&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park NC 27711
EPA-600 4-79-003
January 1979
Research and Development
Regional Air
Pollution Study
High Volume Filter
Measurement of
Suspended
Paniculate Matter
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING series.
This series describes research conducted to develop new or improved methods
and instrumentation for the identification and quantification of environmental
pollutants at the lowest conceivably significant concentrations. It also includes
studies to determine the ambient concentrations of pollutants in the environment
and/or the variance of pollutants as a function of time or meteorological factors.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/4-79-003
January 1979
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
High Volume Filter Measurements of Suspended Particulate Matter
by
E. Nelson
Rockwell International
Environmental Monitoring & Services Center
Environmental & Energy Systems Division
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
Contract No. 68-02-2093
Task Order 101
Project Officer
Stanley Kopczynski
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Division
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publi-
cation. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
High volume air samplers have been used for many years for collection
of suspended particulate matter, thus becoming established as an EPA refer-
ence method. For this reason, ten RAMS stations located in various environ-
ments were equipped with high volume air samplers during the RAPS program.
Preweighed, quality controlled filters were used to collect particulate
samples every third day at these sites. Samples were transported to a
chemical laboratory where total suspended particulates (TSP) were determined
and wet chemical analyses performed for sulfates (SOT) and nitrates (NO^).
A total of 2,358 filter samples were collected and analyzed. All data ob-
_3
tained were reported in micrograms meter .
The concentration data for the three parameters studied appeared to
vary both seasonally and between stations. To further examine the vari-
ability, the annual mean for each parameter was computed and plotted for
each sampling station. The geometric mean for TSP ranged from 33.0 to
-3 - -3
90.9 micrograms meter , SO, ranged from 7.0 to 12.7 micrograms meter and
- -3
NO, from 2.3 to 3.8 micrograms meter . Each year was divided into quarters
for each sampling station and the quarterly mean computed and plotted. A
one way analysis of variance technique was used to test the significance of
the variations in concentration. The results of the analysis of variance
did indeed show a statistically significant difference in concentration
between stations and also between quarters or seasons of the year.
111
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CONTENTS
Abstract 111
Figures v1
Tables vii
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 1
2.0 NETWORK OPERATIONS 4
2.1 PERSONNEL ACQUISITION AND TRAINING 4
2.2 HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER NETWORK 5
2.3 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 10
2.4 SAMPLE ANALYSIS 10
2.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE 14
3.0 DATA SUMMARY 25
3.1 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) 25
3.2 SULFATES (SO^), NITRATES (NO^) 25
3.3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION - TSP, SOj, NOj 30
3.4 ANNUAL MAXIMUM FILTER LOADINGS 30
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS 41
3.6 STATION GROUPING 55
4.0 CONCLUSIONS 67
References 68
Appendix A - High Volume Air Sampler - As Used 1n the RAMS Network 69
Appendix B - Particulate Data Summary 76
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FIGURES
FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 5.
FIGURE
FIGURE
FIGURE
FIGURE 8a
FIGURE 8b
FIGURE
FIGURE
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 11
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 14
FIGURE 15
FIGURE 16
FIGURE 17
FIGURE 18
6.
7a.
7b.
9a.
9b.
DAILY HI-VOL DATA RECORD
TOTAL PARTICULATE RAW DATA CARD
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC
MEANS
SULFATES (SOj) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC MEANS
NITRATES (NOg) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC MEANS
RAPS STATION LOCATIONS
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) - BY QUARTER
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) - BY QUARTER
SULFATES (SO!) - BY QUARTER
SULFATES (SO^) - BY QUARTER
NITRATES (NOg) - BY QUARTER
NITRATES (NOg) - BY QUARTER
TSP (INDUSTRIAL)
TSP (RESIDENTIAL)
TSP (RURAL)
SO^ (INDUSTRIAL)
SOJ (RESIDENTIAL)
SOJ (RURAL)
NOg (INDUSTRIAL)
NOg (RESIDENTIAL
NO; (RURAL)
Page
6
7
27
29
32
33
42
43
44
45
46
47
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
vi
-------
TABLES
TABLE 1.
TABLE 2.
TABLE 3.
TABLE 4.
TABLE 5.
TABLE 6.
TABLE 7.
TABLE 8.
TABLE 9.
TABLE 10.
TABLE 11.
TABLE 12.
TABLE 13.
TABLE 14.
TABLE 15.
TABLE 16.
TABLE 17.
TABLE 18.
TABLE 19.
TABLE 20.
HIGH VOLUME FILTER MEASUREMENTS OF SUSPENDED PARTICU-
LATE MATTER - SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1975-1977
FAILURES BY SAMPLER MALFUNCTION
NON-SAMPLER FAILURES
QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES SENT TO RIAMC
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND SULFATE QC
SAMPLES, APRIL 1975 TO MARCH 1976
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND NITRATE QC
SAMPLES, APRIL 1975 TO MARCH 1976
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND SULFATE QC
SAMPLES, MARCH 1976 TO OCTOBER 1976
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND NITRATE QC
SAMPLES, MARCH 1976 TO OCTOBER 1976
SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
SAMPLES - 1975
SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
SAMPLES - 1976
SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
SAMPLES - 1977
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
SULFATES (SOp yg/m3
NITRATES (NOp yg/m3
STATION LOCATION AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
SULFATES (SO!) yg/m3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION 1975,
1976,1977 ^
NITRATES (NOZ) yg/m3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION 1975,
1976, 1977 J
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
SULFATES (SO yg/m3
11
12
12
16
18
18
19
21
22
23
24
26
28
31
34
35
36
37
38
39
vii
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TABLES
TABLE 21.
TABLE 22.
TABLE 23.
TABLE 24.
TABLE 25.
TABLE 26.
TABLE 27.
TABLE 28.
TABLE 29.
TABLE 30.
TABLE 31.
NITRATES (NOg) yg/m3
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
1975 A MEAN
SULFATES (S0]j) yg/m3 1975 A MEAN
NITRATES (NOg) yg/m3 1975 A MEAN
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3 1976 A MEAN
SULFATES (SOj) yg/m3 1976 A MEAN
NITRATES (NOg) yg/m3 1976 A MEAN
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3 1977 A MEAN
SULFATES (SO^) yg/m3 1977 A MEAN
NITRATES .(NOg) yg/m3 1977 A MEAN
PAIRED COMPARISON t-TEST RESULTS
Page
40
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
54
54
56
vi i i
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
An important element of the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) conducted
in the St. Louis area was the characterization of the urban aerosol. A series
of experiments, measurement and analyses of suspended particulates were con-
ducted to determine the character of aerosols in the St. Louis region in terms
of their chemical and physical properties and their probable origins and
evolution. Measurements of suspended particulates were made in either real
time or as aerosol samples which were collected for subsequent chemical analy-
sis using various traditional laboratory techniques. High volume sampler
measurements, the subject of this task order, were to be used primarily for
comparison with historical data and with other techniques for measurement of
atmospheric aerosols, and to broadly characterize the distribution of total
suspended particulates (TSP), sulfates (SO^), and nitrates (NOg) in the St.
Louis region.
Two high volume samplers were installed at each of the following RAMS
stations: 103, 105, 106, 108, 112, 115, 118, 120, 122, and 124. The samplers
were equipped with constant flow controllers (Sierra Model 310B) to insure a
constant air flow through the filter regardless of filter loading within
limits of the sampler's capabilities. However, the constant flow section was
not connected during the first year of operation, but was connected for the
remainder of the sampling period and the percentage of recoverable valid data
was vastly increased. For accurate and reliable flow data, the setpoint out-
put voltage from the constant flow controller should be periodically checked
with a calibrating device, preferably the top loading orifice calibrator.
High volume filters were Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) and were
inspected, numbered and weighed before and after each sample collection,
utilizing the Community Health Air Monitoring Program (CHAMP) procedures.
Filters were stored in an environment of 23°C and 40% relative humidity
except during filter transit and while installed in the sampler.
1
-------
One filter sample was collected every third day including weekends and
holidays at each of the ten RAMS stations in synchronism with the National
Air Surveillance Network (NASN) schedule. The period of sampling was from
midnight to midnight. The RAMS data acquisition and control system was used
to initiate and terminate sampling. Flow rate measurements from each operat-
ing sampler flow transducer were recorded by the RAMS data acquisition system.
During scheduled visits to each station for sample collection, new filters
were installed, flow rates verified, sampler system inspection made, and
preventative maintenance performed where required.
All collected samples with associated documentation were packaged in
accordance with the CHAMP sample handling and shipping procedures and mailed
to the Rockwell International Air Monitoring Center (RIAMC) Analytical
Chemistry Laboratory in Newbury Park, California, for analysis. The results
of the analyses for TSP, S07, and N(k were compiled in SAROAD format and
placed on magnetic tape for inclusion into the RAPS data bank.
A comprehensive quality assurance plan was submitted and approved by
the EPA Task Coordinator. As part of quality assurance, the following guide-
lines were established with the recommendation that data exceeding these
limits be considered for further investigation.
20 < TSP < 200
4 < SO^ < 50 values in yg/m3
1 < NOg < 10
Monthly progress reports were submitted which included descriptions of
quality assurance activities, sample status, operational performance of each
station, reasons for sampler failure, major problems and planned corrective
action and plans for future activities. Under Task Order No. 51 (Contract
DU-68-02-1081), the twenty high volume samplers of the Regional Air Monitoring
System (RAMS) were operated and maintained from 14 January 1975 to 15 August
1975. The operation and maintenance of these twenty high volume samplers
were then continued under Task Order No. 101 from 16 August 1975 to 31 March
1977. During that period, 2,358 filters were collected out of a possible
2,456 for a capture rate of 96 percent. Samples were inspected after collec-
tion and validated. A sample could be invalidated because of questionable
-------
flow rate data, site computer malfunction, bird excrement and scratches,
sampling time outside the prescribed limits (23-25 hours), mechanical damage
to filter and waterspots caused by flowing rain or snow. Some samples were
included in the Particulate Data Summary although they were outside the sample
time limits because of the useful information they might contain. These
samples are identified in the Particulate Data Summary. Eighty-eight percent
of the samples analyzed were reported. For completeness, the summaries of
data contained in this report include the data resulting from Task Order No.
51 as well as Task Order No. 101.
Cursory data analysis showed that two stations exceeded the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards. Graphical presentation of the data and rudi-
mentary statistical tests also revealed significant variations between sta-
tions and seasonal patterns.
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2.0 NETWORK OPERATIONS
Prior to initiating formal work on Task Order No. 51, the predecessor to
this task order, the installation of two each Sierra Model 305, high volume
samplers with flow controllers and computer tie-in control, was accomplished
at ten RAMS sites. This effort was performed by a change order to the basic
RAMS contract. Samplers were installed at RAMS sites 103, 105, 106, 108, 112,
115, 118, 120, 122, and 124. Installations were completed in late January
1975. The flow controller portion of the mass flow controller was not con-
nected to the motor. The motor was controlled with a manually operated motor
controller separate and apart from the Sierra 31 OB constant flow device. The
manual controller was set so that the flow through a clean filter was approxi-
mately 1.13 m3/nrin. The first two weeks of February 1975 were used to operate
the samplers for systems checkout, equipment burn-in and operator training.
Operations under Task Order No. 51 were continued under Task Order No. 101
beginning 16 August 1975 and terminating 31 March 1977. Beginning 12 February
1975, samples were collected every third day at ten stations; on 13 March
1975, the schedule was altered to coincide with the federal, state and city
schedule (NASN schedule). The filters collected for the month of February
were not analyzed because old filters from a previous task were used. The
new batch of filters had not been received from the EPA soon enough to com-
plete the pre-weighing and shipment to St. Louis by 12 February 1975.
2.1 PERSONNEL ACQUISITION AND TRAINING
Implementation of the support services required by Task Order No. 51 was
performed by two full-time technicians who also supported two other field
sampling task orders. At the time work began on this task order, the required
skilled personnel were available from other programs being phased out. Both
operators had previous experience operating high volume samplers. Since the
RAMS computer system was used to control operation of the high volume samplers
and flow data acquisition, additional training was required in this area.
4
-------
Also, new solid state automatic flow controllers were used with the high
volume samplers thereby requiring more operator training.
2.2 HIGH VOLUME SAMPLER NETWORK
An all metal filter holder was used in the installation and removal of
the samples. The exposed filter was removed inside the shelter and the
appropriate entires made on the Daily Hi-Vol Data Record (Figure 1), and the
Total Particulate Raw Data Card (Figure 2). The exposed filter was placed in
a manila folder and put into an envelope along with the Data Record Cards.
The collected samples were later returned to the RAPS office where they were
recorded in a high volume sampler record book. On 19 January 1976,a new
system for recording filter data was initiated. The new system incorporated
the Particulate Raw Data Record and the manila folder into one unit. The
combined folder and Raw Data Record consisted of the folder with three copies
of the Raw Data Record attached to the folder. When data were recorded on
the first sheet, it was transferred to the other sheets and the folder.
When the exposed filters were analyzed, three copies of the Raw Data Record
were returned to the RAPS St. Louis facility for their records.
Prior to April 1976, flow rate data were not sent with the exposed
filters. The filters were analyzed at the chemistry lab in California after
'which the raw analyses were sent back to the St. Louis facility where the
flow rate data were merged with the raw analyses in the RAMS computer. The
output from the RAMS computer resulted in a printout of concentrations and
a magnetic tape in SAROAD format. During the month of March 1976, a new
method for reporting filter data and filter validation was conceived. The
new reporting system resulted in the printout and magnetic tape being pro-
duced at the time the filter analyses were performed. This was accomplished
because all the necessary information was placed on the new Total Suspended
Particulates form. The printout of high volume data for each site contained
the following information:
-------
EPA (Di:| 202
DAILY HI-VOL DATA RECORD
City & Slate .
Year 19 Site Number
Type ol Sampler: Regular
Other
Sampler Serial Number
Filter Number
Time Start
Time Stop
mo. day hr min CFM
mo. day hr min CFM
Total Minutes Sampled
FOR LAB
USE ONLY
CFM
CFM
FIELD NOTES:
For lab use only:
Gross Wgt.-Filter
Tare Wgt.-Filter
Particulate Wgt.
Tube & Sample
Tube Tare Wgt.
Wgt. of Extract
Tola I Wgt. (9x2).
SIGNATURES:
• Sample On: .
Sample Ofl:
PARTICULATE DATA
ORGANIC DATA
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
(grams)
o
o
LU
Of
<
o
>
I
UJ
a:
C3
CUT
-------
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES
FMT.
SITE
START
STOP
X
*
2
1
(1-2)
NOTE: X
(3-6)
DATE
YR
STAT-
US
CODE
MO
DAY
TIME
MOTOR SERIAL NO.
FLOWMETER
SERIAL NO.
LAB. ANALYSIS
<
^
<
<
&
>
»
»
0- COMPUTER
1 -MANUAL
FLOW
(m3/m)
t
r
FILTER
ANALYSIS DATE
YR
MO DAY
c.c.
(59-63)
(64-68)
(69-73)
(74-78)
NO.
(7-19)
(20-32)
(3347)
*0-REG.
1-DUP.
:
(48-58)
TYPE OF ANALYSIS
SAMP. + TARE
WT.
(mg.)
TAREWT. (mg.)
NOxWT.(mg.)
SOX WT. {mg.)
VALIDATION CODE
0 0
(79-80)
CITY:
JULIAN STOP DATE:
METER FLOW OBSERVED
START (m3/m)
STOP (m3/m)
FIELD COMMENTS:
ON BY:
OFF BY:
LAB. COMMENTS:
ANAtYZED BY:
EPA(DUR)328
FIGURE 2. TOTAL PARTICULATE RAW DATA CARD
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1. Julian date - start and stop
2. Start time - stop time
3. Filter number
4. Start weight - stop weight (of filter)
5. Flow in cubic meters
6. A four digit code, having the following meaning
FIELD CODE MEANING
Raw data card SAROAD
33 70 0 Flow controlled operation
1 Manually set operation
34 71 0 Normal operation—24 hour data
1 Interrupted operation—less than
24 hours
2 Interpolated data; 24 hour opera-
tion, but some computer entries
missing
35-36 72-73 00 Normal 24 hour operation
XX Hours of operation, if code in
field 34 and 71 is 1
XX Interpolated hours, if code in
field 34 and 71 is 2
7. Total suspended particulates (TSP) in mg on filter; concentration
3
in jag/ml; airborne concentration in yg/m .
8. Sulfate - same units
9. Nitrate - same units
10. Comments
The~c6rista~nt flow circuit of the controller was connected before the
start of sampling scheduled for 19 January 1976. The controls were set to
yield flows of approximately 1.27 mVmin. at all stations except to sampler
No. 2 at RAMS site 118. The output voltage at 1.27 m3/min. Was at the upper
limit of 5 volts that could be measured by the station's data acquisition
system. The flow for sampler No. 2 at RAMS site 118 was set for approxi-
mately 0.91 mVmin.
8
-------
Programs were written for the RAMS data acquisition system to convert
the average total flows which were in cfm to cubic meters. With the addition
of this information on the flow data printout sheets all manual computations
were eliminated. The flows were entered on the raw data cards sent to the
chemistry lab. The flow data printout information seemed to indicate that
the constant flow controllers maintained a constant flow through the filters
for all practical purposes.
In March 1976 a protective device was designed to keep birds from using
the high volume shelter as a nesting and roosting site. Sparrows seemed to
give the most trouble. No trouble was experienced with the birds in populated
areas. Several methods had been tried in the past to protect the samplers,
including toy snakes. The snakes were successful for only a short time until
the birds would actually physically remove them or build nests beside them.
The newly designed device consisted of an aluminum frame with a 15.9 mm mesh
plastic net material draped over the frame. This device proved to be the
only means for effectively protecting the samplers from the birds.
During the month of August 1976 extra high volume filters were sampled by
running the spare sampler on four consecutive sampling days with the regular
sampler. At the end of the sample period the extra high volume filters were
treated with NH-. Before the filters were removed the sampler was turned on
and approximately 150 cc of NHo was released over the filter. These filters
and five blanks were given to the EPA Task Coordinator to be analyzed at
Research Triangle Park.
Occasionally flow data would be lost in the data acquisition for no
apparent reason. Careful investigation by RAMS personnel indicated losses
usually occurred when the minicomputer malfunctioned and had to be reprogrammed.
The high volume sampler would continue to run after the computer malfunctioned
but if for some reason it had to be reprogrammed the sampler motor would be
stopped and would not start again until it received a command from the computer.
Two "start" commands were available to the operator, (1) an abbreviated com-
mand, requiring few instructions and (2) a longer command requiring about
twice as many instructions. It was discovered that when the abbreviated com-
mand was used the data loss would sometimes occur, though not always, but
would never occur when the longer command was used. When this glitch was
-------
identified, the longer command was the only one used to restart a sampler.
RAMS site 124 was deactivated in February 1977. The remaining network
continued to operate normally until the close of business on 31 March 1977,
after which time the samplers were removed from the shelter roofs and
stored inside the shelters.
During the period of performance of the sampling network 2,358 filters
were collected out of a possible 2,456 for collection efficiency of 96%. The
collection efficiency by station is presented in Table 1. Tables 2 and 3
present a compilation of the most prevalent sampler and non-sampler related
malfunctions experienced during the life of the network.
2.3 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
During scheduled visits to each station for sample collection, sampler
systems were inspected and preventative maintenance performed as required.
Motor brush replacement proved to be the biggest maintenance item. A table
was constructed for each sampler indicating all maintenance required. The
table was used to project the expected date of brush replacement. It proved
to be superior to the usual practice of changing brushes after a fixed number
of hours of operation because each sampler motor exhibited its own peculiar
characteristics. During preventative maintenance periods, it became apparent
that periodic checks for leaks should be performed. Leaks in the system will
give a false flow output voltage reading because the feedback circuit con-
trolling the flow would compensate for the leak. The output voltage was a
function of the sample flow through the filter.
For the lifetime of the sampling network, seventy-five sets of motor
brushes, five solid state a.c. relays, and two sampler motors were replaced
and ten constant flow controllers were repaired at the Rockwell International
Air Monitoring Center in St. Louis.
2.4 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Total suspended particulates were determined gravimetrically from the
weights of the glass fiber filters before and after sampling on a Mettler
H20 analytical balance. Gnats and/or other insects embedded in the particu-
late matter were removed with Teflon-tipped tweezers, being careful not to
10
-------
TABLE 1. HIGH VOLUME FILTER MEASUREMENTS OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATE
MATTER-SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 1975-1977
Sample Total Total Total Total Failures Total Failures Per Cent Failures Per Cent Failures
RAMS Period Possible Samples Samples Due to Sampler Due to Due to Due to Station j
Station (Hours) Samples Collected Failed Malfunction Miscellaneous Causes Sampler Malfunction Miscellaneous Causes Efficiency;
103 24 247 240 7
105 24 247 243 4
106 24 247 236 11
108 24 247 239 8
112 24 247 235 12
115 '24 247 238 9
118 24 247 236 11
120 24 248 231 17
122 24 247 242 5
124* 24 232 218 14
TOTAL 2456 2358 98
5 2 2.02 0.81 97.17 j
2 2 0.81 0.81 98.38 ;
5 6 2.02 2.43 95.55 ;
1
I
4 4 1.62 1.62 96.76
5 7 2.02 2.83 95.14 :
4 5 1.62 2.02 96.36 ,
4 7 1.62 2.83 95.55 |
4 13 1.62 5.24 93.15 :
1 4 0.40 1.62 97.98 '
\
3 >1 1.29 4.74 93.97 1
37 61
RAMS Station De-Activated 14 February 1977
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TABLE 2. FAILURES BY SAMPLER MALFUNCTION
CAUSES
Brushes
Flow Controller
Relay
Motor
NUMBER
24
8
4
1
PERCENT
64.86
21.62
10.81
2.70
TABLE 3. NON-SAMPLER FAILURES
CAUSES
Computer
Various Misc.
