Federal Guidelines
Operation and
Maintenance
of Wastewater Treatment Facilities
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials
Washington, D.C. 20460
AUGUST 1974
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Federal Guidelines
Operation and
Maintenance
of Wastewater Treatment Facilities
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials
Washington, D.C. 20460
AUGUST 1974
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FOREWARD
This supplement updates and replaces pages 31 through 46 of
the Federal Guidelines - Design, Operation and Maintenance of
Waste Water Treatment Facilities, datedSeptember1970and
concerns onlythatportion of the Guidelines pertaining to the
operation and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities.
Several new subject areas have been added to comprehensively
coyer all elements commonly identified with the Operation and
Maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities. The supplement
has been expanded to include titles on Staffing and Training,
Safety, Emergency Operating Plan, Maintenance Management, and
Budget.
It is becoming increasingly evident that there is a vital
need to include more comprehensive operation and maintenance
considerations in the early stages of project development. This
is vital to insure that the huge investments in construction of
wastewater treatment facilities result in treatment capability
that can produce a high quality effluent with a high degree of
reliability.
There have been several organizations and many individuals
that have contributed to the development of this supplement. The
guidance provided by the Technical Advisory Group (TAG) to the
Municipal Construction Division within the Office of Water &
Hazardous Materials of the Environmental Protection Agency is
particularily noted. TAG is composed of a representative from
each of the following organizations:
American Society of Civil Engineers
Association of Metropolitan Sewerage Agencies
Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control
Administrators
Great Lakes Upper Mississippi Board of Sanitary Engineers
U. S. Council of Consulting Engineers
Water and Wastewater Equipment Manufacturers Association
League of Women Voters
National League of Cities/U.S. Conference of Mayors
Associated General Contractors of America
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Securities Industry Association
Conference of State Sanitary Engineers
American Public Works Association
Water Pollution Control Federation
The time and effort of the various individuals and groups
that contributed to the development and review of these
guidelines is sincerely appreciated.
James L. Agee
Acting Assistant Administrator
for Water and Hazardous Materials
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWARD
INTRODUCTION 1
GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 4
1.0 Federal and State Inspections 5
2.0 Staffing and Training 8
3.0 Records, Reports and Laboratory Control 12
4.0 Process Control 14
5.0 Safety 17
6.0 Emergency Operating Plan 19
7.0 Maintenance Management 20
8.0 Requirements For Operation and Maintenance Manual 23
9.0 Financial Controls and Responsibilities 25
10.0 References 26
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INTRODUCTION
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972
established specific goals for controlling wastewater discharges
to meet certain water quality objectives. Achieving these goals
will require the expenditure of many billions in capital funds
for the construction of new facilities and will also require that
all treatment facilities, both new and existing, be operated
efficiently and effectively to maximize our pollution control
effort. Proper operation of new and modified facilities and
improved operation of existing facilities are essential if our
water quality goals are to be met.
The surveys conducted in accordance with Section 210 of the
Act, and included as Chapter VII of both the 1973 and 1974
editions of the Clean Water Report tp_ Congress showed that about
one-third of all treatment plants constructed with Federal grant
assistance were not operating at the designed efficiency level
when the plants were inspected. This illustrates the improvement
in plant operation that will be needed if our water quality
objectives are to be achieved.
These Operation and Maintenance Guidelines are structured to
emphasize a comprehensive strategy to attain the high levels of
operational efficiency that are necessary to realize appropriate
water quality objectives throughout the Nation. This strategy
must link closely municipal permits issued under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) with the various
State and Federal programs responsible for assuring that effluent
quality complies with specific municipal permit conditions. This
approach is consistent with the stated objectives of the 'Act and
EPA's Water Strategy document of March 15, 1974.
Title II of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972, PL 92-500, authorizes the award of
construction grants for waste treatment works. As a condition of
these awards, the Act in Sections 204(a) and (b) requires that
the grantee make adequate provisions for proper and efficient
operation and maintenance of grant funded facilities. The
Construction Grant Regulations, Title 40, Chapter 1, Subchapter
B, Part 35, Subpart E, dated February 4, 1974, contain several
sections that provide additional information on these operation
and maintenance requirements.
