Ecological Research Series
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY DURING THE
HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY, JULY 1974
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
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REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconornic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
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8. "Special" Reports
9. Miscellaneous Reports
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and animal spe-
cies, and materials. Problems are assessed for their long- and short-term influ-
ences. Investigations include formation, transport, and pathway studies to deter-
mine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work provides the technical basis
for setting standards to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms in the
aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/3-77-073
July 1977
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY DURING
THE HOUSTON URBAN PLUME STUDY, JULY "19 74'
by
Gale F. Hoffnagle
INTERA Environmental Consultants, Ltd.
Houston, Texas 77027
Contract No. 5-02-0025A
Project Officer
Jack L. Durham
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Division
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA 27711
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Sciences Research
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publica-
tion. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
ii
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ABSTRACT
Meteorological parameters were measured during an EPA sponsored air
sampling program from 15-24 July, 1974, in Houston, Texas. The data
collected are primarily surface anemometer data and pilot-balloon soundings
to 1830 meters above ground. These measured data, along with plots, from the
National Weather Service, have been utilized to provide an overall meteo-
rological analysis of conditions .during the sampling program. Because the
air sampling was performed primarily from a fixed-wind aircraft, emphasis
was given to the ambient environment aloft.
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract No. 5-02-0025A
by the INTERA Environmental Consultants, Ltd. under the sponsorship of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This report covers a period from
1 July 1974 to 1 July 1975, and work was completed as of May 1977.
iii
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The National Weather Service (NWS) Houston office, was of special
assistance in both the data recovering and the forecasting efforts. The use
of the Environmental Meteorological Support Unit (EMSU) site for pilot-
balloon releases, and the helpfulness of the EMSU staff is also appreciated.
Special thanks go to Mr. Ervin Vollbrecht, the Meteorologist-in-Charge of
the Houston office, and Mr. William Cope, the EMSU Meteorologist.
The pilot-balloon soundings were taken by the United States Air Force,
Air Weather Service, 6th Mobile Weather Squadron, Tinker AFB—with the
assistance of students from Texas A&M University, University of Texas School
of Public Health, and North Carolina State University.
The forecasting phase was also assisted by the Texas Air Control Board,
Meteorology Section. Mr. Rollie Schrader was consulted prior to each forecast
so that the most accurate forecast possible could be presented to the aircraft
sampling team.
Mr. Tim Oujezdaky, meteorologist with the Environmental Protection
Department, Houston Lighting and Power Company, collected data from a recently
installed ambient air quality network.
The advice and assistance of Dr. James R. Brock of the Department of
Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, is also appreciated.
Deep appreciation also goes to all the personnel who worked long hours
out in the field at tedious jobs.
iv
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
During July 1974, the Aerosol Research Branch, Atmospheric Chemistry
and Physics Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency sponsored
a field investigation, "Houston Urban Plume Study." This report represents
a limited portion of that study's results.
The meteorological support was to provide two services.
First, forecasts of weather conditions were made to facilitate planning
lor the sampling exercises. These forecasts included cloud cover, precipi-
tation probability, general weather trends, and diffusion-related parameters
such as inversion height and the average wind speed and direction in that
inversion layer. The forecasting skill obtained during the study period is
of little import to the analysis of the data and will not be discussed.
Second, the meteorological effort was directed towards data collection.
NWS data was obtained from the Houston office. The U.S. Air Force sent a
team of weather observation personnel from the 6th Mobile Weather Squadron
to take pilot-balloon observations during sampling operations. Houston
Lighting and Power provided available surface wind measurements from their
ambient air quality network.
All of this information is included here so that the report may serve
as a single reference to the meteorology of the sampling period.
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SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The Houston Urban Plume Study represents an unusual meteorological
situation. A strong, persistent high over Arkansas prevented normal
weather systems from penetrating into the Houston area (the same high
pressure center was responsible for the lengthy summer drought in the
Great Plains).
2. This.high allowed a mesoscale pattern of consistent, strong, low-level,
westerly-to-southwesterly flow on each successive morning. Consequently,
the inversion layer was well ventilated.
3. Because of opposing flow for low-level and upper-level winds, most of
the mornings experienced a very calm transition zone between 910 and
1530 meters. Flows in this zone were very weak and variable in direction.
4. It would be useful to compare this period of relatively constant westerly
surface flows with what is expected for a Houston summer. Southwest to
westerly winds are the least frequent wind directions for Houston;
and yet, here were six consecutive days with inversion winds from those
directions.
5. Future studies should cover a longer period of time in order to increase
the possibility of obtaining data for more unusual climatic circumstances.
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SECTION 3
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
PILOT BALLOONS
Pilot balloons were used to determine wind speed and wind direction
above the ground. Wind speed and direction were calculated on a plotting
board for elevations up to 1200 m (3600 ft.)- Six locations were used each
day. One position was.switched from Conroe, Texas, (the day of 19 July,
1974, only), to the San Jacinto Monument Site and to Galveston (the day of
24 July, 1974 only). All of the pilot-balloon sites are shown in Figure 1
and ground-level anemometer sites. Pilot balloons were taken to the EMSU
site in order to provide consistency with the rawinsonde data, and because
the site is an excellent central urban site. At 0700 Central Daylight Time
(CDT) each morning, the rawinsonde and a pibal were released simultaneously
to assure consistency. This procedure was essential to reconstructing the
pilot-balloon release program. The other sites were selected to provide
data in all four quadrants from the central site and, in the case of the San
Jacinto site, to be downwind of the central urban area. Tables 1-47 give
the hour-by-hour pilot-balloon results at up to six sites. The rawinsonde
data is included at 0700 CDT each day.
