EPA-600/3-76-075
September 1976
Ecological Research Series
THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON
ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and animal
species, and materials. Problems are assessed for their long- and short-term
influences. Investigations include formation, transport, and pathway studies to
determine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work provides the technical
basis for setting standards to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms
in the aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/3-76-075
September 1976
THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ON ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
by
Jeffrey L. Lincer
Marita E. Haynes
Marian L. Klein
Mote Marine Laboratory
Sarasota, Florida 33581
Project Officer
Cynthia M. Herndon
Environmental Research Laboratory
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
GULF BREEZE, FLORIDA 32561
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Research Laboratory,
Gulf Breeze, Florida, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved
for publication. Approval'does not signify that the contents necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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ABSTRACT
^ i
This review and indexed bibliography concerns the presence and effects of
pesticides (i.e., insecticides, herbicides, fungicides,,etc.) and industrial
toxicants in the estuarine ecosystem. The industrial toxicants refer,
primarily, to polychlorinated biphenyls, but phthalate esters, polychlori-
nated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are also -.,
discussed. The review covers literature of the last decade, with emphasis
on the most recent 5 years. However, the 700-plus references in the bibli-
ography span a much wider range. A permuted keyword retrieval system
(SPINDEX) is provided to allow practical use of the bibliography by
scientists, academicians, and societal decision makers.
ill
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CONTENTS
Section Page
I Introduction 1
II Characteristics of Synthetic Organic Compounds in the
Estuarine Ecosystems ... 11
Persistence 11
Bioaccumulation 13
Biomagnification 19
Metabolism 21
III Presence of Synthetic Organic Compounds in Estuaries .... 27
General 27
Geographic Distribution 62
IV Toxicological Effects of Synthetic Organic Compounds
on Estuarine Life 65
Pesticides 65
Industrial Toxicants 87
Synergism and Modifying Effects 94
Effects at the Community and Ecosystem Levels 95
V Are There Allowable Levels? ... 98
VI Recommended Research 100
Maintain Productive Ongoing Programs ..... 100
Significance of Residues 100
Establish Cooperative Efforts 101
Specific Compounds 101
v
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Areas of Research 102
Philosophy and Bureaucracy 10^
VII Bibliography 105
VIII Appendix « 162
Addendum to Bibliography 162
Subject Profile Index
VI
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LIST OF TABLES
Number
1
2
U. S. Production of Synthetic Organic Pesticides
by Class, 1967-1973
Domestic Disappearance of Selected Pesticides at
Producers' Level. United States. 1966-1973 .
Page
i
6
7
3 U. S. Production of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's) and
Polychlorinated Terphenyls (PCT's) by Monsanto
Industrial Chemical Company for Years 1959-1973 .... 8
4 Consumption of Plasticizers by Type 10
5 Observed Metabolic Conversions of Synthetic Organic
Compounds by Estuarine/Marine Organisms Under
Controlled Conditions 22
6 Presence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Estuarine/Marine
Fishes 28
7 Presence of Organochlorine Pesticides in Fish-Eating Birds . 39
8 Presence of Industrial Toxicants in Estuarine/Marine Fishes . 55
9 Presence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish-Eating Birds . 58
10 Relative Sensitivity of Typical Estuarine Organisms to
Three Major Groups of Pesticides 66
11 Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides on Estuarine Organisms . 67
12 Effects of Organophosphate Pesticides on Estuarine Organisms 71
13 Effects of Carbamate Pesticides on Estuarine Organisms ... 72
14 Effects of Herbicides, Bacteriocides, and Other Pesticides
on Estuarine Organisms 73
15 Some Typical Effects of Industrial Toxicants on
Estuarine/Marine Organisms 88
16 An Overview of the Field-Testing of Pesticides in the
Estuarine Ecosystem 96
vii
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and
the Mote Marine Laboratory. The interest and patience of the EPA Project
Officer, Mrs. Cynthia Herndon, is gratefully acknowledged.
Being able to screen, acquire and review so many publications in the short
period of a year was only possible because of the tremendous cooperation we
received from many individuals. The authors would like to thank the
following people for their time and energies and for making their files
and libraries available to us.
Mr. Allen Baldridge, Librarian, University of Miami, Rosenstiel
Institute of Marine Science Library, Miami, Florida
Ms. Susan Barrick, Librarian, and her staff, Virginia Institute of
Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia
Mrs. Mildred Blake, Data Processing Instructor, Sarasota Vocational
Technical School, Sarasota, Florida
Dr. Eric Boehm, American Bibliographical Center, ABC-Clio Press,
Santa Barbara, California
Mrs. Sally Craven, Librarian, and her staff, Documents Division,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
Dr. Ann Edwards, Stanford/Hopkins Marine Laboratory, Monterey,
California
Mrs. Lois Farrell, Librarian, Agriculture Library, University of
California-Berkeley
Ms. Jane Fessenden, Librarian, and her staff, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Marine Biological Laboratory Library,
Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Mrs. Cecelia Fugelister, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Documents Division Library, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
Mr. Paul Fuschini, EPA Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Beth Fuseler, Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Library, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts
vin
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Miss Rose Gameche, Librarian, Water Quality Laboratory Library,
Narragansett Bay Campus, University of Rhode Island
Mr. Dan Giddings, Librarian, Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Library,
La Jolla, California
Mr. Ralph Hester, NIEHS Librarian, Research Triangle, Raleigh,
North Carolina
Dr. Wu Ling Lee, Librarian, Division of Toxicology, University of
California-Davis
Dr. Edward Lehmann, NTIS, Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Ellen MacCormick, Librarian, Nova University Oceanography
Laboratory Library, Dania, Florida
Mrs. Coyla McCullough, EPA Library, Research Triangle, Raleigh,
North Carolina
Ms. Jean Monroe, Reference Librarian, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, La Jolla, California
Dr. .John Merrill, Department of Natural Science, New College,
Sarasota, Florida
Dr. Mary Sears, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole,
Massachusetts
Dr. Evelyn Sinha, Ocean Engineering Information Service, La Jolla,
California
Mr. Robert Sivers, Librarian, Science-Technology Division,
University of California-Santa Barbara
Dr. Lucille Stickel, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel,
Maryland
Mr. William Stickel, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel,
Maryland
Mr. John Sylvester, Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Miami, Florida
Mr. Steve Tibbitt, NOAA Environmental Data Service, Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Ann Valmas, Librarian, EPA, Gulf Breeze Laboratory, Florida
We would also like to thank the following staff members for carrying out
their data reduction, secretarial, and editorial skills in a dedicated
fashion: L. Erdoesy, D. Johnson, J. Lehman, P. Morrissey and D. Rowan.
A special thanks goes to one of our student interns, M. Emanuelsen, for
his contribution to the sections on cytology and histology.
ix
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SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE REVIEW
The objectives of this publication are to provide: (1) a fairly compre-
hensive state-of-the-art review on the impact of synthetic organic
compounds (SOC's) on the estuarine ecosystem, and, (2) a useful (i.e.,
workable), keyword accessible bibliography dealing with the same subject.
The limitations of such an effort become obvious as soon as one tries to
decide exactly where an estuary ends and where the freshwater and marine
habitats begin. The vast majority of fin- and shellfishes, which are
valuable from a commercial or sport standpoint, require estuarine residence
during some critical period of their life cycle. In addition, many
organisms (e.g., salmon, trout, lampreys and eels) spend varying periods
of time in the estuaries en route to their spawning grounds; a point in
their life when sublethal, reproductive effects could be especially
critical. For this reason, a broad interpretation of 'estuarine species'
was taken and, in several cases, freshwater species, congeneric to their
estuarine counterparts, were considered. This was especially the case
when little or no data were available for the latter.
Since the objective of this study was a state-of-the-art presentation,
emphasis in the review was placed on the literature of the past 5 to 10
years. However, in order to maximize utility, many older references may
be found in the BIBLIOGRAPHY (Section VIII) and accessed by subject
through the SUBJECT PROFILE INDEX (Section IX).
APPROACH TO THE LITERATURE
Our approach to the literature involved primarily three methods of
searching:
1. A core of reprints at the Mote Marine Laboratory (Sarasota Facility)
provided initial citations and from these evolved a main list of
authors. Abstracts and indexes were consulted continuously throughout
the search as they appeared in different locations and from them new
references were gleaned. Other relevant resources such as pro-
ceedings, transactions, government reports, etc. were also indexed
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from these sources. Some of the more productive abstracts and
indexes were:
Aquatic Sciences Abstracts: Contains important information
oriented toward specific species' problems.
Chemical Abstracts/Index: These report important information
regarding the chemical elements involved and additional
sources are easily traced.
Commercial Fisheries Abstracts: Current information on specific
marine species.
Monthly Catalog (Government Documents): This gives access to
government research and recent GPO publications such as
bibliographies, indexes concerned with the topic of interest
and was extremely important as a secondary source.
Pollution Abstracts; Good source from both chemical and species
retrieval.
Science Citation Index: This was an important source for
locating authors and published works in the immediate
field of interest.
Zoological Record: This proved to be an excellent presenta-
tion with taxonomic, topical and geographic indexing;
easily handled.
2. Our approach to the literature, however, involved primarily combing
the holdings of the major libraries and research institutions in
the United States that had some emphasis in the marine area (see
Acknowledgement section). The major emphasis was on on-site
searching of card catalogs and relevant periodicals which was
performed at each location. Both periodical listings and mono-
graphs were unique to each location. For example: MBL Library,
Woods Hole, is particularly rich in foreign holdings; EPA-Raleigh -
industrial health; Univ. of Florida - government documents; UC-
Davis,"toxicology; NOAA Bureau of Fisheries - fish and fishing;
Scripps - oceanography, and; VIMS - coastal development.
3. During the last few months of the study, various data bases were com-
puter searched as a cleanup operation and to check on the completeness
of our manual approach. The data bases and searching organizations
were as follows:
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Organi zation/System
Data Base
U.S. Dept. Commerce
NOAA
Environmental Data Service
(OASIS)
Environmental Science
Information Center (D832)
Page Bldg. Two
3300 Whitehaven St., NW
Washington, D. C. 20235
U.S. Dept. Commerce
National Technical Information
Center
Springfield, Va. 22151
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs
Technical Services Division
Washington, D. C. 20460
National Oceanographic
Data Center Biological
Information Systems (
(BIRS)
Oceanic Index (01)
Toxic Materials (TOXMAT)
TOXLINE
Selected Water Resources
Abstracts (SWRA)
National Agricultural
Library (CAIN)
NTISearch
On- and Off-line
Data Bases
As secondary references were obtained from computor data bases, during
the course of the searching, they were posted along with the other
references alphabetically and retrieved wherever the appropriate
periodical or book appeared. Since data were still coming in from these
bases, providing current up-dated material, a-,final list was compiled
and sent back to the Woods Hole MBL Library for retrieval.
! , » , .'
Once the references were obtained, each was read and assigned from 4 to
7 key words using the SPINDEX (Subject Profile Index) system, as sug-
gested by the American Bibliographical Center (Santa, Barbara, California).
Key words included: subject; taxa; chemicals,and; effects. Geographic
location was added in cases of a field study. These key words were then
permuted and alphabetized using an IBM 1401 computor and AUTOCODER
language. In this form (Section IX), approximately 700 references in
the bibliography (Section VIII) become readily available to the user
by subject and location.
BACKGROUND ' '
For our purposes here, the term "synthetic organic compounds" refers to
manmade compounds and includes, but is not restricted to, pesticides,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and phthalate
esters (PAE's) as well as toxic contaminants of some of these, like
chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans.
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The "estuarine ecosystem" has been variously defined, but for the sake of
simplicity it will be considered as that zone of interface where fresh
and salt water mix. This estuarine ecosystem serves a vital function in
that most marine finfish and shellfish depend on a high quality estuary
for some critical portion of their life history (678, 684). In addition,
many salmonids, shad and other anadromous fishes spend a variable amount
of time in this habitat before ascending the rivers to spawn. The same
is true for catadromous species, such as the eel, which migrate from fresh
water to the sea to reproduce.
Unfortunately, the oceans are the recipients and ultimate accumulation
sites for persistent pollutants like organochlorines (530, 685). In fact,
an estimated 25 percent of all DDT applied to the land has found its way
to the sea (721). Risebrough and his co-workers (529) indicate that 11
tons of DDT per year is transported down the Mississippi River to the
Gulf of Mexico alone. Because of their unique physical and chemical
characteristics, estuaries tend to be "toxicant traps". The detritus
which forms the base of the estuarine food chain may contain up to 50 ppm
total DDT (471), and Woodwell, et al. (656) estimated that total estuarine
ecosystem levels as high as 14.7 kg/hectare were possible.
DDT and other synthetic organics are termed "toxic" when, because of
their physical or chemical properties, they interfere with normal biolog-
ical functions. The interference can occur at any level, whether it be
as subtle as pesticide-induced decreased growth in oysters or as gross
as reproductive failure in bald eagles or mass fish mortality. There are
naturally occurring toxic substances, which include such things as the
resin from certain plants and the toxin(s) associated with red tide or-
ganisms. By far, however, most deleterious substances find their origin
with modern day man and his efforts to promote "progress."
A logical breakdown of synthetic organic compounds which are considered
in this paper along with available production and/or consumption infor-
mation follows:
1. Pesticides are chemicals which kill organisms identified as
"pests" and include insecticides, fungicides, piscicides, herbicides,
miticides, etc. Insecticides are commonly broken down into: (a) organo-
chlorines (chlorinated hydrocarbons), like DDT, aldrin, dieldrin,
heptachlor, toxaphene and chlordane; (b) organophosphates, like malathion,
parathion, diazinon and guthion; and (c) carbamates, like Sevin and
zectran. Fungicides include such things as dithiocarbamates (e.g., ferbam
and ziram), nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g., phenylmercuric acetate),
triazines, quinones, heterocyclics and inorganics like the heavy metals.
Hexachlorobenzene (CgClg or HCB) is a fungicide but is, in addition, used
in organic synthesis processes. Herbicides are quite varied, with the
most common being the phenoxy acids like 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. Frequently
used aquatic herbicides include endothal and diquat, which are often used
in combination with a surfactant.
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The U. S. production of the major synthetic organic pesticides for 1967
through 1973 is reproduced in Table 1. In 1971, the production of syn-
thetic organic insecticides in the United States climbed nearly 14 per-
cent from the year before, reaching the third highest on record (689).
Insecticides accounted for 49 percent of the tonnage of synthetic pesti-
cides produced. As can be seen in Table 1, the trend did not continue
but production took a significant leap in 1973 (preliminary data).
Although it would have been interesting to follow the trends of specific
insecticides, like DDT and parathion, production data were withheld to
avoid disclosure. However, the aldrin-toxaphene and organophosphorous
groups have shown a continued increase in production since 1970 and 1971,
respectively.
Table 2 reveals the domestic disappearance of selected pesticides for the
years 1966 through 1973. Except for the aldrin-toxaphene group, and re-
cently, copper sulfate and the 2,4-D group, there is a fairly consistent
downward trend. Domestic disappearance of DDT, for instance, was
5.99 x 1()6 kg in 1971 which was a decrease of approximately 33 percent from
1970. The most obvious decrease in domestic use is reflected by a comparison
of the 1972 and 1973 DDT data (1.04 x 10? kg and 4.54 x 10$ kg, respectively).
Conversely, copper sulfate and the 2,4-D group showed an increase in U. S.
use but the aldrin-toxaphene group did not. This is particularly interesting
in view of the increased production of the latter group during 1973 over 1972
(approximately 2.27 x 10° kg). In 1973 2.81 x 10' kg of the
aldrin-toxaphene group were exported; an increase of 1.45 x 10' kg over
1972 (214).
2. "Industrial Toxicants" is a catchall term that has been variously
subdivided. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are chlorinated compounds
which find use in almost every sector of modern man's world and have
recently come under close scrutiny (172, 2405 254, 260, 322, 467, 490,
492, 528, 532, 664). In the past, they have been used in such diverse
products as printer's ink to swimming pool paint. Although a voluntary
curtailment by Monsanto has restricted their use, a recent renewal of
interest has been sparked by PCB's being found in unexplainable parts of
the ecosystem and in high levels.
PCB's and PCT's (polychlorinated terphenyls) are produced under the trade
name Aroclor®by Monsanto in the United States. PCB production peaked
during the period 1967-1970 (Table 3). PCT production shows a similar,
but later, production peak during 1970-1971. PCT's are no longer being
produced and the manufacture of PCB's is directed exclusively towards the
heat transfer, transformer and capacitor sales categories. 'In an effort
to overcome some of the potential environmental problems of existing
biphenyls, Aroclor 1016 was produced. Approximately 23.5 million pounds
of Aroclor 1016 were sold domestically in 1973. The 1973 sales for
Aroclors 1221, 1242 and 1254 were recorded at 0.04, 6.20 and 9.98 million
pounds, respectively. All other PCB's showed no domestic sales (personal
communication)*.
*
Mr. W. B. Papageorge, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri.
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Table 1. U. S. PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC PESTICIDES BY CLASS, 1967-1973*
(In thousands of pounds)
Fungicides
Herbicides
Insecticides,
fumigants, .
rodenticidesd
Total
1967
177,886
439,965
503,796
1,121,647
1968
190,773
499,574°
581,619
1,271,966C
1969
182,091
423,840
580,884
1,186,815°
1970
168,470
434,241
495,432
1,098,143C
1971
180,270
458,849
564,818
1,203,937
1972
170,569
481,618
569,157
1 ,220,926°
1973b
193,362
526,109
643,115
1,362,586
Fowler and Maban (214, 689).
b Preliminary data.
c Revised.
" Includes small quantity of synthetic soil conditioners; does not include the fumigants carbon
tetrachloride, paradichlorobenzene or inorganic rodenticides.
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Table 2. DOMESTIC DISAPPEARANCE OF SELECTED PESTICIDES AT PRODUCERS' LEVEL, UNITED STATES, 1966-1973a
(In thousands of pounds)
Pesticide
Aldrin-toxaphene
Calcium arsenate
Copper sulfate
DDT
Lead arsenate
2,4-D
2,4,5-T
1966D
86
2
104
45
6
63
17
,646
,942
,020
,603
,944
,903
,080
1967b
86,289
2,329
85,274
40,257
6,152
66,955
15,381
1968b
38,710
1,992
87,452
28,253
4,747
68,404
15,804
1969C
89,721
2,117
99,840
25,756
7,721
49,526
3,218
1970C
62,282
2,900
77,344
20,457
5,860
46,942
4,871
1971C
85,005
2,457
70,272
13,234
4,142
32,174
1,389
1972C
105
1
72
23
5
23
,980
,751
,214
,546
,024
,179
498
1973C
89
1
90
1
3
40
2
,362
,299
,878
,053
,005
,011
,514
J Fowler and Mahan (214, 689).
b Year ending September 30.
Jj Year ending December 31. ^
d Includes aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, Strobane^* and toxaphene.
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Table 3. U. S. PRODUCTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS (PCB'S) AND
POLYCHLORINATED TERPHENYLS (PCT'S) BY MONSANTO INDUSTRIAL
CHEMICALS COMPANY 1959-1973a
(In thousands of pounds)
Year
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
PCB's
b
37,919
36,515
38,353
44,734
50,833
60,480
65,849
75,309
82,854
76,389
85,054
34,994
38,600
42,178
PCT's
2,996
3,850
2,322
4,468
4,920
5,288
6,470
8,190
9,450
8,870
11,600
17,768
20,212
8,134
c
Personal communication, Mr. W. B. Papageorge, Monsanto Company,
. St. Louis, Missouri.
D Data unavailable.
c Production terminated in April, 1972.
8
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Phthalate esters (PAE's) were introduced in the 1920's to overcome the
problems of camphor in the plasticizer industry. Major uses of PAE's
include construction products, automobile and home furnishings, clothing,
food coverings and medical products. Phthalates are also found in bio-
chemical pathways and several natural products such as poppies and
tobacco leaves (412, 693). The documentation that PAE's were readily
extracted into blood from plastic storage bags and other medical devices
(671) was the original basis for the fear that the human population might
be continuously exposed.
"Plasticizers" are produced by a variety of manufacturers; however,
phthalates (OOP, DIOP, DIDP and linear) are the major groups consumed
(Table 4). During 1972, production of phthalic anhydride esters totaled
1,145,693 pounds and sales followed closely at 1,138,493 pounds (725).
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Table 4. CONSUMPTION OF PLASTICIZERS BY TYPE3
(In thousand metric tons)
Plastlcizer 1972 1973 1974
Adi pates 28.0 28.4 27.3
Azelates 6.8 7.2 7.3
DOP/DIOP/DIDP 345.0 379.5 363.6
Epoxy 50.0 56.8 ^9.1
Linear phthalates 109.0 125.5 143.2
Polyesters 22.7 25.4 24.1
Trimellitates 8.1 8.5 10.5
Others 110.0 113.0 113.6
Total 679.6 744.3 748.7
a Anon, (672).
10
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SECTION II
CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
IN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS
PERSISTENCE
This characteristic has been discussed at length (426, 427, 544) and
specific attention has been given to the organochlorine pesticides (33,
138, 166, 396, 426, 569, 584, 637), organophosphates (405, 580),
carbamates (335) and polychlorinated biphenyls (33, 268). Although per-
sistence is critically tied to biological activity, photodecomposition,
volatization, transport, state of eutrophication, temperature, detoxifica-
tion, etc. (33, 166, 427, 544, 569), this discussion will emphasize
quantitating the length of time synthetic organic compounds remain in the
estuarine and juxtaposed ecosystems.
Menzie (426) provides a generalized table of persistence in water and
fish of commonly used pesticides. Although the degrees of persistence in
fish range from less than a day for malathion to more than 6 months for
ODD and toxaphene, no reference is made to the source(s) of this informa-
tion. Bourquin and his co-workers (569) indicated that DDT, BHC and
chlordane can remain for 10 - 12 years, but no mention is made of the
substrate.
Rumker et al. (544) also provide a summary comparison of persistence of
organocniorines, organophosphates, carbamates and herbicides in soil and
water. Although at first glance, persistence appears much greater in
soil, these authors point out that the fate of environmental chemicals is
often simply relegated to the sediment or food chains from the water,
thereby only apparently being removed. One of these possibilities was
investigated by Durant and Reimold (166), who reported on the effect of
dredging on the redistribution of toxaphene, which had been present in the
sediment at levels approaching 2,000 ppm. They found that dredging opera-
tions did not increase the toxaphene residues in downstream oysters and
the anticipated sudden kill of fish and shellfish did not occur.
The organochlorine pesticides are most noted for their persistence.
Lowe et al. (396) found that if mirex bait (in flow through nylon bags)
was suspended in open seawater, approximately one half the original amount
11
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remained after 6 months and one third after 9 months. Stickel and his
co-workers reported extreme persistence in the tissues of young grackles,
a bird commonly found feeding along the estuarine shores. Birds were fed
750 ppm mirex for 4 days. After 28 weeks, or almost 7 months, only one
half of the original body burden had been lost.
In terms of quantitative decay of an organochlorine in seawater, Werner
and Waldichuk (637) found that the different isomers of hexachlorocyclo-
hexane (HCH and more popularly called BHC) behaved somewhat differently.
The alpha, beta and gamma forms were reduced approximately 43, 60 and
85 percent, respectively. The latter two were similar in showing an
initial, rapidly decelerating curve in contrast to the more gradual slope
of the alpha isomer.
Less information is available on the persistence of organophosphates and
carbamates. This may reflect our concept of their longevity, biased by
our limited analytical capabilities with respect to their breakdown
products or it may truly reflect their short-term persistence nature.
Although generally considered quite short-lived, approximately 0.1 percent
of the originally applied parathion remained in a sandy loam soil 16 years
after the last application (580). This may be a miniscule amount but
interest in this study was only rekindled after the non-specific
Averell-Norris colorimetric parathion analysis was replaced by the more
discerning flame photometric detection.
(R)
Dursban , applied at 0.057 kg/ha and diazinon, applied at 0.225 kg/ha
to control Culicoides larvae on an intertidal zone in Cape Cod, lasted
varying periods of time depending on the substrate (405). For instance,
the average time to last detectable trace of Dursbarrp for intertidal sand
was 2 days while it was still detectable for 5 days in salt marsh sod and
15 days in salt marsh mud. Similar figures for diazinon were 4, 6 and 10
days respectively. With one minor exception, seawater collected adjacent
to each treated plot did not contain any residues even on the day follow-
ing treatment. Because of potentially great dilution factors, this should
come as no surprise.
Karinen et al. (335) reported on the persistence of the carbamate,
carbaryl, in estuarine water and mud under laboratory conditions at two
different temperatures and under field conditions. They found that, in an
aquarium without mud, approximately one half of the carbaryl disappeared
in 38 days at 8 C. Most of this was accounted for by the production of
1-naphthol. An increase in temperature resulted in a significantly
increased rate of disappearance. At 20 C almost all the carbaryl was gone
by day 17. The addition of mud to the system resulted in both the parent
compound and 1-naphthol declining to less than 10 percent in the seawater
in 10 days. Under field conditions, carbaryl was also applied at levels
comparable to those used on oyster pests. It was still detectable in the
mud, after 42 days yet the major breakdown product (1-naphthol) persisted
essentially only 1 day.
12
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BIG-ACCUMULATION
The accumulation of synthetic organic compounds by biological entities is
a subject touched upon by most investigators dealing with environmental
chemicals. Portmann (715) recently discussed this phenomenon with respect
to marine animals. Quite often it is only after these chemicals are found
in a particular taxon that the question of their potential effects is
seriously considered. The reasons why bioaccumulation occurs in any
trophic level are not always obvious and the subject is often character-
ized by controversy (443). This discussion, however, will be restricted to
the degree to which various estuarine organisms concentrate synthetic
organic compounds over ambient levels. Wherever possible, the subject of
residue loss (i.e., depuration) over time will be addressed.
Microogranisms and Plankton
Bourquin and his co-workers (569) found that microorganisms (isolated
from a contaminated petroleum-base cutting fluid and maintained in a
100 ppm heptachlor-salts solution) could remove the vast majority of
several organochlorines in water during a 4-hour period.
Uptake of DDT and dieldrin by 6 species of marine phytoplankton was found
to increase linearly with an increasing concentration of the pesticides.
However, with one exception (i.e., Amphidinium), accumulation did not
increase linearly with increasing cell concentration (561). This study
revealed that various species differ significantly in their ability to
accumulate organochlorines. Dieldrin was concentrated in these phyto-
plankters by a factor of approximately 1,000 times the medium levels.
DDT accumulation varied but, in general, exceeded the concentration factor
of dieldrin by at least one order of magnitude.
Three species of marine phytoplankton were shown to accumulate low levels
of DDT to varying degrees (16 to 54 percent of the original concentrations).
Relative partition coefficients ranged from 1.2 x 105 to 2.9 x 105 (135).
In another study (342), the marine diatom, Cyli ndrotheca, was found to
adsorb DDT from culture media and on the average concentrate it approxi-
mately 265 times. The hypothesis that these and similar marine organisms
might serve as storage sites for pesticides was supported.
The ability of microorganisms to accumulate vast quantities of organo-
chlorines was elucidated by the, now classic, Biscayne Bay study by Seba
and Corcoran (553) in 1969. They found that some of the surface slicks
analyzed contained up to almost 13 ppb total pesticides. Although a
minimum concentration factor (CF) of 105 was observed for the organo-
chlorine pesticides, the CF's for other organic compounds were quite low.
The average concentration of acetone, butyraldehyde and 2-butanone in
slicks was never more than threefold greater than that in the water.
In a similar study on the microlayer of Narragansett Bay (158), PCB's
were concentrated 28 times in the upper 100 - 150Mm over the levels in
subsurface water. Depending on how one defines the thickness of this
slick, the enrichment factor for PCB's could be as great as 4 x 104.
13
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Keil et al. (341, 344) exposed bacteria to 0.1 and 0.01 ppm of DDT or
PCB. £. coli exposed to the lower treatment level accumulated 2.2 and
4.4 ppm DDT and PCB, respectively while those on the higher level accumu-
lated 11.2 ppm DDT and 13.6 ppm PCB. Concentration factors, therefore,
ranged between approximately TOO and 500, with a suggestion that they may
be inversely related to dosage. The CF may also vary with the particular
PCB considered. Preliminary studies carried out at Woods Hole (652)
indicated that selective bacterial uptake of some PCB isomers over others
did occur.
At least one section of the FAO Technical Conference on Marine Pollution
held in Rome in 1970 addressed uptake of industrial toxicants by marine
algae (468). Along similar lines, Keil, Priester and Sandifer (343)
reported that the marine diatom. Cylindrotheca clgsterium, could concen-
trate Aroclor 1242 up to 1,100 times above media levels.
Other Invertebrates
To be sure, the uptake of any chemical will vary with the tissue sampled.
Roberts (535) reported on the distribution of Endosulfan in various
organs of the mussel (Mytilus edulis). Although it is commonly held that
the most likely path of entry of adsorbed pesticides is via the gills,
the gills did not assimilate Endosulfan to levels comparable to the
digestive gland and the rise to maximum level was slower. However,
unlike the study by Schoor (550), the frequency of monitoring intervals
was probably too gross (i.e., 10 days) to allow adequate data interpreta-
tion.
The estuarine mollusk, Rangia cuneata. was shown to accumulate dieldrin
from 200 to 2,000 times over the ambient levels during a 12 to 36 hour
exposure period. Although the sample sizes were particularly small, the
most important result of this study by PetrocelTi, Hanks and Anderson (495)
was the measurable accumulation of dieldrin from acceptably low levels in
water, which are presumed to be safe.
Lowe and his co-workers (397) showed the comparative pesticide uptake by
oysters exposed to 1 ppb DDT, toxaphene or parathion. At week 24, the
CF's for the 2 organochlorines were 6.3 x 104 and 2.3 x 104, respectively
while that for the organophosphate was at least two orders of magnitude
lower (i.e., 2.4 x 102). it took 12 weeks for the toxaphene and parathion
oyster groups to purge themselves of their accumulated residues. After
the same period, the DDT group had less than one percent left.
Brodtmann (64) suggested that the uptake of DDT by his experimental
oysters appeared to be by diffusion rather than by active transport.
He suggested that the oyster gills were probably the primary entry site
of DDT. Because of the rapid pesticide elimination rate, the value of
the oyster as an environmental integrator was challenged.
14
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The subject of DDT accumulation by two marine polychaetes was presented
at the 1970 FAO Conference (197). Uptake varied with exposure levels
and time. However a concentration factor of 100 was common for one
species for as short a period as 2 days and 300 for another (Lanice and
Nereis, respectively).
The CF for the euphausiid shrimp (Euphausia pacifica) exposed to 5 to
33 ppt DDT for 2 hours ranged between 1.1 x 103 and 4.4 x 103. Smaller
shrimp exhibited higher values, however, larger animals took longer to
equilibrate (137). Both uptake from water and assimilation from food
were shown to be two important sources of DDT for this shrimp.
Epifanio (194) was able to show the relative importance of die!drin in
seawater versus that in the diet of a larval crab (Leptodius floridanus).
If equal concentrations of this synthetic organic were available to the
crab larvae, they would accumulate it 8,000 times as fast from the water
as from the food. It was calculated, however, that the larvae would
accumulate the pesticide only 1.23 times as quickly from water as from
food under reasonable field conditions.
Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus), exposed to 0.22 ppb mirex (nominal) for
15 minutes to 16 hours, accumulate from 0.24 to 0.69 ppb in their
hemolymph to 1.6 to 31 ppb in their hepatopancreas (550). Schoor
suggested that the gills were the mode of entry, since the gills showed
traces of mirex-^C after only 5 minutes exposure while it appeared in
the hepatopancreas only after 15 minutes.
Kobayashi, Akitake and Tomiyama (359, 360) discussed the mechanism by
which the herbicide, pentachlorophenate (PCP), decreased in the exposure
medium when inhabited by a culture of shellfish (Tapes philippinarum).
Although a previous study had revealed that the amount taken up by the
shellfish was appreciably less than the decrease in its medium, their
studies indicated that the decrease did not mean decomposition. It was
found that the PCP was transformed by the shellfish to some bound form
(360).
The freshwater crab (Uca minax), which is congeneric to many estuarine
fiddler crabs, was shown to accumulate the experimental herbicide,
bentazon (3-isopropyl-lH-2,l,3-benzothiadiazin - 4(3H)-l-2,2-dioxide)
50 times over the amount found in the water of a model ecosystem (56).
Parrish and his co-workers (483) discussed PCB uptake in oysters.
These shellfish showed a concentration factor (of 5 ppb Aroclor 1254) of
8.5 x 104 and lost all but a trace after 32 weeks of depuration.
An exposure of 1 ppb 1254 resulted In a "10 x 10* CF, all but a trace
of which disappeared after 12 weeks'depuration (395, 483). Oysters exposed
to 10 ppb Aroclor 1016 accumulated the chemical 1.3 x 104 times the
exposure level and none was detectable after 56 days in PCB-free water
(482).
15
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Since Aroclor 1016 has been produced to replace other RGB's for sale to
capacitor manufacturers, its accumulation in estuarine organisms is of
importance. Hansen, Parrish and Forester (267) reported that the
American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) and the brown shrimp (Penaeus
aztecus) were similar in their uptake but the grass shrimp (Palaemonetes
pugio) displayed a concentration factor of approximately 1/4 to 1/2 that
of the above two invertebrates. Based on the nominal exposure concen-
tration for 96 hours, the CF ranged between 440 and 4,000, decreasing at
higher exposure levels.
The relative importance of sediment as a source of PCB residues to the
grass shrimp, pink shrimp and fiddler crabs was discussed by Nimmo e_t al_.
(462, 465). Its importance would be expected to be far greater to
invertebrates that are detritus feeders like the fiddler crab (465, 471).
Grass shrimp were exposed to several concentrations of Aroclor 1254 for
up to 63 days (462). The shrimp continued to accumulate 1254 throughout
the experiment, although, after 5 weeks, concentration factors ranged
from 200 to 26,000. Within 4 weeks after exposure was discontinued, 60
to 90 percent of the chemical was lost from the shrimp. Other reports,
not covered above, also deal with uptake of industrial toxicants (545,
642, 643) or pesticides (534, 594, 619) by invertebrates.
Fishes
In view of the commercial and recreational interest in this taxon, an
unexpectedly small amount of uptake work has been carried out on
estuarine fishes.
An extensive field monitoring study by Borthwick et al. (58) provided
evidence for apparent fish bioaccumulation of mirex in a South Carolina
estuary. Under controlled conditions, Hansen and Wilson (272) found
that pinfish (Lagodoh rhomboides) and Atlantic croakers (Micropogon
undulatus). exposed to 0.1 ppb DDT, reached maximum body burdens in two
weeks. Maximum concentration of DDT ranged from 1.0 x 104 to 3.8 x 10^
times that in the test water, depending on species and exposure. DDT
was lost quite slowly with 87 and 78 percent being lost by pinfish and
croakers, respectively, after eight weeks in clean water.
Ernst (197) presented some interesting findings relating to the uptake
and metabolism of labelled DDT by two species of flatfish. After 28 days,
the proportions of DDD:DDE:DDT were 1:2:12 in the flesh. These findings,
like those of Hansen and Wilson (272) indicated the importance of pesti-
cide metabolism under field conditions; a phenomenon which is not
generally operative during short-term laboratory studies.
The significance of the food chain as a source of DDT accumulation by fish
was elucidated by Macek and Korn (399). They found that brook trout
(Salvelinus fohtinalis) accumulated approximately 10 times more of the
available DDT from the food than directly from the water.
16
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Pritchard, Guarino and Klnter (510) reported on the bioaccumulation and
tissue distribution of DDT and mi rex by the winter flounder (Pseudopleuro-
nectes americanus) over time. Their findings are especially interesting
since neither pesticide is initially distributed in accord with the lipid
content of recipient tissues.
Initial efforts of Dvorchik and Maren (171) indicated that p.p'-DDT is
probably bound to the plasma lipoproteins of the dogfish shark (Sgualus
acanthias). Their studies also showed that the liver sequestered the
compound quantitatively and there was no DDT excreted via the gills
and no significant amount by the urine.
PCB's have become ubiquitous in the environment (490, 492, 528) and may
even be more widespread than DDT and its breakdown products. Like the
relationship for DDT, that between PCB residues in the environment and the
organism's body burden can only be accurately characterized under strictly
controlled experimental conditions. The concentration factor varies
considerably with species and with mode of exposure.
Most PCB residues quantified from field samples are done so based on
Aroclor 1254 because of the similarity of their chromatogram profiles
with those of the 1254 standard. Aroclor 1254 may, therefore, be one of
the most widespread PCB's. Hansen et al. (268) found that spot (LeiQstomus
xanthurus), exposed to 1 ppb Aroclor 1254, rapidly stored this chemical
with maximum concentration levels being reached between 14 and 28 days.
The polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT's) are less commonly found but this may
partially be a result of analytical difficulties. Addison et al. (4)
tube-fed cod (Gadus mqrhua) herring oil containing 1 g of Aroclor 5460.
In some cases, appreciable amounts of this PCT remained even after 70
days. Their experiments indicated that excretory efficiency seemed poor.
Since Aroclor 1016 has come to replace many of the PCB's in the more
controversial 1200 series, its uptake behavior is of interest. Pinfish
exposed to 1 ppb Aroclor 1016 accumulated maximum concentration levels
by 21 to 28 days. In this study, Hansen, Parrish and Forester found that
maximum body burdens (based on wet weight) were 1.7 x 104 times the nominal
test water concentration (267). In another report by Parrish and co-
workers (482) on the same compound and fish species, they found that
after 56 days'depuration, 61 percent of the PCB disappeared from the
fishes.
Another approach to demonstrating the dynamics of residue uptake over
time is to compare the body burdens of fish in various age groups.
Parejko et al. (480) did this for a small sampling of lake trout
(Salvelinus namaycush) but could not show any correlation between age
and PCB concentration. Since the ascending part of the residue uptake
curve may occur in the first few years or even months of life, it is
unfortunate that the youngest age group was 4 years.
17
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Very little has apparently been done with the bioaccumulation of other
industrial toxicants by fish. One study, however, dealt with the
uptake of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, naphthalene and 3, 4
benzopyrene. It was found to be rapid by three marine fish, however,
detoxification mechanisms provided efficient removal from body tissues ,
(379).
Btrds
Uptake research involving birds has historically revolved around domestic
species, which with the singular exception of the duck, have no close
relatives inhabiting the estuary. For this reason and the personal biases
for certain taxa by many investigators working in estuarine pollution, ,
very little of the avian data seldom reaches the estuarine review level.
In reviewing data from almost four thousand samples, Dindal (151) found
that obvious relationships existed between the type of food ingested
(plant or animal) and DDT residues in wild mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)
and lesser scamp ducks (Aythya affinis). In that, now classic, radio-
labeled DDT study of a marsh system during 1964 and 1965, DDE was the
predominant metabolite found. After being exposed to a 0.225 kg DDT/ha
treatment, maximum residues for the heart, breast aid gizzard of the
mallards reached approximately 1.55 ppm. Lesser scaup accumulated larger
DDT residues but the accumulation was shorter lived.
Robinson and his colleagues (537) reported that dieldrin levels in adult
birds were independent of age. Carcass levels of dieldrin in redwinged
blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus). exposed to 10 ppm aldrin, increased
linearly with time and showed no tendency to level off (109). Elevations
of the regression lines were, however, significantly different for
"stressed" versus "non-stressed" birds. Dieldrin brain levels, on the
other hand, were curvilinear over time and asymptotic at about 25 ppm
(wet weight basis). This leveling off began approximately 15-20 days
after diet began.
Stickel et al. (584) fed grackles (Quiscalus quiscala) 750 ppm mirex for
four days and noted depuration over time. Their data indicated mirex to
be one of the most persistentorganochlorines documented for birds, with
only one-half the original amount being lost after 28 weeks or nearly 7
months.
Parslow and Jefferies (484) cleverly tied several loose ends together to
come up with a reasonable picture of PCB uptake by guillemots (Uria aalge).
They pointed out the limitations of their efforts on this front~buT
suggested that this species (in the Irish Sea) either ingests, on the
average, less than 1 ppm in the diet or the rate of storage is considerably
less than the 9 percent reported for another, unrelated, species.
Risebrough and de Lappe (528) in their overview of PCB accumulation in
ecosystems, discuss bioaccumulation of PCB's and DDT in terms of the
18
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feeding behavior of various oceanic species as it compares to that of
more estuarine inhabitants, such as the brown pelican (Pelecahus
occidental is) and the osprey (Pahdion haliaetus).
Little additional information is available on the bioaccumulation of
other industrial toxicants. However, there is some evidence that DBF
and DEHP may not accumulate in avian tissue to within a detectable
range, even when fed 10 ppm for 5 months (673).
BIOMAGNIFICATION
Unlike the term "bioaccumulation", which is generally restricted to the
uptake and accumulation of synthetic compounds by an organism from its
environment,' usually water, "biomagnification" relates to the commonly
observed increase in body burdens with each ascending trophic level up
the food chain. Since neither term can be found in the common diction-
aries, their usage suffers the inconsistencies of personal prejudices
and convenience.
Undoubtedly the organochlorines (both pesticides and industrial toxicants,
like PCB's), because of their lipophilic nature leading to persistence,
are the greatest biomagnifiers. The transfer of synthetic organic
compounds from one trophic level to the next has been shown by Macek and
Korn (399) to be a far more important source than the ambient water,
at least for DDT and freshwater fish. Some caution must be exercised
since Nakatsugawa and Nelson (452) present some dieldrin examples which
remind us that magnification does not necessarily occur at each step in
the trophic chain.
The question of how biomagnification occurs is one of controversy.
Risebrough and de Lappe (528) and others (157) point out that many
things including the amounts and kinds of lipids may affect retention of
PCB's thereby modifying the trophic accumulation predicted by the
classical food chain concentration theory. Moriarty (443) pointed out
some inconsistencies in the data which have supported the argument that
organochlorine insecticides concentrate along the food chain. It was
suggested that residue differences between species depend largely on
specific differences in rates of excretion and metabolism, which are
not necessarily related to position in food chain (see also reference
452 for role of detoxication enzymes). Along these lines, Robinson
et al. (537) noted that, although organochlorine insecticides tended to
be greater in marine organisms of higher trophic levels, the tendency
was not found in all food chains. A second assumption that Moriarty
challenged was that plateau concentrations are reached. If this were
not the case, longer-lived predators would reach higher concentrations
because of longevity alone. To a certain extent, the controversy is
one based on semantics. Most investigators in the United States, at least,
seem to use the term "biomagnification" to describe an observed phenomenon
and not the potential mechanisms responsible for it.
19
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Since Woodwell, Wurster and Isaacson documented DDT increasing with
trophic levels through more than three orders of magnitude in an Atlantic
coast estuary (656), many similar reports have been added to the scientific
and popular literature. Dustman and Stickel (169), Menzie (426), and
Nakatsugawa and Nelson (452) give overviews of the pesticide biomagnifica-
tion situation, which include some estuarine species. Menzie points out
that "biological magnification...is dependent only on three conditions:
(1) the material must persist in the environment; (2) the material must
be biologically available; and (3) the material must persist in the
biological system which assimilates it...."
Foehrenbach (208) looked at two simple food chains, involving inverte-
brates, fishes and birds, in a Long Island (New York State) estuary.
He reported higher concentrations of DDE, ODD and DDT in upper trophic
levels than in lower ones, with two orders of magnitude between the
extremes.
Kneip, Howells and Wrenn (358) provided a graphic presentation of food
chain biomagnification of DDT and dieldrin by Hudson River biota. Based
on a comparison of residues (ppm, wet weight) in the fauna with that in
the water, concentration factors increased up the food chain as follows:
plankton (.1 x 104 - .7 x 104); bivalves, fish (.1 x 104 - .5 x 104);
fish (.5 x 104 - 5 x 104), and; birds (5 x 104 - 15 x 104).
Metcalf and his group approached what they called "ecological magnifi-
cation" of DDT and methoxychlor using a model ecosystem approach (432).
The ecosystem had a terrestrial-aquatic interface and a seven-element food
chain, including the salt marsh caterpillar (Esti'gmene acrea). Culex
mosquito larvae and mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis). When '4C-labe1ed
DDT was applied at a rate equivalent to 1.122 kg/ha, Gambusia accumulated
DDT 1 x 104 to 8.4 x 104 times the level in the water:DDE, on the other
hand, was accumulated 11 x 104 times. Methoxychlor did not show a
similar ecological magnification and the authors suggested that it was
more environmentally degradable.
Booth and his co-workers (56) also used a model ecosystem to study
possible accumulation of the experimental herbicide, bentazon (3-isopropyl-
1H - 2, 1, 3-benzothiadiazin- 4(3H)-l-2,2-dioxide). Their conclusion
was that bentazon does not accumulate in aquatic food chains. This was
a freshwater system but it included Uca mihax, which is congeneric with
a myriad of estuarine fiddler crabs.
Dustman et al. (170), Peakall and Lincer (492), and Stickel (582) provide
reviews which include PCB biomagnification in estuarine ecosystems.
There are unique analytical problems associated with PCB's and unless
careful separation and quantisation are made, incorrect conclusions may
be drawn from a comparison of residues found in different trophic levels.
Zitko, Hutzinger and Choi (668) found that fish from lower and intermediate
trophic levels contained relatively lower amounts of hexachlorobiphenyls
20
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(4th, 5th and 6th major Aroclor 1254 peaks) and higher amounts of tetra-
and pentachlorobiphenyls (1st and 2nd major peaks) than did the predaceous
fish and birds.
Prestt, Oefferies and Moore (507) compared liver PCB levels between birds
feeding on obviously different prey. PCB residues ranged up to 40, 50
and approximately 900 ppm for those species feeding on birds, mammals
and fish (mainly freshwater), respectively. The last group included
bitterns, kingfishers, grebes and herons.
Because of the similarity in distribution of DDT and PCB's it is of
interest to compare their biomagnification characteristics. Although a
comparison of different studies would risk potential analytical differences
leading to incomparable data, a few studies include food chain residue
information on both groups of synthetic organics. Munson (447) reporting
on PCB and DDT residue levels in the invertebrates of the Laguna Beach
(San Diego) area, documented a classic case of biomagnification for both
with progression up the food chain from strict herbivores, such as the
abalone, to scavengers, such as the whelk and spiny lobster. In another
study, organochlorine insecticide residues were 7-fold greater in sediments
than in the water and those in fish were 10- to 60-fold greater than in
sediments (249). Greichus, Greichus and Emerick (249) reported that
adult cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) had residues which were 250-fold
greater than the fish while the white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos)
showed levels which were elevated 280-fold. Interestingly, PCB's showed
less biomagnification, i.e., 60- and 30-fold increases in cormorants and
pelicans, respectively, over fish.
METABOLISM
Perhaps the most comprehensive efforts dealing with the metabolism of
pesticides are those by Menzie (425, 428), which are arranged by compound
and not restricted to the estuarine ecosystem. A partial list of
metabolic conversions by estuarine or marine organisms can be found in
Table 5. In general, those so listed are not discussed below and vice
versa.
Bourquin (60) provided a brief review in 1973 on estuarine microbes and
organochlorine pesticides. He very accurately pointed out the importance
of understanding the pathways of microbial breakdown of pesticides, since
they are probably the main environmental mechanism by which these com-
pounds are reduced. Thorn and Agg (724) discuss the biological breakdown
of SOC's, especially as it relates to sewage treatment. From the
organism's standpoint, Khan, Stanton and Reddy (353) reviewed the litera-
ture on the main detoxication and conjugation systems of insects and
invertebrates, some of which are marsh/estuary inhabitants.
21
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Table 5. OBSERVED METABOLIC CONVERSIONS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY
ESTUARINE/MARINE ORGANISMS UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
N3
N>
Subject
Sediment
Micro flora
Bacteria
Microbial isolates
Surface film
Surface film
Algae
Algae
Diatom
Lobster
Flatfish
Trout and skate
Atlantic salmon
Atlantic salmon
Mallard duck
Organ or other
information
From intestine of
anchovy
E. Coli
From fish pond
Dunaliella spp.
Cyl i ndrotheca
closterium
Hepatopancreas
Various
?
Whole
Gut
Liver and muscle
(possibly by
microorganisms)
Observed
From
p,p'-DDT
DDT
DDT
DDT
Dieldrin
Aldrin
Endrin
Dieldrin
DDT
Parathion
14C-DDT
PCB
DDT
p,p'-DDT
o,p'-DDT
metabolism
To
p,p'-DDD(TDE)
ODD
ODD (TDE) and DDE
DDOH, DDNS, TDE, DDE, etc.
Photodieldrin, etc.
DIOL
Ketoendrin
Photodieldrin, etc.
DDE
p-m'trophenol
ODD (TDE) and DDE
2 and 4-hydroxybiphenyl
DDE and ODD (TDE)
p,p'-DDD (TDE)
o,p'-DDD (TDE)
Reference
7
404
344
487
487
487
487
487
342
98
198
205
247
106
371
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Adamson and Sieber (2) reviewed the work of several researchers on the
metabolism of various xenobiotics, including synthetic organic compounds,
by freshwater and marine fishes.
Review-level publications on the metabolism of industrial toxicants are
scarce, however, Stickel (582) included a brief review of the metabolism
and kinetics of PCB's by estuarine organisms in her 1972 publication.
Sediment, Water and Microorganisms
Biologically active marine sediment can act as a reservoir for organo-
chlorine compounds as shown by Oloffs et al. (477). Their studies
indicated that, with the exception of lindane, all other compounds
applied ( a and *& chlordane, DDT and Aroclor 1260) moved into the sedi-
ment within 6 weeks. Although most of the lindane was normally metabolized,
sterilization of water and sediment prevented that action; the same was
not true for DDT and ODD.
Albone and his associates (7, 8) tested the ability of Severn estuary
sediments to degrade DDT, both in situ and in the laboratory, and com-
pared that with the more extensive degradation by anaerobic sewage sludge.
Although heptachlor was not apparently a source of carbon for polymer
formation by microorganisms, which formed floe particles (569), there is
some evidence that ethion may serve as a source of sulfur for microbial
growth (559).
Sikka and his co-workers (560) looked at the metabolism of selected
pesticides by various marine microorganisms, including algae, bacteria,
fungi and yeast. A carbamate, carbaryl, was shown to be quite resistant.
None of the species tested was able to significantly degrade it. In an
earlier study by Sikka and Rice (561), several species of unicellular
marine algae were shown capable of converting small quantities of DDT to
DDE (i.e.,0.103 - 11 percent of the parent compound after 24 days exposure).
No species tested (Amphidinium, Isochrysis, Skeletonema, Tetraselmis,
Olisthodiscus. nor CyclotellaT was capable of metabolizing dieldrin
(524,561).Bbusch and Matsumura (62) have also been looking at the ability
of major groups of algae to degrade pesticides.
Of about 100 marine microbial isolates from Hawaii and Houston, Texas,
35 appeared to be active in degrading DDT, with TDE (ODD) being the
predominant metabolite. Similar exposure of dieldrin to microorganisms
indicated that photodieldrin was the main metabolite (487). Perhaps the
most interesting finding of Patil and co-workers was that these insecti-
cides were not metabolized in plain, even relatively polluted, estuarine
water.
The importance of microorganisms in degrading pesticides should not be
restricted to the sediment habitat. They have been shown to play a
similarly important role in the intestines of various aquatic organisms,
including the Atlantic salmon (106) and the northern anchovy (Engraulis
23
-------
mordax) (404). Interestingly, some differential activity of the intestinal
fungi and bacteria was suggested by the data in the latter study.
In a model ecosystem treated with 14C-bentazon, an experimental herbicide,
water samples did not yield appreciable levels of the chemical until
hydrolyzed with dilute HC1 (56). One possible explanation was that much
of this herbicide was rendered relatively unextractable by conjugation.
Little has been published relating to the breakdown of industrial
toxicants by this facet of the estuarine ecosystem, however, some pre-
liminary work on PAE's by Johnson (328) indicates that a freshwater
hydrosol may be quite active. Marked differences between two common
esters, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and di-jvbutyl phthalate (DBF)
were noted. Under aerobic conditions, 98 percent of the DBF was degraded
within 5 days, however, after 14 days only 50 percent of the DEHP was
degraded.
Other Invertebrates
In metabolic experiments dealing with DDT and the marine polychaete
(Nereis diversicolor), the unchanged parent compound was the only one
recovered except in the case of oral application with a waiting period of
5 days. After repeated application of DDT to another polychaete (Lam'ce
conchilega), DDE and traces of ODD and unidentified polar metabolites
were extracted from coelomic fluid and tubes but these were attributable
to bacterial degradation (197).
Very few other studies have been carried out on the ability of marine
invertebrates to metabolize pesticides but a couple have dealt with organo-
phosphates. One such study by Carlson (98) indicated that the lobster
(from the Rhode Island area) should be quite resistant to parathion since
its heptopancreas was able to detoxify the chemical to the less toxic
p-nitrophenol but apparently not to the toxic paraoxon. Unfortunately,
this in vitro study was not supported by Carlson's actual toxicity data
and he speculated that the in vitro reaction does not take place in vivo
or other organs are capable of the toxic conversion (i.e., "biochemical
suicide") to paraoxon.
Nakatsugawa and Nelson (452) in their discussion of the detoxification
role of invertebrate metabolism mention that the saltwater clam, Venus
mercenaria. is paralyzed and killed by parathion. Although neurotrans-
mitter information is lacking, the implication is that microsomal
activation is occurring.
Kobayoski and his co-workers (359, 360, 361) have worked extensively on
the metabolism of the herbicide, pentachlorophenate (PCP), by the marine
shellfish, Tapes philippinarum. Their studies (360) indicated that this
shellfish was capable of transforming the PCP to a bound form by
detoxification.
24
-------
Metabolism of naphthalene has been reported for the crab, Maia sgirinado,
and the mixed-function oxidases of marine invertebrates has~aTso come
under recent investigation (Corner et al., 1973 and Pohl et al., both
In. Khan et al., ref. 353). Along these lines, the quahaug (Mercenaria
mercenana) showed no oxidative metabolism of EPN, p-nitroanisole,
aminopyrine or hexobarbital (Carlson, 1972 In Kahn et al., ref. 353).
Fishes
Twenty-eight days after being fed 14C-DDT, the flesh of flatfish,
Platichthys flesus, contained ODD, DDE and DDT in a ratio of 1:2:12
(197).In this study, Ernst noted that several unidentified polar
metabolites were also found in the gastrointestinal tract and in the
feces. Ernst and Goerke (198) found that another flatfish (Solea solea)
also possessed the ability to metabolize 14C-DDT and the percentages of
metabolites were higher in the liver and gastrointestinal tract than in
the skeletal muscle.
Contrary to the above findings, tissues from winter flounder injected
with '^C-labeled mirex or DDT contained primarily the unaltered pesticide
(510). Urine from the DDT-treated fish was the only exception, showing a
preponderance of one or more metabolites. Again, after intravenous
injection of DDT into the skate (Raja radiata), significant DDT metabolism
was not determined, even after prolonged periods (205). Another experiment
by Dvorchik and Maren (171) with DDT and another cartilaginous fish, the
dogfish shark (Squalus acanthlas), indicated a similar lack of metabolic
breakdown ability.
A preliminary report (205) on cod fed Aroclor 5460, a chlorinated
terphenyl, indicated that absorptive and excretory efficiency seemed
poor. However, some selective adsorption, depositon or excretion of the
PCT was observed.
In view of the potential interpretive and analytical problems associated
with the commercial biphenyls, Hutzinger and co-workers (312) looked at
the metabolic behavior of pure mono-, di-, tetra- and hexachlorobiphenyl
isomers. In a comparative study of rainbow trout, pigeons and rats, they
found hydroxymetabolites in the mammal's urine and bird's excreta but not
in that of the fish.
Lee, Sauerheber and Dobbs (379) tested three species of marine fish for
their ability to metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The main
product of 3, 4-benzopyrene metabolism was tentatively identified as
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzopyrene. Naphthalene was metabolized to
1,2-dihydro-!,2-dihydroxynaphthalene. The parent compounds were rapidly
taken up but detoxification mechanisms existed for efficient removal (via
the urine) of the compounds from body tissues.
Although phthalates have been shown to be present in estuarine and marine
fishes (645), little has been done on the ability of estuarine fish to
metabolize this industrial toxicant. One effort by Stalling et al. (574)
25
-------
addresses the metabolism of two phthalates (DEHP and DBF) by the freshwater
channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Their results indicated that at
least two separate and distinct microsomal enzyme systems degrade PAE's.
Birds and Mammals
Dindal and Peterle (152), after spraying a marsh with radioactively
tagged chlorine-36 (i.e., ring-labeled), technical DDT found primarily
DDE as the most abundant metabolite. However, labeled p,p'-DDT, ODD (TDE),
and the intermediate metabolite, DDMU were also found. The last was
present only in liver, brain and wing tissues.
Work by Lament, Bagley and Reichel (371) indicated that the mallard is
capable of transforming dietary o,p'-DDT to o,p'-DDD. However, they ;- ;
suggested the possibility of postmortem breakdown.
I
In an effort to shed some light on bird die-offs, such as those in the
Irish Sea, Lincer and Peakall (385) showed the ring dove (Streptopelia
risoria) capable of differential metabolism of Aroclor 1254 components.
This was accompanied by.the production of late arising chroma,tQgraiD .pdaks,
probably as a result of in vivo microsomal transformation.
Residue work by Jansson and co-workers (319) revealed PCB metabolites in
the feces of Baltic grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and guillemot (Uria
algae). However, discrepancies in chromatogram profiles indicated
different metabolic pathways.
26
-------
SECTION III
i
PRESENCE OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN ESTUARIES
GENERAL
Pesticides
Considering only the organochlorine pesticides, DDE (the major breakdown
product of DDT) is probably the most widely distributed in fish and
wildlife (see Tables 6 and 7 for organochlorine pesticides found in
estuarine/marine fishes and fish-eating birds, respectively). Being
lipophilic (i.e., "fat-loving"), DDE like other organochlorines is not '
very soluble in water but accumulates in the fat of organisms (for over-
view, also see Table 1 in reference 687). Organochlorine pesticides
are passed from prey to predator with little lost by way of excretion.
This "biological magnification" with each transfer from one fbod level
(i.e., trophic level) to the next commonly results in animals at the
tops of food chains acquiring inordinate amounts of these compounds (see
Section III). For instance, DDE concentration reached 1,100 ppm (parts
per million) in the fat of brown pelican eggs collected off the coast of
California and 1,000 ppm in the eggs of the white-tailed eagle collected
in the Baltic (530).
Organochlorine pesticides are readily accumulated by shellfish and this
characteristic has been taken advantage of to characterize the geographic
distribution of pesticide contamination (see below).
Although most organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are advertised as
short-lived, there is evidence that some may not be. In an application
of carbaryl (Sevin) at rates comparable to those used to control oyster
pests, the chemical could still be detected in the mud 42 days post-
treatment (335). Similarly, 14 days after a standard ground application
of malathion, the organophosphate could still be found in the estuarine
plant Juncus (722). In addition, in monitoring efforts where organo-
phosphates have been specifically looked for in estuarine fishes, like
the sheepshead minnow and the spot, these have been suspected (121, 305).
The presence of other major groups of pesticides in the estuarine eco-
system has not been widely documented. However, the fungicide
hexachlorobenzene (HCB), has recently been reported in several species
of freshwater and some species of anadromous fishes including coho
27
-------
Table 6. PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/NARINE FISHES
N>
00
Species
Hake
Jack
mackeral
Ocean
whitefish
Spiny dogfish
Sockeye
salmon
Chum salmon
Coho salmon
Sardine
Sardine
Sardine
Sardine
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Dogfish
Roughscale
rattall
Sample
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Liver
Re
DDTd
0.11-6.61
0.14-0.30
0.08-0.94
228-47J
DDT -
DDT -
DDT -
0.011-0.48
e
< 0.005-0.084
0.76-1.01
1.91-18.1
-- - 0.095
0.61-3.79
0.29-7.9
slduesd
Other
Dieldrin -e
Dieldrin -
Dieldrin -
:
Dieldrin 0.13-0.14
Dieldrin -
Dieldrin -
Dieldrin -
Lindane 0.009-0.027
•
Cyclodienes <0. 001 -0.064
Lindane 0.004-0.029
Cyclodienes <0. 001-0. 007
Lindane 0.01
Cyclodienes — - <0.001
Lindane 0.001-0.141
Cyclodienes 0.006-0.052
Lindane 0.005-0.009
Cyclodienes 0.001-0.024
Lindane 0.003-0.111
Cyclodienes 0.014-0.39
,
Geog. loc.b
La Joll a area, Calif.
La Joll a area, Calif.
La Joll a area, Calif.
La Joll a area, Calif.
Seattle, Washington
Auke Bay, Alaska
Auke Bay, Alaska
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Mediterranean Coast,
Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Central California
Ref.
165
165
165
165
165
165
165
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
7 35
35
35
35
557
Datec
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1972
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
K>
Species Sample
Sanddob Liver
Sablefish Liver
Jack Liver
mackeral
English sole Liver
Roughscale Flesh
rattail
Sablefish Flesh
Jack Flesh
mackeral
Winter flounder Muscle
juvenile
Winter flounder Muscle
juvenile
Winter flounder Muscle
Winter flounder Muscle
Winter flounder Ovarian
ti ssue
Winter flounder Ovarian
tissue
Salmon, sea
trout
Atlantic Muscle
salmon
Atlantic Viscera
salmon
Atlantic Whole
mackeral
Atlantic cod Muscle
Atlantic cod Viscera
Residues3
DDTd
0.041-13
0.28-6.9
0.10-1.6
0.22-6.1
0.0026-4.7
0.59-6.3
0.010-0.074
< 0.01-0.31 (T)
0.03-1.07 (E)
0.01 (T)
0.18-1.07 (E)
0.11-0.40 (T)
0.02-0.22 (E)
0.02-0.10
0.15-0.65
0.45-0.77
0.02-0.08
0.36-1.16
Other
Heptachlor <0.01-1.10
Dieldrin <0.01-0.05
Heptachlor epoxide <0. 01-0. 44
Dieldrin <0.01
Heptachlor epoxide <0. 01-0. 56
Heptachlor 0.62-1.55
Dieldrin <0.01
Heptachlor epoxide <0. 01-0. 65
Heptachlor <0. 01 -0.07
Pollutants from sewage and coke
oven operation also present
Geog. loc.
Monterey Bay. Calif.
Central California
Southern California
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Central California
Central California
Southern California
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
Buzzards Bay, Mass.
England
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Ref.
557
557
557
557
557
557
557
564
564
564
564
564
564
568
570
570
570
570
570
Oatec
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1932
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/HARINE FISHES
Species
White hake
American
smelt
American
smelt
Winter
flounder
Winter
flounder
Atlantic
tomcod
Anchovy
Anchovy
English sole
English sole
Hake
Hake
Hake
Hake
Ocean perch
Ocean perch
Ocean perch
English sole
Hake
Hake
Starry
flounder
Starry
flounder
Sample
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Viscera
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
DDTd
0.01-0.08
<0. 01 -0.06
0.02-0.19
<0. 01 -0.03
<0. 01 -0.02
DDT -
0.074
0.074
0.009-0.016
0.009-0.016
0.058
0.047
0.074
0.068
0.012
Trace
0.013
0.010-0.019
0.090
0.143
0.018
0.026
Residues9
Other
(E)
(D)
(E)
(D)
(E)
(D)
(E)
(D)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(T)
(E)
(D)
Geog. loc.b
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Oregon Coast
Oregon Coast
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Oregon Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Ref,
570
570
570
570
570
570
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
Datec
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
Species
Starry
flounder
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Yellowtail
rockfish
Itotothenia
Notothenla
Nototnenia
Notothenia
Sample
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Remains f
Remains
Remains
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Remains
Remains
Remains
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
DDT*1
0.013
0.017
Trace
0.004
0.042
0.006
0.021
0.119
0.222
0.480
0.256
0.055
0.104
0.002-0.013
0.000-0.018
0.006-0.020
Residuesa
Other
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(E) Dieldrin 0.001-0.009
Alpha BHC 0.001-0.007
{0} Beta BHC 0.002-0.008
Gamma BHC 0.001-0.004
Heptachlor epoxide 0.002-0.004
Geog. loc.b
Washington Coast
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
British Columbia, Can.
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Washington Coast
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Ref.
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
586
594
594
594
594
Date0
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1967
1967
1967
1967
-------
Species
Herring
Perch
Northern
anchovy
Northern
anchovy
English sole
English sole
Northern
anchovy
Shiner perch
English sole
English sole
Jack
£3 mackeral
Hake
Bluefin tuna
Bluefin tuna
Yellowfin tuna
Yellowfin tuna
Skipjack tuna
Skipjack tuna
Skipjack tuna
Hake
Catfish
Snook
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
1
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Muscle
Liver
Whole
Whole
Whole
Residuesa
Md Other
0.02-0.40 (E)
<0.01-0.24 (E)
0.33-0.59
0.74-14.0
0.19-0.55
0.76
14.0
1.0-1.4
0.19-0.55
0.76
0.56
1.8
0.56
0.22
0.07
0.62
0.057
0.051
0.056
0.18
0.34-1.74
0.25-0.53
Geog. loc.b
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Northern California
Southern California
Northern -California
Southern California
Northern California
.
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Southern California
Channel Island,
Washington
Southern California
Southern California
Galapagos Archipelago
Southern California
Hawaii
Hawaii
Galapagos Archipelago
Puget Sound,
Washington
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Ref.
667
667
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
345
345
Datec
1974
1974
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1973
1973
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Species
Broad headed
sleeper
goby
SI eeper
Mullet
Jack
Goby
Four eye
fish
Mojarra
w Molly
Sardi ne
Anchovy
Sea trout
Bocaccio
Bocaccio
Starry
rockf i sh
Starry
rockf ish
Vermill ion
rockf ish
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
, Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Liver
Muscle
Liver
Muscle
Liver
Residues^
DDTd Other
0.11-9.08
0.04-0.55
2.76-36.54 Toxaphene detected
0.06
0.54
4.23-4.84
0.23-2.75
2.10-45.17
15.34-19.44
0.69 "
0.64
519.0-590.0
11.6-12
1026-1030
57-57.6
163
Geog. loc.b
Pacific. Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Pacific Coast,
Guatemala
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Ref.