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Section 35.917, Facilities Planning (Step 1) calls for a
cost-effectiveness analysis of alternatives for a waste treatment
facility for which a Federal grant is requested. One element of
the analysis, section 35.917-1 (d)(3) calls for
"An evaluation of improved effluent quality
attainable by upgrading the operation and
maintenance and efficiency of existing
facilities as an alternative or supplement
to construction of new facilities."
In Section 35.925-10, it is stated that a grant award shall
not be made unless it is determined
"If the award of grant assistance is for
a project involving Step 3, that
satisfactory provision has been made by the
applicant for assuring proper and efficient
operation and maintenance of the treatment
works, in accordance with 35.935-12, and
that the State will have an effective
operation and maintenance monitoring
program to assure that treatment works
assisted under this subpart comply with
applicable permit and grant conditions."
Section 35.935-12 states:
"(a) The grantee must make adequate
provisions satisfactory to the Regional
Administrator for assuring economic,
effective, and efficient operation and
maintenance of such works in accordance
with a plan of operation approved by the
State water pollution control agency or,
as appropriate, the interstate agency,
after construction thereof.
"(b) As a minimum, such plan shall
include provision for: (1) An operation
and maintenance manual for each facility,
(2) an emergency operating and response
program, (3) properly trained management,
operation and maintenance personnel, (4)
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adequate budget for operation and
maintenance, (5) operational reports, and
(6) provisions for laboratory testing
adequate to determine influent and
effluent characteristics and removal
efficiencies.
"(c) The Regional Administrator shall not
pay (1) more than 50 percent of the
Federal share of any Step 3 project
unless the grantee has furnished a draft
of the operation and maintenance manual
for review, or adequate evidence of
timely development of such a draft, or
(2) more that 90 percent of the Federal
share unless the grantee has furnished a
satisfactory final operation and
maintenance manual."
The guidelines which follow are intended to assist in meeting
these specific requirements of the Act and regulations for grant
assisted facility construction and to provide information on the
key elements that should be included in any plan of operation for
a wastewater treatment facility. More detailed information on
various aspects of operational plans may be found in the source
documents referenced throughout the guidelines and listed at the
back of this document.
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GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
These Guidelines are intended to assist in assuring that all
aspects related to wastewater treatment plant operation and
maintenance are appropriately considered by those responsible for
complying with grant requirements, specific effluent permit
criteria, and related water quality standards. The Guidelines
are presented categorically to accommodate their use in either
the development of new facilities or in upgrading the operation
and maintenance procedures and programs of existing facilities.
In the development of new facilities, it is essential that the
various aspects of operation and maintenance that are outlined in
these Guidelines be given appropriate consideration early in the
design stage and that the design address these considerations
properly in producing a facility with optimum, long-term
performance capability.
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1.0 FEDERAL AND STATE INSPECTIONS
1.1 To provide assurance of effective, efficient, continuous
operation of waste treatment facilities and related
appurtenances constructed under PL 92-500 grants within
their jurisdiction, State agencies shall establish and
maintain appropriate waste treatment facility inspection
and technical assistance programs to identify operational
deficiencies and to insure that appropriate remedial
action is taken to correct deficiencies. This activity
shall be clearly identified in the annual State Program
Plan submitted to the EPA.
1.2 State agencies shall conduct at least an annual
inspection, or provide for the inspection of, facilities
constructed with Federal funds to determine whether these
facilities are operated efficiently and effectively in
accordance with plant design.
1.2.1 The inspector shall record the following
information, using EPA Form 7500-5(4-72) (revised
1/74) or the latest revised version:
1.2.1.1 General information, including: date of
inspection; plant identification and locations;
name of inspector and title; type of plant and
collection system; estimated total population
served as well as industrial population equivalents
served.
1.2.1.2 Plant loading performance data, including:
average daily flow (MGD); peak flow rate for wet
and dry weather (MGD); percent daily industrial
flow to plant; date, time and volume of any wastes
bypassing the plant; and summary of laboratory
analyses data on raw waste and final effluent and
other significant unit processes.