Station Power
Thunderstorm
NUMBER
37
17
4
3
PERCENT
60.65
27.87
6.56
4.92
12
-------
displace any more of the participate matter than necessary. If the number
was greater than 10, a report to a supervisor was made for a decision on
whether to accept or reject the sample. Filters were weighed to the nearest
milligram. The exposed filter weight was recorded in the laboratory logbook
and on the filter folder. All documentation was checked and compared for
completeness and accuracy. The exposed filter was also inspected for signs
of air leakage or physical damage. When accuracy of documentation was assured,
the difference between the two weights gave the total suspended particulates.
A 19 x 200 mm filter strip was cut from the center of the exposed glass
fiber high volume filter using a Honeywell-Nikor paper cutter equipped with
spring loaded stops to provide a 19 mm cut. The strip folded in four was
placed in a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 30 ml distilled H,>0 was added, and the
solution was refluxed for thirty minutes. After that, the heat was turned
off and when the boiling stopped,the inside surfaces of the condenser and
adaptor were rinsed down from the upper opening of the condenser with small
amounts of distilled water. Finally, the Erlenmeyer, while it was still warm,
was disconnected from the condenser and the aqueous extract was filtered
through Whatman No. 41 filter paper into a 50 ml volumetric flask. The
filter strip which remained in the Erlenmeyer was washed at least 5 times
with small amounts of distilled water and the washings were filtered through
the same paper into the 50 ml volumetric flask. The solution was then diluted
to volume with distilled water. ' An aliquot of the solution was transferred
from the volumetric flask to a capped culture tube and was placed in a refrig-
erator until time for analysis. The samples were usually analyzed within
three days of extraction. This was the method used to extract water soluble
sulfates and nitrates.
Sulfate and nitrate were determined from the same sample using a two-
channel Technicon Autoanalyzer II. For this, the two channels were connected
with the sampler by means of a sampler splitter, through which the appro-
priate volume of sample required for each analysis was transferred into the
analytical cartridges. In this way, the determination of sulfate and nitrate
was performed simultaneously from the same solution. Calibration curves were
obtained using mixed standards containing sulfate and nitrate ions.
13
-------
The sulfates were analyzed by the methyl thymol blue (MTB) method and
were based on the spectral difference which exists in basic solutions (ph
12.5-13.0), between the barium complex of MTB and the free MTB.
The nitrate extracted from the exposed filter was reduced to nitrite by
a copperized-cadmium reductor column and was reacted with sulfanilamide in
an acidic solution to form a diazo compound. This compound was then coupled
with an N-1-naphthyl ethylenediamene dihydrochloride for form a reddish-
purple azo dye which was determined spectrophotometrically at 560 nm.
While the network collection rate was 96%, the valid data capture rate
was 88% because filters were invalidated as a result of bird damage (excrement
and scratches) and questionable flow data from the data acquisition system.
2.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
High volume filters were Government Furnished Equipment (GFE) and were
inspected, numbered and weighed before and after each sample collection at
the RIAMC laboratory utilizing the Community Health Air Monitoring Program
(CHAMP) procedures. Each filter was visually inspected with the aid of a
light table and all filters with pinholes, tears, creases or lumps were dis-
carded. A serial number was assigned to each filter and stamped on two
diagonally opposite corners, one stamp on each side of the filter. The filters
were equilibrated in a conditioned environment with the average temperature
between 20°C and 25°C and a relative humidity maintained at about 35-40 per-
cent for 24 hours before weighing. The temperature and relative humidity of
the room was monitored continuously. The numbered filters were recorded in
a logbook. The number was rechecked after weighing and the weight of the
filter corresponding to that filter number was also checked again. The
balance was checked on a daily basis, using a standard weight in the same
mass range as the samples. The standard was one that was traceable to the
National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and was recertified on an annual basis.
When possible, filters were numbered and weighed in quantities sufficient
for at least a three month sampling period. The inspected filters were shipped
to the St. Louis Air Monitoring Center where they were stored in an environ-
ment of approximately 23°C and 40% relative humidity until placed in the sam-
pler for exposure. After exposure, the filters were returned to the
14
-------
controlled environment until shipment back to the analytical laboratory.
The filters were in a controlled environment at all times except while
installed in the sampler and during transit.
Quality assurance checks for mass determination for both exposed and
unexposed filters were done for 10% of the filters. The selection of the
filters for the quality assurance check was done on a random basis and by a
different operator from the one that originally had weighed the filters.
All the quality check values were recorded in the balance logbook and were
used for the construction of quality control charts. In addition to the
temperature and humidity controlled weighing room, a large desiccating cham-
ber was used to condition the exposed filters before weighing. The humidity
of the chamber was maintained at about 35-40% by using solid desiccants such
as Si02.
All inorganic reagent chemicals used during the analyses were from
reputable manufacturers and were ACS reagent grade with the analysis given
on the bottle. Where the concentration of impurities in the reagents was
high enough to interfere, an ultra-pure grade of chemical was used. After
each lot of each chemical had been characterized and found to be satisfactory,
they were used until the supply was reduced by approximately 80%. Solutions
were made from the new chemicals and compared with the analytical results of
the old chemicals to insure that no differences existed between the different
lots of chemicals.
When new chemical solutions had to be prepared for the analytical pro-
cedure, even though the same (previously tested) bottle of chemical was used,
a careful comparison of analytical results obtained with the two solutions
were made. This was done by running three standards and three samples with
both reagents. All bottles of reagent solutions not currently in use with
the Technicon Autoanalyzers were stored in a refrigerator in dark or covered
bottles to prevent possible deterioration. This also included stock solu-
tions of all standards.
The Technicon Autoanalyzer II, which was used for the determination of
sulfates and nitrates, was calibrated against synthetic standard solutions.
Five point calibration plots were run at the beginning and at the end of
each batch of samples. Four different control samples were used to monitor
15
-------
the performance of the instrument during the run. The first control sample
was an aqueous extract which had been analyzed in the previous tray. The
second was a blank which had been spiked with known amounts of sulfate and
nitrate once a week. The third was a standard solution and the fourth was
a duplicate exposed strip which occasionally was spiked with known amounts
of sulfate and nitrate. Control samples unknown to the operator but known
to a supervisor were used once a week. The latter was either a spiked sample
or a standard solution.
A 10-point calibration was used to calibrate each sampler. Once cali-
brated and set for a specific flow rate, each sampler's output voltage was
noted and routinely checked each time a filter was placed in the sampler and
also each time a station was visited and a sampler was running. If and when
a ±5% variation in voltage was noted, the sampler was recalibrated with the
330 Top-Loading Orifice Calibrator and a water manometer. The manufacturer
claims that once calibrated and set for a specific flow rate, the Model 310
would maintain the flow rate constant at that level for at least a six
month period. Routine calibration checks seemed to bear out that claim.
However, after the first six months of operation, calibrations were performed
approximately every three months and routine spot checks were made monthly
with the calibration equipment. The results of the calibrations, spot checks
and the percent differences were reported in the monthly progress reports.
As part of the quality control program, the EPA Quality Assurance Branch
(QAB) sent RIAMC unknown samples to be analyzed during their routine deter-
mination of pollutant concentrations in air samples. The number and type of
quality control samples sent to RIAMC are given in Table 4.
Table 4. Quality Control Samples Sent to RIAMC
Pollutant
Sulfate
Nitrate
Sample Matrix
Glass fiber filter
Glass fiber filter
Number of Samples
in a Set
10
10
Frequency
Weekly
Weekly
16
-------
The sulfate blind samples analyzed by RIAMC during the period from April
1975 to March 1976 were all from the same lot. The amount of sulfate in the
quality control (QC) samples was determined from the gravimetric preparation
of the samples by a contractor and verified by QAB analysis.
A summary of the accuracy and precision of the RIAMC sulfate analysis
over the time period is given in Table 5. Except for the lowest level,.RIAMC
sulfate mean results are within ±8% of the spike. The higher percentages at
the lowest levels probably result from fluctuations in the blank response
which also effect the lower sulfate levels. The mean range is the mean of
the range of results for each week for the sample level being analyzed.
The only analytical problem encountered during these analyses was the
high chloride blank value. St. Louis blank filter strips were extracted
i _
during the start of sampling for Cl. The average concentration of chloride
for the blank (1/12 of filter diluted to 50 ml) was 4.38±0.60 ppm. Using
regular scale, 12 ppm was full scale, and the blank at 33% of full scale,
was as high as many samples. Though Cl analysis was not required by this
task order, the analysis was attempted as it was trivial to perform in con-
junction with the other analyses done on the sample. Because of the high
background, the results were considered of limited usefulness and not reported
in this task order.
Nitrate was spiked on the same filters that were analyzed for sulfate.
Thus, the frequency and number of samples analyzed were identical to the
sulfate schedule. As was the case for sulfates, most of the largest percent
differences occurred in the lowest nitrate levels. A summary of the accuracy
and precision of RIAMC nitrate analysis is given in Table 6.
For the period from March 1976 to October 1976, Table 7 summarizes the
RIAMC blind sulfate analytical results according to spike level. For samples
spiked with 500 to 6500 yg SO^ per strip (3 to 32 yg/m3) RIAMC recoveries
ranged from 101% to 96% while the precision, measured by the coefficient of
variation (CV) ranged from 1% to 6%. The sample containing 5500 yg SO^ shows
107% recovery, but the sample was later found to be manufactured incorrectly.
Half the filters in this batch were spiked at 5500 yg while the other half
was spiked at 6875 yg. Therefore, the 107% recovery and the large CV in
17
-------
TABLE
Sample (yg
T81
477
752
1508
2373
3857
5078
6417
5. SUMMARY OF RIAMC
APRIL
SOJ RIAMC Mean (yg
•"+
264
513
749
1428
2240
3627.
4777
6021
ANALYSIS OF BLIND
1975 TO MARCH 1976
SOJ % Difference
+ 46
+ 8
0
- 5
- 6
- 6
- 6
- 6
SULFATE QC SAMPLES,
Mean Range % Mean
35.0 1
36.7
44.3
30.5
48.5
53.8
115.0
131.6
Range
3
7
6
2
2
1
2
2
TABLE
Sample (yg
92
229
476
679
884
1116
1381
1608
6. SUMMARY OF RIAMC
APRIL
NOJ RIAMC Mean (yg
j
52
188
392
615
839
1043
1352
1562
ANALYSIS OF BLIND
1975 TO MARCH 1976
NO,) % Difference
- 43
- 18
- 18
- 9
- 5
- 7
- 2
- 3
NITRATE QC SAMPLES,
Mean Range % Mean
Range
17.0 33
16.0
25.6
30.0
21.4
25.4
24.5 .
25.7
9
7
5
3
2
2
2
18
-------
TABLE 7.
Spike
Values
*
200.
250.
405.
498.
650.
746.
1400.
1725.
1737.
2400.
2670.
3588.
4240.
4600.
5500.
5694.
6300.
6549.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00*
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND SULFATE QC SAMPLES,
MARCH 1976 to OCTOBER 1976
AVE
Results
168.
318.
319.
465.
502.
653.
740.
1341.
1694.
1720.
2309.
2633.
3490.
4127.
4457.
5899.
5642.
6079.
6413.
81
80
00
53
07
53
40
73
40
47
83
33
20
33
40
39
93
93
13
Std.
36
39
37
54
36
32
45
37
24
93
43
63
74
89
705
93
141
72
Dev.
.00
.96
.65
.70
.74
.77
.81
.36
.65
.04
.62
.40
.26
.48
.68
.96
.80
.93
.03
AVE
Range
.00
57.60
59.40
66.00
63.60
51.40
63.80
83.80
69.60
35.80
153.83
84.40
107.00
126.00
116.80
1273.00
138.40
192.60
143.80
% Recovery
AVE/Spike 100
159
127
114
100
100
99
95
98
99
96
98
97
97
96
107
99
96
97
.00
.40
.60
.95
.82
.54
.25
.84
.23
.05
.24
.63
.27
.34
.90
.26
.10
.51
.93
CV
Std. Dev.
.
11.
12.
8.
10.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
4.
1.
1.
1.
2.
11.
1.
2.
1.
/AVE 100
00
59
43
10
90
63
43
38
22
40
05
65
81
80
01
97
66
33
12
N
31
15
15
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
18
15
15
15
15
18
15
15
15
-------
Table 7 are due to incorrect filters rather than analytical variability.
Table 8 summarizes the RIAMC blind nitrate analytical results according
to spike level. RIAMC obtained recoveries of 93% to 100% for samples which
contained 300 yg NO^ to 2000 yg NO^ (1.5 yg/m3 to 10 yg/m3) and precisions
measured by the CV between 1% and 6%. Below 300 yg (6 yg NO^/ml in filter
extract) both recoveries and precision are much worse.
RIAMC developed a more sensitive nitrate and sulfate procedure for the
recovery of low levels of spiked extracts. When spiked extracts were analyzed
by both the routine and sensitive procedures, an improvement in both precision
and recovery was achieved with the sensitive method.
Replicate analyses of selected sample filters were also used as part of
the quality control program. The samples selected for the check were picked
by the Task Order Coordinator. Tables 9 through 11 present the results of
checks for 1975 and 1976. However, particulate deposits and blank value may
be non-uniform as a function of position on the filter. TSP data were
checked and verified in every case.
20
-------
ro
TABLE 8.
Spike
Values
.
31.
no.
173.
200.
347.
400.
575.
700.
850.
894.
1000.
1036.
1273.
1400.
1597.
1600.
1878.
3500.
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
SUMMARY OF RIAMC ANALYSIS OF BLIND NITRATE QC SAMPLES,
MARCH 1976 TO OCTOBER 1976
AVE
Results
13
56
30
148
174
322
373
559
650
776
869
993
1006
1243
1346
1537
1543
1799
3501
.42
.40
.87
.93
.78
.12
.53
.40
.53
.50
.13
.60
.93
.07
.47
.87
.58
.87
.87
Std.
^
13,
13.
9.
43.
9.
21.
15.
32.
49.
24.
22.
11.
19.
74.
27.
67.
26.
44.
Dev.
00
71
88
03
62
88
44
34
72
89
90
39
42
53
65
58
84
76
15
AVE
Range
.00
13.00
20.80
10.80
68.33
16.00
21.60
27.40
55.20.
55.33
41.80
24.40
17.80
33.40
89.40
52.20
67.83
43.20
85.40
% Recovery
AVE/ Spike 100
9
61.
28.
86.
87.
42.
93.
97.
92.
91.
97.
99.
97.
97.
96.
96.
96.
95.
100.
00
98
06
09
39
83
38
29
93
35
22
36
19
65
18
30
47
84
05
CV
Std. Dev. /AVE 100
.
24.
44.
6.
24.
3.
5.
2.
5.
6.
2.
2.
1.
1.
5.
1.
4.
1.
1.
00
30
97
06
96
07
74
74
03
42
86
25
13
57
54
79
39
49
26
N
31
15
15
15
18
15
15
15
15
18
15
15
15
15
15
15
18
15!
t
15
-------
TABLE 9. SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SAMPLES - 1975
Station
106
108
112
112
118
120
122
122
1 122
124
Exposure
Date
9 September^
26 December
11 July
26 November
22 August
16 August
22 March
26 June
3 October
1 1 December
SOI,
yg/ml
First Analysis
55.22
40.31
23.01
75.42
62.18
68.72
26.32
211.95
28.62
33.23
ug/ml
Second Analysis
51.03
41.41
21.86
36.84
63.70
64.39
25.83
213.15
28.01
34.46
Percent
Difference
- 8.2
2.7
- 5.3
-104.7
2.4
- 6.7
- 1.9
5.6
- 2.2
3.6
NO-
yg/ml
First Analysis
14.85
10.69
12.27
32.77
1.25
5.98
27.04
0.39
12.19
6.93
yg/ml
Second Analysis
13.34
11.00
12.12
16.09
0.87
4.98
26.84
0.71
11.87
6.37
Percent
Difference
- 11.3
.2.8
- 1,2
-103.7
- 43.7*
- 20.1*
- 7.5
- 45.1*
- 2.7
- 8.8
*These concentrations are below the limit for precise, accurate determination.
-------
ro,
TABLE 10. SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SAMPLES - 1976
Station
103
105
106
108
108
112
112
115
118
118
120
122
122
124
124
124
Exposure
Date
23 December
17 December
3 February
24 September
30 October
17 July
2 December
25 August
25 August
24 September
24 September
25 August
21 October
1 January
19 August
25 August
S04
yg/ml
First Analysis
20.4
91.6
11.3
15.8
83.3
104.3
84.8
12.0
24.9
46.5
95.5
yg/ml
Second Analysis
22.2
87.6
10.4
15.0
77.7
102.1
82.8
12.2
23.7
45.6
89.7
Percent
Difference
8.1
-4.6
-8.7
-5.3
-7.2
-2.1
-2.4
1.6
-5.1
-2.0
-6.5
NO-
yg/ml
First Analysis
2.8
0.0
5.7
7.5
15.1
0.0
0.0
11.3
11.4
0.0
6.5
0.3
0.0
yg/ml
Second Analysis
4.3
0.0
5.9
7.5
15.9
0.0
0.0
10.0
9.8
0.0
6.0
0.4
0.0
Percent
Difference
34.9*
0.0
3.4
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
-13.0
-16.3
0.0
- 8.3
25.0*
0.0
*These concentrations are below the limit for precise, accurate determination.
-------
Station
103
105
105
106
120
122
122
122
122
122
TABLE 11. SUMMARY OF RIAMC REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SAMPLES - 1977
Expdstifi
" Date
27 February
27 February
28 March
28 January
28 March
3 February
6 February
18 February
27 February
27 February
so=4
yg/rii3
First Analysis
3.56 ;
5.27
5.27
5.53
3.00**
6.61
3.84
6.88
7.11
yg/m3
Second Analysis
4.02
5.11
5.22
5.49
5.09
6.72
4.07
6.19
6.69*
6,28
Percent
Difference
11.4
- 3.1
- 1.0
- 0.7
41.1
1.6
5.7
-11.1
- 6.1
-13.2
NO-
yg/m3
First Analysis
0.13**
2.63
2.63
1.10**
2.36
6.80
4.95
7.63
4.09
yg/m
Second Analysis
0.32*
2.82
2.82
1.21**
2.67
6.99
5.18
7.78
4.33
4.14
Percent
Difference
59.4
6.7
6.7
9.1
11.6
2.7
4.4
1.9
5.7
1.2
*Duplicate strip analyzed at time of second analysis.
**Exposure level is low, 10% analytical precision is not achieved.
-------
3.0 DATA SUMMARY
All reduction of continuous data was performed at the RAPS central com-
puting facility and recorded on magnetic tape in SAROAD format. Output
signals from each high volume sampler's flow controller were fed into the
RAMS station computer where they were read every one-half second and averaged
every sixty seconds. These data were then transmitted back to the central
computer facility where subsequent operations transformed the high volume
flow through the filters into cubic meters. The flow data in cubic meters
were sent to the analytical laboratory with the exposed high volume filter
ahcTafter the filters were analyzed, the data were returned on magnetic tape
in micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3).
3.1 TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP)
The arithmetic mean and standard deviation, and the geometric mean and
standard deviation for 1975, 1976 and the first quarter of 1977 are presented
in Table 12 for the ten monitoring stations. The Federal Air Quality Stan-
o
dard for the annual geometric mean for TSP is 75 pg/m . The annual geometric
means of the network for 1975, 1976 and the first quarter of 1977 are also
presented graphically in Figure 3. Stations 103 and 105 exceeded the Federal
Standard for 1975 and 1976. Station 105 was slightly above the standard for
the first quarter of 1977. There was a slight increase in 1976 over the 1975
mean at every station except at stations 112, and 120, which showed a slight
decrease.
3.2 SULFATES (SO^), NITRATES (N0:j)
There are no Federal Air Quality Standards for particulate sulfates or
nitrates at this time. Table 13 presents the arithmetic mean and standard
deviation, geometric mean and standard deviation for sulfates for 1975, 1976
and the first quarter of 1977. The annual geometric means for sulfates are
plotted in Figure 4 and show a decrease in the annual mean for all stations
25
-------
TABLE. 12. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) fuq/m3
RAMS Stations
Year-1975
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year- 1976
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year-1977*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
103
97.0
36.3
90.5
1.5
99.4
44.5
90.0
1.5
71.4
33.4
62.5
1.8
105
85.3
30.1
80.4
1.4
89.8
35.6
83.3
1.5
81.7
33.5
75.7
1.5
106
77.2
34.3
69.9
1.6
79.6
35.2
73.3
1.5
69.2
36.6
62.6
1.5
108
83.0
35.6
74.5
1.7
90.9
56.7
77.8
1.7
71.3
50.5
59.3
1.8
112
81.7
45.4
71.7
1.7
79.8
51.0
69.9
1.6
56.7
28.9
51.4
1.5
115
57.7
25.0
52.7
1.5
60.0
27.7
54.4
1.5
44.8
24.1
39.8
1.6
118
65.8
35.7
57.2
1.8
68.1
32.8
61.4
1.9
43.0
14.2
41.1
1.4
120
69.6
42.0
59.7
1-7
54.1
22.6
50.2
1.5
49.9
26.5
44.9
1.7
122
51.1
29.2
44.7
1.7
59.8
43.3
52.0
1.6
38.2
22.0
33.6
1.6
124
56.4
53.0
45.4
1.8
54.6
31.2
48.0
1.7
34.3
9.5
33.0
1.3
*1977—First Quarter Only
-------
A - 19.75..
B - 1976
C - 1977 (First Quarter)
ro
~
:D
100
9C
80
5 70
60
50
.