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
402
402
402
402
402
Datec
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1974 .
1974
1974
1974
1974
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Species
Vermill ion
rockfish
Dover sole
Dover sole
Sablefish
Sablefish
California
smoothtongue
Eel pout
Hatchetfish
Bocaccio
Herring
Sprats
Striped
mullet
Rainbow
trout
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Cod
Cod
Cod
Sample
Muscle
Liver
Muscle
Liver
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Whole
Fat
Muscle
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole(EF)
Muscle(EF)
Muscle
Liyer(EF)
Residues^
DDTd Othpr
161
63
13
103
23
0.49
5.63
0.09
115.0 ,.
0.05-0.21 Dieldrin 0.01-0.08
0.10-0.21 Dieldrin 0.03-0.09
0.58 Dieldrin 0.39
BHC 1.14
0.73 Dieldrin 0.04
BHC 0.01
0.22-0.57
14-37
0.12-1.4
3.2-37
1.6-0.89
18-72
13
0.086
30
Geog. loc.
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Southern California
Scottish Coast
Scottish Coast
Mississippi River
Snake River, Idaho
Arch, of Pi tea,
Baltic Sea
Arch, of Pi tea,
Baltic Sea
Middle of Baltic Sea
Middle of Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Ref.
402
402
402
402
402
402
402
402
402
301
301
293
293
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
Date0
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
CO
ui
Species
^^^••^•••-••^•^^^ Hi •
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Salmon
Salmon
Whitefish
Whitefish
Vendace
Vendace
Sprat
Sprat
Flounder
Flounder
Plaice
Plaice
Pinfish
Sample
^^^^^^^^— ^— "fcwp-nwiM— •n-*l^
Liver
Muscle(EF)
Muscle
Liver(EF)
Liver
Muscle (EF)
Muscle
Liver(EF)
Liver
Muscle (EF)
Muscle
Liver(EF)
Liver
Whole(EF)
Whole
Whole(EF)
Whole
Whole(EF)
Whole
Whole(EF)
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole
Residues3
H
DDTa Other
8.5
12-20
0.067-0.12
47-64
13-17
8.4-22
0.064-0.13
28-59
11-18
5.8-15
0. 032-0. 11
19-47
4.4-13
10-60
0.51-7.2
0.99-16
0.017-0.41
0.56-8.9
0.034-0.13
1.6-76
0.058-4.4
1.9-43
0.024-0.70
2.4-8.5
0.011-0.076
0.01-1.11
Geog. loc.
Northern Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic' Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Northern Gulf Coast,
Ref.
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
272
Datec
^^^^HP^^AM»«^«^A*VM^^
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1970
Florida
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
o>
Species
Atlantic
croaker
Spot
Pigfish
Silver perch
Dwarf perch
Shiner perch
Pile perch
Starry
flounder
White perch
English sole
Staghorn
sculpin
Speckled
sanddab
Starry
flounder
Mackeral
Mackeral
Mackeral
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Residuesa
DDTd Other
<0. 01 -0.21
<. 01-0.89
.01-1.07
.02-1.26
0.094-0.366
0.012-0.281
0.033-0.410
0.073-0.127
0.028-0.227
0.020-0.124
0.027-0.140
0.025-0.090
0.039-0.126
<0.01->2.00(T)
<0. 01 -1.00 (D)
<0.01-2.00 (E)
Geog. loc.
Northern Gulf Coast,
Florida
Northern Gulf Coast,
Florida
Northern Gulf Coast,
Florida
Northern Gulf Coast,
Florida
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
San Francisco Bay,
California
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
Canada
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
California
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
California
Ref.
272
272
272
272
196
196
196
196
196
196
196
196
196
159
159
159
Datec
1970
1970
1970
1970
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1968
1968
1968
-------
PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
to
Species
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Rainbow trout
Stri peel bass
Menhaden
Coho salmon
Striped bass
Chinook
salmon
Rainbow trout
Mexi can
lamp-fish
White
croaker
White
croaker
Salmon
Salmon
Salmon
Lake trout
Lake trout
Sample
Muscle
Muscle
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
& skin
Whole
Whole
Whole
Belly
tissue
Belly
tissue
Residues3
DDTd Other
<0.01-6.8 (T)
<0.01-2.4 (D)
0.1-20.8 (E)
HCB 0.002
HCB 0.090
HCB 0.11
HCB <0. 01 0-0. 010
HCB 0.007-0.050
HCB 0.002
HCB < 0.001 -0.005
0.014-0.058
0.96-18.56
1.95-30.64
4.30-14.6 (E)
0.25-2.72 (D)
0.25-3.61 (T) Dieldrin 0.011-0.037
Heptachlor 0.019-0.029
Heptachlor epoxide 0.167
Geog. loc.b
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
California
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
California
Gulf of St. Lawrence,
California
Missouri
Florida
Florida
Michigan
Maryland, Florida
Oregon
Missouri, New
Hampshire
Gulf of California,
Mexico
Los Angeles Coast,
California
Los Angeles Coast,
California
Maine
Maine
Maine
Lake Superior, Mich.
Lake Superior, Mich.
Ref.
159
159
159
329
329
329
329
329
329
329
133
102
102
22
22
22
480
480
Datec
1968
1968
1968
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1970
1972
1972
1970
1970
1970
1973
1973
a Residues (parts per million) expressed on the basis of sample wet weight unless otherwise denoted (i.e., EF=extractable
fat weight basis; OD=oven dry weight basis).
-------
Table 6 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Geographic location within USA unless otherwise indicated.
c Refers to date of publication and not necessarily date of sample collection.
d Total DOT residue unless otherwise denoted (i.e., T=DDT; D=DDD(TDE); E=DDE).
e Dash indicates below limits of detection. Space indicates residue was not sought (or not reported).
f "Remains" = fish after removal of fillets.
u>
00
-------
Table 7. PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
vo
Species
Penguin
Penguin
Penguin
Penguin
Brown skua
Bra*) skua
Blue eyed
shag
Blue eyed
shag
Penguin
Penguin
Crabeater
Crabeater
Miite pelican
White pelican
White pelican
Sample
Liver
Fat
Stoned
contents
Eggs
Liver
Fat
Liver
Fat
Liver
Fat
Fat
Liver
Carcass
Liver
Kidney
Residues3
DDTb
0.002-0.028
0.018-0.066
0.002-
0.022-0.049
1.12-4.33
6.690-28.50
0.014-0.024
0.072-0.183
0.016-0.115
0.024-0.152
0.039
0.013
63.0
30.7
17.0
Other
Dieldrin 0.001-0.006
Heptachlor epoxlde 0.000-0.006
BHC 0.002-0.013
Dieldrin 0.004-0.010
Heptachlor epoxlde 0.001-0.003
BHC 0.002-0.010
Dieldrin 0.001
BHC 0.001-0.005
Dieldrin 0.003-0.008
BHC 0.006-0.010
Dieldrin - *
Heptachlor epoxlde 0.035-0. 100
Dieldrin -
BHC - 0.050
Heptachlor epoxlde 0.120-0.730
Dieldrin 0.001-0.002
Heptachlor epoxlde 0.002
BHC 0.008
Dieldrin 0.004-0.006
BHC 0.009-0.012
e
Dieldrin 0.00
Toxaphene 4.0
Dieldrin 0.00
Toxaphene 8.0
Dieldrin -
Toxaphene 10.3
Geog. loc.°
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
i
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Antarctica
Tule Lake, N.E. Calif.
Tule Lake. N.E. Calif.
Tule Lake, N.E. Calif.
Ref.
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
563
563
563
563
349
349
349
Dated
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF OR6ANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
White pelican
White pelican
White pelican
Western greoe
Western grebe
Western grebe
Western grebe
American egret
American egret
Great blue
heron
Black crowned
night heron
Black crowned
night heron
Double crested
cormorant
California
gull
Ring-billed
gull
Blue-winged
teal
Sample
Brain
f
HLKM
HLKMB9
Carcass
Adipose
HLKM
Brain
Carcass
HLKMB
Carcass
Carcass
HLKMB
Carcass
HLKM
HLKMB
Whole
Residues9
DDT*> Other
27.1
23.4-54.0
12.5
75.5
459.5
16.6
14.5
102.7
42.8
3.0
12.0-18.0
4.0
24.0
16.1
1.3-9.6
Dleldrin
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrin
Toxaphene
Dleldrin
Toxaphene
Dieldrin
Toxaphene
Dleldrin
Toxaphene
Dleldrin
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Dieldrln
Toxaphene
Toxaphene
.
3.
3.2
3.
—
0.
_
0.
.
31
_
0.
-
-
.
9.
.
0.
-
0
2
5
3
.5
2
2
00
Geog. loc
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
c
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Ref.
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
Dated
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
10.0
_
Tule
Lake
, N.E.
Calif.
349
1966
15.0
.
0.
.
9.
.
0.
-
0.
7
00
5
00
00
Tule
Tule
Tule
Tule
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Nebraska
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
, N.E.
Lake.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Calif.
Neb.
349
349
349
349
349
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
•i v
Shoveller
Sandpiper
Black crowned
night heron
Coot
Mallard , A
Black duck
1
•' s
Black duck
. V 5
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
-
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Eggs
, 4
Eggs
Eggs
Eggs
Eggs
Eggs
Eggs
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
DDTb
0.115
0.24
0.28-2.10
0.35-1.90
0.36-2.43
0.19-1.33
0.22-1.27
0.44-2.69
0.29
0.56-3.52
1.15-4.18
2.25-14.56
Residues3
"'Other1'
.. :,'•*.
Toxaphene 12
Toxaphene 10
Toxaphene 64
Toxaphene 17
Toxaphene 10
Dieldrin 0.025
Heptachlor epoxide 0.0025
Dieldrin 0.025
Heptachlor epoxide 0.00
Dieldrin 0.10
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.02
Dieldrin 0.05
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.02
Dieldrin 0.08
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01
Dieldrin -
Heptachlor epoxide 0.006-0.02
Dieldrin -
Heptachlor epoxide 0.007-0.02
Dieldrin 0.07-0.81
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.05
Dieldrin -
Heptachlor epoxide -
Dieldrin 0.09-0.11
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.08
Dieldrin 0.06-0.09
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.04
Dieldrin 0.05-0.44
Geog. loc .
". •' • ; • '
Nebraska Lake, Neb.
Nebraska Lake, Neb.
Nebraska Lake, Neb.
..
Nebraska Lake, Neb.
Nebraska Lake, Neb.
Nova Scotia, Canada
New Brunswick, Canada
Quebec, Canada
Ontario, Canada
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
,
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Ref.
„-
349
349
349
,
349
349
387
387
387
387
/
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
Dated
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
Heptachlor epoxide 0.02
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
BBHHHBBBBB^^^^^^H^^^^_IM^^^^HI^^
Species
Black duck
Bald eagle
,
Bald eagle
Bald eagle
Bald eagle
Bald eagle
Bald eagle
Bald eagle
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
— ••— -
"imnln Residues*
oanplc ,-
DDTb
Egg 0.26-0.72
Carcass 34.9
Liver 88.0
Brain 31.6
Carcass 356.1
Liver 247.0
Brain 123.3
Carcass 9.68
Egg 0.7-22. 0(E)
Egg 0.1-3.1 (D)
Egg 0.0-3.8 (T)
Embryo 14.3
Other
Dieldrin 0.05-0.39
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.16
Dieldrin 6.5
Endrin -
Heptachlor epoxide 0.07
Dichlorobenzophene 0.5
Dieldrin 15.7
Endrin 0.1
Heptachlor epoxide 0.1
Dichlorobenzophene 0.8
Dieldrin 7.0
Endrin -
Dichlorobenzophene 0.3
Heptachlor epoxide 0.07
Dieldrin 5.3
Endrin 0.0
Heptachlor epoxide -
Dichlorobenzophene 3.5
Dieldrin 5.2
Endrin 0.0
Heptachlor epoxide 0.0
Dichlorobenzophene 2.6
Dieldrin 2.3
Endrin 0.00
Heptachlor epoxide 0.0
Dichlorobenzophene 0.0
Dieldrin .98
Heptachlor epoxide 0.15
Dieldrin 0.9
BHC 0.4
-
Dieldrin 0.6
— •
Geog. loc. c
Maryland
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
USA
England
England
England
England
^^^^^^^•^^^•M^^V^V^^^^^^^
Ref.
387
520
520
520
520
520
520
519
506
506
506
506
Dated
1973
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS.
Species
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Common murre
Common murre
White faced
ibis
White faced
ibis
Double crested
cormorant
Herring gull
Black duck
Bermuda
petrel
Bermuda
petrel
Bermuda
petrel
Bermuda
petrel
Bermuda
petrel
Great crested
grebe
Heron
Terns
Sample
Liver
Liver
Liver
Egg
Egg
Brain
Body
remainder
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Addled
egg
Chick in
egg
Chick
brain
Chick
1-2 days
old
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Egg
Residues3
DDTb Other
0.0-81.0 (E) Dieldrin 0.00-2.8
BHC 0.1-2.1
0.0-14.2 (D) Endrin 0.45
0.0-2.5 (T) Aldrin 70.02
2.12 (E)
240-395 EF
0.1-0.7 (E) Dieldrin 0.4-8.0
0.2-0.4 (E) Dieldrin 0.3-6.7
8.63-29.4(E)
2.83-5.67(E)
1.50
10.71-11.02
3.61
4.52-6.08
0.57
6.97
1.5-4.8 (E) Dieldrin 0.55-5.0
0.1-14.4 (E) Dieldrin 0-15.0
0.3-1.5 (E) Dieldrin 0.1-0.5
Geog. loc. c
England
England
England
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Gulf Coast, Texas
Gulf Coast, Texas
East Coast, Canada
East Coast, Canada
East Coast, Canada
Bermuda
Bermuda
Bermuda
Bermuda
Bermuda
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Ref.
506
506
506
250
250
207
207
665
665
665
659
659
659
659
659
622
622
622
Dated
1969
1969
1969
1971
1971
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1967
1967
1967
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Peregrine
falcon"
Great crested
grebe
Heron
Kittiwake
Herring gull
Guillemot
Guillemot
Razorbill
Shag
Shag
Heron
"* ••
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Heron
Sample
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Liver
Liver
Liver
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Liver
Liver
Residuesa
DDTb
2.6-30.8 (E)
1.5-13.3 (E)
2.4-21.0 (E)
0.1-0.2 (E)
0.2-0.9 (E)
1.5-4.0 (E)
0.5-0.9 (T)
2.9 (E)
3.1-4.3 (E)
1.1-1.3 (T)
0.2-14.2 (E)
0.0-0.3 (T)
0.0-3.6 (D)
0.4-190 (E)
0.0-0.2 (T)
0.0-12.0 (D)
5.2-12.0 (E)
0.2 (T)
1.0-3.6 (D)
6.1-30.0 (E)
2.0-2.8 (D)
Other
Dieldrin 0.1-1.1
Dieldrin 0.1-1.2
Dieldrin 2.5-12.8
Dieldrin -
Dieldrin 0.1-0.4
Dieldrin 0.1-2.0
Dieldrin 1.6
Dieldrin 2.5-3.3
Dieldrin 0.0-11.0
Dieldrin -
Dieldrin 0.0-20.3
Heptachlor epoxide 0.0-1.7
Dieldrin 11.0-15.0
Dieldrin 13.8-20.3
Geog. loc.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Ref.
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
622
Dated
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORSANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
U1
Species
Heron
Heron
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Western gull
Western gull
Western gull
Western gull
Pelagic
cormorant
Brandt's
cormorant
Brandt's
cormorant
Brandt's
cormorant
Brown pelican
Sample
Kidney
Kidney
Whole
Breast
muscle
Brain
Liver
Subcu-
taneous
fat
Egg
Breast
muscle
Brain
Subcu-
taneous
fat
Egg
Breast
muscle
Liver
Breast
muscle
Liver
Brain
Breast
muscle
Residues^
DDTb Other
21.0 (E) Dieldrin 10.5
4.0 (D)
1.0-15.4
2.0
0.7
1.0
56.0
10.8
9.2
1.8
211
6.5
0.8
V
0.7
4.4
3.3
1.2
84.5
Geog. loc.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, CaV.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Farallon Islands, Cal.
Tomales Bay, Calif.
Tomales Bay, Calif.
Tomales Bay, Calif.
Tomales Bay, Calif.
Tomales Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Ref.
622
622
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
d
Date
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Common murre
Ancient
murrelet
Red phalarope
Rhinoceros
auklet
Ful me r
Sooty
shearwater
Slender billed
shearwater
Cassin's
auklet
Ancient
murrelet
Fulmar
Red phalarope
Rhinoceros
auklet
Slender billed
shearwater
Sooty
shearwater
Peregrine
falcon
Immature
Peregrine
falcon
adult
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
breast
muscle
breast
muscle
Egg
Egg
Residues9
DDTb Other
7.3
0.75
1.0
2.7
1.9
8.4
32
5.8
0.75
0.41-3.4
0.78
2.7
32.0
10.3-12.3
13
104-112
- - 33.0(E) BHC 0-2.8
0-0.9 (D) Heptachlor epoxlde 0-4.3
Geog. loc.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Fa rail on Islands, Cal.
Faral 1 on Isl ands , Cal .
Fa rail on Islands, Cal.
Faral Ion Islands, Cal.
Faral Ion Islands, Cal.
Faral Ion Islands, Cal.
Faral Ion Islands, Cal.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Monterey Bay, Calif.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Ref.
531
531
531
531
531
531
531
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
512
512
Date
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1970
1970
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Peregrine
falcon
Guillemot
Guillemot
Guillemot
Razorbi 1 1
Razorbill
Razor bill
Kittiwake
Kittiwake
Kittiwake
Black-headed
gull
Black-headed
gull
Black-headed
gull
Shag
Shag
Shag
Golden plover
Golden plover
Golden plover
Gannet
Snowy egret
Black skimmer
Least tem
Brown pelican
Sample
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Liver
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Residues9
DDTb
0-1.2
0.5-6.5
0-0.8
0-0.4
0.9-5.4
0-0.1
0-1.0
- - 2.
0-0.5
0-0.5
0.5-2.8
-
0-0.10
0.3-7.9
0-0.6
0-1.3
0.43-2.
-
0.05-0.
<2-520
20.9
4.50
3.17
2.46
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
2 (E)
(D)
(F)
(E)
(0)
(T)
(E)
(D)
(T)
62(E)
(D)
23(T)
(E)EF
(E)OD
(E)OD
(E)OD
(E)OD
Other
HEOD 0-2.6
BHC 0-0. T
Heptachlor epoxide -
HEOD 0-1 .4
BHC 0-0.2
Heptachlor epoxide -
HEOD 0.2-3.0
BHC -
Heptachlor epoxide 0-0.1
HEOD 0-0.6
Heptachlor epoxide 0-0.10
BHC -
HEOD 0-1.2
BHC -
Heptachlor epoxide -
HEOD 0.1-4.2
BHC 0.5
Heptachlor epoxide 0.01-0.03
HEOD 0.09-0.11
Dieldrin <2-126
Geog. loc. C
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
Ref.
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
512
486
386
386
386
386
Date
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
-------
PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Laughing gull
White ibis
Graat egret
Great blue
heron
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
fal con
Peregri ne
falcon
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
adult
Sandwich tern
juvenile
Sample
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Brain
Fat
Muscle
Liver
Ovary
Liver
Liver
Brain
Brain
Whole
Whole
Liver
Residues*
DDTb Other
11.70 (E)OD
8.74 (E)OD
10.36 (E)OD
20.0 (E)OD
131 (A)OD
58.2 (A)OD
752 (A)OD
114 (A)OD
398 (A)OD
1,117 (E)OD
1.9-3.6 (E) Dieldrin 4.7-7.2
Telodrin 0.77-1.6
Endrin 0.50-0.80
1.1-2.1 (E) Dieldrin 2.8-3.4
Telodrin 0.50-1.1
Endrin 0.30-0.60
1.9-3.7 (E) Dieldrin 4.3-7.5
TeLodrin 0.80-1.1
Endrin 0.37-0.70
0.90-3.4 (E) Dieldrin 1.9-6.6
Telodrin 0.60-1.70
Geog. loc.
Ref.
West Coast, Florida 386
West Coast, Florida 386
West Coast, Florida 386
West Coast, Florida 386
Alaska 384
Alaska 384
Alaska 384
Alaska 384
Alaska 384
Alaska
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
384
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
Date"
1973
1973
1973
1973
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
-------
PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
— iw™^*™^— »— ^^•^•P*— •^•^(•M
Species
Sandwich tern
juvenile
Sandwich tern
juvenile
Sandwich tern
juvenile
Sandwich tem
chicks
Sandwich tern
chicks
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (female)
Eider (dead)
Eider (live)
Peregrine
falcon
^^^••^•^•••P II. • 1 !!••
Sample
Liver
Whole
Whole
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Brain
Brain
Breast
muscle
Breast
muscle
Fat
mesen-
teral
Fat
mesen-
teral
Liver
Liver
Egg
— — i • -
Residues^
DDTD
0.45-2.0 (E)
2.0-12 (E)
1.2 (E)
0.62 (E)
0.13 (E)
10.0 (E)
1.1-5.2 (E)
0.10-0.24(E)
107 (E)
Other
Endrin 0.10-1.2
Dieldrin 1.4-4.1
Telodrin 0.19-0.50
Endrin 0.10-0.70
Dieldrin 2.4-12
Telodrin 0.63-3.8
Endrin 0.19-1.3
Dieldrin 9.5
Telodrin 0.65
Endrin 0.47
Dieldrin 2.9
Telodrin 0.33
Endrin -
Dieldrin 2.3
Telodrin 0.30
Endrin 1.3
Dieldrin 35.0
Telodrin 3.0
Endrin 1.3
^^_--^M--MMWV-M--««----««-P-^— -^^^»*^^^«l^— -^^^»~h»*<^~'*^^HIH^
Geog. loc.
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
Yukon Territory, Can.
Ref.
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
366
349
Dated
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1972
-------
Ul
o
Species
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
f al con
Peregrine
f al con
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Peregrine
falcon
Great blue
heron
Gull
Tern
Double crested
cormorant
Brown pelican
White pelican
Bald eagle
Gannet
Sample
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
DDT
99
47
27
21
20
17
13
13
12
11
13
5-71
0.4-11
5-30
0.3-75
2
2-34
15
Re si due sa
b Other
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)
Geog. loc.c
Baja Calif., Mexico
Northwest Territory,
Canada
Alaska
Alberta, Canada
Northwest Territory,
Canada
British Columbia,
Canada
Yukon Territory and
Alaska
Quebec, Canada
Northwest Territory,
Canada
Quebec, Canada
Interior plains, USA
USA and Canada
Interior plains, USA
USA and Canada
Pacific Coast, USA
Interior plains, USA
USA and Canada
Atlantic Coast, USA
Ref.
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
Dated
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Brown booby
Spotted
sandpiper
Lesser
yellowleg
Common snipe
Dunlin
Kill deer
Long-billed
curlew
Willet
Black belly
plover
Marbled
godwi t
American
avocet
Red
phalarope
Dunlin
Short-billed
dowi tcher
Least
sandpiper
Willet
Northern
phalarope
Lesser
yell owl egs
Semi pal ma ted
plover
Sample
Egg
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
DDTb
0.3
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.1
0.64
3.2
2.5
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.62
0.52
0.25
0.24
3.9
0.56-3.7
0.27-2.0
0.30
Residues*
Other
(E)
(E)
(E)
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
Geog. loc.
Pacific Coast, USA
Alaska
Alaska
British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
Manitoba, Canada
Manitoba, Canada
Manitoba, Canada
Manitoba, Canada
Ref.
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
Dated
1972
1972
1972
7972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Ul
Species
American
woodcock
Common snipe
Long billed
curlew
Willet
Marbled
Godwit
Common
murre
Cassin's
auklet
Common murre
Cassin's
auklet
Cassin's
auklet
Craveri
murrelet
Craveri
murrelet
Rhiniceros
auklet
Ancient
murrelet
Ancient
murrelet
Ancient
murrelet
Marbled
murrelet
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Egg
Egg
Whole
Fat
Whole
Egg
Whole
Fat
Egg
Fat
Fat
Fat
DDTb
0.6-13.0
0.04
14.0
0.72
0.33
14.6
10.5
6.8
5.2
4.8
1.1-3.1
2.6
1.2
0.92
0.67
0.53
0.19
Residues^
Other
(E)est
(E)est
(E)est
(E)
(E)
(E)est
est
est
est
est
est
est
Geog. loc.c
New Brunswick, Canada
New Foundland, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Pacific Coast, USA
Pacific Coast, USA
Pacific Coast, USA
Pacific Coast, USA
Pacific Coast, USA
Far off USA Coast,
Pacific
Pacific Coast, USA
Far off USA Coast,
Pacific
Far off USA Coast,
Pacific
Pacific Coast, USA
Far off USA Coast,
Pacific
Far off USA Coast,
Pacific
Ref.
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
349
Dated
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
Species
Table 7 (continued). PRESENCE OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Sample
Residues"
nr>TD
Geog. loc.c
Other
Atlantic
Ref.
Date
Common
murre
Common
puffin
Dovekle
Egg
Egg
Fat
0.77
0.67
0.15 est
Far off USA Coast,
Atlantic
Far off USA Coast,
Atlantic
Far off USA Coast,
349
349
349
1972
1972
1972
a Residue data are expressed as parts per million based on wet weight unless otherwise designated (i.e., est.=estimated wet
weight derived by dividing residue concentration based on extractable fat by 10; EF=extractable fat basis; OD=oven dry
weight basis).
b Total DDT residues unless otherwise designated (i.e., E=DDE; D=DDD(TDE); T=DDT).
<• Geographic location within USA unless otherwise indicated.
d Refers to date of publication and not necessarily date of sample collection.
e Dash indicates below detectable limits. Space Indicates residue was not sought (or not reported).
f Composite of heart, liver, kidney and muscle.
9 Composite of heart, liver, kidney, muscle and brain.
n Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is included because it, in turn, preys on many species of fish-eating birds.
-------
salmon from Michigan and striped bass from Maryland and Florida (329).
Industrial Toxicants
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) are as widely distributed as DDT.
Because of similar molecular shape and composition, the physical and
chemical properties of PCB's also confer the same lipophilic character-
istic that allows biological accumulation and food chain magnification
(see Section II).
Estuarine organisms like fiddler crabs and shrimp readily pick up PCB's
from the sediments (465) and filter-feeding oysters accumulate these
chemicals, like organochlorine pesticides, from the water (395).
Like the organochlorine pesticides, PCB's accumulate to high levels in
organisms representing the tops of food chains (see Tables 8 and 9 for
industrial toxicants found in estuarine/marine fishes and fish-eating
birds, respectively). Fat from the eggs of California brown pelicans
contained 200 ppm PCB's while similar samples from the Baltic
white-tailed eagle contained 540 ppm (528). Although chemically-related,
there is some solid analytical evidence that PCT's are not as widespread
as PCB's in the environment (668). However, PCT's were found in the eggs
and fat of herring gulls from Nova Scotia (205).
There is an ever increasing list of "industrial toxicants" that have been
found in our waterways, many of which lead directly to the estuaries.
Phthalate esters have been found in water collected from the Charles
River in New England. Levels of 0.88 - 1.9 ppb were reported with higher
levels associated with increasing distances upstream (296). Mayer,
et al. (416) reported on PAE's in selected samples from North America.
They found from 0.09 ppb DNBP (di-n-butyl phthalate) in Missouri River
water to 200 ppb in Mississippi River channel catfish and 500 ppb in tad-
poles. Similar values for another phthalate, DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl
phthalate), were 4.9, 400 and 300 ppb. These residue levels were
roughly comparable to PCB levels in the same samples.
Although the above rivers drain directly into estuaries and one suspects
that phthalates, like other adsorbed toxicants, would "salt out" upon
reaching the saline environment, apparently very little published research
on phthalates has been directed specifically towards that habitat.
Phthalate esters were, however, detected in the eggs of gulls and
double-crested cormorants, in the blubber of a common seal (Phoca
vitulina) pup, in commercial fish food and in hatchery-reared juvenile
Atlantic salmon (205).
Although the preliminary work of Bowes, et al. (63) was aimed at deter-
mining levels of chlorinated dibenzofuraris and dibenzodioxins in wild-
life populations exhibiting embryonic mortality, it did not reveal either
of these two compounds. However, they reported hexachloronaphthalene in
gull eggs but no chlorinated compounds of interest in sea lion samples.
54
-------
Table 8. PRESENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Species
Northern anchovy
Shiner perch
English perch
Jack mackeral
Hake
Bluefin tuna
Bluefin tuna
Yellowfin tuna
Yellowfin tuna
Skipjack tuna
Skipjack tuna
Skipjack tuna
Sardine
Sardine
Herring
Perch
Herri ng
Sprats
Striped mullet
Rainbow trout
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Herring
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Liver
Liver
Muscle
Liver
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole
Residues a>b
1.0
0.4-1.2
0.04-0.11
0.02
0.12
0.04
0.04
_e
0.04
0.01
-
-
0.68-4.72
0.34-0.40
0.03-2.28
0.04-0.29
0.1-0.9
0.1-0.6
1.39 (estimate)
0.55
0.19-0.44
5.4-37
0.16-0.87
7.1-24
0.24-0.61
Geog. loc.c
Los Angeles, California
Northern California
Northern California
Southern California
Puget Sound
Southern California
Southern California
Galapagos Archipelago
Southern California
Hawai i
Hawaii
Galapagos Archipelago
Mediterranean Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Spain
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Scottish Coast
Scottish Coast
Mississippi River, Louisiana
Snake River, Idaho
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
fief.
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
35
35
667
667
301
301
293
293
325
325
325
325
325
Dated
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1973
1973
1974
1974
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
-------
TableS (continued). PRESENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Species
Herring
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Cod
Salmon
Salmon
Whitefish
Whitefish
Vendace
Vendace
Sprat
Sprat
Flounder
Flounder
Sample
Whole
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Li ver
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Muscle
Muscle
Liver
Liver
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
(EF)
Residues3'15
25-62
7.9
0.052
21
5.9
8-13
0.056-0.078
18-32
4.5-9.5
5.5-9.9
0.046-0.056
11-20
4.1-6.1
5.5-13
0.033-0.096
4.1-18
1.4-4.9
10-60
0.39-2.7
0.84-17
0.015-0.35
0.59-20
0.059-0.36
0.93-57
0.061-1.5
1.3-87
0.026-0.98
Geog. loc.c
Southern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Northern Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Middle Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Southern Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Mouth of Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Ref.
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
325
__ 325
325
Dated
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
1971
-------
Table 8 (continued). PRESENCE OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS IN ESTUARINE/MARINE FISHES
Species
Sample
Residues9'15
Geog. 1oc.c
Ref.
Date"
Plaice
Plaice
Eel
Eel
Lake trout
Lake trout
Lake trout
Lake trout
Lake trout
Whole (EF)
Whole
Whole (EF)
Whole (EF)
Belly tissue
Belly tissue
Belly tissue
Belly tissue
Belly tissue
0.9-14
0.015-0.14
0.4
4.7
2.7-13.8
Aroclor 1242 1.4-3.4
(30.8% of total)
Aroclor 1248 1.1-4.1
(26. 4X of total)
Aroclor 1254 1.8-7.7
(37.2? of total)
Aroclor 1262 0.9-1.8
(5.6% of total)
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea
Zuider Zee, Netherlands
Zuider Zee, Netherlands
Lake Superior, Michigan
Lake Superior, Michigan
Lake Superior, Michigan
Lake Superior, Michigan
Lake Superior, Michigan
325
325
217
217
480
480
480
480
480
1971
1971
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
Unless otherwise designated, data are for the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCS) Aroclor 1254 or particular Aroclor not in-
dicated by author (s).
b Residues (parts per million) expressed on the basis of sample wet weight unless otherwise denoted (i.e., EF-extractable
fat weight basis; OD=oven dry weight basis).
c Geographic location within USA unless otherwise indicated.
d Refers to date of publication, not date of sample collection.
e Dash indicates below limits of detection.
-------
Table 9. PRESENCE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Species
Sandwich tern
Razorbill
Little auk
Guillemot
Guillemot
Kingfisher
Gannet
Snowy egret
Black skimmer
Least tern
Brown pelican
Ui
co Laughing gull
White ibis
Great egret
Great blue heron
Sooty tern
Fairy tern
Red phalarope
Long-billed
curlew
Willet
Marbled godwit
Peregrine falcon6
Guillemot
Razorbi 1 1
Sample
Egg
Egg
Liver
Liver
Egg
Liver
Liver
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Fat
Fat
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Eggs
Eggs
Eggs
Residues3
1-10
7
1
8
5
0-40
<4-9.57 EF
161 OD
2.10 OD
11.6 OD
1.30 OD
17.2 OD
9.8 OD
7.5 OD
7.5 OD
0-39.7 EF
-d EF
1.03
0.48
2.28
0.87
0-6.0
2.0-8.0
6.0-7.0
Geog. loc.b
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
West Coast, Florida
Ascensian Island, S. Atlantic
Ascensian Island, S. Atlantic
California
Alberta, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Alberta, Canada
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Ref.
507
507
507
507
507
507
486
386
386
386
386
386
386
386
386
332
332
349
349
349
349
512
-512
512
Datec
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1972
1972
1972
1972
1969
1969
1969
-------
Table 9 (continued). PRESENCE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
Ul
Species
Kittiwake
Shag
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Bittern
Osprey
Osprey
Peregrine falcon
Water rail
Moorhen
Oystercatcher
Lapwing
Ringed plover
Great skua
Herring gull
Black-headed gull
Kittiwake
Common tern
Common tern
Pink-footed
shearwater
Sooty shearwater
Slender billed
shearwater
Wilson's petrel
Sample
Eggs
Eggs
Liver
Egg
Liver
Liver
Egg
Egg
Liver
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Liver
Egg
Liver
Egg
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Residues3
3.0-8.0
3.0-5.0
30-40
40
<1-10
5-20
0-2
0-6
1
0-15
0-1
0
<1-1
25
1
0
5
0
1-2
0.4
1.1
2.1
2.1
b
Geog. loc.
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain
Chile
New Zealand
Australia
Hal let Station, Antarctica
Ref.
512
512
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
507
528
528
528
528
Datec
1969
1969
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
Table 9 (continued). PRESENCE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
o\
Species
Wilson's petrel
Giant petrel
Snow petrel
Cassin's auklet
Ancient murrelet
Fulmar
Red phalarope
Rhinocerous auklet
Slender billed
shearwater
Sooty shearwater
Peregrine falcon
mature
Peregrine falcon
immature
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Black duck
Sample
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Whole
Breast muscle
Breast muscle
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Residues3
33
0.2
0.08
0.16
0.15
0.08-0.34
0.10
0.36
0.21
0.9-1.2
22-109
10.5
0.25
0.50
1.0-2.0
0.5-3.00
0.50
0.50
1.0-2.0
1.00-6.90
—
0.50-2.00
1.00-4.0
1.00-2.00
' ' b
Geog. loc.
Palmer Station, Antarctica
Palmer Station, Antarctica
Ballet Station, Antarctica
Farallon Islands, California
Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Bay, California
Monterey Bay, California
California and Arctic
California
Nova Scotia, Canada
New Brunswick, Canada
Quebec, Canada
Ontario, Canada
Maine, Canada
New Hampshire, Canada
Vermont, Canada
Massachusetts, Canada
Connecticut, Canada
New York, Canada
New Jersey, Canada
Delaware, Canada
Ref.
528
528
528
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
526
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
387
Date0
1972
1972
1972
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1969
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
-------
Table 9 (continued). PRESENCE OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN FISH-EATING BIRDS
•••••••••_l^^_H>v^^^^^^.wvvw^^^HB
Species
Black duck
Great crested
grebe
Great crested
grebe
Common murre
Double-crested
cormorant
Herring gull
Black duck
Ashy petrel
Leach's petrel
Ashy petrel
Black petrel
Least petrel
Fulmar
Sample
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Egg
Whole
Egg
Egg
Whole
Whole
Whole
• •• ^ mfl^^^^^^^^^^^^^^i,,w^,,,^r^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^m^^^^^
Residues3
0.50
38.0
28.0-40.0
5.13
17.2-43.5
5.54-12.6
9.10
21.0
130-370 EF
37
1.0
0.4
2.3
Geog. loc.
Maryland, Canada
Kent, England
England
Farallon Islands, California
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Atlantic Coast, Canada
Pacific Coast, California
Baja, California
Pacific Coast, California
Gulf of California
Gulf of California
Alaska
Ref.
387
506
5.06
250
665
665
665
528
528
528
528
528
528
Datec
1973
1969
1969
1971
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
a Residue values are in parts per million based on wet weight of sample unless denoted otherwise (i.e., OD=oven dry weight
basis; EF=extractable fat weight basis).
b Location within USA unless otherwise stated.
9 Refers to date of publication and not necessarily to date of sample collection.
Dash indicates below limits of detection.
Peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is included because it, in turn, preys on many species of fish-eating birds.
-------
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
Scientists (and/or their sponsors) seem to consider this aspect of
synthetic organic compounds (SOC's) fairly important. The fact that
approximately 10 percent of publications included in the bibliography
(Section VIII) deal with some aspect of 'geographic distribution1
attests this interest.
By far, the majority of research on the distribution of SOC's has dealt
with organochlorines, some of which included PCB's. However, some work
has specifically addressed the distribution of PCB's at the oceanic or
global (211, 240, 276, 278, 533), national (39, 59, 211, 325), state or
provincial (18, 549), and local level (463).
A variety of media and taxa have been used to characterize geographic
distribution of SOC's. However, the most popular estuarine or marine
animals seem to be the least suitable from the standpoint of mobility.
Migratory birds and, to a lesser extent, mammals have been repeatedly
analyzed in this regard (18, 39, 42, 48, 59, 120, 286, 287, 299, 300,
348, 367, 369, 370, 446, 519, 613, 648), while fish (46, 133, 325, 329,
463, 570, 662, 667), shellfish and crabs (68, 72, 105, 110, 208, 463,
570), water and/or plankton (136, 158, 276, 278, 533, 646), and sediments
(143, 274, 463, 540) have also been used.
Efforts to reveal the distribution of SOC's in the various large bodies
of marine water include the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean (68, 230), the
Atlantic (68, 276, 278, 533), the Baltic (211, 325), and the polar
Arctic and Antarctic (338).
The geographic distribution of pesticides has also been discussed in the
light of several source considerations, including the location of their
manufacture (373), agricultural runoff (540), sewage outfall (549), and
atmospheric distribution (1, 579). Review or conference level attention
has addressed this topic such as the 1971 work of Zitko and Choi (664),
who produced a fairly comprehensive list of PCB's and other halogenated
hydrocarbons found in marine fishes, mammals and fish-eating birds. With
the exception of Escambia Bay (Florida, U.S.A.), where a PCB-spill had
occurred, PCB levels in whole fish or muscle tissue ranged usually
between 0.5 and 1 ppm (wet weight basis). Within coastal United States,
the higher levels seemed to come from New Jersey and California while
salmon from Lake Michigan were reported to contain almost 15 ppm PCB's.
Seals (blubber) from the Archipelago of Stockholm contained 6 ppm PCB
while those from the Sable Islands contained 20 ppm. By far, the
tissues and eggs from fish-eating birds contained the highest levels and
widest range of PCB levels. This is partially because of the number of
samples analyzed and the global nature of the samples but of great
significance is the variety of tissues sampled. For instance, muscle
from a shot herring gull (Larus argentatus) contained only 5 ppm PCB but
Subcutaneous fat contained 75 ppm.
62
-------
Similarly, Risebrough and de Lappe (528), in 1972, summarized PCB's in
fish from representative areas of the oceans and found that the highest
levels were in fish from Tokyo Bay and Long Island Sound (New York,
U.S.A.). Their compilation indicated that PCB levels in fish were
comparable for the Nova Scotia banks and Swedish waters. As a monitor of
coastal waters, the eggs of the brown pelican (Pelicanus occidental is) '
seem to be useful. Data presented by Risebrough and de Lappe are quite
interesting.in this respect. The lowest levels were found,in pelican
eggs (i.e.,lipids) from Panama and Venezuela (4 and 5 ppm, respectively);
intermediate levels were found in samples from Western Baja (California)
and Florida (39-72 and 71 ppm, respectively) while the highest PCB
levels (266 and 210 ppm) were found in eggs from pelican colonies in
Los Coronados and Anacapa Island (California), respectively.
The NSF/IDOE Pollution Transfer Program (157) is making significant
inroads into the distribution of SOC's but was still in the early stages
of attaining its original objectives at the time of their writing.
Goldberg et al. (453) in the 1971 SCEP publication estimated that, on a
global basis (but excluding estuaries), plankton contained 3 x 10'g and
fish 6 x 108g of DDT residues. They pointed out that both figures were
insignificant fractions of the total annual input to the environment
(i.e.,10''g), but did not address the high levels frequently found in
estuarine environments.
Estuarine shellfish have been used as biological integrators of SOC's
in many scientific endeavors. Nimmo et al. (463) used a variety of
estuarine organisms plus sediment cores to elucidate the distribution of
the PCB, Aroclor 1254, in Escambia Bay. Check and Canario (105) used the
quahog or hard-shell clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) in Rhode Island's
coastal waters to characterize the distribution of common organochlorine
pesticides. Another shellfish, Crassostrea commercial is,was the animal
of choice for Clegg in a similar effort in Moreton Bay (Queensland,
Australia).
The most extensive effort along these lines, however, has been that of ,
the National Pesticide Monitoring Program in the United States as
described by Butler (676). It (as reported in 1973) involved the
analysis of over 8,000 samples for 15 organochlorines in 15 coastal
states. DDT residues were ubiquitous, occurring in 63 percent of all
samples analyzed. Dieldrin was the next most commonly found organo-
chlorine (15 percent incidence). California, Alabama and Florida were
noteworthy as having the greatest incidence of DDT residues in the
101-1,000 ppb (parts per billion) range. Of those states having greater
than 5 ppb dieldrin, New York showed the greatest incidence, followed
(in descending order) by California, Georgia, Texas and Virginia.
In a later report, Butler (86) reported on the special and temporal
trends of the above monitoring program. He stated that, "The lowest
averaqe incidence of DDT positive samples were found, in order, in
63
-------
Washington, Georgia and Maine. Highest incidence rates were observed
in New Jersey, Alabama, North Carolina and California. However, the
largest residues of DDT and its metabolites were found in samples
collected from the estuaries of Florida, California and Texas."
Because of the rate at which filter-feeding oysters and clams purge
themselves of residues and because many fishes have wide and unknown
ranges of movement, some investigators have sought other estuarine
organisms as biological integrators. One particularly productive effort
was that described by Burnett (72) who used the common surf zone sand
crab (Emerita analoga) to delineate the distribution of DDT along the
California coast. His findings revealed that animals near the Los Angeles
County sewer outfall contained over 45 times as much DDT as did animals
near major agricultural drainages. The effluent from a DDT manufacturing
plant was the probable source.
64
-------
SECTION IV ,
TOXICOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ON ESTUARINE LIFE
PESTICIDES
General and Lethal Effects
The sensitivity of a particular taxonomic group to any particular toxicant
will vary appreciably. Although toxic to crustaceans, the carbamate
Sevin is fairly nontoxic to fish and mammals (394). In very general
terms, Table 10 (reworked from Butler, 74) displays the relative toxicities
of different pesticide groups to estuarine fauna.
In a toxicity test which included 12 insecticides and 7 species of
estuarine fish, the descending order of toxicity was: endrin, DDT,
dieldrin, aldrin, dioxathion, heptachlor, lindane, methoxychlor,
Phosdrin, malathion, DDVP, and methyl parathion (180). For a more
comprehensive listing of the toxic effects on estuarine life, by pesti-
cide, the reader is encouraged to look at Table 3 of reference number 683.
Some organochlorines, like mirex, a chemical used to control the imported
fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima.in the southeastern states, are particu-
larly toxic to estuarine organisms. For example, juvenile shrimp and
crabs died when exposed to one particle of mirex bait; and 1 ppb (part
per billion) mirex in sea water killed 100 percent of the shrimp
exposed (396). At the other end of the food chain, correlative evidence
exists that the organochlorine, dieldrin, has been responsible for the
death of some bald eagles in the United States (39) and peregrine falcons
in Great Britain (54).
Hexachlorobenzene has been shown to be especially toxic to birds under
laboratory conditions (685), but no tests on estuarine species have been
reported to the authors' knowledge.
For a cross section of lethal and other toxic effects of organochlorines,
organophosphates, carbamates and other pesticides on estuarine organisms,
see Tables 11,12,13 & 14, respectively.
65
-------
Table 10. RELATIVE SENSITIVITY OF TYPICAL ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
TO THREE MAJOR GROUPS OF PESTICIDES. HIGHER NUMBERS
REFLECT GREATER SENSITIVITY3
Organism
Plankton
Shrimp
Crab
Oyster
Fish
Herbicides
1
1
1
1
1
Pesticide type
Organophosphates
0.5
1,000
800
1
2
Organochlorines
3
300
100
100
500
Reworked from Butler (74),
66
-------
Table 11. EFFECTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Seven pesticides; .1 to 5
ppb; 5 year monitoring
Endrin, aldrin, heptachlor
Dieldrin, kepone
DOT, 1 ppb
DDT - toxaphene, parathion -
together and separately,
< 3.0 ppb
Twelve pesticides ranging from
lindane, 9.10 ppm to CoRal
0.11 ppm
Twelve pesticides ranging from
lindane and aldrin <10 ppm,
to N3514, <1.0 ppm
DDT >1 ppm and
<1 ppm
DDT in oil spray, -2-1.6 Ib/A
0.3 to 0.8 Ib/A
repeated applications
Aldrin 0.2 Ib/A
Taxa
Clams
Oysters
Oysters
Oysters
Clam
Oysters
Oyster eggs and
larvae
Clam eggs
Oyster
Isopods
Amp hi pods
Prawns
Blue crab
Crabs
Insects
Marsh crabs
Fish
Molluscs
Insects
Prawns
Crabs
Fish
Observed effects
Different species take up pesticides at specific
rates. Sublethal long range effects more sig-
nificant than acute toxicity
Linear relation between concentration and shell growth
Sharp threshold of toxicity relative to shell growth
No effects for 3 months; 30% mortality 4th month
10% less body weight; tissue changes, loss of resis-
tance to parasite
50% of eggs develop normally at given concentrations
Same as above
Remain closed or show spasmodic shell movements at
higher levels; decrease in shell deposition at
lower levels
High mortality
High mortality
High mortality
10-100% mortality
High mortality
High mortality
Resistant
Some deaths
Not affected
More affected than by DDT
Less affected than by DDT
Less affected than by DDT
Less affected than by DDT
Ref.
84
76
76
76
397
146
146
78
571
571
571
-------
Table 11 (continued). EFFECTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Gamna BHC 0.2 Ib/A
DDT - 2 ppm fed
DDT 1-500 ppb
DDT 0.2 Ib/A
Strobane 0.3 Ib/A
BHC 0.1 Ib/A
Dieldrin
0.6-12 ppb
3.0 ppb
Dieldrin
3-12 ppb
1 .5 and 7.5 ppb
Aldrin and dieldrin
DDT
1.0 ppb/2 wks
0.1 ppb/ 5 wks
Taxa
Crabs
Fish
Shrimp
Phytoplankton
Fish
Crabs
Three species
crabs
Fiddler crabs
Sailfin molly
Sailfin molly
Fiddler crab and
trout tissues
Fish
Observed effects
Most toxic insecticide tested
50% mortality; DDT in dead laboratory animals less
than in seemingly healthy ones in field
Photosynthesis reduced
Some mortality among animals that could net avoid
pesticides
Same as DDT
Lost ability to escape predators
Killed by 72 hours; raised serum glutamic oxalo-
acetic transaminase to 1,500 to 1,700 units.
Survived to 120 hours; raised SGOT to 6,006 to
11,954 units
100% mortality 1st to 31st week
More than half survived to week 34; growth and
reproduction adversely affected
Selectively inhibited cholinesterase activity in
homogenized tissues. Cholinesterase very sensi-
tive to small amounts of pesticide
Maximum concentration reached at 2 weeks
38,000 x test water cone. Loss of 78-87% in
Ref.
571
77
657
657
657
228
688
689
253
272
DDT, endrin, 0.1 to
.00001 ppm
DDT 50 ppm
8 weeks
Minnows Avoided water containing pesticides; did not dis-
tinguish concentration differences
Eel intestine Inhibition of water absorption; inhibition of
(Na+ and K+) activated Mg 2+ - dependent
adenosine triphosphatase
262
318
-------
Table 11 (continued). EFFECTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Mi rex, 1-5 particles of
bait in standing sea water
or Mi rex in flowing sea
water 1.0 to 0.1 ppb
DDT 2-5 - ppm
DDT <1 ppm
DDT 2-4 ppm on food
DDT in flowing sea water
0.1 ppm
0.05 ppm
DDT in flowing sea water
10 ppb
DDT
0.05 to 0.17 ppb
0.12 to 0.20 ppb
Mirex .001, .1, 1.0 and 10 ppb
DDT 10 ppm on detritus
Toxaphene
Taxa
Juvenile shrimp
Juvenile shrimp
Juvenile blue
crab
Fiddler crabs
Fish
Shrimp
Crab
Fish
Pinfish
Oyster
Fish
Shrimp
Shrimp
Shrimp
Juvenile shrimp
Shrimp
Crab larvae
Fiddler crabs
Fish
Shrimp, crabs
Observed effects Ref.
40 to 100% mortality 396
Up to 100% mortality delayed until shrimp in Mirex
free water
Up to 96% mortality, delayed
Accumulated Mirex in bodies
Accumulated Mirex in bodies. Gill parasites reduced
35-100% mortality 81
Accumulated DDT in bodies
Feeding and shell growth stopped. Erratic shell 80
movements
50% mortality in 2-4 weeks 80
Lowered Na+ and K+ in hepat ^increas 460
Change in Na"1" and K onl, after day 20
100% mortality 461
DDT concentrates in hepatopancreas. Flushed from 464
hepatopancreas within 6 weeks
100% mortality 18 to 28 days
Larval stages prolonged. Increased mortality 55
100% lost coordination by day 5. Three-fold 471
accumulation in claw muscles
Established 96 hour TLcg values; includes data on 132
synergy and histopathology
DDE
Duck
Eggshell thinning complete after 4 days on 40 ppm
diet; electron microscopy
690
-------
Table 11 (continued). EFFECTS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
DDE, dieldrin
DDT group, dieldrin, heptachlor,
toxaphene
DDE
Dieldrin .1-50 ppm
Taxa
Duck
Duck
Duck
Fiddler crabs
Observed effects
20 ppm DDT or 10 ppm dietary doses resulted in egg-
shell thinning
Established effects on eggshell thinning
LC5Q values varied with age of ducks (1200-1600 ppm)
Levels correlated with maladaptive behavior and mor-
Ref.
147
257
221
357
tality. Latent effects
-------
Table 12. EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Parathion
Four pesticides ranging
from guthlon .62 ppm
to TEPP 10 ppm
Malathlon
Ours ban
10-. 01 ppm
Paraoxon, DDVP
Parathion, methyl
parathlon
Malathion, naled,
guthlon, parathlon
Taxa
Oysters
Oyster eggs
Clam eggs
Minnows
Fiddler crab and
trout tissues
Fishes and
pink shrimp
Observed effects
Sharp threshold of toxlcity relative to shell growth
50% of eggs develop normally
Did not avoid malathion
Did avoid dursban
Selectively inhibited cholinesterase activity in
homogenized tissues. Cholinesterase sensitive to
small amounts of pesticide
Revealed comparative AChE inhibition
Ref.
76
146
262
253
123
Parathion
Duck
Established effect on eggshell thinning
257
-------
Table 13. EFFECTS OF CARBAMATE PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Sevin 0.1 ppm
Sevin 0.01-10 ppm
Sevin
Matacil , mesurol,
zectran, Baygon,
Taxa
Juvenile fish
Minnows
Gastropod
(oyster drill)
Fiddler crab and
trout tissue
Observed effects
Survived normally, neural parasite may not be related
to toxicant
Did not avoid Sevin
Swelling at 6-7 hours exposure
Selectively inhibited cholinesterase activity in
homogenized tissues. Cholinesterase very sensitive
Ref.
394
262
649
253
Sevin
to small amounts of pesticides
-------
Table 14. EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES, BACTERIOCIDES, AND OTHER PESTICIDES ON ESTUARINE ORGANISMS
U)
Treatment
12 herbicides ranging
from amitrol 733 ppm
to si 1 vex 6 ppm and
the nematocide, nemagon
10 ppm
Ni neteen bacteri oci des ,
algicides, fungicides,
from untinted sulmet
1000 ppm to phygon
.014 ppm
2,4-D acid
Four herbicides in sea
water
2,4-D, 0.01-10 ppm
Antimycin A 7 ppb
Taxa
Oyster eggs
Clam eggs
Oyster eggs
Clam eggs
Duck
Six general algae
Minnows
Thirty-eight species fish
Observed effects
50% developed normally
50% developed normally
Established effect on eggshell thinning
Carbohydrate concentration depressed. Varies with
salinity
Avoidance of herbicide
Killed in three days
Ref.
146
146
257
626
267
686
Polystream (chlorinated
benzenes)
Other fish
Oysters
Plankton
Crabs
Oyster drill
No effect
Under recommended dosage, 50% of animals killed by
day seven
649
-------
Sublethal Effects
Environmental contaminants in concentrations too low to cause death in
estuarine organisms may, nevertheless, have profound effects on the con-
tinued existence of many species. Even minute quantities of toxicants
may cause behavioral, biochemical, physiological, reproductive, develop-
mental and other changes that interfere with a species' ability to
survive in its habitat. The categorization of these changes is somewhat
of an arbitrary one selected for simplicity by the authors. It is obvious,
however, that there is great overlap of these categories. Changes in
behavior, for example, affect the organism's ability to perform court-
ship rituals (357, 471, 573), thus affecting reproduction. Physiological
and biochemical changes likewise affect growth, development, and repro-
duction.
Behavior—
In 1955, Jordan (683), trying to control the crab.Sesarma africanum,
noted loss of coordination without mortality occurring with exposure to
concentrations of crude BHC as low as 0.65 ppm. In 1957, George and his
associates (679) observed that, in an estuary sprayed with DDT, BHC, and
Strobane, fiddler crabs showed lack of coordination which rendered them
unable to escape predators.
Although crustaceans are generally more sensitive to pesticides than
fishes (270), little has been done to investigate their ability to detect
and avoid pesticide contamination. Hansen et al. (270) found that adult
grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) avoided water containing the herbicide
2,4-D at concentrations of 1 and 10 ppm, and selected the lower concen-
tration when given a choice. However they did not avoid water containing
DDT, endrin, dursban, malathion, or Sevin. Adult sheepshead minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus) avoided water containing DDT, endrin, dursban,
and 2,4-D, but did not avoid Sevin or malathion. When exposed to differ-
ent concentrations of the same pesticide, fish avoided the highest con-
centration of 2,4-D, but preferred the higher concentration of DDT (i.e.,
0.1 vs. 0.01 ppm). They did not distinguish between other concentrations
of 2,4-D or between different concentrations of endrin or dursban (262).
Hansen and co-workers (266), experimenting with mosquitofish (Gambusia
affinis), tested the fishes' ability to avoid two organochlorine
pesticides, two organophosphates, and one carbamate. They avoided DDT,
dursban, malathion, Sevin and 2,4-D in water, but did not avoid endrin.
The fish were also able to distinguish between certain concentrations of
dursban and 2,4-D, seeking the lower concentration when given a choice
between 10 ppm and 1 ppm.
Many vital activities such as escape from predators, feeding, and repro-
duction are integrally dependent on coordination and control of the
organism's movements. In an early study, Springer and Webster (573)
noted that fiddler crabs showed sluggish, uncoordinated behavior following
DDT spraying of a salt marsh, and became ready prey to carnivorous birds.
Clam worms (Nereis sp.) similarly became sluggish following the spraying
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of their habitat with DDT (573). Odum and his associates (471) observed
that fiddler crabs (Ucapuflnax) survived being fed detritus containing
10 ppm DDT residues, but showed loss of coordination, stumbling and
rolling over, as well as general sluggishness. Klein and Lincer found
that adults of another species of fiddler crab (U. piigilator) were
unable or less able to run from threat or to rigfit themselves when fed
0.1 or 1.0 ppm dieldrin. Fiddlers were also unable to convey food to
their mouths when fed 10 or 50 ppm dieldrin. Degree of impairment was
dose-related and persisted after feeding of dieldrin ended (357).
At least two review articles (581, 583) conclude that the maladaptive
behavioral responses of vertebrates in contact with various pesticides
include hyperactivity and hypersensitivity to stimuli, rather than loss
of coordination. Several strictly freshwater and some euryhaline
species of fish displayed the above symptoms and became hyperirritable.
Salmon (Salmo salar) in rivers where DDT had been sprayed became over-
sensitive to cold. Ogilvie and Anderson also reported that Atlantic
salmon showed preference for lower temperatures than that to which they
had been acclimated after 24 hours exposure to 5 and 50 ppb DDT. In
addition, they showed hyperactive avoidance response to temperature
change in the water (473). Mosquitofish aborted their young when exposed
to DDT, ODD, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, toxaphene,
heptachlor, and lindane. These pathological behaviors in fish would
undoubtedly interfere with the normal reactions in the field that are
essential to escape predators, to feed, or to reproduce.
The Stickels1, in their respective review articles (581, 583), suggest
that hyperirritability and hyperactivity in birds would interfere with
proper incubation of eggs. Gulls and eagles increased egg breakage in
their nests, possibly due to increased restlessness or clumsiness.
Herring gulls containing high DDT residues also became aggressive and
restless; behavior which would contribute to egg breakage, especially if
the eggshells had been thinned due to DDE or other stresses. Woodwell
(653) states that DDT may inhibit reproduction in carnivorous birds;
birds which, because of their trophic position, would be most likely to
contain the highest residues.
Conditioned response learning has been used as a measure of toxic sub-
lethal effect. Atlantic salmon (S_. salar) parr and speckled trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis) yearlings showed no effect in avoidance learning
by exposure to DDT (316). However, Warner et al. (629) found that con-
ditioning responses were species-specific and dose-dependent in
more-strictly freshwater species. For instance, toxaphene and TEPP
actually improved learning of avoidance conditioning and habituation
rates in goldfish, possibly as a result of increased responsiveness to
stimuli.
Lowe reported that although only 22 percent of the blue crabs (Callinectes
sapidus) survived when exposed for 9 months to 0.5 and 0.25 ppb DDT, the
survivors fed, molted, and grew normally (392). Lowe et al. stated that
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juvenile blue crabs and juvenile pink shrimp showed no symptoms of
poisoning during 96 hours' exposure to 0.1 ppm mirex, but became irritable
and paralyzed, then died within 18 days after being placed in mtrex-free
water (396).
Salinity preferences and interorganism responses have an important1
bearing on a species' ability to select appropriate habitat in an
estuary. Mosquitofish exposed to DDT selected water of increased
salinity, but malathion had no such effect (263). Schooling of juvenile
silversides (Menidia menidia) was disrupted by exposure to Sevin. It was
pointed out that the group hydrodynamic effect of schooling may be
important in conserving energy and survival of schooling fish (635).
As Butler emphasizes, the effects of various chemicals on animal behavior
cannot be predicted by chemical classification or chemical relationships
(84). Similarly, Warner and his associates point out that since
responses are species-specific, and dependent on the background behavior
of each species, generalizations cannot be made across species (629).
Growth and Development--
Abnormalities of growth and development of estuarine species in response
to minute quantities of synthetic organic compounds, in even a minimally
contaminated habitat, will affect the survival of such species. The
effects of sublethal quantities of synthetic organic compounds in the
estuarine environment are not, generally, immediately observable.
Studies on the growth and development of various organisms indicate that
effects on these processes, while subtle, may be consistent enough to
provide even a bioassay method (82).
There have been attempts to quantify the effects of pesticides on^growth
and photosynthesis of marine phytoplankton. Menzel et al. (424) exposed
four species of phytoplankton to DDT, dieldrin, and endrin. Effects
varied both with species and with concentration of toxicants used and
effects on cell division ranged from none to total inhibition. Carbon
uptake, as a measure of photosynthesis, varied considerably across species.
Artificial seawater, supplemented with vitamins and trace elements, was
used by Walsh (624) as a growth medium for several species of unicellular
algae. The 30 herbicides tested inhibited oxygen evolution and auto-
trophic growth. The urea and triazine herbicides were the strongest
inhibitors of oxygen evolution and the most toxic to growth. Their
effects were immediate on all genera, indicating that herbicides are
absorbed quickly by the marine algae. Results varied among the algal
species tested, but consistently less herbicide was required for inhibi-
tion of growth than for inhibition of oxygen evolution. Powers et al.
(716) found that DDE, at concentrations as low as 0.1 parts per thousand
million (109), significantly inhibited growth of the marine dinoflagellate,
Exuviella baltica.
Sears and Yentsch (552) used oxygen production as a measure of photo-
synthesis by three species of macroscopic algae. There was no consistent
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effect of DDT on this function. However, the rate of photosynthesis
varied greatly with the amount of stirring of the seawater, a factor
which may have affected the observations.
Studies of the effects of pesticides on mollusks are of special interest
since their sessile life style makes them suitable for bioassay use (82).
Using the oyster (Crassostrea virginica) as a test organism for 200
different pesticides, Butler (82) found that chronic exposure to insecti-
cides and fungicides slowed or halted shell deposition. However, in some
instances, growth rate change was not evident until,several months after
the start of chronic exposure to pesticides. Some pesticides had no
significant effect throughout the 5 months of exposure. Butler (84)
concluded that many pesticides have a threshold of toxicity below which
no ill effects occur despite prolonged exposure. He exposed one group of
juvenile (2.5 cm.) oysters to sublethal concentrations of aldrin,
malathion, and toxaphene from March through August and another group to
dyrene, endrin, naled, and DMPA from July to December. Concentrations
used were one-tenth the amount needed to cause a 50 percent decrease in
shell growth in 96 hour bioassay test. No difference in growth from
controls occurred. Lowe et al. (397) reared juvenile (2.7 cm.) oysters
to maturity in seawater containing DDT, toxaphene, and parathion,
separately and as a mixture. The individual pesticides caused no signi-
ficant effects on growth during 9 months exposure to 1 ppb. However a
combination of the 3 pesticides, each at 1 ppb, slowed growth rate 10
percent.
The effects of 52 compounds, including insecticides, herbicides, fungi-
cides, etc., were noted on eggs and larvae of hard clams (Mercenaria
mercenaria) and oysters. Most compounds were more toxic to larvae than
to embryos, although the reverse was occasionally true. Also TLm values
were shown useful only for rough comparisons of toxicity since some
compounds reduce rates of growth of larvae at concentrations too low to
cause appreciable mortality. Conversely, others may kill embryos at
concentrations too low to affect growth of larvae. For example both
endrin and dieldrin had 14-day TLm's (for oyster larvae) greater than
10 ppm, but at concentrations of only 1 ppm they reduced the rate of
growth of these larvae drastically. Other compounds, such as Nemagon,
aldrin and toxaphene, permitted development of embryos at higher concen-
trations than those at which the larvae could survive. Conversely, some
compounds (e.g. Griseofulvin and Endothal) almost completely stopped
embryonic development at concentrations too low to affect survival and
growth of larvae (146).
Seven developmental stages of eggs of bay mussels (Mytilus edulis) were
exposed for one hour to various concentrations of Sevin and its first
hydrolytic product, 1-naphthol. At all stages, abnormalities of develop-
ment, such as disjunction of blastomeres, reduction of growth rate,
asynchronous and unaligned cleavages, were observed. Sensitivity
decreased as age of embryo increased, but eggs from a single female also
varied in sensitivity (28). Seed mussels reduced byssal attachment in
high concentrations of 5 organochlorines, Carbaryl and Trichlorphon.
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Endosulfan was the most toxic of the chemicals tested; 0.045ppm causing
50 percent reduction in byssal attachment in mussels exposed for 24
hours. Trichlorphon was least toxic, having no effect on byssal attach-
ment in concentrations less than 30 ppm. Queen scallops (Chlamys
opercularis) showed greater sensitivity to Endosulfan than mussels (536).
Liu and Lee (705) reported that although adult mussels were able to
tolerate a saturated solution (0.20 ppm) of Treflan and embryo shell
development was not affected by Treflan at a concentration half that of its
solubility in seawater, larval growth and metamorphosis were reduced.
Solutions of methoxychlor as high as 0.092 ppm were not lethal to adult
mussels, and eggs developed normally. However larval growth was depressed
and metamorphosis inhibited. Malathion and 2,4-D adversely affected all
life stages of the mussel at concentrations of 20 percent and 25 percent,
respectively, of the estimated solubility in seawater of these toxicants.
Lowe (392) found no adverse effects on the growth of juvenile blue crabs
(Callinectes sapidus) when exposed to 0.25 ppb DDT. Concentrations near
the threshold of tolerance, (i.e. 0.5 ppb) caused pesticide poisoning
symptoms, but those crabs surviving this exposure molted normally.
Epifanio (193) fed dieldrin-contaminated Artemia nauplii to the larvae of
the crab Leptodius floridanus throughout their development to the
megalopa stage. Sublethal effects were noted when food organisms .con-
tained 5.49 ppm dieldrin, and 100 percent of the larvae failed to complete
development when food contained 33 ppm dieldrin. Because of the pumping
rate of larvae, Epifanio suggested that the same effects would occur with
considerably lower concentrations of dieldrin in seawater rather than in
the food.
In another study, Epifanio (192) placed larvae of the Xanthid crabs,
L_. floridanus and Panopeus herbstii, in various concentrations of dieldrin
in seawater. At 10 ppb dieldrin, larvae of L_. floridanus failed to com-
plete development, and only a small percent survived to magalopa in 5 ppm
dieldrin. At 1 ppb, this species exhibited high mortality in the first
zoeal stage, and time to reach megalopa was significantly increased, but
at 0.5 ppb, survival was not affected. Survival of P_. herbstii in 1 ppb
dieldrin was not affected to the first crab stage. However, the rate of
molt was significantly slowed. Toxicity depended more on stage of devel-
opment than on length of time of exposure, but salinity was also a source
of stress.
