  wild
                                                                           mustard, chick weed, alyssum, downy brome,
                                                                           wild oats, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which hai

                                                                           be treated in the fall after the last cutting but
                                                                           before frozen ground conditions. Apply 1 Ib.
                                                                           of DeWeed per acre. For ground application
                                                                           apply in a minimum of 2Vt gals, of water per
                                                                                                                            GRASSES  GROWN FOR SEED  (Pacific
                                                                                                                            Northwest  only).  Perennial  ryegrass,  tall
                                                                                                                            fescue and  fine fescues, such  ei Pennlawn,
                                                                                                                            Chewings, Ranier, and related species. Control
                                                                                                                            of broadleaf weeds and annual  grasses includ-
                                                                                                                            ing annual ryegrass, rattail fescue, silver hair-
                                                                                                                            grau and downy  brome.  Apply 2% Ibs of
                                                                                                                            DeWeed in a minimum of 15 gals of water
                                                                                                                            per acre es soon as fall rains start. Apply only
                                                                                                                            to grasses from which at least  one seed crop
                                                                                                                            has been cut.

                                                                                                                            WEED CONTROL on industrial sites, high-
                                                                                                                            way medians, and shoulders, railroad rights-of

                                                                                                                            farms  such  as around buildings, fuet storage
                                                                                                                            areas,  along fences, roadsides, and lanes.
                                                                                                                            Aerial  application  may ba mode where it is
                                                                                                                            feasible. Use at least 1 gal of water for each 1
                                                                                                                            Ib.  of  DeWeed: uie more water if practical
                                                                                                                            for both ground and aerial application. To
                                                                                                                                     il broftdleaf and grass weeds (in-
                                                                                                                            cludin
                                                                                                                                                       ibgratt.
                                                                                                                             mbsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
                                                                                                                            and mullein), apply 6-12K Ibs. per acre. To
                                                                                                                            control most  annual  and  many  perennial
                                                                                                                            broad lent and grass weeds (Including quack-
                                                                                                                            grass,  bluagratt,  redtop, burdock, Canada
                                                                                                                            thistle, orchardgrasa, dogfennel, and plantain),
                                                                                                                            apply 1214-25 Ibs. per acre. To control hard-
                                                                                                                            to-kill  perennial weeds (including bull thistle
                                                                                                                            and sow thistle), apply 25-50 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                 NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                                        Future    Restricted    Use    Pesticide    Label
•vl
CO
                                           PRECAUTIONARY
                                             STATEMENTS
                                         HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                              (DANGER)
                                     Poitonoui by swallowing or inhalat
                                     Do not breathe tpray mitt. Oo not g<
                                     •yet, Avoid contact with tkin. U*e <
unlined neoprene fllovet and boott. Wear
safety goggle* and/or face shield. Wear a
matk or retpirator jointly approved by


Inttitute  for  Occupational Safety and
Health. Before removing  glove*, wath
them with detergent and water. Alway*
wa*h hands, face and arm* with deter-
gent and water before tmoking, eating
or  drinking. For emergency atti*tance.
call OOO'OOO-OOOO.
                                     Close tupervition of the paiieni i* indi-
                                     cated for at leatt 48 hours.

                                      ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
                                     Thi* pesticide it toxic to wildlife and
                                     lith, Ute  with  care when applying in
                                     areai frequented by wildlife or adjacent
                                     to any body of water. Keep out of laket,
                                     stream* or ponds.  Oo not apply where
                                     runoff it likely  to  occur, Do  not apply
                                          target area. Oo not con
                                          by cleaning of equipmen
                                                             inate
                                        PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
                                               HAZARDS
                                     Flammable! Keep away from heat and
                                     open flame.
    DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It i* a violation of Federal law to ute thit

labeling.
    RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
       (IF APPLICABLE)
Oo not enter within 48 hours after
application.
 CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
       (IF APPLICABLE)
                                        STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                     STORAGE-Da not contaminate water,
                                     food, or feed bv storage or ditpotal.
                                     Open dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
                                     AL—Pesticide, sprov mixture, or rintate
                                     that cannot be uted or chemically repro-
                                     cetted should be disposed of in a landfill
                                     approved for petticicle* or buried in a
                                     ufe place away from water luppliet.
                                     Container* ihould be  triple rinsed and

                                     disposed in approved landfill or buried in
                                     a tafe piece.
                                     Contult Federal. State or local OitPOMl
                                     authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                     dure*.
                                                RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE
                                                  FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                 CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                               DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                           PESTO
3-
                                                                 INSECTICIDE
                                                        EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

                                              ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid  45.0%
                                              'INERT INGREDIENTS:                        55.0%
                                              TOTAL:                                     100.0%
                                              THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                             KEEP  OUT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                     DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                                           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT


                                             IF INHALED - Remove to freth air. Call a phytician immediately.
                                             IF IN EYES • l:luth eye* with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Call a
                                               physician immediately.
                                             IF ON SKIN - In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
                                               wath tkin with detergent and water.

                                                         SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                          PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                           MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                              CHEMTON, NEVADA
                                                           EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-1
                                                       EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42
                                                           NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                                                                                         DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                                                             CONTINUED
                                  mum gallonage requirement it 10 gallons of
                                  finished spray per acre with ground equip-


                                  AHalts Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
                                  Larvae, Pea Aphid, and in New York ttate for

                                  De Petto indicated in the chart, whefi feeding
                                  it noticed  or when  insects appear. Alfalfa
                                  Weevil Adult—Apply  1-2 pintt per acre when
                                  insect* appear. Lvgu* Bugs-Apply 2 pim
                                                                                                                                                                                    ated
                                                                                                                                                        numb.,
                                                                                                                                                            r grazing. Do
                                                                                                                                                            iaton. Apply
                                                                                                                                                            land* of Altai
                                       '/i                 7 davt
                                       \                14 davt
                                       2                28 days

                                  CORN. FIELD: Ground Application-Corn
                                  Rootwormt-U*e 114 pintt of Oe Petlo pet
                                  13,000 linear feet (1 aero with 40 inch spac-
                                  ing). Apply, at planting, a* a 7 inch band over
                                  the row or inject on each tide of the row by


                                                                                                                   rintingi from the pre
                                                                                                                   tain agitation in the
                                                                                                                   during application. D
                                                    g container. Main-
                                                     after mixing and
                                                    mix until ready to
                                                                                                                                                        SUGARCANE: Sugarcane Borer-Apply MX,
                                                                                                                                                        pinit De Peito per acre using ground or aerial
                                                                                                                                                        equipment. Check  sugarcane fieldl weekly.

                                  after vitible joints form and 5% or more of
                                  the plant* are infetted with young larvae feed-
                                  ing in or under the leaf sheath and which have
                                  not bored into the stalks. Repeat whenever
                                  field checkt indicate the infestation exceed*
                                  5%. Do not apply within 17 davt of harvest.



                                  TANGELOS  in Arizona and California: Air
                                  and Ground application—Citrus thript—Apply
                                  De Peito ot X, to 1 Ib. per acre. Uae sufficient

                                  gals/acre by air). Use the higher raie on severe
                                  infestation*  of thript. Apply in the early
                                  spring before bloom when the new growth i*
                                  about 3 to 4  inches long. Wake additional ap-
                                  plications at needed until the new fruit i* wal-
                                  nut tilt. Application at petal fall may be criti-
                                  cal to  prevent fruit  (earring. Application*

                                  young trees are alto recommended.
                                  Do not  apply within 3 daysof harvest. Do not
                                  graze livestock in treated orchard* for 10 days


                                  POTATO:  Tuberworm,  cabbage  looper,
                                  aphid*,  and in areas east  of the Miuitiippi
                                  River, leaf hopper t and flea  beetles. Apply
                                  Oe Pe*to at indicated rate* when field check*
                                  indicate the  insect infeitation i* above 5*,.
                                  Tuberworm, cabbage looper end aphid—apply
                                  H to 1  Ib. per acre. Leafhopper and flea
                                  beetlei-applv K Ib per acre.  Do not apply
                                  within 14 day* of harvest.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              H
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              S
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              00

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                             LABELS AND  LABELING
                                      UNIT V
            ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1--INTERPRET  DE  METHO  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all  pesticide labels.  Read the label on the following page and then answer
the questions below. When  completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     Who  was  the manufacturer?


   2.     What letter(s) on the label identifies  what chemical this product contains?


   3.     What is the  percentage of active ingredients?


   4.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies approved uses?


   5.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies first aid treatment?


   6.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies directions  to  the physician?


   7.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies personal safety precautions?


   8.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies environmental  warnings  to  user?


   9.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies storage and disposal procedures?


  10.     Which letter(s) on  the label identifies directions for determining proper rates?
                                         175

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O5




A PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poleonowt by swallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe ipray mitt. Do not get In
eyei. Avok) contact with ikln. Ute only
when wearing the following protective
equipment and clothing, wear tightly-
woven cotton overalli, waterproof het,
un lined neoprene giovei end boots, wear
sefetv goggiet end/or face shield. Wear a
met* or retplretor jointly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement end Safety
Adminittratlon a»d by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety end
Heelth. Before removing gloves, wash
them with detergent and water. Always
gent end weter before smoking, eating
or drinking. For emergency ettlttence,
cell 000 000 0000
choiinetterete inhibitor. Oo not uae
OMimet tuch at 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravenoutly of twbcuteneoutly. If
in eye. tnitill one drop of Hometropine.
Ciote tuperviiion of the patient it indi-
cated for at leatt 48 hour*.
Thit pettlcide it to me to wildlife end
• fish. Ute with cere when applying In
areas frequented by wildlife or adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of lakes,
etreemt or pondt. Oo not apply where
runoff it likely to occur. Do not apply
when weather condition! favor drift
from target area. Oo not contaminate
weie* by cleaning of equipment or dto-
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Plemmablel Keep away from heet end
open flame. ^



c ( C
s, — .
DIRECTIONS FOR USE XV.
It it • violation of F«o«r«l lew to UM thlt \
product in • nwinw Incontinent (With in ^^
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hour* after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
D STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-DO net contaminate water,
food, or feed by storage or dltpotal.
Open dumping is prohibited. DISPOS-
AL -Peel k Me, eprey mixture, or rineate
that cannot be weed or chemically rapro-
caeeed ehouM be disposed of In a landfill
approved for pewticlde* or buried In a
Ufa piece away from water euppliee.
Container* should be triple rineed and
offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
dlspoead In approved lendf III or burled In
Beat* place.
Coneult Federal, State e* local Olapaaal
avthorrtfea *«r appraeejd eltarnet* proea.
dwree.



F
G
^
•>"


E RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION


i^DEMETHO^I^
INSECTICIDE ^ 4 \ ^
E mulsif iable Concentrate \
S*
W^
ACTIVE INGREDISd'f-i' METycVyL -\^x^4%
INERT INGBJftfJVEfhV \ '^V' 76%
TOTAL: ••* J> ^ '.. 100%
••^\ Net Content: 50 gallons
^HIS^R^pUCThONtWiV^S LBSOF DE METHO PER GALLON
EraKrHOi»A»e.EGi&T«t*b TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
)KE» Y^t OF REACH OF CHILDI
DANGER - POISON
n IVaiaiM
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

IF IN EVES • Flush eyas with plenty of water tor at lean 15 minun
physician immediately.
wath skin with toap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
1 MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

IEN
CHOPS

MMft A C
•.M. 0
Brnaali
ES
"->
Citarv A O
Corn
A G

!Ł?
MMM C
PWwn-Eat
,. «™ R«, „
r^pn A 0

Maw
« C
(^±.1 «
T A G
IE.B.H
Ctedtl
A 0
sn
>

J
DIRECTIONS FOR- USE
CONTINUED
SPRAY PREPARATION
FID eprev tank K to K full of watar. Add 0*
Matho dVectry to spray tank end ml* thor-
oughly, wttng mechantcet or hydraulic meant:
oo not UN air agitation.
APPLICATION
Apply tt the recommended rates when Jnteetl
first appear. Unlen otherwiw noted. continue
appticaikoM at ft- ta J-dey interaett or at
needed. Ute tuUicient water IMS frit per
acre by air) to Obtain ihoroufh. uniform cov-
erage. Apply the low raiet on tmell plants.
email worrra and light Intenatiorti of insects.
Ute intermediate rates on larger worm* and
plications of the highett recommended rate
tor controlling anere tnlttiattom. Thereafter,
wte tha loweti rate pouibla to maintain con-
trol.
K NOTICE TO BUYER
Seller warrenu thai flits produci contormt to
the oSemkal description on the label thereof
and It reasonably fit for puipoee. luted on
tuch label only when utad in accordenca with
directions under normal uat conditiont. This
warranty does not extend to UM of ihn prod-
uct contrary to label wtt direction*, or under
abnormal use condmon*, or under conditions
not reasonably foreteeeWe to ttiitr; buyer at-
twmet ell risk of eny tuch uat. Seller maMt no
Other warrant*. SMpnm or implied.
•urcheea of (hit meterial does not confer any
right* under paten ti of countries Outside of
the United Stetee.
CROP USAGE
•" INSECTS
B«i Aimr-w™. .ir»» (by
i nrt.ii|iii>i
Mnut e«H e«a*
r^Z^irt-P c-— =»™
Imp. rilil»piiiniii.
?"•"'-•_•-". ...
rjttin LOCW
iMD<" ' """•• " "-**

rihrap Loa^r

j..-. „.,«-.
Onv> fMch m+*
Tlrt™, C**^.L™
Flu BMta MNi, Rm>
fill 111 p LOORV
rSdl ZF*"
fit* BM*, MomiMnn
Flow (udi ofHl. Crttoel La«p*r.
Aphitt
&btae> UBPIF. Cam Emm.
BM An>v<«rm, Thript iMklyl
PIMT3
PER ACRE
I - *
1 • J
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1 • 4*
4


1 • I
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1 *
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7
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LAST WfLICATION OAYI
HARVEST


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-------
                            LABELS  AND LABELING
                                     UNIT V


            ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #2--INTERPRET DE  METHO LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read the label on the  next page  and answer the
questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What is the  brand name?


   2.     What is the  common  name?


   3.     Why is there no chemical name?


   4.     When could  you allow livestock  to  graze  on  the treated alfalfa?


   5.     How close to harvest  could  you spray the following crops?

         a.    Cauliflower

         b.    Tomatoes


   6.     If you sprayed sweetcorn on Monday,  when is the first day you or your workers
         could safely  reenter the field without wearing protective clothing?


   7.     What is the  EPA registration number?


   8.     What is the  EPA establishment number?


   9.     How much pesticide does this container hold?


  10.     What signal  word is on  this  label?


  11.     For  what  toxicity  category does the signal word stand?


  12.     Is  it a  general use or restricted use  pesticide?


  13.     Who could use  this pesticide?
                                         177

-------
00


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poltonoui by •widowing or InhoUiion.
Do not braatrw ipray mid. Oo not pat in
•y«i. Avoid contact witrt ikin. UM only
wh*n wawlnp trie following protactiv*
•auIprrMitt and closing, waar tichtlv-
MOv«Mt cotton over*"*, wataroroof hat.
wniined naopran* g:ova« and boot*. Waar
Mtetv ooggiai and/or f*ca ihlaid. Waar a
math or ratpi'atOf (oinily approved toy
tAe 'Mining Enforcement end Safety
Adminittration and bv the National
Initituta for Occupational Safaiy and
Haaltri. Balora 'amoving glovai. wath
them with detergent and water. Alway*
watrt hand*, face and arm* with deter.
pant end water before tmoking, eating
Of drinking. For emergency axlttan^a,
can OOO OOO 0000.
TO PHYSICIAN t> Metho i* a 'avertible
cholifiettaraM inhibitor. Oo not uta
Oiimet tuch at 2 f AM. Give Atropina 7
mg. intravenoutly of lubcwtaneoutiy. It
in aye. initill one drop of Homairopine.
Clote tupervition ol the patient it indi-
cated for at tejtt 48 howrt.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Trm p*tticid« it to me to wildlife and
- fim. Uta «vnh care when applying in
area* frequented by wildlife or edjacant
to any body of water. Keep out of laket,
ttraemt or pond*. Do not apply where
runoff rt likely to occur Oo not apply
when weather conaitiont favor drift
from t*rp«t area. Oo not contaminate
water by cleaning ol equipment or die-
potel of watte*.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep away from heat and
open tlema. ^
(
V
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It i»a violation of Feoeral lew to ute thil
product in a manner incontinent with lu
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do noi Bfiter area within
24 hourt alter application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE -Do not contaminate water.
food, or feed by itoraoe or dltpotel.
Open dumping it prohibited. DISCOS-
AL-Ptttlcid*. tpray mixturt. or riniat*
that cannot be ut«d or ehamieally repro-
ceaaed BftouW b« dltpoeed of In e iMtdflll
acp«oved tor pevticldae or buried In e
ufe p4*ce away from water euppliea.
Container* •houW b« triple rinted and
ottered for recycling, recendlttoninf, o«
dltpoiad in approved lend fl It or burled tn
aeefepteca.
Conewlt >>«tf«r*l, ItM* or local OUpdMl
•wtfwrltlM law approvetf •inrnen proc*-
dwraa.
s\
rv
<«~
i__ —
<^
V



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

L^DE METHO^lX
r TTX
A V

>s\
^
&
INSECTICIDE^ ^ \ \ \>}
E mulsif iable Concentrate \ %.,-
^ -\ v "* A S
ACTIVE INGREDISfJTV METWWYU 4 yX2"%
INERT INGB6(nEl^tS: \ '••Vvji 76%
TOTAL: *- ^ '. ' 100%
'"\ Net Content: 50 gallons
ay

0
SP
Fuivrevt
Maine tfra
oughiy. y»b
donotuia
Apply at ttl
firti appear
•ppikeikoM
needed. Ul
acra by air
eraga. App
email worn
UH interm
RECTIONS FOR USE
CONTINUED
RAY PREPARATION
wk H to » full of MUT. Add D«
city tP iprty unk *M) mli thor-
10 mpclwnicM or hydrMilc mwn«;
lif^ution.
APPLICATION
* nKonumnoM ritM Mhtn iiUKO
• Mlticwni wMitr 16- H f»li par
10 OttUin thorouflh. uniform cow
V ih« low ruti on trmil pitnti,
M ** light tnNiut«ni ol inwcn.
•diati raiM on (trow MOfrrw and
maiiora ol InMCli. UM 1 to 3 to-
plication* of tne higheil recommended rate
lor controlling ttwre mlMUiioni. Thereafter,
MM the loweii raw pombU to maintain Con-
trol.
NOTICE TO BUYER
Seller warrant! thM ihU pradua conform to
the Aemicet dMCription on the [•M thereof
end it reetoneblv fit for pwrpow tuud on
tuch label only when UMd in accordance with
direction* under normal WM condition*, Thii
warranty dOM not e«tend to WM ol tha prod-
uct contrary u> label UM direction*, or under
abnormal UM condition*, or unttft contfuton*
not rHwrujbry lortMMtaM to wilt r; buvw M*
tumm HI riU ol *ny twch UM. S«ll«r makM no
other «wrr«nii«, *>prMi or implied.
rSirchM of thi» nwt»ri«i dOM not cont»r tnr
ftghu undw pstcnti ol COuntrwi outlidB of
if* Unit«d SutM.
CROP USAGE
INSECTS
tmt Atmvmoim, .Ltfl' Bwfl
L«t*OfCI.I
I4»un BMH B«U,
OOI»«. L«t». Inp Cibtip....-
Imp Cihbi *w«m.
ObB^i LaoM>. lm« dbto«n«">
CMMw Loopw
fwwm . Whofl • IMMM

En 1-3 d*r< " « "MM
CM*** 
^.'Z^i

TO (.IVttTOCK
GRAIINOffEIOINfl
7
1 tTIUHl




1 Ito^l

D« not tad






ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2

-------
                            LABELS AND  LABELING
                                     UNIT V


            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3--INTERPRET ANTI-WEED LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all  pesticide labels.  Read  the  label  on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     Who was the manufacturer?


   2.     What is the brand name?


   3.     What is the common  name?


   4.     What is the chemical  name?


   5.     What is the percentage  of active  ingredients?


   6.     What is the signal word used on the label?


   7.     For  what toxicity category does  the  signal word stand?


   8.     How much pesticide does this  container hold?


   9.     What is the EPA registration number?


  10.     What is the EPA establishment number?


  11.     If  you applied this to corn on Monday, when  is the first day you could safely
         reenter the fields without wearing protective clothing?


  12.     If  you applied it on June 1, when  is the first day you could graze your livestock
         in  that area?


  13.     Is  this a  restricted use  or general use  pesticide?


  14.     Is  this pesticide flammable or corrosive?
                                         179

-------
              ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
         Mi-Heed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
               Total:
           100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning:
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                  KILL-DEAD
                  Chemical Company
                  Chemical City, West Virginia
                    180

-------
                                         ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #3
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Ol Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Ol Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such (actors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty ol Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it. subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass  weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in belter weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces.
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should  be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches       „  Recommended 	  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate ~  for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given.
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Water grass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed   will not control perennial weeds such as:

  Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle  Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                  Rate per acre ol  Anti-Weed
                                        Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15 Ibs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules.  3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and  thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops.  3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with  pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock for 21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          181

-------
                            LABELS AND LABELING
                                    UNIT V
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #4~INTERPRET NO-DISEASE LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read the  label on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What is the  brand  name?


   2.     What is the  common name?


   3.     What is the  chemical name?


   4.     How much pesticide  does  this container hold?
   5.     If you plan to harvest your beans on Saturday but on Monday notice gray mold,
         could you spray with this? Why or why not?
   6.     How long  would you have to wait after spraying to feed your cattle bean vines
         or hay?
   7.     When could workers reenter the fields after spraying without wearing protective
         clothing?
   8.     What  is the signal  word on  the  label?


   9.     For what  toxicity  category does the signal word stand?
                                        183

-------
                                          DIRECTIONS
00
                     No-Dijease  Benomyl Fungicide ihould be used only in  accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
(e'adicant).  and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use of
No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
yourKill-Deadrepresentatlve); consideration should be given to prompt use of
other suitable fungicides.
Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
OPl». use 5  to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
rate for large mature trees.
Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
hydraulic or mechanical  means: continuous agitation  is  required to Keep the
material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul'
fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture  with
ALMONDS: Brown Rot  Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to 1l ? ibs. per acre at pink
bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
second application during halt-to-full bloom.
APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease  per acre  with
sprayers. Do not graze livestock m treated orchards.
Scab (Apples).  Powdery Mildew, Sooty Blotch. Flyspeck-Use 4  to 6 oz. per 100
gals, at V green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period m order to
deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
adverse effects on fruit finish and color  may result:  if finish and color are of
primary importance, do not  use more than 4 oz. per  100  gals.
Postharvest  Fruit Rots (Botrytis Sp., Penicillium sp., Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
protection of fruit to be held  in storage, thoroughly wet harvested truit by dipping
or spraying  at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gats, after harvest but before
leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is  necessary.
BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclerotlnia), Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply I1; to 2
Ib*. per acre at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat at peak bloom. Do not apply within
14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated  bean vines or hay to  livestock.
CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS.  MELONS, SUMMER  AND
WINTER  SQUASH: Gummy Stem  Blight. Powdery  Mildew. Anthracnose
-Apply 4 to  8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
disease first  appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply 1J. ibs.
per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14-day inter-
vals through the bloom period.
MANGOES: Anthracnose-Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications at
first appearance of panicles (appro*. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until all
fruits are set.  Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
MUSHROOMS: Verticillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100  gals, and
apply to bed surface at the rate of 12'/i gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at  14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               CONTINUIO ON MONT PANEL
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecarbamate]
                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                           u s Nu J.MI.IIJ a i.«u»    EPA Est. 1 352-WV-l
                                                                      50%
                                                                      50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-3&4-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skm or eyes with plenty of water: for  eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT-Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container; crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50   LBS.
                                                                                            B 21150  8-73A                                Made in U.S.A.   Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical  City, West  Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab, Brown Uafepot, Downy Spot, Powdery MWew-Apply
"A to 1 Ib. per acre: use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollination when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (Thietavioptts par*doxa)-Use IV* Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to400gals, of spray per acre
with hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent  amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Oo not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment  prior to bud break. Use V*
Ib.  per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of V? Ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use Vj Ib.per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rh>
zopus spp. and Altemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis). Powdery Mildew,  Leaf Scorch, Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using lh Ib. per acre. Anthracnose— Apply 1 (b. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14-  to  21-day intervals as
needed.  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystis paradoia)-Apply
to  cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600), Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting: remove and altow to drain.
  Hot Dip— Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50 = C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery Mildew,  Black Spot); FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew, Botrytis Gray Mold):  Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.): for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on  hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS  (Easter Lily, Tulip, Gladiolus. Daffodil. Iris); Fusarium and PenkNium
Rots—Use  1^» Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonful* per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85'F.).  preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat'cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller: buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
C/5

a
•2.
2
m
•z.
-\
C/5
m
m

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                            LABELS AND  LABELING
                                    UNIT V
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS
Assignment Sheet #1
   1.     A-Z Chemicals
   2.     G
   3.     24%  (1.8 pounds  per gallon)
   4.     L
   5.     H
   6.     A
   7.     A, C, H
   8.     B
   9.     D
  10.     J,  L
Assignment Sheet #2
   1.     De Metho
   2.     methomyl
   3.     Does not have to appear if there is an approved common name
   4.     Seven days  after application
   5.     a.   Up to  14 days before
         b.   Up to  1 day at 2 pints/acre or up to 2 days at over  2 pints/acre
   6.     24 hours
   7.     1357-43
   8.     1357-VT-1
   9.     50 gallons
  10.     Danger (Poison, Skull and  Crossbones)
  11.     Highly  toxic
  12.     Restricted use
  13.     Any certified pesticide applicator
                                        185

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Assignment  Sheet  #3

   1.     Kill-Dead

   2.     Anti-Weed

   3.     atrazine

   4.     2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine

   5.     20%

   6.     Warning

   7.     Moderately toxic

   8.     50 pounds

   9.     1352-519

  10.     1352-WV-1

  11.     As soon as any dust had  settled  on that Monday

  12.     On June  22

  13.     Unable to determine because new label has not yet come  out, but the dealer
         can  tell  the  applicator  when  he/she goes to buy  this pesticide

  14.     No


Assignment  Sheet  #4

   1.     No-Disease

   2.     benomyl

   3.     Methyl I  (butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate

   4.     50 Ibs

   5.     No-14 days  to harvest

   6.     Cannot feed  the treated bean vines and  hay to livestock

   7.     After  the spray has dried  on

   8.     Caution

   9.     Slightly  toxic  to relatively  nontoxic
                                         186

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                    LABELS AND  LABELING
                             UNIT V
                              TEST
Match  the terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left. Place the
appropriate  numbers  in  the  blanks  provided.

	a.  Poisonous;  ability  to cause  injury  to
          plants and animals, including humans

	b.  Technical  information  including  the
          label  and  any  other printed material
          provided  by  the  manufacturer  or  its
          agent to accompany a pesticide product

	c.  Chemical  or other substance that can
          cause  injury   or  death   when  eaten,
          absorbed,  or  inhaled  by  plants   or
          animals,  including  man

	d.  Words which  must appear on pesticide
          labels  to  show toxicity  of pesticide

	e.  Written material  attached  to or printed
          on a pesticide container or wrapper

	f.  Unwanted organism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Label
Signal
words
Pesticide
Pest
Active
ingredient
Toxic
Labeling
Poison
Reentry
	g. Chemical or other  substance that will
         prevent, repel, destroy, or control a pest
         or  protect something  from a pest

	hi That part of a pesticide product which
         will  kill  or  control  pests or  prevent
         damage  by  them

	i.  Period   of  time  between  a  pesticide
         application and when workers  may  go
         back  into  an  area  without  wearing
         protective  clothing  or  equipment

Select from  the  list below  those statements  indicating when  to  read a  label.
Place an "X"  in  the appropriate blanks.
      _a.  Before  use  or purchase

      b.  Before  mixing
      _c.  Before  applying

      d.  Before  transporting,  storing, and disposing
                                 187

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3.     Match the users of the labels on the right to the ways the labels are used on
       the  left.  An  answer may be  used  more  than  once.

       	a.  Use  labels to control  sale, use, safety,      1.     State and
                storage, and  disposal of pesticides                federal
                                                                 governments
       	b.  Use   labels  as  the license  to  sell   a
                pesticide                                   2-     Manufacturers
                                                                 of pesticides

             c.  Use  labels to  determine the antidote to      -      ~   .       .
                                                           3.     Dealers and
                use in the proper treatment of poisoning       '     pest control
                cases                                            experts

      	d.  Use  labels as a way of deciding which      4     Buyers and
                pesticide  will  be effective against  the       '     users
                pest and  be the safest to use
                                  ....       ,        5.     Physicians
      	e.  Use   labels  to   decide   what  safety
                precautions  to take  and  how  much
                pesticide to  use

      	f.  Use    labels   to   aid   in    making
                recommendations  to buyers  and  users

4.    Select from  the  list below the agency in the federal government responsible for
      regulating sale and  use of pesticides and  registering  labels.

      	a.  U.S. Department of Agriculture

      	b.  State Department of Agriculture

      	c.  Environmental  Protection  Agency

      	d.  Environmental  Control  Agency
5.     Identify facts contained on a pesticide label by reading the following label and
       answering the questions  below.

       a.   What is the brand name?


       b.   What is the common name?


       c.   Who is the manufacturer?


       d.   What is the chemical name?


       e.   Is the  material a wettable powder, granular, or emulsifiable concentrate?
                                      188

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             SAMPLE LABEL— FRONT PANEL
                      R
    NOMITE  SOW
            Miticide


      Wettable Powder Formulation
     For Control of Plant-Feeding Mites

ACTIVE INGREDIENT
  Methylethylbutyl phos (metbutin)           50.0%
INERT INGREDIENTS                    50.0%
          E.P.A.  Registration No. 1576-491
          E.P.A.  Establishment No. 1576-NC-1
      POISON       TD    DANGER
        DANG ER: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
               See other cautions on side panel

      THE MOW CHEMICAL COMPANY

            SNOWBALL, N.C. 27000
                   189

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 6.     Match the  terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left. Place the
       appropriate numbers  in  the  blanks  provided.

       	a.  Well-known, made-up name accepted by     1.      Brand
                 the Environmental  Protection Agency to            name
                 identify  the   active   ingredients   in  a
                 pesticide                                   2.      Common
                                                                   name
       	b.  Scientific  "often  complicated"  name
                 which  tells  what the  active ingredients     3.      Chemical
                 are                                                name

       	c.  Name   used  by   a   manufacturer  to
                 identify  a  pesticide as their product

 7.     Match the signal words on the right to the toxicity categories on the left. Place
       the  proper numbers in the  blanks  provided.

       	a.  Highly toxic pesticides; the word poison     1.      Caution
                 printed  in   red  and  the  skull   and
                 crossbones symbol  are also required on     2.      Warning
                 labels of highly  toxic pesticides
                                                            3.      Danger
       	b.  Slightly  toxic  to  relatively  nontoxic
                 pesticides

       	c.  Moderately  toxic pesticides
 8.     Discuss  in  a short paragraph  days to  harvest  and days  to slaughter in the
        application of pesticides.
 9.     Discuss  reentry  regulations following  application of pesticides.
10.     Name the factors that form  the  basis for pesticide classification into general
        use  or restricted use pesticides.
        a.

        b.

        c.
                                         190

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11.    Distinguish between general use and restricted use pesticides by placing an "X"
       in the blank indicating general use pesticide.

       	a.  Pesticide  use that may cause  damage in the environment or endanger
                 the applicator or other persons even when label directions are followed

       	b.  Pesticide  use that will not cause excessive damage in the environment
                 or endanger the applicator or other persons when  applied according
                 to label directions

12.    Interpret  the  De Pesto  label  on  the  next page by answering the following
       questions.

       a.   What is the common name?
       b.   If  you applied this to control  lygus bugs in alfalfa, how long would you
            have to wait  before cutting or grazing?
       c.   How close to harvest  could you spray  potatoes?
       d.   If  you sprayed corn  on Wednesday,  when  is the first day workers could
            go back  into  the  field  without wearing protective  clothing?
       e.   Who could buy this pesticide?
                                       191

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CO
ro
       PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

     HAZARDS TO HUMANS

           (DANGER)
Poiionout by swallowing or inhalation.
Do not breath* spray mitt. Do not get In
eyes. Avoid contact with tkln. UW only
whan  wearing  tha following  protective
equipment and  clothing. Wear  tightly-
wovan cotton overalls, waterproof hat,
un lined neoprena gloves and booti. Wear
safety goggles and/or face thiald. Waar a
matk or respirator jointly approved by
the  Mining  Enforcement  and  Safety
Administration   and  by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health. Before  removing glove*, wash
them with detergent and water.  Always
wash handi.  face and  armi with deter-
gent and water  before smoking, eating
or drinking.  For emergency assistance,
call 000-000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN: Da Petto it a reversible
cholinesterase  inhibitor.  Do not  ute
oximet such as 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravenously of subcutaneous)y. If
in eye,-instill one drop ol Homatrooina.
Close supervision of ih* patient is indi-
cated lor at least 48 hours.

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This  pesticide  is toxic to  wildlife and
fish.  Use with  care when applying in
areas frequented  by wildlife or adjacent
lo any body of water. Keep out of lakes,
streams or ponds. Do not apply where
runoff is likely  to occur. Do not apply
when  weather  conditions favor  drift
from target  area, Do  not  contaminate
water  by cleaning of equipment Or dis-
posal ol wastes.

   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

           HAZARDS
Flammable) Keep away from heal and
open flame.
                                                                 DIRECTIONS FOR USE


                                                            labeling.
                                                                RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                                    (IF APPLICABLEI
                                                            Do not enter within 48 hours after
                                                            application.
                                                              CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                                    (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                               STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                            STORAGE —Do not contaminate water.
                                                            food, or  feed  by storage  or disposal.
                                                            Open dumping  is prohibited. DISFOS-
                                                            AL-Pesticide, tpray mixture, or rinsate
                                                            lhat cannot be used or chemically repro-
                                                            cessed should be disposed of in a landfill
                                                            approved  for pesticides or buried  in a
                                                            safe  place away from water supplies.
                                                            Containers should be  triple rinsed and
                                                            offered  for recycling, reconditioning, or
                                                            disposed in approved landfill or buried in
                                                            a safe place.
                                                            Consult Federal, State or local Disposal
                                                            authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                                            dures.
                                                                                                                     RESTRICTED   USE   PESTICIDE

                                                                                                                        FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                                                       CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                                                       DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                                                PESTO^I
                                                                                                                                          INSECTICIDE
                                                                                                                                EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

                                                                                                                   ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid  45.0%
                                                                                                                   INERT INGREDIENTS:                             55.0%
                                                                                                                   TOTAL:                                             100.0%
                                                                                                                   THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 IBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                                                                                                  KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                                           DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

                                                      IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a tabletpoonful of salt in a glass of
                                                        warm water. Repeat until vomitus is clear. Call a physician immediately.
                                                      IF INHALED • Remove to fresh eir. Call a physician immediately.
                                                      IF IN  EYES • Flush eyas with plenty of water tor at least 15 minute*. Call a
                                                        Physician immediately.
                                                      IF ON SKIN - In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
                                                        wash skin with detergent and water.


                                                                    SEE SIDE PANEL FOR  ADDITIONAL
                                                                      PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                      MFC BY A-2 CHEMICALS
                                                                          CHEMTOIM, NEVADA

                                                                       EPA EST.  NO.  1357-NV-1
                                                                  EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42

                                                                      NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

METHODS OF APPLICATION: The mini-
mum gallonege requirement I* 10 flalloni of
finished spray pef acre  with ground equip-
ment, 2 gallons per acre with aircraft.

ALFALFA:  Air and  Ground Application-
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae, Pea Aphid, and In New York state for
Snout  Beetle  control. Apply  the amount of
Da Pesto indicated in the chart, when feeding
is  noticed or whan  Insects appear. Alfalfa
Weevil Adult—Apply  1-2 pints per acre when
insects appear. Lygu* Bogs-Apply 2 pints per
acre prior to  bloom.  Observe the indicated
number ol days alter application before  cut-
ting or graiing. Do not apply more thin once
per season. Apply only  to field planted to
pure stands of Alfalfa.
   Pints of                Do Not Cut
   De Pesto                 or Oraie
   Par Acre                  Within

      v>                      7 days
      1                     14 days
      2                     28 days

CORN, FIELD:  Ground Application-Corn
Rootworms-Use  \Yi  pints of De Pesto  par
13.OOO linear  feet (1 acre with 40 inch spac-
ing). Apply, at planting, as a 7 inch band Over
the row or inject on  each side of the row by
mining with water or liquid fertiliiers. When
De Pesto is used with liquid fertilizers, mi* In
the following way making sure that the min-
ture is physically compatible. Premix  1 part
of De Petto with 2 parti of water.  Add  this
premi* to the tank  of fertiliier along with
rinsings from  the premising container. Main-
tain agitation in  tha tank  after mixing  and
during application. Do not  mi» until ready to
use.

SUGARCANE: Sugarcane Borer-Apply MH
pints De Petto per acre using ground or aerial
equipment. Check sugarcane fields weekly,
beginning  in  early  June   and continuing
through August. Make first application only
after visible joints form and  5% or more of
the plants are infested with  young larvae feed-
ing in or under the leal sheath and which have
not bored into the stalks.  Repeat whenever
field checks indicate the infestation exceeds
5%. Do not apply within 17 days of harvest.
Do not ute in  Hawaii.
ORANGES,  LEMONS, GRAPEFRUIT,  and
TANGELOS  in Ariiona and California: Air
and O'ound application-Citrus thrlpt-Apply
De Ptito at K to 1 Ib. per acre. Use sufficient
water  to obtain thorough coverage  45 to IS
gals/acre by air). Ute the higher rate on tevere
infestations of  thript. Apply  in (he early
spring before  bloom when the new growth it
about  3 to 4  inches long. Make additional ap-
plications as needed until the new fruit Is  wal-
nut siie. Application at petal fall may be Cflti-
cei to  prevent  fruit scarring.  Applications
during mid-summer to protect new growth on
young trees are also recommended.

Do not apply  within 3 dayiof harvest. Do not
grata livestock in treated orchards for 10 days
after treatment,

POTATO;  Tuberworm,   cabbage  loooer,
aphids. and in areas east of tha Mississippi
River,  leafhoppers and  flea  beetles.  Apply
De Pesto et indicated rates when field checks
indicate the Insect In tenet ton Is above  5V
Tuberworm, cabbage  looper and aphid-apply
V, to  1  Ib.  per  acre.  Leaf hopper  end  flea
beetles-apply H  Ib par acre. Do not apply
within 14 days of harvest.

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                        LABELS AND  LABELING
                                UNIT V


                          ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   6            f.   4

      b.   7            g.   3

      c.   8            h.   5

      d.   2            i.   9

      e.   1

2.     a, b, c,  d

3.     a.   1

      b.   2

      c.   5

      d.   4

      e.   4

      f.   3

4.     c.   Environmental  Protection Agency

5.     a.   Nomite

      b.   metbutin

      c.   Mow Chemical Company

      d.   Methylethylbutyl  phos

      e.   Wettable powder

6.     a.   2

      b.   3

      c.   1

7.     a.   3

      b.   1

      c.   2
                                    193

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 8.     Discussion  should include:

        a.    Residue amounts are determined and safe  tolerances are set

        b.    Least  number of days between last  pesticide  application and harvest or
             slaughter are determined to  remain under  tolerance

        c.    Days to harvest or slaughter  are listed  on the label

        d.    Harvest  or  slaughter should not be attempted before time period is over

 9.     Discussion  should include:

        a.    Wait  at least until  the deposit has dried or the  dust has settled before
             reentering  the field, even with the least hazardous pesticides

        b.    Follow reentry times on label

        c.    Do not allow workers,  children,  or other persons to  reenter the sprayed
             area until  this  time has  passed

        d.    Wear protective clothing and  equipment if reentry must be made before
             time  elapses

        e.    Federal standards require that at  least a hat, shoes and socks, and closely
             woven  fabric coveralls with long  sleeves and trouser legs (or long sleeved
             shirt  and long  legged trousers) be  worn if early  reentry must  be made

10.     a.    Hazard of poisoning

        b.    Way  pesticide is used

        c.    Effects on  the environment

11.     b

12.     a.    pestoff

        b.    28 days

        c.    15 days-Do  not apply  within 14  days  of harvest

        d.    Saturday

        e.    Any  certified  pesticide  applicator
                                        194

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                      PERSONAL SAFETY  AND  FIRST  AID
                                     UNIT VI
                             TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion of this  unit, the student should be able to distinguish between acute
and chronic poisoning and between when to induce or not to induce vomiting. The student
should be  able to name three common families of  pesticides and one example of each
family and  name ways  pesticides enter  the body.  The student should be able to match
signal words to categories of toxicity, match degrees of poisoning to the signs and symptoms
of poisoning, match pesticide first aid kit items to their uses, and interpret labels correctly.
The  student should  be  able to  name basic first aid rules and distinguish  between safe
and unsafe pesticide practices  by surveying a farm. This  knowledge will be  evidenced by
scoring one hundred  percent  on the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion of this  unit, the student should be able to:

        1.     Match terms  associated  with personal  safety and first aid to the correct
              definitions.

        2.     Distinguish  between acute and  chronic poisoning.

        3.     Discuss in a  short paragraph the basis  for signal words.

        4.     Match signal  words to categories of toxicity.

        5.     Name three common families of pesticides and one example of each family.

        6.     Name the reasons  for distinguishing between the families of pesticides.

        7.     Name three ways pesticides enter  the  body.

        8.     Name the most  important  routes of entry for pesticides.

        9.     Discuss in a  short paragraph the cholinesterase test.

      10.     Name the causes of most pesticide poisoning.

      11.     Match degrees of poisoning to the signs  and symptoms of poisoning caused
              by nerve poisons.

      12.     Select from  a list  the signs and symptoms  of  fumigant  poisoning.
                                       195

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13.     Name the basic first aid  rules for  poison  on skin, chemical burns, poison
        in  the  eye,  and inhaled  poison.

14.     Select from a list the most important first aid measure in case of poisoning.

15.     Distinguish between when to  induce  vomiting  and when not to induce
        vomiting.

16.     Discuss  in a  short  paragraph  the  procedure for inducing  vomiting.

17.     Name the symptoms  of  shock.

18.     Name the steps to follow in case of  pesticide  poisoning.

19.     Name the local hospital or poison  control center that serves your area and
        that  can provide  emergency  treatment for  pesticide poisoning.

20.     Match  pesticide first  aid  kit items to their uses.

21.     Distinguish between safe and  unsafe pesticide practices by surveying a farm.

22.     Interpret pesticide  labels  as  they  relate  to  personal safety and  first aid.
                                   196

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                 PERSONAL SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                UNIT VI
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with  objective sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with  information  and assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Collect chemical container labels for use in  the classroom.

    E.   Collect information related to  pesticide  poisoning and  accidents.

    F.   Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

    G.   Discuss  information and  assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: If student does not have a  farm to survey, assign  him one.)

    H.   Discuss safety information contained on  labels.

    I.    Have  students assemble pesticide first aid kit.

    J.    Ask  students to role  play various  poisoning symptoms and accidents and
         allow remainder of class to describe  proper  first aid.

    K.   Contact a trained  medical  person  at  the  local hospital  or poison control
         center that provides treatment for pesticide poisoning and ask the person
         to speak to the class.

    L.   Have  class  make drawing of  human form and mark areas which absorb
         pesticides  most quickly.

    M.   Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read  objective  sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: If  you do not live on  a farm, check with one of your classmates
         or a farmer in  your  community.)

    D.   Take  test.
                                   197

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                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.  Objective sheet

 II.  Information sheet

III.  Transparency masters

     A.   TM  1-Signal Words

     B.   TM  2--Ways  Pesticides Enter Body

IV.  Assignment sheets

     A.   Assignment Sheet  #1--Distinguish  Between Safe  and  Unsafe Pesticide
          Practices

     B.   Assignment Sheet #2~Describe Treatments for Poisonings

 V.  Test

VI.  Answers  to test
                                    198

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                PERSONAL SAFETY  AND  FIRST  AID
                               UNIT VI
                        INFORMATION SHEET


I.  Terms and definitions

   A.   Antidote-Treatment  given by a medically trained person to reduce the
        effects of pesticide poisoning

   B.   Absorb--To take a  pesticide or other material into a plant, animal, or the
        soil

   C.   Acute  poisoning-Poisoning which occurs  after a single  exposure to a
        pesticide

   D.   Chronic poisoning-Poisoning which occurs as a result of repeated exposures
        to pesticides  over  a  period of time

   E.   Contact-To touch  or be touched  by

   F.   Dermal toxicity-How poisonous  a pesticide  is to man or animal  when  in
        contact  with  the skin

   G.   Dilute-To make a pesticide thinner or weaker by adding water, oil, or other
        material;  to water  down

   H.   First aid-First  effort to help a victim of poisoning while medical help is
        on the way

   I.   Hazard-Risk  of danger; chance  that injury  or harm will come to the
        applicator,  other persons,  plants, or animals

   J.   Inhalation-To take air into  the  lungs; to breath in

   K.   Inhalation toxicity-How poisonous a pesticide is to man or  animal when
        breathed  in  through  the lungs

   L.   LCgQ-Concentration  of a  pesticide in the air which  would kill half of a
        large number of test animals exposed to  it

        (NOTE: The lower the  LC number value, the more poisonous the pesticide.
        It is often  used as the  measure of acute inhalation toxicity. LC stands for
        lethal concentration.)

   M.   LDgQ-Dose or amount of a pesticide which would kill half of a large number
        of test animals  if  eaten or absorbed  through the  skin

        (NOTE: The lower the  LD number value, the more poisonous the pesticide.
        LD number values  are the commonly used measures of acute  oral  or acute
        dermal toxicity. LD  stands for  lethal dose.)

   N.   Lethal-Deadly

   O.   Oral-Through  the  mouth
                                  199

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                              INFORMATION SHEET
         P.   Shock-Severe  reaction of the human  body to a serious injury; can  result
              in death if  not treated
         Q.   Signs and symptoms-Warning that  something is wrong
              (NOTE: A sign is an outward signal  of a disease or poisoning in a plant
              or animal,  including humans. A symptom is a feeling of  being sick.)
         R.   Toxicity-How  poisonous  a  pesticide  is to a living  organism
         S.   Vomitus-Matter which  is vomited
     II.  Acute versus chronic poisoning
         .A.   Acute-Poisoning which  occurs after a single exposure to a pesticide
         B.   Chronic-Poisoning  which occurs as  a result  of repeated  exposures  to
              pesticides  over a -period of time
              (NOTE: Signs and symptoms of acute and chronic  poisoning may  be the
              same.)
    III.  Basis for signal words  (Transparency  1)
         (NOTE:  If any of these forms of toxicity is  highly toxic, then the pesticide
         label must  carry the signal  word for highly toxic.)
         A.   Acute oral toxicity  of  the  pesticide
         B.   Acute dermal  toxicity  of the pesticide
         C.   Acute inhalation toxicity of the pesticide
    IV.  Signal words and categories  of toxicity
Categories
I
Highly
Toxic
II
Moderately
Toxic
III
Slightly
Toxic
IV
Relatively
Nontoxic
Signal Word
Required on
The Label
DANGER
(skull and
crossbones
POISON)
WARNING
CAUTION
CAUTION
Categories of Acute
LD50
Oral Dermal
mq/kq
0-50 0-200
over 50 over 200
to 500 to 2,000
over 500 over 2,000
to 5,000 to 20,000
over 5,000 over 20,000
Toxicity
LC50
Inhalation
mq/1
0-0.2
over 0.2
to 2.0
over 2.0
to 20
over 20
Probable Oral
Lethal Dose
for 150 1 b.
person
A few drops
to a teaspoon-
ful
Over one
teaspoonful
to one ounce
Over one ounce
to one pint or
one pound
Over one pint
or one pound
(NOTE:  A small child  would be  poisoned  by much less pesticide than the 150 pound
person in the  example.  Keep all pesticides out of the reach of children!)
                                         200

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                         INFORMATION SHEET


V.   Families of pesticides

     (NOTE:  These are three common families of insecticides which act  as nerve
     poisons.  Common  names  are  not  capitalized;  brand  [trade]  names  are
     capitalized.)

