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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MSW
REGIONAL AND HEADQUARTERS
GRANT/CONTRACT OUTPUT DIRECTORY
Section
I. Composting
n. Educational Programs/Curricula
m. Integrated Waste Management Implementation
A. General
B. Waste Stream Analysis
C. Alternative Financing Mechanisms
D. Regionalization
E. Siting
IV. Land Disposal
V. Recycling
A. General
B. Market Development/Procurement
Page Number
3
12
15
16
17
18
20
23
33
VI. Source Reduction
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MSW
REGIONAL AND HEADQUARTERS
GRANT/CONTRACT OUTPUT DIRECTORY2
I. COMPOSTING
* Agriculture and Natural Resources Compost Handbook. Montgomery, AL: Alabama
Department of Environmental Management, 1992.
This handbook contains information on designing and establishing a backyard compost
bin, the benefits of composting, and vermicomposting. It also includes a municipal
composting guide providing information on yard waste collection, different considerations,
marketing ideas, and cost/benefit worksheets.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Backyard Composting. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Environmental Affairs, 1992.
This report documents the process and results of Boulder's neighborhood backyard
composting program. The program proved to be less expensive than the municipal
composting pilot program (documented in a separate report), and if done on a large scale,
could be comparable in cost to local landfill tipping fees. The program was also successful
in bringing composting information to residents who had never composted before, but was
judged to be a somewhat time-consuming method for reaching these individuals. The report
also contains recommendations for implementation of an expanded backyard composting
program.
Region: VII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
2 *Denotes new entry.
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Cedar Grove Compost: User's Guide For Landscape Professionals. Seattle, WA: Seattle
Solid Waste Utility, 1991.
This 18-page booklet describes yard waste composting processes at the Cedar Grove
Composting Facility in Maple Valley, Washington. Yard waste is recycled into a valuable
compost product. It presents guidelines for amending topsoil, mulching, and growing
nursery stock.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Compost Testing and Analysis; Final Report. Seattle, WA: Seattle Solid Waste Utility,
February 1991.
In 1989, the City of Seattle started its yard waste curbside and transfer station
program. In 1990, the City program collected nearly 50,000 tons of yard waste, which was
composted at the Cedar Grove Composting Facility in Maple Valley, Washington. This
document presents information to the City of Seattle and the public on the quality of the
compost produced at the Facility. The data should also aid in developing criteria and
standards for use by various City departments in establishing specifications for suppliers of
topsoil and/or soil amendments.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
E.A.S.Y. (Environmental Action Starts in vour Yard) Lawn Mowing. Koski, Tony, and
Carl Wilson. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University Cooperative Extension, March
1990. Denver, CO: Colorado State Cooperative Extension, March 1990.
Grass clippings from lawns in the Denver area are estimated to contribute about 25%
of the solid waste stream during the grass growing season. To significantly reduce the
amount of grass clippings going to landfills, the Lawn Mowing brochure was written to
educate the public about alternatives to bagging its grass clippings.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
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Environmental Fact Sheet: Yard Waste Composting. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, January 1991.
This fact sheet explains what yard wastes are, why they are being banned from some
landfills, and why leaf burning is not considered a suitable management practice. The fact
sheet also defines composting, explains the composting process, and describes how compost
can be used.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Hope Pillsbury
Phone: (202) 260-2797
* Focus Meeting on Compost Quality and Facility Standards. Minneapolis, MN: State of
Washington Department of Ecology, November 6-8, 1991.
This document presents a summary of discussions among representatives from States
and Canadian Provinces that have drafted or promulgated compost standards. Topics
include: regulatory development; different regulatory approaches, such as risk- based, no net
degradation, and best achievable approach; the proposed 503 Sludge Rule; compost
parameters; threshold values for the presence of metals; and future research needs. The
minutes also include a Summary Matrix of State Compost Regulations and Guidance.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Kim Carr
Phone: (202) 260-7600
* Home Composter Handbook. Athens, GA: Cooperative Extension Service, The
University of Georgia, April 1992.
This handbook provides technical information on composting, directions for
constructing bins and building a compost pile, answers to frequently asked questions,
guidelines for starting a community program, and a sample layout and signs for a composting
demonstration site. Brochures on composting, mulching, and grasscycling are included in
this handbook. The purpose of the handbook is to provide local organizers with the
necessary tools to initiate home composting education programs in their communities.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Mulching and Backyard Composting Guidebook. Lansing, MI: Michigan Department of
Natural Resources, February 1991.
This guide introduces the principles of organic material resource recovery for
residential use. Homeowners are encouraged to mulch or compost their yard waste instead
of bagging the material for disposal in landfills or incinerators. Construction of a compost
pile, maintenance of the pile, and end uses for compost and mulch are discussed. The guide
also offers a list of compost bin manufacturers and sources of additional information.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
Recycle Boulder; Leaf Composting. Boulder, CO: US EPA Region VIII and the City of
Boulder, CO, 1989.
This final report of the pilot yard waste composting project conducted by the City of
Boulder describes the successes and limitations of composting under the extreme weather
conditions common in the Rocky Mountains and makes recommendations for improved
operations under other programs in this area.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Yard Trash Composting-Process and Product Evaluation. Gainesville, FL: University
of Florida, 1992.
This is the final report of a project that evaluated several composting processes (static
pile, windrow, and in-bin system) and the effects of particle size and nitrogen additives. The
evaluation was accomplished through temperature measurements, chemical analyses of the
compost, weed seed germination studies, and plant growth measurements.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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H. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS/CURRICULA
* Critical Issues Conference for Teachers. New York, NY: Hackensack Meadowlands
Development Commission, 1989.
The commission presented a conference to provide the most current information and
materials available on solid waste issues for educators to incorporate into their programs.
The conference included a field trip arranged for 250 students from eight inner-city schools.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
* Environmental Action Coalition Education Package. New York, NY: Environmental
Action Coalition, 1992.
The Environmental Action Coalition (EAC) produced a number of educational guides
and programs, pertaining to recycling and waste reduction. These guides include:
• "Outline of Introductory Lesson Used by the Environmental Action Coalition for
Grades K-l"
• "Outline of Introductory Lesson Used by the Environmental Action Coalition for
Grades 2-8"
• "Outline of Teacher Training Workshop Conducted by the Environmental Action
Coalition"
• "Script to Slide Show for Grades K-3 The Garbage Monster"
• "Script to Slide Show for Grades 4-12 Recycling in New York: You Can Be A Part Of
It"
• "Suggestions for using Don't Waste Waste, an interdisciplinary curriculum guide that
explains 32 activities for the classroom and is available from the Environmental
Action Coalition"
• "Establishing A School Recycling Program: Sample Action Plan"
• "Educational Materials On Recycling Bibliography"
• "Recycling Week Suggested Activities"
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• "Recycling Programs in New York City"
• "Educational Materials Available From the Environmental Action Coalition"
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
* Gone With the Waste. Atlanta, GA: US EPA Region IV, Office of Solid Waste, June
1992.(Video)
Gone With the Waste is an educational video depicting our nation's solid waste
dilemma and the alternatives that individuals, working within the framework of EPA's
Integrated Waste Management Hierarchy, can take to help reduce the flow of waste sent to
landfills. The video focuses on the Southeast and on source reduction methods, consumer
selections, and recycling options available to individuals.
