SEDIMENT AND BENTfflC COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION BELOW
AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE WASTE LOADINGS IN THE MIDDLE
SNAKE RIVER, SOUTH-CENTRAL IDAHO
Prepared by: C. Michael Falter
Dustin R. Hinson
Idaho Water Resources Research Institute
Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources
University of Idaho
Moscow, ID 83844
Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10, Idaho Office
1435 North Orchard Street
Boise, ID 83706
Carla Fromm, Project Officer
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Snake River Fish and Wildlife Office
1387 S. Vinnell Way, Room 368
Boise, ID 83709
April, 2005
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/Moo
SEDIMENT AND BENTHIC COMMUNITY CHARACTERIZATION BELOW
AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE WASTE LOADINGS IN THE MIDDLE
SNAKE RIVER, SOUTH-CENTRAL IDAHO
Prepared by: C. Michael Falter
Dustin R. Hinson
Idaho Water Resources Research Institute
Department of Fish & Wildlife Resources
University of Idaho
Moscow, ID 83844
Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10, Idaho Office
1435 North Orchard Street
Boise, ID 83706
Carla Fromm, Project Officer
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Snake River Fish and Wildlife Office
1387 S. Vinnell Way, Room 368
Boise, ID 83709
April, 2005
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ABSTRACT
In 2000-01, sediments, benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI), and aquatic macrophytes (AM)
were sampled with a Petite Ponar Dredge downstream of a subset of existing aquaculture and
agriculture discharges to the middle Snake River from Twin Falls, Idaho (RK 984.6) to Upper
Salmon Falls Dam (RK 935.5). Control samples were collected upstream of the aquaculture and
agriculture discharges for comparison. Analyses were limited to 2001 samples due to the
improved sampling design.
Results indicate that the dominant particle sampled upstream and downstream of all
sampled discharges (3 aquaculture and 3 agriculture) in 2001 was sand (43-95 %), followed by
silt (4-48 %) and clay (0.5-5.0 %), respectively. In 2001, sand content was generally greater in
agriculture deposition zones than aquaculture deposition zones. Overall, nutrient levels from
sediment sampled in 2001 (P and N) were greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than
below agriculture discharges. Sediment P averaged 758.7 ug-g"1 upstream of agriculture
discharges and 688.1 ug-g"1 downstream of agriculture discharges. Sediment P averaged 734.9
ug-g"1 upstream of aquaculture discharges and!473.9 ug-g"1 downstream of aquaculture
discharges in 2001. Sediment P was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in deposition zone sediments
than control zone sediments throughout the five sampling months for all three aquaculture study
sites. Sediment organic matter content averaged 1.11 % upstream of agriculture discharges and
0.91 % downstream of agriculture discharges. Sediment organic matter content averaged 1.57 %
upstream of aquaculture discharges and 1.78 % downstream of aquaculture discharges.
Sediment lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel concentrations exceeded benthic community
threshold effects levels (per Buchman 1999) at some point during the 2001 study, while benthic
community probable effects levels (per Buchman 1999) were exceeded by cadmium and nickel.
Dominant BMI sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001 were pollution-tolerant taxa,
including Potamopyrgus antipodarum (non-native), Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and Hyalella
azteca (Amphipoda). BMI density, biomass, and richness were generally greater downstream of
aquaculture discharges than below agriculture discharges in 2001. The density of Potamopyrgus
antipodarum was greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than below agriculture
discharges.
Seven vascular AM taxa were sampled from five different families throughout the five-
month sampling period in the middle Snake River in 2001. AM were dominated by
Potamogeton crispus (non-native), Ceratophyllum demersum (native), and Elodea Canadensis
(native), all taxa considered tolerant of organic pollution and eutrophic conditions. AM densities
found during the 2001 middle Snake River sampling effort were greater than the 200 g-m"2
nuisance level (nuisance level per EPA 2002) downstream of all three aquaculture study sites and
one agriculture study site. AM biomass averaged 5.9 g-m"2 upstream of agriculture discharges
and 6.2 g-m"2 downstream of agriculture discharges. AM biomass averaged 33.5 g-m"2 upstream
of aquaculture discharges and 73.1 g-m"2 downstream of aquaculture discharges.
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Ill
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Writing this report would not have been possible without the support of many
individuals. We thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS) for funding the project. Specifically, we thank Carla Fromm (EPA),
Marilyn Hemker (FWS), and Susan Burch (FWS) for their assistance from project initiation to
completion. Field and laboratory assistance provided by Walt Wilson, Ben Scofield, Justin
Broglio, Nick Whitaker, Rhiannon Chandler, Greg Bjornstrom, Tom Case, and Bob Stickrod was
invaluable to this work.
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IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures xii
Introduction 1
Background : 1
Purpose and Objectives 2
Study Area 3
Methods 5
Study Sites .....5
Sample Collection 5
Laboratory Analysis 7
Statistical Analysis .....8
Results 11
Sediment Depth 11
Sediment Characterization...., 11
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ..14
Aquatic Macrophytes...'. 18
Discussion 20
Sediment Depth ; 20
Sediment Characterization 21
Benthic Macroinvertebrates 32
Aquatic Macrophytes 36
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Summary 40
Sediment Characterization 40
Benthic Macroinvertebrates 44
Aquatic Macrophytes 45
Conclusions 47
Implications and Recommendations 50
References 51
Appendix A: Standard Operating Procedures 140
Appendix B: Sediment Stable Isotope Analysis 160
Appendix C: Description of Results for Sediment, Benthic Macroinvertebrate, and
Aquatic Macrophyte Metrics 174
Appendix D: Sampling Data for the Middle Snake River, June-October, 2001 204
Appendix E: Water Quality Data for the Six Study Discharges 272
Appendix F: USGS Streamflow Statistics Upstream and Downstream of Study Area 276
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VI
Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations
AM
ANOVA
BL
BMI
CON
DEP
GLM
H2S
MANOVA
ODW
PEL
PVC
RK
SIG
SQuiRTs
SOP
Spp
TEL
Aquatic Macrophyte
Analysis of Variance
Background Level
Benthic Macro invertebrate
Control Zone
Deposition Zone
General Linear Model
Hydrogen Sulfide
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
Oven Dry Weight
Probable Effects Level
Polyvinyl Chloride
River Kilometer
Significant
Screening Quick Reference Tables
Standard Operating Procedure
Species (plural)
Threshold Effects Level
Study Sites
ADS
AD2
ADI
BC
CS
RV
Sampled Elements
Ba
Be
C
Ca
Cd
Co
Cr
Cu
Fe
K
Mg
Mn
Mo
N
Agriculture Drain 3; Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain
Agriculture Drain 2; Southside LS2/39A Drain
Agriculture Drain 1; Southside 39 Drain
Box Canyon Hatchery
Crystal Springs Hatchery
Rim View Hatchery
Barium
Beryllium
Carbon
Calcium
Cadmium
Cobalt
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Potassium
Magnesium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nitrogen
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Vll
Na Sodium
Ni Nickel
P Phosphorus
Pb Lead
S Sulfur
Zn Zinc
Measured Units
ug-g'1 Micrograms per gram
ug-L"1 Micrograms per liter
#-m"2 Number per square meter
# taxa-dredge"1 Number of taxa per dredge
6I3C Carbon13 to Carbon12 ratio
815N Nitrogen15 to Nitrogen14 ratio
% Percent
BMI-m"2 Benthic Macroinvertebrates per square meter
cm2 Square centimeters
g-m"2 Grams per square meter
individuals-dredge"1 Individuals per dredge
individuals-m"2 Individuals per square meter
kg Kilograms
kg-day"1 Kilograms per day
km . Kilometers
mV MilliVolts
snails-dredge"1 Snails per dredge
snails-m"2 Snails pre square meter
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VIH
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, and range of measured sediment metrics across
all study sites and sampling months (June-October) in the middle Snake River,
2001 57
Table 2. Average values for sediment metrics across all sites and months for agriculture and
aquaculture deposition and control zones. DEP = deposition zone, CON = control
zone 58
Table 3. Average June values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 59
Table 4. Average July values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON -
control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery ; 60
Table 5. Average August values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 61
Table 6. Average September values for each sediment'metric in the deposition zone and
control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control
zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside
LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV =
Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 62
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IX
Table 7. Average October values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 63
Table 8. Benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) taxa sampled from the middle Snake River,
Idaho, June-October, 2001. Study sites and zones where BMI were sampled are
listed, c = control zone, d = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain,
AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 64
Table 9. Average values for BMI and AM metrics across all sites and months for agriculture
and aquaculture deposition and control zones. DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone 66
Table 10. Average June values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 66
Table 11. Average July values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 67
Table 12. Average August values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone
and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON =
control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 67
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Table 13. Average September values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and
control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control
zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside
LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV =
Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 68
Table 14. Average October values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and
control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control
zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside
LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV =
Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 68
Table 15. Vascular aquatic macrophyte species sampled from the six study sites, middle
Snake River, Idaho, June-October, 2001 69
Table 16. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Box
Canyon Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October, 2001.
Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream
of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge 70
Table 17. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Rim View
Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October, 2001. Percent
abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of
discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge ......71
Table 18. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Crystal
Springs Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October, 2001.
Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream
of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge 72
Table 19. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the ADI
(Southside 39 Drain) study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October,
2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone
upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge 73
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XI
Table 20. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the AD2
(Southside LS2/39A Drain) study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control
zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge 74
Table 21. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the AD3
(Pigeon Cove LS & LQ Drain) study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control
zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge 75
Table 22. Screening concentrations for trace element contaminants in freshwater sediment
derived from NOAA Screening Quick Reference Tables (Buchman
1999) 76
Table 23. 8I3C and 515N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediments,
2000 165
Table 24. 513C and 515N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment,
2001 168
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Xll
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Sample sites located on the middle Snake River. Arrows indicate the flow direction
of each of the six discharges. Discharge locations are located at RK 970.9 (AD3),
RK 969.0 (AD2), RK 967.1 (ADI), RK 966.4 (CS), RK 9963.5 (RV), and RK
946.8 (BC) - 77
Figure 2. Diagram of systematic sediment probing locations at each site. The three
transects of 14 probing locations were 5,10, and 15 meters from the shoreline and
spanned a distance of 150 meters downstream from the
discharge 77
Figure 3. Diagram of dredge locations at each site for year 2000 dredging. The dredge
samples were taken randomly between 2 and 15 meters from the shoreline,
spanning a distance of 200 meters upstream and downstream from the
discharge 78'
Figure 4. Diagram of dredge locations at each site for year 2001 dredging. The dredge
"clusters" were taken randomly between 2 and 15 meters from the shoreline. The
control zone dredges were sampled at least 200 meters upstream from the
discharge. The upstream-most dredges in the deposition zone were sampled
between 1 and 100 meters downstream from the discharge and the downstream-
most dredges in the deposition zone were sampled between 100 and 200 meters
downstream ' 78
Figure 5. Sediment depth (m) for three distances from the shoreline (5, 10, and 15 m) within
150 meters downstream of the 3 selected aquaculture discharges to the middle
Snake River June, 2000 79
Figure 6. Sediment depth (m) for three distances from the shoreline (5,10, and 15m) within
150 meters downstream of the 3 selected agriculture discharges to the middle Snake
River June, 2000. Ag Drain 1 = Southside 39 Drain, Ag Drain 2 = Southside
LS2/39A Drain, Ag Drain 3 = Pigeon Cove LQ & LS
Drain 80
Figure 7. Sand content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05)
between the sand content (%) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 81
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Xlll
Figure 8. Sand content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 82
Figure 9. Silt content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05)
between the silt content (%) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture
control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA =
aquaculture deposition zone 83
Figure 10. Silt content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery '. 84
Figure 11. Clay content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05)
between the clay content (%) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture
control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA =
aquaculture deposition zone 85
Figure 12. Clay content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 86
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XIV
Figure 13. Carbon content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the carbon content (%) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 87
Figure 14. Carbon content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 88
Figure 15. Nitrogen content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the nitrogen content (%) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 89
Figure 16. Nitrogen content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 90
Figure 17. Calcium content (ng'g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the calcium content (jig-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 91
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XV
Figure 18. Calcium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box •
Canyon Hatchery 92
Figure 19. Magnesium content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the magnesium content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from
aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone 93
Figure 20. Magnesium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 94
Figure 21. Potassium content (ujj-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture.
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the potassium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 95
Figure 22. Potassium content (fig-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 96
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XVI
Figure 23. Sodium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the sodium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 97
Figure 24. Sodium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05).CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 98
Figure 25. Zinc content (fig-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the zinc content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 99
Figure 26. Zinc content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 100
Figure 27. Manganese content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the manganese content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from
aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone 101
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XV11
Figure 28.. Manganese content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 102
Figure 29. Copper content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the copper content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 103
Figure 30. Copper content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 104
Figure 31. Iron content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the iron content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 105
Figure 32. Iron content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 106
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Figure 33. Phosphorus content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the phosphorus content (ng-g'1) of sediment sampled from
aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone 107
Figure 34. Phosphorus content (ng-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
. deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery ....108
Figure 35. Sulfur content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the sulfur content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 109
Figure 36. Sulfur content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05).CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 110
Figure 37. Lead content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the lead content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone Ill
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XIX
Figure 38. Lead content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain,
CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 112
Figure 39. Chromium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the chromium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 113
Figure 40. Chromium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 114
Figure 41. Cadmium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the cadmium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 115
Figure 42. Cadmium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery : 116
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XX
Figure 43. Barium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the barium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 117
Figure 44. Barium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 118
Figure 45. Nickel content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the nickel content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 119
Figure 46. Nickel content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 120
Figure 47. Cobalt content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the cobalt content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 121
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XXI
Figure 48. Cobalt content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 122
Figure 49. Beryllium content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the beryllium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 123
Figure 50. Beryllium content (jig-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 124
Figure 51. Molybdenum content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant
difference (p > 0.05) between the molybdenum content (ug-g"1) of sediment
sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone 125
Figure 52. Molybdenum content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the
middle Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition
zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI =
Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC
= Box Canyon Hatchery 126
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XX11
Figure 53. Benthic macroinvertebrate density (#-m~2) of agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05)
between the benthic macroinvertebrate density (#-m~2) of aquaculture and
agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 127
Figure 54. Benthic macroinvertebrate density (#-m~2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition
zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove
LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery : 128
Figure 55. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail) density (#-m"2) in agriculture
and aquaculture deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant
difference (p > 0.05) between the P. antipodarum density (#-m"2) in aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone ,...-. 129
Figure 56. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail) density (#-m~2) at the six
study sites in the middle Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A
Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View
Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery 130
Figure 57. Chironomidae spp. density (#-m~2) in agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between
Chironomidae spp. density (#-m~2) in aquaculture and agriculture control zones.
Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p <
0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition
zone 131
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XX111
Figure 58. Chironomidae spp. density (#-m"2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition zones (p
< 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS
Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal
Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery 132
Figure 59. Benthic macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass (g-m~2) of agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant
difference (p > 0.05) between the benthic macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass
(g-m~2) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ±.1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition
zone 133
Figure 60. Benthic macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass (g-m"2) at the six study sites in the
middle Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition
zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI -
Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC
= Box Canyon Hatchery 134
Figure 61. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (# taxa-dredge"1) of agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant
difference (p > 0.05) between the benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (#
taxa-dredge"1) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ±
1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture
deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone 135
Figure 62. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (# taxa-dredge"1) at the six study sites in
the middle Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from mean. Asterisks indicate significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 136
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XXIV
Figure 63. Aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m"2) of agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p >
0.05) between the aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m~2) of aquaculture
and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the
mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA
= aquaculture deposition zone 137
Figure 64. Aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m"2) at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from
the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and
deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39
Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box
Canyon Hatchery 138
Figure 65. Monthly aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m~2) by depth (m) of
agriculture (AG) and aquaculture (AQUA) deposition zones 139
Figure 66. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
upstream of agriculture discharges (AG CON) and sediments sampled downstream
of agriculture discharges (AG DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2000 171
Figure 67. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (813C and 815N) between sediments sampled
upstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA CON) and sediments sampled
downstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA DEP) in the middle Snake River,
2000 .171
Figure 68. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (813C and 815N) between sediments sampled
upstream of agriculture discharges (AG CON) and sediments sampled downstream
of agriculture discharges (AG DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2001 172
Figure 69. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
upstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA CON) and sediments sampled
downstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA DEP) in the middle Snake River,
2001 172
Figure 70. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
downstream of agriculture discharges (AG) and sediments sampled downstream of
aquaculture discharges (AQUA) in the middle Snake River, 2000 173
Figure 71. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
downstream of agriculture discharges (AG) and sediments sampled downstream of
aquaculture discharges (AQUA) in the middle Snake River, 2001 173
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INTRODUCTION
Background
The addition of wastewaters containing unnatural amounts of nutrients (for Middle Snake
region: >42.5 ug-1"1 total phosphorus and >0.3 mg-1"1 nitrate+nitrite), sediment, and organic
matter from various effluents and discharges has been impacting riverbed environments for many
years. These waste loadings often modify the natural species diversity, density, and biomass of
plants and animals in rivers (Thiebaut and Muller 1998, Parkhill and Gulliver 2002). Hence,
plants and animals have been increasingly used as indicators of water quality in running waters.
In particular, benthic macroinvertebrates (BNfl) (Linke et al. 1999, Timm et al. 2001, Rueda et
al. 2002) and aquatic macrophytes (AM) (Grasmuck et al. 1995, Tremp and Kohler 1995) have
been useful as bioindicators of overall aquatic ecosystem health. These organisms are useful
because they are relatively sedentary in nature (and thereby exposed to environmental conditions
over a period of time), are abundant and diverse in aquatic systems, are relatively easy and
economical to sample, and cover a wide range of pollution tolerances (Gopal and Chamanlal
1991, Linke et al. 1999, Rueda et al. 2002).
The agriculture and aquaculture industries have been known to play a major role in the
contribution of nutrients and sediments to lotic environments (Brown et al. 1974, Omernik et al.
1981, Doupe et al. 1999, Varadi 2001, Owens and Walling 2002). Waste discharges from
agriculture may include both irrigation return flows and overland flows from non-irrigated
agriculture, both which contribute elevated sediment and associated nutrients from runoff
(Robison et al. 2002). Aquaculture wastewater typically includes paniculate organic material
from unconsumed feed and fecal matter (Pawar et al. 2001) as well as soluble organics (IDEQ
1995). Organic matter is considered the primary pollutant causing benthic enrichment below
experimental marine aquaculture net cages (Tlusty et al. 2000) and aquaculture net cages in
Japan (Pawar et al. 2001). Organic matter is also a primary pollutant downstream of inland
aquaculture operations in Australia (Doupe et al. 1999) and Europe (Varadi 2001). Large inputs
of particulate organic matter from aquaculture sites can settle to the sediments and create
enriched conditions from two to 20 times background values that will impact the chemistry and
ecology of the benthos (Tlusty et al. 2000). With accrual, these sediments may become reducing
sediments and create an anaerobic environment that will enhance mobilization of nutrients and
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contaminants from the sediments, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonium, methane, carbon
dioxide, and metals.
The Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) has listed the middle Snake River
in south-central Idaho as water quality-limited under the Clean Water Act since 1990 (Clark and
Ott 1996, Falter and Burris 1996). Specific stream segments not meeting water quality standards
are listed under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. These listings have been the result of
decades of point and non-point discharges. Studies in the 1990's (Brockway and Robison 1992,
Falter and Carlson 1994, Falter et al. 1995, Falter and Burris 1996) have demonstrated the extent
of the water quality problem in the middle Snake River. Sampling 55 sites along the middle
Snake River (1990-1991), Brockway and Robison (1992) concluded that a 151-km stretch of
river from Milner Dam (River Kilometer (RK) 1029.8) to King Hill (RK 878.5) accumulated and
transported up to 27,216 kg-day"1 of nitrate+nitrite, 1,814 kg-day"1 of phosphate, and 317,515
kg-day"1 of suspended solids. Further study of the middle Snake River from Twin Falls (RK
989.7) downstream to Upper Salmon Falls Dam (RK 935) in 1992 (Falter and Carlson 1994),
1993 (Falter et al. 1995), and 1994 (Falter and Burris 1996) concluded that biomass levels for the
plant community reached densities exceeding 3,000 g-m"2, while chlorophyll a concentrations,
dissolved nutrient concentrations, and sediment nutrient levels were all indicative of a eutrophic
system.
Purpose and Objectives
The goal of this study was to characterize the sediment and associated aquatic communities
(BMI and AM) upstream and downstream of waste loadings from agriculture and aquaculture
operations to the middle Snake River in south-central Idaho. Specific objectives were to:
(1) Spatially define sediment deposition zones directly downstream of three agriculture
drains and three aquaculture discharges to the middle Snake River in 2000;
(2) Compare sediment composition upstream (control zone) and downstream (deposition
zone) of three agriculture drains and three aquaculture discharges to the middle Snake
River in 2000 and 2001;
(3) Compare BMI density, biomass, and taxa richness upstream (control zone) and
downstream (deposition zone) of three agriculture drains and three aquaculture discharges
to the middle Snake River in 2001; and
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(4) Compare AM biomass and species composition upstream (control zone) and
downstream (deposition zone) of three agriculture drains and three aquaculture discharges
to the middle Snake River in 2001.
Study Area
The middle Snake River, located in south-central Idaho, lies in the northwestern edge of the
Great Basin and occupies part of the former range of Pliocene Lake Idaho (Cazier and Myers
1996). The river carves a canyon through the basalt layers of south-central Idaho, in the center
of the resulting Snake River Plain. The Snake River Plain extends 80 to 200 km north to south,
from the southern edge of the central Idaho mountains to the Great Basin uplift in southern
Idaho, and 645 km east to west, from the Owyhee mountains to the western edge of the Rocky
Mountains (USFWS 1995). The middle Snake River collects the cold, clear waters of the Snake
River Plain Aquifer that flow as springs from the north basalt canyon walls, having originated
from the Lost River and Birch Creek sinks into the basalt layers some 195 miles to the northeast.
These coldwater springs, contributing approximate year-round flows of 142 to 170 m3-s"' to the
river (Robison et al. 2002), provide optimal temperatures (14-17 °C) for culturing rainbow trout
(Oncorhvnchus mykiss) and other coldwater fish species. As a result, there are approximately
144 permitted fish rearing facilities adjacent to the middle Snake River that are responsible for
producing approximately 70% of the nation's cultured rainbow trout (IDEQ 1995).
The middle Snake River is highly regulated by dams and diversions, primarily for
irrigation and hydroelectric power generation (Clark and Ott 1996). During the irrigation season
(April-October) much of the river is diverted out-of-channel to supply canals at Milner Dam (RK
1029.8) for irrigating approximately 145,700 hectares of land by sprinkler and traditional gravity
methods (Robison et al. 2002). Most of the summer flow of the middle Snake River downstream
of Milner Dam is as a result of irrigation return flows, agriculturally impacted tributaries, and
spring flows.
Numerous point and non-point source waste loadings occur throughout the middle Snake
River from irrigation returns, aquaculture effluents, confined animal feeding operations, and
wastewater treatment plant returns (Brockway and Robison 1992, Falter and Burris 1996, EPA
2002). Waste loadings to the middle Snake River peak in a short stretch from Twin Falls, Idaho
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(RK 984.6) to Upper Salmon Falls Dam (RK 935.5). This present study focuses on the middle
Snake River between Twin Falls, Idaho and Upper Salmon Falls Dam (Figure 1).
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METHODS
Study Sites
This study was conducted on a subset of existing aquaculture and agriculture discharges to
the middle Snake River, selected both for their relatively large volumes and discharge to rapids-
free river reaches likely to be deposition zones. A total of three irrigation return flows (Ag
Drains) and three aquaculture facility discharges were sampled for sediment in 2000 and
sediment, BMI, and AM in 2001 (Figure 1). The three agriculture drains selected for study all
flow from the south, or left bank of the Snake River, and were located at RK 970.9 (Pigeon Cove
LQ & LS Drain), 969.0 (Southside LS2/39A Drain), and 967.1 (Southside 39 Drain) (Brockway
and Robison 1992, EPA 2002). In the remainder of this document, these Ag Drains will be
referred to as ADS, AD2 and ADI, respectively. The three aquaculture discharges selected for
study were those from Crystal Springs Hatchery (RK 966.4), Rim View Hatchery (RK 963.5),
and Box Canyon Hatchery (RK 946.8), which use spring waters from Crystal Springs, Niagara
Springs, and Box Canyon Springs, respectively.
Sample Collection
The deposition zone, within the first 150 meters downstream of each discharge, was defined
by using a 1.83-meter calibrated metal rod. The rod was pushed down vertically through the
sediments to determine the depth and substrate composition (i.e., fine sediments, sand, gravel, or
cobble) of the river bottom by feel and sound. PVC attachments were connected to the rod for
probing in water depths up to 5.5 meters. However, because the rod itself was only 1.83 meters
in length, we were limited to recording a maximum sediment depth of 1.83 meters, even if the
actual sediment depth exceeded this maximum. Rod instability was already an issue with the
1.83-meter rod length; longer rod lengths would have resulted in an increased occurrence of rod
bending. The rod was used from an anchored boat at 42 different point locations per site using a
systematic grid design (Figure 2). The design allowed probing of the sediments from three
different distances from the shoreline (5, 10, and 15 meters) and from 14 different distances from
the discharge (10-150 meters). We conducted this sediment probing technique one time for each
site during June, 2000.
In 2000, we collected sediment samples monthly from August to October. In each month,
16 samples were collected at each of the six study sites. At each site, we collected eight control
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samples upstream of the discharge (control zone) for comparison with eight samples collected
downstream of the discharge (deposition zone). Samples were collected at systematic random
distances from the discharge along a virtual line parallel to the shore (Figure 3).
Due to replication discrepancies, the sample design was changed for 2001 (Figure 4). In
2001, sediment, BMI, and AM samples were collected monthly from June to October, where 12
samples were collected monthly at each of the six study sites. The irrigation return flows are
typically active from June to October, which led us to use these months as the bounds of our
sampling period. At each site, a cluster of four replicate samples were collected at least 200
meters upstream of each discharge (control zone) for comparison with eight samples collected
downstream of the discharge (deposition zone). We separated these eight deposition zone
samples into two clusters of four replicates, with the first cluster of four randomly sampled
between 100 and 200 meters downstream from the discharge and the second cluster randomly
sampled between 1 and 100 meters downstream from the discharge. Due to differences in
sampling strategy for each year, the sampled sediment could not be compared between years and
statistical analysis of 2000 data could not be completed.
All sediment samples were collected with a Petite Ponar Dredge (225 cm2). In 2000, all
BMI and AM were removed from the sediment and returned to the river. In 2001, sediment,
BMI, and AM were each separated, preserved, and transported for laboratory analysis. All
sample collection techniques followed standard operating procedures (SOP's) detailed in
Appendix A.
Immediately following collection of each sample, BMI were sorted in the field to quantify
and return any listed species to the river. Dustin Hinson was the only qualified individual in the
field to identify listed species. Mr. Hinson was sufficiently trained in the identification of the
five listed species by Scott Lindstrom, a BMI taxonomist from EcoAnalysts in Moscow, Idaho.
Mr. Lindstrom is a qualified expert in the identification of Snake River listed snail species. Due
to the extreme densities of BMI in some samples, some specimens of the endangered snail,
Valvata utahensis, went unnoticed and were not returned to the river in the field. These Valvata
utahensis specimens were identified during laboratory processing and verified as the endangered
snail by Scott Lindstrom. All preserved Valvata utahensis identified in the laboratory were sent
to Bill Clark, Assistant Director of the Orma J. Smith Museum of Natural History, at Albertson
College of Idaho, Caldwell, Idaho for permanent housing.
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Laboratory Analysis
Sediment
Sediment samples were transported and processed at the University of Idaho Analytical
Sciences Laboratory in Moscow, Idaho. Physical sediment analysis included particle size
composition of sand, silt, and clay [Bouyoncos Hydrometer Method (Appendix A)]. Settling
tube particle size analysis (i.e. Bouyoncos Hydrometer Method) is described as being superior to
other methods (Le Roux 1998). Chemical sediment analysis included percent carbon and
nitrogen [LECO® Combustion Analyzer CNS-2000 (Appendix A)], as well as the trace elements
phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, manganese, copper, iron, sulfur,
lead, chromium, cadmium, barium, nickel, cobalt, beryllium, and molybdenum [EPA 3050
screen (Appendix A)]. Sediment organic matter content (percent by dry weight) was not
measured in 2001 middle Snake River sediments. As a result, organic matter measurements from
2000 middle Snake River sediments were used for inferential analysis.
Stable isotope analysis was used as an exploratory technique for determining the source of
middle Snake River sediments. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether
sediment stable isotopes (813C and 815N) could be used to differentiate agriculture or aquaculture
sources of sediment. Stable Isotope sediments were processed and analyzed at the University of
Idaho Stable Isotope Laboratory using an Elemental Analyzer online with a Delta Plus Isotope
Ratio mass spectrometer. The results of this analysis are detailed in Appendix B.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
BMI samples were preserved in 70% Ethanol with Rose Bengal Dye until processing. The
high numbers of BMI in each sample warranted the use of a laboratory subsampling apparatus to
make processing more efficient. The subsampling apparatus was a horizontal, rotating circular
chamber that was equally divided into ten sub-chambers. Each sample, after being uniformly
mixed in water, was slowly poured from a fixed point into the rotating chamber, thus equally
divided between the ten sub-chambers. Subsamples were randomly chosen and sequentially
processed until a cumulative count of at least 100 individuals was reached (Wrona et al. 1982).
The total number of subsamples it took to reach at least 100 individuals was used as a multiplier
to estimate the total number of BMI in the full sample. This method was used by Hickley (1975)
to achieve a ±20% precision at 95% confidence level. These estimated counts were used to
calculate total BMI density (#-m~2) and the density of selected BMI taxa, including Valvata
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utahensis, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and Chironomidae spp. The standard procedure for BMI
oven dry weight (ODW) (Benke 1996) was used to estimate total biomass (g-m~2) for each grab
sample. BMI were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level following the manuals An
Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America (Merritt and Cummins. 1984), Freshwater
Snails of North America (Burch 1982), and Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States
(Pennak 1978). Taxa richness was determined by counting the total number of different taxa
identified in each grab sample. BMI were typically identified to the family level, with selected
taxonomic groups only identified to the Phylum or Class level (i.e. Phylum Nematoda, Class
Oligochaeta) due to their difficult distinction. This potential undercounting of taxa could be a
source of error in the BMI richness metric.
Aquatic Macrophytes
AM were frozen in plastic bags until processing. Each thawed sample was washed to
remove detritus, sediment, and epiphytic algae before identification (Wagner and Falter 2002).
All vascular submergent AM were identified to species using the manuals The Aquatic Plants
(Prescott 1969) and Flora of the Pacific Northwest (Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973). The
Standard Methods Procedure (10400 D.3) for AM ODW or biomass (g-m~2) was used to estimate
percent species composition by weight for each grab sample (APHA 1992). All mean AM
biomass values include grab samples with an AM biomass of zero. Algae were excluded from
all analyses.
Statistical Analysis
Sediment
The sediment samples collected in 2000 were later deemed pseudo-replicates so we could
not compare data collected in 2000 with data collected in 2001. Statistical analyses herein were
only applied to sediment data collected in 2001. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
methods were used to test whether any of the 23 measured sediment variables differed (p < 0.05)
between the five sampling months (June-October) and the six study sites (AD3, AD2, ADI,
Crystal Springs, Rim View, and Box Canyon) using the general linear model (GLM) procedure
in The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02). The multivariate normal assumption was
checked prior to running the MANOVA using the principal components procedure in The SAS
System for Windows (version 8.02).
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After checking for significant differences in the data using all variables combined, analysis
of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to test for significant differences (p < 0.05) between
the deposition zone (downstream of discharge) sediments of pooled agriculture sites and pooled
aquaculture sites for each of the 23 variables and for each of the five sampling months.
However, comparisons of deposition zones for each variable and for each month were only made
if the differences between agriculture and aquaculture control zones (upstream of discharge) for
that same variable and month were determined to be statistically similar (no significant
difference, p > 0.05).
ANOVA methods were also used to test for significant differences (p < 0.05) between
control (upstream of discharge) and deposition (downstream of discharge) grab samples for each
of the 23 variables independently. To facilitate comparison between control and deposition
zones, grab samples from both deposition zone clusters were pooled prior to running the
ANOVA tests. The GLM procedure in The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02) was used
for all ANOVA tests with an a priori significance level of a = 0.05. The univariate normal
assumption was checked prior to running the ANOVA tests using the univariate procedure in
The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02).
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) methods were used to test whether any of
the three measured BMI variables (abundance, biomass, and taxa richness) differed (p < 0.05)
between month or site using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in The SAS System for
Windows (version 8.02). The multivariate normal assumption was checked prior to running the
MANOVA using the principal components procedure in The SAS System for Windows (version
8.02).
After checking for significant differences in the data using all variables combined, analysis
of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to test for significant differences (p < 0.05) between
the deposition zone (downstream of discharge) BMI populations of pooled agriculture sites and
pooled aquaculture sites for each of the three variables and for each of the five sampling months.