13
O
S 40
30
20
10
FEDERAL ANNUAL STANDARD
103
105
106
108
112 115
STATIONS
118
120
122
FIGURE 3. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC MEANS
-------
ro
oo,
TABLE 13. , SULFATES (S04) yg/m3
RAMS Stations
Year-1975
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year-1976
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year-1977*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
103
13.1
6.6
11.7
1.6
13.3
8.7
11.6
1.6
10.1
3.8
9.5
1.5
105
12.5
6.1
11.3
1.6
12.6
7.9
10.0
1.7
9.7
4.8
8.9
1.5
• 106
13.8
8.7
12.0
1.7
11.9
7.6
10.3
1.7
8.3
2.8
7.9
1.4
108
14.5
7.6
12.7
1.7
13.7
11.1
11.3
1.8
10.2
3.9
9.6
1.4
112
13.1
8.4
11.1
1.7
11.7
8.0
10.0
1.7
7.9
2.6
7.5
1.3
115
12.7
7.9
11.1
1.6
11.0
6.0
9.8
1.8
8.5
3.4
8.1
1.4
118
10.9
6.2
9.7 .
1.6
11.7
7.8
10.2
1.7
8.2
2.3
7.9
1.3
120
13.9
11.1
11.4
1.8
10.3
7.1
8.8
1.7
7.4
2.6
7.0
1.4
122
11.9
9.5
9.8
1.8
11.4
8.4
9.6
1.7
8.0
2.6
7.6
1.4
124
11.6
9.2
9.8
1.7
10.3
6.4
9.1
1.61
8.3
2.4
8.0 ,
1.3,
!
*1977--First Quarter Only
-------
12
10
o
»—«
co
Z3
(J
§
o
103
A - 1975
B - 1976
C - 1977 (First Quarter)
105
106
108
118
112 115
STATIONS'
FIGURE 4. SULFATES (SO^) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC MEANS
120
124
-------
except station 118. Sulfates appear to be fairly well distributed through-
out the area under test.
The arithmetic mean and standard deviation for nitrates is presented in
Table 14 for 1975, 1976 and the first quarter of 1977. The annual geometric
means for nitrates are presented in Figure 5 and show an increase for sta-
tions 103, 105, 106, 115, 118, and 122 in 1976 and 1975. During the same
period, stations 108, 112, 120, and 124 had a decrease.
3.3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION - TSP, SOj, NO^
Figure 6 presents the geographical location of all the RAMS stations
and Table 15 describes the immediate area surrounding each station. The high
volume stations were located in both urban and non-urban localities. Tables
16, 17, and 18 present TSP, SO^, and NO^ frequency distributions for RAPS
high volume samples. These tables contain values not only for the complete
twenty-four hour samples, but also for samples terminated prematurely.
It may be noted from Table 16, that for TSP, the urban stations had
fewer filter loadings of less than 25 yg/m3. All stations are more closely
grouped in the 50 to 100 yg/m3 range. At the highest range, > 200 yg/m3,
all stations have a fair representation. The heavy loading for the non-urban
stations, in part, probably resulted from activities related to harvesting of
grain or other agricultural activities.
Table 17 presents the frequency distribution for S07. The two groups
of stations follow pretty much the same pattern for S07 as they did for
TSP for the lightest loadings. The stations are more closely grouped for
loadings between 5 and 20 yg/m3. At the high end of the range, > 40 yg/m3,
the representation is again fairly equal for both groups. However, agricul-
tural activity cannot explain this phenomena. The NOg distribution is shown
in Table 18 and here the differences between the two groups are not as well
defined as they are for TSP and S0]j.
3.4 ANNUAL MAXIMUM FILTER LOADINGS
Tables 19, 20, and 21 show the maximum filter loadings for TSP, SOl, and
NOg and the dates on which the maximum loadings occurred, only for complete
twenty-four samples. It may be noted that in no instance did the maximums
for all three particulates occur on the same date.
30
-------
TABLE: 14. : NITRATES
yg/m
RAMS Stations
Year-1975
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year- 19 76
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
Year-1977*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
G Mean
G Std. Dev.
103
3.6
2.4
2.9
1.9
3.9
2.0
3.5
1.7
3.8
1.8
3.1
2.2
105
4.1
2.4
3.5
1.7
4.0
2.1
3.6
1.6
4.3
1.9
3.8
1.7
106
3.7
2.6
3.0
2.1
3.5
2.1
3.1
1.7
3.6
1.8
3.1
1.8
108
4.1
2.6
3.4
1.9
3.7
2.2
3.1
1.9
4.3
2.0
3.8
1.7
112
3.6
2.1
3.1
1.8
3.4
1.8
3.0
1.7
3.7
1.9
3.3
1.7
115
3.2
1.7
2.6
2.2
3.4
1.7
3.0
1.6
4.0
1.9
3.6
1.7
118
2.7
1.6
2.3
1.9
3.1
1.8
2.6
1.9
3.7
1.6
3.3
1.7
120
4.3
2.5
3.5
1.9
3.2
1.8
2.8
1.7
3.8
1.6
3.4
1.6
122
3.2
2.1
2.5
2.2
3.7
2.4
3.2
1.7
3.9
1.7
3.5
1.7
124
3.1
1.9
2.6
1.9
2.9
1.7
2.4
1.9
3.9
2.0
3.3
1.9
*1977--First Quarter Only
-------
A - 1975
B - 1976
C - 1977 (First Quarter)
GO
ro
LU -
I—
LU
O
ca
o
o
C£
O
103
122
124
FIGURE 5. NITRATES (NO^) - ANNUAL GEOMETRIC MEANS
-------
•yo
m
en
-o
CO
CO
O
O
o
co
-------
TABLE 15. STATION LOCATION AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
RAMS Station
Station Location
Immediate Surrounding Area
103
105
106
108
112
115
118
120
122
124
National City, Illinois
Big Bend Road
St. Louis, Missouri
Seventh Street and
Shenandoah Avenue
St. Louis, Missouri
Missouri Botanical Gardens
Granite City, Illinois
Pontoon Road
Clayton, Missouri
Washington University
athletic field
Poag, Illinois
Poag Road
St. Clair County, Illinois'
Diehl farm
Mule" Road
St. Louis County, Missouri
Lackland Road
Jersey County, Illinois-
Norton farm
County Route 4
Monroe County, Illinois-
Noble farm
County Route 1
Immediate area around station was
mostly farmland, fertilizer plant
utilizing waste and bone material
and dog food plant approximately
1/4 mile to the northeast.
On rear parking lot of fire depart-
ment station in urban commercial-
industrial and residential area.
Located on,.the grounds of the
Missouri Botanical Gardens with
nearby residential buildings.
Immediate area around station was
farmed extensively. Several heavy
industries located more than 3
miles away to the south and south*.
east.
Located on the athletic field con-
taining a cinder track in front of
the station and a ball field to the
rear.
Entirely surrounded by farmland.
Entirely surrounded by farmland.
Located on Ferguson Machinery park-
ing lot in an area of light commer-
cial businesses.
Entirely surrounded by farmland.
Entirely surrounded by farmland.
34
-------
co
en
TABEE. 16. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) pg/m3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1975, 1976, 1977*
RAMS Stations
103
105
106
108
112
us:
118
120
122
124
<25
2
1
1
4
3
8
7
6
30
19
25-50
23
18
41
52
61
90
79
94
98
81
50-75
51
73
80
60
74
65
71
55
68
44
75-100
48
73
46
44
43
35
40
25
23
17
100-125
52
30
30
30
26
11
11
12
8
8
125-150
22
19
7
21
11
3
4
1
4
1
150-175
10
8
4
11
7
0
5
3
0
1
175-200
3
2
2
3
2
1
2
0
0
1
>200
5
2
3 !
6
4
0
1
1
2
2
*1977—First Quarter Only
-------
TA8UE.17. SULFATES (S04) yg/m3 FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1975, 1976, 1977*
CO
RAMS Stations
103
105
106
108
112
115
118
120
122
124
<5
3
8
8
2
10
3
17
19
24
12
5-10
92
99
103
90
117
118
106
105
118
91
10-15
66
64
54
72
53
53
61
36
47
44
15-20
26
29
23
36
25
21
22
19
25
16
20-25
15
15
14
12
14
8
7
9
9
4
25-30
9
6
5
8
4
4
3
5
3
3
30-35
2
1
3
3
4
2
2
0
2
1
35-40
0
1
1
2
1
2
0
0
1
1
>40
i
3
I
3
3
6
I
3
2
2 i
1
4
4
2
*1977--First Quarter Only
-------
TABLE 18. NITRATES (NO^) yg/mJ FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
1975, 1976, 1977*
CO
RAMS Stations <1
103
105
106
108
112
115
118
120
122
124
6
0
6
9
6
10
19
5
10
14
1-3
89
87
97
89
112
97
108
86
98
90
3-5
68
84
75
70
72
71
73
65
86
44
5-7
22
36
24
45
26
31
14
26
24
21
7-9
15
8
7
8
11
5
6
9
14
5
9-11
4
9
1
9
3
0
1
6
1
0
11-13
2
2
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
13-15
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
>15
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
*1977--First Quarter Only
-------
TABLE 19. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
00
RAMS Stations
103
105
106
108
112
115
118
120
122
Annual 24-hr. Max. 243.1 202.1 209.3 193.4
Date Occurred 24 September 15 October 28 January 27 February
124
Year-1975
Annual 24-hr.
Date Occurred
Max
6
• 208.3
October
193.9
9 May
209.5
3 July
163.3
3 July
288.6
8 July
138.7
3 July
203.5
6 June
124.9
19 July
228.0
26 June
351.0
3 June
Year-1976
483.5 195.9 197.1 144.5 144.8 165.2
17 July 25 August 18 April 15 October 15 October 15 October
Year-1977*
Annual 24-hr. Max. 153.0 172.2 194.3 189.6 161.0 118.7 92.7 123.4 107.4 54.2
Date Occurred 14 March 14 March 28 January 9 February 14 March 14 March 29 March 1 January 14 March 12 February
*1977—First Quarter Only
-------
TABLE 20. SULFATES (S04)
co
10
RAMS Stations
Year-1975
Annual 24-hr.
Date Occurred
Year- 1976
Annual 24-hr.
Date Occurred
Max.
29
Max.
3
103
32.8
October
27.3
September
105
40.7
29 July
35.7
19 August
106
57.5
3 July
50.4
25 August
108
47.7
3 July
28.5
8 June
112
50.3
8 July
50.4
25 August
115
44.6
3 July
46.9
25 August
118
48.9
3 July
31.2
9 March
120
28.6
19 July
28.4
1 1 June
122
73.4
26 June
46.3'
25 August
124
64.1
3 June
46.8
25 August
Year-1977*
Annual 24-hr. Max. 19.9 28.9 16.2 22.3 15.7 12.4 11.9 14.6 12.0 13.0
Date Occurred 4 January 4 January 4 January 9 February 4 January 9 February 14 February 4 January 4 January 4 January
*1977--First Quarter Only
-------
TABLE 21. NITRATES (NO^) yg/nf
RAMS Stations
103
105
106
108
112
115
118
120
122
124
Year-1975
Annual 24- hr.
Date Occurred
Year-1976
Annual 24- hr.
Date Occurred
Year-1977*
Annual 24- hr.
Date Occurred
Max
6
Max
8
Max
22
.10.6
October
• 10.0
December
. 7.5
January
13.7
15 April
9.7
6 April
9.0
22 January
10.3
16 March
11.1
28 January
8.3
22 January
9.3
3 March 26
8.8
8 December 14
9.2
18 February 22
11.3
November
8.6
November
9.0
January
6.8
23 December
8.5
6 April
7.8
22 January
8.9
23 December
10.8
6 February
7.3
22 January
10.5
15 April
9.4
6 February
8.0
22 January
8.9
9 April
8.6
14 November
7.6
18 February
8.6
16 April
9.0
14 November
6.8
22 January
t!977--First Quarter Only
-------
3.5 DATA ANALYSIS
High volume data collected during 1975, 1976 and the first quarter of
1977 display a considerable amount of variability for each parameter (TSPS
NO^, SO^) per station over time. This dispersion suggests that there may be
a seasonal effect for the parameters tested. Visual interpretation of the
histograms (Figures 7a - 9b) support this hypothesis; however, it became
necessary to see if the data differed significantly between quarters and
stations. Data from each station were broken down into four three month
intervals (Tables 22 - 30) and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tech-
nique was employed to test the credibility of this hypothesis.*
ANOVA
ANOVA is based upon the comparison of separate estimates of population
variances with each other. Each estimate is derived by observing the varia-
tion among values comprising actual samples and describing that variation
in terms of sum of squares deviations and dividing by the appropriate degrees
of freedom. When the null is true (HOry^ = y12 = y13. = y..) the
separate estimates should be nearly equal to each other (F ratio ^ 1), if
the estimates are of the same population. The F ratio describes, in its
simplest case, the estimate derived from variation among groups as a multiple
of the estimate derived from within group variation. For the null to be true
the F ratio, as stated above, must approximate unity, if not the relationship
becomes inconsistent with the existence of the null condition and the infer-
ence to reject the hypothesis that the difference among these groups is small
enough to be attributable solely to sampling error seems in order.
Each specific data table (22 - 30) is accompanied by its ANOVA result and
conclusion (F ratio, both degrees of freedom and the probability level asso-
ciated with the reported F). The criteria used for acceptance or rejection
is based upon the table F ratio (upper 5 percent points, F.95) value betng
greater than the calculated F ratio value. It should be emphasized that the
conclusion to reject the null is based upon our above discussion of the F
*Due to small sample size (N) of Quarter 1, 1975, these data were eliminated
from the ANOVA.
41
-------
ro
10 -
A - Second Quarter 1975J
B - Third Quarter 1975
C - Fourth Quarter 1975
D - First Quarter 1975
E - Second Quarter 1976
F - Third Quarter 1976
G - Fourth Quarter 1976
H - First Quarter 1977
103
105
106
STATIONS
108
112
FIGURE 7a. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) - BY QUARTER
-------
co
115
118
120
STATIONS
"SURE 7b. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) -
A - Second Quarter 19751
B - Third Quarter 1975 j
C - Fourth Quarter 1975
D - First Quarter 1976
E - Second Quarter 1976|
F - Third Quarter 1975 I
G - Fourth Quarter 19761
H - First Quarter 1977
BY QUARTER
-------
106
STATIONS
A - Second Quarter 1975
B - Third Quarter 1975
C - Fourth Quarter 1975
D - First Quarter 1976
E - Second Quarter 1976
F - Third Quarter 1976
6 - Fourth Quarter 1976
H - First Quarter 1977
FIGURE 8a. SULFATES (S0=) - BY QUARTER
-------
20
S16
C£
| 14
§12
£ 8
6
4
2
A - Second Quarter 1975
B - Third Quarter 1975
C - Fourth Quarter 1975
D - First Quarter 1976
E - Second Quarter 1976
F - Third Quarter 1976
G - Fourth Quarter 1976
H - First Quarter 1977
120
STATIONS
FIGURE 8b. SULFATES (S04) - BY QUARTER
-------
CD
O
103
105
106
STATIONS
108
A - Second Quarter 1975 '
B - Third Quarter 1975 .
C - Fourth Quarter 1975 ,
D - First Quarter 1976 '
E - Second Quarter 1976 !
F - Third Quarter 1976 '
G - Fourth Quarter 1976 '
H - First Quarter 1977 j
FIGURE 9a. NITRATES (NO^) - BY QUARTER
-------
or
LU
z:
o
CO
O
o;
cj
A - Second Quarter 1975
B - Third Quarter 1975
C - Fourth Quarter 1975:
D - First Quarter 1976 j
E - Second Quarter 1976i
F - Third Quarter 1976
G - Fourth Quarter 1976
H - First Quarter 1977
I
120
STATIONS
FIGURE 9b. NITRATES (NO^) - BY QUARTER
-------
TABLE 22.. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) pg/nT
1975 A MEAN
•**;
00"
RAMS Stations
First Quarter*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth JJuarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
103
N = 2
101.35
20.29
N = 16
102.63
32.84
N = 28
97.43
39.43
N = 28
93.06
36.83
105
N = 6
79.63
38.31
N = 22
94.55
34.71
N = 22
79.93
23.94
N = 29
83.63
28.71
106
N = 4
107.23
33.30
N = 18
79.90
26.79
N = 21 ;
81.21
40.50
N = 24
66.70
31.26
108
N = 7
63.77
21.18
N = 25
83.53
30.70
N = 26
88.92
36.84
N = 27
81.90
41.29
112
N = 6
60.48
18.94
N = 23
85.69
33.29
N = 27
104.90
60.91
N = 29
61.20
28.20
115
N = 4
45.73
17.54
N = 25
62.20
21.10
N = 26
65.24
29.57
N = 26
49.55
21.27
118
N = 2
30.40
12.59
N = 24
87.51
44.52
N = 25
67.20
29.09
N = 27
50.17
18.71
120
N = 4
62.00
37.59
N = 12
86.53
58.06
N = 16
80.14
31.11
N = 21
51.00
33.72
122
N
33
13
N
62
40
N
57
23
N
39
17
= 7
.31
.16
= 25
.42
.50
= 26
.80
.67
= 29
.53
.51
124
N = 6
36.52
14.95
N = 11
71.81
49.28
N = 14
55.86
33.85
N = 19
36.05
12.19
*March 1975 Only
ANOVA FOR STATIONS
Sources of Variation
Among:
Within:
Total :
F = 3.52, F Q, (9,
Zx2
5795.04
3766.55
9741 . 59
20) = 2.
df
9
20
29
39
Estimate
663.
188.
of a2
89
33
Sources
F = 4
ANOVA FOR
of Variation
Among :
Within:
Total :
.30, F Q,
SEASONS
Zx2
2352.18
7389.41
9741.59
(2,27) = 3.32
df
2
27
29
Estimate of a2
1176.09
273.68
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between stations
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
TABLE 23.
10
SULFATES (SO^)
1975 A MEAN
RAMS Stations
First Quarter*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
103
N = 2
21.55
8.13
N = 16
12.20
7.76
N = 28
14.13
6.62
N = 28
12.04
5.57
105
N = 6
9.98
4.03
N = 22
13.29
6.28
N = 22
14.69
7.69
N = 29
10.75
4.11
106
N = 4
16.85
11.84
N = 18
11.29
4.97
N = 21
18.76
11.23
N = 24
10.92
5.70
108
N = 7
11.94
4.34
N = 25
13.06
5.71
N = 26
18.57
10.42
N = 27
12.49
5.07
112 11
N =
9.
4.
N =
12.
8.
N =
17.
10.
N =
10.
5.
6 N =
73 11.
28 6.
23 N =
30 12.
31 6.
27 N =
33 16.
31 10.
29 N =
40 9.
28 3.
5
4 N
50
95
16 N
38
86
118
= 2
4.30
0.57
= 25
9.77
4.54
25 N = 25
18 13.53
74 8.88
26 N
82
17
= 28
9.86
3.40
120
N = 4
11.15
2.69
N = 12
14.43
14.25
N = 16
16.69
14.15
N = 21
9.46
3.71
122
N = 7
7.80
2.68
N = 25
13.72
14.56
N = 26
14.87
7.99
N = 29
8.58
3.29
124
N = 6
9.08
4.23
N = 11
11.04
9.24
N = 14
12.16
4.75
N = 19
9.64
2.97
*March 1975 Only
ANOVA FOR STATIONS
Sources of Variation
Among:
Within:
Total :
F = .438, F (9,
Zx2
35.57
180.68
216.26
20) = 2.
df
9
20
29
39;
Estimate of
3.95
9.03
a2
ANOVA FOR
Sources of Variation
F =
Among:
Within:
Total :
26.58, F
.95 <2
Ex
143.
72.
216.
,27) =
SEASONS
2 df
41 2
84 27
26 29
3.32
Estimate .of a2
71.71
2.69
Conclusion: there is NO significant difference
between stations
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
cn<
o;
TABLE 24. NITRATES (NO^) yg/nT
1975 A MEAN
RAMS Stations
First Quarter*
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
N
11
1
N
2
1
N
2
1
N
4
2
103
= 2
.15
.77
= 16
.62
.74
= 28
.72
.31
= 28
.50
.39
105
N = 6
5.70
3.93
. N = 22
4.47
3.23
N = 22|
3.03
1.21
N = 29
4.30
1.83
106
N = 4
8.18
5.06
N = 18
3.27
1.70
N = 21
2.83
1.52
N = 24
4.13
2.82
108
N = 7
6.00
5.26
N = 25
3.65
1.72
N = 26
3.45
2.13
M = 27
4.53
2.40
112
N = 6
5.12
3.23
N = 23
3.65
2.03
N = 27!
3.01
1.57
115
N = 4
3.98
2.72
! N = 16
2.85
1.29
; N = 25J
2.24
1.44
N = 29 N = 26
3.81 4.02
2.24 1.69
118
N = 2
1.20
0.14
N = 24
2.60
1.64
« = 251
2.07
1.14
N = 28
3.44
1.61
120
N = 4
5.20
1.99
N = 12:
5.36
2.95
N = 16!
3.13
2.43
N = 21
4.07
2.03
122
N = 7
3.71
2.94
N = 25
3.32
1.94
N = 26;
2.00
1.41
N = 29
3.82
1.98
124
N = 6
4.98
3.13
N = IT
2.79
1.91
N = 14s !
1.91
0.72
N = 19
3.63
1.53
*March 1975 Only,
ANOVA
FOR
Sources of Variation 3>
Among:
Within:
Total :
6.
13.
20.
STATIONS
:2 df
83 9
71 20
55 29
ANOVA FOR
Estimate
•
Of 02
76
69
Sources
of Variation £x
Among:
Within:
Total :
9.
10.
20.
SEASONS
2 df
70 2
85 27
55 29
Estimate of a2
4
.85
.40
F = 1.11, F g5 (9,20) = 2.39
Conclusion: there is no significant difference
between stations
F = 12.07, F g5 (2,27) = 3.32
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
en
TABLE 25. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/nT
1976 A MEAN
1
RAMS Stations
First Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth Quarter
A Mean-
A Std. Dev.
103
N = 27
90.55
28.55
N = 25
94.97
35.53
N = 30
123.71
59.50
N = 30
86.88
37.30
105
N = 28
81.01
32.25
N = 28
89.01
29.82
N = 31
102.62
36.15
N = 30
85.41
40.51
106
N = 30
70.11
33.60
N = 28
84.68
41.39
N = 30
87.83
27.83
N = 30
76.28
36.10
108
N = 28
72.53
36.74
N = 28
101.63
50.02
N = 30
115.59
79.94
N = 30
73.30
37.99
112
N =
61.