1
In order to retain clarity, only the data points at even 190 m (600-ft)
intervals are reported. The nominal 190 m (600-ft) height has been approxi-
mated from an ascension rate of 185 m/min (606.8 ft/min). This was obtained
with 30-g balloons filled to a nominal 139 g of free lift with helium.
The use of single, theodolite, pilot-balloon observations presupposes
that the ascension rate is known and constant. Variations in actual free
lift given to the balloon and vertical velocities in the atmosphere may
alter the ascension rate from the nominal values. On hot, summer afternoons
in Houston, the heating at ground surface creates convective activity which
results in significant vertical velocities. Steep inversions can, through
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temperature differences, retard the ascension of a balloon. Inaccurate
filling can be easily spotted if the calculated wind speed is directly
proportional to the ascension rate. For instance, at the Aldine site at
1000 CDT on 22 July (Table 31), the wind speeds are much faster than the
speeds measured simultaneously at the other sites—it is suspected the
balloon was overfilled. However, problems with ascension rate are usually
hard to detect.
SURFACE DATA
Measurements of meteorological parameters at the surface are recorded
on Tables 48-53. These data include wind speeds and directions for the
standard 10-m height from both NWS sites (EMSU and Intercontinental) and the
Houston Lighting and Power ambient air quality monitoring network. The
locations of these sites are marked on Figure 1. That network had just
begun operations; and although the data has some gaps, it does provide, some
interesting additions. Temperature, dew-point, and cloud cover descriptions
are added for the Intercontinental location.
Meteorological.Analysis
General—
Because this analysis has been accomplished without knowledge of the
sampling results, it will not seek to explain those results. Consequently,
the present analysis will not be biased by the experimentally observed
concentrations of pollutants.
15-18 July, 1974—During this period, the sampling portion of the study
was restricted. This was in part due to the set up of equipment, but pri-
marily due to powerful thunderstorms from the Gulf of Mexico. Sampling data
taken on the morning of the 16th is not included here because of the pre-
liminary nature of sampling. By 18 July, none of the thunderstorms generated
out in the Gulf made landfall. The morning rawinsonde on the 18th showed
only a very shallow surface inversion (150 m). That inversion helped to
trap water vapor brought in by southeasterly breezes at groundlevel, and
brought the dew-point almost equal to the dry-bulb temperature. Above the
inversion, the air was very dry. The wind directions at the rawinsonde
stations in Victoria (Texas), Houston, and Lake Charles (Louisiana) indicated
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30°0'N
29°30'N
Stations for 1974 HUPS
D TACB
(Continuous
Monitoring)
Lake
Houston
Houston
Intercontinental
Airport-
C.E.KingH.
Interstate 10
San Jacinto
Mon.
WestburyH.S.
Galveston Bay
24
95°30'
28 29 3Q 3
95°0'W
32 33
Figure 1. Site locations
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that the flow was along the coast, i.e. Victoria from the SSW, Houston from
the SW, and Lake Charles from the WSW. This was typical of the period
during the sampling study.
The synoptic situation through the sampling period (Figure 2) showed
only small surface pressure changes across the Gulf Coast area, and small
day-to-day changes in the weather pattern. Frontal systems were crossing
the U.S. well to the north of the study area, with the closest one in
Oklahoma. There was a predominance of local weather control and a fairly
uniform diurnal cycle was expected.
19 July, 1974—The sampling program began in earnest on 19 July. The
00 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) (1900 CDT on IS July) weather charts showed only
small pressure changes across the entire southern half of the country. The
850 mb and the 700 mb charts had two high-pressure areas plotted: one in the
middle south (Arkansas eastward), and the other, offshore in the Gulf of
Mexico. At the center of and between those highs, the winds were light and
conducive to inversion formation. On the surface chart, this entire area
showed up as one large, continuous, high-pressure area since the wind flows
were scattered in direction and weak. By morning (1200 GMT-0700 CDT), the
highs at all three pressure levels had shifted around a little; but, again
they are not very meaningful. The 1200 GMT rawinsonde showed that, in
Houston, the inversion depth was much greater (6500 m) than it had been the
day before. Again, the lowest layer had high water vapor content. Above
this layer the air was very dry up to the 750 mb level. Lake Charles also
experienced a significantly deeper inversion than it had the previous 'day.
The wind in the lowest 1220 m reflected flow along the coast, suggesting
that a high-pressure area was off the coast and that the dry air was coming
primarily up the coast.
The general pattern of light winds from the southwest continued through
1000 CDT, as evidenced in the pilot-balloon observations (Tables 1-10). At
that hour, the winds became a little more westerly at all the stations.
By 1300 CDT, the winds had become almost calm throughout the urban area.
Perhaps a certain amount of vertical mixing was taking place and the vertical
windflows would be much more important than the recorded horizontal winds.
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In the morning, the wind speeds closer to the ground were higher than
they were at 910 m and above. It was supposed that the lowest layer was an
independent system, and that the velocities were reduced above as the air
patterns in the upper layers took over. Above 650 m (2100 ft), the inversion
was no longer a factor, and the adiabatic layer was dominated by winds from
a different direction.
Note that pibal observations tend to smooth the wind direction changes.
The afternoon pibals do not show much consistency and probably reflect
intense convective activity.
Throughout the rest of the day, the surface-weather maps showed high-
pressure centers at various places on the map. These centers were responses
more to very slight shifts in pressure than to specific patterns.