However, comparisons of deposition zones for each variable and for each month were only made
if the agriculture and aquaculture control zones (upstream of discharge) for that same variable
and month were determined to be statistically similar (no significant difference, p > 0.05).
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ANOVA methods were also used to test for significant differences (p < 0.2) between control
(upstream of discharge) and deposition (downstream of discharge) grab samples for each of the
three BMI variables independently. To facilitate comparison between control and deposition
zones, grab samples from both deposition zone clusters were pooled prior to running the
ANOVA tests. The GLM procedure in The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02) was used
for all ANOVA tests with an a priori significance level of a = 0.05. Post hoc significance levels
were increased to a = 0.2 for the control and deposition zone grab sample comparisons for all
three variables. This increased significance level was selected because of the inherently variable
nature of biological populations. The univariate normal assumption was checked prior to
running the ANOVA tests using the univariate procedure in The SAS System for Windows
(version 8.02).
Aquatic Macrophytes
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) methods were used to test whether overall AM biomass
differed (p < 0.05) between month or site using the general linear model (GLM) procedure in
The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02). ANOVA methods were also used to test for
significant differences (p < 0.05) between deposition zone (downstream of discharge) AM
biomass of pooled agriculture sites and pooled aquaculture sites for each of the five sampling
months. However, industry comparisons of deposition zone AM biomass for each month were
only made if AM biomass in agriculture and aquaculture control zones (upstream of discharge)
for that same month were determined to be statistically similar (no significant difference, p >
0.05).
ANOVA methods were also used to test for significant differences between control
(upstream of discharge) and deposition (downstream of discharge) grab samples according to
AM biomass. To facilitate comparison between control and deposition zones, grab samples from
both deposition zone clusters were pooled prior to running the ANOVA tests. The GLM
procedure in The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02) was used for the ANOVA tests with
an a priori significance level of a = 0.5. Post hoc significance levels were increased to a = 0.2
for the control and deposition zone AM biomass comparison. As with BMI, this increased
significance level was selected because of the inherently variable nature of biological
populations. The univariate normal assumption was checked prior to running the ANOVA tests
using the univariate procedure in The SAS System for Windows (version 8.02).
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RESULTS
Sediment Depth
Substrate probing was conducted in an attempt to define sediment depth downstream of the
six study site discharges and to understand how sediment depth changed with distance
downstream from the discharge. Sediment depths were not measured upstream of discharges
because the purpose was not to compare results upstream and downstream of the discharge as
with the other measured variables. However, comparisons can be made between agriculture and
aquaculture sediment depths.
Sediment depth, including clay, silt, sand, and pea gravel substrates (< 5 mm diameter), in
the middle Snake River ranged from zero meters downstream of ADS (Agriculture Drain 3) to
the maximum measurable depth of 1.83 meters downstream of Box Canyon, Rim View, Crystal
Springs, ADI (Agriculture Drain 1), AD2 (Agriculture Drain 2), and AD3 discharges (Figures 5
and 6). At agriculture sites, sediment depth did not show any general trends with increasing
distance downstream from the discharge. However, agriculture sediment probing locations
reached maximum measurable sediment depth (1.83 meters) more frequently than below
aquaculture discharges. Specifically, the maximum measurable depth was reached at 51 of 123
(41 %) agriculture probing locations below agriculture discharges. These maximum depth
sediment probing locations were evenly located along the entire 150 meters downstream of the
agriculture discharge and for all three distances from the shoreline (5, 10, and 15 meters). The
greatest occurrence of the maximum depth probing locations (i.e., fine sediment), 29 of 51 (57
%), were located downstream of AD2.
Below aquaculture discharges, sediment depth generally increased as the distance
downstream from the discharge increased. The maximum measurable depth (1.83 meters) was
reached at 16 of 122 (13 %) aquaculture probing locations. The majority of these maximum
depth sediment probing locations were located between 100 and 150 meters downstream of the
aquaculture discharges and 10 meters from the shoreline.
Sediment Characterization
A difference between sediment organic matter downstream of agriculture and aquaculture
industries was apparent in 2000 middle Snake River sediments. Maximum sediment organic
matter (5.0 %) was sampled downstream of the Crystal Springs study site in October. Minimum
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sediment organic matter (0.23 %) was sampled downstream of the AD3 study site in September.
Sediment organic matter downstream of aquaculture discharges averaged 1.30,2.20, and 1.85 %
for CS, RV, and BC, respectively. Sediment organic matter downstream of agriculture discharges
averaged 0.75,0.88, and 1.12 % for AD3, AD2, and ADI, respectively. Average organic content
of sediments downstream of aquaculture discharges (1.78 %) was nearly twice that of average
sediment organic content downstream of agriculture discharges (0.91 %). This distinct difference
in organic matter composition is likely caused by the increase in aquatic vegetation downstream
of aquaculture facilities coupled with the sustained organic input from aquaculture discharges.
Samples from June-October, 2001 were used to assess the mean, standard deviation and
range of physical and chemical sediment characteristics over all study sites (Table 1). Physical
and chemical sediment characteristics showed high variability throughout the reach for all
measured variables. For example, sediment sand content ranged from 33.2-98.6 % throughout
the sampling period, while sediment phosphorus ranged from 340-2,200 ng-g"1.
We compared the mean physical and chemical makeup of the substrate in the control and
deposition zones between pooled agriculture sites and pooled aquaculture sites for all months
combined (Table 2). Trends begin to appear with this further breakdown of mean sediment
values. For example, mean sediment nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur were greater in
aquaculture deposition zones (N = 0.1%, P = 1,473.93 fxg-g"1, and S = 2,177.0 ng-g"1) than
aquaculture control zones, agriculture control zones, or agriculture deposition zones. However,
the sediment metrics, Sodium, Manganese, Iron, Barium, and Nickel were greater in agriculture
control zones (Na = 823.67 jag-g'1, Mn = 207.93 j^g-g'1, Fe = 13,808.33 ng-g"1, Ba = 113.7 ng-g'1,
and Ni = 1,819.0 jig-g"1) than agriculture deposition zones, aquaculture control zones, or
aquaculture deposition zones.
Statistical Comparisons
Statistical tests were performed on sampled middle Snake River sediment for two primary
purposes. First, it was critical to determine whether various measured sediment parameters were
statistically different between agriculture deposition zones and aquaculture deposition zones.
Secondly, we attempted to decipher statistical differences between these sediment parameters in
the control and deposition zones of each individual site. Principal components analysis showed
that sediment data were approximately multivariate normal because each principal component
was approximately univariate normal (Johnson 1998). The principal components analysis also
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pointed out a few outliers in the data. It was determined that these outliers couldn't be removed
because the values were reasonable and were consistent between replicates. The MANOVA
tests showed that there was a significant month difference for at least one of the 23 measured
sediment variables (Wilks' Lambda, p<0.0001), indicating that there is a temporal pattern in the
physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment. The MANOVA tests also showed that
there was a significant site difference for at least one of the 23 measured variables (Wilks'
Lambda, p<0.0001), indicating that there is a spatial pattern in the physical and chemical
characteristics of the sediment. Due to multivariate differences by month and site, ANOVA tests
comparing control and deposition zones were run on each month and site separately. Data used
in all sediment ANOVA tests were not transformed because the univariate procedure showed all
variables were approximately normal.
Tables 3 through 7 show mean sediment values for each month, site, and zone
independently as well as indicate whether significant differences occurred between the mean
sediment values. A consistent pattern became evident when analyzing these results. The pattern
indicates that a significantly greater proportion of fine material (silt and clay) in a sediment
sample was typically associated with a significantly greater concentration of trace elements in a
sample. For example, sediment sampled from the AD3 study site in August had significantly
greater proportions of silt and clay in the control zone (silt = 48.0 % and clay = 3.8 %) than the
deposition zone (silt = 8.4 % and clay = 1.7 %) (Table5). Likewise, significantly greater
concentrations of all 20 trace elements occurred in the control zone sediments of AD3 than the
deposition zone sediments of AD3 in August. This positive relationship between the proportion
of fine material and the concentration of trace elements remained consistent for all other sites
and months. The high proportion of sand in the AD3 deposition zone sediments in August also
contributed to the low trace element concentrations downstream of the discharge.
Figures 7-52 not only illustrate the data presented in Tables 3-7 but also provide a
comparison between the aquaculture and agriculture industry deposition zone sediments based
on the 23 measured sediment variables. Significant differences between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones are illustrated in Figures 7-52, as well as significant differences
between the control and deposition zones of each site. Descriptions of these results are detailed
in Appendix C.
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Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) were collected from the middle Snake River in 2001 to
assess the changes in benthic community structure as a result of agriculture and aquaculture
discharges. BMI abundance, biomass, and taxa richness were measured to quantitatively assess
in-stream differences in benthic community structure.
The BMI community sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001 consisted of a variety
of taxonomic categories, including insects, crustaceans, turbellarians, oligochaetes, hirudineans,
nematodes, gastropods, and pelecypods. A full list of middle Snake River sampled taxa,
including the sites and zones (control and deposition) from which they were collected are shown
in Table 8. Gastropods, oligochaetes, and amphipods were the most frequent taxonomic groups
collected, occupying all sites and zones of collection. Four different gastropod taxa,
Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Gyraulus parvus, Physella spp., and Pisidium spp., occupied all
sites and all zones of collection. Chironomids were sampled in all sites and zones except for the
Box Canyon control zone.
BMI were also used to assess the benthic community structure in the control and
deposition zones of pooled agriculture sites and pooled aquaculture sites for all months
combined (Table 9). Results indicate that both BMI abundance (#-m~2) and biomass (g-m~2) were
about ten times greater downstream of aquaculture discharges (32,600 and 34.2, respectively)
than downstream of agriculture discharges (3,111 and 3.3, respectively). The number of distinct
BMI taxa sampled (richness) was also greater downstream of aquaculture discharges (6.0) than
downstream of agriculture discharges (4.0).
BMI abundance, biomass, and richness varied within each type of discharge (Table 9). At
agriculture study sites, an average of 10 % more BMI-m"2 were collected upstream of the
discharge (3,415) than downstream (3,111). However, average BMI biomass (g-m~2) sampled
from agriculture sites was 10 % greater downstream of the discharge (3.3) than upstream (3.0).
These resulting abundance and biomass averages from agriculture sites indicate that the average
weight of BMI individuals was greater downstream of the discharges than upstream. The
average number of distinct taxa (richness) sampled upstream of agriculture discharges (4.6) was
greater than the average number of distinct taxa sampled downstream of agriculture discharges
(4.0).
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-2,
At aquaculture sites, an average of 19 % more BMI-m" were sampled downstream of
discharges (32,610) than upstream (27,383) (Table 9). Alternately, average biomass (g-m"2) at
aquaculture sites was 13 % greater upstream of discharges (38.6) than downstream (34.2).
Unlike agriculture sites, average abundance and biomass values at aquaculture sites indicate that
the average weight of BMI individuals was greater upstream of the discharges than downstream.
Table 9 also shows that the average number of distinct taxa sampled downstream of aquaculture
sites (6.0) was greater than the average number of distinct taxa sampled upstream of aquaculture
sites (5.5).
Tables 10-14 show average BMI abundance, biomass, and taxa richness values for each
month, site, and zone independently. Average BMI abundance was approximately 9x greater
downstream of aquaculture discharges than downstream of agriculture discharges in June,
August, and October of 2001 (Figure 53). Average monthly BMI abundance was consistently
high downstream of the RV discharge and upstream of the BC discharge (Figure 54). Average
monthly BMI abundance was greatest downstream of the RV discharge in June, where the total
number of organisms exceeded 231,000 individuals-m"2, 73% of which were P. antipodarum.
Minimum monthly BMI abundance occurred upstream of the AD3 discharge in September,
where the total number of organisms was less than 870 individuals-m'2. Species-specific BMI
abundances are shown in Figures 55-58 and are described in the section below.
Average BMI biomass was 14x greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than
agriculture discharges in August and 6x greater in October, 2001 (Figure 59). As with average
monthly BMI abundance, average monthly BMI biomass was consistently high downstream of
the RV discharge and upstream of the BC discharge (Figure 60). The greatest monthly BMI
biomass was sampled upstream of the BC discharge, exceeding 287.0 g-m"2. The minimum
monthly BMI biomass value of 0.4 g-m"2 was sampled upstream of the AD2 discharge in
September.
Average BMI taxa richness was at least 25% greater downstream of aquaculture discharges
than downstream of agriculture discharges for all months sampled (Figure 61). Average monthly
BMI taxa richness was consistently high upstream of the RV discharge during the entire five
month study, and reached a maximum of 10.3 in September (Figure 62). Consistently low
monthly BMI taxa richness was evident upstream of the BC discharge, with minimum values
falling to 1.7 in August. The generally low monthly taxa richness upstream of the BC discharge
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coincides with high densities of the exotic snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, and low densities
of all other aquatic organisms. .
Species Specific Abundance
Valvata utahensis
Valvata utahensis (Utah Valvata) was the only listed species encountered throughout the
2001 benthic macroinvertebrate sampling effort. During the study, we found a single population
of V. utahensis along the south bank of the river, about 200 meters downstream of Box Canyon
aquaculture facility (RK 946.8). V. utahensis were found in 15 of the 20 dredge samples (75 %)
collected at this location (June-October, 2001). Live V. utahensis from these 15 dredges ranged
in number from 1-13 individuals per dredge, with an average density of 2.67 snails-dredge"1
(118.5 snails-m"2). They inhabited very fine, black, organically enriched sediments with very
heavy macrophyte communities and associated filamentous algae.
Potamopyrsus antiyodarum
The exotic Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail) was sampled at all six
study sites during the 2001 benthic macroinvertebrate sampling effort. P. antopodarum were
found in 179 of the 359 total dredge samples (49.9 %) at all six sites (June-October, 2001). Live
P. antipodarum from the 359 total dredges ranged in number from 0-12,770 individuals, with an
average density of 258 snails-dredge"1 (11,457 snails-m"2). Average P. antipodarum abundance
was greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than agriculture discharges by 4500x in June,
lOOx in August, and 500x in October, 2001 (Figure 55). The greatest P. antipodarum densities
occurred 200 meters upstream of Box Canyon aquaculture facility (RK 946.8, south bank), and
between 100 and 200 meters downstream of Rim View aquaculture facility (RK 964.0, north
bank) (Figure 56). Densities at these particular Box Canyon and Rim View locations averaged
66,131 individuals-m"2 and 98,764 individuals-m"2, respectively, over 20 dredge samples at each
site. Overall, maximum P. antipodarum density occurred in a grab sample between 100 and 200
meters downstream of the Rim View aquaculture facility in June, 2001. This sample had 12,770
individuals, equivalent to 567,556 P. antipodarum-m2. Many of the P. antipodarum sampled in
this particular grab were attached to the dense aquatic macrophyte and filamentous algae growth.
The sediments in this area were very fine, black, and organically enriched. The distinct odor of
reducing sediments (F^S) was also evident.
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Chironomidae spp.
Chironomidae spp. were sampled at each of the six study sites during the 2001 benthic
macroinvertebrate sampling effort. Chironomidae spp. were found in 274 of the 359 total dredge
samples (76.3 %) at all six sites (June-October, 2001). Live Chironomidae from the 359 total
dredges ranged in number from 0-160 individuals, with an average density of 6.39
individuals-dredge"1 (284 individuals-m"2). Average Chironomidae abundance was greater
downstream of agriculture discharges than aquaculture discharges by 300% in June and 60% in
September, 2001 (Figure 57). Greatest Chironomidae densities occurred in the deposition zone of
the Crystal Springs study site in July (Figure 58). Densities at this particular location averaged
4,006 individuals-m"2 over eight dredge samples. Overall, maximum Chironomidae density
occurred in a July grab sample 2.5 meters in depth and between 100 and 200 meters downstream
of the Crystal Springs aquaculture facility. This sample had 160 individuals, equivalent to 7,111
Chironomidae-m"2. The Chironomidae sampled in this particular grab were burrowed into the
fine sediment. The sediments in this sample were classified as loamy sand and lacked the black,
gelatinous consistency and H2S odor typically associated with reducing sediments. There was
very little aquatic macrophyte biomass sampled at this location and mats of filamentous algae
were absent.
Statistical Comparisons
Statistical tests were performed on sampled BMI populations for two primary purposes.
First, it was critical to determine whether BMI metrics (abundance, biomass, and taxa richness)
were statistically different downstream of agriculture sites and aquaculture sites. Secondly, we
attempted to decipher statistical differences between these BMI parameters in the control and
deposition zones of each individual site. The principal components analysis showed that the
BMI data (abundance, biomass, and taxa richness) were approximately multivariate normal
because each principal component was approximately univariate normal. There were a few
outliers indicated by the principal components analysis but these were not removed because the
values were reasonable and were consistent between replicates. The MANOVA tests showed
that there was a significant month difference for at least one of the three measured variables
(Wilks' Lambda, p<0.0001), meaning that BMI populations showed a temporal variability. The
MANOVA tests also showed that there was a significant site difference for at least one of the
three measured variables (Wilks' Lambda, p<0.0001), meaning that the BMI populations showed
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a spatial variability. Because of the multivariate differences by month and site, the ANOVA
tests comparing BMI population metrics between control and deposition zones were run on each
month and site separately. Data used in all BMI ANOVA tests were not transformed because the
univariate procedure showed all variables to be approximately normal.
Tables 10-14 indicate whether significant differences occurred between the average BMI
values upstream and downstream of each discharge by site and month. At agriculture sites,
general trends show that BMI taxa richness was significantly greater upstream of the discharges
about five times more often than downstream of the discharges. At aquaculture sites, general
trends show that BMI abundance and biomass were significantly greater downstream of the
discharge about two times more often than upstream of the discharge. Figures 53-62 provide a
comparison between the aquaculture and agriculture industry deposition zone sediment BMI
variables (abundance, biomass, taxa richness, P. antipodarum abundance, and Chironomidae
spp. abundance). Significant differences between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones
are illustrated in Figures 53-62, as well as significant differences between the control and
deposition zones of each site. Descriptions of these results are detailed in Appendix C.
Aquatic Macrophytes
Seven vascular AM taxa were sampled from five different families throughout the five-
month sampling period on the middle Snake River (Table 15). Potamogeton crispus, Elodea
canadensis, and Ceratophyllum demersum were the most abundant species sampled at the
aquaculture study sites (Tables 1.6,17, and 18). Potamogeton crispus and Ceratophyllum
demersum were the most abundant species sampled at the agriculture study sites (Tables 19,20,
and 21). P. crispus dominated both control (54.3 %) and deposition (54.9 %) zones of the Box
Canyon study site. P. crispus also dominated the control zone (62.9 %) of AD2 and both the
control (51.6 %) and deposition (75.6%) zone of AD3. E. canadensis dominated both the control
(86.8 %) and deposition (84.5 %) zone of the Rim View study site, and the control zone (69.8 %)
of the Crystal Springs study site. C. demersum was not only dominant in the deposition zone
(47.0 %) of the Crystal Springs study site, but it was also the most dominant species in the
control (93.7 %) and deposition (93.9 %) zone of ADI and the deposition zone (95.0 %) of AD2.
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Statistical Considerations
Statistical tests were performed on sampled AM populations for two primary purposes.
First, it was critical to determine whether AM biomass was statistically different downstream of
agriculture sites and aquaculture sites. Secondly, we attempted to decipher statistical differences
between AM biomass in the control and deposition zones of each individual site. ANOVA
results indicate that there was a significant month difference in overall AM biomass (p =
0.0242), meaning that AM populations showed temporal variability. There was also a significant
site difference in overall AM biomass (p < 0.0001), meaning that AM populations showed
spatial variability. As a result, data from each month and site were kept separate when analyzing
for significant differences between AM biomass in the control and deposition zones.
Tables 10-14 indicate whether significant differences occurred between the average AM
biomass upstream and downstream of each discharge across each different site and month.
Distinct trends became evident and were unique to each industry. At agriculture sites, AM
biomass was never significantly greater downstream of the discharge than upstream. In fact, 4 of
15 sampling occurrences (3 agriculture sites x 5 sampling months = 15 sampling occurrences)
resulted in significantly greater AM biomass upstream of the discharge than downstream. At
aquaculture sites, on the other hand, AM biomass was never significantly greater upstream of the
discharge than downstream. Seven of 15 sampling occurrences (3 aquaculture sites x 5 sampling
months = 15 sampling occurrences) resulted in significantly greater AM biomass downstream of
the discharge than upstream.
Figure 63 provides a comparison between the AM biomass in the deposition zones of
pooled aquaculture study sites and pooled agriculture study sites. Significant differences
between the control and deposition zones of each site for each of the five sampling months are
illustrated in Figure 64. Further description of AM biomass results is detailed in Appendix C.
Average AM biomass was greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than agriculture
discharges by 40x in June and 5x in September, 2001 (Figure 63). The greatest AM biomass
sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001 occurred within 200 meters downstream of Rim
View aquaculture facility in June (RK 964.0, north bank) (Figure 64). Densities at this particular
Rim View location averaged 316.01 g-m"2for eight dredge samples in June, with a maximum
biomass of 677.71 g-m"2 approximately 100 meters downstream of the discharge.
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DISCUSSION
Sediment Depth
As stated in the results, sediment probing was not conducted upstream of the discharges
because the purpose was not to compare upstream and downstream differences in sediment
depth. We simply wanted to attempt to understand the three dimensional dynamics of the
deposition zones downstream of the six study site discharges. Mainly, we wanted to answer the
question of how sediment depth might change with distance downstream of the discharge.
Inorganic sediments, eroded from adjacent farmlands, were transported to the river via
irrigation return flows. Sediment transport was evident from the distinct brown color of the
discharge water and the reduced water transparency downstream of agriculture discharges.
These in-field observations led us to believe that sediment depth at agriculture sites was
primarily a result of inorganic particles dropping out of suspension and settling to the river
substrate. However, no trends were evident between the three agriculture study sites when we
studied the relationship between sediment depth and distance from the discharge (Figure 6). We
noticed pockets of very deep sediment as well as pockets of shallow sediment throughout the
entire sampling distance downstream of the agriculture discharges. Each agriculture study site
was different. ADI displayed no distinguishable sediment depth pattern. Sediment depth at
AD2 was consistently very deep throughout the entire 150 meters downstream of the discharge.
At ADS, sediment depth increased with distance downstream of the discharge.
At aquaculture study sites, general increases in sediment depth occurred as the distance
downstream from the discharge increased, to the maximum sampled distance of 150 meters
(Figure 5). For all three aquaculture sites combined, a two-fold increase in average sediment
depth occurred from 10 meters downstream of the discharge (0.8 m sediment depth) to 150
meters downstream of the discharge (1.5 m sediment depth). Although sediments depth
measurements were limited to a maximum of 150 meters downstream of each study site
discharge, sediments were dredged as far downstream as 200 meters from each study site
discharge. Sediments dredged between 150 and 200 meters downstream of aquaculture
discharges were generally fine-textured, leading us to assume that sediment depth was
continuing to increase beyond the maximum sampled distance of 150 meters.
Different patterns of sediment depth between agriculture and aquaculture study sites
complicate our understanding of deposition zones. Variations in water velocity and suspended
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sediment particle size can dramatically alter the sediment depth at any given location (Thomas et
al 2001). These results reiterate the fact that sediment patterns in the middle Snake River are
very dynamic and constantly changing.
Sediment Characterization
Particle Size
Sand was the dominant particle sampled at the middle Snake River study sites in 2001,
followed by silt and clay, respectively. Comparisons were made between 2000 sediment depth
results and 1994 sediment depth results from the middle Snake River study of the Crystal
Springs reach (Falter and Burris 1996). While sediment depth did not appear to differ between
1994 and 2000, the composition of particle sizes differed greatly between 1994 and 2001.
Specifically, sands averaged 46-59% of the dredged sediment from the Crystal Springs study site
in 1994 but averaged 59-95% of the dredged sediment from the same site in 2001. Likewise,
clay content averaged 37-46% of the dredged sediment from the Crystal Springs study site in
1994 but only 0.5-2.0% of the dredged sediment from the same site in 2001. Particle size values
were determined using the Buoyoncos hydrometer method for both years. Larger particle size in
2001 is likely the result of high flows in 1997 that flushed fines from the surficial sediment,
leaving a higher proportion of larger sand particles behind.
The 2001 middle Snake River study indicated that large amounts of silt and clay-sized
particles were not being deposited within the study reach. In contrast, studies by Brockway and
Robison in 1992 estimate that while only 3.1 million kg of fine solids entered the study reach
from sources upstream of Milner Dam (RK 1,028) during the period from June 1990 to July
1991, approximately 63.5 million kg of fine-grained sediment left the study reach at King Hill
(RK 877.6) (EPA 2002). This means that approximately 59.9 million kg of sediment entered the
middle Snake River downstream of Milner Dam and remained in suspension to King Hill (150.4
kilometers downstream) during this 12-month period. The finer particles, namely silts and clays,
likely made up a significant portion of the suspended sediments making it downstream to King
Hill. However, Brockway and Robison (1992) also estimated that over 26.4 million kg of
sediment was deposited in this same study reach during this period. Extremely high flows during
1997 likely flushed some of the deposited fines out of the reach, meaning that sediments sampled
in 2001 were recent deposits.
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Nutrients
Phosphorus and nitrogen are the nutrients that most often regulate eutrophic conditions in
aquatic ecosystems. Phosphorus is often the limiting nutrient in aquatic systems and is found in
both organic and inorganic forms (IDEQ 1995). Sediment phosphorus levels can become
extremely high, even to levels > 12,000 fig-g"1 as reported in the industrialized rivers of England
(Owens and Walling 2002) and 2,600 ng-g"1 in the middle Snake River (Falter and Carlson
1994). Alternatively, nitrogen is less a limiting nutrient in aquatic systems, but can become
limiting in systems saturated with phosphorus (Falter and Carlson 1994). Natural nitrogen levels
include a significant proportion of atmospheric nitrogen that is transferred to the aquatic system
via microbial processes (IDEQ 1995). Sediment Kjeldahl nitrogen was reported as high as
39,573 jag-g"1 in the middle Snake River in July, 1992 (Falter and Carlson 1994).
Between-Industry Comparison
Overall, 2001 sediment nutrient levels (P and N) were greater immediately downstream of
aquaculture discharges than agriculture discharges to the middle Snake River. This result should
not be misinterpreted to indicate that agriculture discharges do not contribute high nutrient loads
to the study reach. For example, sediment P from every 2001 middle Snake River sediment
sample (including agriculture sites) exceeded the 31 1.8 ng-g"1 maximum sediment P sampled in
the Crystal Springs Reach in 1992 (Falter and Carlson 1994) (Table 1). In fact, sediment P
concentrations sampled downstream of agriculture discharges in 2001 averaged 688.07 (ng-g"1
(Table 2), a concentration more than two times the 1992 maximum sediment P concentration
Most nutrients leaving croplands are associated with sediment transport (Omernik et al.
1981). Studies by Brockway and Robison (1992) clearly documented the high nutrient loads
associated with suspended sediment from agriculture return flows. They estimated that 33,566
kg of total phosphorus loadings entered the middle Snake River from 18-measured agriculture
return flows (including ADI, AD2, and AD3) during the 12-month sampling period from June
1990 to July 1991. Likewise, findings by Brockway and Robison (1992) show that ADI, AD2,
and AD3 all contributed P over the 42.5 ug-1"1 total phosphorus water quality criterion
(statistically based on 25th percentile of subregional waters) recommended by Flemer in 2002
(EPA personal communication) throughout the May through September, 1991 irrigation season.
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Nitrate+nitrite loads from agriculture return flows were estimated at 172,365 kg over the 12
months for the 18-measured study sites in 1990-91. The 0.3 mg-1"1 nitrate+nitrite water quality
criterion used by Idaho DEQ was then exceeded by ADI, AD2, and AD3 over nearly the entire
12-month period.
Although many studies, such as those mentioned above, have indicated high nutrient loads
to the middle Snake River from agriculture sources, 2001 middle Snake River sediments sampled
downstream of agriculture discharges contained low nutrient concentrations relative to sediments
downstream of aquaculture discharges. Sediment P averaged 688.07 ug-g"1 downstream of
agriculture discharges and 1473.93 ug-g"1 downstream of aquaculture discharges. Sediment N
averaged 0.03 % downstream of agriculture discharges and 0.10 % downstream of aquaculture
discharges.
Within-Industry Comparison
Nutrient levels (N and P) of sediments sampled upstream and downstream of agriculture
discharges varied between the three agriculture study sites. Average nutrient levels were greater
upstream of the AD3 discharge than downstream for all five sampling months (Tables 3-7).
Conversely, average nutrient levels were greater downstream of the AD2 (3 of 5 months) and
ADI (4 of 5 months) discharges than upstream of their respective discharges. In 60 % of
agriculture samples, high nutrient levels were correlated with high proportions of fine sediments.
We found nutrient levels were the highest in areas where river morphology allowed the most
deposition of fine material (i.e. backwater area, inside bend, downstream of sandbar). For
example, when sampling sediment from the ADI study site, a large sand bar was observed just
downstream of the discharge. This sandbar was positioned perpendicular to the shoreline and
likely blocked much of the downstream flow, creating calm conditions downstream of the
sandbar where fine sediment was more likely to be deposited. As a result, ADI deposition zone
sediments contained higher nutrient concentrations than ADI control zone sediments.
If agriculture discharge water to the middle Snake River is high in nutrients (Brockway
and Robison 1992), why did we not find the 2001 sampled sediments downstream of agriculture
discharges to be significantly higher in nutrients than the sampled sediments upstream of
agriculture discharges? A likely explanation is that we sampled sediment only within the first
200 meters downstream of agriculture discharges. Phosphorus adheres to finer clay and silt
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particles more readily than to coarse sand particles. Sampling within the first 200 meters
downstream of the agriculture discharges likely missed sampling much of the clay and silt
particles and associated nutrients because they settled out further downstream. Studying the
influence of particle size on deposition rates, Thomas et al. (2001) concluded, "smaller particles
deposited more slowly, and thus traveled farther, than larger size classes". It has also been
established that a small, but significant amount of nutrients from agriculture watersheds reach
rivers in soluble forms not associated with the sediment (Omernik et al. 1981). As a result,
dissolved nutrient loads entering the middle Snake River from agriculture discharges could easily
be transported great distances before being assimilated by biota and eventually cycled to the
surface sediment. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that 2001 sediment P levels directly
upstream of agriculture discharges (control zones) are higher or similar to downstream levels, as
a result of upstream agriculture loading.
Before aquaculture facilities were built in the Hagerman Valley, the cool springs gushing
from the north canyon walls flowed unimpeded into middle Snake River. As seen downstream
of aquaculture facilities today, the springs created plumes of cool, highly transparent water for
several hundred meters downstream before gradually mixing with mainstem waters. These clear
plumes in the mainstem Snake River likely supported healthy, diverse populations of native
aquatic vegetation that found growth advantageous in the highly developed photic environment,
as in the alcove springs today. The limited supply of phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations
and natural flows that seasonally scoured out bed sediments probably kept the vegetation growth
at an acceptable level (<200 g-m"2) (IDEQ 1995). Today, evidence of this historical growth can
be found in Blue Heart Springs (RK 946.5), adjacent to, but minimally impacted by middle
Snake River flows.
As aquaculture facilities were introduced to the Hagerman Valley, they began utilizing the
constant spring flows to raise coldwater fish species. Spring waters are first diverted through
hatchery raceways before discharge to the middle Snake River. These plumes maintained their
cool, highly transparent nature. However, additions to the discharge water from aquaculture
operations were introduced in the form of organic solids, fecal matter, and unconsumed food.
These organic particles were transported to the river in aquaculture discharges, albeit in low
concentrations but high annual loading rates. The natural, background levels of vegetation
downstream of these discharges began trapping the organic material and depositing it in the
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sediments near their roots (Barko et al. 1991, Petticrew and Kalff 1992, Chambers and Prepas
1994). The trapping of organic material is further enhanced by the decrease in water velocity
created by AM growth. Gradually these deposits built up in the sediments downstream of
aquaculture discharges, providing high concentrations of organic matter, carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, and trace elements in the rooting medium (Sand-jensen 1998) for greater plant
densities and more widespread establishment of plant beds. Sand-jensen (1998) concluded that
the sediment surface was "markedly raised and enriched with fine particles" in a dense patch of
Elodea Canadensis. Over a sequence of low flow years such as 1986-93, these mats of
vegetation utilize the nutrients trapped in the sediment to grow larger and denser. In the fall, the
dense mats of vegetation would senesce and settle to the substrate, recycling some contained
nutrients to the sediments for next year's growth (Chambers and Prepas 1994). Such nutrients
and organic matter intermittently bound in the biota and sediments will be transported
downstream at a much slower rate (IDEQ 1995) and eventually create anoxic sediment
conditions in deeper deposits. Anoxic sediments were inferred by color change from pale gray to
near black in New Zealand streams (Broekhuizen et al. 2001) and in the middle Snake in 1992-
94 (Falter and Burris 1996). Similar black sediments were sampled downstream of aquaculture
discharges to the middle Snake River in 2001, indicating anoxic sediments. Sediment redox
potentials downstream of aquaculture discharges dropped below -200 millivolts (mV) during the
early summer (June and July) of 2001 sampling. This result is also a strong indicator of low
sediment dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Although better aquaculture practices have been put in place, such as settling ponds and
screens (EPA 2002) reducing overall nutrient loading, the nutrient sink already established in the
sediments downstream of aquaculture facilities continues to supply the nutrients needed for
dense mats of vegetation to grow each spring. Again, these high nutrient concentrations were
evident in sediments sampled downstream of aquaculture discharges to the middle Snake River
in 2001, averaging 1473.93 ug-g"1 P and 0.10 %N. Even if aquaculture operations could
eliminate additional organic nutrient inputs, it is likely that the steady supply of nutrients
provided by the sediments would be enough to support several more years of nuisance level
aquatic growth. This cycling of nutrients downstream of aquaculture facilities would continue
until high water year's scoured sediments out of the reach.