     A.   Organophosphates or organophosphorous

            1.     parathion

            2.     TEPP

            3.     Phosdrin

            4.     phorate  (Thimet)

            5.     demeton (Systox)

            6.     Di-Syston

            7.     Guthion

            8.     phosphamidon

            9.     Monitor

           10.     malathion

                  (NOTE: Many of the Organophosphates are highly toxic orally,
                  dermally, and through  inhalation.  Some are only slightly toxic.)

     B.   Carbamates

            1.     aldicarb (Temik)

            2.     carbofuran  (Furadan)

            3.     carbaryl (Sevin)

            4.     formetanate hydrochloride  (Carzol)

            5.     methomyl (Lannate)

                  (NOTE: Many carbamates are  only moderately or slightly toxic.
                  However, some are highly  toxic  orally, dermally, and through
                  inhalation.)

     C.   Chlorinated  hydrocarbons or  organochlorines

         (NOTE:  DDT,  aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, and  heptachlor belong to  this
         family. However, there may be fewer registered uses for agriculture in the
         future.)
                                   201

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET

              1.     endrin
              2.     lindane
              3.     methoxychlor
              4.     endosulfan  (Thiodan)
              5.     dicofol (Kelthane)
                     (NOTE: Some chlorinated hydrocarbons are considered hazardous
                     because they persist  in  the environment. Also, some are highly
                     toxic dermally and  orally.)
 VI.   Reasons for distinguishing  between families of pesticides
       A.  Pesticides within a family cause the same  kinds of poisoning
       B.  Pesticides within a family are sometimes similar in  the hazards they cause
       C.  First aid  and antidote for poisoning are the same within a  family
 VII.   Ways  pesticides enter the  body  (Transparency  2)
       A.  Oral
       B.  Dermal
       C.  Inhalation
VIM.   Most  important routes  of  entry for pesticides
       A.  Applicator-Dermal and inhalation
       B.  Small  children-Oral and dermal
           (NOTE:  You can  be  poisoned no matter which  way the pesticide enters
           your body.  It may enter and poison you through all three routes of entry
           at the same  time.)
 IX.   The cholinesterase test
       A.  Chemical  cholinesterase is necessary for nervous system to function properly
           (NOTE:  Without  this chemical  the  person  will die.)
       B.  Carbamate 'and  organophosphate pesticides  attack cholinesterase  in  blood
           and  make it useless
       C.  A simple  blood test is used to determine cholinesterase level and measure
           pesticide  exposure
                                      202

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                         INFORMATION SHEET
 X.  Causes of most pesticide poisoning
     A.   Careless  practices
     B.   Ignorance
          (NOTE:  Learn safe  procedures; it is  for your  own good.)
XI.  Signs and symptoms of poisoning  caused  by nerve  poisons
     (NOTE: Some nerve poisons are organophosphates, carbamates, and chlorinated
     hydrocarbons.)
     A.   Mild
             1.     Fatigue
             2.     Headache
             3.     Dizziness
             4.     Blurred vision
             5.     Too  much sweating  and salivation
             6.     Nausea  and vomiting
             7.     Stomach cramps and diarrhea
     B.   Moderate
             1.     Unable  to  walk
             2.     Weakness
             3.     Chest discomfort
             4.     Muscle  twitches
             5.     Constriction  of  pupil of the eye
             6.     Earlier symptoms become more severe
     C.   Severe
             1.     Unconsciousness
             2.     Severe constriction of pupil  of eye
             3.     Muscle twitches
                                   203

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                           INFORMATION SHEET
              4.    Secretion from mouth and  nose
              5.    Breathing difficulty
              6.    Fever
              7.    Intense heat
                    (NOTE:  Unfortunately,  all  signs and  symptoms of pesticide
                    poisoning are not the same. The sickness may be mild or severe,
                    depending on the pesticide and the amount absorbed. However,
                    the pattern of illness caused  by one family of pesticides is always
                    the  same.  On  the  other hand, having some  of  the signs and
                    symptoms does not always mean you have been poisoned. Other
                    kinds of sickness may cause similar signs and symptoms. Headache
                    and  a  feeling of being unwell, for example, may signal the start
                    of many kinds of illness.  It is the pattern of symptoms that makes
                    it possible to  tell one kind of  sickness from  another.)
 XII.   Signs and symptoms of fumigant poisoning
       A.  Person appears drunk
       B.  Poor coordination
       C.  Slurring words
       D.  Confusion
       E.  Sleepiness
           (CAUTION: Do not let yourself or anyone else get dangerously sick before
           calling your doctor or going to a hospital. It is better to be too cautious
           than  too late. Take the  container  and  the label of the pesticide to the
           doctor.)
XIII.   Basic first aid rules
       A.  Poison on  skin
              1.    Act  quickly
              2.    Remove contaminated clothing and drench skin  with water
              3.    Cleanse  skin and hair  thoroughly with  detergent and water
                    (NOTE:  Liquid  detergents and commercial  cleansers are better
                    than soap.)
              4.    Dry  victim  and wrap  in  blanket
                    (CAUTION: Do not allow pesticide to  get on you while  you are
                    helping the victim.)
                                      204

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                     INFORMATION SHEET


B.   Chemical burn

        1.    Wash  with large quantities  of  running  water

        2.     Remove contaminated clothing

        3.     Cover burned area  immediately with loose,  clean, soft cloth

              (NOTE: Do not apply ointments, greases, powders, or other drugs
              in  first  aid  treatment  of  burns.)

C.   Poison  in  eye

        1.     Wash  eye  quickly  but gently

        2.     Hold eyelid open and wash with gentle stream of clean running
              water

        3.     Wash  for  15 minutes or  more

              (CAUTION:  Do not use  chemicals or drugs  in the wash water.
              They  may increase the extent of the injury.)

D.   Inhaled  poison

     (NOTE: If patient  is in  an  enclosed area,  do not enter without  proper
     protective  clothing and equipment.  If proper clothing is not available, call
     for emergency equipment from  your fire department.)

        1.     Carry victim to fresh  air immediately

        2.     Get victim to a doctor

        3.     Open  all doors and windows so no  one else will be  poisoned

        4.     Loosen  tight clothing

        5.     Apply artificial  respiration if breathing has stopped or is irregular

        6.     Keep  victim  as quiet as possible

        7.     Prevent  chilling

              (NOTE: An important step in good first aid is to call the doctor.
              It  is the initial  effort to help a victim while medical help is on
              the way that is important. Before going to  call for emergency
              help if you  are alone with the victim, make sure that the victim
              is  breathing and that he/she is not further exposed. Always save
              the pesticide label  for the  doctor.)
                               205

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


XIV.   Most important  first aid measure--Remove  or  dilute the pesticide with water

 XV.   When  to induce or not to induce vomiting

       A.  Read the label for instructions

       B.  Never  induce  vomiting

               1.     If the victim  is unconscious or is in convulsions

               2.     If the victim  has  swallowed a corrosive poison

                     (NOTE: A corrosive poison is a strong acid or alkali. A corrosive
                     poison  will burn the throat and  mouth as severely coming up
                     as it did going down. It may also get into the lungs and cause
                     severe damage  there  also.)

               3.     If the  victim  has swallowed  emulsifiable concentrate  or oil
                     solutions

                     (NOTE: Emulsifiable  concentrates and oil solutions cause severe
                     damage  to  the lungs if vomited.)

       C.  Induce vomiting-Only if the  label  or a trained medical person tells you
           to

XVI.   Procedure for inducing vomiting

       A.  Position victim face  down or  kneeling forward

           (CAUTION: Do  not  allow victim to lie on  his back because the vomitus
           could  enter the  lungs and cause severe damage.)

       B.  Give victim large amounts of  milk or water

           (NOTE: One  to  two cups should be  given  to a victim up to five years
           of  age and up to  a  quart for victims five  years of age and older.)

       C.  Put finger or  the blunt end of a spoon at the back of  victim's throat or
           have victim drink  a  glass of very salty water

           (CAUTION: Do  not  use  anything which  is sharp or pointed.)

       D.  Collect some of the vomitus for doctor if you do not know what the poison
           is

           (NOTE: In any poisoning emergency,  think first of water.  Your first aim
           is to  remove  the pesticide no  matter  where it is. Then get the victim to
           a doctor fast.)
                                      206

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                              INFORMATION SHEET


  XVII.   Symptoms of shock

         A.   Skin pale, moist, cold,  and clammy

         B.   Eyes vacant with dilated  pupils

         C.   Breathing  shallow and irregular

         D.   Pulse weak,  rapid, and  irregular

XVIII.   Steps to follow in case  of pesticide poisoning

         A.   Call doctor or  take  victim to the  doctor or hospital

         B.   Check to  see if patient is breathing

         C.   Locate pesticide label and have available for doctor

  XIX.   Local hospital or poison control center that serves your area and that can provide
         emergency treatment for  pesticide poisoning

         A.   City 	Address 	

         B.   Telephone: Area Code 	 Number 	
              (NOTE: Make sure your doctor  has  the number of the poison center.)

   XX.  Contents of  pesticide  first aid kit and their uses

         A.   Plastic  bottle of  detergent-Used  to  wash pesticides quickly off the skin

         B.   Plastic  container  of salt-Used to induce vomiting and to aid a person in
              shock

         C.   Bag of activated  charcoal-When mixed with water and swallowed acts as
              an absorber of all pesticides

         D.   Shaped  plastic airway-Used for mouth-to-mouth  resuscitation

         E.   Plastic  bottle of  clean water-Used for diluting the salt

         F.   Band-aids, bandages, and tape-Used for wrapping cuts and scrapes and for
              protecting burns

         G.   Blanket-Used for covering a victim

         H.   Coins-Used  for emergency phone calls

         I.    Clean  empty jar-Used as a drinking  glass or  for collecting vomitus
                                        207

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                          Signal Words
      DAN6ER
N)
§
Moderately Toxic
                       Highly Toxic
                                           Slightly Toxic to
                                           Relatively Nontoxic

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        Ways Pesticides Enter Body
Oral
                  Dermal
                                   Inhalation

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                      PERSONAL SAFETY  AND FIRST AID
                                    UNIT VI
         ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #1~DISTINGUISH BETWEEN SAFE  AND
                        UNSAFE PESTICIDE PRACTICES
Everyone can improve his methods of handling pesticides. Each year many accidents occur
because of improper and careless handling of pesticides. How do you stand? Are you
following safe practices? Check yourself by answering the following questions as you are
surveying a farm. Remember  that one  "NO" may  be what gets  you in  trouble. When
you  have answered all the questions, return the  assignment sheet  to your instructor for
evaluation.
STORE  YOUR  PESTICIDES SAFELY

Do you have a separate space to store  pesticides?

Do you keep it locked and are the windows tight, barred,
or boarded over?

Do you keep all your pesticides in this storage rather than
in the  garage,  feed  room, basement, porch,  kitchen,  or
refrigerator?

Do you store herbicides separately from other pesticides?

Are there  signs on your storage so firemen  and others are
warned?

Do you check periodically  for leaking containers?

KEEP IN THE ORIGINAL  CONTAINER SO THE LABEL
IS THERE!

Do you always keep pesticides  in the  original container
instead of old "coke" bottles, milk cartons, or other food
containers?

When people ask you for a little spray mix out of your tank
do you  refuse?

Do you  always remember what is  in an unlabeled container?

Do you always  remember the safety precautions, antidotes,
and directions for use,  even though  the container is not
labeled?

Do you safely dispose of unlabeled pesticides, rather than
take a chance with your memory?
Yes
D
D
D
D
No
D
D      D
           D
           D
  ]       D
                                      213

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USE    THE    RECOMMENDED    CLOTHING    AND
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Do you read the label to see what protective clothing you
should wear?

Do you start each  spraying day with clean spray clothing?

Do you check the signal word and precautions for use on
the label to see  what protective equipment is  necessary?

Do you wear the protective equipment recommended on the
label?

Do you clean  and  maintain  your  protective equipment
regularly and often?

Do you throw away rubber gloves that have only tiny holes
in them?
Yes
D
No
          D
SPILLS AND  SPLASHES OF  CONCENTRATES CAN BE
VERY HAZARDOUS!

Do you know what to  do if  you should  spill a pesticide
on  yourself while  mixing?

Do you wear adequate footgear with your pant cuffs on the
outside so  pesticides won't run into your footgear?

Do you have sawdust, vermiculite,  kitty litter, or some other
absorbent  on hand to soak up spills?

Do you always watch your sprayer tank when filling  so it
won't  run  over and spill on the  ground?

Do  you have  a  check  valve  or other device  on  your
equipment  to prevent back-siphoning into the water supply?

Is your application equipment well maintained so it doesn't
leak and leave  toxic puddles  or piles of pesticide on the
ground?

Do you avoid draining leftover spray mix on the ground?

Do you discard old high pressure  hose instead of patching
it and hoping no  one will be nearby when it bursts?

Do you clean  nozzles with a brush or by rinsing instead of
blowing them out with  your mouth?
D
D
          D
  ]       L
          D
n
          D
                                        214

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POOR  CONTAINER  DISPOSAL  MAY  CAUSE  BAD
ACCIDENTS!

Do you rinse each "empty" liquid container at least three
times and dump  the  rinsings into the tank?

Do you keep your used containers in your storage area until
disposed?

Do you collect every container for disposal before  leaving
a job instead of leaving them in the field or  at your tank
filling station?

Do you puncture, break,  or crush nonburnable containers
so they can't  be  reused?

Do you keep or return to the manufacturer 30 and 55 gallon
pesticide drums, rather than giving them away for floats or
trash  barrels?

ATTRACTIVE NUISANCES CAN RESULT IN LAWSUITS!

Do you keep your spray equipment where  children  cannot
play on it?

Do you  keep  your  spray  equipment clean so  that those
touching it  will not  be contaminated?

Do you always release pressure on your equipment so spray
guns won't  be accidentally triggered?

CARE IN APPLICATION PREVENTS ACCIDENTS

Do you check the wind direction and the  area downwind
before applying pesticides?

Do you consider  substituting a  safer  chemical  if you  are
spraying near a sensitive area?

Do you check for the possibility of showers and damaging
runoff before  applying pesticides?

Do you plan your pesticide application so it will have little
or no effect on  bees, birds, fish,  or  other wildlife?

Do you  remove,  turn over, or cover up pet dishes, sand
boxes, and  plastic pools  before spraying private property?

Do you make sure  that children and pets are out of  the
area and stay  out until the spray dries?

Do you use the least toxic pesticide  that will control  the
known pest, if all other factors are  equal?
Yes
n
n
n
n
n
No

D
D
n      n
          n
n       n
                                        215

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                      PERSONAL SAFETY AND  FIRST  AID
                                    UNIT  VI
      ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2--DESCRIBE  TREATMENTS FOR POISONINGS
Listed  below you  will find several imaginary  cases of poisoning. The  purpose  of  this
assignment is to determine if you have the ability and knowledge of describing the necessary
treatment  of each one. After completion of this assignment turn  in to  instructor for
evaluation.

   1.     Your sister has told  you that she will be spraying in the southwest cotton fields
         all morning. When she doesn't appear for lunch,  you and  a  friend drive out
         and find  her lying in the field. She is vomiting, is unable to walk, has pinpoint
         pupils, and her muscles are  twitching.

         a.   By what route(s)  of entry was  your sister probably poisoned?
         b.   What would  you do?
   2.     Your  little brother  is crying  and screaming  on the floor of the mixing area.
         You notice a bottle  of De Metho next to him and see traces of it on his mouth
         and tongue. You  are alone at the time.

         (NOTE: Use  the  De Metho  label on the following page.)

         a.   By which route(s) of entry was your  brother probably poisoned?
         b.   What do you do?
                                       217

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ro
oo
      PRECAUTIONARY

        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
Polionov* by •wallowing o* lrth»Utk»n.
Oo not brMtM ipny mln. Do not 0*1 >n
•v«t. Avoid contKt with thin. UM only
whfn  wearing the following prottctiv*
•qulpmcrtt and clothing. WMf  tiohtly-
wov*n  cotton ovtrcili, waterproof hat,
unlinad nvoprvna Q:OVM «nd boon. WM
Mfaiy ooogitt end/or fac* ihlaid. W«*r
mavh or retolrator Jointly approwad b
th» 'Mining  Enfommant  and  Salat
Adminiftration and  by trtt  Nattoni
Inititut* for Occupational Safaty and
Health. Bel ore removing glove*, wadi
them with detergent and water. Alwayt
wain handt. leca  and arm* with deter-
gent and water before smoking, eating
or  drinking. For emergency eiil>tan;e.
call 000 OOO OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN. Da Met ho «• • *ever«ible
choiineitereM  inhibitor.  Oo  not  UM
OiiJmet lucn » 3-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intravanoudy  of lubcutaneouHy. If
In eye. Inttill one drop of Homatropine.
Cloaa tupervinon o'  the patient it indi-
cated for et leait 48 hour*.

 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thtt pettlcide  ii  to«>c to wikHile end
Iftti. Ute wiih cere when applying in
•reel frequented by wildlile or adjacent
to any  body of water. Keep out Of leke*,
•treemi or pondi. Oo not apply where
runoff  M likely to occur Do not apply
when weather condition! fawor drift
Irom target  area. Oo not contaminate
water by cleaning of equipment or dia*
potal Of weitem.


   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

          HAZARDS
Plemmeblel Keep  eway from heat and
     DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It !• • violation of FMaral !•* to UM tWt
product in • mannvr ineontiitam wi
UMIina

    RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
       (IF APPLICABLE)
Do not flnter area within
24 hour! atter application.

 CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
       (IF APPLICABLE)
                                      STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                   STORAGC-Do not contaminate water,
                                   food, or feed by itoraae or dltpoael.
                                   Open dumping * prohibited. DISPOS-
                                   AL -Fettle Id*. tpray ml.ture, or riniate
                                   met eennot be uMd or cnomieally rep«o-
                                   eaued *ouM Oe dlepoMd o* In a landf lit
                                   aeproved for pwtkidee or bwied  In a
                                   wfo place awey from  wet*r aupplie*.
                                   Conttlnori ehowW be tripw rlnead end
                                   Offered for recycling, reconditioning, O*
                                                 d lendtlU or bwrtod In
                                   Comwlt Fed«ral. •«• or local DMPOM)
                                                                                          RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                             FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                            CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                            DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                      E mulsif iable  Concentrate
ACTIVE INGREDI
INERT INGRJEC
TOTAL:    .— ^>
                                                                                                     •    ,       ^     -
                                                                                                   Net Content: 50 gallons
 .8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
                                                                                                          OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                DANGER   -  POISON
      DIRECTIONS FOR-USE

          CONTINUED

      SPRAY PREPARATION

Fin a0rty tank ft to % Ml el wra. Add Ot
Ultho oVecth; to iprcy tank and mix thor-
oughly, Ming mechanical or hydreitlte mom;
do not vm tit agnation.

         APPLICATION
tint appear. Unl«a ottunxin noted, contlnv*
application il 5- » 7-day Inter** gr •
needed. Me M'fictont water It-IB gali Per
acre by Mr) to obtain thorough, uniform cov-
erage.  Apply the tow ram on email plants.
email worm end ligrit Infestations of insect*.
Uw intermediate raiM on larger worms and
heavier infestations of Insects. Uw l to 3 ep>
plication! ol the highest recommended reta
lor controlling severs intesieiion*. Thereerter.
use Ihe lowest rate possible lo mwfiuin cow-
l/rt.

       NOTICE TO BUYER

Wl»r wvrantt KM Otto pradua coMtonm to
the Aomiul dPteription 01* tlM M* tn«r*of
•ml It roncnmry 111 lor purpOMi nntd on
wch WMl onty wh»n uHd in momma nidi
dirwtioni undtr nomul UN oondiiiont. ThU
Mwrtnty doM not ••wnd to WM ol the prod-
uct contrary w latwl WM diractions, of undw
•bnornwl uw condition*, or undir conditiom
not rMKWMblv lortMMbtt to wM«r; bwytr *••
wnm Ml f bk of wty wen UM. Sollor m«Mt no
Othw Mrraniiw, ••prw or impliod.
                ! doM not confer My
righu gndw pjunn ol countrivi outitcM of
th* unitMl SIMM.
                                                                                                  STATEMENT OF  PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                      warm water.  Repeat until vomttut 11 clear   Call a physician in

                                                    F IN EVES •  Flmh eve* with plenty ot water tor at least 15 mini
                                                      physician immediately.
                                                    F ON SKIN • In casa Of contact, remove contaminated clothing and ii
                                                      wash skin with soap and water.

                                                                 SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                   PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                      MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                   PEST TOWN. VERMONT
                                                             ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                             EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43
                                                                                                                                                         LAST AmiCATION OAVI
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        CO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        C/3
                                                                                                                             m
                                                                                                                             z
                                                                                                                             H
                                                                                                                             CO
                                                                                                                             I
                                                                                                                             m
                                                                                                                             m

-------
                         ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2

3.     Your  hired man is  treating a grain  silo.  You come by to check on him and
      he talks strangely and seems confused by your questions.  He tells you. that  he
      wants to take a nap before finishing the job.

      a.   What type of poisoning  do you  think he  probably  received?
      b.   What do you do?
4.    You have been spraying  with  phosphamidon and  phorate for the past couple
      of weeks. Today, however, you were just working in a field which you recently
      sprayed.  Now  you have a headache and  seem very dizzy. You are sweating,
      having severe stomach cramps,  and beginning to vomit. You feel weak all over.
           What type of poisoning  do you  think you  have?
      b.   What should you  do?
                                   219

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                   PERSONAL SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                  UNIT  VI
                  ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
1.    a.   Dermal and inhalation

      b.   Get her and  you out of the area fast. Send your friend to call a doctor
           and/or ambulance. Meanwhile, get your sister to fresh air and take off her
           spray  clothes and equipment. Wrap  her in a blanket.  If any chemical has
           soaked through to the skin, get her into a shower, pond, or other water
           source and  wash the chemical off with detergent and water. Ask your friend
           to try to  find  the container and label of the pesticide being used. Keep
           her quiet  until  help  arrives or wrap  her in a  blanket and  take  her and
           the pesticide label to the hospital.

2.    a.   Oral

      b.   Get him and you out of the area fast. Take the container and label with
           you.  The  label  says  to  induce vomiting  by giving a  teaspoon of salt in
           a glass of warm water.  Keep  giving your brother this  until the  vomitus
           is clear. Keep him on his  knees leaning forward the whole time. Then get
           a large glass of  cream or milk and try to get it  down him. Call the doctor
           or ambulance. If any  of the pesticide remains on  his hands, mouth, clothing,
           or body, wash it off with detergent and water. Wrap him in a warm blanket
           and take him to  the hospital or wait for  the  ambulance.

3.    a.   Acute fumigant

      b.   Yell for help and have  somebody  nearby call  the doctor. Put on an air
           supplied respirator before going in  after him.  Get you and your buddy
           to fresh  air  immediately.  If you  have  oxygen  available  (air  supplied
           respirator), give him  some.  Make sure he is breathing. Remove all of his
           clothing and  if  necessary  wash him with detergent and water. Wrap him
           in a warm  blanket. Have someone get  the pesticide and label that he was
           using.  Wait for ambulance or get victim and pesticide  label to the hospital.

4.    a.   Chronic organophosphate

      b.   Have someone drive you to the hospital  or call an ambulance. Take along
           the labels which  you have been using recently. Ask  them to  check  your
           blood  cholinesterase  level.
                                     221

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                   PERSONAL  SAFETY AND  FIRST AID
                                  UNIT  VI
                                    TEST
1.     Match  the terms on the  right to  the correct definitions on the left by placing
      the appropriate  numbers  in  the  blanks provided.

      	a. Treatment given by a medically trained
               person to reduce the effects of pesticide
               poisoning

      	b. Through the mouth
            c. Matter which is vomited
           _d. To take a pesticide or other material into
               a  plant,  animal, or  the  soil

           _e. How poisonous a pesticide is to a  living
               organism

           _f. Deadly

           _g. Severe reaction of  the human body to
               a  serious injury;  can result in death if
               not treated

           _h. Poisoning  which  occurs after a single
               exposure to a pesticide

           j.  Dose  or amount of a  pesticide which
               would kill half of a large number of test
               animals  if eaten or absorbed through the
               skin

               Poisoning which  occurs  as a result of
               repeated exposures to pesticides over a
               period of time

           _k. Concentration of a  pesticide  in the air
               which would kill half of  a large  number
               of test  animals exposed  to it

           J.  To touch or be touched by

           _m. How poisonous a pesticide is to man or
               animal when breathed  in  through the
               lungs

           _n. How poisonous a pesticide is to man or
               animal when in  contact  with the skin

           _o. Risk of  danger; chance  that  injury or
               harm  will come to the applicator, other
               persons,  plants, or  animals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Inhalation
Inhalation
toxicity
LC50
LD50
Lethal
Oral
Vomitus
Shock
Signs and
symptoms
Toxicity
Antidote
Dilute
Absorb
Dermal
toxicity
Acute
poisoning
Contact
Chronic
poisoning
First aid
Hazard
                                     223

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             p.  To take  air into the lungs;  to  breathe
                in

             q.  To make a pesticide thinner or weaker
                by adding water, oil, or other material;
                to  water down

             r.  First effort to help a victim of poisoning
                while medical help is  on the way

            _s.  Warning  that  something is wrong
2.     Distinguish between  acute and chronic poisoning by  placing an "X" in front
       of  the  statement representing chronic poisoning.

       	a.  Poisoning which occurs  after a single  exposure to a pesticide
      	b.  Poisoning which occurs as a result of repeated exposures to pesticides
                over a period of time

3.     Discuss in a  short  paragraph  the  basis for signal words.
       Match signal words on the right to the categories of toxicity on the left. Answers
       may be used more than once in a blank.

       	a.  Moderately toxic
                                                           1.     Danger (Skull
       	b.  Slightly toxic                                    and Crossbones,
                                                                 Poison)
             c.  Highly toxic                                          .
                                                           2.     Warning
             d.  Relatively  nontoxic                         0
                                                           o.
Caution
5.     Name three common families of  pesticides  and one example of each family.

       a.

       b.

       c.

6.     Name the reasons for distinguishing  between  the  families of pesticides.

       a.

       b.

       c.
                                       224

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 7.     Name  three ways pesticides  enter the  body.
       a.
       b.
       c.
 8.     Name  the  most important routes of entry for pesticides.
       a.   Applicator-
       b.   Small  children-
 9.     Discuss in  a short  paragraph  the cholinesterase test.
10.    Name  the  causes of most pesticide poisoning.
       a.
       b.
11.    Match  the degrees of poisoning on the right to the signs and symptoms of nerve
       poisoning on  the left. Answers may be used  more than  once in  a blank.
       	a.  Headache                                  1.     Mild
       	b.  Muscle twitches                            2.     Moderate
             _c.  Unable to walk                            3.     Severe
              d.  Fever
              e.  Blurred vision
             _f.  Constriction of pupil  of the eye
              g.  Chest  discomfort
             _h.  Nausea and  vomiting
             _i.  Intense heat
             J.  Stomach  cramps and  diarrhea
              k.  Secretion from mouth and  nose
              I.   Unconsciousness
                                       225

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12.    Select from the  list  below signs and  symptoms of fumigant poisoning. Place
       an  "X"  in the appropriate blanks.
       	a.  Confusion
       	b.  Vomiting
       	c.  Sweating
       	d.  Poor coordination
       	e.  Sleepiness
       	f.  Slurring words
             _g.  Wants to fight
              h.  Person  appears drunk
13.     Name  the basic first aid rules for the following types  of  poisoning.
        a.   Poison on  skin

        b.   Chemical burn

        c.   Poison in eye

        d.   Inhaled poison

14.     Select  from the list below the  most important  first aid measure in  case of
        poisoning.
        	a.  Antidote
        	b.  Remove or dilute the  pesticide  with  water
              c.  Detergent
              d.  Commercial  chemicals
15.     Distinguish  between when to induce vomiting and when not to induce vomiting
        by answering the following  statements  "Yes"  or "No."
        	a.  Victim swallowed  an  emulsifiable  concentrate or oil  solution
        	b.  Label tells you  to
              c.  Victim swallowed a  corrosive  poison
              d.  Trained medical person instructs you to
                                       226

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16.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph the procedure for inducing vomiting.
17.     Name the symptoms  of shock.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

18.     Name the steps to follow in  case of  pesticide  poisoning.

       a.

       b.

       c.

19.     Name the local hospital or poison control center that serves your area and that
       can provide emergency  treatment for  pesticide  poisoning.
                                      227

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20.     Match  the pesticide first aid kit items on the right to their uses on  the  left.
        Place  the correct  numbers  in  the blanks.
              a.   Used as a drinking glass or for collecting
                  vomitus
             _b.   Used to  wash  pesticides quickly off the
                  skin
              c.   Used for emergency phone calls
              d. Used to induce  vomiting and to  aid a
                 person  in  shock
              e. Used for covering a victim
              f. Used for wrapping cuts and scrapes and
                 for protecting burns
             _g. Used for diluting the  salt
              h. Used for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
1.   Bag of activated
     charcoal
2.   Plastic  bottle of
     detergent
3.   Clean empty jar
4.   Shaped plastic
     airway
5.   Plastic  container
     of salt
6.   Coins
7.   Plastic  bottle of
     clean water
8.   Band-aids, bandages,
     and tape
9.   Blanket
        	i.  When  mixed with water  and swallowed
                 acts as an  absorber  of all pesticides
21.     Distinguish between  safe and  unsafe  pesticide practices by surveying a farm.
        (NOTE:  If the above activity has not been  accomplished prior to the test, ask
        your instructor  when it  should  be completed.)
22.     Interpret the following De Pesto label correctly by answering the questions below
        taken from the label.
        a.    What  would  you do if a friend accidentally swallowed  this pesticide?
        b.    By  what routes of entry will this  pesticide  poison  humans?
        c.    What is the antidote which a physician would use for this type of poisoning?
                                         228

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ro
rO
CD
                                                            PRECAUTIONARY
                                                               STATEMENTS
                                                          HAZARDS TO HUMANS
                                                                (DANGER)
                                                      Poisoni
       t by wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breatho *pray m!«t. Do not get in
eyes. Avoid contact with (kin. UM only
whan wearing  the following protective
equipment and clothing. Weir tightly.
wovan cotton overalls, waterproof  hat.
unlined neoprene gloves and boots. Wear
Mtaty googiat and/or face shield. Wear a
mask or  retpirator jointly approved by
the  Mining  E nforeement and  Safety
Adminiitration and  bv  the  National
Institute  for Occupational Safety  and
Health.  Before removing glovai. wash
them with detergent and water. Always
wath hands,  face and arm* with deter-

or  drinking.  For  emergency  assistance,
call 000 OOO 0000.
TO PHYSICIAN:  De Petto it a reversible
cholinastarese  inhibitor.   Do  not   use
Oximet tueh  at 2-PAM. Give Atropine 2
mg.  intravenously of  subcutaneously. I'
in eye. inttill one drop Of Homatropine.
Clote supervision  of the  patient i*  indi-
cated for  at lean 48 houri.

 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This  pesticide  ii  toxic to wildlife and
(ith.  Ute  with care  whan applying in
area* frequented bv wildlife or adiacent
to any body  of water. Keep out of take*,
ttreamt or ponds. Oo not apply where


from target  ara».  Do not contaminate

petal of waste*.


   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

           HAZARDS
                                                           DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                      ii it a violation ol Fadafal law 10 UM ihi'

                                                      labeling.
                                                          RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                             (IF APPLICABLE!
                                                      Do not cnttr within 48 noun altar iftai
                                                      application.
                                                       CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                             (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                         STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                      STORAGE —Do not contaminate water.
                                                      lood. or  feed by storage or diipotal.
                                                      Open dumping ii prohibited. DISPOS-
                                                      AL— Pesticide, spray  mixture, or rinsate
                                                      that cannot be uted or chemically repro-
                                                      cessed should be di IPO ted of in a landfill
                                                      approved  for petticides or buried in a
                                                      tale place away from  water supplies.
                                                      Containers ihould be triple rinsed and
                                                      offered for recycling, reconditioning, or
                                                      disposed in approved  landfill or buried irt
                                                      a ufa place.
                                                      Coniult Federal, State or local Disposal
                                                      authoritiet for approved alternate proce-
                                                      dure*.
 RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE
     FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
   CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                   DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                                         PESTO^
                                                                                                                                   INSECTICIDE
                                                                                                                         EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

                                                                                                             ACTIVE INGREDIENT: pestoff-tri-salicylic acid   45.0%
                                                                                                             INERT INGREDIENTS:                             55.0%
                                                                                                             TOTAL:                                             100.0%
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                                                                                           KEEP OUT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                                     DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT

                                                      IF SWALLOWED -  Induce vomiting by giving a tobletpoonful o< talt in a glast of
                                                        warm water. Repeat until vomitu* ii clear. Call a phytician immediately.
                                                      IF INHALED - Remove to freth air. Call a physician Immediately.
                                                      IF IN EYES - Flush eye* with plenty of water for at lead 15 minute*. Call a
                                                        phytician immediately.
                                                      IF ON SKIN • In cate of contact, remove contaminated clothing and immediately
                                                        wath skin with detergent and water.

                                                                    SEE  SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                      PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                      MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                         CHEMTON, NEVADA

                                                                       EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-1
                                                                  EPA REGISTRATION NO.  1357-42
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED


mum gallonaga requirement it 10 gallons of
finished (pray per acre with ground equip-
ment, 2 gallons par acre with aircraft,

ALFALFA:  Air  and Ground Application-
Alfalfa Weevil Larvae, Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae, Pea Aphid, and in New York ttate for
Snout  Beetle  control. Apply the amount of
De Petto indicated In the chart, when feeding
it noticed or when  intectt  appear. Alfalfa
Weevil Adult — Apply  1-2 pintt per acre when
iniecti appear. Lygut Bugs-Apply 2 pintt per
acre prior to  bloom. Obterve the indicated
number of dayt after application before cut-
ting or grazing. Do not apply more than once
per  teaton. Apply only to field planted to
pure t rand i of Alfalfa.
                                                                                     De Petto
                                                                                     Per Acre
                                                                                                          Oo Not Cut
      V>                    7 dayt
      1                    1 4 day*
      2                    28 dayt

CORN. FIELD:  Ground Application-Corn
Rootwormt-Ute  1 Vi pintt of Oe Petto  per
13,OOO linear feat (1 acre with 40 inch spac-
ing). Apply,  at planting, at a 7 inch band over
the row or inject  on each tide of  the row by
mixing with  wator or liquid fertilizers. When
De Petto it uted with liquid fertilizers, mix in

ture it physically compatible. Premi*  1 part
of Oe Petto  with  2  parti  of water. Add  thit
premi* to the tank of fertilizer  along with
rintings from the premixing container. Main-
tain agitation in  the tank after mixing  and
during application. Do not mix until ready to
ute.

SUGARCANE: Sugarcane Borer-Apply 1-1K
pints De Peito per acre uting ground or aerial
equipment.  Chech  sugarcane fietdt weekly,

through August.  Make first application only
after  vitible  joints form  and SH or more of
the plants are infested with young larvae feed-
ing in  or under the leaf sheath and which have
not bored into the stalks. Repeat whenever
field  check t indicate the  infestation exceeds
5%. Do not  apply within  17 days of harvest.
Do not use in Hawaii.

ORANGES.  LEMONS, GRAPEFRUIT,  and
                                                                                  and Ground application—Citrus thript—Apply
                                                                                  De Puto at K to 1 tb. per acre. Use sufficient
                                                                                  water to obtain thorough coverage (5 to 15
                                                                                  gait/acre by air). Use the higher rate on severe
                                                                                  infestations of thript. Apply  in  the early
                                                                                  spring before bloom when the new growth is
                                                                                  about 3 to 4 inches long. Make additional ap-
                                                                                  plications as needed until the new fruit it wal-
                                                                                  nut size. Application at petal fall may be criti-
                                                                                  cal  to prevent fruit tearrIng. Applications

                                                                                  young treat are also recommended.

                                                                                  Do not apply within 3 daytof harvest. Do not

                                                                                  aMer treatment.

                                                                                  POTATO:  Tuberworm,   cabbage   looper.
                                                                                  aphidt. and in areat  east of the Mltsinlppi
                                                                                  River,  leafnoppart end flea beetle*. Apply
                                                                                  De Petto at indicated  rates when fialrj checks
                                                                                  indicate the  insect infestation is above SK.
                                                                                  Tuberworm, cabbage looper and aphid-apply
                                                                                  K  to 1  Ib.  per acre. Leaf hop per and flea
                                                                                  beetles-apply H Ib par acre. Do not apply
                                                                                  within 14 days of narvett.
                                                                                                                            NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON

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                   PERSONAL SAFETY AND FIRST AID
                                  UNIT VI
                            ANSWERS TO  TEST


1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
11
6
7
13
10
5
8
h. 15
i. 4
j- 17
k. 3
I. 16
m. 2
n. 14
o.
P-
q-
r.
s.


19
1
12
18
9


2.    b

3.    Discussion  should  include:

      a.    Acute oral  toxicity  of  pesticide

      b.    Acute dermal toxicity  of pesticide

      c.    Acute inhalation toxicity of pesticide

4.    a.    2

      b.    3

      c.    1

      d.    3

5.    a.    Organophosphates or organophosphorous-Example should be any one of
           the  following:

           parathion, TEPP, Phosdrin, phorate (Thimet), demeton (Systox), Di-Syston,
           Guthion, phosphamidon, Monitor, malathion

      b.    Carbamates--Example should  be any one  of the  following:

           aldicarb  (Temik), carbofuran  (Furadan),  carbaryl  (Sevin),  formetanate
           hydrochloride (Carzol),  methomyl (Lannate)

      c.    Chlorinated hydrocarbons or  organochlorines-Example should be any one
           of the following:

           endrin, lindane, methoxychlor, endosulfan (Thiodan), dicofol  (Kelthane)
                                    231

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 6.     a.   Pesticides within  a  family  cause the same  kind  of poisoning
       b.   Pesticides within a family are sometimes similar in the hazards they cause
       c.   First  aid  and antidote for poisoning are the same within  a  family
 7.     a.   Oral
       b.   Dermal
       c.   Inhalation
 8.     a.   Dermal and  inhalation
       b.   Oral and  dermal
 9.     Discussion  should include:
       a.   Chemical  cholinesterase is necessary for nervous system to function properly
       b.   Carbamate and  organophosphate pesticides  attack cholinesterase in  blood
            and make it useless
       c.   A simple  blood test is used to determine cholinesterase  level and measure
            pesticide  exposure
10.     a.   Careless practices
       b.   Ignorance
11.     a.   1             g.    2
       b.   2,  3          h.    1
       c.   2            i.    3
       d.   3            j.    1
       e.   1             k.    3
       f.   2,  3          I.    3
12.     a, d,  e, f,  h
13.     a.   Poison on skin
            1)   Act  quickly
            2)   Remove contaminated clothing and drench  skin  with water
            3)   Cleanse  skin and hair thoroughly with detergent  and water
            4)   Dry  victim and  wrap in blanket
                                         232

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        b.   Chemical  burn

            1)   Wash  with  large quantities  of  running water

            2)   Remove  contaminated clothing

            3)   Cover burned  area  immediately with  loose,  clean, soft cloth

        c.   Poison in eye

            1)   Wash  eye quickly  but gently

            2)   Hold eyelid open and wash  with gentle stream of clean running water

            3)   Wash  for 15 minutes or  more

        d.   Inhaled poison

            1)   Carry victim to fresh air immediately

            2)   Get victim to a doctor

            3)   Open  all doors and windows so no  one else  will be  poisoned

            4)   Loosen  tight clothing

            5)   Apply artificial respiration  if breathing has  stopped or is  irregular

            6)   Keep  victim as quiet as possible

            7)   Prevent  chilling

14.     b

15.     a.   No

        b.   Yes

        c.   No

        d.   Yes

16.     Discussion should  include:

        a.   Position  victim  face down or  kneeling  forward

        b.   Give victim large amounts of  milk or water

        c.   Put finger or the blunt end of a spoon at the back of victim's throat or have
            victim  drink  a glass of  very salty water

        d.   Collect some of the vomitus for doctor if you do not know what the poison
            is
                                       233

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17.      a.    Skin pale, moist, cold, and clammy



         b.    Eyes vacant  with dilated  pupils




         c.    Breathing shallow and  irregular



         d.    Pulse weak,  rapid, and  irregular



 18.     a.    Call  doctor or take  victim to the  doctor or hospital



         b.    Check  to see if  patient is breathing



         c.    Locate  pesticide  label and have available  for doctor
19.
20.





21.
22.
Evaluated to the satisfaction
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3 g. 7
2 h. 4
6 i. 1
5
9
8
Evaluated to the satisfaction
a.
Induce vomiting by givir
of the instructor






of the instructor
ig a tablespoon of
              Repeat  until vomitus is  clear.  Call a  physician  immediately.




         b.   Oral and  inhalation, probably  dermal  also  (avoid  contact  with skin)



         c.   atropine
                                          234

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          SAFETY  BEFORE,  DURING, AND FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                      UNIT VII


                              TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE


After completion  of this  unit, the student should  be  able  to  discuss safety  steps for
transporting pesticides.  The student should be able to name  safety rules before, during,
and  following pesticide application. The student should be able to discuss the  types of
clothing and equipment needed for pesticide applications and be able to interpret  pesticide
labels. This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring one-hundred
percent on the  unit test.


                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of this unit, the student  should be able to:

        1.     Match terms associated with safety  in pesticide application to the correct
              definitions.

        2.     Name factors to consider before  applying pesticides.

        3.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph  safety  steps for  transporting pesticides.

        4.     Name factors that  determine types of protective clothing and protective
              equipment needed.

        5.     Name safety precautions  used  while mixing  and handling concentrated
              pesticides.

        6.     Discuss in a short paragraph reasons for not applying pesticides on a windy
              day.

        7.     Name ways to  prevent exposure  during  application.

        8.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph  what  is meant by sensitive areas.

        9.     Select from a list  ways to avoid spills,  drifts, and runoff.

       10.     Discuss  in a short  paragraph steps for equipment safety and maintenance.

       11.     Select from a list  the ideal times of day to  apply  pesticides.

       12.     Name factors to consider following  application.

       13.     Name safety rules  to  follow  in cleaning  up after application.

       14.     Discuss  in short  paragraphs the types of protective clothing and equipment
              needed for  pesticide applications.

       15.     Match types of  respirators to their  uses.

       16.     Name safety rules  for using the  respirator  correctly.

       17.     Interpret labels  correctly by  answering questions pertaining to  safety.
                                         235

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     SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                UNIT VII
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide  student with  objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide  student with  information  and assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss  terminal and  specific objectives.

    E.   Discuss  information and  assignment  sheets.

    F.   Check local dealers to determine which ones sell proper protective clothing
         and equipment.

    G.   Assemble the different types of respirators  and  demonstrate proper use,
         clean-up, and storage of  each.

    H.   Assemble  the basic types of  protective  clothing and equipment. Give
         students a sample label, target pest, and application site  and ask them to
         put on  the necessary clothing and equipment  for the job. Allow  class to
         critique  both over and under protection for the job.

    I.    Assign several groups of  students a pesticide job, including pest,  crop or
         animal,  pesticide,  etc.  Using the proper label,  ask them to describe what
         to  wear, how to mix, what day and  time to apply, equipment safety, and
         clean  up procedure.

    J.    Give test.
                                                          X
II.  Student:

    A.   Read  objective  sheet.

    B.   Study information sheet.

    C.   Complete assignment  sheets.

    D.   Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information sheet
                                   237

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 III.   Transparency masters




      A.  TM  1--Securing Containers




      B.  TM  2--Proper Mixing




      C.  TM  3--Proper Clothing For Mixing




      D.  TM  4-Protective Clothing and Equipment




      E.  TM  5--Types  of  Respirators




 IV.   Assignment sheets




      A.  Assignment Sheet #1 --Interpret De  Metho  Label




      B.  Assignment Sheet #2-lnterpret No-Disease  Label




      C.  Assignment Sheet #3--lnterpret Anti-Weed  Label




 V.   Answers  to  assignment sheets




 VI.   Test




VII.   Answers  to  test
                                      238

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    SAFETY  BEFORE,  DURING,  AND  FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                               UNIT VII
                        INFORMATION SHEET
I.  Terms and  definitions

   A.   Application-Process  of directing or  placing pesticides on  or in plants,
        animals,  buildings, soil, air, water,  or other site

   B.   Cartridge-Cylinder-shaped part of the respirator which absorbs fumes and
        vapors from the  air

   C.   Cannister-Metal or plastic container filled with absorbent materials to filter
        fumes  and vapprs from  the air

   D.   Dose, dosage-Portion or  amount of pesticide mixture which is directed at
        the target

   E.   Downwind-Direction  toward which the  prevailing wind is blowing

   F.   Drift-Movement  by  wind  and  air currents of droplets or particles of a
        pesticide

   G.   Environment-Surroundings,  usually water,  air,  soil,  plants, and animals

   H.   Vaporize-To  form a  gas  and disappear  into the air

   I.   Exposure-Not protected or shielded; contact with pesticides through mouth,
        lungs,  or  skin

   J.   Face shield-Piece of  protective equipment used by  a pesticide applicator
        to protect face from exposure

   K.   Fume-Unpleasant or  irritating smoke, vapor,  or gas

   L.   Neoprene-A kind of synthetic  rubber

   M.   Pollute-To make unclean or unsafe

   N.   Reentry  interval-Period of time  between a pesticide  application and  when
        persons  may  reenter  an area  without  wearing protective clothing and
        equipment

   0.   Respirator-Face mask which filters out  poisonous gases and  particles

        (NOTE:  A respirator  is used to protect the nose,  mouth, and lungs  from
        pesticide injury.)

   P.   Target-Pest to be treated  with  a  pesticide
                                   239

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                          INFORMATION SHEET


 II.   Factors to consider before applying  pesticides

     A.   Transportation

          (CAUTION:  Use safest  way  of getting the pesticide  to  the place of
          application.)