25.
N =
82.
33.
N =
110.
79.
N =
63.
30.
28
63
99
29
50
64
29
54
71
30
27
12
115
N = 25
40.69
14.07
N = 27
59.40
26.94
N = 31
73.93
31.67
N = 30
59.53
25.81
118
N = 26
52.81
21.50
N = 28
81.55
35.62
N = 30
77.42
26.06
N = 29
57.07
38.87
120
N = 29
44.16
16.46
N = 28
56.05
18.28
N = 28
61.41
24.65
N = 28
51.54
27.01
122
N = 28
41.11
14.11
N = 28
67.47
26.35
N = 30
68.28
27.05
N = 29
49.14
26.65
124
N = 27
41.57
17.90
N = 24
68.48
29.17
N = 31
64.49
36.82
N = 28
44.23
28.90
ANOVA FOR STATIONS
Sources of Variation Zx2
Among:
Within:
Total :
10382.41
6682.97
17065.38
df
9
30
39
Estimate
1153
222
of a2
.60
.77
Sources
ANOVA FOR
of Variation
Among:
Within:
Total :
SEASONS
Zx2 df
5223.66 3
11841.72 36
17065.38 39
Estimate of a2 i
1741.22
328.94
F = 5.29, F g5 (3,36) = 2.84
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between stations
F = 5.18, F g5 (9,30) = 2.21
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
TABLE 26.. SULFATES (S04)
1976 A MEAN
ro
RAMS Stations
First Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
103
N = 27
10.23
3.48
N = 25
13.71
6.78
N = 30
19.40
12.84
N = 30
9.63
4.04
105
N = 28
9.79
3.02
N = 28
13.76
7.56
N = 31
17.72
10.54
N = 30
8.78
4.52
106
N = 30
10.20
7.06
N = 28
13.05
7.41
N = 30
15.62
9.37
N = 30
8.79
4.29
108
N =
10.
3.
N =
14.
10.
N =
19.
16.
N =
9.
4.
28
79
65
28
42
56
30
96
78
30
29
36
112
N = 28
8.95
2.77
N = 29
12.57
6.36
N = 29
17.56
11.65
N = 30
7.74
3.92
115
N = 25
8.98
2.22
N = 27
11.17
6.10
N = 31
14.75
7.96
N = 30
8.59
3.54
118
N = 26
9.57
2.87
N = 28
11.35
6.75
N = 30
16.53
11.44
N = 30
9.13
4.48
120
N = 29
7.98
2.49
N = 28
11.82
6.70
N = 28
14.38
10.75
N = 28
6.95
2.49
122
N = 28
9.21
3.55
N = 28
12.00
6.32
N = 31
15.60
12.34
N = 29
7.60
3.65
124
N = 27
7.96
2.13
N = 24
10.28
6.74
N = 31
14.59
8.42
N = 28
7.97
3.54
ANOVA FOR
Sources of Variation Ix
Among:
Within:
Total :
F = .379, F Q
48.
424.
472.
c (9,30) =
STATIONS
2 4f
22 9
14 30
36 39
2.21
ANOVA FOR
Estimate
5.
14.
of
36
14
a2
SEASONS
Sources of Variation Ex2 df
F =
Among:
Within:
Total :
74.13, F 0
406
65
472
c (3,36)
.56 3
.80 36
.36 39
= 2.84
Estimate of 02
135
1
.52
.83
Conclusion: there is no significant difference
between stations
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
in
oo
TABLE 27. NITRATES (N0~) yg/irf
1976 A MEAN
RAMS Stations
First Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Second Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Third Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
Fourth Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
103
N = 27
3.75
1.55
N = 25:
3.84
2.14
N = 30
4 .19
2.26
N = 30
3.93
2.19
105
N = 28
4.24
1.73
N = 28
3.77
1.99
N = 31
4.15
2.30
N = 30
4.01
2.38
106
N = 30
3.74
2.18
N = 28
3.55
2.70
N = 30
3.28
1.38
N = 30
3.44
2.07
108
N = 28
3.85
1.75
N = 28
3.41
2.19
N = 30
4.16
2.78
N = 30
3.40
1.92
N
3
1
N
3
1
N
3
1
N
3
2
112 1
= 28 N
.86 4
.76 1
= 29 N
.36 3
.58 1
= 29 N
.14 2
.58 1
= 30 N
.42 3
.04 1
15
= 25
.07
.50
= 27
.06
.58
= 31
.87
.67
= 30
.46
.75
118
N = 26
3.68
1.89
N = 28:
2.43
1.67
N = 30
2.63
1.44
N = 30
3.36
2.00
120
N = 29
3.49
1.93
N ,= 28
3.01
1.53
N = 28
2.92
1.44
N = 28
3.42
2.07
122
N = 28
4.23
1.91
N = 28
3.00
1.13
N = 31
3.01
1.80
N = 30
3.75
1.87
124
N = 27
3.26
1.47
N = 24
2.02
1.13
N = 31
2.47
1.61
N = 28
3.62
1.91
ANOVA FOR
Source of Variation Zx2
Among:
Within:
Total :
F = 2.88, F
5.05
5.85
10.90
95 (9,30) =
STATIONS
df Estimates
9
30
39
2.21
.56
.19
of 02
ANOVA FOR
Source of Variation Zx2
F
Among:
Within
Total :
= 4.01,
•
F.95
2.73
8.17
10.90
(3,36) =
SEASONS
df
3
36
39
2.84
Estimates
.91
.23
of a2
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between stations
Conclusion: there is a significant difference
between seasons
-------
TABLE 28. TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (TSP) yg/m3
1977 A MEAN
RAMS Stations
First Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
103 105 106 108 112 115 118 120 122 124
N = 29 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 29 N = 30 N = 30 N = 14
71.4 81.7 69.2 71.3 56.7 44.8 43.0 49.9 38.2 34.3
33.4 33.5 36.6 50.5 28.9 24.1 14.2 26.5 22.0 9.5
TABLE 29. SULFATES (SO^) yg/m3
1977 A MEAN
en
RAMS Stations
First Quarter
A Mean
A Std. Dev.
RAMS Stations 103 105 106 108 112 115 118 120 122 124
First Quarter N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 29 N = 30 N = 30 N = 14
A Mean 10.1 9.7 8.3 10.2 7.9 8.5 8.2 7.4 8.0 8.3
A Std. Dev. . 3.8 4.8 2.8 3.9 2.6 3.4 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.4
TABLE 30. NITRATES (NO^) yg/m3
1977 A MEAN
103 105 106 108 112 115 118 120 122 124
N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 30 N = 29 N = 30 N = 30 N = 14
3.8 4.3 3.6 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9
1.8 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0
-------
ratio and states that there does exist a difference between sample means,
however, it does not attempt to identify which sample or how many samples
display this difference. This identification would require further investi-
gation.
PAIRED COMPARISON T-TEST
The paired comparison t-test is used to test the null hypothesis
H0:y.|=y2. This hypothesis specifies that there is no difference in the
mean treatment effect within pairs of observations, )(more specifically it
hypothesizes that the mean difference between pairsIjis zero (y, - u« = 0)
at some specified critical value of t.
Essentially this test involved pairing average values of all high volume
stations per quarter per year with the average values of all high volume sta-
tions for like quarter of a different year, for example, quarter one of 1976
was paired with quarter one of 1977. All tests were performed under identical
*
statistical constraints, i.e., a = .05, t-critical for a two-tailed test was
+_2.2B and the null hypothesis (HO) was that like quarters of two successive
years were equal; Quarter X = Quarter X,, with alternate hypothesis being
Quarter X < Quarter X-j, or Quarter X > Quarter X-j. The decision to accept
the null or one of the two alternate hypothesis was based on the calculated
t value, i.e., the null was rejected if t < -2.26 or t > 2.26. Results of
this test can be found in Table 31 of this report. (Again, Quarter 1 of
1975 did not offer enough samples to be considered in this test.)
3.6 STATION GROUPING
In Figures 7a through 9b, the histograms of the quarters seem to indicate
that the stations could be grouped according to their geographical locations
and with this in mind three categories were chosen: (1) Industrial, (2)
Residential and (3) Rural. Stations 103, 105 and 108 were placed in the
Industrial group; 106, 112 and 120 in the Residential; 115, 118, 122 and 124
in the Rural group. Although the stations were grouped under three categories,
the actual location of any one station could be and in actuality was geographi-
cally distant from others in the same group.
55
-------
TABLE 31. PAIRED COMPARISON t-TEST RESULTS
tn
Parameter
TSP
TSP
TSP
TSP
so"
so"
so"
so"
NOa
NOa
NOa
NOl
1975
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
1976 1977
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Quarter 1 Quarter 1
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Quarter 1 Quarter 1
Quarter 2
Quarter 3
Quarter 4
Quarter 1 Quarter 1
Calculated t
.80
-2.58
-1.59
1.55
-0.13
-1.09 _
7.78
3.30
1.11
-4.22
4.03
-0.88
Decision
Accept Null*
_75
Reject Null, Accept Qa
Accept Null
Accept Null
Accept Null
Accept Null
_75
Reject Null, Accept Q*
_76
Reject Null, Accept Qi
Accept Null
_75
Reject Null, Accept Qa
_75
Reject Null, Accept Q<«
Accept Null
76
Q«f
77
> Qi
76
< Qa
_76
*In all cases the Null hypothesis was testing for equality between quarters at the .05 level of
significance.
-------
The years were divided into quarters to coincide with the seasons of the
year, e.g., Winter (January, February, March); Spring (April, May, June);
Sunnier (July, August, September); and Fall (October, November, December).
Plots depicting the station groups and parameters are presented in Figures
10 - 18. For each group the trends tend to be in the same directions al-
though the magnitudes could be and were different.
57
-------
(O
(U
0)
2
U
•I—
-O
O
CO
2
U
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
® Site # 103
D Site # 105
A Site # 108
TSP (industrial)
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Su
W
Sp Su
1975
1976
1977
FIGURE 10
58
-------
3.
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
TSP (Residential)
© Site # 106
A Site # 112
D Site # 120
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Sp Su F W
V A
Sp Su F W
«, l
1975
1976
1977
FIGURE 11
59
-------
130
120
no
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
® Site # 115
A Site # 118
— Site # 122
D Site # 124
TSP (Rural)
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Sp Su
W Sp
Su
1975
1976
W
1977
FIGURE 12
60
-------
S04 (industrial)
20
18
-£• 16
(O
03
•si
S 14
i.
u
•r-
-O
I
O)
o
o
12
10
8
6
4
2
® Site # 103
A Site # 105
a Site # 108
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
U - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Sp Su F W Sp Su
V /V
1975
1976
1977
FIGURE 13
61
-------
S0= (Residential)
® Site # 106
A Site # 112
D Site # 120
en
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Sp Su
1975
W
Sp Su
W
1976
1977
FIGURE 14
62"
-------
© Site # 115
A Site # 118
n Site # 122
— Site # 124
SO; (Rural)
O)
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Sp Su F W Sp Su F
y .11
1975
1976
W
—v»-
1977
FIGURE 15
63"
-------
(industrial)
-------
(Residential)
© Site * 106
A Site # 112
D Site # 120
c
to
0)
J-
OJ
•»->
Q)
U
o
en
I
o>
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
Su
W
Sp Su
1975
1976
65
-------
® Site #115
A Site # 118
a Site # 122
Site # 124
(Rural)
Sp - Spring (Apr., May, June)
Su - Summer (July, Aug., Sept.)
F - Fall (Oct., Nov., Dec.)
W - Winter (Jan., Feb., Mar.)
,3p _ Su
1975
M Sp Su
FuW
1976
1977
FIGURE 18
66
-------
4.0 CONCLUSIONS
For all high volume stations during the year 1975, the quarterly
arithmetic means showed that: there was a significant difference between
stations and also between quarters for TSP; no significant difference between
stations for SO^ but a significant difference between quarters; no signifi-
cant difference between stations but a significant difference between
quarters for NOg. In 1976: there again was a significant difference between
stations and quarters for TSP; again no significant difference between sta-
tions but there was a significant difference between seasons for SOI, there
was a significant difference between stations and quarters for NOg.
The .station grouping appears to indicate that levels of TSP and NOZ are
more influenced by local sources while SOT is an area-wide occurrence pro-
ducing the same trends in all quarters. The highest levels of S07 for the
sampling period occurred during the summer quarters and the lowest levels
during the fall and winter quarters.
67
-------
REFERENCES
1. Senter, R. J. Analysis of Data. Scott, Foresman and Company, Glenview,
Illinois. 1969. pp 241-281.
2. Dixon, W. J. and F. J. Massey, Jr. Introduction to Statistical Analysis.
McGraw-Hill Book Company, USA. 1969. pp 119-123.
3. Federal Register. Vol. 36, No. 84, April 30, 1971. Appendix B.
68
-------
APPENDIX A
HIGH VOLUME AIR SAMPLER - AS USED IN THE RAMS NETWORK
69
-------
FIGURES
Number Page
A-l Installation Diagram j-\
70
-------
HIGH VOLUME AIR SAMPLER - AS USED IN THE RAMS NETWORK
The high volume air sampler is an instrument used to capture suspended
particulate matter on a filter by passing relatively large volumes of air
(1.5 to 2.0 cubic meters per minute). The sampler consists essentially of
a motor driven blower and a supporting screen for the filter, upstream from
the blower unit. The sampler was supported in a protective aluminum housing
so that the 20.3 by 25.4 cm surface of the filter was in a horizontal position.
The shelter was fabricated from 2.03 mm aluminum sheet metal with 3.17 mm
aluminum angle braces and legs.
The Sierra 305 high volume samplers used in the high volume filter
measurements of suspended particulate matter network of the Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS) were equipped with the Sierra 310B solid state constant
flow controllers. The model 310B had a range of 0.425 to 1.56 standard cubic
2
meters-per-minute (m /min STP) and a 0 to 5 vdc output voltage proportional
o
to flow rate (m /min STP). The constant flow controller used a constant
temperature anemometer which was mounted in the throat of the filter holder
to control the flow rate through the sampler at a constant value measured in
o
units of m /min (STP), independent of line voltage variation, ambient pressure,
ambient temperature and filter loading. The flow rate was adjusted with an
adjustable resistor mounted within the electronics package. The output
voltage from the controller was fed into the Regional Air Monitoring System
(RAMS) Station Data Acquisition System (DAS). The use of Model 310B simpli-
fied calibration and operational procedures because calibration was not re-
quired when motor brushes or the motor/blower assembly was replaced. Figure
A-l depicts the installation diagram of the high volume sampler as used in
the RAMS network. The use of the constant flow controller made the sampler
rather unique and it met or exceeded specifications set forth in the Federal
Register (3) regarding accuracy and the requirement that all measurements be
referenced to standard conditions.
71
-------
Sample
Air Flow
Flow
Probe
Blower
Motor
a.c.
Solid State
Relay
High Volume
Air Sampler
Sample'
Air Flow
Filter
Paper
Cartridge
Model 31 OB
Constant Flow
Controller
Fl ow _
Adjustment"
VTo Computer Command
FIGURE A-l. INSTALLATION DIAGRAM
72
-------
CALIBRATION METHOD FOR MODEL 330 TOP-LOADING
ORIFICE CALIBRATOR
The recommended method of calibrating a system equipped with the 310
constant flow controller was to use the Model 330 Top-Loading High Volume
Orifice Calibrator. The Model 330 easily attached to the top of the filter
holder and thereby eliminated the need to disconnect the motor/blower from
the sampler in order to perform the calibration.
Each Model 330 calibrator was factory calibrated. A U-tube water mano-
meter was used to measure the pressure drop across the orifice plate. A
calibration curve and formulas were provided to correct for ambient tempera-
ture and pressure conditions. Corrections for ambient temperatures and
barometric pressure had to be made to reference the calibration flow rate to
standard conditions as required in the EPA high volume sampler method.
The procedure used to calibrate the high volume sampler equipped with
the Model 310 constant flow controller and the Model 330 Top-Loading Orifice
Calibrator was as follows:
A clean standard filter was placed on the filter holder and the Model
330 was mounted on top of the filter and the holder tightly pulled down
with the wing nuts. A hose was connected between the pressure tap on the
calibrator and a center zero water manometer. The sampler was allowed to
run approximately five minutes for stabilization. The feedback section of
the constant flow controller was disconnected and a manually operated motor
controller was connected to the motor. By varying the speed of the sampler
motor ten points were obtained. The value of AP was obtained by reading the
water manometer and the output voltage from the flow controller by reading
the voltage from the station Data Acquisition System (DAS). The DAS provided
two means by which voltage readings were made: digital voltmeter, teletype
writer printout from the computer of half-second readings and one minute
averages, the latter was preferred. Barometric pressure and temperature
73
-------
readings were taken at each point. The data thus obtained were fitted to
o
a parobolic cure to yield the general equation y = aQ+a,x+a2x . This
equation was entered into the central computing system to indicate the
average hourly sample air flow in cfm and with subsequent conversions to
3
m for the total volume of air drawn through each filter.
74
-------
CORRECTION METHOD FOR MODEL 330 TOP-LOADING
ORIFICE CALIBRATOR*
This procedure was used to convert the data obtained from the Model 330
Calibrator to standard conditions, as required by the EPA:
Qs =V(Pa/Ps) x Ts/Ta) x QimJ> = ^(Pa/la) x 3.156 x
where Q = Flow rate in SCFM, corrected for local barometric pressure and
ambient temperature.
Q. . = Flow rate obtained from factory calibration curve corresponding
to measured orifice pressure drop.
Pa = Barometric pressure, 29.92 in. Hg.
Ta = Ambient temperature in absolute units, degrees Kelvin t°K).
Ts = Standard temperature in absolute units, 25°C = 298°K.
°K = Degrees Centigrade (°C) = 273.
*From Sierra Instruments Manual
75
-------
APPENDIX B
PARTICULATE DATA SUMMARY
76
-------
RAHS/RAP3 PARTICIPATE SUMHARYI
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE8 CTSP)
B1.JAN-75 THROUGH ji-DEC-75
DATE \ SITE
3/ 6/75
3/13/75
1/16/75
3/19/75
3/22/75
3/25/75
3/26/75
3/31/75
4/ 3/75
4/ 6/75
4/ 9/75
4/12/75
4/15/75
4/16/7S
4/21/75
4/24/75
4/27/75
4/30/75
S/ 3/75
5/ 9/75
5/12/75
5/15/75
5/18/75
5/21/75
5/24/75
5/27/75
5/30/75
6/ 2/75
6/ 5/75
6/ 6/75
6/11/75
6/14/75
6/17/75
6/20/75
6/23/75
6/26/75
6/29/75
7/ 3/75
7/ 5/75
7/ 6/75
7/11/75
7/14/75
7/17/75
103
67.0
115.7 *
69.4
90.2
101.0
111.6
100.0
167.1 *
141.2
66.1
92.0
102.0
86.5
69.5
106.0
109.5
59.1
166.9
156.0
103.4
103.2
93.6
181.9 *
105
150. 1
88.1
83.0
47.9
52.6
56.1
60.4 *
64.3
135.7
66.9
115.6
117.9
89.7
65.7 *
76.0
80.6
195.9
159.6 *
95.1
112.6
84.7
99.0
65.2
89.?
67.9 *
62.3
50.1
109.7
69.8
106
94.8
109.3*
72.3
152.5*
58.3*
50.9
75.2
160.6*
65.7
75.8
118.4
64.9
74,9
76.2
68.8
76.8*
76.3*
103.8
64.9*
69.4
43,6*
96.1
209.5
92.3
71.0
108
46.5
66.6
74.7
99.8 *
44.8
40.9
72.9
23.3
35.4
91.5
57.3
145.3 *
63.2
62.1
80.6
61.0
55.6
119.8
71,0
96,9
125.2*
69.8
76,6
65.4
72.1
61.8
102.4
54.8
116.0
95.2
110.9
135.0
163.3
77,7
66,9
67.0
114.5
112
63.5
72.9
74.6
36.2
46.9
46.6
32.7 *
105.5
140.0
61.3
104.1
71.9
113.0
67.7
96.5
52.0
161.5
72.6
94,1
69.7
52.2
56.4
113.5
105.0 *
70.6
44.7
74.8
79.9 *
126.9
145.7
266.6
221.2
58.7
131.3 *
115
52.9 *
64.9 *
41.4
23.7
29.7
53.0
61.3
36.1
96.0
130.2 *
81.1
49,4
69.3
53.7
72.4
34.5
60.9
50.6
65.1
61.9
138.7
127.5 *
54.7
48.4
50.3
116
39.5
21.5
47.8
54.0
104,1
66.0
155.2
74.6
142.1
38.3
168.4
58,6
80.2
52.3
93.5
62.2
65.6
79.4*
203.5
59.2
145.1
34.6
59.0*
100.8
64.1
51.6
169.4
65.2
64.5
63.9*
78.3*
120
28.4 *
114.9
60,3
44,4
31.6
102.1
87.1
66.0
77.3
79,5
55.4
54.2*
91.2 *
52.4
79.6*
260,0 *
151.9*
65,4*
46,6
122
21.0
46.7
40,3
S2.7
19,6
27,1
25.
16,
36.
61,
35,
47.
48,
66,
75,7
63.6*
62.0
67,7
37,7
62.0
45.7
56.4
49.6
27.3
39.6
46.9
63.2
30.6
70.1 *
113,2*
228.0
67.2
116.6
64,1
45,3
86,2*
74.4
124
56.1
44.6
4i.7
11.4
n!«
21.3
31,1
ST.*
62.0*
91.9
53. 7 *
61.9
115.1
32.7
47.3
.