Results of studies on the effects of pesticides on growth and development
of vertebrates, primarily fish, have not been as consistent as those on
mollusks. The growth of juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) exposed to
0.1 ppm Sevin for 5 months in flowing seawater was not affected (394).
In another study involving juvenile spot, Lowe (391) observed no differ-
ence in growth rate from controls in fish exposed for 5 months to 0.1 and
0.01 ppb toxaphene.
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Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) fry exposed to p,p'-DDT in flowing seawater at
concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 500 ppb, developed significant
asymmetry of their pectoral fin rays (612). The threshold for this effect
was 0.01 ppb and degree of asymmetry was dose-related.
Chadwick and Shumway (104) exposed steel head trout (Salmo gairdneri)
embryos, alevins, and fry to dieldrin at concentrations ranging from
0.012 ppb to 52 ppb for as long as 130 days. Survival and number of days
to hatching of embryos were not affected by any concentrations used.
However, alevins from eggs exposed to the higher concentrations were
smaller than controls at hatching and alevins were more sensitive to
dieldrin than were the embryos. At an exposure of 0.39ppb, there was delay
in reaching fry stage and increased mortality, regardless of whether or
not the embryo had been exposed to dieldrin earlier. Fry were the most
susceptible to dieldrin regardless of previous exposure. When eggs were
exposed to a range of 0 to 1.2 ppb dieldrin from time of fertilization
for 60 days, no adverse effects on growth occurred in concentrations of
0.12 ppb or less. At 0.39 ppb, growth and survival was greatly reduced.
Of this group exposed to dieldrin for 130 days, only 3 percent survived,
but the survivors appeared to grow at the same rate as controls.
Weis and Weis (636) exposed early embryos of killifish (Fundulus
heteroclitus) to DDT or malathion in concentrations up to 10 ppm. These
pesticides had no significant gross developmental effects, but exposure
to 10 ppm carbaryl or parathion arrested development prior to initiation
of heartbeat. Embryos exposed to 10 ppm carbaryl for 3 days recovered
after removal to clean water, however, a 4 1/2 day exposure caused cardiac
abnormalities and hatching failure in embryos. Similar severe abnormal-
ities were observed following exposure of embryos to 10 ppm parathion for
3 days and even one day at 1 ppm affected development. Interestingly,
malathion, though closely related chemically to parathion, did not have
any effect on development at concentrations up to 10 ppm.
Adult winter flounder (Pseudopleurdnectes americanus) were exposed to
sublethal amounts of DDT and dieldrin in combination. Their eggs showed
abnormal gastrulation,and at hatching, 39 percent of the young showed
vertebral abnormalities. The percent of eggs fertilized varied with the
various combinations of the two pesticides, and exposure of adults to
1.74 ppm dieldrin alone prevented fertilization of eggs. There were
dose-related effects on amount of DDT concentrated in the eggs and
mortality associated with abnormal egg development. When the amount of
DDT in the,eggs was 2.39 ppm or greater, embryos that hatched showed
vertebral abnormalities (565).
Piavis and Howell (714) observed that 10 ppm of the lampricide, TFM,
resulted in an increased incidence of abnormalities in larval sea
lamprey. This concentration also drastically reduced the number of
viable embryos at one particular stage, and sometimes delayed hatching.
Chromosofflal alterations in juvenile mallard ducks, on long-term doses of
dieldrin, were only evident at unrealistically high levels (i.e., 100 ppn).
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Burch and Low (71) concluded that the levels of dieldrin commonly found
In nater birds would probably be too low to elicit chromosomal
aberrations.
Heath and Spann (289) found that both hen and drake mallards, that were
on 1 and 10 ppm mirex for 5 months, ate less and gained significantly
less weight than their control counterparts.
Cytology and Histology--
Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) exposed to 1 ppb DDT, toxaphene and
parathion (In combination) exhibited abnormal leukocytic infiltration of
the gonads and hyperplasia of germinal epithelium. Treated oysters
exhibited slight edema beneath the gut, sometimes accompanied by
leukocytic infiltration, and a dilation of the digestive tubule epithe-
lium. In this study, Lowe et al. (397) reported that all of the oysters
contaminated with the mixture were found to be parasitized by an unidenti-
fied mycelial fungus. Since none of the control oysters was parasitized
it was assumed that the mixture had caused a breakdown in the oysters'
defense mechanism.
Couch (128) found that mirex was capable of increasing the incidence of
viral infection in pink shrimp (Penaeus iduorarum). Although 6.6 percent
of the controls were infected with the virus (given the name Baculovirus
penaei), 40 percent of the shrimp exposed to 0.01 - 0.23 ppb mirex for -
30 days exhibited infection and associated cytopathology.
Parrish and co-workers (481) observed tissue alterations in spot
(Leiostomus xanthurus) after 4 days exposure to 1.35 ppb dieldrin in
water.GTTl lamellae exhibited subepithelial edema while damage to the
visceral tissue included severe lysis and sloughing of the small intestine
epithelium and apparent inflammation of the underlying lamina propria.
Fish examined after 35 days of exposure to .135, .075, and .0135 ppb
dieldrin and at the end of depuration (for the .135 and .075 ppb groups)
showed no significant differences from control fish. The same species
was exposed by Lowe (391) to 0.1 and 0.01 ppb toxaphene for 5 months.
Fish that had been exposed to the 0.1 ppb exhibited a distinct thickening
of the gill lamellae and some evidence of liver degeneration; but the
latter was inconclusive.
Spot exposed to 0.1 ppm of the carbamate Sevin exhibited central nervous
system lesions. These could, however, not be definitely attributed
directly to Sevin, as there was evidence that it might have been caused
by a parasite (394).
Eller (187) intermittently exposed cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) to
short-term treatments of endrin over a period of 42 weeks.The organo-
chlorine was administered to some animals via the water and to others
through contaminated food. Pathological conditions were found in the
gills, liver, pancreas, brain and gonads. Hemorrhage, edema and possibly
intracapillary congestion characterized the gill damage. Multiple cysts
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containing unidentified protozoans infected the gin filaments. Hepatic
lesions in young trout were similar to those described as preceding the
development of hepatomas in nutritionally deficient fish. The severity
of hepatic degeneration suggested nutritional deficiency accentuated by
exposure to endrin. Marked hyperplasia of pancreatic islets and irregular,
atypical oocytes were also observed.
Reproduction-
Successful reproduction is of obvious value to any species and behavioral
changes as well as lack of coordination subtly affect this vital function.
If an organism is unable adequately to perform species specific courtship
behavior patterns it will be unable to mate: for example, lack of coor-
dination in the fiddler crab (357, 471, 573) might well interfere with
the elaborate ritual waving that precedes mating in these crustaceans.
Behavior may not be a factor in reproduction of phytoplankton or sessile
invertebrates. On the other hand, Wurster (657) equated reduction of
photosynthesis in phytoplankton to reduction of reproduction by cell
division. He noted that DDT reduced photosynthesis of 4 species of
marine algae; a diatom, a coccolithophore, a green alga, and a dino-
flagellate. Concentrations of 10, 100, and 500 ppb yielded sigmoid
growth curves typical of a dose-response relationship.
Diuron at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 ppb, Neburon at 7, 5, 15, and
30 ppb, Monuron at 10, 50, and 100 ppb, and Fenuron at 100, 500, and
1,000 ppb, inhibited cell division of unicellular marine algae.
Inhibition ranged from 10 percent at the lowest dosage to 75 percent at
the highest (626).
The cell volume of an estuarine dinoflagellate decreased in various con-
centrations of the insect chemosterilant, Aziridine (Apholate). Prazer
and Mahoney (504) speculated that this reflected an effect at the chromo-
somal level.
Butler (84), reporting on a 5 year bioassay of 240 different pesticides
and other chemicals, found no effects on reproduction, but some beneficial
effects of growth of oysters (Crassostrea Virginica) exposed to sublethal
levels of toxicants. However, in another study (74) he observed that
oyster gonads stored approximately twice as much DDT as did the digestive
organs. There were significant amounts in the gametes themselves: after
12 days exposure to 10 ppb DDT, eggs contained 25 ppm and sperm 9 ppm,
while whole unsexed oysters contained an average of 10 ppm DDT. The
effect(s) of this concentration in the gametes was not known (77).
However, oysters exposed to a mixture of 1 ppb each of DDT, toxaphene,
and parathion exhibited retarded gonadal maturation and more numerous
immature ova (397).
Although the change was not marked, adult oysters exposed to 1 or 10 ppm
abate or 1 or 10 ppm dibrom matured more slowly than controls and spawn-
ing was inhibited. Tripp suggested that poor conditions in the laboratory
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were a factor since spawning was also somewhat delayed in control animals.
A subsequent observation is of interest; when controls were returned to
a natural habitat they spawned normally while pesticide treated oysters
did not (596).
Exposure of eggs and larvae of oysters and clams (Venus mercenaria) to
lindane and guthion led to hatch failure (145). In a report at an FAO
Technical Conference (212), it was stated that lindane and guthion pre-
vented hatching of eggs of oysters and mussels (Mytil is edulus), while
DDT inhibited the metamorphosis of barnacle (Balahus bilahoides) larvae.
Roberts (534) exposed the mussel, Mytilus edulis, to Endosulfan at con-
centrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm. At 0.5 ppm the spawning period was
prolonged. At 1 ppm onset of spawning was delayed, possibly due to inter-
ference with gamonic action. Developmental stages of the mussel were
adversely affected by sevin (28).
Eisler (182) exposed snails (Nassa obsoleta) to DDVP, dioxathion,
parathion, and phosdrin. The number of egg cases deposited per survivor
did not differ from controls but exposure to lindane at 10 ppm or to
dieldrin and endrin at 0.1 ppm reduced the number of egg cases deposited.
Eisler also found that low concentrations of the organochlorine pesti-
cides tested (0.01 ppm endrin, dieldrin, lindane, and DDT, or 0.1 and
1 ppm lindane, or 1 ppm DDT) were associated with an increase in number
of egg cases deposited.
In a Texas estuary, Butler (82) found an absence of juvenile seatrout
(Cynoscion nebulosus). DDT was present in the gonads of adult fish in
amounts as high as 8 ppm. The pesticide concentration in the ovaries
reached this peak just prior to spawning. Mature fish continued to
spawn, but there was a dramatic decline in the juvenile population (88).
A review article by Davis (145) noted a relationship between fry mortality
and DDT in hatchery raised lake trout. Highest mortality was among sac
fry, especially just after the yolk sac was absorbed.
An FAO Technical Conference (435) reported several instances of pesti-
cide effects on reproduction. Egg viability of trout directly correlated
with DDT residue level. Apholate had a negative effect on ovarian devel-
opment of Fundulus majolis.
The reviews of the early seventies (145, 453, 489) pointed out the
initial correlations between DDE and eggshell-thinning in fish-eating
birds. Since then, high DDE levels in eggs have been associated with
eggshell-thinning and/or reproductive failure in: wild brown pelicans
(52); cormorants (PhalacrocOrax auritus) and white pelicans (Pelecanus
erythrorhynchos) (18); common terns (SternO hirundo) (215, 284); roseate
terns (S. dougalli) (284); herring gulls (Larus argentatus) (234 , 346);
common egrets (Casmerodius albus) (200); bald eagles (Haliacetus
leucocephalus) (369), and; peregrine falcons (FalcO peregrinus) (91).
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Not only has reproductive failure in brown pelicans been associated with
high DDE residues (52) but, conversely, population stability and repro-
ductive success of at least two California colonies has significantly
improved with decreased DDE contamination of anchovies, their major food
source (670).
Wiemeyer et al. (731), in a unique egg exchange field experiment with the
fish-eating osprey (Pandion haliaetus), found that the poor reproduction
of this species is probably related to the contamination of the adults
and/or eggs by a series of toxicants, which include dieldrin and DDE.
However, this DDE correlation does not always exist. Switzer and his
colleagues"(590, 591) found that eggshell-thinning in an isolated colony
of common terns was not at all highly correlated to DDE content.
Similarly, Potts (503) did not find a correlation between egg DDE content
of wild shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and their reproductive failure.
The correlative relationship between dietary DDE and eggshell-thinning in
many wild aquatic waterfowl has been characterized by scientists under
more controlled aviary and laboratory conditions.
Davison and Sell (147) found that either technical DDT or p,p'-DDT, at
20 ppm, caused significant eggshell-thinning and reduction in calcium.
In this experiment, neither compound affected egg weight or egg produc-
tion by the experimental mallard ducks.
Heath, Spann and Kreitzer (291) reported similar eggshell-thinning for
dietary DDE at 10 and 40 ppm, plus shell cracking and embryonic mortality.
ODD and DDT also impaired the reproduction of the captive mallards but
less so than the DDE.
Another species of duck, the black duck (Anas rubripes) showed the same
response to DDE. Longcore and co-workers (388, 390) found that 10 ppm
dietary DDE brought about a 22 percent eggshell-thinning (at the equator)
and experimentals produced 1/5 as many young as controls.
Dieldrin has been suspected in the reproductive failure of wild brown
pelicans (Pelecanus occidental is)(52). and bald eagles (369), and Potts
(503) reported a significant correlation ('threshold type1) between
dieldrin and clutch/brood failure in shags.
Dieldrin residues in the eggs of gallinules (Porphyrula martinica and
Gallinula chloropas). which fed on aldrin-treated rice fields, were not
found to be related to clutch size or hatchability. However, the effect
upon the survival of the young was not known (103). Davison and Sell
(147) reported that 10 ppm dietary dieldrin caused significant
eggshell-thinning and calcium reduction but had no effect on egg weight
nor egg production of captive mallard ducks.
Other widespread compounds, such as mirex, have not been shown to
similarly affect reproduction in birds. Heath and Spann (289) reported
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that 1 or 10 ppm dietary mirex induced no perceptible reproductive
effects in mallards as measured by eggshell thickness, egg production,
shell cracking, embryonation, embryo survival, hatching and survival to
14 days. Hyde et al. (313) also found no significant reproductive
effects of up to 100 ppm dietary mirex on the same species.
Research on the reproductive effects of pesticides on marine mammals is
quite limited. However, sea lions (Zalophus californianus) on breeding
islands off the coast of California exhibited an incidence of premature
births substantially higher than normal. Tissue analysis of postpartum
females giving birth prematurely showed high levels of DDT (63).
DeLong et al. (148) found a mean of 824 ppm DDT in females giving birth
prematurely as compared to 103 ppm DDT in females carrying young full
term.
Biochemistry and Physio!ogy-
By far, the majority in these areas of endeavor are, again, with organo-
chlorine pesticides. Starting with the microorganism end of the spectrum,
Keil et al. (344) exposed E_. coli to 0.01 ppm DDT but were not able to
find any significant effect on nucleic acid content. However, an in-
creased uridine uptake was noted after 5 hours incubation.
Hollister, Walsh and Forester (698) elucidated the effect of 0.2 ppb
mirex on 2 species of marine algae (Chlorococcum sp. and Chlamydomonas
sp.). Exposure for 7 days resulted in no significant difference in rates
of oxygen evolution between control and treated cultures.
Eisler and Weinstein (186) reported that quahaug clams (Mercenaria
mercenaria) exposed to 1.1 ppm methoxychlor exhibited consistent changes
in tissue levels of several metals, especially calcium and zinc. They
suggested that the metal shifts might provide an early warning system to
detect undesirable environmental conditions.
Nimmo and Blackman (460) found that 0.1 ppm DDT in flowing seawater low-
ered Na+ and K+ in shrimp hepatopancreas but a similar change in response
to 0.05 ppm occurred only after day 20.
DDT was found to affect the amount of P (from labelled ATP) incorporated
into proteins derived from lobster peripheral nerves in a number of ways.
The exact effects, however, varied depending on the relative concentra-
tions of ATP, Na+, K+, Mg++, and Ca++ (154).
Homogenized tissues of fiddler crabs and trout exposed to aldrin and.
dieldrin were characterized by selective inhibition of cholinesterase
(253).
Fish have been a popular taxa for physiological and biochemical studies.
This is partially because of the extensive use of salmonids under fresh-
water test conditions. Eight organochlorine analogs were tested for
their ability to change levels of brain ATPases in salmon (Salmo salar)
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and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Interestingly, the in vitro efficacy
of the various compounds did not correspond to their in vivo toxicities.
DDA (Ter'M) and Kelthane (V(T5M) caused complete inhibition of ATPase.
DDT, DDE, ODD and chloro-DDT were of similar impact but caused less
inhibition than DDA and Kethane. Methoxychlor gave very low levels of
inhibition and dieldrin - none.
Mehrle et al. (423) found that rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed either
1 ppm DDT or dieldrin exhibited significant increases in serum amino
acids while Grant and Mehrle (246) showed a variety of physiological
alterations (in the same species) in response to 4 to 145 ppm dietary
endrin. Parameters affected included: serum electrolytes, osmolality,
protein, cholesterol, cortisol, lactate, glucose and liverglycogen.
Dietary dieldrin at doses beginning at 14 ppb were also shown to have a
marked effect on phenylalanine metabolism and could induce the bio-
chemical manifestations of phenylketonuria in rainbow trout. The authors
suggested that their results indicated subtle effects that might alter
the survivability of the species (422).
DDT at 50 ppm affected the water absorption ability of eel intestine.
In this study, Janicki and Kinter (318) also reported an inhibition of
(Na+ and K+) activated Mg4^ - dependent ATP.
Endrin was not shown by Eisler and Edmunds (184) to significantly alter
many parameters of blood and tissue chemistry of the northern puffer
(Sphaeroides maculatus). Exposure to sublethal levels of endrin did,
however, impair liver function, which was reflected by the transfer of
major cations from hepatic tissue to the serum and by elevated serum
cholesterol.
Lane and Scura (704) exposed sail fin mollies to a range of dieldrin
levels. Those exposed to 0.6 to 12 ppb, which died by 72 hours had serum
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SCOT) levels from 1,500 to 1,700 units
over controls. Mollies which survived 3.0 ppb to 120 hours had SGOT
levels which were raised approximately 6,000 to 12,000 units.
Most toxicological research on birds has addressed lethality and, of that
research concerning physiology or biochemistry, the duck has been the
bird of choice for studies which might be interpreted as estuarine.
DDE was shown to interfer with extra-renal salt excretion in the mallard
duck (218), but if the glands were stimulated by pre-exposure to salt
solutions, no such effect was noted. Loncore et al. (389) found that
dietary DDE brought about changes in the mineral'composition of eggshells
produced by black ducks and mallards. Ten ppm resulted in significant
changes in magnesium, barium and strontium in black duck eggshells while
5 ppm resulted in significant changes in magnesium and aluminum in the
mallard eggshells. Ten ppm DDE also resulted in significant increases in
the calcium of mallard eggshells.
A daily dietary combination dose of DDT (20 mg), ODD (15 mg) and DDE
(15 mg) resulted in many physiological changes in the white pelican
85
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(Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) as reported by Greichus et al. (694).
Liver weight decreased and liver vitamin A levels increased but serum
potassium and protein values were lowered.
Work on organophosphates is somewhat limited. Quahaug clams exposed to
37 ppm malathion were characterized by significant changes in tissue
calcium, zinc and other metals (186).
Guilbault et al. (253) reported a selective inhibition of cholinesterase
activity in fiddler crab and trout tissues in response to paraoxon, DDVP,
parathion and methyl parathion. A similar effort by Coppage and Matthews
(123) with fish and shrimp revealed the comparative AChE inhibition by
malathion, naled, guthion and parathion.
Puffers, when exposed to 20 ppm methyl parathion or a combination of
10 ppm methyl parathion plus 15 ppb methoxychlor, refused to eat and when
compared with controls, had less hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and a lower
hematocrit. Eisler (177) also reported that the experimental exhibited
serum esterase inhibition, less liver magnesium and less zinc in their
livers and gills.
Coppage (122) looked at the ability of a dozen organophosphates to
inhibit brain acetylcholinesterase in the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon
variegatus). Results indicated that effect is a function of pesticide
concentration and exposure period. His data indicated that brain AChE
levels are dependable indicators of exposure and death. In another
similar experiment, Coppage et alI. (681) found that acetylcholinesterase
inhibition in the brain of the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) was corre-
lated so well with malathion exposure that the technique appears to have
diagnostic value for field situations. Exposure of the same species to
the organophosphate, naled, resulted in parallel findings (680).
Guilbault et al. (253) also showed the selectivity of the carbamates
matacil, mesurol, zectran, Baygon and Sevin on cholinesterase inhibition
in fiddler crab and trout tissue.
Piavis and Howell (714) reported that the lampricide, TFM, at 10 ppm,
resulted in either retarded hemoglobin or no hemoglobin production at all
in embryonic sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). It was also shown to have
other physiological effects on the lamprey, as reflected by changes in
electrocardiograms. Lamprey, which died from 3 ppm TFM (perfused), were
found to have red blood, indicating the absence of methemoglobin (6).
Physiological experimentation with herbicides has logically focused in on
photosynthetic unicellular algae. Walsh and Grow (626) documented the
depression of carbohydrate concentration in 6 genera of algae by 4
phenylurea herbicides in seawater, at several salinity levels.
Chlorococcum was the most susceptible, with a depression of 49 percent at
5ppt salinity. Hollister and Walsh (307) addressed the physiological
response of 18 species of marine unicellular algae to the substituted
ureas, neburon and diuron, and the triazines, atrazine and ametryne.
86
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Using oxygen evolution as the parameter, atrazine was the least toxic,
while the other 3 herbicides had approximately the same effect. Wide
variations in response occurred among the species within several
families.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS
General and Lethal Effects
A great deal of research has been carried out on the effects of PCB's on
estuarine life (Table 15). Perhaps most of it has been done at the E.P.A.
Gulf Breeze Laboratory. Because of similarities in molecular formation,
PCB's share many of the characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (see
Section III). Like the pesticide mirex, PCB's accummulate and have been
shown to be extremely toxic to some estuarine organisms. For instance,
Duke et al. (164) showed that crabs concentrated the PCB Aroclor 1254 and
72 percent of the shrimp exposed to 5 ppb died after day 10. Nimmo and
colleagues (461) found 1 ppb PCB to be lethal to shrimp. Bioassays by
Hansen et al. (268) with Aroclor 1254 indicated that 5 ppb caused mortal-
ity to estuarine fish and the effect was delayed. In response to the
change in emphasis of PCB production and subsequent increase in Aroclor
1016 manufacture, Hansen and co-workers (267) established the acute
96-hour LC50's for estuarine shrimp, fish and oyster.
Although no work has apparently been done on the effects of PCB's on
strictly estuarine fish-eating birds, some data are available on ducks.
Heath et al. (233), testing a series of PCB's revealed that toxicity was
positively correlated with degree of chlorination and Haegele and Tucker
(257) established the effect of 1254 on eggshell thinning.
Very little toxicological work has been done with dioxins, dibenzofurans,
or phthalates and nothing to date, which has been directed strictly at
the estuarine habitat, has been published to the authors' knowledge.
Miller et al. (691) reported on the effects of tetrachloro-dibenzo-dioxin
(TCDD) on various aquatic organisms. Approximately 50 percent of the
young coho salmon exposed to .131 ppb died by day 20.
Zitko and his colleagues (692) reported on the acute and chronic oral
toxicity of chlorinated dibenzofurans to immature brook trout. They
concluded that 2,8-dichlorodibenzofuran has a low acute toxicity to that
species since even a high level of 122 ppm produced no mortality.
Work on phthalate esters seems to be limited to freshwater or anadromous
organisms. In an effort to establish LCso values for freshwater organ-
isms, Mayer and Sanders (415) reported DNBP to be less toxic to rainbow
trout (96-hour LC50 =6.5 ppm) than to the other fish tested. Stalling
et al. (574) noted that phthalate esters are metabolized by freshwater
fishes and both DEHP and DNBP are apparently not especially (acutely)
toxic to freshwater invertebrates. Sanders et al. (545) reported that
although freshwater invertebrates rapidly accumulate these compounds,
their 96-hour TL5Q (2.1 ->32/l) is appreciably greater than DDT, by
87
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Table 15. SOME TYPICAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS ON ESTUARINE/MARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Aroclor 1242 and
Aroclor 1254 +
radiocarbon
Aroclor 1242 in
water .01 to .1 ppra
Aroclor 1254
.94-100 ppb
Aroclor 1254
2.5-3.5 ppb
Aroclor 1254 in
Cor ex it 7664
colloidal solution
emulsions
CO
00 Aroclor 1254
100 ppb 48 hours
5 ppb 20 days
Aroclor 1254 in
sediment 61 .0 ppm
(dry wt. ) to 1.4 ppm
for 30 days
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1254
0.001-10 ppm
Aroclor 1016
Taxa
Phytoplankton
Marine diatom
Juvenile shrimp
Adult shrimp
Gammarus
Gammarus
Shrimp
Oysters
Pinfish
Shrimp
Crabs
Shrimp
Crabs
Shrimp
Shrimp
Fishes
Oyster
Shrimp
Fish
Observed effects
Radiocarbon uptake reduced at as low as 1-2 ppb
Inhibited growth, RNA synthesis and chlorophyll index
51 to 100% mortality
50% mortality, accumulated in hepatopancreas
23% died after return to sea water
Lethal threshold 0.001 to 0.01 ppm
Lethal threshold .01 to .1 ppm
100% mortality
Shell growth inhibited
Concentrated PCB
72% mortality after day 10
Concentrated PCB
Amount of PCB residue in animal varies with amount in
substrate
60% died at 9.1 ppb (7 day exposure); no significant
mortality at 0.62 ppb
Demonstrated that some animals could avoid Aroclor
1254 under laboratory conditions
Established acute 96 hour LCcn's
**v
Ref.
441
343
461
642
164
465
462
271
267
-------
00
vo
Table 15 (continued). SOME TYPICAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS ON ESTUARINE/MARINE ORGANISMS
Treatment
Aroclor 1254
Aroclor 1254
1 ppb to 56 days
5 ppb 14-45 days
Ph thai ate ester
Aroclor 1221 7.5 -
75 ppm
Dioxin (TCDD) in
water and food
Di benzof urans
Aroclor 1254
Aroclors 1232, 1242,
Taxa
Oyster
Fish
Rainbow trout
Killifish
Salmonids
Salmonids
Duck
Duck
Observed effects
5 ppb for 24 weeks reduced growth and produced tissue
atrophy and degeneration
No apparent effect at 1 ppb
Mortality occurred, though delayed at 5 ppb
LC5Q (96 hour) =6.47 ppm
Decreased ability to osmoregulate
Marked decrease in growth; latent effect
Dietary doses up to 122 mg/kg resulted in no mortality
Showed PCB influence on susceptibility of birds to virus
Toxicity positively correlated with percent chlorine
Ref.
395
268
415
355
709
732
219
233
• wtwvw i^wtey itelbj
1248, 1254, 1260, 1262
Aroclor 1254
Duck
Established effect on eggshell thinning
257
-------
comparison. However, the TUn values for aquatic organisms are 700 to
11,000 times that which inhibited reproduction in one of the inverte-
brates tested (water fleas).
Sublethal Effects
Behavior—
'* . -
Like the organochlorine pesticides, PCB's and other industrial toxicants
have been shown to affect the behavior of microorganisms, fish and
wildlife.
During the past decade, many authors have reported behavioral effects of
chemical pollutants that interfere with several aspects of survival in
the estuarine habitat. The ability to detect and avoid water, in which
potentially toxic chemicals are present, is essential to survival in many
instances. In this light, marine bacteria showed negative chemotaxis to
toxic substances, including toluene, chloroform, ethanol and benzene.
(661). Hansen et al. (271) demonstrated that estuarine fishes and shrimp
displayed varying degrees of avoidance to the PCB, Aroclor 1254, at
levels 0.001 to 10 ppm. Adult pink shrimp (Penaeus dUQrarum) failed to
avoid various concentrations of the same PCB but grass shrimp were able
to detect and avoid this chemical (271).
i
There is a considerable amount of information available on the ability of
marine/estuarine vertebrates, primarily fish, to avoid water containing
various toxic materials. Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmd gairdrteri) showed
agitated behavior when unable to avoid toxic terphenyl compounds and
'high-boilers' (tar-like decomposition products resulting from exposure
of terphenyl compounds to a high radiation field) occurring as by-products
of cooling nuclear reactors (255). As one might expect, all fish are not
equally discriminating. Hansen, Schimmel and Matthews (271) reported that
pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) avoided
water containing Aroclor 1254, but sheepshead minnows were not able to do
this.
Several other behaviors are altered by industrial pollutants. Larval
barnacles (Balanus balanoides) exhibited reduced swimming activity, and
adult barnacles showed reduced cirri beating rate when exposed to.a
by-product of vinyl chloride production (EDC-tar). Effects were
dose-related, and larvae were more sensitive than adults (538). The
bivalve, Teltina tehuis, which normally responds to sand and water by
burrowing, ceased burrowing when exposed to phenol (585). Similarly,
juvenile pinfish and spot exposed to Aroclor 1254 ceased feeding (680).
The ability of anadromous fishes to select water of the right character-
istics is obviously important to the survival of the species. Along
these lines, Miller and Ogilvie (707) demonstrated a consistent downward
shift in temperature selection by young brook trout (Salve!inus
fontinalisK which had been exposed to 0.75 to 10 ppm phenol. A similar
experiment with 25 to 100 ppm Aroclor 1254 did not yield a similar shift.
90
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Growth and Development~
The PCB, Aroclor 1254, at 5 ppb in flowing seawater, significantly
reduced growth rate in oysters over 24 weeks exposure, but 1 ppb for
30 weeks had no significant effect (483). Lowe et al. (395), using
juvenile (3.1 cm) oysters, observed that both height and in-water weight
increases were adversely affected by exposure to 5 ppb PCB's for
24 weeks. As in the study by Parrish et al. (483), Lowe found no effect
of 1 ppb PCB over 30 weeks exposure. Another estuarine invertebrate
shown to be adversely affected by PCB's is the mussel. Seed mussels
reacted to fairly high concentrations of Aroclors 1254 and 1242 in the
form of reduced byssal attachment (536).
Little has been done on the developmental effects of industrial toxicants
on estuarine fishes but juvenile rainbow trout exposed to terphenyl
compounds experienced swimming and postural difficulties (355) and
Miller et al. (709) reported marked growth inhibition on both salmon and
rainbow trout by TCDD.
Some subtle effects of industrial contaminants, like abnormal chick de-
velopment in wild birds, may easily escape observation. Along these
lines, Hays and Risebrough (284) brought attention to the possible
involvement of dietary chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and PCB's. PCB :
residues ranged from 10 to 180 ppm (lipid weight basis) for prey fish and
abnormalities, similar to those produced in chickens by the above com-
pounds, included feather loss in juvenile terns and eye, bill and foot
deformities in newly-hatched birds.
Cytology and Histology—
Interestingly enough, many more publications have appeared on the cyto-
logical and histological effects of industrial toxicants than of pesti-
cides over the last 5 to 10 years.
After exposure of the isopod, Gammarus oceanicus, to .01 - .1 ppm Aroclor
1254 (plus the emulsifier Corexit 7664) for more than 150 hours, Wildish
(642) reported that some of the isopods which died had severely necrosed
branchiae. A sublethal branchial edema was also found, and attributed to
the Corexit 7664. No mortality, however, was attributed to Corexit 7664,
but the possibility of synergism between emulsifier and PCB was mentioned
(642).
Couch and Nimmo (129) exposed shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) to 3-5 ppb
Aroclor 1254,for 20-30 days, at which time, 50 percent of the experimen-
tal s died. An examination of the hepatopancreases of shrimp surviving
30 days' exposure revealed that 30 to 50 percent of the cells had
increased numbers of endoplasmic reticula and free and attached ribosomes.
Nuclear degeneration and myelin bodies enclosing lipid droplets were also
observed. The former were characterized by the appearance of vesicles in
the nucleoplasm.
91
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As a, result of observing an unidentified virus in previous bioassays
with shrimp 0291, Couch 0281 investigated the relationship between
Aroclor 1254 and the occurrence of virus-induced cytopathology, Sixty1
percent of the shrimp exposed to 3 ppb of this PCB for ,30 days were
infected with virus but none of the controls were.
Oysters ('Crassostrea virginica) exposed to 5 ppb Aroclor 1254 for 24
weeks were characterized by a number of histopathological changes (395,
483). Parrish e_t al_. (483) reported degeneration of vesicular connective
tissues concomitant with leukocytic infiltration. Tissue recovery was
excellent after 12 weeks depuration.
Ninuno et al. (463) investigated the histopathological effects of Aroclor
1254 on a variety of estuarine organisms. Oysters (C_. Vtrcrinica) devel-
oped abnormal infiltration of leukocytes in the connective tissue
(paren'chyma) and digestive gland tubules of exposed oysters suffered
atrophied (i.e., thinned) tubule epithelium and enlarged, abnormal lumen
of tubule. Spot, an estuarine fish, showed fatty changes in the liver,
characterized by the presence of vacuoles within the hepatocytes. Shrimp
(f\ duorarum) showed dramatic tissue changes associated with chronic PCB
exposures, developing crystalloids in hepatopancreatic nuclei.
Pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides) exposed to 10 ppb Aroclor 1016 for 42 days
showed no pathological alterations in the tissues. However, those exposed
to 32 ppb had several liver and pancreatic alterations that distinguished
them from the control fish. Hepatocytes appeared slightly enlarged and
more basophilic, while less lipid material existed in the livers of the
exposed fish than in those of the controls. The most noticeable alter-
ation in the pinfish occurred in the form of severe yacuolation in the
pancreatic exocrine tissue surrounding the portal veins. Hansen, Parrish
and Forester (267) stated that Aroclor 1016 is similar to other PCB's in
its toxicity to, and uptake and retention by estuarine animals. ,}
Reproduction--
Industrial toxicants as well as pesticides have been shown to affect the
reproductive success of several estuarine/marine species. Some evidence
only leads to suspicion. For example, starfish (Acanthaster piand) con-
centrated PCB's in their gonads (418).
Although very little research appears to have been carried out on the
reproductive effects,of industrial toxicants on estuarine species, work
with freshwater and tropical species indicate the need for extending the
studies into the estuaries. For instance, Daphnia rhagna, continuously
exposed to phthalate esters in water for 21 days (their full life cycle)
showed reproductive impairment: 60 percent reduction of reproduction in
3 ppb phthalate, 70 percent reduction in 10 ppb, and 83 percent,reduction
in 30 ppb (545). Mayer et al. (416) exposed zebra fish (BiteChydanio .
rerio) and guppies (PbecTTia reticulata) to phthalate esters In their
food. The zebra fish received 50 and 100 ppm in food, the guppies 100
ppm. The zebrr *i*sh showed increased fry mortality and guppies
92
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experienced,an 8 percent incidence of abortions in the experimental
group.
One study that did deal with an estuarine species involved the sheepshead
minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). There was no change in fertilization
success in eggs of the adult minnows exposed to the PCB Aroclor 1254 in
concentrations as high as 201 ppm. However, survival of embryos and fry
was reduced by exposure of adults to a range of 0.1 to 10 ppb PCB's.
At concentrations of 7.0 ppb or greater, fry mortality increased
dramatically (269).
In field research dealing with reproduction in fish-eating birds, PCB
residues were not correlated to failure in at least one species, the
brown pelicans (52), where the relationship was specifically investigated.
Although commonly found in populations exhibiting reproductive problems,
PCB's are usually highly correlated with the presence of DDE. In a
lengthy review on the eggshell-thinning effects of environmental pollu^-
ants, Cooke (116) concluded that DDE is the major offender, but PCB's
may play a minor role.
Heath et al. (292)found that low dietary doses (i.e., 25 and 50 ppm) of
Aroclor 1254 produced no measurable effects on the reproduction of
mallards. Haegele and Tucker (257) established the effect of: at least
one PCB (Aroclor 1254) on eggshell-thinning in ducks. This PCB, when fed
to adult mallards did thin the eggshells produced but the doses were
fairly massive (i.e., 1,000 ppm).
In the observations on sea lions mentioned earlier, Bowes et al. (63)
noted higher levels of PCB's in tissues of females giving birth prema-
turely compared to those giving birth at full term. DeLong et al. (148)
found a mean of 112 ppm PCB's in the premature partum females compared to
a mean of 17 ppm in full term partum females.
Biochemistry and Physiology--
Zitko and Choi's review (664) of the physiological effects of industrial
toxicants in 1971 included some estuarine species. However, relatively
very little has been published since then.
At the microorganism level, IE. coli growth was consistently stimulated by
0.01 ppm Aroclor 1242. Keil etTTT (341, 344) reported that although this
exposure level did not alter the uridine content after 24 hours incuba-
tion, increased uridine uptake was noted in all PCB cultures after
5 hours incubation. Keil et al. (343) also tested the effects of Aroclor
1242 (0.01 - 0.1 ppm) on marine diatoms and found that it inhibited
growth, RNA synthesis and chlorophyll production.
Aroclor 1221 has been shown capable of impairing osmoregulati.on in the
killifish at relatively high levels (7.5 - 75 ppm) by Kinter et al.,
(355) but spot developed fatty changes in the liver in response to a
2 week exposure to 5 ppb Aroclor 1254 (463).
93
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Greichus and her co-workers (694) examined the physiological effects of
Aroclor 1254 on white pelicans (P. erythrorhynchos). They found that
100 mg (daily dietary load) resulted in: an increase in spleen and liver
weight; a lowering of serum potassium, protein, and calcium'and a reduc-
tion in albumin fraction. Jefferies and Parslow (320) looked at the
effect of the same chemical on the lesser black-backed gull (Larus
fuscus). They found that 50 ppm (dietary)significantly increased the
weight of thyroids in experimental gulls. Sections of thyroids from
PCB-dosed birds revealed enlarged follicles filled with colloid.
SYNERGISTIC AND MODIFYING EFFECTS
No report on the effects of SOC's on estuarine life would be complete
without including the area of synergistic effects and modifying factors.
The term "synergism", unfortunately, has many definitions (706). For our
present needs, we will consider it to mean more than the anticipated
additive effects.
Several reviews have addressed this topic (34, 315, 544, 621), and many
examples of synergistic or modifying effects involving pesticides (73,
95, 132, 146, 179, 180, 220, 222, 223, 306, 394, 397, 417, 436, 449, 544,
621, 647), herbicides (362, 626) and industrial toxicants (127, 204, 219,
268, 459, 621) exist in the literature.
Pesticide toxicity can affect disease resistance in shellfish (84) and
ducks (220, 222), while organophosphates and general stress have been
shown to interact on oyster toxicity (596). With respect to organo-
chlorine poisoning, sensitive life stages have been reported for many
species including trout (104), crabs (192), and other decapods and fishes
(132).
A wide range of sensitivity to sublethal herbicidal effects on algae
exists, depending on which particular species is used (626).
In the field, modifying factors are the rule rather than the exception.
For instance, mirex leached from fire ant bait at a greater rate in the
summer than in the spring. During this toxicological experiment on a
variety of estuarine organisms, the greatest mortality occurred in the
summer and to younger individuals (723).
Eisler (180) reported on the modifying factors affecting the toxicity of
organochlorines and organophosphates to the mummichog, an estuarine fish.
The toxicity of organophosphates increased with increasing temperature
and salinity and decreasing pH. The toxicity of organochlorines was
greatest at intermediate temperatures (20 - 25 C) and least at an inter-
mediate pH (7 - 8). Salinity had little effect on organochlorine
toxicity. Toxaphene, however, has been shown to interact with salinity,
temperature arid D.O. to produce varying toxicity in a number of estuarine
organisms (132).
94
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Since estuarine fish and wildlife are rarely exposed to only one chemical
at a time in the 'real' world, it is of interest that prolonged
pre-exposure of spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) to sublethal levels of
toxaphene rendered the fish more sensitive to subsequent toxaphene
toxicity (391). Lowe et al. (397) also reported that oysters exposed to
a mixture of 1 ppm each of DDT, toxaphene and parathion showed reduced
growth and histopathological effects. However, when these mollusks were
exposed to the individual pesticides, similar results were not observed.
Like their chemical counterparts, PCB's have been shown to affect the
resistance of both fish (268) and ducks (219) to disease. In addition,
there is an indication of a similar effect on estuarine shrimp (127).
The interaction between normal variations in estuarine environmental
parameters and industrial toxicants has been elucidated by Nimmo (459).
He reported that sublethal levels of the PCB, Aroclor 1254, became lethal
to estuarine penaeid shrimp when the test organisms were stressed by
reduced salinity. Since this species is migratory and experiences a wide
variation in salinity, this finding is particularly significant.
EFFECTS AT THE COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM LEVELS
A variable amount of effort has gone into testing the effects of particu-
lar toxicants under "field conditions" (Table 16).Although a number of
taxa are considered in this approach, this is still not attacking the
problem on an interactive level.
Only recently has any serious experimental attention been given to the
effects of synthetic organics at the community level. A variety of
community parameters have been suggested as reflectors of a community's
health. Margalef's "species richness" and Peilou's "species diversity
and eveness" are but a few (111). Researchers are only now finding out
that many of these parameters are not the panaceas they thought they
were. The main problem lies with trying to use these techniques out of
the context for which they were originally intended.
Aroclor 1254 was shown by Hansen (264) to affect the composition of estu-
arine animal communities. Control communities and those in 0.1 ppb PCB
were dominated by arthropods, however, communities exposed to 1 and 10
ppb PCB were dominated by tunicates and other chordates. Numbers of
phyla, species and individuals were decreased by the industrial toxicant
but this was not reflected by the classical Shannon-Weaver index of
species diversity.
At the community level, PCB's have been shown to alter species composi-
tion in mixed cultures of algae (445). Experiments by Moore and Hariss
(441) suggest that the effects of PCB's are also more acute at the phyto-
plankton community level than at the single species culture level.
95
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Table 16. AN OVERVIEW OF THE FIELD-TESTING OF PESTICIDES
IN THE ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM
i
Ecosystem
Tidal marsh
Tidal marsh
Tidal marsh
Ditch
Tidal marsh
Tidal marsh
Ditch
Estuaries
Salt Marsh
^ta^Vb«PBI.«lmftB«ll^^ta.»BB^b^BMB>^HV^_
Pesticide
DDT
•
Strobane
DDT
HCB
Dieldrin
DDT
Aldrin
Dieldrin
BHC
,
1
DDT
2,4-D
Malathion
- — n ii :
Observed
parameters
Mortality
Gross behavior
Growth (snails)
Mortality
Gross behavior
on fiddlers
Mortality
Mortality
Mortality
and population;
Residue monitoring
Mortality
Mortality
Cholinesterase
Taxa Ref.
Fish 573
Crabs
Shrimp
Insects
Mollusks
Amphipods
Worms
Mites
Birds
Fish 228
Crabs
Birds
Mammal s
Fish 273
Crabs
Fish' 571
Prawns
Arthropods
Iso- and
amphipods
Crabs
Worms
Mollusks
Birds
Fish 141
Crabs
Fish 514
Crab
Oysters
Clam
Fish 593
Crab
Shrimp
Moll us ks
96
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In South Vietnam, where over 49 million kilograms of herbicides were
sprayed on 2 million hectares of forest lands, including mangroves, many
changes were noted by Westing (639). He found that sprayed areas were
characterized by: alteration and simplification of plant and animal
communities; a loss of mineral nutrients, and; a reduction in ecosystem
productivity.
t • i
Woodwell, in his overview of the changing chemistry of the oceans (654),
notes that changes in the structure of the community can be expected.
The most conspicuous change observed in response to DDT was the loss of
highly specialized top carnivores, like the fish-eating birds.
Pimentel and Goodman (498), in their review, addressed the environmental
impact of pesticides at the ecosystem level. Some other attempts to
address SOC's at the ecosystemic level have centered around their
presence and movement on a global scale (112, 140, 528). One particularly
agressive effort was that of Crammer (140) who approached the circulation
of DDT on earth.
Model ecosystems (i.e., microcosms) have received increased attention
over the last 5 years. Metcalf and his associates looked at the distri-
bution and fate of pesticides and industrial toxicants using model eco-
systems (431). The experimental herbicide, bentazon (56) and the organo-
phosphate, malathion (61) received similar attention.
Attempts that combine a microcosm and a computer approach are likely to
be the most successful, for computer programs alone are twice-removed
from reality. Along these lines, Cox (137) found that the actual DDT
content of a euphausiid shrimp was quite different from that predicted by
a theoretical food assimilation model. On the other hand, models often
indicate what types of information are lacking and also have the
advantage that the effects of even extreme manipulations can be tested
through many generations or seasonal cycles without any damage to the
real world.
If it is possible to consistently and accurately describe some ecosystem
parameter, then it ought to be theoretically possible to quantitate a
change in that parameter. The absence of this kind of effort in the
estuarine habitat is probably a reflection^ our current inability to
describe such changes, not evidence of their non-existence.
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SECTION V
ARE THERE ALLOWABLE LEVELS?
California seems to have taken the lead in 1963 in describing the presence
and effects of pesticides relative to water quality criteria (419). This
precipitated many studies and many questions. Perhaps the most important
question a decision-making politician or coastal-zone administrator ought
to ask with reference to SOC's is "How much should be allowed in our
waters and what chemicals should not be applied at all near the estuaries?"
More recent attempts have been made to answer these and similar questions.
The National Technical Advisory Committee to the Secretary of the Interior
(609) zoned in on this topic and recommended that the following organo-
chlorines not be applied near the marine habitat because of their extreme
toxicity:
Aldrin DDT
BHC Dieldrin
Chlordane Endosulfan
Endrin Methoxychlor
Heptachlor Perthane
Lindane TDE
Toxaphene
Mirex has been shown to be exceptionally toxic to estuarine invertebrates
like shrimp and should be considered in this category. Hexachlorobenzene
is particularly toxic to birds (729) and deserves special attention around
rookeries.
A similar list (609) for organophosphates included:
Coumophos Naled
Dursban Parathion
Fenthion Ronnel
In general terms, the above organochlorines and organophosphates are
acutely toxic at concentrations of 5 ppm or less and should not be per-
mitted to exceed 50 nanograms/1. The next group they discussed is
generally not quite as toxic but should not be allowed to exceed 10 ppm in
estuarine waters. This group included:
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Arsenicals 2,4,5-T compounds
Botanicals Phthalic acid compounds
Carbamates Triazine compounds
2,4,-D compounds Substituted urea compounds
This kind of information and guidance as to allowable levels of these and
most other common toxicants, including radionuclides, heavy metals, PCB's,
etc. is presently being updated by the Environmental Protection Agency
(454).
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SECTION VI
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH
Whenever a scientist is asked to make research recommendations, there is
always the temptation'to exaggerate areas of his own interests. This can,
obviously, be quite counterproductive and we shall try to ignore the
temptation. Many groups have made concerted efforts to recommend research
needs for the subject considered herein (74, 111, 112, 157, 175, 242, 243,
455) and, to some extent, our own thoughts become a duplication of effort
but, hopefully, more of an updating of needs.
MAINTAIN PRODUCTIVE ONGOING PROGRAMS
It goes without saying that there are existing programs that have to
continue. One such program is the National Pesticide Monitoring Program.
It is also imperative that we have established centers, like the E.P.A.
Laboratories at Gulf Breeze, Florida and Corvallis, Oregon where SOC's
which come under public scrutiny, can be quickly tested under estuarine
conditions.
A continuing search for suspected contaminants should be the rule rather
than the exception. Compounds of interest include, but are not restricted
to: polar metabolites of widespread SOC's, like PCB's and PCT's, PVC
by-products, halogenated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons (like dry
cleaning solvents), phthalates and other plasticizers, flame retardents
and contaminants like the chlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins.
There is a constant need for standardization of residue analysis techniques
and perhaps, even more important, a standardization of reporting residues.
PCB's and other multiple peak SOC's should be high on the list. Along
these lines, it is also necessary to establish the analytical ability to
detect the more polar metabolites of widespread pesticides and industrial
toxicants. Especially important may be the presence of the organophosphate
and carbamate metabolites which, although not easily detected are often
toxic. Their absence from the literature may only reflect our inability
to identify them.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES
As Edwards (175) said in 1971, before one can define research needs, one
must define objectives. He went on to say that the principal objective
must be to provide information which will allow us to ultimately determine
the environmental consequences of man's waste products.
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Working backwards then, emphasis in future research should also be given
to determining the significance of the residues being reported. This can
be accomplished by stressing the diagnostic aspects of experimentation
during the planning stage and encouraging toxicological studies that have
direct relevance to the real world. We must orient our research designs
more at elucidating the meaning of residues found in fish and wildlife.
Conversely, microcosm work seems to have great potential and every effort
must be made to improve our ability to extrapolate from this system to
the natural environment.
ESTABLISH COOPERATIVE EFFORTS
Cole (679) adroitly pointed out that we can no longer afford the financial
luxury of uncoordinated research efforts. A closer coordination of the
individual research attempts is necessary and we must bring together the
practical industrial scientist, the non-industrial scientists and
responsible governmental decision-makers.
Within a particular subject area, every attempt must be made to coordinate
the efforts of scientists working in the laboratory, those in the field
and those that have to use the data to establish legal tolerance limits
or effect necessary change. Multidisciplinary efforts should be made
wherever the hypothesis to be tested justifies it. Unfortunately,
inadequate funding has been responsible for too many projects falling
short of what could be accomplished with an interdisciplinary approach.
On the global scene, interdisciplinary efforts should be made to more
thoroughly characterize the kinetics, marketing patterns and use of the
classical synthetic organic compounds plus the newcomers, like phthalate
esters, other plasticizers, chlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins and
HCB. Estuarine monitoring programs along the coasts of less developed
continents should be established. Trends must be recognized and charac-
terized if they do exist.
We should determine the production and use figures, as well as input of
SOC's, by country, if we are going to address the problem on a truly
global scale. To do this, every effort must be made to encourage
international cooperation.
SPECIFIC COMPOUNDS
As to specific chemicals that need experimental attention, PAE's, HCB,
dioxins and dibenzofurans are high on the list.
PAE's are widespread in freshwater fish with higher residues appearing
to be associated with industrial areas. They have been shown to be more
toxic to aquatic organisms than warm-blooded animals. These esters also
disturb reproduction and growth in freshwater invertebrates and fish,
yet little is known about their effects on estuarine species.
Although not widely reported in the literature, HCB has been found in
environmental samples. In view of the possible analytical confusion
101
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with benzene hexachloride (BHC), HBC may be even more widespread than ,
presently thought. With this potential and the documented toxicity of
this compound to birds in mind, the effects of HCB on fish-eating birds
should be of immediate concern.
The initial work with the dioxin, TCDD, indicates important effects on
the growth and reproduction of anadromous and freshwater species. Again, -
nothing is known about the effects on estuarine species.
"i
Dibenzofurans were not particularly lethal to the trout they were tested
on, however, nothing is known about their sublethal effects. In addition,
because of different osmoregulatory mechanisms, the effect(s) on euryhaline
species may be considerably different.
Needless to say, new industrial compounds, like the wastes from vinyl
chloride production, because of the great volume of production and
projected increases in use, should be watched carefully.
AREAS OF RESEARCH
We must characterize the seasonal and geographic distribution of SOC's
in estuaries. This was recommended by Butler (74) as early as 1964.
Yet we make slow progress and cannot continue to look at the estuary in
a vacuum. The juxtaposed terrestrial and marine habitats must be
considered in this area of research.
Tfte role that sediment plays in a variety of estuary types is of great
importance. Are SOC's sequestered and/or deactivated by this part of
the system? Are they released at expected times of the year? What are
the biological, physical and chemical factors involved?
Interdisciplinary research on the fate and degradation of SOC's in the
environment under field conditions is also of prime importance. We need
to know more about their environmental kinetics, especially their metabolism
in soil and water. The role of microorganisms in the breakdown of SOC's
in the estuarine ecosystem is not well understood. Especially productive,
may be research aimed at elucidating the synergistic impact of the whole
microbial system, including bacteria, yeasts and fungi (60).
Increased attention must be given to the sublethal effects of SOC's on
estuarine species. Lethality alone is not a sufficient criterion for
reflecting damage to estuarine resources. One challenging area is that
of establishing biological responses that can reflect certain types of
contamination after they occur. It is commonly only this kind of ex post
facto diagnostic evidence that remains after a spill or industrial
breakdown.
We should extend research on behavioral and other sublethal effects that
has been done on organochlorine pesticides to PCB's, dioxins, dibenzofurans
and other industrial toxicants as they become obvious.
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Sublethal effects should be looked at in species representing upper trophic
levels like fish-eating birds and large, long-lived predatory fishes, that
are likely to accumulate high residues. With respect to the shark, is
there a relationship between shark attacks and toxicant-induced aggressive
behavior?
Modifying factors and synergism have just now come into the limelight
but much more needs to be done. The increased sensitivities of one sex
over the other and one life stage over others stand out as important
considerations. The toxicological consequences of varying environmental
conditions in the estuary is largely unknown. What about the importance
of the pesticide formulation at time of application? Does it make a
significant difference to non-target organisms whether the application is
an emulsion, in a granular form, an oil solution or some other solvent?
How does the standard acetone-pesticide combination of the laboratory
exposure compare with the variety of application approaches, which are
aimed at maximum toxicity? What is the ecological significance of
resistance acquired through natural selection? What of the effects of
early life exposure on subsequent stages? Estuarine organisms are rarely
exposed to one chemical. Multiple exposure wi;th solid statistical design
is indicated. With respect to this, research aimed at elucidating the
modifying effects of sewerage and storm runoff is long overdue.
An impact that is becoming more obvious is that of 'latent1 effect. It
has been seen in the effect of a variety of organochlorines on estuarine
invertebrates, fishes and birds (82, 182, 188, 357, 396, 463, 515, 584).
Most observations along these lines were unexpected. There is a need to
carry out experiments which are specifically designed to investigate
latency in effect.
Perhaps the most challenging area of research is that which addresses
impact at the ecosystem level. This is the final biological-physical-
chemical integration that will reflect individual perturbations at any
sublevel if, in fact, they are significant.
Cope, in the early part of this decade, noted that pesticide-wildlife
studies had sought understanding at the cell, tissue, organ, organism and
population levels of organization. He continued that it was long overdue
that we consider the 'total1 picture and attack the effects question at
the ecosystem level. However, as L. Eugene Crom'n (editorial in BioScience.
April, 1970) commented, we did not yet know enough about estuaries to
broadly describe or quantify even the flow of energy." He went on to state
that we could not yet adequately assist the planner, engineer or public
agency by providing useful predictions of the biological effects of specific
environmental changes.
To predict the ecosystem's response to insult 'X1 requires either an
empirical and/or a theoretical basis. Since the science of computer
modeling of systems is still in the embryonic stages and, we as scientists,
do not yet seem capable of agreeing on just what is a healthy system, how
can we characterize an unhealthy one? We need much more basic information
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on the control mechanisms of populations, communities and ecosystems.
This is necessary if we are going to have the predictive ability like
that needed in other applied fields, such as wildlife management.
The area of field-testing toxicants has progressed in a manner that
reflects individual idiosyncrasies and the idiomatic character!'stic(s) of
the respective funding and/or research organizations. Efforts should
be made to, at least, roughly standardize field testing techniques with
a keen awareness of the possible modifying and synergistic effects that one
will encounter in the estuary. Interpretation of field exposures will
require coordinated efforts in the laboratory under less real, but more
controlled, conditions. More extensive utilization of microcosms and semi-
field experiments, which bring us one step closer to the 'real1 world are
indicated. It is there that statistically and logistically complicated
designs can reach fruition and elucidate specific modes of action,
synergy, latent effects, food-chain magnification, etc.
PHILOSOPHY AND BUREAUCRACY
Because some questions aimed at the ecosystem level, can only be answered
by using the intact system, it becomes of paramount importance that large
estuarine preserves at various latitudes be established immediately for
experimentation and to provide an example of how an unperturbed system
operates.
An interface science ('Econology'?) should be established where the
ecological impact of SOC's can be equated in economic terms. Trade-offs
have and will continue to be made but how can the administrator make an
intelligent trade-off until both sides of the equation have been given
realistic values? This is an area where the marine scientist could
learn from past experiences of his freshwater counterpart (175).
It is sad to see the lack of support for basic research on estuarine
(and other) species. For it is only by proceeding along a broad front,
supported by both basic and applied science, that we can expect to keep
ahead of the multitude of potential problems associated with SOC's.
Research on the long-term chronic and sublethal effects, that may only
manifest themselves after several generations, necessitates long-term
support commitments. Recently, these kinds of commitments have, in
general, only been made to governmental organizations, and even those
are showing signs of waning. These organizations are to be commended
for their work, but if private and academic research, under less struc-
tured conditions becomes a thing of the past, this short-sighted approach
will result in only partial victory over environmental contamination.
104
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SECTION VII
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The pattern of effects. In: Global Effects of Environmental
Pollution, Singer, S. F. (ed.). New York, Springer-Verlag
New York Inc. p. 186-189.
(655) Woodwell, G. M., P. P. Craig, and H. A. Johnson. 1971. DDT in the
biosphere: Where does it go? Science. 174:1101-1107.
(656) Woodwell, G. M., C. F. Wurster, Jr., and P. A. Isaacson. 1967.
DDT residues in an East Coast estuary: A case of biological
concentration of a persistent insecticide. Science. 156:
821-824.
(657) Wurster, C. F. Jr. 1968. DDT reduces photosynthesis by marine
phytoplankton. Science. 159:1474-1475.
(658) Wurster, C. F. Jr. 1969. Chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides
and the world ecosystem. Biol. Conserv. (Great Britain).
1(2):123-129.
(659) Wurster, C. F. Jr., and D. B. Wingate. 1968. DDT residues and
declining reproduction in the Bermuda petrel. Science. 159:
979-981.
(660) Young, A. L. 1974. Ecological Studies on a Herbicide-Equipment
Test Area (TA C-52A) Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Eg!in
AFB, Fla. Air Force Armament Lab, AFATL #TR-74-12. 140 pps.
(661) Young, L. Y., and R. Mitchell. 1973. Negative chemotaxis of marine
bacteria to toxic chemicals. Appl. Microbiol. 25:972-975.
(662) Zitko, V. 1971. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine
pesticides in some freshwater and marine fishes. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 6_(5):464-470. j
(663) Zitko, V. 1972. Absence of chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzo-
furans from aquatic animals. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
7.(2/3):l 05-110.
(664) Zitko, V., and P. M. K. Choi. 1971. PCB and Other Industrial
Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Environment. Fish. Res. Board
Can., Tech. Rep. No. 272.(Toronto). 54+ pps.
(665) Zitko, V., and P. M. K. Choi. 1972. PCB and p,p'-DDE in eggs of
cormorants, gulls, and ducks from the Bay of Fundy, Canada.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7(1):63-64.
160
-------
(666) Zitko, V., and P. M. K. Choi. 1973. Oral toxicity of chlorinated
dibenzofurans to juvenile Atlantic salmon. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. lp_(2):120-122.
(667) Zitko, V., P. M. K. Choi, D. J. Wildish, C. F. Monaghan, and N.
A. Lister. 1974. Distribution of PCB and p,p'-DDE residues
in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) and'yellow
perch (Perca flavescens) in Eastern Canada—1972. Pestic.
Monit. J. i(2):105-109.
(668) Zitko, V., 0. Hutzinger, and P. M. K. Choi. 1972. Contamination
of the Bay of Fundy~6ulf of Maine area with polychlorinated
biphenyls, polychlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzodioxins,
and dibenzofurans. Environ. Health Perspect. Exp. Iss. No.
1:47-50.
(669) Zitko, V., 0. Hutzinger, W. D. Jamieson, and P. M. K. Choi. 1972.
Polychlorinated terphenyls in the environment. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 7_(4): 200-201.
161
-------
SECTION VIII
APPENDIX
ADDENDUM TO BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following addendum contains references which were published and/or
acquired after the bibliography, proper, was compiled. None of the
below references can be accessed through the keyword index section (IX)
and many are not discussed in the state-of-the-art report. However, it
was felt by the authors that the addendum should be included to provide
the reader with as current a bibliography as possible.
(670) Anderson, D. W., J. R. Jehl, Jr., R. W. Risebrough, L. A. Woods,
Jr., L. R. DeWeese, and W. G. Edgecomb. 1975. Brown
pelicans: Improved reproduction off the southern
California coast. Science. 190:806-808.
(871) Anon. 1973. Perspective on PAE's. Environ. Health Perspect.
Exp. Iss. 3_:1.
(672) Anon, (initialed "R. M."). 1974. Plasticizers. Modern Plastics.
Sept.:62-63.
(673) Belisle, A. A., W. L. Reichel and J. W. Spann. 1975. Analysis
of tissues of mallard ducks fed two phthalate esters.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13(2):129-132.
(674) Blus, L. J., T. Joanen, A. A. Belisle and R. M. Prouty. 1975.
The brown pelican and certain environmental pollutants
in Louisiana. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13^(6):646-655.
(675) Borthwick, P. W., G. H. Cook, and J. M. Patrick, Jr. 1974.
Mirex residues in selected estuaries of South Carolina-
June 1972. Pestic. Monit. J. 7J3/4): 144-145.
(676) Butler, P. A. 1973. Organochlorine residues in estuarine
mollusks, 1965-72—National Pesticide Monitoring Program.
Pestic. Monit. J. £(4):238-362.
(677) Claeys, R. R., R. S. Caldwell, N. H. Cutshall, and R. Hoi ton.
1975. Chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls
in marine species, Oregon/Washington Coast, 1972. Pestic.
Monit. J. 9(1):2-10.
162
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(678) Clark, J., W. G. Smith, A. W. Kendall, Jr., and M. P. Fahay. 1969.
Studies of estuarine dependence of Atlantic coastal fishes.
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Tech. Paper No. 28.
Washington, D. C. USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service. 132 pps.
(679) Cole, H. A. 1975. Summing up and consideration of future research
needs. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B. 189(1096):479-483.
(680) Coppage, D. |_., and E. Matthews. 1975. Brain-acetylcholinesterase
inhibition in a marine teleost during lethal and sublethal
exposures to l,2-Dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl
phosphate (Naled) in seawater. Toxicol. and Appl. Pharmacol.
31_: 128-133.
(681) Coppage, D. L., E. Matthews, G. H. Cook, and J. Knight. 1975.
Brain acetylcholinesterase inhibition in fish as a
diagnosis of environmental poisoning by malathion,
0,0-dimethyl S-(l,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphoro-dithioate.
Pestic. Biochem. and Physio!. 5^:536-542.
(682) Cromartie, E., W. L. Reichel, L. N. Locke, A. A. Bel isle,
T. E. Kaiser, T. G. Lament, B. M. Mulhern, R. M. Prouty,
and D. M. Swineford. 1975. Residues of organochlorine
pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls and autopsy data
for bald eagles, 1971-72. Pestic. Monit. d. ^(1):11-14.
(683) Dawson, V. K., K. B. Cumming, and P. A. Gilderhus. 1975.
Laboratory efficacy of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol
(TFM) as a lampricide. USDI,-Fish and Wildlife Service,
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, D. C.
Investigations in Fish Control, No. 63. p. 3-13.
(684) Douglas, P. A. and R. H. Stroud (eds.). 1971. A Symposium on
the Biological Significance of Estuaries. L.C. No. 57-
48945. 13 February 1970, Houston, Texas. Washington, D.C.
, Sport Fishing Institute. Ill pps.
(685)a Dustman, E. H., and L. F. Stickel. 1966. Pesticide residues in
the ecosystem. Amer. Soc. of Agronomy, Spec. Publ. No. 8.
p. 109-121.
(686) Ehrhardt, M. and J. Heinemann. 1975. Hydrocarbons in blue mussels
from the Kiel Bight. Environ. Pollut. (Great Britain).
2(4):263-282.
(687) Environmental Protection Agency. No date. Effects of pesticides
in water. A report to the States. Washington, D. C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 145 pps.
163
-------
(688) Finucane, J. H. 1969. Antimycin as a toxicant in the marine
habitat. Frans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 98_:288-292.
(689) Fowler, D. L. and J. N. Mahan. 1973. The Pesticide Review 1972.
Washington, D. C. USDA, Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service. 58 pps.
(690) George, J. L., R. F. Darsie, Jr., and P. F. Springer. 1957.
Effects on wildlife of aerial applications of Strobane, DDT, !
and BHC to tidal marshes in Delaware. J. Wildl. Manage.
21_(l):42-53.
(691) Gilderhus, P. A., J. B. Sills, and J. L. Allen. 1975. Residues
of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) in a stream
ecosystem after treatment for control of sea lampreys.
USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries
and Wildlife, Washington, D. C. Investigations in Fish
Control, No. 66. p. 3-7.
(692) Goldberg, E. D. 1975. Synthetic organohalides in the sea.
Proc. Roy. Soc. London B. 189(1096):277-289.
(693) Graham, P. R. 1973. Phthalate ester plasticizers: Why and how
they are used. Environ. Health Perspect. Exp. Iss. 3_:3-12.
(694) Greichus, Y. A., D. J. Call, B. M. Ammann. 1975. Physiological
effects of polychlorinated biphenyls or a combination of
DDT, ODD, and DDE in penned white pelicans. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 3_:330-343.
(695) Guilbault, G. G., R. L. Lozes, W. Moore, and S. S. Kuan. 1972.
Effect of pesticides on cholinesterase from aquatic species:
crayfish, trout and fiddler crab. Environ. Lett. 3_(4):
235-45.
(696) Hansen, D. J., P. R. Parrish.J. I. Lowe, A. J. Wilson, Jr.,
and P. D. Wilson. 1971. Chronic toxicity, uptake, and
retention of Aroclor 1254 in two estuarine fishes. Bull.
Environ. Contam. Toxicol. i6(2):113-n9.
(697) Herald, E. S. 1949. Effects of DDT-oil solution upon amphibians
and reptiles. Herpetologia 5_:117-120.
(698) Hollister, T. A., G. E. Walsh and J. Forester. 1975. Mirex
and marine unicellular algae: accumulation, population growth
and oxygen formation. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
14(6):753-759.
164
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(699) Jensen, S., R. Lange, G. Berge, K. H. Palmork, and L. Renberg.
1975. On the chemistry of EDC-tar and its biological
significance in the sea. Proc. Roy. Soc. London B.
189(1096):333-346
(700) Jordan, H. D. 1955. Control of crabs with crude BHC. Nature
(London). ]75_( 2): 734-735.
(701) Kobylinski, 6. J., and R. J. Livingston. 1975. Movement of
mirex from sediment and uptake by the hogchoker, Trinectes
maculatus. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14(6):692-698.