     B.   Climatic conditions

          (NOTE: Check for possible wind or rain before applying and listen to the
          weather forecast.)

     C.   Protective  clothing and equipment

          (NOTE: Use what is needed for the job. Remember that safety comes first.)

     D.   Mixing and  filling

          (CAUTION: Protect  yourself and the  environment.)

     E.   Reading label

          (NOTE: This is a must. Always read the label for  correct dosages, hazards,
          precautions, and the types of protective clothing  and equipment that will
          be needed  for  the job.)

     F.   Equipment

          (NOTE: Ask yourself if you  have the  correct equipment for the job and
          if the equipment is  in proper  working condition.)

III.   Safety steps  for  transporting  pesticides  (Transparency  1)

     A.   Never carry pesticides inside car or truck cab

     B.   Secure containers to  keep from  shifting, rolling,  or bouncing

     C.   Never transport livestock  feed, seeds,  or groceries in the same  load with
          pesticides

     D.   Never allow children  to  ride on  or near pesticides

          (CAUTION: Carelessness  in moving pesticide poisons can result  in broken
          containers,  spills, contamination,  and  injury to  people and animals.)
                                     240

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET
IV.   Factors  that  determine  types  of protective clothing  and protective equipment
     needed

     A.   Always wear at least closely woven fabric coveralls (or long sleeved shirt
          and long legged trousers), socks and waterproof shoes (or boots), a hat,
          and gloves.

     B.   READ THE LABEL!

          (NOTE:   The  label will   state the  additional   protective clothing  and
          equipment  necessary for  the  pesticide being  used.)

     C.   Toxicity of pesticide

          (NOTE:  Check the signal words on  the  label.)

     D.   Formulation

          (NOTE:  Some formulations are more  hazardous to the applicator than
          others.)

     E.   Application equipment

          (NOTE:  If you will be drenched with spray or inhaling dust, spray or fumes
          take  more  precautions.)

     F.   Degree of exposure

          (NOTE:  Take more precautions if you will  be working with pesticides for
          a long period of time.)

 V.   Safety  precautions  used while  mixing  and  handling concentrated  pesticides
     (Transparencies 2 and 3)

     A.   Use neoprene or  natural  rubber gloves  and  boots, closely woven fabric
          coveralls, rubber  apron, goggles, hat, and a respirator if needed

          (NOTE:  When  mixing  concentrated highly  toxic pesticides all protective
          clothing  and equipment must  be worn,  including  a respirator.)

     B.   Mix only what will be used

     C.   Mix according  to  the  label

     D.   Do not  combine pesticides

          (NOTE:  Combining pesticides  is sometimes approved.  However, the label
          or  a  local expert  must verify  this.)
                                    241

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                           INFORMATION SHEET


      E.   Avoid splashes, spills,  and drift when opening containers

      F.   Change clothes immediately in case of a splash  or  spill

      G.   Stand with head  above fill  hole  of spray tank

           (NOTE:  Splashing  pesticides  in  your face and  eyes can  be  extremely
           dangerous.  You must  keep  your  head and  face  well above the fill  hole.
           Do  not  stand downwind  when pouring or  mixing.)

 VI.   Reasons  for not applying  pesticides on  a windy day

      A.   Drift and vaporization

      B.   Injury to  wildlife, plants, pollinators,  and domestic animals

      C.   Contamination of surface water, such as ponds, streams, rivers, and  lakes

      D.   Increase in inhalation  and contact  hazard to  the applicator

           (NOTE: The  applicator is legally  responsible for any injury or money loss
           on crops due to pesticide drift onto nontarget areas.  Don t  take a chance
           by spraying when it  is windy.)

VII.   Ways to  prevent exposure  during application

      A.   Wear protective clothing and  equipment

      B.   Do  not  wipe hands on clothing

           (NOTE: Carry a  special towel for  wiping hands.)

           (CAUTION: Do not wipe gloves on your  clothing, especially if chemicals
           are on the gloves. Your clothing can become contaminated and the chemicals
           may soak through  to  your skin.)

      C.   Never blow out clogged hoses, nozzles, or  lines with your mouth

      D.   Never eat,  drink, or smoke when  handling pesticides

      E.   Work in pairs when handling hazardous pesticides or  at least let someone
           know where  you will  be working

      F.   Keep persons, livestock, and pets out of spray area

           (NOTE: When working with pesticides day after day, even moderately  toxic
           chemicals  can  poison you.  Wear protective  equipment,  especially  a
           respirator.)

           (CAUTION: Do not let children or pets play around sprayers, dusters, filler
           tanks, storage areas,  or old  pesticide containers.  Use the proper  rates.
           Overdose won't kill pests twice but  may injure humans, crops, or wildlife.)
                                      242

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


VIM.   Sensitive  areas-Areas  or  locations of parks, playgrounds,  bird  and  wildlife
       sanctuaries, ponds, streams, water supplies,  barnyards, feedlots, pastures, bee
       yards, schools, homes,  hospitals, and any other areas where out-of-place pesticides
       might cause harm

  IX.   Ways to avoid spills,  drift, and  runoff

       A.  Do not apply during  high winds

       B.  Check equipment for  leaks and proper  delivery rate

       C.  Use proper  formulation  for  the job

       D.  Do not apply if  rain  is approaching unless the pesticide calls for it, like
           some  protectant  fungicides  and some herbicides

  X.   Steps for  equipment  maintenance and  safety

       A.  Check for  leaks  in pump and tank

       B.  Check for leaky hose connections and carefully  dispose of worn or cracked
           hoses

       C.  Keep  spray  tank lid  tight

       D.  Stay  with tank  during filling

       E.  Shut  down  machinery while  making repairs or adjustments

       F.  Do not blow out clogged lines with your  mouth

           (NOTE:  Your application equipment can help  you  use pesticides safely.
           However,  poor maintenance  and careless use can add  to the hazard.)

  XI.   Times of day to  apply pesticides

       A.  Early morning

       B.  Evening

           (NOTE: Wind speed is usually lowest at these times of day, and drift hazard
           is  greatly reduced. Avoiding full  daylight hours may  lower  the  contact
           danger to birds,  mammals,  and pollinators.)

       C.  Anytime on  a day which  is  calm or still and  when crops or weeds are
           not in full  bloom
                                      243

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                            INFORMATION  SHEET


 XII.   What to  do following application

       A.  Dispose of  empty  containers

       B.  Store  leftover  pesticides

       C.  Clean  up  equipment

       D.  Determine reentry  interval

           (NOTE: Reentry time on the label must be checked and workers and other
           persons must be warned.)

XIII.   Cleaning  up after application

       A.  Always take a shower  or  bath when  you finish using pesticides

       B.  Change spray clothing daily and separate spray clothing from family laundry

       C.  Launder  the spray clothing separately from all other clothing

       D.  Do not wash clothing  in  streams or ponds

           (NOTE: The pesticides on your spray clothes could harm other people who
           touch  them. Warn  the person who will be washing your spray clothes of
           possible danger.)

XIV.   Protective  clothing  and  equipment   needed  for  pesticide  applications
       (Transparency  4)

       (NOTE: Use protective clothing and equipment called for on  the  label.)

       A.  Gloves

              1.     Obtain unlined, elbow length neoprene or  natural rubber gloves

                     (NOTE: Some chemicals will dissolve rubber or make it sticky.)

              2.     Make sure  sleeves are outside  your gloves

                     (NOTE: This should be done  unless spraying overhead.)

              3.     Discard  the gloves if any  holes  appear

              4.     Wash  gloves with detergent  and water before removing

                     (CAUTION: Never use cotton or leather gloves unless specified
                     on the label. These can be more hazardous than no protection
                     at all because they  hold the pesticide close  to  your skin.)
                                       244

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                     INFORMATION SHEET


B.   Coveralls

        1.     Wear clean tightly woven  fabric coveralls that cover entire body
              or long sleeved shirt  and long legged trousers

              (NOTE:  Most applicators who  apply pesticides regularly have
              special  coveralls  kept just for  pesticide applications.)

        2.     Wear waterproof suit or apron when mixing highly toxic pesticides

        3.     Wear  waterproof  suit  when  you  may  be  drenched   during
              application

        4.     Wash clothes with detergent and  water

C.   Boots

        1.     Wear lightweight, unlined neoprene  or natural  rubber boots

              (NOTE:  Boots should cover your ankles.)

        2.     Put pant  legs outside  of  boots

              (NOTE:  This will keep pesticide  from draining into the boot.)

        3.     Wash and dry boots  inside  and out after each use

D.   Goggles and face shield

        1.     Wear tight-fitting goggles  or a face  shield when pesticide spray
              or dust could get on  your  face or  in your eyes

        2.     Wear goggles or face  shield when pouring and  mixing

        3.     Wash goggles or  face shield  after each use

        4.     Wear plastic  or rubber headband  if possible

E.   Head and neck covering

        1.     Protect  hair  and  skin  on neck  from  pesticide  spray or  dust

        2.     Wear waterproof  wide-brimmed hats or  hard  hats

              (NOTE:  In  cool  weather  a  hooded waterproof  parka and a bill
              cap are also good.)
                                245

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                             INFORMATION SHEET


 XV.   Types  of respirators  and their  uses  (Transparency 5)

       A.   Cartridge respirator

            (NOTE: This is  a half-face mask which  covers the nose and mouth only.)

               1.     Use  when  exposed  to  concentrated chemicals for short  periods

               2.     Use  when  exposed  to  low  concentration of toxic chemicals for
                     long periods of time

                     (NOTE: The main limitation of this type of respirator is the short
                     life of the absorbing  material  in the cartridge.)

       B.   Gas mask or cannister respirator-Used  when exposed to toxic fumes  in
            heavy concentrations for long periods of time

            (NOTE: This is  a respirator which covers the  entire face and protects your
            eyes as well as your nose and mouth. It has more absorbent material than
            cartridge  respirators.)

       C.   Air-supplied respirators and self-contained air-supplied respirators

            (NOTE: These are respirators which  cover the entire face. A separate air
            supply is used,  not  the air with pesticide vapors in it.)

               1.     Use  when  oxygen supply in air is low

               2.     Use  when exposed to  high  concentrations  of highly  toxic
                     pesticides  in enclosed  areas,  such  as fumigation

XVI.   Safety rules for  using respirator correctly

       A.   Make sure  it fits properly on your  face

            (NOTE: It  should be worn tightly enough to form  a seal all around your
            face. Full beards often do not allow a seal to  form properly and, therefore,
            are  dangerous on pesticide applicators.)

       B.   Check  filter often

            (NOTE: Cartridges and  cannisters  should be changed at least after  every
            eight  hours  of use.  If you notice a pesticide odor,  first check  to  be sure
            the respirator  is fitted properly on your face. If the odor remains, change
            the cartridge or  cannister  immediately.)

       C.   Wash  face  piece with detergent  and warm water
                                        246

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                     INFORMATION  SHEET
D.   Rinse thoroughly  and dry

     (NOTE:  Store  the respirator,  filters, cannisters, and cartridges in a clean,
     dry  place away from  pesticides.  A tightly  closed plastic bag works well
     for storage.)

E.   Use  only   those  respirators  approved  by  the  National  Institute  for
     Occupational Safety  and Health (NIOSH) or the  Mining  Enforcement and
     Safety Administration (MESA), both formerly U.S. Bureau of  Mines

     (NOTE:  The approved respirators will  bear a stamp with either NIOSH or
     MESA imprinted on  them.)
                               247

-------
                   Securing Containers
ro
^.
CO

-------
ro
CJl
                                  Proper Mixing
                                                            H

                                                            ^

                                                            N)

-------
Ul
CO
                               Proper Clothing
                                       for Mixing

-------
NJ
Ul
Ol
               Protective Clothing and Equipment
                      Waterproof Hat
             Respirator
           Long Rubber or
           Neoprene Gloves
      Goggles
                                              Closely Woven Fabric Coveralls
Rubber or Neoprene Boots

-------
                        Types of  Respirators
N)
01
          Cartridge
                Cannister
                                           Supplied Air
Self-contained
                                                                            H
                                                                            S
                                                                            ui

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         SAFETY  BEFORE, DURING, AND  FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                    UNIT  VII
            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1~INTERPRET  DE  METHO  LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels.  Read the  label on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word is on  the  label?


   2.     What toxicity category  does it represent?


   3.     What protective  clothing would  you wear?


   4.     What protective  equipment  would you  use?


   5.     Who approved respirators for use with  De Metho?


   6.     Should you tuck the trousers into the  boots?


   7.     Should you tuck the sleeves into the gloves?


   8.     Is  drift a  problem with  this pesticide?


   9.     What would  you  wear while mixing De Metho?
                                      259

-------
10
O)
O


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poltonout by (wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe iprey mitt. Do not get In
eyei. Avoid contact witn thin. UM only
when wearing the following protective
equipment end clothing, wear tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof het,
unlined neoprene g.'ovet end boot*. Wear
Mfety goggie* end/or face ihleld. Weer a
mat* or retplrator Jointly approved by
the 'Mining enforcement and Safety
Admin ittret ion and by the National
Initiiuie for Occupational Safety ano
Health. Before removing glovei. wath
them with detergent and water. Alwayi
wa*h hendt, fece end ermt with deter-
gent and water before *mok.ng. eating
Or drinking. For amergancy a»*l*tance.
cell OOO OOO OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN. De Met ho it a revertibie
choiineiterate inhibitor. Oo not UM
oaim*t tuch at 2-f AM. Give At repine 2
mg. intrevenoutly ol tubeuianeouUy. If
in eye. initill one drop of Homatropine.
Clo*e *upervi*ion of the patient it indi*
ceied for et leati 48 hour*.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Tit* petticide i* IONIC to wildlife and
. fiih. Ute with care when applying in
area* frequented by wildlife or ediacent
tafetwm or pond*. Oo not apply whera
runoff i* likely to occur. Oo *-»ot apply
wm*n weather condition* favor drift
from target area. Oo not contaminate
water by cleaning ol equipment or die-
poael of wettet.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep eway from heet end
open flame.
V
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It i*a violation of Federal lew to uM tf.it
product in a manner incontinent with ita
labeling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
{IF APPLICABLE!
Oo not enter area within
24 hours alter application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE-Do not contaminate water,
food, or feed by itoreg* pr dtipoul.
Open dumping ii prohibited. OlS*OS-
AL-Peftlc.de, apray mUture. or rintet*
ftioi cannot bo uted or chemically rapro-
cataad ehouW b* dltpoeed of In e landfill
approved for paattcMea or bwied In e
tefe place ewav from water ttupptie*.
Container! ehowld b« triple rinead end
offered for recycling, reconditioning, «r
dUpoead In eppraved landfill or burled In
eaefe place.
Cavnewlt PedereJ, State «r local Otapoee.
etfttwjfltlee for aawawjd alternate ejroaa
atone.

Cr
•_ —
c



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO ANO APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

•H-tDE METHO^pX
r ^\ X
^
^
^
&
INSECTICIDJ^ \ \ \ VO
Emulsifiable Concentrate \ \S
ACTIVE INGREDIW«f^< METHoWl- -\ y/^4%
INERT INGSSUVfl^TS: \ '^V'' 76%
TOTAL: — ^« ' '..•' 100%
X*\ Net Content: 50 gallons
„•"' JT\) . •
OHISVRjpUCT OQNfMftlS/.S IBS Of DE METHO PER GALLON
^-^EBtoHVl^A^EGlVrWtZb TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
A<
:\ ^
}KEE*\&rt OF REACH OF CHILDI
^DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
warm mater. Repeat until vomitui it clear Call a physician imr
IF INHALED Remove to freih air. Call a phyucian immediately
IF IN EVES Flu»h evet with plenty of water tor at lean 15 minuti
phytician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
twath ikin with loap and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

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APPLICATION
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Mil rau pottuble (O mamietn con'
SIOTICE TO BUYER
mti thai thl* product conform to
a, daKription on the label thereof
onabry lit lor purpoaa. natad on
only whan uted in accordance with
under normal UM condition*. ThU
oat not ••tend to UM ol tht* prod-
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kbry forateeeble to *»llar: buyer a*.
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thit material doe* not confer eny
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ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1

-------
         SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VII
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2--INTERPRET NO-DISEASE LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained on all pesticide labels. Read  the  label on the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word  appears on  the  label?


   2.     What toxicity category  does  the  signal word represent?


   3.     What protective clothing would you wear?


   4.     What protective equipment would you wear?


   5.     Would you need to take a shower or bath after you  finish the job?
   6.     Since this has a caution label, would it be okay to smoke or eat a candy bar
         during application?
   7.     What would you wear while mixing the No-Disease?
                                       261

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                                         DIRECTIONS
                                                                                                                                                                            PECANS: Paean Scab. Brown Leafspot, Downy Spot, Poi
IO
o>
NJ
                    No-Oiseau  Benornvl Fungicide should be uied only in  accordance
                    with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                    recommendations available through local dealers,
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended lor the control ot many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use ot
 No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be pretent (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be given to  prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 onl». use 5 to 10 gats, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate for large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means: continuous  agitation is required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
 fate, Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I1 > Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during halt-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, ot spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment   or equivalent  amount  of No-Disease per  acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apotti), Powdery Mildew. Sooty Blotch. Ftyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection.  With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse effects on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are  of
 primary importance, do not use more than 4  oz.  per 100 gals.
 Postharvtst Fruit Rots (Botrytls sp.. Pentcillium sp., Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 02. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (Apptes)-Apply 8 oz. per  100 gals, after harvest but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Scterottnia). Gray Mold (Botrylii)-Apply 1>, to 2
 It*, per acre at 25% to  50%  bloom: repeat at peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS, MELONS.  SUMMER  AND
 WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew. Arrthracnos*
 -Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin lo run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14 day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS  (HAWAII): Botryti* Btossom Blight-Apply 1*4 Ibs.
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of  foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14 day inter-
 vals through the bloom  period.
 MANGOES: Arrthracnose-Appry 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications  at
 first appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long), and repeat at weekly intervals until  all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals, Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: Vertteillium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of 12'^ gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if  disease has occurred, apply  to
 beds ater picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Leafspot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21 -
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                     NO-DISEASE
                                                                                           BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                                                                                                                 Wettable Powder
                                                                                          ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                            Benomyl [Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                            2-oenzimidaiolecaTbamateJ
                                                                                          INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                          u.s. F*I. I.MI.IU • ».«'.'»    EPA Est.  1352-WV-1
                                                                      50%
                                                                      50%
                                                EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                    Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty ol water: for  eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT—Never allow No-Disease to become wet during storage. This may lead
lo certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container; crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                             NET   50  LBS.
                                                                                          8-21150  8 73A                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

                                                                                               KILL-DEAD    CHEMICALS
                                                                                                    Chemical City,  West Virginia
tt to 1 Ib. per acre: use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollinatkxt when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt  Rot (Thietavtopsli pandoxa)-U$e 1% Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES. PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to400gats. of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment  or  equivalent  amount of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayen. Do not graze livestock in treated orchard!.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot—Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use W
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full Woom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of V> Ib. per  100 gals, as indicated:  Poach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall; Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rott—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use V4 Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and Altemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytls). Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, Latf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full Woom; continue at
10 to 14-day intervals, using '1 tb. per acre. Anthracnose-Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR   BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Appty 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocyttii paradoxa>-Apply
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Co(d Dip-Use 8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew,  Black Spot);  FLOWERS,  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew. Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season: shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily, Tulip, Gladiolus, Daffodil.  Iris); Fusarium and Pwricttmn
Rots-Use 1 ^ Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs tor 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Seller warrants that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use  conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller: buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of  this  material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     C/)
m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     en
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     I
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     m
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     N)

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         SAFETY BEFORE, DURING,  AND FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VII
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3--INTERPRET ANTI-WEED LABEL


The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained  on all pesticide  labels. Read the  label on  the following page and answer
the questions below. When completed, return assignment sheet to instructor for evaluation.

   1.     What signal word  is on the label?


   2.     What toxicity category  does it represent?


   3.     What protective clothing would you wear?


   4.     What protective equipment would you wear?


   5.     Should you launder your clothing following application?
                                       263

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             ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
         Meed
HerHdde
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients:  80.0%
               Total:
          100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning

Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                 Chemical Company
                 Chemical City, West Virginia
                   264

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                                           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #3
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All  such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above. Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees,  shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                              Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches
                            Recommended  	
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate  —
                                              Anti-Weed
                                              for Band
                                              Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions tor Use	
 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail            Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail           Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
                                                                Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

                                                                Johnsongrass   Field Bindweed   Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

                                                                Apply  Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
                                                                diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
                                                                See table below for recommended rates.
                                                                Soil
                                                                                                Rate per acre of  Anti-Weed
                                                                                                      Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt ' *
15 Ibs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
                                                                *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
                                                                 Instructions Section.
                                                               ** Anti-Weed  should not be used on high organic soils such as
                                                                 peat and muck.

                                                                 Suggestions for Crop Rotations
                                                                 1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
                                                                 Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
                                                                 following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
                                                                 seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
                                                                 Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
                                                                 applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
                                                                Precautions: I) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
                                                                  ncluding dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
                                                                seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
                                                                application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
                                                                crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
                                                                soil in the lall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
                                                                spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
                                                                application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
                                                                gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
                                                                7.5.  4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
                                                                stock for 21 days following application.	
                                                                Warning
                                                                Keep out of reach of children.

                                                                Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
                                                                lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
                                                                skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
                                                                While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
                                                                or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
                                                                Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
                                                                feed and foodstuffs.

                                                                This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
                                                                streams.

                                                                Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           265

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          SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                     UNIT VII
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS


Assignment Sheet #1

   1.     Danger  (Poison, Skull  and  Crossbones)

   2.     Highly toxic

   3.     Closely  woven  fabric  coveralls

   4.     Neoprene  gloves and  boots, waterproof hat with brim, goggles or face shield,
         and approved  respirator

   5.     National Institute for Occupational Safety  and Health  (NIOSH) or the Mining
         Enforcement and Safety Administration  (MESA), both formerly U.S. Bureau of
         Mines

   6.     No

   7.     No

   8.     Yes-Do not apply  when weather  conditions favor drift from areas treated

   9.     Rubber  apron,  closely woven  fabric  coveralls,  neoprene gloves and boots,
         waterproof hat with brim,  goggles or face shield, approved  respirator


Assignment Sheet #2

   1.     Caution

   2.     Slightly  toxic  to relatively  nontoxic

   3.     Closely  woven fabric coveralls (or  work clothing),  socks, and waterproof shoes

   4.     Wide-brimmed  hat and gloves (optional goggles and boots)

   5.     Yes-Always take shower or  bath  after  applying  any pesticide

   6.     No, never!

   7.     Rubber  apron  over the coveralls,  socks, waterproof shoes, wide-brimmed  hat,
         gloves, goggles; cannister respirator is optional to  avoid  breathing the powder
         or dust
                                       267

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Assignment  Sheet #3



   1.     Warning




   2.     Moderately toxic




   3.     Closely woven fabric coveralls or work  clothing,  socks, and waterproof shoes




   4.     Neoprene  or  rubber gloves, hat,  optional  boots, goggles  or  face  shield




   5.     Launder clothing before reuse
                                         268

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       SAFETY BEFORE,  DURING, AND  FOLLOWING  APPLICATION
                                  UNIT  VII
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on the right to the correct definitions on the left by placing
      the appropriate numbers in  the blanks provided.

      	a.  Process of directing or placing pesticides
                on or in  plants, animals, buildings, soil,
                air, water, or  other site

      	b.  Metal  or  plastic  container  filled  with
                absorbent materials to filter fumes and
                vapors  from  the air

      	c.  Cylinder-shaped part  of the respirator
                which absorbs fumes  and vapors from
                the air

      	d.  Portion or amount of pesticide mixture
                which is  directed at the target

      	e.  Pest to be treated with  a  pesticide

      	f.  Direction toward  which the  prevailing
                wind  is  blowing

      	g.  Face  mask which  filters out poisonous
                gases  and particles

      	h.  Movement by  wind and air  currents  of
                droplets or particles of a pesticide

      	i.  Period  of time  between  a  pesticide
                application  and  when  persons  may
                reenter   an    area   without   wearing
                protective clothing and equipment

      	j.  To make unclean  or  unsafe

      	k.  Surroundings,  usually  water,  air,  soil,
                plants,  and animals

      	I.  A kind of synthetic rubber

      	m.  To form a gas  and  disappear into the air

      	n.  Not protected  or shielded; contact with
                pesticides through mouth, lungs, or skin

      	o.  Piece  of  protective equipment  used by
                pesticide  applicator to protect face from
                exposure

      	p.  Unpleasant or irritating smoke, vapor, or
                gas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Target
Respirator
Reentry
interval
Pollute
Cannister
Fume
Face
shield
Vaporize
Environment
Drift
Downwind
Dose,
dosage
Cartridge
Application
Neoprene
Exposure
                                     269

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2.     Name four factors to consider before applying pesticides.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
3.     Discuss  in  a  short paragraph safety  steps for transporting  pesticides.
4.     Name  factors  that  determine types  of protective clothing and  protective
       equipment  needed.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
       f.
5.     Name  three safety precautions used while mixing and handling concentrated
       pesticides.
       a.
       b.
       c.
6.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph reasons for not applying pesticides on  a windy
       day.
7.     Name three ways to prevent exposure  during  application.
       a.
       b.
       c.
                                       270

-------
 8.     Discuss in a short paragraph what  is meant by sensitive areas.



 9.     Select from the list below ways to avoid spills, drifts, and runoff. Place an "X"
       in the proper  blanks.

       	a.  Apply when time  is available

       	b.  Use proper formulation for the job

       	c.  Apply after a  rain  when  there  is standing  water

       	d.  Check equipment for leaks and proper delivery  rate

       	e.  Do not  apply  during high winds
       	f.  Do  not  apply if rain is approaching unless the  pesticide calls for it,
                 like some protectant fungicides and some herbicides

10.    Discuss in a short paragraph steps  for  equipment  maintenance and  safety.
11.    Select from the list below the ideal times of day to apply pesticides. Place an
       "X"  in the correct blanks.

       	a.  At noon when temperature is  adequate

       	b.  Evening

       	c.  Early  morning

       	d.  Afternoon when the humidity  is high
12.    Name  factors to consider following  application.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.
                                       271

-------
13.     Name safety  rules to follow  in cleaning up after application.
        a.
        b.
        c.
        d.
14.     Discuss  in  short  paragraphs the types  of  protective  clothing and equipment
        needed for pesticide applications.
        a.    Gloves

        b.    Coveralls

        c.    Boots

        d.    Goggles  and face shield
15.
16.
e.    Head  and neck  covering
Match the  types of respirators on the right to the proper uses on the left. Place
the appropriate numbers in the  blanks. Each number may be used more than
once.
                                                            1.
                                                            2.
                                                            3.
      _a.  Use  when  exposed  to  concentrated
          chemicals  for  short periods
      _b.  Use    when    exposed    to    high
          concentrations of highly toxic pesticides
          in  enclosed  areas, such  as fumigation
      _c.  Use when  exposed to low concentration
          of  toxic chemicals  for  long periods of
          time
      d.  Use when  oxygen supply in air is low
      e.  Use when exposed to  toxic fumes  in
          heavy concentrations for long periods of
          time
Name  four  safety rules for  using  the  respirator  correctly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Air-supplied
respirators
and  self-contained
air-supplied
respirators
Gas  mask or
cannister
respirator
Cartridge
respirator
                                        272

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17.    Interpret  the  following label  by answering the questions  below.

       a.   What signal  word  is on  this label?


       b.   What toxicity category  does it represent?


       c.   What protective clothing would you  wear?


       d.   What protective equipment would you use?
       e.   After you have been applying this pesticide for awhile and you decide you
            want  a  drink, what must you  do first?
                                      273

-------
fO
-J
                                                         PRECAUTIONARY
                                                           STATEMENTS

                                                      HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                            (DANGER)
                                                  Poitonou* by  (wallowing or inhalation.

                                                  eye*. Avoid contact with tkin. UM only
                                                  when wearing |h« following protective
                                                  equipment and clothing. Wear  tightly*
                                                  woven  cotton  overall*, waterproof hat,
                                                  on lined neoprene glove* and boon, W*ar
                                                  tafetv goggiet and/or face ihit'd. Wear a
                                                  math or retpirator jointly  approved by
                                                  the  Mining Enforcement  *nd  Safety

                                                  I nit i tula 'or Occupational Safety and
                                                  Haaltfi.  Before removing  glovai, waih
                                                  them with detergent and watt'. Always
                                                  wa*h handt. fact  and armt with deter-
                                                  gent and water bafora tmoking. eating
                                                  or  drinking. For emergency ai*i*lance.
                                                  call 000-000-0000.
                                                  Onime* such at 2-PAM. Giva Atropine 2

                                                  in eye. inftill ona drop of Homatropine.

                                                  cetea for at lean 48 hou'i.

                                                   ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
                                                  Th'i  peiticide if tone to wildlife and
                                                  fitri.  Uta  with care whan applying in
                                                  areat frequented by wildlife or adiacant
runoff it likaiy 10 occur. Oo not apply
whan  weather condition*  favor  drift

water by cleaning of  equipment or dit-
potal of waiter

   PHYSICAL'OR CHEMICAL
           HAZARDS

open Name.
                                                       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

                                                  labeling.
                                                      RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                                         (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                  Do not enter within 48 hours after
                                                  application.
                                                   CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                                         (IF APPLICABLE)
                                                     STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                  STORAGE-Do not contaminate water.
                                                  food, or lead  by storage or disposal.
                                                  Open dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
                                                  AL—Peiticide, tpray  mixture, or rin*ate
                                                  that cannol ba used or chemically reoro-
                                                  ce*sed thou'd ba ditpoied of in a landfill


                                                  Container* should be triple rinied  and
                                                  offered  for recycling, reconditioning, or
                                                  ditpOMd in approved  landfill or buried in
                                                  a *afe place.
                                                  Coniult Federal, State or local Diipotel
                                                  authoritiet for epproved  alternate proce-
                                                  dure*.
                                                        RESTRICTED   USE  PESTICIDE
                                                           FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                         CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                         DIRECT SUPERVISION
                            PESTO
                                                                                               ^i
                                                                             INSECTICIDE
                                                                  EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE

                                                      ACTIVE INGREDIENT:  pestoff-tri-salicylic acid   45.0%
                                                      INERT INGREDIENTS:                             55.0%
                                                      TOTAL:                                            100.0%
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS 4.0 LBS OF PESTOFF PER GALLON
                                                                                                       KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
                                                                                                                DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                                                                       If SWA
                                                                                                                                                                giatt o
                                                       warm water. Repeat until vomitut ii clear. Call a pnyticien im media I
                                                     IF INHALED - Remove to freih air. Call a phyiician immediately.
                                                     IF IN EYES - Fluth eyet with plenty of water tor ai lean  15 minute*. Call a
                                                       physician immediately.
                                                     IF ON SKIN - In ca*e of contact, remove contaminated clothing end immediately
                                                       wath fkin with detergent and water.

                                                                   SEE SIDE  PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
                                                                    PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                     MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                        CHEMTON,  NEVADA
                                                                      EPA EST. NO. 1357-NV-1
                                                                 EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-42
                                                                     NET CONTENTS ONE GALLON
                                                                                                                                             DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                                                                                  CONTINUED
METHODS OF  APPLICATION:  The  mini-
mum gaiioneoe requirement j* to gallon* of
finished spray oer acre with ground equip-
ment, 2 gallon* per acre with aircraft.

Alfalfa Weevil Larvae. Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil
Larvae, Pea Aphid, and in New Vork state for

Oe Petto indicated in the chart, when feeding
is noticed or when  iniectt  appear. Alfalfa
Weevil Adult-Apply  1-7 Pint* per acre when
iniectt appear. Lyjjui Bugs-Apply 2 pint* per
acre prior  (o bloom. Observe the indicated

ting or graiing. Do not apply more then once
per  *ea*on. Apply only to field  planted to
pure stands of AilaMa.
    Pint* of               Do Not Cut
   De Petto                or Graie
   Per Acre                 Within

      »                     7 day*
      1                    i«day*
      2                    28 day*

CORN, FIELD:  Ground  Application-Corn
Rootwormi~Use 1 '/> pint* of De Pe*to  per
13.000 linear feet (1 acre with 40 inch trac-
ing). Apply, at planting, a* a 7 inch band over


Oe Petto it used with liquid fertiliieri, mix in
the following way making ture thai the mi..
ture it phyncally compatible. Premin t part
of De Peito with 2  Parts of  water. Add thit


tain agitation in the tank after mixing and
during application. Do not mil until ready to

SUGARCANE: Sugarcane Borer-Apply 1-1 *

equipment. Check sugarcane field* weekly.

through Auguit.  Make tirtt application only
after vitible joint* form end SX or more of
the plant* are infeited with young larvae feed-
ing in or under the leaf iheath and  which have
not bored into  the ttelki. Repeat whenever
field check* indicate the infettation exceed*
5%. Oo not epply within 17 day* of harveit.
Do not uie in Hawaii.
ORANGES.  LEMONS, GRAPEFRUIT, end
TANGELOS in  Ariione and Celifomie:  Air

De Petto at Xi to 1 to. p«r acre. Ute tufficient
water to obtain thorough coverage IS  to 15
gall/acre by air). Ui« the higher rate on »evere
infeitation*  of  thript.  Apply  in the early
ipring before bloom when the new growth it
about 3 to 4 inches long. Make additional ap-
plication*  ei needed until the new  fruit it wal-
nut tiie. Application at petal fall may ba criti-
cal  to  prevent  fruit  (earring. Application*
during mid-*ummer to protect new growth on
young tree* ere alto recommended.

Do not apply within 3 dayiof harvett. Do not
graze livestock in treated orchard*  for 10 day*


POTATO:   Tuberworm,  cabbage  loo per,
aphid*, and  in area* eait of the  Minit»ippi
River, leafhopperi  and flea beetle*.  Apply
Oe Peito at indicated ratw when field check*
indicata the intact  infettation  it above  5%.
Tuberworm, cebbaoe loopar and aphid—apply
V, to  1  Ib. per acre.  Leaf hop per end  flee
beette»-apply K Ib Per acre. Do not apply
within 14 day* of hafvett.

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2
10
3
4
9
15
m.
n.
o.
P-


8
16
7
6


       SAFETY BEFORE, DURING, AND FOLLOWING APPLICATION
                                  UNIT VII


                            ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   14            g.

      b.   5             h.

      c.   13            i.

      d.   12            j.

      e.   1             k.

      f.   11            I.

2.     Any four of the following:

      a.   Transportation

      b.   Climatic conditions

      c.   Protective clothing and  equipment

      d.   Mixing and  filling

      e.   Reading label

      f.   Equipment

3.     Discussion  should include:

      a.   Never carry  pesticides  inside car or truck cab

      b.   Secure containers to keep from shifting,  rolling, or bouncing

      c.   Never transport livestock feed, seed,  or  groceries  in  the  same load with
           pesticides

      d.   Never allow children to  ride on  or near  pesticides

4.     a.   Always wear at least closely woven fabric coveralls (or long sleeved shirt
           and long  legged trousers), socks and  waterproof shoes (or  boots),  a  hat,
           and gloves

      b.   READ THE LABEL!

      c.   Toxicity  of  pesticide

      d.   Formulation

      e.   Application  equipment

      f.   Degree of exposure
                                     275

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 5.    Any  three  of  the following:
       a.   Use  neoprene  or natural  rubber gloves  and boots, closely woven fabric
            coveralls,  goggles, rubber apron,  hat, and  a respirator  if needed
       b.   Mix  only what will  be used
       c.   Mix  according to the  label
       d.   Do not combine  pesticides
       e.   Avoid  splashes, spills,  and  drift when opening containers
       f.   Change clothes immediately in case of a  splash  or spill
       g.   Stand  with head  above fill  hole of spray tank
 6.    Discussion  should  include:
       a.   Drift and vaporization
       b.   Injury  to wildlife, plants, pollinators,  and domestic animals
       c.   Contamination of surface water,  such as ponds, streams,  rivers, and lakes
       d.   Increase  in  inhalation  contact  hazard to  the applicator
 7.    Any  three  of  the following:
       a.   Wear protective clothing and  equipment
       b.   Do not wipe hands  on clothing
       c.   Never  blow  out clogged hoses,  nozzles,  or lines with  your mouth
       d.   Never  eat, drink, or smoke when handling pesticides
       e.   Work  in  pairs when  handling hazardous pesticides or at least  let someone
            know  where you will  be  working
       f.   Keep  persons, livestock, and pets out of  spray  area
 8.    Discussion  should  include:
       Areas or locations of  parks, playgrounds, bird and wildlife sanctuaries,  ponds,
       streams, water supplies, barnyards, feedlots, pastures, bee yards, schools, homes,
       hospitals, and  any  other  areas where  out-of-place pesticides might cause harm
 9.    b, d, e, f
10.    Discussion  should  include:
       a.   Check for leaks in  pump and tank
       b.   Check for leaky hose connections and carefully dispose of worn or cracked
            hoses
                                       276

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       c.   Keep  spray  tank lid  tight

       d.   Stay with tank  during  filling

       e.   Shut down  machinery while making repairs or adjustments

       f.   Do not blow out clogged lines with your mouth

11.    b, c

12.    a.   Dispose of empty containers

       b.   Store  leftover pesticides

       c.   Clean  up  equipment

       d.   Determine  reentry interval

13.    a.   Always take a shower  or bath  when  you  finish  using  pesticides

       b.   Change spray clothing daily and separate spray clothing from family laundry

       c.   Launder  spray clothing separately  from all  other clothing

       d.   Do not wash clothing  in streams or ponds

14.    Discussion  should  include:

       a.   Gloves

                1)   Obtain  unlined, elbow length  neoprene or natural rubber gloves

                2)   Make sure sleeves  are outside your  gloves

                3)   Discard the gloves if any holes  appear

                4)   Wash gloves with detergent and water before removing

       b.   Coveralls

                1)   Wear clean tightly  woven fabric coveralls that cover entire body
                     or  long sleeved shirt and long legged trousers

                2)   Wear waterproof suit or apron when mixing highly toxic pesticides

                3)   Wear  waterproof  suit  when  you  may  be  drenched  during
                     application

                4)   Wash clothes  with detergent and water

       c.   Boots

                1)   Wear lightweight, unlined neoprene  or natural rubber boots

                2)   Put pant  legs outside of boots

                3)   Wash and dry boots inside and  out after  each  use
                                      277

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        d.   Goggles  and face shield

                 1)   Wear tight-fitting goggles  or  a face shield  when pesticide spray
                      or dust could get on  your face  or  in  your eyes

                 2)   Wear goggles or face shield when pouring and  mixing

                 3)   Wash goggles or face shield after each use

                 4)   Wear plastic  or  rubber headband  if possible

        e.   Head and neck covering

                 1)   Protect  hair  and skin  on  neck from  pesticide spray or dust

                 2)   Wear waterproof wide-brimmed hats  or hard hats

15.     a.   3

        b.   1

        c.   3

        d.   1

        e.   2

16.     Any  four of the following:

        a.   Make  sure  it fits properly on your face

        b.   Check filter often

        c.   Wash face  piece with  detergent and warm  water

        d.   Rinse  thoroughly and  dry

        e.   Use  only  those  respirators  approved  by  the  National  Institute  for
            Occupational Safety  and Health  (NIOSH) or the  Mining Enforcement and
            Safety  Administration  (MESA),  both formerly U.S. Bureau  of  Mines

17.     a.   Danger  (Poison,  Skull  and Crossbones)

        b.   Highly  toxic

        c.   Closely  woven fabric coveralls

        d.   Neoprene (or natural rubber) gloves and boots, waterproof hat with  brim,
            goggles  or  face shield, and  an approved respirator

        e.   Wash  hands, face, and arms first
                                       278

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                        FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
                                     UNIT VIII


                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE


After completion of this unit, the student should be able to calculate problems determining
amounts of wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate to  use. The student should be
able to discuss advantages, disadvantages, and principal uses of various types of formulations
and interpret labels as to type of formulation and mixing procedure when given the labels.
This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring eighty-five percent
on  the  unit test.
                              SPECIFIC  OBJECTIVES


After completion of  this unit, the student should  be  able  to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with formulation and application of pesticides to
              the correct  definitions.

        2.     Match  types of  pesticide formulations to  the correct descriptions.

        3.     List  factors an applicator must consider when selecting a  formulation.

        4.     Match  methods  of  pesticide application  to the correct  descriptions.

        5.     Discuss advantages, disadvantages, and principal uses of various types of
              formulations.

        6.     Select  from a list the best  time to  mix pesticides.

        7.     List  in  the  proper  sequence the procedure for mixing wettable  powders.

        8.     List  in  the proper  sequence  the  procedure for  mixing  emulsifiable
              concentrates.

        9.     List  safety precautions to observe  when mixing and handling pesticides.

       10.     Describe the importance of drift control.

       11.     List  factors to consider  in  determining  the  application  rate.

       12.     Calculate  problems determining amounts of  wettable powder  to use.

       13.     Calculate problems determining amounts of emulsifiable concentrate to use.

       14.     Complete a chart  of liquid  and  volume measures.

       15.     Interpret labels as to type of formulation and mixing procedure when given
              the labels.
                                        279

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                   FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                UNIT  VIII
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.   Instructor:

     A.  Provide student with  objective  sheet.

     B.  Provide student with  information and  assignment sheets.

     C.  Make transparencies.

     D.  Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

     E.  Discuss information and assignment  sheets.

     F.  Provide student with  opportunity to practice mixing pesticides by  using
         flour for wettable powder and oil for an emulsifiable concentrate. Use water
         to dilute  them. DO NOT USE ACTUAL PESTICIDES.

     G.  Have student survey farms or dealers to determine which formulations are
         most often  used in the area.  Discuss why.

     H.  Give test.

 II.   Student:

     A.  Read objective sheet.

     B.  Read and study information sheet.

     C.  Complete assignment  sheets.

     D.  Take test.



                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS



 I.   Objective sheet

 II.   Information sheet

III.   Transparency masters

     A.  TM  1--Types of Formulations

     B.  TM  2-Methods  of  Application

     C.  TM  3-Methods  of  Application  (Continued)
                                   281

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 IV.   Assignment sheets

      A.  Assignment Sheet #1--Calculate Spray Materials Using Wettable Powder

      B.  Assignment  Sheet  #2~Calculate  Spray  Materials  Using   Emulsifiable
          Concentrate

      C.  Assignment Sheet #3~lnterpret  Pesticide  Labels as to Formulation and
          Mixing

  V.   Answers to assignment sheets

 VI.   Test

VII.   Answers to test
                                     282

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                   FORMULATION  AND  APPLICATION
                                UNIT  VIM
                          INFORMATION SHEET
 I.  Terms and  definitions

    A.   Formulation-Mixture of one or more active ingredients with other materials
         needed  to  make a pesticide easy to store,  handle, dilute, and apply

    B.   Target-Pest to be controlled with a pesticide

    C.   Site-Area,  building,  plant, or animal  to be treated with pesticide in order
         to protect  it  from or  reach the target pest

    D.   Compatible-Able to  be combined  with other pesticides and applied  as a
         mixture without reducing their effectiveness

    E.   Concentrate-Pesticide as it  is sold  before diluting; usually contains a large
         amount of active  ingredient

    F.   Sol vent-Liquid such as  water, kerosene, or alcohol that a pesticide or other
         substance will  dissolve  in  and form  a  solution

    G.   Solution-Mixture made by  dissolving a substance in a  liquid; mixture will
         not separate  or settle out  in normal use

II,  Types of formulations (Transparency 1)

    A.   Dust (D)-Finely ground ready-to-use dry mixture combining a small amount
         of active ingredient  with  an inert carrier such as talc, clay, or volcanic ash

    B.   Poisonous bait (B)-Food or other attractive substance mixed with an active
         ingredient  that will  attract and  be eaten by pests and cause their death

    C.   Granule  (G)-Ready-to-use  dry  mixture  of a  small  amount of  active
         ingredient  and inert  carriers with  all particles  larger  than dust particles

    D.   Low concentrate solution  (S)-Solution which contains a low concentration
         or small amount of active ingredient in a highly  refined oil or other solvent

         (NOTE: These are usually purchased as stock sprays and space sprays and
         for use in  aerosol generators.)

    E.   Emulsifiable concentrate solution (EC or E)-Solution which contains a  high
         concentration  or large amount of active ingredient which should be mixed
         with water; may contain  from one to several pounds of active ingredient
         per gallon  of  concentrate
                                    283

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


     F.   Ultra-low volume concentrate solution (ULV)--Solution which may contain
          pure active  ingredient;  usually used  without  dilution

     G.   Flowable (F)--Very finely  ground solid  material which  is suspended in a
          liquid; usually contains a  high concentration or  large amount of the active
          ingredient and  is mixed with water  when  applied

     H.   Wettable powder (WP or W)--Dry  preparation which may contain a fairly
          high concentration (15% - 95%) of active ingredient and is mixed with water
          to form  a  suspension when applied

     I.    Soluble  powder  (SP)--Dry  preparation  which contains  a  fairly  high
          concentration (15% - 95%) of active ingredient  that dissolves in water to
          form  a solution  for  application

     J.    Fumigant-Active ingredient in the form of a  gas or liquid which becomes
          a gas when applied  and reaches the target as  a gas

III.  Factors to  consider  in selecting a formulation

     A.   Effectiveness against  the pest

     B.   Cost of the  application

     C.   Plant,  animal, or surface  to be protected

     D.   Possible injury  to the  protected surface

          Example:      Phytotoxicity

     E.   Application equipment which is available

     F.   Danger of  drift or runoff

     G.   Hazard to  the  applicator,  other persons, plants, and animals

IV.  Methods of application  and their descriptions (Transparencies 2 and  3)

     A.   Band-Application to  a strip or band over or along each crop  row

     B.   Broadcast-Uniform application  to an entire specified area

     C.   Dip-Complete  or partial   immersion of  a  plant, animal, or object in a
          pesticide

     D.   Directed-Aiming the  pesticide at a portion  of a  plant, animal, or structure

     E.   Drench-Saturation of the soil with a pesticide or oral  treatment of an animal

     F.   Foliar-Application to the  leaves of  a  plant,  shrub, or  tree
                                     284

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                         INFORMATION  SHEET
    G.   In-furrow-Application to  or  in  a  furrow in which a  crop  is planted

    H.   Over-the-top-Application over the top  of  the  growing plant

    I.    Pour-on--Pouring the pesticide along  the midline of the backs of livestock

    J.    Si dedress-Application along the side of a crop row

    K.   Soil  incorporation-Application  to the  soil followed  by  use  of tillage
         implements  to  mix the pesticide  with  the  soil

    L.   Spot treatment-Application to a  small area

V.  Advantages, disadvantages, and  principal  uses of formulations
Formulation
A. Dust
B. Poisonous bait
C. Granule
D. Low concentrate
solution
E. Emulsifiable
concentrate
F. Ultra-low volume
concentrate
solution
G. Flowable
H. Wettable
powder
1. Soluble powder
J. Fumigant
Advantages
Ready to use; requires no
mixing; easy to apply
Ready to use; easy to
apply; controls pests that
move in and out of the
site
Ready to use; easy to
apply; can be applied to
target under dense foliage
Ready to use; requires no
mixing
High concentration;
relatively inexpensive;
suitable for low pressure
equipment with limited
agitation
Ready to use
Can be mixed with water;
reduces nozzle clogging
Relatively inexpensive;
safer than emulsifiable
concentrate to use on
tender foliage; easy to
measure
Easy to mix and measure;
no agitation required
Toxic to wide range of
pests; will penetrate
cracks and crevices and
grain
Disadvantages
Drift hazard; expensive
Hazardous to children;
pest may prefer crop or
food to bait; killed pests
may cause odor problem
Limited foliage use;
expensive
Fairly expensive;
specialized uses as sprays
or aerosols; drift hazard
as acrosc!
Easy to overdose; may be
hazardous to applicator;
phytotoxicity
Phytotoxicity hazard;
danger of overdosing;
limited uses
Requires agitation
May be hazardous to
applicator; requires
mechanical agitation;
difficult to mix; may
clog nozzles
May be hazardous to
user; not a common
formulation
Area must be sealed ;
requires special protective
equipment; dangerous
Principal Uses
Spot treatment;
livestock and poultry;
limited foliage use
Inside buildings; fruits
and vegetables; field
crops
Soil treatment
In barns, poultry houses,
buildings, greenhouses;
small areas; on livestock
and poultry
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals; field
crops
Fruits and vegetables;
field crops
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals; field
crops
Fruits and vegetables;
farm animals; field
crops
Field crops; fruits and
vegetables; farm animals
Inside buildings;
greenhouses; farm-stored
grain; soil
                                    285

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


  VI.   Best time to mix pesticides--!mmediately before using

 VII.   Procedure for mixing wettable powders

       A.   Fill  tank one-half  full with  water

       B.   Start agitator

            (NOTE: Keep agitator going at all times.)