1.2.1.3 Information on operating personnel,
including: staff complement and qualifications of
personnel in each job category; total manhours per
week; number of State certified or licensed
personnel; staffing deficiencies; staff vacancies;
staffing needs not budgeted; training needs and
annual O&M Budgets. Also included will be an
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identification and narrative of any facility
problem traceable to personnel or training
deficiencies.
1.2.1.4 An identification and brief discussion of
significant operational problems or difficulties.
1.2.1.5 An evaluation and report on the facility,
including: adequacy of operation and plant
performance with regard to State and Federal Permit
or other requirements; general housekeeping and
maintenance adequacy; testing and reporting
adequacy; and recommendations for corrective
actions.
1.2.1.6 Appropriate additional operation and
maintenance data and information pertinent to the
conditions found at the plant or elsewhere in the
sewerage system at the time of inspection.
1.2.2 Copies of the inspection results shall be
distributed by the State Water Pollution Control
Agency to the subject waste treatment facilities; two
copies to the EPA Regional Office, including a copy
of the report transmittal letter to the inspected
facility and/or the authority responsible for
management.
1.2.3 EPA shall identify for each State by January 1 of
each year those facilities the State must inspect in
order to comply with Title II of PL 92-500. This
list shall also identify on a tentative basis those
facilities to which EPA Regional Office
representatives may accompany State representatives
to conduct inspections. Reasonable advance notice
will be given by EPA to the State on plant
inspections not previously indicated on the annual
list.
1.3 In addition to thorough annual inspections as described
above, routine interim inspections should be conducted by
the State. The EPA Regional Office shall receive a copy
of the reports on interim inspections.
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1.4 Prompt and meaningful follow-up action shall be taken by
the State to assure correction of inadequacies and
deficiencies noted at inspections.
1.4.1 Where major deficiencies are involved, a copy of
official State correspondence, notices or orders to a
municipality and follow-up inspection reports shall
be sent to the EPA Regional Office.
1.4.2 Wherever possible, in correcting deficiencies in
operation, the State should coordinate with the
design engineer responsible for the subject facility.
1.4.3 The consulting (design) engineer and the State
should be involved in the start-up of new facilities.
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2.0 STAFFING AND TRAINING
2.1 General Requirements
This section is included as an aid to the grantee in
responding to the requirements of Section 204(a)(4) of
the Act. The referenced section requires that, as a
condition of a grant, the grantee will insure his
facility will be adequately staffed and that it will be
managed in accordance with an operational plan.
2.2 Specific Requirements by Phase
2.2.1 Facility planning phase
2.2.1.1 Analysis of Manpower Considerations
(a) Availability and skills of personnel from
existing facilities which will be modified or
phased out as a result of grant.
(b) New personnel skills required by proposed
facility or operational alternatives.
(c) Potential staffing problems.
2.2.1.2 Recommendations to be included:
(a) Probable total staffing requirements for
facility.
(b) Probable training needs and sources.
(c) General plan for staff development and
training.
(d) Design considerations necessary to assure
operability and maintainability.
2.2.2 Preparation of Plans and Specifications
The following staffing plan should be available in
preliminary form in the design reports. Update
should be made at about the 50% completion point of
construction and should be finalized 60 days prior to
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start-up for inclusion in the plant Operation and
Maintenance manual.
2.2.2.1 Staff Development
(a) Planned staffing schedule.
(b) Salary schedules.
(c) Detailed manpower requirements for each unit
process - include number, type and level.
(d) Staff structure and organization.
(e) Use of existing staff (where appropriate).
(f) Detailed analysis of new or special skills
(where appropriate).
(g) Staff certification requirements.
2.2.2.2 Staff Training
(a) Training needs for initial and upgrade
training, including: management, safety,
operation and operational control, laboratory,
maintenance and maintenance management, start-
up and special equipment
(b) Training materials requirements.
(c) Training strategy and responsibilities.
(d) Training schedules for construction period,
start-up and operational phases.
(e) Job and training aids required, including
standard job operating procedures.