194.4
351.0*
135.0
57.2
56.4
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
TOTAL SUSPENDED RARTICULATES (T8P)
01-JAN-75 THROUGH 31-DCC-75
-vl
00
DATE V SITE
7/20/75
7/23/75
7/26/75
7/29/75
8/ 1/75
8/ 4/75
8/ 7/75
8/10/75
8/13/75
8/16/75
8/19/75
8/22/75
8/25/75
8/28/75
8/31/75
9/ 3/75
9/ 6/75
9/ 9/75
9/12/75
9/15/75
9/18/75
9/21/75
9/24/75
9/27/75
18/ 3/75
IB/ 6/75
10/10/75
18/12/75
IB/15/75
10/16/75
IB/21/75
1B/24V75
10/2T/75
10/30/75
ll/ 2/75
ll/ 5/75
ll/ 8/75
11/11/75
11/11/75
11/17/75
11/20/75
11/23/75
11/26/75
1CJ
61.* *
106.5
9?, 6
16P. 4
38.1
li)6.2
114.6
131.5
81.8
73.6
69.2
79.6
190.7*
54.0
53.6
81. 3
6R.8
80. «
1H0.2 *
79. P
40. 3
85.0
138.2
132.5
208.3
116. a
8A.2
79.2
121.5
65.9*
90.0
08.7
113.8
45.6
59.5
99.6
105.5
128.5
37.6
109.6
105.1
1<"5
70.5 *
94.2
144. J
61.9*
108.1*
66.?
80.7
7S.9
BR.6
72.7
91.7
52.3
63.1
66.3
107.8
81.2*
85.4
64.4
22.9
93.0
94.6
127.9
12«.7
150.7
81.5
68.6
101.5
54.7
104.1
63.6
70. P
67.9
89.0
79.7
80.0 *
78.0 *
101.2
65.2
71.1
106
96.8 *
98.0
120.?
44.6 *
74.0
73.5
76,4
91.3
82.4
58.9
91.9
60.0
39.8
93,6
9,4
.
69,8
3fl, 1
122,0 *
117,9
55.1
110.1
95.1
57.5
58.1
69.7
72.9
63.2*
67.4 *
25.5
47.7
43.1
108
65.9 *
100.0
147.2 *
101.5
35,5
57.0
67, PI
137,8
91.1
89.?
95.3
126.9
124.8
59.0
124.8
46.9
102.4
114.9
33.4*
60.1
19.8
158.0
150.2
160.7
94,6
68.1
51,3
117.5
97.4
107.6
104.6
62.1
67,8
106.2
99.8
35.8
86.2
15.7
112
72.4
184.5
201.0
49.1 *
76,6 *
96,7 *
164.3
97,8
85.5
76,7
65,9
72.5*
«1.3
84,2
105,7
108.2
67,4 *
67.4
96,3
20,3
52,4
80,7
67,1
88,7*
155,4
63.5
44,6
97.6
107.0
69,1
64.8
5U.S
70.0
67.4
59,6*
64.7*
71.9
22.1
42.8
49.7
115
lk!8,5
112,4
28.2
49.2*
42.2
72.2
62.2
57.9
79.7*
79.7
57.9*
37.7
86.5
35.3
58.6
59.4*
55.5
28.2
41.7
58.3
68.9
101.1
64.8
71.2
49.9
42.9
64.9
64.9
52,3*
29.1
39.3
58,1
67.3
16.8
53.3
3«,5
118
89,7 »
101,1
56.1
86,2
84,4
76,2 *
76.3 *
34.9
63.8
33.7
50.9
39.5
64.3
15.1
58.9
59.0
39.2
24.5
80.7
5«.l
48.6
60.6
70.7
59.2
57.3
79.2*
62.0
96.0
52.9*
43,0
48.4
28.5
48.4
42.8
20.6
38.2
32.7
120
46.4 *
94.0 *
118.8 *
118,8 *
71.7
124,9
76,4
48.1
85.5
46,6 *
76.4
46,9 »
86.8 *
69.8
18.8 *
93,6
67.5 *
1 57 . 1
33.0
16.1 *
36.2
39.0 *
75.6 *
13.1
36.1
122
11.6
42.9
63.2
97,1
32.2
66.8
60.0
57.9
28.6
66.0 *
79.2
56,1
62,0
22,0
56.1
21.9
62.1
36. 3
26.1
30.9
60.9
10.0
49.1
74.1
49,7
27.3
44.8
55.9
51.4 *•
54.9
19,9
47.8
25.1
49,9
31.5 *
46.0
57.0 *
H.l
17.1 *
18.2
121
76.3 *
106.6
37.2
18,7
50,2 *
61.6*
36.7
35,4
70,6*
33,6
56,4
60.5
62. 5
31,5
*«4.4
29.1*
,31.3
40.9
29,9
31.3 :
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
10
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMM4RYI
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATES (TSP)
01-JAN.75 THROUGH 31-DEC-75
DATE \ SITE
11/29/75
12/ 2/75
12/ 5/75
12/ 8/75
12/11/75
12/14/75
12/17/75
f2/20/75
12/23/75
12/26/75
12/29/75
103
91.7
124.1
11?. 2
79. P
65.5
OB, 7
54.6
130.1
5?, 7
91,4
105
42.4
104. a
109.0
86.8
95.6
42.5
56.7
44.6 *
140.0
46.0
72.2
106
32.3
64.5
64.5
162.5 »
65.9
36.3
44.2
41.6
91.6
41.8
52.3
136
71.2
143.4 *
8?. 6
67,9
44,0
31.2
26.9
70.2
25.9
44.3
112
29,4
79.8
60.5
4S.?
69.2
3^.9
27.0
21.0
70.8
30.9
46.9
115
34.3
61.3
27.9
43.6
41,9
25.1
26.0
31.8
47.4
29.4
lie
42.9
44.3
34.2
47.8
. 46,4
29.7
30.1
43.7
95.2
49.2
2.8
120
27.7
33,6
55,6
65,0
17,6
29,8
20,4 *
101.5
25.9
122
33.6
35.4
78.7 *
29.2
25.0
50,1
20.4
23,5 .
52.4
20.4
I
i
124 ;
37,8 *
27.6
31.3
29.2 .
24.5 1
17,8
44,9 *'
»21.9
52.1
32.9
STATISTICS
105
108
112
115
lie
120
122
124 !
• DBS '
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SDEV
CEO MEAN
CEO SOEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION!
. < 25.
25." 50.
SB,- 75.
75, -100,
100. -125.
125, -150.
150. -175.
175. -200.
>200.
74
97.0
36.3
90.5
1.46
208.3
10/ 6/75
0
6
15
19
21
6
U
2
1
79
85.3
30.1
80.4
1.42
193.9
5/ 9/75
1
5
27
26
12
4
3
1
0
67
77.2
34.3
69.9
1.61
209.5
7/ 3/75
1
12
25
18
7
0
3
0
1
85
63.0
35.6
74.5
1.65
163.3
7/ 3/75
3
13
24
19
15
7
0
0
0
65
81.7
45.4
71.7
1.67
288.6
7/ 8/75
3
16
31-
16
8
U
3
1
3
71
57.7
25.0
52.7
1.54
138.7
7/ 3/75
2
27
28
8
4
2
0
0
0
79
65.6
35,7
57.2
1.79
203.5
6/ 8/75
n
26
24
16
3
2
3
Pi
1
54
69.6
42.0
59.7
1.75
269.0
6/26/75
3
19
10
13
6
0
2
0
1
87
51.1
29.2
44,7
1,69
228.0
6/26/75
12
36
28
8
2
0
0
0
1
51
56.4
53.0
45.4
1,81
351.0
7/ J/75
6
24
13
3
2
1
0
1
1
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARYI
SULFATES
01-JAN-75 THROUGH 31-OEC-T5
DATE \ SITE
3/ 8/75
3/13/75
3/16/75
3/19/75
3/22/75
3/25/75
3/28/75
3/31/75
O/ 3/75
O/ 6/75
a/ 9/75
a/12/75
0/15/75
a/18/75
0/21/75
0/20/75
0/27/75
0/30/75
5/ 3/75
5/ 9/75
5/12/75
5/15/75
5/18/75
5/21/75
5/20/75
5/27/75
5/30/75
6/ 2/75
6/ 5/75
6/ 8/75
6/11/75
6/10/75
6/17/75
6/20/75
6/23/75
6/26/75
6/29/75
7/ 3/75
7/ 5/75
7/ 8/75
7/11/75
7/14/75
7/17/75
103
15.8
27.3*
10.0
15.1
9.8
25.0
6.0
20.5*
8.3
7.7
5.1
13.5
7.0
5.0
8.2
11.1
10.0
32.8
20.5
7.7
7.7
7.1
21.3 *
105
16.0
If. 4
11.5
5.2
11. t
5.7
6.S *
If. 3
19.2
7.3
22.6
11.3
8.9
18.3 *
17.5
8.9
26.9
2«.a *
7.3
io, a
13,1
11,3
8.5
13.7
19.0 »
5,6
0,7
12.3
7.0
106
10.7
15.2 *
0.5
33.0 *
8.0 *
7.8
5.7
20.7 *
16.9
7.4
22.7
11.7
6.4
7.7
12.1
10.9*
8.7*
9,7
15,2*
6.3
9,«,»
H.3
57,5
8,5
8.6
108
11.8
15.1
11.5
19.1 »
5.2
11.3
9.6
5.6
6.4
13.6
6.8
23.6 *
12.3
18,4
12.1
22.0
16.6
13.6
7.5
13.8
13.9*
11.6
7.4
6.5
7.9
10.1
9.0
7.5
15.0
15.5
19.5
26.2
07.7
8.9
8.6
10.9
17.9
112
15.1
l«.o
10.8
0.6
12.8
0.7
7.8 *
8.2
16.9
6.9
8.3
11.9
17.5
7.8
21.1
11.6
10.7
5.8
10.7
5.8
7.7
6.0
8.0
28.0 *
8.5
5.0
9.1
18.2*
39.8
19.9
50.3
5.7
7.8
20.9 *
115
12.5 *
20.9 »
7.2
5.0
6.8
9.0
9.5
9.6
15.7
10.2 *
12.0
8.6
8.3
15.9
6.9
8.5
11.0
11.0
30.7
19.1
00.6
35.8 *
8.1
7.8
9.2
118
0.7
3.9
0.6
5.1
10.5
6.5
17.0
7.0
6,1
7,7
13.8
0.8
10,6
12,1
8,8
12.0
5.5
1«.8 *
8.0
10.7
0.0
0.6
12.8 *
7.3
15,6
20.2
08.9
21.0
7.5
6,9 »
18.9 »
120
8.8 »
10.8
9,5
11.5
5.3
15,6
19, .6
7,9
9.0
6.3
6.0
13,1 *
10.9 *
6,3
16.0 *
57,2 *
09,3 *
7.9 *
5.0
122
6.6
12. a
,3
.a
.9
,8
.2
,0
,a
12.8
5,5
13,0
9.8
9.7
18,2
13,5*
9.9
20,7
9,6
8.2 r.
>v
&s
7,5
0.3
0.9
6.3
8.3
6.3
6.5
15.6*
33.9*
73.0
29.7
00,0
16.1
5.9
19.5*
19.8
- 124 j
15.7
11.5
IB. 1
5.3
T.S ;
a. a !
5.2
6.0
11.1 |
i
12.1-*
6.9 |
3.1 »
]
18,7
I
8.1
11.0
3.8
35,4
64,1 »
17,5
6.3
5,5
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICULAR SUMHARYI
SULF4TES
JAN-75 THROUGH Jl-OCC-TS
00,
DATE \ SITE
7/20/75
7/23/75
7/26/75
7/29/75
6/ i/75
8/ 4/75
8/ 7/75
8/10/75
8/13/75
•/16/75
8/19/75
8/22/75
8/25/75
8/28/75
8/31/75
9/ 5/75
9/ 6/75
9/ 9/75
9/12/75
9/15/75
9/18/75
9/21/75
9/21/75
9/27/75
10/ 3/75
10/ 6/75
10/10/75
10/12/75
10/15/75
10/18/75
19/21/75
10/24/75
18/27/75
10/30/75
ll/ 2/75
ll/ 5/75
ll/ 8/75
11/11/75
11/14/75
11/17/75
11/2B/75
11/23/75
11/26/75
103
T.I »
14.0
13.7
32.2
T.3
17.6
7.8
2?. 7
11.1
21. T
9.9
17.4
27. 5 »
12.5
14.6
17.9
9.6
1«.2
9.6»
12.2
6.0
11.2
15.5
15.0
26.8
11.6
1*.7
6.7
11.2
5.7*
9.6
6.7
29.5
a.e
9.8
11.5
8.6
11.9
5.6
12.7
14.0
105
10. 9»
15.9
43.7
14.5*
16. 5»
18.2
24.6
10.2
20.4
10.4
17.0
15.9
12.1
9.7
21.8
8.5 »
15.
15.
5.
7.
12.
15.0
15.8
9.2
11.2
5.7
7.7
6.2
*.9
6.8
8.9
IB. 9
H.7
11.4
6.1 *
7.2 *
7.6
9.7
19.0
106
16.0*
23.9
35.0
11.3*
14.8
11.2
21.4
16. 4
23.8
10.0
25.1
15.7
15.1
22.5
19.7
14.8
4.7
20.2*
13.6
6.8
8.7
11.2
8.5
13.5
12.0
9.9
8.4 »
7.3*
5.3
7.2
11.9
i«8
9.2 *
15.3
28.4 *
33.4
8.4
14.6
IP. 9
31.6
14.4
25.0
13.5
28.5
21.0
20,7
51.5
6.9
18.5
27.0
5.5*
8.5
16.7
17.8
18.6
10.1
14.6
7.2
6.9
9.4
15.0
16.2
18.8
9.2
11.6
IS. 9
10.6
6.9
11.5
2.3
112
15.4
34.
33.
9. *
20. »
16. »
21.
10.1
25.5
21.4
7.5
19.6 *
15.1
19.8
17.8
9.5
11.5 *
11.1
19.8
3.3
6.3
11.0
9.7
16.3 *
9.2
4.7
6.5
5.9
10.6
10.0
9.0
12.2
11.5
10.4
6.7 *
27.2 *
7.9
5.1
6,fl
26.1
115
31.0
35.7
7.7
13. »
8.
18.
12.
19.
16. *
22.
9. »
16.4
25.5
6.3
13.1
8.4 »
12.2
5.5
5.2
11.1
10.8
19.4
7.8
11.9
6.9
6.2
8.0
8.6
11.4 *
5.8
5.5
9.7
10.1
5.3
9.5
12.2
116
10.4 »
15.2
6.9
20.1
7.3
18.1 »
11.5 »
6.8
18.5
4.8
14.3
14.7
18.2
9.4
15.9
11.9
12.2
5.0
8.0
9.5
7.9
12.8
9.1
11.1
6.5
17.5 *
8.5
10.0
9.1 *
9.7
10.5
5.1
7.0
6.5
4.9
8.0
10.7
120
8.1 »
22.7 »
21,1 *
21.1 »
54.1
28,6
22.2
17.1
20.2
8.5*
9.1
16.0 »
12.6 *
12.5
11.9 *
8.7
12.5 »
15.1
4.1
8,8 *
7.5
12.0 *
12.4 »
8,9
6.4
122
9.2*
12.0
17.5
21.3
7.8
6.0
25.9
12.7
10.6
17.1 *
24,4
15.9
18.4
8.9
18.2
3.7
15.1
19.4
7.2
5,7
11.
a.
6.
7.
10.
«.4
3.9
6.1
10.0
12.4
4.4
15.5
5.4
9.7
6.8 »
6,7
8.5 *
5.0
12.2 *
8.8
12«
18.1 »
18.4
14,2
4.1
12.6*
17.2 *
13.1
10. 8
12.0 *
12.2
8.3
15.7
13.1
5.8
8.5
7.3 *
7.6
6.8
8.9
10.5
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PANICULATE SUMMARY!
SULFATES
01-JAN-75 THROUGH Jl-DEC-75
DATE \ SITE
11/29/75
12/ 2/75
12/ 5/75
12/ 8/75
12/11/75
12/14/75
12/17/75
12/20/75
12/23/75
12/26/75
12/29/75
1*3
10.1
11.3
17.7
12.5
10.8
5.7
7.3
15.7
12.1
15.3
1«5
11.7
fl.6
l*,3
14.2
12.2
9,4
6.7
6.7 *
23.3
12.7
20.0
136
11. 0
7.9
1C. 5
J3.9 »
1<".1
10.2
5.6
5.7
14.3
12.?
16.4
1(18
1"5.«
26.1 *
15.7
13.5
11,6
5.9
6.P
15.7
11.9
14.4
112
9.5
7.R
9.6
11.6
11,3
".2
5,1
5.5
12.5
11.2
13.4
115
11.9
8.5
9.5
1?.?
9.4
8.5
7.5
11.0
12. Pi
15. fl
116
11.7
6.8
ll.o
12.1
11.1
8.4
7.6
7.P
19,9
13.3
12.4
120
8.5
9.3
5.2
11.2
6.4
4.2
4,7 *
16,9
9.1
122
12.6
5.4
17.1 *
9.7
7.3
13.1
5.4
7.0
12.0
7.7
124
13.3 *
4.9
8.7
10.3 '
11.3
7.4
14.7 *
6.2
12.6
11.8
00
ro
STATISTICS
103
105
106
106
112
120
132
124
* OSS
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SOEV
CEO MEAN
CEO SOEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION
< 5.
5,- 10.
10.- 15.
15.- 2&.
20.- 25.
25.- 30.
30.- 35.
35'.- 40.
> 40.
74
13.1
6.6
11.7
1.59
32.8
6/29/75
Vi
28
25
9
5
5
2
0
0
79
12.5
6.1
11.3
1.57
40.7
7/29/75
2
28
28
12
7
1
0
0
1
67
13.8
8.7
12.0
1.68
57.5
7/ 3/75
2
23
21
9
e
a
2
1
1
85
14.5
7.6
12,7
1.67
47.7
11 3/75
1
25
26
19
U
6
3
0
1
85
13.1
8.4
11.1
1.73
50.3
7/ 8/75
U
34
21
13
6
3
2
1
1
71
12.7
7."
11.1
1.63
41,6
7/ 3/75
0
35
19
9
2
1
2
2
1
79
1",9
6.2
9.7
1.6(9
46.9
7/ 3/75
8
32
27
8
3
a
0
9
\
54
13.9
11.1
11.4
1.82
57,2
6/26/75
3
23
11
8
5
1
0
0
3
87
11.9
9.5
9.8
1.79
73.4
6/26/75
10
40
16
13
U
1
1
0
2
SI
11.6
9.2
9.8
1.73
60.1
7/ 3/75
5
18
20
6
V
0
0
1
1
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
NITRATES
01-JAN»7S TMROU8M JJ.D6C-75
DATE \ SITE 103
3/ 8/75
3/1J/75
3/16/75
3/19/75
3/22/75
3/25/75
3/28/75
3/31/75
o/ 3/75
I/ 6/75
O/ 9/75
1/12/75
0/15/75
a/18/75
0/21/75
0/20/75
a/27/75
a/30/75
5/ 3/75
S/ 9/75
0° 5/12/75
*** 5/15/75
5/18/75
5/21/75
5/2a/75
5/27/75
5/30/75
6/ 2/75
6/ 5/75
t>/ 8/75
6/11/75
6/ia/75
6/17/75
6/20/75
6/23/75
6/26/75
6/29/75
7/ 3/75
7/ 5/75
7/ 8/75
7/11/75
7/10/75
7/17/75
9.9
12.0 *
3.6
2.0
2.7
5.7
1.1
7.H *
?.l
2.9
2.2
1.1
1.1
1.3
i.a
2.0
«.3
i.a
3.1
1.6
3.0
2.1
6.3 *
105
10.9
5.8
9.3
1.5
5. a
1.3
3.8 *
5.2
10.0
3.2
13.7
2.8
3.0
2.0 *
3.6
3.0
9.2
10.0*
3.6
«.3
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.1
1.6 *
2.0
1.7
a.i
3.0
106
10.3
8. a *
1.1
12.9 *
3.9 *
5.2
2.7
6.9 *
s. a
2.7
3.«
3.0
2.S
2.5
1."
6.8 *
2.1 *
3.8
B.2*
2.2
i.a *
3.6
2.0
a. 6
3.5
108
3.1
9.2
5.2
16.2 »
1.1
5.5
1.7
2.8
a. 7
10.0
3. a
3.9 *
3.7
3.1
a. 6
2.5
a.i
a. 7
3.2
2.7
a.a *
2.9
2.1
2.3
3.3
1.7
2.9
2.3
6.2
3.6
a. 6
1.5
2.1
3.9
2.5
a. 9
5.1
112
9.0
5.6
8.0
1.3
5. a
i.a
a.2»
5.2
10.7
3.6
3.3
3,3
3. a
3.2
2.6
2.8
3.5
2.8
2,8
2,6
2.8
2.2*
a. 2
3,3*
2.2
2.1
3.7
7.8*
0.7
2.6
1.2
3.0
3.0
7.3*
115
5.8 *
6.8 »
1.7
1.6
a. a
a.0
2.7
3.8
3.5
a. 5 *
2.5
3.0
2.2
0.9
2. a
1.2*
3.9
3. a
0.2
2.6
0.1
3.3*
3.1
2.8
a.i
118
1.1
1.3
1.8
a.a
a. 7
3.5
7.1
2.1
1.7
3,0
1.8
2. a
a. s
3,9
"•2 .
2.2
2.5
1.1 *
1.9
0.7
0.a
1.3
3.1 *
1.5
2. a
0.0
1.9
1,1
a.0
2.6 *
3.8 *
120 122
2,
7.
5.
6,
3.
10.
10.
3.
3.
2.
3.
5.
5.
2,
5.
e.
i.
5.