Region: IV
Contact: Tom Scalf
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Karst Curriculum Guide. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave Conservation Association,
Inc., November 1990.
This curriculum resource guide is meant to assist educators in finding and utilizing
materials for their classroom. The guide is targeted to Grades 4-8 and is divided into two
main subject areas: cave and karst materials and ground-water materials. The teachers
background section could be used either as text for high school students or to develop
classroom materials for other grade levels. The guide includes the American Ground Water
Trust's "Ground Water Education in America's Schools."
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Learning to Live with Caves and Karst. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave
Conservation Association, Inc., November 1990.
This slide show discusses the problems of disposing MSW in karst areas, areas
characterized by soils too thin to adequately protect underlying ground water from dumpsite
runoff. Approximately 20% of the United States is underlain by karst.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Municipal Solid Waste Management System—A Teacher's Guide. Denver, CO: US EPA
Region VIII, December 1990.
This guide provides teachers with sample lessons for Grades K-12. The lessons are
designed to help students gain knowledge and make decisions regarding waste reduction,
recycling, composting, sanitary landfill design, and safe incineration. The guide is printed
on recycled paper.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
* Municipal Solid Waste Management; 1991 Teachers Guide. Aurora, CO: Aurora
Public Schools, 1991.
This guide addresses municipal solid waste disposal problems and practices, with an
emphasis on incineration, batteries, used oil, plastics, and tires. Lessons are provided for
both elementary and secondary teachers. These lessons provide for the active participation of
students in both projects and discussion. Beyond the introduction to each topic and the
extensive projects, the guide also provides both a list of additional resources for each topic
and teaching aids such as graphs and charts.
Region: XIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Solid Waste; The Crisis of the 90's. New York, NY: Hackensack Meadowlands
Development Commission, 1990.
The Commission presented a three-day seminar for state and local officials, and the
private sector, covering identification of the solid waste problem, the roles of various
sectors, and options for improvement. Nine video tapes were produced, covering the entire
seminar. These include: "Recycling and Incineration—Perfect Together," "Recycling
Markets: Buy! Sell!," and "The Need for Standardizing Waste Classification," among others.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
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* Teaching Toxics; Creating Solutions to Household Pollution. Montpelier, VT:
Association of Vermont Recyclers, 1992.
This guide serves as a teacher's resource book for activities designed to increase
student awareness of household hazardous wastes, alternatives to hazardous materials, and
proper management of household hazardous wastes. The guide is divided into activities for
Grades K-3, Grades 4-6, Grades 7-8, and Grades 9-12. Also included is an information
section on household hazardous wastes and a general resource section.
Region: I
Contact: Anni Loughlin
Phone: (617) 223-5530
Wisconsin Recycling Education Program. Chicago, IL: US EPA Region V and the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, April 1991.
Three sets of educational materials are included in this output. The School
Component features three teacher handbooks. The "Recycling Study Guide" for grades 9-12
includes instructional strategies for teachers and activities for students, linking recycling with
science, technology, and society curricula. The "Grades K-3 Supplement to the Recycling
Study Guide" covers recycling basics for Grades K-3. An action handbook, "The Fourth
'R'," provides initiatives and examples for practicing recycling in the classroom and
throughout the school system. Supplemental materials include "Recycling Facts and Figures"
and "Recycling Games and Quizzes". The State Parks Component includes: "The Nature's
Recycler's Activity Book" (indoor and outdoor activities for children and adults at home,
school, or park/recreation areas); the "Nature's Recycler's Coloring Book" (basic recycling
concepts for youngsters); and the Wisconsin Explorers Program (interpretive aids for 4th
through 6th graders exploring parks, forests, and recreation areas while earning certification
as Wisconsin Explorers). The 4-H Component provides materials for the "Recycling the 4-H
Way" promotion program. This program, modeled after the 4-H Dairy Awards program
with prizes awards at the district and state level, includes a promotional brochure, Club
Recycling Activity Planning Sheet, Activity Reporting Form, Score Card for club leaders,
and list of potential county fair projects with a recycling theme.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
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The Wonderful World of Recycle. Denver, CO: US EPA Region VIII and Recycle Now,
February 1990.
This 13-minute video, designed for children in Grades K-4, addresses the topic of
recycling glass, plastic, paper, and aluminum.
Region: VIII
Contact: George Donnelly
Phone: (303) 293-1818
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HI. INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
A. General
Analysis of Solid Waste Management Alternatives. Nixon, NV: The Pyramid Lake Paiute
Tribe, January 1990.
This study assesses the existing solid waste management system of the Pyramid Lake
Paiute Indian Tribe, evaluates alternative disposal systems, and recommends a procedure to
handle the Tribe's solid waste so as to meet its needs and fulfill the requirements of Title 40
of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 258. The assessment and recommendation will also
be incorporated into an application for a HUD Community Development Block Grant to
assist in funding capital expenses of the selected waste management system.
Region: IX
Contact: Jeff Scott
Phone: (415) 744-2091
Curbing Waste in a Throwaway World; Report of the Task Force on Solid Waste
Management. Washington, D.C.: National Governors' Association, May 1990.
This is the report of the National Governors' Association Task Force on Solid Waste
Management. The task force focused on solutions that involve, in fact depend upon, the
individual as much as they do industry and government.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 330-1667
Decision-Makers Guide to Solid Waste Management. Volume I. Washington, D.C.: US
EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, November 1989.
Volume I of the Decision-Makers Guide is designed to help policy makers understand
their present waste management problems, offer possible techniques for solving them, and
explain how these solutions influence each other.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Sarah Carney
Phone: (202) 260-7597
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* Draft Arizona State Subtitle D Review. San Francisco, CA: Science Applications
International Corporation, March 18, 1992.
This review was conducted to identify potential issues concerning Arizona's legal
authority and regulatory program to ensure compliance with the recently promulgated RCRA
Subtitle D landfill criteria. The results of the review are presented in this report. The report
includes (1) a statutory review assessing whether the statutes provide adequate authority to
ensure compliance with and implementation of the Subtitle D criteria, and (2) a subpart-by-
subpart review of the regulations to determine the State's ability to impose and enforce the
specific requirements of Part 258 landfill criteria.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* Draft Nevada State Subtitle D Review. San Francisco, CA: Science Applications
International Corporation, March 2, 1992.
This review was conducted to identify potential issues concerning Nevada's legal
authority and regulatory program to ensure compliance with the recently promulgated RCRA
Subtitle D landfill criteria. The results of the review are presented in this report. The report
includes (1) a statutory review assessing whether the statutes provide adequate authority to
ensure compliance with and implementation of the Subtitle D criteria, and (2) a subpart-by-
subpart review of the regulations to determine the State's ability to impose and enforce the
specific requirements of Part 258 landfill criteria.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Interim Report of the Governor's Task Force on Integrated Solid Waste Management.
Denver, CO: Governor's Task Force on Integrated Solid Waste Management, January 1990.
A critical issue facing Colorado in the 1990's is how to manage the increasing
quantities of solid waste generated within the state. This interim report summarizes the
current issues and presents some short-term recommendations.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
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* Municipal Solid Waste Management; A Guide to Training Opportunities. San
Francisco, CA: Science Applications International Corporation, June 1992.