20 July, 1974—By 00 GMT on 20 July (1900 CDT on the 19 July), a high-
pressure area became well formed above Arkansas. This showed up on the 850
and 700 mb charts, but not at the surface. By 1200 GMT (0700 CDT), the
surface map showed the highest pressure over Houston. The winds, as recorded
by the rawinsonde and pibals at the same time, showed fairly strong flow at
the surface from the west-southwest. At Victoria, the surface flow was
more southerly; at Lake Charles it was west-northwest. This indicates that
the actual high-pressure area probably was offshore because the winds were
in and along the coast arc.
Above the surface layer, the winds were easterly and appeared to be
directed by the upper-level high over Arkansas. The rawinsonde at 0700 CDT
showed this best. Above 1500 m (5000 ft) the winds were all easterly.
This easterly flow resulted in more water vapor above Houston than was
available the day before when winds aloft were from the north. In the
surface layer, the water vapor content was much higher. The inversion
responsible for trapping the water vapor was 420 m thick and not very
stable.
The winds in the two layers were, therefore, in almost opposite directions.
This resulted in a null point (area of much reduced wind speed) at the
boundary between the layers. The pilot balloons (Table 2) showed that this
layer of dead air started at 910 m (3000 ft) and extended upward beyond the
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pibal data. The low-level winds were especially fast, considering the
synoptic situation. At 360 m (1200 ft) at 0700 CDT, the winds almost reached
20 kn. The differential temperature between land and the Gulf was probably
responsible for this flow.
As one follows the pilot-balloon record hour-by-hour through the day,
it can be seen that the low-level jet decreased in strength. At 910 m (3000
ft), however, the low-flow continued, thus indicating that the reversal of
wind flows remained. By 1300 CDT (Table 17) the westerly-flow pattern had
been modified. The source .of the low-level jet had been reduced by the same
heating of the earth's surface which had removed the inversion. By 1700 CDT
(Table 21) the wind flows were light and variable at each station. The
mixed layer was expected to be 1900 m thick (based on a maximum surface
temperature of 94° recorded at Intercontinential Airport). Any pollutants
from ground surface might then have been mixed through that entire height.
21 July. 1974—By the next morning (1200 GMT and 0700 CDT on 21 July)
there was a low situated over Montana with long, sweeping surface fronts
heading east toward Tennessee and west toward Colordao. Those fronts were
weak and slow moving. At the 850 mb and 700 mb heights, the upper-air high
remained riveted to the northern Arkansas area. Although some data are
missing, the rawinsonde again showed the easterly flow associated with that
upper-air high. Again, the starting height was about 1500 m.
The winds in the surface layer were also the same as the previous day,
i.e. westerly at appreciable speeds. At 0700 CDT the rawinsonde and the
pibals (Table 24) recorded up to 16 kn at the 360 m (1200 ft) height. These
flpws followed the general curvature of the coastline. Most inland stations
reported calm winds. (The San Jacinto pilot-balloon data appears to be
incorrect for the day.) It is evident from the pibals that, above 910 m
(3000 ft), the winds were almost calm in the transition zone between westerly
flows at the surface and easterly flows above.
The temperature data from the rawinsonde showed a smaller (350 m),
more stable, inversion than the day before. Because there was not as much
water vapor in the lowest layers, it was supposed that the air was a little
more continental in origin than was the case the previous day.
-------
The pilot balloons up through 1000 CDT generally show a weakening of
the westerly flow. The maximum temperature for the day was 97°F at 1500
CDT—the mixed layer probably exceeded 2000 m by that time.
22 July. 1974—By 1200 GMT (0700 CDT) on 22 July, the western surface
from the low in Iowa had slipped into the Panhandle of Texas. The upper-air .
high over Arkansas was keeping the Houston area in clear weather and providing
easterly flow aloft.
The rawinsondes showed the same picture as on previous days.: fast,
low-level flow along the coastline with easterly flow above. The temperature
profile showed only a weak inversion through 500 m, but indicated a somewhat
more continental air origin because of its relative dryness. By this time,
the upper air had become fairly wet.
The pilot balloon data (Tables 28 to 37) showed the strength of the
westerly flows at 0700 CDT. The flows at 910 m (3000 ft) appeared to be a
little stronger than they had been the previous days, perhaps because the
wind flow above was northeasterly and the turning was not so difficult. As
the day progressed, the flow at that height picked up speed and became
northerly. Evidently, the flow was dominated by the upper-level high which
had moved down into north Texas. This resulted in a more northerly flow
above Houston.
In response to the large amount of surface heating (96°F maximum),
the windflow at the surface became light by the afternoon. Mixing probably
occurred through a layer 1700 m thick.
23 July, 1974—The surface front had completely stagnated in north
Texas by 0700 CDT on 23 July. Its influence on Houston windflow was expected
to increase the westerly component. But, the surface flows as evidenced by
the pibals (Table 38) were more southwesterly than they had been the previous
two days. The upper-air high was not as intense as before and the result
was only light easterly flow above Houston.
The rawinsonde data showed a ragged temperature inversion which might
be listed as 200 or 500 m thick. The high water-vapor levels continued up
to the 500 m height; so 500 m was selected as the inversion height. The
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low-level flow probably had come off the Gulf since it was a little more
moist than before.
The pilot-balloon data (Tables 38 to 42) again show strong flows which
decreased gradually until they were 5 kn at 100 CDT. The flows in the
region between the low-level and upper-level patterns were light southerly,
which was the first morning they backed (gone counterclockwise) with height
rather than veered (gone clockwise).