(702) Kpekata, A. E. 1975. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the
rivers Avon and Frome. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
14(6}:687-691.
(703) Lane, C. E. and R. J. Livingston. 1970. Some acute and chronic
effects of dieldrin on the sail fin molly (Poeci1i a 1ati pi nna).
Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 99:489-495.
(704) Lane, C. E. and E. D. Scura. 1970. Effects of dieldrin on
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, in Poecilia 1atipinna.
J. Fish. Res. Board Can. (Toronto). 27_: 1869-1871.
(705) Liu, D. H. W., and J. M. Lee. 1975. Toxicity of selected
pesticides to the bay mussel (Mytil us edulis). National
Environmental Research Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, OR. EPA-660/3-75-016.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 103 pps.
(706) Marking, L. L., and V. K. Dawson. 1975. Method for assessment
of toxicity or efficacy of mixtures of chemicals. USDI, Fish
and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife,
Washington, D. C. Investigations in Fish Control, No. 67.
p. 1-8.
(707) Miller, D. L., and D. M. Ogilvie. 1975. Temperature selection
in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) following exposure
to DDT, PCB or phenol. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
li(5):545-551.
' .* ' '•.
(708) Miller, F. M. and E. D. Gomes. 1974- Detection of DCPA
residues in environmental samples. Pestic. Monit. J.
8(l):53-58.
(709) Miller, R. A., L. A. Norris and C. L. Hawkes. 1973. Toxicity
of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in aquatic
organisms. Environ. Health Perspect. Exp. Iss. 5_:177-186.
165
-------
(710) Parejko, R., R. Johnston, and R. Keller. 1975. Chloro-
hydrocarbons in Lake Superior lake trout (Salve!inus
namayciish). Bull. Environ. Contain. ToxicoT14(4):480-488.
(711) Peakall, D. B., J. L. Lincer, R. W. Risebrough, J. P. Pritchard,
and W. B. Kintner. 1973. DDE-induced eggshell-thinning:
Structural and physiological effects in three species.
Comp. Gen. Pharmacol. 4_: 305-313.
(712) Pearson, C. R., and G. McConnell. 1975. Chlorinated Cl and
Cg hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Proc. Roy.
Soc. London. B. 189(1096):305-332.
(713) Phillips, J. H., E. E. Haderlie, and W. L. Lee. 1975. An analysis
of the dynamics of DDT in marine sediments. National
Environmental Research Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, OR. EPA-660/3-75-013. U. S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency. 98 pps.
(714) Piavis, G. V., and J. H. Howell. 1975. Effects of 3-trifluoro-
methyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) on developmental stages of the
sea lamprey. USDI, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of
Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Washington, D. C. Investi-
gations in Fish Control, No. 64. p. 3-8.
(715) Portmann, J. E. 1975. The bioaccumulation and effects of
organochlorine pesticides in marine animals. Proc. Roy.
Soc. London B. 182(1096):291-304.
(716) Powers, C. D., R. G. Rowland, R. R. Michaels, N. S. Fisher and
C. F. Wurster. 1975. The toxicity of DDE to a marine
dinoflagellate. Environ. Pollut. (Great Britain).
i(4):253-262.
(717) Reimold, R. J. 1975. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides and
mercury in coastal biota, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin
Islands—1972-74. Pestic. Monit. J. 9.(l):39-43.
(718) Schafer, E. W., Jr., R. B. Brunton, N. F. Lockyer, and D. J.
Cunningham. 1975. The chronic toxicity of methiocarb
to grackles, doves, and quail and reproductive effects
in quail. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14(6):641-647.
(719) Sims, G. G., C. E. Cosham, J. R. Campbell, and M. C. Murray.
1975. DDT residues in cod livers from the Maritime
Provinces of Canada. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
14(4):505-512.
166
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(720) Stickel, W. H. 1973. Effects on wildlife of newer pesticides
, and other pollutants. Annual Conference of Western
Association of State Fish and Game Commissioners.
p. 484-491.
(721) Study Group on Critical Environmental Problems. 1970. Man's
Impact on the Global Environment. Report of the Study
Group on Critical Environmental Problems. Cambridge,
Massachusetts, M.I.T. Press. 301 pps.
i -
(722) Tagatz, M. E., P. W. Borthwick, G. H. Cook, and N. L. Coppage.
1974. Effects of ground application of malathion on salt-
marsh environment in northwestern Florida. National
Enviornmental Research Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL. Contribution No. 179. Also:
1974. Mosq. News. 34(3):309-315.
(723) Tagatz, M. E., P. W. Borthwick, and 0. Forester. 1975.
Seasonal effects of leached mirex on selected estuarine
animals. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxlcol. 3_(3):371-383.
(724) Thorn, N. S., and A. R. Agg. 1975. The breakdown of synthetic
organic compounds in biological processes. Proc. Roy.
Soc. London B. 189(1096);347-357.
(725) United States Tariff Commission. 1974. Synthetic Organic
Chemicals. U.S. Production and Sales, 1972. Washington,
D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office. TC Pub!. 681. 260 pps,
(726) Van Velzen, A., and 0. F. Kreitzer. 1975. The toxicity of
p,p'-DDT to the clapper Rail. J. Wild!. Manage.
39(2):305-309.
(727) Veith, G. D. 1975. Baseline concentrations of polychlorinated
biphenyls and DDT in Lake Michigan fish, 1971. Pestic.
Monit. J. £(l):21-29.
(728) Villanueva, E. C., R. W. Jennings, V. W. Burse, and R. D.
Kimbrough. 1974. Evidence of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and
chlorodibenzofuran in hexachlorobenzene. J. Agric. Food
Chem. 22(5):916-917.
(729) Vos, J. G., H. A. Bruman, and H. Penschap. 1968, The occurrence
of the fungicide hexachlorobenzene in wild birds and its
toxicological importance. A preliminary communication.
Med. Rijksfakuteit Landbouw-Wet. Gent ([The Netherlands]).
33(3):1263-1268.
167
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(730) Warlen, S. M. 1974. Accumulation of organochlorine insecticides
by Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, from the Newport
River estuary. J. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society.
9^(3):108-109.
(731) Wiemeyer, S. N., P. R. Spitzer, W. C. Krantz, T. 6. Lament,
and E. Cromartie. 1975. Effects of environmental pollutants
on Connecticut and Maryland Ospreys. J. Wild!. Manage.
39(1):124-139.
(732) Zitko, V., D. J. Wildish, 0. Hutzinger, and P. M. K. Choi. 1973.
Acute and chronic oral toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo-
furans to salmonid fishes. Environ. Health Perspect.
Exp. Iss. 5_: 187-189.
168
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SUBJECT PROFILE INDEX
Keywords Reference No.
. ,' •, i • •• .- *?.. ••" ' ••" •••••-••
AAAS STUDY. OIOXIN. FISH. SAIGON. VIETNAM 555
ABSTRACTS^ EPA. OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS.
PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES. PESTICIDES. RESEARCH CATALOG. . .516
1 * *
ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. CIELDRIN.
HIREX. MORTALITY .420
ACCUMULATION. MICROORGANISM. MIREX. PCBS. CILIATE.
TETRAHYMENA . 118
ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM. PCBS.
TETRAHYMENA. .. .............. 119
ACCUMULATION. DIELDRIN. MOLLUSK. UPTAKE 4S5
ACCUMULATION. HYDRCBIONT. PESTICIDES 620
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. BRAIN. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH.
MONITORING. ORGANCPHOSPHATES. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .... ,644
ACTIVITY. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH BRAIN. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. .233
ADSORPTION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES.
POLYMER CROSS LINKED. SEAWATER. 275
ADSORPTION. BENTHOS. DDT. PARTICULATE MATTER. SEDIMENT.
TRANSPORT • 496
ADSORPTION. TRANSPORT. COLLOIDS. CONCENTRATION. DDT.
MODIFYING EFFECTS ............... 499
AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. BIRD. DDT. DUCKS.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES 221
AGENT ORANGE. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. SOUTH VIETNAM. . . .539
AGENT ORANGE. AIR FORCE. 8IRCS. FIELD STUDY. FISH.
HERBICIDES. 240. • 660
AGRICULTURAL LAND. MODEL.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. PESTICIDE. RUNOFF.
TRANSPORT. WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS .032
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. DOT. ESTUARINE FAUNA.
MONITORING. OVERVIEW. SHELLFISH. ....... 081
169
-------
AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CALIFORNIA. DOT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEDIMENTS. TRANSPORT. . .... 540
AIR FORCE. AGENT ORANGE. BIRDS. FIELD STUDY. FISH.
HERBICIDES. 240 6fcO
ALABAMA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. 414
ALASKA. MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS. SEALS. WASHINGTON. ... 013
ALASKA. DOE. EGGSHELL THINNING. PEREGRINE FALCCN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS . .091
ALASKA. DDT. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. 092
ALASKA. CANADA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCCN. YUKON. ...... ... 190
ALASKA. BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
PEREGRINE FALCONS 384
ALASKA. FOOD CHAIN. HERBICIDE. TROUT. 24 D. ...... 551
ALASKA. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. BIRD. DDE. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE POPULATION .640
ALBERTA. BIRD. CANADA. DDE. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS 591
ALDEHYDES. FLORIDA. KETONES. MONITORING. SEA WATER.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 125
ALORIN. DDT. OVERVIEW. USDI. WATER QUALITY. WATERFOWL.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. 067
ALDRIN. DUCK. RICE FIELDS. TEXAS. WILDLIFE. ...... ,2C6
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. ALASKA. BIRD. ODE. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE POPULATION. .640
ALEWIFE. ANADROMOUS FISH. PESTICIDE. TRANSPORT. .... .036
ALGAE. DDT. METABOLISM. 240 062
ALGAE. DIELDRIN. FATS. METABOLISM. PLANKTON. ...... 524
ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. PRODUCTIVITY. SKELETOGENESIS.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ................... .552
ALGAE. DOT. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM, PLANKTON. SURC.
UPTAKE. ... ..... .561
170
-------
ALGAE. GROWTH. HERBICIDES. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
PRODUCTIVITY. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. 624
ANINC ACIDS. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT. OIELDRIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TROUT. 423
ANADRCMQUS FISH. ALEWIFE. PESTICIDE. TRANSPORT. .... .036
ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. DDT. DIELDRIN. MAINE.
MONITORING. SALMON. .................. .022
ANALYSIS. PCTS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE . OC4
ANCHOVY. DDT. FISH. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISM. ..... 404
ANTARCTICA. BIRD. DOT. MAMMALS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PENGUINS, SEALS . .563
ANTARCTICA. BIRD. FISH. MAMMAL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. - 594
ANTARCTIC. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ZEALAND. ORGANQCHLCRINES, . 042
ANTARCTIC. PESTICIDES. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
REVIEW. TOXIC WASTES .338
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. MODEL. PHTHALATES. UPTAKE 429
AQUATIC FAUNA AND FLORA. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SOURCES.
WATER QUALITY. ....107
AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE. NORTH AMERICA. POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH CATALOG. TOXICITY. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . . .603
AQUATIC ORGANISMS. FRESHWATER. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS.
TOXICOLOGY. TROUT 415
ACUATIC PEST CONTROL. RESEARCH CATALOG. RESIDUES.
566
ARCTIC. CANADA. DDT. MACKENZIE DELTA. WHALES. ..... .003
ARCTIC. MAMMALS. MONITORING. PCBS. POLAR BEARS, SEALS. . 096
ARCTIC. SEALS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
MAMMAL. ORGANGCHLORINES. ... ........ 299
ARCTIC. PESTICIDES. ANTARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION,
REVIEW. TOXIC WASTES. 338
171
-------
AROCLOR 1016. FISH. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
UPTAKE .267
ASCENSION ISLAND. BIROS. FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS.
SOUTH ATLANTIC .332
ASHY PETREL. CALIFORNIA. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS 131
ASSESSING EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. ........ 162
ASULAM. DUCK. HERBICIDE. TQXICITY. TROUT. ....... .314
ATLANTIC FLYWAY. DUCK. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC OISTRIBITION. . .518
ATLANTIC OCEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. PLANKTON. ....... 276
ATLANTIC. CANADA. DDT. FISH. METABOLITES.
SPRUCE 8UDWORM. 159
ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. POPULATION TRENDS.
STATISTICAL SURVEY 333
ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. HUPAN DIET. HIREX.
MONITORING. CRGANOCHLORINES. SEAFOOD. ......... .406
ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. PLANKTCN.
ZOOPLANKTON. 533
ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LOKER ATMOSPHERE.
PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. ....... 554
ATLANTIC. FOOD CHAINS. ORGANCCHLORINES. PLANKTCN.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE .650
ATMOSPHERE. DUST. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS. . . OC1
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
TRANSPORT 579
ATP. BIOCHEMISTRY. LOBSTER. PROTEINS. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .154
AUSTRALIA. LOUISIANA. ORGANOCHLORINES. PELICAN. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SOUTH CAROLINA .048
AUSTRALIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OYSTERS .110
172
-------
AUTOPSY DATA. DC8P. D,DT. BALC EAGLES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICICES.
PCBS . . : . 039
AUTOPSY DATA. BALC EAGLES. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MORTALITY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES 446
AUTOPSY. BALD EAGLES. BIRD. MORTALITY.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 520
AVIAN TOXICITY. BIRDS. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES. ........ . . 622
AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH. PESTICIDES.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 262
AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH. MOSQUITOFISH. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .266
AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. PESTICICES. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT . .270
AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISHES. PCBS. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .271
AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. LEARNING. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT . .316
AZIRIOINE. CHEMOSTERILANTS. GROWTH. INSECTICIDES.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .......... 504
BACTERIA. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. NORTH ATLANTIC.
PCBS. .059
BACTERIA. BICACCUMULATION. BIOCHEMISTRY. DNA. GROWTH.
PCBS. .341
BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT. GROWTH. METABOLISM. PC8.
UPTAKE ........' ,. 344
BACTERIA. CHEMOTAXIS. MICROORGANISMS. ORGANOCHLCRINE.
PREDATION. 434
BACTERIA. GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON. RESISTANT STRAINS.
UPTAKE. WOODS HOLE REPORT • 652
BACTERIA. BEHAVIOR. MICROORGANISMS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS .661
173
-------
BAHAMAS. CORAL REEFS. COT. GROUPERS. GULF OF MEXICO.
PC8S .231
BALD EAGLES. GC/MASS SPEC. PCBS 031
BALD EAGLES. CCBP. DDT. AUTOPSY DATA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANQCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PC6S .039
BALD EAGLES. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MORTALITY CAUSES. POST MORTEM EXAMS ...... 120
BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTION. .369
BALD EAGLES. AUTOPSY DATA. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MORTALITY.
QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES 446
BALD EAGLE. BIRD. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION .519
BALD EAGLES. AUTOPSY. BIRD. MORTALITY.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 520
BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING. ORGANOCHLORINES. .... 641
BALTIC SEA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PC8S. ............ 211
BALTIC. BIRDS. DDT. MAMMAL. METABOLISM. PCBS. SWEDEN. . .319
BALTIC. DDT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. . . . .325
BARNACLE CONTROL. DDT. FOULING. OYSTERS .... 632
BARNACLE CONTROL. 8HC. FOULING.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . . 633
BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
VINYL CHLORIDE. ........ . .538
BARRACUDA. DDT. FISH 025
BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. FAO. MARINE POLLUTION.
MONITORING TRENDS. OFFSHORE DUMPING.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 112
BASELINE STUDIES. IDOE. MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW. . . « 242
174
-------
BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. MAMMAL.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PORPOISES . .226
BAY CF FUNDY. MAINE. DDT. HARBOR SEALS. MAMMAL.
MONITORING. PC8S .227
BAY CF FUNDY. BIROS. CANADA. EGGS. PC8S. PESTICIDES. . . 665
BAY CF FUNOY. CANADA. EGGS. GULLS. PCTS 669
BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT,
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MONITORING. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS .084
BEHAVIOR. CANADA. FISH. PCTS. REACTOR COOLANTS.
TERPHENYLS. TROUT 255
BEHAVIOR. AVOIDANCE. FISH. PESTICIDES.
SHEEPSHEAO MINNCWS. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ......... .262
BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. MALATHION. MOSQUITCFISH. SALINITY.
SELECTION . . .263
BEHAVIOR. AVOIDANCE. FISH. MCSQUITOFISH. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 266
BEHAVIOR. AVOIDANCE. PESTICIDES. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . ........ .270
BEHAVIOR. AVOIDANCE. FISHES. PCBS. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... ..... .271
BEHAVIOR. AVOIDANCE. DDT. FISH. LEARNING. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 316
,/
BEHAVIOR. DIELDRIN. FIDDLER CRAB. GROWTH. PREDATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .357
BEHAVIOR. BLUE CRABS. DDT. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .392
BEHAVIOR. BIOACCUMULATION. DCT. DETRITUS.
FIDDLER CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. . . 471
BEHAVIOR. DOT. SALMON. TEMPERATURE SELECTION. ..... .473
BEHAVIOR. BARNACLE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
VINYL CHLORIDE 538
BEHAVIOR. BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. DDT. FIELD STUDY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES • 573
175
-------
BEHAVIOR. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. . . , 581
BEHAVIOR. BREEDING SUCCESS. FISH. FISHEATING BIRDS.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. 583
BEHAVIOR. BURROWING. INVERTEBRATE. PHENOL.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 585
BEHAVIOR. FISH. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... .629
BEHAVIOR. FISH. MENIDIA. SEVIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . . .635
BEHAVIOR. DDT. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES. FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. TRANSPORT 653
BEHAVIOR. BACTERIA. MICROORGANISMS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. . ...... .661
8ENTAZON. BICMAGNIFICATION. ECOSYSTEM. HERBICIDE.
METABOLISM. MCDEL. TOXICITY 056
BENTHIC EFFECTS. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDUSTRIAL ANC DOMESTIC. PESTICIDES. POLLUTION. .... .493
BENTHOS. ADSORPTION. DCT. PARTICULATE MATTER. SEDIMENT.
TRANSPORT . 496
BENZPYRENE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT.
PCLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. WASTEWATER TREATMENT.
WATER ENVIRONMENT 015
BHC. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT LAKES.
INLAND POPULATION. ORGANOCHLORINES .199
BHC. COMMUNITY. DDT. DELAWARE. EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE.
REVIEW. STROBANE. TIDAL MARSHES. . 228
BHC. CRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. EGGS. FISHEATING 6IROS.
GREAT BRITAIN 438
BHC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. JAPAN.
SEASONAL VARIATION 589
BHC. CANADA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRCS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES .613
BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS. GOOSANDERS. MERGANSERS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND 623
176
-------
8HC. BARNACLE CONTROL. FOULING.
ORGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. ....... 633
8HC. HCH. METABOLISM. PERSISTENCE, SEA WATER. ..... .637
BIBLIOGRAPHY. ESTUARINE POLLUTION.
OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH. 611
BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. DDT. DEVELOPMENT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GRUNION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .612
BIOACCUMULATICN. MIREX. MOVEMENT, FIELD STUDIES.
SOUTH CAROLINA. 058
BIOACCUMULATICN. CRGANCCHLORINES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. RHODE ISLAND. SURFACE SLICK. . .158
BIOACCUMULATICN. DDT. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA. UPTAKE 197
BIOACCUMULATICN. PCBS. PERSISTENCE. FISHES. SYNERGISM.
UPTAKE. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE 268
BIOACCUMULATICN. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DNA. GRCViTH.
PCBS. ................ ... .341
BIOACCUMULATICN. DDT. HARINE DIATOMS. METABOLISM.
PLANKTON. UPTAKE. , .342
BIOACCUMULATICN. TROUT. BIOMAGNIFICATION. DDT. FISH.
FOOD CHAIN. ................. .399
BIOACCUMULATICN. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CONTROVERSY.
FOOD CHAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. .............. 443
BIOACCUMULATICN. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. . . 462
BIOACCUMULATICN. BEHAVIOR. DDT. DETRITUS.
FIDDLER CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE 471
BIOACCUMULATICN. PCBS. BIRDS. ECOSYSTEMS. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW, ... .... 528
BIOACCUMULATICN. ENDOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL,
MYTILUS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... ... .535
BIOACCUMULATICN. BLUE CRA8S. INVERTEBRATE, MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. , 550
BIOACCUMULATICN. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON,
SURFACE SLICKS ,553
177
-------
BIOACCUMULATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PC8S. REVIEW.
TOXICITY. ......... .... 575
BIOASSAY. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
FISHES. GREAT LAKES. LAMPREYS. TOXICITY. ........ 026
BIOASSAY. INDICATOR ORGANISMS. MONITORING. OVERVIEW. . . 087
BIOASSAY. EPA. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. MARINE ORGANISMS.
REVIEW 265
BIOASSAY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FLORIDA. PC8S. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. . .440
BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY. ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW. .......... ... 122
BIOCHEMISTRY. ATP. LOBSTER. PROTEINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .154
BIOCHEMISTRY. ENDRIN. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
TROUT. 246
BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. ORGANCCHLQRINES.
SALMCN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT . . .317
BIOCHEMISTRY. BACTERIA. BIOACCUMULATION. DNA. GROWTH.
PCBS. ..... ............. .341
BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH. MARINE DIATOM. PCBS. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE. 343
BIOCHEMISTRY. BACTERIA. DDT. GROWTH. METABOLISM. PC8.
UPTAKE .344
BIOCHEMISTRY. AMINO ACIDS. DDT. DIELDRIN.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. TROUT. ...., 423
BIOCHEMISTRY. HCGCHOKER. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
WHITE PERCH 442
BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE. HERBICIDES. MARINE ALGAE.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. WEED CONTROL. 626
BIODEGRADATICN. HYDROCARBONS. MOLECULAR RECALCITRANCE.
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. PERSISTENCE. .. ..... 010
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. HALFLIFE ESTIMATION. PERSISTENCE.
TROUT. ...... ...... 407
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CALIFORNIA. MONTEREY BAY.
PESTICIDE. RUNOFF 256
178
-------
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. MODEL. PCBS.
REVIEW. TOXICITY. TRANSPORT. .............. 260
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. IDENTIFICATION. PCBS. REVIEfc. . . . .322
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. FOOD SUPPLY. MARINE POLLUTION.
'OVERVIEW. ....................... .351
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. PESTICIDES. REVIEW.
TERMINAL RESIDUES. 413
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. MARYLAND. MOLLUSKS. PESTICICES.
CHESAPEAKE BAY. FISH. VIRGINIA. . .448
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. OCCURRENCE. PCBS.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. ................... 490
BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FIELD STUDY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES. 573
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. KINETICS. METABOLISM. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION. REVIEW .582
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. PESTICIDES. ENVIRONMENT. SYMPOSIUM. . 238
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. OVERVIEW. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. . . . 411
BIOMAGNIFICATION. BENTAZON. ECOSYSTEM. HERBICIDE.
METABOLISM. MODEL. TOXICITY. . , 056
BIOMAGNIFICATION. FISH. FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES .169
BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
REVIEW. 170
BIOMAGNIFICATION. NEW YORK. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES.
CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SHELLFISH. . 2C8
BIOMAGNIFICATION. PCBS. PELICANS. CORMORANTS. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICICES. 249
BIOMAGNIFICATION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
CHANGES OVER TIME. FOOD CHAIN. HUDSON RIVER. SEDIMENT. . 358
BIOMAGNIFICATION. TROUT. 8IOACCUMULATION. DDT. FISH.
FOOD CHAIN 399
BIOMAGNIFICATICN. ORGANCHLORINE PESTICICES.
PERSISTENCE. REVIEW. UPTAKE 426
179
-------
BIOMAGNIFICATION. METABOLISM, MODEL. PESTICIDE ...... 432
BIOMAGNIFICATION. B10ACCUMULATION. CONTROVERSY.
FCOD CHAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES ............... 443
BIOMAGNIFICATION. CALIFORNIA. ORGANOCHLORINES ...... 447
8IOMAGNIFICATIQN. DETOX ICATION, ENZYMGLGGY.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ...... . . ........ ..... 452
8IOMAGNIFICATION. ENVIRONMENT. PC8S. REVIEW.
TOXICOLOGY. .. ..... ...... .......... 492
BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS. BREEDING SUCCESS. FOOD CHAIN.
GREAT BRITAIN. PC8S. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. ......... ........ . 5C7
BIOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME. FOOD CHAINS.
GREAT BRITAIN. INSECTICIDES. MARINE ORGANISMS ...... 537
BIOMAGNIFICATIQN. DDT. EAST COAST ESTUARY. LCNC- ISLAND.
NEW YORK. ..... ...... .... ........ ,656
BIOMAGNIFICATION. PCBS. PCTS. CANADA. DI8ENZODIOXINS.
DIBENZOFURANS. . ....... . ............ 668
BIOTA, ESCAMBIA BAY. FLORIDA. PCBS. SEDIMENT. WATER. . .
BIRD. GUILLEMCTS. IRISH SEA. PCBS. ........... 023
BIRD. CHROMOSOMES. DIELDRIN. DUCKS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . .071
BIRD. OIELDRIN. MODIFYING EFFECTS. MORTALITY. STRESS.
UPTAKE. ..... .................... 109
BIRD. FISHEATING BIRD. IBIS. MORTALITY. PESTICIDES.
TEXAS ......... ..... ......... ... 207
BIRD. CANADA. COMMON TERN. DDE. EGGSHELL QUALITY.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS ........ . ....... .. .215
BIRD. AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. DDT. DUCKS.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. . ...... ,221
BIRD. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FARALLON ISLANDS.
FISHEATING BIRD. MURRE. ORGANCCHLORINES ..... .... 250
BIRD. GULL. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..... .320
BIRD. DIELDRIN. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING ......... 383
180
-------
BIRO. METABOLISM. PCBS. PHARMACQDYNAMICS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ......... 385
BIRO. CANADA. DUCK. EGGS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTHEASTERN US , ,387
BIRD. ODE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING. INCUBATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 388
BIRD. CHEMISTRY. ODE. DUCKS. EGGSHELLS.
MINERAL COMPOSITION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... 389
BIRD. ODE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 390
BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS. CHANGES OVER TIME.
GREAT BRITAIN. GREBE. ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION. . . . 5C6
BIRD. BIRDS OF PREY. CHANGES OVER TIME.
EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN. 511
BIRD. BALD EAGLE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ... .519
BIRD. AUTOPSY. BALD EAGLES. MORTALITY.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . ..... 520
BIRD. ANTARCTICA. DDT. MAMMALS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PENGUINS. SEALS .563
BIRD. ANTARCTICA. FISH. MAMMAL.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ............... 594
BIRD, DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS 590
BIRD, ALBERTA. CANADA. DDE. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS 591
BIRD. ALASKA. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. DDE. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE POPULATION ,640
BIRD KILLS. CALIFORNIA. FISHEATING BIRDS. INSECTICIDES.
OREGON. ORGANCCHLORINES . 348
BIRDS. DDT. OSPREYS. ....... .... 012
BIRDS. DDT. METABOLISM. PCBS. PERSISTENCE. ....... 033
BIRDS. DUCK. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . , .040
181
-------
BIROS. ANTARCTIC. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ZEALAND. ORGANOCHLCRINES. . 042
BIRDS. BACTERIA. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. NORTH ATLANTIC,
PCBS .............. .059
BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. QRGANQCHLQRINES. REVIEW, ... 116
BIRDS. DOT. DUCKS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. .... .IS1
BIRDS. CESTOCES. DUCKS. MONITORING.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE ,153
BIRDS. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE. ........ 168
BIRDS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
REVIEW. , .170
BIRDS. GREAT LAKES. HERRING GULLS.
REPRCOUCTIVE SUCCESS. ........ .. .234
BIRDS. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. GREAT LAKES. HERRING GULLS. .236
BIRDS. DDE. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. PCBS. PESTICIDES. .2S7
BIRDS. DOE. EGGSHELL. ENDOCRINOLOGY.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. PARATHYROID HORMONE.
THINNING .280
BIRDS. DUCK. GROWTH. MIREX. REPRODUCTION .289
BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS. PESTICIDES.
SPECIES SENSITIVITY. .................. 2SO
BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCK. PCBS. REPRODUCTION. . 292
BIRDS. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. WILDLIFE. . 3G8
BIRDS. BALTIC. CDT. MAMMAL. METABOLISM. PCBS. SWEDEN. . .319
BIRDS. COOTS. EGGS. IOWA. PESTICIDES. TEAL. ...... .331
BIRDS. ASCENSION ISLAND. FISHEATING BIRDS, PCBS.
SOUTH ATLANTIC. .332
BIRDS. DDE. FISHEATING BIRDS, OVERVIEW. PCBS. RAPTORS. . 347
BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. GEOGRAPHIC 0ISTR IBl'T ICN. . . . 349
BIRDS. FISH. MOLLUSKS. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. RHINE RIVER. . 365
182
-------
BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FUNGICIDES. HCB. NETHERLANDS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION DECLINE 366
BIRDS. DIELDRIN. DUCK. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. VISION. .... 361
BIRDS. ALASKA. FOOD CHAIN. MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
PEREGRINE FALCONS 384
BIRDS. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FLORIDA.
ORGANOCHLORINES. 386
BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW ..,.. 475
BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. GUILLEMOTS. ORGANCCHLORINES.
SIGNIFICANCE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE . 484
BIRDS. GANNETS. GREAT BRITAIN. MORTALITY. PCES,
POST MORTEM 486
BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR. EGGSHELL THINNING.
ENZYHOLOGY. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. .489
BIRDS. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. BREEDING SUCCESS. FOOD CHAIN.
GREAT BRITAIN. PC8S. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 5C7
BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN.
HISTORIC CHANGES. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. .512
BIRDS. FISH. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PACIFIC. REVIEW. TRANSPORT .526
BIROS. CONTROVERSY. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. STATISTICS. .527
BIRDS. BIOACCUMULATION. ECOSYSTEMS. FISh.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. REVIEW. .... 528
BIRDS. DDT. FISHEATING BIRDS. INVERTEBRATES.
MARINE FOOD CHAINS. PACIFIC 531
BIRDS. DDT. FAT MOBILIZATION. MIGRATION. PCBS 567
BIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX. PERSISTENCE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY. UPTAKE. ... 584
BIRDS. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. MODIFYING EFFECTS. . . . .599
BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. PESTICIDES 6CO
BIRDS. DDE. EGGSHELL THICKNESS* GREAT BLUE HERCK. . . . .614
183
-------
BIRDS. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY. . . 618
8IROS. AVIAN TOXICITY. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. .... 622
BIRDS. OCT. PETREL. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ......... .... .659
BIRDS. AGENT ORANGE. AIR FORCE. FIELD STUDY. FISH.
HERBICIDES. 24 D 660
BIRDS. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. EGGS. PC8S. PESTICIDES. . , 665
BIRDS OF PREY. BIRD. CHANGES OVER TIME.
EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN .511
BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLQGY. FISH.
INSECTICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . .177
BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENDRIN. INSECTICIDE.
PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFER. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .184
BLUE CRAB. ABUNDANCE. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. DIELDRIN.
MIREX. MORTALITY .420
BLUE CRABS. BEHAVIOR. DDT. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .392
8LUE CRABS. BIOACCUMULATION. INVERTEBRATE. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. .... 550
BOAT PAINT. PCBS. PLANKTON. SWEDEN .326
BOOK. FAO. MARINE POLLUTION. RESEARCH NEEDS. SEFINAR. , ,243
BOOK. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. SURVIVAL. SYMPOSIUM, ... 352
BOOK. CONFERENCE. MARINE ORGANISMS. PHYSIOLOGY.
POLLUTION. .......... . 615
BOOK. ENVIRONMENT. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM , .647
BRAIN. ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH.
MONITORING. CRGANCPHOSPHATES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 644
BREAKDOWN. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT 477
BREAKDOWN. CARBAMATE. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECTS. SEVIN. . 631
BREEDING BEHAVIOR. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
ENZYMOLOGY. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. .489
184
-------
BREECING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS. DDE. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PCBS.
PELICANS .018
BREECING SUCCESS. BIRD. CHANGES OVER TIME.
GREAT BRITAIN. GREBE. ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION. . . . 5C6
BREEDING SUCCESS. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN.
GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 5C7
BREEDING SUCCESS. BEHAVIOR. FISH. FISHEATING BIRDS.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW .583
BROWN PELICAN. EGGSHELL MEASUREMENTS. FLORIDA.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SOUTH CAROLINA 047
8UDWORM CONTROL. CANADA. DDT. SALMON. ......... .OC9
BUDWCRM CCNTRCL. CANADA. DDT. SALMONIDS. ........ 142
BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. MONITORING. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. TCXICITY. . ........... .160
BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
EPA GULF BREEZE LABORATORY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT ........ .... ..Ul
BURROWING. BEHAVIOR. INVERTEBRATE. PHENOL.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .......... ». 585
8YSSUS FORMATION. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
MYTILUS. ORGANOCHLORINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... .536
CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRD.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA .049
CALIFORNIA. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SOUTH CAROLINA ,050
CALIFORNIA. ODE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PCBS.
PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. ................ 051
CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. MORTALITY.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SEA LION. ...... 065
CALIFORNIA. CRABS. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. MONITORING ....... .072
CALIFORNIA. DOT. FISH. MONITORING. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION.
WHITE CROAKERS. .......... ... .IC2
185
-------
CALIFORNIA. ASHY PETREL. DOT. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS .131
CALIFORNIA. DCT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GULF OF CALIFORNIA. TRIPHOTURUS. ..... . . 133
CALIFORNIA. DCT. FOOD CHAINS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PARTICULATE MATTER. .................. .136
CALIFORNIA CURRENT. DDT. INVERTEBRATE. MODEL.
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE 137
CALIFORNIA. CLEAR LAKE. ECOSYSTEM. MODEL.
TOXIC CHEMICALS 139
CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SEA LIONS 148
CALIFORNIA, CCT. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. LIPICS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY 196
CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
MIGRATION. QRGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 2CO
CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PELICAN.
SOUTH CAROLINA. X-RAY DIFFRACTION. . ..... 245
CALIFORNIA. BIRD. EGGSHELL THINNING. FARALLON ISLANDS.
FISHEATING BIRD. MURRE. ORGANOCHLORINES , . 250
CALIFORNIA. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. MONTEREY BAY.
PESTICIDE, RUNOFF. 256
CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE. PC8S.
SANTA BARBARA. SEDIMENTS 3C9
CALIFORNIA. FISH KILLS. PESTICIDES. 311
CALIFORNIA. BIRD KILLS. FISHEATING BIRDS. INSECTICIDES.
OREGCN. ORGANCCHLORINES 348
CALIFORNIA. CCT. MAMMAL. SEA LIONS .375
CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. ....... .4C2
CALIFORNIA. PESTICIDES. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. .... .419
CALIFORNIA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT. SYNERGISM. .... .436
CALIFORNIA. 8 IOMAGNIFICAT ION. ORGANOCHLGRINES 447
186
-------
CALIFORNIA. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. DOT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEDIMENTS. TRANSPORT. . , . . . 540
CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. PCBS.
SEWAGE. . . ....... .549
CALIFORNIA. MAMMALS. ORGANQCKLQRINE PESTICIDES. OTTERS.
SEALS 556
CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH. ................. 557
CALIFORNIA. CONFIRMATION. PHTHALATE ESTERS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY. .. ............ 562
CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMAL.
PESTICIDES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. WHALES. . . . 648
CANADA. ARCTIC. DDT, MACKENZIE DELTA. WHALES OC3
CANADA. HERRING OILS. MAMMALS. MARINE OILS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEAL OILS, WHALE OILS. . . , ,OC5
CANACA. BUOWORM CONTROL. DDT. SALMON. 009
CANADA. BREEDING SUCCESS. CORMORANTS. DDE. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PCBS.
PELICANS .018
CANADA. EGGSHELL THICKNESS. WHOOPING CRANES. ..... ,019
CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES.
SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER. SEDIMENT. ...... . .057
CANADA. BUDWCRM CONTROL. DDT, SALMONIDS. ........ 142
CANADA. ATLANTIC. DDT. FISH. METABOLITES.
SPRUCE BUDWORK. ........... .. .119
CANADA. DDT. FIELD STUDY. LATENT EFFECT. SALMCN.
TRANSPORT 188
CANACA. EGGS. FOOD CHAIN. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCON. ................... .189
CANADA. ALASKA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCON. YUKON. ................ 190
CANACA. BIRO. COMMON TERN. DDE. EGGSHELL QUALITY.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS. ....... ..... .215
CANADA. MAMMAL. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. SEALS. .216
187
-------
CANADA. BAY CF FUNDY. MAMMAL.
GRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PORPOISES. .... 226
CANADA. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. FISHEATING BIRDS. GULLS.
HERRING GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ... 235
CANADA. COMMON TERNS. EGGS. FUNGICIDES. HCB.
ORGANCCHLORINES 237
CANADA. DDT. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. SALMON ,247
CANADA. BEHAVIOR. FISH. PCTS. REACTOR COOLANTS.
TERPHENYLS. TROUT. 255
CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMALS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SCOTLAND. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... .300
CANADA. DDT. PESTICIDES. SALMON.
SPRUCE BUDWORM CONTROL 339
CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FOOD CHAIN.
FOREST SPRAYING. PESTICIDES. SALMON. . 340
CANADA. BIRD. DUCK. EGGS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTHEASTERN US .387
CANADA. DDT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HUMAN FOOD.
SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 570
CANADA. ALBERTA. BIRD. DDE. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS. 591
CANADA. FAO CONFERENCE. GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE.
OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES .597
CANADA. BHC. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. ....... .613
CANADA. GULF CF SAINT LAWRENCE. PCBS. PLANKTON.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION 628
CANADA. FISH. HUMAN FOOD. METABOLISM. PHTHALATE ESTERS. .645
CANADA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. .662
CANADA. BAY OF FUNDY. BIRDS. EGGS. PCBS. PESTICIDES. , . 665
CANADA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. .667
CANADA. BIOMAGNIFICATION. DI8ENZODIOXINS,
DIBENZOFURANS. PCBS. PCTS 668
188
-------
CANADA. BAY OF FUNDY. EGGS. GULLS. PCTS. ........ 6i9
CARBAMATE. CLAMS. NEMERTEAN WORMS, OREGON. PCLYCHAETES.
SEVIN. SHRIMP. ...................... 027
CARBAMATE. DEVELOPMENT, INVERTEBRATE, MUSSEL, SEVIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ................... ,028
CARBAMATE. DUNGENESS CRAB. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SEVIN. .............. .066
CARBAMATE. CLAM, GROWTH. SEVIN. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. . ,073
CARBAMATE. CARBARYL. DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE. '
PESTICIDES, ...................... .335
CARBAMATE. ENZYMQLOGY. FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. SYNERGISM. .............. 394
CARBAMATE. DDT SUBSTITUTE. REVIEW. SEVIN ... .466
CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATES. OR6ANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE.
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. PHOTOSYNTHESIS, ............ 588
CARBAMATE. BREAKDOWN. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECTS. SEVIN. . 631
CARBAMATES. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON. SURC. ............ 560
CARBARYL. CARBAMATE. DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE.
PESTICIDES ,335
CARBOHYDRATE. BIOCHEMISTRY. HERBICIDES. MARINE ALGAE,
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. WEED CONTROL. . . . . '. . .' .626
CARDIAC MALFORMATION. DEVELOPMENT. KILLIFISH.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT, ,.. ... .636
CARIBBEAN. GECGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, GULF OF MEXICO.
I DOE. ORGANOCHLORINES. 230
CARIBBEAN. GULF OF MEXICO. ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON. . .232
i • '" 1
CATFISH. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. MIREX. MISSISSIPPI.
PESTICIDES. ............... . . .283
CATICNS. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. QSMOREGL'LATIQN.
SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ....... ,,. 460
CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH. FISH KILL. GUATEMALA,
INVERTEBRATES. PESTICIDE LEVELS. ....'.., 345
189
-------
CESTCOES. BIRDS. DUCKS. MONITORING.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE 153
CHANGES OVER TIME. COO. DDT. FJORDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORWAY. ..... 046
CHANGES OVER TIKE. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SHELLFISH 086
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. MARINE PRODUCTIVITY.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTION. SEA TROUT. TEXAS COAST 088
CHANGES OVER TIME. CANADA. ORGANQCHLORINE INSECTICIDES.
SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER. SEDIMENT. 097
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. DIELDRIN. FISHEATING BIRD.
GREAT BRITAIN. 130
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. PLANKTON .134
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FOOD CHAIN. PERSISTENCE 138
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FIELD STUDY. FISH. FLORIDA.
INVERTEBRATES. TIDAL MARSH .141
CHANGES OVER TIME. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS .147
CHANGES OVER TIME. BIOMAGNIFICATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW YORK.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH 2C8
CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. NEW YCRK.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH 210
CHANGES OVER TIME. CHEMICALS. OCEANS. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT. 241
CHANGES OVER TIME. NORTH ATLANTIC. PLANKTON 277
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. DUCKS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
MONITORING. PESTICIDES. WINGS 2P7
CHANGES OVER TIME. CALIFORNIA. DOE. PCBS. ....
SANTA BARBARA. SEDIMENTS 3C9
CHANGES OVER TIME. EGGSHELL CHANGES. FISHEATING 8IRCS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. RAPTORIAL BIRDS. REVIEW 295
CHANGES OVER TIME. ATLANTIC. DDT. FISH.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. POPULATION TRENDS.
STATISTICAL SURVEY 333
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. FLORIDA. METABCLISM.
SHELLFISH. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE. ... 272
190
-------
CHANGES OVER TIME. CANADA. DDT. FOOD CHAIN.
FOREST SPRAYING. PESTICIDES. SALMON . ... 340
CHANGES OVER TIKE. BIOMAGNIFICATION. FOOD CHAIN.
HUDSON RIVER. QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT. . . . 358
CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES. MORTALITY.
NETHERLANDS. PC8S. POPULATION. TERN 364
CHANGES OVER TIME. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH. ....... ,402
CHANGES OVER TIME. ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. DDT. CIELDRIN.
MIREX. MORTALITY. ... ........... .420
CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE. EGG. HISTORIC CHANGES.
PEREGRINE FALCON .491
CHANGES OVER TIME. BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS.
GREAT BRITAIN. GREBE. QRGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION. ... 506
CHANGES OVER TIME. BIRD. BIRDS OF PREY.
EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN. ........... ,511
CHANGES OVER TIME. FALCON. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE. POPULATION DECLINE .513
CHANGES OVER TIME. BIOMAGNIFICATION. FOOD CHAINS.
GREAT BRITAIN. INSECTICIDES. MARINE ORGANISMS. ..... 537
CHANGING CHEMISTRY. DDT. MARINE POLLUTION. OCEANS.
PCBS. SYMPOSIUM. SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. ... 172
CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLORINES. MARINE ORGANISMS.
OCEANOGRAPHY. PACIFIC. TRANSPORT. ... ... .478
CHEMICAL ASPECTS. CONFERENCE. FAO. MODEL. POLLUTION.
TRANSPORT. ........ .* 045
CHEMICAL WASTES. ENDOSULFAN. INSECTICIDES.
MARINE POLLUTION. NORTH SEA. OCEAN DUMPING. . 251
CHEMICALS. CHANGES OVER TIME. OCEANS. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT. ...... ........ 241
CHEMISTRY. BIRD. ODE. DUCKS. EGGSHELLS.
MINERAL COMPOSITION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 389
CHEMCRECEPTICN. FISH. ORGANOPHOSPHATE. PARATHICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT • 356
CHEMCSTERILANTS. AZIRIDINE. GROWTH. INSECTICIDES.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 504
191
-------
CHEMCTAXIS. BACTERIA. MICROORGANISMS. ORGANOCHLCRINE.
PREDATION. , . 434
*«,
CHESAPEAKE' BAY. ORGANOCHLORINES. SURFACE SLICKS. . . . . 4C3
CHESAPEAKE BAY. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. FISH. MARYLAND.
MCLLUSKS. PESTICIDES. VIRGINIA. ... .... .448
i
CHESAPEAKE BAY. ESTUARINE ANIMALS. FIELD STUDY.
HERBICIDES. TCXICITY .514
CHLORINATED 0IBENZODIOXINS, EMBRYONIC DEATH.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. WILDLIFE. .... .063
CHLORINATED DI8ENZOFURANS. EMBRYONIC DEATH.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. WILDLIFE. .. ... .063
CHLORINATED BY PRODUCTS. DEGRADATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE POLLUTION. TCXICITY.
VINYL CHLORIDE. .. ............. .323
CHROMOSOMES. BIRD. DIELDRIN. DUCKS. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . .071
CILIATE. ACCUMULATION. MICROORGANISM. MIREX. PCBS.
TETRAHYMENA , . 118
CILIATE. ACCUMULATION. MICROORGANISM. PCBS.
TETRAHYMENA 119
CIRCULATION. DDT. DEGRADATION. ECOSYSTEM, MODEL.
PLANKTON. TRANSPORT. ................... 140
CLAM. CARBAMATE. GROWTH. SEVIN. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. . .073
CLAMS. CARBAMATE. NEMERTEAN WORMS. OREGON. POLYCHAETES,
SEVIN. SHRIMP. 027
CLEAR LAKE. CALIFORNIA. ECOSYSTEM. MODEL.
TOXIC CHEMICALS. ............. 139
COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. DDT. FISH AND WILCLIFE.
HABITAT MODIFICATION. HERBICIDES. MONITORING. TOXICITY, .089
COASTAL ENVIRONMENT. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDE RESIDUES. ... 163
COASTAL MARSHES. DDT. FOOD CHAIN. MOLLUSKS. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. SYMPOSIUM. . .080
COASTAL MARSHLANDS. CRUSTACEA. INVERTEBRATES,
MALATHION. MOSQUITO CONTROL. PESTICIDES. TEXAS. .... .115
192
-------
COD LIVER. DDT. NORWAY .578
COD. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FJORDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORWAY. ...... 046
COLLOIDS. ADSORPTION. CONCENTRATION. DDT.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. TRANSPORT. ... . . .499
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS. BIOASSAY. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
FISHES. GREAT LAKES. LAMPREYS. TOXICITY. ........ 026
COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. CATFISH. MIREX. MISSISSIPPI.
PESTICIDES. 283
COMMON TERN. BIRD. CANADA, DDE. EGGSHELL QUALITY.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS. 215
COMMON TERNS. CANADA. EGGS. FUNGICIDES. HC8.
ORGANOCHLORINES. ..... ...... 237
COMMUNITY. BHC. DDT. DELAWARE. EFFECTS CN WILDLIFE.
REVIEW. STROBANE. TIDAL MARSHES. ............ 228
COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEMS. ESTUARINE ANIMALS. PCBS 2€4
COMMUNITY, PCES. PHYTOPLANKTON. ............ .441
COMMUNITY. DDT. PCBS. PLANKTON. ..... .445
COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEM. IMPACT. PESTICIDES.,REVIEk. . « . .498
COMMUNITY. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. MILITARY USE.
VIETNAM 639
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. BIOASSAY. COMMERCIAL PROCUCTS.
FISHES. GREAT LAKES. LAMPREYS. TOXICITY. ........ 026
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DECAPOD. INSECTICIDES.
INVERTEBRATE. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE . .179
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION. ESTUARINE FISH.
FISH. MUMMICHOG. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISK ,180
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. ESTUARINE FISHES. FISH.
INSECTICIDES. ............ 181
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. BIRDS. DUCKS. PESTICIDES.
SPECIES SENSITIVITY 290
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. BIRDS. DUCK. PCBS. REPRODUCTION. . 292
193
-------
COMPARATIVE TGXICITY. CRAB. CDT, GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
MIREX. OSMOREGULATION. ....... 380
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. ENDRIN. FISH 393
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. FISH CONTROL. LAMPREY.
NITRCSALICYLANILIDE. TROUT. . ........ .4C9
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. FISH CONTROL.
NITRCSALICYLANILIDES. TROUT 410
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DDT. OIELORIN. FISH. HAWAII.
LINDANE. PHENOL 469
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. MARINE ORGANISMS. PESTICIDE.
REVIEW .479
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH. INSECTICIDES. SALMONIDS. . . 502
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ENDRIN. ESTUARINE ORGANISES.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. ................. .548
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS. ORGANOPHOSPHATES.
WILDLIFE .558
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. DUCKS. HANDBOOK. PESTICIDES.
WILDLIFE. . . 538
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. BIRDS. PESTICIDES. ........ 600
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. HERBICIDES. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON.
TEST CULTURES. 601
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY, DI8ENZOFURANS, FISH. PCBS.
SALMON. 666
CONCENTRATION. ADSORPTION. COLLOIDS. DDT.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. TRANSPORT 499
CONFERENCE. CHEMICAL ASPECTS. FAO. MODEL. POLLUTION.
TRANSPORT 045
i
CONFERENCE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. IDOE.
ORGANCCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT 157
CONFERENCE. FAO. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. MEDITERRANEAN.
PESTICIDES. POLLUTION. .... 252
CONFERENCE. FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS, PESTICIDES.
POLLUTANTS. REVIEW. 258
194
-------
CONFERENCE. BOOK. MARINE ORGANISMS. PHYSIOLOGY.
POLLUTION 615
CONFIRMATION. PCBS. WILDLIFE. ... .... .525
«.
CONFIRMATION. CALIFORNIA. PHTHALATE ESTERS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY » 562
CONJUGATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH. . . .361
CONTAMINATION FROM NETS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
HYDROCARBONS. MONITORING. PC8S. PLANKTON ,279
CONTROVERSY. COT. PERSISTENCE. ... 174
CONTROVERSY. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICANS. ..... 285
CONTROVERSY. BICACCUMULATION. BIQMAGNIFICATICN.
FOOD CHAIN. ORGANCCHLORINES 443
CCNTRCVERSY. BIRDS. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. STATISTICS. .527
CONTROVERSY. DOE. EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICANS.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. ................. .592
COOTS. BIRDS. EGGS. IOWA. PESTICIDES. TEAL . .331
CORAL REEFS. BAHAMAS. DDT. GROUPERS. GULF OF MEXICO.
PCBS. ................... .231
CORMORANTS. BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. DDE. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PCBS.
PELICANS. .018
CORMORANTS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. EGGS. FISHEATING BIROS.
FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICIDES. PCBS. PELICANS , .249
CORMORANTS. FCOC CHAIN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAINE.
MIGRATION. PESTICIDES. ................. 370
CCST BENEFIT. ECOSYSTEMS. INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY.
QRGANCCHLORINES. SYNERGISM. WORKSHOP. ......... .315
CRAB. DIELDRIN. INVERTEBRATE. UPTAKE. . ... .194
CRAB. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DDT. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
MIREX. OSMOREGULATION 380
5
CRAB CONTROL. LINDANE. SHELLFISH MANAGEMENT. ...... 261
CRABS. DEVELOPMENT. LARVAL STAGE. MIREX.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE .055
195
-------
CRABS. CALIFORNIA. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. MONITORING ........ .... .072
CRABS. DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE.
LARVAE. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...............
CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DIELDRIN.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. NORTH CAROLINA.
PLANKTON. ........ ......... ...... . i<53
CROWN OF THORNS. PACIFIC. PCBS. INVERTEBRATE.
REPRCOUCTION. SEASTAR. ......... ........ 418
CRUSTACEA. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. DDT, ESTUARINE FAUNA.
MONITORING. OVERVIEW. SHELLFISH ............. 081
CRUSTACEA. COASTAL MARSHLANDS. INVERTEBRATES.
MALATHION. MOSQUITO CONTROL. PESTICIDES. TEXAS ...... 115
CRUSTACEA. FISH. SYNERGISM. TOXAPHENE. TOXICITY ..... 132
CRUSTACEA. INVERTEBRATE. SLIMICIOE ............ 144
CTC. MICROORGANISMS. NITROFURANS. SHRIMP. TETRACYCLINE . .630
CYANIDES. FISH. FISH KILL. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PHENOLS. SALKONIDS. TOXIC ZONES .......... ... 568
DCBP. DDT. AUTOPSY DATA. 8ALC EAGLES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PC8S. ... .......... . ......... .. .039
OCA. EXCRETION. FISHES. FLOUNDER. MODIFYING EFFECTS.
RENAL SYSTEM. UPTAKE. ........ ...... ... .5C9
DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. PCB. RAPTORS ...... ..... .017
DCE. NORTH CENTRAL US. PCBS. PELICANS.
BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION ...... . ..... ..... 018
ODE. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRD.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. . ......... . .049
ODE. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PC8S.
PELICAN. SOUTF CAROLINA. . ............... 051
DDE. FISHEATING BIROS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
PCBS. . ...... .............. ..... 053
196
-------
DDE. DIELDRIN. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS. PEREGRINE FALCCN. . .054
ODE. ALASKA. EGGSHELL THINNING. PEREGRINE FALCCK.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS , . .091
ODE. BIRD. CANADA. COMMON TERN. EGGSHELL QUALITY.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS .215
DDE. DUCK. PHYSIOLOGY. SALT GLAND. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . . 218
DDE. BIRDS. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. PC8S. PESTICIDES. .257
DDE. BIRDS. EGGSHELL. ENDOCRINOLOGY.
GRGANOCHLQRINE PESTICIDE. PARATHYROID HCRMCNE.
THINNING 280
DDE. CONTROVERSY. EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICANS. ..... 285
DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING. EH8RYQ MORTALITY.
REPRODUCTION. SU8LETHAL EFFECT 291
ODE. CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. PCBS.
SANTA BARBARA. SEDIMENTS. .3C9
DDE. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. OVERVIEW. PCBS. RAPTORS. . 347
DDE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INSECTICIDES.
NETHERLANDS. NORTH SEA. SANDfclCH TERNS. ........ .367
DDE. BIRO. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING. INCU8ATICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .388
ODE. BIRD. CHEMISTRY. DUCKS. EGGSHELLS.
HINERAL COMPOSITION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 389
DDE. BIRD. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ........ .390
DDE. CHANGES CVER TIME. EGG. HISTORIC CHANGES.
PEREGRINE FALCON, 491
DDE. DIELDRIN. EGGS, FARNE ISLANDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHAG. ... .5C3
ODE. BIROS. CONTROVERSY. EGGSHELL THINNING, STATISTICS. ,527
DDE. BIRD. EGGSHELL THINNING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS 590
DDE. ALBERTA. BIRD. CANADA. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS .......591
197
-------
DDE. CONTROVERSY. EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICANS.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. .592
DDE. BIROS. EGGSHELL THICKNESS. GREAT BLUE HERCN!. . • - .614
ODE. ALASKA. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. BIRD. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE POPULATION. ..... ... .640
DCT SUBSTITUTE. CARBAMATE. REVIEW. SEVIN. ....... .466
DDT. ARCTIC. CANADA. MACKENZIE DELTA. WHALES. ..... .OC3
DDT. FATE. METABOLISM. MICROBIOLOGY. SECIMENT.
SEVERN ESTUARY. SEWAGE ....... .007
DDT. BUDWORM CONTROL. CANADA. SALMON. ......... .OC9
DDT. NORTHEASTERN US. CSPREY. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . . .011
DDT. BIRDS. OSPREYS 012
DDT. NERVOUS SYSTEM. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. TROUT. ..... .020
DDT. ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. CIELDRIN. MAINE.
MONITORING. SALMON. ... ...... .022
DDT. BARRACUDA. FISH 025
DDT. DIELDRIN. MAMMAL. SOUTH AFRICA. .......... 029
DDT. BIROS. METABOLISM. PCBS. PERSISTENCE. ....... 033
DDT. DCBP. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PCBS .039
DDT. CHANGES OVER TIME. COD. FJORDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORWAY 046
DDT. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SOUTH CAROLINA. 050
DDT. ALGAE. METABOLISM. 2 4 C. . 062
DDT. OYSTER. SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. . . 064
DDT. ALDRIN. OVERVIEW. USOI. WATER QUALITY. WATERFOWL.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 067
DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. SALMONIDS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .069
198
-------
OCT. CALIFORNIA. CRABS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. MONITORING. ........... .072
DDT. FIXATION IN ESTUARIES. FLORIDA. MONITORING.
OVERVIEW. SU8L6THAL EFFECTS. ... .... 077
DDT. MARINE ANIMALS. MONITORING. ESTUARINE POLLUTION.
PESTICIDES 078
DDT. COASTAL MARSHES. FOOD CHAIN. MQLLUSKS. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. SYMPOSIUM. . 080
DDT. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. ESTUARINE FAUNA.
MONITORING. OVERVIEW. SHELLFISH. . . 081
DDT. MOLLUSK. SHELLFISH. 085
DOT. MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. MONITORING.
CHANGES OVER TIME. REPRODUCTION. SEA TROUT.
TEXAS COAST 088
DDT. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. FISH AND WILDLIFE.
HABITAT MODIFICATION. HERBICIDES. MONITORING. TCXICITY. .089
DDT. ALASKA. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES OS2
DDT. ORGANOCHLORINES. PC8S. SEWAGE. SOLID WASTE.
DIELORIN OS9
DDT. CALIFORNIA. FISH. MONITORING, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION.
WHITE CROAKERS .102
DDT. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. SALMON. . .106
DDT. BALD EAGLES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MORTALITY CAUSES. POST MORTEM EXAMS 120
DDT. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MONITORING. MORTALITY.
OVERVIEW. TOXICITY 126
DDT. CHANGES OVER TIME. DIELDRIN. FISHEATING BIRD.
GREAT BRITAIN 130
DDT. ASHY PETREL. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS. .131
DDT. CALIFORNIA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GULF OF CALIFORNIA. TRIPHOTURUS 133
DDT. CHANGES OVER TIME. FISH. PLANKTON 134
199
-------
ODT. FOOD CHAINS. PLANKTON. UPTAKE. . . ..... ... .135
DDT. CALIFORNIA. FOOD CHAINS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PARTICULATE MATTER. .... ........ ...... .136
DDT. CALIFORNIA CURRENT. INVERTEBRATE. MODEL.
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. . ...... ... 137
OCT. PERSISTENCE. CHANGES OVER TIME. FOOD CHAIN. .... 138
OCT. CIRCULATION. DEGRADATION. ECOSYSTEM. MODEL.
PLANKTON. TRANSPORT. ............ ...... 140
DDT. CHANGES OVER TIME. FIELD STUDY. FISH. FLORIDA.
INVERTEBRATES. TIDAL MARSH. .............. .141
DDT. BUDWORM CONTROL. CANADA. SALMONIOS ...... ...
DDT. BIRDS. DUCKS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. .... .151
DDT. DUCKS. METABOLISM. MONITORING.
TISSUE DISTRUBITION ............... .... 152
DDT. ATLANTIC. CANADA. FISH. METABOLITES.
SPRUCE BUDWORM. ........ .......... .. .159
DDT. METABOLISM. SHARK ..... ...... ..... . .171
DDT. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. MARINE POLLUTION. OCEANS.
PC8S. SYMPOSIUM. SYNTHETIC ORGANICS ........ ... 172
DDT. CONTROVERSY. PERSISTENCE. . ............ 174
DDT. CANADA. FIELD STUDY. LATENT EFFECT. SALKCN.
TRANSPORT ............. . ..... ..... 188
DDT. ENZYMOLCGY. LINDANE. MOLLUSK. QUAHOG CLAM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ..... ........... . . , 191
ODT. CALIFORNIA. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. LIPIDS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY ................... . 196
DDT. 8IOACCUMULATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA. UPTAKE. .... 197
DDT. METABOLISM. FISH. SOLE. UPTAKE. .......... 198
DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRD. NEW YORK.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. . ...... ... ...... 2C9
DDT. DIELDRIN. DUCK. HEPATITIS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE.
VIRUS INTERACTION. SYNERGISM. .... ..... .... ,220
200
-------
DOT. AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. BIRD. DUCKS.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. ....... .221
DDT. DUCK. HEPATITUS. SYNERGISM. VIRUS. ........ .222
DDT. SALMON. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SYNERGISM. TROUT. . .223
DDT. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. TROUT. .. ..... .225
DOT. BAY OF FUNDY. HARBOR SEALS. MAINE. MAMMAL.
MONITORING. PC8S. ................... .227
OCT. 8HC. COMMUNITY. DELAWARE, EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE.
REVIEW. STROEANE. TIDAL MARSHES 228
DDT. PESTICIDES. PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS.
RESISTANCE. REVIEW. 229
DDT. BAHAMAS. CORAL REEFS. GROUPERS. GULF OF MEXICO.
PC8S .231
ODT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OVERVIEW. PCBS. ..... .240
DDT. CANADA. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. SALMON. ..... .247
DDT. BEHAVIOR. FISH. MALATHICN. MQSQUITCFISH. SALINITY.
SELECTION. ... ........ 263
DDT. CHANGES CVER TIME. FISH. FLORIDA. METABOLISM.
SHELLFISH. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE. .... .272
DDT. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. LONGISLAND SOUND.
NEW YORK. PCBS. TERNS. ............ 284
DDT. CHANGES CVER TIME. DUCKS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MONITORING. PESTICIDES. WINGS. . ... 287
DDT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH. LEARNING. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .316
DDT. EEL. FISH, OSMOREGULATICN. PHYSIOLOGY.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT .318
DDT. BALTIC. BIRDS. MAMMAL. METABOLISM. PCBS. ShEDEN. . .319
DDT. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES.
POST MORTEMS. RAPTORS 321
DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ANIMALS. PCBS. . . .324
201
-------
DDT. BALTIC. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS 325
DDT. ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. FISH.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. POPULATION TRENDS.
STATISTICAL SURVEY. 333
OCT. CANADA. PESTICIDES. SALMON.
SPRUCE 8UDWORM CONTROL. ................ .339
DDT. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. FOOD CHAIN.
FOREST SPRAYING. PESTICIDES. SALMON ...... 340
DDT. eiOACCUMULATICN. MARINE DIATOMS. METABOLISM.
PLANKTON. UPTAKE. .. ..... 342
DDT. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH. METABOLISM. PCB.
UPTAKE .344
DDT. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. GULLS. POPULATICN STUDIES.
REPRODUCTION. WISCONSIN. ........ 346
DDT. ENZYMCLGGY. FISH. ORGANCCHLORINES. GSMOREGLLATION.
PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 355
DDT. DUCK. EGGS. METABOLISM. PELICAN 371
DDT. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. SEA LIONS 375
DDT. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CRAB. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
MIREX. OSMOREGULATION 380
DDT. BEHAVIOR. BLUE CRABS. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .392
DDT. TROUT. B IOACCUMULATION. BIQMAGNIFICATICN. FISH.
FOOD CHAIN. ,399
DDT. DIELDRIN. INTERACTION. METABOLISM. TROUT. UPTAKE. . 4CO
DDT. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. ... ...... .401
DDT. CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. FISH 4C2
DDT. ANCHOVY. FISH. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISM 404
_f
DDT. DIELDRIN. METHOXYCHLQR. CRGANQCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SYNERGISM. TROUT. .417
DOT. ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. CHANGES OVER TIME. CIELDRIN,
MIREX. MORTALITY. ....... ... .420
202
-------
DDT. AMINQ ACIDS. BIOCHEMISTRY. DIELORIN.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. TROUT 423
DDT. 8IOASSAY. DIELDRIN. FLORIDA. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. . ..... 440
DDT. COMMUNITY. PCBS. PLANKTON. ............ .445
DDT. FISH. SALINITY. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. 449
DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT. SIZE. UPTAKE. ....... 450
DDT. FISH. MCCIFYING EFFECT. MONITORING. RESPIRATION.
UPTAKE. .451
DDT. CATIONS. ENZYMOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. QSMQREGLLATION.
SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 460
DDT. INVERTEBRATE. SHRIMP. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... .464
DDT. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DIELORIN. FISH. HAWAII.
LINDANE. PHENOL. 469
DOT. BEHAVIOR. BIOACCUKULATION. DETRITUS.
FIDDLER CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. ........ 471
DDT. BEHAVIOR. SALMON. TEMPERATURE SELECTION 473
DOT. DIELDRIN. ESTUARINE FAUNA. SAN ANTONIO BAY. TEXAS. .454
DDT. ADSORPTION. BENTHOS. PARTICULATE MATTER. SEDIMENT.
TRANSPORT 496
DDT. TRANSPORT. ADSORPTION. COLLOIDS. CONCENTRATION.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. ........ ...... 4S9
DDT, DETOXIFICATION. FISH. METABOLISM. SALMON. UPTAKE. . 5C5
DDT. MODIFYING EFFECTS. FISH. ROTENONE. TOXICITY.
TROUT. VOLUME *• 5C8
DDT. EXCRETION. FISH. FLOUNDER. METABOLISM. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .......... 510
DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. . . 529
DDT. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. INVERTEBRATES.
MARINE FOOD CHAINS. PACIFIC 531
DDT. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CALIFORNIA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEDIMENTS. TRANSPORT. ..... 540
203
-------
DDT. CALIFORNIA. FISH . .557
DDT. ALGAE. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PLANKTON. SURC.
UPTAKE. .561
DDT. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. MAMMALS.
ORGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PENGUINS. SEALS 563
DDT. DEVELOPMENT. DIELCRIN. FLOUNDER. REPRODUCTION.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .565
DDT. BIRDS. FAT MOBILIZATION. MIGRATION. PC8S. ..... 567
DDT. CANADA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HUKAN FOOD.
SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ............ .570
DDT. EASTERN US. FIELD STUDY. INSECTICIDES.
MCSQUITO CONTROL. TIDAL MARSHES. WILDLIFE. ....... 571
DDT. BEHAVIOR. BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. FIELD STUDY.
MCSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES 573
DDT. NORWAY. COC LIVER. .578
OCT. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
TRANSPORT. ........ 579
DDT. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. MODIFYING EFFECTS. . . . .599
DDT. BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. DEVELOPMENT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GRUNION. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . . .612
DDT. BARNACLE CONTROL. FOULING. OYSTERS 632
DDT. FIDDLER CRAB. INVERTEBRATES. LIMB REGENERATION.
MCLTING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... ... 634
DDT. BEHAVIOR. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES. FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. TRANSPORT. ... 653
DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MODEL. OVERVIEW. ..... 655
DDT. BIOMAGNIFICATION. EAST COAST ESTUARY. LCNG ISLAND.
NEW YORK 656
DDT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .... 657
DDT. BIRDS. PETREL. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SUBLETHAI FFFFf.T 559
DECAPOD. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. INSECTICIDES.