This guide contains information about training opportunities and resources on solid
waste management. The goal is to provide government agency officials and solid waste
facility owners or operators easy access to information on the following: landfill
management training, information on compliance with Subtitle D landfill criteria, pollution
prevention training, universities that offer solid waste management courses and certificate
programs, instruction in public finance, on-line databases and information networks, and
organizations that can provide additional information on solid waste management training
opportunities.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Municipal Solid Waste Needs Assessment: Final Report. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region
X, September 1989.
This report is the outcome of the start of Region X's development of programs,
policies and priorities for helping the various Pacific Northwest jurisdictions cope with the
rapid changes underway in solid waste management. Region X saw the need to increase its
understanding of the concerns facing the industry and solid waste managers at the State and
local level. This report identifies areas of concern where some type of EPA involvement
might be useful.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
North Dakota Solid Waste Symposium. Bismarck, ND: US EPA Region VIII and North
Dakota Department of Health, October 1990.
Representatives from government, industry, environmental groups, and consulting
firms present and discuss ideas regarding potential solutions for solid waste problems in
North Dakota. Topics include: environmentalism and economic growth, recycling, transfer
station technology, markets, waste reduction, landfill technology, materials recovery, public
policy, legislative proposals, composting, ground water/geotechnical considerations at North
Dakota landfills, local government issues, paper in the waste stream, NIMBYs and LULUs,
incineration and waste-to-energy, and public education. The proceedings conclude with a
resource list.
Region: VIII
Contact: Jerry Allen
Phone: (303) 293-1496
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* Special Waste Management Options: An Analysis of Six State Programs. San
Francisco, CA: Science Applications International Corporation, June 1992.
This report analyzes the waste management approaches used for lead acid batteries,
waste oil, and scrap tires in six states. The programs analyzed provided a range of waste
management options for dealing with the unique and difficult problems associated with these
wastes. Major components of each state program are discussed, including program goals,
approach, implementing agency, compliance monitoring and enforcement, and funding.
Program resource requirements and program performance are also discussed. Appendices
provide copies of statutes and regulations, additional sources of information, and selected
literature on management of special wastes.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* SWATS; Solid Waste Automated Tracking System Users Manual. San Francisco, CA:
Science Applications International Corporation, March 1992.
This manual provides information on the Solid Waste Automated Tracking System
(SWATS). SWATS is a menu driven data management system used to store, retrieve, query,
summarize, and graphically portray information on solid waste landfills located in EPA
Region IX. Information can be found on the number of landfills in a defined area, landfill
status, permit status, ownership, waste received, closure/capacity analysis, whether the
landfill is subject to Part 258 criteria or exempt, and potential environmental risk factors (as
indicated by location with respect to aquifers, surface water, wetlands, and population
centers).
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
B. Waste Stream Analysis
Waste as a Resource for the Future; Recoverable Resource Audit Handbook. New
York, NY: US EPA Region II, World Congress of Local Governments, September 1990.
The handbook is designed as a tool to guide communities toward developing strategies
and alternatives for municipal solid waste management in the future. Its use will assist local
governments in their efforts to characterize waste streams to identify those resources that are
valuable commodities.
Region: II
Contact: Michael DeBonis
Phone: (212) 264-0002
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C. Alternative Financing Mechanisms
Coping with Solid Waste in the 1990's II Conference. Lake Tahoe, NV: US EPA Region
IX Public-Private Partnership, November 1990.
The two-day conference featured four sessions addressing solid waste issues of major
concern to cities and towns: determining the future costs of their systems, accessing national
capital markets, implementing user fees, and finding alternative systems to reduce
management costs. Each session was designed to introduce the audience to the basic issues
and promote discussion of the issues among the panelists. The brochure explains the purpose
of the conference, outlines the agenda, and provides a registration form and logistical
information for attending the conference.
Headquarters: Office of Administration and Resources Management
Contact: Gene Pontillo
Phone: (202) 260-6044
* Solid Waste Contract Negotiation Handbook. Eugene, OR: Bureau of Government
Research, University of Oregon, 1992.
This handbook discusses the advantages and disadvantages of intergovernmental and
public/private partnerships for solid waste management. The handbook also serves as a
guide to the complicated contract negotiation process. Case studies and model contract
provisions from solid waste management contracts are provided. The target audience is local
government officials involved in selecting and implementing solid waste management
alternatives. However, the handbook should prove beneficial to anyone in contract
negotiations.
Region: X
Contact: Paula vanHaagen
Phone: (206) 553-1847
Variable Rates in Solid Waste; Handbook for Solid Waste Officials. Seattle, WA: US
EPA Region X, City of Seattle Solid Waste Utility, June 1990.
This handbook assists local solid waste officials in analyzing a number of aspects
related to making decisions about solid waste system changes, with detailed emphasis on
factors related to changes to the fee system. Volume I consists of the Executive Summary.
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Volume II is a detailed manual organized in a manner to more easily lead readers throughout
the complex issues involved in completing such an evaluation. This manual consists of six
major parts, each divided into specific subsections.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
D. Regionalization
Analysis of the Policy Implications of Regional MSW Disposal. Seattle, WA: US Region
X and Ross & Associates, August 1990.
This report is intended for an audience of State and local policymakers who, through
the choices they are making now, are shaping the manner in which MSW will be managed
for the next several decades in the Pacific Northwest. It is not a guide to implementing
regionalization, nor a how-to-manual for local decisionmakers. It is, however, intended to
prompt discussion throughout the region of the implications that these regional changes will
have on each community.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Joining Forces; A Solid Waste Equipment Sharing Methodology. Asheville, NC: Land-
of-Sky Regional Council, January 1992.
This report provides an in-depth description of the rural community equipment
sharing project (see below). The pieces of equipment considered under this project are a
compost turner, wood grinder, and tire shredder. Discussion of ownership and operation
arrangements, funding, legal issues, and items to be addressed in a formal agreement are
included in the report.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Joining Forces; A Solid Waste Equipment Sharing Pilot Project. Asheville, NC: Land-
of-Sky Regional Council, January 1992.
This project investigated the feasibility of sharing solid waste processing equipment
among four rural counties. Such a cooperative sharing agreement would allow rural
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communities to obtain equipment that none could afford individually and also would make
more efficient use of the equipment by decreasing idle time. This final report summarizes
the decision-making process that led to the agreement to share a compost windrow turner.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
See also: Recycling, Southwest Recycling: Creating a Regional Market.
E. Siting
* EIS Review Handbook; Municipal Solid Waste Facilities. San Francisco, CA: PRC
Environmental Management, Inc., August 1992.
This handbook is designed to assist individuals in reviewing Environmental Impact
Statements (EIS), as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), for
landfills, materials recovery facilities, and composting plants. The handbook provides a
detailed outline and discussion of the required components of an EIS, including the proposed
action and alternatives, affected resource and environmental consequences, and potential
mitigating measures. The handbook also discussed NEPA's relationship to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
Region: IX
Contact: Christy Camp
Phone: (415) 744-2097
* Nevada Rural Landfill Study-Landfill Inventory. Site Selection, and Detailed
Characterization; Phase I Report. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering, Inc., December
1991.
In response to the revised Federal landfill criteria, the Nevada Division of
Environmental Protection initiated a project to develop alternative performance-based
standards which would satisfy the intent of the Federal criteria in a fiscally manageable
manner. The Phase I Report includes a comprehensive inventory and identification of rural
landfill sites and characteristics. The identified sites are categorized based on site-specific
criteria. Representative sites from each group were identified, and detailed waste and soil
characterizations were performed and included in this report.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
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* Nevada Rural Landfill Study: Phase II Report. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering,
Inc., May 1992.