24,July, 1974—By 0700 CDT (1200 GMT) on 24 July, the synoptic situation
had changed sufficiently to increase the wind speed at all heights. The 700
mb chart showed that a high out in the Gulf had become linked to the same
familiar high over north Texas. This led to fairly strong easterly flows.
The rawinsonde recorded 26 kn at 2740 m (9000 ft) from the southeast. Mean-
while, the low-level winds had also accelerated to above 20 kn because of a
offshore-high and an inland-low. .
The winds again backed with height as observed in the rawinsonde data.
The inversion probably only existed through 200 m because the air was only
weakly stable above that height. Although the air aloft was quite dry, it
still retained sufficient water vapor to indicate a Gulf origin.
The high winds continued through the day until 1100 CDT, at which time
they started to drop off in the lowest levels. Another day of good ground
surface heating resulted in lower flows close to the ground; but aloft, the
upper-air pattern persisted.
10
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TABLE 1*
July 19, 1974
0700 CDT
•Pibal
Launch
Sices
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed .knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
\
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed kr.ots
direction
•RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
4 12 12
230 230 230
3 7 9
310 260 250
C 12 13
230 240
C 10 12
220 240
3 14 14
230 240 240
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
3 13
40 230
GROUND (FEET)
1300 2400 3000 • 3600
11 10 8 5
220 210 200 ' 190
11 9 . 10 7
240 220 210 200
12 985-
240 240 210 200
GROUND (FEET)
2000 3000
10 6
230 220
*£or the following 47 tables sea Appendix A for conversion factors into ISU
11
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TABLE 2
July 19, 1974
0800 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Speed knots
direction
H033Y
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Pibal
Launch
Sites
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
2
230
2
200
3
270
Speed kr.ots
direction
KING
Speed kr.ots
direction
CONP.OE
Speed knots
direction
2.
230
8
230
8
230
8
250
11
240
13
230
12
240
12
230
11
240
10
240
13
240
13
240
15
240
10
230
11
240
10
220
9
220
9
210
7
210
8
200
4
190
10
240
12
240
10
230
10
240
9
220
9
220
7
210
7
210
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 ' 2000
3000
J-UVIMSOOTE
Speed kr.ots
direction
12
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TABLE 3
July 19, 1974
0900 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
.•EST30RY
Speed knots
direction
riOSBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed kr.ocs
direction
ALDINE
Speed .knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONXOE
Speed knots
direction
4
240
4
280
3
200
2
230
4
240
7
240
9
240
7
250
a
270
9
240
9
240
9
240
12
240
10
250
3
240
. 10
240
10
250
12
250
11
230
11
240
3
230
11
240
6
220
8
230
5
200
6
230
9
240
9
250
3
240
3
240
8
220
6
220
6
220
S
220
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUMJ (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
13
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TABLE 4
July 19, 1974
1000 CDT- .
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200* 1800 2400'
3000
3600
P.Ibal
Launch
Sices
fESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY'
Speed .knots
direccion.
EMSU.
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direccion
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direccion
CONROE .
Speed knots
direction
4
230.
5
240
2
230
7
270
4
300
7
240
4 '
240
6
250
5
240
3
240
5
230
7
270
.7
250
250
4
250
9
250
6
260
9
240
5.
240
10
250
5
230
7
260
4
220
3
250
3
190
9
260
6
260-
10
230
5
240
6
210
4
230
' 5
200
3
230'
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUM) (FErT)
1000 2000
3000
RAWIJISONDE
Speed knots
direccion
14
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TABLE S
July 19, 1974
1100 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
3
240
Speed knots
direction
EM5U
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
3
200
6
240
2
240
4
280
5
290
5
250
5
280
10
260
7
240
5
290
4
280
10.
260
5
300
3
270
6
270
6
300
5
250
11
250
4
230
11
250
3
220
8
260
3
220
5
250
7
260
5
290
7
250
4
270
5
240
4
250
9
210
4
240
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (7EE7)
1000 2000
3COO
RAWINSOOTlr
Speed knots
direction
15
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TABLE 6
July 19, 1974
1200 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direccion
KQBBY
Speed knots
direction .
ZMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING-
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
3 7 ' 8 5 4
300 290 270 260 270
'3 . . '-9 15 13 10 .
240 270 310 330 330
233
200 250 .300
3 12 I!' 7 6
250 . 270 290 300 -320 .
4 4 3 3 3 .
270 250 '290 290 260
4 43
270 270 270
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (?EET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
3 2
230 310
3 4
290 230
4 4
320 220
2 • 2
250 300
3COO
16
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TABLE 7
July 19, 1974
1300 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE-GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
WESTBURY
Pibal
Launch
Sices
Speed knocs
direction
HOBBY
Speed knocs
direction
EMSU
Speed knocs
direction
ALDINE
2
310
5
300
5
300
4
270
3
230
2
220
Speed knocs
direccion
C.E. KING
1
300
4
310
Speed knocs
direceion
CONROE
Speed -knocs
direccion
4
320
4
320
4
280
3
260
4
310
6
320
2
290
3
290
3
300
2
230
3
310
3
300
2
350
3
310
2
340
2
330
2
310.
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direccion
17
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TABLE 3
July 19, 1974
1400 COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GRCOD (rEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Speed knots
direction
K033Y
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Pibal
Launch
Sites
JES73URY
4 '
290
4
270
3
300
2
310
2
300
2
330
4
10
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
4
310
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
5
320'
1
290
•7
330
5
290
3
10
1
200
7
350
4
230
2
180
1
80
3
230.