       C.   Measure out  correct amount of wettable powder

       D.   Add  powder  to  a  small  amount  of water in  a  clean  mixing bucket

       E.   Stir until well mixed

            (NOTE: This will  make  a slurry,  a watery  mixture of insoluble  matter.)

       F.   Add  slurry  to tank

       G.   Finish  filling  the tank

VIM.   Procedure for mixing emulsifiable concentrates

       A.   Fill  tank one-fourth to one-half full with water

       B.   Measure out  correct amount of emulsifiable concentrate

       C.   Add  EC directly  into  spray tank

       D.   Mix thoroughly  using  mechanical or hydraulic means

       E.   Finish  filling  the tank

       F.   Do not use air agitation

  IX.   Safety precautions when  mixing  and handling pesticides

       A.   Follow all  safety precautions stated on  the  label

       B.   Use protective clothing and equipment as stated on the  label

       C.   Rinse empty  containers and  measuring cups to remove any residue

       D.   Read the label or  consult an expert to make  sure mixes of two  or more
            pesticides are compatible

       E.   Avoid  splashes, spills,  and  leaks

            (NOTE: Clean up  any splashes, spills, or leaks.)
                                      286

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                          INFORMATION  SHEET



      F.   Wash  all contaminated areas  on clothing or equipment

      G.   Dispose of empty  containers  properly

          (NOTE: Other  safety precautions may be added by the instructor.)

 X.   Importance of drift control

      A.   Is hazardous to the  environment

      B.   May injure wildlife

      C.   Contaminates water,  foliage,  and  pasture

      D.   May damage nearby  crops and cause illegal residues

      E.   Is expensive

          (NOTE: The applicator is responsible  for any injury or money loss on crops
          due to  pesticide drift onto a nontarget area.)

 XI.   Factors to consider in  determining  application rate

      A.   Read  the label; never use more than the dosage rate  recommended

      B.   Consult an expert for less than recommended rate

XII.   Determining  amounts of wettable  powder to  use

      A.   Pounds  per  tank

          Problem-Label  calls for 3 pounds  of  25% WP per acre. Your sprayer holds
          50  gallons and applies  10 gallons per  acre

          50  gallons per  tank     x    3  pounds     =    15 pounds per
          10  gallons per  acre          per acre           50 gallon tank

      B.   Pounds  per  gallon

          Problem-Label  calls  for  2 pounds of 50% WP per 100 gallons of water.
          Your  tank holds 300 gallons

          2 pounds of WP       x    300  gallons   =    6 pounds
          100 gallons of water        per tank           per 300 gallons
                                    287

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                            INFORMATION SHEET
       C.   Active ingredient per acre
           Problem--A local  expert recommends that you apply 1/2 pound of active
           ingredient per acre. You have a 50% WP on  hand and your sprayer tank
           holds 50  gallons. It applies 8  gallons  per  acre
           1  pound  of 50% WP per acre = 1/2 pound of active ingredient per acre
           50 gallons per tank    x    1  pound  per  acre    =    6  1/4 pounds
           8  gallons  per  acre                                    of 50% WP per
                                                                tank  to apply
                                                                1/2 pound per
                                                                acre
       D.   Percentage mixing
               1.    Formula
                     (NOTE:  It is  not necessary to memorize this formula.)
                     Gals of spray needed x % active ingredient wanted x 8.3# per
                     gal  of water	
                                  % active ingredient in  pesticide used
               2.    Problem-A  local expert recommends  using  a 1%  spray. You
                     already have an  80%  WP of the right pesticide and you need 50
                     gallons  of the 1% spray.  How much  pesticide is needed?
                     50  gallons x 1% x 8.3#/gal    =  5.18 or 5.2 pounds
                              80%  WP               of pesticide in  50
                                                     gallons of  water
XIII.   Determining  amounts  of emulsifiable concentrate
       A.   Pints, quarts,  or  gallons/acre
           Problem-The  label  recommendation  is to apply  2 quarts of 6E per acre.
           Your sprayer  holds 42  gallons and applies 6 gallons per  acre
           42 gallons per tank   x   2  quarts per acre   =   14 quarts
           6  gallons  per  acre                                 per tank
           14 quarts = 3 gallons,  2  quarts per tank  or 3  1/2 gallons
       B.   Pints  per  gallon
           Problem-The  label  says to apply 1/4 pint  of SEC per 100 gallons. Your
           tank  holds 400  gallons. How much  of SEC  is needed?
           1/4 pint of EC	   x   400 gallons per tank   =    1  pint
           100 gallons of water                                   per 400
                                                                  gallons
                                      288

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


      C.   Active ingredient  per  acre

           Problem-A local expert recommends you apply 1/2 pound active ingredient
           per acre.  You  have  a 4E  on  hand which contains 4 pounds  of active
           ingredient per gallon formulation. Your sprayer holds 40 gallons and applies
           6 gallons per acre. How much 4E is needed per tank to apply 1/2 pound
           active ingredient per acre?

           4 pounds  active ingredient per gallon = 4 pounds  per 4 quarts =  1 pound
           per 1 quart =  1/2 pound per  1  pint

           40 gallons per  tank     x    1  pint of 4E per acre   =     6  2/3
           6 gallons  per acre                                        pints per
                                                                    tank

      D.   Percentage mixing

               1.    Formula

                     (NOTE: It is  not  necessary to memorize this formula.)

                    Gallons of spray wanted x % active  ingredient  x  8.3 pounds per
                    gallons water	
                    Pounds of active  ingredient per  gallon of concentrate  x 100

               2.   Problem-A local expert tells you to apply a  0.5% spray. You
                    already own a 25%  EC (2 pounds pesticide per gallon formulation)
                    which must  be mixed with water and you need  100 gallons of
                    spray

                     100 gallons  x 0.5% x 8.3#/gal       =    2.07  or 2 gallons
                    2 pounds  EC  x 100

                     (NOTE: If the EC was to be mixed with oil  or kerosene,  you
                    would have used 6.6 pounds per gallon not 8.3 pounds per gallon.)

XIV.  Liquid and volume  measures

      A.   1 gallon  of water = 8.3 pounds  (approx)

           (NOTE: One gallon of  kerosene  weighs 6.6  Ibs.)

      B.   100  gallons of  water  = 830 pounds (approx)

      C.   1 pound =  16  ounces = 453.6 grams

      D.   1 pint =  16  fluid  ounces =  473 milliliters
                                     289

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                     INFORMATION  SHEET


E.   1  quart = 2 pints = 32 fluid  ounces = 946  milliliters =  .946  liters

F.   1  pound wettable power per 100 gallons = 1 tablespoon per gallon (approx)

G.   1  pint  emulsifiable  concentrate per 100 gallons  = 1  teaspoon per gallon
     (approx)

     (NOTE: Instructor may want  to  add additional  measures.)
                               290

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                         Types of  Formulations
                Dry
ISi
CO
Dust (D)
Poisonous Bait (B)
Granule (G)
Wettable Powder (WP or W)
Soluble Powder (SP)
                                     Gas
      Liquid

Low Concentrate Solution (S)
Emulsifiable Concentrate
          Solution (EC or E)
Ultra-Low Volume Concentrate
             Solution (ULV)

Flowable (F)
                                 Fumigant

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                      Methods of Application
CD
CO
             Band
                               Directed
            ygjttf!)'. *T^''/^!S
                                                      v\
Soil Incorporation

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NJ
CD
01
                     Methods of Application
                               (Continued)
                                    Broadcast
            Dipping
Pour-On
                                                                       H
                                                                       ^

                                                                       CO

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                      FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT  VIII
       ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1-CALCULATE SPRAY  MATERIALS  USING
                             WETTABLE POWDER
Calculate the  problems  below and show  your  work.

   1.     How much wettable powder  is  needed to make 200 gallons of  spray  if
         recommended  rate is 3  pounds per 50 gallons of water?
   2.     How many pounds of wettable powder is needed to make 100 gallons of spray
         if 3 pounds of 60% wettable powder is needed per acre and your sprayer applies
         25 gallons per  acre?
   3.     A farmer wants to spray  a  field of corn. The recommended strength of the
         spray is  0.5%. The wettable powder recommended is 50% and the spray tank
         holds 150 gallons. How much 50% WP  is required for this mix?

         Gallons of spray  wanted x % active ingredient needed  x 8.3 pounds/gallon
                          %  active  ingredient in pesticide  used
                                               Environmental Protection Agency
                                               SJbrary                 Room
                                                      Street, SW5  WSM PM-213,
                                     297

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                      FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIII


           ASSIGNMENT  SHEET #2--CALCULATE SPRAY  MATERIALS
                     USING  EMULSIFIABLE  CONCENTRATE


Calculate the problems below and show your work.

   1.     How many quarts of 6E is needed to  mix 40 gallons if  recommended amount
         is 2 quarts  per acre and your sprayer applies 4 gallons per  acre?
   2.     How many  pints of SEC  is needed for 400 gallons of spray if recommended
         rate is  1/2  pint per 100 gallons of water?
   3.     A farmer wants  to  mix 200  gallons of 0.3%  spray using 50%  emulsifiable
         concentrate  (4 pounds  pesticide per gallon). How many gallons of concentrate
         will  be needed?

         Gallons of spray  wanted x %  active ingredient  x  8.3 pounds per gallon
                  Pounds  of  active  ingredient per gallon of concentrate x 100
                                      299

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                      FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIM
           ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #3--INTERPRET PESTICIDE  LABELS
                     AS TO  FORMULATION  AND MIXING
Read the labels provided  on the following pages and answer the questions below.

   1.     Using  the De Metho  label, answer the questions below.

         a.   What type  of formulation is De  Metho?


         b.   What is the symbol for the formulation?
         c.   Does this formulation  go  on as is or must  it be diluted?  If diluted, with
             what?
         d.   How  many  pounds per gallon  of  this formulation  is active  ingredient
             (methomyl)?
         e.   How would  you prepare  the spray mix  using this formulation?
         f.   Your tank holds 200 gallons and you want to spray your chrysanthemums
             which have a severe infestation of cabbage  looper.

                1)     How many pints of  De  Metho are needed per 100 gallons?


                2)     How much pesticide  would you put  into your tank?
         g.   A local expert recommends that in your area you need a 0.1% spray for
             cabbage loopers  attacking your potatoes.  Using the  following  formula,
             calculate how many gallons of De Metho you need for 200 gallons of 0.1%
             spray.

             Gallons of  spray wanted  x % active  ingredient wanted  x
             8.3  pounds/gallon	
             Pounds of  active ingredient per gallon  of concentrate x 100
                                      301

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2.    Using the No-Disease label, answer the questions below.

      a.   What type  of  formulation is  No-Disease?


      b.   What is the symbol  for this  formulation?


      c.   How many pounds of active ingredient  (benomyl) are in the formulation?


      d.   Does this  formulation go on  as  is or must it  be diluted?


      e.   How do you prepare the spray  mix using this formulation?
      f.    Your  tank  holds 400 gallons and applies 40 gallons per acre. You want
           to spray  your snapbeans for an expected severe infestation of white rot.

              1)     What  rate would  you use?


              2)     How many acres can your sprayer cover before having to refill?


              3)     How much would you put into your tank?

      g.    A  local expert recommends that you need 1/8 pound active ingredient per
           acre to get good control  of powdery  mildew on your melons. Your sprayer
           holds  400 gallons and applies 40 gallons per acre. How much pesticide would
           you add  to  the  tank?


3.    Using  the  Anti-Weed  label, answer  the following  questions.

      a.    What  formulation is Anti-Weed?


      b.   What  is the symbol  for this formulation?


      c.    Does  this go on as is or must it be diluted?


      d.   How  many pounds  of actual ingredient per  50 pounds  of  Anti-Weed?


      e.    How  would  you prepare this formulation in a  mix?
                                     302

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CO
o
CO
      PRECAUTIONARY

         STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
Polaonout  by twellowlng or Inhalation.
Oo not breathe tprey mitt. Oo not get In
eyet. Avoid contect with tkln. UM only
when wearing the following  protective
equipment and  clothing. Wear  tightly-
woven  cotton overeilt, metereroot hat.
unlined neoprane fllovet and boot*. Wear
Mtetv goggiei end/o* face ehleid. Wear e
metk or retplretor Jointly approved by
the  Mining  Enforcement end  Safely
Adminittretion  end  by  the Notional
Inititute  for  Occupational Safety end
Health. Before  removing glovet. wash
them mith detergent end weter.  Alway*
ween hendt, fece end ermt with deter-
gent end  weter before tmokina. eeiing
or drinking, For emergency  ettlttan^e,
cell OOO OOO OOOO.

cholinettereee  inhibitor.  Oo not  ute
oaimes tuch et 2-f*AM. Give Atropine 2
mg. intrevenoutly of tubcuteneoutly. l>
In eye. Initill  one 4rop of Hometropine.
Clote supervision of the patient i* indi-
cated for at lean 48 noun

  ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Thit pesticide it tome  to wildlife end
fith. Ute  with  care when epplvlnf In
ereat frequented by wildlife or edieceni
to eny body of weter. Keep out of leket.
ttreemt or pond*. Do not apply where
runoff it likely to occur. Oo not apply
when  weather  conditiont fawof  drift
from target area. Do not contaminate
weter by cleaning of equipment or dit-
potel ot waste*.
    PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
           HAZARDS
                                        DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                    It <• a violation of Federal law to w>a thit
                                    product In • m*nn«r Incontittant with In
                                    labeling.

                                        RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                           (IF APPLICABLE)
                                    Do not enter area within
                                    24 hour* after application.

                                     CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                           (IF APPLICABLE)
                                      STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                   STORAOf-Oo not contaminata watar.
                                   food, or faad by ttorage or dltpotal.
                                   Opon dumping it prohibited. DISPOS-
                                   A_-»»eilc.de. tpray mUture. or rlneet*
                                   mat cannot be uMd or chamieoJIv rep/o-
                                   cMMd ahould M dltpoMd of In a landfill
                                   aeoroved for PM tlc Wee or buried  In a
                                   Ufa ptaca away from  watar tuppliw.
                                   Contaloart tftoutd ba triple rlrtMd and
                                   offered *or recyctlng. recondltlonlnfl. •*
                                          n approved landfill or bwlatf In
Ceywult Federal, SUM or tacel Okfmmt
           -pprfnad •rnriMW prMe-
                                                                                           RESTRICTED  USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                              FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
                                                                                            CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                             DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                INSECTICIDE
                                                                                                       Emulsifiable  Concentrate

                                                                                            ACTIVE INGREDI^T>
                                                                                            INERT INGBSC^
                                                                                            TOTAL:     ~^>

                                                                                                     Net Content:  50  gallons
                                                                                                                    METHO
                                                                                                                     8 IBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
                                                                                                                    TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
                                                                                                           OF REACH  OF CHILDREN
                                                                                                 DANGER  -   POISON
                                                                                           DIRECTIONS FOR-USE

                                                                                                CONTINUED

                                                                                           SPRAY PREPARATION

                                                                                      Fill wny tank X to » fwM ol water. Add O*
                                                                                      Metho dkacth/ IP spray unk end mi* dw

                                                                                      do not'WM air agitation.

                                                                                               APPLICATION

                                                                                      Apply M the raeammendKl raw whon InMCtt
                                                                                      tint appeer. Untea otherwiM noMd. continue
                                                                                      •pplkMlora M 6-  to 7-dey Inter** or M
                                                                                      needed. UM tuHicient wetar (t-18 ph per
                                                                                      acre by elr| to obtain  thoroutfi, uniform eov
                                                                                      erege. Apply the low retet on tmell plants,
                                                                                      email worn, and light tnfetuitoni o( Intacti.
                                                                                      UM intermediate r«»et on larger worm* end
                                                                                      heevier infMtetior- of (ntectt. UM 1 to 3  «p-'
                                                                                      plicatiom  ot the highett lemmineorted rau
                                                                                      lor controlling Mwere in'«tation_ Thereafter.
                                                                                      UM the knnen raw powibie to memiein con-
                                                                                      trol.

                                                                                             NOTICE TO BUYER

                                                                                      Seller werrwra dw «tlt prodyci cofitarmt to
                                                                                      the Aemlctf d-KffptkM on the label thereof
                                                                                      and h Ketonetoly 'h for purpoMt tuMd on
                                                                                      •uch label onty when uted in eecordenei w.th
                                                                                      Owectiont under normal UM conditiont, Thit
                                                                                      warranty does not extend to WM of thit prod-
                                                                                      uct contrary to label KM direction*, or under
                                                                                      abnormal UM conditions, or under condutont
                                                                                      not raetonebly toreteeette to teller: buyer M-
                                                                                      tumet all rnk of any tuch WM. Seller makes no
                                                                                      other warrant)*, caprett or implied.

                                                                                      PurcheM of this materiel doet not eonler any
                                                                                      righti under patents ot cowntriet outtide of
                                                                                      the unned SUM-
                                                                                                         inuti
          STATEMENT OF  PRACTICAL TREATMENT

IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving e tablespoonful of ult i
  warm water.   Repeat until vomitut 11 clear   Call e physician in

IF IN EVES • Flush eyet with plenty of water for at leeti 15
  phyncian immediately-
IF ON SKIN  In case of COntBCt. remove contaminated clothing and
  wash skin with toap and water.

             SEE SIDE  PANEL FOR  ADDITIONAL
               PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                                                                                                           MFC  BY A-Z  CHEMICALS
                                                                                                        PEST TOWN.  VERMONT
                                                                                                  ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
                                                                                                  EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43
                                                                                                                                  - En M d*vi • •
                                                                                                                                                             A 0  tm, M *-. » - •
                                                                                                                                                                 CrtXjl IMP*. Cam Etnmnn.
                                                                                                                                                                PLICAnON DAYS
>
CO
CO
en
•z.
s
m
•z.
-\
CO
I
m
m
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                         DIRECTIONS
    No-Diwau  Benomyl Fungicide  ihould be  used only in  accordance
    with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
    recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-0is*ase.Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-DisesM as recommended, a tolerant itrain of fungi may be present (contact
 your Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be given to prompt use ol
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre, Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate tor large mature trees.
 Add required amount  of No-Ditease to a partially filled (pray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means:  continuous  agitation is required to keep the
 material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
 fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sultur. as  a tank mixture with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to 1'? Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during  half-to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, ot spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or equivalent  amount of  No-Diwase per  acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock m treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples). Powdery Mildew. Sooty Blotch. Flyspeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at W green tip and repeal at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred,
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period m order to
 deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
 adverse effects on fruit finish and color may result: if finish and color are  of
 primary importance, do not use more than 4  oz, per 100 gals.
 Postharvest Fruit Rots  (Botrytis so., Pmicillium to., Gkwosporium sp.)-Make a
 single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
 protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by dipping
 or spraying at 8 oz. per 100 gals.
 Overwintering Scab (AppJts)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest  but before
 leaf drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
 BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Schrotinia). Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply 1>; to 2
 Ibv per acre at 25% to 50% bloom: repeat  at  peak bloom. Do not apply within
 14 days of harvest: do  not  graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock
 CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS,  MELONS.  SUMMER AND
 WINTER SQUASH:  Gummy Stem Blight.  Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
 —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre.  Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
 disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
 MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply I1. Ibs.
 per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting ot foliage.
 Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14 day inter
 vals through the bloom period.
 MANGOES: Anthracnosc— Apply  1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications  at
 first appearance of panetes (appro*, 2" long),  and repeat at weekly intervals until all
 fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
 MUSHROOMS: VerticiUium Spot (Dry Bubble)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
 apply to bed surface at the rate of 12V4 gals, per 1000 sq, ft. Apply immediately
 after casing and repeat at pinning: alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
 beds ater picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days ot harvest.
 PEANUTS: Cercospora Letfspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21 •
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
           NO-DISEASE
 BENOMYL      FUNGICIDE
                       Wettable Powder
ACTIVE INGREDIENT
  Benomyl [Methyl l-(butykarfaamoyl)-
  2-beruimidazolecarbamate]
INERT INGREDIENTS
u.s. tttt. i.Mi.iu I i.ui.in    EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                      50%
                      50%
6PA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                     Keep out of reach of children.

      CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes,  and clothing.
          Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from tire or sparks.

In case of contact, flush skm or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
attention.

IMPORTANT—Never allowNo-Diseaseto become wet during storage.  This may lead
to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container;  crush and
bury when empty.
This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams,  or ponds. Do not apply
when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                   NET   5O  LBS.
B 21150  8-73A                                 Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.

     KILL-DEAD    CHEMICALS
           Chemical  City, West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Scab, Brown Leafspot. Downy Spot, Powdery MAdew-Appty
'/> to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. toll. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Appty  At prepoHlnatlon when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (Thteiavtoptls parado«)-Use 1V4 Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting; remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent amount of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight, Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use Vt
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud, or green tip) and at full btoom;
apply 1 or 2  additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of lh Ib. per  100 gats, as indicated:  Peach Scab—shuck split and shuck
fall; Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest,
Postharvest  Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use K Ib. per 100 gals. No-Disease does not control Iruit rou caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and Anemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytii), Powdery Mildew, Leaf Scorch, leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot—Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using l/i Ib. per acre. Anthracnose—Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14-  to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do  not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystis parado»>-App
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            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #3
        mm-weed
                            206
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
4-Ethylamino-6-
isopropyiamino-
s-triazine . . . 20.0%

Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
Total:      100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
               Anti-Weed 20G is a
               granular herbicide



               Warning:
               Keep out of reach of
               children. See addition-
               al warning statements
               on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
               KIU-DEN)
               Chemical Company
               Chemical City, West Virginia
                 305

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DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-bead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty ot Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages  resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should betaken to avoid using  Anti-Weed where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or  plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed  in a dry  place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                               Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches         Recommended _  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate ~  for Band
                                               Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions (or Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail            Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail            Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail           Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass           Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)          Jimsonweed             Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
ASSIGNMENT  SHEET  #3

                        Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

                        Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle
                        Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
                        diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
                        See table below for recommended rates.
                        Sot)
                                                       Rate per acre ot  Anti-Weed
                                                             Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15lbs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
                       'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
                        Instructions Section.
                      ** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
                        peat and muck.

                        Suggestions for Crop Rotations
                        1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
                        Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
                        following application of the granules.  3) Soybeans may be
                        seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
                        Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
                        applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
                        Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
                        including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
                        seeded legumes and grasses the year following  Anti-Weed
                        application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
                        crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
                        soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
                        spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
                        application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
                        gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
                        7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
                        stock for 21 days following application.	
                        Warning
                        Keep out of reach of children.

                        Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
                        lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
                        skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
                        While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
                        or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
                        Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
                        feed and foodstuffs.

                        This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
                        streams.

                        Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          306

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                      FORMULATION AND APPLICATION
                                   UNIT VIII
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS

Assignment Sheet #1
   1.     12 pounds
   2.     12 pounds
   3.     12.45 pounds or 12  1/2 pounds

Assignment Sheet #2
   1.     20 quarts
   2.     2 pints
   3.     1.25  gallons

Assignment Sheet #3
   1.     a.    Emulsifiable concentrate
         b.    EC or E
         c.    Diluted  with  water
         d.    1.8 pounds
         e.    Fill spray tank  1/4 to 1/2 full of water. Add correct amount of De Metho
              directly  to spray tank and mix thoroughly, using mechanical or hydraulic
              means.  Fill spray tank the  rest of the way. Do not  use  air agitation.
         f.    1)2 pints/100 gallons
              2)   4 pints or 2 quarts
         g.    One gallon
   2.     a.    Wettable powder
         b.    WP or W
         c.    50% of  50 pounds  =  25 pounds
         d.    Diluted
                                      307

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      e.   Fill tank  1/2 full with  water. Start agitator. Measure the  correct amount
           of WP and add to a small  amount of water in a clean mixing bucket; stir
           well until mixed. Add  slurry to  tank. Finish  filling  the tank with water.

      f.   1)   2 pounds per acre

           2)   10 acres

           3)   20 pounds per tank

      g.   2  1/2  pounds of No-Disease

3.    a.   Granular

      b.   G

      c.   As  is

      d.   20% of 50  = 10 pounds

      e.   You would  not  mix
                                     308

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                     FORMULATION AND  APPLICATION
                                  UNIT  VIM
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms  on the right to the correct definitions.
             a.  Area,  building, plant,  or animal to be
                treated with pesticide in order to protect
                it from or reach the  target pest

            _b.  Pesticide  as   it  sold  before  diluting;
                usually contains a large amount of active
                ingredient

            _c.  Pest to be controlled  with a  pesticide

            _d.  Mixture   of   one  or   more  active
                ingredients with other materials needed
                to make a pesticide easy to store, handle,
                dilute, and apply

            _e.  Able   to   be  combined   with   other
                pesticides and applied  as  a  mixture
                without reducing their effectiveness
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
Formulation

Target

Site

Compatible

Concentrate

Solvent

Solution
             f.  Mixture made by dissolving a substance
                in  a  liquid; mixture will  not separate or
                settle out in normal  use
             g.  Liquid  such  as  water,  kerosene,  or
                alcohol   that   a  pesticide   or   other
                substance will  dissolve in and form  a
                solution
                                      309

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2.     Match the types of pesticide formulations on the right to the correct descriptions.
             a.  Dry  preparation  which  may  contain  a
                fairly high  concentration (15%-95%) of
                active ingredient and is mixed with water
                to form a  suspension when applied

             b.  Dry  preparation which contains a fairly
                high concentration (15%  - 95%) of active
                ingredient that dissolves in water to form
                a solution  for application

             c.  Active ingredient in  the form of a gas
                or  liquid  which  becomes a  gas when
                applied  and  reaches the target as a gas

             d.  Finely ground ready-to-use  dry  mixture
                combining  a  small  amount  of active
                ingredient  with an  inert carrier such as
                talc, clay,  or volcanic ash

             e.  Very finely ground solid material which
                is suspended  in a liquid; usually contains
                a high concentration or large amount of
                the active  ingredient  and is mixed  with
                water when  applied

             f.  Food  or  other  attractive  substance
                mixed with an active  ingredient that will
                attract and be eaten  by  pests and cause
                their death

            _g.  Ready-to-use  dry mixture  of  a small
                amount  of active ingredient and  inert
                carriers  with  all particles  larger than  dust
                particles

             h.  Solution which may contain pure active
                ingredient;  usually used without dilution

             i.  Solution   which   contains   a   high
                concentration or large amount of active
                ingredient  which  should  be mixed  with
                water; may contain from one to several
                pounds  of  active  ingredient per gallon of
                concentrate

            J.  Solution   which   contains    a    low
                concentration or  small amount of active
                ingredient  in  a highly  refined oil or other
                solvent
 1.     Dust (D)

 2.     Fumigant

 3.     Wettable  powder
        (WP or W)

 4.     Soluble powder
        (SP)

 5.     Emulsifiable
        concentrate
        solution
        (EC or E)

 6.     Ultra-low
        volume
        concentrate
        solution (ULV)

 7.     Flowable (F)

 8.     Granule (G)

 9.     Low
        concentrate
        solution (S)

10.     Poisonous
        bait (B)
                                       310

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List two  factors an  applicator must  consider  when selecting a formulation.

a.

b.

Match  the  methods  of  pesticide  application  on  the  right  to  the  correct
descriptions.

	a.  Complete  or  partial  immersion  of  a
          plant, animal, or object in a pesticide

	b.  Application  to a small area

	c.  Aiming  the pesticide at a portion of a
          plant, animal, or structure

	d.  Application  to the  soil followed by use
          of  tillage   implements  to  mix  the
          pesticide with the  soil

	e.  Saturation  of  the soil with  a pesticide
          or oral  treatment of an animal

	f.  Application  along the side of a crop row

	g.  Application  to  the leaves  of a  plant,
          shrub, or  tree

	h.  Pouring  the pesticide along the  midline
          of the backs  of livestock

	i.  Application  to a strip or band  over or
          along each  crop row

	j.  Application  over the top of the  growing
          plant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Band
Broadcast
Dip
Directed
Drench
Foliar
In-furrow
Over-the-top
Pour-on
Sidedress
Soil
incorporation
Spot
treatment
       k.  Uniform  application   to
          specified area
an   entire
	I.  Application to or  in a furrow in which
          a crop is planted

Discuss  the advantages, disadvantages,  and  principal  uses  of the  following
formulations.
Formulation
a. Dust
b. Emulsifiable
concentrate
c. Wettable
powder
Advantages



Disadvantages



Principle Uses



                                311

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6.     Select  from the list below the best time to mix pesticides by placing an "X"
       in  the  blank.

       	a. 24 hours before  using

       	b. 48 hours before  using
            _c. Immediately before using


             d. 6  weeks  before  using
7.     List  in  the  proper sequence  the  procedure for mixing wettable  powders.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

       e.

       f.


       g.

8.     List  in the proper sequence the procedure for mixing emulsifiable  concentrates.

       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.

       e.

       f.

9.     List  three safety precautions to observe when mixing  and handling pesticides.

       a.

       b.

       c.
                                      312

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10.     Describe the importance of drift  control.
11.     List two  factors to consider  in determining the application rate.

       a.

       b.

12.     Calculate  the following problem to determine the amount of wettable powder
       to  use. Use the  following formula and  show your  work.

       Gals of spray  needed x % active ingredient wanted x 8.3# per gallon of water
                       %  active  ingredient in  pesticide  used

       Problem:  A local expert recommended  using a 0.2% spray. You have on hand
       a 50% wettable powder of the right pesticide and you need  75 gallons of the
       spray.  How much  pesticide is needed?
                                      313

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13.    Calculate the problem below determining the amount of emulsifiable concentrate
       to use. Show your  work.

       Problem:  The label  recommends using  3  pints per acre of 6E. Your sprayer
       holds 60  gallons and applies 6  gallons per acre. How  much 6E is needed?
14.    Complete the following  chart of liquid and  volume measures.

       a.   1 gallon  of water = 	 pounds (approx)

       b.   1 pint = 	  fluid  ounces = 473 milliliters

       c.   1 quart =  	 pints = 32  fluid ounces = 946 milliliters

       d.   1 pound  wettable powder per  100 gallons = 	tablespoon per
            gallon  (approx)

15.    Interpret  the  De Weed label provided on page 316 and answer the questions
       below.

       a.   What is the type of formulation?


       b.   What is the symbol for the formulation?


       c.   With what do you  dilute this formulation?


       d.   How many pounds of active ingredient are in  this formulation?
                                      314

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e.    Your sprayer holds 300 gallons and applies 30 gallons per acre. You have
     quack grass in your blueberries and want to make one application to get
     rid of it.

       1)     How many acres can  your sprayer cover without having to refill?


       2)     What dose  (rate) would  you use?


       3)     How much pesticide would  you  measure  into  your tank?
                              315

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                                                    PRECAUTIONARY
                                                      STATEMENTS

                                                 HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                        (CAUTION)

                                             Harmful if swallowed.  Avoid application
                                             directly to human*. Car* should be taken
                                             to avoid inhalation of dutt or spray mitt,
                                             Or prolonged contact with thin. In case
                                             of contact,  immediately  flush eyes or
                                             skin  with  large amounts  of water. Get
                                             medical atiention  if irritation persists.
                                             Wear safety goggles or face shield when


                                              ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                             Keep out of lakei, itreami, or pondi. Do
                                             not apply when weather condition* favor
                                             drift from target area.
CO
   DIRECTIONS FOR USE
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
                                             prod
                                             labeling.
                                                 a violation of Federal law to use this
                                                          nner inconsistent with itl
                                                STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                                             Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                                             by storage or disposal. Open dumping is
                                             prohibited. Pesticide, spray mixture, or
                                             rirtute that cannot'be used or chemically
                                             reprocessed should be disposed of in a
                                             landfill approved for pesticide* or buried
                                             in a safe place away from water supplies.
                                             Containers should be disposed of  in an
                                             incinerator or landfill approved for  pesti-
                                             cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
                                             Consult  Federal, State, or local disposal
                                             authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                             dures such es limited open burning.
                                                                                    WEED^I
                                                                                HERBICIDE
                                                                          WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                      ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                      INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                      TOTAL:
                                                                                                                                              tri-azoic acid
                                                                                                                80.0%
                                                                                                                20.0%
                                                                                                               100.0%
                                                      KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH   OF  CHILDREN

                                                                          CAUTION

                                                                 STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
                                                            IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
                                                            IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
                                                            IF IN E VES Flush ayes with plenty of v
                                                                                                                      MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                            Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                                               EPA  ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                                                                                 EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
         DIRECTIONS FOR USE

              CONTINUED

 OeWeex) Is for weed control in certain crops,
 ornamental plantings, on industrial sites, and
 around-the-farm. it should  be applied before
 weeds emerge or following removal of  weed
 growth.  It controls e wide variety of ertnual
 broad leaf end grass weeds when used at  selec-
 tive rates in agricultural crops end ornamental
 plantings. When used at higher, non-selective
 rates in non crop areas, it alto controls  many
 perennial broad leaf and gran weed*.

 GROUND APPLICATION: Use conventional
 spray equipment  with  80°  flat-fan  no tiles.
 Screens  in spray system should be no finer
 than 50 meth. Use a pump with capacity to
 maintain 35-40 osi at nottles. Use hydraulic
• or mechanical agitation during mining and ap-
 plication to  maintain e uniform  suspension.
 Aerial application:  Use only where specified
 in the use directions.

 BLUEBERRIES and  CANE8ERRIES (black-
 berries,  boysenberries. loganberries,  ratpber-
 riei)-Queckgrass. Apply 5 Ibs per acre in the
 fall or split  the application applying 2H Ibs
 per acre in the fall plus 2Vt tbs per acre in the
 spring, when quackgrass is growing. Do not
 apply when Iruit is present.
                                                                                                                                                                                           old (Northeastern U.S.  only)-He
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         one year
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         oit.  wild
 been seeded in the spring (before June 11 may
 be treated in the fall after  the last cutting but
 before frozen ground conditions. Apply 1 Ib.
 of Oe Weed per acre. For  ground application
 apply in a minimum of 2V, gals, of water par
 acre.

 GRASSES  GROWN  FOR SEED  (Pacific
 Northwest  only).   Perennial  ryegrass,  tall
 fescue and  fine fescues, such  as  Pennlawn,
 Chewings, Ranier. and related species. Control
 of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses includ-
 ing annual ryegrass, rattail fescue, silver hair-
 grass and downy brome.  Apply 2>i Ibs of
 Oe Weed  in a minimum of  15 gals of water
 per acre as toon as fall rains start. Apply only
 to grasses from which at  least  one seed crop
 has Men cut.

 WEED  CONTROL on  industrial  sites, high-
 way medians, and shoulders, railroad rightt-of
 way, lumber yards, and in non-crop areas on
 farms such as around  buildings, fuel storage
 areas, along fences,  roadsides,  and lanes.
 Aerial application may be made where it is
 feasible. Use at least 1 gal  of water for each 1
 Ib.  of DeWeed: use more water if practical
 for both ground and  aerial application.  To
 control annual broadleef and grass weeds fin-
 eluding   barnyard   grass,   cheat,  crabgrass,
 lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturavine
 and  mullein), apply 6-12M Ibs. per acre. To

 broadleaf and grass weeds (including quack-
 grass, bluegrass, red top,  burdock,  Canada
 thistle, orchardgrets, dogfennel, and plantain),
 apply 12H-25 Ibs. per acre. To control hard-
 to-kill perennial weeds  (including bull thistle
 and sow thistle), apply 25-50 Ibs. per acre.
                                                                                                                       NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                     FORMULATION  AND  APPLICATION
                                  UNIT  VIII
                             ANSWERS TO TEST


1.     a.   3             e.   4

       b.   5             f.   7

       c.   2             g.   6

       d.   1

2.     a.   3             9-   8

       b.   4             h.   6

       c.   2             i.    5

       d.   1             j.    9

       e.   7

       f.   10

3.     Any two of the following:

       a.   Effectiveness against the  pest

       b.   Cost of the application

       c.   Plant, animal, or  surface to be  protected

       d.   Possible injury to the protected surface

       e.   Application equipment  which is available

       f.   Danger  of  drift or runoff

       g.   Hazard  to  the applicator, other persons, plants, and animals

4.     a.   3             e.   5             i.    1

       b.   12            f.    10            j.    8

       c.   4             g.   6             k.    2

       d.   11            h.   9             I.    7
                                     317

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Discussion  should include:
Formulation
a. Dust




b. Emulsifiable
concentrate




c. Wettable
powder





Advantages
Ready to use;
requires no
mixing;
easy to apply
High concen-
tration; relative-
ly inexpensive;
suitable for low
pressure equip-
ment with
limited agitation
Relatively in-
expensive; safer
than emulsi-
fiable concen-
trate to use on
tender foliage;
easy to measure
Disadvantages
Drift hazard;
expensive



Easy to over-
dose; may be
hazardous to
applicator;
phytotoxicity

May be hazard-
ous to applicator;
requires mechan-
ical agitation;
difficult to mix;
may clog nozzles

Principal Uses
Spot treatment;
livestock and
poultry; limited
foliage use

Fruits and vegeta-
bles; farm animals;
field crops



Fruits and vegeta-
bles; farm animals;
field crops




6.
7.






8.





c
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g-
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
     Fill  tank one-half  full  with water




     Start agitator




     Measure out correct amount of wettable powder




     Add  powder to  a  small  amount  of water in  a clean  mixing bucket



     Stir until well mixed




     Add  slurry  to tank




     Finish filling  the tank




     Fill  tank one-fourth to one-half  full  with water




     Measure out correct amount of emulsifiable concentrate




     Add  EC directly into  spray tank




     Mix thoroughly  using  mechanical or  hydraulic means




     Finish filling  the tank




     Do not  use  air  agitation
                               318

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 9.     Any three of the following:
       a.   Follow all  safety precautions  stated on the  label
       b.   Use protective clothing  and equipment as  stated on  the  label
       c.   Rinse empty containers and measuring cups  to remove any residue
       d.   Read  the label or consult an expert to make sure mixes of two or more
            pesticides are compatible
       e.   Avoid splashes, spills, and  leaks
       f.   Wash  all  contaminated areas on clothing or  equipment
       g.   Dispose  of  empty  containers properly
10.     Description should include:
       a.   Is  hazardous to  the  environment
       b.   May  injure  wildlife
       c.   Contaminates water,  foliage, and pasture
       d.   May  damage nearby  crops and cause  illegal  residues
       e.   Is  expensive
11.     a.   Read  the label;  never use  more than  the  dosage  rate recommended
       b.   Consult  an  expert for less than recommended rate
12.     2.5  Ibs per 75  gallons  of water
13.     30 pints or  15  quarts or 3  gallons and  3 quarts
14.     a.   8.3
       b.   16
       c.   2
       d.   1
15.     a.   Wettable powder
       b.   WP or W
       c.   Water
       d.   80%  of  5  pounds = 4  pounds
       e.   1)   10  acres
            2)   5 pounds per acre
            3)   50  pounds
                                      319

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                            EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                                     UNIT  IX
                              TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should be able to identify types of equipment
used to apply pesticides, describe the procedure for calibrating the equipment, and calculate
problems involving calibration. This knowledge will be evidenced through demonstration
and  by scoring eighty-five percent on the unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion of this  unit, the student should be  able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with  pesticide  equipment and their uses to the
              correct definitions.

        2.     Identify types of pesticide application  equipment.

        3.     List types of support  equipment needed for application  of pesticide.

        4.     Discuss  in  a short  paragraph the  importance of  choosing  the proper
              equipment when applying pesticides.

        5.     Complete a chart listing the advantages and disadvantages of common types
              of application equipment.

        6.     List safety  precautions to observe when  cleaning  and storing equipment
              after use.

        7.     Match types  of nozzles to the correct  descriptions.

        8.     Tell why it  is important to calibrate equipment.

        9.     Describe the procedure for calibrating pesticide application equipment by
              arithmetic calculation.

      10.     Calculate problems  involving pesticide equipment calibration.
                                        321

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                      EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                               UNIT  IX
                       SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide student with information and assignment sheets.

    C.   Make transparencies.

    D.   Discuss terminal and specific objectives.

    E.   Discuss information  and assignment  sheets.

         (NOTE: Instructors may want to provide additional assignment sheets using
         labels common to  the local community. Assignment Sheet #2 is optional
         and should  be completed only  if  nomographs  are  used  in  the  local
         community.)

    F.   Borrow equipment from local  dealers  or farms and allow student to practice
         calibrating equipment using any method.

         (CAUTION:  Use water, not pesticides.)

    G.   Survey farms and determine which types of equipment  are used most often
         in  your area. Discuss why.

    H.   Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read objective sheet.

    B.   Read and study information  sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment sheets.

    D.   Take test.


                     INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information  sheet
                                   323

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 III.   Transparency masters

      A.  TM  1--Types of Pesticide Application  Equipment

      B.  TM  2-Types of Pesticide Application  Equipment (Continued)

      C.  TM  3--Types of Pesticide Application  Equipment (Continued)

      D.  TM  4--Types of Nozzles

      E.  TM  5-Sprayer  Calibration  Nomograph

 IV.   Assignment sheets

      A.  Assignment Sheet #1 --Calculate Problems  Involving Pesticide Equipment
          Calibration

      B.  Assignment Sheet  #2--Calculate Problems Using Nomograph

 V.   Answers  to assignment sheets

 VI.   Test

VII.   Answers  to test
                                     324

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                       EQUIPMENT AND ITS  USE
                                 UNIT IX
                         INFORMATION  SHEET
 I.  Terms and definitions

    A.   Dilute-To make a pesticide thinner or weaker by adding water, oil, or other
         materials

    B.   Concentrate-Pesticide as it is sold before diluting; usually contains a  large
         amount  of the active  ingredient

    C.   Diluent-Liquid or dust  used  to water  down  or  weaken a  concentrated
         pesticide

    D.   Formulation-Mixture of one or more active ingredients with other materials
         needed  to make it easy to store, handle, dilute, and  apply

    E.   Target-Pest  intended  to be controlled  with  pesticide

    F.   Site-Area, building, plant, or animal to  be  treated with the pesticide in
         order to protect it from or reach a target pest

    G.   Compatible-Able to  be  combined with  other  pesticides and applied as a
         mixture  without reducing their  effectiveness

    H.   Adjuvant (additive)-Substance added to  the pesticide formulation or tank
         mix  to  make  the  active ingredient work better

         Examples:     Wetting  agent,  spreaders, adhesive,   emulsifying  agent,
                       penetrant

    I.    Calibration-Measurement of how  much  pesticide  will be applied by the
         equipment to  the  site; measurement of the delivery rate

II.  Types of  pesticide  application equipment (Transparencies 1, 2,  and  3)

    A.   Hand sprayer

    B.   Low  pressure  field sprayer

    C.   High  pressure  field sprayer

    D.   Air blast sprayer or mist blower

    E.   Ultra-low volume sprayer
                                    325

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                         INFORMATION  SHEET






     F.  Hand duster



     G.  Power duster




     H.  Granular applicator




     I.   Fumigant applicator




     J.   Aerosol generator




     K.  Fogger




     L.  Aerosol bomb




     M.  Back rubber




     N.  Dust bag




     O.  Dipping vat




     P.  Airplane




     Q.  Paintbrush




III.   Support equipment




     (NOTE: Support equipment is used in addition to application equipment.)




     A.  Filler pump




     B.  Tank truck




     C.  Nurse  or mixing tank




     D.  Front-end  loader




     E.  Tractor




IV.   Importance of choosing proper  equipment




     A.  Saves time




     B.  Saves money




     C.  Provides more thorough application




     D.  Applies pesticides  correctly
                                    326

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                                      INFORMATION SHEET
    V.   Advantages and  disadvantages  of  application  equipment
          EQUIPMENT
      ADVANTAGES
     DISADVANTAGES
A.    Aerosol  (bomb and generator)
 Penetrates  cracks  and crevices;
 usually reaches  all pests within
 the area; area can be used soon
 after  treatment  by ventilating
                                                                                No  deposit, therefore reaches
                                                                                only the pests  in  the  area
                                                                                during  application; difficult
                                                                                to get  long term control;
                                                                                special  pesticide formulation
                                                                                necessary; drift hazard
B.    Duster (hand  and power)
Lightweight;  inexpensive;
requires no water
Drift hazard;  high  cost
of pesticide; hard to
control amount of
application; must calibrate
'for each product
      Back  rubber  (rubbing post,
      dust bag)
Can work  over  a  long period  of
time; relatively  inexpensive;
portable
 Livestock only; cannot
control amount of
 application; all animals
may not  use  applicator
      Granular applicator
Lightweight; no water needed;
often used  in fertilizer
spreader or seeder
 High cost  of pesticide;
 limited foliar use; must
 calibrate for each size
 of granule
E.    Hand sprayer
Economical; simple; easy to
use and clean
Not practical  for  large
areas;  lacks agitation;
wettable powder may clog
nozzles
F.    Air-blast sprayer
Good coverage and  penetration;
low pressure pump; mechanical
agitation
Drift hazard;  chance of
overdose; difficult to  use
in small areas; hard to
confine discharge  to a
limited target
G.    Low pressure  field sprayer
Low cost;  lightweight;  versatile;
covers  large areas  rapidly
Low  volume output  limits
pesticide penetration;
agitation is limited
H.    High pressure field sprayer
Well-built;  long  life; usually  has
mechanical agitation; very versatile
Expensive; requires large
amounts of water, power,
and  fuel; heavy tire  loads;
drift hazard
I.     Ultra-low volume sprayer
No water is needed;  equal
control  with  less pesticide
Does not provide for
thorough  wetting; hazard
in using high concentrations;
chance  of  overdose; small
numbers of pesticides can
be used
                                                  327

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                            INFORMATION SHEET


  VI.   Safety precautions  when  cleaning and storing equipment

       A.  Wear protective  clothing and equipment as called for on  the  label

       B.  Follow ALL safety precautions stated on  the  label

       C.  Check equipment for leaks

       D.  Use all of the pesticide mix in the sprayer

       E.  Wash equipment before storing

       F.  Release pressure

       G.  Wash out tank  and flush  nozzles  with clean  water; dispose  of  residue
           properly

 VII.   Types  of  nozzles (Transparency  4)

       A.  Solid stream-Compact jet used  in  handguns to spray a  distant target or
           fixed to  apply a narrow band  or to inject into the soil

       B.  Regular flat fan-Narrow oval pattern with lighter edges; used for broadcast
           spraying

       C.  Flooding  flat  fan-Wide angle spray pattern; used for broadcast spraying

       D.  Even flat fan-Uniform  pattern  across  its width; used for  band spraying

       E.  Hollow cone-Circular pattern with  little or no  spray in  the center; used
           for spraying foliage

       F.  Solid (full) cone-Circular pattern;  used  for spraying foliage

       G.  Broadcast-Wide flat fan pattern; used for boomless sprayers or to extend
           the effective width on  the  end of  the boom

VIM.   Importance of calibrating equipment

       A.  Obtain  desired control

       B.  Practice  good  economics

       C.  Apply proper  dosage of the pesticide

           (NOTE:  Avoid overdosing.)
                                       328

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                          INFORMATION SHEET


IX.   Procedure for calibrating equipment

     (NOTE: One can calibrate several ways, with or without arithmetic or by using
     a nomograph. A nomograph is a carefully plotted chart used to determine the
     missing factor.)