The aim of this report is to develop a multi-faceted program geared toward the
following goals: developing an assessment tool to predict the relative risk of adverse
environmental impacts posed by rural landfills; defining risk reduction alternatives consistent
with the compliance criteria of Subtitle D Regulations; identifying relative costs of
compliance under mandatory, flexible and small landfill exemption scenarios; and discussing
various management issues that may assist owners/operators in satisfying compliance criteria.
Phase II of the study applies a simplified risk assessment model, based on the HELP n
hydrogeologic model, to the representative sites identified in the Phase I Report.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* Risk Assessment Guidelines for Owners & Operators of Rural Municipal Solid Waste
Landfills. Carson City, NV: Vector Engineering, Inc., June 1992.
This users guide will assist owners/operators of rural municipal solid waste facilities
in making decisions regarding the continued operations and management of existing
municipal landfill sites. This is to be used as an accompaniment to the detailed technical
Phase II Report listed above.
Region: IX
Contact: Jim Vreeland
Phone: (415) 744-2096
Sites for Our Solid Waste; A Guidebook for Effective Public Involvement. Washington,
D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Office of
Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, March 1990.
This guidebook presents a strategy for effectively resolving conflicts that might
present themselves during the siting process for new waste disposal facilities. Public officials
are the primary audience for this guidebook, but citizens and industry professionals may
benefit from it as well.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Tim Jones
Phone: (202) 260-7920
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IV. LAND DISPOSAL
* Alternative Daily Cover Materials for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. San Francisco,
CA: PRC Environmental Management, Inc., June 1, 1992.
Federal regulations require that landfilled municipal solid waste be covered with six
inches of soil each day. However, some landfills lack adequate soil to meet these
requirements or need to preserve the capacity used up by these requirements. In such cases
they may turn to State regulatory agency approved alternative daily cover materials
(ADCMs) such as foam- or slurry-type products, geosynthetic products, indigenous
materials, or shredded municipal solid waste. This report presents the findings of an
information search for the various materials that can be used in place of the six inches of soil
requirement. Benefits and drawbacks of each material are discussed, as well as potential
conditions required for each material. Twenty slides are also available with the report.
Region: IX
Contact: Jeff Scott
Phone: (415) 744-2091
DRASTIC Evaluation of Potential for Groundwater Pollution from Landfilling in Hart
County. Kentucky. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave Conservation Association, Inc.,
July 1991.
The potential for ground water pollution in a terrain can be predicted from an
assessment of its relevant variations in surface, subsurface, and hydrologic characteristics;
for example, depth to water, net recharge, rock type (aquifer media), soil properties, slope of
topography, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers. A standard procedure for
systematically evaluating these characteristics and mapping their distribution known as
DRASTIC was used to assess the potential for polluting ground water in Hart County. The
results for the study show that "ground water in all of Hart County is susceptible to
pollution. There are no sites in the county suitable for a landfill...."
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Hart County Solid Waste Management Plan. Horse Cave, KY: The American Cave
Conservation Association, Inc., November 1990.
The plan describes existing solid waste management in the county and discusses
objectives of the plan that should be addressed by the county including: formation of solid
waste districts, location of suitable disposal sites, universal collection of solid waste,
reduction of illegal dumping, improved public attitudes and awareness, and increased
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recycling. The plan recommends that counties form solid waste management districts and
that their appointed solid waste management boards plan for solid waste management and
implement solutions.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Landfill Assessment and Closure Training Manual. Springfield, MA: Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, Department of Environmental Affairs, August 1991.
This manual is divided into two parts: technical guidance and administrative guidance.
The technical guidance section is intended for use by municipal officials, consultants, landfill
operators, and others involved in the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance,
and monitoring of landfills. The manual may serve as a standard reference document for
landfill design, construction, and QA/QC activities. Issues addressed in the first section
include: ground-water protection and final cover systems, construction certification, surface
water management, environmental monitoring programs, landfill assessments, and landfill
risk assessments. The administrative guidance section is meant to assist municipal officials,
solid waste committee members, and landfill owners/operators to prepare for assessment and
final closure of sanitary landfills. Issues addressed include: landfill assessment and closure
costs, financing solid waste assessment and closure, procuring contracting services, and
integrated solid waste management.
Region: I
Contact: Chuck Franks
Phone: (617) 573-9678
Learning to Live With Caves; Educational Programs. Horse Cave, KY: The American
Cave Association, Inc., November 1990.
This brochure describes common threats to ground water in karst areas, explains what
karst is, provides recycling facts, and outlines the caveland solid waste management
initiative.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Report on the Initial Investigation for the Proposed Reclamation of the Town of
Edinbure Municipal Landfill. Saratoga County. N.Y.. New York, NY: US EPA Region
II, February 1990.
This is the final report of the landfill reclamation project, Tasks 1 and 2, in the town
of Edinburg, New York.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
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V. RECYCLING
A. General
* Aluminum Can Recycling Program Summary Report for Sunbelt Agricultural
Exposition. Atlanta, GA: US EPA Region IV, Office of Solid Waste, November 1991.
This report summarizes planning and implementation of the first recycling program to
take place at the Sunbelt Agricultural Exposition, an event that attracted about 250,000
people during the three days of activities in Moultrie, Georgia. This program, the first
"event" recycling program in Georgia, was a cooperative effort, including the City of
Moultrie, Expo planners, Reynolds Aluminum, Coca-Cola, and EPA Region IV Office of
Solid Waste. The report outlines the contributions of each participating party, evaluates the
program, and provides recommendations to improve the program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* An Invitation to Recycle. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This thirty-second public service announcement features Coach Bill Curry
encouraging participation in the Lexington-Fayette curbside recycling program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Bay Area Reuse/Recvcle Guide. San Francisco, CA: PRC Environmental Management,
Inc., April 1992.
This guide lists over 500 locations where Bay Area residents may take recoverable
products to be reused or recycled. The guide is organized by county with subheadings for
various recoverable/recyclable materials. An index is provided for easy identification of
recoverable products and facilities that accept these products.
Region: IX
Contact: Donna Orebic
Phone: (415) 744-2092
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Citizens Guide-Recvcling in Virginia. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Waste
Management, US EPA Region III, October 1990.
This workbook gives concerned citizens more information about the planning,
program, and implementation activities that Virginia has been undertaking to address the
waste problem and protect the environment and natural resources. The workbook also
includes ideas on how individuals can reduce waste and reuse items that otherwise might be
thrown away.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
Decisionmaker's Guide to Recycling Plastics. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality, April 1991.
The guide is designed to assist community decision makers in determining the
feasibility of plastics recycling by resin types. The guide outlines characteristics of
successful plastics recycling programs, policy considerations, market considerations, and the
pros and cons of different types of collection programs. Information is also presented on
determining what type of plastic to collect and how to collect it. It includes data and
worksheets for estimating the amount of material to be recovered, startup and operating costs
based on the type of recycling program, and a resource reduction listing other sources of
information on markets, program planning, and new developments in plastics recycling.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Federal Recycling Programs Case Study; Henry M. Jackson Building. Seattle, WA: US
EPA Region X and General Services Administration, April 1991.