2
230
3
270
3
240
3
320
2
200
2
300
2
ISO
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
18
-------
TABLE 9
July 19, 1974
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
2
350
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
6
350
4
260
5
10
2
300
3
300
4
310
2
300
2
120
Speed knots
direction
CONRO.E
Speed knots
direction
2
160
3
180
3
170
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
SAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
19
-------
TABLE 10
July 19, 1974
1600 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Pibal
Launch
Sices
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
2
310
2
320
4
310
3
240
2
200
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
2
160
2
160
2
220
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
20
-------
TABLE' 11
July 20, 1974
0700 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 .1200 1800 2400
3000
.3600
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
2
250
3
250
4
240
14
260
15
250
13
260
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
16
250
17
250
18
260
19
260
18
240
17
260
13
240
13
260
16
260
16
240
10
250
6
230
5
220
10
240
8
230
6
250
2
140
2
140
4
230
5
240
2
200
3
70
3
SO
2
220-
2
210
2
310.
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
5
280
19
260
7
230
3
290
21
-------
TABLE 12
July 20, 1974
0800 CUT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING .
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAMINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
3 14 17 11 5
280 280 260 250 240
4 13 16 10 5
250 260 260 250 240
5 14 17 12 fi
270 280 270 260 230
4 12 16 14 9
250 250 250 240 . , 240
3 13 15 11 5
250 260 260 260 250
10 13 14 . 10 4
280 280 270 270 260
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUOT (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 . 3600
2 2
130 • 40
2 3
330 30
4 1
230 230
5 3
230 240
2 2
240. '330'
2 4
320 40
3000
22
-------
TABLE 13
July 20, 1974
0900 CDT
Pibal
Launch
' Sites
WESTBUR7
Speed knots
direction
EOB3Y
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed kr.ots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWISSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
5 12 16
270 270 260
5 14 14
240 270 270
5 15 16
230 280 270
4 8 14
260 270 250
47 10
250 290 270
10 12 13
280 280 290
HEIGHT A30VE
0 . 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400
12 6
250 230
10 5
260 ' 260
15 ' 10
260 260
14 8
250 250
8 4
270 260
9 6
290 290
GROUND (FEET)
2000
3000 3600
2 2
140 110
3 3
170 80
4 2
230 210
2 1
210 210
1 2
250 340'
2 3
320 40
3000
23
-------
TABLE 14 '
July 20, 1974
1000 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction .
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction.
RAUINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
4 8864 2 C
290 290 280 270. 240 220
5 11-13 11 9 5 2
240 260 ' 270 270 260 230 320
5 8 10 8 5 4
290 270 260 260 250 230 .
10 10 ' 9 7 3 2 2
260 250 260 260. 220 310 • 330
5 13 14 12 9 4 2
230 280 230 290 270 260 310.
5 67 63 1 2
300 300 300 290 260 330 20
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000 30CO
24
-------
TABLE 15
July 20, 1974
1100 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.Z. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
58874
260 280 280 260 250
3 7 98 5
250 280 280 2'90 270
46664
250 230 280 270 270
4 776 4 .
320 290 270 270 290
46765
320 280 280 290 280
4.5 6 6 4
290 290 3.00 300 290
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
3 5
300 310
3 4
310 350
2 2
270 310
4 4
270 330
3 3
300 310-
3 2
320 36C
3000
25
-------
TABLE 16
July 20, 1974
1200 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
E03BY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Spead knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
49 8 5 3
230 280 280 270 270
3 6. 7 7 5
240 260 290 300 300
25785
300 300 300 270 280
45654
250 ' 260 280 260 270
55774
310 310 290 270 260
4 7 ' 5 5 3
300 300 290 280 300
HEIGHT A30VE GROUTO (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
2 2
320 350
3 4
•• 310 340
4 3
300 330
4 5
• 320 360
3 4
310 350-
4 4
310 360
3000
26
-------
TABLE 17 '
July 20, 1974
1300 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY '
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAMINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
2 3 5
250 270 . 270
3 3 4
260 230 290
258
300 300 300
445
250 260 270
478
320 240 290
•3 3 ' 4
290 290 320
EIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400
3 2
280 310
5 5
300 320
7 5
310 320
5 4
270 300
5 4
300 310
6 6
330 330
GROUND (FEET)
2000
3000 3600
4 5 '
360 30
S 5
260 20
3 2
320 310
4 4
300 340
5 4
320 330
4 5
340 350
3000
27
-------
TABLE 18
July 20, 1974
1400 CDT
Pibal
Launch
• Sites
WESTBURY . .
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU '
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed .knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
2 57 6 6 7 7
250 . 260 260 260 300 320 330
3. 44 45 6 7
250 220 230 260 290 310 320
C C 1 1
50 200
C 3 '2 ' 2 3 2 1
270 320 20 320 320 310
C 2 3 3 2 2 3
300 310 330 320 300 320'
2 344 4 4 4
360 10 340 330 330 330 340
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FIET)
0 1000 2000 3000
28
-------
TABLE 19
July 20, 1974
1500 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices .
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE .GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
23 5 5 3
230 240 250 270 290
3 57 8 9
250 230 240 250 260
37 8 6 4
350 10 20 20 350
C 23 44
.- 250 280 300 3SO
3 2 12 1
140 150 ISO 250 240
23 1 1 2
30 50 10 330 330
HEIGHT ABOVE GRCUOT (FEET)
0 1000 2000
.3000 3600
2 5
320 10
6 2
270 210
3 2
320 320
4 5
340 360
1 1
310 340-
3 3
360 10
3000
29
-------
TABLE 20
July 20, 1974
1600 CDT
Pibal
Launch
. Sices
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY.