INVERTEBRATE. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE. 179
204
-------
DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. SALMON. CDT. . .1C6
DEGRADATION. CIRCULATION. DDT. ECOSYSTEM. MODEL.
PLANKTON. TRANSPORT. .... ........ 140
DEGRADATION. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ESTUARINE FISH.
FISH. MUMMICHCG. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. , . .180
DEGRADATION. CANADA. DDT. METABOLISM. SALMON. . 247
'• • ' If- i*
DEGRADATION. CHLORINATED BY PRODUCTS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE POLLUTION. TGXICITY.
VINYL CHLORIDE. .......... . .323
f ' &
DEGRADATION. CAR8AMATE. CAR8ARYL. PERSISTENCE.
PESTICIDES .335
DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE. PESTICIDES. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT. . . . , 427
DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. TRANSFORMATION. ..... 487
DELAWARE. BHC. COMMUNITY. DDT. EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE.
REVIEW. STR08ANE. TIDAL MARSHES 228
DESIGN. PCBS. PESTICIDES. RECOMMENDATIONS.
WORLD MONITORING SYSTEM. 376
DETOXICATION. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM. REVIEW 353
••-* f
DETOXICATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH.
UPTAKE. . .360
DETOXICATION. 8ICMAGNIFICATION. ENZYMOLCGY.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .452
DETOXIFICATION. DOT. FISH. METABOLISM, SALMON. UPTAKE. . 5C5
DETRITUS. BEHAVIOR. BIGACCUMULATION. DDT.
FIDDLER CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. ........ 471
DEVELOPMENT. MUSSEL. CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATE. SEVIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT •• -028
DEVELOPMENT. CRABS. LARVAL STAGE. MIREX.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE 055
DEVELOPMENT. CDT. DIELDRIN. FLOUNDER. REPRODUCTION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 565
205
-------
DEVELOPMENT. BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. DOT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GRUMGN. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . - -612
DEVELOPMENT. CARDIAC MALFORMATION. KILLIFISH.
PESTICIDES. SliBLETHAL EFFECT. . , . .636
DIATOMS. OYSTER CULTURE. PESTICIDES. TOXICITY 457
DIAZINQN. DURS8AN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. FIELD STUDY.
PERSISTENCE. TOXICITY 4C5
DI8EK20DIOXINS. DI8ENZOFURANS. HERBICIDES. PCBS.
PHENCLS - » 663
DIBEKZODIOXINS. PCBS. PCTS. BIOMAGNIFICATICN. CANADA.
DIBENZOFURANS » 668
DIBENZOFURANS. DI8ENZOCIOXINS. HERBICIDES. PCBS.
PHENCLS. . 663
DIBENZOFURANS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH. PCBS.
SALMCN .666
DIBENZOFURANS. PCBS. PCTS. BIOMAGNIFICAT ION. CANADA.
DIBENZODIOXINS .668
DIBRCM 14. EPA BEARS BLUFF LABORATORIES.
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. FIELD STUDIES. FIELD TESTS. ..... 038
DIBRCM. ENZYMOLCGY. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA .1C8
DIELCRIN. ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. DDT. MAINE.
MONITORING. SALMON. 022
DIELDRIN. DOT. MAMMAL. SOUTH AFRICA 029
DIELDRIN. DDE. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS, PEREGRINE FALCON. . .054
DIELDRIN. BIRD. CHROMOSOMES. DUCKS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . .071
DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
TOXAPHENE. TOXICITY 090
DIELDRIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. PCBS. SEWAGE. SOLID KASTE.
DDT 099
DIELDRIN. EGGS. GALLINULES. INSECTICIDES. LOUISIANA.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 1C3
DIELDRIN. GROWTH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TROUT. ....... 104
206
-------
DIELCRIN. BIRC. MODIFYING EFFECTS. MORTALITY. STRESS.
UPTAKE .......... ..... ...... . ... .109
DIELCRIN. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. FISHEATING BIRD.
GREAT BRITAIN. ....... . . ............ 130
DIELCRIN. CRAB. INVERTEBRATE. UPTAKE ..... ..... .194
DIELCRIN. CRABS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE.
LARVAE. SUBLETHAI. EFFECT. ... ........... . .192
DIELDRIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CRABS.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. NORTH CAROLINA.
PLANKTON ........ ..... .......... . .193
DIELDRIN. DDT. DUCK. HEPATITIS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE.
VIRUS INTERACTION. SYNERGISM. .. ............ 220
DIELDRIN. FIELD STUDY. FISHES. INVERTEBRATES.
SALT MARSH. ...................... .213
DIELCRIN. BEHAVIOR. FIDDLER CRAB. GROWTH. PRECATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ....... ... ........... 357
DIELCRIN. BIRDS. DUCK. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. VISION. .... 381
DIELDRIN. BIRC. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING ........ .383
DIELDRIN. DDT. INTERACTION. METABOLISM. TROUT. UPTAKE. . 4CO
DIELDRIN. DDT. METHOXYCHLOR. ORGANOCHLOR INE PESTICIDES.
SYNERGISM. TROUT. ..... ........ . ...... 417
DIELORIN. ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. CHANGES OVER TINE. DOT.
MIREX. MORTALITY. ......... ..... ..... .420
DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PHENYLALANINE. TROUT. . ...... 422
DIELDRIN. AMINO ACIDS. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TROUT. . . ........... ... 423
DIELDRIN. BIOASSAY. DDT. FLORIDA. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. ........ ..... .......... .440
DIELDRIN. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DDT. FISH. HAWAII.
LINDANE. PHENCL ......... . .......... •
DIELCRIN. FISH. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES. ....... .481
DIELDRIN. DDT. ESTUARINE FAUNA. SAN ANTONIO BAY. TEXAS. .494
207
-------
DIELDRIN. ACCUMULATION. MCLLUSK. UPTAKE. ........ 495
DIELDRIN. ODE. EGGS. FARNE ISLANDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHAG. 503
DIELCRIN. ALGAE. FATS. METABOLISM, PLANKTON. 524
DIELCRIN. ENCRIN. LOUISIANA. MODIFYING EFFECT.
SEDIMENT. ........... ..... .542
DIELDRIN. ALGAE. OCT. METABOLISM. PLANKTON. SURC.
UPTAKE. ......... ....... .561
DIELDRIN, DDT. DEVELOPMENT, FLOUNDER. REPRODUCTION.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ................... .565
DIOXIN. AAAS STUDY. FISH. SAIGON. VIETNAM, ....... 555
DIOUAT. HERBICIDES. PARAQUAT. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY. ... .094
OIQUAT. HERBICIDES. MOLLUSKS. SEDIMENT. WATER.
HEED CONTROL. ..................... .282
DISTRIBUTION IN ESTUARY. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. ..... 079
DIURCN. HERBICIDES. OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PHYSIOLOGY.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .............. ,307
DNA. BACTERIA. 8ICACCUMULATION. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH.
PCBS ........ .341
DNP. INVERTEBRATES. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. OYSTERS.
SEA URCHINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ........ .595
DREDGING. GEORGIA. PERSISTENCE. SEDIMENTS. TOXAPHENE, . .166
DUCK. BIRDS. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . , .040
DUCK. ALDRIN. RICE FIELDS. TEXAS. WILDLIFE. . . 2C6
DUCK. DDE. PHYSIOLOGY. SALT GLAND. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 218
DUCK. DDT. DIELDRIN. HEPATITIS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE.
VIRUS INTERACTION. SYNERGISM. .,.,,.......,, .220
-\ .
DUCK. DDT. HEPATITUS. SYNERGISM. VIRUS. ........ .222
DUCK. BIRDS. GROWTH. MIREX. REPRODUCTION 289
DUCK. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. EMBRYO MORTALITY.
REPRODUCTION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ............ .291
208
-------
DUCK. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. PCBS. REPRODUCTION. . 292
DUCK. ASULAM. HERBICIDE. TOXICITY. TROUT 314
DUCK. DDT. EGGS. METABOLISM. PELICAN, . . . . .371
DUCK. BIRDS. DIELORIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. VISION. .... 381
DUCK. BIRD. CANADA. EGGS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTHEASTERN US. .387
DUCK. BIRD. OCE. EGGSHELL THINNING. INCU8ATICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT „ 388
DUCK. BIRD. CCE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .390
DUCK. ATLANTIC FLYWAY. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. . .518
DUCKS. BIRD. CHROMOSOMES. DIELDRIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . .071
DUCKS. CHANGES OVER TIME. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ...147
DUCKS. BIRDS. DDT. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. .... .151
DUCKS. DDT. METABOLISM. MONITORING.
TISSUE DISTRUBITION. 152
DUCKS. BIRDS. CESTODES. MONITORING.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE 153
DUCKS. AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. BIRD. DDT.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. ....... .221
DUCKS. BIRDS. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. PCBS. PESTICIDES. .257
DUCKS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINGS. 286
DUCKS. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MONITORING. PESTICIDES. WINGS. ... 287
DUCKS. NEW YORK. PENNSYLVANIA. PESTICIDES.
TRIAL MONITORING. WINGS. ................ 288
DUCKS. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. PESTICIDES.
SPECIES SENSITIVITY. ......... 290
DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. MIREX. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. ......... .... 313
209
-------
DUCKS. MIGRATING POPULATIONS. PESTICIDES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 330
DUCKS. BIRD. CIELDRIN. EGGSHELL THINNING. 363
DUCKS. BIRD. CHEMISTRY. DDE. EGGSHELLS.
MINERAL COMPOSITION. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ......... 389
DUCKS. ORGANOPHQSPHATES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
WILDLIFE .558
DUCKS. PESTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. HANDBOOK.
WILDLIFE. . 5S8
DUMPING. ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION, NATURAL OCCURRENCE.
PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW. . . .412
DUNGENESS CRAB. CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SEVIN. 066
DURS8AN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. FIELD STUDY. MISSISSIPPI.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES 155
DURSBAN. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
SALT MARSHES 156
DURSBAN. DIAZINON. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. FIELD STUDY.
PERSISTENCE. TOXICITY 4C5
DUST. ATMOSPHERE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS. . . OCl
EAST COAST ESTUARY. BIGMAGNIFICATION. DCT. LONG ISLAND.
NEW YORK ,. .656
EASTERN US. DCT. FIELD STUDY. INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. TIDAL MARSHES. WILDLIFE 571
ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. FAO. LIVING RESOURCES.
MARINE POLLUTION. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. . , ,041
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. RESEARCH NEEDS. TCXICITY, .175
ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. HEALTH EFFECTS. HERBICIDES. '[
OVERVIEW .224
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. DUMPING.
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION. NATURAL OCCURRENCE.
PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW .412
210
-------
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. NON TARGET SPECIES.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . .497
ECOLCGICAL EFFECTS. MANGROVE. HERBICIDE. VIETNAM 638
ECOLCGICAL CYCLES. BEHAVIOR. ODT. FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. TRANSPORT. .............. 653
ECOSYSTEM. BENTAZON. BIOMAGNIFICATION. HERBICIDE.
METABOLISM. MCDEL. TOXICITY, ......... 056
ECOSYSTEM. MALATHICN. MICROCOSM. MICROORGANISMS. .... Oil
ECOSYSTEM. FAO CONF. MARINE COMMUNITIES.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. . . .111
ECOSYSTEM. CALIFORNIA. CLEAR LAKE. MODEL.
TOXIC CHEMICALS. 139
ECOSYSTEM. CIRCULATION. DDT. DEGRADATION. MODEL.
PLANKTON. TRANSPORT 140
ECOSYSTEM. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. MODEL. PESTICIDES. . . .431
ECOSYSTEM. PESTICIDES. COMMUNITY. IMPACT. REVIEW. ... ,4S8
ECOSYSTEM. OCEAN CHEMISTRY. OVERVIEW. TEMPORAL CHANGES. .654
ECOSYSTEM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT. ....................... 658
ECOSYSTEMS. BASELINE STUDIES. FAG. MARINE POLLUTION.
MONITORING TRENDS. OFFSHORE DUMPING.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS .112
ECOSYSTEMS. COMMUNITY. ESTUARINE ANIMALS. PCBS. .... ,264
ECOSYSTEMS. COST BENEFIT. INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SYNERGISM. WORKSHOP. ......... .315
ECOSYSTEMS. PCBS. BIOACCUKULATION. BIRDS. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW. .... ... 528
EEL. OSMOREGULATION. DDT. FISH. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... ...... .318
EFFECTS IN WATER. EPA. GRGANCCHLQRINES. PESTICIDES.
REPORT TO STATES. REVIEW. .. ...... .602
EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. BHC. COMMUNITY. DDT. DELAWARE.
REVIEW. STROBANE. TIDAL MARSHES. ............ 228
211
-------
EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. FIELD STUDY, INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL 382
EGG. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE. HISTORIC CHANGES.
PEREGRINE FALCON .491
EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. COLOGICAL DATA. PELICANS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ...... . .016
EGGS. NORTH CENTRAL US. PC8S. PELICANS.
BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS. DDE.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. .... ..... 018
EGGS. LOUISIANA. ORGANCCKLORINES. PELICAN. AUSTRALIA.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SOUTH CAROLINA .048
EGGS. OIELDRIN. GALLINULES. INSECTICIDES. LOUISIANA,
MONITORING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 103
EGGS. CANADA. FOOD CHAIN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCON .189
EGGS. CANADA. COMMON TERNS. FUNGICIDES. HCB.
ORGANOCHLORINES 237
EGGS. PC8S. PELICANS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CORMCRANTS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICIDES. ...... .249
EGGS. ORGANOCHLCRINES. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. WILDLIFE. . 3C8
EGGS. BIRDS. COOTS. IOWA. PESTICIDES. TEAL 331
EGGS. DOT. DUCK. METABOLISM, PELICAN 371
EGGS. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FLORIDA.
QRGANCCHLORINES 386
EGGS. BIRD. CANADA. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTHEASTERN US .387
EGGS. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES. BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GREAT BRITAIN 438
EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. GREAT BRITAIN.
REVIEW. .......... , .439
J
EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. POST MORTEM.
PUFFINS. TT^liP niSTRTflllTinN. -------...... .485
EGGS. DDE. DIELDRIN. FARNE ISLANDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHAG. *"'. .503
212
-------
EGGS. ATLANTIC FLYWAY. DUCK. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. . .518
EGGS. AVIAN TCX1CITY. BIROS. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. .... ..... 622
EGGS. BAY OF FUNDY. BIRDS. CANADA. PCBS. PESTICIDES. . . 665
EGGS. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. GULLS. PCTS. ........ 669
EGGSHELL CHANGES. CHANGES OVER TIME. FISHEATING BIRDS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RAPTORIAL BIRDS. REVIEW . .295
EGGSHELL MEASUREMENTS. BROWN PELICAN. FLORIDA.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SOUTH CAROLINA. ..... 047
EGGSHELL QUALITY. BIRD. CANADA. COMMON TERN. DDE.
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS. . 215
EGGSHELL THINNING. DDE. FISHEATING BIRDS.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. PCB. RAPTORS. .......... .017
EGGSHELL THICKNESS. CANADA. WHOOPING CRANES. ...... 019
EGGSHELL THINNING. ANTARCTIC. BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ZEALAND. ORGANOCHLCRINES. . 042
EGGSHELL THINNING. CALIFORNIA. DDE. FISHEATING BIRD.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA, ........... ,049
EGGSHELL THINNING. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FLORIDA. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SOUTH CAROLINA. ......... .050
EGGSHELL THINNING. CALIFORNIA, DDE. FLORIDA. PC8S,
PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA 051
EGGSHELL THINNING. ALASKA. DDE. PEREGRINE FALCON.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS .091
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW. ... 116
EGGSHELL THINNING. ASHY PETREL. CALIFORNIA. DDT.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS 131
j ;
EGGSHELL THINNING. CHANGES OVER TIME. DUCKS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ....... ..... ,147
EGGSHELL THINNING. BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT LAKES.
INLAND POPULATION. ORGANOCHLORINES. ..... 199
EGGSHELL THINMNG. CALIFORNIA. FISHEATING BIROS.
MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 2CO
213
-------
EGGSHELL THINNING. DDT. FISHEATING BIRD. NEW YORK.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. .... ..... .209
EGGSHELL THINNING. CALIFORNIA. FLORIDA. PELICAN.
SOUTH CAROLINA. X RAY DIFFRACTION . 245
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. CALIFORNIA. FARALLON ISLANDS.
FISHEATING BIRD. MURRE. ORGANOCHLORINES. ........ 250
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. DDE. DUCKS. PC8S. PESTICIDES. .257
EGGSHELL THINNING. CONTROVERSY, DDE. PELICANS. 285
EGGSHELL THINNING. DDE, DUCK. EMBRYO MORTALITY.
REPRODUCTION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . 291
EGGSHELL THINNING. DUCKS. MIREX. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 313
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTICN. ... 349
EGGSHELL THINNING. BALD EAGLES. FISHEATING 8IRCS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTION. .369
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. DIELORIN. DUCKS. . . .383
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. CANADA. DUCK. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTHEASTERN US. ....... .387
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. DDE, DUCK. INCU8ATICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .388
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. DDE. DUCK.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ........ ,390
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW. ........,,,. 475
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR.
ENZYKGLOGY. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, .489
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD. BIRDS OF PREY.
CHANGES OVER TIME. GREAT BRITAIN. ........... ,511
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
HISTORIC CHANGES. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. .512
>,,
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. CONTROVERSY. CDE. STATISTICS, .527
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRD, DDE, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TERNS. 590
214
-------
EGGSHELL THINNING. CONTROVERSY. ODE, PELICANS.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. ... ..... .592
EGGSHELL THINNING. BIRDS. DDT. MODIFYING EFFECTS. ... .599
EGGSHELL THINNING. BHC. CANADA. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. ....... .613
EGGSHELL THICKNESS. BIROS. DCE. GREAT BLUE HERON 614
EGGSHELL THINNING. BALD EAGLES. ORGANCCHLORINES. .... 641
EGGSHELL. BIRDS. ODE. ENDOCRINOLOGY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. PARATHYROID HORMONE.
THINNING. ....................... .280
EGGSHELLS. BIRD. CHEMISTRY. ODE. DUCKS.
MINERAL COMPOSITION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . . 389
EMBRYO MORTALITY. DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... 291
EMBRYONIC DEATH. CHLORINATED OI8ENZOOIOXINS.
CHLORINATED 0IBENZOFURANS. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
WILDLIFE. ... .......... 063
EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. CANADA. FISHEATING BIRDS. GULLS.
HERRING GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ... 235
EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. BIRDS. GREAT LAKES. HERRING GULLS. .236
EMBRYOS. FISH. PESTICIDE. RESPIRATION. 2 4 DNP. 577
ENDOCRINOLOGY. BIRDS. CDE. EGGSHELL.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. PARATHYROID HORMONE.
THINNING .280
ENDOSULFAN. JAVA. RICE. THIODAN. ., 244
ENDOSULFAN. CHEMICAL WASTES. INSECTICIDES.
MARINE POLLUTION. NORTH SEA. OCEAN DUMPING. . 251
ENOOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SHELLFISH. UPTAKE . 534
ENDOSULFAN. BIOACCUMULATION. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
MYTILUS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ..... .. .535
ENDRIN. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. INSECTICIDE.
PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFER. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .184
215
-------
ENDRIN. HISTGPATHOLOGY. TROUT. ..... - • 18?
ENDRIN. BIOCHEMISTRY. PHYSIOLOGY. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS.
TROUT 246
ENDRIN. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH. . . .393
ENDRIN. DIELDRIN. LOUISIANA. MODIFYING EFFECT.
SEDIMENT • 542
ENDRIN. FISH KILL. MORTALITY. NA8AM. PESTICIDES.
SALMCNIDS. STREAM POLLUTION 546
ENDRIN. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ESTUARINE ORGANISES.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE 548
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FLORIDA. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
MCLLUSKS. MONITORING. SANTA ROSA SOUND 076
ENVIRONMENT. PESTICIDES. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. SYMPOSIUM. . 238
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. MODEL. PCBS.
REVIEW. TOXICITY. TRANSPORT. .... ... 260
ENVIRONMENT. EICMAGNIFICATION. PCBS. REVIEW.
TOXICOLOGY .492
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. MARINE ORGANISMS. NMFS.
NW FISHERY CENTER RESEARCH. RESERCH REPORT 576
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES.
RECOMMENDATIONS. REPORT. ..... .. 6C4
ENVIRONMENT. BOOK. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. ....... .647
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PCBS. PLANKTON. PROGRESS REPORT.
TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE 651
ENZYMCLQGY. DCT. FISH. SALMONIDS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .069
ENZYMOLQGY. DI8ROM. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA .108
ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. PESTICIDES, SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 121
ENZYMOLOGY. BIOCHEMISTRY. ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW. 122
ENZYMGLQGY. FISHES. INVERTEBRATES. ORGANOPHOSPhATE. . , .123
ENZYMCLOGY. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. FISH,
INSECTICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . .177
216
-------
ENZYMOLOGY. CCT, LINOANE. MOLLUSK. QUAHCG CLAN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS .............. . ..... 191
ENZYMCLOGY. ACTIVITY. FISH BRAIN. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. .......... ......... ... .233
ENZYHOLOGY. FIDDLER CRAB. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
PESTICIDES. TROUT. . . ................. 253
ENZYMQLOGY. FISH. ORGANOPHOSPHATE.
POLLUTION MONITORING. ....... ...... .... .305
ENZYHCLOGY. BIOCHEMISTRY. FISH. ORGANCCHLOR INES .
SALMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... ........... 317
ENZYHGLOGY. CCT. FISH. ORGANCCHLORINES. GSMORECt?LATIQN.
PC8S. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..... ..... ........ 355
ENZYMCLOGY. CARBAMATE. FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. SYNERGISM ............... 394
ENZYHCLOGY. 8 IOMAGNIFICATION . DETOXICATION.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ....... .. ....... .... .452
ENZYHCLOGY. CATIONS. DDT. INVERTEBRATE. OSMOREGLLATION.
SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........ ...... . 460
ENZYHOLOGY. BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR.
EGGSHELL THINNING. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ..... ...... ....... .489
ENZYMOLOGY. ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. BRAIN. FISH.
MCNITORING. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .644
EPA BEARS BLUFF LABORATORIES. DIBROM 14.
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. FIELD STUDIES. FIELD TESTS. ..... 038
EPA GULF BREEZE LABORATORY.
BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. . ........ ..... 161
EPA. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. ..... ...... .... 117
EPA. NATIONAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PROG. OVERVIEW. . . . 167
EPA. 8IOASSAY. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. MARINE ORGANISMS.
REVIEW .......................... 265
EPA. NAE. NAS. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. ......... 454
217
-------
EPA. ABSTRACTS. OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS.
PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES. PESTICIDES. RESEARCH CATALOG. . .516
EPA. EFFECTS IN WATER. ORGANCCHLORINES . PESTICIDES.
REPORT TO STATES. REVIEW ............... . .602
ESCAMBIA BAY. BIOTA. FLORIDA. PCBS. SEDIMENT. WATER. . . 164
ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. SHRIMP.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TCXICITY. ... .......... 461
ESCAPBIA BAY. BIOACCUMULATION. PCBS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. . . 462
ESCAC8IA BAY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........ ........... 463
ESCAMBIA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
SEDIMENT. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. .. ............ . .465
ESTUARIES. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . . 456
ESTUARIES. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDE POLLUTION ......... 470
ESTUARIES. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. REPORT. VIRGINIA. . . 617
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. DIBROM 14.
EPA BEARS BLUFF LABORATORIES. FIELD STUDIES.
FIELD TESTS. .... ......... ......... 038
ESTUARINE POLLUTION. LOUISIANA.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OVERVIEW. . . ...... , . 044
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. MIREX. MONITORING. SOUTH CAROLINA. .057
ESTUARINE POLLUTION- MARINE ANIMALS. MONITORING. DDT.
PESTICIDES. ............. ........ . .078
ESTUARINE FAUNA. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. DDT.
MONITORING. OVERVIEW. SHELLFISH. .... ........ 081
ESTUARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. ,083
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. BEHAVIOR. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MONITORING. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ...... , .084
ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. FISHERIES. HERBICIDE. MANGROVE.
MILITARY DEFOLIATION. VIETNAM. . . ....... .... 150
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. DURS8AN. FIELD STUDY. MISSISSIPPI,
MCSQLMTO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES. ............. 155
218
-------
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
EPA GULF BREEZE LABORATORY. PESTICIDES.
PROGRESS REPGRT 161
ESTUARINE FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION.
FISH. MUMMICHCG. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. .180
i
ESTUARINE FISHES. COMPARATIVE TCXICITY, FISH.
INSECTICIDES 181
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HISTOPATHOLOGY. NTA. SYNERGISM. . . 185
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. TEXAS. WATER . . 201
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEMS. PCBS 264
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. DIAZINON. DURSBAN. FIELD STUDY.
PERSISTENCE. TQXICITY 4C5
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. CALIFORNIA.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT. SYNERGISM 436
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. ESCAM8IA BAY.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 463
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. EVERGLADES. FISHEATING BIRDS.
FLORIDA. ORGANOCHLORINES 472
ESTUARINE FAUNA. DDT. DIELDRIN. SAN ANTCNIO BAY. TEXAS. .494
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. FIELD STUDY.
HERBICIDES. TCXICITY. ...... .514
ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. GEORGIA. POLLUTION ABATEMENT.
SPECIES DIVERSITY. TOXAPHENE. 522
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ENDRIN.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE .548
ESTUARINE POLLUTION. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH .611
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HERBICIDES. INSECTICIDES. PC8S-
REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ... ... 625
ETHICN. METABCLISM. ORGANOPHCSPHATE. SEDIMENTS. .... .559
EUROPE. AQUATIC LIFE. NORTH AMERICA. POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH CATALOG. TOXICITY. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . . ,6C3
219
-------
EVERGLADE KITES. ORGANGCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. !
WHOOPING CRANES. .................... 312
EVERGLADES. FLORIDA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GRGANGCHLQRINES. SEDIMENT. ............... 274
EVERGLADES. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
FLORIDA, QRGANOCHLGRINES 472
EXCRETION. FISH. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLORINES.
XENOBIOTICS. .. .............. OC2
EXCRETION. DDA. FISHES. FLOUNDER. MODIFYING EFFECTS.
RENAL SYSTEM. UPTAKE. 509
EXCRETION. DDT. FISH. FLOUNDER. METABOLISM. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, ..... . 510
FALCON. CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. '
GREAT BRITAIN, PEREGRINE. POPULATION DECLINE. ..... .513
FAO CONFERENCE. INDICATOR ORGANISMS. LIFE CYCLE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 212
FAO CONFERENCE. INDICATOR ORGANISMS. LIFE CYCLE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .......... 212
FAO CONFERENCE. PESTICIDES. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PLANKTON. REVIEW. STIMULATORY EFFECTS. UPTAKE SYSTEMS. . 468
FAO CONFERENCE. MARINE ENVIRONMENT, ORGANOCHLCRINES.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. ...... .476
FAO CONFERENCE. BENTHIC EFFECTS.
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC. PESTICIDES. POLLUTICN 4S3
FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. HERBICIDES. INDUSTRIAL TCXICANTS.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. PHENOL. . SCO
FAO CONFERENCE. ;FISH. FISHERY PRODUCTS. INVERTEBRATE.
PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. 587
FAO CONFERENCE. CANADA. GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE.
OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. ......... .. ,5S7
FAO CONF, ECOSYSTEM. MARINE COMMUNITIES.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. ...... . . .111
FAO. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. LIVING RESOURCES.
MARINE POLLUTION.' TECHNICAL CONFERENCE .041
220
-------
FAO. CHEMICAL ASPECTS. CONFERENCE. MODEL. POLLUTION.
TRANSPORT ............ 04*5
FAO. BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. MARINE POLLUTION.
MONITORING TRENDS. OFFSHORE DUMPING.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS , 112
FAO. FISHERIES. LIVING RESOURCES. NORTH SEA.
PESTICIDES. PLANNING. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. ...... .113
FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS. MARINE POLLUTION. REPRODUCTION. . 145
FAO. BOOK. MARINE POLLUTION. RESEARCH NEEDS. SEMINAR. . .243
FAO. CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. MEDITERRANEAN.
PESTICIDES. POLLUTION ,-•• 252
FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS. PESTICIDES. CONFERENCE.
POLLUTANTS. REVIEW .258
FARALLON ISLANDS. BIRD. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRD. MURRE. CRGANOCHLORINES. ........ 250
FARNE ISLANDS. DDE. DIELDRIN. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHAG. ...... . .503
FAT MOBILIZATION. BIRDS. DDT. MIGRATION. PCBS 567
FATE. DDT. METABOLISM. MICROBIOLOGY. SEDIMENT.
SEVERN ESTUARY. SEWAGE .007
FATS. ALGAE. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PLANKTON. ...... 524
FIDDLER CRAB. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
PESTICIDES. TROUT. 253
FIDDLER CRAB. BEHAVIOR. DIELDRIN. GROWTH. PREDATICN,
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .357
FIDDLER CRABS. ESCAMBIA BAY. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
SEDIMENT. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. .... ...... .445
FIDDLER CRABS. BEHAVIOR, 8IQACCUMULATIGN. DDT.
DETRITUS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. .......... .471
FIDDLER CRAB. DDT. INVERTEBRATES. LIMB REGENERATION.
MOLTING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 634
FIELD STUDIES. DIBROM 14. EPA BEARS BLUFF LABORATORIES.
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. FIELD TESTS. .038
221
-------
FIELD STUDIES. MIREX. MOVEMENT. 8IOACCUMULATION.
SOUTH CAROLINA ........... .... ..... - -058
!
FIELD STUDY. DIBROM. ENZYMQLCGY, FLORIDA ...... • • -168
FIELD STUDY. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. FISH. FLORIDA,
INVERTEBRATES. TIDAL MARSH. ........ .
FIELD STUDY. DURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. MISSISSIPPI.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES ...... ....... .155
FIELD STUDY. CURS8AN. FLORIDA. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
SALT MARSHES. .... ........... ...... .156
FIELD STUDY. CANADA. DDT. LATENT EFFECT. SALMCN.
TRANSPORT. . ........... .. ......... 188
FIELD STUDY. DIELORIN. FISHES. INVERTEBRATES.
SALT MARSH. .. ........... . ....... . .273
FIELD STUDY. EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL ....... . ........ .... .382
FIELD STUDY, CIAZINON. DURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
PERSISTENCE. TOXICITY ................. . 4C5
FIELD STUDY. CHESAPEAKE BAY. ESTUARINE ANIMALS.
HERBICIDES. TOXICITY. ........ .......... 514
FIELD STUDY. CDT. EASTERN US. INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. TIDAL MARSHES. WILDLIFE. ....... 571
FIELD STUDY. BEHAVIOR. BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. DDT.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES. .......... . . .573
FIELD STUDY. SALT MARSH. FLORIDA. MALATHION.
MOSQUITO CONTROL ....... ...... ...... , ,5S3
FIELD STUDY. AGENT ORANGE. AIR FORCE. BIRDS. FISH.
HERBICIDES. 24 D ...... . ...... . ...... 660
FIELD TESTS. CI8ROM 14. EPA BEARS BLUFF LABORATORIES.
ESTUARINE ANIMALS. FIELD STUDIES ..... ....... .038
FISH. EXCRETION. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLOR INES.
XENOBIOTICS ............ . .......... 002
FISH. BARRACUDA. DOT. ..... ............ ,025
FISH. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. SALMONIDS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .069
222
-------
FISH. HERBICIDES. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS. PLANKTON. SHRIMP. . 075
FISH. CALIFORNIA. DDT. MONITORING. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION.
WHITE CROAKERS .1C2
FISH. ENZYMOLOGY. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 121
FISH. CRUSTACEA. SYNERGISM. TOXAPHENE. TOXICITY. .... 132
FISH. CALIFORNIA. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTICN.
GULF OF CALIFORNIA. TRIPHOTURUS. ............ 133
FISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. PLANKTON. .... 134
FISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FIELD STUCY. FLORIDA.
INVERTEBRATES. TIDAL MARSH. . . . 141
FISH. ATLANTIC. CANADA. DDT. METABOLITES.
SPRUCE BUDWORM .159
FISH, BIOMAGNIFICATION. FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES 169
FISH. BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
REVIEW. .170
FISH. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES. SURF PERCH 173
FISH. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY.
INSECTICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFERS. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. . .177
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION.
ESTUARINE FISF, MUMMICHOG. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISI*. . . . .180
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ESTUARINE FISHES.
INSECTICIDES. . .181
FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES. STRESS PROFILES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. . 183
FISH. CALIFORNIA. DDT. INVERTEBRATES. LIPIDS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY ......... 196
FISH. BIOACCUMULATION, DDT. INVERTEBRATE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA. UPTAKE. .... 197
FISH. METABOLISM. DDT, SOLE. UPTAKE. 198
FISH. INVERTEBRATE. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. PCTS. RHINE. . . .217
FISH. DDT. METHOXYCHLOR, PESTICIDES, SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. TROUT .225
223
-------
FISH. ENZYMOLCGY. FIDDLER CRAB. INVERTEBRATE.
P,ESTICIOES. TROUT. 253
FISH. BEHAVIOR. CANADA. PCTS. REACTOR COOLANTS.
i TERPHENYLS. TROUT 255
FISH. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. PESTICIDES.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 262
FISH. BEHAVIOR. DDT. MALATHION. MOSQUITOFISH. SALINITY.
SELECTION, i, ..... ,..- ,!............. 263
FISH. BIOASSAY. EPA. INVERTEBRATES. MARINE ORGANISMS.
REVIEW. ........................ .265
FISH. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. MOSQUITOFISH. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ................... .266
FISH. AROCLOR 1016. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
UPTAKE .267
FISH. PCBS. REPRODUCTION. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ..... .269
FISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FLORIDA. METABOLISM.
SHELLFISH. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE 272
FISH. NATIONAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PROG.
ORGANCCHLORINES. ..................... 293
FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES. INVERTEBRATE.
MONITORING. PCBS. PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND. 301
I
FISH. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. .303
FISH. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS 304
FISH. ENZYMQLCGY. CRGANOPHOSPHATE.
POLLUTION MONITORING. ......... .. .3C5
FISH. MALATHICN. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. ..... 3C6
FISH. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. DDT. LEARNING. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 316
FISH. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY. ORGANCCMLORINES.
SALMCN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .317
FISH. DDT. EEL. OSMOREGULATION. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 318
224
-------
FISH. BALTIC. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. ... .325
FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HCB. MONITORING 329
FISH. ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC CCAST. POPULATION TRENDS.
STATISTICAL SURVEY. . .333
FISH. CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH KILL. GUATEMALA.
INVERTEBRATES. PESTICIDE LEVELS. ............ 345
!
FISH. DDT. ENZYMCLOGY. ORGANCCHLORINES. OSMOREGULATION.
PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ............ .355
i ;
FISH. CHEMORECEPTICN. ORGANOPHOSPHATE. PARATHICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 356
FISH. BIRDS. MOLLUSKS. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. RHINE RIVER. . 365
FISH. PESTICIDES. STRIPED BASS. TOXICITY. . 368
FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. MIREX. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE .377
FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. MIREX. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. ................. *378
FISH. METABOLISM. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDRCCAR8CNS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. .. ....... 379
FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. SPOT. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. '
TGXAPHENE. .......... 391
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ENORIN.'. 393
FISH. CARBAMATE. ENZYMOLOGY. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. SYNERGISM. .... 394
»
FISH. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. LATENT EFFECTS.
MIREX. PERSISTENCE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS • .396
FISH. TROUT. EICACCUMULATION. BIOMAGNIFICATICN. DCT.
FOOD CHAIN. .399
FISH. CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. ....... .402
FISH. ANCHOVY. DDT. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISM. ..... 4C4
i
FISH. INSECTICIDES. PYRETHRIK. SALMONIDS. TOXICITY, . . .408
FISH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TROUT. . . . .416
225
-------
FISH. PESTICIDES. PHENOLS. PCPULATION CHANGES. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS •• 435
FISH. MARYLAND. MCLLUSKS. PESTICIDES.
BIOLCGICAL EFFECTS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. VIRGINIA .448
FISH. DOT. SALINITY. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE 449
FISH. DOT. MODIFYING EFFECT. SIZE. UPTAKE. ....... 450
FISH. DOT. MODIFYING EFFECT. MONITORING. RESPIRATION.
UPTAKE .451
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DOT. DIELCRIN. HAWAII.
LINDANE. PHENOL , . 469
FISH. DIELDRIN. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES 481
FISH. FAO CONFERENCE. HERBICIDES. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. PHENOL. ..... SCO
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. INSECTICIDES. SALMCNICS. . . 5C2
FISH. DDT. DETOXIFICATION. METABOLISM. SALMON. UPTAKE. . 505
FISH. MODIFYING EFFECTS. DDT. ROTENONE. TOXICITY.
TROUT. VOLUME. 5C8
FISH. DDT, EXCRETION. FLOUNDER. METABOLISM. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 510
FISH. BIRDS. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PACIFIC. REVIEW. TRANSPORT. 526
FISH. PC8S. 8IOACCUMULATION. BIRDS. ECOSYSTEMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW. . . .... 528
t
FISH. PCBS. SENSITIVE STAGE. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW. .... .547
FISH. AAAS STUDY. DIOXIN. SAIGON. VIETNAM 555
FISH. CALIFORNIA. DDT. ....... ..... 557
FISH. MASSACHUSETTS. MIGRATION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINTER FLOUNDER. . . 564
FISH. CYANIDES. FISH KILL. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PHENOLS. SALMONIDS. TOXIC ZONES. ............ 568
FISH. CANADA. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HUMAN FOOD,
SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . ... ,510
226
-------
FISH. FRESHWATER. METABOLISM. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. . . .574
FISH. BIOACCUPULATION. INVERTEBRATES. PC8S. REVIEW.
TDXICITY. , .575
FISH. EMBRYOS. PESTICICE. RESPIRATION. 2 4 DNP. .... .577
i
FISH. BEHAVIOR. BREEDING SUCCESS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. ........ .... .583
FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. ........ 586
FISH. FAQ CONFERENCE. FISHERY PRODUCTS. INVERTEBRATE,
PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH , . .587
FISH. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. MAMMAL.
QRGANGCHLQRINE PESTICICES 5S4
FISH. FISH ANC WILDLIFE SERVICE. PESTICIDES.
PROGRESS REPORT, WILDLIFE. .. ....... 605
FISH, BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. OCT. DEVELOPMENT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GRUMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .612
FISH. BEHAVIOR. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... .629
FISH. BEHAVIOR. MENIDIA. SEVIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . . .635
FISH. ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. BRAIN. ENZYMOLOGY.
MONITORING. ORGANCPHOSPHATES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .644
FISH. CANADA. HUMAN FOOD. METABOLISM. PHTHALATE ESTERS. .645
FISH. AGENT GRANGE. AIR FORCE. BIROS. FIELD STUDY.
HERBICIDES. 2 4 D. ........ ...... 660
FISH. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCI-LORINES. .662
FISH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DIBENZOFURANS. PCBS.
SALMCN. ,.666
FISH. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CRGANCCHLCRIISES. .667
FISH AND WILDLIFE. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. DDT.
HABITAT MODIFICATION. HERBICIDES. MONITORING. TCXICITY. .089
FISH AND WILDLIFE. DDT. MONITORING. MORTALITY.
OVERVIEW. TOXICITY .126
FISH AND WILDLIFE. INSECTICIDES. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
REVIEW. 572
227
-------
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT. BEHAVIOR. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . - - 581
FISH AND WILCLIFE SERVICE. FISH. PESTICIDES.
PROGRESS REPORT. WILDLIFE. ... 605
FISH BRAIN. ACTIVITY. ENZYMOLOGY. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES 233
FISH CONTROL. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. LAMPREY.
NITROSALICYLANILIDE. TROUT. . .4C9
FISH CONTROL. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
NITRCSALICYLANILIDES. TROUT. ... ... 410
FISHEATING BIRO. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINKING.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA .049
FISHEATING BIRD. CHANGES OVER TIME. OCT. DIELCRIN.
GREAT BRITAIN 130
FISHEATING BIRD. BIRD. IBIS. MORTALITY. PESTICICES.
TEXAS. 20?
FISHEATING BIRO. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. NEW YCRK.
ORGANGCHLQRINE PESTICIDE. ... ,2C9
FISHEATING BIRD. BIRD. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FARALLCN ISLANDS. MURRE. ORGANOCHLORINES .250
FISHEATING BIRD. GERMANY. ORGANOCHLORINES.
WHITE TAILED EAGLE. .363
FISHEATING BIROS. LOUISIANA. ORGANOCHLORINES. PELICAN,
AUSTRALIA. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SOUTH CAROLINA .048
FISHEATING BIRDS. DDE. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANGCHLCRINES.
PCBS 053
FISHEATING BIROS. BIRDS. BACTERIA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. NORTH ATLANTIC.
PCBS. .059
FISHEATING BIRDS. ASHY PETREL. CALIFORNIA. DDT.
EGGSHELL THINNING. PCBS. ..... ...... 131
FISHEATING BIRDS. BHC. EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT LAKES.
INLAND POPULATION. ORGANOCHLCRINES. .......... ,199
FISHEATING BIRDS. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ... .200
228
-------
FISHEATING BIROS. CANADA. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. CULLS,
HERRING GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ... 235
FISHEATING BIROS. QRGANOCHLORINES. PARASITES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. ....... ..... 248
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS. PELICANS, BIOMAGNIFICATION.
CORMORANTS. EGGS. FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICIDES , .249
FISHEATING BIRDS. CHANGES OVER TIME. EGGSHELL CHANGES.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RAPTORIAL BIRDS. REVIEW. ....... .255
FISHEATING BIRDS. ASCENSION ISLAND. BIRDS. PCBS.
SOUTH ATLANTIC ,. .332
FISHEATING BIRDS. BIRDS. DDE. OVERVIEW, PCBS. RAPTORS. . 347
FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES. BIRD KILLS.
CALIFORNIA. INSECTICIDES. OREGON. ........... .348
FISHEATING BIRDS. BIRDS. FUNGICIDES. HCB. NETHERLANDS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION DECLINE 366
FISHEATING BIROS. BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING,
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. REPRODUCTION. .369
FISHEATING BIRDS. BIRDS. EGGS. FLORIDA.
ORGANCCHLORINES 386
FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . . 437
FISHEATING BIRDS, QRGAKOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BfcC. EGGS.
GREAT BRITAIN 438
FISHEATING BIRDS. EGGS. FOOD CHAIN. GREAT BRITAIN.
REVIEW *........ .439
FISHEATING BIRDS. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MORTALITY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ... . 446
FISHEATING BIRDS. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. EVERGLACES.
FLORIDA. ORGANOCHLORINES, . . -472
FISHEATING BIRDS. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW 475
FISHEATING BIRDS. BIRDS. DDT. INVERTEBRATES.
MARINE FOOD CHAINS. PACIFIC. ...... . 531
FISHEATING BIRDS. GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM. PCBS.
PEREGRINE FALCON. POPULATION DECLINE 532
229
-------
FISHEATING BIRDS. BEHAVIOR. BREEDING SUCCESS. FISH,
PESTICIDES. REVIEW 583
FISHEATING BIRDS. BHC. CANADA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. QRGANQCHLQRINES. ....... .613
FISHEATING BIRDS. BHC. GOOSANDERS. MERGANSERS.
ORGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND 623
FISHEATING BIRDS. ODE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
NORTH AMERICAN BIROS. PCB. RAPTORS. . -017
FISH KILL. PHENCL. POST MORTEM IDENTIFICATION. SEWAGE. . 336
FISH KILL. CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH. GUATEMALA.
INVERTEBRATES. PESTICIDE LEVELS, .. ... 345
FISH KILL. ENDRIN. MORTALITY. NABAM. PESTICICES.
SALMCNIDS. STREAM POLLUTION. .... , . 546
FISH KILL. CYANIDES. FISH. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PHENCLS. SALMONIDS. TOXIC ZONES . 568
FISH KILLS. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES .178
FISH KILLS. CALIFORNIA. PESTICIDES 311
FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REPORT. REVIEW 6C6
FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REPORT. REVIEW, ......... 610
FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA. METABOLISM. MCOEL.
PCBS. PCP. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TRANSPORT 205
FISHERIES. FAC. LIVING RESOURCES. NORTH SEA.
PESTICIDES. PLANNING. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 113
FISHERIES. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. HERBICIDE. MANGROVE.
MILITARY DEFOLIATION. VIETNAM. . ..... 150
FISHERY PRODUCTS. FAD CONFERENCE. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH 587
FISHES. BIOASSAY. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.
COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. GREAT LAKES. LAMPREYS. TCXICITY. . 026
FISHES. MUSSELS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS.
SPAIN 035
FISHES. ENZYMOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES. ORGANOPHOSPhATE. . . .123
230
-------
FISHES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, LIVERS.
ORGANCCHLGRINES. PACIFIC OCEAN. SEAFOOD U5
FISHES. PCBS. PERSISTENCE. BIOACCUMULATION. SYNERGISM.
UPTAKE. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. ....... 268
FISHES. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. PCBS. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... , . .271
FISHES. DIELDRIN. FIELD STUDY. INVERTEBRATES.
SALT HARSH. . .273
FISHES. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. ...... ... .327
FISHES. OYSTERS. PCBS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE 482
FISHES. DDA. EXCRETION. FLOUNDER. MODIFYING EFFECTS.
RENAL SYSTEM. UPTAKE. .5C9
FISHING. LIVING RESOURCES. MARINE POLLUTION. REVIEWS. . .213
FIXATION IN ESTUARIES. DDT. FLORIDA. MONITORING.
OVERVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 077
FJORDS. CHANGES OVER TIME. COD. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORWAY. . 046
FLORIDA. BROWN PELICAN. EGGSHELL MEASUREMENTS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SOUTH CAROLINA. ............ 047
FLORIDA. CALIFORNIA. DCE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRD. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. 049
FLORIDA. CALIFORNIA. DDT, EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SOUTH CAROLINA. .... .050
FLORIDA. CALIFORNIA. DCE. EGGSHELL THINNING. PC8S.
PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. ...... .051
FLORIDA. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
MOLLUSKS. MONITORING. SANTA ROSA SOUND 076
FLORIDA. DDT. FIXATION IN ESTUARIES. MONITORING.
OVERVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. 077
FLORIDA. OIBRCM. ENZYMOLOGY. FIELD STUDY 1C8
FLORIDA. ALDEHYDES. KETONES. MONITORING. SEA WATER.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS • 125
*
FLORIDA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FIELD STUDY. FISH.
INVERTEBRATES. TIDAL MARSH .141
231
-------
FLORIDA. DURSEAN. FIELD STUDY. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
SALT MARSHES. .156
FLORIDA. BIOTA. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SEDIMENT. fcATER. . . 164
FLORIDA. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICAN.
SOUTH CAROLINA. X RAY DIFFRACTION 245
FLORIDA. OCT. COT.
FISH. SHANGES OVER TIME. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE.
SHELLFISH. 272
FLORIDA. EVERGLADES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GRGANCCHLORINES. SEDIMENT 274
FLORIDA. BIRDS. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. .. ............ 386
FLORIDA. BIOASSAY. DDT. OIELCRIN. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. .440
FLORIDA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. EVERGLADES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES 472
FLORIDA. SALT MARSH. FIELD STUDY. MALATKION.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. .... .593
FLOUNDER. DDA. EXCRETION. FISHES. MODIFYING EFFECTS.
RENAL SYSTEM. UPTAKE 509
FLOUNDER. DDT. EXCRETION. FISH. METABOLISM. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION .510
FLOUNDER. DDT. DEVELOPMENT. DIELDRIN. REPRODUCTION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .565
FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. ......... .034
FOOD CHAIN. COASTAL MARSHES. DOT. MOLLUSKS. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. SYMPOSIUM. ., , ,0«0
FOOD CHAINS. DDT. PLANKTON. UPTAKE. .......... .135
FOOD CHAINS. CALIFORNIA. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PARTICULATE MATTER. .......... ... .136
FOOD CHAIN. PERSISTENCE. CHANGES OVER TIME. COT. .... 138
FOOD CHAIN. BIOKAGNIFICATIGN, FISH. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES. . . .169
232
-------
FOOD CHAIN. CANADA. EGGS. ORGANOCHLORiNE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCON. ... ................. 189
FOOD CHAIN. PCBS. PELICANS. BIOflAGNIFlCATION.
CORMORANTS. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS. INSECTICIDES. ... .249
FOOD CHAIN. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
FOREST SPRAYING. PESTICIDES. SALMON ........... 340
FOOD CHAIN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
BIOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME. HUDSON RIVER.
SEDIMENT. . . ..... ..... ....... .... .358
FOOD CHAIN. CCRHORANTS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. KAINE.
MIGRATION. PESTICIDES. ......... ..... ... 370
FOOD CHAIN. ALASKA. BIRDS. MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLOR INES.
PEREGRINE FALCONS ............. ....... 384
FOOD CHAIN. TROUT. BIOACCUMULAT ION. 8IOMAGNIFICATICN.
DDT. FISH ........ . . .............. 399
FOOD CHAIN. EGGS. FISHEATING BIROS. GREAT BRITAIN.
REVIEW ......... . ................ 439
FOOD CHAIN. BIOACCUMULAT ION. BIOMAGNIF ICAT ION.
CONTROVERSY. CRGANOCHLOR INES. . ......... ... .443
FOOD CHAIN. ESTUARIES. PESTICIDES. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . . 456
FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR. ORGANOCHLOR INES. PCBS.
TROPHIC LEVEL. TROUT. UPTAKE. ...... . ....... 480
FOOD CHAIN. BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIROS. BREEDING SUCCESS.
GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ................... 5C7
FOOD CHAINS. BICMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER
GREAT BRITAIN. INSECTICIDES. MARINE ORGANISMS ...... 537
FOOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE. PERSISTENCE.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISJ*. TRANSPORT ......... 544
FOOD CHAIN. ALASKA. HERBICIDE. TROUT. 2 4 D ..... , . 551
FOOD CHAINS. ATLANTIC. ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE. ........ .650
FOOD CHAIN. BEHAVIOR. DOT. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES. OVERVIEW.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. TRANSPORT .......... ..... 653
233
-------
FOOD SUPPLY. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. MARINE POLLUTION.
OVERVIEW. 351
FOREST PEST CONTROL. NEWFOUNDLAND. ORGANQPHQSPHATE.
SALMCN. SUMITHION. TROUT 281
!
FOREST SPRAYING. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. COT.
FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. SALMON. . . ...... .340
FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
MONITORING. PCBS. PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND. ... 3GI
FOULING. BARNACLE CONTROL. OCT. OYSTERS. ... 632
; X.;- r '?
FOULING. BARNACLE CONTROL. BHC.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ..... .... 633
FRESHWATER ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. PHTHALIC ACIC ESTERS. .328
FRESHWATER. ACUATIC ORGANISMS. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS.
TOXICOLOGY. TROUT. .......... .... 415
FRESHWATER. INVERTEBRATES. PHTHALATE ESTERS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. UPTAKE .545
FRESHWATER. FISH. METABOLISM. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. . . .514
FULVIC ACID. PHTHALATES. TRANSPORT . .474
FUNGICIDES. CANADA. COMMON TERNS. EGGS. HCB.
ORGANGCHLORINES 237
FUNGICIDES. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIROS. HCB. NETHERLANDS.
GRGANGCHLORINES. POPULATION DECLINE 3€6
FUTURE OUTLOOK. PESTICIDES. IMPACT. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . .458
GALLINULES. DIELDRIN. EGGS. INSECTICIDES. LOUISIANA.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ..... . .103
GALVESTON BAY. MOSQUITO CONTROL,
QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. OYSTERS.
TEXAS. WATER. ICO
GANNETS. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. MORTALITY. PCBS.
POST MORTEM. ........... 486
GC/MASS SPEC. BALD EAGLES. PCBS. .031
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATMOSPHERE. DUST.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS, . . OCi
234
-------
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. EGGS. OOLOGICAL DATA. PELICANS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS , . . . 016
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PCBS.
PELICANS. BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORFQRAN1S. DDE.
EGGS. .018
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OCBP. DDT. AUTOPSY DATA.
BALD EAGLES. CRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS 039
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ANTARCTIC. BIRDS.
EGGSHELL THINNING. NEW ZEALAND. ORGANOCHLORINES. .... 042
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HCB. MONITORING STUDIES.
MONITORING. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE. .... 043
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CHANGES OVER TIME. COD. DDT.
FJORDS. NORWAY .046
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LOUISIANA. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
PELICAN. AUSTRALIA. EGGS. FISHEATING BIROS.
SOUTH CAROLINA 048
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. BACTERIA.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. NORTH ATLANTIC. PCBS. . 059
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. CRGANOCHLCRINES.
OYSTER. GULF OF MEXICO. SOUTH ATLANTIC. ........ .068
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA. CRABS. DDT.
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. MONITORING , .072
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MERCENARIA.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. RHODE ISLAND. ........ IC5
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. AUSTRALIA.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OYSTERS ...... .110
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BALD EAGLES. DOT.
MORTALITY CAUSES. POST MORTEM EXAMS. .......... 120
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH.
GULF OF CALIFORNIA. TRIPHOTURUS. ............ 133
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA. DOT. FOOD CHAINS.
PARTICULATE MATTER. ...... ....... .136
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS, PCNS. SEDIMENT. WATER. , .143
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CONFERENCE. IDOE.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT. ............. ..... 157
235
-------
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANQCHLORINES.
8IOACCUMULATICN. RHODE ISLAND. SURFACE SLICK
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. FISHES. LIVERS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PACIFIC OCEAN. SEAFOOD.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDE USE.
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS. TRANSPORT ...... ..... .176
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. PC8S. PLANKTON. SENSITIVITY. ... 2C3
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW YORK.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. 8 IGMAGNIFICAT ION.
CHANGES OVER TIKE. SHELLFISH. .... ..... .... ,2C8
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. CHANGES OVER TIME. NEW YORK,
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. ......... .210
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BALTIC SEA.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. . . ..... ..... 211
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CARIBBEAN. GULF OF MEXICO.
IDOE. ORGANOCHLCRINES .......... . ...... . 230
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MODEL. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. . 239
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. DDT. OVERVIEW. PCBS. ..... .240
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. EVERGLADES. FLORIDA.
QRGANCCHLORINES. SEDIMENT. ............... 274
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ADSORPTION. CRGANCCHLCR INES.
POLYMER CROSS LINKED. SEAWATER ........... .. .275
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATLANTIC OCEAN.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. PLANKTON. . ...... 276
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH ATLANTIC. OCEAN WATER.
PCBS. PCBS ................. , ....... 278
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CONTAMINATION FROM NETS.
HYDROCARBONS. MONITORING. PCBS, PLANKTON. ....... .279
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. DUCKS. MONITORING.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINGS. . . ........ . ,286
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CHANGES OVER TIME. CDT. DUCKS.
MCNITORING. PESTICIDES. WINGS ...... . ..... . . 287
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ENGLAND. PHTHALATES ..... 296
236
-------
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEALS. ARCTIC. GREAT BRITAIN.
MAMMAL. ORGANCCFLCRINES. .... ..... 299
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. MAMMALS.
ORGANOCHLORIN6S. SCOTLAND. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 3CO
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CHLORINATED 8Y PRODUCTS.
DEGRADATION; MARINE POLLUTION. TOXICITY.
VINYL CHLORIDE. .323
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. DDT. MARINE ANIMALS. PC8S. . . .324
?
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BALTIC. DDT. FISH. PCBS 325
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. FISH. HCB. MONITORING. . . . , .329
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. ANTARCTIC, ARCTIC.
REVIEW. TOXIC WASTES. ......... ,338
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION, DDT. GULLS. POPULATION STL-DIES.
REPRODUCTION. WISCONSIN. ....... 346
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BIRCS. EGGSHELL THINNING. , , . 349
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. DDE. INSECTICIDES.
NETHERLANDS. NORTH SEA. SANDWICH TERNS . , . . .367
•">
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, BALC EAGLES.
EGGSHELL THINNING, FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANCCHLCRINES,
REPRODUCTION .369
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CORMORANTS. FOOD CHAIN. MAINE,
MIGRATION. PESTICIDES. . . . , 310
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDE MANUFACTURE.
POLLUTION POTENTIAL. PRODUCTION. TRANSPORT. . 373
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BIRD. CANADA. BUCK. EGGS.
EGGSHELL THINNING. NORTHEASTERN US 387
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. MORTALITY. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ,446
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. REVIEW. SCEP,
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT. ............. ,453
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ESCAMBIA BAY.
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HISTOLOGY, PCBS, PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. 463
237
-------
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIROS. REVIEW. ......
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CHANGES OVER TIME, FALCON.
GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE. POPULATION DECLINE. ..... .513
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATLANTIC FLYWAY. DUCK. EGGS. . .518
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BIRD. BALD EAGLE.
ORGANGCHLORINES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ......... . .519
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. BIOACCUMULAT ION. BIRDS.
ECOSYSTEMS. FISH. REVIEW ..... . ......... . .528
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. DDT. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. . . 529
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATLANTIC. PCBS. PLANKTCN.
2COPLANKTCN ....................... 533
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF.
CALIFORNIA. CCT. SEDIMENTS. TRANSPORT. . . ....... 540
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA. MONITORING. PCBS.
SEWAGE ............. . ............ 549
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATLANTIC. LOWER ATMOSPHERE.
PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. ...... ......... . . 554
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. DDT. FISH. HUMAN FOOD.
SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ..... ........ 570
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATICN. DDT.
TRANSPORT .............. . ....... . . 579
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. 8HC. JAPAN.
SEASONAL VARIATION .................... 589
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. CCT.
DEVELOPMENT. FISH. GRUMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... .612
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. 8HC. CANADA.
EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANCCM.CR INES. . .613
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON ................ 646
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMAL. PESTICIDES.
CALIFORNIA. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, WHALES ...... ... 648
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, DDT. MODEL. CVERVIEh. ..... 655
238
-------
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. FISH. GRGANCCHLOR INES. .662
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PCfiS.
PHYSIOLOGY. REVIEW. ............. ...... 664
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. FISH. ORGANOCHLGRINES . .667
GEORGIA. DREDGING. PERSISTENCE. SEDIMENTS. TCXAPHENE. . .166
GEORGIA. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. POLLUTION ABATEMENT.
SPECIES DIVERSITY. TOXAPHENE ............... 522
GEORGIA. MONITORING. TCXAPHENE ..... ........ .523
GERMANY. FISHEATING BIRD. ORGANOCHLORINES.
WHITE TAILED EAGLE ..... ..... ......... .363
GERMICIDE. HCP. MONITORING. PCP. SEWAGE ......... 070
GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM, FISHEATING BIRDS. PC8S.
PEREGRINE FALCON. POPULATION DECLINE. ......... .532
GOOSANDERS. BHC. FISHEATING BIROS. MERGANSERS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND. .......... 623
GREAT BLUE HERON. BIRDS. DDE. EGGSHELL THICKNESS
GREAT BRITAIN. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. SEVERN ESTUARY. * ..... ......... .OC8
GREAT BRITAIN. DDE. FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLCR INES.
PCBS. ............. ...... . ...... 053
GREAT BRITAIN. DDE. DIELDRIN. PCBS. PEREGRINE FALCON. . .054
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRDS. BACTERIA. FISHEATING BIRCS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH ATLANTIC. PCBS. ..... 059
GREAT BRITAIN. CHANGES OVER TIME, DDT. DIELDRIN.
FISHEATING BIRO. ......... ...... ..... 130
GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. SEALS. .... ..... 294
GREAT BRITAIN. SEALS. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MAMMAL. ORGANCCHLORINES. ........... ..... 299
GREAT BRITAIN. CRGANOCfcLORINES. BIRDS. EGGS. WILDLIFE. . 308
GREAT BRITAIN. DDT. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES.
POST MORTEMS. RAPTORS ......... ......... 321
239
-------
GREAT BRITAIN. FISHEATING BIROS. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . . 437
GREAT BRITAIN. CRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BBC. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIRDS 438
GREAT BRITAIN. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN.
REVIEW .439
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRDS. GUILLEMOTS. ORGANGCHLGRINES.
SIGNIFICANCE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, UPTAKE. ....... 484
GREAT BRITAIN. EGGS. ORGANOCHLORINES. POST MORTEM.
PUFFINS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... .... .485
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRDS. GANNETS. MORTALITY. PCBS.
POST MORTEM 486
GREAT BRITAIN. DDE. DIELDRIN. EGGS. FARNE ISLANDS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHAG. ..... «. .503
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS.
CHANGES OVER TIME. GREBE. ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION. . 5C6
GREAT BRITAIN. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS.
BREEDING SUCCESS. FOOD CHAIN. PCBS.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 5C7
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRD. BIRDS OF PREY. CHANGES OVER TIME.
EGGSHELL THINNING. , 511
GREAT BRITAIN. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
HISTORIC CHANGES. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. .512
GREAT BRITAIN. CHANGES OVER TIME. FALCON.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PEREGRINE. PCPULATICN DECLINE. .513
GREAT BRITAIN. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME.
FOOD CHAINS. INSECTICIDES. MARINE ORGANISMS. ...... 537
GREAT BRITAIN. AVIAN TOXICITY. BIRDS. EGGS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES 622
GREAT BRITAIN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON. ......... 646
GREAT LAKES. BICASSAY. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.
COMPARATIVE TGXICITY. FISHES. LAMPREYS. TOXICITY 026
GREAT LAKES. BHC. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
INLAND POPULATION. ORGANOCHLORINES. 199
240
-------
GREAT LAKES. BIRDS. HERRING GULLS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS » .234
GREAT LAKES. BIRDS. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. HERRING GULLS. .236
GREBE. BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS. CHANGES OVER TIKE.
GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION. . . 506
GROUPERS. BAHAMAS. CORAL REEFS. DDT. GULF OF MEXICO.
PC8S 231
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FLORIDA.
MCLLUSKS. MONITORING. SANTA ROSA SOUND. ........ .076
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MONITORING. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ....... .084
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. DIELCRIN. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
TCXAPHENE. TOXIC ITY. 0*30
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES.
SHELLFISH. PESTICIDES. PH STUDIES. POLLUTANTS. ..... 093
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATES. MOLLUSKS.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM 146
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. CRABS. DIELDRIN. INVERTEBRATE.
LARVAE. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .192
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CRABS.
DIELDRIN. INVERTEBRATE. NORTH CAROLINA. PLANKTON. . . . .193
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. DDT. LONGISLAND SOUND.
NEW YORK. PCBS. TERNS 284
GROWTH. CARBAMATE. CLAM. SEVIN. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. . .073
GROWTH. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . . . .082
GROWTH. DIELDRIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TROUT 1C4
GROWTH. METABOLISM. NTA. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 195
GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE. .... .204
GROWTH. BIRDS. DUCK. MIREX. REPRODUCTION. . . .289
GROWTH." BACTERIA. BIOACCUMULATION. BIOCHEMISTRY. DNA.
PCBS 341
241
-------
GROWTH. BIOCHEMISTRY. MARINE DIATOM. PCBS. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE 343
GROWTH. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DOT. METABOLISM. PCB.
UPTAKE .344
GROWTH. BEHAVIOR. DIELCRIN. FIDDLER CRAB. PR6DATICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .357
GROWTH. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CRAB. DDT. INVERTEBRATE.
MIREX, OSMOREGULATION 380
GROWTH. FISH. HISTOLOGY. SPOT. SU8LETHAL EFFECT.
TOXAPHENE. 391
GROWTH. BEHAVIOR. BLUE CRABS. DDT. INVERTEBRATE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 392
GROWTH. CARBAMATE. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. HISTOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. SYNERGISM 394
GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTER. PCBS. SHELLFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ... ... 395
GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. 397
GROWTH. ORGANCCHLCRINE PESTICIDES. PHGTCSYNTHESIS.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 424
GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON .444
GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT,
UPTAKE 483
GROWTH. AZIRICINE. CHEMQSTERILANTS. INSECTICIDES.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 5C4
GROWTH. 8YSSUS FORMATION. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
MYTILUS. ORGANOCHLORINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... .536
GROWTH. ALGAE. HERBICIDES. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
PRODUCTIVITY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .... .624
GROWTH. BACTERIA. PCBS. PLANKTON. RESISTANT STRAINS.
UPTAKE. WOODS HOLE REPORT 652
GRUNION. BILATERAL ASYMMETRY. DDT. DEVELOPMENT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 612
GUATEMALA. CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH. FISH KILL.
INVERTEBRATES. PESTICIDE LEVELS. .... 345
242
-------
GUILLEMOTS. EIRC. IRISH SEA. PC8S 023
GUILLEMOTS. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANCCHLORINES.
SIGNIFICANCE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE 484
GULF OF CALIFORNIA. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TRIPHOTURUS. . . .133
GULF OF MEXICC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING.
GRGANCCHLORINES. OYSTER. SOUTH ATLANTIC. ... 068
GULF OF MEXICC. PHTHALIC ACIC ESTERS. . .124
GULF OF MEXICC. CARIBBEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
IDOE. ORGANOCHLORINES 230
GULF OF MEXICC. BAHAMAS. CORAL REEFS. CCT, GROUPERS,
PC8S .231
GULF CF MEXICC. CARIBBEAN. ORGANOCHLORINES. PLAKKTGN. . .232
GULF CF MEXICC. ATLANTIC. HUMAN DIET. MIREX.
MONITORING. GRGANGCHLQRINES. SEAFOOD .4C6
GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. CANADA. FAO CONFERENCE.
OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES .597
GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. CANADA. PC8S. PLANKTCN.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION. ... ...... 628
GULL. BIRD. PC8S. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 320
GULLS. CANADA. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. FISHEATING BIRDS.
HERRING GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . . . 235
GULLS. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. POPULATION STUDIES,
REPRODUCTION. WISCONSIN. ... 346
GULLS. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. EGGS. PCTS. . 6€9
HABITAT MODIFICATION. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. CDT.
FISH AND WILDLIFE. HERBICIDES. MONITORING. TCXICITY. . . 089
HALFLIFE ESTIMATION. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. PERSISTENCE.
TROUT. . .- . 4C7
HANDBOOK. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS. PESTICIDES.