This case study documents the results of a recycling program in a Federal office
building in downtown Seattle and presents background on the waste audit and implementation
strategy. The results show how advantageous it can be to have custodial staff and
management vested in a recycling program. Their enthusiasm and hard work, as well as the
expertise of the recycling company, have made the program a success. The study was
drafted by EPA staff, with review and comment by GSA. The recycling company, Smurfitt
Recycling, provided up-to-date information. The waste audit and implementation strategy
were developed by Resource Integration Systems, Ltd. and Science Applications International
Corporation, under contract to EPA.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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* Final Report On Battery Recycling Project. New York, NY: Environmental Action
Coalition (EAC), January 1991.
This report describes the state of waste battery markets, source reduction of mercury
in alkaline batteries, and EAC's Collection Program. The report discusses region-specific
issues that must be addressed when considering a battery recycling project and also discusses
general conclusions about battery recycling programs.
Region: II
Contact: David Savetsky
Phone: (212) 264-0547
* Forgotten But Not Gone. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This video provides detailed instructions for proper curbside recycling as part of the
Lexington-Fayette curbside recycling "Rosie" program. The video also discusses general
landfill issues and yard waste composting.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* Grass Roots Recycling. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government,
1992. (Video)
This video discusses the benefits of home grass composting and provides information
on implementing such practices.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
INFORM's Special Report - Recycling Programs in Islip. New York, and Somerset
County. New York. New York, NY: US EPA Region II, 1991.
The Town of Islip and Somerset County have well established recycling programs that
have been in existence for more than five years. INFORM, an environmental research
organization, produced this report profiling waste volumes, solid waste management
facilities, administrative structures, and recycling goals in the two communities. The report
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also describes waste collection and recycling enforcement methods, and analyzes the
effectiveness and economics of each program, as well as providing findings and conclusions.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
Is Your Community Ready For Plastics?. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and Oregon
Department of Environmental Quality, April 1991.
This fact sheet summarizes both the Decisionmaker's Guide to Recycling Plastics and
a background study of current plastics recovery rates in Oregon: Current and Target
Recovery Rates for Plastics Packaging in Oregon (see above for a description of the
Decisionmaker's Guide). The study will be used by the Department of Environmental
Quality to develop recommendations on effective recycling rates for plastic resins for the
years 1992 to 2000.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
King County Home Waste Guide; A home tour through the world of waste reduction
and recycling. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and King County Solid Waste Division,
February 1990.
The purpose of the Home Waste Guide is to inform residents about waste reduction
and recycling opportunities at home. The guide will take you on a tour around the home in
the form of a simple and informative quiz. The guide also includes a Resource Catalog that
provides a list of resources to contact for additional waste reduction information, and the
Waste Reducer's Checklist that contains practical suggestions to reduce, reuse, recycle or
compost everyday waste.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
* Lets Make A Difference. Aurora, CO: City of Aurora, Colorado, 1992. (Video)
This video, produced in the style of a television game show, emphasizes plastics
recycling and ways individuals can contribute to plastics recycling and to the development of
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markets for recovered plastics. The city also produced a companion brochure that tests
knowledge gained from the video.
Region: XIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Model Recycling Plan and Program Guidelines for Local Jurisdictions. San Diego, CA:
San Diego Association of Governments, July 1990.
This document incorporates Federal, State and local solid waste and recycling
mandates, policies and guidelines. It provides one example of a comprehensive approach to
recycling planning and programming in the context of the State of California and San Diego
region's legislative, political, environmental and economic situation. The guidelines are
based on two important premises: local government recycling plans and programming efforts
must be coordinated on an area-wide basis to be fully effective, and recycling must be
approached in the context of total integrated solid waste management, with recycling and
source reduction as the top priorities. Also included is a matrix of the recycling activities-
local jurisdiction plans, programs and facilities—of 19 local governments in the San Diego
area.
Region: IX
Contact: Jeff Scott
Phone: (415) 744-2091
Office Paper Recycling; An Implementation Manual. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, January 1990.
This manual is designed to assist Federal agencies in planning, implementing, and
promoting a high-grade office paper recovery program. This manual should be useful to
anyone planning an office paper recycling program, including State and local government
agencies, commercial businesses and other private organizations.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Terry Grist
Phone: (202) 260-9718
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Office Recycling Handbook. Chicago, IL: US EPA, Office of Solid Waste Management
and General Services Administration, June 1990.
This manual has been designed for the facility or office manager who has accepted the
responsibility to improve the environment by making the conversion of office trash to
recovered resource a success.
Region: V
Contact: Jay Berfamini
Phone: (312) 886-7598
Office Recycling Handbook. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III and General Services
Administration Region III, February 1991.
This handbook is meant to evoke thought and provide assistance toward initiating a
recycling program in offices. The handbook also outlines methods to develop an effective
program. The methods presented can be adopted by any office, including Federal and State
agencies as well as private companies. In addition, a glossary of contacts and publications,
which may be useful in program development, is provided. Included as appendices are
several forms useful as tools to define the scope of your recycling program to help determine
the benefits companies will derive from recycling.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
* Once Is Not Enough! and Reduce. Reuse. Recycle!. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region
III. (Posters)
Region III has produced two posters promoting the theme of reduce, reuse, recycle.
Both posters contain examples of measures employees can take to conserve energy and
resources. A companion brochure discussing the same source reduction themes is also
available.
Region: III
Contact: Theresa Bickel Martella
Phone: (215) 597-3164
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Post Office Recycling Poster. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, November 1990. (Poster)
EPA developed this poster to promote recycling of unwanted mail.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Recycling in Federal Agencies. Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid
Waste, October 1990.
This pamphlet describes successful and innovative recycling programs that have been
initiated in the Federal government, and lists resources available to Federal agencies.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Terry Grist
Phone: (202) 260-9718
Recycling Guidelines: Retrofitting Commercial. Industrial, and Institutional Facilities
for the Collection and Storage of Recyclable Materials. San Diego, CA: San Diego
Association of Governments, June 1990.
This report establishes guidelines for changing the design, construction, or equipment
of recycling systems in existing facilities to incorporate later improvements. These
guidelines are intended to be used by both local governments and commercial building
owners/operators for the development of recycling systems in existing facilities. An
overview of commercial recycling retrofit issues is discussed and details by type of material
to be recycled are presented.
Region: IX
Contact: Jeff Scott
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* Recycling Nontraditional Materials; A Resource Guide to New Technology Options.
Rochester, NY: Center for Environmental Information, Inc., 1991.
This manual organizes background material, research in progress, and technological
advances in the recycling of nontraditional materials such as plastics, tires, batteries, oil, and
household hazardous wastes. In addition, government and industry contacts are listed, and a
bibliography is provided for each material.
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The information presented in this manual should be useful to decision makers
including local government officials and administrators, recycling coordinators, regional
planners, economic development representatives, consultants, and secondary materials
managers and marketers.
Region: II
Contact: Lorraine Graves
Phone: (212) 264-9638
* Recycling Plan; 1990-1994. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette Urban County
Government, July 1990.
The Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government has adopted a four year 25 %
recycling strategy. This strategy is composed of the following: curbside residential "Rosie"
program (13%), a voluntary "Corporate Commitment" program (10%), municipal collection
of recyclables in the downtown night time collection route (1%), and municipal collection of
recyclables at schools and apartment complexes (1%). These programs are detailed in the
Recycling Plan.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Recycling Office Waste Paper; A Step bv Step Guide. Denver, CO: US EPA Region VIII
and Colorado Office of Energy Conservation, April 1990.