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Chambers and Prepas (1994) indicate the difficulty in distinguishing nutrient enrichment
sources to the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan between effluent loading and nutrient
enrichment from indirect effects caused by enhanced growth of AM. Regardless of which has
the greatest effect, the combination of AM growth and effluent loading can create nutrient-
enriched sediments at a rate superseding that of AM growth or effluent loading alone. The
Saskatchewan River AM study, and the 1992-94 middle Snake River studies (Falter and Carlson
1994; Falter et al. 1995; Falter and Burris 1996) concluded that riverbed nutrient concentrations
were higher in vegetated areas receiving loading from anthropogenic sources than non-vegetated
areas receiving loading from anthropogenic sources. These findings agreed with those found in
the middle Snake River in 2001, where sediment nutrient concentrations were higher
downstream of aquaculture discharges (vegetated area) than downstream of agriculture
discharges (minimally vegetated area). The capacity of AM to continuously trap suspended
solids and nutrients from anthropogenic sources may lead to this result.
Very high densities of vascular aquatic macrophytes downstream of aquaculture facilities
provide the surface area necessary for epiphytic algae to attach and grow. Excellent correlations
have been reported between algal growths and phosphate concentrations in waters (Fox et al.
1989). Through much of June, July, and August 2001 algae covered the entire surface of the
water within 10-20 meters from the shoreline and several hundred meters downstream of the
three-aquaculture facilities. Because epiphytes gain much of their nutrients from the water
column, it has been suggested that senescing algae cells may provide a route for the transfer of
nutrients absorbed from the water (by algae) to the sediments (Barko et al. 1991). Decomposing
filamentous algal growths then contribute to sediment nutrient concentrations. Therefore, the
high epiphyte levels found in the middle Snake River provide yet another mechanism for the
accumulation of nutrients in sediments downstream of aquaculture facilities.
Organic matter content (percent by weight) of sediment was measured in August-October,
2000. A difference between sediment organic matter downstream of agriculture and aquaculture
industries was apparent. Maximum sediment organic matter (5.0 %) was sampled downstream
of the Crystal Springs study site in October. Minimum sediment organic matter (0.23 %) was
sampled downstream of the ADS study site in September. Sediment organic matter downstream
of aquaculture discharges averaged 1.30, 2.20, and 1.85 % for CS, RV, and BC, respectively.
Sediment organic matter downstream of agriculture discharges averaged 0.75, 0.88, and 1.12 %
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for ADS, AD2, and ADI, respectively. Average organic content of sediments downstream of
aquaculture discharges (1.78 %) was nearly twice that of average sediment organic content
downstream of agriculture discharges (0.91 %). This distinct difference in organic matter
composition is likely caused by the increase in aquatic vegetation cycling downstream of
aquaculture facilities coupled with the slow, steady organic loading from aquaculture discharge.
Sediment nutrient levels (N and P) were typically greater downstream of aquaculture
discharges (0.10 %N, 1473.93 ug-g"1 P) than upstream of aquaculture discharges (0.06 %N,
734.87 ug-g"1 P) throughout 2001 sampling (Table 2). However, the Box Canyon study site
showed greater sediment nitrogen upstream in June, 2001. Loading of silt and clay-sized
particles and associated nitrogen from upstream sources apparently settled out in the Box
Canyon control zone during June, raising nitrogen content in the sediments. These silt and clay-
sized particles and associated nutrients did not readily settle in the Box Canyon deposition zone
only a few hundred meters downstream, the colder spring waters discharged by the aquaculture
facility apparently diluting mainstem middle Snake River water and the suspended sediment and
nutrient load from upstream sources.
Selected Trace Elements
Between-Industry Comparison
Of the 17 selected trace elements (other than N and P) measured in the middle Snake River
in 2001,14 (Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, S, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ba, Ni, Co, and Be) were found in
significantly higher concentrations downstream of aquaculture discharges than agriculture
discharges for at least one sampling month (i.e., sampling event; see Figures 13-52). Of the
remaining three selected trace elements (Mo, Na, and Mn), only Mo was found in significantly
higher concentrations downstream of agriculture discharges than aquaculture discharges for at
least one sampling month.
Within-Industry Comparison
When comparing trace element concentrations upstream of aquaculture discharges with
concentrations downstream of aquaculture discharges, and when comparing the trace element
concentrations upstream of agriculture discharges with concentrations downstream of agriculture
areas, we noticed that trends in one element typically matched trends in the other elements
(Tables 3-7). For example, when Ca concentrations were significantly greater downstream of the
Crystal Springs discharge than upstream in June (Table 3), 14 of the remaining 17 selected trace
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element concentrations (C, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Cu, Fe, S, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ba, Ni, and Be) were also
significantly greater downstream of the Crystal Springs discharge than upstream of the
discharge.
In general, greater concentrations of the selected trace elements were found upstream of the
ADS and BC discharges than downstream of their respective discharges. For example, June Pb .
concentrations upstream of the AD3 and BC discharges averaged 27.8 and 31.0 ug-g"1,
respectively, compared to 16.4 and 20.3 ug-g"1 Pb downstream of their respective discharges
.(Table 3). Alternatively, greater concentrations of the selected trace elements were found
downstream of the ADI and CS discharges than upstream of their respective discharges. For
example, July Fe concentrations downstream of the ADI and CS discharges averaged 12,000 and
9,786 ug-g"1, respectively, compared to 9,500 and 7,950 ug-g"1 Fe upstream of their respective
discharges (Table 4). Results were mixed at AD2 and RV, meaning that selected trace element
concentrations were greater upstream of the discharge in some months and greater downstream
of the discharge in other months.
Of further interest were the extremely high levels of Mg, Na, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ba, Ni,
Co, and Mo that were sampled upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and September, 2001
(Tables 4 and 6, respectively). The concentrations of these selected trace elements were
typically over two times greater than the concentrations of their respective trace elements in any
other site or month. It is unknown why the sediments upstream of AD3 contained such high
amounts of these trace elements. However, these high trace element levels were not associated
with significantly different BMI or AM communities. Phosphorus levels were also high
upstream of the AD3 discharge for July and September compared to the zones upstream of the
other agriculture sites. However, the phosphorus levels upstream of the AD3 discharge did not
exceed levels found in the deposition zones of the three-aquaculture sites.
Sediment Guidelines Comparison
Screening concentrations for Background Level (BL), Threshold Effects Level (TEL), and
Probable Effects Level (PEL) have been determined for a few of the 18 selected trace elements
measured in the middle Snake River (Table 22). BLs for trace elements are the lowest screening
concentrations in freshwater sediment. Sediments with trace element concentrations found
below BLs would be considered healthy, natural sediment communities. The TEL represents the
concentration below which adverse effects of the trace element on the benthic community are
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expected to occur only rarely. The PEL represents the level above which adverse effects of the
trace element on the benthic community are frequently expected. TELs and PELs are based on
benthic community metrics and toxicity testing. The BLs, TELs, and PELs used for comparison
were derived from the Screening Quick Reference Tables (SQuiRTs) provided by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coastal Protection and Restoration Division
(Buchman 1999). Further comparisons were made with the 1994 Florida Sediment Quality
Assessment Guidelines (FDEP) covering 6 of the 18 selected trace elements measured in the
2001 middle Snake River study.
Major sources of zinc (Zn) to aquatic systems include municipal wastewater effluents, zinc
mining, smelting, refining activities, wood combustion, waste incineration, iron and steel
production, and other atmospheric emissions (FDEP 1994). In fine-grained sediments, like those
found in the middle Snake River, Zn readily adsorbs to organic matter and generally forms
insoluble sulfides under reducing conditions. BL of Zn occurs in the range of 7-38 jug-g"1, with a
TEL and PEL of 123.1 and 315 ug-g"1, respectively (Buchman 1999). Zn concentrations in the
middle Snake River averaged 29-76 ng-g"1 in 2001 samples. The upper BL Zn concentration (38
|ag-g") was exceeded both upstream and downstream of all six middle Snake River study sites in
at least one 2001 sampling month.
The natural BL of manganese (Mn) in freshwater sediment is approximately 400 ^g-g'1
(Buchman 1999). The lowest TEL for Mn based on Hyalella azteca bioassays is 630 jag-g"1.
This is the concentration where the amphipod, H. azteca, begins to show adverse affects from
Mn. Mn concentrations in the middle Snake River averaged 113-485 ng-g"1 in 2001 samples.
Most concentrations in the middle Snake River are well below BL for freshwater sediment. The
Mn concentrations that exceeded BL were sampled upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and
September.
Copper (Cu) in aquatic systems occurs naturally from the weathering or solution of copper
minerals and copper sulfides (FDEP 1994). Unnatural levels of Cu result from anthropogenic
sources including brass and Cu pipe waste, Cu compounds used as algaecides, sewage treatment
plant effluents, agriculture and aquaculture uses of Cu as pesticides and fungicides, and from
atmospheric fallout. Copper can occur in aquatic environments in association with organic
matter, the typical attachment form in sediments. Aquatic macrophytes readily accumulate Cu,
an essential micronutrient in plants. The BL of Cu occurs in the range of 10-25 j^g-g"1, with a
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TEL and PEL of 35.7 and 197 ng-g"1, respectively (Buchman 1999). Cu concentrations in the
middle Snake River averaged 7.5-33.0 jug-g"1 in 2001 samples. Average concentrations greater
than the upper BL concentration (25 ng-g"1) occurred upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and
September and downstream of the BC discharge in September.
In aquatic sediment, lead (Pb) is primarily found in association with iron and manganese
hydroxides (FDEP 1994). Pb can also adsorb to clays and organic matter and can be released
into the water column under reducing conditions from lead sulfide. While aquatic organisms
tend to have a wide range of sensitivities to Pb, gastropods tend to be particularly vulnerable to
high Pb concentrations. BL of Pb occurs in the range of 4-17 jig-g"1, with a TEL and PEL of 35
and 91.3 jig-g"1, respectively (Buchman 1999). Pb concentrations in the middle Snake River
averaged 14.5-50.75 ng-g"1 in 2001 samples. Average Pb concentrations greater than BL (4-17
jag-g"1) were sampled upstream and downstream of all six study site discharges at some point
during June-October, 2001. Average Pb concentrations greater than TEL (35 i^g-g"1) were
sampled upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and September, downstream of the CS discharge
in September, and upstream of the RV discharge in October.
Chromium (Cr) is a trace element widely used in industrial processes (FDEP 1994).
Chromium compounds are used in the production of paints, dyes, explosives, ceramics, and
paper and are emitted to the environment from the metal plating industry, coal and oil burning,
cement manufacturing, and the production of chromium steels. Cr adsorbs to organic material in
aquatic systems and is generally more toxic to vegetation than fish. Cr will also bioaccumulate
in the tissues of aquatic plants, especially algae. BL of Cr occurs in the range of 7-13 jug-g"1,
with a TEL and PEL of 37.3 and 90 jag-g"1, respectively (Buchman 1999). Cr concentrations in
the middle Snake River averaged 12.5-67.75 ng-g"1 in 2001 samples. Almost all samples at
every site and month contained Cr concentrations greater than the BL (7-13 ng-g"1). Average Cr
concentrations exceeded the TEL (37.3 ng-g"1) upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and
September and downstream of the BC discharge in August and September.
Anthropogenic cadmium (Cd) sources include mining, metals smelting, the manufacturing
of alloys, paints, batteries, and plastics, agriculture uses of sludge, fertilizers, and pesticides, and
the burning of fossil fuels (FDEP 1994). Cd is found adsorbed to organic matter in sediments
and can significantly accumulate in biological tissues. This trace element is known to reduce
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growth and inhibit the reproduction of various aquatic organisms. BL of Cd occurs in the range
of 0.1-0.3 jag-g"1, with a TEL and PEL of 0.6 and 3.5 jig-g"1, respectively (Buchman 1999). Cd
concentrations in the middle Snake River averaged 0.44-3.55 ng-g"1 in 2001 samples. All
samples at every site and month contained Cd concentrations greater than the BL (0.1-0.3 u.g-g~
'). Average Cd concentrations exceeded the TEL (0.6 u.g-g"') at all sites at some time during the
June-October study. Average Cd concentrations exceeded the PEL (3.5 jig-g"1) upstream of the
AD3 discharge in July.
Anthropogenic sources of nickel (Ni) include fossil fuel combustion, nickel ore mining,
smelting, electroplating, and nuclear power plants (FDEP 1994). Ni adsorbs to organic matter
and tends to combine with iron and manganese in sediments. In anaerobic conditions, Ni can
form insoluble complexes with sulfides and become toxic to organisms in the presence of
copper. Screening concentrations for Ni are 9.9,18, and 35.9 fig-g"1 for BL, TEL, and PEL,
respectively (Buchman 1999). Ni concentrations in the middle Snake River averaged 8.95-43.75
|j,g-g"' in 2001 samples. Background Ni concentrations (9.9 ng-g"1) were exceeded in nearly all
middle Snake River sediment samples in 2001. Average Ni concentrations exceeded the TEL
(18 u.g-g~') upstream of the BC discharge in June and exceeded the PEL (35.9 ng-g"1) upstream
of the AD3 discharge in July and September.
Background cobalt (Co) levels occur in freshwater sediments at about 10 u.g-g~' (Buchman
1999). Co concentrations in the middle Snake River sediments averaged 6.3-26.0 f^g-g"1.
Although the Co TEL and PEL were not given, the average Co concentration in middle Snake
River sediments exceeded the BL upstream and downstream of the BC and RV discharges,
downstream of the ADI and AD2 discharges, and upstream of the AD3 discharge. Maximum
Co concentrations occurred upstream of the AD3 discharge and were 200 % of Co BL (10 jig-g"
') in July and September.
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Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) are the most commonly sampled group used to assess
the health of aquatic systems (Timm et al. 2001). BMI communities are used as biological
indicators because they are relatively sessile in nature (thereby integrating biological responses
to the ambient over time), ubiquitous, diverse with individual taxon responses to the
environment, and found in a wide range of aquatic habitat types (Linke et al. 1999). Studies by
Voelz et al. (2000) indicate that BMI assemblages have low resistance to disturbance, but high
resilience. This means that slight changes in water quality can alter BMI communities, but not
enough to extirpate all BMI groups. In addition, BMI sampling is a quick and economical way
to detect changes in water quality and aquatic ecosystem health (Rueda et al. 2002). However,
BMI communities can also undergo large spatial and temporal variations in structure, thus
stressing the importance of a spatially and temporally representative sampling strategy (Linke et
al. 1999).
Biological indices, such as BMI density, biomass, and richness are among the most
commonly used methods for biological monitoring of rivers (Sandin and Johnson 2000). Studies
by Sandin and Johnson (2000) indicate that BMI taxa richness is one of the most useful indices
in monitoring aquatic habitats, while total density appears least useful. Because of their density
and sensitivity, Chironomidae density has also been used as an indicator of water quality (Rabeni
and Wang 2001).
In general, the majority of BMI sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001 were
determined to be pollution-tolerant taxa (Merrit and Cummins .1996, EPA 2002). The most
abundant taxa sampled in 2001 were P. antipodarum, Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and
Amphipoda (Hyalella azteca). Evidence from field surveys (EPA 2002) indicates that middle
Snake River conditions do not meet standards set for cold-water biota. For instance, 1994
temperature monitoring of the middle Snake River at RK 949.5 (near Crystal Springs) resulted in
35 consecutive days with mean daily water temperatures exceeding 20°C. Furthermore, the
middle Snake River does not meet the State of Idaho water quality criteria for excess nutrients
(EPA 2002):
"Surface waters of the state shall be free from excess nutrients that can cause visible
slime growths or other nuisance aquatic growths impairing designated beneficial uses."
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The reduced density of native snail populations indicates further evidence of changing river
conditions. The 1992 threatened or endangered listing of native middle Snake River snails
suggested that present temperature, dissolved oxygen, and flow conditions were often not
suitable for native benthic communities (USFWS FR 59244). Valvata utahensis (Utah Valvata)
was the only listed species encountered throughout the 2001 benthic macroinvertebrate sampling
effort. Averaging 2.67 snails-dredge"1 (118.5 snails-m"2), V. utahensis inhabited very fine, black,
organically enriched sediments with very heavy macrophyte and associated filamentous algae
communities.
Only a few insect taxa other than Chironomidae were sampled from the middle Snake
River in 2001. Insects intolerant of eutrophic conditions were very rare in 2001 samples. No
insects from the Plecoptera (stonefly) order were sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001.
Additionally, insects from only one Ephemeropteran (mayfly) family and one Trichopteran
(caddis fly) family were sampled in 2001, Ephemeridae and Polycentropodidae, respectively.
Similar results were evident from middle Snake River samples collected by Idaho State
University (ISU) in 1992-94 (EPA 2002), where no Plecopterans were found in the middle Snake
River.
Total BMI density in the middle Snake River averaged 844-231,222 individuals-m"2
throughout June-October, 2001. This range is comparable to the mean density of BMI sampled
in the middle Snake River from 1992-1994 by Idaho State University (EPA 2002). These studies
found densities often exceeding 75,000 and occasionally exceeding 200,000 individuals-m"2.
Although BMI densities in the middle Snake River are high, taxa richness remains relatively low.
Taxa richness in 2001 middle Snake River samples averaged 1.25-10.25 distinct BMI taxa over
all study sites and months. Thirty-one distinct taxa were sampled from the middle Snake River
in 2001. These overall richness values for the middle Snake River are low compared to the total
taxa richness of other large rivers. For example, 55 and 48 total taxa were recently sampled from
the Fraser and Thompson Rivers in British Columbia, respectively (Reece and Richardson 2000).
Furthermore, 54 total taxa have been collected from the Willamette River, a degraded large river
in western Oregon (Altman et al. 1997).
Between-Industry Comparison
BMI density, biomass, and richness were generally greater downstream of aquaculture
discharges than downstream of agriculture discharges. This could be due to the productive
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growth of aquatic vegetation downstream of aquaculture discharges. A study of BMI density in
relation to aquatic vegetation (van den Berg et al. 1997) concluded that plant biomass is more
important in determining the characteristics of the BMI community than the dominant
macrophyte species. A similar study comparing BMI density, relative density, and diversity
upstream and downstream of pulp mill effluents on the Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada in the
late 1990's observed that density was higher downstream of the mill discharges (Gulp et al.
2000). These results suggest that nutrients from the mills' enhanced primary productivity
downstream, thus enriching BMI populations.
It is likely that the high sand content below agriculture discharges reduced BMI density,
biomass, and richness downstream of agriculture discharges. For instance, 2001 average sand
content downstream of agriculture discharges (77.87 %) was greater than downstream of
aquaculture discharges (71.85 %). This difference was only statistically significant in
September, 2001. The increase in substrate sand content could impact BMI communities by
smothering interstitial habitat that is important BMI refuge from flow and predators. The
increase in suspended sediment downstream of agriculture discharges, as indicated by secchi
depths as low as 0.5 meters in June, may also create abrasive substrate conditions that are not
suitable to many BMI taxa.
Potamopyrgus antipodarum densities were greater downstream of aquaculture discharges
than downstream of agriculture discharges. Observations during the 2001 middle Snake study
indicate that the majority of P. antipodarum sampled downstream of aquaculture discharges
were attached to aquatic vegetation. For many snails in general, food availability is a very
important determinate of snail distribution patterns (Aldridge 1983). Because these exotic snails
seem to prefer algae and diatoms (Lysne 2002), it is very likely that P. antipodarum are found
downstream of aquaculture discharges because they are utilizing the rich periphytic food source
associated with AM. The tolerance of P. antipodarum to high organic sediments has allowed
them to inhabit sediments downstream of aquaculture operations, where organic matter content
reached levels as high as 5.0 % in 2000 middle Snake River sediments.
Chironomidae larvae were generally found in greater densities downstream of agriculture
discharges than aquaculture discharges. Because of the relatively low number of other BMI taxa
found downstream of agriculture discharges, Chironomidae were able to utilize what little
production was available on the low organic matter substrates. Chironomidae are known to
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tolerate and even prefer sand substrates. Relyea et al. (2000) indicate that Chironomidae
"significantly increase in abundance, and therefore density, immediately after an anthropogenic
disturbance that may have the potential to increase inputs of fine sediment". Therefore, the
increased sand content downstream of agriculture discharges relative to aquaculture discharges
(77.87 % at agriculture sites, 71.85 % at aquaculture sites) provided more suitable habitat for
chironomid larvae.
The average number of distinct BMI taxa sampled (richness) from the middle Snake River
in 2001 was greater downstream of aquaculture discharges (6.0) than downstream of agriculture
discharges (4.0) (Table 9). In rivers with cumulative water quality limitations and reduced taxa
richness, like the middle Snake, the presence of cooler water temperatures and macrophyte
growth, like that downstream of aquaculture discharges, can provide the additional niches
necessary for a more diverse assemblage of taxonomic groups. For example, amphipod
crustaceans were more frequently sampled downstream of aquaculture discharges (54% of
samples) than downstream of agriculture discharges (34%). Amphipods utilize macrophyte
growth downstream of aquaculture discharges for food resources and refuge.
Within-Industry Comparison
General differences in BMI density, BMI biomass, P. antipodarum density, and
Chironomidae density between the control and deposition zones of the three agriculture study
sites were not consistent over the five sampling months. Drawing any conclusions from BMI
metrics measured in agriculture control and deposition zones would be very difficult because
consistent trends are lacking. Overall, we would contend that BMI communities near agriculture
discharges are very sporadic, and may be associated with the patchy AM communities.
BMI density, BMI biomass, and Potamopyrgus antipodarum density were greater
downstream of the CS and RV discharges than upstream of their respective discharges.
Alternately, BMI density and biomass and P. antipodarum density were greater upstream of the
BC discharge than downstream of the BC discharge. It is important to point out that the BC
control zone (upstream of discharge) is generally enriched from upstream loading more so than
any other site because it is located the furthest downstream. Increased BMI and Potomopyrgus
density followed comparable site-to-site patterns, as did elevated trace elements. Generally,
where greater trace element concentrations were found, greater BMI density, BMI biomass, and
P. antipodarum density were also found. However, the simple presence of P. antipodarum could
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be the driving force behind these results. Because P. antipodarum were proportionately one of
the most abundant taxa found in the river, and because they had a high biomass per individual,
the presence or absence of P. antipodarum explains much of the high biomass variability.
Specifically, when P. antipodarum were found in a sample, they were usually found in great
numbers, resulting in a high snail biomass for these samples that would overshadow the biomass
contributed by other taxa in the sample.
An inverse relationship exists between the BMI density found in an aquaculture sample and
the BMI taxa richness from that same sample. For example, when BMI density was greater in
the CS deposition zone than the control zone, BMI taxa richness was usually greater in the CS
control zone than the deposition zone. These results are also likely driven by the presence of the
exotic P. antipodarum. As noted above, areas where the exotic snails were sampled ultimately
had fewer other taxa present. This could have been the direct result of competition for the food
resources or space between P. antipodarum and other benthic taxa. Similar studies on the
Athabasca River in the late 1990's found that pulp mill effluents increased BMI biomass and
density, while showing no measurable change in taxa richness (Culp et al. 2000).
Chironomidae density trends'differed from BMI density, BMI biomass, and P. antipodarum
density trends at aquaculture sites. Chironomidae density was generally greater downstream of
the BC discharge than upstream of the BC discharge. However, Chironomidae density was
greater upstream of the RV discharge than downstream of the RV discharge.
Aquatic Macrophytes
Aquatic macrophytes are a good indicator of the quality of running waters (Grasmuck et al.
1995), as AM biomass and species composition are influenced by the quality of the water and
sediment from which they obtain their nutrients. Generally, it is the phosphorus content of the
sediments and the water column that most strongly influences the productivity of AM and their
associated epiphytic algae. Rooted AM obtain much of their phosphorus from the sediments
(Barko et al. 1991, Falter and Carlson 1994) but many species also take up nutrients through
their leaves from the water column if sediment nutrients are in short supply (Madsen and
Cedergreen 2002). Epiphytic algae and non-rooted AM must utilize phosphorus only from the
water column.
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Chambers and Prepas (1994) noted that broad, shallow rivers of the Canadian prairies that
are nutrient-enriched by sewage effluent can achieve AM biomasses > 1,000 g-m"2. However,
they also indicate that AM densities in the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan, Canada were
considered high at 200 g-m"2 in a 1989 study. This 200 g-m"2 density was also determined to be a
reasonable lower bound for nuisance growth of AM in the middle Snake River in the 1990's
(EPA 2002). Average macrophyte biomass in the middle Snake River in the 1990's measured
>3,000 g-m"2 in the Crystal Springs Reach (RK 965.4) and averaged >200 g-m"2 in all sampled
sites <2.0 meters in depth (Falter and Carlson 1994; Falter et al. 1995; Falter and Burris 1996).
Densities found during the 2001 middle Snake River sampling effort were >200 g-m"2 in the RV
deposition zone in June, the RV and BC deposition zones in July, the CS deposition zone in
August, the RV deposition zone in September, and the AD2 deposition zone in October.
Maximum AM biomass was sampled approximately 100 meters downstream of the RV
discharge, totaling 677.71 g-m"2.
Average sediment TP levels were higher in the middle Snake River in 2001 (490-1800
Hg-g"1) compared to the Saskatchewan River (215-770 ug-g"1) (Chambers and Prepas 1994). The
fact that the 1989 Canada study had higher AM levels (>1000 g-m"2) and lower sediment TP than
the middle Snake River in 2001 is notable but was also apparent in studies of freshwaters
receiving organic pollution in India (Gopal and Chamanlal 1991). Falter and Burris (1996)
conclude that it is more likely that factors associated with high TP (i.e. high sediment organic
content, low sediment oxygen, low redox potential, high sediment ammonia, and organic acids)
together limit AM growth. Other studies have shown that nutrient enrichment (N and P) in
receiving waters stimulate an increase in phytoplankton, thereby limiting light penetration to
macrophytes and decreasing macrophyte growth (Eminson and Phillips 1978).
The species composition of AM communities in a waterbody can often influence trophic
status (Grasmuck et al. 1995). Total AM biomass in the middle Snake River in 2001 was
dominated by Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Elodea canadensis. Nichols
and Shaw (1986) describe two of these species, E. canadensis and P. crispus, as "serious aquatic
nuisances in many regions of the world". The ability of these macrophytes to reproduce
vegetatively and to grow in reduced light conditions have allowed them to proliferate in
conditions unsuitable for many other macrophyte species. Other studies have concluded that P.
crispus can tolerate "strong organic pollution" (Grasmuck et al. 1995) and "eutrophication"
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(Tremp and Kohler 1995). However, Gopal and Chamanlal (1991) indicated that maximum P.
crispus growth is "obtained in waters relatively free from pollution".
While P. crispus and C. demersum have been dominant components of the middle Snake
River for some time (Falter and Carlson 1994, Falter et al. 1995, Falter and Burris 1996), it is
apparent that a shift in AM dominance has occurred from Potamogeton pectinatus to E.
Canadensis over the last decade. P. pectinatus was found to be a dominant AM species in the
1990 studies but was sparsely found in 2001 samples. P. pectinatus are highly competitive and
are a strong indicator of eutrophic conditions in flowing waters (Grasmuck et al. 1995, IDEQ
1995). The species thrives in high water velocities better than other AM species because of their
long, leathery leaves and extensive root systems (EPA 2002). As a result, P. pectinatus typically
grows quickly in the spring when water velocities are greatest, to form stable beds of vegetation.
Once these macrophyte beds are firmly in place, they can slow water velocities and accumulate
sediments, providing conditions more suitable for non-rooted vascular macrophytes, like C.
demersum and E. canadensis. These non-rooted forms typically float higher in this newly
quiescent water column, taking advantage of better light conditions, eventually shading out
rooted AM like P. pectinatus. The dominance of E. canadensis growths rather than P. pectinatus
in 2001 samples could also be due to the lack of spring sampling (March-May) during that year.
Between-Industry Comparison
Aquatic macrophyte (AM) biomass was generally greater downstream of aquaculture
discharges than downstream of agriculture discharges. The deep, organically enriched fine
sediment downstream of nutrient loading discharges to the middle Snake River favors aquatic
plant growth (EPA 2002). Chambers and Prepas (1994) acknowledge that AM growth was
greatest in the Saskatchewan River, Canada where sediment "concentrations of both
exchangeable and total phosporus and nitrogen were greatest". In the middle Snake River, the
aquatic plant growth likely responds to the decrease in TSS downstream of aquaculture
discharges (hatchery outflows diluting TSS of the river), allowing increased light levels to reach
the substrate. Deeper photic zones would also allow AM colonization to develop in greater
water depths at the aquaculture study sites. Studies on Florida streams in the mid-1980's
(Canfield and Hoyer 1988) concluded that light availability was the primary factor limiting
growth of AM. While its uncertain whether light is the limiting factor of AM growth in the
middle Snake River, the combination of increased light transparencies and sediment nutrients in
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the middle Snake River provide conditions favoring plant growth downstream of aquaculture
discharges.
Falter and Carlson (1994) and the Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (1995)
concluded that the majority of plant biomass in the middle Snake River was found in waters less
than 2.0 meters in depth. The majority of AM samples collected in the deposition zones of the
six study sites were collected in waters less than 2.0 meters deep (Figure 65). Similar AM
sampling depths at agriculture and aquaculture study sites in 2001 justified comparison between
AM metrics from the two industries (i.e., if deeper sampling occurred at agriculture sites than
aquaculture sites, we could not have legitimately compared plant growth from the two
industries).
Within-Industry Comparison
At the three agriculture study sites, a trend in AM biomass between areas upstream and
areas downstream of the discharges was not evident. AM biomass levels in the upstream and
downstream areas at agriculture study sites were limited by reduced light penetration and
increased sediment sand content, a direct result of high TSS levels in those river reaches.
Madsen et al. (2001) conclude that reduced turbidity increases AM growth. The greater
AM production found in aquaculture deposition zones than aquaculture control zones occurs
with the decrease in TSS downstream of the discharges and higher sediment nutrient
concentrations. These high growths of aquatic vegetation downstream of aquaculture discharges
senesce each year and cycle nutrients back to the sediments through decomposition (Jacoby et al.
1982). This decomposition, combined with nutrient enrichment from the aquaculture discharges
themselves (EPA 2002), provides sufficient nutrient concentrations for sustained aquatic
vegetation production.
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SUMMARY
Sediment Characterization
Particle Size
1. No obvious trends were apparent between sediment depth and distance from the
discharge over the three agriculture study sites. We found pockets of very deep sediment
(> 1.83 m) as well as pockets of shallow sediment throughout the entire sampling
distance downstream of the three agriculture discharges.
2. At aquaculture study sites, fine sediment depth increased to > 1.83 meters as distance
downstream from the discharge increased, to the maximum sampled downstream distance
of 150 meters.
3. Sand was the dominant particle sampled throughout the middle Snake River study reach
in 2001, averaging 43-95 % of total dredged sediments over all sites, control and
deposition.
4. Sand content was greater in agriculture deposition zones than aquaculture deposition
zones in June, July, August, and September, 2001. Statistically significant differences (p
< 0.05) between the sand content of agriculture deposition zones and aquaculture
deposition zones only occurred in September.
5. Differences in sand content between the control and deposition zone of Agriculture Drain
3 (AD3) were not apparent. Sand content was significantly greater in the deposition zone
of Agriculture Drain 2 (AD2) than in the control zone in all months but October. At
Agriculture Drain 1 (ADI), sand content was significantly greater in the control zone
than the deposition zone in all 5 sampling months.
6. CS and Rim View (RV) aquaculture sites each had significantly greater sand content in
control zones than deposition zones for 4 of 5 sampling months but Box Canyon (BC)
aquaculture site had significantly greater sand content in deposition zones for 4 of 5
months.
7. Silt content, averaged 4-48% of total dredged sediment in 2001 and was greater in
agriculture deposition zones than aquaculture deposition zones in June, July, August, and
September. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the silt content of
agriculture deposition zones and aquaculture deposition zones only occurred in June and
September.
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8. AD3 showed no significant trends in silt content between control and deposition zones.
AD2 had significantly greater silt content in control zones than deposition zones for 4 of
5 months whereas ADI had significantly greater silt content in deposition zones than in
control zones for all months.
9. While CS and RV each had significantly greater silt content in deposition zones than
control zones for 4 of 5 sampling months, BC had significantly greater silt content in
control zones for 4 of 5 months.
10. Clays were the least dominant sediment type sampled in the middle Snake River in 2001,
averaging 0.5-5.0 % of the total dredged sediment by volume. Clay content was
significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in
both July and October.