WILDLIFE • ........ .558
HAR8CR SEALS. BAY OF FUNDY. COT. MAINE. MAMMAL.
MONITORING. PC8S. 227
243
-------
HAWAII. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FISH.
LINDANE. PHENOL ...... 469
HAZARD. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. WILDLIFE. 543
HC8. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING STUDIES.
MONITORING. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. KILDLIFE. .... 043
HC8. CANADA. COMMON TERNS. EGGS. FUNGICIDES.
ORGANCCHLORINES. ,.. 237
HC8. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. .... .329
f
HCB. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FUNGICIDES. NETHERLANDS.
GRGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION DECLINE 366
HCH. BHC. METABOLISM. PERSISTENCE. SEA WATER .637
HCP. GERMICIDE. MCNITORING. PCP. SEWAGE 070
HEALTH EFFECTS. ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. HERBICIDES.
OVERVIEW. ..... .... .224
HEALTH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW, TOXICITY 030
HEPATITIS. PC6S. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM.
VIRUS INTERACTION 219
HEPATITIS. DDT. DIELDRIN. DUCK. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE.
SYNERGISM. VIRUS INTERACTION. . ... .220
HEPATITUS. DCT. DUCK. SYNERGISM. VIRUS 222
HERBICIDE. BENTAZON. BIOMAGNIFICAT ION. ECOSYSTEM.
METABOLISM. MCDEL, TOXICITY 056
HERBICIDE. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. FISHERIES. MANGROVE.
MILITARY DEFOLIATION. VIETNAM. ... 150
HERBICIDE. ASULAM. DUCK. TOXICITY, TROUT. ....... .314
HERBICIDE. DETOXICATION. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH.
UPTAKE. 360
HERBICIDE. CONJUGATION. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH. . . .361
HERBICIDE. PCP. SALINITY. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. .... .362
I
HERBICIDE. ALASKA. FOOD CHAIN. TROUT. 2 4 D. ...... 551
HERBICIDE. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. MANGROVE. VIETNAM 638
244
-------
HERBICIDES. FISH. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS. PLANKTON. SHRIMP. . 075
HERBICIDES.'CCASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. DDT.
FISH AND WILDLIFE. HABITAT MODIFICATION. MONITORING.
TOXICITY. , . .089
HERBICIDES. DIQUAT. PARAQUAT. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY. . . . .094
HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. OVERVIEW. VIETNAM , . .114
HERBICIDES. ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. HEALTH EFFECTS.
OVERVIEW .224
HERBICIDES. CIGUAT. MOLLUSKS. SEDIMENT. WATER.
WEED CONTROL ,282
HERBICIDES. CIURON. OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PHYSIOLOGY.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .307
HERBICIDES. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. .... .359
HERBICIDES. FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES, PHENOL, .......... SCO
HERBICIDES. CHESAPEAKE BAY. ESTUARINE ANIMALS.
FIELD STUDY. TOXICITY. ........ 514
HERBICIDES. AGENT ORANGE. MANGROVES. SOUTH VIETNAM. . . .539
HERBICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON.
TEST CULTURES . . 6C1
HERBICIDES. ALGAE. GROWTH. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
PRODUCTIVITY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .624
HERBICIDES. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. INSECTICIDES. PC8S.
REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ..... ... 625
HERBICIDES. BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE. MARINE ALGAE,
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT, WEED CONTROL , , .626
HERBICIDES. COMMUNITY. MANGROVES. MILITARY USE.
VIETNAM 639
HERBICIDES. AGENT ORANGE. AIR FORCE. BIRDS.
FIELD STUDY. FISH. 240 -660
HERBICIDES. DIBENZODIOXINS. CI8ENZOFURANS. PC8S.
PHENOLS * 663
HERRING GULLS. BIRDS. GREAT LAKES.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. - 234
245
-------
HERRING GULLS. CANADA. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ........ • • -235
HERRING GULLS. BIRDS. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY. GREAT LAKES. .236
HERRING OILS. CANADA. MAMMALS. MARINE OILS.
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEAL OILS. WHALE OILS. ... -OC5
HISTOLOGY. MIREX. PC8S. SHRIMP. SU8LETHAL EFFECT.
VIRUS. . ...... ...... 128
HISTOLOGY. PCES. SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... 129
HISTOLOGY. AROCLOR 1016. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PC8S.
UPTAKE 267
HISTOLOGY. FISH. GROWTH. SPOT. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TOXAPHENE 391
HISTOLOGY. CARBAM.ATE. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH, GROWTH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. SYNERGISM. . 394
HISTOLOGY. GROWTH. OYSTER. PCBS. SHELLFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE 395
HISTOLOGY. GROWTH. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. .... .397
HISTOLOGY. ESCAMBIA BAY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........ . 463
HISTOLOGY. DIELCRIN. FISH. INVERTEBRATES .481
HISTOLOGY. GROWTH. OYSTERS. PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
UPTAKE. 483
HISTOLOGY. BIROS. PCBS. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY . .618
HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE.
UPTAKE 642
HISTOPATHOLOGY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. NTA. SYNERGISM. . . 185
HISTCPATHOLOGY. ENORIN. TROUT 187
HISTORIC CHANGES. CHANGES OVER TIME. ODE. EGG.
PEREGRINE FALCON ,491
HISTORIC CHANGES. BIROS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. , . 512
246
-------
HCGCHOKER. BIOCHEMISTRY. PHYSIOLOGY. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS.
WHITE PERCH
HOME AND GARDEN USE. FCOO CHAIN. PERSISTENCE.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. TRANSPORT. ....... .544
HUDSCN RIVER. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TlfE.
FOOD CHAIN. CRGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT 358
HUMAN DIET. ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. MIREX.
MONITORING. ORGANOCHLORINES. SEAFOOD. . . 4C6
HUMAN FOOD. CANADA. DDT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. 570
HUMAN FOOD. CANADA. FISH. METABOLISM. PHTHALATE ESTERS. .645
HUMIC SUBSTANCES. MODIFYING FACTOR.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . . . 354
HYDRCBIONT. ACCUMULATION. PESTICIDES 620
HYDRCCARBCNS. BIODEGRADATION. MOLECULAR RECALCITRANCE.
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. PERSISTENCE 010
HYDRCCARBCNS. CONTAMINAfION FROM NETS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. PC8S. PLANKTON. . . 279
IBIS. BIRD. FISHEATING BIRD. MORTALITY. PESTICICES.
TEXAS. 2C7
IDENTIFICATION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. PCBS. REVIEW. . . . .322
IDOE. CONFERENCE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT 157
IDOE. CARIBBEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GULF OF MEXICO. ORGANOCHLORINES 230
IDOE. BASELINE STUDIES. MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW. ....... 242
IMPACT. FUTURE OUTLOOK. PESTICIDES. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . .458
IMPACT. COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEM. PESTICIDES. REVIEW 498
INCUBATION. BIRD. DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ......,.,, .388
INDICATOR ORGANISMS. BIOASSAY. MONITORING. OVERVIEW. . . 087
247
-------
INDICATOR ORGANISMS. FAO CONFERENCE. FAG CONFERENCE.
LIFE CYCLE. MARINE ORGANISMS. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. .... 212
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. 8ENZPYRENE.
PCLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. !'c;
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. WASTEWATER TREATMENT.
WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 015
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION. CALIFORNIA. CRABS. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING 072
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. CONFERENCE. FAO. MEDITERRANEAN.
PESTICIDES. POLLUTION. 252
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION. DUMPING.
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. NATURAL OCCURRENCE.
PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW 412
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. ECOSYSTEM. MODEL. PESTICICES. . . .431
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. OVERVIEW. PESTICICES.
RESEARCH NEEDS. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . . . .455
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. FAO CONFERENCE. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. REVIEW. STIMULATORY EFFECTS. UPTAKE SYSTEMS. . 468
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC. BENTHIC EFFECTS.
FAO CONFERENCE. PESTICIDES. POLLUTION 493
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. HERBICIDES.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. PHENOL. .... . 5CO
INDUSTRIAL TCXICANT. BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
VINYL CHLORIDE. ... ............ .538
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. CYANIDES. FISH. FISH KILL.
PHENCLS. SALMCNIDS. TOXIC ZONES, ...... 568
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS.
PHYSIOLOGY. REVIEW ,664
INLAND POPULATION. 8HC. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT LAKES. ORGANOCHLORINES. .... .199
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. LOBSTERS. METABOLISM.
PARATHION. TCXICITY 098
INSECTICIDES. OIELCRIN. EGGS. GALLINULES. LOUISIANA.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS .1C3
248
-------
INSECTICIDES. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. EN2YMCLCGY.
FISH. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFERS. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. ..... .177
INSECTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TQXICITY. DECAPOD.
INVERTEBRATE. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE. . ... .179
INSECTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ESTUARINE FISHES.
FISH 181
INSECTICIDES. LATENT EFFECTS. MOLLUSKS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 182
INSECTICIDE. ELCOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENDRIN.
PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFER. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . . . .184
INSECTICIDES. METAL CONTENT. MOLLUSK. PHYSIOLOGY.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. TISSUE CHEMISTRY .186
INSECTICIDES. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CORMORANTS. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. PC8S. PELICANS 249
INSECTICIDES. CHEMICAL WASTES. ENDOSULFAN.
MARINE POLLUTION. NORTH SEA. OCEAN DUMPING. ...... .251
INSECTICIDES. BIRD KILLS. CALIFORNIA. FISHEATING BIRDS.
OREGON. ORGANCCHLORINES 348
INSECTICIDES. CHANGES OVER TIME. MORTALITY.
NETHERLANDS. PCBS. POPULATION. TERN. .......... 364
INSECTICIDES. DDE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
NETHERLANDS. NORTH SEA. SANDWICH TERNS .367
INSECTICIDES. EFFECTS CN WILDLIFE. FIELD STUDY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. 382
INSECTICIDES. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. LATENT EFFECTS.
MIREX. PERSISTENCE. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS 396
INSECTICIDES. FISH. PYRETHRIN. SALMONIDS. TOXICITY. . . .4C8
INSECTICIDES. BICMAGNIFICATION. DETOXICATION.
ENZYMOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. -452
INSECTICIDES. FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. HERBICIDES.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. INVERTEBRATES. PHENOL. ...... SCO
INSECTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH. SALMCMDS. . . 5C2
INSECTICIDES. AZIRIDINE. CHEMOSTERILANTS. GRCWTH.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .. ... .5C4
249
-------
INSECTICIDES. BICMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIKE.
FOOD CHAINS. GREAT BRITAIN. MARINE ORGANISMS. ..... .537
INSECTICIDES. DDT. EASTERN US. FIELD STUDY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. TIDAL MARSHES. WILDLIFE. ....... 571
INSECTICIDES. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MOSQUITO CONTRCL.
REVIEW 572
INSECTICIDES. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HERBICIDES. PC8S.
REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .... 625
INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY. COST BENEFIT. ECOSYSTEMS.
QRGANCCHLORINES. SYNERGISM. WORKSHOP 315
INTERACTION. CDT. DIELCRIN. METABOLISM. TROUT. UPTAKE. . 4CO
INVERTEBRATE. CARBAMATE. DEVELOPMENT. MUSSEL. SEVIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .028
INVERTEBRATE. CARBAMATE. DUNGENESS CRAB.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SEVIN. .066
INVERTEBRATE. METHOXYCHLOR. SALINITY. SUBLETML EFFECT.
SYNERGISM. 095
INVERTEBRATE. INSECTICIDES. LOBSTERS. METABOLISM.
PARATHION. TOXICITY. 098
INVERTEBRATES. COASTAL MARSHLANDS. CRUSTACEA.
MALATHION. MOSQUITO CONTROL. PESTICIDES. TEXAS 115
INVERTEBRATES. ENZYMOLOGY. FISHES. ORGANQPHOSPfcATE. . . .123
INVERTEBRATE. CALIFORNIA CURRENT, DDT. MODEL.
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE 137
INVERTEBRATES. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FIELD STLDY.
FISH. FLORIDA. TIDAL MARSH. 141
INVERTEBRATE. CRUSTACEA. SLIMICIDE. .......... .144
INVERTEBRATES. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. KOLLUSKS.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. ....... .146
INVERTEBRATES. 6IOMAGNIFICATION, BIROS. FISH. PCBS.
REVIEW 170
INVERTEBRATE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DECAPOD.
INSECTICIDES. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE .179
250
-------
INVERTEBRATE. FISH. PESTICIDES. STRESS PROFILES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. . . 183
INVERTEBRATE. CRA8S. DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
.LARVAE. .SUBLETHAL EFFECT , . .192
INVERTEBRATE. CRABS. DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
NORTH CAROLINA. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 193
INVERTEBRATE. CRAB. DIELDRIN. UPTAKE. . .194
INVERTEBRATES. CALIFORNIA. OCT. FISH. LIPICS.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY ..... 196
INVERTEBRATE. BIOACCUMULATION, DDT. FISH.
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA,. UPTAKE 197
INVERTEBRATE. FISH. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. PCTS* RUNE, . . .211
INVERTEBRATE. ENZYMQLOGY. FIDDLER CRAB. FISH.
PESTICIDES. TROUT 253
INVERTEBRATES. BICASSAY. EPA. FISH. MARINE ORGANISMS.
REVIEW .265
INVERTEBRATES. ARCCLOR 1016. FISH. HISTOLOGY. PCBS.
UPTAKE .267
INVERTEBRATES. CIELDRIN. FIELD STUDY. FISHES.
SALT MARSH. .273
INVERTEBRATE. FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES.
MONITORING. PCBS. PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND .301
INVERTEBRATES. CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH. FISH KILL.
GUATEMALA. PESTICIDE LEVELS . . 345
INVERTEBRATES. DETOXICATION. METABOLISM. REVIEW. .... 353
INVERTEBRATE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CRAB. DDT. GROWTH.
MIREX. OSMOREGULATION 380
INVERTEBRATE. BEHAVIOR. BLUE CRABS. DDT. GROWTH.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .392
INVERTEBRATES. FISH. INSECTICIDES. LATENT EFFECTS.
MIREX. PERSISTENCE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ......... 396
INVERTEBRATE. CROWN OF THORNS, PACIFIC. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION. SEASTAR. . . . , 418
251
-------
INVERTEBRATES. BICMAGNIFICATION. DETOXICATION.
ENZYFCLOGY. INSECTICIDES. METABOLISM. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .452
INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SALINITY. SHRIMP. SYNERGISK. .... 459
INVERTEBRATE. CATIONS. DDT. ENZYMQLQGY. OSMOREGULATIQN.
SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . . ...... 460
INVERTEBRATE. DDT. SHRIMP. TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. 464
INVERTEBRATES. ESCAMBIA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. PCES.
SEDIMENT. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. . . ...... .465
INVERTEBRATES. DIELDRIN. FISH. HISTOLOGY. ....... .481
INVERTEBRATES. FAC CONFERENCE. FISH. HERBICIDES.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. INSECTICIDES. PHENOL. ...... .SCO
INVERTEBRATE. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX. SHRIMP. ...... .515
INVERTEBRATES. BIRDS. CDT. FISHEATING BIRDS.
MARINE FOOD CHAINS. PACIFIC. ..... ... 531
INVERTEBRATE. ENDOSULFAN. MUSSEL. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SHELLFISH. UPTAKE 534
INVERTEBRATE. 8IGACCUMULATION. ENDOSULFAN. MUSSEL.
MYTILUS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. 535
INVERTEBRATE. BYSSUS FORMATION. GROWTH. MUSSEL.
MYTILUS. ORGANOCHLORINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 536
INVERTEBRATE. BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR. INDUSTRIAL TCXICANT.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
VINYL CHLORIDE 538
INVERTEBRATES. FRESHWATER. PHTHALATE ESTERS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. UPTAKE .545
INVERTEBRATE. 8IOACCUMULATION. BLUE CRABS. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. UPTAKE 550
INVERTEBRATES. 8ICACCUMULATICN. FISH. PCBS. REVIEW.
TGXICITY. .515
INVERTEBRATE. BEHAVIOR. BURROWING. PHENOL.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 585
INVERTEBRATE. FISH. PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. . . 586
INVERTEBRATE. FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. FISHERY PRCCUCTS.
PACIFIC. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. .. .... .587
252
-------
INVERTEBRATES. CARBAMATE. ORGANOCHLQRINE PESTICIDE.
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ............ 588
INVERTEBRATES. DNP. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. OYSTERS.
SEA URCHINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. 5*35
INVERTEBRATE. QRGANOPHCSPHATES. OYSTERS. REPRODUCTION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ........,„.,... 596
INVERTEBRATES. CRGANOCHLORINES. PROGRESS REPORT.
TRANSLOCATIQN. VIRGINIA ., 616
INVERTEBRATES. OYSTERS. PCBS. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. .... 619
INVERTEBRATES. CDT. FIDDLER CRAB. LIMB REGENERATION.
MOLTING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... * ....... 634
INVERTEBRATE. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE.
UPTAKE .642
INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE. . . . .643
ICWA. BIRDS. COOTS. EGGS. PESTICIDES. TEAL. ...... .331
IRISH SEA. BIRD. GUILLEMOTS. PCBS. . 023
JAPAN. BHC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SEASONAL VARIATION 589
JAVA. ENDOSULFAN. RICE. THIOCAN. ...... , 244
KETCNES. ALDEHYDES. FLORIDA. MONITORING. SEA KATER.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. . , 125
KILLIFISH. CARDIAC MALFORMATION. DEVELOPMENT.
PESTICIDES. SU6LETHAL EFFECT 636
KINETICS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. PCES.
REPRODUCTION. REVIEW .582
LAKE ONTARIO. CANADA. EM8RYOMC MORTALITY.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GULLS. HERRING GULLS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 235
LAKE SUPERIOR. FOOD CHAIN. QRGANOCHLORINES. PCBS.
TROPHIC LEVEL. TROUT. UPTAKE. 480
LAMPREY. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH CONTROL.
NITRCSALICYLAMLIDE. TROUT .4C9
LAMPSEYS. BICASSAY. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. FISHES. GRtAT LAKES. TCXICITY. . . 026
253
-------
LAMPRICIOE. PHYSIOLOGY. SEA LAMPREY. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. .006
LARVAE. CRABS. DIELORIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
INVERTEBRATE. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .......192
LARVAL STAGE. CRABS. DEVELOPMENT. MIREX.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. ... • «055
LATENT EFFECTS. INSECTICIDES. MOLLUSKS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS - 182
LATENT EFFECT. CANADA. DOT. FIELD STUDY. SALMON.
TRANSPORT 188
LATENT EFFECTS. FISH. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES.
MIREX. PERSISTENCE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ..... 396
LATENT EFFECT. INVERTEBRATE. MIREX. SHRIMP. ...... .515
LATENT EFFECT. BIRDS. MIREX. PERSISTENCE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TCXICITY. UPTAKE. ... 584
LEARNING. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 316
LIFE CYCLE. FAO CONFERENCE. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDICATOR ORGANISMS. MARINE ORGANISMS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. 212
LIGHT. DDT. MODIFYING EFFECT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE 4C1
LIGHT. BREAKDOWN. CARBAMATE. MODIFYING EFFECTS. SEVIN. . 631
LIMB REGENERATION. DDT. FIDDLER CRAB. INVERTEBRATES.
MOLTING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ............... 634
LINDANE. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. MOLLUSK. QUAHCG CLAM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 191
LINOANE. CRAB CONTROL. SHELLFISH MANAGEMENT 2tl
LINDANE. COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FISH.
HAWAII. PHENOL 4fc9
LIPIDS. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH. INVERTEBRATES.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY „ 196
LITERATURE COMPILATION. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
WATER QUALITY 037
254
-------
LITERATURE COMPILATION. PC8S. PESTICIDES.
WATER QUALITY , . 350
LIVERS. FISHES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GRGANCCHLORINES. PACIFIC OCEAN. SEAFOOD. ........ Ifc5
LIVING RESOURCES. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. FAO.
MARINE POLLUTION. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. ......... .041
LIVING RESOURCES. FAO. FISHERIES. NORTH SEA.
PESTICIDES. PLANNING. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 113
LIVING RESOURCES. FISHING. MARINE POLLUTION. REVIEWS. . .213
LOBSTER. ATP. BIOCHEMISTRY. PROTEINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .154
LOBSTERS. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. METABOLISM.
PARATHION. TOXICITY 098
LONG ISLAND. BIOMAGNIFICATION. DDT. EAST COAST ESTUARY.
NEW YORK 656
LONGISLANO SOUND". DDT. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
NEW YORK. PCBS. TERNS. 2fi4
LOUISIANA. ESTUARINE POLLUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OVERVIEW. .......... 044
LOUISIANA. AUSTRALIA. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLQRINES. PELICAN.
SOUTH CAROLINA. . .048
LOUISIANA. DIELDRIN. EGGS. GALLINULES. INSECTICIDES.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ........... .1C3
i '
LOUISIANA. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. .1259
LOUISIANA. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT .541
LOUISIANA. DIELDRIN. ENDRIN. MODIFYING EFFECT.
SEDIMENT 542
LOWER ATMOSPHERE. ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. ........ 554
MACKENZIE DELTA. ARCTIC. CANADA. DDT. WHALES. ..... ,OC3
MAINE. ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. DDT. DIELDRIN.
MONITORING. SALMON. ......... « • -022
MAINE. BAY OF FUNOY. DDT. HARBOR SEALS. MAMMAL.
MONITORING. PCBS 227
255
-------
MAINE. CORMORANTS. FOOD CHAIN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MIGRATION. PESTICIDES ..... . . . ..... ..... 370
MALATHION. ECOSYSTEM. MICROCOSM. MICROORGANISMS
MALATHION. COASTAL MARSHLANDS. CRUSTACEA.
INVERTEBRATES. MOSQUITO CONTROL. PESTICIDES. TEXAS. . . .115
MALATHION. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. MGSQUITOFISH. SALINITY.
SELECTION. . . .......... . ..... ...... 243
MALATHION. FISH. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. ..... 3C6
MALATHICN. QRGANOPHQSPHATE. SALMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TROUT .............. ............ 501
MALATHION. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
SALT MARSH. ...» ..... ........... . . .533
MAMMAL. DDT. DIELDRIN. SOUTH AFRICA ........... 029
MAMMAL. CALIFORNIA. MORTALITY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SEA LION. ...... Ot5
MAMMAL. CALIFORNIA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SEA LIONS. ....... ..... 148
MAMMAL. CANADA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. SEALS, .216
MAMMAL. BAY OF FUNCY. CANADA.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCRPOISES ........ . . .226
; : i
MAMMAL. BAY CF FUNDY. DDT. HARBOR SEALS. MAINE.
MONITORING. PCBS. ... ....... ......... .227
MAMMAL. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SEALS ....... . ....... .. .299
MAMMAL. BALTIC. BIRDS. DDT. KET ABOLISH. PCBS. SfeEDEN. . .319
i
MAMMAL. CALIFORNIA. DDT. SEA LIONS ....... .... .375
MAMMAL. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. FISH.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ............... 594
HAMMAL. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. WHALES*! ........ 648
MAMMALS. CANACA. HERRING OILS. MARINE OILS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEAL OILS. WHALE OILS ..... OC5
256
-------
MAMMALS. ALASKA. ORGANOCHLQR INE PESTICIDES.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS. SEALS. WASHINGTON. .......... 013
MAMMALS. NURSING FUR SEAL PUPS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. ST PAUL ISLANDS. . . . .014
MAMMALS. ARCTIC. MONITORING. PCBS. POLAR BEARS. SEALS. . 096
MAMMALS. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SCOTLAND. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... .300
MAMMALS. CALIFORNIA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OTTERS.
SEALS. ... ...................... 556
MAMMALS. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. DDT.
ORGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PENGUINS. SEALS. ...... .563
MANGROVE. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. FISHERIES. HERBICIDE.
MILITARY DEFOLIATION. VIETNAM. .... ......... 150
MANGROVE. QRGANOCHLORINES. TRANSLOCATION. UPTAKE. . . . .627
MANGROVE. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. HERBICIDE. VIETNAM. . . . .638
MANGROVES. HERBICIDES. OVERVIEW. VIETNAM ........ .114
MANGROVES. AGENT ORANGE. HERBICIDES. SOUTH VIETNAM. . . .539
MANGROVES. COMMUNITY. HERBICIDES. MILITARY USE.
VIETNAM. ....... ..... ..... ...... . 639
MARINE ALGAE. BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE. HERBICIDES.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. WEED CONTROL. ..... . . .626
MARINE ANIMALS. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. '
TCXICITY CRITERIA. .............. ..... 074
MARINE ANIMALS. DDT. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING.
PESTICIDES. . . ................. ... .078
!
> *
MARINE ANIMALS. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. . , .324
MARINE COMMUNITIES. ECOSYSTEM. FAO CONF. ?
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
MARINE DIATOMS. BIOACCUMULAT ION. DDT. METABOLISM.
PLANKTON. UPTAKE. ............... .... .342
i
MARINE DIATOM. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE. ..... .................. - «343
257
-------
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MONITORING. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ....... .084
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. BIRDS. FISH. ORGANQCHLORINES.
PACIFIC. REVIEW. TRANSPORT .526
MARINE ENVIRONMENT. BASELINE STUDIES. IOOE.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW. ........... .242
MARINE ENVIRONMENT. PCBS. SEWAGE DISPOSAL. SOURCES.
TRANSPORT. . 298
MARINE ENVIRONMENT. FAO CONFERENCE. ORGANOCHLORINES,
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. . 476
MARINE FOOD CHAINS. BIRDS. DDT. FISHEATING BIRCS.
INVERTEBRATES. PACIFIC. ....... ... -531
MARINE OILS. CANADA. HERRING OILS. MAMMALS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES, SEAL OILS. WHALE OILS. ... .005
MARINE ORGANISMS. PCBS. REVIEW. ............ .021
MARINE ORGANISMS. FAO. MARINE POLLUTION. REPRODUCTION, . 145
MARINE ORGANISMS. BIOACCUMULATION. DDT. FISH.
INVERTEBRATE. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA. UPTAKE. ...... 197
MARINE ORGANISMS. FAO CONFERENCE. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDICATOR ORGANISMS. LIFE CYCLE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. . . .212
MARINE ORGANISMS. CONFERENCE. FAQ, PESTICIDES.
POLLUTANTS. REVIEW .258
MARINE ORGANISMS. 8IOASSAY. EPA. FISH. INVERTEBRATES.
REVIEW .265
MARINE ORGANISMS. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC WASTES , .310
MARINE ORGANISMS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. REVIEW. SCEP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT. 453
MARINE ORGANISMS. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLCRINES.
OCEANOGRAPHY. PACIFIC. TRANSPORT. 478
MARINE ORGANISMS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. PESTICIDE,
REVIEW .479
258
-------
MARINE ORGANISMS. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME.
FOOD CHAINS. GREAT BRITAIN. INSECTICIDES. . 537
MARINE ORGANISMS. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. NKFS.
NW FISHERY CENTER RESEARCH. RESEARCH REPORT . 576
MARINE ORGANISMS. BOOK. CONFERENCE. PHYSIOLOGY.
POLLUTION 615
MARINE POLLUTION. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. FAO.
LIVING RESOURCES. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. . . . .041
MARINE POLLUTION. BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. FAC.
MONITORING TRENDS. OFFSHORE DUMPING.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. ...... .... .112
MARINE POLLUTION. FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS. REPRODUCTION. , 145
MARINE POLLUTION. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. DDT. OCEANS.
PC8S. SYMPOSIUM. SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. . ... 172
MARINE POLLUTION. FISHING, LIVING RESOURCES. REVIEWS. . .213
<3
MARINE POLLUTION. BOOK. FAO. RESEARCH NEEDS. SEMINAR. . .243
MARINE POLLUTION. CHEMICAL WASTES. ENDOSULFAN.
INSECTICIDES. NCRTH SEA. OCEAN DUMPING .251
MARINE POLLUTION. CHLORINATED BY PRODUCTS. DEGRADATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY. VINYL CHLORIDE. . . . 323
MARINE POLLUTION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. FOOD SUPPLY.
OVERVIEW . . .351
MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING SYSTEMS. ORGANOCHLORINES.
OVERVIEW. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. TRANSPORT. ..... 530
*• *
MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTION. SEA TROUT. TEXAS COAST. ... .088
i r
MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. REVIEW .......... .374
MARYLAND. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. FISH.
MOLLUSKS. PESTICIDES. VIRGINIA. ............ .448
*
MASSACHUSETTS. NAPHTHALENES. STORMWATER RUNOFF. »
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS .297
MASSACHUSETTS. FISH. MIGRATION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINTER FLOUNDER. ...... .564
259
-------
MEDITERRANEAN. CONFERENCE. FAO. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS,
PESTICIDES. POLLUTION 252
MENIDIA. BEHAVIOR. FISH. SEVIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ... .635
MERCENARIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
QRGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. RHODE ISLAND 105
MERGANSERS. BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS. GOOSANDERS.
ORGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND. .......... 623
METABOLISM. EXCRETION. FISH. ORGANOCHLORINES.
XENOBIOTICS. . . ....... 002
METABOLISM. DDT. FATE. MICROBIOLOGY. SEDIMENT.
SEVERN ESTUARY. SEWAGE .007
METABOLISM. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. SEVERN ESTUARY. .... . .008
METABOLISM. BIRDS. DDT. PCBS. PERSISTENCE 033
METABOLISM. BENTAZON. 8IQMAGNIFICATIQN. ECOSYSTEM.
HERBICIDE. MODEL. TOXICITY. .... ..... .056
METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. CRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
REVIEW. 060
METABOLISM. ALGAE. DDT. 24 C. ..... 062
METABOLISM. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. FLORIDA.
SHELLFISH. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE 212
METABOLISM. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. LOBSTERS.
PARATHION. TOXICITY OS8
METABOLISM. DDT. DEGRADATION. MICROORGANISMS. SALMON. . .IC6
METABOLISM. DDT. DUCKS. MONITORING.
TISSUE DISTRUBITICN 152
METABOLISM. DDT. SHARK. 171
METABOLISM. GROWTH. NTA. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 1<55
METABOLISM. BIOACCUMULATION. DDT. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. NORTH SEA. UPTAKE 1S7
METABOLISM. DCT. FISH. SOLE. UPTAKE 198
METABOLISM. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA. MODEL.
PC8S. PCP. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TRANSPORT. 2C5
260
-------
METABOLISM. CANADA, DOT. DEGRADATION, SALMON .247
METABOLISM. PCBS. TROUT. ....... .312
METABOLISM. BALTIC. BIRDS. DDT. MAMMAL. PCBS. SWEDEN. . .319
METABOLISM. FRESHWATER ORGANISMS. PHTHALIC ACIC ESTERS. .328
METABOLISM. BIOACCUMULATION. ODT. MARINE DIATOMS.
PLANKTON. UPTAKE. ....... ... .342
METABOLISM. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT. GROWTH. PCBi
UPTAKE 344
METABOLISM. BCOK. PESTICIDES. SURVIVAL. SYMPOSIUM. ... 352
METABOLISM. DETOXICATICN. INVERTEBRATES. REVIEW 353
METABOLISM. HERBICIDES. PCP. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE* 359
METABOLISM. DETCXICATICN. HERBICIDE. PCP. SHELLFISH.
UPTAKE 360
METABOLISM. CONJUGATION. HERBICIDE. PCP. SHELLFISH. . . .361
METABOLISM. CCT. DUCK. EGGS. PELICAN. ......... .371
METABOLISM. FISH. POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. ...... 379
METABOLISM. BIRD. PCBS. PHARMACODYNAMICS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ...... ,385
METABOLISM. DDT. OIELDRIN. INTERACTION. TROUT. UPTAKE. . 4CQ
METABOLISM. ANCHOVY. DDT. FISH. MICROORGANISM 404
METABOLISM. OIELDRIN. PHENYLALANINE. TROUT 422
METABOLISM. PESTICIDES, REVIEW .425
METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. UPDATE. ........ .428
METABOLISM. 8IQMAGNIFICATION. MODEL. PESTICIDE. .... .432
METABOLISM. 8IOMA6NIFICATION. OETQXICATIQN. ENZYMCLCCY.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ..... 452
METABOLISM. BREAKDOWN, ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. ..... ........ 477
261
-------
METABOLISM. DEGRADATION. MICROORGANISMS. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. TRANSFORMATION. 487
METABOLISM. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. OCCURRENCE. PC8S.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. . . . j • • 490
METABOLISM. OCT. DETOXIFICATION. FISH. SALMON. UPTAKE. . 505
METABOLISM. DDT. EXCRETION. FISH. FLOUNDER. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 510
METABOLISM. ALGAE. DIELORIN. FATS. PLANKTON. ...... 524
METABOLISM. ETHION. ORGANQPHOSPHATE. SEDIMENTS 559
METABOLISM. CARBAMATES. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON. SURC 560
METABOLISM. ALGAE. DDT. DIELORIN. PLANKTON. SURC.
UPTAKE. .561
METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. ORGANQCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PERSISTENCE. UPTAKE 569
METABOLISM. FISH. FRESHWATER. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. . . .574
METABOLISM. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. KINETICS. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION. REVIEW 582
METABOLISM. BBC. HCH. PERSISTENCE. SEA WATER. 637
METABOLISM. CANADA. FISH. HUNAN FOOD. PHTHALATE ESTERS. .645
METABOLITES. ATLANTIC. CANADA. DDT. FISH.
SPRUCE BUDWORI* 159
METAL CONTENT. INSECTICIDES. MOLLUSK. PHYSIOLOGY.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. TISSUE CHEMISTRY , 186
METHCXYCHLOR. INVERTEBRATE. SALINITY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
SYNERGISM. ..... ..... 095
METHCXYCHLOR. DOT. FISH. PESTICIDES. SU8LETHAL EFFECT.
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. TROUT. ,, .225
METHCXYCHLOR. FISH. MIREX. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE. .377
METHOXYCHLOR. FISH. MIREX. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE 378
262
-------
METHCXYCHLOR. DDT. DIELDRIN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SYNERGISM. TROUT
MICROBIOLOGY. DDT. FATE. METABOLISM. SEDIMENT.
SEVERN ESTUARY. SEWAGE 007
MICROCOSM. ECCSYSTEM. MALATHION. MICROORGANISMS.>. ... 061
MICROORGANISMS. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
REVIEW. .060
MICROORGANISMS. ECOSYSTEM. MALATHION. MICROCOSM. .... 061
MICRCORGANISMS. DDT. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. SALMON. . ,1C6
MICROORGANISM. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MIREX. PCBS.
TETRAHYMENA « . . 118
MICROORGANISM. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. PCBS.
TETRAHYMENA 119
MICROORGANISM. ANCHOVY. DDT. FISH. METABOLISM. ..... 404
MICROORGANISMS. BACTERIA. CHEMOTAXIS. ORGANOCHLCRINE.
PREDATION. ............... 434
MICRCORGANISMS. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. TRANSFORMATION. ..... 487
MICROORGANISMS. CARBAMATES. METABOLISM.
QRGANOCHLORINES. PLANKTON. SURC. . . ..... 560
MICROORGANISMS. METABOLISM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PERSISTENCE. UPTAKE. ......... .... 569
MICRCORGANISMS. CTC. NITROFURANS. SHRIMP. TETRACYCLINE. .630
MICROORGANISMS. BACTERIA. BEHAVIOR. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. .661
MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME.
DDT. FISH. POPULATION TRENDS. STATISTICAL SURVEY. . . . .333
MIGRATING POPULATIONS. DUCKS. PESTICIDES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ............••••.• 330
MIGRATION. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 20°
MIGRATION. CORMORANTS. FOOD CHAIN.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAINE. PESTICIDES. ...... .370
263
-------
MIGRATION. ALASKA. BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PEREGRINE FALCONS. ................... 384
MIGRATION, FISH. MASSACHUSETTS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINTER FLOUNDER .564
MIGRATION. BIRDS. DDT. FAT MOBILIZATION. PCBS 567
MIGRATION. ALASKA. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. BIRD. DOE.
PEREGRINE POPULATION .640
MILITARY DEFOLIATION. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. FISHERIES.
HERBICIDE. MANGROVE. VIETNAM 150
MILITARY USE. COMMUNITY. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES.
VIETNAM. 639
MINERAL COMPOSITION. BIRD. CHEMISTRY. DOE. DUCKS.
EGGSHELLS. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. 389
MIREX. CRABS. DEVELOPMENT. LARVAL STAGE.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE .055
MIREX. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. MONITORING. SOUTH CAROLINA. .057
MIREX. BIOACCUMULATION. FIELD STUDIES. MOVEMENT.
SOUTH CAROLINA. .058
MIREX. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM. PCES.
TETRAHYMENA. 118
MIREX. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. SHRIMP, SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
VIRUS 128
MIREX. CATFISH. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. MISSISSIPPI.
PESTICIDES 283
MIREX. BIRDS. DUCK. GROWTH. REPRODUCTION .289
MIREX. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ............. 313
MIREX. FISH. KETHOXYCHLOR. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE. . .377
MIREX. FISH. KETHOXYCHLOR. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE .378
MIREX, COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CRAB. DOT. GROWTH.
INVERTEBRATE. OSMOREGULATION. .. .380
264
-------
MIREX. FISH. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES.
LATENT EFFECTS. PERSISTENCE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .... .396
MIREX. ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. HUMAN DIET.
MONITORING. ORGANOCHLORINES. SEAFOOD. . ..... ... .4C6
MIREX. ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
DIELDRIN. MORTALITY. ... ...... ,. ....... 420
MIREX. DDT. EXCRETION. FISH. FLOUNDER. METABOLISM.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .................. 510
MIREX. INVERTEBRATE. LATENT EFFECT. SHRIMP. ...... ,515
MIREX. BIOACCUMULATION. BLUE CRABS. INVERTEBRATE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE, ...... ..... ... 550
MIREX. BIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. PERSISTENCE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TQXICITY, UPTAKE. , . ....... 584
MISSISSIPPI. CURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. FIELC STUDY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. SALT MARSHES. ... ........ .,155
MISSISSIPPI. CATFISH. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. MIREX.
PESTICIDES ....... ................ .283
MOBILE BAY. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OYSTERS. .... .1CI
MODEL. AGRICULTURAL LAND.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. PESTICIDE. RUNOFF.
TRANSPORT. WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS. ......... .032
MODEL. CHEMICAL ASPECTS. CONFERENCE. FAO. POLLUTION.
TRANSPORT ......... ............... 045
MODEL. BENTAZCN. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. ECOSYSTEM.
HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. TOXICITY, . . ...... .... 056
MODEL. CALIFORNIA CURRENT. DOT. INVERTEBRATE.
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. ... ....... 137
MODEL. CALIFORNIA. CLEAR LAKE. ECOSYSTEM.
TOXIC CHEMICALS ........ • ........... .139
MODEL. CIRCULATION. DDT. DEGRADATION. ECOSYSTEM.
PLANKTON. TRANSPORT ...... . .......... --
MODEL. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA. METABOLISM.
PCBS. PCP. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TRANSPORT. ........ .2C5
MODEL. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. . 239
265
-------
MODEL. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. PC8S.
REVIEW. TOXICITY. TRANSPORT 260
MODEL. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. PHTHALATES. UPTAKE. ..... .429
t-! •
MODEL. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . . ... .430
MODEL. ECOSYSTEM. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PESTICIDES. . . .431
MODEL, BIOMAGN1FICATION. METABOLISM. PESTICIDE. .... .432
MODEL. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OVERVIEW. ..... 655
MODIFYING EFFECTS. BIRD. DIELDRIN. MORTALITY. STRESS.
UPTAKE. ........ ..... .109
MODIFYING EFFECTS. AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. BIRD. DDT.
DUCKS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. • .221
MODIFYING FACTOR. HUMIC SUBSTANCES.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. ........... 354
MODIFYING EFFECT. DDT. LIGHT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. . .401
MODIFYING EFFECT. DDT. FISH. SIZE. UPTAKE. ....... 450
MODIFYING EFFECT. DDT. FISH. MONITORING. RESPIRATION.
UPTAKE .451
MODIFYING EFFECTS. ADSORPTION. COLLOIDS, CONCENTRATION.
DDT. TRANSPORT. .499
MODIFYING EFFECTS. DDT. FISH. ROTENONE. TOXICITY.
TROUT. VOLUME 5C8
MODIFYING EFFECTS. DDA. EXCRETION. FISHES. FLOtMDER.
RENAL SYSTEM. UPTAKE 5C9
MODIFYING EFFECT. DIELDRIN. ENDRIN. LOUISIANA.
SEDIMENT 542
MODIFYING EFFECTS. BIRDS. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING 5S9
MODIFYING EFFECTS. BREAKDOWN. CARBAMATE. LIGHT. SEVIN. . 631
MOLECULAR RECALCITRANCE. BIOCEGRADATICN. HYDROCARBONS.
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. PERSISTENCE. .. ., 010
MOLLUSK. DDT. SHELLFISH , 085
266
-------
MCLLUSK. INSECTICIDES. METAL CONTENT. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. . ... .186
MCLLUSK. ODT. ENZYMCLOGY. LINOANE. QUAHOG CLAM.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 191
MCLLUSK. ACCUMULATION. DIELDRIN. UPTAKE. ........ 495
MCLLUSKS. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FLORIDA.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MONITORING. SANTA ROSA SOUND, . .076
MCLLUSKS. COASTAL MARSHES. ODT. FOOD CHAIN. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. SYMPOSIUM 0€0
MCLLUSKS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATES.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM » .146
MOLLUSKS. INSECTICIDES. LATENT EFFECTS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS .182
MOLLUSKS. DICUAT. HERBICIDES. SEDIMENT. WATER.
MEED CONTROL .282
MOLLUSKS. BIRDS. FISH. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. RHINE RIVER. , 365
MOLLUSKS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. FISH.
MARYLAND. PESTICIDES. VIRGINIA .448
MOLTING. DOT. FIDDLER CRAB. INVERTEBRATES.
LIMB REGENERATION. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 634
MONITORING. ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. DDT. OIELCRIN.
MAINE. SALMON. 022
MONITORING STUDIES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRI8UTION. HCB.
MONITORING. CRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE. .... 043
MONITORING. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HCB.
MONITORING STUDIES. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
WILDLIFE 043
MONITORING. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. MIREX. SOUTH CAROLINA. .057
MONITORING. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GULF OF MEXICO.
ORGANCCHLORINES. OYSTER. SOUTH ATLANTIC 068
MONITORING. GERMICIDE. HCP. PCP. SEWAGE 070
MONITORING. CALIFORNIA. CRABS. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION 072
267
-------
MONITORING. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FLORIDA.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MOLLUSKS. SANTA ROSA SOUND. • • .076
MONITORING. OCT. FIXATION IN ESTUARIES. FLORIDA.
OVERVIEW. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. 077
i,
MCNITORING. OCT. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. MARINE ANIMALS.
PESTICIDES .078
MONITORING. COASTAL MARSHES. DDT. FOOD CHAIN. KCLLUSKS.
MORTALITY. SYMPOSIUM. 080
MCNITORING. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. DOT.
ESTUARINE FAUNA. OVERVIEW. SHELLFISH. . . . .081
MONITORING. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. PESTICIDES. TRANSPORT. .083
MONITORING. BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE, SUBLETHAL EFFECTS .084
MONITORING. 8IOASSAY. INDICATOR ORGANISMS. OVERVIEW. . . 087
MCNITORING. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. REPRODUCTION. SEA TROUT.
TEXAS COAST. 088
MCNITORING. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. DDT.
FISH AND WILDLIFE. HABITAT MODIFICATION. HERBICIDES,
TOXICITY , .089
MCNITORING. ARCTIC. MAMMALS. PC8S. POLAR BEARS. SEALS. . 096
MONITORING. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION.
WHITE CROAKERS .102
MONITORING. DIELDRIN. EGGS. GALLINULES. INSECTICIDES.
LOUISIANA. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IC3
MCNITORING TRENDS. BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. FAO.
MARINE POLLUTION. OFFSHORE DUMPING.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. ...... ... .112
MONITORING. ALDEHYDES. FLORIDA. KETONES. SEA WATER.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. .............. 125
j
MONITORING. DDT. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MORTALITY.
OVERVIEW. TOXICITY. , .126
MONITORING. DDT. DUCKS. METABOLISM.
TISSUE DISTRUBITICN 152
268
-------
MONITORING. BIRDS. C^STODES. DUCKS.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE ............... ... 153
MONITORING. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. TOXICITY .......... .
MONITORING. BIRDS. PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE ......... 168
MONITORING. BAY OF FUNOY. DDT. HARBOR SEALS. MAINE.
MAMMAL. PCBS .......... ............ .227
MONITORING. CONTAMINATION FROM NETS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HYDROCARBONS. PCBS. PLANKTON. . 279
MONITORING. DUCKS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WINGS. . , .......... 286
MONITORING. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. DUCKS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. WINGS. ...... .287
MONITORING. FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES.
INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND ...... . . .301
MONITORING. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HCB. .... ,329
MONITORING. ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. HUMAN DIET.
MIREX. ORGANOCHLORINES. SEAFOOD. ... ...... ... 4C6
MONITORING. DCT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT. RESPIRATION.
UPTAKE .............. . ........ .. .451
MONITORING. GEORGIA. TOXAPHENE. ...... ....... 523
MONITORING SYSTEMS. MARINE POLLUTION. ORGANOCHLCR INES.
OVERVIEW. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. TRANSPORT ...... 530
MONITORING. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS.
SEWAGE. ... ...................... 549
MONITORING. ESTUARIES. PESTICIDES. REPORT. VIRGINIA. . . 617
MONITORING. ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. BRAIN. ENZYMOLOGY.
FISH. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... .644
MONTEREY BAY. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CALIFORNIA.
PESTICIDE. RUNOFF. ......... ........ . . 256
MORTALITY CAUSES. BALD EAGLES. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. POST MORTEM EXAMS ........ 120
MORTALITY. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SEA LION ....... 065
269
-------
MORTALITY. COASTAL MARSHES. DDT. FOOD CHAIN. MGLLUSKS.
MONITORING. SYMPOSIUM 080
MORTALITY. BIRD. DIELDRIN. MODIFYING EFFECTS. STRESS.
UPTAKE .109
MORTALITY. DDT. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MONITORING.
OVERVIEW. TOXICITY. ...... ..... .126
MORTALITY. BIRD. FISHEATING BIRD. IBIS. PESTICIDES.
TEXAS 207
MORTALITY. ACTIVITY. ENZYMOLCGY. FISH BRAIN.
PESTICIDES. . .233
MORTALITY. CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES.
NETHERLANDS. PCBS. POPULATION. TERN 364
MORTALITY. ABUNDANCE. BLUE CRAB. CHANGES OVER TIME.
DDT. OIELDRIN. MIREX .420
MORTALITY. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . . .446
MORTALITY. BIRDS. GANNETS. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS.
POST MORTEM 486
MORTALITY. AUTOPSY. BALD EAGLES. BIRO.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 520
MORTALITY. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDE POISONING. ... .521
MORTALITY. ENDRIN. FISH KILL. NABAM. PESTICIDES.
SALMCNIDS. STREAM POLLUTION. 546
MORTALITY. BEHAVIOR. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT.
PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. ... 581
MOSQUITO CONTROL. GALVESTON BAY.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. OYSTERS.
TEXAS. WATER .100
MOSQUITO CONTROL. COASTAL MARSHLANDS. CRUSTACEA.
INVERTEBRATES. MALATHION, PESTICIDES. TEXAS 115
MOSQUITO CONTROL. CURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
FIELD STUDY. MISSISSIPPI. SALT MARSHES 155
MOSQUITO CONTROL. DURSBAN. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA.
SALT MARSHES .156
270
-------
MOSQUITO CONTROL. EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. FIELD STUDY.
INSECTICIDES ............. , ......... 382
MOSQUITO CONTROL. NORTHEASTERN US. TRANSPORT. . ..... 517
MOSQUITO CONTROL. DDT. EASTERN US. FIELD STUDY.
INSECTICIDES. TIDAL MARSHES. WILDLIFE ....... ... 511
MOSQUITO CONTROL. FISH AND WILDLIFE. INSECTICIDES.
REVIEW .................. . ....... 572
MOSQUITO CONTROL. BEHAVIOR. BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. CDT.
FIELD STUDY. SALT MARSHES ................ 573
MOSQUITO CONTROL. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA. MALATHICN.
SALT MARSH ................ . ....... 593
MCSQUITOFISH. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. MALATHION. SALINITY.
SELECTION. .......... ... .......... 263
MOSQUITOFISH. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH. PESTICIDES.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT .............. ...... .266
MOVEMENT. BIGACCUMULATION. FIELD STUDIES. MIREX.
SOUTH CAROLINA ...................... 058
MULLET. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. MIREX.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE. . . ............ 377
MULLET. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. MIREX.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE ......... .... ...... 378
MUMMICHOG. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION.
ESTUARINE FISH. FISH. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM ....... 180
MURRE. BIRD. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FARALLON ISLANDS. FISHEATING BIRD. ORGANOCHLCRINES. . . .250
MUSSEL. CARBAMATE. DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. SEVIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ....... . ............. 028
MUSSEL. ENDOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. ....... ............
MUSSEL. 8IOACCUMULATION. ENDOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE.
.MYTILUS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . ............. 535
MUSSEL. BYSSUS FORMATION. GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
MYTILUS, ORGANOCHLORINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... .536
MUSSELS. FISHES. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS.
SPAIN ...................... .... 035
271
-------
MYTILUS. BIOACCUMULATICN. ENCOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE.
MUSSEL. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .............. 535
MYTILUS. 8YSSUS FORMATION, GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE.
MUSSEL. ORGANCCHLQRINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ........ 536
NABAM. ENDRIN. FISH KILL. MORTALITY. PESTICIDES.
SALMONIDS. STREAM POLLUTION ..... .......... 546
NAE. EPA. NAS. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA ...... .... 454
NAPHTHALENES. MASSACHUSETTS. STORMWATER RUNOFF.
SYNTHETIC ORC-4NICS .................. .
NAS. EPA. NAE. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA .......... 454
NATIONAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PROG. EPA. OVERVIEW. . . . 167
NATICNAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PROG. FISH.
ORGANOCHLORINES ........ . ........ .... 2S3
NATICNAL TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMM.
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. ....... ......... ,609
NATURAL OCCURRENCE. DUMPING. ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION, PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW, . . .412
NEMERTEAN WORPS. CARBANATE. CLAMS. OREGON. PCLYCHAETES.
SEVIN. SHRIMP. .......... ..... . ..... 027
NERVCUS SYSTEM. DDT. SUBLETHAL EFFECT, TROUT. ..... .020
NETHERLANDS. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. PCTS. RHINE. . . .217
NETHERLANDS. CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES.
HCRTALITY. PC8S. POPULATION. TERN. . ....... ... 364
NETHERLANDS. BIRDS. FISH. MOLLUSKS. PCBS. RHINE RIVER, . 365
NETHERLANDS. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FUNGICIDES. HC8.
CRGANOCHLORINES. POPULATION DECLINE. . ........ , 366
NETHERLANDS. CDE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INSECTICIDES. NORTH SEA. SANDWICH TERNS. ...... , . 367
NEW ENGLAND. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PhTHALATES. . . . .296
NEW ENGLAND. ALGAE. ORGANOCHLOR INE PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. PRODUCTIVITY. SKELETOGENES I S .
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... ..... «.......». .552
272
-------
NEW YORK. BIGMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICICES.
SHELLFISH 208
NEW YORK. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRD.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE ,2C9
NEW YORK. CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATICN.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES. SHELLFISH 210
NEW YORK. DDT. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
LONGISLAND SOUND. PC8S. TERNS. ... ..... 284
NEW YORK. DUCKS. PENNSYLVANIA. PESTICIDES.
TRIAL MONITORING. WINGS. 288
NEW YORK. BICKAGNIFICAT10N, DDT. EAST COAST ESTUARY.
LONG ISLAND 656
NEW ZEALAND. ANTARCTIC. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. QRGANOCHLORINES. ....... .042
NEWFOUNDLAND. FOREST PEST CONTROL. ORGANQPHOSPfcATE.
SALMON. SUMITHION. TROUT. ............... .281
NITRCFURANS. CTC. MICROORGANISMS. SHRIMP. TETRACYCLINE. .630
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS. 8ICDEGRACATION. HYDROCARBONS.
MOLECULAR RECALCITRANCE. PERSISTENCE .010
NITRCSALICYLAMLIDE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
FISH CONTROL. LAMPREY. TROUT. ............. .409
NITRGSALICYLANILIOES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY.
FISH CONTROL. TROUT. - . 410
NMFS. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS. MARINE ORGANISMS.
NW FISHERY CENTER RESEARCH. RESEARCH REPORT. ...... 576
NCN TARGET SPECIES. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . .497
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. ODE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCS. RAPTORS. •• -017
NORTH AMERICA. AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE. POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH CATALOG. TOXICITY. HATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . , .603
NORTH ATLANTIC. BACTERIA. BIROS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. PC8S 059
273
-------
NORTH ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. PLANKTON. ...... 277
NORTH ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OCEAN WATER.
PC8S. PC8S. ....... .......... .278
NORTH CAROLINA. CRASS. OIELDRIN.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. PLANKTCN.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .................... 193
NORTH CENTRAL US. BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS.
DOE. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PC8S. PELICANS. . , .018
NORTH SEA. FAC. FISHERIES. LIVING RESOURCES.
PESTICIDES. PLANNING. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. ...... .113
NORTH SEA. BICACCUMULATION. DOT. FISH. INVERTEBRATE,
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. UPTAKE. ......... .157
NORTH SEA. CHEMICAL WASTES. ENDOSULFAN. INSECTICIDES.
MARINE POLLUTION. OCEAN DUMPING .......251
NORTH SEA. DDE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INSECTICIDES.
NETHERLANDS. SANDWICH TERNS. ... ... 367
NORTHEASTERN US. DDT. CSPREY. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . . .011
NORTHEASTERN US. BIRD. CANADA. DUCK. EGGS.
EGGSHELL THINNING. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. . . 387
NORTHEASTERN US. MOSQUITO CONTROL. TRANSPORT 517
NORWAY. CHANGES OVER TIME. COD, DDT. FJORDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 046
NORWAY. COD LIVER. DDT. 578
NTA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HISTOPATHOLCGY. SYNERGISM. . . 185
NTA. GROWTH. METABOLISM. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 1S5
NURSING FUR SEAL PUPS. MAMMALS.
ORGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PC8S. ST PAUL ISLANDS 014
NW FISHERY CENTER RESEARCH. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS.
MARINE ORGANISMS. NMFS. RESEARCH REPORT .576
OCCURRENCE. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. PC8S.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT ,.,. , 490
OCEAN CHEMISTRY. ECOSYSTEM. OVERVIEW. TEMPORAL CHANGES. .654
274
-------
OCEAN DUMPING. CHEMICAL WASTES, ENDQSULFAN.
INSECTICIDES. MARINE POLLUTION. NORTH SEA. . . 251
*
OCEAN HATER. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH ATLANTIC.
PCBS. PC8S .278
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. CALIFORNIA CURRENT. DDT.
INVERTEBRATE. MCDEL. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. , 137
OCEANOGRAPHY. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLORINES.
MARINE ORGANISMS. PACIFIC. TRANSPORT .478
OCEANS. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. CDT. MARINE POLLLTICN.
PCBS. SYMPOSIUM. SYNTHETIC QRGANICS. . . 172
OCEANS. CHANGES OVER TIME. CHEMICALS. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT. . . . 2A1
OCEANS. TERESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM. TRANSPORT 398
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS.
NON TARGET SPECIES. PESTICIDES. REVIEW 497
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS. ABSTRACTS. EPA.
PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES. PESTICIDES. RESEARCH CATALOG. . .516
OFFICE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
ESTUARINE POLLUTION 611
OFFSHORE DUMPING. BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. FAO.
MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING TRENDS.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS 112
OGLOGICAL DATA. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. PELICANS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ................. .016
OREGON. CARBAMATE. CLAMS. NEMERTEAN WORMS. POLYCHAETES.
SEVIN. SHRIMP -- 027
OREGON. BIRD KILLS. CALIFORNIA. FISHEATING BIRCS.
INSECTICIDES. ORGANOCHLORINES. . 348
ORGANCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BICMAGNIFICATION.
PERSISTENCE. REVIEW. UPTAKE. .... 426
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ATMOSPHERE. DUST.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBON'S. . . . CCl
ORGANCCHLORINES. EXCRETION. FISH. METABOLISM.
XEN08IOTICS. ...... ... OC2
275
-------
QRGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CANADA. HERRING OILS.
MAMMALS. MARINE OILS. SEAL OILS. WHALE OILS OC5
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. GREAT BRITAIN. METABOLISM.
SEDIMENT. SEVERN ESTUARY 008
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ALASKA. MAMMALS.
PRI8ILOF ISLANDS. SEALS. WASHINGTON 013
GRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. MAMMALS.
NURSING FUR SEAL PUPS. PCBS. ST PAUL ISLANDS 014
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. FISHES. MUSSELS. PCBS.
SPAIN. .......... ,035
QRGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES.
OCBP. DOT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. ....... .039
ORGANCCHLORINES. ANTARCTIC. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ZEALAND. ......... .042
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
HC8. MONITORING STUDIES. MONITORING. WILDLIFE 043
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ESTUARINE POLLUTICN.
LOUISIANA. OVERVIEW . 044
ORGANCCHLORINES. BROWN PELICAN. EGGSHELL MEASUREMENTS.
FLORIDA. SOUTH CAROLINA 047
ORGANCCHLORINES. AUSTRALIA. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LOUISIANA. PELICAN.
SCUTH CAROLINA. 048
GRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 052
ORGANOCHLORINES. DDE. FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
PCBS. 053
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. CRA8S. DEVELOPMENT.
LARVAL STAGE. MIREX 055
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
REVIEW. 060
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL.
MORTALITY. REVIEW. SEA LION. .... 065
GRGANCCHLCRINES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GULF OF MEXICO. MONITORING. OYSTER. SOUTH ATLANTIC. . , .068
276
-------
ORGANOCHLORINES. DOT. CIELDRIN. PC8S. SEWAGE.
SOLID WASTE. ... ......... . . ........ QS9
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME.
SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER. SEDIMENT. ... .......... 097
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. GALVESTON BAY.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. OYSTERS. TEXAS.
WATER ........ . ..... . ........... 1CO
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. MOBILE BAY. OYSTERS. .... .id
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MERCENARIA. RHODE ISLAND. ....... ......... 105
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. AUSTRALIA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OYSTERS. ........... .110
ORGANCCHLORINES. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. REVIEW. ... 116
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. PCBS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SEA LICNS ......... .... 148
ORGANOCHLORINES. CONFERENCE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
IDOE. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW. TRANSPORT. ... 157
ORGANOCHLORINES. BIOACCUMULATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. RHODE ISLAND. SURFACE SLICK. . .158
ORGANOCHLORINES. FISHES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
LIVERS. PACIFIC OCEAN. SEAFOOD. «.. .......... 165
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. FISH. SURF PERCH ...... ,173
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CANADA. EGGS. FOOD CHAIN.
PEREGRINE FALCON ..... ...... ..... .... .189
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ALASKA. CANADA.
PEREGRINE FALCON. YUKON. ................
QRGANOCHLORINES. BHC. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT LAKES. INLAND POPULATION
ORGANOCHLORINES. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. MIGRATION. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . . . 2CO
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ESTUARINE ORGANISES.
SEDIMENT. TEXAS. WATER. ......... ........ 2G1
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. B IOMAGNIFICATION.
CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW YORK.
SHELLFISH ........... ............. 208
277
-------
ORGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDE. DOT. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRD. NEW YORK 2C9
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CHANGES OVER TIKE.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. NEW YORK. SHELLFISH. . 210
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BALTIC SEA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. .... 211
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CANADA. MAMMAL. PCBS. SEALS. .216
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA.
MAMMAL. PORPOISES ............... 226
GRGANCCHLORINES. CARIBBEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION,
GULF OF MEXICO. IDOE. 230
ORGANCCHLORINES. CARIBBEAN. GULF OF MEXICO. PLANKTON. . .232
QRGANOCHLORINES. CANADA. COMMON TERNS. EGGS.
FUNGICIDES. HCB. 237
ORGANCCHLORINES. FISHEATING BIRDS. PARASITES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE .... 248
GRGANOCHLORINES. BIRD. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FARALLCN ISLANDS. FISHEATING BIRD. MURRE. ....... .250
QRGANOCHLORINES. EVERGLADES. FLORIDA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEDIMENT . 274
ORGANCCHLORINES. ADSORPTION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
POLYMER CROSS LINKED. SEAWATER. ... . . .275
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ATLANTIC OCEAN.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. PLANKTON .... 276
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. BIROS. DDE. EGGSHELL.
ENDOCRINOLOGY. PARATHYROID HORMONE. THINNING. 280
GRGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. DUCKS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. WINGS 286
ORGANCCHLORINES. FISH.
MATICNAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PROG . .293
ORGANOCHLORINES. GREAT BRITAIN. SEALS. .... 294
ORGANOCHLQRINES. CHANGES OVER TIME. EGGSHELL CHANGES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. RAPTORIAL BIRDS. REVIEW. . . 295
278
-------
QRGANCCHLORINES. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GREAT BRITAIN. MAMMAL. SEALS. ...... ........ 299
GRGANOCHLORINES. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MAMMALS. SCOTLAND. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ....... . . .3CO
ORGANCCHLORINES. BIRDS. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. WILDLIFE. . 3C8
QRGANOCHLORINES. COST BENEFIT. ECOSYSTEMS.
INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY. SYNERGISM. WORKSHOP ...... . . 315
ORGANOCHLORINES. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLQGY. FISH.
SALMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .. .............. 317
ORGANCCHLORINES. BIRD KILLS. CALIFORNIA.
FISHEATING BIRDS. INSECTICIDES. OREGON .......... 348
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. HUMIC SUBSTANCES.
MODIFYING FACTOR. REVIEW. ....... ......... 354
QRGANOCHLORINES. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. OSMOREGULATION.
PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ................ .355
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. 8IQMAGNIFICAT ION.
CHANGES OVER TIME. FOOD CHAIN. HUDSON RIVER. SECIMENT, . 358
ORGANOCHLCRINES. FISHEATING BIRD. GERMANY.
WHITE TAILED EAGLE. ...;....... ....... .363
ORGANOCHLORINES. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FUNGICIDES.
HC8. NETHERLANDS. POPULATION DECLINE, . ...... . . .366
ORGANOCHLORINES. BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIROS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
REPRODUCTION ........... ...... ...... 369
QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. EVERGLADE KITES.
WHOOPING CRANES. ...... .............. 372
URGANCCHLORINES. MARINE PRODUCTIVITY.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. REVIEW. ............ • -
ORGANOCHLORINES. ALASKA. BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE FALCONS .................... 38A
QRGANCCHLORINES. BIRDS. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
FLORIDA ............... • ......... 386
ORGANOCHLORINES. CHESAPEAKE BAY. SURFACE SLICKS ..... 4C3
ORGANCCHLORINES. ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. HUMAN DIET.
MIREX. MONITORING. SEAFOOD ...... ......... .4C6
279
-------
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ALABAMA. SHELLFISH ..... » 414
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OCT. OIELDRIN. METHCXYCHLOR .
SYNERGISM. TRCUT. . , ......... ........ ,417
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES. GROWTH. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
PLANKTON. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS ................ 424
GRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. MODEL. . ...... .... .420
ORGAKCCHLORINE. BACTERIA. CHEMOTAXIS. MICROORGANISMS.
PREDATION. .... ...... . • ......... • • 434
GRGAKGCHLQRINE PESTICICES. CALIFORNIA.
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. SEDIMENT. SYNERGISM ......... 436
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES. BHC. EGGS. FISHEATING BIROS.
GREAT BRITAIN. ........... ........ .. 438
ORGANCCHLQRINES. B IOACCUMULAT ION. BIGM AGNI F 1C AT ICN .
CONTROVERSY. FOOD CHAIN ...... . ......... , ,
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES. AUTOPSY DATA. BALC EAGLES.
FISHESTING BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MORTALITY. . .446
ORGANCCHLORINES. BIOMAGN IFICATI ON. CALIFORNIA. ..... 447
ORGANCCHLORINES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MARINE ORGANISMS. RECOHMENDEC RESEARCH. REVIEW. SCEP.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT. ........'..... .453
ORGANOCHLORINES. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. EVERGLADES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. FLORIDA ....... ... ...... 472
ORGANCCHLORINES. FAO CONFERENCE. MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. ...... .476
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BREAKDOWN. METABOLISM.
SEDIMENT. ......... .............. .477
ORGANCCHLCRINES. FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR. PCES.
TROPHIC LEVEL. TROUT. UPTAKE. ... ........ „. .480
URGANCCHLORINES. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. GUILLEMCTS.
SIGNIFICANCE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE ....... . 484
ORGANCCHLORINES. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. POST MCRTEM.
PUFFINS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .. ......... .. .485
ORGANCCHLORINES. BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS.
CHANGES OVER TIME. GREAT BRITAIN. GREBE. POPULATION. . . 5C6
280
-------
ORGANOCHLORINES. BALD EAGLE. BIRD.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 519
ORGANOCHLGRINES. BIRDS. FISH. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
PACIFIC. REVIEW. TRANSPORT. 526
QRGANCCHLQRINES. MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING SYSTEMS.
OVERVIEW. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. TRANSPORT 530
ORGANOCHLORINES. BYSSUS FORMATION. GROWTH.
INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL. MYTILUS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... 536
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND.
PLANKTON. PRODUCTIVITY. SKELETOGENESIS.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT .552
GRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BIOACCUMULATION. PLANKTON.
SURFACE SLICKS 553
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. MAMMALS. OTTERS.
SEALS 556
ORGANOCHLORINES. CARBAMATES. METABOLISM.
MICROORGANISMS. PLANKTON. SURC. .... .560
QRGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. DCT.
MAMMALS. PENGUINS. SEALS. .......... .563
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. FISH. MASSACHUSETTS.
MIGRATION. WINTER FLOUNDER .564
URGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS,
PERSISTENCE. UPTAKE ...... 569
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATES.
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. .... . . 588
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. FISH.
MAMMAL. .5S4
ORGANOCHLORINES. EFFECTS IN WATER. EPA. PESTICIDES.