This guide explains the process for establishing a cost efficient and environmentally
responsible recycling program. Included are sample questionnaires, worksheets, waste audit
forms and promotional materials. It is designed to provide the basis for a successful
collection program.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 330-1667
Regional Recycling Report. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III.
The Regional Recycling Report is intended to facilitate the exchange of information
about recycling programs and activities in the EPA Region III Office and the Region III
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States. The primary audience is Federal and State recycling personnel. The initial plan is to
publish two issues per year—one in the Spring and one in the Fall. Additional, "special"
editions may be published as the need arises.
Region: III
Contact: Dave Newton
Phone: (215) 597-6197
* Restaurant and Bar Glass Recycling. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder Environmental
Affairs, 1992.
This report documents the City of Boulder's pilot bar and restaurant glass recycling
program. The purpose of this program was to assess the economic feasibility of commercial
glass recycling locally and in the Rocky Mountain region. The report discusses the specific
issues that a community needs to consider before launching a commercial glass collection
program, including markets, customers, and methods of collection.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Rosie Recycling Project 1990 Follow-Up Survey. Lexington, KY: Lexington-Fayette
County Department of Public Works, June 6, 1990.
This report looks at changes over time in both attitudes toward recycling and changes
in behavior prompted by participation in a curbside program. In the summer of 1989, a
survey was conducted in four Lexington-Fayette neighborhoods prior to implementation of
the Department of Public Work's pilot curbside recycling project. In March of 1990, a
similar survey was conducted of the same people after nearly nine months involvement in the
pilot program. This report analyzes the results of both surveys.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Scrap Tire Consumption. Boston, MA: US EPA Region I, November 1990.
The paper describes the current pattern of scrap tire use and disposal in New England
and New Jersey, and the changes expected in the near future. In the course of this
description, various economic, regulatory and other factors emerge as significant forces
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shaping the consumption and disposal pattern. The concluding sections highlight some of
these factors and identify policy options available to increase scrap tire consumption in the
region.
Region: I
Contact: Ron Jennings
Phone: (617) 833-1656
* Seattle's Road To Recovery. Seattle, WA: Seattle Solid Waste Utility, 1992.
Seattle's Road To Recovery is a packet of eleven brochures on facets of Seattle's
comprehensive waste management strategy. The inserts discuss such topics as yard waste
composting, recycling potential assessment models, waste reduction, variable rate structures,
landfill closure, and garbage by rail. Background data is provided for each topic followed by
a description of the relevant Seattle program. Targeted audiences are the general public,
educators, and State and local officials responsible for solid waste management.
Region: X
Contact: Fran Stefan
Phone: (206) 553-6639
Study Paper on Local Government Implementation Strategies for Non-Residential
Recycling Programs. San Diego, CA: San Diego Association of Governments, June 1990.
This document presents information and concepts needed for an issue paper that will
assist the San Diego Association of Governments in preparation of a report on alternative
implementation strategies for commercial, industrial, and institutional recycling. The
document includes: an overview of refuse industry predispositions, a series of program
alternatives, and a graphic presentation of overview concepts, the purpose of the issue paper
is to facilitate increased recycling by non-residential generators.
Region: IX
Contact: Jeff Scott
Phone: (415) 744-2096
* Suffolk County Business and Institution Guide to Recycling. Hauppauge, NY: County
of Suffolk and Cornell Cooperative Extension, November 1991.
This guide provides a 13-step process for planning and implementing a business
recycling program. Since different types of businesses have different disposal needs, the
guide highlights specific areas such as food service establishments and health care facilities.
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The guide also discusses options for small generators and uses of waste exchanges and
databases.
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
Used Oil Recycling. Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste,
1990.
This newsletter describes successful used oil recycling programs around the country,
provides statistics on used oil recycling, and lists available materials related to used oil
recycling. The newsletter is published on a periodic basis.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Kim Carr
Phone: (202) 260-7600
See also SOURCE REDUCTION, How the Waste Was Won; and Reducing Waste In
Your Business.
B. Market Development/Procurement
* A Preliminary Analysis of the Feasibility of Markets for Secondary Fiber Within EPA
Region VITI. Golden, CO: Mineral Economics Department, Colorado School of Mines,
November 4, 1991.
This analysis looks at four manufacturing processes in which secondary paper and
paperboard fiber could be used. These processes are: manufacturing of standard paper
products and molded paper products, dry process products, and biomass conversion. The
report also analyzes the feasibility of each within the geographic and demographic confines
for Region VIII. The report recommends dry process manufacturing as the most practical
for Region VIII. Molded pulp processes also may be feasible; and biomass conversion could
be an alternative in the future. The study recommends an integrated approach that would
include indirect tax policies, education programs, and technical support to increase paper
recycling.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
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* California Buys Recycled; A Survey of Local Government Policies for the
Procurement of Recycled Products. Sacramento, CA: Local Government Commission,
April 1992.
California Buys Recycled compiles local government procurement programs with
recycled product purchases policies in California. These are complemented by comments on
the effectiveness of each program. The guide also contains information relative to
California's recycled product requirements and the Local Government Commission's model
products procurement ordinance for local governments.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
Closing the Loop—Purchasing Recycled Paper; A Guide for Purchasing Officials.
Chicago, IL: US EPA Region V, May 1991.
This handbook provides practical information and guidelines for purchasing recycled
paper products. Instructions are given for determining needs, purchasing the products, and
monitoring user acceptance. The handbook includes helpful Appendices on Federal and State
contracts, recycling and paper industry publications, Federal content standards, and recycled
paper performance tests.
Region: V
Contact: Andrew Tschampa
Phone: (312) 886-0976
* Federal Recycling and Procurement Information Packet. Denver, CO: US EPA Region
VIII, 1992.
This packet, developed in conjunction with the Denver Federal Executive Board,
General Purchasing Office, and General Services Administration (GSA), emphasizes the
importance of government agencies developing recycling programs and purchasing products
that contain recycled content. The packet provides information on starting recycling
programs, RCRA requirements, and additional sources of information. Other enclosures
include Recycled Products Guide, Colorado Office of Energy Conservation; Your Recycled
Paper Procurement Guide, Boulder Energy Conservation Center; and Procurement
Guidelines for Government Agencies, US EPA, December 1990.
Region: XIII
Contact: Brian Rimar
Phone: (303) 293-1673
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* Hawaii Procurement Rules Preparation; Volume I. San Francisco, CA: PRC
Environmental Management, March 1992.
This report summarizes procurement programs in six states and provides
recommendations for developing procurement rules based on analysis of these programs.
Recommendations include: a price preference of 10% for all products made with recycled
content, an allowance for Invitations for Bids that specify recycled products only, application
of life cycle cost analysis as a preference tool, an initial focus on readily available recycled
products, cooperative purchasing agreements between state and local governments, and
development of a technical assistance outreach program.
Region: IX
Contact: Greg Wilmore
Phone: (415) 744-2093
* Information Database for Developing Markets for Secondary Glass Gullet. Seattle,
WA: Washington State Department of Trade and Economic Development, Clean Washington
Center, 1992.