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINZ
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
2 4 5 5 '5
220 230 230 310 320
3- 4 4: 32
230 240 230 240' 250
4 9' 11 7 4
10 - 10 360 10 60
C 3 1 C . 2
240 200 - 30
3 43 2 1
140 220 230 270 2SO
23432
290 ' 300 300 300 320
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
. 4 5
320 320
2 3
330 360
4 3
120 170
3 4
20 350
1 1
320 10.
2 1
10 50
3000
30
-------
TABLE 21
July 20, 1974
1700 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WEST30RY
Speed knots
direction
KOB3Y
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
TUWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
3 3. 2
270 230 210
3 5 5
230 220 230
122
130 160 160
C C 1
210
244
140 150 200
111
360 10 20
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400
3 3
230 240
4 4
260 280
2 3
160 150
1 1
220 220
2 2
170 170
2 2
270 260
GROUND (FEET)
2000
3000 3600
3 5
240 250
3 3
320 340
C C
2 2
260 300
3 4
210 240
3 3
250 300
3000
31
-------
TABLE 22
July 21, 1974
OSOO COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
WESTBORY
Speed knots
direccioQ
HOBBY
Pibal
Launch
Sices
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
2
260
3
260
15
240
10
250
11
260
16
240
12
250
12
250
10
230
11
230
7
240
5
200
5
220
3
220
4
120
4
180
1
200
4
110
4
120
Speed knots
direction
C.I. KING
Speed knots
direction
.CONROE
Speed knots
direction
3
280
18
250
9
290
17
260
11
290
11
250
10
280
7
230
9
280
4
220
3
290
3
190
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAHINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
32
-------
TABLE 23
July 21, 1974
0638 COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (?EET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
EOSBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
2
260
3
260
15
250
13
260
13
260
16
240
IS
250
16
250
12
230
13
230
11
240
6
220
7
220
6
220
5
180
4
200
4
210
5
130
3
140
2
200
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
8
290
250
8
300
15
250
9
300
11
240
9
290
• 7
230
3
290
3
230
6
300
1
20'
5
310
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET}
1000 .- 2000
3000
IAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
33
-------
TABLE 24
July 21, 1974
0700 COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
HESTBPRY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
2
240
3
260
5
230
12
260
IS
260
14
260
.15
250
17
250
17
250
11
240
13
250
14
250
6
220
10
230
8
240
• 5
220
4
190
5
220
2
150
2
120
2
230
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
7
230
16
240
9
290
17
260
10
280
12
250
10
280
8
240
11
230
3
230
7
290
1
210
4
310
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
5
230
16
260
9
240
2
ISO
34
-------
TABLE 25
July 22, 1974
0800 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
KOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Pibal
Launch
Sices
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
3
270
5
250
6
230
13
260
11
260
12
280
15
250
7
260
19
260
7
240
8
250
14
250
4
230
5
240
a
250
1
320
2
130
4
240
1
330
3
50
2
260
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
4
270
13
250
15
260
11
260
3
250
5
250
2
300
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
35
-------
TABLE 26
July 21, 1974
0900 COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Pibal
Launch
Sices
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
5
270
5
2SO
4
26
14
270
13
270
10
270
14
260
15
260
14
270
10
250
14
270
14
260
6
240
9
270
10
260
2
310
2
280
5
240
2
30
2
360
2
260
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
7
270
12
290
14
270
11
260
7
250
4
230
3
340
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 20CO
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
36
-------
TABLE 27
July 21, 1974
1000 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
fESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
6
270
4
240
6
260
10
270
10
270
10
'270
10
270
11
270
10
280
8
270
8
270
10
270
S
290
4
290
8
270
4
310
2
310
5
280
3
30
6
40
2
300
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
4
270
7
290
10
290
9
290
11
280
10
290
10
270
10
290
8
280
10
280
5
290
6
300
4
240
4
300
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
37
-------
TABLE 28
July 22, 1974
0700 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WtSTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 . 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
1 14 17 11 7 56
280 270 240 250 260 300 320
3 16 17 13 9 7 ' 7
250 260 260 260 270 290 320
6 13 15 12 9 55
280 270 260 250 260 270 300
8 13 15 13 10 82
240 250 260 250 270 280 320
2 15 18 11 7 84
280 290 260 260 270 290 310-
12 13 15 15 13 10 7
280 280 280 270 280 290 300
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUMD (FEET)
0 10CO 2000 3000
S 19 11 10
270 270 280 280
38
-------
TA3LE 29
July 22, 1974
0800 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed -knots
direction
RAWTNSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
3 15 16 12 3
270 270 260 250 270
3 15 16 10 7
250 260 260 280 280
5 13 19 14 10
230 250 260 260 270
C 14 13 7 7
260 260 250 270 .