2.2.3 Construction Phase
2.2.3.1 Staffing
(a) The chief operator shall be retained by the
grantee by the time construction of the waste
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treatment plant is 50% complete so that he can
become familiar with the plant layout, piping,
underground utilities, checkout of all
equipment, and to oversee staff development and
training.
(b) Not later than 60 days prior to commencement of
operation, the grantee shall inform the State
or EPA of any problems encountered in acquiring
or training personnel.
(c) Thirty days prior to commencement of operation,
the grantee shall provide the State and EPA an
itemized list of the positions filled, the
qualifications of those employed,.the assurance
that the remaining vacant postions will be
filled with qualified personnel as necessary
for the efficient and effective operation and
maintenance of the facility.
2.2.3.2 Training
(a) Within 30 days after the Chief Operator has
been retained, or after the 50% completion
date, whichever is later, the grantee shall
submit a final training schedule for all pre-
operational training activities.
(b) Thirty days prior to the commencement of
operations, the grantee shall provide the State
and EPA with a finalized plan (including
schedules) for continuing training after start-
up. This plan shall include replacement,
refresher and upgrade training, as well as such
special training as safety and emergency
readiness. The plan also shall provide for
such classroom and on-the-job training as is
necessary to qualify personnel for the various
positions for initial start-up of the waste
treatment facility and for operation
thereafter.
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2.2.4 Operations phase
2.2.4.1 Staff
The grantee shall provide a staff of qualified
personnel that is adequate to operate the
facility efficiently and effectively.
Qualified personnel shall be those meeting
requirements established under State
certification programs or other requirements
established by the State and Federal
governments.
2.2.4.2 Compensation
The grantee shall pay adequate salaries
commensurate with duties, responsibilities and
other conditions of employment.
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3.0 RECORDS, REPORTS. AND LABORATORY CONTROL
3.1 A permanent record file for the treatment plant and
collection system shall be maintained by the grantee at
each of its waste treatment plants or at some appropriate
location readily accessible to the operating personnel.
The file should include:
3.1.1 The operation and maintenance manual for the
wastewater treatment facility. (See Appendix, page
42)
3.1.2 Planning reports, design criteria and other related
data.
3.1.3 All as-built plans, specifications, drawings, and
manufacturers' specifications and recommendations for
operation and maintenance of each unit.
3.1.4 Appropriate flow charts indicating the system
process operation.
3.1.5 The NPDES Discharge Permit.
3.2 Complete and accurate plant operating records shall be
maintained.
3.2.1 These records serve to guide plant operating and
process control personnel and become the source of
historical data on the precise performance of the
facility. Plant operating reports can often be
standardized, but it is of prime importance that the
information and related forms be tailored to each
operation in order to be effective. Significant data
should also be graphed for visual display.
3.2.2 The grantee shall routinely file plant operating
records with the appropriate State agency. Monthly
reports of daily operating records are needed by the
State regulatory agencies in carrying out their
responsibilities to monitor and maintain maximum
operating efficiencies.
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3.3 Adequate monitoring, sampling and analysis of flows is
fundamental to good operation and maintenance.
3.3.1 The influent should be monitored, sampled and
analyzed so as to determine the rate of flow and
characteristics of the wastewater to be treated.
Effluent monitoring and reporting shall be stipulated
in the NPDES permit. Optimum control of treatment
processes may require up-line sampling and testing at
strategic points throughout the collection system to
pinpoint locations that contribute abnormal amounts
of a given constituent.
3.3.2 Appropriate monitoring, sampling, and analysis
shall be conducted through each process so as to
indicate any adjustments necessary to provide a
continuous high quality effluent.
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3.3.3 The plant effluent shall be monitored to determine
compliance with the discharge permit provisions
contained in PL 92-500.
3.3.4 Wherever possible, the receiving water should be
monitored to determine the effect of the plant
effluent in relation to water quality standards.
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4.0 PROCESS CONTROL
4.1 The wastewater treatment plant should be operated so as
to fully and effectively utilize the flexibility in
process control provided for in the plant design.
4.1.1 Plant flexibility should be used to get the maximum
treatment out of the facility on a day-to-day basis.