The Washington State Department of Trade and Economic Development's Clean
Washington Center has compiled a database to assist in developing markets for secondary
glass cullet. The purpose of this data base is to help identify local high value markets and to
educate potential end users of the various uses of recovered cullet. Database searches can be
tailored to individual requestors needs.
The database consists of two basic components: an application database and a
literature database. The application database, containing information on sixty different
applications, includes such information as feedstock requirements, relevant cullet properties,
qualitative assessments of the recycled products performance, cost and economic
assessments, and future market development potential. The literature database includes
specifications, laboratory reports, academic and trade articles, corporate literature, and
government reports.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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Market Development in Recycling for the State of Colorado. Denver, CO: US EPA
Region VIII, Colorado Office of Energy Conservation, June 1990.
This report examines current and projected market conditions for paper, aluminum,
PET plastic and glass. The report also identifies barriers to recycling within the State of
Colorado.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Marketing Waste Paper: A Recycling Coordinator's Handbook. Chicago, IL: US EPA
Region V, May 1991.
This handbook is designed to facilitate information exchange between waste paper
recyclers and markets in the Midwest. The handbook provides information on different
grades of waste paper, the waste paper conversion process, and end user markets and their
products. Additionally, the handbook discusses marketing, pricing and transportation
options, and provides a summary of the process of marketing waste paper. The extensive
appendices provide information on markets, dealers, equipment, and contacts.
Region: V
Contact: Andrew Tschampa
Phone: (312) 886-0976
Our Regional Recvclers Market Exchange Puts Your Recyclables on the Market.
Montgomery, AL: EnviroSouth, Inc., July 1991.
This brochure describes how the Southeast Recyclers Market Exchange functions as a
comprehensive listing and cross-reference to enable dealers/processors, manufacturers and
brokers access to local government's recyclable material.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
* The Path of Recycled Plastics From the Greater Boston Area; Fall 1991. Boston, MA:
The Northeastern University American Society of Civil Engineers' Student Chapter
Recycling Committee, April 17, 1992.
This report identifies all plastic recycling programs in the Greater Boston Area, their
locations, the quantity of plastic material recovered in each program, the intermediaries who
prepare and/or sell the recovered plastics, and the reprocessors who use the recovered
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plastics in the manufacture of new products. Given the volatility of recovered plastic
markets, this report may be a useful guide to those attempting to develop markets or
recycling programs.
Region: I
Contact: Anni Loughlin
Phone: (617) 223-5530
Procurement Guidelines for Government Agencies. Washington, D.C.: US EPA
Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, December 1990.
This four-page fact sheet explains EPA's procurement guidelines, to whom the
guidelines apply, and what requirements must be followed.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Beverly Goldblatt
Phone: (202) 260-7932
RecvcleLink/Year 1 Report. San Francisco, CA: US EPA Region IX, October 1991.
RecycleLink is a computer network that includes a bulletin board and an on-line
version of the Official Recycled Products Guide. It is used primarily by local governments.
The RecycleLink project is an effort to promote and assist local governments in California in
buying recycled products, i.e., products manufactured with recycled materials.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
Recycling Markets Development Conference: Closing the Loop in the Washington
Region. Philadelphia, PA: US EPA Region III, October 1990.
Region III created this brochure announcing its sponsorship of the October 1990
recycling markets development conference offered by the Metropolitan Washington Council
of Governments.
Region: III
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
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* Small-Scale Manufacturing With Recycled Glass Gullet; A Rural Demonstration
Project. Arcata, CA: Arcata Community Recycling Center, Inc., 1992.
This handbook represents the culmination of a three-year study investigating the
technological and economic feasibility of local small-scale manufacturing with recycled
materials. The study considered the supply of recycled materials, technical feasibility,
capital and operating costs, environmental impacts and mitigation costs, product
marketability, and potential benefits to the local community. The study concludes that
recycled glass cullet has the greatest potential as a viable business on the North Coast of
California.
The handbook also provides a decision-making model for other areas interested in
investigating or starting a recycling manufacturing enterprise. The model includes steps for
developing a feasibility study and business plan, and planning for and conducting market
research analysis.
Region: IX
Contact: Kivi Leroux-Duncan
Phone: (415) 744-2080
* State and Local Government Purchasing. Washington, D.C.: National Association of
State Purchasing Officials, 1992.
The National Association of State Purchasing Officials prepared this handout for
distribution at the June 1992 "Buy Recycled Products Trade Fair and Showcase." The
handout summarizes information regarding State preference laws and regarding the
performance of various environmental issues related to recycling and procurement.
Region: I
Contact: Anni Loughlin
Phone: (617) 223-5530
* State Purchasing Contact Manual: A Resource for Vendors. Washington, D.C.:
National Association of State Purchasing Officials, June 1992.
This manual was prepared to assist vendors in initiating business with State
governments. Detailed information is provided for all 50 States and the American
Territories, indicating whether the State publishes a vendor guide, whether it charges a
vendor registration fee, whether it has a set-aside program, the criteria for getting on the
bidder's mailing list, and how vendors must define their commodities.
Region: I
Contact: Anni Loughlin
Phone: (617) 223-5530
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State Recycling Market Council—Phase I Report and Recycler Market Directory with
Sample Reports. Montgomery, AL: US EPA Region IV, EnviroSouth, Inc., October 1989
September 1990.
During Phase I, a Market Council was established and a recycling market database
created for Region IV's eight-state area. The Council, comprised of recycling industry
officials and public representatives, assisted in developing the format and obtaining listings
for the market database. The database, known as the Southeast Recyclers Market Exchange,
contains listings of brokers, dealers/processors, and end users of recovered materials.
EnviroSouth, Inc. maintains the database and provides market information to any interested
parties, including local governments seeking markets for their recovered materials.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Southeast Recycling Market Council—Phase II Report and Recycler Market Directory
with Sample Reports. Montgomery, AL: US EPA Region IV and EnviroSouth, Inc.,
October 1990 - September 1991.
During Phase II, EnviroSouth continued to update the Southeast Recyclers Market
Exchange and provide market information to interested parties. An advertising campaign
was initiated to increase use of the Exchange. The Market Council continued to meet
quarterly, but began focusing on providing commodity-specific updates on markets and
market expansion projects in the Region. This information was compiled and published as a
quarterly "Recyclers Market News." The Council also developed several policy position
papers which were shared with legislative leaders in the Southeast.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Southeast Recycling Market Council: What. Why, and Who?. Montgomery, AL:
Southeast Recyclers Market Exchange, July 1991.
This brochure describes the origin, operation, and function of the Southeast Recycling
Market Council. The Council consists of recycling industry officials, as well as public
representatives.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
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Southwest Recycling; Creating a Regional Market. Tucson, AZ: US EPA Regions VIII
and DC and the Udall Center for Public Policy Studies at the University of Arizona, January
1991.
This detailed briefing book was prepared for a conference organized by several
southwestern cities, including Tucson, Mesa, Phoenix, and Salt Lake City. At the
conference, participants achieved the objective of forming a recycling coalition to improve
market and price stability in a part of the country where it is sorely lacking. Members are
now drafting a "compact" for the Southwest Regional Recycling Association.
Region: VJH
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
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VI. SOURCE REDUCTION
Adventures in Trash; A Newsletter on Waste Reduction. Greensboro, NC: City of
Greensboro, August 1991.