1.
a *
0
3
•
2
2
5
5
|
,7
.1
.7
.6
.2
t
f
•
•
•
|
,1
.0
*9
.6
.1 »
,7
,1
.7
.9
.1
8
2.5
2 2.5
5 * 1.0
i.a
9 * 3.3
2 2. a
1.7
5 * 0,0*
3.5*
7 * 0.1
0.6
9 * 0.3
1.7
1 * 2.2
5 5.6*
1.1
114
8.6
6.1
8,0
l.«
S.«
M
3.9
«.«
6.7
5.5 *
3.6
0.8*
2.8
3.1
1
!
[
0.9 |
!
1.1
0.8
2,7*
1.5
2,0
1.7
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
SITUATES
ai-JAM-75 THROUGH Jl-DCC-75
00
DATE N SITE
7/20/75
7/23/75
7/26/75
7/29/75
8/ 1/75
8/ tt/7S
8/ 7/75
8/10/75
8/13/75
8/16/75
8/19/75
8/22/75
8/25/75
8/28/75
8/31/75
9/ 3/75
9/ 6/75
9/ 9/75
9/12/75
9/15/75
9/18/75
9/21/75
9/20/75
9/27/75
IB/ 3/75
IB/ 6/75
10/10/75
10/12/75
10/15/75
1B/18/75
IB/21/75
10/24/75
10/27/75
10/50/75
ll/ 2/75
ll/ 5/75
ll/ 8/75
11/11/75
11/10/75
11/17/75
11/20/75
11/23/75
11/26/75
103
0.9 *
2.0
0.6
2.6
0.9
4.6
2.5
3.0
2.6
1.7
3.0
2.1
'2.9 *
3.6
1.8
1.6
2.5
0.1
1.6 *
4.6
0.7
1.7
4.0
3.4
10.6
3.3
0.2
1.9
7.5
1.0 *
2.0
2.0
7.4
2.6
5.5
6.1
5.1
5.1
0.6
5.2
5.0
105
O.fl »
3.1
3.7
1.7 *
0.6 *
2.0
2.4
3.9
1.5
1.8
4.7
1.9
3.0
3.2
4.9
1.6 *
5.0
3.3
1.0
2.5
3.5
0.0
6.5
3.6
4.5
2.6
2.0
1.8
2.5
3.0
0.5
3.0
5.8
5.2
3.0 *
5.2 *
4.5
5.7
5.5
_ O A (-_...»_
106
3.7 *
3.3
2,0
1.7 *
3,5
1.3
0.8
3.3
1,«
2.8
1.0
3.0
1.2
1.1
5.3
5.6
PI. 6
0.5 *
2.3
1.6
2.5
3.9
a. PI
3.1
5.5
a. 9
2.T *
3.6 *
0.6
1.7
4.9
IBS
3.6 *
2.9
10.1 * '
0.9
1.9
2.9
3.8
2.5
3.8
1.8
5.6
i.a
6.0
0.7
1.6
2.3
6.0
5.3
0.9 *
2.2
4.8
5.4
8.0
5.U
5.1
2.1
1.9
2.4
2.8
4.3
0.9
0.2
5.6
6.7
6.7
l.Pl
5.9
0.6
112
2,9
2.1
2.7
2.0 *
(1.6*
a. 7*
3.0
2.8
2.8
0.8
t.8
3.7*
1.6
1.2
"5.5
2.3
5.0*
5.2
2.7
0.8
2.0
0.0
1.3
3.6*
3.3
1.8
1.0
2.8
2.5
1.9
4.0
3.0
5.5
1.1
1.1 »
7.6*
a. 2
0.7
0.0
11.3
115
3.0
0.4
1."
2.2 *
3.4
1.9
3.3
2.2
5.6 *
1.2
2.1 *
0.9
0.9
1.7
2.6
1.5*
4.7
0.9
1.8
3.8
4.5
6.2
0.2
4.8
1.7
1.6
2.8
2.5
4.5*
4.0
3.2
5.7
6.0
0.9
5.6
5.8
118
3.1 »
0.5
0.9
l.P
2.7
2.2 *
2.3 *
1.7
0.3
0.8
2.3
1.2
1.3
2.6
3,7
3.9
0.9
0.7
2.1
3.4
0.2
2.7
2.3
3.3
2.0
3.1 *
1.9
0.2
5.9 *
3.2
0.3
1.5
3.1
2.3
0.5
2.9
o.l
120
3.5 »
7.5 *
9.2 *
9.2 »
0.7
1.1
2,0
0.9
2.1
3.0 »
2,1
1.0 »
0,9 *
3.6
5,3 *
5.0 *
0.2
6.3
1,0
2.3 *
3.1
3,2 *
7,B *
3,8
0,1
122
2.3 »
1.5
3.1
2.8
1.2
1.6
1.0
1.8
1.3
3.2 *
0.2 *
2.2
2.8
0.6
0.5
1.1
3.8
2.6
0.8
1.3
5,5
3.7
2.1
2.3
3.0
1.2
1.8
l.»
2.6
2.7
2.6
o.o
0,5
0.7
0.3*
0.2
5.2*
0.7
7.5*
0.1
120
3,5 »
1,5
1.3
1.0
1.7*
2.6*
1.0
2.2
2.9*
1.0
1.9
5.3
3.3
2.2
2.0
5.7 *
3.2
5.7
0.1
3.9
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARYl
NITRATES
01-JAN-75 THROUGH 31-DCC-79
DATE \ SITI
11/29/75
12/ 2/75
12/ 5/75
12/ 6/75
12/11/75
12/ia/75
12/17/75
12/20/75
12/23/75
12/26/75
12/29/75
: 1«3
3.6
5.4
8.0
5.1
t.T
2.3
2.4
8.0
3.0
5.8
105
3.1
2.0
5.5
5.*
6.1
1.'
2.8
2.6
in. 2
1.5
6.3
106
2.0
3.2
4.4
14.8 *
4.6
1.7
2.4
2.3
8.7
5.0
4.8
IBS
4.2
10.5 *
5.6
5.3
1.8
2.1
2.3
8.4
3.1
5.7
112
2.6
3.2
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.3
2.7
2.0
8.4
4.1
3.6
its
4.1
4.4
5.6
5.2
5.5
1.0
2.3
2.4
6.8
2.2
lie
3.0
1.0
4.8
4.4
5.B
t.o
2.3
3.1
«.o
4.8
4.2
120
3.8
2.7
3.2
5.5
1.6
2.6
2.1 *
10.2
3.0
122
0.2
2,7
0,e»
4.5
5.7
7.4
2.1
J.0
7.7
3.4
II
3
1
a
s
2
2
4
2
•
4
It
0 *
•
6
a
s
2
5 »
4
S
7
00
STATISTICS
103
105
106
108
112
US
118
120
122
114
• 088
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SDEV
CEO MEAN
CEO SDEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION!
< 5.
5.
»0c
»5f
20,
25.
30.
35.
ID.
15.
2«.
25.
3*.
35.
4*.
> lift.
74
3.6
2.4
2.0
1.03
12.4
3/23/75
55
17
2
0
0
0
0
<*
0
70
4.1
2.4
3.5
1.71
13.7
4/15/75
58
16
5
0
9
0
0
9
0
67
3.7
2.6
3.0
2.06
14.8
12/ 8/75
55
9
3
0
0
a
0
0
0
85
4.1
2.6
3.4
1.88
16.2
3/22/75
60
21
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
85
3.6
2.1
3.1
1.78
11.3
11/26/75
70
13
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
71
3.2
1.7
2.6
2.17
6.8
12/23/75
50
12
0
0
a
0
0
0
a
70
2.7
1.6
2.2
1.03
8.9
12/23/75
75
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
4.3
2.S
3.5
1.88
10.5
4/15/75
35
16
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
87
3.2
2.1
2.5
2.25
«.»
4/ 9/75
75
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SI
S.I
l.«
2.6
1.86
8.*
3/16/7S
45
6
0
e
B
e
0
0
a
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS RETICULATE SUMHARYl
TOTAL SUSBENOEO PARTICIPATES CTSP)
1.JAN.76 THROUGH 31-OEC-76
00
D»TE \ SITE
I/ 1/76
\f 4/76
I/ 7/76
1/10/76
1/13/76
1/16/76
1/19/76
1/22/76
1/25/76
1/28/76
1/31/76
2/ J/76
2/ 6/76
2/ 9/76
2/12/76
2/15/76
2/18/76
2/21/76
2/27/76
J/ 1/76
5/ 4/76
J/ 7/76
5/10/76
5/13/76
3/16/76
5/19/76
5/22/76
3/25/76
5/28/76
3/51/76
«/ 3/76
a/ b/76
4/ 9/r*
4/12/76
a/15/76
4/18/76
4/21/76
4/24/76
4/27/76
4/36/76
5/ 3/76
5/ 6/76
5/ 9/76
103
61.1
55.6
106.5
6?. 2
114.7
82.2
139.6
97. 0
182. 8
80,3
126.8
106. H"
118.6
113.8
111.9
125.4
136.6
58.7
108.8
104. 0
55. B
46.8
76.2
74.9
62.0 *
43.5
75.8
72.0
143.7
94.5 *
82.2
96.4 *
120.1
65,4
108.3
143.0
29.3
130.2 *
105
51.2
37.6
61.6
56.6
51.8
7«.2
95.7
130.4
64.3
105.3
75.6
72.8
123.1
131.3
79.7
80.0
161.9
145.9
66.0
65.1
99.2
37.8
55.2
76.3
73.2
82.8
55.5
54.0
88.2
144.3
96.4
98.4
88.4
66.4
69. a
62.2
65.7
60.8 *
169.6 *
47.3
106
37,9
27.6
56.3
50.8
38.7
59.1
62,3
83.2
50.2
209.3
62.0
96.8
65.4
78.9
83.9
65.9
76.8
78.
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY*
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATES fTSP)
HI-JAN.76 THROUGH 31°DEC=76
00 !
DATE
\ SITE
103
105
106
108
115
118
120
122
124
5/12/76
5/15/76
5/18/76
5/21/76
5/24/76
5/27/76
5/50/76
6/ 2/76
6/ 5/76
6/ 8/76
6/11/76
6/14/76
6/17/76
6/20/76
6/23/76
6/26/76
6/29/76
7/ 2/76
7/ 5/76
7/ 8/76
7/11/76
7/14/76
7/17/76
7/20/76
7/23/76
7/26/76
7/29/76
8/ 1/76
8/ 4/76
8/ 7/76
8/10/76
8/13/76
8/16/76
8/19/76
8/22/76
8/25/76
8/28/76
8/31/76
9/ 3/76
9/ 6/76
9/9/76
9/12/76
9/15/76
101.5
45.8
61.1
126.9
77.2
167.4
6S.6 *
79.8
158.7
105.1
106.1
35.4
104.6
70.0
78.4
90. 5
93.8
95.5
116.4
113.4
130.5
110.9
283.0*
94.1
44.3
106.0
47.2
100.3
272.4*
106.4
113.9
210.5*
92.9
168.8
106.6
77.0
88.3
93.8
128.8
54.0
76.3
94.2
99.5
128.2
77.5
95.9
71.8
135.6
127.3
107.1
78.7
68.4
76.7
87.6
40.9
114.7*
74.2
94.7
58.4
105.7
85.1
118.2
119.5*
110.3*
91.3
46.9
104.8
60.6
91.9
217.0*
88.9
135.0
103.3
182.3
81.6
157.0
98.9
80.4
67.6
72.5
134.1
123.2 »
42.8 »
46.7
89.8
100.4
99.4
60.3
80.7
53.5
104.7
118.9
103.2
65.2 *
54.2
75.1
54.8
63.7
62.3
88.2
38.7
81,3
63.6
100.7
82.8
98.4
79.7
41.5
85.5
48,1
114.5*
106,1
102.3
104.7
173.1
66.2
125.6
103.7
89.9
73.6
69.6
111.2
50.1
43.5
101.1
76,6 *
101.4
86.5
50.5
51.6
132.7
137.9
156.6
86.3 *
196. 01*
261.4 »
84.2
133.0*
57.0
87.2
51,3*
85.5
93.9
128.9 *
142.9*
235.2*
374.2*
47.7
315,3*
39.2
111.7
105.5
34.2*
72.0
208.3*
64.5
128.7
155.0*
48.0
44.8
93.2
113.5
92.7
54.0
42.4
67.6
76,6
97.8
61.7
90.9
47.2
103.5
96.1
126,7
83.6
34.7
45.3
108,4
65.7 *
72.4
64.1
163.6
103,2
483.5
104.9
53.9
99.5
127.9 »
40.9
50.3
95.2
94.0
101.4
114.2
94,5
157.8
63.9
111.1
127.5
90.2
65.8 »
82.2
119.2 *
83.3
29.9
25.8
78,8
67.8
IIP. 3
56.7
42.2
102.5
104.3
B4.9
55.6
45. 6
27.7*
62.9
121.7*
62.2
91.5
56.0
99.5
78,5
98.1
75.7*
81.9
59.0
27.4
67.2
34.6
64.0
87.4*
44.1
78.2
91.4
195.9
68.0
108.3
84.8
50.0
57.9
62,1
74.5
SB. 9
52,3
40,8
69.5
78.5
120.0
56.8
111.7
73.5
118.2
68.7
45.6
104.2
89.7 *
143.9*
92.8*
40.1
102.6
69,4 *
45.5
85.1
96.6
85.6
131.9
67.4
90,9
47.2
51.7
54,8
109.5*
40.9
88,0
78.2
156.5*
75,8
81.6
83.8
65.3
56.4
65.0
89.5
85,7
28.5
32,6
45.5
76.4
63.6
67.6*
46,0
52,9
64.5
101.9
49,9
56.2*
41.5
56.4*
49.5
57,5
32.4
48,4
57.7
64.2
49,9
68.2
25,7
95,1*
32.0
70.0
66,1
67,1
78,3
152.3*
43,8*
58,9
51,4
37.2
64.5
58,0
94,3
73,7
32.4
23.4
59.7
65.9
69.0
33.7
51.7
43.6
103.2
1?5.5
90,5
75.1
68.6 »
97.7
45.4
53.0
49.5
72.5
30.7
93.8 »
75.4
54,4
70,6 *
47,5
25.8
64.5
35.9
84,7
57.6
37,4
64.
139, »
110.
74.
92.
«T,
47.
62, *
70,
127.
100.3
33.8
60.1
60.8
53.0
44.9
82.1
86,9
60.0
51.3
25.6
79.5
30.5
57.0
54.7
70,9
25.7
79,4 *
55.6
109.5
225.4 »
63.5 *
24.5
22.2
42.1
32.3
52,5
65,8 »
39.5
65.6
75.1
96.1
66.2
61.6
64.9
38.2
55.2
50.9
75.0
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
..'AM8/RAPS PARTICULATE SUMM»RYI
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATES (JSP)
01-JAN-76 THROUGH Jl-OEC-76
DATE
SITE
103
105
106
108
tie
115
118
12(9
122
124
9/18/76
9/21/76
9/21/76
9/27/76
9/30/76
Ifl/ 3/76
IB/ 6/76
10/ 9/76
18/12/76
10/15/76
18/18/76
10/21/76
10/24/76
10/27/76
10/30/76
ll/ 2/76
ll/ 5/76
ll/ 8/76
11/11/76
11/14/76
11/17/76
11/20/76
11/23/76
11/26/76
11/29/76
12/ 2/76
ll/ 5/76
ta/,6/76
li/U/76
ia/i«/76
12/17/76
12/20/76
11/23/76
t I/I*/ 76
11/29/76
156.9
168.3
243.1
69.0
110.4
140.4
54.2
105.2
125.3
178.4
97.4
87.5
37.7
51.3
46.7
77.3
82.0*
103.8
68.1
117.4
92.5
186.9
81.4 »
36.2
45.9
56.5
67.9
82.1
117.1
89.9
122.5
65.9
83.?
53.2
58.6
124.6
82.5
122.7
71.6
88.9
122.6
58.3
77.2 *
93.9
202.1
116.5
59. U
32.2
75.1
47.0
72.8
62.0*
76.1
72.5
123.5
90.9
151.6
65.2
27.7
40.2
.67.8
90.7
95.5
148.7
114.4
148.9
61.8
71.8
38.3
57.5
113.6
82.4
111.5
60.2
92.2
118.7
42.7
69.0
86.9 *
199,8
110.4
51.8
34.0
59.3
31.9
61.5
58.1 *
81.9
73.0
99.6
103.4
135.4
52.8
30.4
48.5
72.4
75.5
67.3
117.0
78. U
105.7
63.3
69.2
38. B
51.7
164.6
83.7
126.8
48.3
75.7
151.2
28.1
128.5
134.0
145.3
86.9
52.1
35.4
43.7
28.0
73.6
68.1 *
87.9
50.5
95.5
69.0
128.2
71.4
36.1
28.2
43.5
23.4
75.9
110.3
119.3
74.4
39.9
60.1
U?.8
50.7 .
175.3
92.0
141.7
46,8
68,8
111.3
36,3
69.1
86,8
128, 6*
80.8
39. U
26.8
50.6
25.4
43.6
44,9 *
57.7
56,2
118,3
114.0
69,3
43.3
26,0
30.7
48.4
66.4
108,8
73.2
92.3
76.6
35.1
52.5
34.0
51.6
86,4
57.6
48.6
43.6
76.0
92.2
30.2
63.9
71. U
136. U
77.3
52.1
36.7
72.8
35. 6
44.0
52.4*
70.7
62.7
79.5
87.6
107.0
54,8
22.7
31.1
33.7
42.7
61.1
80.2
21.2
71.7
57.2
50.7
40.7
45.5
86.0
91. U
67.9
63.8
54.1
83.5
55.3
64.5
60.2
189.8 *
82.5
63.4
U0.5
81.2
24.9*
50.4
41.9*
61.8
74.1 *
62.2
161.9
48.6
19.3
18.0
53.2
34,5
62.2
54. a
21.1
58. S
44.9 *
41.6
33. S
26.4
73.3
64.3
69.2
55.8
34.3
59.7
36.6
144,5
87,6
38.3
30.4
43.3
25,3
44,8
36,8*
41.9
65,0
106,3
45,8
80.9
49,1
16.3
37,9
45,3
55,9
59,1
83.8
44.1
80.7
35.1
62.2
35,3
55,9*
88.9
63', 4
60.8
49,8
45.7
102.9
32.3
55.0
74.3
144.8
59.3*
424,9 *
25,1
32.1
23.8
39.8
33.7*
69.7
55.6
59.8
40,4
84.8
39.6
19.1
24.9*
35,0
34.1
48,4
52,8
55,8
37.0
28.1
34.0
37.9
44.9*
67.9 ,
106.5 I
70.4
49.1
36.0 I
77.4 i
33.5
50.4 ;
43.4 '
165.2
39.5 j
34.1 *
25.3
36.3
20.5
38.7 . ,
28.9* ;
41.9
62.9 j
63.7 i
36.7 ,
37.2 j
86,4 .
13.7 i
21.1 i
35.5
41.4
47,4
42.6
24.3 1
36,7
28,0
23.8 i
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATES (TSP)
Bl-JAN-76 THROUGH JJ-DEC-76,
00,
vo
STATISTICS
183
105
106
106
112
115
118
120
122
124
« DBS
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SDEV
GEO MEAN
CEO SDEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION!
.< 25.
25,- 50.
50,- 75.
75, -100.
100, -125.
125. -150.
150. -175.
175. -200.
>200.
112
99.4
44.5
90.9
1.53
283.0
7/26/76
0
11
22
27
29
13
5
1
4
89.6
35.6
83.3
1.48
217.0
8/13/76
0
10
35
36
16
11
4
1
2
118
79.6
35.2
73.3
1.50
241.6
4/30/76
0
18
45
26
20
5
1
1
2
116
90.9
56.7
77.8
1.73
374.2
7/29/76
1
26
26
25
13
12
6
2
5
116
79.6
51.0
69.9
1.64
483.5
7/17/76
0
29
35
23
17
7
3
1
1
112
60.0
27.7
54.4
1.55
195.9
8/25/76
2
45
34
23
6
1
0
1
0
113
6B.1
32.6
61.4
1.58
197.1
4/18/76
4
3?
42
23
8
2
2
2
0
113
54,1
22.6
50,2
1.47
152.3
8/25/76
1
57
39
It
3
1
1
0
0
116
59.8
43.3
52.0
1.64
424,9
10/21/76
6
48
36
14
5
4
0
0
1
110
54.6
31.2
46.0
1.65
225.4
7/23/76
11
47
30
14
6
0
1
0
1
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
SJLMTES
01-JAN-76 THROUGH 31-OEC-76
DATE
\ SITE
103
105
106
108
1 12
lie
120
122
124
I/ 1/76
I/ 4/76
I/ 7/76
1/10/76
1/13/76
1/16/76
1/19/76
1/22/76
1/25/76
1/28/76
1/31/76
2/ 3/76
2/ 6/76
2/ 9/76
2/12/76
2/15/76
2/16/76
2/21/76
2/27/76
3/ 1/76
3/ 4/76
3/ 7/76
3/10/76
3/13/76
3/16/76
3/19/76
3/22/76
3/25/76
3/28/76
3/31/76
4/ 3/76
4/ 6/76
4/ 9/76
4/12/76
4/15/76
4/18/76
4/21/76'
4/24/76
4/27/76
4/30/76
5/ 3/76
5/ 6/76
5/ 9/76
17.0
5.8
8.3
10.2
10.4
13.1
8.5
10.2
22.1
8.6
10.5
9.7
13.4
9.5
8.2
11.7
12.3
8.9
5.7
13.9
8.0
7.5
8.6
8.2
9.9 *
9.4
6.5
7.5
17.9
10.0 »
6.4
14.9 *
6.7
7.6
23.8
20.2
5.9
16.5 *
16.5
6.8
7.7
8.6
9.7
7.9
".6
13.2
12.4
9.1
10.2
16.0
8.7
11.1
11.6
8.0
10.9
10!7
6.5
13.7
5.1
7.1
9.1
7.0
8.8
9.5
4.4
6.2
18. ft
6.0
9.9
14.0
6.4
6.3
9.4
8.2
7.2 *
25.3 »
6.4
1 fl T
5J6
6.2
7.6
6.5
6.2
7.5
9.4
9.2
12.9
8.9
45.0
8.8
8.9
9.2
9.6
8.4
6.4
13.0
8.9
10.2
6.0
7!e
7.5
10.0
9.4
15.3 *
9.3
4.9
4.8
18.0
7.6 *
14.1
7.0
6.1
7.9
8.1
31.9 *
5.1
8.7
10.7
14.3
6.4
6.2
11.4*
9.6
6.8
10.5
11. 1
10.4
8.C>
10.3
22.3
13.4
7.9
13.8
13.8
11.4
8.9
13.3
14.0
10.6
14, fl
7.2
12.3
6.8
13.7
7.5
5.4
6.6
18.6
5.7
6.1
17.9
' 7.0
11.1
6.4
7.8
14.1
4.9
7.0
15,8
16.0
5.5
7.0
9.2
6.8
8.3
10.4
10.1
6.5
8.9
12.4
8.0
12.8
8.3
11.6
7.9
7.9
6.2
12.4
12.2
6,8
12.7
6.0
6.5
7.9
8,8
9.4
3.8
8.3
16.2
5.8
6.3
15.7
6.9
9.1
8.7
14,6
4.6
14.4 *
11.0
" """"
pis
11.2
6.9
8.9
11.4
7.5
9.9
12,1
6.4
9.3
10,1
8.P
8,0
8,4 *
10,5
8.2
7.1
8.4
9.1
7.?