     A.   Measurement method

            1.     Measure off  an acre (100  feet x 436 feet)

            2.     Fill  tank with water

            3.     Spray the acre

            4.     Refill  tank to determine amount used

                   Example:     10  gallons to refill; application  rate is 10 gallons
                                per acre

                   (NOTE: This tells you how much of the mixture you  would
                   apply.)

            5.     Read  label to determine mixing  rate

     B.   Arithmetic  calibration

            1.     Determine pumping rate

                   a.   Fill spray tank completely full of  water

                   b.   Put vehicle in neutral at the throttle setting (rpm) desired

                   c.   Open the spray valve and pump for a predetermined  time

                   d.   Close valve,  shut down  the equipment,  and measure the
                       amount  of water  needed to  refill  the tank

                   e.   Divide the  number of gallons by time to get pumping rate

                       Example: 10 gallons needed to refill tank =  2 gal/min
                                        5  minutes              pumping rate

            2.     Determine gallons per  acre

                   a.   Determine  the number of  feet the sprayer moves in one
                       minute  at the desired speed and throttle

                   b.   Measure  the  width of the sprayer boom
                                    329

-------
                     INFORMATION SHEET
              c.    Determine the pumping rate

              d.    Figure  the  area  that  the  sprayer  covered  in  one minute
                   (distance  traveled x boom  width)

                   (NOTE: One mile  per hour equals 88 feet  per  minute.)

                   Example:     440  feet traveled  in  one minute x  20 feet
                                boom width  =  8800 square feet covered per
                                minute

              e.    Figure  how many minutes it would take  to spray one acre
                   (divide 43,560 by  the area covered  in one  minute)

                   (NOTE: One acre  equals 43,560 square  feet.)

                   Example:     43,560  square feet-^8800 square feet =
                                4.95 minutes or 5 minutes per acre

              f.    Figure  the amount  of spray pumped per acre (pumping rate
                   x number of minutes per acre)

                   Example:     2  gallons per minute  x  5  minutes per acre
                                =  10 gallons per acre

C.   Use of nomograph  (Transparency 5)

     (NOTE: This method is not used in all areas  of the country.)

     Example:      Sprayer ground speed  is 4 mph, nozzle spacing is 20 inches,
                   and desired  application rate is 20  gal/acre

                   Solution:  Using a straightedge, draw  a  line from 4 mph on
                   the "speed line" through 20 inches  on "nozzle spacing line"
                   and locate  point where line  intercepts "pivot line". Now
                   draw a line through  intercept point on  "pivot  line" and
                   through 20 gal/acre on "application rate  line"  and  locate
                   point  where line intercepts "calibration check line". Read
                   either 35 oz/min or 0.27 gal/min. Select nozzle size to give
                   0.27  gal/min  at desired pressure. Adjust  pressure  regulator
                   to  give a flow rate of 35  oz/min  from  each nozzle.
                               330

-------
            Types of Pesticide Application Equipment
CO
CO
    Hand Sprayer
                     Dipping Vat
                                         Air Blast Sprayer
                                          or Mist Blower
                                                  Back Rubber

-------
CO
CO
W
           Types  of Pesticide Application Equipment
                                (Continued)
           Low Pressure Field Sprayer
Granular Applicator
                 High Pressure Field Sprayer
    Power Duster

-------
         Types of Pesticide Application Equipment

                            (Continued)
oo
co
01
           .c.
               Aerosol Bomb
                                     Aerosol Generator
                                                                   CO

-------
                              Types of  Nozzles
             Solid (Full)
             Cone Nozzle
CO
GO
  Hollow        Flooding Flat
Cone Nozzle       Fan Nozzle
Regular Flat
 Fan Nozzle
             Solid Stream Nozzle

-------
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                              339
UALIBKA
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-------
                          EQUIPMENT AND  ITS  USE
                                   UNIT  IX


        ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1--CALCULATE PROBLEMS  INVOLVING
                    PESTICIDE EQUIPMENT  CALIBRATION


Read the labels provided on the following pages. Determine the amount of pesticide to
use and the type  of equipment to use to make an application by answering the questions
below.

   1.    Equipment

        a.   What equipment would  you  use to apply De Metho?

        b.   What equipment would  you  use to apply No-Disease?

        c.   What equipment would  you  use to apply Anti-Weed?

   2.    Amounts of pesticide to use

        (NOTE: Show your work.)

        a.   Your sprayer pumps 15 gallons in 5 minutes. What is the pumping rate?
         b.   You have determined that at the  speed and  throttle setting  you intend
             to  use, your sprayer moves at 528 feet per minute.  (6 mph = 528 feet
             per minute  or 1 mph = 88  feet per  minute). The sprayer boom covers
             a space of 15 feet wide. How many square feet does your sprayer cover
             in one minute?
                                     341

-------
c.    One acre  = 43,560 square feet. How many minutes would it take to spray
     one acre?
d.   How much spray  does your sprayer pump per acre?
e.    Using the following facts, determine the pumping rate, speed sprayer travels
     per minute, time to cover one acre, amount of spray pumped per acre.

     FACTS:
     10 gallons of spray in  five minutes
     Spray  boom width = 25  feet
     Sprayer  moves at  5 miles  per hour
     One mph = 88 feet per minute
     One acre = 43,560 square feet

     ANSWER:
     1)   Pumping  rate 	
     2)   Speed sprayer travels  per minute 	
     3)   Time to  cover one acre
     4)   Amount of spray pumped per acre
                               342

-------
s
CO


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
Poisonous by swallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe aprey mitt. Oo not gat In
eyes. Avoid contact with tkln. U*e only
when wearing tha following protective
equipment and clothing, wear tightly-
woven cotton overall*, waterproof hat,
on lined neoprene glovet end boot*. Weer
*e*etv goggia* and/or face thlald. Waer a
mask or respirator Jointly approved by
tha Mining Enforcement and Safety
Administration and by the National
Institute for Occupation*! Safety end
Hee'th. Bafora removing gloves, wash
them with detergent and water. Always
wath handt. face and arms with deter-
gent e
LMniuum.!
M.U. o» eM.

Imp. Cilrapumm.
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TO LIVESTOCK
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Deiathf*






ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1

-------
                                          DIRECTIONS
CO
                      No-Oiiease Benomyl  Fungicide should  be used only  in accordance
                      with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                      recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
 important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
 (eradicant). and protective action. If treatment is not effective following use of
 No-Disease ai recommended, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
 your'Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be  given to prompt use of
 other suitable fungicides.
 Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
 thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
 only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions,  use the higher
 rate and shorter interval specified for each crop; also, for tree crops, use the higher
 rate for large mature trees.
 Add required amount of No-Ditease'to a partially filled (pray tank agitated by
 hydraulic or mechanical means; continuous  agitation  is  required to keep  the
 material in suspension.  Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
 fate, Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture  with
 ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to  IVi Ibs. per acre at pink
 bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
 second application during half.to-full bloom.
 APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, ol spray per acre with hydraulic
 ground  equipment  or  equivalent amount of  No-Disease  per acre  with
 sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
 Scab (Apples), Powdery  Mildew, Sooty Blotch, Flytpeck-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
 gals, at W green tip and repeat at 7- to U-day intervals (or as needed) through
 the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
 apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
 deactivate scab and  to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples,
 adverse effects on fruit finish and color  may result: if  finish and color are of
 primary importance, do  not use more than 4 oz. per 100  gals.
 Pnthwest Fruit Rots (Botrytis sp., Penkillium 
-------
               ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
                                   206
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
  Active Ingredients:
  Atrazine: 2-chloro-
  4-Ethylamino-6-
  isopropylamino-
  s-triazine . . . 20.0%

  Inert Ingredients: 80.0%
                Total:
            100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est. No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                   KLLDEJU)
                   Chemical Company
                   Chemical City, West Virginia
                     345

-------
                                          ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Direction* For Use and the Con-
ditions Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Ol Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, it is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-Dead makes no other
express or Implied warranty of Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead   or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product. Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company. -

General Information	

 Anti-Weed will control most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption,  its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed  where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the amount
of granules per acre needed for  band treatment as follows:
                                               Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches       x Recommended  _ Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows    Broadcast Rate —  for Band
                                               Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
.and the higher rate should be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Directions for Use	

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail           Annual Morhingglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
   (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed             Sunflower
Crabgrass             Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
  Soil
                                 Rate per acre ol  Anti-Weed
                                       Broadcast
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
15lbs.
22.5-
30 IDS.
 *For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions for Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stockfor21 days following application.	
 Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                          346

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                          EQUIPMENT AND ITS USE
                                    UNIT  IX
    ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2~CALCULATE PROBLEMS  USING NOMOGRAPH
Use the nomograph  provided on  the  following page to calculate the problems below:

   1.  ,   A broadcast sprayer has a 20 inch nozzle spacing. A check of the nozzles shows
         each  one puts  out  28 ounces per  minute. How fast would you have to drive
         to  apply 15 gallons per  acre?
   2.     Rows  are 40  inches apart. You want to spray a 14 inch band  at 5 miles per
         hour and with an equivalent broadcast rate of 25 gallons per acre. How many
         ounces per minute  would be applied?
   3.     You want to  spray a  broadcast rate of 25 gallons per acre at a speed of 3.5
         miles per hour.  The nozzles  are spaced 20 inches apart on  the boom. What
         should be the flow rate for  each  nozzle?

-------
            ASSIGNMENT SHEET #2
SPRAYER  CALIBRATION   NOMOGRAPH
CALIBRATION
CHECK






APPLICATION
RATE


-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
- 8 uj
-9 K
-10 Ł
i-is8
^^goj
J "^^

0
-40
-50
-60
-70
90- ^°
is^ss
130- -,40
ISO-^140








3-

4-
5
6

7-

8
9-
IO

UI
1.5-
2
CL
UJ
o-20

-------
                            EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                                     UNIT IX
                      ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEETS


Assignment Sheet  #1

   1.     Equipment

         a.    Probably a  low pressure field sprayer; a high  pressure field sprayer might
              be used

         b.    Probably a  low pressure field sprayer; a high  pressure field sprayer might
              be used

         c.    Granular spreader

   2.     Amounts of  pesticide to use

         a.    3 gal/min

         b.    7920  sq ft

         c.    5.5  min/acre

         d.    16.5 gal/acre

         e.    1)   2  gal/min

              2)   440 ft/min

              3)   3.96 or 4 min/acre

              4)   8  gal/acre


Assignment Sheet  #2

   f.     4.3 miles per hour

   2.     38 ounces  per  minute per nozzle

   3.     0.3 gallons per minute  or  38.5 ounces per minute
                                        351

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                         EQUIPMENT  AND  ITS  USE
                                   UNIT IX
                                    TEST
1.     Match the terms on  the right to  the  correct definitions.
            _a.  Mixture  of   one   or   more   active
                ingredients with other  materials  needed
                to make it easy to store, handle, dilute,
                and  apply

            _b.  To make a pesticide thinner  or  weaker
                by adding water,  oil, or other materials


            _c.  Measurement of how much pesticide will
                be applied by the equipment to the site;
                measurement  of  the delivery  rate


            _d.  Pest  intended to be  controlled  with
                pesticide


            _e.  Pesticide  as  it is sold before diluting;
                usually contains  a large amount of the
                active ingredient
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
Dilute

Concentrate

Diluent

Formulation

Target

Site

Compatible

Adjuvant
(additive)

Calibration
            _f.  Able  to  be   combined   with  other
                pesticides  and  applied as  a  mixture
                without reducing their effectiveness
            _g.  Liquid  or dust used to water down or
                weaken  a concentrated  pesticide
            h. Substance  added   to   the   pesticide
               formulation  or tank mix to  make the
               active ingredient work better
            i.   Area,  building, plant, or animal  to  be
                treated with  the pesticide in order  to
                protect it from  or  reach  a  target pest
                                     353

-------
2.     Identify the following types of  pesticide application equipment by writing the
       correct names in the  blanks.
3.
       e..
List  three  types of support equipment needed  for application  of  pesticide.
a.
b.
c.
                                       354

-------
4.     Discuss in a short paragraph the importance of choosing the proper equipment
      when applying pesticides.
5.    Complete the following chart.
      Equipment
Advantages
Disadvantages
      High  pressure
      field  sprayer
      Low pressure
      field sprayer
      Granular
      applicator
                                     355

-------
8.
       List five safety precautions to observe when cleaning and storing equipment after
       use.
       a.

       b.

       c.

       d.
       e.

       Match  the types of  nozzles on the right  to  the correct

                                                            1.

                                                            2.
       a.  Circular  pattern;  used  for  spraying
          foliage
            _b. Wide flat fan pattern; used for boom less
                sprayers or to extend the effective width
                on the end of the boom

            _c. Uniform  pattern  across  its width; used
                for band spraying

            _d. Circular pattern with little or no spray
                in the center; used for spraying  foliage

            _e. Wide  angle  spray  pattern;  used  for
                broadcast  spraying

             f. Narrow oval  pattern with lighter edges;
                used  for  broadcast spraying

            _g. Compact jet  used in handguns to spray
                a  distant  target  or  fixed to  apply  a
                narrow band or to inject  into the soil
Tell  why it  is important to calibrate equipment.

a.
                                                     3.

                                                     4.


                                                     5.

                                                     6.


                                                     7.
descriptions.

   Broadcast

   Flooding
   flat fan

   Hollow  cone

   Solid  (full)
   cone

   Solid  stream

   Regular
   flat fan

   Even  flat
   fan
       b.
       c.
                                        356

-------
9.     Describe  the  procedure  for  calibrating pesticide  application  equipment  by
       arithmetic calculation.
                                       357

-------
10.     Calculate the problems below and show your work.

       a.   What type of equipment would  you use to  apply De Weed?

           (NOTE:  Refer  to  the  label on the  following page.)


       b.   Calibration

           FACTS:
           One acre = 43,560 square  feet
           One mile per hour = 88 feet per  minute
           Spray  boom  width = 20 feet
           Speed  sprayer travels = 5 mph
           Sprayer  pumps =15  gallons  in 5 minutes

           1)   What  is  the pumping rate?


           2)   How many feet  per minute does your  sprayer travel?


           3)   How many square feet does your sprayer cover  in one  minute?


           4)   How many minutes would it  take  to spray  one  acre?


           5)   How much spray do you pump per acre?
                                      358

-------
CO
01
CO
                                                             PRECAUTIONARY
                                                               STATEMENTS

                                                           HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                                 (CAUTION!

                                                      Harmful if swallowed.  Avoid application
                                                      directly to human*. Care thould be taken
                                                      to avoid inhalation of dun or tprav misi,

                                                      of contact,  immediately flush eyat or
                                                      skin with  large amount* of water. Cat

                                                      Wear tafety  gogglet or face thiald when
                                                      handling.

                                                        ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                                      Keep Out of  lakes, ttreamt, or ponds. Do
                                                      not apply when weather condition* favor
   DIRECTIONS FOR USE
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
                                                         STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                                      Containers should be disposed of in an
                                                      incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                                                      cide containers, or buried in a tafe place.
                                                      Contult Federal, State, or local ditPOtal
                                                      authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                                      dure! tuch as limited open burning.
                                                                V
                                                                             HERBICIDE
                                                                       WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                             ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                             INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                             TOTAL:
                                                                                            tri-azotc acid  80.0%
                                                                                                            20.0%
                                                                                                           100.0%
                                                                                                            KEEP  OUT OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN

                                                                                                                                CAUTION

                                                                                                                       STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED Induce vomiting
IF INHALED Remove to freth air.
IF IN EVES Flush eyes with plenty of wat
                                                                                                                             MFC BY  A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                                   Aster, Minnesota

                                                                                                                      EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO.  1357-MN-1
                                                                                                                         EPA REGISTRATION  NO.  1357-41
                                                                                    DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                                                                         CONTINUED

                                                                             DeWeed it for weed control in certain cropi.
                                                                             ornamental  planting*, on  industrial titet, and
                                                                             around-the-farm. It thould ba applied before
                                                                             weedi amarga or following removal of waad

                                                                             brooa leaf and gran weedt whan uted at telee-
                                                                             tiva rates in agricultural crop* and ornamental
                                                                             planting*. When used at higher, non.selective
                                                                             ratei in  non crop araai. it al*o control* many
                                                                             perennial broad leaf and gran weeds.

                                                                             GROUND APPLICATION; Ute conventional
                                                                             spray aguipmant  with 80* flat-fan noizlat.
                                                                             Screens  in (pray sytlern  thould be no finer
                                                                             than 50 mesh. Ute a pump with capacity  to
                                                                             maintain 35-40 pti at noiilet. Use hydraulic
                                                                             or  mechanical agitation during mining and ap-

                                                                             Aerial application:  Ute only  where specified
                                                                             in the ute directions.
                                                                                                                                                                                                6LUEB
                                                                                                                                                                                                berries.
                                                                                    boy*anbarriei, loganberries, raspber-

                                                                             fall or split the application applying 2Vi tbi
                                                                             per acre in the fall plui 2Vi Ibt oer acre in the
                                                                             spring, when quackgratt  it growing. Do  not
                                                                             apply when fruit it present.

                                                                             ALFALFA — Pure alfalfa  let* than one year
                                                                             Old (Northeastern U.S. only}-Henbit. wild

                                                                             wild oat*, and pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
                                                                             Man Deeded in the spring (before June 1 I may
                                                                             be treated in the fall after  the last culling but

                                                                             of OeWaed per acre. For ground application
                                                                                                                                       GRASSES  GROWN  FOR  SEED  (Pac
                                                                                                                                       Northwest  only).  Perennial  ryegrais.
                                                                                                                                       fescue and  fine fescues, such  at  Pennla
                                                                                                                                       Chewing*. Ftanier, and related species. Con
                                                                                                                                       of broadleaf weedi and a
                                                                                                                                       ing a
                                                                                                                                                            il fes
                                                                                                                                       gratj and downy  brome.  Apply 2'/,  Ibi of
                                                                                                                                       De Weed in a minimum of 15 gal* of water
                                                                                                                                       per  ecre at toon as fall rains start. Apply only
                                                                                                                                       to grattet from which at least one seed crop
                                                                                                                                       hat  been cut.

                                                                                                                                       WEED  CONTROL on  induitnai sites, high-
                                                                                                                                       way medians, and ihouldert, railroad rights-of


                                                                                                                                       great,  along fences,  roadsides, and  lanes.
                                                                                                                                                                                                      . Ute at least
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1 gal o< wat
                                                                                                                                       for Both  ground and aerial application. To
                                                                                                                                       control annual broadleaf and gretl weedt (in-

                                                                                                                                       lambtquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine
                                                                                                                                       and mullein), apply 6- 12V. Ibt, per acre, To

                                                                                                                                       broadleaf  and grot* weedt (including quack-
                                                                                                                                       gran,  bluegratt. redtop, burdock.  Canada
                                                                                                                                       apply 12'/i-25 Ibt. per acre. To
                                                                                                                                                                       1 hard-
                                                                                                                              NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                         EQUIPMENT AND  ITS USE
                                  UNIT  IX
                            ANSWERS TO TEST


1.    a.   4             f.   7

      b.   1             g.   3

      c.   9             h.   8

      d.   5             i.   6

      e.   2

2.    a.   Air blast sprayer or mist blower

      b.   Granular applicator

      c.   Low pressure  field  sprayer

      d.   Back  rubber

      e.   High pressure  field  sprayer

      f.   Dipping vat

3.    Any three of the following:

      a.   Filler pump

      b.   Tank  truck

      c.   Nurse or mixing  tank

      d.   Front-end loader

      e.   Tractor

4.    Discussion  should  include:

      a.   Saves time

      b.   Saves money

      c.   Provides  more thorough  application

      d.   Applies  pesticides correctly
                                      361

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Equipment
High pressure
field sprayer
Low pressure
field sprayer
Granular
applicator
Advantages
Well-built; long
life; usually has
mechanical agitation;
very versatile
Low cost; light-
weight; versatile;
covers large areas
rapidly
Lightweight; no
water needed;
often used in
fertilizer spreader
or seeder
Disadvantages
Expensive; requires
large amounts of
water, power, and
fuel; heavy tire loads;
drift hazard
Low volume output
limits pesticide
penetration;
agitation is limited
High cost of
pesticide; limited
foliar use; must
calibrate for each
size of granule
8.
Any five  of the following:

a.    Wear  protective clothing and equipment  as  called for on the label

b.    Follow  ALL safety  precautions stated  on the label

c.    Check equipment  for  leaks

d.    Use all  of the pesticide mix in  the  sprayer

e.    Wash  equipment  before  storing

f.    Release pressure

g.    Wash  out  tank and flush nozzles with  clean water;  dispose of residue
     properly

a.    4             e.    2

b.    1             f.    6

c.    7             g.    5   .

d.    3

a.    Obtain  desired control

b.    Practice good economics

c.    Apply proper dosage  of the  pesticide
                                       362

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 9.     Description should  include:

       a.    Determine pumping rate

               1)     Fill spray tank completely full of water

               2)     Put vehicle in neutral  at the throttle setting (rpm) desired

               3)     Open the spray  valve and  pump  for a  predetermined time

               4)     Close valve, shut down the equipment, and measure the amount
                     of water needed to  refill  the  tank

               5)     Divide the  number  of  gallons  by time to  get pumping rate

       b.    Determine gallons  per  acre

               1)     Determine the number  of  feet  the sprayer moves in one minute
                     at  the desired speed arid  throttle

               2)     Measure the width  of  the  sprayer boom

               3)     Determine the pumping rate

               4)     Figure the area that the sprayer covered  in one minute (distance
                     traveled x boom width)

               5)     Figure how many minutes it would take to spray one acre (divide
                     43,560 by  the  area  covered in one  minute)

               6)     Figure the  amount  of  spray pumped per  acre (pumping rate x
                     number of minutes per acre)

10.     a.    Low pressure field sprayer

       b.       1)     3 gallons per minute

               2)     440  feet per  minute

               3)     8800 square  feet per minute

               4)     5 minutes

               5)     15 gallons per acre
                                      363

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                             DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
                                       UNIT  X
                              TERMINAL  OBJECTIVE
After completion of this  unit, the student should  be able to discuss proper methods for
disposing  of  surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. The student  should  be able to
name safety considerations when disposing and storing pesticides and pesticide  containers,
name steps to follow when rinsing pesticide containers, and interpret labels. This knowledge
will  be evidenced through demonstration and by scoring eighty-five percent on the unit
test.
                               SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES


After completion  of  this unit,  the  student should be  able to:

        1.     Match  terms associated with disposal and  storage to the correct definitions.

        2.     Name  the  classifications for disposal  of  empty pesticide containers.

        3.     Name  steps to follow when rinsing  pesticide containers.

        4.     Name  methods for disposal  of pesticides and  pesticide  containers.

        5.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph the proper method for disposing of surplus
              pesticides.

        6.     Name  safety  considerations when disposing of  pesticides  and  pesticide
              containers.

        7.     Name  requirements of  a  storage  area.

        8.     Discuss in  a short paragraph factors to consider in selecting a storage area.

        9.     Discuss in  a  short paragraph  procedures  for handling damaged containers
              in the  storage  area.

       10.     Name  factors  to  consider  when arranging pesticide containers within  the
              storage area.

       11.     Name  the  reason  for storing herbicides  separately.

       12.     Interpret labels correctly  by answering questions related to disposal and
              storage.
                                         365

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                        DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                 UNIT X
                        SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


 I.  Instructor:

    A.   Provide student with objective  sheet.

    B.   Provide student with information and  assignment sheets.

    C.   Discuss terminal  and specific objectives.

    D.   Make transparencies.

    E.   Discuss information and assignment  sheets.

    F.   Take  field trip to  see a good storage area.  Inspect the school's pesticide
         storage  area. What improvements could be  made?

    G.   Secure resource person to come to class and talk about qualifications  of
         disposal of  pesticides and/or pesticide  containers at  local  landfill.

    H.   Ask  a local  firechief  to talk to class  about  pesticide  fire hazards and
         precautions.

    I.    Ask students to plan a good storage area or critique pictures of other storage
         areas.

    J.    Give test.

II.  Student:

    A.   Read  objective sheet.

    B.   Study  information  sheet.

    C.   Complete  assignment sheet.

    D.   Go on field  trip to see a storage area.

    E.   Take  test.


                      INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


 I.  Objective sheet

II.  Information  sheet
                                   367

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 III.   Transparency masters



      A.   TM 1--Container  Classification



      B.   TM 2-Rinsing Drums



      C.   TM 3--Disposal of Containers



      D.   TM 4-Storage Area



 IV.   Assignment  Sheet #1 --Interpret Labels



  V.   Answers to  assignment sheet



 VI.   Test



VII.   Answers to  test
                                     368

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                       DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                UNIT X
                         INFORMATION  SHEET
I.   Terms and  definitions

    A.   Disposal-Act or  process  of correctly discarding  pesticides  and pesticide
        containers; can include recycling, deposit-return,  reuse, or burning

    B.   Downwind-Side towards  which the prevailing wind  is blowing

    C.   Encapsulation-Method of  disposal of pesticides and pesticide  containers by
        sealing them in sturdy, waterproof, chemical-proof container  which is then
        sealed  in  thick plastic, steel,  or concrete to resist  damage  or breakage

        (NOTE: The whole package is then usually buried in an area where water
        could  not be contaminated even if leakage occurs.)

    D.   Herbicide-Pesticide that is  used to control  unwanted  plants

    E.   Incinerator-Special high-heat  furnace or  burner which  reduces everything
        to nontoxic  ash and gas

    F.   Soil  injection-Method of  disposal of pesticides by  putting them within the
        plow layer of soil by usual tillage practices

    G.   Monitoring system-Regular system of keeping track of and checking up
        on whether or not  pesticides  are  escaping into the environment

    H.   Original container-Package (bag, can, or bottle) in  which a  pesticide is sold

        (NOTE: The package must have a  label  telling what the pesticide  is, how
        to use it  correctly and safely, and how to safely dispose of the empty
        container.)

    I.   Pollute-To make  unclean or  unsafe

    J.   Diluent-Liquid,  such as water, kerosene, alcohol, or dust, which "waters
        down" or weakens a  concentrated  pesticide

    K.   Contaminate-Pollute  or make unfit for  use

    L.   Sensitive-Easily  injured
                                  369

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                           INFORMATION  SHEET


 II.  Classifications for disposal  of  empty  pesticide containers (Transparency 1)

     A.   Burnable containers

          (NOTE: Small quantities, usually the amount emptied in one day, of paper
          and cardboard pesticide containers may be burned if local laws allow burning
          in  your area.)

          (CAUTION:  Before burning check local, state, and  federal regulations.)

     B.   Nonburnable containers

          (NOTE: These are usually  metal, glass, or plastic containers.)

     C.   Containers  with  mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic,  or inorganic pesticides

          (NOTE: These containers may be cardboard, paper, metal, plastic, or glass
          and should  be handled differently from other pesticide containers. They
          are special  because the type  of  pesticide they contain  is very persistent
          in  and hazardous to the  environment.)

III.  Rinsing pesticide  containers (Transparency 2)

     A.   Empty the  container  into the tank and let it drain  30 seconds

     B.   Fill it one-fifth to one-fourth full of  water or other diluent

          (NOTE: Sometimes diluents such as Kerosene and other petroleum solvents
          are used  in  the tank  mix. Rinse the container and measuring cup with the
          diluent used in the tank mix.)

     C.   Replace cap and rotate  container to  rinse all sides

     D.   Drain rinse  from container into  tank and  let drain  for  30 seconds

     E.   Repeat rinse and drain a total of three (3) times

IV.  Methods for disposal  of pesticides and pesticide containers (Transparency  3)

     A.   Open burning

          (NOTE: Check local  regulations.  In some  areas burnable containers may
          be burned  on  the  farm  in  small  quantities, usually  the  amount  emptied
          in  one day.  Never burn containers which held 2,4-D type herbicides because
          the smoke could  injure  sensitive  plants.)

     B.   Burial

          (NOTE:  Many  landfills  will accept  triple-rinsed pesticide  containers,
          especially if broken, crushed, or cut apart. Otherwise, the burial site should
          be selected  in an area where water will not be contaminated and where
          public health  and  the environment  will  not  be  harmed. Do  not bury
          pesticides  and unrinsed  pesticide containers that  contain mercury, lead,
          cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic pesticides unless they are encapsulated. Some
          landfills will take these  containers if  they have been triple rinsed.)
                                   370

-------
                          INFORMATION SHEET
     C.   Recycling
          (NOTE: Some nonburnable containers, such as plastic and steel drums, may
          be returned to the manufacturer for reuse.)

     D.   Incineration in a special pesticide-approved incinerator

          (NOTE: Some  pesticides and  pesticide  containers may be made  harmless
          using  this method. However, this method may not be used for pesticides
          or pesticide containers with mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic
          pesticides.)

     E.   Chemical degradation

          (NOTE: Sometimes pesticides can be chemically broken down into nontoxic
          materials.  These methods  are specific for each chemical and  cannot be
          described  here.  Check  with  the  manufacturer  or local  Environmental
          Protection  Agency officials for  specific  methods.)

     F.   Soil injection

          (NOTE: Use soil injection  methods only when recommended by state or
          federal regulatory  officials.)

     G.   Encapsulation

          (NOTE: This is usually the only method of disposal of pesticides or unrinsed
          containers with  mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic  pesticides.)

 V.  Disposing of surplus pesticides

     A.   Try to find other areas with the same problem and use up any extra tank
          mix, if you mix too much pesticide for a job

     B.   Return unused pesticides to manufacturer

          (NOTE: Check with the company and see if it will take the pesticide back.
          If, for some reason, it will not  take the pesticide back, return the  pesticide
          to  your   storage area  or  dispose  of  it  safely by  incineration  or by
          encapsulation  and  burial.)

     C.   Use one  of the other disposal methods listed after consulting an  expert

VI.  Safety considerations when disposing of  pesticides and pesticide containers

     A.   Location  of  sensitive areas, especially  streams, ponds,  and other water
          supplies

     B.   Personal safety

     C.   Environmental safety
                                    371

-------
                            INFORMATION SHEET

 VII.   Requirements  of  storage area (Transparency 4)
       A.  Child-proof
       B.  Cool, dry, well-ventilated  room  or  building
       C.  Fire-resistant
       D.  Fenced in or at least able to be locked
       E.  Warning signs posted  on doors and  windows
           (NOTE: Warning signs should read:  Danger!  Pesticides! Keep Out!)
       F.  Supplied  with  detergent, hand cleaner,  and water
       G.  Supplied  with  absorbent materials,  such as sand, sawdust, and paper
           (NOTE: These  materials can  be used to soak up spills.)
       H.  Supplied  with  shovel, broom, dust  pan, and fire extinguisher
VIM.   Selecting the storage area
       A.  Where water supply will not  be  contaminated even  if there is an accident
           or  fire
       B.  Free  from flooding
       C.  Downwind and downhill from sensitive area
       D.  No problem with  runoff or  drainage
  IX.   Handling damaged containers in storage  area
       A.  Check containers  often  for leaks, corrosion,  and loose caps
           (NOTE: Clean  up  any leaks  right away.)
       B.  Store pesticides in original containers
           (NOTE: This statement holds true unless the original container breaks, leaks,
           or  corrodes.)
       C.  Label  any substitute containers  with the entire label
           (NOTE: Unlabeled  pesticides are  worthless since you don't know what they
           are or how to use  them. They should be treated as surplus pesticides and
           held  for  disposal.)
       D.  Keep partly  empty pesticide  containers tightly  closed
       E.  Wear protective clothing and equipment
                                     372

-------
                           INFORMATION SHEET


 X.  Arranging pesticide  containers within storage area

     A.   Separate similar containers to avoid the chance of a mistake

     B.   Store containers  with label  in plain sight

     C.   Store on  shelves off the floor

     D.   Keep containers  in  upright  position to prevent spills

     E.   Place containers  in  orderly  rows

XI.  Reason for storing  herbicides separately-Some  herbicides, such as 2,4-D, can
     vaporize (become a gas)  and  get into other pesticides  nearby

     (NOTE:  Your  storage area needs to be divided  with a special area for  storing
     herbicides. All  highly toxic pesticides should be  stored  together.)
                                    373

-------
                       Container Classification
CO
•vl

01
           Burnable
Nonburnable
Mercury, Lead, Arsenic

  Cadmium and

  Inorganic Pesticides

-------
CO
-J
-J
                          Rinsing Drums
             Rinse and Drain - Three Separate Times
         Fill 50 Gallon
          Drum 54 Full
 Rotate With
Lip on Ground
Drain Into Spray Tank

-------
                        Disposal  of Containers
CO
•vl
CO
                  Recycling
                    Pesticide Co.
                         Burn
Break, Crush, or Cut Apart
      Then Bury

-------
                           Storage Area
W
oo
                                                  DANGER!

                                                  Pesticides
                                                  Keep Out

-------
                            DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
                                     UNIT X
                 ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1--INTERPRET  LABELS
The purpose of this assignment is to allow you to locate important information that must
be contained  on all pesticide labels. Read each of the labels on the following pages and
answer the questions  below pertaining to the specific label. When completed return to
instructor for evaluation.

   1.     2,4-D label

         a.    This granular pesticide is sold in a 50 Ib paper bag. How would you dispose
              of  it?
         b.   What special storage  and transportation precautions would you  take?



   2.     De  Metho label

         a.   What classification is this  plastic  bottle container?



         b.   How do you dispose of this container?



         c.   How should you  store this  container?
         d.   If you  mixed too  much  spray  for your  alfalfa field  (4  pints/acre rate),
              name two other crops on which  you could use the extra spray. This would
              have to apply only  if they had not recently been sprayed and had an insect
              infestation.
   3.     No-Disease label

         a.    How would you store  this pesticide?



         b.    What special storage  precautions must  you take?
                                       383

-------
        c.   What  classification is this  paper bag container?



        d.    How would you dispose of this  container?



4.      Anti-Weed

        a.    How would you store  this pesticide?



        b.   What  classification is this  paper bag container?



        c.    How would you dispose of this  container?


1.      A portion  of  a 2,4-D  label
       ACTIVE  INGREDIENT:
             Isooctyl  ester  of  2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid*	30.15%
       INERT INGREDIENT	69.85%


                         'Equivalent to 20% 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
                  U. S. Pat. Not. 2,390.941     2.396.513     2.453,983    2.472.347


                  CAUTION:   Keep Out of Reach of Children

       CAUTION: Harmful if swallowed. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Do not take
       internally. In case of contact, flush eyes with plenty of water; wash skin with soap and water.
       Avoid inhalation.

       Avoid possible drift to susceptible plants as this product may injure cotton, tobacco, blackeyed
       peas, beans, tomatoes, melons, other vegetables, grapes, fruit trees, and some ornamentals. It is
       difficult to completely remove traces of  2,4-D from equipment, therefore do not use such
       equipment for purposes where even trace  amounts  of this chemical  may  cause injury  to
       susceptible crops. Do not reuse shipping containers. Destroy by burying. Avoid contamination
       of water intended for irrigation and domestic use. Do not transport with or store near seeds,
       fertilizers, insecticides, or fungicides. Vapors from this product may injure susceptible plants in
       the vicinity.
                                             384

-------
01


PRECAUTIONARY
STATEMENTS
HAZARDS TO HUMANS
(DANGER)
•oleonowt by wallowing or Inhaiatton.
DO not breath* (pray mitt. Do Aot get In
eyas. Avoid contact with tkln. UM only
when wearing the following protective
woven cotton overe"i. waterproof net,
unlined neoprene glovetand boot). Wear
M*etv goggle* end/or face shield. Wear •
mesh or retplrator Jointly approved by
the 'Mining Enforcement end Safety
Administration end by the National
Initltute for Occupational Safaty and
Haalth. Before r amoving glovet, wavh
them with datargant and water. Always
wath hand*. face and arm* with deter-
pant and weter bafor* smoking, eating
of drinking. For emergency ettlitan^e,
call OOO OOO OOOO.
TO PHYSICIAN. 0« Met ho i« • reversible
cnolinettere** inhibitor. Do not MM
OMlmet tuch at 2-*AM. Oiva Atrooine 2
mg. intravanoufly ol subeuianeously. If
In eye, initill on a drop of Homatropina.
C'OM supervision of the paiiani ii indi-
catad lor at taatt 48 noon.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
This pesticide it to«.c to wild tit a and
fish. UM with car* whan applying in
araa* fraquaniad by wildille or ediecem
to any body of weter. Keep out of lekes.
straema or pond*. Oo not apply where
runoff it likely to occur Do not apply
whan weather condition* favor drift
from target araa. Do not contaminate
weier by cleaning of equipment or dis-
petal of wattet.
PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
Flammable! Keep away from neat end
open flame. ^
{
V
DIRECTIONS FOR USE
It it a violation of Federal lew to UM tfiit
product in a manner incontinent with In
latMling.
RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
(IF APPLICABLE)
Do not enter area within
24 hours after application.
CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
(IF APPLICABLE)
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
STORAGE -Do not contaminate water.
food, or feed by storage or dttpoMl.
Open dumping it prohibited. DISPQ3-
AL-*eetlclde, tprey ml«tur*. or rlnwt*
(h«t cannot be wMd or cnemfeellv repro-
ceaaed ahouW be dlapOMd of In a tendflll
approved for pesticide* or burled In e
•afa piece away from water euppiia*.
Containers should be triple rineed end'
Offered tor recycling, reconditioning. Of
dltpoead (n appfpved landfill or butted IA
aaafeptece.
Ctneuli Pederaj. State •» loweJ OlapoMl

^S
rv
•v—
• I ••
c



RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDE
FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BY
CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
DIRECT SUPERVISION

•^DE METHO^PX
r ^TX
•A V
^
^
&
INSECTICIDE \ V \ \J>\
\ \ jr
Emulsifiable Concentrate \ < s
^ s\ V* \X
ACTIVE INGREDIirJT:< METHO|»yL 4^/24%
INERT INGRJ»tnErhS: s v\s-'' 76%
TOTAL: - ^ . ''. ' 100%
^ • •*• *
, ^\ Net Content: 50 gallons
^ISWKPUCT OQNt*rfj^1.8 IBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
.— ^3EraKrHOI^Ay«EGiSTS«»rt) TRADEMARK OF A-Z CORPORATION
•^
D"
)KE^>\^ft OF REACH OF CHILDREN
DANGER - POISON
STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a tablnpoonful of ult in
warm watuf. Repeat until vomitut n clear Call a phyiician imr
IF INHALED • Remove to fresh air. Call a phyiician immediately.
IF IN EVES • Flush eye* with plenty of water for at least 15 minut<
phyiician immediately.
IF ON SKIN • In case of contact, remove contaminated clothing and im
wash skin with soep and water.
SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
PEST TOWN. VERMONT
ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

CftOM
MM*** **>*•».
0 MM OHM*
Atttffl A 0
e» IH^I o
encuh
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lpto*n A 0
*** AO
C*MT A c
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A 0
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MMw On
OufWy.uU
donotww
Appryattf
limeppttr
epplieaitoM
raidad. Ui
•era by air
•rag*. App
•nail worn
UM intern
p)«atiOM
for control
vte the kn
trot.
•etlerMrri
RECTIONS FOR USE
CONTINUED
RAY PREPARATION
ank H to ft Ml of Mitar. AM Da
ctly to eprey tank end mli thor-
n| mechanical or hytfrawUe meant;
Hr agitation.
APPLICATION
M 6- to J-dey imafM*) or m
• Mllident water (»-l» pn per
to obtain thorough, uniform cov
ty the tow ratat on amafl piano.
M end light Infattationi of btMCt*.
•diata ratM on larger worm and
•tation* of tmectt. UM 1 to 3 ap>
»f the higttett recommended rata
*g enere mtatuiion*. Thereafter,
MM ratt pMwbla to maintain eon-
NOTICE TO BUYER
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                                          DIRECTIONS
CO
00
                      No-Disease  Bsnomyl  Fungicide  ihould  be  used only in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label, or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
                No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
  important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides systemic, curative
  (eradicant). and protective action. It treatment is not effective following use of
  No-Disease as recommended, a tolerant (train of fungi may be present (contact
  your Kill-Dead representative); consideration should be given to prompt use of
  other suitable fungicides.
  Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
  thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
  only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
  rate and shorter interval specified for each crop: also, for treecrops. use the higher
  rate tor large mature trees.
  Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
  hydraulic or mechanical means; continuous  agitation is required to keep the
  material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul-
  fate. Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
  ALMONDS: Brown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to l"i Ibs. per acre at pink
  bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
  second application during hall-to-full bloom.
  APPLES, PEARS: Apply 200 to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
  ground  equipment  or  equivalent amount  of  No-Disease per  *cre with
  sprayers. Do not graze livestock in  treated orchards.
  Scab (ApptM), Powdery Mildew.  Sooty Blotch. nyspMk-Use 4 to 6 o*. per  100
  gals, at'/)" green tip and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals (or as needed) through
  the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
  apply G oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
.  deactivate scab and to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
  adverse effects on fruit finish and  color may result: if finish and color are of
  primary importance, do not use more than 4 oz. per 100 gals.
  Postharvtst Fruit Rota (Botrytis  tp.. Pmkillium sp.. Gtotosporium sp.)-Make a
  single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1 to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
  protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet  harvested fruit by dipping
  or spraying at 8 02. per 100 gals.
  Ovtrwinttrini Scab (AppVts)-Apply  8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
  leaf  drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
  BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Schrothiia), Gray Mold (Botryttj)-Apply n, to 2
  lb«. per acre at 25% to 50% bloom; repeat at peak bloom. Do not apply within
  14 days of harvest: do not graze or  feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock.
  CUCURBITS-CUCUMBERS,  MELONS,  SUMMER  AND
  WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blijht, Powdery Mildew, Anthracnos*
  —Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
  disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
  MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply \*.  Ibs.
  per acre: a surfactant may be added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage.
  Begin applications 1 to 2 weeks prior to bloom, and repeat at 7- to 14-day inter-
  vals  through the bloom period.
  MANGOES: Anthncnos*—Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre. Begin applications at
  first appearance of panicles (appro*. 2" long), and repeat  at weekly intervals until all
  fruits are set. Continue at 3- to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
  MUSHROOMS: WrticlHium Spot (Dry BubMi)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
  apply to bed surface at the rate of 12W gals, per 1000  sq. ft. Apply immediately
  after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
  beds a'ter picking and repeat 10 days later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
  PEANUTS: Ctrcospora Leafipot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
  35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to  21-
  day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                  Wettable  Powder
                                                                                           ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2-beiuimidaiotecarbamate]	

                                                                                           INERT INGREDIENTS  	
                                                                                           u.s. hit. I.MI.III • J.wi.17*    EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
 	50%
         	50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                               Keep out of reach of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION! MAY IRRITATE EYES. NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                           Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes,  and clothing.
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                           In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for  eyes, get medical
                                                                                           attention.

                                                                                           IMPORT ANT-Never allowNo-Oiseaseto become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                           to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                           cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container;  crush and
                                                                                           bury when empty.
                                                                                           This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not apply
                                                                                           when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                           by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  5O  LBS.
                                                                                           821150  8-73A                                 Made in U.S.A.  Mated in U.S.A.

                                                                                                KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                     Chemical City, West Virginia
PECANS: P»an Scab, Brown Leefspot. Downy Spot. Powdery »»•««  Anil,
'A to 1 Ib per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. toll. A surfactant ray be
added to the spray to improve wetting ol foliage. Apply at prepolllnatJon when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- 104-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (TMetntopata paradoia)-Use 1% lt».  per
100 gals, of water as preplan! dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting: remove and allow to drain.

STONE FRUITS—APRICOTS, CHERRIES, NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply ISO to 400 gals, of spray per acre
with  hydraulic ground equipment or equivalent  amount  of  No-Disease
per acre with concentrate sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use W
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications ol Vt Ib. per  100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab-shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover: Cherry leaf Spot-2  to  3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots—Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest: use H Ib. per 100 oats. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by Rhi-
zopus spp. and AKemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray MOM (Botrytis),  Powdery Mildew, Lee* Scorch, Le«f
Blight. Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14-day intervals, using Vi Ib. per acre. Anthrauose-Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR  BEETS: Cercospon Leatspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when  disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed. Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (CentocritJi paradonHAppty
to cut seedpieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  CoWD/p-UseSoz. per 100 gals, of water(l:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip-Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of rhe
  dip at 50°C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes: remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew.  Black Spot);  FLOWERS.  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery Mildew. Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoontul per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses,  use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at  10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season: shorten  interval during humid,  rainy waattar.
Addition of a surf actant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tulip, Gladiolus, Daffodil, Iris); Fusarium and PeoldeJum
Rots-Use 1 V> Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoontuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.), preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are tor forcing, treat after bulbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Selter warrants that this product conforms  to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase ol this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C/5
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    C/5
                                                                                                          m
                                                                                                          m

-------
 4.
 ASSIGNMENT SHEET #1
           inn-weed
FOR WEED CONTROL
IN CORN
   Active Ingredients:
   Atrazine: 2-chloro-
   4-Ethylamino-6-
   isopropylamino-
   s-triazine . . . 20.0%

   Inert Ingredients:  80.0%
                  Total:
             100.0%
50
Pounds
NET WEIGHT
Anti-Weed 20G is a
granular herbicide



Warning
Keep out of reach of
children. See addition-
al warning statements
on back of bag.
EPA Est No. 1352-WV-1
EPA Reg. No. 1352-519
                     Chemical Company
                     Chemical City, West Virginia
                       387

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                                           ASSIGNMENT SHEET
DIRECTIONS FOR USE AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AND
WARRANTY
IMPORTANT: Read the entire Directions For Use and the Con-
dition* Of Sale And Warranty before using this product.