This newsletter introduces the City's Source Reduction Project to residents in the pilot
neighborhood and focuses on junk mail. Future issues will update residents on the project's
development and will include information on other source reduction subjects such as
disposable household goods and yard waste.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Business Waste Reduction and Recycling Handbook. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and
King County Solid Waste Division, March 1991.
This handbook is designed to provide businesses with the resources they need to start
reducing and recycling their waste. The handbook is arranged in three sections: Designing
Your Program, Reducing Your Waste, and Buying Recycled Products. Information is also
provided about a wide range of recycling services and equipment available to King County
businesses.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Don't Throw It Away. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, WDOE and King 5 Television,
April 1991. (Video)
This 15-minute video is targeted to the employee or manager of any business, giving
tips and information regarding waste reduction, buying recycled products, and recycling.
Using a humorous game show format, it provides information that can be easily and quickly
implemented by any employee. The video's dynamic format and its environmental message
are also suitable for audiences such as middle or high school students, community groups,
etc. State and local governments, EPA and business organizations envision using the video
as an ice-breaker at workshops, loaning it to businesses and other organizations, and airing it
continuously at events such as the Western Washington State Fair.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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* Environmentally Friendly Shopping; A Consumer Education Demonstration Project.
Hauppauge, NY: Cornell Cooperative Extension, 1992.
This study investigates consumer behavior in the selection of products with reduced
packaging. Two hundred twenty-one randomly selected individuals shopping at six pre-
selected supermarkets were interviewed using a questionnaire, and fifty families were
recruited and given training on how to evaluate and select packaging that is friendlier to the
environment. They kept diaries of purchases, documented by register tape, over an eight-
week period. Then, they completed a self-administered questionnaire. The results show that
education can make a difference in helping individuals reduce the amount of trash they
generate and release into the waste stream. Attachments to the report include: Environmental
Shopping: How to Make Shopping Decisions That Save Disposal Capacity, Cornell Waste
Management Institute; and Plastics Recycling Has Long Way To Go, Cornell Waste
Management Institute, September 1991.
Region: II
Contact: Jenine Tankoos
Phone: (212) 264-1369
Getting at the Source; Strategies for Reducing Municipal Solid Waste (Executive
Summary). Washington, D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, World
Wildlife Fund, and Conservation Foundation, 1991.
This 19-page summary of the Final Report of the Strategies for Source Reduction
Steering Committee (available from WWF Publications, PO Box 4866 Hampden PO,
Baltimore, MD 21211) briefly addresses the topics for the final report which include: the
emergence of source reduction, evaluation opportunities for source reduction, and selected
strategies to encourage source reduction. Included are specific tools to assist in evaluating
source reduction, such as screening criteria for selecting options, a checklist of options,
evaluation questions for selecting options, and obstacles to options.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Lynda Wynn
Phone: (202) 260-0700
How the Waste Was Won. Denver, CO: US EPA Region VIII and Colorado Office of
Energy Conservation, July 1990. (Video)
This 12-minute video was developed to educate the public about the solid waste
problem in the West. The video explains the landfill problem and the need for reduction,
recycling, and composting. It presents consumer actions, including buying in bulk, and
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avoiding excess packaging and disposables. It describes the recycling "loop" including
collecting materials, manufacturing new products, and buying recycled goods.
Region: VIII
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
* Precvcle. Boulder, CO: City of Boulder, Office of Environmental Affairs, 1991.
The City of Boulder's Office of Environmental Affairs (OEA) developed a short-term,
in-store campaign designed to increase consumer awareness of excess packaging used in
goods found in local grocery stores. The program's ultimate aim was to reduce the amount
of wasteful packaging purchased in area stores. The Precycle program involved labeling
various products in area grocery stores as recyclable, recycled or minimally packaged. The
awareness campaign also included in-store signs, employee buttons, and information booths.
The final report contains five detailed recommendations for the implementation of
long-term precycle programs. The OEA also developed a methodology utilizing consumer
surveys and product tallies to evaluate the success of long-term programs.
Region: VHI
Contact: Judith Wong
Phone: (303) 293-1667
Proceedings of the First National Environmental Shopping Conference. Philadelphia,
PA: US EPA Region III and Pennsylvania Resources Council, March 1991.
Environmentalists, food industry representatives, government regulators, and
academics present and discuss their ideas regarding environmental shopping. Topics
discussed include: packaging and the environment, pollution prevention, understanding the
green consumer, degradability, reducing packaging and product integrity, comparing state
legislative solutions, the use and abuse of seals of approval, and the green consumer in
Europe.
Region: HI
Contact: Andrew Uricheck
Phone: (215) 597-0982
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Reducing Waste in Your Business. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X, Washington State
Department of Ecology, Winter 1990.
This publication discusses the importance of reducing waste as an individual and as a
business. The brochure lists vendors of recycled products in the Northwest and lists contacts
for business owners who may want to develop a waste reduction/recycling program.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
Solid Waste Reduction Education Program; Evaluation Reports No. 1 and No. 2.
Greensboro, NC: City of Greensboro, September 1991.
Greensboro's source reduction education program has two target audiences: a pilot
residential area of about 1000 households and voluntary participants of the business
community. Reports No. 1 and No. 2 provide the results of awareness and attitude surveys
conducted in the residential area and the business community, respectively. These surveys
were conducted prior to implementing the education program, and similar surveys will be
conducted after implementation to measure the effectiveness of the program in changing
citizen and business attitudes and behaviors.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Unit Pricing; Providing an Incentive to Reduce Municipal Solid Waste. Washington,
D.C.: US EPA Headquarters, Office of Solid Waste, February 1991.
This 12-page brochure briefly addresses what unit pricing is, how it works, what its
benefits are, and its implementation. The roles of source reduction and recycling and how
communities perceive unit pricing programs are addressed. The final section provides
sources of more information.
Headquarters: Office of Solid Waste
Contact: Lynda Wynn
Phone: (202) 260-0700
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* Waste Reduction for Ohio's Business and Industry. Columbus, OH: Ohio Department
of Natural Resources, Ohio Technology Transfer Organizations, 1991.
This guide is intended to acquaint business managers with waste reduction, reuse, and
recycling. Facts about specific waste types, as well as waste saving tips for specific types of
businesses are discussed. The guide also includes a number of case studies that provide
practical examples of how some businesses have implemented these concepts. Those seeking
information about waste reduction, reuse, and recycling as it pertains to common, large
volume office wastes will find this guide most useful.
Region: V
Contact: Jennifer Manville
Phone: (312) 886-7599
Waste Stream Characterization Project: Interim Report. Greensboro, NC: City of
Greensboro, April 1991.
The characterization study was conducted as part of Greensboro's source reduction
program. The waste stream of the pilot residential area was characterized prior to
implementing the education program. The results of this study will be compared with
another characterization study, to be conducted after program implementation to evaluate the
effectiveness of the program.
Region: IV
Contact: Robin Mitchell
Phone: (404) 347-2091
Watch Your Waste. Seattle, WA: US EPA Region X and King County Solid Waste
Division, March 1991.
This nine-minute presentation details the successes of several companies~both large
and small—in reducing and recycling their waste. The video shows how businesses can:
reduce disposal costs, earn revenue from waste, enhance employee morale, and contribute to
a better environment.
Region: X
Contact: Lauris Davies
Phone: (206) 553-6522
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