5,0
13,7
6,7
8,2
7,0
16,5
5.0
12,5
5.0
8.6 *
9.2
5.9
17.2
6.9
7.6
8.6
14.2
7.1
10.5 »
9.0
7.4
7.1
11.1
8.1
9.4
18.1
10.4 .
12.5
10.1
5.4
6.0
12.0
12.0 *
8.0
12.3
9.0
6.7
9.9
9.5
9.7
7.5
5.8
5.6
14.9
4.2
6.5
3,7
16.5
6.7 *
8.4
4.8
13,4
4.4
7.1
11.6
6.8
4.5
8.1
9.0
6.7
6.0
11.0
8.6
5,5
6,7
16,8
8,0
7.4
8,4.
8,2
5.9
4.5
12.0
7.6
5.8
8.5
8,2
5.5
8.1
7.2
8.6
8,3
8,0
4.3
15,9
8.1 *
7.3
10,1
6.6
15,1 *
8.1
6.4
13.4
4.1
7,8
7.7
14.6
7.4
6,6
10,4
8.7
6.2
7.7
e.i
9.1
7.0
7.9
17,6
15.3*
18.1 *
7.5
10.1
7.3
7.1
7.1
10.2
5.2
12.2
5.2
6.1
8.2
6,6
13.0
7.5
4.9
14.5*
13.0*
17.4
6,7
8.1
8.3
7.7
16,4
4.8
7.5
12,5
12.9
7.2
7.2
6.5
7.6
7.0
7.7
9.2
10.9
5.7
8.6
it. 2
7.8
10.7
9.6
7.2
4.3
5.4
10.3
7.6
8.1
6.4
10.6
7.3
6.5
7.3
4.2
t.e
15.2
4.7
7.5
9.4
3.6
4.4
5.2
10.9
5.6
5.9
*-Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
BAMS/BAPS PARTICIPATE SUMM&RYI
SJLFATES
(M-JAN-76 THROUGH Jl-OEC-76
DATE
\ SITE
1*3
135
112
115
118
120
122
124
5/12/76
5/15/76
5/18/76
5/21/76
5/24/76
5/27/76
5/30/76
6/ 2/76
6/ 5/76
6/ 8/76
6/11/76
6/14/76
6/17/76
6/20/76
6/23/76
6/26/76
6/29/76
7/ 2/76
7/ 5/76
7/ 8/76
7/11/76
7/14/76
7/17/76
7/20/76
7/23/76
7/26/76
7/29/76
8/ 1/76
6/ 4/76
8/ 7/76
8/10/76
6/13/76
8/16/76
8/19/76
6/22/76
6/25/76
6/23/76
6/31/76
9/ 3/76
9/ 6/76
9/ 9/76
9/12/76
9/15/76
10.6
B.f9
7.6
ia.2
10.7
2?.?
21.8 *
23. 8
27.7
11.9
8.7
7.6
21.6
7.9
15.9
12.5
17.4
9.1
10.4
8.6
15.1
9.8
59.9*
14.7
9.6
16.7
14.3
17.9
46.6*
25.1
26.3
55.0*
10.8
18.3
27.3
8.6
8.4
15.8
17.1
9.7
9.2
10.5
11.9
21.0
23.1
24.3
19.0
3?.t
26.4
13.9
9.1
1 0.0
ia.8
21. B
5.1
23.6*
11. .9
15.5
8,0
9.8
5.9
11.7
13.0*
23.7*
16.2
9.1
14,2
1B.B
40.2*
19.8
35.7
2B.2
53.9
10.9
17.2
28.1
13.0
7. a
la.2
15.9
fl.9 *
7.1 *
7.2
9.4
16,8
20.7
21. a
13.6
27.9
26.1
14.7
8.1 »
13.3
22.?
T U
' • ™
10)7
14. 8
6.7
8.6
S.B
14.0
8.7
21.0
16.1
6.3
17.0
12.6
22.2*
19.2
29.3
28.8
50.4
10.0
16.1
28.3
9. a
7.1
15.2
14.5
3.1
5.4
11.1
10.5 *
ia.7 '
15.1
17.6
12.9
28,5
26.1
15.6
B.fl *
43. B *
46.7 *
9.8
23.3*
10.1
15.9
7.5*
8.4
6. a
17.0 »
14.4 *
38.7 »
40.9 *
7.7
66,8*
12.5
20.9
22.0
13.0*
21.9
74.9*
10.0
17.6
39,0*
8.2
7.4
15.9
17.0
6.8
10.3
6.5
9.9
9.9
17. fl
19.9
23. 0
14.5
30.6
23.3
12.9
10.1
5.8
11.9
24.2
13)5
9.9
17.5
6,7
8,0
13.7
6.5
20,7
53. a *
8.0
15.1
21.5
19.4
19.9
27.0
24.6
50.4
9.6
14.9
33.9
10.4
7.3*
17.9
13.7*
S.7
6.9
a. 3
10.9
9.9
13.9
16. a
12.3
29.3
25.4
11.0
19.5
7.9
1 ^ • 0 *
18.3
20.8 *
11. «
1B.9
6.6
9.3
8.2
15.4
Q fl *
22.9
15.3
5.3
15.3
10.0
17.8
18.7*
13.0
23.5
23.1
43.5
B.9
14,3
27.9
7.6
10.5
ia.a
12.2
9.0
5.7
7,5
8.7
Id. 4
11.7
19.0
2<*. 3
19.4
29.4
9.2
9.8
9.4
ia.5 *
27.7 *
9.9 *
12.7
10.2
17.6 *
6.4
9.1
7.8
12.6
ta.i
18.4
12.2
16.0
16.5
17.0
33.1 »
15.8
27.6
24.3
64.6 *
12.4
13.4
31.2
8.0
6.3
16.7
13.1
7.1
7,4
5.3
8.3
10.6
13.0
27.2 »
15.6
18.4
23.1
26.4
7,6
7.8 *
15,5
2«,H *
10.4
12.8
5.8
6.4
4.8
10.9
14.6
16.6
6.0
26.5 *
10.9
21.9
19,1
19,4
25,2
56,7*
6.9*
11.9
20.6
6.6
8.6
12,5
12,6
5.4
7.7
a. 7
7.7
8.5
15.3
13.4
11.3
13.0
26.8
26.3
12.0
13. 0
14.5*
23.4
6.2
13.6
7.6
9.9
4,0
12.7 *
13.6
4.9
20.1 »
11.0
5.9
17.6
12.2
24.0
14.5
11.3
22.5
62,0*
46.3
6.5
19.7
32.9
7.5
10.7*
18.2
13.2
6.7
7.1
10.0
10.3
19.6
ia.0
30.7
25.5
6.6
9.2
6.9
13.5
5.5
11.3
18.3
16.9
5.3
6.8 »
7.7
10.8
23.0 *
20.1 *
6.0
5.7
12.6
12.2
17.3
16.6 *
15.0
23.6
25.1
46.8
11.5
11.6
25.3
7.2
6.6
16.5
15.0
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY:
S'JIFATFS
01.JAN.76 THROUGH Jl-DEC-76
ro
DATE \ SITE
9/18/76
9/21/76
9/24/76
9/27/76
9/30/76
10/ 3/76
10/ 6/76
10/ 9/76
10/12/76
10/15/76
10/18/76
10/21/76
10/24/76
10/27/76
10/30/76
ll/ 2/76
ll/ 5/76
ll/ 8/76
11/11/76
11/14/76
11/17/76
11/20/76
11/23/76
11/26/76
11/29/76
12/ 2/76
12/ 5/76
12/ 6/76
12/11/76
12/M/76
12/17/76
12/20/76
12/23/76
12/26/76
12/29/76
103
19.8
17.3
20.0
17.0
14.6
22.3
7.1
12.9
9.5
6.5
8.5
7.1
10.9
9.0
11.6
9.0
7.3 *
6.7
7.2
1«.2
10.3
8.6
9.7*
7.8
6.5
6.3
9.8
14.5
17.8
10.3
6.4
6.6
4.CI
15.7
7.7
105
1«.6
a, 7
10.3
17.2
12.2
20.8
6.1
10.9 *
6.8
6.3
8.7
5.3
7.2
8.9
11. «
8.3
5.? *
1.7
6.3
16.1
10.7
7.4
6.2
5.7
1.7
6.9
15.7
20|3
IP. 4
6.5
5.8
4.4
4.5
6.5
106
19.7
5.5
6.6
16.1
11.7
20.8
5.3
10.0
19.1 »
6.0
6.5
4.5
10.2
9.5
9.8
7.8
6.2 *
4.3
6.2
15.3
11.1
6.3
5.7
8.1
5.8
7.7
11.6
11.5
15.8
IP. 4
5.8
6.2
4.0
4.6
7.5
108
22.0
7.1
5.6
16.1
10.7
2?,0
5.0
13.5
10.8
5.3
5.9
5.9
12.5
8.4
9.3
11,0
7,8 *
6.9
6.2
9.7
9.8
5.7
12.8
9.4
5.3
6.5
5.7
13.1
18.3
16.5
13.2
6.5
5.5
5.1
5,?
1 12
22.1
6.4
7.7
15,6
12.0
23.2
5.1
9.4
6.6
5.1 *
6.2
5.1
10.3
8.7
10.3
7.5
5.2 »
U,5
5.2
1 1.6
5.0
8.5
5.5
6.1
3.7
6.6
11,5
13.1
12.5
P. 2
6.2
5.2
5.4
«,3
6.1
115
17.1
5.9
4.7
15.1
10.8
22.6
8.0
1C. 7
8.2
7.6 *
6.3
6.5
13.3
6.3
10.0
6.2
5.2*
6.7
fl.7
10.6
10.6
9.3
7.7
7.2
6.6
5.1
9.2
12.2
13.9
5.3
7.2
7.0
5.6
5.8
6.1
118
18. 1
6.5
5.4
18, 3
10.7
21,3
9.0
11.6
7.6
12.4 *
6.1
22.4
U.8
13.2
9.8 *
10.1
4.9 *
6.2
7.9 *
9.9
9,<» *
6.3
7.6
4.0
8,6
7.9
15.2
11.3
5.0
5.2
B.4 *
4,5
5.4
5.0
120
15.0
0,3
5,1
17,4
6,5
Id. 6
6.4
5.1
7.9
4.7
11.9
7.6
9.4
7.5
4,6 *
1.3
6.3
in, 4
9.1
5.1
6.4
5.8
5,3
6.1
10,1
10,7
11.0
5,7
4.8
5.2
4 , fl
3.8
5.1 *
122
15.5
3,6
5.2
17,1
8.7
23.7
6.0
9.3
8.4
4.6
9.1 »
39.8 *
9.1
6.0
8.9
7.9
4,8 *
5.9
5.5
10.2
8.9
1 , 7
6.0
6,8
8,3 *
5.6
7.8
10,3
9,1
9,3
4,3
5.5
4,5
4,2
5.8 *
124
17.5
6.5
7.0
18.2
9.9
22.9
7.1
9.3
5.7
6,6
6,8
6,6 *
9.8
9,5
8,8
7,8
4,9 *
5,3
7,7
10,7
8,9
6.4
7.3
5.4
5,5
6.6
8.4
13.3
9, 1
6,4
5.5
6.3
4.5
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICULATE SUMMARY*
SULFATE3
01-JAN.T6 THROUGH Jl-OEC-76
«£>
U>
STATISTICS
103
105
106
106
112
115
116
120
122
124
« 088
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SOEV
CEO MEAN
GEO SOEV
ANNUAL HAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION
< 5.
5,
10;
is'
20,
25.
30,
3S'
10.
IS.
20.
25.
3*.
35.
40.
> 4B.
112
13.3
S.7
11.6
1.63
59.9
7/26/76
1
51
28
16
9
4
0
9
3
117
12.6
7.9
1*.8
1.70
53.9
8/25/76
6
51
29
15
8
4
1
1
?
118
11."
7.6
10.3
1.68
5C.4
9/25/76
6
59
26
13
6
5
1
0
2
116
13.7
11.1
11.3
1.77
74.9
8/25/76
1
50
35
14
7
2
if
2
5
116
11.7
B.fl
11.0
1.70
53.4
7/J9/76
5
59
2*
11
8
1
2
a
2
113
11.0
6.0
9.8
1.57
43.5
8/25/76
2
61
29
12
5
3
0
0
1
114
11.7
7.S
10.2
1.67
64. fc
8/25/76
8
53
29
Id
a
3
2
!»
1
113
10.3
7.1
8.6
1.67
58.7
8/25/76
12
60
21
11
u
a
a
0
1
117
11."
8.U
«>.6
1.72
62.0
8/22/76
12
57
26
11
5
2
1
1
2
110
10.3
6.U
'.1
1.62
46.8
8/25/76
6
63
20
10
4
3
1
0
1
-------
SAMS/RAPS
01-JAN-76 THROUGH 31-OEC-76
DATE \ SITE
I/ 1/76
I/ U/76
I/ 7/76
l/H.1/76
1/13/76
1/16/76
1/19/76
1/22/76
1/25/76
1/28/76
1/31/76
2/ 3/76
2/ 6/76
2/ 9/76
2/12/76
2/15/76
2/18/76
2/21/76
2/27/76
3/ 1/76
3/ U/76
3/ 7/76
3/10/76
3/13/76
3/16/76
3/19/76
3/22/76
3/25/76
3/28/76
3/31/76
O/ 3/76
O/ 6/76
O/ 9/76
0/12/76
0/15/76
0/18/76
0/21/76
U/2U/76
0/27/76
0/30/76
5/ 3/76
5/ 6/76
5/ 9/76
103
0.7
1.0
?.5
0.9
3.6
6.6
3.P
7.1
0.7
5.6
o.o
0.2
0.1
2.9
2.0
3.3
5.5
?.7
3.8 .
5.9
1.8
3.1
2.0
?.7
U.3 *
3.3
1.6
?.7
9.5
3.2 *
0.9
3.0 *
2.1
2.1
6.8
8.5
1.0
U.I *
105
5.9
'.u
3.0
U.7
0.9
5.1
3.7
8.6
7.0
3.3
7.1
U.7
u.3
".2
3.3
3.0
2.8
6.5
3.3
u.o
5.6
1.8
3.3
2.7
3.0
U.7
3.7
1.8
3.0
9.7
u.u
6.0
2.9
1.8
2.2
5.6
2.5
1.5 *
7.9 *
1.8
If6
3,3
1.0
?.a
U.I
u.2
U.8
3.3
6.6
6.U
11.1
6.6
0.0
6.U
3.5
3.3
2.8
U.3
1.9
5.«
2.U
3.0
3.6
0.9
1.6
3.0
2.2
2.7
1.8 *
2.8
1.6
3.2
6.8
6. 1 *
1.9
1.6
1.6
5.1
2.0
15.1 *
1.2
2.6
3.7
108
?,5
".9
2.6
o.l *
5.0
u.u
3.7
6,6
6. 1
1 .8
7.8
U.2
0,8
6.5
«. 5
U.I
2.7
1.9
3.1
5.9
2.8
5.3
3.3
2.7
3.0
3.1
U.0
a.u
2.9
7,U
3.6
3.0
2.8
0.9
2.1
1.0
5.2
0.1
1.1
0.9
3.5
1 12
?.s
1."
0.2
0.6
5.1
3,5
7.6
6,9
2.8
6.7
0.3
7.0
3.6
3.1
3.3
2.5
?.l
2.6
fe.fl
3.0
3.5
0.7
1.3
3.U
2.5
3.5
3.6
1.6
3.3
7.7
U.5
0.8
?.6
1.8
1.9
5.8
5.0
l.u
5.0 *
«.l
1 IS
3.7
1 .u
2.U
0.6
U.5
3.6
3.7
6.0
5,6
3,?
7.2
3.7
5.7
5.6
3.6 *
3.9
2.8
2.0
U.7
5.5
3.1
3.u
6.3
?."
3.?
2.5
8.5
3.8
2.5
2.1
2.U *
2.7
0.5
5.8
1.1
3.0
3.0
118
3.5
3.0
3,« »
5.0
3.5
0.5
6.1
2.5
0.8
10.8
0.3
2.2
2.8
l.o
2.6
U.6
3.7 *
3.9
3.U
1 .8
3.0
2.6
0.9
3.3
2.2
1.1
2.7
6.9
2.1
o.o
1.0
2.8
0.7 *
1.6
1.9
5.2
0.6
1.8
12B
2.3
1.3
2.1
0.7
3.8
5.7
?.6
7.9
5.7
2.0
5.2
9.0
2.U
2.9
2.6
3.u
1.6
2.0
6.0
2.0
3.3
2.9
1.5
2.6
2.9
2.7
3.3
2.8
2.7
2.6
7.5
2.9 *
6,0
1.8
2.1
0.2 *
2.2
U.I
0.2
0.9
3.0
3.2
122
2.5
1.0
2.7
u.7
u.2
5.U
3.5
6.9
6.1
3.9
7.U
U.3
10.2 *
6,2 *
o.l
u.l
3.0
2.6
3.7
5.9
3.3
0.9
1.3
3.3
3.1
2.9
3.6
3.3
3.1
5.0 *
5.3 *
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.6
U.I
3.2
1.2
2.3
3.7
120
2.2
1.7
2.9
u.3
2.8
5.3
3.2
6.U
5.9
2.3
6.3
U.6
3.7
3.6
2.9
2.6
1.2
2.8
2.6
3.0
3.6
1.5
3.9
1.9
1.7
3.5
1.2
2.8
5.2
2.9
2.3
2,1
a.8
0.9
1.0
2.9
0.6
1.8
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICULATE SUMMARY!
TITRATES
OJ.JAN.7b THROUGH 31-OEC-76
DATE
\ SITE
103
105
108
112
115
118
120
122
120
en
5/12/76
5/15/76
5/18/76
5/21/76
5/20/76
5/27/76
5/3B/76
6/ 2/76
6/ 5/76
6/ 8/76
6/1 1/76
6/10/76
6/17/76
6/20/76
6/23/76
6/26/76
6/29/76
7/ 2/76
7/ 5/76
7/ 8/76
7/1 1/76
7/10/76
7/17/76
7/20/76
7/23/76
7/26/76
7/29/76
8/ 1/76
8/ 0/76
8/ 7/76
8/10/76
8/13/76
8/16/76
8/19/76
8/22/76
8/25/76
6/28/76
8/31/76
9/ 3/76
9/ 6/76
9/ 9/76
9/12/76
9/15/76
3.1
3.9
3.3
5,1
0.5
7.3
2.? *
3.3
?."
3.5
3.2
1.3
2.6
2.0
0.1
0.0
0.8
2.2
o.l
3.8
3.9
3.1
12.2 *
6.5
1.6
3.7
2.6
0.0
9.0*
3.2
2.8
3.1 *
2.3
6.0
1.6
3.2
1.7
3.3
5.6
3.7
3.5
5.0
0.9
6.7
2.1
2.0
3.5
0,6
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.7
2.3
?.o
1.0
6.7 *
3.5
6.«
2.5
0.0
0.0
3.5
3.8 *
0.0 *
7.0
2.1
3.1
3.0
3.3
12.9 *
3.8
2.7
2.0
2.9
2.3
7.0
1.5
2.2
2.1
3.0
6.8
3.6 *
2.8 *
2.1
0.2
0.9
0.9
1.0
2.9
2.3
3.5
0.3
3.3
2.0 *
?.6
1.3
2.0
3.7
3.5
0.9
2.0
0.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
5.0
2.3
3.9
?.B
0.2 *
3.0
1.3
0.6
1.8
1.8
5.5
1.2
2.5
2.1
2.3
5.8
0.0
1.2
0.3
3.1 *
3.7
1.9
1.5
2.5
o.o
3.9
3.S
2.0 *
6.5 *
11.0 *
2.7
6.1 *
2.6
0.5
2.1 *
0.2
3.1
3.9*
0.9 *
10.9*
12.0*
2.0
9.5 »
1.5
3.0
2.9
1.6 *
1.3
5.0 *
1.7
6.2
2.7*
2.6
1.3
3.0
5.2
3.0
3.3
2.0
0.7
0.5
3.6
1.3
1.0
1.9
3.2
3.8
0.6
3.2
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.7 *
3.8
3.9
0.8
«.2
3.6
3.3
2,2
3.2
5.7 *
2.0
1.2
3.0
1.0
2.0
1.3
l.o
0.6
1.7
6.1
l.«
3.?