Conditions Of Sale And Warranty

The Directions For Use of this product reflect the opinion of ex-
perts based on field use and tests. The directions are believed
to be reliable and should be followed carefully. However, It is
impossible to eliminate all risks inherently associated with use
of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended
consequences may result because of such factors as weather
conditions, presence of other materials or the manner of use or
application all of which are beyond the control of Kill-Dead
or the Seller. All such risks shall be assumed by the Buyer.
Kill-Dead  warrants that this product conforms to the chemi-
cal description on the label and is reasonably fit for the pur-
poses referred to in the Directions For Use, subject to the
inherent risks referred to above.  Kill-Dead  makes no other
express or Implied warranty ot Fitness or Merchantability or
any other express or Implied warranty. In no case shall
Kill-Dead  or the Seller be liable for consequential, special
or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this
product.  Kill-Dead and the Seller offer this product and the
Buyer and user accept it, subject to the foregoing Conditions
Of Sale And Warranty which may be varied only by agreement
in writing signed by a duly authorized representative of  Kill-
Dead Chemical Company.

General Information	

Anti-Weed  will control most annual broad leaf and grass weeds
in field corn, silage corn and sweet corn. It should be applied
prior to weed and crop emergence.

Since  Anti-Weed  acts mainly through root absorption, its effec-
tiveness depends on rainfall or irrigation to move it into the root
zone. Best results are obtained when  moisture occurs within 10
days after application. Should moisture not occur within this
period or should weeds develop, a shallow cultivation or rotary
hoeing will generally result in better weed control.

 Anti-Weed  is noncorrosive to equipment and metal surfaces,
nonflammable and has low electrical  conductivity.

Care should be taken to avoid using  Anti-Weed where adjacent
desirable trees, shrubs or plants might be injured.

Store  Anti-Weed  in a dry place.

Application Instructions
Broadcast or Overall Treatment
Use broadcast applicators or fertilizer spreaders that can apply
small amounts of granules evenly.

Band Treatment
Use applicators designed for this purpose. Calculate the'amount
of granules per acre needed for band treatment as follows:
                                               Ibs./Acre
Band Width in Inches	Recommended 	  Anti-Weed
Inches Between Crop Rows   Broadcast Rate     for Band
                                               Treatment
Range of Rates: In each case where a range of rates is given,
the lower rate should be used on soils low in organic matter
and the higher rate should-be used on soils high in organic
matter.

Direction* tor U»»

 Anti-Weed  controls most annual broadleaf and grass weeds
such as:
Giant Foxtail           Fall Panicum            Mustard
Green Foxtail          Annual Morningglory    Pigweed
Yellow Foxtail          Cocklebur              Ragweed
Barnyardgrass          Sandbur                Smartweed
  (Watergrass)         Jimsonweed            Sunflower
Crabgrass              Lambsquarters          Velvetleaf
  Anti-Weed  will not control perennial weeds such as:

 Johnsongrass  Field Bindweed  Canada Thistle   Bull Nettle

  Apply Anti-Weed at planting behind the press wheel or imme-
  diately after planting prior to emergence of either crop or weeds.
  See table below for recommended rates.
Soil
Light soils: Sands, loamy sands, and
sandy loams
Medium to heavy soils including the
dark prairie soils in the Corn Belt • •
Rate per acre of Anti-Weed
Broadcast
15 Ibs.
22.5-
30 Ibs.
 'For calculation of band treatment rate, see Application
  Instructions Section.
** Anti-Weed should not be used on high organic soils such as
  peat and muck.

  Suggestions tor Crop Rotations
  1) Corn may be replanted at any time following application of
  Anti-Weed . 2) Sorghum may be seeded in all areas the spring
  following application of the granules. 3) Soybeans may be
  seeded in Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa and Southeastern
  Minnesota and areas east of these states the spring following
  applications made not later than June 1 of the previous year.
  Precautions: 1) Do not plant sugar beets, tobacco, vegetables
  (including dry beans), spring-seeded small grains or small-
  seeded legumes and grasses the year following Anti-Weed
  application or injury may occur. 2) Following harvest of a treated
  crop, plow (moldboard or disk-plow) and thoroughly till the
  soil in the fall or spring to minimize possible injury to rotational
  spring-seeded crops. 3) Injury to rotational crops following
  application may occur on eroded hillsides, alkali outcroppings,
  gravelly areas and on soils in general with pH near or exceeding
  7.5. 4) Do not graze treated area or feed treated forage to live-
  stock tor 21 days following application.	
  Warning
  Keep out of reach of children.

  Irritating to skin, eyes, nose and throat. May be harmful if swal-
  lowed. May cause allergic skin reaction. Do not get in eyes, on
  skin or on clothing. Avoid breathing dust. Do not take internally.
  While handling, wear rubber gloves. In case of contact, flush skin
  or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention.
  Launder clothing before reuse. Avoid contamination of seed,
  feed and foodstuffs.

  This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, ponds and
  streams.

  Do not reuse container. Destroy when empty.
                                                           388

-------
                         DISPOSAL AND  STORAGE
                                   UNIT X
                     ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET


1.     2,4-D  label

       a.   Burying-Burning  bags containing even small amounts of 2,4-D could cause
           phytotoxicity from  smoke which is  carrying the 2,4-D vapor

       b.   Do not transport or store near seeds, fertilizers, insecticides, or fungicides.
           Vapors from this product may injure susceptible plants in the vicinity. Do
           not store near or with  food  stuffs

2.     Deetho label

       a.   Nonburnable

       b.   Triple rinse, crush,  and bury in a safe place or in a  local  landfill, if legal

       c.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       d.   Cauliflower,  brussels sprouts,  cabbage,  celery,  cucumber, head lettuce,
           melons, peanuts,  potatoes, summer squash,  or  tomato

3.     No-Disease  label

       a.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       b.   Do not allow this  pesticide  to become  wet  during  storage

       c.   Nonburnable

       d.   Crush and bury

4.     Anti-Weed  label

       a.   In original container in a dry, locked pesticide storage area away from food,
           feed,  and livestock

       b.   Burnable

       c.   Burn
                                            389

-------
                          DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
                                    UNIT  X
                                     TEST
1.     Match the terms on the  right to the correct definitions on the left. Place the
      appropriate numbers in the blanks provided.

      	a.  Easily injured
             b.  Act or  process  of  correctly discarding
                pesticides  and pesticide containers; can
                include  recycling, deposit-return, reuse,
                or burning

             c.  Pollute  or  make  unfit for use

             d.  Side towards which the prevailing wind
                is blowing

             e.  Liquid, such as water, kerosene, alcohol,
                or  dust,   which  "waters  down"  or
                weakens a  concentrated  pesticide

            _f.  Method  of  disposal of  pesticides and
                pesticide containers by sealing them in
                sturdy,   waterproof,    chemical-proof
                container which is then sealed in thick
                plastic,  steel,  or  concrete  to   resist
                damage  or breakage

             g.  To  make  unclean or  unsafe

                                    used  to  control
_h.  Pesticide  that  is
    unwanted plants
            j.  Package (bag, can,  or bottle) in which
                a pesticide is sold

            j.  Special  high-heat  furnace  or  burner
                which  reduces everything  to nontoxic
                ash  and gas

            _k.  Regular system of keeping track of and
                checking up on whether or not pesticides
                are  escaping  into the  environment

            J.  Method of  disposal  of  pesticides  by
                putting  them  within  the plow layer of
                soil  by  usual  tillage practices
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Soil
injection
Monitoring
system
Original
container
Pollute
Diluent
Contaminate
Sensitive
Disposal
Downwind
Encapsulation
Herbicide
Incinerator
                                      391

-------
2.     Name the classifications  for  disposal of empty pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
3.     Name steps to follow  when  rinsing pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
4.     Name three methods  for disposal of pesticides and  pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
5.     Discuss in a short paragraph the proper method for disposing of surplus pesticides.
6.     Name safety considerations when disposing of pesticides and pesticide containers.
       a.
       b.
       c.
7.     Name five requirements  of a  storage  area.
       a.
       b.
       c.
       d.
       e.
                                      392

-------
 8.      Discuss in a short paragraph  factors to consider in selecting a storage area.
 9.      Discuss in a short paragraph procedures for handling damaged containers in the
        storage area.
10.     Name factors to consider when arranging pesticide containers within the storage
        area.

        a.

        b.

        c.

        d.

        e.

11.     Name the reason for storing  herbicides separately.


12.     Interpret the following De-Weed label  by answering the  questions  below.

        a.   What classification is  this cardboard  carton  container?


        b.    How would you dispose of this container?
        c.   If you mixed too much  pesticide for your blueberries (5 Ibs per acre rate),
            on what  other  crop could you use it?
        d.   How should you  store this pesticide?
                                       393

-------
CO
CO
                                              PRECAUTIONARY
                                                 STATEMENTS

                                            HAZARDS TO HUMANS

                                                  (CAUTION)

                                       Harmful if swallowed. Avoid application
                                       directly to humans. Care should be taken
                                       to avoid inhalation of duit or spray mist,
                                       or prolonged contact with iktrt.  In case
                                       of contact, immediately flush ayes  or
                                       Skin  with targe amounts of water. Get
                                       medical  attention it  irritation persist*.
                                       Wear safety gogglas or face shield whan
                                       handling.

                                         ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

                                       Keep out  of lakes, streams, or pond*. Oo
                                       not apply when weather conditions favor
                                       drift  from target area.
                                            DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                         GENERAL CLASSIFICATION
                                        It is a violation of Federal low to us« this
                                        product in a manner inconsistent with its
                                          STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

                                       Do not contaminate water, food or feed
                                       by storage or disposal.  Open dumping is
                                       prohibited. Pesticide,  spray mixture, or
                                       rinsete that cannot'be used or chemically
                                       reprocessed  should be disposed of in a
                                       landfill approved for pesticides or buried
                                       in a safe place away from water supplies.
                                       Containers should be  disposed  of in an
                                       incinerator or landfill approved for pesti-
                                       cide containers, or buried in a safe place.
                                       Consult Federal, State, or local disposal
                                       authorities for approved alternate proce-
                                       dures such as limited open burning.
                          HERBICIDE
                    WETTABLE POWDER
                                                                                                ACTIVE INGREDIENT: weedout
                                                                                                INERT INGREDIENTS:
                                                                                                TOTAL:
                                                                                                                                         tri-azoic acid
                                                          80.0%
                                                          20.0%
                                                         100.0%
KEEP  OUT  OF  REACH   OF  CHILDREN

                    CAUTION

           STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
      IF INHALED Remove to fresh air.
      IF IN EYES Flush eyes with plenty of wa
      IF ON SKIN Remove clothing and wash w
                                        ith detergent and water.
                                                                                                                 MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
                                                                                                                      Aster,  Minnesota

                                                                                                         EPA ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-MN-l
                                                                                                            EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-41
       DIRECTIONS FOR USE

            CONTINUED

DeWaad Is for weed control in certain crops,
ornamental plantings, on Industrial sites, and
around-the-farm. It should be applied before
weeds emerge or following removal of weed
growth. It control! a wide variety of annual
broad leaf  and grass weeds when used et selec-
tive rates  in agricultural crop* and ornamental
plantings,  when used at higher, non-selective
rates in non crop areas. It also controls many
perennial broad leaf and gran weeds.

GROUND APPLICATION: Us* conventional
spray  equipment  with 80° flat-fan noiiles.
Screens in spray system should b* no finer
then 50 mesh. Us* a pump with capacity to
maintain 35-40  pti at noixtet. Use hydraulic
or mechanical agitation during mixing end ap-
plication  to maintain a uniform suspension.
Aerial application:  Use only  where specified
in the use directions.

BLUEBERRIES end CANEBERRIES (black-
berries, boytenberrlet, loganberries, raspber-
riesl-Quackgrass. Apply 5 Ibs per acre in the
fall or split the application applying 2tt Ibs
per acre in the fall plus 2M Ibt per acre in the
spring, when  quack grass is growing. Do not
apply when fruit is present.

ALFALFA-Pure alfalfa  less than one year
Old (Northeastern  U.S.  only )-Henbit. wild
mustard, chickweed, alyssum, downy brome,
wild oats, end pigweed. Pure alfalfa which has
been seeded in the spring (before June 1) may
be treated in the fall after the latt cutting but
before frozen ground conditions. Apply 1 Ib.
of Oe Weed per acre. For ground application
apply in a minimum of 2'/, gals, of water per
acre.

GRASSES GROWN FOR  SEED  (Pacific
Northwest only).   Perennial ryegrass,  tall
fescue end fine fescues,  such as Pennlawn,
Chewings, Ranier, and related species. Control
of broadleaf weeds and annual grasses includ-
ing annual ryegrats, rattail fescue, silver hair-
grass and  downy brome. Apply 2VI Ibs of

per acre as soon as fall rains start. Apply only
to grasses from which at least one seed crop
has been cut.

WEED CONTROL on industrial sites, high-
way medians, and shoulders, railroad rightt-of
way, lumber yards, and  in non-crop areas on
farms such as around buildings, fuel storege
areas, along  fences, roadsides,  and lanes.
Aerial application may  be mode where it  is
feasible. Use at least 1 0al of water tor each 1
Ib.  of OeWeed: use more water if practical
for both  ground end aerial  application. To
control annual broadleaf end grass weeds (in-
eluding  barnyard  grass,  cheat,  crabgres*.
lambsquarters, foxtail, ragweed, puncturevine,
and mullein), apply 6-12H Ibs. per acre. To
control most  annual  end  many perennial
broadleaf  and grass weeds (Including quack-
grass,  bluegrass. red to p.  burdock,  Canada
thistle, orcherdgreo, dogfennel, end plantain),
apply 12K-25 Ibs. per acre. To control herd.
to-kill perennial weeds (Including bull thlstl*
and sow thistle), apply 25-50  Ibs, per ecre.
                                                                                                                 NET WEIGHT FIVE POUNDS

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                          DISPOSAL AND STORAGE
                                    UNIT X
                             ANSWERS TO TEST

1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
7
8
6
9
e.
f.
g.
h.
5
10
4
11
i. 3
j. 12
k. 2
I. 1
2.    a.   Burnable containers
      b.   Nonburnable containers
      c.   Containers with mercury,  lead, cadmium, arsenic, or inorganic  pesticides
3.    a.   Empty the  container  into the tank  and let  it drain 30 seconds
      b.   Fill it one-fifth to one-fourth full of  water  or other diluent
      c.   Replace cap and rotate container to rinse all  sides
      d.   Drain rinse  from container into tank  and  let  drain for 30  seconds
      e.   Repeat rinse and drain  a  total of three (3)  times
4.    Any three of the following:
      a.   Open  burning
      b.   Burial
      c.   Recycling
      d.   Incineration in a special pesticide-approved  incinerator
      e.   Chemical degradation
      f.   Soil injection
      g.   Encapsulation
5.    Discussion  should include:
      a.   Try to find  other areas  with the same  problem and use up any extra tank
           mix, if you mix too  much  pesticide for a  job
      b.   Return unused pesticides to manufacturer
      c.   Use one  of  the other disposal  methods  listed  after consulting an expert
                                      395

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 6.     a.   Location  of sensitive areas,  especially streams,  ponds, and other water
            supplies
       b.   Personal  safety
       c.   Environmental safety
 7.     Any five of the  following:
       a.   Child-proof
       b.   Cool, dry, well-ventilated room or building
       c.   Fire-resistant
       d.   Fenced in or  at  least able to be locked
       e.   Warning  signs  posted on  doors and windows
       f.   Supplied  with detergent,  hand cleaner, and water
       g.   Supplied  with absorbent  materials, such  as sand, sawdust,  and paper
       h.   Supplied  with shovel, broom,  dust pan,  and fire extinguisher
 8.     Discussion should include:
       a.   Where water supply  will not be contaminated even  if there is an accident
            or  fire
       b.   Free  from flooding
       c.   Downwind and downhill  from sensitive area
       d.   No problem with runoff or  drainage
 9.     Discussion should include:
       a.   Check containers often for leaks, corrosion, and loose caps
       b.   Store pesticides  in  original  containers
       c.   Label any substitute containers with  the entire label
       d.   Keep partly  empty  pesticide  containers tightly  closed
       e.   Wear protective  clothing  and equipment
10.     a.   Separate  similar  containers to avoid  the chance of  a  mistake
       b.   Store containers  with  label in plain  sight
       c.   Store on shelves off the floor
       d.   Keep containers  in  upright position  to prevent  spills
       e.   Place containers  in  orderly rows
                                       396

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11.    Some herbicides, such as 2,4-D, can vaporize (become a gas) and get  into the
       other pesticides nearby

12.    a.   Burnable

       b.   Open burning if allowed by  federal,  state, and  local  laws. Otherwise, bury
            in  an approved landfill or  in  a safe place  away from water supplies or in
            an  incinerator

       c.   Caneberries

       d.   In original container in a  dry, locked pesticide storage area where water,
            food, and  feed  will not be  contaminated
                                       397

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                       RECORD  KEEPING  AND  LIABILITY
                                     UNIT  XI
                             TERMINAL OBJECTIVE
After completion of this unit, the student should be able to list reasons for keeping records
of pesticide use, complete standard record keeping form, name common claims brought
against applicators,  and describe things to do  when  involved in  a legal  problem. This
knowledge  will be evidenced through demonstration  and  by scoring eighty-five  percent
on the unit test.
                              SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

After completion of this  unit,  the  student  should  be able  to:

        1.     List reasons for  keeping  records of pesticide use.

        2.     List items of information needed for record keeping.

        3.     Name common  claims brought  against applicators.

        4.     List ways in which cross  contamination may occur.

        5.     Describe  things  to do when involved  in a  legal  problem.

        6.     Discuss insurance for pesticide  mishaps.

        7.     Complete a standard record keeping form.
                                       399

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                    RECORD KEEPING  AND LIABILITY
                                  UNIT  XI


                         SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES


  I.   Instructor:

      A.  Provide student with  objective sheet.

      B.  Provide student with  information and assignment sheets.

      C.  Make transparency.

      D.  Discuss terminal and  specific objectives.

      E.  Discuss information and assignment sheets.

      F.  Assign students a pesticide. Ask them to decide when the weather conditions
          would allow a "safe"  job  and fill in a record keeping form accordingly.

      G.  Hold a mock trial with students acting as defendent, lawyers, accusor, jury,
          etc.

      H.  Give  test.

  II.   Student:

      A.  Read objective sheet.

      B.  Study information sheet.

      C.  Complete assignment  sheet.

      D.  Take test.


                       INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS


  I.   Objective sheet

  II.   Information  sheet

 III.   Transparency master: TM  1--Spray  Record Sheet

 IV.   Assignment Sheet #1--Complete  Standard  Record  Keeping Form

  V.   Answers to assignment sheet

 VI.   Test

VII.   Answers to test
                                    401

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                  RECORD  KEEPING  AND LIABILITY
                                UNIT  XI
                         INFORMATION SHEET


 I.  Reasons for keeping records  of  pesticide  use

    A.   Help  in  finding an error if an error is made

    B.   Provide information to trace  residue and/or damage  problems

    C.   Help  save  money

    D.   Allow one to compare the results  obtained from different pesticides

    E.   Help  to  reduce pesticide misuse

    F.   Provide guide to buying  specific amount of pesticide needed

    G.   Establish  proof of  proper use in damage suit

II.  Items of information needed  for record  keeping (Transparency  1)

    A.   Date  and time  of  application

    B.   Area  or  target  treated and pest

    C.   Equipment used

    D.   Name of product, formulation, lot number, establishment number, and rate

    E.   Total  formulation  added  to tank or hopper

    F.   Amount of mixture used

    G.   Amount treated and  location

    H.   Additional comments

         (NOTE:  The more information included  on the record, the more useful
         the record will  be. Carry a notebook in the field to have all the information
         right  there in front of you.  Fill in a standard form to be sure you get
         all  the necessary data every time.)
                                  403

-------
                      INFORMATION  SHEET


Common  claims  brought against applicators

(NOTE:  In  many instances  you will  be both the grower and the applicator.
However,  the applicator may be a hired person or a neighbor with whom you
trade services.)

A.   Drift

     (NOTE:   Drifting  pesticides  are  a   major   cause  of  environmental
     contamination and  damage to nontarget areas.  In  general, the courts have
     held  the applicator and  the  grower who hired  him jointly liable in drift
     cases.  The  grower is   responsible  when he   hires or  contracts  for  a
     "particularly dangerous  operation,"  such as  the application of pesticides.
     However, the grower  may  file another suit against the applicator claiming
     that  the applicator agreed not to  cause drift  damage. The manufacturer
     of the  pesticide  may be held  liable in  drift cases in certain instances.  If
     the label doesn't clearly warn about the possibility of drift, the manufacturer
     may  share liability.)

B.   Crop injury

     (NOTE:  Claims  of  injury to  the crop that was  treated or claims that the
     pesticide  had   not  performed  as expected   involve  the  dealer,  the
     manufacturer, and  the  applicator.  The courts  must  decide which of the
     three recommended or guaranteed the product for  that specific use on that
     crop.  The  party  in  error must accept the  blame  and  pay  damages.
     Applicators must make sure that all the pesticides they use are recommended
     on the label for that  purpose. Then the  blame may be the manufacturer's.
     If the crop injury was not great or total, the  grower must show how much
     damage was from the pesticide and how much was from other conditions,
     such  as weather or disease. This breakdown  is  not necessary in cases with
     great or total injury.)

C.   Personal  injury

     (NOTE:  The application of pesticides is considered an especially dangerous
     or, in legal  terms, an "ultrahazardous"  activity. As  a result, the  pesticide
     applicator is liable  for any injury to a person from the pesticide. Usually
     the injured  person  can  recover damages  without proving negligence of the
     applicator. The  injured  party  must only prove  that  he is  free of  any
     negligence and did  not  assume the risk of pesticide exposure. Pest control
     operators or exterminators are sometimes a special  case. The liability in
     most cases  involving  personal  injury  or death depends  on  proving the
     applicator negligent.)

D.   Wrong  field

     (NOTE:  If  the  pesticide is applied on  a field, crop, or area  other than
     the one for which it was intended, serious problems can result. In the event
     that  damage or  overtolerance occurs or that the owner just didn't want
     the area treated, the  applicator may be charged with trespass. Defense  is
     very  difficult. Double check  on address, field location, and all landmarks
     before  you  or your hired person treat an area.  Applying pesticides to the
     wrong  field can  be costly.)
                              404

-------
                          INFORMATION  SHEET
     E.   Bees

          (NOTE: Honeybees are very important  to  the  grower and  often  he has
          his  own colonies or hives.  Unfortunately,  bees are insects  and are very
          susceptible to  many pesticides. If the bees  in hives are killed as the result
          of drift from nearby fields, the applicator is  usually held legally responsible.
          Often he must pay damages. However, if the bees contacted  the pesticides
          while in the sprayed fields, the applicator  may not be liable.  The courts
          have sometimes ruled  that the bee  is trespassing and that the land doesn't
          need to be safe to uninvited animals. Play it safe! Know where the beehives
          are  located in  your area.  Protect your hives and your neighbor's hives by
          relocating  or covering  them  before  you spray.)

     F.   Attractive  nuisance

          (NOTE: The rulings on  "attractive  nuisance" usually involve  cases when
          children are attracted to ground equipment or aircraft and injure  themselves.
          The owner and/or applicator are held liable for leaving the "nuisance" where
          a child could be "attracted" to it. In one case, a young boy, seeing a small
          airplane parked in  the  corner of an  airport, took his ax and chopped the
          plane into several pieces.  Unfortunately, at  one  point  the  hatchet hit the
          plane, then slipped and  cut  his foot.  The court  under the  "attractive
          nuisance"  claim awarded  the boy $5,000 from the airplane's  owner.)

     G.   Noise

          (NOTE: Claims have been brought  against  applicators for noise damage.
          Owners of mink, poultry, turkey, and occasionally cattle  claim injury to
          their animals from fright caused by noise of  aircraft and ground equipment
          operating above or near their ranch. They must prove direct loss of property
          due to noise from  machinery operated  carelessly or negligently. In some
          cases, the ranch owner  will claim that an applicator made an unlawful flight
          over his property without his permission. This  is especially important in
          aerial applications  when   pullups  over  nearby property are  necessary.
          Successful  defense  is possible when the applicator can  show that the noise
          wasn't the cause  of  injury  or that  no injury occurred.)

IV.   Ways in  which  cross contamination may  occur

     (NOTE:  Every  year there  are  cases where a pesticide contains  not only the
     pesticide named  on the  label  but also another  pesticide as  well.)

     A.   Manufacturer may  make a mistake  in labeling or formulating the product

     B.   Applicator  may make a mistake in mixing or filling in the spray tank or
          he  may not have removed from the tank all the pesticide left over from
          the  last application
                                    405

-------
                          INFORMATION SHEET
     C.   Open container of herbicides, such as 2,4D, can vaporize (become a gas)
         and  penetrate  other  pesticides which are stored nearby

         (NOTE:  The applicator must know which container of pesticide was used
         on the crop so that  laboratory tests can be made. The lab tests can show
         whether  the  contamination occurred during mixing and filling or earlier.
         In cases  involving herbicide contamination, it is difficult to prove whether
         it is  the  result of vaporization during storage or a manufacturer formulation
         error. The courts must decide who is to blame.)

V.   Things to do  when involved in a legal  problem

     A.   Examine records  to make sure that you were actually operating in the area
         at the time of the  alleged injury

     B.   Make sure that all of your records are  up-to-date, particularly as to" the
         identity  of the equipment used, temperatures, wind direction and velocity,
         and  all  other pertinent data

     C.   Proceed  to  the   scene  immediately and  make  notes of all  essential
         information

     D.   Record   any  adverse  conditions  that you  observe at  the time  of your
         investigation,  particularly  insect  infestations,  disease,  water  stress,  late
         planting,  carry-over  effect from  other materials or herbicides,  and age of
         crop

     E.   Use  close-up color photography  to  record any adverse condition found

         (NOTE:  The close-ups are necessary so  that symptoms can be examined
         by  an expert.)

     F.   Save the container from which the product used on  the job was  removed

         (NOTE:  If it is not practical to save the whole container, use close-up color
         photography to  record the  label.)

     G.   Request  permission  to have  an expert examine the crop or the property
         in order to have the benefit of  his opinion

         (NOTE:  This should be done if you do not  have insurance for the  loss
         involved.)

     H.   Notify the chemical  company immediately so they can  send their experts
         to the site  if  they  are involved

     I.   Obtain  the  names and addresses of all  witnesses who might testify as to
         the  nature of  the operation  and the conditions of  the crop  before  and
         after application
                                   406

-------
                          INFORMATION  SHEET





VI.  Insurance  for  pesticide mishaps



     A.   Types of insurance  plans



              1.   Bodily  injury



              2.   Property damage



              3.   Restricted  chemical  liability



              4.   Comprehensive chemical



     B.   Points to consider



              1.   Cost



              2.   Benefits



              3.   Drawbacks
                                   407

-------
                                      Spray  Record  Sheet
        Date
        and
        Time
Area  or
Target
Treated
and
Pest
Equipment
Pesticide  Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg.  Number, EPA
Est. Number,  &
Rate  (per acre,per 100
     gallons, etc.)
Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper
Amount
of
Mixture
Used
Amount
Treated
and
Location
  Additional
  Comments
(Weather, applicator,
severity of infestion,
etc.)
                                                   c
                                                                                             70 *,
O
CO

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                      RECORD KEEPING AND  LIABILITY
                                   UNIT XI
  ASSIGNMENT SHEET  #1--COMPLETE STANDARD RECORD  KEEPING FORM
Complete the standard form based on the information below and the labels on the following
pages.

(NOTE:  The student  should use his/her last name as the owner of the fields.)
    You sprayed your 6 acre potato field located north of the house for cabbage looper
    using De-Metho.  You used a low pressure boom  sprayer and sprayed on May  15,
    1974, at 8:00 a.m.  You had a  150 gallon tank and added 6 quarts to the tank.
    It  took  you 30  minutes.  The wind was  calm; no nearby crops or weeds were in
    bloom; and there was a heavy infestation.

    You sprayed your snap beans for white  rot on  May 15, 1974,  at 9:00 a.m. You
    used a boom sprayer and sprayed all 10 acres of beans in the field southeast of
    the barn. You were expecting a severe infestation and  added 20 pounds of No-Disease
    to your 400 gallon tank. It took you  an  hour, the wind was calm; no nearby crops
    or weeds were in bloom.
Date
and
Time



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest



Equipment



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate (per acre.pir 100
gallons. «tc.)



Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper



Amount
of
Mixture
Used



Amount
Treated
and
Location



Additional
Comments
(WHthw. ipplkatof.
••verity of infntion,
•tc.)



 1.
 2.
                                     411

-------
N)
      PRECAUTIONARY

        STATEMENTS

    HAZARDS TO HUMANS

          (DANGER)
POlfpnout by ^wallowing or Inhalation.
Do not breathe iprty mlit. Do not get In
eye*. Avoid contact with thin. UM only
when weerlng the following protective
eaulpment end clothing. Weer tightly-
woven cotton ov«reilt, waterproof het,
unlined neoprene giovet end boott. Weer
tafetv floggiei and/or face thleld. Wear e
math or retplrator Jointly approved by
the * Mining  Enforcement and  Safety
Adminimetion end  by the  National
Inititute for Occupational Safeiy end
Health. Before removing glovot, wath
them with detergent and water. Alwayt
wath handt. face and ermi with deter-
gent end weter before tmoking, eating
or  drinking. For emergency aitlltanfa,
cell OOO 000-0000.
TO PHYSICIAN. O Matho it a 'avertible
choiintmterete inhibitor.  Oo  not  uw
OHimet tuch ai 2-*AM. Qtve Atropine 2
mg. Intravenouttv of tubcutaneoutly. If
in eye, inttitl one drop of Mo ma tr opine.
Clot* tupervition of  the patient it indi-
cated for at le«t 40 hour*.

 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
Tnit peitlcide It toa.c to wildlife  and
fith. Ute with care when applying In
•reat frequented by wildlife or  adjacent
to any body of water. Keep out of Hket.
ftreamt or pondt. Oo not apply where
runoff i* lihely to occur. Oo not apply
when weather condition* favor drift
ftom target area. Do not contaminate
weter by cleaning of equipment or dit*
POtal of wettet.


   PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL

          HAZARDS
                                      DIRECTIONS FOR USE
                                  It i»e violetlon of Federal lew to u*e thta
                                  product in • menner Incontinent with in
                                  labeling.

                                      RE-ENTRY STATEMENT
                                        (IF APPLICABLE)
                                   CATEGORY OF APPLICATOR
                                        (IF APPLICABLE)
                                    STORAGE AND DISPOSAL
                                 STORAGE -Do not contaminate weter,
                                 food, or feed by storage or dtapotel,
                                 Open dumping it prohibited. OtSPOS-
                                 AL-*Mtlcide, apray mlatur*. or rlnaat*
                                 ttwt cannot be uaerJ or chemlceJIy repro-
                                 canad *>iowW be dlwoted of In a landfill
                                 approved *ar pMtkldee or buried In e
                                 tefe piece ewav  from weter Mpptioa,
                                 Conteinert thouid be triple rbiMd er»o
                                 offered for recycling,  recondltlonlnt, «r
                                 dlipoiU In epprmxd iMwjf lu or bwrled tn
                                 eevfepleee.
                                 CaWMult federal. Itate or locei OlapoeaJ
                                                                                        RESTRICTED   USE  PESTICIDE

                                                                                           FOR RETAIL SALE TO AND APPLICATION ONLY BV
                                                                                         CERTIFIED APPLICATORS OR PERSONS UNDER THEIR
                                                                                                          DIRECT SUPERVISION
                                                                                                                METHO
                       INSECTICIDE   r
              Emulsifiable  Concentrate

    ACTIVE INGREDIErtf:/  MEl
    INERT INGjUJ&O^rm:
    TOTAL:  "^ J>

            Net Content:  50  gallons
                                                                                                                                          100%
                            .8 LBS OF DE METHO PER GALLON
                           TRADEMARK OF  A-Z CORPORATION
                  OF  REACH  OF  CHILDREN
         DANGER  -  POISON
                                                                                         DIRECTIONS FOB USE

                                                                                             CONTINUED

                                                                                         SPRAY PREPARATION

                                                                                    fttl iprav unk K to H M ol MMT. AM Og
                                                                                    Matte dtraetlv to aprey ant and mti tf*or>
                                                                                    ouehh/. Mine, machankal or hydra*!* meant;
                                                                                    do not UM ab agitation.

                                                                                             APPLICATION


                                                                                    tint appear Unlw oilwnmM noted, continue
                                                                                    application* M  ft-  to 7-day Interve*)  or •
                                                                                    needed. UM MfffcMitt v-jwr 11-11 g*i per
                                                                                    •en by elr) to obtain thorona*!. uniform cov-
                                                                                    erage. Aunty (he tow mat on amen plann,
                                                                                    •nail worm* and light knfetutiom ol btMcn.
                                                                                    UM iniermduta ratal on larger worm* and
                                                                                    heavier infeiuttoni of rmecti. Uet 1 w I ap-
                                                                                    pliciiiona ol the nignett recomrnanded rate
                                                                                    lor controlimf MWI inlMtaiiont. Thertettar,
                                                                                    UM I'M towMi rau p
                                                                                    trol.
                                                                                                                                                                                NOTICE TO BUYER
                                                                                                                                                                         teller wwrmi
end to rwaonebtv fit for pwpoaai nawd on
ftjch label onty when uaad In accordence taltM
direetiona under normal UM condition*. Thai
warranty doei not ••tend to UM of thai prod-
uct contrary to label UM dweet
tumet ell ritk of any twch uta. Seller maket no
other werreniiet. e«pnH« or imptted.


righti undar patent! ol countriet outaWk of
tha United Statea.

          CROP USAGE
                                                                                                                                  m
                                                                                                                                  •z.
                                                                                                                                  H
                                                                                                                                  (/)
                                                                                                                                  I
                                                                                               STATEMENT OF PRACTICAL TREATMENT
IF SWALLOWED • Induce vomiting by giving a tablnpoonful of te
  warm water.  Repeat until vomitus ti clear  C»H a phyiician
IF  IN EYES • Fluth eyet with plenty
   phytieian immediately-
IF  ON SKIN • In cet* of contact, remo
   wash tkin with toap and water.
                               e contaminated clothing and i
             SEE SIDE PANEL FOR ADDITIONAL
               PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
                  MFC BY A-Z CHEMICALS
               PEST TOWN,  VERMONT

         ESTABLISHMENT NO. 1357-VT-1
         EPA REGISTRATION NO. 1357-43

                                                                                                                                                                                          LUT amiCATKM OAYI

-------
                                          DIRECTIONS
CO
                     No-Diiease  Benomyl Fungicide  should  be  used only  in accordance
                     with recommendations on this label,  or in separate published Kill-Dead
                     recommendations available through local dealers.
               No-Disease Fungicide is recommended for the control of many
important plant diseases. As a foliar treatment, it provides  systemic, curative
(eradicant). and protective action. II treatment is not effective following use of
No-Disease w rocommanded, a tolerant strain of fungi may be present (contact
your Kill-Dead representative): consideration should be given to  prompt use of
other suitable fungicides.
Apply as a spray (except as otherwise directed), using sufficient water to obtain
thorough coverage of the plants. For aerial application (peanuts and sugar beets
only), use 5 to 10 gals, per acre. Under severe disease conditions, use the higher
rate and shorter interval specified for each crop; also, for tree crops, use the higher
rate for large mature trees.
Add required amount of No-Disease to a partially filled spray tank agitated by
hydraulic or mechanical  means:  continuous agitation is required to keep the
material in suspension. Do not use alkaline pesticides, such as basic copper sul
fate, Bordeaux mixture, or lime sulfur, as a tank mixture with
ALMONDS: Drown Rot Blossom Blight-Apply 1 to I"? Ibs. per acre at pink
bud. Under severe disease conditions and on highly susceptible varieties, make a
second application during half-to-full bloom.
APPLES, PEARS: Apply ZOO to 500 gals, of spray per acre with hydraulic
ground  equipment  or  equivalent  amount  of  No-Disease per  acre  with
sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Sub (Apples), Powdery Mildew, Sooty Btotch. Ftyspecli-Use 4 to 6 oz. per 100
gals, at W' green tip and repeat at 7- to 14.day intervals (or as needed) through
the cover sprays. If an application is missed and an infection period has occurred.
apply 6 oz. per 100 gals, as soon as possible after the infection period in order to
deactivate scab and  to prevent further infection. With Golden Delicious apples.
adverse effects on fruit finish and color mjy result: if finish and color are  of
primary importance,  do not use more than 4 oz. per 100 gals.
Poithmrest Fruit Roti (Botrytis sp.. Pentcillium ip.. Gloeosporium sp.)-Make a
single application of 6 oz. per 100 gals. 1  to 3 weeks before harvest. For additional
protection of fruit to be held in storage, thoroughly wet harvested fruit by clipping
or spraying  at 8 oz.  per 100 gals.
Overwintering Scab (Apples)-Apply 8 oz. per 100 gals, after harvest but before
leat drop. Thorough wetting of foliage is necessary.
BEANS (SNAP): White Rot (Sclr-otinia), Gray Mold (Botrytis)-Apply I1'! to 2
Ibs. per acre at 25%  to 50% bloom: repeat  at peak bloom. Do not apply within
14 days of harvest: do not graze or feed treated bean vines or hay to livestock.
CUCURBITS—CUCUMBERS. MELONS,  SUMMER  AND
WINTER SQUASH: Gummy Stem Blight. Powdery Mildew. Anthracnose
—Apply 4 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin applications when plants begin to run or when
disease first appears, and repeat at 7- to 14-day intervals as needed.
MACADAMIA NUTS (HAWAII): Botrytis Blossom Blight-Apply ]>. Ibs.
per acre: a surfactant may be added to  the spray to improve wetting of  foliage.
Begin applications 1  to 2 weeks prior to  bloom, and repeat at  7- to 14 day inter-
vals through the bloom period.
MANGOES: Anthracnose—Apply 1 to 2 Ibs. per acre.  Begin applications  at
lirst appearance of panicles (approx. 2" long),  and repeat at weekly intervals until  all
fruits are set. Continue al 3 to 4-week intervals. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
MUSHROOMS: Vertkillium Spot (Dry BubMe)-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, and
apply to bed surface  at the rate of 12W gals, per 1000 sq.  ft. Apply immediately
after casing and repeat at pinning; alternatively, if disease has occurred, apply to
beds a'ter picking and repeat lOdays later. Do not apply within 2 days of harvest.
PEANUTS: Cartospora Leafspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin application
35 to 40 days after planting or when disease first appears, and repeat at 14- to 21-
day intervals as needed. Do not apply within 14 days of harvest.
                                               COMT1KUU OM MONT PANCL
                                                                                                      NO-DISEASE
                                                                                            BENOMYL      FUNG
                                                                                                                   Wettable  Powder
                                                                                            ACTIVE INGREDIENT
                                                                                             Benomyl [Methyl 1 •(butylcarbamoyl)-
                                                                                             2-benzimidazolecarbam ite]
                                                                                            INERT INGREDIENTS
                                                                                            u.s, f.»,. I.MI.M i i.iii.i*   EPA Est. 1352-WV-1
                     .50%
              	50%
EPA Reg. No. 1352-354-AA
                                                                                                                Keep out of reach of children.

                                                                                                 CAUTION ! MAY IRRITATE EYES.  NOSE. THROAT. AND SKIN.
                                                                                            Avoid breathing dust or spray mist. Avoid contact with skin. eyes, and clothing,
                                                                                                     Wash thoroughly after using. Keep away from fire or sparks.

                                                                                            In case of contact, flush skin or eyes with plenty of water: for eyes, get medical
                                                                                            attention.

                                                                                            IMPORTANT—Never allow No-Disease to become wet during storage. This may lead
                                                                                            to certain chemical changes which will reduce the effectiveness of No-Disease as a fungi-
                                                                                            cide. Keep container closed when not in use. Do not re-use container: crush and
                                                                                            bury when empty.
                                                                                            This product is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, or ponds. Do not apply
                                                                                            when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water
                                                                                            by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.
                                                                                                              NET  50  LBS.
                                                                                            B 21150   B-73A
                                                                                                                                          Made in U.S.A.  Printed in U.S.A.
                                                                                                 KILL-DEAD   CHEMICALS
                                                                                                      Chemical City,  West Virginia
PECANS: Pecan Sob. Brawn leafspot. Downy Spot Powdery *»*»  *W»t
l/i to 1 Ib. per acre; use the higher rate for trees over 30 ft. tall. A surfactant may be
added to the spray to improve wetting of foliage. Apply at prepollinatJon when
young leaves are unfolding, when small nuts are forming, and thereafter at 3- to 4-
week intervals. Do not apply after shucks split.
PINEAPPLE: Pineapple Butt Rot (TMetavfopels paradoxa)-Use 1V4 Ibs. per
100 gals, of water as preplant dip treatment. Immerse seedpieces to give thorough
wetting: remove and allow to drain.
STONE FRUITS-APRICOTS. CHERRIES,  NECTARINES,
PEACHES, PLUMS, PRUNES: Apply 150 to 400 gals, of spray per aoe
with hydraulic  ground equipment or equivalent amount  of No-Disease
per acre with concentrate  sprayers. Do not graze livestock in treated orchards.
Brown Rot Blossom Blight. Fruit Brown Rot-Use 1 Ib. per 100 gals, (in combina-
tion with dormant oil) as a delayed dormant treatment prior to bud break. Use Vi
Ib. per 100 gals, at early bloom (popcorn, red bud. or green tip) and at full bloom;
apply 1 or 2 additional sprays beginning 3 weeks before harvest.
For following diseases, use the same schedule as for Brown Rot plus additional ap-
plications of Vi ib. per 100 gals, as indicated: Peach Scab—shuck split and shuck
fall: Powdery Mildew-shuck fall and first cover; Cherry Leaf Spot-2 to 3 weeks
after harvest.
Postharvest Fruit Rots-Dip or spray fruit thoroughly as soon as possible after har-
vest; use 14 Ib. per 100 gats. No-Disease does not control fruit rots caused by fttii-
zopus spp. and AHemaria spp.
STRAWBERRIES: Gray Mold (Botrytis), Powdery Mftdew. Leaf Scorch. Leaf
Blight, Leaf Spot-Apply 1 Ib. per acre at 10% bloom and at full bloom; continue at
10- to 14'day intervals, using f/i Ib. per acre. Anthracnose— Apply 1 Ib. per acre
when plants are established (plant bed or field) and repeat at 7-day intervals.
SUGAR BEETS: Cercospora Lelfspot-Apply 6 to 8 oz. per acre. Begin ap-
plication when disease first appears and repeat at 14- to 21-day intervals as
needed.  Do not apply within 21 days of harvest.'
SUGARCANE (HAWAII): Pineapple Disease (Ceratocystts paradoxa>-Appfy
to cut seed pieces either as a cold dip or hot dip.
  Cold Dip-Use  8 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:1600). Immerse seedpieces to give
  thorough wetting; remove and allow to drain.
  Hot Dip—Use 4 oz. per 100 gals, of water (1:3200). Maintain temperature of the
  dip at 50*C. Soak seedpieces for 20 to 30 minutes; remove and allow to drain.
Note: Do not use treated seedpieces for food or feed purposes.
ROSES  (Powdery  Mildew.  Black Spot);  FLOWERS.  ORNAMEN-
TALS (Powdery MiMew,  Botrytis Gray Mold): Field and Greenhouse-Use 8 oz.
per 100 gals, of water (1 tablespoonful per 2 gals.); for Black Spot of roses, use
1 Ib. per 100 gals. Apply when disease first appears and repeat at 10- to 14-day
intervals throughout the growing season; shorten interval during humid, rainy weather.
Addition of a surfactant to the spray mixture enhances curative action of the fungi-
cide, and improves distribution of the spray on hard-to-wet plants such as roses.
BULBS (Easter Lily. Tutip. Gladiolus. Daffodil. Irta); Fusartum and PMridHum
Rots-Use 1^ Ibs. per 100 gals, of water (2 tablespoonfuls per gal.). Soak cleaned
bulbs for 15 to 30 minutes in warm dip (80 to 85°F.). preferably within 48 hours
after digging. Dry bulbs after treatment. If bulbs are for forcing, treat after butbs
have been heat-cured.
NOTICE TO BUYER-Seller warrants  that this product conforms to the
chemical description on the label thereof and is reasonably fit for purposes stated
on such label only when used in accordance with directions under normal use con-
ditions. This warranty does not extend to use of this product contrary to label use
directions, or under abnormal use conditions, or under conditions not reasonably
foreseeable to seller; buyer assumes all risk of any such use. Seller makes no other
warranties, express or implied.
Purchase of this material does not confer any rights under patents of countries
outside of the United States.
m
                                                                                                           en
                                                                                                           I

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RECORD KEEPING AND  LIABILITY
           UNIT XI
ANSWERS TO ASSIGNMENT SHEET
Date
and
Time

5-15-75
8:00-
8:30
AM

5-15-74
9:00-
10:00
AM


Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest
Student's
last name
Potato
field for
cabbage
looper

Student's
last name
Beanfield
for white
rot


Equipment

Low pressure
boom
spray
25 gal/acre

Boom
sprayer
40 gal/acre



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate (per acre.per 100
gallons, etc.)
De Metho EC,
A-2 Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1357-43 EPA
Est. No. 1357-
VT-1
2 pts./acre
No- Disease WP
Kill-Dead
Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1352-354-AA
EPA Est. No.
1352-WV-1
Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper
6 qts. or
12 pts. of
1.8EC

20 Ib.
of
50% WP



Amount
of
Mixture
Used

150 gal.


400 gal.




Amount
Treated
and
Location

6 acres
Field north
of house

10 acres
Field
southeast
of barn



Additional
Comments
(Weather, applicator.
leverity of infection.
ate.)
Wind calm, no
crops or weeds
in bloom,
heavy
infestation

Heavy
infestation,
wind calm,
no nearby
crops or weeds
in bloom
             415

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                    RECORD  KEEPING AND  LIABILITY
                                  UNIT XI
                                    TEST

1.     List  four  reasons for keeping records  of  pesticide  use.
      a.
      b.
      c.
      d.
2.     List  four  items  of  information needed for  record  keeping.
      a.
      b.
      c.
      d.
3.     Name three common claims  brought against applicators.
      a.
      b.
      c.
4.     List  the  ways in which  cross contamination may occur.
      a.
      b.
      c.
5.     Describe  three things to do  when involved  in  a legal problem.
      a.

      b.
      c.
                                    417

-------
6.
Discuss  insurance for pesticide mishaps.
7.    Complete the  following standard  record  keeping form using  the  information
      below.

      Mr.  Green sprayed his 100 calves for hornflies on June 4, I975, at 8:00 a.m.
      He used a power sprayer which held 25 gallons of water.  Fly-Off 50 WP was
      the  pesticide used at 2#/25 gallons of water. The chemical was manufactured
      by A - Z; the EPA Registration  Number was 1357-375 and the EPA Establishment
      Number was 1357-WV-1. It took  2 hours;  the  weather was clear; infestation
      was  light. The wind  was eight  miles per hour.
Date
and
Time



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest



Equipment



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate (per acre.per 100
gallons, etc.)



Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper



Amount
of
Mixture
Used



Amount
Treated
and
Location



Additional
Comments
(Weather, applicator.
severity of infection,
etc.l



                                    418

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                    RECORD  KEEPING  AND  LIABILITY
                                  UNIT  XI
                            ANSWERS TO TEST

1.     Any four of the following:
      a.   Help in finding an error if  an  error is  made
      b.   Provide  information to trace residue and/or damage problems
      c.   Help save money
      d.   Allow one  to  compare the  results obtained from different pesticides
      e.   Help to reduce pesticide misuse
      f.   Provide  guide  to buying  specific amount of pesticide needed
      g.   Establish proof of  proper use in damage suit
2.     Any four of the following:
      a.   Date and time of  application
      b.   Area or target  treated  and pest
      c.   Equipment  used
      d.   Name of product, formulation, lot number, establishment number, and rate
      e.   Total  formulation  added  to  tank or hopper
      f.   Amount of mixture used
      g.   Amount treated and  location
      h.   Additional  comments
3.     Any three of the  following:
      a.   Drift
      b.   Crop injury
      c.   Personal injury
      d.   Wrong  field
      e.   Bees
      f.   Attractive nuisance
      q.   Noise
                                    419

-------
4.     a/.   Manufacturer may make  a  mistake  in labeling or formulating the product

       b.   Applicator may make a mistake in mixing or filling in the spray tank or
           he  may  not have removed from the tank all the pesticide left over from
           the  last  application

       c.   Open container of herbicides, such as 2,4D, can vaporize  (become a gas)
           and  penetrate  other  pesticides which are stored nearby

5.     Any three of the following:

       a.   Examine records to make sure that you were actually operating in the area
           at the time  of the alleged  injury

       b.   Make sure that all of your  records are  up-to-date, particularly as  to the
           identity  of the equipment used, temperatures, wind direction and velocity,
           and  other pertinent  data

       c.   Proceed  to  the  scene  immediately  and  make   notes  of all  essential
           information

       d.   Record  any  adverse conditions that you observe at the  time of your
           investigation,  particularly  insect  infestations,  disease, water  stress,  late
           planting, carry-over effect  from other materials or herbicides,  and  age of
           crop

       e.   Use  close-up color photography to  record  any adverse  condition  found

       f.   Save the container from  which the product used on the job was removed

       g.   Request permission to have  an expert examine the crop or the property
           in order to  have the benefit of  his  opinion

       h.   Notify the chemical  company immediately so they can send their experts
           to the site  if  they are involved

       i.   Obtain  the  names and addresses  of all witnesses who might testify as to
           the  nature of  the operation and the conditions of the crop  before  and
           after application

6.     Discussion should include:

       a.   Types of insurance plans

                1)   Bodily injury

                2)   Property damage

                3}   Restricted  chemical liability

                4)   Comprehensive chemical
                                     420

-------
      b.   Points  to  consider



                1)   Cost



                2)   Benefits



                3)   Drawbacks
7.
Date
and
Time

6-4-75
8:00-
10:00
AM



Area or
Target
Treated
and
Pest

Green's
Calves,
hornflies



Equipment

Power
sprayer
with single
nozzle gun



Pesticide Name &
Formulation, EPA
Reg. Number, EPA
Est. Number, &
Rate {per acre.per 100
gallons, etc.)
Fly-Off 50 WP
A-Z Chemicals
EPA Reg. No.
1357-375, EPA
Est. No. 1357
WV-1
2 lbs./25 gals.

Total
Formulation
Added To
Tank or
Hopper

2 Ibs. of
50% WP




Amount
of
Mixture
Used

25 gal.





Amount
Treated
and
Location

100 calves





Additional
Comments
(Weather, applicator.
severity of infestion,
otc.l

Weather clear.
infestation
light, wind
8 mph



                                     421

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              United States          Washington, D.C. 20460
              Environmental Protection     April 1976
              Agency
3&EPA       The Federal
              Insecticide,
              Fungicide,  and
              Rodenticide  Act
              As Amended
              Public Law 92-516
              October 21, 1972
              as amended by
              Public Law 94-140
              November 28, 1975

-------
               Public Law 92-516, 92nd Congress, H.R. 10729, October 21, 1972
               as amended by
               Public Law 94-140, 94th Congress, H.R. 8841, November 28, 1975
                                                                         86 STAT. 973-999


               To  amend the  Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,  and  Rodenticide  Act, and  for other
                                                purposes.
Federal
Environmental
Pesticide
Control Act
of Itn.
 « Stet. 1CS;
 78 Stet. 190.
  Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in  Congress assembled, That this  Act may be  cited as
the "Federal Environmental Pesticide Control  Act of  1972".


    AMENDMENTS TO FEDERAL INSECTICIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTICIDE ACT

  SEC. 2. The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C.
136 et seq.)  is amended to read as follows:

-------
"SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS.

   "(a)  SHORT  TITLE.—This Act  may be cited  as the 'Federal  Insecticide,
Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act'.
   " (b)  TABLE OF CONTENTS.—

"Section 1. Short title and table of contents.
                "(a)  Short title.
                "(b)  Table of contents.
"Sec. 2.  Definitions.
             "(a)  Active  ingredient.
             "(b)  Administrator.
             "(c)  Adulterated.
             "(d)  Animal.
             "(e)  Certified applicator, etc.
                      "(1)  Certified applicator.
                      "(2)  Private applicator.
                      "(3)  Commercial applicator.
                      "(4)  Under  the  direct supervision  of  a certified  applicator.
             "(f)  Defoliant.
             "(g)  Desiccant.
             "(h)  Device.
             "(i)  District court.
             "(j)  Environment.
             "(k)  Fungus.
             "(I) Imminent hazard.
             "(m) Inert ingredient.
             "(n)  Ingredient statement.
             "(o)  Insect.
             "(p)  Label and labeling.
                      "(I)  Label.
                      "(2)  Labeling.
             "(q)  Misbranded.
             "(r)  Nematode.
             "(s)  Person.
             "(t)  Pest.
             "(u)  Pesticide.
             "(v)  Plant regulator.
             "(w) Producer and produce.
             "(x)  Protect health and the environment.
             "(y)  Registrant.
             "(z)  Registration.
             "(aa) State.
             "(bb) Unreasonable adverse effects on  the environment.
             "(cc)  Weed.
             "(dd) Establishment.
"Sec. 3.  Registration of pesticides.
             "(a)  Requirement.
             "(b)  Exemptions.
             "(c)  Procedure for registration.
                      "(1)  Statement required.
                      "(2)  Data in support of registration.
                      "(3)  Time for acting with respect to application.
                      "(4)  Notice of application.
                      "(5)  Approval of registration.
                      "(6)  Denial of registration.
             "(d)  Classification  of pesticides.
                      "(1) Classification for general use, restricted use, or both.
                      "(2) Change in classification.
             "(e)  Products with same formulation and claims.
             "(f) Miscellaneous.
                      "(1) Effect of change of labeling or formulation.
                      "(2) Registration not a defense.
                      "(3) Authority to consult other Federal agencies.
"Sec. 4.  Use of restricted  use pesticides; certified applicators.
             "(a)  Certification procedure.
                      "(1) Federal certification.
                      "(2) State certification.
             "(b)  State plans.
             " (c)  Instruction in integrated  pest management techniques.
"Sec. S.  Experimental use permits.
             "(a)  Issuance.
             "(b)  Temporary tolerance level.
             "(c)  Use under permit.
             "(d)  Studies.
             "(e) Revocation.


                                                      1

-------
             " (t)  Slate issuance ol permits.
             " (g)  Exemption for agricultural research agencies.
"Sec. 6. Administrative review; suspension.
             "(a)  Cancellation after five years.
                       "(1)  Procedure.
                       "(2)  Information.
             " (b)  Cancellation and change in classification.
             "(c)  Suspension.
                       "(1)  Order.
                       "(2)  Expedite hearing.
                       "(3)  Emergency order.
                       "(4)  Judicial review.
             "(d)  Public hearings and scientific review.
             "(e)  Judicial review.
"Sec. 7. Registration of establishments.
             "(a)  Requirement.
             "(b)  Registration.
             "(c)  Information required.
             "(d)  Confidential records and information.
"Sec. 8. Books and records.
             "(a)  Requirements.
             "(b)  Inspection.
"Sec. 9. Inspection of establishments,  etc.
             "(a)  In general.
             "(b)  Warrants.
             "(c)  Enforcement.
                       "(1)  Certification of facts to Attorney General.
                       "(2)  Notice not required.
                       "(3)  Warning notices.
"Sec. 10. Protection of trade secrets and other information.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Disclosure.
               " (c)  Disputes.
"Sec. II. Standards  applicable to  pesticide applicators.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Separate standards.
"Sec. 12. Unlawful acts.
               "(a)  In general.
               "(b)  Exemptions.
"Sec. 13. Stop sale,  use,  removal, and seizure.
               "(a)  Stop sale, etc.,  orders.
               "(b)  Seizure.
               "(c)  Disposition after condemnation.
               "(d)  Court costs, etc.
"Sec. 14. Penalties.
               "(a)  Civil penalties.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Private applicator.
                        "(3)  Hearing.
                        "(4)  References to Attorney General.
               "(b)  Criminal penalties.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Private applicator.
                        "(3)  Disclosure of information.
                        "(4)  Acts of officers, agents, etc.
"Sec. 15. Indemnities.
               "(a)  Requirement.
               "(b)  Amount of payment.
                        "(1)  In general.
                        "(2)  Special rule.
"Sec. 16. Administrative procedure; judicial review.
               "(a)  District court review.
               " (b)  Review by Court of Appeals.
               " (c)  Jurisdiction of district courts.
               "(d)  Notice of judgments.
"Sec.  17. Imports and exports.
               " (a)  Pesticides and devices intended for export.
               "(b)  Cancellation notices furnished to foreign governments.
               " (c)  Importation of pesticides and  devices.
               "(d)  Cooperation  in international efforts.
               "(e)  Regulations.
"Sec.  18. Exemption of  Federal agencies.
"Sec.  19. Disposal and transportation.
                "(a)  Procedures.
                "(b) Advice to Secretary of Transportation.
"Sec. 20. Research  and  monitoring.
                "(a)  Research.
                "(b) National monitoring plan.
                "(c)  Monitoring.
"Sec.  21. Solicitation of  public comments; notice of public hearings.
"Sec.  22. Delegation and cooperation.
                " (a)  Delegation.
                " (b)  Cooperation.
"Sec.  23. State cooperation, aid,  and  training.
                "(a) Cooperative  agreements.
                "(b) Contracts for training.
"Sec.  24. Authority of States.
"Sec.  25. Authority of Administrator.
                "(a) (D Regulations.
                   •• (2) Procedure.
                          "(A) Proposed regulations.
                          "(B) Final regulations.
                          " (C) Time requirements.
                          " (D) Publication in the Federal Register.
                   "  (3) Congressional committees.
                "(b) Exemption of pesticides.
                "(c) Other authority.
 "Sec. 26.  Severability.
 "Sec. 27.  Authorization for appropriations.

-------
"SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
  "For purposes of this Act—
  "(a) ACTIVE INGREDIENT.—The  term 'active ingredient' means—
      "(1) in the case of a pesticide other than a plant regulator, defoliant,
    or  desiccant, an  ingredient  which  will  prevent,  destroy,  repel,  or
    mitigate any pest;
      "(2) in the case of a plant regulator, an ingredient which, through
    physiological action, will accelerate or retard the rate of growth or rate
    of maturation or  otherwise alter  the behavior of ornamental or crop
    plants or the product thereof;
      "(3) in the case of a defoliant, an ingredient which will  cause the
    leaves or foliage to drop from a plant; and
      "(4) in the case of a desiccant, an ingredient which will  artificially
    accelerate the drying of plant tissue.
  "(b) ADMINISTRATOR.—The term 'Administrator' means the Administrator
of the Environmental Protection Agency.
  "(c) ADULTERATED.—The term 'adulterated' applies to  any pesticide if:
      "(1)  its  strength  or  purity falls  below  the  professed  standard  of
    quality as expressed  on its labeling under which it is sold;
      "(2) any  substance has been substituted wholly or in part for the
    pesticide; or
      "(3) any valuable constituent of the pesticide has been wholly or in
    part abstracted.
  "(d)  ANIMAL.—The term 'animal' means all vertebrate and invertebrate
species, including but  not limited to man and  other mammals, birds, fish,
and shellfish.
  "(e) CERTIFIED APPLICATOR, ETC.—
      "(1)  CERTIFIED  APPLICATOR.—The  term  'certified  applicator' means
    any individual who  is certified under section 4 as authorized  to use or
    supervise the use of  any pesticide which is classified for restricted use.
      "(2)  PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—The term 'private applicator'  means a
    certified  applicator  who uses or  supervises  the use of  any  pesticide
    which is  classified for  restricted  use for  purposes  of  producing  any
    agricultural  commodity on property owned  or  rented  by him or  his
    employer or  (if applied without  compensation  other than  trading of
    personal services  between producers  of agricultural commodities)  on
    the property of  another person.
      "(3)  COMMERCIAL  APPLICATOR.—The   term 'commercial   applicator'
    means a certified  applicator (whether or not he is a private applicator
    with  respect  to some uses)  who uses  or  supervises the use of  any
    pesticide  which  is classified for restricted  use for  any purpose  or  on
    any property other than as  provided  by  paragraph (2).
       "(4)  UNDER  THE  DIRECT  SUPERVISION OF  A  CERTIFIED  APPLICATOR.—
    Unless otherwise  prescribed by its labeling, a  pesticide  shall be con-
    sidered to be applied under the direct supervision of a  certified appli-
    cator if it is applied  by a competent person  acting under the instructions
    and control of a  certified  applicator who  is  available  if  and when
    needed,  even though such certified applicator is not  physically present
    at the time and place the pesticide is applied.
   "(f)  DEFOLIANT.—The term 'defoliant' means any substance or mixture
of substances intended  for  causing the  leaves or foliage  to drop from a
plant, with or without causing abscission.
   "(g)  DESICCANT.—The term 'desiccant' means any substance or mixture
of substances intended for artificially accelerating the drying of plant  tissue.
   "(h) DEVICE.—The  term  'device' means  any instrument or contrivance
 (other than a firearm) which is intended for trapping, destroying, repelling,
or mitigating any pest  or any other form  of plant or animal  life (other than
man  and other  than bacteria, virus, or other microorganism on or in living
man  or other living animals);  but not  including equipment used for  the
application of pesticides  when  sold separately therefrom.
   "(i)  DISTRICT COURT. —The  term 'district  court'  means a  United  States
district court, the District Court of Guam, the District Court of  the  Virgin
Islands,  and  the highest  court of American  Samoa.
   "(j)  ENVIRONMENT.—The term 'environment' includes water, air, land,
and  all plants and  man and other animals living  therein,  and  the  inter-
relationships which  exist among  these.
   "(k)  FUNGUS.—The  term 'fungus' means  any  non-chlorophyll-bearing
thallophyte (that is,  any non-chlorophyll-bearing  plant of  a lower  order.
than  mosses  and liverworts),  as for  example, rust, smut,  mildew, mold,
yeast, and bacteria,  except those  on or in living man or other animals and
those on  or in  processed food,  beverages, or Pharmaceuticals.
   "(1) IMMINENT HAZARD.—The  term 'imminent hazard' means  a situation
which exists when the continued use of a pesticide during the time required
for cancellation proceeding would be likely to result  in unreasonable adverse

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                effects  on the  environment  or  will involve  unreasonable  hazard  to  the
                survival of a  species declared endangered by  the Secretary  of  the  Interior
                under Public Law 91-135.
81 8t«t. 175.         " (m) INERT INGREDIENT.—The term 'inert ingredient' means an ingredient
it U8C cttee-i.   which is not active.
                   "(n)  INOREDI.ENT STATEMENT.—The term 'ingredient statement' means a
                statement  which contains—
                      "(1) the  name  and  percentage of  each  active ingredient,  and  the
                     total percentage of all inert ingredients, in the pesticide; and
                      "(2) if the pesticide contains arsenic in any form,  a statement of the
                     percentages of total and water soluble arsenic, calculated as elementary
                     arsenic.
                   "(o)  INSECT.—The term 'insect' means any'of the numerous small inverte-
                brate animals generally having the body  more or less obviously  segmented,
                for  the most  part  belonging to  the  class  insecta,  comprising six-legged,
                usually  winged forms, as for example, beetles,  bugs, bees, flies, and to other
                allied classes  of arthropods whose members are wingless and usually have
                more than six legs, as for example, spiders,  mites, ticks, centipedes, and
                wood lice.
                   "(p)  LABEL AND LABELING.—
                      "(1) LABEL.—The term 'label' means the written, printed, or graphic
                     matter on, or attached  to, the pesticide or device  or any  of  its  con-
                     tainers or wrappers.
                      "(2) LABELING.—The term  'labeling' means  all labels and all other
                     written, printed, or graphic matter—
                           "(A) accompanying the pesticide or device at any time; or
                           "(B) to which reference is made  on  the label or in literature
                         accompanying the pesticide or  device, except  to  current  official
                         publications of the  Environmental  Protection Agency,  the  United
                         States  Departments of Agriculture and  Interior, the  Department
                         of Health, Education, and Welfare, State experiment stations, State
                         agricultural colleges, and other  similar Federal or State  institutions
                         or agencies authorized by law to conduct research  in  the  field  of
                         pesticides.
                   "(q)  MlSBRANDED.—
                      "(1) A pesticide is misbranded if—
                           "(A) its labeling bears  any statement, design, or graphic repre-
                         sentation relative thereto or to its ingredients  which  is false  or
                         misleading in any particular;
                           "(B) it is contained in a package or other container or wrapping
                         which does not conform to the standards established by the  Admin-
                         istrator pursuant to section 25 (c) (3);
                           "(C) it is an imitation of, or  is  offered for sale under the name
                         of, another pesticide;
                           "(D) its label does  not bear the  registration number assigned
                         under section  7 to each establishment in which it was  produced;
                           "(E) any word,  statement, or other information  required by  or
                         under  authority of  this Act to  appear on  the  label or labeling  is
                         not  prominently  placed thereon  with  such  conspicuousness  (as
                         compared with other words, statements, designs, or graphic matter
                         in the labeling) and in such terms as to render it likely to  be read
                         and  understood by the ordinary individual  under customary condi-
                         tions of purchase and use;
                           "(F) the labeling accompanying it does not contain directions
                         for use which  are necessary for  effecting the purpose for which the
                         product is intended and if complied with, together with any require-
                         ments imposed under  section 3(d) of  this  Act, are  adequate  to
                         protect health and the environment;
                           "(G) the label does not contain a  warning or caution statement
                         which may be necessary  and  if complied with, together with  any
                         requirements  imposed  under section  3(d)  of this Act,  is adequate
                         to protect health and the environment.
                        "(2) A pesticide is misbranded if—
                           "(A)  the label  does not bear  an  ingredient statement  on that
                         part of the immediate container (and on the outside  container  or
                         wrapper of the retail package,  if  there be one, through which  the
                         ingredient statement on the immediate container cannot be clearly
                         read)  which is presented or displayed under customary conditions
                         of purchase, except that a pesticide  is not misbranded under this
                         subparagraph if:
                           "(i)  the size of form of the  immediate container, or the outside
                         container or wrapper of the retail  package, makes  it impracticable
                         to place the ingredient statement on the  part  which is presented
                         or displayed under customary conditions of purchase;  and

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          "(ii)  the ingredient statement appears prominently  on another
        part of  the immediate container, or outside container or wrapper,
        permitted by the Administrator;
          "(B)   the labeling does  not contain a  statement of  the use
        classification under which the product is registered;
          "(C)  there is  not affixed to its container,  and to  the  outside
        container  or  wrapper  of the  retail  package, if there be one,
        through which the  required information on  the immediate con-
        tainer cannot be clearly read,  a label bearing—
              "(i)  the name and address  of the producer,  registrant, or
             person for whom produced;
              "(ii)  the  name,  brand, or  trademark under  which the
             pesticide is sold;
              "(iii) the net weight or measure  of  the content: Provided,
             That the Administrator may permit  reasonable variations; and
              "(iv) when required by regulation of the Administrator to
             effectuate the  purposes of this Act, the  registration number
             assigned to  the pesticide under this Act, and  the  use  classifi-
             cation; and
          "(D)   the pesticide contains any substance or substances in
        quantities  highly toxic to  man, unless the label shall bear, in
        addition to any  other matter required by this Act—
              "(i) the skull and crossbones:
              "(ii) the word 'poison' prominently in red on  a background
             of  distinctly contrasting color;  and
              "(iii) a statement  of  a practical treatment  (first  aid or
             otherwise) in case  of poisoning by the pesticide.
  "(r) NEMATODE.—The term 'nematode' means invertebrate  animals of
the phylum  nemathelminthes and class nematoda, that  is,  unsegrhented
round  worms with  elongated, fusiform, or  saclike bodies  covered with
cuticle, and  inhabiting soil, water,  plants, or plant parts; may  also be called
nemas or eelworms.
  "(s)  PERSON.—The term  'person'  means  any  individual, partnership,
association,   corporation,  or  any  organized  group of persons  whether
incorporated or not.
  "(t) PEST.—The term  'pest'  means  (1)  any  insect, rodent,  nematode,
fungus, weed, or (2) any other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal
life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except  viruses, bacteria, or
other micro-organisms on or in living man  or other living animals) which
the Administator declares to be a  pest under section 25(c)(l).
  "(u) PESTICIDE.—The term 'pesticide' means (1) any substance or mixture   p.t,. 94-140
of substances intended for  preventing, destroying, repelling,  or mitigating   89 St«t. 754
any pest, and (2)  any substance or mixture of substances  intended  for use
as a  plant  regulator, defoliant,  or desiccant: Provided,  That  the term
'pesticide' shall  not  include any article  (l)(a) that  is  a 'new animal drug'
within the meaning of section  201 (w)  of  the Federal Food,  Drug, and
Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321 (w)), or (b) that has been determined  by the
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare  not to be a new animal drug
by a regulation  establishing conditions of use  for the article,  or  (2)  that is
an animal  feed  within the  meaning of section  201 (x) of such Act (21
U.S.C. 321 (x)) bearing or containing an article covered  by clause (1)  of this
proviso."
  "(v) PLANT REGULATOR.—The term 'plant regulator'  means  any substance
or  mixture  of  substances  intended,  through  physiological  action, for
accelerating  or retarding the rate of growth or rate of maturation, or for
otherwise  altering the behavior of plants or the  produce thereof, but shall
not include substances to the extent that they are intended as plant nutrients,
trace elements,  nutritional chemicals,  plant  inoculants, and soil  amend-
ments. Also, the term 'plant  regulator' shall not be required to  include any
of such of  those nutrient  mixtures or  soil  amendments as are commonly
known as vitamin-hormone  horticultural products,  intended  for improve-
ment,  maintenance, survival, health, and propagation of plants, and as are
not for pest destruction  and are  nontoxic,  nonpoisonous  in  the undiluted
packaged concentration.
  "(w) PRODUCER AND PRODUCE.—The term  'producer' means  the  person
who  manufactures, prepares,  compounds,  propagates, or  processes any
pesticide or  device. The  term 'produce' means  to  manufacture,  prepare,
compound,  propagate, or process  any pesticide or device.
  "(x) PROTECT HEALTH  AND  THE  ENVIRONMENT.—The terms  'protect
health and the environment'  and 'protection of health and  the environment"
mean  protection against  any unreasonable  adverse effects on the environ-
ment.
  "(y) REGISTRANT.—The term 'registrant'  means a person who has regis-
tered any  pesticide pursuant  to the provisions of  this Act.

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P.L. 94-140
89 Stot. 755
  T«t dmta.
   Appeal.
  "(z) REGISTRATION.—The term  'registration'  includes reregistration.
  "(aa)  STATE.—The term 'State' means a State, the District of Columbia,
the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,  the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Trust
Territory of  the Pacific Islands, and  American  Samoa.
  "(bb)  UNREASONABLE  ADVERSE  EFFECTS  ON  THE  ENVIRONMENT.—The
term 'unreasonable adverse effects on  the environment' means any unreason-
able risk to  man  or the environment, taking into  account the economic,
social, and environmental costs and benefits of the use of any pesticide.
  "(cc)  WEED.—The term 'weed' means any  plant which  grows where
not wanted.
  "(dd)  ESTABLISHMENT.—The term 'establishment'  means any place where
a pesticide or device is produced, or held, for distribution or sale.

«SEC. 3. REGISTRATION OF PESTICIDES.
  "(a) REQUIREMENT.—Except as otherwise provided by  this Act, no person
in any State  may distribute, sell, offer for sale, hold for sale,  ship, deliver
for shipment, or receive and (having so received) deliver or offer to deliver,
to any person any pesticide which is not registered  with the Administrator.
  "(b) EXEMPTIONS.—A pesticide which is not  registered with the Admin-
istrator may be transferred  if—
       "(1) the transfer is from  one registered establishment to another
    registered  establishment  operated  by the  same  producer  solely  for
    packaging at the second establishment or for use as a  constituent  part
    of another pesticide  produced at the second establishment; or
       "(2) the transfer is  pursuant, to and in accordance with the require-
    ments of an experimental  use permit.
  " (c) PROCEDURE FOR REGISTRATION.—
       (1)  STATEMENT  REQUIRED.—Each  applicant  for registration of a
    pesticide shall file with the Administrator a  statement which includes—
           "(A)  the name and address of the  applicant and of any other
         person whose name will appear on the labeling;
           ".(B) the name of the pesticide;
           "(C) a complete  copy of the labeling of the pesticide, a state-
         ment of all claims to be made for it, and any directions for its use;
           (D)  if requested by the Administrator,  a full description of the
         tests made and  the  results thereof upon which  the claims  are
         based, except that data submitted on or after January 1, 1970, in
         support of an  application shall  not,  without  permission of  the
         applicant, be considered by the Administrator in support of  any
         other application  for registration unless such other applicant  shall
         have  first offered to  pay reasonable compensation for producing
         the  test data to be relied upon and such data is not protected from
         disclosure by section 10(b). This provision  with  regard to  com-
         pensation for producing the test data to be relied upon shall apply
         with respect to all applications for registration  or reregistration
         submitted on or after October 21, 1972. If the parties cannot agree
         on  the amount and  method of  payment,   the  Administrator  shall
         make such determination and may fix such other terms and condi-
         tions  as may be reasonable  under the  circumstances. The Admin-
         istrator's determination shall be made on  the  record  after notice
         and opportunity for hearing. If either party does not  agree  with
         said determination, he may, within  thirty  days, take an  appeal to
         the Federal district court for the district  in which he resides with
         respect to either  the amount of the payment or the terms of pay-
         ment, or both.  Registration  shall  not  be  delayed  pending the
         determination  of  reasonable compensation between the applicants,
         by  the Administrator or by the court.
           "(E) the complete formula of the pesticide; and
           "(F) a request that the  pesticide be classified for general use,
         for restricted use, or for both.
       "(2)  DATA IN  SUPPORT OF REGISTRATION.—The  Administrator  shall
     publish  guidelines  specifying the kinds  of  information  which will be
     required to support the registration of a pesticide and shall revise such
     guidelines from time  to  time. If thereafter he requires  any  additional
     kind  of information  he  shall permit sufficient time for applicants to
     obtain  such  additional information. Except as provided  by subsection
      (c)(l)(D)  of this section and section 10,  within 30 days  after  the
     Administrator registers a pesticide under this  Act  he  shall  make  avail-
     able  to the  public the  data  called for in the  registration  statement
     together  with such other  scientific  information  as he deems relevant
      to  his decision.
       "(3)  TIME FOR ACTING WITH RESPECT TO APPLICATION.—The Adminis-
     trator shall review  the data  after receipt of the application  and  shall,
     as  expeditiously as  possible,  either  register the pesticide  in accordance

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 with paragraph  (5),  or notify the applicant of his  determination that
 it does not comply with the provisions of  the  Act in accordance with
 paragraph (6).
   "(4) NOTICE OF APPLICATION.—The Administrator shall publish in the  Publication
 Federal Register, promptly  after receipt of the  statement  and  other
 data required pursuant to paragraphs (1)  and (2), a  notice of  each
 application for  registration  of any  pesticide  if it  contains any new
 active  ingredient  or  if it would entail  a  changed  use pattern. The
 notice shall provide for a period of 30 days  in which any  Federal agency
 or any other interested  person may comment.
   "(5) APPROVAL OF  REGISTRATION.—The Administrator  shall register a
 pesticide if he determines that,  when considered  with  any  restrictions
 imposed under subsection (d)—
       "(A) its  composition  is such as to warrant the proposed  claims
     for it;
       "(B) its  labeling and other  material required to be  submitted
     comply with the requirements of this Act;
       "(C) it will perform  its intended  function without unreasonable
     adverse effects on the environment; and
       "(D) when used in accordance with widespread  and commonly
     recognized  practice it   will  not  generally  cause unreasonable
     adverse effects on the environment.
 The Administrator shall not make  any lack of essentiality  a criterion
 for denying registration of any pesticide.  Where two pesticides meet the
 requirements of this paragraph, one  should not be registered in prefer-
 ence to the other.
   "(6) DENIAL  OF REGISTRATION.—If the  Administrator determines that
 the requirements of paragraph  (5) for registration are  not  satisfied, he
 shall notify the  applicant for registration of his determination and of
 his reasons  (including  the factual basis)  therefor, and  that, unless the
 applicant corrects the conditions and notifies the Administrator thereof
 during the 30-day period  beginning  with  the day  after the date  on
 which  the applicant receives the notice,  the Administrator may refuse
 to register the pesticide. Whenever the Administrator refuses to register
 a  pesticide, he  shall notify  the applicant of  his decision  and  of  his
 reasons (including the factual basis)  therefor.  The Administrator shall  Publication
 promptly  publish in  the  Federal Register  notice  of  such  denial of  j" Federal
 registration and  the  reasons therefor.  Upon such  notification,  the    egls er'
 applicant  for registration or other  interested  person with  the  concur-
 rence of the  applicant shall have the same remedies  as provided for
 in section 6.
'(d)  CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES.—
    "(1) CLASSIFICATION FOR GENERAL USE, RESTRICTED USE, OR BOTH.—
        "(A)  As a part of the registration of  a pesticide the Adminis-
      trator shall classify it as being for general  use or for restricted use,
      provided that if the Administrator determines that some of the uses
      for which the pesticide  is registered should be for general use and
      that other  uses  for which  it is  registered should be for restricted
      use, he  shall classify it  for  both general use  and restricted  use.  If
      some of the uses of the pesticide are classified for general use and
      other  uses  are classified for restricted use,  the  directions  relating
      to its general uses shall  be clearly separated and distinguished from
      those  directions relating to its restricted uses:  Provided, however,
      That the Administrator may require that its packaging  and labeling
      for restricted uses shall  be clearly distinguishable from its packaging
      and labeling for general uses.
        "(B)  If  the Administrator determines  that the  pesticide,  when
      applied  in  accordance  with its  directions for  use, warnings and
      cautions and for the uses for which it is  registered, or for one  or
      more  of such uses, or  in accordance  with a widespread and com-
      monly recognized practice, will not generally  cause unreasonable
      adverse effects on the  environment, he will classify the pesticide,
      or the particular  use or uses of the  pesticide  to which the deter-
      mination applies, for general use.
        "(C) If  the Administrator determines that  the  pesticide,  when
      applied  in  accordance  with its  directions for  use, warnings and
      cautions and for  the uses for which it  is  registered, or for one or
      more of such uses, or  in accordance with a widespread and com-
      monly recognized practice, may generally cause, without additional
      regulatory  restrictions,  unreasonable adverse effects on  the environ-
      ment,  including  injury to  the applicator,  he shall   classify  the
      pesticide, or the particular use  or uses to which the determination
      applies, for restricted use:
             "(i) If  the Administrator classifies  a pesticide, or one or

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Publication
in Federal
Register.
 Standard*.
 P.L. 94-140
 89 Stat. 753
             more uses of such  pesticide,  for restricted use because  of a
             determination that the acute dermal or inhalation toxicity of
             the pesticide presents a  hazard to  the applicator  or other
             persons, the pesticide shall be applied for any use to which the
             restricted  classification  applies only  by or under the  direct
             supervision of a certified applicator.
               "(ii)  If the Administrator  classifies  a pesticide, or  one or
             more uses of such  pesticide,  for restricted use because  of a
             determination that its use  without additional regulatory restric-
             tion may cause  unreasonable  adverse effects  on the environ-
             ment, the pesticide  shall be applied  for any use to which the
             determination applies only by or under the direct supervision
             of a certified applicator, or subject  to  such other restrictions
             as the  Administrator may  provide  by  regulation.  Any  such
             regulation shall  be  reviewable  in the  appropriate  court of
             appeals upon petition of a person adversely affected filed within
             60 days of  the publication of  the regulation in final form.
      "(2)  CHANGE  IN CLASSIFICATION:—If the  Administrator  determines
    that a change in the classification of any use of a pesticide from general
    use to restricted use is necessary to prevent unreasonable adverse effects
    on  the environment,  he shall notify  the registrant of such pesticide of
    such determination at least 30 days before making the change and shall
    publish the proposed change in the Federal Register. The registrant, or
    other interested  person with the concurrence of the registrant,  may seek
    relief from such determination under section  6(b).
  "(e)  PRODUCTS WITH SAME FORMULATION AND  CLAIMS.—Products which
have  the same formulation,  are manufactured by  the same  person, the
labeling of which contains the same claims, and the labels  of which bear a
designation identifying the product as the same pesticide may be registered
as a single pesticide;  and additional names  and  labels shall  be added to the
registration by supplemental statements.
  "(f) MISCELLANEOUS.—
       "(1) EFFECT  OF CHANGE OF  LABELING OR FORMULATION.—If the label-
    ing or formulation for a pesticide is changed, the registration shall be
    amended to reflect such  change if the Administrator determines  that
    the change will not violate any  provision of  this Act.
       "(2)  REGISTRATION NOT A  DEFENSE.—In no event shall registration of
    an article be construed as a  defense  for the commission of  any offense
    under this Act: Provided, That as long as no cancellation  proceedings
    are in effect  registration of a pesticide  shall be prima facie evidence
    that the pesticide, its labeling  and packaging comply with  the registra-
    tion provisions of the Act.
       "(3)  AUTHORITY TO  CONSULT  OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES.—In connec-
    tion with  consideration of any registration or application  for registra-
    tion under this  section, the  Administrator may  consult with any other
    Federal  agency.

"SEC. 4. USE OF RESTRICTED USE PESTICIDES; CERTIFIED APPLI-
            CATORS.
  "(a) CERTIFICATION PROCEDURE.—
       "(1) FEDERAL CERTIFICATION.—Subject  to paragraph  (2),  the Admin-
     istrator  shall prescribe standards for the certification of applicators  of
     pesticides. Such standards shall provide that to be certified, an  individual
     must be  determined  to  be competent  with respect  to the  use and
     handling of pesticides, or to the use and handling of  the  pesticide  or
     class of pesticides covered by such  individual's certification:  Provided,
     however.  That  the certification standard for a  private  applicator shall,
     under a State plan submitted for approval,  be deemed fulfilled by his
     completing a certification form. The Administrator shall further assure
     that such form contains  adequate  information and affirmations to carry
     out the intent of this Act, and may include  in  the form an affirmation
     that the private applicator has completed a training program approved
     by  the  Administrator so long  as the program does  not  require the
     private  applicator to take, pursuant to a requirement prescribed by the
     Administrator,  any  examination  to establish competency in  the use
     of the pesticide.  The Administrator may  require any pesticide dealer
     participating in a certification program to  be  licensed under a State
     licensing  program approved  by him.
        "(2)  STATE  CERTIFICATION.—If  any State, at  any  time,  desires to
     certify applicators of pesticides,  the  Governor of such State shall submit
     a State plan for such purpose. The Administrator shall  approve the plan
     submitted by any State,  or any modification  thereof, if such plan in his
     judgment—
            "(A)  designates  a State agency  as the  agency responsible  for

                          8

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        administering the plan throughout the State;
          "(B)  contains  satisfactory  assurances that  such agency has
        or will have the legal authority and qualified personnel necessary
        to carry out the plan;
          "(C)  gives satisfactory assurances that the  State will  devote
        adequate funds to the administration of the plan;
          " (D)  provides that the State agency  will make such reports  to
        the Administrator in such form and containing such information
        as the Administrator may from time to  time  require; and
          "(E)  contains satisfactory assurances that State  standards  for
        the certification  of  applicators of pesticides  conform with  those
        standards prescribed by the Administrator under paragraph (1).
Any State certification program under this section shall be maintained  in
accordance with  the State plan approved under this section.
  "(b) STATE  PLANS.—If the Administrator rejects a  plan submitted under
this paragraph, he shall afford the State submitting the plan due  notice and
opportunity  for hearing  before so  doing. If the Administrator approves a
plan submitted under this paragraph, then such State shall certify  applicators
of pesticides with respect to such State. Whenever the Administrator deter-
mines that a State is not administering the certification program  in accord-
ance with the  plan approved  under this section, he shall so notify the State
and provide for a hearing at the  request of the State, and, if appropriate
corrective action  is not taken within a reasonable time, not to exceed ninety
days, the Administrator shall withdraw approval  of such  plan.
  "(c) INSTRUCTION  IN  INTEGRATED  PEST  MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES.—   P.L. 94-140
Standards prescribed by the Administrator for the certification of applicators   89 8tat- ™
of pesticides under subsection  (a), and State  plans submitted to the Admin-
istrator under  subsections (a) and  (b), shall include provisions for making
instructional materials concerning  integrated pest  management  techniques
available to individuals at their request in  accordance with the provisions   7 USC lS6o.
of section 23 (c)  of this  Act, but such  plans may  not require that any
individual receive instruction  concerning such techniques or be shown to be
competent with respect to the use of such techniques.  The Administrator
and States implementing such plans shall provide that  all interested individ-
uals are  notified  of  the availability of  such  instructional materials."

"SEC. 5. EXPERIMENTAL USE PERMITS.
  "(a)  ISSUANCE.—Any person may apply  to  the Administrator for an
experimental use permit for  a pesticide. The Administrator  may  issue an
experimental  use permit  if he  determines that  the  applicant needs such
permit in  order to accumulate information necessary to register a  pesticide
under section 3. An application for an experimental use permit may be filed
at the time of or before or after  an application for  registration is filed.
  "(b)  TEMPORARY  TOLERANCE LEVEL.—If  the  Administrator  determines
that the  use of a pesticide may reasonably be  expected  to  result in any
residue on or  in food or feed, he may establish a temporary tolerance level
for the residue of the  pesticide before issuing the experimental use permit.
  "(c) USE UNDER PERMIT.—Use  of  a pesticide under an experimental  use
permit shall be under the supervision  of  the Administrator, and  shall be
subject to such terms and conditions  and be  for  such  period of time as  the
Administrator may prescribe in the permit.
  "(d) STUDIES.—When  any  experimental use permit  is issued for a pesti-
cide containing any chemical or combination of chemicals  which  has not
been included  in  any previously registered pesticide, the Administrator may
specify that studies be conducted to detect whether the use of the  pesticide
under the permit may cause  unreasonable adverse effects on the  environ-
ment. All results of such studies shall be reported  to the Administrator
before such pesticide may be registered under section  3.
  "(e) REVOCATION.—The Administrator may revoke  any experimental  use
permit,  at  any  time,  if he  finds that its  terms or  conditions  are  being
violated,  or that its terms and conditions are inadequate to avoid unreason-
able adverse effects on  the environment.
  "(f) STATE  ISSUANCE OF PERMITS.—Notwithstanding the foregoing provi-
sions of this section, the Administrator  may, under such terms and condi-
tions as he may  by  regulations prescribe,  authorize any State to  issue an
experimental use permit for a pesticide. All provisions of section 4 relating
to State plans shall apply with equal  force to a State  plan for the issuance
of experimental use permits under this section.
  "(g) EXEMPTION FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AGENCIES.—Notwithstand-   P.L. »4-u«
ing the foregoing provisions of this section, the Administrator may issue an   89 8ut- ™
experimental use permit  for a pesticide to any public or private agricultural
research  agency  or educational institution  which applies for  such permit.
Each  permit shall not exceed more than a one-year  period or such other
specific time as the Administrator may prescribe. Such  permit shall be issued

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    Publication
    in Federal
    Regiiter.
      Hearing.
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 751
Publication in
Federal Register.
   Ante, p. 753.
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 751
under such  terms and conditions restricting the use of the pesticide as the
Administrator may require: Provided, That such pesticide may be used only
by such research agency or  educational institution for purposes  of  experi-
mentation."

"SEC. 6. ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW; SUSPENSION.
  "(a) CANCELLATION AFTER FIVE YEARS—
      "(1)  PROCEDURE.—The  Administrator shall cancel  the registration
    of any pesticide at the end of the five-year period which begins  on the
    date of its registration  (or at the end of any five-year period thereafter)
    unless the registrant, or other interested person  with the  concurrence
    of the registrant, before the end of such period, requests in accordance
    with regulations prescribed by  the Administrator that the registration
    be continued in effect:  Provided, That the Administrator.may  permit
    the continued sale and use of existing stocks   of a  pesticide whose
    registration  is canceled under this subsection or subsection (b) to such
    extent,  under such conditions, and  for such uses as he may specify if
    he determines that such sale or use is not inconsistent with the purposes
    of this Act and will  not  have unreasonable adverse  effects on the
    environment. The Administrator shall  publish in the  Federal Register,
    at least 30  days prior  to the expiration of such five-year period, notice
    that the registration  will be canceled if  the registrant or other interested
    person  with the concurrence of the registrant does not request that the
    registration be continued in effect.
      "(2)  INFORMATION.—If at any time  after the registration of a pesti-
    cide the  registrant  has additional  factual information  regarding un-
    reasonable  adverse effects on the environment of the pesticide, he shall
    submit  such information to the Administrator.
  " (b)  CANCELLATION AND CHANGE IN  CLASSIFICATION.—If it  appears to the
Administrator that a pesticide or its labeling or other material required to
be submitted does not comply with the provisions  of this Act or. when used
in accordance with widespread and commonly recognized practice, generally
causes unreasonable adverse effects on the environment, the Administrator
may issue a notice of his intent either—
      "(1) to cancel its registration or to  change its classification together
    with the  reasons (including the factual basis) for his action, or
       "(2) to  hold a hearing  to determine whether  or not  its registration
     should be canceled  or its classification changed.
Such notice shall be sent to the registrant  and made  public.  In determining
whether to issue any such  notice,  the  Administrator shall  include among
those factors to be taken into account the impact of the action proposed
in such notice  on  production and  prices of agricultural commodities,  retail
food  prices, and otherwise on  the  agricultural economy. At least 60  days
prior to sending such notice to the registrant or making public such notice,
whichever  occurs  first,  the Administrator shall  provide the  Secretary of
Agriculture with a copy of such notice and an analysis of  such impact on
the  agricultural economy.  If  the  Secretary comments in  writing to  the
Administrator  regarding  the  notice  and  analysis   within  30  days  after
receiving them, the Administrator shall  publish in the Federal Register
 (with the notice)  the comments of the Secretary and  the  response of the
Administrator  with regard  to  the  Secretary's  comments.  If the Secretary
 does not comment in writing to the Administrator regarding the notice and
 analysis within 30 days after receiving  them, the Administrator  may  notify
 the registrant  and make  public the notice at any  time  after such 30-day
 period  notwithstanding  the foregoing 60-day time  requirement. The time
 requirements  imposed by the preceding  3 sentences  may  be  waived  or
 modified to the extent agreed upon by the Administrator  and the Secretary.
 Notwithstanding any other provision  of  this subsection (b)  and  section
 25 (d), in the event that the Administrator determines  that  suspension of a
 pesticide registration  is  necessary to prevent an imminent hazard to human
 health, then upon such a finding the Administrator  may waive the require-
 ment of notice to and  consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture pur-
 suant to subsection  (b) and of submission to the Scientific  Advisory Panel
 pursuant to  section  25 (d) and proceed in accordance with subsection  (c).
 The proposed  action shall become final and effective at the end of 30 days
 from  receipt by  the registrant, or publication,  of  a  notice issued  under
 paragraph (1), whichever occurs  later, unless within  that  time either (i)
 the registrant  makes the  necessary corrections, if possible, or  (ii) a request
 for a hearing  is made by a person adversely affected by the notice. In the
 event a hearing is held pursuant to such a request or to the Administrator's
 determination  under  paragraph (2), a  decision pertaining to registration  or
 classification issued after  completion of such hearing shall be final.
    In taking any final action under this subsection,  the Administrator shall
  include among those factors to be taken  into account the impact of such

                         10

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final action on production and prices of agricultural commodities, retail food
prices, and otherwise on the agricultural  economy, and he shall publish in
the Federal Register an  analysis of such  impact.
  "(c) SUSPENSION.—
      "(1)  ORDER.—If the Administrator determines that action  is neces-
    sary to prevent an imminent hazard  during the time  required for can-
    cellation or  change  in  classification  proceedings he  may,  by order,
    suspend  the  registration  of the pesticide  immediately.  No  order  of
    suspension may  be issued unless the Administrator has issued  or at the
    same time issues  notice of his  intention to cancel the registration or
    change the classification of the pesticide.
      "Except as provided in paragraph (3), the Administrator shall  notify
    the registrant prior to issuing any suspension  order.  Such notice  shall
    include findings pertaining  to the question of 'imminent  hazard'. The
    registrant shall then have an opportunity, in accordance with the pro-
    visions of paragraph (2), for an expedited hearing before the Agency
    on  the question of whether an  imminent hazard  exists.
      "(2) EXPEDITE  HEARING.—If  no request  for a hearing is submitted
     to the Agency within five days of the registrant's receipt of the notifica-
    tion provided for  by paragraph  (1), the suspension order may be  issued
    and shall take effect and shall not be  reviewable by a court. If  a hearing
    is requested, it shall commence within  five  days of the  receipt of the
     request  for such  hearing  unless the registrant and the  Agency agree
     that it shall  commence at  a later time. The  hearing shall be held in
     accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of title 5 of the United   80 stat. 381:
     States Code,  except that the presiding officer need not be  a certified   s'ug'c'sfl4'
     hearing examiner. The presiding  officer shall have ten days  from the
     conclusion of the  presentation of  evidence  to  submit  recommended
     findings and  conclusions  to  the  Administrator,  who shall then have
     seven  days to render  a final order on  the issue  of suspension.
       "(3)  EMERGENCY ORDER.—Whenever  the  Administrator determines
     that an emergency exists that does  not permit  him  to hold  a hearing
     before suspending, he may issue a suspension order in advance of noti-
     fication to the registrant. In that case,  paragraph (2)  shall apply  except
     that  (i) the order of suspension shall  be in effect  pending the expedi-
     tious  completion  of the  remedies provided  by that paragraph and  the
     issuance of a final order on suspension, and  (ii) no  party other than
     the registrant and the Agency  shall  participate  except that any  person
     adversely  affected  may  file briefs  within  the  time allotted  by  the
     Agency's rules. Any  person so filing briefs  shall be considered a party
     to such proceeding for the purpose  of section 16(b).
       "(4)  JUDICIAL REVIEW.—A final order on the question of suspension
     following a  hearing shall be reviewable in accordance with  Section 16
     of this Act, notwithstanding  the  fact that  any  related cancellation
     proceedings  have not been completed.  Petitions to review orders  on the
     issue  of suspension shall be  advanced  on  the docket of the courts of
     appeals. Any order of suspension entered prior to a hearing before the
     Administrator shall be subject  to immediate review in an action by the
     registrant or  other  interested  person  with  the  concurrence of  the
     registrant in an appropriate  district  court, solely to determine whether
     the order of suspension was arbitrary, capricious or an abuse  of dis-
     cretion, or whether the order was issued in accordance with  the proce-
     dures established by  law. The effect of any order of the  court  will be
     only  to stay the effectiveness of  the suspension order, pending the
     Administrator's final decision with respect to cancellation or change in
     classification. This action may be maintained simultaneously with any
     administrative  review proceeding under this section. The  commence-
     ment of proceedings under  this  paragraph shall  not operate as  a stay
     of order, unless ordered by the court.
   "(d) PUBLIC HEARINGS AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW.—In the event a hearing
 is requested pursuant to subsection (b) or determined  upon by the Admin-
 istrator pursuant to  subsection  (b),  such hearing shall  be  held after due
 notice  for the purpose of receiving evidence relevant and material to the
 issues raised by  the  objections filed  by the applicant or other interested
 parties, or to the issues stated by the Administrator,  if the hearing is called
 by the Administrator rather  than by the filing of objections.  Upon a show-
 ing of relevance and  reasonable scope of evidence sought  by any  party to a
 public hearing, the Hearing Examiner shall issue a subpena to compel testi-  Subpenm.
 mony or production of documents from  any person. The  Hearing Examiner
 shall be guided by  the principles of  the Federal  Rules of Civil  Procedure   28 use «PP.
 in making any order for the protection of the witness  or  the content of
 documents produced  and shall order the  payment  of reasonable fees  and
 expenses as a  condition to requiring  testimony  of the witness. On contest,
 the subpena may be enforced by an appropriate United States district court

                                             11

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           in accordance  with  the principles stated herein. Upon  the  request of any
           party to a public hearing and when in the Hearing  Examiner's judgment
           it is necessary  or desirable, the Hearing Examiner  shall at any time before
           the hearing record is closed refer to a Committee of the National Academy
           of Sciences  the relevant  questions of scientific fact involved  in the public
           hearing. No member of any committee of the National Academy of Sciences
           established  to  carry out the functions of this section  shall have a financial
           or other conflict of interest with respect to any matter considered  by such
  Report.   committee.   The Committee  of  the National Academy of  Sciences  shall
           report in writing to  the Hearing Examiner within 60 days after such referral
           on these questions of scientific fact. The report shall be made public  and
           shall be considered  as part of the hearing record.  The Administrator shall
            enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of  Sciences
           to assure an  objective  and  competent scientific  review of  the questions
           presented to Committees of the Academy and to provide such other scientific
           advisory services as may be required by the Administrator for carrying out
           the  purposes of this  Act. As soon as practicable   after completion of the
           hearing (including the report of the Academy)  but not later than  90 days
           thereafter, the Administrator shall evaluate the data and reports before him
           and issue an order either revoking his notice of intention issued pursuant to
           this section, or shall issue an order either canceling the registration, chang-
           ing  the classification, denying the  registration, or  requiring  modification of
           the  labeling or packaging of the article. Such order shall be based  only on
            substantial  evidence of  record of  such  hearing and shall set  forth detailed
            findings of  fact upon which the  order is based.
              "(e)  JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Final orders of  the Administrator under  this
           section shall be subject to judicial review pursuant to section  16.