4 13 17 12 4
270 280 .270 270 300
11 14 15 12 8
290 280 280 280 290
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
5 6
300 320
7 9
320 330
8 6
280 300
6 4
300 310
.9 14
40 30
7 8
310 340
3000
39
-------
TABLE 30
July 22, 1974
0900 CDT
Pibal
Launch -
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
5 10 9
260 270 270
4 . 12 14
260 280 270
7 10 13
290 280 280
8 10 12
260 260 270
5 11 13
240 250 280
3 9 12
290 280 280
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1300 2400 3000
556
280 320 340
11 8 7
230 290 310
10 8 8
270 290 300
976
280 290 310
12 10 12
270 290 . 310
12 9 8
280 300 310
GROUND (FEET)
2000 3000
3600
8
360
9
330
8
330
6
330
12
3.30'
7
340
40
-------
TABLE 31
July 22, 1974
1000 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knocs
direction
HOBBY
Speed knocs
direccion
EMSU
Speed knocs
direccion
ALDISE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed 'knots
direccion
CONROE
Speed knocs
direccion
RAWINSONDE
Speed knocs
direceion
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
5.7 9 8 6
270 280 290 290 . 330
4 8 . 10 10 8
260 270 280 300 310
6 11 12 10 10
280 280 290 280 300
10 15 19 24 26
260 270 290 290 300
4 9 12 13 12
310 290 280 290 300
7 9 -10 11
300 300 290 300
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
.0 1000 2000
3000
9
350
9
320
10
320
22
310
10
320
3000
3600
10
360
10
350
10
340
13
330
10
340.
41
-------
TABLE 32
July 22, 1974
1100 CDT
Pibal .
Launch
Sices
WESTBORY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
6 9 7 67
260 270 280 280 310
4 76 66
260 260 280 290 320
5,5 5 7 7
280 280 250. 280 300
69789
240 250 270 300 310
57899
300 280 260 300 310
45678
290 290 290 290 330
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
6 8
320 360
8 10
330 360
9 11
320 350
11 13
340 360
11 12
320 350
7 9
350 10
3000
42
-------
TABLE 33
July 22, 1974
1200 COT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 . 1800 2400 .
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSO
4
260
7
270
6
.280
6
310
8
320
10
330
12
10
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction •
:.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CO*TROE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000 3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
43
-------
. TABLE 34
July 22, 1974
1300 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBUR*
Speed knots
direction
SOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU.
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONCE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000
24556 8
250 260 280 300 330 360
46 7.7 7 9
260 260 280 290 310 330
5 5 6 8 9 11
270 290 280 300 320 320
7 62 S 10 10
270 270 260 . 310 350 10
46569 13
250 250 270 320 320 340
23456 9
310 300 300 280 320 350
3600
10
10
10
350
10
30
10
10-
10
10
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FE£T)
0 • 1000 2000 . 3000
44
-------
TABLE 35
July 22. 1974
1400 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direccion
HOBBY
Speed knots
direccion
EMSU
Speed knots
direccion
ALDISE
Speed knots
direccion
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direccion
CONROE
Speed knocs
direccion
RAWINSONDE
Speed knocs
direccion
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
244
240 240 260
4 7 6
260 240 240
C C 3
- 340
C C 2
320
135
270 290 350
344
320 320 330
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400 3000 3600
34 78
300 320 20 40
568
250 340 20
45 39
330 340 20 20
35 78
20 360 340 350
7 9 10 10
10 20 30 20-
4
340
GROUND (rEEV;
2000 3000
45
-------
TABLE 36
July 22, 1974
1500 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALPINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction .
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200
245
240 270 290
5 6.6
220 230 250
435
10 20 20
1 . 2 3
270 310 30
3. 2 2
290 330 10
122
320 320 330
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
1800 2400 3000
455
300 330 . 360
6 99
310 360 360
346
40 50 30
454
40 70 80
368
20 30 20
356
10 40 30
GROUND (FEET)
2000 3000
3600
3
10
10
20
5
20
4
so
11
20
• *)
6
40.
46
-------
TABLE 37
July 22, 1976
1600 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
3 5 S 5 4 46
180 200 220 230 240 320 360
5 9 10 6 55 5
200 210 210 250 30 30 30
4 5 5 6 6 6 6
210 220 - 200 160 160 140 200
3 3 3 .2 2 3 7
230 210 150 170 120 80 30
22322 22
ISO 140 190 220 240 280 340
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND CFEET)
0 1000 200U 3000
47
-------
TABLE 38
July 23, 1974
0700 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDIME
Sp.eed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAHINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000
1 '
2 12 11 '10 9 7
230 230 240 230 2.10 180 •
* •.