11. At ADS and ADI, no significant trends were seen in clay content between deposition
and control zone sediments. Clay content in the AD2 control zone was significantly
greater than clay content in the AD2 deposition zone for four of five months.
12. CS and RV had significantly greater clay content in deposition zones than control zones
in 2 of 5 months, whereas BC had significantly greater clay content in the control zone
than the deposition zone in 4 of 5 months.
13. At the Crystal Springs (CS) aquaculture site (the one site overlapping 1992-94 and 2000-
01 studies), a substantial decrease in clay content occurred from 1992-94 (37-46 %)
(Falter and Burris 1996) and 2001 (0.5-2.0 %). High flows of 1997 likely flushed out the
fine clay content in surficial sediments, leaving behind a higher proportion of sand.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon
1. Overall, 2001 sediment nutrient levels (P and N) were greater downstream of aquaculture
discharges than below agriculture discharges in the middle Snake River. Nitrogen
content was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones than below agriculture
deposition zones in both July and August. Phosphorus content was significantly greater
in aquaculture deposition zones than in agriculture deposition zones in June, September,
and October.
2. Sediment P averaged 758.7 ug-g"1 upstream of agriculture discharges and 688.1 ug-g"1
downstream of agriculture discharges. Sediment P averaged 734.9 ug-g'1 upstream of
aquaculture discharges and 1473.9 ug-g"1 downstream of aquaculture discharges.
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Sediment P was significantly greater in deposition zone sediments than control zone
sediments throughout the 5 sampling months for all three aquaculture study sites.
3. Sediment P concentrations sampled downstream of agriculture discharges in 2001
averaged 688.07 ng-g"1 (Table 2), a concentration more than two times the 1992
maximum sediment P concentration (311.8 ng-g"1) (Falter and Carlson 1994).
4. Sediment N averaged 0.04 % upstream of agriculture discharges and 0.03 % downstream
of agriculture discharges. Sediment N averaged 0.06 % upstream of aquaculture
discharges and 0.10 % downstream of aquaculture discharges.
5. Sediment sampled from the six study sites in the middle Snake River averaged 0.7-3.1
%C throughout the five sampling months in 2001. Sediment C was significantly greater
in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (1.2 % at
agriculture sites and 2.3 % at aquaculture sites). Sediment sampled from the ADI
deposition zone had significantly greater carbon content than the ADI control zone for all
five months sampled.
6. Sampling only within the first 200 m downstream of discharges likely missed sampling
much of the clay and silt particles and associated nutrients because they were likely
deposited further downstream in more quiescent river reaches.
7. Nutrient content at agriculture study sites coincided with increased silt and clay content
of the sediment, resulting in highest nutrient concentrations being sampled wherever river
morphology allowed the deposition of fines.
8. Even without further organic input by aquaculture facilities, nutrients created by
macrophyte beds will likely continue to support nuisance growths of macrophytes and
epiphytic algae until flows are high enough to flush the fine organic sediments
downstream.
Other Trace Elements
1. Of the 17 selected trace elements (other than N and P) measured in the middle Snake
River sediment in 2001, 14 (Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, S, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ba, Ni, Co, and Be)
were found in significantly higher concentrations downstream of aquaculture discharges
than below agriculture discharges for at least one sampling month; 3 were not (Mo, Na,
and Mn).
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2. The Background Level Zn concentration (38 jag-g"1) was exceeded both upstream and
downstream of all six middle Snake River study sites for at least one 2001 sampling
month.
3. Mn concentrations that exceeded Background Levels (400 ng-g"1) were sampled upstream
of the AD3 discharge in July and September.
4. Mean Cu concentrations greater than the upper Background Levels (25 jig-g"1) occurred
upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and September and downstream of the BC
discharge in September.
5. Mean Pb concentrations greater than Background Levels (4-17 ng-g"1) were sampled
upstream and downstream of all six study site discharges at some point during June-
October, 2001. Mean Pb concentrations greater than the Threshold Effects Level (35
Hg-g"1) were sampled upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and September, downstream
of the CS discharge in September, and upstream of the RV discharge in October.
6. Almost all samples at every site and month contained Cr concentrations greater than the
Background Levels (7-13 (ig-g"1). Mean Cr concentrations exceeded the Threshold
Effects Level (37.3 ug-g"1) upstream of the AD3 discharge in July and September and
downstream of the BC discharge in August and September.
7. All samples at every site and month contained Cd concentrations greater than
Background Levels (0.1-0.3 ng-g"1). Mean Cd concentrations exceeded the Threshold
Effects Level (0.6 j^g-g"1) at all sites at some time during the June-October study. Mean
Cd concentrations exceeded the Probable Effects Level (3.5 jig-g"1) upstream of the AD3
discharge in July.
8. Background Level Ni concentrations (9.9 ug-g"1) were exceeded in nearly all middle
Snake River sediment samples in 2001. Mean Ni concentrations exceeded the Threshold
Effects Level (18 jag-g"1) upstream of the BC discharge in June and exceeded the
Probable Effects Level (35.9 jLig-g"1) upstream of the ADS discharge in July and
September.
9. Maximum Co concentrations occurred upstream of the AD3 discharge and exceeded Co
Background Levels (10 ug-g"1) by 2X in July and September.
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Benthic Macroinvertebrates
1. The majority of BMI sampled from the middle Snake River in 2001 were soft-substrate,
pollution-tolerant taxa (e.g. P. antipodarum, Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, and Hyalella
azteca).
2. Mean BMI density was highest in the deposition zones of pooled aquaculture sites
(32,610 BMI-m"2) and lowest in the deposition zones of pooled agriculture sites (3,111
BMI-m"2). Average BMI density was approximately 9x greater downstream of
aquaculture discharges than downstream of agriculture discharges in June, August, and
October of 2001.
3. Average monthly BMI density was greatest downstream of the RV discharge in June,
where the total number of organisms exceeded 231,000 BMI-m"2, 73% of which were P.
antipodarum. Minimum monthly BMI density occurred upstream of the AD3 discharge
in September, where the total number of organisms was less than 870 individuals-m"2.
4. Valvata utahensis (Utah Valvata) was the only listed species encountered throughout the
2001 benthic macroinvertebrate sampling effort. Averaging 2.67 snails-dredge"1 (118.5
snails-m"2), V. utahensis inhabited very fine, black, organically enriched sediments with
very heavy macrophyte communities and associated filamentous algae.
5. The exotic P. antopodarum were found in 49.9 % of all grab samples (June-October,
2001), averaging 258 snails-dredge"1 (11,457 snails-m"2). Average P. antipodarum
density was significantly greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than agriculture
discharges by 4500x in June, lOOx in August, and 500x in October, 2001. Maximum P.
antipodarum density (567,556 P. antipodarum-m2) occurred in a grab sample between
100 and 200 m downstream of the Rim View aquaculture facility in June, 2001. Because
these exotic snails seem to prefer algae and diatoms (Lysne 2002), it is very likely that P.
antipodarum are found downstream of aquaculture discharges because they are utilizing
the rich periphytic food source associated with AM.
6. Chironomidae spp. were found in 274 (76.3 %) dredge samples at the six sites sampled in
2001, averaging 6.39 individuals-dredge"1 (284 individuals-m"2). Average Chironomidae
density was significantly greater downstream of agriculture discharges than downstream
of aquaculture discharges by 300% in June, 2001. Maximum Chironomidae densities,
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averaging 4,006 individuals-m"2 over eight dredge samples, occurred in the deposition
zone of the Crystal Springs study site in July.
7. Mean BMI biomass was highest in the control zones of pooled aquaculture sites (38.6
g-m"2) and lowest in the control zones of pooled agriculture sites (3.0 g-m"2). Average
BMI biomass was 14x greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than agriculture
discharges in August and 6x greater in October, 2001.
8. Mean BMI richness in the middle Snake River in 2001 was greater downstream of
aquaculture discharges (6.0) than downstream of agriculture discharges (4.0). Mean BMI
richness was at least 25% greater downstream of aquaculture discharges than downstream
of agriculture discharges for all months sampled.
9. BMI density, biomass, and community richness were generally greater downstream of
aquaculture discharges than downstream of agriculture discharges. The increase in BMI
density, biomass, and community richness downstream of aquaculture discharges could
be due to the productive growth of aquatic vegetation in these areas. Conversely, the
sporadic densities of BMI downstream of agriculture discharges may be associated with
the patchy AM community composition found at those sites.
Note: BMI were typically identified to the family level, with selected taxonomic
groups only identified to the Phylum or Class level (i.e. Phylum Nematoda, Class
Oligochaeta) due to their difficult distinction. This potential undercounting of taxa
could be a source of error in the BMI richness metric.
Aquatic Macrophytes
1. Seven vascular AM taxa were sampled from five different families throughout the 5-
month sampling period in the middle Snake River in 2001. AM biomass in the middle
Snake River in 2001 was dominated by Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum demersum,
and Elodea canadensis, all taxa considered tolerant of organic pollution and eutrophic
conditions.
2. AM Densities found during the 2001 middle Snake River sampling effort were greater
than the 200 g-m"2 nuisance level (nuisance level per EPA 2002) in the RV deposition
zone in June, the RV and BC deposition zones in July, the CS deposition zone in August,
the RV deposition zone in September, and the AD2 deposition zone in October.
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Maximum AM biomass (677.7 g-m"2) was sampled approximately 100 m downstream of
the RV discharge.
3. AM biomass averaged 5.9 g-m"2 upstream of agriculture discharges and 6.2 g-m"2
downstream of agriculture discharges. AM biomass averaged 33.5 g-m"2 upstream of
aquaculture discharges and 73.1 g-m"2 downstream of aquaculture discharges.
4. AM biomass averaged 11.1 g-m"2 upstream of the AD3 discharge and 6.2 g-m"2
downstream of the AD3 discharge. AM biomass averaged 5.6 g-m"2 upstream of the AD2
discharge and 8.0 g-m"2 downstream of the AD2 discharge. AM biomass averaged 1.8
g-m"2 upstream of the ADI discharge and 4.4 g-m"2 downstream of the ADI discharge.
5. AM biomass averaged 10.5 g-m"2 upstream of the CS discharge and 33.0 g-m"2
downstream of the CS discharge. AM biomass averaged 54.8 g-m"2 upstream of the RV
discharge and 145.0 g-m"2 downstream of the RV discharge. AM biomass averaged 35.3
g-m"2 upstream of the BC discharge and 41.2 g-m"2 downstream of the BC discharge.
6. AM biomass levels in the upstream and downstream areas at agriculture study sites were
limited by reduced light penetration, a direct result of high TSS levels.
7. The greater AM production found in aquaculture deposition zones than aquaculture
control zones occurred with the decrease in TSS and higher nutrient concentrations in the
sediments downstream of the discharges.
8. Aquatic macrophyte decomposition, combined with nutrient enrichment from the
aquaculture discharges themselves (EPA 2002), provides sufficient nutrient
concentrations for sustained aquatic vegetation production.
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CONCLUSIONS
It is difficult to generalize river processing of effluents over a large reach of divergent
conditions. This study showed that the processing and fate of materials entering the middle
Snake River from each discharge are unique depending on water quality, ecological, and
temporal characteristics of each site. For example, nutrients or organic matter entering the
middle Snake River in June are processed differently from materials entering in October. June
nutrient or organic additions to the Middle Snake River are rapidly utilized by growing plant
communities, whereas more of the October additions are stored in sediments until subsequent
year's high plant growth. Likewise, materials entering the middle Snake River at an aquaculture
site in a hydrologically constrained reach are processed differently from materials entering at an
aquaculture site in a hydrologically unconstrained reach. Paniculate additions in constrained
reaches remain in suspension longer than particulate additions in unconstrained reaches due to
the higher gradient and velocities typically associated with constrained reaches. This distinction
between discharge/receiving sites requires that each site's potential impacts be assessed on a site-
by-site basis.
At the ADS study site (Pigeon Cove LQ and LS Drain), sand content was higher
downstream of the discharge than upstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher upstream
of the discharge than downstream. In all months combined (June-October 2001) average
sediment nitrogen and phosphorus content, and average trace element concentrations (17 selected
elements) were higher upstream of the ADS discharge than downstream. Similarly, 5-month
average BMI density, BMI biomass, BMI richness, and AM biomass were higher upstream of
the ADS discharge than downstream.
At the AD2 study site (Southside LS2/39A Drain), sand content was higher downstream of
the discharge than upstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher upstream of the discharge
than downstream. In all months combined (June-October 2001) average sediment nitrogen and
all trace elements except Ca, Na, Ni, Co, and Mo had higher concentrations upstream of the AD2
discharge than downstream. However, average sediment phosphorus concentrations for the 5
sampling months were higher downstream of the AD2 discharge than upstream. Average BMI
density and BMI richness for the 5 sampling months were higher upstream of the AD2 discharge
than downstream. However, average BMI and AM biomass were higher downstream of the AD2
discharge than upstream.
-------
48
At the ADI study site (Southside 39 Drain), sand content was higher upstream of the
discharge than downstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher downstream of the
discharge than upstream. Average sediment nitrogen and phosphorus content for the 5 sampling
months was higher downstream of the ADI discharge than upstream. Similarly, all trace
elements but Na had higher average concentrations downstream of the ADI discharge than
upstream. Average BMI density and AM biomass were higher downstream of the ADI
discharge than upstream. No differences were apparent when comparing BMI biomass and BMI
richness between the ADI control and deposition zones.
At the CS study site (Crystal Springs hatchery), sand content was higher upstream of the
discharge than downstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher downstream of the
discharge than upstream. Average sediment nitrogen and phosphorus content for the 5 sampling
months was higher downstream of the CS discharge than upstream. Similarly, all 17 other trace
elements had higher average concentrations downstream of the CS discharge than upstream.
Average BMI density, BMI biomass, and AM biomass were higher downstream of the CS
discharge than upstream. Average BMI richness upstream of the CS discharge was identical to
average BMI richness downstream of the CS discharge.
At the RV study site (Rim View hatchery), sand content was higher upstream of the
discharge than downstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher downstream of the
discharge than upstream. Average sediment nitrogen and phosphorus content for the 5 sampling
months was higher downstream of the RV discharge than upstream. Similarly, all trace elements
but Na and Mn had higher average concentrations downstream of the ADI discharge than
upstream. Average BMI density, BMI biomass, and AM biomass were higher downstream of
the RV discharge than upstream. Average BMI richness was higher upstream of the RV
discharge than downstream.
At the BC study site (Box Canyon hatchery), sand content was higher upstream of the
discharge than downstream, whereas silt and clay content was higher downstream of the
discharge than upstream. Average sediment nitrogen for the 5 sampling months was higher
upstream of the BC discharge than downstream, whereas average sediment phosphorus was
higher downstream of the BC discharge than upstream. Trace element concentrations between
the BC control and deposition zones showed variable trends depending on the element. Average
concentrations of C, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ba, Ni, Be, and Mo were higher upstream of the
-------
49
BC discharge than downstream, whereas average concentrations of Na, Zn, Cu, S, Cr, and Co
were higher downstream of the BC discharge than upstream. Average BMI density and BMI
biomass were higher upstream of the BC discharge than downstream, whereas average BMI
richness and AM biomass were higher downstream of the BC discharge than upstream.
-------
50
IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The intent of our 2001 middle Snake River study was not to compare the magnitude of
different industry effluents but instead to assess the condition of sediment and benthic biota
downstream of industry effluents. Regardless of effluent magnitude, comparing the benthic
environment upstream and downstream of individual discharges provides a more clear
understanding of the relationship between an impact and the potential source of the impact.
Understanding the relationship between a discharge and its ecological impact on the benthic
environment will provide opportunities to measure the success of point source management by
measuring changes in the benthic environment. Validation of point source discharge
management decisions with benthic impact analysis will allow managers to relate positive
ecological changes to changes in industry practices (i.e. best management practices).
Results of this 2001 middle Snake River benthic study will play an important role in
assessing effluent impacts on the five ESA threatened and endangered snails found in the study
reach. Valvata utahensis was the only listed snail species encountered during our 2001 study.
The small V. utahensis population was sampled in the deposition zone directly downstream of
Box Canyon hatchery and was found in no other locations during the five-month study. V.
utahensis presence downstream of the Box Canyon aquaculture facility indicates it's tolerance of
the benthic environment associated with the Box Canyon deposition zone (i.e. dense aquatic
macrophytes, organically enriched sediments).
Future benthic research in middle Snake River basin could include the comparison of
aquaculture deposition zones (treatment) with deposition zones downstream of unaltered spring
discharges (control). However, comparisons should only be made if the compared zones are
located in geomorphically similar river reaches (e.g. Box Canyon hatchery and Box Canyon
springs).
-------
51
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57
Table 1. Mean, standard deviation, and range of measured sediment metrics across all study sites and sampling
months (June-October) in the middle Snake River, 2001.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C (%)
N (%)
Ca (M9-g-1)
Mg (M9-9"1)
K(M9-91)
Na (Mg-g-1)
Zn (Mg-g"1)
Mn (|jg-g"1)
Cu (Mg-g-1)
Fe (Mg-g-1)
P (Mg-g-1)
s (Mg-g-1)
Pb(Mg-g-1)
Cr(Mg-g"1)
Cd (Mg-g-1)
Ba (Mg-g-1)
NI (Mg-g-1)
Co (Mg-g-1)
Be (Mg-g"1)
Mo (Mg-g'1)
mean
74.93
23.12
1.94
1.54
0.06
29,211.70
5,526.74
2,176.43
533.3
49.67
184.38
14.9
11,693.87
968.08
1 ,489.36
25.22
23.25
1.13'
'96.66
14.69
9.51
0.53
6.12
std dev
14.39
13.34
1.48
0.66
0.06
8,309.30
1,979.65
718.17
375.69
15.15
61.45
6.46
3,619.33
426.04
703.03
8.59
9.64
0.76
30.12
4.95
2.67
0.3
1.86
range
33.2 - 98.6
0.6-61.2
0.0-7.6
0.4 - 3.9
0.0 - 0.4
12,000 -.52,000
1,600-20,000
130-4,500
210-3,900
22-150
100-590
7.1-64
5,700 - 40,000
340 - 2,200
260 - 3,500
12.0-80.0
11.0-84.0
0.2 - 12.0
47.0 - 340
8.3 - 53.0
6.1-31.0
0.3 - 5.0
1.6-18.0
-------
58
Table 2. Average values for sediment metrics across all sites and months for agriculture and aquaculture deposition
and control zones. DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone.
Agriculture
DEP CON
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C(%)
N (%)
Ca (pg-g-1)
Mg (pg-g~1)
K(pg-g1)
Na (pg-g"1)
Zn (pg-g~1)
Mn (pg-g'1)
Cu (pg-g-1)
Fe (pg-g-1)
P (pg-g1)
s (pg-g-1)
Pb (pg-g-1)
Cr(pg-g-1)
Cd (pg-g-1)
Ba (pg-g-1)
NI (pg-g1)
Co (pg-g"1)
Be(Mg-g'1)
MO (pg-g"1)
77,87
20.39
1.77
1.19
0.03
25500.00
5210.93
2075.20
477.33
42.31
183.00
12.34
11090.93
688.07
925.80
24.26
19.99
1.07
89.43
13.73
8.96
0.49
6.07
76.53
21.40
2.08
1.26
0.04
26516.67
6286.67
2250.00
823.67
48.57
207.93
15.59
13808.33
758.73
1200.13
28.11
25.14
1.27
113.07
18.19
10.66
0.52
6.89
Aquaculture
DEP CON
71.85
26.13
2.06
1.99
0.10
33089.73
5531.47
2245.53
474.93
59.55
172.47
17.72
11583.33
1473.93
2177.00
25.44
26.63
1.12
96.82
14.95
9.69
0.54
5.95
73.69
24.36
2.01
1.69
0.06
31600.00
5381.67
2160.20
469.80
45.87
187.80
13.72
10975.00
734.87
1539.20
23.85
21.14
0.98
94.61
13.91
9.15
0.50
5.89
-------
Table 3. Average June values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C (%)
N (%)
Ca (Mg-g-1)
Mg (|jg-g'1)
K(M9-g-1)
Na (Mg-g-1)
Zn (Mg-g-1)
Mn (pg-g"1)
Cu (pg-g-1)
Fe (|jg-g~1)
P (Mg-g-1)
s (Mg-g-1)
Pb (Mg-g'1)
Cr(Mg-g-1)
Cd (Mg-g-1)
Ba (Mg-g-1)
NJ (Mg-g-1)
Co (Mg-g-1)
Be (Mg-g-1)
MO (pg-g"1)
DEP
78.1
18.9
3
1.1
0.07
21375
4187
1388
371
38.6
155
10.1
9938
599
909
16.4
15.9
0.48
76.8
10.9
8
0.4
4.8
AD3
CON
49.3
45.7
5
• 2.1
0.13
34500
6450
2625
595
55
235
18.5
13250
823
1300
27.8
22.5
1.04
127.5
16.3
10
0.66
6.2
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DEP
86.7
12.4
0.9
1
0.03
24375
4187
1400
425
35.1
155
10.1
9238
634
734
16.4
14.6
0.57
79.9
12.1
8.9
0.39
4.6
AD2
CON SIG
61.3 *
35.1 *
3.6 *
1.9 *
0.12 *
31750 *
5525 *
1875 *
393
46.3 *
195 *
14.5 *
10750 *
720 *
1350 *
17.5
18.3 *
0.66
104 *
11.8
7.9
0.49 *
4.6
DEP
66.6
31
2.4
1.4
0.06
28375
5962
2188
521
43.4
235
13.5
12125
733
688
23.8
21.9
0.83
99.6
16.9
10.8
0.56
5.8
AD1
CON SIG
85.7 *
12.5 *
1.8
1.1 *
0.04 *
24000 *
4225 *
1550 *
480
36.8 *
150 *
10.7 *
9575 *
630 *
998 *
17.5 *
16.8 *
0.69
75.5 *
14 *
9.4 *
0.43 *
4.9
DEP
65.7
33.2
1.2
2.4
0.17
37375
5875
2188
440
59.1
178
17.4
10813
1425
2188
23.4
19
1.11
101.9
15.1
9
0.57
5
CS
CON SIG
80.5 *
18.8 *
0.8
1.3 *
0.08 *
25250 *
4475 *
1650 *
388 *
39.8 *
175
12 *
9700 *
648 *
940 *
15.8 *
16.3 *
0.84 *
85 *
12 *
8.7
0.44 *
4.6
DEP
61
36
3
3.1
0.22
45875
5462
2213
491
60.9
• 169
15.9
10375
1588
2388
23
22
0.97
99
15.4
9.6
0.57
5.1
RV
CON SIG
89 *
9.3 *
1.8 *
1.3 *
0.06 *
24000 *
2625 *
1053 *
398
29.3 *
123 *
9.6 *
7075 *
573 *
1400 *
15.8 *
13.8 *
0.61 *
72 *
11.3 *
8.1 *
0.32 *
4.4
DEP
85.3
14
0.7
1.4
0.13
22875
4350
1304
464
58.3
163
18
11750
1613
1800
20.3
36.1
0.89
88.8
13.8
9.7
0.4
4.8
BC
CON
51.3
44.9
3.9
3.1
0.25
43500
8175
3775
510
67.8
373
24.8
14750
893
2400
31
26
1.35
147.5
18.3
10.3
0.87
7
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
«
*
*
*
*
*
-------
Table 4. Average July values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C(%)
N (%)
Ca (Mg-g 1)
Mg (Mg-g'1)
K (Mg-g-1)
Na (Mg-g )
Zn (Mg-g'1)
Mn (Mg-g"1)
Cu (M9 9 )
Fe (Mg-g )
P (Mg-g1)
s (Mg-g1)
Pb(M9-g'1)
Cr(Mg-g'1)
Cd (Mg-g )
Ba (pg-g 1)
Ni (Mg g"1)
Co (Mg-g'1)
Be (Mg g'1)
MO (Mg-g-1)
DEP
81
17.8
1.3
1
0.04
22125
4838
1975
561
40.8
160
12.1
10613
649
920
27.4
21.4
1.8
76.6
14.3
9.1
0.48
6
AD3
CON SIG
85
13.5
1.4
0.89
0.05
33750 *
16500 *
3400 *
2875 *
71.5 *
485 *
29 *
32250 *
1275 *
1650 *
50.8 *
67.8 *
3.6 *
235 *
43.8 *
26 *
0.68 *
14.3 *
DEP
86.8
12.3
0.9
1.1
0.03
26375
4988
1963
511
38.6
168
10.6
9825
655
784
26
19.3
1.4
80.8
12.8
9.2
0.46
5.5
AD2
CON SIG
64.2 *
33.3 *
2.5 *
1.6 *
0.07 *
31750 *
6400 *
2800 *
588 *
48.3 *
195 *
15 *
11750 *
746 *
1250 *
33.3 *
24.8 *
2 *
102 *
15.5 *
9.8 *
0.59 *
7.9 *
DEP
58.4
38.8
2.9
1.5
0.06
28625
6363
2225
426
43.8
218
13.9
12000
709
898
29.4
20.8
1.2
97.4
14.8
8.8
0.54
6.8
AD1
CON SIG
85.3 *
14
0.75 *
0.89 *
0.02 *
21000 *
4300 *
1375 *
395 *
36.8
140 *
10.4 *
9500 *
648 *
855
24.8
17.3 *
0.74 *
65.3 *
11.5 *
7.8 *
0.38 *
5.6
DEP
73.5
24.6
2
1.9
0.12
31571
5071
1700
391
51.7
166
13.4
9786
1457
1943
22.9
17.6
0.81
91.4
13.3
9.1
0.49
5.4
CS
CON SIG
85.5 *
13.8 *
0.8 *
0.86 *
0.06 *
19500 *
3250 *
1100 *
318 *
31.3 *
113 *
9.1 *
7950 *
538 *
740 *
19
12.5 *
0.86
61.3 *
9.9 *
7.5 *
0.33 *
4.6
DEP
69.9
27.2
3
2.5
0.17
41875
5375
1913
418
51.5
164
15
9625
1336
2238
29.6
21.3
1.3
82.6
14.8
9
0.5
5.9
RV
CON SIG
80.5 *
18.2 *
1.4 *
1.6 *
0.07 *
35500 *
4925
1575
418
39 *
148
12.3 *
9075
698 *
1500 *
23.5 *
18.8 *
0.93 *
81.5
12.3 *
8.2 *
0.42 *
5.6
DEP
80.3
17.6
2.1
1.7
0.15
27625
5025
1675
506
64.9
175
19.5
12000
1800
2050
22.5
35.9
0.85
90.6
15.5
10.6
0.46
6
BC
CON
53.4
42
4.6
2.1
0.13
35750
5925
2250
500
48.3
200
15
11500
783
1325
21
22
0.65
104.3
14.8
9.4
0.55
5.7
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-------
Table 5. Average August values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C (%)
N (%)
Ca (Mg-g-1)
Mg (Mg-g-1)
K(M9-g'1)
Na (Mg-g-1)
zn (Mg-g"1)
Mn (Mg-g-1)
Cu (Mg-g"1)
Fe (Mg-g"1)
P (Mg-g'1)
s (Mg-g'1)
Pb(Mg-g"1)
cr (Mg-g'1)
Cd (Mg-g'1)
Ba (Mg-g"1)
NI (Mg-g"1)
Co (Mg-g"1)
Be (Mg-g-1)
MO (Mg-g-1)
DEP
90
8.4
1.7
0.85
0.01
19125
3625
1500
411
37.6
146
8.8
10450
585
834
19.1
15.3
0.64
78.4
10.2
7.4
0.37
5.3
ADS
CON
48.2
48
3.8
1.9
0.05
33000
6850
3675
575
59
225
20.3
15000
745
1650
34.3
24
1.3
137.5
16.8
9.5
0.75
9.5
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
DEP
88
11.1
0.98
1.2
0.02
30500
5625
2238
553
43.4
188
12.1
11875
791
973
28.1
20.3
1.3
97.9
14.9
10.5
0.51
7.3
AD2
CON SIG
74.1 *
23.3 *
2.7 *
1.3
0.03
24500 *
4675 *
2125
495 -*
45.5
185
13.8
12000
673 *
1400 *
24.3
17.8 *
1.1
106.5
11.8 *
7.4 *
0.48
5.8
DEP
64.7
32.9
2.4
1.4
0.02
30125
6888
2800
544
45.6
216
13.6
13000
724
1076
28.1
23.8
1.4
103.4
16.4
9.9
0.6
7.7
AD1
CON SIG
88 *
11.3
0.8 *
0.89 *
0.01
25250 *
4775 *
1900 *
625 *
39.8
153 *
10.3 *
11250
770
1175
22.3 *
20
0.96 *
91.8
13 *
9.4
0.45 *
6.1
DEP
73.5
25.6
0.95
2
0.04
32000
5200
2325
431
55.5
166
13.6
10638
1713
2350
22.5
19
1.1
93.6
13.5
9
0.55
6.3
CS
CON SIG
78.2
21.4
0.5
1.5
0.01
28000
4700
2175
433
42.3
150 *
11.3
10750
685 *
1700
23
18.3
1.1
85.8
13.8
9.8 *
0.53
5.7
DEP
69.8
27.8
2.4
2.4
0.1
39500
5600
2463
479
58.9
161
13.1
11225
1713
2613
21.1
23.5
1.1
93.8
15.1
10.1
0.57
6.8
RV
CON SIG
81 *
17.8
1.3 *
1.7 *
0.02 *
38500
5600
2075 *
525 *
39.3 *
155
11.4
10000 *
833 *
1600 *
22
21.5
1
86.3
14
9.6
0.45 *
6
DEP
81.6
17.1
1.3
1.4
0.03
24375
5238
2063
555
61.4
184
20
14000
1550
2438
23.9
42.9
1.3
100.3
15.5
11.1
0.5
6
BC
CON
64.2
33.7
2.1
2
0.03
32750
6525
2850
523
56.5
233
16.8
14000
1000
2275
23.3
33.5
1.3
114
16.3
10.7
0.63
7.2
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-------
Table 6. Average September values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain,
AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C(%)
N(%)
Ca (Mg-g"1)
Mg (Mg-g-1)
K(pgg-1)
Na (Mg-g-1)
Zn (Mg-g"1)
Mn (Mg-g"1)
Cu (Mg-g )
Fe (Mg-g )
P (M9 g"1)
s (M9 g"1)
Pb(Mg-g'1)
Cr(Mgg"1)
Cd (M9'9 )
Ba (M9-9"1)
f\Ji (M9'9 )
Co (M9-g"1)
Be (M9 g"1)
Mo (M9-g"1)
DEP
71.4
25.5
3.1
1.3
0.03
23750
5138
2575
444
46.8
189
14.6
11600
815
1119
24.5
19
0.97
99.8
13.6
7.8
0.52
5.5
AD3
CON SIG
74.1
22.6
3.3
1.2
0.01
33750
13500 *
3525
2825 *
73 *
425 *
28 *
30000 *
1225 *
1775 *
49.5 *
57.3 *
2.3 *
250 *
40.3 *
22.8 *
0.7
12 *
DEP
88.7
10.4
0.9
1.1
0.01
25750
4500
1863
466
39.5
154
13.6
9575
651
801
18.5
16
0.84
85.1
11.3
7.6
0.46
5.6
AD2
CON SIG
75.7 *
22.7 *
1.6 *
1.4 *
0.02
24000
4600
2100 *
465
45.5
168 *
12.5
11750 *
640
1200 *
19.8
20.5 *
1.3
96.5 *
13.8 *
8
0.56
5.5
DEP
71.6
27.1
1.4
1.2
0.02
24750
5650
2325
483
46.9
226
13.9
12625
726
836
26.5
31
1.1
92.9
16.9
9.8
0.53
7.9
AD1
CON SIG
94.6 *
4.6 *
0.8 *
0.7 *
0.01
17250 *
3525 *
1400 *
508
31.8 *
123 *
7.5 *
9100 *
605 *
643
14.5 *
15 *
0.53 *
71.3 *
9 *
6.3 *
0.33 *
4.8 *
DEP
59.3
39
1.7
2.2
0.1
36250
6575
2750
441
71.9
199
24.6
11750
1375
2238
38
22.4
1.2
105
15.4
9.2
0.6
6.6
CS
CON SIG
95 .*
4-
1.1 *
0.6 *
0.03 *
15250 *
3050 *
1250 *
368 *
34.8
125 *
8.5
9475 *
528 *
700 *
15 *
14.3 *
0.44 *
60.5 *
10 *
7 *
0.3 *
4.9
DEP
70.8
27.4
1.8
2.1
0.1
36275
5600
2613
458
52.1
151
12.8
10713
1338
2163
23.1
22.6
1.1
92.5
14.1
8.7
0.67
6.7
RV
CON SIG
59.8
38.2
2.1
2.2
0.09
40250
6825 *
2800
473
48
185 *
14.8
11500
885 *
1800 *
22.8
25.8
1
104
16.3 *
9.1
0.56
7.4
DEP
69.8
26.3
4
1.9
0.12
32375
6388
2850
528
76.1
229
33
16000
1738
2563
32.8
38.6
1.5
113
17.6
11.4
0.63
8.4
BC
CON SIG
53.5
42.9
3.6
2.2
0.08
40500
7850
3150
495
61.8
258
20
14750
943 *
1575 *
33.8
29.3 *
1.5
128
17.5
10.6
0.7
8.7
-------
Table 7. Average October values for each sediment metric in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Sand (%)
Silt (%)
Clay (%)
C (%)
N (%)
Ca (Mg-g'1)
Mg (Mg-g"1)
K(Mg-g'1)
Na (Mg-g"1)
Zn (Mg-g'1)
Mn (Mg-g'1)
Cu(Mg-g'1)
Fe (Mg-g'1)
P (Mg-g"1)
s (Mg-g"1)
Pb (Mg-g'1)
Cr(Mg-g-1)
Cd (Mg-g"1)
Ba (Mg-g"1)
NJ (Mg-g-1)
Co (Mg-g'1)
Be (Mg-g'1)
MO (Mg-g'1)
DEP
84.6
14.6
0.81
1.05
0.01
20375
4188
1850
457
48
140
12.6
9850
586
833
23.7
17.4
0.89
85.4
11.3
7.6
0.44
5
AD3
CON SIG
85.5
13.5
1
1.2
0.01
24250
5050 *
2125
535
45.3
150
15.5
10225
685 *
988
32
21.5 *
1.1
80.5
13.8 *
9 *
0.47
5.7
DEP
87
12
0.99
1.2
0.01
27125
5050
1913
471
37.5
160
11.3
10150
699
1078
24.6
18.5
1.3
81.4
13.5
9.1
0.49
6.4
AD2
CON SIG
89.8
9
1.2
0.83 *
0.01
17000 *
3350 *
1500 *
478
55.5
135 *
14.8
10475
513 *
783 *
26.8
14.5 *
0.77
77.3
9.8 *
7.5 *
0.39
4.9 *
DEP
64.5
32.7
2.8
1.5
0.01
29750
6975
2925
516
49
235
14.3
13500
765
1404
31.4
24.6
1.3
106
16.1
9.9
0.59
6.9
AD1
CON SIG
87.2 *
11.9
1 *
0.97 *
0.01
22000 *
4575 *
1775 *
523
38.5
155 *
13
10250 *
683 *
985
26.5
19 *
1
75.3 *
12.8 *
9.1
0.44
5.6
DEP
73.6
24.5
1.9
1.6
0.02
30750
5925
2738
478
50.9
151
13.9
10325
1035
1438
25
19.8
1.1
94.5
14.8
9.4
0.52
4.9
CS
CON SIG
93.3 *
6.3 *
0.5 *
0.78 *
0.01
13250 *
2800 *
1225 *
353 *
53
138
8.9 *
8600 *
490 *
683 *
28.8
13 *
0.69 *
64 *
10.1 *
7.5 *
0.29 *
4.6
DEP
58.4
38.8
2.8
2
0.04
32375
6113
2600
420
57.9
150
14.5
11375
903
2120
27.5
22.3
1.3
98.3
13.4
8.2
0.54
5.6
RV
CON SIG
75.7 *
22.6
1.7 *
1.9
0.02
43750 *
7275 *
2225 *
790 *
39.5
223 *
13.5
12750 *
768 *
2950
35
27 *
1.3
104
15
10.5 *
0.49
5.9
DEP
85.3
12.8
2
1.3
0.03
25250
5175
2288
624
62.1
181
21.1
13375
1525
2125
26
36.5
- 1.1
107
17
11.2
0.48
5.8
BC
CON
64.5
31.5
4
2.2
0.03
38250
6725
3250
555
57.3
218
17.8
12750
758
1500
28
25
1.1
121
17
10.2
0.62
6
SIG
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
-------
64
Table 8. Benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) taxa sampled from the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October, 2001.