            "SEC. 7. REGISTRATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS.
              "(a)  REQUIREMENT.—No person shall  produce   any  pesticide  subject to
           this Act in  any State unless the establishment  in  which it  is produced is
           registered with the  Administrator. The application for registration of any
           establishment  shall  include the name  and address  of  the establishment and
            of the  producer who  operates such establishment.
              "(b) REGISTRATION.—Whenever the Administrator receives an application
            under  subsection (a), he shall register the establishment and assign  it an
            establishment  number.
              "(c) INFORMATION  REQUIRED.—
                   "(1) Any producer operating an establishment  registered under this
                 section shall inform the Administrator within 30 days  after it is regis-
                 tered of the types and  amounts of pesticides—
                       "(A) which he is currently producing;
                       "(B) which he has produced during the past year; and
                       "(C) which he has sold or distributed during the  past year.
                 The information required by this paragraph shall  be kept current and
                 submitted to the Administrator annually as required under such regu-
                 lations as the Administrator may prescribe.
                   "(2) Any such producer  shall, upon the request of the Administrator
                 for  the purpose of issuing  a stop  sale order pursuant  to  section 13,
                 inform him of the name and address of any recipient of any pesticide
                 produced in any registered establishment which  he operates.
              "(d) CONFIDENTIAL RECORDS AND INFORMATION.—Any information sub-
             mitted to the Administrator pursuant to subsection  (c) shall  be considered
             confidential and shall be subject to the provisions  of section  10.
             "SEC. 8. BOOKS AND RECORDS.
Regulations.    "(a) REQUIREMENTS.—The Administrator  may prescribe regulations re-
             quiring producers to maintain such records with respect to their operations
             and the pesticides and devices produced as he determines are necessary for
             the effective  enforcement of this Act.  No records required under this sub-
             section shall  extend  to financial data, sales data other than shipment data,
             pricing data,  personnel data, and research data (other than data relating  to
             registered  pesticides or to a pesticide for  which an application for registra-
             tion has been filed).
               "(b) INSPECTION.—For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this
             Act, any  producer,  distributor, carrier, dealer,  or  any other person who
             sells or offers for sale, delivers or offers for delivery  any pesticide  or  device
             subject to  this Act,  shall, upon request  of  any officer or  employee of the
             Environmental Protection Agency or of any State or political subdivision,
             duly designated by the Administrator,  furnish or permit such person at all
             reasonable  times to  have access  to,  and  to copy: (1)  all records showing
             the delivery,  movement, or holding  of such pesticide or device,  including
             the quantity, the date of shipment and receipt, and the name of the con-
             signor and consignee; or (2) in the event of the  inability of any person  to

                                    12

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produce records containing such information, all other records and informa-
tion relating to such  delivery,  movement, or  holding  of  the pesticide or
device. Any inspection with respect to any records and information referred
to in this subsection shall not extend  to financial data, sales data other than
shipment data, pricing data,  personnel data, and  research data (other than
data relating to registered pesticides or to a pesticide for which an applica-
tion for registration has been filed).

"SEC. 9. INSPECTION OF ESTABLISHMENTS, ETC.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of enforcing  the provisions of this Act,
officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator are authorized
to enter at reasonable times, any establishment or other place where pesti-
cides or devices are held for distribution or sale for the purpose of inspecting
and obtaining samples of any pesticides or devices,  packaged, labeled, and
released for shipment, and samples of any containers  or  labeling for such
pesticides or devices.
  Before undertaking such inspection, the officers or employees must  present
to the  owner, operator,  or  agent  in  charge of the  establishment or other
place where pesticides or devices are held for distribution or sale, appropriate
credentials and  a written statement  as to  the  reason  for the inspection,
including a statement as to whether a violation of the law is suspected.  If no
violation is  suspected, an alternate and sufficient reason shall be given in
writing. Each such  inspection  shall  be  commenced and  completed  with
reasonable promptness. If the officer or employee  obtains any samples,  prior
to leaving the  premises, he  shall give to the owner, operator, or agent in
charge a receipt describing the samples obtained and, if requested,  a  portion
of each such sample  equal in volume or weight to the  portion retained. If
an analysis  is made of such  samples, a copy of the results of such analysis
shall be furnished promptly to the owner, operator, or  agent  in charge.
  "(b)  WARRANTS.—For  purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Act
and upon a showing to  an officer or court of competent  jurisdiction  that
there is reason to believe  that the provisions of this Act have  been violated,
officers or employees duly designated by the Administrator are empowered
to obtain and to execute  warrants authori/ing—
       "(1)  entry for the purpose of  this section;
       "(2)  inspection and reproduction of all records showing the quantity,
    date of shipment, and  the name of consignor and consignee  of any
    pesticide  or device  found  in the establishment  which  is adulterated,
    misbranded, not registered  (in the  case of a pesticide) or otherwise in
    violation of this  Act and in the  event  of the inability  of  any  person to
    produce records containing such  information, all  other records and
    information relating to  such delivery, movement,  or holding of the
    pesticide or device; and
       "(3)  the seizure of any  pesticide or device which is  in violation of
    this Act.
  "(c) ENFORCEMENT.—
       "(1)  CERTIFICATION OF FACTS  TO  ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The examina-
    tion of  pesticides or devices shall be made in  the Environmental Protec-
    tion Agency or elsewhere as  the Administrator may designate for the
    purpose of determining from such examinations whether they comply
    with  the  requirements of this Act. If it shall appear from  any  such
    examination that they fail to comply with the requirements of this Act,
    the Administrator shall cause notice to be given to the person against
    whom  criminal or civil proceedings are contemplated.  Any  person so
    notified shall be  given an opportunity to present his views, either  orally
    or  in writing, with regard to such contemplated  proceedings, and  if
    in the  opinion of the Administrator it appears that  the provisions of
    this Act  have been  violated by such person, then the  Administrator
    shall certify  the  facts  to the Attorney General,  with  a copy of the
    results  of the analysis  or  the  examination  of such  pesticide  for the
    institution of a criminal proceeding pursuant to section 14(b) or a civil
    proceeding under section  14(a),  when the  Administrator  determines
     that such action will be sufficient to effectuate the purposes of this Act.
       "(2)  NOTICE NOT REQUIRED.—The notice  of contemplated proceed-
    ings and  opportunity to present  views set forth in this  subsection are
    not prerequisites  to  the  institution of any proceeding by the Attorney
    General.
       "(3) WARNING NOTICES.—Nothing in this Act  shall be construed  as
    requiring the Administrator to  institute proceedings for  prosecution of
    minor  violations of this Act  whenever  he believes that  the  public
    interest will  be  adequately  served  by a suitable written  notice  of
    warning.

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"SEC. 10. PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS AND OTHER INFOR-
            MATION.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—In submitting data required by this Act, the applicant
may (1) clearly mark any portions thereof which in his opinion are  trade
secrets or commercial or financial information and (2)  submit such marked
material separately from other material required to be submitted under this
Act.
  "(b) DISCLOSURE.—Notwithstanding any other provision of this  Act,  the
Administrator  shall  not make public information which in  his judgment
contains or  relates to trade secrets or commercial or financial  information
obtained from  a person and  privileged or  confidential, except  that,  when
necessary to carry out  the provisions of  this Act, information  relating  to
formulas of products acquired by authorization of this Act may  be revealed
to any Federal agency  consulted and  may be revealed at a public hearing
or in findings of fact issued by the Administrator.
  "(c) DISPUTES.—If the  Administrator proposes to release  for inspection
information which the applicant or registrant  believes to  be protected  from
disclosure under subsection (b),  he shall notify the applicant or registrant,
in writing, by  certified  mail.  The Administrator shall not thereafter  make
available for inspection  such data until thirty days after  receipt of the notice
by the applicant or registrant.  During this period, the applicant or registrant
may institute an action in an appropriate  district court for  a  declaratory
judgment as to whether  such information is  subject  to protection under
subsection (b).

"SEC. 11. STANDARDS APPLICABLE TO PESTICIDE APPLICATORS.
  "(a)  IN GENERAL.—No regulations prescribed  by  the  Administrator  for
carrying out the provisions of this Act shall require  any private applicator
to maintain any records or file any reports or other  documents.
  "(b)  SEPARATE STANDARDS.—When establishing or  approving standards
for  licensing  or  certification, the  Administrator shall  establish  separate
standards for commercial and  private applicators.

"SEC. 12. UNLAWFUL ACTS.
  "(a) IN GENERAL.—
       "(')  Except as provided by subsection  (b), it shall  be unlawful  for
     any person in any  State to distribute, sell, offer  for sale,  hold for sale,
     ship, deliver for shipment, or receive and (having so received) deliver
     or offer to deliver,  to any person—
           "(A)  any pesticide which is  not registered  under section 3,
         except as provided by section 6(a) (1);
           "(B)  any registered  pesticide  if any  claims  made  for it as  a
         part of  its distribution or sale substantially  differ from any claims
         made for it as a part of  the statement required  in connection with
         its registration under section 3;
           "(C)  any registered pesticide the composition of which differs
         at  the time of  its  distribution  or sale from its composition as
         described in the statement required in connection  with its registra-
         tion under section 3;
           "(D)  any pesticide which has  not been colored or discolored
         pursuant to the provisions of section 25 (c) (5);
           "(E) any pesticide which is adulterated or  misbranded; or
           "(F) any device which is misbranded.
       "(2) It shall be unlawful for any person—
            "(A)  to detach, alter, deface, or destroy,  in whole or in part,
         any labeling required under this Act;
            "(B) to refuse to  keep any records required pursuant to section
         8, or to  refuse to allow  the inspection of any records  or  establish-
         ment pursuant to section 8 or 9, or to refuse  to allow an officer
         or employee of the   Environmental  Protection  Agency to take a
         sample  of any pesticide pursuant to section  9;
            "(C)  to give a guaranty  or  undertaking provided   for in sub-
         section  (b)  which is false in any particular,  except that a person
         who  receives  and relies  upon  a guaranty  authorized under sub-
         section  (b) may give a guaranty to the same effect, which guaranty
         shall  contain,  in  addition to  his own name  and address,  the name
         and address of the person residing in the United States from  whom
         he received the guaranty or undertaking;
            "(D)  to use for his own advantage or to reveal, other than to
         the Administrator, or officials or employees of  the  Environmental
         Protection  Agency or other  Federal  executive agencies,  or  to the
         courts,  or to  physicians, pharmacists,  and other qualified persons,
         needing  such  information for the performance of their  duties, in
         accordance  with such  directions  as the Administrator  may  pre-

                         14

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        scribe, any information  acquired  by authority  of this Act which
        is confidential under this Act;
          "(E)  who  is a  registrant, wholesaler,  dealer, retailer,  or other
        distributor to advertise  a produce  registered  under  this Act for
        restricted  use  without  giving  the  classification of  the  product
        assigned to it under section 3;
          "(F)  to make  available for use, or to use, any registered pesti-
        cide classified for restricted use for some or all purposes other than
        in accordance with section 3(d) and any regulations thereunder;
          "(G) to use any registered pesticide in a manner inconsistent
        with its labeling;
          "(H) to use any pesticide which is  under an experimental use
        permit contrary to the provisions of such permit;
          "(I) to violate any order issued under section 13;
          "(J)  to violate any suspension order issued  under section 6;
          "(K) to violate  any  cancellation of  registration of a pesticide
        under section 6, except as provided by section 6(a)(l);
          "(L)  who is a  producer to violate any of the provisions of
        section 7;
          "(M)  tp knowingly falsify  all or part of  any  application for
        registration, application  for experimental use permit,  any informa-
        tion submitted  to  the Administrator pursuant  to  section  7,  any
        records required to be maintained pursuant to section 8, any report
        filed under this Act, or any information marked as confidential and
        submitted to the  Administrator under any provision of this act;
          "(N) who is a registrant, wholesaler, dealer,  retailer, or other
        distributor to fail to file reports required  by this Act;
          "(O) to add any substance to,  or take  any substance  from, any
        pesticide in a manner that may defeat  the purpose of this Act; or
          "(P)  to use  any pesticide in  tests on human  beings unless such
        human  beings  (i) are fully informed of  the nature  and purposes
        of the test and of  any  physical  and mental health  consequences
        which are reasonably  foreseeable  therefrom, and (ii) freely volun-
        teer to participate in the test.
  "(b) EXEMPTIONS.—The penalties provided for  a violation  of  paragraph
(1) of subsection (a) shall not apply to—
      "(1) any person who establishes a guaranty signed by, and containing
    the name and address of, the registrant or person residing in the United
    States from  whom he purchased or  received in good faith the pesticide
    in the same unbroken package, to the  effect that the pesticide  was
    lawfully registered at the time of sale and  delivery  to him, and that it
    complies with the other requirements  of this Act, and in such case the
    guarantor shall be subject to the penalties which would otherwise attach
    to the person  holding  the  guaranty  under the  provisions of this Act;
      "(2)  any  carrier while lawfully shipping, transporting, or  delivering
    for shipment  any pesticide or device, if such carrier upon request of
    any officer or  employee duly designated by  the Administrator shall  per-
    mit such officer or  employee to copy all of its records concerning such
    pesticide or device;
      "(3)  any public official while engaged  in  the performance of his
    official duties;
      "(4)  any  person  using or  possessing any pesticide as provided by an
    experimental  use permit in  effect with respect to such  pesticide and
    such use or possession; or
      "(5)  any person  who ships  a substance or  mixture of  substances
    being put through  tests in which the purpose is only to  determine its
    value  for pesticide purposes  or  to  determine its toxicity  or other
    properties and from  which  the  user  does  not expect  to receive any
    benefit in pest control from its use.

"SEC. 13. STOP SALE, USE, REMOVAL, AND SEIZURE.
  "(a)  STOP  SALE, ETC.,  ORDERS.—Whenever  any pesticide or  device  is
found by  the Administrator  in any State and there is reason  to  believe on
the basis of inspection or tests that such pesticide or device is in violation
of any of the provisions of  this  Act,  or that such pesticide or device has
been or is intended to be  distributed or  sold in  violation of  any such provi-
sions, or when the registration of the pesticide has been canceled by a final
order or has been suspended, the  Administrator may issue  a written or
printed 'stop sale,  use, or removal' order to any person who owns, controls,
or has custody of  such  pesticide  or device, and after receipt of such order
no person shall sell, use, or remove the  pesticide or device described in the
order except in accordance with the provisions of the order.
  "(b)  SEIZURE.—Any  pesticide  or  device that  is being  transported  or,
having been  transported, remains unsold or in original unbroken packages,

                                            15

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or that is sold or offered for sale in any State, or that is imported from a
foreign country,  shall be liable to be proceeded against in any district court
in the district where it is found and seized for confiscation by a process in
rem for condemnation if—
       "(1) in the case of a pesticide—
           "(A)  it is adulterated or misbranded;
           "(B)  it is not registered pursuant to the provisions of section 3;
           "(C)  its labeling fails to bear the information required  by this
         Act;
           "(D)  it is  not colored or discolored and such coloring  or dis-
         coloring is required under this Act; or .
           "(E)  any of the claims made for it or  any of the  directions  for
         its use differ in substance from the representations made in connec-
         tion  with its registration;
       "(2) in the case of a device, it is misbranded; or
       "(3) in the case of  a pesticide or device, when used in accordance
    with the  requirements  imposed under this Act and as  directed by  the
    labeling,  it  nevertheless causes  unreasonable  adverse  effects on  the
    environment. In the case of a plant  regulator, defoliant, or desiccant,
    used in accordance with the  label claims and recommendations, physical
    or physiological effects on plants or  parts thereof shall not be deemed
    to be  injury, when such effects  are  the  purpose for which the plant
    regulator, defoliant, or desiccant was  applied.
  "(c)  DISPOSITION  AFTER  CONDEMNATION.—If the pesticide  or  device  is
condemned it shall, after entry of the decree,  be disposed of by destruction
or sale as the  court may direct and the proceeds, if sold, less the court costs,
shall  be paid  into the Treasury  of  the United States, but the pesticide or
device shall not be sold contrary  to the provisions of this Act or the laws of
the jurisdiction in  which it is sold:  Provided, That upon payment  of the
costs  of the condemnation  proceedings and the execution and delivery of
a good and sufficient bond conditioned that the pesticide or device shall not
be sold or otherwise disposed of contrary  to the provisions of the Act or the
laws of any jurisdiction in which sold, the court may  direct  that such pesti-
cide or device be delivered to the owner  thereof. The proceedings of such
condemnation cases shall conform, as near as  may be to the proceedings in
admiralty, except that either party  may  demand trial by jury  of any issue
of fact joined in any case,  and all such proceedings shall be at the  suit of
and in the name of the United States.
  "(d)  COURT COSTS,  ETC.—When a decree  of condemnation  is entered
against the pesticide or device,  court costs  and fees, storage,  and other
proper expenses shall be awarded against  the person, if any, intervening as
claimant of the pesticide or  device.

"SEC. 14. PENALTIES.
  " (a) CIVIL PENALTIES.—
       "(1) IN GENERAL.—Any  registrant, commercial  applicator,  whole-
    saler,  dealer, retailer, or other distributor who violates any  provision
    of this Act may be assessed a civil penalty by the Administrator of not
    more than $5,000 for each offense.
       "(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any  private applicator or  other person
    not  included in paragraph (1)  who  violates any provision of this  Act
    subsequent to receiving a written warning from the Administrator or
    following a citation for a prior violation, may be assessed a civil penalty
    by the Administrator of not  more than $1,000 for each offense.
       "(3) HEARING.—No  civil penalty shall  be assessed  unless the person
    charged shall have been given notice  and  opportunity for  a hearing on
    such charge  in the county, parish, or incorporated city of  the residence
    of the person charged.  In determining the amount of the penalty the
    Administrator shall consider the appropriateness of such penalty to the
    size of the business of the person charged, the effect on  the person's
    ability to continue in business, and the gravity of the violation.
       "(4) REFERENCES TO ATTORNEY GENERAL.—In case of  inability to
    collect such  civil  penalty or  failure of any person to pay all, or such
    portion of such civil penalty as  the Administrator may determine, the
    Administrator shall refer the matter to the Attorney General, who shall
    recover such amount by action in the appropriate United States district
    court.
   "(b) CRIMINAL PENALTIES.—
       "(1) IN GENERAL.—Any  registrant, commercial applicator,  whole-
    saler,  dealer, retailer, or other distributor who knowingly violates  any
    provision of this  Act shall  be  guilty of  a misdemeanor  and shall  on
    conviction be fined not more than $25,000, or  imprisoned  for not more
    than one .year, or both.
       "(2) PRIVATE APPLICATOR.—Any private applicator or  other  person

                         16

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    not  included in paragraph  (I)  who knowingly  violates  any provision
    of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall on conviction be
    fined not  more than $1,000. or  imprisoned  for not more than 30 days,
    or both.
      "(3) DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION.—Any  person,, who, with intent  to
    defraud, uses or reveals information relative to formulas  of products
    acquired under the authority of section 3, shall  be fined not more  than
    $10,000,  or imprisoned for  not  more than  three years,  or  both.
      "(4)  ACTS OF OFFICERS,  AGENTS. ETC.—When  construing  and enforc-
    ing  the provisions  of this  Act, the act, omission,  or  failure  of any
    officer, agent, or other person  acting for or employed  by any person
    shall in every case be also deemed to be the act, omission, or failure  of
    such person as well  as that of the person employed.

 "SEC. 15. INDEMNITIES.
   "(a) REQUIREMENT.—Tf—
      "(1)  the Administrator  notifies a registrant  that he  has  suspended
    the  registration of  a pesticide because such action  is necessary to pre-
    vent an imminent hazard:
      "(2) the registration of the pesticide is canceled as a result of a final
    determination  that  the use  of  such pesticide will  create an imminent
    hazard; and
       "(3) any person  who owned any quantity of  such pesticide  immedi-
    ately before  the notice to the registrant  under paragraph  (1)  suffered
    losses by  reason of suspension or cancellation of the registration,
 the Administrator shall make an indemnity payment to  such person, unless
 the Administrator finds that such person (i)  had knowledge of  facts which,
 in themselves, would  have shown  that such  pesticide  did  not meet the
 requirements of section  3(c)(5) for registration, and (ii) continued  there-
 after  to  produce such pesticide without giving timely notice of such facts to
 the Administrator.
   "(b) AMOUNT 01 PAYMENT.—
       "(1) IN  GENERAL.—The  amount  of  the indemnity  payment  under
    subsection (a) to any person shall be determined on  the  basis of the
    cost  of the  pesticide owned by  such  person  immediately before the
    notice to the registrant  referred  to in subsection  (a)(l); except that
    in no event shall an indemnity payment  to any  person  exceed  the fair
    market value of the pesticide owned by such person immediately before
    the notice referred to in subsection (a)(l).
      "(2)  SPECIAL RULE.—Notwithstanding any  other provision  of this
    Act, the Administrator may provide a reasonable time  for  use or other
    disposal of such pesticide.  In determining the quantity of any pesticide
    for which indemnity shall be paid under  this subsection, proper adjust-
    ment shall be made for any pesticide used  or otherwise  disposed of  by
    such owner.

 "SEC. 16. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURE; JUDICIAL REVIEW.
   "(a) DISTRICT COURT  REVIEW.—Except as is otherwise provided  in this
 Act, Agency refusals to  cancel or suspend registrations or change classifica-
 tions not following a hearing and other final Agency actions  not committed
 to Agency discretion by  law are judicially reviewable in  the  district courts.
   "(b) REVIEW BY  COURT 01-  APPEALS.—In  the case of  actual controversy
 as to.the validity of any order issued by the Administrator following  a public
 hearing,  any  person who will  be adversely affected by such  order and who
 had been a party to the  proceedings may obtain judicial  review by  filing in
 the United  States  court of  appeals for the circuit wherein  such  person
 resides or has a place of business,  within 60 days after the entry  of  such
 order, a  petition praying that  the order  be set aside in  whole or in  part.  A
 copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk  of the court
 to the Administrator or any officer designated by him for that purpose, and
 thereupon the Administrator shall file  in the court the record of the pro-
 ceedings  on which he based his order, as provided in section 2112 of  title 28,
United States  Code. Upon the  filing of such petition the court shall have   72 Stat. 941;
 exclusive jurisdiction to affirm or set aside the order complained of in whole   80 stat- 1323-
or in  part. The court  shall consider all evidence of record. The order  of
 the Administrator shall be sustained  if it is supported by substantial evidence
when considered on the record as a whole. The judgment of the court affirm-
 ing or setting  aside, in whole or in  part, any order  under this section  shall
 be final,  subject to review by the Supreme Court of  the  United States upon
certiorari or  certification as provided  in section 1254  of title 28  of the   62 stat. 928.
United States  Code. The commencement of  proceedings under this section
shall not, unless specifically ordered by  the court to the contrary,  operate
as a stay of an order. The court shall advance  on the docket and expedite
 the disposition of all cases filed  therein pursuant to this  section.

                                            17

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 P.L. 94-140
 89 SUt. 754
Regulations.
80 Stat. 944.
74 Stat. 808;
79 SUt. 286.
72 Stat. 775;
85 SUt. 481.
Contract
authority.
  "(c) JURISDICTION OF DISTRICT COURTS.—The district courts of the United
States are vested with jurisdiction specifically to enforce, and to prevent and
restrain violations of, this Act.
  "(d) NOTICE OF JUDGMENTS.—The Administrator shall, by publication  in
such manner as he may prescribe, give notice of all judgments  entered  in
actions instituted under the authority of this Act.

"SEC. 17. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
  "(a)  PESTICIDES  AND DEVICES INTENDED  FOR  EXPORT.—Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Act, no pesticide or  device  shall be  deemed  in
violation of this Act when intended solely for export to any foreign country
and prepared or packed according to  the specifications or directions of the
foreign purchaser, except that producers of such pesticides and devices shall
be subject to section 8 of this Act.
   (b) CANCELLATION  NOTICES  FURNISHED  TO FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS.—
Whenever a registration, or a cancellation or suspension of  the registration
of a pesticide becomes effective, or ceases to be effective, the Administrator
shall  transmit  through the State Department notification  thereof to the
governments of other  countries and to appropriate international agencies.
  "(c)  IMPORTATION OF PESTICIDES AND   DEVICES.—The Secretary  of the
Treasury  shall  notify  the  Administrator  of  the  arrival of pesticides and
devices and shall deliver to the  Administrator, upon his request,  samples  of
pesticides or devices which are being imported into the United States, giving
notice to the owner or consignee, who may appear before the Administrator
and have the right to  introduce testimony. If it appears from the examina-
tion of a sample that  it is adulterated, or misbranded or otherwise violates
the provisions  set forth in this  Act, or is otherwise injurious to health  or
the envKonment, the pesticide or  device may be  refused admission, and the
Secretary of the Treasury shall refuse delivery to the consignee and shall
cause the destruction of any pesticide or device refused delivery which shall
not be exported by the consignee within  90 days from the date of notice
of such refusal under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may
prescribe: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may dejiyer to the
consignee such pesticide or  device pending examination and decision in the
matter on execution of bond for the amount of the full invoice value  of
such pesticide or device, together with the duty  thereon, and  on  refusal  to
return such pesticide or device for any cause to the custody of the Secretary
of the Treasury, when demanded, for the purpose of excluding them from
the country, or for any other purpose, said consignee shall forfeit the full
amount of  said bond: And provided  further, That  all charges for storage,
cartage,  and labor on  pesticides or devices which are refused admission  or
delivery  shall  be paid  by the owner or consignee, and in default of such
payment shall constitute a lien against any future importation made by such
owner or consignee.
  "(d) COOPERATION IN INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS.—The Administrator shall,
in cooperation  with the Department of  State and any other appropriate
Federal agency, participate and cooperate  in any  international  efforts  to
develop improved  pesticide research and regulations.
   "(e) REGULATIONS.—The Secretary of the  Treasury, in  consultation with
the Administrator, shall prescribe regulations for the enforcement  of sub-
section (c)  of this section.

"SEC. 18. EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AGENCIES.
   "The Administrator may,  at  his discretion, exempt any Federal or State
agency  from any  provision of  this Act  if  he determines that  emergency
conditions exist which require such exemption.
  "The  Administrator, in  determining whether or  not  such  emergency
conditions  exist, shall consult with  the Secretary of Agriculture and  the
Governor of any State concerned if  they  request such determination."

"SEC. 19. DISPOSAL AND TRANSPORTATION.
  "(a)  PROCEDURES.—The  Administrator  shall, after consultation  with
other interested Federal agencies, establish  procedures and  regulations for
the disposal or storage of packages  and  containers of pesticides and for
disposal or  storage of excess amounts of such pesticides, and accept at con-
venient locations  for safe  disposal a  pesticide the registration of which is
canceled under  section 6(c)  if requested by  the owner of the pesticide.
   "(b) ADVICE TO SECRETARY  OF TRANSPORTATION.—The Administrator shall
provide advice and assistance to  the Secretary of Transportation with respect
to his functions relating to the  transportation of hazardous materials under
the Department of Transportation Act (49 U.S.C. 1657), the Transportation
of Explosives Act (18 U.S.C. 831-835),  the Federal Aviation Act of 1958
 (49  U.S.C.  1421-1430, 1472  II), and  the Hazardous Cargo  Act  (46 U.S.C.
 170,375,416).
                                      18

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"SEC. 20. RESEARCH AND MONITORING.
  "(a) RESEARCH.—The Administrator shall undertake research,  including
research by grant or contract  with other Federal agencies, universities, or
others as may  be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act, and be
shall give priority to research to develop biologically integrated alternatives
for pest control. The Administrator shall also take care to insure that such
research does not duplicate research being undertaken by any other Federal
agency.
  "(b) NATIONAL MONITORING  PLAN.—The Administrator  shall formulate
and periodically revise, in cooperation with other Federal, State, or local
agencies, a national plan  for  monitoring pesticides.
  "(c) MONITORING.—The Administrator shall undertake such monitoring
activities, including but not limited to  monitoring in  air, soil,  water,  man,
plants, and animals, as may be necessary for the implementation of this Act
and of the national pesticide monitoring plan. Such activities shall be carried
out in cooperation with other Federal,  State, and local agencies.

"SEC.  21.  SOLICITATION OF  COMMENTS; NOTICE OF  PUBLIC
            HEARINGS.
  "(a) The Administrator,  before publishing  regulations under  this Act,
shall  solicit the views of the Secretary of Agriculture in accordance with
the procedure described in section 25 (a).
  "(b) In addition to any other authority  relating to public hearings and
solicitation of views, in connection with the suspension or cancellation of a
pesticide registration or any other  actions authorized under  this Act, the
Administrator  may,  at  his discretion, solicit the views  of  all interested per-
sons,  either  orally or  in  writing,  and seek  such advice  from scientists,
farmers, farm organizations, and other qualified persons as he deems proper.
  "(c) In connection with all public hearings under this  Act the Adminis-
trator shall publish timely notice of such hearings in  the  Federal Register.

"SEC. 22. DELEGATION AND COOPERATION.
  "(a) DELEGATION.—All authority vested in  the Administrator by  virtue
of the provisions of this Act may with like force and effect be executed by
such employees of the  Environmental  Protection Agency as the Adminis-
trator  may designate for the purpose.
  "(b) COOPERATION.—The Administrator shall cooperate with the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, any other Federal agency, and any appropriate  agency
of any State or any political subdivision thereof, in carrying out the provi-
sions of this  Act, and  in securing uniformity of regulations.

"SEC. 23. STATE COOPERATION, AID, AND TRAINING.
  "(a) COOPERATIVE  AGREEMENTS.—The  Administrator  is  authorized  to
enter into cooperative agreements with States— .
       "(1)  to  delegate  to any State  the authority  to  cooperate  in the
    enforcement of  the Act through the use of its personnel or facilities,
    to train personnel of the State to cooperate in the enforcement  of this
    Act,  and  to assist  States  in  implementing cooperative enforcement
    programs through grants-in-aid; and
       "(2)  to  assist State agencies in  developing and administering  State
    programs for training and  certification of applicators  consistent  with
    the standards which he prescribes.
  "(b) CONTRACTS FOR TRAINING.—In addition, the Administrator is author-
ized to enter into contracts with Federaf or State agencies for the purpose
of encouraging the  training of certified applicators.
  "(c) The Administrator may, in  cooperation  with the Secretary of Agri-
culture, utilize  the services of the Cooperative State Extension  Services for
informing farmers of accepted  uses and other regulations  made  pursuant
to this Act.

"SEC. 24. AUTHORITY OF STATES.
  "(a) A State may regulate the sale or use of any pesticide or device in
the State, but only if and to the extent the regulation  does  not permit any
sale or use prohibited by this Act;
  "(b) such  State shall not impose or  continue in effect  any requirements
for  labeling and packaging in addition  to or different  from those required
pursuant to this Act; and
  "(c) a State  may provide registration for pesticides formulated for distri-
bution and use  within that State to meet  special local  needs if that State is
certified by the Administrator as capable  of  exercising  adequate controls to
assure  that such registration will be in accord with the  purposes of this Act
and if  registration for such use has  not  previously been denied, disapproved,
or canceled by  the Administrator. Such registration shall  be deemed regis-
tration under section 3 for  all purposes  of  this Act, but  shall authorize

                                            19
P.L. 94-140
89SUt. 752.
Publication
in Federal
Bcfister.

-------
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 751.
    P.L. 94-140
    89 Stat. 752
Publications in
Federal Register.
Publications in
Federal Register.
     P.L. 94-140
     89 Stat. 753
   84 Stat. 1670.
   15 USC 1471
   note.
distribution and use only within such State and shall not be effective for
more than 90 days if disapproved by the Administrator within that period.

"SEC. 25. AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATOR.
  "(a)  (1) REGULATIONS.—The Administrator is authorized  in accordance
with the procedure described  in paragraph (2), to prescribe  regulations to
carry out  the provisions  of  this  Act. Such regulations  shall take  into
account  the difference in concept  and usage between various classes  of
pesticides.
      (2) PROCEDURE.	
          "(A) PROPOSED REGULATIONS.—At least 60  days prior to signing
        any proposed  regulation for publication in the  Federal  Register,
        the Administrator shall provide the Secretary of  Agriculture with
        a copy of such regulation.  If  the Secretary  comments in writing
        to the Administrator  regarding any such regulation within 30 days
        after receiving it, the Administrator shall publish in the Federal
        Register   (with  the  proposed  regulation)  the comments  of  the
        Secretary  and  the response of  the  Administrator with regard  to
        the Secretary's comments. If  the Secretary does  not comment  in
        writing to the Administrator  regarding  the  regulation within 30
        days after receiving it, the Administrator may sign such regulation
        for publication in  the Federal Register any time after such 30-day
        period notwithstanding  the  foregoing 60-day  time requirement.
          " (B) FINAL REGULATIONS.—At least 30 days prior to signing any
        regulation in final form for publication in the  Federal Register, the
        Administrator  shall provide the Secretary  of Agriculture with a
        copy of such regulation. If the Secretary comments in writing  to
        the Administrator regarding any such final  regulation within  15
        days  after receiving  it, the  Administrator  shall  publish in  the
        Federal Register (with  the  final regulation)  the comments of the
        Secretary, if requested  by the  Secretary,  and the response of the
        Administrator  concerning the Secretary's comments. If the Secre-
        tary does not  comment in writing to  the Administrator regarding
        the regulation  within 15 days after receiving  it, the Administrator
        may  sign such regulation for publication in  the  Federal  Register
         at any time after such 15-day period notwithstanding the  foregoing
        30-day time requirement.
           "(C) TIME  REQUIREMENTS.—The time requirements imposed  by
        subparagraphs  (A) and (B)  may be waived or modified to the
        extent agreed  upon by  the  Administrator and the Secretary.
           " (D) PUBLICATION  IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER.—The Administrator
        shall,  simultaneously with  any  notification  to  the Secretary  of
        Agriculture under this paragraph prior  to  the  issuance of  any
        proposed  or  final regulation,  publish  such  notification  in  the
        Federal Register.".
      "(3)  CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—At such  time as the  Administra-
    tor is  required under paragraph (2) of this subsection  to  provide  the
    Secretary of  Agriculture  with a copy of proposed regulations and a
    copy of the final form of regulations, he shall  also furnish a  copy  of
    such regulations to the  Committee  on Agriculture of the House  of
    Representatives and the Committee  on Agriculture and Forestry of the
    Senate."
  "(b)  EXEMPTION  OF PESTICIDES.—The Administrator may exempt from
the requirements of this Act by regulation any pesticide which he determines
either (1)  to be adequately regulated by another Federal agency, or (2) to
be of a character  which is unnecessary to be subject to this Act in order to
carry out the purposes of this  Act.
  "(c)  OTHER AUTHORITY.—The Administrator,  after notice and oppor-
tunity for hearing, is authorized—
       "(1) to declare  a pest  any form  of plant  or animal life (other  than
     man and other than bacteria, virus, and  other micro-organisms on or
     in living man or other living animals) which  is  injurious to  health or
     the environment:
       "(2)  to determine  any pesticide which contains any  substance  or
     substances in  quantities highly toxic to man;
       "(3)  to establish  standards  (which shall  be  consistent with  those
     established under  the authority of  the  Poison  Prevention Packaging
     Act (Public Law 91-601)) with respect to the package, container, or
     wrapping in which a pesticide or device is enclosed for use or  consump-
     tion, in order to protect children and adults from serious injury or illness
     resulting from accidental ingestion or contact with pesticides  or devices
     regulated by this Act as well as to accomplish the other purposes of
     this Act;
       "(4) to specify those classes of devices which shall be subject to any

                          20

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    provision of paragraph 2(q)(l) or section 7 of this Act upon his deter-
    mination that application of such provision is necessary to effectuate
    the purposes of this Act;
      "(5)  to prescribe regulations requiring  any pesticide to be colored
    or discolored if he  determines  that such requirement is  feasible and is
    necessary  for  the protection of health and the environment;  and
      "(6)  to determine and establish suitable names  to be used in  the
    ingredient statement.
  "(d) SCIENTIFIC  ADVISORY PANEL.—The Administrator shall submit to an
advisory panel for  comment as to the impact on health and the environment
of the action proposed  in notices of intent issued  under section 6(b)  and
of the proposed  and final  form of regulations  issued under  section 25 (a)
within the same time periods  as provided for the comments of the Secretary
of Agriculture under such sections. The  time  requirements for notices of
intent and  proposed and final forms of regulation  may not be  modified or
waived unless  in addition to meeting the  requirements of section  6(b) or
25(a), as  applicable, the  advisory panel  has  failed  to  comment  on  the
proposed action  within the  prescribed  time period or  has  agreed to  the
modification or  waiver. The comments  of the  advisory  panel  and  the
response of the Administrator shall be published in the Federal Register in
the same manner as provided for publication of the comments of the Secre-
tary of Agriculture under such sections. The panel referred  to  in this  sub-
section shall consist of seven  members appointed by the Administrator from
a list of 12 nominees, six nominated  by the National Institutes of Health,
and six by the National  Science Foundation. The Administrator may require
such information  from  the  nominees  to  the advisory panel as he  deems
necessary,  and he  shall  publish in the Federal Register  the name, address,
and professional affiliations of each nominee.  Each  member of the panel
shall receive per  diem  compensation  at a rate not in excess of that fixed
for GS-18  of the General Schedule as may be determined by the Adminis-
trator, except  that any  such member who holds another office or position
under  the  Federal Government the compensation  for which exceeds  such
rate may elect to  receive compensation at the  rate provided for such other
office or position in lieu of  the compensation  provided  by this subsection.
In  order to assure the objectivity of the advisory panel,  the  Administrator
shall promulgate  regulations regarding  conflicts of interest with respect to
the members of the panel.".

"SEC. 26. SEVERABILITY.
   "If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to  any person or
circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity shall not affect other provisions
or  applications of  this Act which can be given effect without regard to the
invalid provision or application,  and to this  end the  provisions of  this  Act
are severable.

"SEC. 27.  AUTHORIZATION FOR APPROPRIATIONS.
   "There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary
to  carry out the provisions of  this Act for each of the fiscal years ending
June 30, 1973, June 30, 1974, and  June 30,  1975.  The amounts authorized
to  be appropriated for  any fiscal year ending after June 30,  1975, shall be
the sums hereafter provided by law."
   "There are  hereby authorized  to be appropriated to carry  out the provi-
sions of this Act  for  the period beginning October  1,  1975,  and ending
September  30, 1976, the sum of  $47,868,000, and for the period beginning
October 1, 1976, and ending March 31, 1977, the  sum of $23,600,000."
P.L. 94-140
89 Stat. 753

7 USC 1S6«L
7 USC 136w.
Publication in
Federal Register.
Member*.
Poblication in
Federal Register.
Compensation.
5 USC 5332
note.

P.I.. 94-140
89 Slal. 754


Regulations.
P.L. 94-140
89 Stat. 752
                       AMENDMENTS TO OTHER ACTS

   SEC. 3. The following Acts are amended by striking out the terms "eco-
nomic poisons" and "an economic poison" wherever they appear and insert-
ing in lieu thereof "pesticides" and "a pesticide" respectively:

       (1)  The Federal Hazardous Substances Act, as amended  (15  U.S.C.
     1261 etseq.);
       (2)  The Poison  Prevention Packaging Act,  as amended  (15  U.S.C.
     1471 et seq.); and
       (3)  The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic  Act,  as  amended  (21
     U.S.C. 301 etseq.).
74 Stat. 1305.

84 Stat. 1870.

52 Stat. 1040.
                   EFFECTIVE DATES OF PROVISIONS OF ACT

  SEC. 4.  (a)  Except as  otherwise  provided  in the  Federal  Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended by  this Act,  and as otherwise
provided by this section, the amendments made by this Act shall take 'effect

                                             21

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pf OTUIOSK*
«1 Stet. 1U.
7 USC 13S
note.
P.L. 44-140
89 Stst. 752
  P.L. 94-140
  89 Stat. 752

(1 Stet. IBS.
7 USC 135
note.

  P.L. 94-140
  89 Stat. 752
  P.L. 94-140
  I* Slit. 753
  P.L. 94-140
  89 Stat. 753
at the close of the date of the enactment of this Act, provided if regulations
are necessary for the implementation of  any provision that becomes effec-
tive on the date .of enactment,  such regulations  shall be promulgated  and
shall  become effective within 90 days from the date of enactment  of  this
Act.
   (b) The provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and  Rodenticide
Act and the regulations thereunder as such existed prior to the enactment
of this Act shall remain in effect until superseded by the amendments made
by this Act and regulations thereunder: Provided, That all  provisions made
by these amendments and  all  regulations  thereunder shall  be  effective
within five years after the enactment of  this Act.
   (c)(l) Two years after the enactment of this Act the Administrator shall
have  promulgated regulations providing for the  registration  and classifica-
tion  of  pesticides under  the provisions  of this  Act and  thereafter  shall
register all new applications under such provisions.
   (2) After two years but within five years after  the  enactment of this  Act
the Administrator shall  register and reclassify pesticides  registered under
the provisions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and  Rodenticide  Act
prior to  the effective date of the regulations promulgated  under 'subsection
   (3) Any requirements that a pesticide be registered for use  only by a
certified applicator shall not be effective until five years from the date of
enactment of this Act.
   (4) A period of five years from date of  enactment shall be provided for
certification of applicators.
       (A)  One year  after the enactment  of this  Act the  Administrator
     shall have prescribed the standards for the certification of applicators.
       (B)  Within four years  after the enactment of this Act each  State
     desiring to certify applicators shall submit a State plan to the Adminis-
     trator  for the purpose provided by section 4(b).
       (C)  As promptly as possible  but in no  event more than one year
     after submission  of a State plan,  the Administrator shall approve the
     State plan or disapprove  it and  indicate the reasons  for disapproval.
     Consideration of plans resubmitted by States  shall be expedited.
   (5) One year after the enactment  of this Act the Administrator shall
have promulgated  and shall make effective  regulations relating to the regis-
tration of establishments, permits for experimental use, and the keeping of
books and  records under the provisions of this Act.
   (d) No person shall be subject to any criminal or civil  penalty imposed
by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended by
this Act, for any act  (or failure to act) occurring before  the expiration of
60 days after  the  Administrator has published  effective regulations  in the
Federal Register and taken such other action as may  be necessary to permit
compliance with the provisions under which the penalty is to be imposed.
   (e) For purposes of determining any criminal or civil penalty  or liability
to any third person in respect of  any act or omission occurring  before the
expiration of the periods referred  to  in this section, the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide,  and Rodenticide Act shall be treated as continuing in effect as
if this Act had not been enacted.
                              Public Law 92-516
                          92nd Congress, H. R. 10729
                               October 21, 1972
LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY:
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 92-511 (Comm. on Agriculture) and No.  92-1540  (Comm. of
                  Conference) .
SENATE REPORTS: No.  92-838  (Comm. on Agriculture and Forestry) and No. 92-
                   970 (Comm.  on  Commerce).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
    Vol.  117 (1971): Nov. 8, 9, considered and passed House.
    Vol.  118 (1972): Sept. 26, considered  and passed Senate,  amended.
                   Oct. 5, Senate agreed to conference report.
                   Oct. 12, House agreed  to conference report.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL  DOCUMENTS:
    Vol.  8, No. 44 (1972):  Oct. 21, Presidential statement.

                              Public LAW 94-140
                           94th Congress, H. R. 8841
                              November 28, 1975
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY:
HOUSE REPORTS:  No.  94-497 (Comm. on  Agriculture) and No.  94-668  (Comm.  of
                   Conference) .
SENATE REPORT No. 94-452 (Comm. on Agriculture and  Forestry).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Vol. 121 (1975>:
    Sept. 26. Oct. 3, 9. considered and passed House.
    Nov. 12, considered and passed Senate, amended.
    Nov. 18. Home agreed to conference report.
    Nov. 19, Senate  agreed to conference report.
                                             89 STAT. 755
                                       22
                   •ir U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1976  O-224-947

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