This includes making such process adjustments as may
be indicated by the monitoring system.
4.1.2 The flexibility in routing flows that is provided
in the design shall be used to allow preventive
maintenance and repairs to be carried out without by-
passing the entire treatment plant or discharging
inadequatly treated wastewater.
4.1.3 A total plant bypass shall be used only as a last
resort when necessary to protect the health and
welfare of operating personnel or to prevent
extensive damage to the plant facilities or processes
or upstream property. All bypassed sewage shall be
adequately disinfected. In those cases where the
plant bypass must be used:
4.1.3.1 Where possible advanced approval must be
obtained from the State. If this is not possible,
the State must be notified of the bypass promptly
by telephone.
4.1.3.2 A complete written report shall be filed with
the State. This report shall include the date,
time, quantity of the waste, characteristics of the
waste, reason for bypassing, steps taken to prevent
recurrence of the problem, and any other pertinent
information considered necessary by the State.
4.1.3.3 Special notice may be required, e.g.
shellfish, etc.
4.2 Plant operating personnel must be alert to any trends or
changes in the characteristics of the influent, both on a
long-range basis and on the short-term basis needed for
day-to-day operations.
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4.2.1 Operators should maintain continuous communication
with plant management and appropriate regulatory
agencies so that plant inadequacies are detected
early, thus affording lead-time to diagnose and
resolve problems before they impair quality control
in the plant.
4.2.2 Provision should be made for warning plant
operators promptly of any unusual flows or wastes
that are discharged accidentally or otherwise to
sewers served by the plant. Users shall be required
through local ordinance to immediately notify waste
treatment plants of any such discharges.
4.3 An effective equipment maintenance program is necessary
to insure that all equipment is kept in a highly reliable
operating condition. It is the responsibility of the
plant management to provide sufficient funds for
maintenance, repairs, spare parts, and standby equipment
to keep the plant, pumping stations and related
appurtenances operating satisfactorily.
4.3.1 The maintenance program should include:
4.3.1.1 The establishment of a control system which
identifies and locates each piece of operating
equipment, a description of the maintenance needs,
a list of the general procedures for carrying out
the job, and appropriate routine maintenance
schedules.
4.3.1.2 A spare-parts inventory to facilitate advance
Ordering of unit parts vital to the continous and
effective operation of the facility.
4.3.2 Plants should have a management system for
recording equipment maintenance and repairs. This
system should permit an evaluation of equipment
performance and of future maintenance or replacement
of a part or unit with one that is more reliable.
4.3.3 Preventive maintenance shall commence immediately
upon installation of the equipment and not be delayed
until the facility 1s placed in operation.
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4.3.4 When possible, major maintenance jobs and repairs
necessitating a shut-down of a unit shall be
scheduled when it will have the least effect on waste
treatment efficiency and the receiving waters.
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5.0 SAFETY
5.1 PL 92-500 Basis
Section 204(a)(4) of PL 92-500 requires assurance of
proper and efficient operation of facilities. Safety
will be considered an integral component of such
assurances. Safety of personnel, and safety and
operational integrity of equipment directly affect the
capability of a facility to perform its design functions.
Therefore, both design for safety and safety procedures
must be considered in engineering for proposed
faci11ti es.
5.2 Relation to OSHA
Section 18(b) of Public Law 91-59b, the Occupational
Safety and Health Act of 1970 provides that any State may
assume responsibility for development and enforcement of
occupational safety and health standards. One condition
under this responsibility is that the State shall assure,
"... to the extent permitted by its law ... (a) program
applicable to all employees of ... the State and its
political subdivisions ..."
This provision ultimately will assure for participating
States that all wastewater treatment facilities are
covered at the State level by safety and health standards
and are subject to equivalent requirements and actions to
those contained in Federal legislation.
5.3 Grantee Responsibility
5.3.1 Grantees should determine the status of
occupational safety and health programs and
legislation in their State and provide in-plant
programs that are consistent with existing or
projected State requirements.
5.3.2 Construction contractors assigned the
responsibilities for building facilities are already
covered by the Federal legislation and are
responsible for the safety and health of their
employees. Therefore, it is in the grantee's best
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interest to review the contractor's activities to
avoid potential delays due to infractions of
applicable construction standards.