Study sites and zones where BMI were sampled are listed, c = control zone, d = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon
Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery,
RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
Scientific Name
Study sites and zones sampled
Phylum Arthropods
Class Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Ephydridae
Stratiomyiidae
Ceratopogonidae
Tipulidae
Collembola
Podura aquatica
Odonata
Anisoptera
Zygoptera
Coleoptera
Corixidae
Haliplidae
Haliplus spp.
Megaloptera
Sialidae
Sialis spp.
Trichoptera
Polycentropodidae
Ephemeroptera
Ephemeridae
Class Crustacea
Amphipoda
Isopoda
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Class Turbellaria
Phylum Annelida
Class Oligochaeta
Class Hirudinea
BC(d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
CS(c); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
CS(c)
RV(c); CS(c,d); AD1(d); AD2(c)
AD3(c)
CS(d)
BC(d); RV(c,d)
BC(d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(d); AD2(d); AD3(c,d)
BC(d);CS(d);AD1(c);AD3(d)
BC(c); CS(c); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
CS(c)
AD1(d)
CS(c); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD2(d); AD3(c)
BC(c,d); CS(d); AD1(d); AD3(d)
BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(d)
Phylum Nematoda
BC(d); RV(c); CS(c.d); AD1(c.d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
-------
65
Table 8 (cont). Benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) taxa sampled from the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-October,
2001. Study sites and zones where BMI were sampled are listed, c = control zone, d = deposition zone, ADS =
Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2.= Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs
Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery
Scientific Name Study sites and zones sampled
Phylum Mollusca
Class Gastropoda
Hydrobiidae
Potamopyrgus antipodarum BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1(c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
Ancylidae
Femss/aspp. CS(d)
Physidae
Physella spp. BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1 (c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
Planorbidae
Gyraulus pan/us BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1 (c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
Vorticifex effusus BC(c,d); RV(c,d); CS(c,d); AD1 (d); AD2(d); AD3(c)
Valvatidae
Valvata humeralis RV(d); CS(c); AD3(d)
Valvata utahensis BC(d)
Lymnaeidae BC(d); RV(c); CS(d); AD1 (c,d)
Class Pelecypoda
Sphaeriidae
Musculium spp. AD1 (c); AD2(c)
Pisidium spp. BC(c.d); RV(c,d); CS(c.d); AD1 (c,d); AD2(c,d); AD3(c,d)
-------
Table 9. Average values for BMI and AM metrics across all sites and
months for agriculture and aquaculture deposition and control zones.
DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone.
Agriculture
DEP CON
BMI (#-rrr2)
BMI (g-rrT2)
BMI taxa richness
AM (g-m-2)
3,111
3.3
4.0
6.2
3,415
3.0
4.6
5.9
Aquaculture
DEP CON
32,610
34.2
6.0
73.1
27,383
38.6
5.5
33.5
Table 10. Average June values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery; RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
ADS
DEP CON SIG
AD2
DEP CON SIG
AD1
DEP CON SIG
CS
DEP CON SIG
RV
DEP CON SIG
BC
DEP CON SIG
BMI(#-rrT) 6,520 12,239 * 4,011 6,919 * 9,973 8,832 9,168 8,921
BMI (g-m-2) 5.1 14.4 * 3.5 3.3 9.2 5.4 * 18.0 14.8
BMI taxa richness 3.9 6.0 * 4.4 6.3 * 3.1 4.3 * 5.8 4.8
AM (g-m'2) 13.1 13.2 0.5 6.6 * 0.2 0.0 9.4 2.4
231,222 17,425
213.3 40.4
6.0 9.8
325.3 107.3
12,707 206,333
24.3 287.1
6.4 4.3
51.5 56.6
OS
o\
-------
Table 11. Average July values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
BMI (#-rrf2)
BMI (g-rrf2)
BMI taxa richness
AM (g-rrf2)
AD3
DEP CON SIG
3,858 5,539 *
4.0 1.9
3.9 4.8
1.8 1.2
AD2
DEP CON SIG
3,539 4,884 *
10.4 4.2 *
4.1 5.0
0.1 16.7 *
AD1
DEP CON SIG
4,427 2,589 *
1.9 7.9 *
3.5 3.5
0.0 0.0
CS
DEP CON SIG
9,253 4,022
9.8 3.4 *
5.8 5.0
16.0 1.5
RV
DEP CON SIG
37,694 3,400 *
50.1 1.1 *
6.3 6.5
121.3 12.3 *
BC
DEP CON SIG
43,986 58,444
59.2 110.6 *
7.1 3.0 *
104.3 73.5
Table 12. Average August values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant difference
between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 =
Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
BMI (#-m'2)
BMI (g-rrf2)
BMI taxa richness
AM (g-m-2)
ADS
DEP CON SIG
1,139 1,022
0.7 1.0
2.9 5.5 *
3.8 15.4 *
AD2
DEP CON SIG
878' 956
0.9 0.6
3.4 4.0
0.9 1.9
AD1
DEP CON SIG
1,772 1,289
1.5 1.4
4.8 4.5
5.5 2.8
CS
DEP CON SIG
7,608 5,822
5.8 2.6
6.0 8.8 *
49.5 45.6
RV
DEP CON SIG
20,356 3,732 *
31.7 2.2 *
5.8 8.7
48.2 12.2 *
BC
DEP CON SIG
2,394 44,593 *
4.1 58.6 *
5.3 1.7
20.0 13.8
-------
Table 13. Average September values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain,
AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
BMI (#-rrf2)
BMI (g-rrf2)
BMI taxa richness
AM (g-rn2)
ADS
DEP CON SIG
972 867
6.0 0.8
4.8 4.8
12.2 21.1
AD2
DEP CON SIG
1 ,050 867
0.6 0.4
4.0 3.5
2.3 1.8
AD1
DEP CON SIG
2,294 1,200 *
1.5 0.9 *
6.1 5.3
15.8 3.2
CS
DEP CON SIG
6,399 2,189 *
7.7 1.5
7.0 6.5
28.8 2.9 *
RV
DEP CON SIG
44,639 32,389
40.0 19.6 *
7.0 10.3 *
109.5 135.1
BC
DEP CON SIG
10,894 4,178 *
11.2 7.7
6.9 2.0 *
10.3 1.1 *
Table 14. Average October values for BMI and AM metrics in the deposition zone and control zone of each study site. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). DEP = deposition zone, CON = control zone, SIG = significant, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain,
AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
BMI (#-rn2)
BMI (g-rn2)
BMI taxa richness
AM (g-m-2)
ADS
DEP CON SIG
1,089 1,544
0.5 0.8
2.5 3.5 *
0.2 4.4 *
AD2
DEP CON SIG
1,953 844
1.6 0.5 *
5.3 3.5 *
36.4 0.9
AD1
DEP CON SIG
3,185 1,633 *
2.2 1.7
3.6 4.0
0.5 0.0
CS
DEP CON SIG
3,597 1,456 *
2.5 1.0 *
4.8 4.3
61.1 0.0 •
RV
DEP CON SIG
42,241 1,178
31.3 1.1 *
6.0 5.0
120.6 6.9 *
BC
DEP CON SIG
6,985 16,667 *
4.4 27.3 *
3.9 1.3 *
20.1 31.6
-------
69
Table 15. Vascular aquatic macrophyte species sampled from the six study sites, middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001.
Species Abbreviation
Ceratophyllaceae (Hornwort Family)
Ceratophyllum demersum L Cdem
Hydrocharitaceae (Frog's-bit Family)
Elodea canadensis Rich. In Michx. Ecan
Potamogetonaceae (Pond Weed Family)
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieb. Pber
P. crispus L. Peri
P. pectinatus L Ppec
Ranunculaceae (Buttercup Family)
Ranunculus aquatilis L. Raqu
Zannichelliacaea (Horned Pondweed Family)
Zannichellia palustris L. Zpal
-------
Table 16. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Box Canyon Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge.
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TOTAL
CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
TOTAL
15.3 2.0 10.5 43.8 38.3 25.3 0.0 8.3 19.7 2.8 15.7 24.0
40.9 23.3 19.3 7.8 52.8 17.2 0.0 9.1 19.0 9.7 28.6. 13.9
-
0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5
42.3 67.8 68.3 38.9 8.9 57.5 100.0 81.2 60.9 87.4 54.3 54.9
1.5 5.2 1.9 8.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.4 0.1 1.4 6.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3
0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
-------
Table 17. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Rim View Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge.
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
TOTAL
JUNE
CON
1.3
81.4
0.0
17.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
DEP
4.5
91.7
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
100.0
JULY
CON
41.4
0.0
0.0
58.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
DEP
3.2
69.9
0.0
26.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
100.0
AUGUST
CON DEP
0.5
91.0
0.0
8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
9.9
56.2
0.0
33.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
SEPTEMBER
CON DEP
5.2
94.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
5.5
86.4
0.0
8.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
OCTOBER
CON DEP
0.0
99.0
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
100.0
10.1
84.2
0.0
4.8
0.9
0.0
0.0
100.0
TOTAL
CON DEP
3.1
86.8
0.0
10.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
5.2
84.5
0.0
9.9
0.1
0.3
0.0
100.0
-------
Table 18. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the Crystal Springs Hatchery study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge. .
JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER TOTAL
CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP CON DEP
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
TOTAL
13.3 10.1 0.0 3.8 16.0 78.7 0.0 36.5 0.0 44.2 15.5 47.0
0.0 4.8 5.7 7.5 75.6 1.2 0.0 18.7 0.0 53.0 69.8 24.7
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
86.7 85.1 92.7 88.7 8.4 20.1 0.0 44.8 0.0 2.8 14.7 28.3
0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
.
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 NP 100.0 NP 100.0 100.0 100.0
-------
Table 19. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the ADI (Southside 39 Drain) study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho, June-
October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge.
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
TOTAL
CON
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NP
JUNE
DEP
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
JULY
CON
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NP
DEP
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NP
AUGUST
CON DEP
91.5
0.0
0.0
8.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
91.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.0
100.0
SEPTEMBER
CON DEP
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
99.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
OCTOBER
CON DEP
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NP
0.5
85.4
0.0
14.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
TOTAL
CON
93.7
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP
93.9
2.5
0.0
1.4
2.2
0.0
0.0
100.0 100.0
-J
UJ
-------
Table 20. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the AD2 (Southside LS2/39A Drain) study site in the middle Snake River, Idaho,
June-October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream of
discharge.
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
JUNE
CON
0.0
2.3
0.0
97.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP
62.8
0.0
0.0
37.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
CON
47.8
0.6
0.0
51.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
JULY
DEP
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
AUGUST
CON DEP
80.7
3.3
0.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
94.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
SEPTEMBER
CON DEP
21.1
10.3
0.0
68.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
90.8
8.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
OCTOBER
CON DEP
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.9
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
CON
35.3
1.8
0.0
62.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP •
95.0
2.2
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
-------
Table 21. Aquatic macrophyte abundance (%) for each species collected from the ADS (Pigeon Cove LS & LQ Drain) study site in the middle Snake River,
Idaho, June-October, 2001. Percent abundance is based on dry weight biomass. CON = control zone upstream of discharge, DEP = deposition zone downstream
of discharge.
Ceratophyllum
demersum
Elodea
canadensis
Potamogeton
berchtoldii
Potamogeton
crispus
Potamogeton
pectinatus
Ranunculus
aquatilis
Zannichellia
palustris
JUNE
CON
46.2
7.3
0.0
46.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP
1.0
0.0
0.2
98.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
JULY
CON
20.6-
0.0
0.0
79.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP
2.9
21.4
0.0
75.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
AUGUST
CON . DEP
69.8
18.7
0.0
11.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
56.9
1.1
0.0
18.3
23.7
0.0
0.0
SEPTEMBER
CON DEP
21.1
6.5
0.0
72.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.4
0.0
0.0
69.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
OCTOBER
CON DEP
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
CON
39.0
9.4
0.0
51.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
DEP
20.0
1.4
0.1
75.6
2.9
0.0
0.0
TOTAL
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
-------
76
Table 22. Screening concentrations for trace element contaminants in freshwater sediment derived from NOAA
Screening Quick Reference Tables (Buchman 1999).
Background Level (BL) Threshold Effects Level (TEL) Probable Effects Level (PEL)
Zn(ug/g) 7-38 123.1 315
Mn(ug/g) 400 630 N/A
Cu(ug/g) 10-25 35.7 197
Pb(ug/g) 4-17 35 91.3
Cr(ug/g) 7-13 37.3 90
Cd(ug/g) 0.1-0.3 0.6 3.5
Ni(ug/g) 9.9 18 35.9
Co (ug/g) 10 N/A N/A
-------
77
Upper Salmon Falls Dam
Rim View Hatchery (RV)
RK 963.5
i
.Qystel Springs Hatchery RK 966.4
Box Canyon Hatchery (BC)
Ag Drain 1 (AD1)
Ag Drain 2 (AD2)
Twin Falls* ^—^
Figure 1. Sample sites located on the middle Snake River. Arrows indicate the flow direction of each of the six
discharges. Discharge locations are located at RK 970.9 (AD3), RK 969.0 (AD2), RK 967.1 (ADI), RK 966.4 (CS),
RK 9963.5 (RV), and RK 946.8 (BC).
Discharge
Deposition Zone
I
River Flow
Probing Location •
Figure 2. Diagram of systematic sediment probing locations at each site. The three transects of 14 probing
locations were 5,10, and 15 meters from the shoreline and spanned a distance of 150 meters downstream from the
discharge.
-------
78
Dis
Deposition Zone
cha
rge
Control Zone
River Flow
Dredge Location •
Figure 3. Diagram of dredge locations at each site for year 2000 dredging. The dredge samples were
taken randomly between 2 and 15 meters from the shoreline, spanning a distance of 200 meters upstream
and downstream from the discharge. •
Deposition Zone
Discharge
Control Zone
River Flow
Dredge Location •
Figure 4. Diagram of dredge locations at each site for year 2001 dredging. The dredge "clusters" were
taken randomly between 2 and 15 meters from the shoreline. The control zone dredges were sampled at
least 200 meters upstream from the discharge. The upstream-most dredges in the deposition zone were
sampled between 1 and 100 meters downstream from the discharge and the downstream-most dredges in
the deposition zone were sampled between 100 and 200 meters downstream.
-------
79
Box Canyon
Distance
From
Shoreline
-*- 5 meters
-*-10 meters
-A—15 meters
0 50 100 150
Distance Downstream From Discharge (m)
Rim View
Distance
From
Shoreline
-*- 5 meters
-•-10 meters
-A- 15 meters
0.00
0 50 100 150
Distance Downstream From Discharge (m)
Crystal Springs
Distance
From
Shoreline
-•*- 5 Meters
-•-10 Meters
-A-15 Meters
0 50 100 150
Distance Downstream From Discharge (m)
Figure 5. Sediment depth (m) for three distances from the shoreline (5,10, and 15 m) within 150 meters
downstream of the 3 selected aquaculture discharges to the middle Snake River June, 2000.
-------
80
Ag Drain 1
i.UU •
1 ftn
E
Q. <\ on
Q 1 nn
m n on
;= n en -
CO n An -
n °n -
c
'
1.80 -
•—« 4 Gf\
"~" 1 An -
fi 1.40
K V \ Ml
\ . %A\ / !
\ >^f V | •/ /\
Vy-fC ^ ^\ / / I I *
A-*vt/ *"*" \ / \lB / A /
* UV/ "
*
50 100 . 1£
Distance Downstream From Discharge (m)
Ag Drain 2
V7T/
• w w
-
\ x^, /A f
\ x ^ \ /
1 / Y
x*-*-*'
Distance
Shoreline
» 5 Meters
-•- 1 0 Meters
—tr- 1 5 Meters
0
Distance
Shoreline
-0— 5 Meters
~m~ 10 Meters
A, 1 5 Meters
0 50 100 150
Distance Downstream From Discharge (m)
Ag Drain 3
<-^ 1 An
Q 1 nn
** 1.00
fn fin .
__ n en
o
nnn -
• »-
-------
81
AG
AQUA
June July Aug *Sept
MONTH
Figure 7. Sand content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the sand content (%) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
82
JUNE
• CON
HDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
JULY
*RV *BC
AD3 *AD2 *AD1 «CS
OCT
RV
BC
AD3 ADZ *AD1
•CS
«RV
*BC
SITE
Figure 8. Sand content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
83
*June
July Aug *Sept
AG
AQUA
MONTH
Figure 9. Silt content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the silt content (%) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
84
H
-J
JUNE
• CON
IDDEP
AD3
AD2 *AD1
*CS
*RV
*BC
SITE
Figure 10. Silt content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
85
AG
AQUA
June *July Aug Sept *0ct
MONTH
Figure 11. Clay content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the clay content (%) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
86
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
AD3 «AD2
AD1
CS
*RV
*BC
JULY
AD3 «AD2
AD1
*CS
*RV
*BC
AUG
*AD3 *AD2
AD1
CS
RV
*BC
SEPT
ADS *AD2 *AD1
CS
RV
BC
OCT
AD3 AD2
AD1 *CS
RV
*BC
SITE
Figure 12. Clay content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
87
AG
AQUA
0
*June
MONTH
Figure 13. Carbon content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the carbon content (%) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
JUNE
AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
OCT
• CON
ODER
ADS *AD2 «AD1 *CS
RV
*BC
SITE
Figure 14. Carbon content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
89
0.25
• AG
QAQUA
*June *Aug
MONTH
Figure 15. Nitrogen content (%) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the nitrogen content (%) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
90
0.25
JUNE
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV
• CON
EIDEP
0.25
AD3 *AD2 *AD1
AUG
*CS
*RV
BC
O.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
ADS AD2 AD1
OCT
*CS
RV
BC
AD3 AD2 AD1
CS
RV
BC
SITE
Figure 16. Nitrogen content (%) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
91
50000
~5 40000
DJD
| 30000
g
§ 20000
10000
0
• AG
1AQUA
*June
*July
MONTH
*Sept
Figure 17. Calcium content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the calcium content
(ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
92
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
JULY
*RV *BC
6OOOO
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
AUG
*RV *BC
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 CS RV *BC
AD3 AD2 *AD1 *CS RV BC
ADS *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
SITE
Figure 18. Calcium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
93
5
<
AG
AQUA
June Aug *Sept
MONTH
Oct
Figure 19. Magnesium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the magnesium
content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent
± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
94
M
Ic
W
JUNE
*AD3 *AD2 »AD1 «CS *RV *BC
*AD3 «AD2 *AD1 *CS RV BC
• CON
E3DEP
*AD3 *AD2 »AD1 CS
SEPT
RV BC
AD3 AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV BC
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
SITE
Figure 20. Magnesium content (ug-g~!) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001 . Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
•deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
95
I
g
• AG
1AQUA
June Aug *Sept Oct
MONTH
Figure 21. Potassium content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the potassium content
(ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
96
CC
05
•<
H
O
Cu
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1OOO
50O
O
45OO
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
15OO
1000
500
0
JUNE
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
• CON
CSDEP
ADS *AD2 *AD1 «CS
OCT
RV
BC
AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
*RV *BC
SITE
Figure 22. Potassium content (ug-g"') of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
97
c
•
B
o
o
03
AG
AQUA
June
MONTH
Figure 23. Sodium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the sodium content
(ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
98
Q
O
30OO
2500
2000
1500
1000
5OO
0
JUNE
• CON
E3DEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1
AUG
*CS
RV
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1
SEPT
CS *RV
ADS AD2
*CS *RV
«BC
SITE
Figure 24. Sodium content (ng-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05).CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
99
OJD
i
u
I.
• AG
DAQUA
*June *Aug *Sept *0ct
MONTH
Figure 25. Zinc content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the zinc content (ug-g"1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
100
6JD
sc
JUNE
AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
• CON
QDEP
*AD3 *AD2
AD1
AUG
*CS
*RV *BC
*AD3 AD2 *AD1 CS RV BC
OCT
ADS AD2
AD1
CS
RV
BC
SITE
Figure 26. Zinc content (ng-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
101
June
Aug
MONTH
Sept
AG
AQUA
Figure 27. Manganese content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the manganese
content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent
± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
102
JUNE
DJD
ft
v—'
.w
{»
w
5
O
• CON
QDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
OCT
*RV
BC
AD3 *AD2 *AD1
*RV
BC
SITE
Figure 28. Manganese content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
103
/^
7M
W)
W
PH
PH
O
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
• AG
DAQUA
*June *Aug *Sept *0ct
MONTH
Figure 29. Copper content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the copper content
(u^-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
104
JUNE
194)
OJD
CM
PH
O
u
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
• CON
DDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1
AUG
*CS
*RV
BC
*AD3 AD2 *AD1
SEPT
CS
RV
BC
»AD3 AD2 *AD1
OCT
CS
RV
BC
AD3 AD2
AD1
SITE
*cs
RV
BC
Figure 30. Copper content (ng-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
105
§
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
AG
AQUA
June
*Sept
Oct
MONTH
Figure 31. Iron content (ug'g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the iron content (ug-g'1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
106
DJD
I
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV «BC
JULY
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
AUG
RV BC
*AD3 AD2 AD1 CS *RV BC
«AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS RV BC
350OO
30000
25000
2OOOO
15000
10000
5OOO
0
— 3=_ — T T
__
AH
*
AD3 AD2 «AD1 *CS *RV BC
SITE
Figure 32. Iron content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones, (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
107
2000
*June
*Sept
MONTH
• AG
QAQUA
*0ct
Figure 33. Phosphorus content (ug'g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the phosphorus
content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent
± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
108
OX)
O
£
OH
C/5
2000
2000
2000
200O
JUNE
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV
• CON
DDEP
»AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
AUG
*AD3 *AD2 AD1 *CS *RV *BC
SEPT
.*AD3 AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
OCT
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
SITE
Figure 34. Phosphorus content (ng-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
109
*June
*July
MONTH
• AG
DAQUA
*Sept
Figure 35. Sulfur content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the sulfur content (ug-g'1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control'zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
110
DA
sc
I
3500
3000
3500
3000
JUNE
• CON
EJDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
JULY
*RV «BC
ADS *AD2 AD1 *CS
RV *BC
SITE
Figure 36. Sulfur content (ug-g"') of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05).CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
Ill
0
AG
AQUA
*June
*Sept
MONTH
Oct
Figure 37. Lead content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the lead content (ug-g"1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
112
JUNE
• CON
HDEP
AD3 AD2
AD1 CS
SITE
RV
BC
Figure 38. Lead content (ug-g"') of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
113
• AG
• AQUA
*June *Aug *Sept *Oct
MONTH
Figure 39. Chromium content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculrure deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the chromium content
(ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
114
W)
Of)
u
JUNE
HCON
EDEP
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
JULY
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1
OCT
*CS
RV
*BC
*AD3 *AD2 »AD1
*CS
*RV
»BC
SITE
Figure 40. Chromium content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
115
3
P
NM
S
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
AG
AQUA
*June Aug *Sept
MONTH
Oct
Figure 41. Cadmium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the cadmium content
(ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
116
CJj
ft
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
O
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
JUNE
• CON
nDEP
«AD3 AD2 AD1 *CS
JULY
*RV
*BC
«AD3 «AD2 *AD1
AUG
CS
*RV
BC
*AD3 AD2 *AD1 *CS
OCT
ADS AD2 AD1 *CS RV BC
SITE
Figure 42. Cadmium content (ug-g'!) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
117
AG
AQUA
*June
Aug
MONTH
Sept
Figure 43. Barium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the barium content
((ig-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
118
300
250
JUNE
• CON
ODER
300
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV *BC
JULY
ADS
AD2 *AD1 *CS
SITE
RV
Figure 44. Barium content (ug-g"') of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
119
0
AG
AQUA
*June Aug *Sept
MONTH
*0ct
Figure 45. Nickel content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the nickel content (ug-g"1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
C
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
120
JUNE
• CON
ODER
•AD3
AD2 »AD1
JULY
*CS
*RV
•BC
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS *RV BC
AUG
45
40
35
3O
25
20
15
10 -
5
0
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
• OCT
*RV
BC
*AD3 *AD2 *AD1 *CS
RV
BC
SITE
Figure 46. Nickel content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
121
AG
AQUA
0
June
*Sept
MONTH
Oct
Figure 47. Cobalt content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the cobalt content (ug-g"1) of
sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1 standard
deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
-------
122
a
<
cc
o
u
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
*AD3 *AD2
AD1
»CS
*RV
BC
SITE
Figure 48. Cobalt content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
123
I
B
j
W
PQ
AG
AQUA
*June Aug Sept Oct
MONTH
Figure 49. Beryllium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the beryllium content
(Hg-g"!) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control /ones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
-------
124
Dfi
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
AD3 AD2
AD1
*CS
RV
SITE
Figure 50. Beryllium content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
-------
125
AG
AQUA
0
June Aug Sept
MONTH
*0ct
Figure 51. Molybdenum content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the molybdenum
content (ug-g"1) of sediment sampled from aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent
± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
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126
JUNE
• CON
ODER
*AD3 AD2 AD1 CS RV *BC
JULY
*AD3 AD2 «AD1
OCT
CS
RV
BC
AD3 »AD2
AD1
SITE
cs
RV
BC
Figure 52. Molybdenum content (ug-g'1) of sediment sampled at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.05). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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127
1000000
fc
w
Q
NN
I
AG
AQUA
*June *Aug
MONTH
Oct
Figure 53. Benthic macroinvertebrate density (#-m~2) of agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones.
Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the benthic
macroinvertebrate density (#-m"2) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ± 1
standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
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128
cc
fc
CO
JUNE
• CON
DDEP
*AD3 AD2 AD1 CS '*RV *BC
JULY
AD3 AD2 AD1 CS *RV BC
AD3 AD2 AD1 CS RV *BC
AD3 AD2 AD1 CS RV BC
ADS AD2 AD1 *CS *RV BC
SITE
Figure 54. Benthic macroinvertebrate density (#-m'2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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129
1000000
CO
fc
H
I
53
a;
*June *Aug
MONTH
AG
AQUA
*0ct
Figure 55. Potamopyrgus antippdarum (New Zealand mudsnail) density (#-m~2) in agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05)
between the P. antipodarum density (#-m'2) in aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars
represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA =
aquaculture deposition zone.
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130
JUNE
I
§
ADS
AD2 *AD1
AUG
CS *RV
•BC
AD3 *AD2 AD1
SEPT
CS
«RV *BC
ADS AD2 AD1 CS
SITE
»RV
BC
Figure 56. Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail) density (#-m'2) at the six study sites in
the middle Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control
zone, DEP = deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI
= -Southside 39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon
Hatchery.
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131
%
u
O
O
z
i
£
u
*June
Aug
MONTH
AG
AQUA
Sept
Figure 57. Chironomidae spp. density (#-m"2) in agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones. Months
shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between Chironomidae spp. density (#-m~2) in
aquaculture and agriculture control zones. 'Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean.
Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05).
AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture deposition zone.
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132
fc
H
Q
OH*
o
fc
§
X
u
AD3 AD2 *AD1
CS *RV
*BC
SITE
Figure 58. Chironomidae spp. density (#-m~2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake River June-
October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant
difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP = deposition zone,
ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside 39 Drain, CS =
Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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133
S
bJD
•^s
5/3
PQ
AG
AQUA
*Aug
*0ct
MONTH
Figure 59. Benthic macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass (g-m"2) of agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the benthic
macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass (g-m~2) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars
represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA =
aquaculture deposition zone.
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134
1000
JUNE
W)
v^
O>
t/3
oa
I-H
£
CO
• CON
HDEP
1000
100O
1000
100O
*AD3 AD2 AD1
JULY
CS *RV *BC
ADS AD2 «AD1 CS *RV
AUG
BC
AD3 AD2 AD1 CS *RV *BC
SEPT
AD3 *AD2 AD1 CS
SITE
«BC
Figure 60. Benthic macroinvertebrate dry weight biomass (g-m'2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake
River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± I standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = cpntrol zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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135
AG
AQUA
*June *July *Aug *Sept *0ct
MONTH
Figure 61. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (# taxa-dredge"1) of agriculture and aquaculture
deposition zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the benthic
macroinvertebrate taxa richness (# taxa-dredge"1) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars
represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between
agriculture and aquaculture deposition zones (p <0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA =
aquaculture deposition zone.
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136
JUNE
(3D
•O
V
?
OS
X
5
&
C/5 '
^•^
U
S
CQ
• CON
DDEP
AD3
*BC
Figure 62. Benthic macroinvertebrate taxa richness (# taxa-dredge"1) at the six study sites in the middle
Snake River June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from mean. Asterisks
indicate significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP:
deposition zone, AD3 = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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137
200
E
3
VI
cc
o
« 100
§
0
AG
AQUA
*July *Sept
MONTH
Figure 63. Aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m"2) of agriculture and aquaculture deposition
zones. Months shown are those that had no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the aquatic
macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m'2) of aquaculture and agriculture control zones. Error bars represent ±
1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between agriculture and
aquaculture deposition zones (p < 0.05). AG = agriculture deposition zone, AQUA = aquaculture
deposition zone.
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138
DJD
I
HH
PQ
w
H
PL,
§
JUNE
AD3
AD2
AD1
CS
*RV
• CON
QDEP
SITE
Figure 64. Aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m~2) at the six study sites in the middle Snake River
June-October, 2001. Error bars represent ± 1 standard deviation from the mean. Asterisks indicate a
significant difference between control and deposition zones (p < 0.2). CON = control zone, DEP =
deposition zone, ADS = Pigeon Cove LQ, LS Drain, AD2 = Southside LS2/39A Drain, ADI = Southside
39 Drain, CS = Crystal Springs Hatchery, RV = Rim View Hatchery, BC = Box Canyon Hatchery.
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139
MACROPHYTE BIOMASS
(g-m-2)
i*tu
-ion _
\£.\J
-inn .