REPORT TO STATES. REVIEW, .........•••••• -6C2
ORGANOCHLORINES. 8HC. CANADA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 613
ORGANCCHLORINES. INVERTEBRATES. PROGRESS REPORT.
TRANSLOCATIQN. VIRGINIA. ..... ..... 616
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. AVIAN TOXICITY. BIRDS. EGGS.
GREAT BRITAIN. 622
281
-------
ORGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GOOSANDERS. MERGANSERS. SCOTLAND. .... . . -623
GRGANCCHLORINES, MANGROVE. TRANSLOCATICN. UPTAKE. . . . .627
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. BARNACLE CONTROL. BHC.
FOULING. . 633
ORGANCCHLORINES. BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING 641
ORGANOCHLORINES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GREAT BRITAIN. PLANKTON 646
ORGANOCHLORINES. ATLANTIC. FOOD CHAINS. PLANKTON.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE 650
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ECOSYSTEM. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT 658
ORGANCCHLORINES. CANADA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. .662
QRGANCCHLGRINES. CANADA. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. .667
ORGANCPHOSPHATES. GALVESTON BAY. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. OYSTERS. TEXAS. WATER ICO
ORGANCPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMCLCGY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW 122
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. ENZYMCLOGY. FISHES. INVERTEBRATES. . . .123
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. FOREST PEST CONTROL. NEWFOUNDLAND.
SALMON. SUMITHION. TROUT .281
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH.
POLLUTION MONITORING . .305
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. CHEMORECEPTION, FISH. PARATHICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ... .356
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. MALATHION. SALMON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TROUT ........ SCI
ORGANOPHOSPHATES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS.
WILDLIFE .558
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. ETHION. METABOLISM. SEDIMENTS 559
ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE. PARATHION. PERSISTENCE.
SOIL. TRANSPORT 580
282
-------
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATES.
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. ....... .588
ORGANCPHOSPHATES. INVERTEBRATE. OYSTERS. REPRODUCTION.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT ..... . ..... . ........ ,596
ORGANOPHOSPHATES. ACETYLCHOL INESTERASE . BRAIN.
ENZYHCLQGY. FISH. MONITORING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .644
OSMOREGULATICN. DDT. EEL. FISH. PHYSICLGGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ....... , ........ .... .318
OSMOREGULATION. DDT. ENZYMOLCGY. FISH. ORGANCCKLORINES.
PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..... .... ....... . .355
OSMOREGULATICN. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CRAB. CDT.
GROWTH. INVERTEBRATE. MIREX .............. ; 380
OSMOREGULATICN. CATIONS. DOT. ENZYMOLCGY. INVERTEBRATE.'
SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ............... 460
OSPREY. DDT. NORTHEASTERN US. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . . .011
OSPREYS. BIRDS. DDT. ..... ...... ..... . . 012
OTTERS. CALIFORNIA. MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SEALS. ........ ...... .. ...... ... 556
OVERVIEW. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. LOUISIANA.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ... ......... ... 044
OVERVIEW. ALDRIN. DDT. USDI. WATER QUALITY. WATERFCVsL,
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. .. ................ 067
OVERVIEW. MARINE ANIMALS. PESTICIDES.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS.
TOXICITY CRITERIA. .......... ......... 074
OVERVIEW. FISH. HERBICIDES. OYSTERS. PLANKTON. SHRIMP. . 075
OVERVIEW. DDT. FIXATION IN ESTUARIES. FLORIDA.
MONITORING. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ..... .- ..... • •
OVERVIEW. DISTRIBUTION IN ESTUARY. PESTICIDES. ..... 079
OVERVIEW. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. DDT.
ESTUARINE FAUNA. MONITORING. SHELLFISH ...... ... .081
OVERVIEW. CHANGES OVER TIME. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SHELLFISH. ..... . ...... » .......... °86
283
-------
OVERVIEW. BICASSAY. INDICATOR ORGANISMS. MONITORING, . . 087
OVERVIEW. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. VIETNAM . .114
OVERVIEW. EPA. PESTICIDES. . .117
OVERVIEW. DOT. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. TCXICITY 126
OVERVIEW. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. MONITORING.
PESTICIDES. TCXICITY .160
OVERVIEW. ASSESSING EFFECTS. PESTICIDES. ........ 162
OVERVIEW. COASTAL ENVIRONMENT. PESTICIDE RESIDUES. ... 163
OVERVIEW. EPA. NATIONAL PESTICIDE MONITORING PRCG. ... 167
OVERVIEW. 8ICMAGNIFICATICN. FISH. FOOD CHAIN.
PESTICIDES. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES. .... .169
OVERVIEW. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. RESEARCH NEEDS. TOXICITY. .175
OVERVIEW. FISH KILLS. PESTICIDES. . .178
OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE. SPECIATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........... .202
OVERVIEW. ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES. HEALTH EFFECTS.
HERBICIDES .224
OVERVIEW. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. ..... .240
OVERVIEW. CHANGES OVER TIME. CHEMICALS. OCEANS.
TRANSPORT. ...... ........... 241
OVERVIEW. POLLUTANTS. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS.
SEDIMENT. TRANSPORT. 334
OVERVIEW. BIRDS. DDE. FISHEATING BIROS. PCBS. RAPTORS. . 347
OVERVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. FOOD SUPPLY.
MARINE POLLUTION. ........ ... .351
OVERVIEW. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. ... 411
OVERVIEW. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PESTICIDES.
RESEARCH NEEDS. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . 455
OVERVIEW. ESTUARIES. PESTICIDE POLLUTION. ... 470
284
-------
OVERVIEW. BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR. EGGSHELL THINNING.
ENZYMCLOGY. PESTICIDES. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ..... .489
OVERVIEW. MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING SYSTEMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. TRANSPORT. . .530
OVERVIEW. CANADA. FAQ CONFERENCE.
GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. PESTICIDES ..... ...... .5S7
OVERVIEW. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PESTICIDES.
RECOMMENDATIONS. REPORT. . . .............. 6C4
OVERVIEW. BEHAVIOR. DDT. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES. FCCC CHAIN.
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. TRANSPORT. ......... ..... 653
OVERVIEW. ECOSYSTEM. OCEAN CHEMISTRY. TEMPORAL CHANGES. .654
OVERVIEW. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MODEL. ..... 655
OVERVIEW. ECOSYSTEM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
TRANSPORT. ....... ..... . .......... 658
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. DNP . INVERTEBRATES. OYSTERS.
SEA URCHINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ........ .595
OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. ....... ......... . . .149
OXYGEN EVOLUTION. DIURON. HERBICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . ......... .... ,307
OYSTER. DDT. SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. . . 064
OYSTER. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GULF OF MEXICC.
MONITORING. ORGANOCHLORINES. SOUTH ATLANTIC. ...... 068
OYSTER. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. PC8S. SHELLFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ... ............ 3S5
OYSTER CULTURE. DIATOMS. PESTICIDES. TOXICITY. ..... 457
OYSTERS. FISH. HERBICIDES. OVERVIEW. PLANKTON. SHRIMP. . 075
OYSTERS. CHANGES OVER TIME. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES.
SHELLFISH. .. ........... •• ...... • • °86
OYSTERS. DIELCRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PESTICIDES.
TOXAPHENE. TOXICITY. ....... ............
OYSTERS. GALVESTON BAY. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. TEXAS.
WATER .......... . ............... ICO
285
-------
OYSTERS. MOBILE BAY. ORGANQCHLORINE PESTICIDES
OYSTERS. AUSTRALIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
QRGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . . .......... ... 110
OYSTERS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. ........<• .397
OYSTERS. FISHES. PC8S. SHRIMP. UPTAKE .......... 482
OYSTERS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
UPTAKE ................. ........ .483
OYSTERS. LOUISIANA. PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT. ....... ,541
OYSTERS. DNP. INVERTEBRATES. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.
SEA URCHINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ........ .5S5
OYSTERS. INVERTEBRATE. ORGANCPHCSPHATES. REPRODUCTION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ............... .....
OYSTERS. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE ..... 619
OYSTERS. BARNACLE CONTROL. OCT. FOULING ......... 632
OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. POLYSTREAH. PREDATOR CONTROL.
SEVIN. VIRGINIA. .......... ........ . . 649
PACIFIC OCEAN. FISHES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LIVERS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SEAFOOD. ........ . ....... 165
PACIFIC. CROVifc CF THORNS. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION. SEASTAR .................. 418
PACIFIC. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLCRINES .
MARINE ORGANISMS. OCEANOGRAPHY. TRANSPORT ....... . 478
PACIFIC. BIRDS. FISH. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW. TRANSPORT. .......... .526
PACIFIC. BIRCS. DCT. FISHEATING BIRDS. INVERTEBRATES.
MARINE FOOD CHAINS .................... 531
PACIFIC. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES ......... 586
PACIFIC. FAD CONFERENCE. FISh. FISHERY PRODUCTS.
INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. . ...... ... 587
PARAQUAT. DICUAT. HERBICIDES. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY. . . . ,034
PARASITES. FISHEATING BIRDS. QRGANOCHLOR INES.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. ...... . ...... .... 248
286
-------
PARATHION. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. LOBSTERS.
METABOLISM. TCXICITY. . ,058
PARATHION. CHEMCRECEPTION. FISH. ORGANCPHOSPHATE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .356 ,
PARATHION. ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE. PERSISTENCE.
SOIL. TRANSPORT 580
PARATHYROID HCRMCNE. BIRDS. DDE. EGGSHELL.
ENDOCRINOLOGY. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE. THINNING. . . . 280
PARTICIPATE MATTER. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FOOD CHAINS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION . . 136
PARTICIPATE MATTER. ADSORPTION. BENTHOS. DDT. SEDIMENT.
TRANSPORT 496
PC8. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
NORTH AMERICAN BIROS. RAPTORS 017
PCB. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT. GROWTH. METABOLISM.
UPTAKE. .344
PCBS. MAMMALS. NURSING FUR SEAL PUPS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ST PAUL ISLANDS. ...... .014
PCBS. BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS. DDE. EGGS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PELICANS. . . 018
PCBS. MARINE ORGANISMS. REVIEW. ... .021
PCBS. BIRO. GUILLEMOTS. IRISH SEA. ...... 023
PCBS. BALD EAGLES. GC/MASS SPEC. . 031
i i
PCBS. BIRDS. DDT. METABOLISM. PERSISTENCE. ....... 033
PCBS. FISHES. MUSSELS. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SPAIN 035
PCBS. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PESTICIDES.
WATER QUALITY 037
PC8S. AUTOPSY DATA. BALD EAGLES. DCBP. COT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. .,. .039
PCBS. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA.
PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. ..... ........... 051
PCBS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PELICAN.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS '*'
287
-------
PC8S. DDE, FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN.
GRGANCCHLQRINES. .................... 053
PCBS. ODE, OIELDRIN. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCON. . .054
PC8S. BACTERIA. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. NORTH ATLANTIC. .059
PCBS, DDT. OIELDRIN. ORGANOCKLORINES. SEWAGE.
SOLID WASTE. • . 099
PCBS. ARCTIC. MAMMALS. MONITORING. POLAR BEARS. SEALS. . 096
PCBS. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM. MIREX.
TETRAHYMENA. ........ . 118
i
PCBS. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM.
TETRAHYMENA , . 119
PCBS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SHRIMP. SYNERGISM. VIRUS. . 127
PCBS. HISTOLOGY. MIREX. SHRIMP. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
VIRUS. 128
PCBS. HISTOLOGY. SHRIMP. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . . 129
PCBS. ASHY PETREL. CALIFORNIA. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS .131
PCBS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCNS. SEDIMENT. fcATER. . .143
PCBS. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SEA LICNS. . . . . 148
PCBS. BIOTA. ESCAMBIA BAY. FLORIDA. SEDIMENT. KATER. . . 164
PCBS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. '
REVIEW 110
PCBS'. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. DDT. MARINE POLLUTION. !
OCEANS. SYMPOSIUM. SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. ......... 172
- t
PCBS. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. PLANKTON. SENSITIVITY. . . . 2C3
PCBS. GROWTH. PLANKTON. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE. .... .204
• }'
PCBS. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA. METABOLISM.
MODEL. PCP. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TRANSPORT 205
PCBS. BALTIC SEA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ....... 211
288
-------
PCBS. CANADA. MAMMAL. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICICES. SEALS. .216
PCBS. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. NETHERLANDS. PCTS. RHINE. . . .217
PCBS. HEPATITIS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM.
VIRUS INTERACTION. 219
PCBS. BAY OF FUNCY. DDT. HARBOR SEALS. MAINE. MAMMAL.
MONITORING. 227
PCBS. BAHAMAS. CORAL REEFS. CDT. GROUPERS.
GULF CF MEXICO. ........ 231
PCBS. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. OVERVIEW. ..... .,240
PCBS. 8IOMAGNIFICATION. CORMORANTS. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIROS. FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICIDES. PELICANS. . .249
PCBS. REVIEW. .254
PCBS. BIRDS. DDE. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. PESTICIDES. .257
PCBS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. MODEL.
REVIEW. TOXICITY. TRANSPORT. . 260
PCBS. COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEMS. ESTUARINE ANIMALS. .... ,264
PCBS. AROCLOR 1016. FISH. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES.
UPTAKE .267
PCBS. BIOACCUMULATION. FISHES. PERSISTENCE.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGJSM. UPTAKE. . 268
PCBS. FISH. REPRODUCTION. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ..... .269
PCBS. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISHES. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 271
I
PCBS. ATLANTIC OCEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. .......... 276
PCBS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH ATLANTIC.
OCEAN WATER 278
PCBS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH ATLANTIC.
OCEAN HATER. ....... .......... 278
PCBS. CONTAMINATION FRCM NETS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
HYDROCARBONS. MONITORING. PLANKTON. . ... .279
PCBS. DDT. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. LONGISLANC SCUND.
NEW YORK. TERNS
289
-------
PCBS. BIROS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCK. REPRODUCTION. . 292
PC8S. MARINE ENVIRONMENT. SEWAGE DISPOSAL. SOURCES.
TRANSPORT - 2S8
PCBS. FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES. INVERTEBRATE.
MONITORING. PESTICIDES. SCOTLAND. ........... .3C1
PCBS, CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE.
SANTA BARBARA. SEDIMENTS. ............... .309
PCBS. METABOLISM. TROUT. ........ 312
PCBS. BALTIC. BIRDS. DDT. MAMMAL. METABOLISM. SWEDEN. . .319
PCBS. BIRD. GULL. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .320
PCBS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. IDENTIFICATION. REVIEK. ... . .322
PCBS. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ANIMALS. . . .324
PCBS. BALTIC. DDT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC 01STRIBUT1C*. . . . .325
t
PCBS. BOAT PAINT. PLANKTON. SWEDEN 326
PCBS. ASCENSICN ISLAND. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
SOUTH ATLANTIC. . . .332
PCBS. BACTERIA. 8IOACCUMULATION. BIOCHEMISTRY. CNA.
GROWTH .341
PCBS. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH. MARINE DIATCM. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE. ,. .343
PCBS. BIRDS. CDE. FISHEATING BIRDS. OVERVIEW. RAPTORS. . 347
PCBS. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PESTICIDES.
WATER QUALITY 350
PCBS. DDT. ENZYMOLCGY. FISH. ORGANOCHLORINES.
OSMOREGULATICN. SU8LETHAL EFFECT . .355
PCBS. CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES. MORTALITY.
NETHERLANDS. POPULATION. TERN. . ... 364
PCBS. BIRDS. FISH. MOLLUSKS. NETHERLANDS. RHINE RIVER. . 345
PCBS. DESIGN. PESTICIDES. RECOMMENDATIONS.
WORLD MONITORING SYSTEM. ...... ... 376
PCBS. BIRD. METABOLISM. PHARMACOOYNAMICS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ... .......... 365
290
-------
PCBS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTER. SHELLFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ...... 395
PCBS. CROWN OF THORNS. INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC.
REPRODUCTION. SEASTAR ............. 418
PCBS. BIOASSAY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FLORIDA. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. ..................
PCBS. COMMUNITY. PHYTOPLANKTCN. .441
PCBS. GROWTH. PLANKTON. . .......... .444
PCBS. COMMUNITY. CDT. PLANKTON .445
PCBS. INVERTEBRATE. SALINITY. SHRIMP. SYNERGISf*. .... 459
PCBS. ESCAMBIA BAY. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. -SHRIMP.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY. ............. 461
PCBS. BIOACCUMULATION. ESCAMBIA BAY. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. . . 462
PCBS. ESCAMBIA BAY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HISTOLOGY. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ................... 463
PCBS. ESCAMBIA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. INVERTEBRATES.
SEDIMENT. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. ............... .465
PCBS. PRODUCTION. REVIEW. TRANSPORT 467
PCBS. FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR. ORGANOCHLGRINES.
TROPHIC LEVEL. TROUT. UPTAKE. . ... .480
PCBS. FISHES. OYSTERS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE. .... 482
PCBS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
UPTAKE. . ... .483
PCBS. BIROS. GANNETS. GREAT BRITAIN. MORTALITY.
POST MORTEM. . 486
PCBS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. OCCURRENCE.
REVIEW. TRANSPORT. • 490
PCBS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. ENVIRONMENT. REVIEW.
TOXICOLOGY. . ..... .492
PCBS. BIOMAGMFICATION. BIRDS. BREEDING SUCCESS.
FOOD CHAIN. GREAT BRITAIN. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. * 5C7
291
-------
PCBS. CONFIRMATION. WILDLIFE. 525
PC8S. BIOACCUMULATION. BIRDS. ECOSYSTEMS. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. REVIEW. ... • 528
PCBS. FISHEATING BIRDS. GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM.
PEREGRINE FALCON. POPULATION DECLINE. 532
PCBS. ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PLANKTCN.
ZGOPLANKTCN. 533
PCBS. FISH. SENSITIVE STAGE. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW. .... .547
PCBS. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MCNITORING.
SEWAGE 549
PCBS. BIRDS. COT. FAT MOBILIZATION. MIGRATION. ..... 5i7
PCBS. BIQACCUMULATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. REVIEW.
TOXICITY . .575
PCBS. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. KINETICS. METABOLISM.
REPRODUCTION. REVIEW 582
PCBS. BIRDS. HISTOLOGY. REVIEW. TOXICOLOGY. . . 618
PCBS. INVERTEBRATES. OYSTERS. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. .... 619
PCBS. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. TOXICITY 621
PCBS. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HERBICIDES. INSECTICIDES.
REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 625
PCBS, CANADA. GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. PLANKTON.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION 628
PC8S. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE.
UPTAKE 642
PCBS. INVERTEBRATE. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. UPTAKE. ... .643
PCBS. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PLANKTON. PROGRESS REPORT.
TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE ............651
PCBS. BACTERIA. GROWTH. PLANKTON. RESISTANT STRAINS.
UPTAKE. WOODS HOLE REPORT. 652
PCBS. DIBENZCCIOXINS. CIBENZCFURANS. HERBICIDES.
PHENCLS. ................ 663
PCBS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PHYSIOLOGY. REVIEW 664
292
-------
PCBS. BAY OF FUNDY. BIRDS. CANADA. EGGS. PESTICIDES. . . 665
PCBS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. CIBENZOFURANS. FISI-.
SALMCN .666
PCBS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CANADA. DIBENZODIOXINS.
QIBENZGFURANS. PCTS 668
PCNS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. SEDIMENT. fcATER. . .143
PCP. GERMICIDE. HCP. MONITORING. SE«AGE 070
PCP. FISHERIES RESEARCH EOARD OF CANADA. METABOLISM.
MCDEL. PCBS. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TRANSPORT .205
PCP. HERBICIDES. METABOLISM. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE 359
f
PCP. DETOXICATICN. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. SHELLFISH.
UPTAKE 360
PCP. CONJUGATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. SHELLFISH. . . .361
PCP. HERBICIDE. SALINITY. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. .... .362
PCTS. ANALYSIS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. ...... OC4
PCTS. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. RHINE. . . .217
PCTS. BEHAVICR. CANADA. FISH. REACTOR COOLANTS.
TERPHENYLS. TROUT 255
PCTS. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CANADA. DIBENZODIQXINS.
DIBENZOFURANS. PCBS 668
PCTS. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. EGGS. GULLS 669
PELICAN. AUSTRALIA. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LOUISIANA. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
SOUTH CAROLINA .048
PELICAN. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRD. FLORIDA. SOUTH CAROLINA. . 049
PELICAN. CALIFORNIA. DDT. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SOUTH CAROLINA. ......... .050
PELICAN. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA.
PCBS. SOUTH CAROLINA. ...,......••••••- -051
PELICAN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS - .052
293
-------
PELICAN. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA.
SOUTH CAROLINA. X-RAY DIFFRACTION. . . ...... ... 245
PELICAN. DOT. DUCK. EGGS. METABOLISM. .... ..... .371
PELICANS. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. OGLOGICAL DATA,
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ....... ... ..... - - . .016
r
PELICANS. BREEDING SUCCESS. CANADA. CORMORANTS. DDE.
EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NORTH CENTRAL US. PC8S. . 018
PELICANS. BICKAGNIFICATION. CORMORANTS. EGGS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. INSECTICIDES. PC8S. ... .249
PELICANS. CONTROVERSY. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. ..... 285
PELICANS. CONTROVERSY. ODE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS .......... ........ .592
PENGUINS. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. DOT. MAMMALS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEALS. . . ..... .... .563
PENNSYLVANIA. DUCKS. NEW YORK. PESTICIDES.
TRIAL MONITORING. MINGS. .. ........ . ..... 288
PEREGRINE FALCON. DDE. DIELDRIN. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS. . .054
PEREGRINE FALCON. ALASKA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. . ..... ... ......... 091
PEREGRINE FALCON. ALASKA. DDT, PESTICIDES. ....... 092
PEREGRINE FALCON. CANADA. EGGS. FOOD CHAIN.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ............... 189
PEREGRINE FALCON. ALASKA. CANADA.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. YUKON. . . . . ...... , ,190
PEREGRINE FALCON. DDT. GREAT BRITAIN. PESTICIDES.
POST MORTENS. RAPTORS. ................. 321
PEREGRINE FALCONS. ALASKA. BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN.
MIGRATION. ORGANCCHLORINES. ... ........ ... .384
PEREGRINE FALCON. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE. EGG.
HISTCRIC CHANGES. ... ............... .
PEREGRINE FALCON. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING.
GREAT BRITAIN. HISTORIC CHANGES. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. . , 512
PEREGRINE FALCON. MORTALITY. PESTICIDE POISONING. . . . .521
294
-------
PEREGRINE FALCON. FISHEATING BIROS. GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM.
PCBS. POPULATION DECLINE 532
PEREGRINE POPULATION. ALASKA. ALEUTIAN ISLANDS. BIRD.
ODE. MIGRATION.
PEREGRINE. CHANGES OVER TIME. FALCON.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
POPULATION DECLINE 513
PERSISTENCE. BIOOEGRADATION. HYDROCARBONS.
MOLECULAR RECALCITRANCE. NITROGEN COMPOUNDS . 010
PERSISTENCE. BIRDS. DDT. METABOLISM. PCBS. ....... 033
PERSISTENCE. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. FOOD CHAIN 138
PERSISTENCE. DREDGING. GEORGIA. SEDIMENTS. TCXAPHENE. . .166
PERSISTENCE. CONTROVERSY. DDT. . . . 1?4
PERSISTENCE. EIOACCUMULATION. FISHES. PCBS.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE 268
PERSISTENCE. CAR8AMATE. CAR8ARYL. DEGRADATION.
PESTICIDES .335
PERSISTENCE. FISH. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES.
LATENT EFFECTS. MIREX. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ....... .396
PERSISTENCE. DIAZINON. DURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
FIELD STUDY. TOXICITY 4C5
PERSISTENCE. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. HALFLIFE ESTIMATION.
TROUT. ................ 407
PERSISTENCE. BICMAGNIFICATION.
ORGANCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW. UPTAKE .426
PERSISTENCE. DEGRADATION. PESTICIDES. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT • 427
PERSISTENCE. FOOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. TRANSPORT .544
PERSISTENCE. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. UPTAKE 569
PERSISTENCE. CRGANCPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE. PARATHION.
SOIL. TRANSPORT 580
295
-------
PERSISTENCE. EIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY. UPTAKE. . - - 584
PERSISTENCE. EHC . HCH. METABOLISM. SEA WATER 637
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. AGRICULTURAL LAND.
MODEL. PESTICIDE, RUNOFF. TRANSPORT.
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS - . 032
PESTICIDE RESIDUES. COASTAL ENVIRONMENT. OVERVIEW. ... 163
PESTICIDE USE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS. TRANSPORT. . 176
PESTICIDE REVIEW. PRODUCTION DATA 214
PESTICIDE LEVELS. CENTRAL AMERICA. FISH. FISH KILL.
GUATEMALA. INVERTEBRATES. ............... .345
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRI8UTICN.
POLLUTION POTENTIAL. PRODUCTION. TRANSPORT. ...... .373
PESTICIDE POLLUTION. ESTUARIES. OVERVIEW. ....... .470
PESTICIDE STUCY SERIES. ABSTRACTS, EPA.
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS. PESTICIDES. RESEARCH CATALOG. .516
PESTICIDE POISONING. MORTALITY. PEREGRINE FALCCN. ... .521
PESTICIDE. AGRICULTURAL LAND. MODEL.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. RUNOFF. TRANSPORT.
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS 032
PESTICIDE. ALEWIFE. ANADROMOUS FISH. TRANSPORT 036
PESTICIDE. 8ICLCGICAL EFFECTS. CALIFORNIA.
MONTEREY BAY. RUNOFF .256
PESTICIDE. BICMAGNIFICATION. METABOLISM. MCDEL 432
PESTICIDE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. MARINE ORGANISES.
REVIEW 479
PESTICIDE. EMBRYOS. FISH. RESPIRATION. 2 4 DNP 577
PESTICIDES. SUP WRECK. SPAIN. 024
PESTICIDES. FCOD CHAIN. POPULATION. REVIEW.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE 034
PESTICIDES. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PCBS.
WATER QUALITY 037
296
-------
PESTICIDES. MARINE ANIMALS. OVERVIEW.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
TCXICITY CRITERIA ........... .... ..... 074
PESTICIDES. DCT. ESTUARINE PCLLUTION. MARINE ANIMALS.
MONITORING ................. , ...... 078
PESTICIDES. DISTRIBUTION IN ESTUARY. OVERVIEW. ..... 079
PESTICIDES. GROWTH. SHELLFISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. , . . .082
PESTICIDES. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING. TRANSPORT. .083
PESTICIDES. BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MCNITORING.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. . . ..... .084
PESTICIDES. CHANGES OVER TIME. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS.
SHELLFISH ...... ........... ....... 086
PESTICIDES. CIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. CYSTERS.
TCXAPHENE. TCXICITY ...... , ..... ....*.. 090
PESTICIDES. ALASKA. DDT. PEREGRINE FALCON ...... . . 092
PESTICIDES. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PH STUDIES.
POLLUTANTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SHELLFISH. ..... .093
PESTICIDES. AGUATIC FAUNA AND FLORA. REVIEW. SOURCES.
WATER QUALITY. ... ........ . ....... . . 1C7
PESTICIDES. FAO. FISHERIES. LIVING RESOURCES.
NORTH SEA. PLANNING, TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. ....... 113
PESTICIDES. COASTAL MARSKLANCS. CRUSTACEA.
INVERTEBRATES. MALATHION. MOSQUITO CONTROL. TEXAS. ... 115
PESTICIDES. EPA. OVERVIEW. .... ..... ...... 117
PESTICIDES. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ...... 121
PESTICIDES. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATES.
MOLLUSKS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM .......... 146
PESTICIDES. OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PLANKTON.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION ..... • .............
PESTICIDES. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. MCNITORING.
OVERVIEW. TOXICITY. ..... • • • • • ••••••••
PESTICIDES. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
EPA GULF BREEZE LABORATORY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
PROGRESS REPORT ...... ..... .......... 161
297
-------
PESTICIDES. ASSESSING EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. .....,..*. 1*2
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. MONITORING. WILDLIFE .... 168
PESTICIDES. BIGMAGNIFICATION. FISH. FOOD CHAIN.
OVERVIEW. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESIDUES .169
PESTICIDES. FISH KILLS. OVERVIEW. ............ 178
PESTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION.
ESTUARINE FISH. FISH. KUMMICHOG. SYNERGISM. ....... .180
PESTICIDES. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. STRESS PROFILES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. .......... 183
PESTICIDES. OVERVIEW. RESISTANCE. SPECIATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........... 2C2
PESTICIDES. BIRD. FISHEATING BIRD. IBIS. MORTALITY.
TEXAS. 207
PESTICIDES. DDT. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. SU8LETHAL EFFECT.
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. TROUT. ... .225
PESTICIDES. DDT. PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS.
RESISTANCE. REVIEW .229
PESTICIDES. ACTIVITY. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH 8RAIN.
MORTALITY. .233
PESTICIDES. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. ENVIRONMENT. SYMPOSIUM. . 238
PESTICIDES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MODEL. TRANSPORT. . 239
PESTICIDES. CCNFERENCE. FAO. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
MEDITERRANEAN. POLLUTION .252
PESTICIDES. ENZYMGLOGY, FIDDLER CRAB. FISH.
INVERTEBRATE. TROUT 253
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. DDE. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING, PCBS. .257
PESTICIDES. CCNFERENCE. FAO, MARINE ORGANISMS.
POLLUTANTS. REVIEW .258
PESTICIDES. LOUISIANA. SHELLFISH. . 259
PESTICIDES. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ......... .2€2
PESTICIDES. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH. KOSQUITCFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 266
298
-------
PESTICIDES. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. SHRIHP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 270
PESTICIDES. CATFISH. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION. MIREX.
MISSISSIPPI 283
PESTICIDES. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. DUCKS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. WINGS 287
PESTICIDES. DUCKS. NEW YORK. PENNSYLVANIA.
TRIAL MONITORING. WINGS 288
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS.
SPECIES SENSITIVITY. . , 230
PESTICIDES. FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES.
INVERTEBRATE. MONITORING. PCBS. SCOTLAND. ....... ,3C1
PESTICIDES^ PHENOL. PLASTIC WASTE. REVIEW. SALKCN.
TROUT. 3C2
PESTICIDES. FISH. RESISTANCE. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS .303
PESTICIDES. FISH. RESISTANCE. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. 3C4
PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. FISH KILLS .311
PESTICIDES. DCT. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCON.
POST MCRTEMS. RAPTORS 321
PESTICIDES. FISHES. REVIEW. .............. .327
PESTICIDES. DUCKS. MIGRATING POPULATIONS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 330
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. COOTS. EGGS. IOWA. TEAL. ...... .331
PESTICIDES. CJRBAMATE. CARBARYL. DEGRADATION.
PERSISTENCE 335
PESTICIDES. REVIEW - 337
PESTICIDES. ANTARCTIC. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
REVIEW. TOXIC WASTES • • * «338
PESTICIDES. CANADA. DDT. SALKON.
SPRUCE BUDWORP CONTROL. ...... .... .339
PESTICIDES. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FCOC CHAIN.
FOREST SPRAYING. SALMON 340
299
-------
PESTICIDES. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PCBS.
WATER QUALITY * 350
PESTICIDES. BCOK. METABOLISM. SURVIVAL. SYMPOSIUM. ... 352
PESTICIDES. FISH. STRIPED BASS. TQXICITY . .368
PESTICIDES. CORMORANTS. FOOD CHAIN.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAINE. MIGRATION. ....... 370
PESTICIDES. DESIGN. PCBS. RECOMMENDATIONS.
WORLD MONITORING SYSTEM. 376
PESTICIDES. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. . 397
PESTICIDES. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. REVIEW.
TERMINAL RESIDUES 413
PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. .... .419
PESTICIDES. REVIEW .421
PESTICIDES. METABOLISM. REVIEW 425
PESTICIDES. DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT 427
PESTICIDES. METABOLISM. REVIEW. UPDATE. ........ .428
PESTICIDES. ECOSYSTEM. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. MODEL. . , ,431
PESTICIDES. REVIEW .433
PESTICIDES. FISH. PHENOLS. POPULATION CHANGES. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ...... 435
PESTICIDES. FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. REVIEW. . . 437
PESTICIDES. BIOASSAY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FLORIDA. PCBS.
PLANKTON. .... ......... .440
PESTICIDES. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. FISH.
MARYLAND. MOLLUSKS. VIRGINIA 448
PESTICIDES. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. OVERVIEW.
RESEARCH NEEDS. WATER CUALITY CRITERIA 455
PESTICIDES. ESTUARIES. FOOD CHAIN. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . . 456
PESTICIDES. CIATCMS. OYSTER CULTURE. TOXICITY 457
300
-------
PESTICIDES. FUTURE OUTLOOK. IMPACT. POPULAR OVERVIEW. . .458
PESTICIDES. FAO CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PLANKTON. REVIEW, STIMULATORY EFFECTS. UPTAKE SYSTEMS, . 468
PESTICIDES. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. M ICROORGAMSMS.
PLANKTON. TRANSFORMATION 467
PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PUGET SOUND. RV CNAR.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. SYOPS. WASHINGTON. .... 488
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR.
EGGSHELL THINNING. ENZYMOLOGY. OVERVIEW.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 489
PESTICIDES. BENTHIC EFFECTS. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDUSTRIAL AN'C DOMESTIC. POLLUTION .493
PESTICIDES. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. NON TARGET SPECIES.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. REVIEW 4S7
PESTICIDES. COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEM. IMPACT. REVIEW 4<58
PESTICIDES. BIRCS. EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN.
HISTORIC CHANGES. PEREGRINE FALCON. REVIEW. ...... .512
PESTICIDES. ABSTRACTS. EPA. OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS.
PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES. RESEARCH CATALOG. . 516
PESTICIDES. DOT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TRANSPORT. . . 529
PESTICIDES. LOUISIANA. OYSTERS. SEDIMENT .541
PESTICIDES. HAZARD. REVIEW. WILDLIFE. . .543
PESTICIDES. FCOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE.
PERSISTENCE. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. TRANSPORT. ....... 544
PESTICIDES. ENDRIN. FISH KILL. MORTALITY. NAEAM.
SALMCNIDS. STREAM POLLUTION. . 546
PESTICIDES. ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
LOWER ATMOSPHERE. TRANSPORT 554
PESTICIDES. BEHAVIOR. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT.
MORTALITY. POPULATION. REVIEW. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS 581
PESTICIDES. BEHAVIOR. BREEDING SUCCESS. FISH.
FISHEATING BIRDS. REVIEW .583
PESTICIDES. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC. ........ 586
301
-------
PESTICIDES. FAO CONFERENCE. FISH. FISHERY PRODUCTS.
INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC. SHELLFISH. 5S7
PESTICIDES. CANADA. FAC CONFERENCE.
GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. OVERVIEW. 597
PESTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS. HANDBOOK.
WILDLIFE. '. . .598
PESTICIDES. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. . . 6CO
PESTICIDES. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. HERBICIDES. PLANKTON.
TEST CULTURES , . 6C1
PESTICIDES. EFFECTS IN WATER. EPA, ORGANOCHLORINES.
REPORT TO STATES. REVIEW. .6G2
PESTICIDES. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. OVERVIEW.
RECOMMENDATIONS. REPORT 6C4
PESTICIDES. FISH. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.
PROGRESS REPORT. WILDLIFE. ....... 605
PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. WILDLIFE RESOURCES 607
PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. REPRODUCTION. WILCLIFE. . . 6C8
PESTICIDES. ESTUARIES. MONITORING. REPORT. VIRGINIA. . . 617
PESTICIDES. ACCUMULATION. HYDROBIONT. ......... .620
PESTICIDES. PC8S. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. TOXICITY. ..... 621
PESTICIDES. BEHAVIOR. FISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .629
PESTICIDES. CARDIAC MALFORMATION. DEVELOPMENT.
KILLIFISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ... 636
PESTICIDES. BOOK. ENVIRONMENT. SYNERGISK 647
PESTICIDES. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MAMMAL. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. WHALES 648
PESTICIDES. OYSTERS. POLYSTREAM. PREDATOR CONTROL.
SEVIN. VIRGINIA. „ , . 649
PESTICIDES. BAY OF FUNDY. BIRDS. CANADA. EGGS. PCBS. . . 665
PETREL. BIRDS. DDT. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .659
302
-------
PH STUDIES. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PESTICIDES.
POLLUTANTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SHELLFISH. ..... .093
PHARKACODYNAMICS. BIRD. METABOLISM. PCBS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. .... ........ 385
PHENCL. PESTICIDES. PLASTIC WASTE. REVIEW. SALKCN.
TROUT. . . 3C2
PHENCL. FISH KILL. POST MORTEM IDENTIFICATION. SEWAGE. . 336
PHENCL. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DDT. DIELCRIN. FISH.
HAWAII. LINOANE. ......... .... 469
PHENCL. FAQ CONFERENCE. FISH. HERBICIDES.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES. ... SCO
PHENCL. BEHAVIOR. BURROWING. INVERTEBRATE.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. 585
PHENCLS. FISH. PESTICIDES. POPULATION CHANGES. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .... .435
PHENCLS. CYANIDES. FISH. FISH KILL.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. SALMONIDS. TOXIC ZONES. 568
PHENCLS. DIBENZCDIOXINS. DIBENZOFURANS. HERBICIDES.
PCBS .663
PHENYLALANINE. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. TROUT . .422
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. DDT. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECT. PLANKTON,
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. . .4C1
PHOTCSYNTHESIS. GROWTH. ORGANQCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 424
PHOTCSYNTHESIS. CARBAMATE. INVERTEBRATES.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. ORGANOPHOSPHATE 588
PHOTCSYNTHESIS. ALGAE. GROWTH. HERBICIDES.
PRODUCTIVITY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... ... .624
PHOTCSYNTHESIS. DDT. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 657
PHTHALATE ESTERS. HEALTH. REVIEW. TOXICITY 030
PHTHALATE ESTERS. BIRDS. DUCK. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . . .040
PHTHALATE ESTERS. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA.
METABOLISM. MCDEL. PCBS. PCP. TRANSPORT , . . . 2C5
303
-------
PHTHALATE ESTERS. DUMPING. ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION. NATURAL OCCURRENCE. REVIEW. . .412
PHTHALATE ESTERS. FISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TROUT 416
PHTHALATE ESTERS. FRESHWATER. INVERTEBRATES.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. UPTAKE. ... . . .545
PHTHALATE ESTERS. CALIFORNIA. CONFIRMATION.
SAN FRANCISCO BAY 562
PHTHALATE ESTERS. CANADA. FISH. HUMAN FCOD. METABOLISM. ,645
PHTHALATES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW ENGLAND. . . . .296
PHTHALATES. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. MODEL. UPTAKE 429
PHTHALATES, FULVIC ACID. TRANSPORT. . .474
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. GULF OF MEXICO .124
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. FRESHWATER ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. .328
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. OVERVIEW. . . . 411
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. AQUATIC ORGANISMS. FRESHWATER.
TOXICOLOGY. TROUT 415
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. FISH. FRESHWATER. METABOLISM. . . .574
PHYSIOLOGY. LAMPRICIDE. SEA LAMPREY. SUELETHAL EFFECTS. .OC6
PHYSIOLOGY. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY.
FISH. INSECTICIDES. PUFFERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .... .177
PHYSIOLOGY. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENDRIN.
INSECTICIDE. PUFFER. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ......... 184
PHYSIOLOGY. INSECTICIDES. METAL CONTENT. MOLLUSK.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. . . , . .186
PHYSIOLOGY. DDE. DUCK. SALT GLAND. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 218
PHYSIOLOGY. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENDRIN. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
TROUT 246
PHYSIOLOGY. DIURON. HERBICIDES. OXYGEN EVOLUTION.
PLANKTON. SU6LETHAL EFFECT .3C7
PHYSIOLOGY. DDT. EEL. FISH. CSMOREGULATIQN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT 318
304
-------
PHYSIOLOGY. BIRD. GULL. PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... .320
PHYSIOLOGY. BIOCHEMISTRY. HOC-CHOKER. SUELETHAL EFFECTS.
WHITE PERCH. . ............... ..... .442
PHYSIOLOGY. ESCAMBIA BAY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HISTOLOGY. PCBS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........ ........... 463
PHYSIOLOGY. BOOK. CONFERENCE. MARINE ORGANISMS.
POLLUTION .............. . ......... 615
PHYSIOLOGY. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PCBS. REVIEW ........ ... ,664
PHYTCPLANKTON. COMMUNITY. PC8S. ....... ..... .441
PLANKTON. FISH. HERBICIDES. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS. SHRIMP. . 075
PLANKTON. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH ........ . .134
PLANKTON. DDT. FOOD CHAINS. UPTAKE. . .......... 135
PLANKTON. CIRCULATION. DDT. DEGRADATION. ECOSYSTEM.
MODEL. TRANSPORT. ... ..... . ........... 140
PLANKTON. OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PESTICIDES.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION ....... ... ..... .... .149
PLANKTON. CRABS. DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
INVERTEBRATE. NORTH CAROLINA. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....
PLANKTON. GROWTH. METABOLISM. NTA. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . 195
PLANKTON. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. PCBS. SENSITIVITY. . . . 203
PLANKTON. GROWTH. PCBS. SYNERGISM. TEMPERATURE. .... .204
PLANKTON. CARIBBEAN. GULF OF MEXICO. ORGANOCHLOR INES. . .232
PLANKTON. ATLANTIC OCEAN. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. ..... - ..... • 276
PLANKTON. CHANGES OVER TIME. NORTH ATLANTIC ....... 277
PLANKTON. CONTAMINATION FROM NETS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HYDROCARBONS. MONITORING.
PCBS ......... ... .......... .... .279
PLANKTON. DIURON. HERBICIDES. OXYGEN EVOLUTION.
PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ........ ...... .307
305"
-------
PLANKTON. MARINE ORGANISMS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC WASTES ...... .......... .310
PLANKTON. BOAT PAINT. PC8S. SWEDEN. .......... .326
PLANKTON. BIOACCUMULATION. OCT. MARINE DIATOMS.
METABOLISM. UPTAKE. .......... ......... 342
PLANKTON. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH, MARINE DIATOM. PC8S.
UPTAKE ..... ..... ..... .......... .343
PLANKTON. DDT. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. UPTAKE. ... ......... ... .401
PLANKTON. GROWTH. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ...........
PLANKTON. BIOASSAY. DDT. DIELDRIN. FLORIDA. PCES.
PESTICIDES. ...... ..... . ....... ... ,440
PLANKTON. GROWTH. PCBS. ........ . ..... ,. .444
PLANKTON. COMMUNITY. OCT. PCBS .......... ... .445
PLANKTON. FAO CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. STIMULATORY EFFECTS.
UPTAKE SYSTEMS. ....... . ..... . ....... 468
PLANKTON. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
PESTICIDES. TRANSFORMATION ..... . ..... .... .487
PLANKTON. PESTICIDES. PUGET SOUND. RV ONAR.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. SYOPS. WASHINGTON. ......... 488
PLANKTON. AZIRIDINE. CHEMQSTERILANTS. GROWTH.
INSECTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ............. .5C4
PLANKTON. ALGAE. DIELDRIN. FATS. METABOLISM ....... 524
PLANKTON. ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCES.
ZOOPLANKTON ..... ...... ......... ... 533
PLANKTON. ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PRODUCTIVITY.
SKELETOGENESIS. SUBLETBAL EFFECT. ... ..... ... .552
PLANKTON. BIOACCUMULATIQN. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
SURFACE SLICKS ................ ..... ,553
PLANKTON. CARBAMATES. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SURC. .......... ....... 560
306
-------
PLANKTON. ALGAE. DDT. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. SURC.
UPTAKE _
PLANKTON. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. HERBICIDES. PESTICIDES.
TEST CULTURES 601
PLANKTON. BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE. HERBICIDE*:.
MARINE ALGAE. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. WEED CONTROL. 626
PLANKTON. CANADA. GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE. PC8S.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION 628
PLANKTON. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANOCHLORINES. ........ 646
PLANKTON. ATLANTIC. FOOD CHAINS. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE .650
PLANKTON. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PCBS. PROGRESS REPORT.
TRANSPORT. WOCDS HOLE. .... 651
PLANKTON. BACTERIA. GROWTH. PCBS. RESISTANT STRAINS.
UPTAKE. WOODS HOLE REPORT. ............... 652
PLANKTON. DDT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... 657
PLANKING. FAO. FISHERIES. LIVING RESOURCES. NORTH SEA,
PESTICIDES. TECHNICAL CONFERENCE .113
PLASTIC WASTE. PESTICIDES. PHENOL. REVIEW. SALKCN.
TROUT 3C2
POLAR BEARS. ARCTIC. MAMMALS. MONITORING. PCBS. SEALS. . 096
POLLUTANTS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PESTICIDES.
PH STUDIES. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SHELLFISH 093
POLLUTANTS. CONFERENCE. FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS.
PESTICIDES. REVIEW. ............ .258
POLLUTANTS. OVERVIEW. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS.
SEDIMENT. TRANSPORT 334
POLLUTANTS. AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE. NORTH AMERICA.
RESEARCH CATALOG. TOXICITY. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . . .603
POLLUTION MONITORING. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH.
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. - 3C5
POLLUTION POTENTIAL. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURE. PRODUCTION. TRANSPORT. ..... .373
307
-------
POLLUTION ABATEMENT. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. GEORGIA.
SPECIES DIVERSITY. TOXAPHENE. . . .522
POLLUTION. CHEMICAL ASPECTS. CONFERENCE. FAQ. MODEL.
TRANSPORT 045
POLLUTION. CONFERENCE. FAO. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
MEDITERRANEAN. PESTICIDES. ............... 252
POLLUTION. 8ENTHIC EFFECTS. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC. PESTICIDES. . .... 493
POLLUTION. FISH KILLS. REPORT. REVIEW. ... . 610
POLLUTION. BOOK. CONFERENCE. MARINE ORGANISMS.
PHYSIOLOGY. 615
POLLUTION. FISH KILLS. REPORT. REVIEW. . 606
POLYCHAETES. CARBAMATE. CLAMS. NEMERTEAN WORMS. OREGON.
SEVIN. SHRIMP. ., .......... 027
POLYCYCLIC ARCMATIC HYDROCARBONS. FISH. METABOLISM,
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE 379
POLYMER CROSS LINKED. ADSORPTION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. SEAViATER. , . .275
PCLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS. ATMOSPHERE. DUST.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . . .001
PCLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. BENZPYRENE.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT. WATER ENVIRONMENT. . .015
PCLYSTREAM. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. PREDATOR CONTROL.
SEVIN. VIRGINIA. . ....... 649
POPULAR OVERVIEW. ESTUARIES. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. . . 456
POPULAR OVERVIEW. FUTURE OUTLOOK. IMPACT. PESTICIDES. . .458
POPULATION. FCOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE 034
POPULATION TRENDS. ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
FISH. MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. STATISTICAL SURVEY. .... 333
POPULATION STUDIES. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. GULLS.
REPRODUCTION. WISCONSIN. ...... 346
308
-------
POPULATION. CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES. MCRTALITY.
NETHERLANDS. PCBS. TERN 364
POPULATION DECLINE. BIRDS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
FUNGICIDES. HCB. NETHERLANDS. ORGANQCHLCRINES 366
POPULATION CHANGES. FISH. PESTICIDES. PHENOLS. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 435
POPULATION. BIRD. BREEDING SUCCESS. CHANGES OVER TIKE.
GREAT BRITAIN. GREBE. ORGANOCHLORINES 506
POPULATION DECLINE. CHANGES OVER TIME. FALCON.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE. ... 513
POPULATION DECLINE. FISHEATING BIRDS. GLOBAL ECCSYSTEM.
PCBS. PEREGRINE FALCON. 532
POPULATION. BEHAVIOR. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT.
MORTALITY. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ... .581
PORPOISES. BAY OF FUNDY. CANADA. MAMMAL.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ...... .... 226
POST MORTEM EXAMS. BALD EAGLES. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MORTALITY CAUSES. ....... 120
POST MORTEMS. DDT. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCCM.
PESTICIDES. RAPTORS. ..................321
POST MORTEM IDENTIFICATION. FISH KILL. PHENOL. SEWAGE. . 336
POST MORTEM. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. QRGANCCHLORINES.
PUFFINS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ............. .485
POST MORTEM. BIRDS. GANNETS. GREAT BRITAIN. MCRTALITY.
PCBS .486
PREDATION. BEHAVIOR. DIELDRIN. FIDDLER CRAB. GROWTH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .... ...... .357
PREDATION. BACTERIA. CHEMOTAXIS, MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINE .434
PREDATOR CONTROL. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. POLYSTREAM.
SEVIN. VIRGINIA 649
PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS. DDT. PESTICIDES.
RESISTANCE. REVIEW. .229
PRIBILOF ISLANDS. ALASKA. MAMMALS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEALS. WASHINGTON 013
309
-------
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. OXYGEN EVOLUTION. PESTICIDES.
PLANKTON. ......... ..... .. ...... * .149
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. MARINE PRODUCTIVITY.
ORGANCCHLQRINES. REVIEW ...... . . ..... .... 374
PRODUCTION DATA. PESTICIDE REVIEW. ... ..... ... 214
PRODUCTION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURE. POLLUTION POTENTIAL. TRANSPORT. . 373
PRODUCTION. PCBS. REVIEW. TRANSPORT
PRODUCTIVITY. ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND.
ORGANCCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. SKELETOGENESIS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ....... . ............. 552
PRODUCTIVITY. ALGAE. GROWTH. HERBICIDES.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ........... .624
PROGRESS REPORT. PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE RESOURCES ..... 6C7
PROGRESS REPORT. PESTICIDES. REPRODUCTION. WILDLIFE. . . 6C8
PROGRESS REPORT. INVERTEBRATES. ORGANCCHLORINES.
TRANSLOCATION. VIRGINIA ................ . 616
PROGRESS REPORT. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES.
EPA GULF BREEZE LABORATORY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
PESTICIDES ...... ...... ....... .... .161
PROGRESS REPORT. FISH. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.
PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE ............. . ..... 605
PROGRESS REPORT. ATLANTIC. FCOD CHAINS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. PLANKTON. TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE. ... .650
PROGRESS REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PCBS. PLANKTON.
TRANSPORT. WOODS HOLE. . . .......... ..... 651
PROTEINS. ATP. BIOCHEMISTRY. LOBSTER. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .154
PUFFER. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENDRIN.
INSECTICIDE. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ........ 184
PUFFERS. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLCGY. FISH.
INSECTICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ..... . 177
PUFFINS. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLORINES.
POST MORTEM. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
310
-------
PUGET SOUND. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. RV ONAR.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. SYCPS. WASHINGTON 488
PYRETHRIN. FISH. INSECTICIDES. SALMONIDS. TOXICITY. . . .408
QUAHOG CLAM. COT. ENZYMQLOGY. LINDANE. MOLLUSK.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 191
RAPTORIAL BIRDS. CHANGES OVER TIME, EGGSHELL CHANGES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW . 295
RAPTORS. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. PCB. ............... 017
RAPTORS. DDT. GREAT BRITAIN. PEREGRINE FALCON.
PESTICIDES. POST MCRTEMS 321
RAPTORS. BIRDS. DDE. FISHEATING BIRDS. OVERVIEW. PCBS. . 347
REACTOR COOLANTS. BEHAVIOR. CANADA. FISH. PCTS.
TERPHENYLS. TROUT 255
RECOMMENDATIONS. DESIGN. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
WORLD MONITORING SYSTEM 376
RECOMMENDATIONS. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. REPORT. .604
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. BENZPYRENE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT.
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
WASTEWATER TREATMENT. WATER ENVIRONMENT 015
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MARINE ORGANISMS. ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW. SCEP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT .453
RENAL SYSTEM. DDA. EXCRETION. FISHES. FLOUNDER.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. UPTAKE. . . 509
REPORT TO STATES. EFFECTS IN WATER. EPA.
ORGANCCHLORINES. PESTICIDES. REVIEW 602
REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES.
RECOMMENDATIONS -• 6CA
REPORT. FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REVIEW. ......... 6C6
REPORT. FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REVIEW 610
REPORT. ESTUARIES. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. VIRGINIA. . . 617
311
-------
REPRODUCTION. PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. WILDLIFE. . . 6G8
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. DDT. NORTHEASTERN US. OSPREY. . . .Oil
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. EGGS. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION.
OCLOGICAL DATA. PELICANS 016
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CALIFORNIA. DOT.
EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. . . 050
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PC8S.
PELICAN 052
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS.
CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS. EMBRYONIC DEATH. WILDLIFE. . .063
REPRODUCTION. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT.
MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. MONITORING. SEA TROUT.
TEXAS COAST 088
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ALASKA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
PEREGRINE FALCON , .031
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. DIELDRIN. EGGS. GALLINULES.
INSECTICIDES. LOUISIANA. MONITORING 1C3
REPRODUCTION. FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS. MARINE POLLUTION, . 145
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CHANGES OVER TIME. DUCKS.
EGGSHELL THINNING 147
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES, PC8S. SEA LIONS. ...... .148
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. INSECTICIDES. LATENT EFFECTS.
MOLLUSKS. . ,182
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINKING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. MIGRATION. ORGANOCHLOR INES 2CO
REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS. BIRD. CANADA, COMMON TERM. DDE.
EGGSHELL QUALITY. .,. .215
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. BIRDS. GREAT LAKES.
HERRING GULLS. 234
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. CANADA. EMBRYONIC MORTALITY.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GULLS. HERRING GULLS. LAKE ONTARIO. . .235
REPRODUCTION. FISH. PCBS. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ..... .269
312
-------
REPRODUCTION. BIRDS. DUCK. GROWTH. MIREX .289
REPRCDUCTION. DOE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
EMBRYO MORTALITY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT .291
REPRODUCTION. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCK. PCBS. . 292
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. MIREX.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ....... ..... 313
REPRODUCTION. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. GULLS.
POPULATION STUDIES. WISCONSIN. ....... 346
REPRODUCTION. BALD EAGLES. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FISHEATING BIRDS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANOCHLORINES 369
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. BIRD. DOE. DUCK.
EGGSHELL THINNING. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... 390
REPRCDUCTION. CROWN OF THORNS. INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC.
PCBS. SEASTAR. ^ . . 418
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. BIRDS. BREEDING BEHAVIOR.
EGGSHELL THINNING. ENZYMCLOGY. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. . . 489
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. DDE. DIELORIN. EGGS.
FARNE ISLANDS. GREAT BRITAIN. SHAG. . .... .5C3
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ENDOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
SHELLFISH. UPTAKE 534
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. FRESHWATER. INVERTEBRATES.
PHTHALATE ESTERS. UPTAKE. 545
REPRCDUCTION. DDT. DEVELOPMENT. DIELDRIN. FLOUNDER.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .565
REPRCDUCTION. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, KINETICS. METABOLISM,
PCBS. REVIEW. ... ............ .582
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. BIRD. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
TERNS ............. . ............ 59°
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ALBERTA. BIRD. CANADA. DDE.
TERNS. ........ ....... .......... 591
REPRODUCTION. INVERTEBRATE. GRGANOPHOSPHATES. OYSTERS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ............. • ...... 596
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. BIRDS. DOT. PETREL.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ......... ....... ...
313
-------
RESEARCH CATALOG. ABSTRACTS. EPA.
OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS. PESTICIDE STUDY SERIES.
PESTICIDES. • «516
RESEARCH CATALOG. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL. RESIDUES.
......... .566
RESEARCH CATALOG. AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE. NORTH AMERICA.
POLLUTANTS. TCXICITY. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA . .603
RESEARCH NEEDS. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. TCXICITY. .175
RESEARCH NEEDS. BOOK. FAO. MARINE POLLUTION. SEMINAR. . .243
RESEARCH NEEDS. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . . .455
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. MARINE ANIMALS. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETKAL EFFECTS. TOXICITY CRITERIA. ... .074
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. ECOSYSTEM. FAC CCNF.
MARINE COMMUNITIES Ill
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. BASELINE STUDIES. ECOSYSTEMS. *
FAO. MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING TRENDS.
OFFSHORE DUMPING .............112
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. CONFERENCE.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. IDOE. ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW.
TRANSPORT. 157
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. BASELINE STUDIES. IDCE.
MARINE ENVIRONMENT. REVIEW. 242
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. OVERVIEW. POLLUTANTS.
SEDIMENT. TRANSPORT 334
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. MARINE POLLUTION.
MONITORING SYSTEMS. ORGANOCHLCRINES. OVERVIEW.
TRANSPORT. ... ............... 530
RESEARCH REPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS.
MARINE ORGANISMS. NMFS. NW FISHERY CENTER RESEARCH. . . .576
RESIDUES. AQUATIC PEST CONTROL. RESEARCH CATALCG.
566
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MCNITORING.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 084
314
-------
RESISTANCE TC DISEASE. PC8S. SHRIMP. SYNERGISM. VIRUS. . 127
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. BIRDS. CESTODES. DUCKS.
MONITORING ............... . ........ 153
RESISTANCE. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. SPECIATICN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ........ . ........... 2C2
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. HEPATITIS. PCBS. SYNERGISM.
VIRUS INTERACTION .................... 219
RESISTANCE TC DISEASE. DDT. DIELORIN. DUCK. HEPATITIS.
SYNERGISM. VIRUS INTERACTION. .... .......... 220
RESISTANCE. CCT. PESTICIDES.
PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS. REVIEW. . ......... 229
RESISTANCE TC DISEASE. FISHEATING BIRDS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PARASITES. ..... .......... 248
RESISTANCE TC DISEASE. 8IOACCUMULATION . FISHES. PCBS.
PERSISTENCE. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. ....... ...... 268
RESISTANCE. FISH. PESTICIDES. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ...... ............. 303
RESISTANCE. FISH. PESTICIDES. SENSITIVITY.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNCWS ................ ... ,304
RESISTANT STRAINS. BACTERIA. GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE. WOODS HOLE REPORT. ... ............ 652
RESPIRATION. CDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT. MONITORING.
UPTAKE ....... . ............... « • -451
RESPIRATION. EMBRYOS. FISH. PESTICIDE. 2 4 DNP. .... .5?7
REVIEW. MARINE ORGANISMS. PCBS. ............ .021
REVIEW. HEALTH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TOXICITY. ...... .030
REVIEW. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULATION.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. ......... .034
REVIEW. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICICES ........... ..... 060
REVIEW. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. MORTALITY,
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEA LION ...........
REVIEW. DIQUAT. HERBICIDES. PARAQUAT. TOXICOLOGY. . . . .094
315
-------
REVIEW. AQUATIC FAUNA AND FLORA, PESTICIDES. SOURCES, •
WATER QUALITY ................ ...... 107
REVIEW. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. QRGANGCHLOR INES. . • .116
REVIEW. CONFERENCE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ICCE.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. TRANSPORT. . .157
REVIEW. BIOMAGNIFICATICN. BIRDS. FISH. INVERTEBRATES.
PCBS. ... ......... .... ........ . .170
REVIEW. BHC. COMMUNITY. DDT. DELAWARE.
EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. STR08ANE. TIDAL MARSHES. ...... .228
REVIEW. DDT. PESTICIDES. PREDATOR PREY RELATIONSHIPS.
RESISTANCE. . ...... . . ........... i. . -229
REVIEW. BASELINE STUDIES. IDCE. MARINE ENVIRCNMENT,
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS,. ... ......... ..,
REVIEW. PCBS ..... ......... ........ .254
REVIEW. CONFERENCE. FAO. MARINE ORGANISMS. PESTICIDES,
POLLUTANTS ..................... .. .258
REVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
MODEL. PCBS. TOXICITY. TRANSPORT. .... ..... . . .260
REVIEW. BIOASSAY. EPA. FISH. INVERTEBRATES.
MARINE ORGANISMS. ....... ......... ... .265
REVIEW. CHANGES OVER TIME. EGGSHELL CHANGES.
FISHEATING BIRDS. ORGANOCHLORINES. RAPTORIAL BIRDS. . . .295
REVIEW. PESTICIDES. PHENOL. PLASTIC WASTE. SALMCN.
TROUT. .... ..................... 3C2
REVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. IDENTIFICATION. PCBS ..... 322
REVIEW. FISHES. PESTICIDES ..... .......... .327
REVIEW. PESTICIDES. ........ ..... ..... .337
REVIEW. ANTARCTIC. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDES. TCXIC WASTES. .......... ...... 338
REVIEW. DETOX ICATICN. INVERTEBRATES. METABOLISM ..... 353
REVIEW. HUMIC SUBSTANCES. MODIFYING FACTOR.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ... ......... ... 354
316
-------
REVIEW. MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. ORGANOCHLOR INES.
PRIMARY PRODUCTION. ... *
REVIEW. DUMPING. ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
INDUSTRIAL CONTAMINATION. NATURAL OCCURRENCE.
PHTHALATE ESTERS* ......... .... ....... 412
(
REVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. PESTICIDES.
TERMINAL RESIDUES. ....... ........ .... 413
tV
REVIEW. PESTICIDES ......... . .......... 421
REVIEW. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. ............ .425
REVIEW. BIOMAGNIFICATIGN. ORGANCHLOR INE PESTICIDES.
PERSISTENCE. UPTAKE. ...... ...........; 426
REVIEW. DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE. PESTICIDES.
TRANSPORT ........ .....* ...... .... 427
REVIEW. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. UPDATE .......... 428
REVIEW. PESTICIDES ...... . ......... ... .433
REVIEW. FISH. PESTICIDES. PHENOLS. POPULATION ChANGES.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. ... ..... ........... 435
REVIEW. FISHEATING BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. PESTICIDES. . . 437
REVIEW. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS. FOOD CHAIN. 1
GREAT BRITAIN. ........... ......... . 439
REVIEW. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. SCEP.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT ........ . ...... 453
REVIEW. CARBAMATE, DDT SUBSTITUTE. SEVIN ..... ... .466
REVIEW. PCBS. PRODUCTION. TRANSPORT ..... . ..... 467
REVIEW. FAO CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. STIMULATORY EFFECTS.
UPTAKE SYSTEMS ....... »• ............. 4€8
REVIEW. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ..... ...........
REVIEW. FAO CONFERENCE. MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
ORGANOCHLORINES. TRANSPORT. WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. . . 476
REVIEW. COMPARATIVE TQXICITY. MARINE ORGANISMS.
PESTICIDE. . . ............. • ....... 479
317
-------
REVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. OCCURRENCE.
PCBS. TRANSPORT. 490
REVIEW. BIOMAGNIFICAT1CN. ENVIRONMENT. PCBS.
TOXICOLOGY. . 492
REVIEW. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. N'ON TARGET SPECIES.
OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. PESTICIDES. ..... .497
REVIEW. COMMUNITY. ECOSYSTEM. IMPACT. PESTICIDES 498
REVIEW. BIRDS. EGGSHELL THINNING. GREAT BRITAIN.
HISTORIC CHANGES. PEREGRINE FALCON. PESTICIDES. .... .512
REVIEW. BIRDS. FISH. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PACIFIC. TRANSPORT. .... 526
REVIEW. BIOACCUMULATION. BIRDS. ECOSYSTEMS. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS . 528
REVIEW. HAZARD. PESTICIDES. WILDLIFE .543
REVIEW. FOOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE. PERSISTENCE.
PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. TRANSPORT .544
REVIEW. FISH AND WILDLIFE. INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. .572
REVIEW. BIOACCUMULATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
TOXICITY. ...... ....... .575
REVIEW. BEHAVIOR. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT.
MORTALITY. PESTICIDES. POPULATION. SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. . .581
REVIEW. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. KINETICS. METABOLISM. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION 582
REVIEW. BEHAVIOR. BREEDING SUCCESS. FISH.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PESTICIDES 583
REVIEW. EFFECTS IN WATER. EPA. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PESTICIDES. REPORT TO STATES .602
REVIEW. FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REPORT 606
REVIEW. FISH KILLS. POLLUTION. REPORT. ......... 610
REVIEW. BIROS. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. TOXICOLOGY . .618
REVIEW. PCBS. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. TOXICITY 621
318
-------
REVIEW. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HERBICIDES. INSECTICIDES.
PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS
REVIEW. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY ........ ,
REVIEWS. FISHING. LIVING RESOURCES. MARINE POLLUTION. . .213
RHINE RIVER. BIROS. FISH. MOLLUSKS. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. . 365
RHINE. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. NETHERLANDS. PCBS. PCTS. . . .217
RHODE ISLAND, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION, MERCENARY.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ..... .......... , 1C5
RHODE ISLAND, B IOACCUMULAT ION. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SURFACE SLICK ........... .. .158
RICE FIELDS. ALCRIN. DUCK. TEXAS. WILDLIFE ....... .2C6
RICE. ENDOSULFAN. JAVA. THIODAN ............. 244
ROTENCNE. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECTS. TQXICITY.
TROUT. VOLUME. .......... ..... ...... 5C8
RUNOFF. AGRICULTURAL LAND. MODEL.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. PESTICIDE. TRANSPORT.
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS. .... ..... . ..... 032
RUNOFF. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CALIFORNIA. MONTEREY BAY.
PESTICIDE. ................ . ....... 256
RV ONAR. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PUGET SOUND.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. SYCPS. WASHINGTON. ......... 488
SAIGCN. AAAS STUDY. OIOXIN. FISH. VIETNAM ....... .555
SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME.
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES. SEDIMENT .......... 097
SALINITY. INVERTEBRATE. METHGXYCHLOR. SUBLETI-AL EFFECT.
SYNERGISM. .. ........ • ............ °95
SALINITY. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. MALATHION. MOSQU ITOFISH.
SELECTION ..... ..............••••- 263
SALINITY. HERBICIDE. PCP. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM ..... .362
SALINITY. DDT. FISH. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE .......... 449
SALINITY. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SHRIMP. SYNERGISK ..... 459
319
-------
SALMCN. 8UDWORM CONTROL. CANADA. DDT ....... ... -QG9
SALMCN. ANALYSIS OF VARIATION. ODT. DIELDRIN, I«AINE.
MONITORING. ... .............. ...... 022
SALMCN. DDT. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS. . .1C6
SALMCN. CANADA. ODT. FIELD STUDY. LATENT EFFECT.