5.4 Guidance Sources^
5.4.1 The Environmental Protection Agency has prepared
two technical bulletin supplements to these
guidelines:
a. Safety in the Design of Wastewater Treatment
Works
b. Safety in the Operation and Maintenance of
Wastewater Treatment Works
These documents are available as aids to analyzing
hazards and establishing responsive safety and health
programs.
5.4.2 Other sources of aid, guidance and training are:
a. State Occupation Safety and Health Agencies
b. OSHA-Regional Offices
c. EPA Regional Offices
d. Professional and Technical Associations
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6.0 EMERGENCY OPERATING PLAN
6.1 To protect the health and welfare of municipal waste-
water treatment plant personnel, and to minimize adverse
effects in times of emergencies, wastewater treatment
facilities constructed under P.L 92-500 grants should
have included in the operation and maintenance manual, a
section establishing a comprehensive plan for emergency
operating procedures.
6.2 Wastewater Treatment equipment suppliers should include
emergency operating instructions with all equipment.
This will enable the consulting engineer to incorporate
this information as he prepares the operation and
maintenance manual. Also, the consulting engineers,
using emergency equipment instructions, may make an
evaluation of equipment with regard to flexibility during
emergencies. An evaluation of this type will allow plant
personnel to respond more efficiently to emergencies
affecting the equipment.
6.3 The plan should insure the most effective operation
possible under emergency conditions.
6.4 The plan should protect the waste treatment facilities
under all foreseeable emergency conditions. It should be
complete and comprehensive and should include, but not be
limited to, the following:
a. Effects of Emergencies
b. Vulnerability Analysis of the System
c. Protective Measures
d. Responses to Emergencies
e. Emergency Response Program
6.5 The emergency operating plan must be periodically up-
dated to insure current measures and responses are valid.
Mutual aid agreements and notification procedures may
change and must be validated periodically to enable the
emergency operating plan to function properly.
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7.0 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT
7.1 General
Section 204(a)(4) of the Act requires the grantee to
provide assurance that a plant will be staffed with
qualified personnel and that it will be operated and
maintained in accordance with an operational plan. A
maintenance management system is an essential component
of the required operational plan.
7.2 Requirements
The grantee should begin development of the maintenance
management system at the design stage. Components to be
considered during design are:
7.2.1 Equipment numbering system should be assigned in
some logical order to plant equipment so that both
equipment function and location are evident in the
identification number.
7.2.2 An equipment catalog should be prepared during
equipment installation displaying plant identifying
codes, manufacturer and vendor information, equipment
description and other pertinent information.
7.2.3 Supporting equipment records should be developed as
appropriate to the size of the plant. However,
minimum requirements would include a maintenance log
or its equivalent for each unit operation of the
facility. Such records should include: equipment
code and serial number; date maintenance performed;
name(s) of worker(s) assigned; time required to
complete scheduled or corrective maintenance;
supplies/parts used.
7.2.4 Maintenance and trouble shooting guide documents
for each unit process and supporting equipment.
Several of the above items are also subject to inclusion
in the O&M manual. The intent of this section is not to
require duplication of such items, only to assure their
availability.
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7.3 Other Considerations
Effective maintenance management is also a function of
how well maintenance requirements and work force
capabilities have been considered in facility design. An
EPA source document, EPA-430-99-74-001, Design Criteria
for Mechanical Electrical and Fluid System and Component
Reliability, covers some maintenance design requirements.
7.3.1 In reviewing maintenance design factors, the
grantee should also consider:
7.3.1.1 Maintenance safety factors affecting the
protection of equipment from damage during normal
and maintenance operations and the safety of
maintenance personnel while working on the
equipment.
7.3.1.2 The display of essential maintenance
information at or near the equipment and the
methods to be used for display.
7.3.1.3 Handling, removal and replacement factors to
assure that appropriate clearances, connections and
handling devices to expedite maintenance have been
incorporated in major components.
7.3.1.4 Tool requirements avoiding need for
specialized or unique tools where possible.