I UU
on
OU
en
OU
on _
£.\J
n ..
.
•
.
.v-
*AG
• AQUA
0
1
Depth (m)
Figure 65. Monthly aquatic macrophyte dry weight biomass (g-m"2) by depth (m) of agriculture (AG)
and aquaculture (AQUA) deposition zones
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140
APPENDIX A:
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
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141
A. In-Field SOP
A. 1. Current Meter (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use a Marsh-McBirney water current meter.
2. Take current readings at each dredge location prior to dredging.
3. Attach electrode to aluminum rod.
4. Place rod in water so that the large part of electrode is facing into the current.
5. Turn meter on and take flow readings in ft/sec within 20 cm of substrate
6. Record on data sheet
A.2. Secchi Disk (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use a standard 20cm secchi disk.
1. Sufficient weight should be added so that the line will remain
vertical in the water.
3. Remove sunglasses.
4. Lower the disk on the shady side of the boat.
5. Record the depth - in meters - at which the disk disappears from
sight.
6. Lower the disk further and then raise slowly.
7. Record the depth at which the disk reappears.
A.3. GPS (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use a Trimble GeoExplorer II or GeoExplorer III GPS unit.
2. Plug battery pack into bottom of unit so green light appears.
3. Push on/off button.
4. When Main menu comes up, choose Data Capture.
5. When Data Capture menu comes up, choose Open Rov. File.
6. Allow 100 satellite readings to occur.
7. Once 100 readings have been taken, choose Close File.
8. When asked if you want to close file, choose Yes.
9. Push on/off button for 5 seconds to turn off.
10. Unplug battery pack to conserve power.
11. Upon return to laboratory, download files.
A.4. Dredging (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use a stainless steel petite Ponar Dredge
2. At each sampling location be sure the boat is securely anchored.
3. Open the dredge and place the set pin. Lower the dredge into the water at a
slow and steady rate to ensure that the dredge remains upright in the water
column.
4. Once the dredge reaches the substrate, release the set pin by releasing
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142
the tension in the rope. Activate the dredge by pulling up on the rope and
continue to pull at a constant rate until the dredge can be lifted from the water
and gently placed in the boat.
5. Before opening dredge, evaluate for degree of disturbance, penetration depth,
and amount of leakage. If the grab is unacceptable, repeat steps 3-5.
6. If dredge is acceptable, proceed with sediment, benthic macroinvertebrate, and
aquatic macrophyte sampling processing.
A.5. Redox Probe (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use an Orion combination redox electrode with an Orion Research meter,
model SA 210.
2. Calibrate before any readings are taken (refer to manual).
3. Remove cap from probe surface, rinse the probe with de-ionized water and
dry with a chem-wipe.
4. Carefully push probe 5 centimeters into sediment.
5. Turn meter on and start the stopwatch.
6. Record reading each minute, for 10 consecutive minutes, as long as there is at
least a 2 mV change from one minute to the next.
7. Once readings are taken, rinse probe with de-ionized water and dry with a
chem-wipe.
8. Place cap back on probe surface and store in a dry place out of the sun until
next use.
A.6. Temperature Probe (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology Lab,
standard protocol)
1. Use a temp/pH electrode with BNC connector attached to an Orion model SA
720 meter.
2. Wash probe with de-ionized water and dry with a Chem-wipe.
3. Carefully push probe 5 centimeters into the sediment.
4. Turn meter on and start the stopwatch.
5. Record reading at 5 minutes.
6. Once readings are taken, rinse probe with de-ionized water and dry with a
Chem-wipe.
7. Store in a dry place out of the sun until next use.
B. Laboratory SOP
B.I. Sediment Particle Size (Analytical Sciences Lab, University of
Idaho)
1. Equipment and Apparatus
A. Analytical Balance
B. 400 mL Nalgene Cups
Polypropylene Beakers order from Fisher catalog # 02-
586-6F.
C. Soil mixer
Barnant General Purpose Mixer order from VWR
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143
catalog # BR700-5400.
D. Hydrometer
Soil Analysis Hydrometer (ASTM 152 H) order from VWR catalog
#34792-001.
E. Hydrometer Cylinder
KIMAX T.C. Soil Testing Cylinder (1130 and 1205 mL) order from
VWR catalog # 34794-007.
F. Thermometer (32 - 85 F)
G. StopWatch
H. Metal Stirring Rod
I. 400 mL Beakers
J. Steam Table or Bath
2. Instrument Operating Parameters
There are no instruments used in this analysis.
3. Reagents
A. Sodium hypochlorite, 5-6% - stock (household bleach)
Purchase from local store.
B. Sodium chloride, IN - Dissolve 58.5 g NaCl in 800 mL
Millipore water. Make to 1 liter volume.
Sodium chloride USP/FCC grade order from VWR
Catalog # JT3628-9.
C. Sodium hexametaphosphate, 5% - Dissolve 50 g sodium
hexametaphosphate in 800 mL Millipore water. Make to
1 liter volume. Sodium hexametaphosphate order from
VWR catalog #JTV030-9.
4. Standards
Standards are not used in this procedure.
5. Sample Preparation
A. Weigh 100 g for sandy soils, 50 g for other soils of air
dried (30 - 40° C), ground, and sieved (2 mm sieve) soil into 4000 mL
nalgene cups.
B. Pretreat soil if necessary. (See "Interferences" below.)
C. Add approximately 200 to 250 mL distilled water.
D. Add 5 mL 5% sodium hexametaphosphate.
E. Stir and allow to set a minimum of 15 minutes.
F. Stir with a mixer 5 minutes for sandy soils and 10
minutes for all other soils.
G. Transfer soil into hydrometer cylinder.
H. Place hydrometer into cylinder and make to proper
volume with distilled water: 1205 mL for sandy soils,
1130 mL for all other soils.
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144
6. Interferences
A. The dispersion process is the single most important step
and the dispersion is dependent on the paddle. Therefore the paddle
should be replaced as soon as it shows sings of wear.
B. The hexametaphosphate loses its dispersing efficiency
after 1 month; make it fresh every time for best results.
C. Organic matter (< 4-5%) may cause erroneous.readings.
If the sample warrants removal of organic matter, do the following:
1. Add 100 mL of sodium hypochlorite (household
bleach) to 50 g of soil in a beaker.
2. Steam heat for 15 minutes.
3. Let soil settle, decant.
4. Wash into hydrometer cup.
5. If a fine-textured soil (clay) is suspected, add 5 mL
of sodium hexametaphosphate.
Continue the normal procedure from this step.
D. If the soil will not disperse, add additional sodium
hexametaphosphate.
E. If the soil is salt-affected and flocculates because of too
much sodium, vacuum filter and wash the soil with IN
NaCl after letting it set overnight in IN NaCl. Wash the
soil off the filter with water into the hydrometer
cylinder. Proceed normally.
F. It is now accepted that calcium carbonate removal
disrupts particle size estimation more than helps it, so unless
requested, do not remove CaCO3.
7. Sample Analysis
A. Remove hydrometer and stir sample thoroughly.
B. Start stopwatch immediately after stirring is completed,
replace hydrometer, and read scale at exactly 40 seconds. Note
beginning time. (When stopwatch is first started. See steps E and F
below).
C. Remove hydrometer, clean and dry.
D. Record temperature of suspension in degrees F.
E. Allow suspension to settle undisturbed for 2 hours from
starting point noted in step B.
F. Replace hydrometer carefully and record reading.
G. Record a second temperature in degrees F.
Notes:
A. When doing several samples, note beginning time and
allow a certain period of time to elapse between each
sample. (Allow enough time to record temperature,
reading, and stir the next sample.) Then at the end of
two hours, read each sample that same time period
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145
apart.
B. The settling process is temperature dependent, so the
analysis should be done in as constant a temperature
area as is available.
8. Calculations
A. Temperature correction:
1. For each degree above 68°F, add 0.2 units to the
reading.
2. For each degree below 68°F, subtract 0.2 units from the
reading.
B. %Sand:
g of soil weighed - corrected 40 sec. reading * = g sand settled
g sand settled AA 0/ ,
— x 100 = % sand
g soil weighed
The hydrometer is calibrated in grams of soil in suspension at the
time the reading is taken. It only takes 40 sec. for the sands to
settle out and leave the silt and clay in suspension.
C. %Clay:
corrected 2 hrreading .... _. ,
x 100 = % clay
g soil weighed
D. %Silt:
100% - % sand - % clay = % silt
9. Quality Control and Reference Material
The accepted limits are two standard deviations from the averages of our
in house references for particle size distribution.
10: Documentation Requirements
The in house reference material results are recorded on the PSD QC
sheet and the PSD benchsheet. The sample PSD values are recorded
onto the PSD benchsheet. The PSD benchsheet can be found at
P:\bench\inorgan\soil\psdbench.xls and the PSD QC sheet can be
found at P:\qcsheets\inorgan\soil\soiltext.xls.
11. Safety and Health
Consult Material Data Safety Sheets for information on
reagents.
12. References
Bouyoncos, George. 1951. A recalibration of the
hydrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soils.
Agron. J. 43:434-438.
Bouyoncos, George. 1962. Hydrometer method improved
for making particle size analysis of soils. Agron. J. 54:464-465.
Day, P.R. 1956. Report of the committee on physical
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146
analysis. 1954-55. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 20:167-169.
Anderson, J.V. 1963. An improved pretreatment for
mineralogical analysis of samples containing organic
matter. Clays CalyMin. 10:380-388.
Omueti, I.A.I. 1980. Sodium hypochlorite treatment for
organic matter destruction in tropical soils of Nigeria.
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:878-880.
13. Validation
The particle size distribution values have a long history of in house
reference quality control.
B.2. Sediment Organic Carbon (Year 2000 sediment only, Analytical Sciences
Lab, University of Idaho)
1. Equipment and Apparatus
A. Analytical Balance
B. 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
KIMAX brand titration flasks order from Fisher catalog
# 10-091C.
C. Thermometer (needs to be able to read at least 150 C)
D. Hot Plate
E. SOmLBuret
2. Instrument Operating Parameters
This is a titration and no instruments are used for this
procedure.
3. Reagents
A. 1 N Potassium Dichromate (K^C^Oy) - Accurately
weigh 98.08 grams of potassium dichromate into approximately 600
mL Millipore water in a 2 L volumetric flask. Make to volume with
Millipore water.
Note: This is a primary standard and must be made with extreme
care to assure a normality of 1.
Potassium Dichromate reagent grade from VWR catalog # JT3090-
5.
B. Sulfuric Acid (F^SC^), concentrated. (It may be
necessary to add 15 g of silver sulfate (Ag2SC>4) per liter of sulfuric
acid to remove the chloride from the soil.)
Sulfuric acid reagent grade order from Fisher catalog # A300-212.
Silver sulfate reagent grade order from Fisher catalog #'s!90-100.
C. Ferrous sulfate, 0.5 N - Dissolve 140 grams reagent grade
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147
in Millipore water. Add 15 mL concentrated H2SO4.
Make to 1 liter. Standardize against 10 mL IN K^C^Oy. Store in a
dark bottle.
Sulfuric acid reagent grade order from Fisher catalog # A300-212.
Iron sulfate reagent grade order from Fisher catalog # 1146-3.
D. Ferroin indicator — dissolve 1.485 grams 1,10-
Phenanthroline and 0.695 grams FeSC^K^O in
Millipore water and dilute to 100 mL. Iron sulfate
reagent grade order from Fisher catalog # 1146-3.
1,10-phenanthroline certified ACS grade order from
Fisher catalog # p70-5.
4. Standards
A blank sample using 10 mL of potassium dichromate should be titrated to
determine the normality of the iron sulfate.
5. Sample Preparation
A. Weigh between 0.10 and 10.00 (± 1%) of dried (30 - 40 C),
ground, and sieved (2 mm sieve) soil into 500 mL
Erlenmeyer flask.
B. Add 10 mL IN ^C^Oy, and swirl.
C. Rapidly add 20 mL concentrated H2SO4 and heat to
150°Cinahood.
D. Allow to cool 30 minutes and then add 200 mL
distilled water.
6. Sample Analysis
A. Add 3-4 drops ferroin indicator and titrate from a dark
green to red endpoint using FeSCty.
B. Titrate a blank to standardize K^C^Oy.
C. Repeat with less soil if over 75% of the dichromate is reduced or with
more soil if under 20% of the dichromate is reduced.
7. Calculations
A.
[(ml KiCnOi* N foCnOi) - (ml FeSO* * N Fe£O4)](0.003)(l 00)
(_X • O • /O I-I.--TV -I"'.- '- rT, , . .... .. .. . .m—, ...,..-..__,,. , ,,, ^ T
gsoil
f= An average correction factor (Use 1.12 unless otherwise requested.)
8. Quality Control and Reference Material
The accepted limits are two standard deviations from the averages of our
in house references for the titrimetric organic carbon test. The QC charts
for the titrimetric organic carbon test are located at:
P:\qccharts\inorgan\soils\titr\oc\oc.xls, poc.xlc, and soc.xlc.
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148
9. Documentation Requirements
The in house reference material results are recorded on the titrimetric
organic carbon QC sheet and the titrimetric organic carbon benchsheet.
The sample organic carbon values are recorded onto the titrimetric organic
carbon benchsheet. The titrimetric organic carbon benchsheet can be
found at P:\bench\inorgan\soil\omhbench.xls and the titrimetric organic
carbon QC sheets can be found at P:\qcsheets\inorgan\soil\orgmatti.xls.
10. Safety and Health
A. Handle the potassium dichromate with care. Read the MSDS before
using the potassium dichromate.
B. Acids are corrosive.
11. Reference
Allison, L.E. 1965. Organic Carbon. In: C.A. Black (Ed.)
Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Agronomy 9:1346-1365.
12. Validation
The organic carbon values are checked quarterly by the Western States Agricultural Exchange
Program.
B.3 Sediment Carbon & Nitrogen (Analytical Sciences Lab, University
of Idaho)
1. Equipment and Apparatus
A. Instrument
1. LECO® Combustion Analyzer CNS-2000
2. Denver Instrument Company Analytical Balance
B. Miscellaneous
1. Weigh boats
2. Combustion Aid for Liquids
3. Combustion Aid for Solids
2. Instrument Operating Parameters
A. External gas tanks: Nitrogen 40 psi; Helium 40 psi; Oxygen 40 psi.
B. System and analysis parameters will be determined by the particular
CNS method.
3. Reagents
A. Anhydrone
B. Lecosorb
C. Copper Turnings and Copper Sticks
D. N-Catalyst
4. Standards
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149
A. Sulfa-methazine (CNS)
B. House Reference Grass
C. House Reference Soil
D. EDTA(CN)
5. Blank Correction
A. Before the analysis of samples, 6 blank weigh boats are
analyzed to determine the background carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
levels present in the combustion gases and the CNS system.
B. Add six blanks to the weight list by selecting the blanks ID code from
the analyze menu. The manual weight icon will allow the operator to
change the weight, 0.2g is used as a blank weight and is the default
weight. The sample ID and weight can be repeatedly entered into the
weight table by pressing the enter key.
C. After the six blank analyses have been completed, touch the calibrate
menu, touch the blanks icon and select "Carbon, Sulfur, and
Nitrogen" from the pop-up window. Touch the t or the I key to
move the cursor and locate the blanks just analyzed. Touch the
"Include Results" to highlight the six blanks. Touch "Process
Results" to calculate new blank values for carbon, nitrogen, and
sulfur.
6. Sample Preparation
A. Solid Samples
1. Dry plant and soil samples in the drying ovens located in room
#7.
2. Grind samples.
3. Weigh sample into weigh boats, approximately 100 mg for
plants, 200 mg for standards and soil samples. Weigh boats are
recycled after CNS analysis. Boats are scraped out with a
spatula and stored in a dessicator located in the inorganic
laboratory.
4. Record the UIASL Sample Number, and sample weight on the
bench sheet.
5. Duplicate every tenth sample.
6. The autoloader tray contains 49 spaces for weigh boats: 5 for
standards and references and 44 for samples.
7. When weigh boats are placed in the autoloader, carefully move
weigh boats to disperse sample material throughout the bottom
of the weigh boat. Sample material should be distributed
evenly on the bottom of the boats to facilitate complete
combustion. The weigh boats are placed with the round end
facing towards the front to the autosampler. (The front of the
autosampler is labeled "FRONT" with permanent marker.)
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150
B. Liquid Samples
1. Use "Corn-Aid for solids" for all liquid samples.
2. Before analyzing liquids, the weigh boats must be lined with an
aluminum liner that can be purchased from LECO®.
7. Sample Analysis
A. To record sample identification and weights to be analyzed, touch the
"Analyze" menu icon. Sample identifications and weights are added
by touching the Login-sample window. A keyboard window will
pop-up and the sample identification can be entered. The manual
weight icon is then selected and a numerical keypad is displayed for
entry of the sample weight.
B. Sulfamethazine, EDTA, references, and blanks already have
identification codes assigned to them. To add one of these samples to
the weight list, touch the ID code icon. Select the appropriate
standard or reference from the alphabetical list. Exit the ID-code
window, and change the weight using the manual weight icon.
C. All samples are analyzed in the order they are placed in the sample
weights list.
D. After sample Identification's, weights, references and
Sulfamethazine are recorded in the weight list. Touch the analyze
icon. The autoloader window will appear and the cursor can be
moved to the first position of the auto loader and the analysis will
start.
8. Sample Weight List
A. From the reports menu, touch "Sample Weights" to view, modify, or
print the list of samples, standards, and references entered and ready
for analysis. Sulfamethazine will have a STANDARD designation in
the third column of the ID code column.
B. A standard ID code must be used in order to use the results for
calibration. Check the weight list to confirm that Sulfamethazine is
specified as a standard in the run list.
9. Drift Correction
A. Drift correction should be performed on a daily basis. The calibration
of the instrument was performed during the manufacturing process,
unless the CNS was serviced or major parts have been changed - only
drift correction is necessary. Drift correction is used to compensate
for changes in the analyzer's environment that takes place during
normal operation.
B. Touch "Drift Correction" from the Calibrate menu. Then select
"Carbon, Sulfur, and Nitrogen" from the pop-up window. Touch the
T or the -I key to move the cursor, once the appropriate
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151
sulfamethazine standards have been located for that particular run,
touch the "Include Results" key to highlight.
C. Touch the "Process Results" key to calculate the new calibration
values.
10. Result Recalculation
A. The results are reprocessed with the new calibration values. From the
Calibrate menu, touch the "Recalculate Results". Select "Carbon,
Sulfur, and Nitrogen" from the pop-up window. Touch "Include
Results" to highlight the samples that need to be recalculated. Touch
"Process Results" to have the results recalculated and printed out.
11. Quality Control and Reference Material
A. QCData
1. Fill out QC data sheets for sulfamethazine and reference
samples.
2. House reference material: grass, soil, and oil. If results are
within 2 standard deviations of in-house averages of all
elements, analysis has passed QC.
B. Quality Assurance
1. All quality control samples, duplicates, etc. are recorded on the
QC report.
12. Safety and Health
A. Reagents are strongly basic, use appropriate techniques.
B. Consult MSDS file for information on reagents.
13. Documentation Requirements
A. Routine and non-routine maintenance entries should be
recorded at the time of performance in the "LECO® CNS-2000
Maintenance Logbook" which is stored near the instrument in room
24. Refer to SOP.52.030, LECO® CNS-2000 Operation, Calibration
and Maintenance for routine and non-routine procedures.
B. Bench sheet is located at
P:\BENCH\CNS\BENCH.XLS.MATRIX.
C. QC report is located at P:\QCREPORT\CNSQC.DOC.
D. CNS equipment SOP is at
P:\SOP\EQUIP\INORGAN\CNSLECO.DOC.
14. References
A. LECO® Corporation, 1998. CNS-2000 Instrumentation for
Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Materials and
Microstructural Analysis. CNS-2000 Instructional Manual.
LECO® Corporation, 3000 Lakeview Ave. St. Joseph, Michigan
49085.
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152
B.4. Sediment Trace Elements (Analytical Sciences Lab, University
of Idaho)
Element
Aluminum
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Line
A13
Bal
Bel
Cdl
Ca3
Cr3
Col
Cul
Fe2
Pbl
Mgl
Wavelength
308.215 nm
455.403 nm
3 13.042 nm
2 14.438 nm
31 7.933 nm
206.1 49 nm
228.616 nm
324.754 nm
259.940 nm
220.353 nm
279.553 nm
Method
Detection limit
ug/g
19
0.16
0.017
0.35
28
1.1
1.1
1.0
10
5.5
5.2
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Sulfur
Zinc
Mnl
Mol
Ni3
PI
Kl
Na2
SI
Znl
257.610 nm
202.030 nm
231. 604 nm
213.618 nm
766.490 nm
589.592 nm
1 80.669 nm
213.856 nm
0.52
3.9
.45
8.3
120
30
48
0.74
A representative 1 g to 2 g (wet weight) sample of sludge or waste or LOO g (dry weight) of soil
is digested in nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide at 150 C. The digestate is then refluxed at 150 C
•with hydrochloric acid, filtered if necessary and analyzed for Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe,
Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, K, Na, S, P, and Zn by ICPES. A separate sample can be dried for a total
solids determination of sludges and other wastes.
Interferences:
Sludge samples can contain diverse matrix types, each of which may present its own analytical
challenge. Spiked samples and any relevant standard reference material should be processed to
aid in determining whether Method 3050 is applicable to a given waste.
1. Equipment and Apparatus
A. Tecator Digestion Tubes: Volumetric, 75 mL
B. Tecator Model 1040 Digestor block and controller
C. Thermometer: That covers range of 1 to 200°C.
D. Whatman No. 41 filter paper (or equivalent)
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153
2.
E. Drying oven: Maintained at 30°C.
F. Glass or Polyethylene funnels
G. Whatman No. 934-AH Glass Microfibre Filters -11.0 cm
diameter. Order from Fisher Catalog # 1827-110.
Instrumental Parameters
A. ICP Operating Parameters
POWER
COOLANT
NEBULIZER
AUXILIARY
PUMP RATE
AUTOSTART COOLANT
1.0 KW
13LPM
40PSI
0.4 LPM
1 .3 mL/min
11 LPM
B. Further Operating Parameters
Number of integrations
Uptake Time
Scan integration time
Weight correction
Dilution correction
Interelement correction
Peaking Line
Backround integration = peak
Line Integration
Uv PMT Gain
Visible PMT Gain
2
35 sec
2 sec
Y
Y
N
SI
Y
3 sec
3
3
C. Standards and Check Standards
ELEMEN
T
Ca
Mg
K
STANDARD-
CHECK
STANDARD #1 *
ug/mL
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
STANDARD-
CHECK
STANDARD #2 *
ug/mL
100.00+20%
100.00+20%
100.00+20%
STANDARD-
CHECK
STANDARD #3 *
ug/mL
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154
Na
Zn
Mn
Cu
Fe
P
S
Pb
Al
Cr
Cd
Ba
Ni
Co
Be
Mo
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
0.0000+1.0000
100.00+20%
5.0000+20%
5.0000+20%
5.0000+20%
100.00+20%
10.000+20%
10.000+20%
10.000+20%
100.00+20%
1.0000+20%
1.0000+20%
5.0000+20%
1.0000+20%
1.0000+20%
1.0000+20%
1.0000+20%
*Limits only apply to check standards (standard'#2 for Ca is JOOppm, while
checkstandard #2 for Ca should read within 20% oflOOppm), blanks
should be within l.OOOppm of being zero.
Check Standard #1 is run every 14 samples
Check standards #2 and #3 are run every 7 samples
3. Reagents
A. 18 M Ohm Water
B. Concentrated nitric acid, Trace Metal grade (HNC«3)
C. Concentrated hydrochloric acid, Trace Metal grade (HC1)
D. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (H2O2)
4. Standards
Use AESAR TCP grade standards from the list above in part B of section
2.
5. Sample Preparation and Analysis
A. Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling
1. All samples must have been collected using a
sampling plan that addresses the considerations
discussed in
chapter 9 of EPA Test Methods.
2. All sample containers and glassware used in the
analysis must be prewashed with detergents, acids and Type II
water. The 75 mL digestion tubes should be washed, acid
rinsed and acid refluxed. (See SOP 30.300.10.) Plastic and
glass containers are both suitable for sample collection and
storage.
-------
155
3. Nonaqeuous samples shall be refrigerated in the cold room
upon receipt and analyzed as soon as possible. Soil samples
should be dried at 40°C for at least 8 hours and then ground
and passed through a 20 mesh screen. Samples that have been
digested should be stored in the cold room at 4°C.
B. Procedure
1. Sample Preparation
a. Mix the sample thoroughly to achieve
homogeneity. For each digestion procedure, weigh to
the nearest 0.003 g and transfer to a digestion tube a
1.00-g to 2.00-g portion of sample. (1.00 g of oven
dried and ground soil).
b. Add 7.5 mL of HNO3, mix the slurry, and place the
tube in the digester block. Heat the sample to 150°C
and reflux until NC>2 (brown-orange) flames are no
longer evolving from the digestion tubes. Note:
Samples with high organic matter should sit overnight
(covered) before heating.
c. After digestion has been completed, slowly add 1 mL of
30% H2O2- Care must be taken to ensure that losses do
not occur due to excessively vigorous effervescence.
d. Continue to add 30% H2O2 in 1-mL aliquots with
warming until the effervescence is minimal or until the
general sample appearance is unchanged. NOTE: Do
not add more than a total of 7.5 mL 30% H2O2-
e. If the sample is being prepared for the ICP analysis
of Al, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Mo,
Ni, K, Na,S,P, and Zn, add 7.5 mL of concentrated HC1,
return the digestion tubes to the heating block and
reflux for an additional 2 hours. After cooling, dilute to
75 mL with 18 MOhm water and invert to mix.
Particulates in the digestate that may clog the nebulizer
should be removed by filtration, by centrifugation or by
allowing the sample to settle.
f. Filtration: Filter through Whatman No. 934-AH Glass
Microfibre filters (or equivalent).
g. The diluted sample has an approximate acid
concentration of 10.0% (v/v) HNC>3 and 10.0% (v/v)
HC1. The sample is now ready for analysis by optical
emission ICP spectroscopy.
6. Calculations
A. The concentrations determined for soils are on a dry v/eight basis
since the samples have been dried and ground.
-------
156
B. The concentrations determined for sludges and other waste materials
are to be reported on the basis of the actual weight of the sample. If a
dry weight analysis is desired, then the percent solids of the sample
must also be provided.
C. If percent solids is desired, a separate determination of percent solids
must be performed on a homogeneous aliquot of the sample.
D. All numbers output by the ICP will have been adjusted for weight and
dilutions by the software.
7. Quality Control and Reference Material
A. Quality Control to be used
1. For each group of samples processed, preparation
blanks (reagents) should be carried throughout the
entire sample preparation and analytical process.
These blanks will be useful in determining if
samples are being contaminated.
2. Duplicate samples should be processed on a
routine basis. Duplicate samples will be used to determine
precision. The sample load will dictate the frequency, but 10%
is recommended.
3. Spiked samples or standard reference materials
must be employed to determine accuracy. A spike sample
should be included with each group of samples processed and
whenever a new sample matrix is being analyzed. Standard
reference materials and in house QC should be included. SRM
2704 Buffalo River Sediment,SRM 2709 San Joaquin Baseline
reference, SRM 2710 Montana Soil Highly Elevated, SRM
2711 Montana Soil Moderately Elevated are recommended for
soils digests and other appropriate SRM materials should be
selected which correspond to the matrix of the samples
digested.
4. The concentration of all calibration standards should be
verified against a quality control check sample obtained from
an outside source.
5. Quarterly QC charts can be found for the 3050 method at
P:\qccharts\inorg\soils\icp\3050\*.
8. Documentation Requirements
Instrument calibrations for 3050 screen are recorded in the ICP log book
which is located next to the ICP in the ICP room. The reference material
results are recorded on the 3050 QC sheet and are also on the ICP print
out. The sample 3050 values are printed on the ICP print out. The 3050
bench sheet can be found at P:\bench\inorg\soil\3050.xls and the 3050 QC
sheet can be found at P:\qcreport\soil\3050.doc.
9. Safety and Health .
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157
A. Consult Material Safety Data Sheets for information on
reagents.
B. The heating block and the tubes are very hot during the
digestion.
C. Acids are very corrosive.
D. Hydrogen Peroxide is a very strong oxidizing agent and
is very reactive when first added to the sample tubes.
10. Method Performance
A. University of Idaho Analytical Laboratory Instrument Limit of
Detection
Element
P
K
Cu
Zn
Mn
Fe
Na
Al
Mo
Be
ug/mL
0.1 1
1.6
0.013
0.0099
0.0069
0.14
0.41
0.26
0.052
0.0002
Element
Cr
Pb
Ca
Mg
Cd
S
Ni
Co
Ba
As
Ug/mL
0.015
0.074
0.37
0.069
0.0047
0.64
0.0060
0.015
0.0022
0.18
11. References
A. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Volume 1 A:
Laboratory Manual, Physical/Chemical Methods, PB88-239223,
Part 1 of 4, Nov 86, USEPA
12. Validation
The 3050 method.uses certified soil references and in house references for
quality control.
B.5. Sediment Isotope Analysis (University of Idaho, Stable Isotope
Lab)
1. Use Elemental Analyzer online with a Delta Plus Isotope Ratio mass Spec.
2. Follow standard protocol unique to the operating machine for
determining ratios of 13C/12C and 15N/14N
B.6. Aquatic Macrophyte Identification (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology
Lab, standard protocol)
1. Remove aquatic macrophyte samples from freezer, place in a large tray,
and allow to thaw in the refrigerator for twenty-four hours.
2. Using a dissecting microscope, identify samples to the lowest possible taxon
according to Hitchcock's, The Flora of the Pacific Northwest.
3. Sort identified samples by taxon to species.
4. Remove any additional woody debris in the sample.
-------
158
B.7. Aquatic Macrophyte Oven Dry Weight (University of Idaho, Aquatic
Ecology Lab, standard protocol)
1. Record all taxon weights to 0.01 g
2. Record weight of a clean aluminum tare and tare number in
Aquatic Macrophyte Biomass Notebook.
3. Place sorted aquatic macrophyte sample into spinner.
4. Spin each sorted sample for 45 seconds to remove excess water.
5. Remove aquatic macrophyte sample from spinner and put into an appropriate
pre - weighed aluminum tare.
6. Weigh the tare & sample and record in the Wet Weight Column of data sheet.
7. Place tares into drying oven at 105° C for twenty - four hours.
8. After twenty - four hours, turn off oven. (Do not open oven
while it is on, the opening of the oven will cause a draft and you
may lose some of the samples.)
9. Remove tares and place in desiccator and allow to cool for one
hour.
10. Weigh each sample to 0.01 and record in the Oven Dry Weight
(OD W) Column of data sheet.
B.8. Aquatic Macrophyte Ash Free-Oven Dry Weight (University of Idaho,
Aquatic Ecology Lab, standard protocol)
1. Place weighed ODW samples into furnace for 6 hours at 550 °C.
2. Turn off oven.
3. Remove samples from oven and allow to cool.
4. Wet samples with dd ionized water to reconstitute sublimated
carbonates.
5. Place in drying oven at 105° C for 24 hours.
6. Allow samples to cool in desiccator for ten minutes.
7. Record weight of sample under Ash Free Oven Dry Weight Column
(AFODW) of data sheet.
B.9. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sorting (University of Idaho, Aquatic Ecology
Lab, standard protocol)
1. Rinse sample of Ethyl alcohol + glycerin preservative with double de-ionized
water in a No 20 Sieve (0.25 mm).
2. Excess alcohol should be collected in a glass bottle for proper
wasted disposal.
3. Place rinsed organisms on a Pyrex watch glass.
B. 10. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Identification (University of Idaho, Aquatic
Ecology Lab, standard protocol)
1. Using a dissecting scope, identify invertebrates to the lowest possible taxon
according to Merritt and Cummins, Aquatic Insects of North America.
2. Do not count exuvia.
3. If organism is fragmented, only count the head parts.
-------
159
4. Separate each taxonomic group and place in a correctly marked
vial that contains sufficient amount of Ethyl alcohol + glycerin.
5. Record the number of organisms in each group on data sheet.
6. Place vials in finished box. Use a rubber band or masking tape
to ensure that vials from one sampling location are kept
together.
8. Return data sheet to Macroinvertebrate Project Notebook.
-------
160
APPENDIX B:
SEDIMENT STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS
-------
161
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in atomic mass (specifically, number
of neutrons). Stable carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (I5N/I4N) isotope ratios have been used as
indicators of paleoproductivity (Schelske and Hodell 1991; Schelske and Hodell 1995), primary
production in lentic environments (Gu et al. 1996; Owen et al. 1999), fish migration (Kline et al.
1998), and food web relationships or food sources (Hesslein et al. 1991). Stable isotope ratios
can be very useful in labeling biological material due to the natural isotope gradients that exist in
nature (Kline et al. 1998).