TRANSPORT. ........... ............ 188
SALMCN. DDT. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SYNERGISM. TROUT* . .223
SALMCN. CANADA. DDT. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM. ..... .247
SALMCN. FOREST PEST CONTROL. NEWFOUNDLAND. t
QRGANOPHOSPHATE. SUMITHION. TROUT. . . ....... . . 281
SALMCN. PESTICIDES. PHENOL. PLASTIC WASTE. REVIEW.
TROUT. ..... ... .............. ... 3€2
SALMCN. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. DDT. FISH. LEARNING. .'
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. .... ........... .... .316
I
t 7 -- '
SALMCN. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLGGY. FISH.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . ...... ... 317
t
SALMCN. CANADA. DDT, PESTICIDES.
SPRUCE BUDWQRP CONTROL. . ................ 339
i i
SALMCN. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME. ODT. FOOD CHAIN.
FCREST SPRAYING. PESTICIDES. .... .......... 340
SALMCN. BEHAVIOR. DDT. TEMPERATURE SELECTION. . .... .473
SALMCN. MALATHICN. ORGANOPHOSPHATE. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TROUT. ...... ....... ..... ....... 5C1
SALMCN. DDT. DETOXIFICATION. FISH. METABOLISM. UPTAKE. . 505
SALMCN. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. D IBENZOFURANS . FISH.
PCBS .............. ..... ...... . .666
SALMCNIDS. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . .
SALMCNIDS. BUDWGRM CONTROL. CANADA. DDT. ........ 142
.' 1
SALMCNIDS. FISH. INSECTICIDES. PYRETHRIN. TOXICITY. . . .408
SALMCNIDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH. INSECTICIDES. . , 5C2
SALMCNIDS. ENCRIN. FISH KILL. MORTALITY. NABAM.
PESTICIDES. STREAM POLLUTION. . . ..... ....... 546
320
-------
SALMCNIDS. CYANIDES. FISH. FISH KILL.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PHENOLS. TOXIC ZONES ..... . .568
SALT GLAND. DDE. DUCK. PHYSIOLOGY. SU8LETHAL EFFECT. . . 218
SALT MARSHES. DURSBAN. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
FIELD STUDY. MISSISSIPPI. MOSQUITO CONTROL ........ 155
i
SALT MARSHES. DURSBAN. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA.
MOSQUITO CONTROL ......... . ........ . . .156
SALT HARSH. DIELDRIN. FIELD STUDY. FISHES.
INVERTEBRATES. ........ ...... ........ 273
SALT MARSHES. BEHAVIOR. BIOLOGICAL EFFECT. DOT.
FIELD STUDY. MOSQUITO CONTROL. . ........ . . . . 5T3
SALT MARSH. FIELD STUDY. FLORIDA. HALATHION.
MOSQUITO CONTROL ........... . ....... . .593
SAN ANTONIO BAY. DDT. DIELDRIN. ESTUARINE FAUNA. TEXAS. .494
SAN FRANCISCO BAY. CALIFORNIA, DDT. FISH.
INVERTEBRATES. LIPIDS .......... ........ 196
i >
SAN FRANCISCO BAY. CALIFORNIA. CONFIRMATION.
PHTHALATE ESTERS ..................... 562
SANDWICH TERNS. ODE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
INSECTICIDES. NETHERLANDS. NORTH SEA. .......... 367
SANTA BARBARA. CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. CDE.
PCBS. SEDIMENTS ....... .... .......... 3C9
SANTA ROSA SOUND. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS. FLORIDA.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. MOLLUSKS. MONITORING ..... . .076
SCEP. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. TRANSPORT. ... ...... ... . j.453
SCOTLAND. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMALS.
ORGANGCHLORINES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ...... .... .3CO
SCOTLAND. FISH. FORTH AND TAY ESTUARIES. INVERTEBRATE.
MONITORING. PCBS. PESTICIDES ........ ...... .3C1
SCOTLAND. BHC. FISHEATING BIRDS. GOOSANDERS.
MERGANSERS. CRGANOCHLOR INE PESTIClIDES ........ . . 623
SEA LAMPREY. LAMPRICIDE. PHYSIOLOGY. SU8LETH4L EFFECTS. .OC6
321
-------
SEA LION. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL. MORTALITY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. REVIEW Ot5
SEA LIONS. CALIFORNIA. MAMMAL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. REPRODUCTIVE SLCCESS. . 148
SEA LIONS. CALIFORNIA. DDT. MAMMAL. .375
SEA TROUT. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT, MARINE PRCDUCTIVITY.
MONITORING. REPRODUCTION. TEXAS COAST 088
SEA URCHINS. CNP. INVERTEBRATES. OXYGEN CONSUMPTION.
OYSTERS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE .5S5
SEA WATER. ALCEhYCES. FLORIDA. KETONES. MONITORING.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -. 125
SEA WATER. BHC. HCH. METABOLISM. PERSISTENCE 637
SEAFCCD. FISHES. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LIVERS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. PACIFIC OCEAN 165
SEAFOOD, ATLANTIC. GULF OF MEXICO. HUMAN DIET, MIREX,
MONITORING. ORGANOCHLORINES. ......... 4C6
SEAL OILS. CANADA. HERRING OILS. MAMMALS. MARINE OI.LS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. WHALE OILS ..... OC5
SEALS. ALASKA. MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS. WASHINGTON. 013
SEALS. ARCTIC. MAMMALS. MONITORING. PCBS. POLAR BEARS. . 096
SEALS. CANADA. MAMMAL. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. .216
SEALS. ARCTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GREAT BRITAIN.
MAMMAL. ORGANOCHLORINES 299
SEALS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLCRINES . . 294
SEALS. CALIFORNIA. MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES.
OTTERS .556
SEALS. ANTARCTICA. BIRD. DDT. MAMMALS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PENGUINS. . . , 563
SEASONAL VARIATION. BHC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
JAPAN 589
SEASTAR. CROWN OF THORNS. INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC. PCBS.
REPRODUCTION 418
322
-------
SEAWATER. ADSORPTION, GEOGRAPHIC OISTR I8UT ION,
ORGANCCHLORINES. POLYMER CROSS LINKED, ...... ... 275
SEDIMENT. DDT. FATE. METABOLISM. MICROBIOLOGY.
SEVERN ESTUARY. SEWAGE ........... , ...... OC7
SEDIMENT. GREAT BRITAIN. METABOLISM.
QRGANGCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEVERN ESTUARY ...... , . OC8
SEDINENT. CANADA. CHANGES OVER TIME.
ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES. SAINT LAWRENCE RIVER. . , . OS7
SEDIMENT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PC8S. PCNS. WATER. . ,143
SEDINENT. BIOTA. ESCAMBIA BAY. FLORIDA. PCBS. WATER. , . 164
SEDIMENT. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. TEXAS. WATER. ........ 201
SEDIMENT. EVERGLADES. FLORIDA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
ORGANCCHLORINES ...... . . ............. 274
SEDINENT. DICUAT. HERBICIDES. MOLLUSKS. WATER.
WEED CONTROL ..... . .............. . . .282
SEDIMENT. OVERVIEW. POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH RECONMENDAT IONS. TRANSPORT ..... ...... . 334
SEDINENT. BICNAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME.
FOOD CHAIN. HUDSON RIVER. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES, . . 358
SEOINENT. CALIFORNIA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLQRINE PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. .......... 436
SEDINENT. ESCAMBIA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. INVERTEBRATES.
PCBS. SHRIMP. UPTAKE ........ ........... 465
SEDINENT. BREAKDOWN. METABOLISM.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. . ........ ...... 477
SEDINENT. ADSORPTION. BENTHOS. DDT. PARTICIPATE MATTER.
TRANSPORT ........................
SEDINENT. LOUISIANA. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES ..... ... .541
SEDINENT. DIELDRIN. ENDRIN. LOUISIANA.
MODIFYING EFFECT. .....•••
SEDIMENTS. DREDGING. GEORGIA, PERSISTENCE. TCXAPHENE. . .166
SEDIMENTS. CALIFORNIA. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDE. PCBS.
SANTA BARBARA ...... • ............. * *
323
-------
SEDIMENTS. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF, CALIFORNIA. CDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. TRANSPORT. .......... .540
SEDIHENTS. ETHIGN. METABOLISM. QRGANQPHCSPHATE. .... .559
SELECTION. BEHAVIOR. OCT. FISH. MALATHICN.
MOSQUITOFISH. SALINITY 263
SEMINAR. BOOK. FAO. MARINE POLLUTION. RESEARCH NEEDS. . .243
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. CARBAMATE. DUNGENESS CRAB.
INVERTEBRATE. SEVIN 066
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
PESTICIDES. PH STUDIES. POLLUTANTS. SHELLFISH . 093
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. AGE DIFFERENCE EFFECTS. BIRD.
DDT. DUCKS. MODIFYING EFFECTS. ....... 221
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. DDT. SALMON. SYNERGISM. TROUT. . .223
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. FISH. HETHOXYCHLOR. MIREX.
MULLET. UPTAKE. ......... .. .377
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. FISH. METHOXYCHLQR, MIREX.
MULLET. ......... .378
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SHRIHP.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY 461
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. INVERTEBRATE. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS.
VINYL CHLORIDE .538
SENSITIVE STAGE. FISH. PCBS. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW .547
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. ENCRIN.
ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. .................. 548
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS.
UPTAKE. . ............... .642
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. UPTAKE. ... .643
SENSITIVITY. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. PCBS. PLANKTON. . . . 2C3
SENSITIVITY. FISH. PESTICIDES, RESISTANCE.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ....... ...... .3G3
SENSITIVITY. FISH. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE.
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. ,3C4
324
-------
SEVERN ESTUARY. DDT. FATE. METABOLISM. MICROBIOLOGY.
SEDIMENT. SEWAGE. ........ ...... .... . .QC7
SEVERN ESTUARY. GREAT BRITAIN. METABOLISM.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT ........... OC8
SEVIN. CAR8AMATE. CLAMS. NEMERTEAN WORMS. CREGCN.
POLYCHAETES. SHRIMP. . . ............. ... 027
SEVIN. CARBAMATE. DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ........ ......... ,. .Q28
SEVIN. CARBAMATE. DUNGENESS CRAB. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES ......... . ........ 066
SEVIN. CARBAMATE. CLAM. GROWTH. SHELLFISH. SYNERGISM. . .073
SEVIN. CARBAMATE. DDT SUBSTITUTE. REVIEW. ........ 466
SEVIN. BREAKDCWN. CARBAMATE. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECTS. . 631
SEVIN. BEHAVICR. FISH. MENIDIA. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. . . . .635
SEVIN. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. POLYSTREAM.
PREDATOR CONTROL. VIRGINIA ..... . .......... 649
SEWAGE DISPOSAL. MARINE ENVIRONMENT. PCBS. SOURCES.
TRANSPORT ..... ...... ............. 298
SEWAGE. DDT. FATE. METABOLISM. MICROBIOLOGY. SEDIMENT.
SEVERN ESTUARY ......... ........ ..... OC7
SEWAGE. GERMICIDE. HCP. MONITORING. PCP ......... 070
SEWAGE. DDT. CIELDRIN. ORGANCCHLCRINES. PCBS.
SOLID WASTE ............ ........... 099
SEWAGE. FISH KILL. PHENOL. POST MORTEM IDENTIFICATION. . 336
SEWAGE. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MONITORING. PCBS ........ -
SHAG. DDE. DIELDRIN. EGGS. FARNE ISLANDS.
GREAT BRITAIN. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS .......... • 5C3
SHARK. DOT. METABOLISM ....... • ..... .... .171
SHEEPSHEAD MIKNCW. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMOLOGY.
ORGAM3PHOSPHATE PESTICIDES ..... - .......... 1ZZ
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVICR. FISH.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT
325
-------
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. FISH. PC8S. REPRODUCTION. ..... .269
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. FISH. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE.
SENSITIVITY. .......... 303
SHEEPSHEAO MINNOWS. FISH. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE.
SENSITIVITY . 304
SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW. FISH. PCBS. SENSITIVE STAGE. 547
SHELLFISH MANAGEMENT. CRAB CONTROL. LINCANE 261
SHELLFISH. DDT. OYSTER. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. . . 064
SHELLFISH. CARBAMATE. CLAM. GROWTH. SEVIN. SYNERGISM. . .073
SHELLFISH. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CRUSTACEA. OCT.
ESTUARINE FAUNA. MONITORING. OVERVIEW 081
SHELLFISH. GROWTH. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 082
SHELLFISH. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. PESTICIDES.
PH STUDIES. POLLUTANTS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. ..... 093
SHELLFISH. DOT. MCLLUSK 085
SHELLFISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS.
PESTICIDES. 086
SHELLFISH. BIOMAGNIFICATION. CHANGES OVER TIME.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. NEW YORK.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. .. 2C8
SHELLFISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION.
NEW YORK. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ... 210
SHELLFISH. LOUISIANA. PESTICIDES. ........... .259
SHELLFISH. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. FLORIDA.
METABOLISM. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE 272
SHELLFISH. HERBICIDES. METABOLISM. PCP. UPTAKE. .... .359
SHELLFISH. DETOXICATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. PCP.
UPTAKE , 360
SHELLFISH. CONJUGATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. PCP. . . .361
SHELLFISH. HERBICIDE. PCP. SALINITY. SYNERGISM 362
SHELLFISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTER. PCBS.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE ,. 395
326
-------
SHELLFISH, ALABAMA. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES ...... 414
SHELLFISH. ENCOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. UPTAKE ............. m .534
SHELLFISH. CANADA. DOT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
HUMAN FOOD. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ............. 570
SHELLFISH. FAC CONFERENCE. FISH. FISHERY PRODUCTS.
INVERTEBRATE. PACIFIC. PESTICIDES ............ 587
SHELLFISH. INVERTEBRATES. OYSTERS. PCBS. UPTAKE. .... 619
t
SHIP WRECK. PESTICIDES. SPAIN. ............. 024
SHRIMP, CARBAMATE. CLAMS. NEMERTEAN WORKS. OREGCN.
POLYCHAETES. SEVIN. ....... ............ 027
SHRIMP. FISH. HERBICIDES. OVERVIEW. OYSTERS. PLANKTON. . 075
SHRIMP. PCBS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM. VIRUS. . 127
SHRIMP. HISTOLOGY. MIREX. PC8S. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
VIRUS. .... ........ ........ ..... 128
SHRIMP. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ........ 129
SHRIMP. CALIFORNIA CURRENT. DOT. INVERTEBRATE. MODEL.
OCEAMC FOOD CHAINS. UPTAKE ............. . . 137
SHRIMP. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ................. ... -270
SHRIMP. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISHES. PCBS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. .. ..... .... ....... . .271
SHRIMP. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SALINITY. SYNERGISM. .... 459
SHRIMP. CATIONS. DOT. ENZYMOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE.
OSMOREGULATICN. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ............
SHRIMP. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TOXICITY ........... ... 461
SHRIMP. BIOACCUMULATION. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. UPTAKE. . .
SHRIMP. DDT. INVERTEBRATE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
SHRIMP. ESCAMBIA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. INVERTEBRATES
PCBS. SEDIMENT. UPTAKE. ..... ...... ..
327
-------
SHRIMP. FISHES. OYSTERS. PCBS. UPTAKE. ......... 482
SHRICP. INVERTEBRATE. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX ..... - • .515
SHRIMP. CTC. MICROORGANISMS. NITROFURANS. TETRACYCL INE. .630
SIGNIFICANCE. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. GUILLEMOTS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE. ..... .484
SIGNIFICANCE. CHANGES OVER TIME. DOT. FISH. FLORIDA,
METABOLISM. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. ............. 272
SIGNIFICANCE CF RESIDUES. 8ICMAGNIFICATION. FISH.
FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. ........... .169
SIGNIFICANCE CF RESIDUES. BIOMAGNIFICAT ION . BIRDS.
BREEDING SUCCESS. FOOD CHAIN. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION ........ ........... 5C7
SIZE DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. GULF OF SAINT LAWRENCE.
PCBS. PLANKTON. ..... ........... .... .628
SIZE. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT, UPTAKE ........ 450
SKELETOGENESIS. ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND.
QRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PRODUCTIVITY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ......... ..... ...... .552
SLIMICIQE, CRUSTACEA. INVERTEBRATE
A
ACUATIC PEST CONTROL. RESEARCH CATALOG. RESIDUES. . . . .566
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
PESTICIDE USE. TRANSPORT. ................ 176
SCIL. ORGANOPHQSPHATE PESTICIDE. PARATHION.
PERSISTENCE. TRANSPORT. . .......... ..... .560
SOLE. DDT. FISH. METABOLISM. UPTAKE ....... .... 198
SOLID WASTE. DDT. DIELDRIN. CRGANQCHLORINES . PCBS.
SEWAGE. . . ............ . .......... QS9
SOURCES. AQUATIC FAUNA AND FLORA. PESTICIDES. REVIEW.
WATER QUALITY. ............. ........ 107
SOURCES. MARINE ENVIRONMENT. PCBS. SEWAGE DISPOSAL.
TRANSPORT ............ . ........... 298
SOUTH AFRICA. DDT. DIELDRIN. MAMMAL ........... 029
328
-------
SOUTH ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
GULF OF MEXICO. MONITORING. CRGANQCHLCRINES. OYSTER. . . 068
SOUTH ATLANTIC. ASCENSION ISLAND. BIRDS.
FISHEATING BIRDS. PCBS .332
SOUTH CAROLINA. BROWN PELICAN. EGGSHELL MEASUREMENTS.
FLORIDA. ORGANOCHLORINES. ...... .. .Q47
.SOUTH CAROLINA. AUSTRALIA. EGGS. FISHEATING BIRDS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. LOUISIANA. ORGANOCHLCRINES.
PELICAN .048
SOUTH CAROLINA. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINMNG.
FISHEATING BIRD. FLORIDA. PELICAN. ...... 049
SOUTH CAROLINA. CALIFORNIA. CDT. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. 050
SOUTH CAROLINA. CALIFORNIA. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FLORIDA. PCBS. PELICAN .051
SOUTH CAROLINA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HIREX. MONITORING. .057
SOUTH CAROLINA. BIOACCUMULATION. FIELD STUDIES. MIREX.
MOVEMENT. 058
SOUTH CAROLINA. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING. FLORIDA.
PELICAN. X-RAY DIFFRACTION . . 245
SOUTH VIETNAM. AGENT ORANGE. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. . . .539
SPAIN. PESTICIDES. SHIP WRECK. . 024
SPAIN. FISHES. MUSSELS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PCBS
,035
SPECIATION. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 2C2
SPECIES DIVERSITY. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. GEORGIA.
POLLUTION ABATEMENT. TOXAPHENE. ............ -522
SPECIES SENSITIVITY. BIRDS. COMPARATIVE TOXICHY.
DUCKS. PESTICIDES - 290
SPOT. FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT.
TCXAPHENE *
SPRUCE BUDWORH. ATLANTIC. CANADA. DDT. FISH.
METABOLITES '
329
-------
SPRUCE BUDWORF CONTROL. CANADA. DDT. PESTICIDES.
SALMON. . . .339
ST PAUL ISLANDS. MAMMALS. NURSING FUR SEAL PUPS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PCBS. .. 014
STATISTICAL SURVEY. ATLANTIC. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. ,
FISH. MIDDLE ATLANTIC COAST. POPULATION TRENDS. .... .333
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS. CONTROVERSY. ODE.
EGGSHELL THINNING. PELICANS .......... 592
STATISTICS. BIRDS. CONTROVERSY. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING. .527
STIMULATORY EFFECTS. FAQ CONFERENCE.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. REVIEW.
UPTAKE SYSTEMS . .468
STORMWATER RUNOFF. MASSACHUSETTS. NAPHTHALENES.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. .257
STREAM POLLUTION. ENDRIN. FISH KILL. MORTALITY. NA8AM.
PESTICIDES. SALKONIDS. .. 546
STRESS PROFILES. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. TISSUE CHEMISTRY , . 183
STRESS. BIRD. DIELDRIN. MODIFYING EFFECTS. MORTALITY.
UPTAKE .1C9
STRIPED BASS. FISH. PESTICIDES. TOXICITY . .368
i'
STR08ANE. 8HC. COMMUNITY. DDT. DELAWARE.
EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. REVIEW. TIDAL MARSHES . . .228
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. LAMPRICIDE. PHYSIOLOGY. SEA LAMPREY. .OC6
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. NERVOUS SYSTEM. TROUT .020
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CARBAMATE. DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE.
MUSSEL. SEVIN. ..................... 028
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULATION.
REVIEW. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE 034
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. ENZYMCLOGY. FISH. SALMCNIDS. . . .0«9
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. BIRD. CHROMOSOMES. DIELDRIN. CUCKS. . .011
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. MARINE ANIMALS. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS.
TOXICITY CRITERIA. ... ....... 074
330
-------
!*!U?"!'.F""™: .077
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GROWTH. PESTICIDES. SHELLFISH. . . . -082
EFFECTS- BEHAVIOR. ESTUARINE ORGANISES.
««™ OEVEt-OPMENT. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS. MCNITORING.
PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE ........ .... 084
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. INVERTEBRATE. METHCXYCHLGR. SALINITY.
SYNERGISM. ..... ....... , ....... ... 095
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DIELDRIN. GROWTH. TROUT ..... . . . 1G4
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. PESTICIDES. .... .121
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. HISTOLOGY. MIREX. PCBS. SHRIMP.
VIRUS. ............... .......... 128
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. SHRIMP. ....... 129
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
INVERTEBRATES. MOLLUSKS. PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM ...... 146
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ATP. BIOCHEMISTRY. LOBSTER. PROTEINS. .154
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY.
ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. INSECTICIDES. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFERS, . . 177
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CRABS. DIELDRIN.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. NORTH CAROLINA.
PLANKTON ..... . ......... ......... .133
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES.
STRESS PROFILES. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. . . ..... .... 183
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BLOOD AND TISSUE CHEMISTRY. ENDRIN.
INSECTICIDE. PHYSIOLOGY. PUFFER. . . ........ . . 184
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. INSECTICIDES. METAL CONTENT. MOLLUSK.
PHYSIOLOGY. TISSUE CHEMISTRY. .... .......... 1€6
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY. LINOANE. MCLLUSK.
QUAHOG CLAM ........... ............
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CRABS. DIELDRIN.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATE. LARVAE. ..... .192
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. GROWTH. METABOLISM. NTA. PLANKTON. . . 195
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES. RESISTANCE.
SPECIATION ......... * .......... ... .262
331
-------
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FAQ CONFERENCE. FAO CONFERENCE.
INDICATOR ORGANISMS. LIFE CYCLE. MARINE ORGANISES. . . - 212
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDE. DUCK. PHYSIOLOGY. SALT GLAND. . . 218
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. FISH. METHOXYCHLCR. PESTICIDES.
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. TROUT 225
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENDRIN, PHYSICLOGY.
TROUT ,--» 2A6
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH.
PESTICIDES. SHEEPSHEAD MINNOWS. .... ... .262
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISH.
MOSQUITOFISH. PESTICIDES 266
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. PESTICIDES.
SHRIfP. .. .......... .270
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. FISHES. PCBS.
SHRIMP. . .271
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
EMBRYO MORTALITY. REPRODUCTION. 291
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FISH. MALATHIQN. SYNERGISM. ..... 3C6
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DIURON. HERBICIDES. OXYGEN EVOLUTION.
PHYSIOLOGY. PLANKTON .307
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. MARINE ORGANISMS. PLANKTON.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC WASTES. . .... .310
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AVOIDANCE. BEHAVIOR. CDT. FISH.
LEARNING. SALMON .316
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENZYMCLCGY. FISH.
ORGANCCHLORINES. SALMON. ...... 317
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DOT. EEL. FISH. OSMCREGULATICN.
PHYSIOLOGY. 318
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRD. GULL. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY ,320
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. ENZYMCLOGY. FISH.
ORGANOCHLORINES. OSMOREGULAT ION. PCBS 355
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CHEMORECEPTION. FISH.
ORGANCPHOSPHATE. PARATHION 356
332
-------
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. DIELORIN. FIDDLER CRAB.
GROWTH. PREOATION. .... ..... .......... 357
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRDS. DIELORIN. DUCK. VISICN ..... 381
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRD. DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
INCUBATION ............... ... ...... 388
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRD. CHEMISTRY. ODE. DUCKS.
EGGSHELLS. MINERAL COMPOSITION. .. ........... 389
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRD. DDE. DUCK. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRCDUCTIVE SUCCESS. .... ...... ; . . ..... 390
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. SPOT.
TCXAPHENE .......... ......... ..... 391
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. BLUE CRABS. DDT. GROWTH.
INVERTEBRATE .............. ........ .392
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CARBAMATE. ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. GROWTH.
HISTCLOGY. SYNERGISM ......... ......... .394
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTER. PCBS.
SHELLFISH. UPTAKE ........ . . .......... 395
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FISH. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES.
LATENT EFFECTS. MIREX. PERSISTENCE ............ 396
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS.
PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM. UPTAKE. ........... . . 397
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECT.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON. UPTAKE ....... ..... .401
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FISH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. TROUT ..... 416
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AMINO ACIDS. BIOCHEMISTRY. DDT.
DIELDRIN. TROUT. ... ................. 423
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GROWTH. ORGANOCHLOR INE PESTICIDES.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON ............. ... .424
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. FISH. PESTICIDES. PHENOLS.
POPULATION CHANGES. REVIEW ...... - ....... • -435
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BIOCHEMISTRY. HOGCHOKER. PHYSIOLOGY.
WHITE PERCH .......................
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIOMAGNIFICATION. DETGXICAT ICN.
ENZYMCLOGY. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATES., METABCL ISM. . . 452
333
-------
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MARINE ORGANISMS. CRGANOCHLORINES.
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. REVIEW. SCEP. TRANSPORT. ..... 453
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. CATIONS. DDT. ENZYMOLOGY.
INVERTEBRATE. OSMOREGULATION. SHRIMP. ......... .460
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ESCAMBIA BAY. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. PHYSIOLOGY. . .463
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. BIOACCUMULATION. DDT.
DETRITUS. FIDDLER CRABS. UPTAKE 471
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PCBS.
UPTAKE .483
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. MALATHION. ORGANOPHCSPHATE. SALFCN.
TROUT 5C1
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. AZIRIDINE. CHEMOSTERILANTS. GROWTH.
INSECTICIDES. PLANKTON. .. ....... .5C4
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. 8YSSUS FORMATION. GROWTH.
INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL. MYTILUS. ORGANOCHLORINES. .... ,536
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. VINYL CHLORIDE. ......... 538
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ALGAE. NEW ENGLAND.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PRODUCTIVITY.
SKELETOGENESIS .552
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. DEVELOPMENT. DIELDRIN. FLOUNDER.
REPRODUCTION. ......... ...... .565
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BEHAVIOR.
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE REPORT. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW. 581
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. BEHAVIOR. BURROWING. INVERTEBRATE.
PHENOL, ............ . . .585
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. DNP. INVERTEBRATES.
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION. OYSTERS. SEA URCHINS. UPTAKE. ... .595
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. INVERTEBRATE. ORGANCPKOSPHATES.
OYSTERS. REPRODUCTION. 596
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BILATERAL ASYMMETRY, DDT.
DEVELOPMENT. FISH. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GRUMON. . , 612
334
-------
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ALGAE. GROWTH. HERBICIDES.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PRODUCTIVITY. ......... 624
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HERBICIDES.
INSECTICIDES. PCBS. REVIEW. .............. .625
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE.
HERBICIDES. MARINE ALGAE. PLANKTON. WEED CONTROL. . , . ,626
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. FISH. PESTICIDES. ..... .629
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. FIDDLER CRAB. INVERTEBRATES.
LIMB REGENERATION. MOLTING .634
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BEHAVIOR. FISH. MENIDIA. SEVIN. . , . .635
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. CARDIAC MALFORMATION. DEVELOPMENT.
KILLIFISH. PESTICIDES. ,,. ....... 636
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. BRAIN.
ENZYMOLOGY. FISH. MONITORING. ORGANOPHQSPHATE«. .... .644
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. DDT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS. PLANKTON. .... 657
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BIRDS. DDT. PETREL.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS . .659
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. BACTERIA. BEHAVIOR. MICROORGANISMS.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. . .661
SUMITHICN. FOREST PEST CONTROL. NEWFOUNDLAND.
ORGANOPHOSPHATE. SALMON. TROUT. .. ... .281
SURC. CAR8AMATES. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. PLANKTON. .... 560
SURC. ALGAE. CDT. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PLANKTON.
UPTAKE .561
SURF PERCH. FISH. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES 173
SURFACE SLICK. BIOACCUMULATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. RHODE ISLAND. .158
SURFACE SLICKS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. ORGANOCHLORINES 403
SURFACE SLICKS. BIOACCUMULATION.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. .... 553
SURVIVAL. BOOK. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. SYMPOSIUM. ... 352
335
-------
SWEDEN. BALTIC. BIROS. DDT. MAMMAL. METABOLISM. PC8S. . .319
SWEDEN. BOAT PAINT. PCBS. PLANKTON. .......... .326
SYMPOSIUM. COASTAL MARSHES. DDT. FOOD CHAIN. MCLLUSKS.
MONITORING. MORTALITY 080
SYMPOSIUM. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. DDT. MARINE POLLUTION,
OCEANS. PCBS. SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. 172
SYMPOSIUM. BIOLOGICAL IMPACT. ENVIRONMENT. PESTICIDES. . 238
SYMPOSIUM. BCCK. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. SURVIVAL. . . . 352
SYNERGISM. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. ... 034
SYNERGISM. CAR8AMATE. CLAM. GROWTH. SEVIN. SHELLFISH. . .073
SYNERGISM. INVERTEBRATE. METHOXYCHLOR. SALINITY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .095
SYNERGISM. PCBS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SHRIMP. VIRUS. . 127
SYNERGISM. CRUSTACEA. FISH. TOXAPHENE. TOXICITY. .... 132
SYNERGISM. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. INVERTEBRATES.
MCLLUSKS. PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. ........ 146
SYNERGISM. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. OECAPOC. INSECTICIDES.
INVERTEBRATE. TEMPERATURE 179
SYNERGISM. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DEGRADATION.
ESTUARINE FISH. FISH. MUMMICHOG. PESTICIDES. . ISO
SYNERGISM. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. HISTOPATHOLOGY. NTA. . , 185
SYNERGISM. GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON. TEMPERATURE. .... .204
SYNERGISM. HEPATITIS. PCBS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE.
VIRUS INTERACTION , . 219
SYNERGISM. DDT. DUCK. HEPATITUS. VIRUS. . 222
SYNERGISM. DDT. SALMON. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. TRCUT. . .223
SYNERGISM. DDT. DIELDRIN. DUCK. HEPATITIS.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. VIRUS INTERACTION. 220
SYNERGISM. BICACCUMULATION. FISHES. PCBS. PERSISTENCE.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. UPTAKE. ............. 268
336
-------
SYNERGISM. FISH. MALATHION. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. 3C6
SYNERGISM. COST BENEFIT. ECOSYSTEMS,
INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY. GRGANOCHLORINES. WORKSHOP. . . . ". 315
SYNERGISM. HERBICIDE. PCP. SALINITY. SHELLFISH 362
SYNERGISM. CARBAMATE. ENZYMOLQGY. FISH. GROWTH.
HISTCLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT . 394
SYNERGISM.'GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. UPTAKE. 3S7
SYNERGISM. DDT. DIELDRIN. METHOXYCHLOR.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. TROUT. . . . .417
SYNERGISM. CALIFORNIA. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEDIMENT. .... 436
SYNERGISM. DDT. FISH. SALINITY, UPTAKE .449
SYNERGISM. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS. SALINITY. SHRIMP. .... 459
SYNERGISM. FOOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE.
PERSISTENCE, PESTICIDES. REVIEW. TRANSPORT .544
SYNERGISM. PCBS. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. TOXICITY .621
SYNERGISM. BOOK. ENVIRONMENT. PESTICIDES. ....... .647
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. ALDEHYDES. FLORIDA.
KETONES. MONITORING. SEA WATER. ............ .125
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. CHANGING CHEMISTRY. DDT.
MARINE POLLUTION. OCEANS. PCBS. SYMPOSIUM. ....... 112
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. MASSACHUSETTS. NAPHTHALENES.
STORMWATER RUNOFF 297
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC WASTES. MARINE ORGANISMS. PLANKTON.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS 310
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS, PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PUGET SOUND.
RV ONAR. SYOPS. WASHINGTON .488
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. BACTERIA. BEHAVIOR. MICROORGANISMS,
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ...... .... ,6«l
SYOPS. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PUGET SOUNC. RV ONAR.
SYNTHETIC ORGANICS. WASHINGTON .488
337
-------
TEAL. BIROS. COOTS. EGGS. IOWA. PESTICIDES. ...... .331
TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING. FAO.
LIVING RESOURCES. MARINE POLLUTION .041
TECHNICAL CONFERENCE. FAO. FISHERIES. LIVING RESOURCES.
NORTH SEA. PESTICIDES. PLANNING. ............ 113
TEMPERATURE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY, DECAPOD.
INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. SYNERGISM . 119
TEMPERATURE. GROWTH. PC8S. PLANKTON. SYNERGISM. .... .204
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. DDT. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR.
PESTICIDES. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TROUT ...... 225
TEMPERATURE SELECTION. BEHAVIOR. DDT. SALMON. ..... .473
TEMPCRAL CHANGES. ECOSYSTEM. OCEAN CHEMISTRY. OVERVIEW. .654
TERESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM. OCEANS. TRANSPORT 398
TERMINAL RESIDUES. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. PESTICIDES.
REVIEW. .413
TERN. CHANGES OVER TIME. INSECTICIDES. MORTALITY.
NETHERLANDS. PC8S. POPULATION 364
TERNS. DDT. GROWTH AND OEVELCPMENT. LONGISLAND SOUND.
NEW YORK. PC6S. .284
TERNS. BIRD. DDE. EGGSHELL THINNING.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ................. .590
TERNS. ALBERTA. BIRD. CANADA. DDE.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. ...... .. .591
TERPHENYLS. BEHAVIOR. CANADA. FISH. PCTS.
REACTOR COOLANTS. TROUT. ........ 255
TEST CULTURES. COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. HERBICIDES.
PESTICIDES. PLANKTON .6CI
TETRACYCLINE. CTC. MICROORGANISMS. NITROFURANS. SHRIMP. .630
TETRAHYMENA. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM.
MIREX. PCBS. ... ..... 118
TETRAHYMENA. ACCUMULATION. CILIATE. MICROORGANISM.
PCBS 119
338
-------
TEXAS COAST. CHANGES OVER TIKE. DOT.
MARINE PRODUCTIVITY. MONITORING. REPRODUCTION.
SEA TROUT. ..... ..... ... ...... .... 088
TEXAS. GALVESTON BAY. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ORGANOPHOSPHATES. OYSTERS.
WATER ...... ......... ...... ..... ICO
TEXAS. COASTAL MARSHLANDS. CRUSTACEA. INVERTEBRATES.
MALATHION. MOSQUITO CONTROL. PESTICIDES ....... . . 115
TEXAS. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. ORGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. WATER ............. ........ 2Q1
TEXAS. ALDRIN. DUCK. RICE FIELDS. WILDLIFE ..... . . .206
TEXAS. BIRD. FISHEATING BIRD. IBIS. MORTALITY.
PESTICIDES. .............. ......... 2C7
TEXAS. DDT. DIELDRIN. ESTUARINE FAUNA. SAN ANTCMC BAY. .494
THINNING. BIRDS. DOE. EGGSHELL. ENDOCRINOLOGY.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDE. PARATHYROID HORMONE. ..... 2€0
THIOCAN. ENDOSULFAN. JAVA. RICE. . ..... ...... 244
TIDAL MARSH. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FIELD STUCY. FISH.
FLORIDA. INVERTEBRATES ...... . ...... .... .141
TIDAL MARSHES. BHC. COMMUNITY. DDT. DELAWARE.
EFFECTS ON WILDLIFE. REVIEW. STR08ANE. ......... 228
TIDAL MARSHES. DDT. EASTERN US. FIELD STUDY.
INSECTICIDES. MOSQUITO CONTROL. WILDLIFE. ....... .571
TISSUE CHEMISTRY. FISH. INVERTEBRATE. PESTICIDES.
STRESS PROFILES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. .......... .183
TISSUE CHEMISTRY. INSECTICIDES. METAL CONTENT. MOLLUSK.
PHYSIOLOGY. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..............
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, ANALYSIS. PCTS. UPTAKE ....... OC4
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. CUCK. PHTHALATE ESTERS. . . .040
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. DDT. OYSTER. SHELLFISH. UPTAKE. . . 064
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH. MONITORING.
WHITE CROAKERS .......... ..... ...... .1C2
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. DDT. DUCKS. UPTAKE. .... .151
339
-------
TISSUE OISTRUBITION. OCT. DUCKS. METABOLISM.
MONITORING. 152
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLORINES. SCOTLAND .300
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. DUCKS. EGGSHELL THINNING. MIREX.
REPRCDUCTIVE SUCCESS 313
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. DUCKS. MIGRATING POPULATIONS.
PESTICIDES -330
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. FISH. METABOLISM.
PCLYCYCLIC AROHATIC HYDROCARBONS. UPTAKE. 319
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIRD. METABOLISM. PCBS.
PHARMACODYNAMICS .385
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ESCAM8IA BAY. PCBS.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. SHRIMP. TOXICITY .461
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. DDT. INVERTEBRATE. SHRIMP 464
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. GUILLEMOTS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SIGNIFICANCE. UPTAKE . 484
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN.
ORGANOCHLORINES. POST MORTEM. PUFFINS 485
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIOMAGNIFICATION. BIRDS.
BREEDING SUCCESS. FOOD CHAIN. GREAT BRITAIN. PCBS.
SIGNIFICANCE CF RESIDUES .507
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. DDT. EXCRETION. FISH. FLOUNDER.
METABOLISM. MIREX. 510
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. BALD EAGLE. BIRD.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ORGANOCHLORINES. ....... .519
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. AUTOPSY, BALD EAGLES. BIRD.
MORTALITY , 520
TISSUE DISTRIBUTICN. BIOACCUMULATION. ENDOSULFAN.
INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL. M.YTILUS 535
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIOACCUMULATION. BLUE CRABS.
INVERTEBRATE. MIREX. UPTAKE 550
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. CANADA. DOT. FISH.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HUMAN FOOD. SHELLFISH. .... .570
340
-------
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. BIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX.
PERSISTENCE. TOXICITY. UPTAKE 584
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. CALIFORNIA.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMAL. PESTICIDES. WHILES. . . 648
TOXAPHENE. DIELCRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. OYSTERS.
PESTICIDES. TOXICITY. 090
TCXAPHENE. CRUSTACEA. FISH. SYNERGISM, TOXICITY. .... 132
TOXAPHENE. DREDGING. GEORGIA. PERSISTENCE. SEDIMENTS, . .166
TOXAPHENE. FISH. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. SPOT.
SU8LETHAL EFFECT. ................... .3S1
TCXAPHENE. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. GEORGIA.
POLLUTION ABATEMENT. SPECIES DIVERSITY 522
TCXAPHENE. GEORGIA. MONITORING. . ..... .523
TOXIC CHEMICALS. CALIFORNIA. CLEAR LAKE. ECOSYSTEM.
MODEL 139
TOXIC SUBSTANCES. BEHAVIOR. CDT. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES.
FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW. TRANSPORT. . 653
TOXIC WASTES. ANTARCTIC. ARCTIC.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. ...... 338
TOXIC ZONES. CYANIDES. FISH. FISH KILL.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. PHENOLS. SALMONIDS. ....... .568
TCXICITY CRITERIA. MARINE ANIMALS. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS 074
TOXICITY. BICASSAY. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS.
COMPARATIVE TCXICITY. FISHES. GREAT LAKES. LAMPREYS. . . 026
TOXICITY. HEALTH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. REVIEW. . ,030
TCXICITY. BENTAZON. BIOMAGNIFICATION. ECOSYSTEM.
HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. MODEL. 056
TCXICITY. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS. DDT. FISH AND WILDLIFE.
HABITAT MODIFICATION. HERBICIDES. MONITORING. ..... ,089
TOXICITY. DIELDRIN. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. OYSTERS.
PESTICIDES. TOXAPHENE. .....,.« ... 090
341
-------
TOXICITY. INSECTICIDES. INVERTEBRATE. LOBSTERS.
METABOLISM. PARATHION. ..... ....... 098
TCXICITY. ODT. FISH AND WILDLIFE. MONITORING.
MORTALITY. OVERVIEW .«. 126
TOXICITY. CRUSTACEA. FISH. SYNERGISM. TCXAPHENE. . , . . 132
TCXICITY. BUREAU COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. MGNITCRIKG.
OVERVIEW. PESTICIDES .160
TOXICITY. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. OVERVIEW. RESEARCH NEEDS. .175
TOXICITY. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
MODEL. PC8S. REVIEW. TRANSPORT .260
TOXICITY. ASULAM. DUCK. HERBICIDE. TROUT 314
TCXICITY. CHLORINATED BY PRODUCTS. DEGRADATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE POLLUTION.
VINYL CHLORIDE ,. .323
TOXICITY. FISH. PESTICIDES. STRIPED BASS 368
TCXICITY. DIAZINON. DURSBAN, ESTUARINE ORGANISES.
FIELD STUDY. PERSISTENCE .4G5
TOXICITY. FISF. INSECTICIDES. PYRETHRIN. SALFCMDS. . . .408
TCXICITY. DIATOMS. OYSTER CULTURE. PESTICIDES 457
TCXICITY. ESCAMBIA BAY. PCBS. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE.
SHRINP. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 461
TCXICITY. DOT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECTS. ROTENONE.
TROUT. VOLUME 5C8
TOXICITY. CHESAPEAKE BAY. ESTUARINE ANIMALS.
FIELD STUDY. HERBICIDES .514
TOXICITY. BICACCUMULATION. FISH. INVERTEBRATES. PCBS.
REVIEW. ... ........ .575
TOXICITY. BIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX. PERSISTENCE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. UPTAKE 584
TOXICITY. AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE. NORTH AMERICA.
POLLUTANTS. RESEARCH CATALOG. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. . .603
TOXICITY. PCBS. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISH. ..... 621
342
-------
TOXICOLOGY. DIQUAT. HERBICIDES. PARAQUAT. REVIEW. . . . .094
TOXICOLOGY. AQUATIC ORGANISMS. FRESHWATER.
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. TROUT. ....... 415
TOXICOLOGY. BIQMAGNIFICATIQN. ENVIRONMENT. PCBS.
REVIEW. .492
TOXICOLOGY. BIRDS. HISTOLOGY. PCBS. REVIEW 618
TRANSFORMATION. DEGRADATION. METABOLISM.
MICROORGANISMS. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON 487
TRANSLOCATION. INVERTEBRATES. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PROGRESS REPORT. VIRGINIA ,. 616
TRANSLOCATION. MANGROVE. ORGANOCHLORINES. UPTAKE 627
TRANSPORT. AGRICULTURAL LAND. MODEL.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. PESTICIDE. RUNCFF,
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS. ............... 032
TRANSPORT. ALEWIFE. ANADROMOUS FISH. PESTICIDE. .... .036
TRANSPORT. CHEMICAL ASPECTS. CONFERENCE. FAO. MODEL.
POLLUTION. , . . . 045
TRANSPORT. ESTUARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. .083
TRANSPORT. CIRCULATION. DDT. DEGRADATION. ECOSYSTEM.
MODEL. PLANKTON 140
TRANSPORT. CONFERENCE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. ICOE.
OHGANCCHLORINES. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. REVIEW. . . . 157
TRANSPORT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDE USE.
SOCIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS. ...... .... 176
TRANSPORT. CANADA. DDT. FIELD STUDY. LATENT EFFECT.
SALMCN - I188
TRANSPORT. FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA.
METABOLISM. MODEL. PCBS. PCP. PHTHALATE ESTERS 2C5
TRANSPORT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MODEL. PESTICIDES. . 239
TRANSPORT. CHANGES OVER TIME. CHEMICALS. OCEANS.
OVERVIEW,
,241
TRANSPORT. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
MODEL. PCBS. REVIEW. TCXICITY 2fiO
343
-------
TRANSPORT. MARINE ENVIRONMENT. PCBS. SEWAGE DISPOSAL.
SOURCES 298
TRANSPORT. OVERVIEW. POLLUTANTS.
RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. SEDIMENT. . . . . .334
TRANSPORT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION-
PESTICIDE MANUFACTURE. POLLUTION POTENTIAL. PRODUCTION. .373
TRANSPORT. OCEANS. TERESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM 398
TRANSPORT. DEGRADATION. PERSISTENCE. PESTICIDES.
REVIEW 427
TRANSPORT. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE ORGANISMS.
QRGANOCHLORINES. RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. REVIEW. SCEP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 453
TRANSPORT. PCBS. PRODUCTION. REVIEW . 467
TRANSPORT. FULVIC ACID. PHTHALATES 474
TRANSPORT. FAC CONFERENCE. MARINE ENVIRONMENT.
ORGANCCHLORINES. REVIEW. WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. . . . .476
TRANSPORT. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANOCHLGRINES.
MARINE ORGANISMS. OCEANOGRAPHY. PACIFIC . . 478
TRANSPORT. ADSORPTION. COLLOIDS. CONCENTRATION. DDT.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. 499
TRANSPORT. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. METABOLISM. OCCURRENCE.
PCBS. REVIEW. 490
TRANSPORT. ADSORPTION. 8ENTHCS. DOT.
PARTICULATE MATTER. SEDIMENT. ... .496
TRANSPORT. MOSQUITO CONTROL. NORTHEASTERN US. ..... .517
TRANSPORT. BIRDS. FISH. MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.
ORGANCCHLORINES. PACIFIC. REVIEW ....... .526
TRANSPORT. DDT, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PESTICIDES. . . 529
TRANSPORT. MARINE POLLUTION. MONITORING SYSTEMS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. OVERVIEW. RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS. . . 530
TRANSPORT. AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF. CALIFORNIA. DDT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. SEDIMENTS .540
TRANSPORT. FOOD CHAIN. HOME AND GARDEN USE.
PERSISTENCE. PESTICIDES. REVIEW. SYNERGISM. ...... .544
344
-------
TRANSPORT. ATLANTIC, GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.
LOWER ATMOSPHERE. PESTICIDES. ... ...... .... .554
TRANSPORT. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION. OCT.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION ....... , ..... .... 579
TRANSPORT. ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDE. PARATHION.
PERSISTENCE. SOIL ..... . ..... ......... 580
TRANSPORT. ATLANTIC. FOOD CHAINS. QRGANOCHLORINES.
PLANKTON. PROGRESS REPORT. WOODS HOLE. ......... 6§0
TRANSPORT. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PC8S. PLANKTON.
PROGRESS REPORT. WOODS HOLE. . ........... . . 651
TRANSPORT. BEHAVIOR. DDT. ECOLOGICAL CYCLES.
FOOD CHAIN. OVERVIEW. TOXIC SUBSTANCES .......... 653
TRANSPORT. ECOSYSTEM. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICICES.
OVERVIEW ...... ........ .......... .658
TRIAL MONITORING. DUCKS. NEW YORK. PENNSYLVANIA.
PESTICIDES. WINGS. . '. ............... . . 288
TRIPHOTURUS. CALIFORNIA. DDT. FISH,
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. GULF OF CALIFORNIA. ...... 133
TROPHIC LEVEL. FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR.
ORGAfcOCHLORINES. PCBS. TROUT. UPTAKE. ......... .480
TROUT. DDT. NERVOUS SYSTEM. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ...... .020
TROUT. DIELDRIN. GROWTH. SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ....... 1C4
TROUT. ENDRIN. HISTOPATHOLOGY. .... ......... 187
TROUT. DDT. SALMON. SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SYNERGISK. . .223
TROUT. DDT. FISH. METHCXYCHLCR. PESTICICES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. TEMPERATURE SELECTION. . ..... . . 225
TROUT. BIOCHEMISTRY. ENDRIN. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ............ • .......
TROUT. ENZYMOLOGY. FIDDLER CRAB. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
PESTICIDES ........... ...... ....... 253
TROUT. BEHAVIOR. CANADA. FISH. PCTS. REACTOR COOLANTS.
TERPHENYLS. . . ........ ..... ........ 255
TROUT. FOREST PEST CONTROL. NEWFOUNDLAND .
ORGANCPHCSPHATE. SALMON. SUMITHION. ......•••• -281
345
-------
TROUT. PESTICIDES. PHENOL. PLASTIC WASTE, REVIEW.
SALMON. .302
TROUT. METABOLISM. PC8S 312
TROUT. ASULAM. DUCK. HERBICIDE. TOXICITY ... .314
TROUT. BIOACCUMULATION. BIOMAGNIFICATION. DDT. FISH.
FOOD CHAIN .399
TROUT. DDT. OIELDRIN. INTERACTION. METABOLISM. UPTAKE. . 4CO
TROUT. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. HALFLIFE ESTIMATION.
PERSISTENCE. ............... .. 4C7
TROUT. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH CONTROL. LAMPREY,
NITROSALICYLANILIOE. .... 4C9
TROUT. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. FISH CONTROL.
NITRCSALICYLANILIDES 410
TROUT. AQUATIC ORGANISMS. FRESHWATER.
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS. TOXICOLOGY .415
TROUT. FISH. PHTHALATE ESTERS. SUBLETKAL EFFECTS 416
TROUT. DOT. DIELDRIN. METHOXYCHLOR.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SYNERGISM .417
TROUT. OIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PHENYLALANINE. ...... .422
TROUT. AMINO ACIDS. BIOCHEMISTRY. DOT. DIELDRIN.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .423
TROUT. FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR. ORGANCCHLORIKES.
PCBS. TROPHIC LEVEL. UPTAKE. .............. 480
TROUT. MALATHION. ORGANOPHOSPHATE. SALMON.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT .5G1
TROUT. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECTS. ROTENONE.
TCXICITY. VOLUME 5C8
TROUT. ALASKA. FOOD CHAIN. HERBICIDE. 2 4 D 551
UPDATE. METABOLISM. PESTICIDES. REVIEW 428
UPTAKE SYSTEMS. FAQ CONFERENCE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS.
PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. REVIEW. STIMULATORY EFFECTS. . . . 468
UPTAKE. ANALYSIS. PCTS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. ...... OC4
346
-------
UPTAKE. FOOD CHAIN. PESTICIDES. POPULATION. REVIEW.
SU8LETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. ............. .034
UPTAKE. DDT. CYSTER. SHELLFISH. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . . 064
UPTAKE. BIRD. DIELDRIN. MODIFYING EFFECTS. MCRTJLJTY.
STRESS. ••••«...............,... »1C9
UPTAKE. DDT. FOOD CHAINS. PLANKTON. .135
UPTAKE. CALIFORNIA CURRENT. CDT. INVERTEBRATE. MODEL.
OCEANIC FOOD CHAINS. SHRIMP 137
UPTAKE. BIRDS. CDT. DUCKS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. 151
UPTAKE. CRAB.'DIELDRIN. INVERTEBRATE. ......... .194
UPTAKE. BIOACCUMULATIQN. DDT. FISH. INVERTEBRATE.
MARINE ORGANISMS. METABOLISM. NORTH SEA. ........ 197
UPTAKE. DOT. FISH. METABOLISM. SOLE. .......... 198
UPTAKE. AROCLCR 1016. FISH. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATES.
PCBS 267
UPTAKE. BIQACCUMULATION. FISHES. PCBS. PERSISTENCE,
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM. . .268
UPTAKE. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. FISH. FLORID*.
METABOLISM. SHELLFISH. SIGNIFICANCE. . . 272
UPTAKE. BIOACCUMULATION. DDT. MARINE DIATOMS.
METABOLISM. PLANKTON. 342
UPTAKE. BIOCHEMISTRY. GROWTH. MARINE DIATOM. PCES.
PLANKTON 343
UPTAKE. BACTERIA. BIOCHEMISTRY. DOT. GROWTH.
METABOLISM. PCB ........ 344
UPTAKE. HERBICIDES. METABOLISM. PCP. SHELLFISH. .... .359
UPTAKE. DETOXICATION. HERBICIDE. METABOLISM. PCP.
SHELLFISH. - •
UPTAKE. FISH. METHOXYCHLOR. MIREX. MULLET.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE • -377
UPTAKE. FISH. METABOLISM.
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . 379
347
-------
UPTAKE. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTER. PCBS. SHELLFISH.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS ....... . ........ . . , . 395
UPTAKE. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS. SYNERGISM. ............. .397
UPTAKE. DDT. CIELDRIN. INTERACTION. METABOLISM. TROUT. . 400
UPTAKE. DDT. LIGHT. MODIFYING EFFECT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..... ... ..... .. .401
UPTAKE. 8IOMAGNIFICATIGN. ORGANCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PERSISTENCE. REVIEW ................... 426
UPTAKE. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM. MODEL. PHTHALATES. ..... .429
I
UPTAKE. DDT. FISH. SALINITY. SYNERGISM. ... ..... .449
UPTAKE. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT. SIZE. ....... 450
UPTAKE. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECT. MONITORING.
RESPIRATION. ....... . .......... .... 451
UPTAKE. BIOACCUMULATION. ESCAM8IA BAY. PCBS. SHRIMP. . . 462
UPTAKE. ESCAM6IA BAY. FIDDLER CRABS. INVERTEBRATES.
PC8S. SEDIMENT. SHRIMP. .... ............. 465
UPTAKE. BEHAVIOR* 81 OACCUMUL ATION. DDT. DETRITUS.
FIDDLER CRABS. SUBLETHAL EFFECT ............. 471
UPTAKE. FOOD CHAIN. LAKE SUPERIOR. QRGANOCHLCRIKES.
PCBS. TROPHIC LEVEL. TROUT. ........... ...
UPTAKE. FISHES. OYSTERS. PCBS. SHRIMP .......... 482
UPTAKE. GROWTH. HISTOLOGY. OYSTERS. PCBS.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT ..................... 483
UPTAKE. BIRDS. GREAT BRITAIN. GUILLEMOTS.
ORGANOCHLORINES. SIGNIFICANCE. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . . .484
UPTAKE. ACCUMULATION. CIELDRIN. MOLLUSK. ........ 495
UPTAKE. DDT. DETOXIFICATION. FISH. METABOLISM. SALMON. . 5C5
UPTAKE. DDA. EXCRETION. FISHES. FLOUNDER.
MODIFYING EFFECTS. RENAL SYSTEM. ... ..... . . . . 5C9
UPTAKE. ENOOSULFAN. INVERTEBRATE. MUSSEL.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS. SHELLFISH ........... . . 534
348
-------
UPTAKE. FRESHWATER. INVERTEBRATES. PHTHALATE ENTERS.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ..... . .545
UPTAKE. BIOACCUMULATION. BLUE CRABS. INVERTEBRATE.
MIREX. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. 550
UPTAKE. ALGAE. DDT. DIELDRIN. METABOLISM. PLANKTON.
SURC 561
UPTAKE. METABOLISM. MICROORGANISMS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. PERSISTENCE .569
UPTAKE. BIRDS. LATENT EFFECT. MIREX. PERSISTENCE.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. TCXICITY 584
*
UPTAKE. DNP. INVERTEBRATES. CXYGEN CONSUMPTION.
OYSTERS. SEA URCHINS. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 595
UPTAKE. INVERTEBRATES. OYSTERS. PC8S. SHELLFISH. .... 619
UPTAKE. MANGROVE. ORGANOCHLQRINES. TRANSLOCATION 627
UPTAKE. HISTOLOGY. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. 642
UPTAKE. INVERTEBRATE. PCBS, SENSITIVE LIFE STAGE. . . . .643
UPTAKE. BACTERIA. GROWTH. PCBS. PLANKTON.
RESISTANT STRAINS. WOODS HOLE REPORT .652
USDI. ALDRIN. DCT. OVERVIEW. WATER QUALITY. KATERFCWL.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. . 067
VIETNAM. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES. OVERVIEW. ....... .114
VIETNAM. ESTUARINE ECOLOGY. FISHERIES. HERBICIDE.
MANGROVE. MILITARY DEFOLIATION .150
VIETNAM. AAAS STUDY. DIOXIN. FISH. SAIGON. ....... 555
VIETNAM. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS. HERBICIDE. MANGROVE. ... .638
VIETNAM. COMMUNITY. HERBICIDES. MANGROVES.
MILITARY USE 639
VINYL CHLORIDE. CHLORINATED BY PRODUCTS. DEGRADATION.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MARINE POLLUTION. TOXICITY. . . 323
VINYL CHLORIDE. BARNACLE. BEHAVIOR.
INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT. INVERTEBRATE.
SENSITIVE LIFE STAGES. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS .538
349
-------
VIRGINIA. BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS. CHESAPEAKE BAY. FISH.
MARYLAND. MOLLUSKS. PESTICIDES. .... .448
VIRGINIA. INVERTEBRATES. ORGANOCHLORINES.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSLOCATICN. ..... .616
VIRGINIA. ESTUARIES. MONITORING. PESTICIDES. REPORT, , . 617
' ii.
VIRGINIA. OYSTERS. PESTICIDES. PCLYSTREAM.
PREDATOR CONTROL. SEVIN 649
VIRUS INTERACTION. HEPATITIS. PCBS.
RESISTANCE TC DISEASE. SYNERGISM. . 219
VIRUS INTERACTION. DDT. DIELDRIN. DUCK. HEPATITIS.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SYNERGISM .220
VIRUS. PCBS. RESISTANCE TO DISEASE. SHRIMP. SYNERGISM. . 127
VIRUS. HISTOLOGY. MIREX. PCBS. SHRIMP.
SUBLETHAL EFFECT. ..... .. ,128
VIRUS. DOT. CUCK. HEPATITUS. SYNERGISM . .222
VISION. BIRDS. CIELDRIN. DUCK. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 381
VOLUME. DDT. FISH. MODIFYING EFFECTS. RCTENONE.
TOXICITY. TROUT 5C8
WASHINGTON. ALASKA. MAMMALS. ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PRIBILOF ISLANDS. SEALS. ....... 013
WASHINGTON. PESTICIDES. PLANKTON. PUGET SOUND. RV CNAR,
SYNTHETIC ORG4NICS. SYOPS 488
WASTEWATER TREATMENT. BENZPYRENE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT.
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. WATER ENVIRONMENT 015
WATER ENVIRONMENT. BENZPYRENE. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANT.
POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
RECOMMENDED RESEARCH. WASTEWATER TREATMENT 015
WATER QUALITY. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PCBS.
PESTICIDES , .037
WATER QUALITY. ALDRIN. DDT. OVERVIEW. USOI. feATERFCfoL.
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. ... Q€7
WATER QUALITY. AQUATIC FAUNA AND FLORA. PESTICIDES.
REVIEW. SOURCES 107
350
-------
WATER QUALITY. LITERATURE COMPILATION. PCBS.
PESTICIDES 350
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. CALIFORNIA. PESTICIDES. .... .419
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. EPA. NAE. NAS 454
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. INDUSTRIAL TOXICANTS. OVERVIEW.
PESTICIDES. RESEARCH NEEDS. ... .455
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA. AQUATIC LIFE. EUROPE.
NORTH AMERICA. POLLUTANTS. RESEARCH CATALOG. TOXICITY. . 603
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA.
NATIONAL TECHNICAL ADVISORY CGMM. . , .... ,6C9
WATER SEDIMENT EXCHANGE. FAO CONFERENCE.
MARINE ENVIRONMENT. ORGANOCHLORINES. REVIEW. TRANSPORT. .476
WATERFOWL. ALCRIN. DDT. OVERVIEW. USDI. WATER QUALITY,
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. ...... . . 067
WATER. GALVESTON BAY. MOSQUITO CONTROL.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ORGANOPHQSPHATES. OYSTERS.
TEXAS ICO
WATER. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. PCBS. PCNS. SEDIMENT. . .143
WATER. BIOTA. ESCAMBIA BAY. FLORIDA. PCBS. SEDIMENT. . . 164
WATER. ESTUARINE ORGANISMS. CRGANOCHLCRINE PESTICIDES.
SEDIMENT. TEXAS. ......... 201
WATER. DIQUAT. HERBICIDES. MCLLUSKS. SEDIMENT.
WEED CONTROL. • .......... .282
WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS. AGRICULTURAL LAND. MODEL.
PESTICIDE ATTENUATION PROCESSES. PESTICIDE. RUNOFF.
TRANSPORT • 032
WEED CONTROL. DIQUAT. HERBICIDES. MOLLUSKS. SEDIMENT.
WATER • 282
WEED CONTROL. BIOCHEMISTRY. CARBOHYDRATE. HERBICIDES.
MARINE ALGAE. PLANKTON. SUBLETHAL EFFECT 626
WHALE OILS. CANADA. HERRING OILS. MAMMALS. MARINE OILS.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. SEAL OILS • • • -005
WHALES. ARCTIC. CANADA. DDT. MACKENZIE DELTA OG3
351
-------
WHALES. CALIFORNIA. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MAMMAL.
PESTICIDES. TISSUE DISTRIBUTION 648
WHITE CROAKERS. CALIFORNIA. COT. FISH. MONITORING.
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION. . . . IC2
WHITE PERCH. BIOCHEMISTRY. HOGCHOKER. PHYSIOLOGY.
SUBLETHAL EFFECTS 442
WHITE TAILED EAGLE. FISHEATING BIRO. GERMANY.
ORGANCCHLORINES. .......... 363
WHOOPING CRANES. CANADA. EGGSHELL THICKNESS. ...... 019
WHOOPING CRANES. EVERGLADE KITES.
CRGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. .. 312
WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT. ALDRIN. DDT. OVERVIEW. USCI.
WATER QUALITY. WATERFOWL. ...... ... .067
WILDLIFE RESOURCES. PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. .... 6C7
WILDLIFE. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. HCB.
MONITORING STUDIES. MONITORING.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES. ... ....... 043
WILDLIFE. CHLORINATED CIBENZCDIOXINS.
CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS. EMBRYONIC DEATH.
REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS 063
WILDLIFE. BIRDS. MONITORING. PESTICIDES 168
WILDLIFE. ALDRIN. DUCK. RICE FIELDS. TEXAS. . . 2C6
WILDLIFE. BIRCS. EGGS. GREAT BRITAIN. ORGANOCHLCRINES. . 3C8
WILDLIFE. CONFIRMATION. PCBS. ............. .525
WILDLIFE. HAZARD. PESTICIDES. REVIEW ,543
WILDLIFE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS.
ORGANOPHOSPHATES 558
WILDLIFE. DDT. EASTERN US. FIELD STUDY. INSECTICIDES.
MOSQUITO CONTROL. TIDAL MARSHES. . ..... 571
WILDLIFE. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY. DUCKS. HANDBOOK.
PESTICIDES , .598
WILDLIFE. FISH. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. PESTICIDES.
PROGRESS REPORT , 6C5
352
-------
WILDLIFE. PESTICIDES. PROGRESS REPORT. REPRODUCTION. . . 6C8
WINGS. DUCKS. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING.
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES , 286
WINGS. CHANGES OVER TIME. DDT. DUCKS.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. MONITORING. PESTICIDES 287
WINGS. DUCKS. NEW YORK. PENNSYLVANIA. PESTICIDES.
TRIAL MONITORING. , ,288
WINTER FLOUNDER. FISH. MASSACHUSETTS. MIGRATION.
ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES . 564
WISCONSIN. DDT. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION. GULLS.
POPULATION STUDIES. REPRODUCTION 346
WOODS HOLE. ATLANTIC. FOOD CHAINS. QRGANOCHLCRINES.
PLANKTON. PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT. 650
WOODS HOLE. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. PC8S. PLANKTCN.
PROGRESS REPORT. TRANSPORT ,651
WOODS HOLE REPORT. BACTERIA. GROWTH. PC8S. PLANKTCN.
RESISTANT STRAINS. UPTAKE 652
WORKSHOP. COST BENEFIT. ECOSYSTEMS.
INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY. ORGANOCHLORINES. SYNERGISM. . . . .315
WORLD MONITORING SYSTEM. DESIGN. PCBS. PESTICIDES.
RECOMMENDATIONS. ....... . 376
XENOBIOTICS. EXCRETION. FISH. METABOLISM.
ORGANOCHLORINES. . , . OC2
X-RAY DIFFRACTION. CALIFORNIA. EGGSHELL THINNING.
FLORIDA. PELICAN. SOUTH CAROLINA. . . .245
YUKON. ALASKA. CANADA. ORGANCCHLORINE PESTICIDES.
PEREGRINE FALCON. • ..... .190
ZOOPLANKTCN. ATLANTIC. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTICN. PCBS.
PLANKTCN. • .533
2 4 C. ALGAE. DOT. METABOLISM. . 062
2 4 D. ALASKA. FOOD CHAIN. HERBICIDE. TROUT. ...... 551
2 4 D. AGENT ORANGE. AIR FORCE. BIRDS. FIELD STUDY.
FISH. HERBICIDES. ........ • -660
2 4 DNP.' EMBRYOS. FISH. PESTICIDE. RESPIRATICN. .... ,577
353
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-76-075
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO,
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
The Ecological Impact of Synthetic Organic Compounds
on Estuarine Ecosystems
5. REPORT DATE
September 1976 (Issuing Date)
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Jeffrey L. Lincer, Marita E. Haynes, Marian L. Klein
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Mote Marine Laboratory
9501 Blind Pass Road
Sarasota, Florida 33581
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1EA077 ROAP/Task 10AKC/043
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
This review and indexed bibliography concerns the presence and effects of pesticides
(i.e., insecticides, -herbicides, fungicides, etc.) and industrial toxicants in the
estuarine ecosystem. The industrial toxicants refer, primarily, to polychlorinated
biphenyls, but phthalate esters, polychlorinated terphenyls, chlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins and dibenzofurans are also discussed. The review covers literature of the
last decade, with emphasis on the most recent 5 years. However, the 700-plus refer-
ences in the bibliography span a much wider range. A permuted keyword retrieval
system (SPINDEX) is provided to allow practical use of the bibliography by scientists,
academicians, and societal decision makers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
*Pesticides
*Estuaries
*Bibliographies
*0rganic compounds
Fungicides
Herbicides
Insecticides
Ecology
DDT
B ioaccumulat ion
Persistence
Synthetic organic
compounds
Pesticide effects
Estuarine Ecosystems
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Toxicological effects
6F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
364
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
354
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