2.1 *
3.1
5.6 *
0.8
3.1
?.2
". 3
0.2
2.0
1.5
1.3
2.0
2.1
3.6
3.0
2.3
1.3 *
1.8
0.5*
2.1
3.1
1.7
0.0
2.5
2.9
3.0 *
1.5
2.0
2.1
2.7
2.3
1.5
8.7 *
1.6
0.9
1.5
0.0
2.1
5.1
1.5
3.3
1.7
3.2
0.6
3.6
1.6
2,9
1.2
5.5
2.1
1.6
2.6
f?,7
1.9
0.7
2.3
1,2
1.5 *
5.6 *
1.3 *
2.2
2.1
2.9 *
0.3
3.0
2.0
2.6
3.0 *
1.5
2.2
3.3
1.9
2.6
1.6 *
2.1
0.9
1.6
0,0 *
2.6
5.0
0.5
3.2
2.3
2.0
6.2
0.8
2.7
1.9
3.2
0,6
0,3
1.0 *
2.0
1.6
1,"
3.7
2.5
2.5*
l.o
2,1*
3.8
2.7
1.9
2.7
3.5
2.5
2,0
3.0
1.7
6,2 *
1,«
2.0
2.0
2.5
1.1
i.e*
1,3*
o.o
0.7
3,o
2.9
3.1
6.3
3.0
3.2
2.2
".2
0.6
2.7
1.3
2.5
1.3
1.3
2.2
0.2
0.0
3.6 *
3.5
2.6
3.6
2.7
3.8
1.7
0.7 *
1.7
2.6
2.2 *
3.3
1.8
1.8
2.1
1.3
1.1
2.3
1.8
8.9 *
0.0
1.5
0.6
1.0
3.2
3.5 *
3.5
5.5
2.5
2.8
2.0
3.9
1.0
1.3
0.3
0.6
2.1
2.5
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.7
3.0
1.5
0.9
2.9 *
3.5
2.8
6.7 *
1.0 *
1.7
2.1
2.5
1.3
1.2
1.3 *
1.2
0.2
0.7
0.0
2.2
0.1
0.6
2.7
2.8
2.2
6.1
!
1
i
,
,
1
1
1
1
i
i
j
:
i
'
!
I
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
NITRATES
Dl.JAN.7b THROUGH 31.OEC.76
DATE
SITE
103
106
108
112
115
118
124
9/18/76
9/21X>6
9/24/76
9/27/76
9/30/76
IB/ 3/76
IB/ 6/76
IB/ 9/76
10/12/76
10/15/76
10/16/76
10/21/76
10/24/76
10/27/76
IB/30/76
ll/ 2/76
ll/ 5/76
ll/ 8/76
11/11/76
11/14/76
11/17/76
11/20/76
11/23/76
11/26/76
11/29/76
18/ 2/76
12/ 5/76
12/ 8/76
12/11/76
12/14/76
12/17/76
12/20/76
12/23/76
12/26/76
12/29/76
6.7
2.5
4.7
3.5
5.8
6.2
3.2
5.0
2.7
2.0
2.9
1.4
2.6
5.3
2.
3.
3. *
a,
3.
8.
3,4
4.7
3.2 *
1.6
1.9
5.2
7.4
10.0
6.4
4.
i!
0.
3.
1.
6.6
2.0
4.9
3.7
4.5
6.4
3.0
5.3 »
2.1
2.4
3.5 .
2.2
2.7
6.1
2.0
4.7
2.9 *
2.4
4.1
9.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
1.3
2.2
5.8
8.8
9.5
7.1
4.6
3.6
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.9
5.1
2.1
5.5
2.9
4.0
5,2
2.4
4.9
3.4 *
2.3
3.2
1.4
2.4
5.6
1.8
3.0
2.1 *
1.7
3.8
8.6
3.2
3.4
3.2
1.4 *
2.0
5.6
7.1
8.2
6.1
3.1
2.9
1,7
1,1
1.2
1.5
6.6
2.1
3.2
2.6
5.3
0.5
2.4
5.6
3.6
1.9
2.8
2.2
3.0
5.2
2.4
3.9
2.4 *
2.4
3.5
6.9
3.4
3.7
3.2
1.6
1.8
5.8
3.4
8.8
6.8
5,3
3.2
1.9
1.1
1.5
1.8
5.6
2.0
5.9
2.5
3.5
5.7
2.8
5.4
3.0
1.8 »
3.0
2.0
2.2
5.3
1.8
3.3
2.1 *
1,6
3,6
8.6
3.2
2.7
2.9
1.4
1.8
4.9
7.2
5.9
8,0
3.6
2,9
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.6
4,4
1.7
3.9
2.8
5.4
5.2
2.3
4.7
3.2
2,0
3.0
2.0
2.5
4.8
2.6
3.8
3.0 *
2.7
4.3
7.4
3.6
3.5
2.9
1.6
1.9
4.8
6.7
7.6
5.8
2.8
3.3
1.9
1,1
1."
1.5
4.3
2.4
5.0
4.7
4.1
6.4
3.6
4.3
2.1
3.2 *
3.0
5.0
1.0
4.4
1,8 *
3.3
2.6 *
2.1
3.9 *
3.2
3.9 *
4.2
1.4
1.2
6.0
5.5
8.?
3. a
2.9
3.6
2.2 *
1.5
1."
1.3
4,4
2.1
5.3
3,4
3.3
4.7
1.9
1.5
3.2
1.7
3,0
4.5
2.2
3.1
2,4 *
2.1
3.8
9. a
2.9
2.5
3.2
1.9
2,5
5.6
7,9
7.3
6,4
3,3
3.2
1.7
1,3
1.3
1.6 *
5.8
1.3
2.8
4.1
4.6
3.7
2.9
6,2
3.2
1.5
3.7 *
21.5 *
5.3
5.0
2.6
3.5
2.4 *
3.1
3.0
8.6
3.3
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.8 *
5.3
6.4
7.8
5.8
4.3
4.0
1.8
1.2
1.4
1.8 *
3.2
2.7
5.1
4.3
3.5
3.4
3.6
4.7
2.4
3.1
3.4
2.1 *
2.2
5.3
1.6
3.1
2.3 *
2.0
1,2
9.0
2.9
It A
M • "
3.5
1.1
2.1
5.8
7.2
6.7
5,8
4.1
2.1
2.1
1.6
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARYl
NITRATES
fll-JAN-76 THROUGH 31-DEC-76
STATISTICS
» DBS
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SO£V
GEO MEAN
GEO SDEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTIONi
< 5.
5.
10,
15
20,
30!
35.
IB.
15.
20.
25.
30.
35.
00.
> 40.
103
112
3.9
2.0
3.5
1.65
12.?
7/26/76
87
23
2
0
0
0
0
71
0
105
117
1.0
2.1
3.6
1.60
12.9
8/13/76
89
27
1
Pi
0
0
0
0
P>
106
118
3.5
2.1
3.0
1.71
15.1
1/30/76
96
20
1
1
0
0
0
21
0
108
116
3.7
2.2
3.1
1.85
12.1
7/29/76
89
21
3
0
0
0
fl
0
0
112
116
t|8
3.0
1.70
8.6
11/14/76
94
22
0
01
0
0
0
0
PI
115
113
3.3
1.7
3.0
1.62
8.7
8/13/76
96
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
{»
118
3.0
1.8
2.6
1.87
10,8
2/ 6/76
98
15
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
120
113
3.2
1.8
2,8
1.68
9.1
?/ 6/76
97
16
0
71
0
HI
0
0
0
122
117
3.6
2.1
3.1
1.69
21.5
10/21/76
96
19
1
0
1
3
0
0
0
121
110
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.92
9.0
11/10/76
96
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICUIATE SUMMARY!
TOTAL SHSBEMllfiO PAHTK.ijl.ATES (TSP)
JM-JAN.77 THROUGH 3].HAR-77
DATE
SITE
103
105
lf»6
108
112
115
118
120
122
I/ 1/77
\f 4/77
I/ 7/77
1/10/77
1/13/77
1/16/77
1/19/77
l/?2/77
1/25/77
1/28/77
1/31/77
2/ 3/77
2/ 6/77
2/ 9/77
2/12/77
2/15/77
2/18/77
2/21/77
2/?4/77
2/27/77
3/ 2/77
3/ 5/77
S/ 8/77
3/11/77
3/14/77
3/17/77
J/20/77
3/23/77
3/26/77
3/29/77
51.
57.
73.
56.
50.
33.
53.
75.
61.
72.
63.
57.
45.
108,
4t.
61.
127.
70.
46.
5.
71.
130.
45.
153.
71.
48.
en.
118.
126.
7 »
8
a
3
-------
RAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARYI
TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICIPATES fTSP)
01-JAN-77 THROUGH 3J.MAR-77
i
vo •
STATISTICS
103
105
106
108
112
its
118
120
122
I2a
« DBS
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SDEV
6EO MEAN
6EO SDEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION!
< 25.
25.- 50.
50,- 75.
75. -100.
100, -125.
125. -150.
150. -175.
175. -200.
>20n.
29
71.4
33.4
62.5
1.83
153. 0
3/14/77
1
6
14
2
2
3
1
0
tl
30
81.7
33.5
75.7
1.49
172.2
3/14/77
0
3
11
q
2
4
1
0
0
30
69.2
36.6
62.6
1.50
194.3
1/28/77
0
11
11
2
1
2
0
1
0
30
71.3
50.5
59.3
1.79
?18.4
3/ 8/77
if
13
10
0
2
2
1
1
1
30
56.7
28.9
51.4
1.54
161.0
3/14/77
3
16
a
4
i
0
i
0
n
30
44.0
2«.l
39. fl
1.62
118.7
3/14/77
4
18
3
4
1
a
t>
ci
M
29
43.5"
1«.2
41.1
1.35
92.7
3/29/77
V
23
5
1
0
0
0
i»
V
30
49,9
26.5
44,9
1.56
123.4
t/ 1/77
2
IB
6
1
3
en
0
0
a
30
38.2
22.0
33.6
1.64
107.4
3/14/77
10
14
4
1
1
fl-
0
0
0
1«
3«,3
9.5
33.0
1.34
5«.2
2/12/77
3
10
1
0
0
0
0
0
-------
RAMS/RAPS PANICULATE
•U-JAN-77 THROUGH 3J.MAR.77
DATE
\ SITE
105
115
lie
122
120
I/ 1/77
I/ «/77
I/ 7/77
1/1U/77
1/13/77
1/16/77
1/19/77
1/22/77
1/25/77
1/28/77
1/31/77
2/ 3/77
2/ 6/77
2/ 9/77
2/12/77
2/15/77
2/18/77
2/21/77
2/20/77
2/27/77
3/ 2/77
3/ 5/77
3/ 8/77
3/11/77
3/10/77
3/17/77
3/20/77
3/23/77
3/26/77
3/29/77
6.
19.
12.
10.
1?.
5.
12.
10.
9.
6.
12.
".
7.
13.
7.
10.
1 1.
8.
0.
3.
20.
8.
10.
13.
7.
11.
10.
8.
7.
6 *
0
q
7
a
8
2
9
Q
6
2
0
1
0
51
U
?
0
9
6
1 *
1
1
0
0
1
9
8
2
6.5)
28.9
16.6 *
8.3
13.2
5.3
9.0
16.2
6.0
5.5
6.0 *
7.7
12.2
13.8
11.8
8.0
7.2
8.9
5.2
8.2
10.1 *
7.9
7.0
12.5
9.6
6.5
11.3
7.9
B.5
5.3
5.0 *
16.?
11.2
7.6
9.8
5.7
7.0
12.9
7.1
5.5
5.1
6.9
5.8
10.7
8.6
5.9
7.7
1?.9 *
5,6
P.I
7.6
7.2
1?.3
11.0
7.2
6.8
10.2
5.9
8.0
5.3 *
5.o *
11.8
12.3
7.5
16,5
6.6
12.*
11.9
9.8 *
5.9
7.6
6.9
6.0
22.3
l«.o
5.9
12.1
17.0
10.1 *
8.7
7.0
7,8
15. P) *
13.0
10.3
8.0
10.8
7, 1
10.0
8.2 *
5.1
15.7
11.9
8.3 »
9.5 »
6.?
8.3' *
13.7
6.8
5.7
5.0
6.1
6.3
7.1
7.7
6.1
6.0
7.7
0.9
7.1
9.0
7.5
7.2
10.9
11 .0
6.5 »
9.0
6.2
7.5
5.2
6.9
11.6
?3.7 »
7.5
6.1
8.5
9.2
9.0
6.8
8.7
6.7
7.0
5.7
12.0
8,0
7.5
7.2
7.3
5.6
8.8
0.6
9.5
11.3 *
10.3
6.8
6.7
10.6
6.7 *
8.8
5.6
6.9
11.9
10,3
8.51
8.8
6. 1
8.0
11. «
7.7
6.3
7.1
9,0 *
9.3
10.2
10,9 *
8.3
6.0
5.2
7.0
9.0
6.7
7.0
10.6
7.2
6.6
9.7
5.1
7.8
0.0
9.6
10.6
7.1 *
6.2
10.9 *
6.1
6, 1 *
10,6
6,3
6.7 *
3.3
6.8
5.6
8.8
8.0
6.6
6.0
9.7 *
5.5 *
7.6
7,6
7.6
0,8
9.9
5.5
7,?
12.7
o.o
6.3
3.0
6.S
12.8
8.5
10.9
9.0
6.1
8.0
9.9
5.3
0,8
5.6
6,6
3.8
11,1
10,0
5.5
6.9
8.2
16.5 *
7.1
7.7
7.7
7.1
10.3
8.6
5.8
9.0
6.1
8.8
5,5
6,6 *
13,0
10.9
7,1
9.7 *
6.0
1".6 *
5.
-------
HAMS/RAPS PARTICIPATE SUMMARY!
SULFATES
01-JAN-77 THROUGH 31-M4R-77
O
STATISTICS
103
IP'S
106
115
123
12"
« OBS
ARITH MEAN
ARITH SDEV
GEO MEAN
CEO SDEV
ANNUAL MAX
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBUTION!
< 5.
5.- If).
10,- 15.
15.- 2B.
20'.- 25.
25.- 3<".
30.- J5.
35.- 00.
30
10. 1
3.9
9. «;
1.16
2PM
V 2/77
2
13
13
1
1
Pi
0
n
(*
30
9.7
«.*
8.9
I.a9
29.9
I/ a/77
P
2*
7
?
fi
1
a
^
n
if
e.3
2.8
7.9
1.37
16.2
I/ a/77
VI
22
7
1
P
0
PI
0
PI
3B
10.2
3.9
9.6
l.«2
22.3
?/ 9/77
P
IS
11
3
«
d
fl
0.
P
3Pi
7.9
2.*
7.5
1.3U
15.7
I/ a/77
1
2a
a
1
n
p
B
01
PI
3^
e.5
3."
9.1
1.37
23.7
I/ 7/77
1
23
5
t*
1
u
51
C!
71
29
".2
2.3
7.9
Lit
10.9
2/12/77
1
22
6
a
pi
0
?
PI
a
30
7. «
2.6
7.0
l.«?
10.6
I/ U/77
a
22
a
PI
0
f
0
P1
ft
30
8.B
2.6
7.6
1.36
16.5
P/20/77
2
22
5
1
n
0
0
PI
0
1«
8.3
2.a
8.0
1.32
13.0
I/ 0/77
0
10
0
0
e i
0
0
0
0
-------
tllTWMFS
iM-JAN-77 IHRHUGH ii-MAP-77
QATF
\ SITE
103
1*5
1 12
115
lib
121
I/ 1/77
]/ 0/77
I/ 7/77
1/K-/77
1/13/77
1/16/77
1/19/77
1/22/77
1/25/77
1/28/77
1/31/77
2/ 3/77
2/ 6/77
2/ 9/77
2/12/77
2/15/77
2/18/77
2/21/77
2/20/77
2/27/77
3/ 2/77
3/ 5/77
3/ 8/77
3/11/77
3/11/77
3/17/77
3/3W/77
3/23/77
3/26/77
3/29/77
2.5 *
5.1
7.1
3.1
1.5
1.1
3.5
7.5
?.2
2.7
2.6
S.«
O.o
5.0
3.0
1.7
6.6
3.9
1.2
0.1
3.9 *
3.7
1.1
5.2
3.1
5.1
3.2
*.i
1.6
2.6
3.8
6.5 *
3.0
1.9
1.1
3,fl
9.0
'.1
1.1
3.1 *
6.1
5.1
5.2
1.3
3.5
6.7
".1
1.2
1.2
8.0 *
3.6
3.5
1.9
5.0
1.1
5.5
3.7
6.5
2.6
1.5 *
1.5
7. 1
3.n
1.1
1.3
3.2
8.3
2.1
1.1
2.8
5.3
1.3
0.0
3.6
3.1
6.5
1.3 *
1.0
3.9
5.3
3.0
3.1
2.6
1.*
3.6
5.0
3.1
1.6
1.1 *
2.6 *
3.9
6.1
3.5
1.3
1.1
3.6
9.2
3.3 »
1.0
3.1
6.5
5.3
5.5
1.8
3.3
9.2
1.5
1.3 *
0.0
6.8
2.8
6.0 *
2.3
1.7
3,5
1.1
3.0
6.3
2.2 *
2.1
0.2
7.8
3.9 *
3.8 *
1.1
2.7 *
°.3
2.2
0.9
2.7
5.3
1.1
3.5
«.l
3.7
6,6
3.9
1.1
3.5
6.2
2.9
2.9
1.5
3.8
3.0*
0.5
2.9
1,8
2.3
2.1
l.f
8.1*
2.9
1.3
3.7
3.6
7.8
?,?
1.1
2.P
5.7
1.9
6.8
1.9
2.9
7.2
1.1
1.1
3.7
2.0
2.8
6.8 *
2.3
5.6
3.7
1.8
3.0 *
5.0
2.6
2.5
3.5
7.2
3.2
1. 1
1.8
3.?
7.3
1.9
1.0
2.6
5.1 *
5.9
0.1
0.5 *
3,u
i.l
0.9
3.1
5.8
3.2
3.0
1.9
3.1
3.8
1.0
3.8
5.8
1.7
5.0
1.1
0,6 *
2.9
0,9*
1,5
3.1 *
8', 0
2.8
0,9 *
2.8
5.9
U.2
2.5
u.l
3.9
6,8
1.5 *
1.2 *
1.1
5,6
2.9
3,1
1.6
0.0
3.8
1.8
2.9
5.3
2.1
2.8
3.9
1.6
3.0
2.0
1.0
3.6
5.5
2.2
a. 8
2.9
6.8
1,9
5.8
5.0
3.0
7,6
5.1
2.2 *
1.1
7.1
2.6
3.9
2.1
5.1
o.l
1.3
3.6
5.1
2.5
2.0 » ,
2.6
6.1
2.7
.0.7 *
1.1
6.8 * :
2,1 '
t».7
3.3
5.6 j
6,6 i
1.5 *
5.1
|
I
• !
1
1
* Indicates Samples of less than 24 hours
-------
RAMS/BAPS PARTICJL&TE SUMMARY*
NITRATES
U1~JAN=77 THROUGH Jl-HAR-77
— J
o
CO
STATISTICS
a OBS
ARITh MEAN
ARITH S"EV
CEO "EAM
GEO SOEV
ANNUAL MA»
DATE OF MAX
DISTRIBIITIONj
< 5.
5.- 1H.
1H.- 1S0
15.- ,.20..
• 20.- 2S.
25.- "3*.
33.- 31?.
35.- ud.
> ua.
1PJ3
3"
3.9
3il
2.21
7, 5
1/22/77
21
Q
PI
(»
Cl
n
fi
a
PI
105
jrt
0,3
1.9
3,9
1.69
9."
1/22/77
2"
1C"
3
n
0
!»
3
V
1P6
3PI
3,6
1."
3.1
1.75
S.3
1/22/77
2"
6
Pi
^
3
PI
C"
Pi
0
ine
30
1.3
2, H
J. B
1.7C1
9.2
2/16/77
21
9
t»
,1
f
?
n
n
.' ?
112
33
3.7
1.9
3.3
1.7P"
1/22/77
25
S
-1
1
^
n
("
«
3
115
3?
a. pi
1.9
3, ft
1.69
".1
I/ 7/77
22
a,
if
71
•7>
?
9
"I
a
118
29
3.7
1.6
3.3
1.67
7.3
1/22/77
23
6
3
3
3
4
PI
PI
51
120
30
3.8
1 o 6
3,0
1 «65
Po P
1/22/77
21
6
P>
3
PI
PI
f?
I/I
PI
122
30
3o 9
1,7
3.5
1.69
786
2/18/77
21
9
7!
d
0
PI
3
3
3
12U
11
3.9
2. a
3,3
1 o 9a
6.8
1/22/7?
9
5
PI
0
PI
0
0
PJ
0
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-003
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
High Volume Filter Measurements of Suspended Particulate
Matter
5. REPORT DATE
January 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E. Nelson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Environmental Monitoring & Services Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order 101
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Enviornmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Ten of the 25 stations making up the Regional Air Monitoring System were equipped
th dichotomous samplers and high volume filter samplers for aerosol measurements.
The high volume samplers collected samples every third day for 24-hour periods (0000-
2400). Sample filters were returned to a chemical laboratory where weights of total
suspended particulate (TSP) were determined, and wet chemical analyses performed for
sulfates and nitrates. A total of 2358 samples were obtained between March 1975 and
March 1977. The report describes both the operation of the sampling network, in-
cluding equipment maintenance, and analysis and quality control procedures and results.
Analyses were made to determine seasonal and spatial variations of the three para-
meters measured. The station geometric mean concentrations of TSP varied from 33.0 to~
90.9 yg m"3, sulfate ranged from 7.0 to 12.7 yg m , and nitrate from 2.3 to 3.8 yg nf
Sulfate showed the greatest seasonal variation, peaking in the summer months, and
nitrate the least, with no consistent patterns discernable.
An Appendix lists all individual sampling results obtained. These data are
stored in the RAPS Data Bank in Research Triangle Park, N.C.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Weight(mass)
*Sul fates
*Inorganic nitrates
*Seasonal variations
*Spatial distribution
13B
07D
07B
04B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
112
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
104
------- |