Of particular interest is the use of stable isotope ratios to separate biological material
from terrestrial and marine origins. Stable isotopes can be used to differentiate marine-derived
nutrients from terrestrial nutrients because heavier isotopes (13C and 15N) are more common in
marine environments. Winter et al. (2000) described the use of stable isotopes in assessing the
effects of anadromous salmonids on the incorporation of marine-derived nutrients to rivers and
streams. Nutrients from anadromous salmonids are marine-derived, allowing their contribution
to be traced within the terrestrial environment. Many aquaculture operations in the middle Snake
River utilize marine-derived nutrients in their food resources. As a result, heavier isotopes of
carbon and nitrogen (marine-derived), transported to the river in aquaculture discharges, could
provide a stable isotope ratio that is distinguishable from agricultural (terrestrially-derived)
carbon and nitrogen.
Ratios of stable isotopes are often expressed relative to international standards (air for
nitrogen and Peedee belemnite limestone (PDB) for carbon) and are reported in standard delta
notation. For example, carbon stable isotope ratios are reported using the following expression:
-------
162
g!3p _ 13o/12(~, . 1.1 v 1 000
Vx Vx/ . y rS3.tnDiC I jvv/v
la/-!/^^
^ C/ CPDB
Our purpose in using stable isotope ratios in the middle Snake River study was twofold.
First, we wanted to determine whether distinct isotope signatures were evident between sediment
organic matter sampled upstream and sediment organic matter sampled downstream of industry
discharges (agriculture and aquaculture separately). Second, we wanted to determine whether
distinct signatures were evident between sediment organic matter sampled downstream of
aquaculture discharges and sediment organic matter sampled downstream of agriculture
discharges. If distinguishable differences were found, stable isotopes might be used to assess the
organic contribution of each industry to the middle Snake River.
METHODS
Sediment sampled upstream and downstream of six discharges to the middle Snake River
(three agriculture, three aquaculture) in 2000 and 2001 were processed at the University of Idaho
Stable Isotope Laboratory using an Elemental Analyzer online with a Delta Plus Isotope Ratio
mass spectrometer. Only sediment containing greater than 0.04 % nitrogen could be processed
due to laboratory equipment requirements. Processed data in raw form are shown in Tables 23
and 24 for 2000 and 2001, respectively.
First, deposition zone sediments below industry discharges were compared to control
zone sediments of industry discharges (agriculture and aquaculture kept separate). Processed
carbon isotope ratios (513C) of each sample were plotted against the respective nitrogen isotope
ratios (515N) of each sample. Resulting relationships were analyzed for distinct signatures, or
groups of plotted points based on zone of sampling (control vs. deposition).
-------
163
Second, deposition zone sediments of agriculture discharges were compared to deposition
zone sediments of aquaculture discharges by plotting processed carbon isotope ratios (813C) of
each sample against their respective nitrogen isotope ratios (515N). Resulting relationships were
analyzed for distinct signatures, or groups of plotted points, based on industry type (agriculture
or aquaculture).
RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS
Distinct signatures, or distinct groups of plotted points, were not apparent when comparing
control zone sediment to deposition zone sediment for either industry in 2000 (Figures 66 and
67) or 2001 (Figures 68 and 69). Distinct signatures, or groups of plotted points, were not
apparent when comparing deposition zone sediment of agriculture discharges to deposition zone
sediment of aquaculture discharges in 2000 or 2001 (Figures 70 and 71).
We conclude that carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of middle Snake River sediment
were similar upstream and downstream of the six discharges.
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164
REFERENCES
Gu, B., C.L. Schelske, and M. Brenner. 1996. Relationship between sediment and
plankton isotope ratios (813C and 815N) and primary productivity in Florida Lakes. Can.
J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 53: 875-883.
Hesslein, R.H., M.J. Capel, D.E. Fox, and K.A. Mallard. 1991. Stable isotopes of sulfur,
carbon, and nitrogen as indicators of trophic level and fish migration in the lower
Mackenzie River basin, Canada. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48: 2258-2265.
Kline, T.C., Jr., W.J. Wilson, and J.J. Goering. 1998. Natural isotope indicators offish
migration at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55: 1494-1502.
Owen, J.S., M.J. Mitchell, and R.H. Michener. 1999. Stable nitrogen and carbon
isotopic composition of seston and sediment in two Adirondack lakes. Can. J. Fish.
Aquat. Sci. 56:2186-2192.
Schelske, C.L., and D.A. Hodell. 1991. Recent changes in productivity and climate of
Lake Ontario detected by isotopic analysis of sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36(5): 961-
975.
Schelske, C.L., and D.A. Hodell. 1995. Using carbon isotopes of bulk sedimentary
organic matter to reconstruct the history of nutrient loading and eutrophication in Lake
Erie. Limnol. Oceanogr. 40(5): 918-929.
Winter, B.D., R. Reisenbichler and E. Schreiner. 2000. The importance of marine-
derived nutrients for ecosystem health and productive fisheries. Olympic National Park,
National Park Service. U.S. Department of the Interior. 32 pages.
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165
Table 23. 513C and 515N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediments, 2000.
Date
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
07/25/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
07/26/00
07/26/00
07/26/00
07/26/00
07/26/00
07/26/00
09/22/00
09/22/00
09/22/00
09/22/00
09/22/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
07/27/00
07/27/00
07/27/00
07/27/00
07/27/00
07/27/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
Site
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge #
5
6
10
12
13
14
15
16
1
2
4
8
9
2
6
2
3
5
6
13
16
1
3
5
6
10
4
5
2
3
5
7
11
14
2
4
7
1
2
3
4.
7
3
4
5
6
7
8
Location
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
d"NAlR
6.23
5.85
5.98
5.83
4.91
4.44
4.92
4.18
5.77
5.77
6.50
4.49
5.26
5.57
5.55
5.95
5.98
5.91
6.14
4.15
4.91
6.23
5.29
6.06
5.83
6.25
6.27
6.19
5.73
5.80
5.14
5.57
4.41
5.39
5.32
5.61
5.92
5.86
5.85
5.65
5.16
6.16
6.10
5.81
5.87
5.02
5.02
6.37
%N
0.139
0.121
0.092
0.075
0.081
0.091
0.100
0.103
0.069
0.103
0.078
0.067
Oi088
0.061
0.056
0.075
0.082
0.095
0.102
0.063
0.066
0.061
0.084
0.074
0.069
0.062
0.133
0.110
0.094
0.076
0.070
0.084
0.064
0.059
0.100
0.071
0.066
0.138
0.088
0.064
0.076
0.066
0.144
0.134
0.164
0.137
0.138
0.142
d CPDB, ( O corrected)
-16.44
-15.95
-14.88
-13.80
-14.03
-15.05
-15.30
-16.18
-13.10
-13.56
-13.72
-13.59
-13.98
-14.61
-12.74
-12.38
-12.98
-14.18
-15.58
-13.27
-13.20
-11.43
-11.93
-11.86
-11.59
-12.05
-14.67
-13.42
-15.84
-14.27
-14.51
-16.13
-15.95
-10.51
-14.06
-14.82
-14.26
-15.10
-15.19
-14.88
-15.08
-12.07
-15.28
-15.27
-15.57
-15.65
-15.69
-16.52
%C
2.33
2.12
1.84
1.36
1.44
1.47
1.54
1.62
1.43
1.88
1.28
1.39
1.56
1.28
1.29
1.67
1.61
1.73
1.74
1.45
1.55
1.30
1.62
1.45
1.47
1.46
2.28
1.93
1.80
1.42
1.36
1.62
1.19
1.34
2.29
1.40
1.24
2.12
1.57
1.21
1.46
1.38
2.40
2.19
2.47
2.32
2.39
2.33
-------
166
Table 23 (continued). 513C and 815N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment, 2000.
Date
. 07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
07/23/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
07/24/00
07/24/00
07/24/00
07/24/00
09/20/00
09/20/00
09/20/00
09/20/00
09/20/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
07/28/00
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
Dredge #
10
11
12
13
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
1
10
13
14
1
2
6
7
10
3
6
2
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Location
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
d18NAiR
5.02
5.39
3.63
4.70
6.29
5.37
6.23
5.84
5.98
4.86
5.61
4.04
5.46
5.56
6.39
6.28
5.87
6.02
5.99
5.47
3.11
5.33
5.86
6.20
4.47
4.46
5.42
6.04
6.17
5.52
5.50
6.38
6.05
5.04
5.02
4.01
5.21
5.27
4.81
4.51
6.12
4.49
%N
0.273
0.128
0.047
0.067
0.177
0.094
0.107
0.113
0.170
0.139
0.104
0.130
0.072
0.103
0.118
0.131
0.144
0.162
0.243
0.183
0.133
0.142
0.083
0.000
0.075
0.052
0.060
0.051
0.092
0.040
0.058
0.065
. 0.099
0.075
0.055
0.232
0.200
0.164
0.136
0.170
0.088
0.127
d CPDB, ( 0 corrected)
-17.44
-15.01
-11.79
-13.29
-15.95
-13.10
-15.36
-13.98
-15.99
-14.99
-14.57
-15.17
-12.52
-12.77
-14.85
-15.81
-15.87
-16.05
-16.56
-15.93
-15.41
-16.46
-14.13
-11.15
-13.14
-13.12
-13.46
-13.18
-14.85
-9.27
-13.87
-13.29
- -16.51
-13.18
-11.92
-17.50
-16.67
-14.60
-16.81
-13.94
-13.61
-14.98
%C
3.34
1.91
0.73
0.89
2.37
1.95
1.73
2.24
2.61
2.42
1.86
1.51
0.95
2.01
1.93
2.03
2.25
2.48
3.12
2.36
1.45
1.73
1.40
1.11
1.37
0.76
1.10
0.83
1.25
0.87
0.74
1.21
1.48
1.47
1.14
3.11
2.41
2.19
2.14
2.91
1.30
1.95
-------
167
Table 23 (continued). 513C and 515N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment, 2000.
Date
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
09/21/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
10/26/00
Site
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
Dredge #
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Location
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
dieNAiR
5.81
5.99
5.15
4.49
4.15
4.77
4.76
4.28
5.23
6.29
6.14
4.68
5.67
5.41
4.85
5.11
4.81
%N
0.113
0.123
0.055
0.031
0.130
0.235
0.202
0.188
0.068
0.245
0.262
0.143
0.098
0.212
0.166
0.267
0.138
d CPOB, ( 0 corrected)
-13.96
-13.97
-10.56
-8.37
-15.49
-17.82
-15.18
-15.86
-11.59
-15.87
-15.64
-14.80
-12.75
-16.45
-15.20
-16.62
-14.00
%C
1.97
1.98
1.09
0.77
1.99
3.38
2.82
2.58
1.01
3.84
3.71
2.48
1.90
3.08
2.58
3.49
2.42
-------
168
Table 24. 513C and 815N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment, 2001.
Date
06/11/01
06/11/01
06/11/01
06/11/01
06/11/01
06/11/01
06/30/01
06/30/01
06/30/01
06/11/01
06/12/01
06/12/01
06/12/01
06/12/01
07/02/01
07/02/01
06/12/01
06/13/01
06/13/01
06/13/01
06/13/01
06/13/01
06/13/01
07/03/01
07/03/01
08/24/01
08/24/01
09/15/01
06/06/01
06/06/01
06/06/01
06/06/01
06/06/01
06/07/01
06/07/01
06/07/01
06/07/01
06/07/01
Site
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD1
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge #
3
4
6
7
8
12
1
2
3
6
9
10
11
12
11
12
1
3
4
8
10
11
12
1
4
9
11
3
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
10
11
12
Location
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
d1DNAiR
5.65
5.67
4.67
5.13
3.89
4.69
5.60
5.63
5.82
4.66
5.48
6.20
5.89
5.32
5.90
5.87
5.34
5.54
5.82
4.93
5.63
5.84
5.59
6.01
5.76
5.51
5.31
5.22
4.18
4.75
4.69
5.02
3.38
4.63
4.93
5.95
5.58
6.34
%N
0.057
0.074
0.059
0.079
0.056
0.048
0.048
0.081
0.053
0.050
0.116
0.131
0.151
0.079
0:096
0.068
0.055
0.077
0.134
0.036
0.126
0.125
0.124
0.131
0.060
0.105
0.109
0.206
0.106
0.186
0.131
0.153
0.075
0.123
0.080
0.159
0.217
0.215
d10CpDB, f'Ocorrected)
-11.97
. -13.59
-13.14
-14.05
-11.32
-12.76
-12.40
-14.09
-12.48
-11.14
-13.75
-15.01 •
-14.61
-13.72
-13.46
-12.61
-15.17
-13.63
-15.58
-11.77
-15.92
-15.53
-15.18
-16.94
-13.32
-15.04
-15.12
-15.30
-15.58
-16.15
-16.04
-16.73
-14.30
-15.51
-13.81
-15.47
-16.38
-16.04
%C
1.31
1.53
1.24
1.45
1.09
1.02
1.09
1.58
1.12
1.16
1.88
2.08
2.46
1.38
1.75
1.34
1.18
1.51
2.35
0.65
2.18
2.03
1.99
2.46
1.26
1.82
1.92
2.90
1.22
2.24
1.56
1.83
0.84
1.35
0.92
2.50
2.92
3.25
-------
169
Table 24 (continued). 613C and 8I5N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment, 2001.
Date
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
06/28/01
08/20/01
09/09/01
09/09/01
09/09/01
09/09/01
09/09/01
09/09/01
10/08/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
06/10/01
07/01/01
07/01/01
07/01/01
07/01/01
07/01/01
08/21/01
08/21/01
08/21/01
09/12/01
09/12/01
09/12/01
09/12/01
09/12/01
10/10/01
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
CS
Dredge #
1
' 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
11
12
1
4
8
9
10
11
12
2
1
2
3
4
6
8
12
2
5
7
11
12
6
7
8
1
4
5
7
8
7
Location
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
d18NA.R
4.39
4.72
4.00
4.69
4.93
4.91
4.69
5.06
7.55
6.33
5.06
5.15
4.65
5.05
5.10
6.15
5.96
5.59
5.82
5.78
5.28
5.52
5.47
5.38
5.63
5.35
5.55
5.77
5.93
5.00
5.19
5.54
4.63
5.82
5.55
5.35
5.18
5.62
5.75
%N
0.121
0.137
0.154
0.169
0.119
0.075
0.102
0.160
0.189
0.127
0.155
0.228
0.083
0.085
0.135
0.108
0.128
0.174
0.117
0.092
0.134
0.143
0.261
0.215
0.063
0.066
0.152
0.118
0.031
0.036
0.225
0.202
0.146
0.063
0.078
0.168
0.199
0.192
0.064
d CPDB, ( 0 corrected)
-15.36
-16.79
-15.62
-15.80
-16.36
-16.60
-15.99
-16.13
-19.06
-16.80
-17.37
-16.84
-13.37
-15.22
-15.44
-15.29
. -14.09
-15.26
-13.28
-13.22
-15.96
-15.13
-17.10
-17.34
-14.22
-14.01
-15.39
-15.00
-9.41
-10.00
-16.57
-15.91
-14.75
-14.03
-13.87
.-15.84
-17.81
-16.97
-12.60
%C
1.37
1.80
1.73
1.91
1.42
0.89
1.25
1.74
2.98
2.07
1.58
2.73
0.97
0.93
2.02
1.81.
2.17
2.12
2.03
1.66
2.34
2.43
3.34
2.82
1.27
1.12
2.11
1.78
0.77
0.77
3.01
2.94
1.99
1.20
1.37
2.35
2.79
2.64
1.19
-------
170
Table 24 (continued). 813C and 5I5N stable isotope analysis of middle Snake River sediment, 2001.
Date
06/07/01
06/08/01
06/09/01
06/09/01
06/09/01
06/09/01
06/09/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
06/29/01
08/19/01
08/19/01
08/19/01
08/19/01
08/19/01
08/19/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
09/11/01
10/09/01
Site
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
RV
Dredge #
2
4
6
7
8
10
12
1
2
3
4
7
8
10
12
2
3
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
Location
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
d10NAiR
4.98
3.93
4.59
5.17
5.38
6.39
4.71
4.91
5.24
5.19
6.36
5.32
4.52
5.96
6.05
5.52
5.14
5.25
4.17
5.59
5.44
5.72
5.63
5.66
4.68 -
5.27
5.44
5.18
6.09
5.81
6.28
5.47
%N d
0.219
0.205
0.231
0.176
0.202
0.087
0.044
0.104
0.171
0.193
0.097
0.179
0.121
0.054
0.071
0.150
0.089
0.134
0.187
0.247
0.140
0.186
0.132
0.115
0.133
0.070
0.100
0.098
0.155
0.098
0.132
0.121
"CpoB.rO corrected
-17.80
-16.42
-16.53
-16.15
-16.63
-13.08
-11.83
-13.43
-17.09
-15.38
-13.68
-16.03
-14.03
-10.74
-11.68
-14.39
-13.12
-14.90
-16.13
-17.87
-16.12
-15.63
-14.27
-14.34
-14.14
-12.85
-14.89
-14.60
-14.62
-12.44
-14.72
-15.35
i) %C
3.46
3.13
3.10
2.27
2.56
1.85
0.92
2.17
2.59
2.88
1.69
2.78
1.93
1.46
1.64
2.48
1.47
2.05
2.44
3.03
1.84
3.01
2.25
1.96
2.28
1.27
1.75
1.56
2.10
1.89
2.31
2.21
-------
171
8.00
6.00-
815N 4.oo-
2.00-
0.00
«P" *.
• AG CON
. AG DEP
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
813C
Figure 66. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
upstream of agriculture discharges (AG CON) and sediments sampled downstream of agriculture
' discharges (AG DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2000.
8.00
6.00-
515N 4.oo-
2.00-
0.00
* AQUA CON
. AQUA DEP
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
813C
Figure 67. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 815N) between sediments sampled
upstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA CON) and sediments sampled downstream of
aquaculture discharges (AQUA DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2000.
-------
172
8.00
6.00 -
515N 4.oo-
2.00-
0.00
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00
813C
-5.00 0.00
* AG CON
• AG DEP
Figure 68. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 515N) between sediments sampled
upstream of agriculture discharges (AG CON) and sediments sampled downstream of agriculture
discharges (AG DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2001.
8.00
6.00 -
815N 4.00-
2.00-
0.00
* AQUA CON
. AQUA DEP
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
813C
Figure 69. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (813C and 815N) between sediments sampled
upstream of aquaculture discharges (AQUA CON) and sediments sampled downstream of
aquaculture discharges (AQUA DEP) in the middle Snake River, 2001.
-------
8.00
6.00 -
515N 4.oo-
2.00 -
0:00
173
* '•*
*AG
.AQUA
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
Figure 70. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (513C and 5I5N) between sediments sampled
downstream of agriculture discharges (AG) and sediments sampled downstream of aquaculture
discharges (AQUA) in the middle Snake River, 2000.
8.00
6.00 -
815N 4.oo-
2.00 -
0.00
-20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00
513C
Figure 71. Comparison of the stable isotope ratios (5I3C and 515N) between sediments sampled
downstream of agriculture discharges (AG) and sediments sampled downstream of aquaculture
discharges (AQUA) in the middle Snake River, 2001.
*
.dhyflPliS**
•
*AG
• AQUA
-------
174
APPENDIX C:
DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS FOR SEDIMENT, BENTHIC
MACROINVERTEBRATE, AND AQUATIC
MACROPHYTE METRICS
-------
175
SEDIMENT
Particle Size
% Sand
Control zone sand content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but October. Therefore, deposition zone sand
content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June, July, August,
and September. These comparisons showed that sand content was greater in agriculture
deposition zones than aquaculture deposition zones in June, July, August, and September (Figure
7). However, statistically significant differences between the sand content of agriculture
deposition zones and aquaculture deposition zones only occurred in September (77.2 % at
agriculture sites and 66.6 % at aquaculture sites).
Sands dominated the bottom sediments both upstream and downstream of the discharges at
all six study sites and over all five sampling months of 2001, averaging 43-95 % of the total
dredged sediments (Figure 8). Sand content in the deposition zones of the three agriculture
drains showed little change over all five sampling months, averaging 81, 88, and 65 % for ADS,
AD2, and ADI, respectively. Sand content was generally lower in the deposition zones of the
three aquaculture discharges, averaging 69, 66, and 80 % for CS, RV, and BC, respectively, than
the deposition zones of the agriculture drains (averages shown above).
A trend in sand content over all agriculture study sites was not evident throughout the
study period. Sand content was significantly greater in the deposition zone of AD2 than in the
control zone in all months but October. At ADI sand content was significantly greater in the
control zone than the deposition zone in all five sampling months. Similarly, an overall trend in
sand content at aquaculture sites was not evident. While CS and RV both had significantly
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greater sand content in control zones than deposition zones for four of the five sampling months,
BC had significantly greater sand content in deposition zones for four of five months.
% Silt
Control zone silt content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but October. Therefore, deposition zone silt
content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June, July, August,
and September. These comparisons showed that silt content was greater in aquaculture
deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June, July, August, and September (Figure
9). However, statistically significant differences between the silt content of agriculture
deposition zones and aquaculture deposition zones only occurred in June (20.7 % at agriculture
sites and 27.7 % at aquaculture sites) and September (21.0 % and 30.9 % at aquaculture sites).
Silts were the next dominant particle size of middle Snake River in 2001, averaging 4-48
% of the'total dredged sediment (Figure 10). Silt content of the deposition zone sediments
within each of the three agriculture study sites was very similar over all five sampling months,
averaging 17,11, and 33 % for AD3, AD2, and ADI, respectively. Silt content of the deposition
sediments within each of the three aquaculture study sites was also consistent throughout all
sampling months, averaging 30, 31, and 17 % for CS, RV, and BC, respectively. Like the sand
content results, there were not distinct similarities in silt content for the three agriculture study
sites or for the three aquaculture study sites. ADI had significantly greater silt content in
deposition zones than control zones for all months while AD2 had significantly greater silt
content in control zones than deposition zones for four of five months.
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%Clav
Control zone clay content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was not
statistically different within each of the five sampling months. Therefore, deposition zone clay
content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within the five sampling months.
These comparisons showed that clay content was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition
zones than agriculture deposition zones in both July (1.7 % at agriculture sites and 2.4 % at
aquaculture sites) and October (1.5 % at agriculture sites and 2.2 % at aquaculture sites) (Figure
11).
Clays were the least dominant sediment type sampled in the middle Snake River in 2001,
averaging 0.5-5.0 % of the total dredged sediment (Figure 12). Clay content of ADS, AD2, and
ADI deposition zones averaged 2.0,0.9, and 2.4 %, respectively compared to clay content of CS,
RV, and BC deposition zones of 1.5,2.6, and 2.0 %, respectively. Clay content in the AD2
control zone was significantly greater than clay content in the AD2 deposition zone for four of
five months. AD2 was the only agriculture site where significant trends in clay content were
consistently apparent. CS and RV had significantly greater clay content in deposition zones than
control zones in two of five months, whereas BC had significantly greater clay content in the
control zone than the deposition zone in four of five months.
Percent Carbon and Nitrogen
% Carbon
Control zone carbon content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within June alone. Therefore, control vs. deposition carbon content of
agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within this single month. This
comparison showed that carbon content was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones
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than agriculture deposition zones in June (1.2 % at agriculture sites and 2.3 % at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 13). •
Sediment sampled from the six study sites in the middle Snake River averaged 0.7-3.1 %
carbon throughout the five sampling months in 2001 (Figure 14). ADI was the only agriculture
study site that showed significant trends in carbon content of the sediment. Sediment sampled
from the ADI deposition zone had significantly greater carbon content than the ADI control
zone for all five months sampled. Sediment carbon in the deposition zone was significantly
greater than sediment carbon in the control zone in four of five months at CS and in three of five
months at RV. On the other hand, sediment carbon in the control zone was significantly greater
than sediment carbon in the deposition zone in three of five months at BC.
% Nitrogen
Control zone nitrogen content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within June and August. Therefore, deposition zone nitrogen content of
agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within these two months. These
comparisons showed that nitrogen content was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition
zones than agriculture deposition zones in both June (0.05 % at agriculture sites and 0.17 % at
aquaculture sites) and August (0.01 % at agriculture sites and 0.06 % at aquaculture sites)
(Figure 15).
Nitrogen content of middle Snake River sediment at the six study sites in 2001 averaged
0.01-0.25 % throughout the five sampling months (Figure 16). The overall trend for all sites
indicated that nitrogen content of the river sediment was highest in June and gradually decreased
to annual lows in October. ADI was the only agriculture site that showed a significantly greater
amount of nitrogen in the deposition zone sediments than in the control zone sediments. Even
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then, this significant trend was only apparent from the June and July ADI samples. On the other
hand, sediment sampled from the control zone had a significantly greater amount of nitrogen
than deposition zone sediment in two of five sampling months from both AD2 and ADS.
Significantly greater amounts of sediment nitrogen were found in aquaculture deposition zones
for two of three sites. CS and RV each had significantly greater sediment nitrogen in deposition
zone dredges for three of five sampling months. However, BC showed a significantly greater
amount of sediment nitrogen in the control zone for June and no significant differences in
sediment nitrogen between control and deposition zones for the remaining four months.
Chemical Trace Elements
Calcium
Control zone calcium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within June, July, and September. Therefore, deposition zone calcium
content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June, July, and
September. These comparisons showed that calcium content was significantly greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones for June (24,708 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 35,375 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), July (25,708 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites
and 33,783 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), and September (24,750 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and
35,000 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 17).
Calcium content of the bottom sediments in the six study sites of the middle Snake River
in 2001 averaged 13,250-45,875 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 18). There
were no consistent trends between the three agriculture sites. However within the agriculture
sites, trends were apparent. At AD3, sediment calcium content was significantly greater in the
control zone than the deposition zone for the first three of the five sampling months. Calcium
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content was significantly greater in the AD2 control zone than the AD2 deposition zone in June
and July but was significantly greater in the deposition zone in August and October. The
deposition zone of ADI had significantly greater calcium content than the control zone of ADI
for all five sampling months. Sediment calcium content trends differed for each of the three
aquaculture sites as well. Calcium content was significantly greater in CS deposition zone than
CS control zone for all sampling months but August. Calcium content was significantly greater
in the RV deposition zone than the RV control zone for June and July but then reversed to
greater calcium content in the control zone in October. Calcium content was significantly
greater in the BC control zone than the BC deposition zone for all sampling months but
September.
Magnesium
Control zone magnesium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone
magnesium content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that magnesium content was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in September alone
(5,096 jtig-g"1 at agriculture sites and 6,188 (ig-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 19).
Magnesium content of the six study sites in the middle Snake River from 2001 averaged
2625-16500 ng-g"1 throughout the five study months (Figure 20). The highest magnesium
contents were found in the control zone of ADS in July (16500 ng-g"1) and September (13500
Hg-g'1). The ADS control zone had significantly greater amounts of magnesium than the ADS
deposition zone in all five sampling months. AD2 showed the same magnesium content trend
for June and July but then switched to a significantly greater amount of magnesium in the
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deposition zone than the control zone for August and October. ADI had a significantly greater
amount of magnesium in the deposition zone than the control zone for all five sampling months.
Magnesium content was significantly greater in CS deposition zone than CS control zone for all
sampling months but August. Magnesium content was significantly greater in the RV deposition
zone than the RV control zone in June but then reversed to greater magnesium content in the
control zone in September and October. Magnesium content was significantly greater in the BC
control zone than the BC deposition zone for June and October.
Potassium
Control zone potassium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone
potassium content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that potassium content was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in September alone
(2,254 ng-g"1 at agriculture sites and 2,738 ng-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 21).
Potassium content of dredged middle Snake River sediment at the six sampling sites in
2001 averaged 1053-3.775 ng-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 22). The AD3
control zone had significantly greater amounts of potassium than the AD3 deposition zone in
June, July, and August. AD2 showed the same potassium content trend for June, July, and
September but then switched to a significantly greater amount of potassium in the deposition
zone than the control zone for October. ADI had a significantly greater amount of potassium in
the deposition zone than the control zone for all five sampling months. Potassium content was
significantly greater in CS deposition zone than CS control zone for all sampling months but
August. Potassium content was significantly greater in the RV deposition zone than the RV
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control zone in June, August, and October. The opposite trend occurred at BC, with significantly
greater potassium content in the BC control zone than the BC deposition zone for June, August,
and October.
Sodium
Control zone sodium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within June and October. Therefore, deposition zone sodium content of
agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June and October. These
comparisons showed that sodium content was greater in aquaculture deposition zones than
agriculture deposition zones for both June (439.2 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 465 ug-g"1 at
aquaculture sites) and October (481.4 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 507.1 ug-g'1 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 23). However, this difference was not significant in either month.
Sodium content of the dredged middle Snake River sediment was fairly stable (i.e. didn't
change over time) over all study sites throughout the five month sampling period, averaging 318-
790ug-g"' (Figure 24). However, extremely high sodium content was observed in July (2875
ug-g"1) and September (2825 ug-g"1) in the AD3 control zone. These values cannot be excluded
as processing errors because all four replicates shared high values. The sodium content in the
AD3 control zone was significantly greater than the AD3 deposition zone for all months but
October. Results from AD2 showed this same trend in July but was reversed in August, with the
deposition zone sediments having significantly greater sodium content than the control zone
sediments. ADI had significantly greater sodium content in the deposition zone than the control
zone in July but had significantly greater sodium content in the control zone than the deposition
zone in August. The only consistent trends in sodium content from aquaculture sites were at CS.
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This study site had significantly higher sodium content in the deposition zone than the control
zone for all sampling months but August.
Zinc
Control zone zinc content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone zinc
content of agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August, September,
and October. These comparisons showed that zinc content was significantly greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (39.0 jjg-g"1 at agriculture
sites and 59.4 ng-g"1 at aquaculture sites), August (42.2 jig-g"1 at agriculture sites and 58.6 ng-g"1
at aquaculture sites), September (44.4 ng-g"1 at agriculture sites and 66.7 ng-g"1 at aquaculture
sites), and October (44.8 fig-g"1 at agriculture sites and 57.0 ^g-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure
25).
Mean zinc content of dredged material from the middle Snake River in 2001 ranged from
29-76 ng-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 26). Zinc content was significantly
greater in the ADS control zone.than the ADS deposition zone for all sampling months but
October. AD2 sediment followed the same trend through June and July but then had no
significant differences in sediment zinc content between control and deposition zones for
August, September, and October. ADI had greater zinc content in the deposition zone than the
control zone for all sampling months, but this difference was significant in only June and
September. At all aquaculture study sites deposition zone zinc content was significantly greater
than control zone zinc content for at least one sampling month (Figure 26). RV sediment had
significantly greater zinc content in June, July, and August, CS in June and July, and BC in July
only.
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Manganese
Control zone manganese content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within each sampling mo'nth but July and October. Therefore, deposition
zone manganese content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within
June, August, and September. These comparisons showed that there were no significant
differences in manganese content between agriculture deposition zones and aquaculture
deposition zones in June, August, or September (Figure 27).
Manganese content in dredged sediment of the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 113-485 ^g-g"1 throughout the five months (Figure 28). The highest manganese
content, as with sodium, occurred in the ADS control zone sediments sampled in July (485 ng-g~
') and September (425 ug-g"1). The ADS control zone sediments had significantly greater
manganese content than ADS deposition zone sediments in all months but October. AD2
showed the same results for June, July, and September but had significantly greater manganese
content in the deposition zone in October. ADI sediment was significantly greater in manganese
content in the deposition zone than the control zone for all five sampling months. Overall, the
BC control zone had the greatest manganese content of any aquaculture control or deposition
zone. CS had significantly greater manganese content in its deposition zone than its control zone
for July, August, and September. RV sediment had mixed results. Manganese content was
significantly greater in the RV deposition zone than the RV control zone for June but then
became greater in the RV control zone in September and October. Manganese content remained
greater in the BC control zone than the BC deposition zone for the entire five month period, but
was significantly greater in the control zone in June and August only.
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Copper
Control zone copper content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone copper
content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that copper content was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (11.2 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 17.1 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), August (11.5 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and
15.6 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), September (14.0 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 23.5 ug-g"1 at
aquaculture sites), and October (12.7 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 16.5 ug-g"1 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 29).
Copper content of dredged sediment from the middle Snake River in 2001 averaged 7.5-
33.0 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 30). Copper content was significantly
greater in the ADS control zone than the AD3 deposition zone in all sampling months but
October. AD2 followed the same trend for June and July but then showed no significant
difference between control and deposition zone copper content for August, September, and
October. ADI sediment had the opposite trend has the AD3 sediment. ADI copper content was
significantly greater in the deposition zone than the control zone for all sampling months but
October. Copper content was greater in CS deposition zone sediments than CS control zone
sediments for all months. However, this difference was only significant for June, July, and
October. Copper content in RV sediments followed this same trend but only had significantly
greater amounts of copper in the deposition zone for June and July. BC control zone sediments
had significantly greater copper content than BC deposition zone sediments for June only. Other
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BC sampling months had higher copper content in the deposition zone but none of these
differences were significant.
Iron
Control zone iron content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July and August. Therefore, deposition zone
iron content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that iron content was greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June, September, and October
(Figure 31). However, this difference was only significant in September (11,266.7 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 12,820.3 ug-g'1 at aquaculture sites).