7.3.1.5 Alignment and keying requirements where
connectors or other devices which must be precisely
orientated are used.
7.3.1.6 Manual control layout requirements providing
for location and design of controls to facilitate
maintenance operations.
7.3.1.7 Workspace configuration covering both on site
maintenance space and shop layout and design.
7.3.1.8 Accessability covering design of equipment so
that all components can be reached easily and
comfortably with tools and test equipment without
undue effort or removal of other parts.
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7.3.1.9 Special attention should be given to location
and accessibility of sampling points. Junction
boxes, access manholes, or pipe taps should be
provided at appropriate locations.
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8.0 REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS
8.1 The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972 state that:
No grant shall be made until the applicant has made
satisfactory provision for assuring proper and
efficient operation and maintenance of the treatment
works after completion of construction.
8.2 The review of operating manuals will consider all factors
relative to this objective. The manual must be reviewed
and approved by the State and EPA at least 30 days prior
to plant start-up.
8.2.1 The operation and maintenance manual shall contain
a simplified schematic diagram of major pipelines,
valves, and controls. Additional diagrams shall
contain enlarged detail of complicated piping areas.
The pipelines, valves, and controls will be clearly
marked as referenced in the detailed operation
procedures.
8.2.2 The various manufacturers' maintenance schedules
(daily, weekly, monthly, etc.) shall be summarized
with reference to the page in the manufacturer's
operation and maintenance manual. Also, a cross-
reference lubricant chart indicating equal lubricants
produced by various major manufacturers shall be
furnished.
8.2.3 In regard to types of treatment the manual will
contain technical detail in simplified language,
describing precisely how each process should be
operated and controlled for maximum effectiveness.
Manufacturer's manuals should be referenced when
useful to this explanation.
8.2.4 The operation and maintenance manual shall contain
emergency procedures and provide appropriate
instructions to treatment facility personnel to
insure that they know their assigned responsibilities
for properly responding to various types of emergency
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situations and thus eliminate or minimize resulting
adverse effects from such incidents.
8.3 For further detail on preparation of O&M manuals see EPA
publication EPA-430/9-74-001, Considerations for
Preparation of Operation and Maintenance Manuals.
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9.0 FINANCIAL CONTROLS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Financial controls are an integral part of plant operation,
and should be developed in advance of construction by the
owner. Such controls are necessary to help management
provide a system for economic and efficient operation and
maintenance. Financial responsibility extends beyond the
routine and obvious need for care of current public funds to
the need for establishing a fund to provide for the
replacement of short-lived equipment and supplies and the
ultimate replacement of the plant itself.
These Guidelines are not intended to be all inclusive.
However, the items referenced are those which deserve
emphasis and any system should include (but not be limited
to) them.
9.1 BUDGETING
Annual budgets should be based on two major items:
9.1.1 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COSTS
(including replacement)
All direct and indirect costs associated with the
operation and maintenance of the treatment plant,
including but not limited to:
9.1.1.1 Employee salaries and benefits.
9.1.1.2 Training costs for entry, update and upgrade
of employees.
9.1.1.3 Operation, maintenance, administrative and
ancillary equipment and supplies.
9.1.1.4 Power charges and similar expenses for
utility uses.
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10.0 References
The following source documents are available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D. C. 20402:
10.1 Considerations for Preparation of Operation and
Maintenahce~Manuals, EPA-430/9-74-001
10.2 Start-up £f Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Facilities. EPA-430/9/74 008
10.3 Maintenance Management Systems for Municipal
Wastewater Facilities. EPA-430/9-74-50T
10.4 Estimating Staffing for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities. March 1973, U.S. EPA
10.5 Estimating Laboratory Needs for Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Faci1ities, Task OTder No. 5501-00651
10.6 Emergency Planning for Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Emergency Planning tor rcumc
facilities, EPA-430/9-74^0T3
10.7 Aspects of State-Wide Emergency Response Programs for
MunicipaTWastewater Treatment, EPA 430/9-74-014
10.8 A Planned Maintenance Management System for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plants, EPA-6W/2-73-004,|
November 1973
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1974— 582-413:61
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