2 11 16 16 14 13
220 220 230 240 230 210
4 11 14 15 12 9
230 240 230 240 230 230
5 13 IS 13 9 8
200 250 250 240 240 230
1 10 8 9 8 5
190 240 250 240 230 210
8 11 11 10 9 6
250 250 260 260 240 230
3600
6
160
8
180 . '
6
210
9
220
5
160
8
180
HEIGHT ABOVE f-HOUOT (FEET)
0 1000 2000 3000
5-15 13 6
260 240 240 210
-------
TABLE 39
July 23, 1974
0800 CDT
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
2
200
2
210
5
250
5
240
4
290
6
250
13
230
11
220
11
240
13
240
7
270
9
250
16
220
15
230
13
230
14
240
11
240
10
240
14
230
12
230
14
230
14
250
12
240
10
250
11
220
10
230
10
220
9
240
9
240
9
200
9
200
9
210
6
220
210
8
170
8
170
7
170
6
190
5
190
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWISSONDE
Speed knots
direction
49
-------
TABLE 40
July 23, 1974
0900 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
3 9 11
250 230 230
4 9 12
240 240 240
5 9 11
260 250 250
4 11 13
230 240 240
4 10 13
270 260 240
4 57
260 260 260
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400 3000
12 10 8
230 220 210
11 10 8
250 240 230
11 11 9
250 250 240
10 7 5
240 230 220
12 9 6
240 240 210
77 5
260 240 220
GROUND (FEET)
2000 3000
3600
8
200
6
190
7 •
230
6
ISO
6
190
5
200
50
-------
TABLE 41
July 23, 1974
1000 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDS
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 600 1200
4 11 3
250 260 260
5 10 18
240 250 250
5 8 10
260 260 270
C C 3
230
4 45
220 260 270
7 10 11
270 270 270
HEIGHT ABOVE
0 1000
GROUND (FEET)
1800 2400 3000 3600
6 5 4.4
250 230 200 160
14 11 9 7
240 260 260 230
.88 75
270 260 240 210
4322
240 250 220 200
6555
250 230 210 190
10 9 75
270 250 240 220
GROUND (FEET)
2000 3000
51
-------
TABLE 42
July 23, 1974
1100 CDT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1800 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WEST3URY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBt
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
3
310
5
240
4
280
6
270
. 5
250
a
270
5
240
3
260
4
230
7
260
3
220
5
220
2
230
5
210
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
I
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
6
210
4
290
5
230
5
300
6
320
5
260
5
290
. 9
350
7
270
5
260
6
260
8
260
5
250
5
220
6
270
7
240
7
200
5
210'
4
230
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
52
-------
TABLE 43
July 24, 1974
0700 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WEST3URY
Speed knocs
direction
HOBBY
Speed knocs
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed kr.ocs
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knocs
direction
CON3.0E
Speed knocs
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direccion
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 • 1800 2400
1 13 16 19 16
240 230 230 230 230
3 14 21 24 23
230 240 240 240 240
5 11 18 20 19
260 250 240 240 240
C C 18 16 12
- 230 230 230
1 5 20 23 21
230 230 240 230 240
8 15 21 23 21
250 250 250 240 240
HEIGHT ABO".™ GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
5 16 21
260 250 240
3000 3600
12 10
230 210
19 17
230 230
17 16
240 230
14 15
230 210
20 11
240 230
18 15
240 240
3000
15
230
53
-------
TABLE 44
July 24, 1974
0800 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knocs
direction
CONROE
Speed knocs
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400 3000 3600
2 15 21 23 21 17 13
240 240 240 240 240 230 230
4 15 20' 23 22 18 16
240 240 240 240 240 240 220
7 12 16 19 18 15 12
250 240 240 240 240 240 230
9 17 25 25 21 19
230 230 230 240 240 230
2 16 23 20 22 21 16.
230 240 240 240 250 240 230
9 13 20 21 23 22 16
250 260 250 250 250 240 240
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 ' 2000 . 3000
-------
TABLE 45
July 24, 1974
0900 CUT
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
600 1200 1300 2400
3000
3600
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTBORY
peed knots
direction
HOBBY
peed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDIJTC
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction.
. 4
240
4
240
6
250
10
230
4
230
7
230
9
240
10
240
13
240
16
240
14
240
9
240
14
250
.14
250
15
240
18
240
17
240
9
250
18
230
18
240
13
240
20
240
19
240
12
260
16
240
18
250
13
240
19
240
20
240
13
240
16
240
15
240
19
240
18
240
12
240
11
230
15
240
15 .
240
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
1000 2000
3000
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
55
-------
TABLE 46
July 24, 1974
1000 CDT
Pibal
Launch
Sices
WESTSURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE*
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
5 7 10 15 15
210 230 230 240 240
7 13 16 18 19
240 230 230 230 240
99999
230 230 240 230 230
6 10 8 11 12
240 220 240 240 240
10 12 13 13 16
250 250 260 260 260
HEIGHT A30VE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
13
240
16 15
240 240
9 9
240 230
11 11
230 220
3000
56
-------
TABLE 47
July 24, 1974
1100 COT
Pibal
Launch
Sites
WESTBURY
Speed knots
direction
HOBBY
Speed knots
direction
EMSU
Speed knots
direction
ALDINE
Speed knots
direction
C.E. KING
Speed knots
direction
CONROE
Speed knots
direction
RAWINSONDE
Speed knots
direction
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 600 1200 1800 2400
4 9 8 11 13
220 230 240 250 250
7 10 10 11 12
230 230 240 240 240
4 5 5 7 10
270 260 250 240 250
5 6 7 10 10
210 220 240 250 250
6 5 6 9 11
270 290 310 240 230
7 7 10 12 13
240 240 260 260 270
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND (FEET)
0 1000 2000
3000 3600
13 14
240 240
12 11
240 240
9 8
240 240
10 13
240 230
14 19
240 240
13 10
260 250
3000
57
-------
APPENDIX A
Conversion Factors for Physical Quantities Into the International System
of Units
Note that the E system for expressing power is used. That is, 3.523E - 02
3.523 + ID"2
to convert from
feet
knot
to
meter
meter/sec.
multiply by
3.048 000 E-01
5.144 444 E-01
Fahrenheit (temperature) Celsius
tc = (t_ - 32)11.8
r
58
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-77-073
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY DURING THE HOUSTON
URBAN PLUME STUDY, JULY 1974
5. REPORT DATE
July 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gale F. Hoffnagle
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
3. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
INTERA Environmental Consultants, Ltd.
Houston, Texas 77027
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
PO No. 5-02-0025A
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 7/1/74 - 7/1/75
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Meteorological parameters were'measured during an EPA sponsored air sampling
program from 15-24 July, 1974, in Houston, Texas. The data collected are pri-
marily surface anemometer data and pilot-balloon soundings to 1830 meters above
ground. These measured data, along with plots from the National Weather Service,
have been utilized to provide an overall meteorological analysis of conditions
during the sampling program. Because the air sampling was performed primarily
from a fixed-wind aircraft, emphasis was given to the ambient environment aloft.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
*Meteorological data
Meteorological balloons
Houston
13b
04b
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
63
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
59
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