Iron content of dredged sediment from the middle Snake River in 2001 averaged 7075-
32,250 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 32). This range is very large due to
high sediment iron content for the AD3 control zone in July (32,250 ug-g"1) and September
(30,000 ug-g"1). AD3 control zones had significantly greater iron content than AD3 deposition
zones in all sampling months but October. AD2 sediment iron content followed this same trend
for June, July, and September. However, ADI deposition zone sediments had significantly
greater iron content than ADI control zone sediments in all months but August. CS iron content
followed the same trend as ADI, with significantly greater amounts in deposition zones for all
sampling months but August. This trend was repeated for RV sediments sampled in June and
August. However, RV control zone sediments had significantly greater iron content than RV
deposition zone sediments in October. The only significant difference found between the BC
control and deposition zones were in June. The June control zone sediments had significantly
greater iron content than June deposition zone sediments.
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Phosphorus
Control zone phosphorus content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within all sampling months but July and August. Therefore, deposition
zone phosphorus content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within
June, September, and October. These comparisons showed that phosphorus content was
significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June
(655.0 |ig-g"' at agriculture sites and 1541.7 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), September (730.8 ug-g"1
at agriculture sites and 1483.3 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), and October (683.3 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 1154.2 ug-g'1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 33).
Phosphorus content of dredged sediment from the study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 490-1800 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 34). AD3 control
zone sediments had significantly greater phosphorus content than AD3 deposition zone
sediments in all five sampling months. AD2 followed this same trend in June and July but then
switched to significantly greater phosphorus content in deposition zone sediments in August and
October. ADI deposition zone sediments had significantly greater phosphorus content than ADI
control zone sediments in all months but August. A very distinct trend was evident when
comparing sediment phosphorus content between control and deposition zones of the three
aquaculture study sites. Phosphorus content was significantly greater in deposition zone
sediments than control zone sediments throughout the five sampling months for all three
aquaculture study sites. Not only were these phosphorus differences significant, but the
aquaculture deposition zone phosphorus levels (averaging 903 - 1800 p.g-g"') were often over
twice as high as control zone phosphorus levels (averaging 490 - 1000 u^-g"1) from the same
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month and study site, and over twice as high as deposition zone phosphorus levels from
agriculture study sites (averaging 785 - 815 ng-g"1).
Sulfur
Control zone sulfur content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but August and October. Therefore, deposition
zone sulfur content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within
June, July, and September. These comparisons showed that sulfur content was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (776.7ng-g"' at
agriculture sites and 2125 u^-g'1 at aquaculture sites), July (867.1 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and
2082.6 ug-g'1 at aquaculture sites), and September (918.8 ug-g'1 at agriculture sites and 2320.8
ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 35).
Sulfur content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in 2001
averaged 643-2950 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 36). Sulfur content of
AD3 control zone sediments was significantly greater than AD3 deposition zone sediments for
all sampling months but October. AD2 sediments followed this same trend for the first four
sampling months, but switched to significantly greater sulfur content in the deposition zone
sediments than the control zone sediments in October. The only significant difference between
the sulfur contents of the ADI control and deposition zones were found in June. Sediments
sampled from ADI in June had significantly greater sulfur content in the control zone sediments.
Significantly greater sulfur content was found in the deposition zones of all three aquaculture
study sites that were sampled. Sulfur-content of the deposition zone was greater than the control
zone in all sampling months but August at CS, in all sampling months but October at RV, and in
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July, September, and October at BC. However, sulfur content was significantly greater in the
BC control zone than the BC deposition zone in June.
Lead
Control zone lead content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July and August. Therefore, deposition zone
lead content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that lead content was significantly greater
in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (18.8 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 22.2 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites) and September (23.2 ug-g"1 at agriculture
sites and 31.3 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 37).
Lead content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 14.5-50.75 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 38). The highest
sediment lead content was sampled from all replicates of the AD3 control zone in July (50.75
ug-g"1) and September (49.5 ug-g"1). Lead content of AD3 control zone sediments was
significantly greater than deposition zone sediments in all sampling months but October. The
same results were found in July sediments sampled from AD2. However, lead content of ADI
deposition zone sediments was greater than ADI control zone sediments in all sampled months.
These differences at ADI were only significant in June, August, and September. Significantly
greater lead content was found in deposition zone sediments than was found in control zone
sediments at CS (June and September) and RV (June and July). However, BC control zone
sediments had significantly greater lead content than BC deposition zone sediments in June.
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Chromium
Control zone chromium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within all sampling months but July. Therefore, deposition zone
chromium content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June,
August, September, and October. These comparisons showed that chromium content was
significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June
(17.5 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 25.7 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), August (19.75 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 28.5 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), September (22.0 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites
and 27.9 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), and October (20.2 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 26.2 ug-g"1
at aquaculture sites) (Figure 39).
Chromium content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River
in 2001 averaged 12.5-67.75 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 40). As with
many of the previous elements, the highest sediment chromium content was sampled from all
replicates of the ADS control zone in July (67.75 ug-g"1) and September (57.25 ug-g"1).
Chromium content of ADS control zone sediments was significantly greater than ADS deposition
zone sediments for all five sampling months. AD2 sediments followed this same trend in June,
July, and September, but had significantly greater chromium content in the deposition zone
sediments than the control zone sediments for the other two sampling months (August and
October). ADI had significantly greater chromium content in its deposition zone sediment than
its control zone sediment for all sampling months but August. Significantly greater chromium
content was found in the deposition zones of all three aquaculture study sites that were sampled.
Chromium content of the deposition zone was greater than the control zone in all sampling
months but August at CS, in June and July at RV, and in all sampling months at BC. However,
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chromium content was significantly greater in the RV control zone than the RV deposition zone
in October.
Cadmium
Control zone cadmium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone cadmium
content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that cadmium content was greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in all four months (Figure 19).
However, this difference was only significant in June (0.63 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 0.99
ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites) and September (0.97 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 1.25 ug-g"1 at
aquaculture sites).
Cadmium content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River
in 2001 averaged 0.44-3.55 ug-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 42). Cadmium
content of AD3 control zone sediments was significantly greater than deposition zone sediments
in all sampling months but October. Cadmium content of AD2 control zone sediments was also
significantly greater than deposition zone sediments in July. However, cadmium content was
significantly greater in ADI deposition zone sediments than ADI control zone sediments in July,
August, and September. Sediment from the aquaculture study sites had mixed cadmium results
as well. Cadmium content of CS deposition zones was significantly greater than CS control
zones in June, September, and October. Cadmium content of RV deposition zones was
significantly greater than RV control zones in June and July. Alternately, cadmium content was
significantly greater in BC control zone sediment than BC deposition zone sediment for June.
Barium
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Control zone barium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July and October. Therefore, deposition
zone barium content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June,
August, and September. These comparisons showed that barium content was greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in all three months (Figure 43).
However, deposition zone differences between industries were significant in June alone (85.4
Hg-g"1 at agriculture sites and 96.5 ng-g"1 at aquaculture sites).
Barium content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 60.5-250.0 ng-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 44). The highest
sediment barium content was the mean ADS control in July (235 (ig-g"1) and in September (250
ug-g"1). Barium content was significantly greater in AD3 control zone sediments than AD3
deposition zone sediments within each sampling month but October. The same trend was found
in AD2 sediment from June, July, and September. However, barium content was significantly
greater in ADI deposition zone sediments than ADI control zone sediments in each month but
August. Barium content was also significantly greater in CS deposition zone sediments than CS
control zone sediments for all months but August. RV sediments followed this same trend for
June but BC sediments had significantly greater barium content in its control zone than its
deposition zone for June and August
Nickel
Control zone nickel content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone nickel
content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that nickel content was greater in
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aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in all four months (Figure 45).
However, deposition zone differences between industries were only significant in June (13.3
ug-g"1 at agriculture sites and 14.8 ug-g'1 at aquaculture sites), September (13.9 ug-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 15.7 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites), and October (13.6 ug-g"1 at agriculture sites
and 15.0 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites).
Nickel content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 8.95-43.75 u^-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 46). Nickel
content of AD3 control zone sediments significantly exceeded that of deposition zone sediments
in all five sampling months. AD2 results for sediment sampled in July and September were
similar to AD3 results. However, nickel content of AD2 deposition zone sediments was
significantly greater than AD2 control zone sediments for August and October. ADI sediments
sampled from the deposition zone also had significantly greater levels of nickel than the ADI
control zone sediments. These results at ADI were consistent for all five sampling months. CS
followed the same trend as ADI, with significantly greater nickel content in the deposition zone
sediments than the control zone sediments, in all sampling months but August. RV sediments
followed this same pattern in June and July but had significantly greater nickel content in control
zone sediment than deposition zone sediment in September. June nickel content in the BC
control zone sediments was also significantly greater than nickel content of the BC deposition
zone sediments from the same month.
Cobalt
Control zone cobalt content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July and August. Therefore, deposition zone
cobalt content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within June,
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September, and October. These comparisons showed that cobalt content was greater in
aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in all three months (Figure 47).
However, deposition zone differences between industries were significant in September alone
(8.4 p.g-g"1 at agriculture sites and 9.8 ug-g"1 at aquaculture sites).
Cobalt content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 6.3-26.0 jig-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 48). High values
were once again evident in AD3 control zone replicates from July (26 ng-g"1) and September
(22.75 ug-g"1). Not only was cobalt content significantly greater in ADS control zone sediments
in July and September, but it was also significantly greater in control zone sediments in the other
three sampling months as well. AD2 sediments followed the same trend in July but had
significantly greater cobalt content in deposition zone sediments than control zone sediments in
August and October. Cobalt content was greater in ADI deposition zone sediments than ADI
control zone sediments in all five sampling months, but this difference was significant in June,
July, and September only. Mixed trends in cobalt content were evident from sediment sampled
at aquaculture study sites. While cobalt content was significantly greater in the CS deposition
zone sediments than the CS control zone sediments in July, September, and October, it was
significantly greater in the CS control zone in August. Cobalt content was significantly greater
in the RV deposition zone sediments than the RV control zone sediments in June and July, but
was significantly greater in the RV control zone sediments in October. In June, cobalt levels
were significantly greater in the BC control zone than the deposition zone. However, cobalt
levels were significantly greater in the BC deposition zone in July and August.
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195
Beryllium
Control zone beryllium content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone beryllium
content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that beryllium content was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (0.45 ^g-g"1 at
agriculture sites and 0.51 ng-g"1 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 49).
Beryllium content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River
in 2001 averaged 0.29-0.87 ng-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 50). The highest
sediment beryllium content (0.87 ug-g"1) was sampled from the control zone of BC in June.
Beryllium content was greater in ADS control zone sediments than AD3 deposition zone
sediments in all five sampling months. However, this difference was significant in June, July,
and August only. Beryllium content was also significantly greater in AD2 control zones than
AD2 deposition zones in June and July. Alternatively, ADI deposition zone sediments had
significantly greater beryllium levels than ADI control zones in all sampling months but
October. This same trend occurred in all sampling months but August at CS, and in June, July,
and August at RV. The opposite trend was evident at BC, where the control zone sediments had
significantly greater beryllium levels than the deposition zone sediments in June and October.
Molybdenum
Control zone molybdenum content between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar within each sampling month but July. Therefore, deposition zone
molybdenum content between agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June,
August, September, and October. These comparisons showed that molybdenum content was
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196
greater in agriculture deposition zones than aquaculture deposition zones in June, August, and
October (Figure 51). However, deposition zone differences between industries were only
significant in October (6.1 ng-g"1 at agriculture sites and 5.4 jig-g"1 at aquaculture sites).
Molybdenum content of dredged sediment from the six study sites in the middle Snake River in
2001 averaged 4.35-14.25 ^g-g"1 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 52).
Molybdenum content was significantly greater in ADS control zone sediments than AD3
deposition zone sediments in all sampling months but October. This same trend occurred in
AD2 sediments sampled from July. However, AD2 deposition zone sediments had significantly
greater molybdenum content than control zone sediments in October. September was the only
sampling month where significant differences occurred between ADI control and ADI
deposition zone sediments. In this case, ADI deposition zone sediments had significantly
greater molybdenum levels than the control zone sediments. No significant differences in
molybdenum content were found between the CS control and CS deposition zone sediments.
Likewise, no significant differences in molybdenum content were found between the RV control
and RV deposition zone sediments. Molybdenum content of the BC control zone sediments was
significantly greater than the BC deposition zone sediments in June. No other significant
differences occurred in the molybdenum content of sediments sampled from the control and
deposition zones of BC.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Abundance
Control zone BMI abundance between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within each sampling month but July and September. Therefore, deposition
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197
zone BMI abundance between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within
June, August, and October. These comparisons showed that BMI abundance was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (6,834
individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 84,365 individuals-m"2 at aquaculture sites), August
(1,263 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 10,119 individuals-m"2 at aquaculture sites), and
October (2,075 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 17,607 individuals-m"2 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 53).
BMI abundance in the three agriculture study sites (average of control and deposition zones) in
2001 averaged 844-12,239 individuals-m"2 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 54).
BMI abundance in the three aquaculture study sites (average of control and deposition zones) in
2001 averaged 1178-231,222 individuals-m"2 throughout the five sampling months. BMI
abundance was greater at aquaculture study sites than agriculture study sites throughout the five
sampling months. BMI abundance was significantly greater in the AD3 control zone than the
AD3 deposition zone in June alone. No other significant differences in BMI abundance occurred
between the control and deposition zones throughout the remaining sampling months at AD3.
Likewise, no significant differences were found in BMI abundance between the control and
deposition zones of AD2, or the control and deposition zones of ADI for all five sampling
months. BMI were significantly more abundant in the CS deposition zone than the CS control
zone in October alone. This trend also occurred in the RV study site in June, July, and October.
The BC study site had a greater abundance of BMI in the control zone than the deposition zone
in June and August.
Potamopyrsus antivodarum
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198
Control zone P. antipodantm abundance was statistically similar between pooled agriculture
and pooled aquaculture sites within each sampling month but July and September. Therefore,
deposition zone P. antipodarum abundance in agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be
compared within June, August, and October. These comparisons showed that P. antipodarum
abundance was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition
zones in June (13.0 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 70,880 individuals-m"2 at aquaculture
sites), August (61.1 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 5,822 individuals-m"2 at aquaculture
sites), and October (28.2 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 13,291 individuals-m"2 at
aquaculture sites) (Figure 55).
P. antipodarum abundance in the three agriculture study sites in 2001 averaged 0-692
individuals-m"2 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 56). P. antipodarum abundance in
the three aquaculture study sites in 2001 averaged 11-211,278 individuals-m"2 throughout the five
sampling months. There were no significant differences in P. antipodarum abundance between
the control and deposition zone of AD3 throughout the five sampling months. P. antipodarum
abundance was significantly greater in the AD2 deposition zone (averaging 111 individuals-m"2)
than the AD2 control zone (averaging 0.0 individuals-m"2) in August alone. Conversely, P.
antipodarum abundance was significantly greater in the ADI control zone than the ADI
deposition zone in June (60.3 individuals-m"2 in control zone and 0.0 individuals-m"2 in
deposition zone) and July (77.8 individuals-m"2 in control zone and 5.6 individuals-m"2 in
deposition zone). Although P. antipodarum were more abundant in the CS deposition zone
(ranging 22.2-2,106.9 individuals-m"2) than the CS control zone (ranging 11.1-122.2
individuals-m"2) in all five sampling months, this difference wasn't significant for any of the
months. The RV study site had a significantly greater abundance of P. antipodarum in the
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199
deposition zone than the control zone in all five sampling months. However, the BC study site
had a significantly greater abundance of P. antipodarwn in the control zone than the deposition
zone in all sampling months but September and October. Chironomidae spp.
Control zone Chironomidae abundance between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture
sites was statistically similar within each sampling month but July and October. Therefore,
deposition zone Chironomidae abundance between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only
be compared within June, August, and September. These comparisons showed that
Chironomidae abundance was significantly greater in agriculture deposition zones than
aquaculture deposition zones in June (2,119 individuals-m"2 at agriculture sites and 616
individuals-m"2 at aquaculture sites) (Figure 57).
Chironomidae abundance was greatest in June and July across all sampling sites (Figure 58).
Chironomidae abundance in the three agriculture study sites in 2001 averaged 33.3-3100.0
individuals-m"2 throughout the five sampling months. Chironomidae abundance in the three
aquaculture study sites in 2001 averaged 0-4006.6 individuals-m"2 throughout the five sampling
months. Chironomidae abundance was significantly greater in the AD3 control zone than the
AD3 deposition zone in July. However, AD3 deposition zones had significantly greater
Chironomidae abundance than AD3 control zones in August and September. Chironomidae
abundance at AD2 showed a similar trend, with significantly greater Chironomidae numbers in
the control zone in July but significantly greater Chironomidae numbers in the deposition zone in
September. Chironomidae abundance was significantly greater in the ADI deposition zone than
the ADI control zone in June and October. Mixed trends in Chironomidae abundance were
found at the aquaculture study sites. Chironomidae were significantly more abundant in the CS
control zone than the CS deposition zone in June, but reversed to a significantly greater
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200
abundance in the CS deposition zone in July and August. The RV study site had a significantly
greater abundance of Chironomidae in the control zone than the deposition zone in June, July,
and September, but then reversed to significantly greater Chironomidae abundance in the RV
deposition zone in October. BC study site had a significantly greater abundance of
Chironomidae in the deposition zone than the control zone in all sampling months but June and
August.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Biomass
Control zone BMI biomass between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar within August and October. Therefore, deposition zone BMI biomass
between agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within August and October.
These comparisons showed that BMI biomass was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition
zones than agriculture deposition zones in August (1.01 g-m"2 at agriculture sites and 13.88 g-m"2
at aquaculture sites) and October (1.44 g-m"2 at agriculture sites and 12.73 g-m"2 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 59).
BMI biomass in the three agriculture study sites in 2001 averaged 0.38-14.40 g-m"2
throughout the five sampling months (Figure 60). BMI biomass in the three aquaculture study
sites in 2001 averaged 0.97-287.08 g-m"2 throughout the five sampling months. BMI biomass
was greater at aquaculture study sites than agriculture study sites throughout the five sampling
months.
BMI biomass was significantly greater in the AD3 control zone than the AD3 deposition
zone in June. This trend also occurred at the ADI study site in July. However, the AD2
deposition zone had greater BMI biomass than the AD2 control zone in October. BMI biomass
was greater in the deposition zones of CS and RV than the corresponding control zones for the
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201
entire five month sampling period. At CS this difference was not statistically significant in any
of the sampling months. However, this difference was significant in all months but September at
RV. The opposite trend occurred at BC. BMI biomass was significantly greater in the BC
control zone than the BC deposition zone in June, August, and October.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Taxa Richness
Control zone BMI taxa richness between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites
was statistically similar in all five sampling months. Therefore, deposition zone BMI taxa
richness in agriculture and aquaculture sites could be compared within June, July, August,
September, and October. These comparisons showed that BMI taxa richness was significantly
greater in aquaculture deposition zones than agriculture deposition zones in June (3.8 at
agriculture sites and 6.0 at aquaculture sites), July (3.8 at agriculture sites and 6.4 at aquaculture
sites), August (3.7 at agriculture sites and 5.7 at aquaculture sites), September (5.0 at agriculture
sites and 7.0 at aquaculture sites), and October (3.8 at agriculture sites and 4.9 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 61).
The number of distinct BMI taxa sampled in the three agriculture study sites in 2001
averaged 2.5-6.25 throughout the five sampling months (Figure 62). The number of distinct
BMI taxa sampled in the three aquaculture study sites in 2001 averaged 1.25-10.25 throughout
the five sampling months. The highest BMI taxa richness values were sampled in the control
zone of the RV study site. The only significant difference in BMI taxa richness between
sampled agriculture control zones and deposition zones was found at the AD3 study site. In this
case, BMI taxa richness was greater in the ADS control zone than the AD3 deposition zone in
June and August. No significant differences were found between CS control zone BMI taxa
richness and CS deposition zone BMI taxa richness for any of the five sampling months. RV had
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202
significantly greater BMI taxa richness values in the control zone than the deposition zone for
both June and September. Conversely, BC had greater BMI taxa richness values in the
deposition zone than the control zone for all five sampling months. This difference between
BMI taxa richness values was found to be statistically significant in July, September, and
October.
Aquatic Macrophytes
Aquatic Macrophyte Biomass
Control zone AM biomass between pooled agriculture and pooled aquaculture sites was
statistically similar in July and September. Therefore, deposition zone AM biomass in
agriculture and aquaculture sites could only be compared within July and September. These
comparisons showed that AM biomass was significantly greater in aquaculture deposition zones
than agriculture deposition zones in July (0.64 g-m"2 at agriculture sites and 83.80 g-m"2 at
aquaculture sites) and September (10.13 g-m"2 at agriculture sites and 49.55 g-m"2 at aquaculture
sites) (Figure 63).
AM biomass in the three agriculture study sites in 2001 averaged 0-36.4 g-m"2 throughout
the five sampling months (Figure 64). AM biomass in the three aquaculture study sites in 2001
averaged 0-325.3 g-m"2 throughout the five sampling months. The highest AM biomass values
(averaging 325.3 g-m"2) of all six study sites occurred in the deposition zone of RV during the
month of June. The only significant difference between agriculture control and deposition zone
AM biomass occurred in July at AD2. At this study site, AM biomass was significantly greater
in the control zone than the deposition zone. AM biomass was greater in CS deposition zones
than CS control zones in all five sampling months. However, this difference was not significant
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203
in any of the sampling months. RV deposition zones had significantly greater AM biomass than
RV control zones in July and October. The same result occurred at the BC study site in
September.
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204
APPENDIX D:
SAMPLING DATA FOR THE MIDDLE SNAKE RIVER,
JUNE-OCTOBER, 2001
-------
205
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
•8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Depth (m)
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1
1
1
1
3.75
3.75
3.75
3.75
1.25
1.25
1.25
25
.5
.5
.5
.5
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.7
3.25
3.25
3.25
3.25
2
2
2
2
Sedtemp (°C)
16.6
18.4
16.7
17.1
19.7 .
17.1
14.5
15.4
16.7
16.2
16.7
16.9
17.2
16
14.3
14.9
15.3
14.5
15.3
15.9
19.7
19.1
21.1
21.1
15.4
16.3
16.1
17.3
17.2
17.4
17
16.9
Sand (%)
85.0
68.0
80.0
77.4
94.7
92.2
91.7
93.2
51.4
52.9
49.4
51.4
56.4
59.4
50.4
52.4
62.4
62.4
72.4
72.4
88.2
85.2
93.2
89.2
71.2
75.2
63.2
67.2
58.4
52.4
77.2
60.4
Clay (%)
0.0
3.0
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.8
6.6
2.6
3.6
2.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
2.6
2.8
1.8
0.8
1.6
1.3
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.6
1.6
0.8
1.6
Silt (%)
15.0
29.0
19.0
22.0
5.3
7.5
8.3
6.0
42.0
44.5
47.0
46.0
42.0
39.0
46.0
44.0
34.0
34.0
24.0
25.0
9.0
13.0
6.0
9.2
27.5
24.0
36.0
32.0
40.0
46.0
22.0
38.0
C (%)
1.3
2.1
1.7
1.8
0.87
0.94
1.2
0.92
3.9
2.3
3.3
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.7
2.9
3.2
2.4
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.1
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.0
2.8
3.1
2.8
3.0
N (%)
0.13
0.20
0.15
0.16
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.09
0.39
0.15
0.25
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.20
0.23
0.18
0.20
0.07
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.12
0.11
0.14
0.13
0.23
0.23
0.21
0.22
to
o
o
-------
206
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
cs
CS
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 •
9
10
11
- 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP-
Depth (m)
1.75
1.75
2
2
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.9
.9
.9
.9
Sedtemp (°C)
20.1
19.5
20.5
20.3
18
17.9
17.5
18.5
19.1
19
19.2
19.7
19.6
19.3
20
19.9
19.8
20.1
19.9
19.8
19.5
19.4
19.5
18.9
16.1
17.3
17.2
17.2
16.5
15.4
14.2
14.1
Sand (%)
79.2
78.2
82.2
82.2
73.2
70.2.
73.2
72.2
58.4
56.4
63.2
66.2
82.2
89.2
89.2
82.2
91.2
82.2
91.2
92.5
85.4
79.4
86.4
85.4
56.8
58.8
56.8
72.8
74.8
74.4
74.4
58.8
Clay (%)
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
2.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
3.6
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
3.6
5.6
3.6
1.6
5.6
2.8
2.8
5.6
Silt (%)
20.0
21.0
17.0
17.0 •
24.0
28.0
25.0
26.0
38.0
40.0
35.0
32.0
16.0
9.0
9.0
16.0
8.0
17.0 .
8.0
6.7
12.8
19.8
12.8
13.8
39.6
35.6
39.6
25.6
19.6
22.8
22.8
35.6
C (%)
1.4
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.1
0.85
1.1
1.2
0.95
0.93
0.99
0.85
1.0
1.2
0.95
0.99
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.8
N (%)
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.11
NJ
O
-------
207
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
Depth (m)
1.75
1.75
1,75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
2
2
2
2
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.5
Sedtemp (°C)
14.3
13.9
14.5
15.4
15.3
15.6
15.8
16.1
17.1
17.5
17.1
18
17.3
18.1
16.7
17.7
17.9
17.3
17.4
15.2
15.4
15.6
15.9
15.7
16.3
16.1
16.1
19.3
19.3
18.7
17.7
18.7
Sand (%)
80.4
88.4
87.4
52.8
54.8
46.8
42.8
86.4
52.8
72.8
78.4
86.4
89.2
90.2
86.2
66.4
46.4
58.4
42.4
76.2
66.4
62.4
59.2
69.2
77.2
73.2
75.2
79.2
81.2
83.8
77.8
72.2
Clay (%)
0.8
1.8
2.8
3.6
5.6
5.6
5.2
0.6
5.2
3.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
0.8
1.8
3.6
5.6
3.6
5.6
1.8
3.6
3.6
4.4
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
0.8
0.4
1.4
1.8
Silt (%)
18.8
9.8
9.8
43.6
39.6
47.6
52.0
13.0
42.0
24.0
20.0
12.0
9.0
9.0
12.0
30.0
48.0
38.0
52.0
22.0
30.0
34.0
36.4
28.4
20.4
24.0
22.0
18.0
18.0
15.8
20.8
26.0
C (%)
0.93
0.77
0.77
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.5
2.3
2.2
.8
.4
.2
. .3
.8
.9
.9
2.2
2.5
2.1
2.7
3.0
2.4
2.8
2.2
2.4
2.1
.5
.4
.6
.7
.7
N (%)
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.13
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.18
0.19
0.17
0.13
0.11
0.12
0.16
0.11
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.13
0.19
0.22
0.17
0.19
0.15
0.17
0.15
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.10
to
o
NJ
-------
208
Month
7
7 '
7
7
.7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
Dredge
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP -
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
Depth (m)
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2
2
2
2
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2
2
2
2
1.3
Sedtemp (°C)
16.8
18.8
19.2
18.8
19
19.1
22.5
22.6
22.3
22.6
20.4
20.2
20.6
20.7
21
20.8
20.9
21
21.4
21.7
20.6
21.8
21.4
21.1
21.5
21.5
21.7
21.6
21.4
21.5
21.8
Sand (%)
76.2
74.2
64.4
72.4
76.4
78.4
83.2
93.2
84.2
81.2
69.6
47.6
60.8
70.8
53.8
50.8
58.8
. 54.8
83.4
89.4
83.4
84.8
87.8
88.8
88.8
83.8
87.8
88.8
83.8
84.8
67.6
Clay (%)
1.8
1.8
3.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
6.8
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.6
1.4
0.4
1.4 .
0.4
0.4
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.4
0.8
Silt (%)
22.0
24.0
32.0
26.0
22.0
20.0
16.0
6.0
15.0
18.0
29.6
45.6
36.0
26.0
43.0
46.0
40.0
44.0
16.0
10.0
15.2
14.8
10.8
10.8
10.8
14.8
11.8
10.8
14.8
13.8
31.6
C (%)
1.5
1.7
2.4
2.0
2.0
1.8
0.82
0.81
0.84
0.95
1.5
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.2
0.86
0.77
1.0
0.92
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
0.91
0.90
1.1
1.1
1.5
N (%
0.09
0.10
0.18
0.14
0.14
0.12
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.13
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
-------
209
Month
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone Depth (m)
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
.3
.3
.3 '
.6
.6
.6
.6
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
.9
DEP 2.25
DEP 2.25
DEP 2.25
DEP 2.25
DEP 0.9
DEP 0.9
DEP 1
DEP 1
CON 3.1
CON 2.75
CON 2.75
CON 2.75
DEP 1.1
DEP 1.1
DEP 1.1
DEP 1.1
DEP 1.25
Sedtemp (°C)
21.8
22.5
22.2
20.6
20.6
20.6
20.5
21.7
21.6
21.7
21.9
21.7
21.7
21.9
22
16.7
16.7
16.6
16.7
15.2
16.1
15
15
18.7
18
18.1
18.2
15.1
15.3
15.4
15.4
16.3
Sand (%)
63.6
58.8
66.8
56.8
71.4
76.4
70.4
94.4
93.4
89.4
95.4
86.4
86.4
82.4
85.4
81.4
48.4
79.8
82.8
87.6
90.6
92.6
89.6
60.4
53.8
83.8
58.8
77.4
72.2
79.2
74.2
74.2
Clay (%)
2.8
3.2
3.2
3.2
1.6
1.6
1.6
0.6
0.6 .
0.6
0.6
1.6
0.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
2.6
1.6
0.6
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.6
3.6
0.6
1.6
0.0
2.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Silt (%)
33.6
38.0
30.0
40.0
27.0
22.0
28.0
5.0
6.0
10.0
4.0
12.0
13.0
16.0
13.0
17.0
49.0
18.6
16.6
11.4
8.4
6.4
9.4
37.0
42.6
15.6
39.6
22.6
25.0
19.0
24.0
24.0
C (%)
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.1
1.4
0.59
0.59
0.77
0.64
0.62
0.88
1.1
0.95
1.6
2.5
1.4
1.4
1.2
0.98
1.0
1.2
2.0
2.5
1.3
2.1
2.0
2.4
1.7
2.3
2.2
N (%)
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.09
0.04
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.06
0.05
0.01
0.11
-------
210
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
. 8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone Depth (m)
DEP 1.25
DEP 1.25
DEP 1.25
CON 2.3
CON 2.3
CON 2.3
DEP 2.7
DEP 2.7
DEP 2.7
DEP 2.7
DEP 2.6
DEP 2.6
DEP 2.6
DEP 2.6
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
.3
.3
.3
.3
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
.8
.8
.8 .
.7
.7
CON 1.7
CON 1.7
DEP 2.5
DEP 2.5
Sedtemp (°C)
15.4
15.4
15.9
20
22.2
20.2
18.3
18.3
18.2
18.1
18
17.9
18.1
17.9
19.1
19
19.2
19.3
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.4
19.8
20
20
19.9
20
20
20.3
19.7
19.3
19.2
Sand (%)
58.4
60.4
62.4
84.2
83.2
77.2
80.8
84.0
84.0
91.0
63.0
61.6
61.6
61.6
81.4
76.4
78.4
76.4
74.2 •
75.2
76.2
73.2
38.4
52.4
65.2
62.7
89.2
85.2
86.2
91.2
86.2
86.6
Clay (%)
3.6
3.6
3.6
0.8
1.8
0.8
0.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1:0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
7.6
5.6
1.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
Silt (%)
38.0
36.0
34.0
15.0
15.0
22.0
18.6
16.0
15.0
9.0
35.0
37.4
36.4
37.4
18.6
23.6
20.6
22.6
25.0
24.0
23.0
26.0
54.0
42.0
33.0
36.5
10.0
14.0
13.0
8.0
13.0
12.4
C (%)
2.8
2.8
2.9
1.5
1.6
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.1
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.5
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
. 1.3
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.3
0.86
0.98
0.96
0.77
1.2
1.2
N (%)
0.18
0.16
0.17
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.09
0.07
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
. 0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
N)
O
L/l
-------
211
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
Depth (m)
2.5
2.5
2.75
2.75
2.75
2.75
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2
2 -
2
2
1
1
1
1
2.8
2.8
Sedtemp (°C)
19.2
19.2
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.4
19.8
19.8
20.5
20.2
17.7
17.5
17.6
17.6
19
18.9
19.5
19.6
19.9
20.1
19.9
20.2
14.8
14.9
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.1
15.2
15.5
16.2
16.2
Sand (%)
83.6
88.6
90.6
86.6
91.6
89.6
73.2
77.2
67.2
78.6
83.6
84.6
89.6
93.6
94.6
92.6
88.6
92.6
43.2
47.2
53.2
49.2
51.2
49.2
45.2
47.2
93.6
92.6
89.0
90.0
54.0
52.0
Clay (%)
1.0
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.4
2.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
4.8
4.8
2.8
2.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
1.4
1.4
0.8
0.8
3.6
3.6
Silt (%)
15.4
11.0
9.0
12.0
7.0
9.0
24.0
20.0
30.0
19.0
14.0
13.0
9.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
10.0
6.0
52.0
48.0
44.0
48.0
42.0
44.0
48.0
46.0
5.0
6.0
10.2
9.2
42.4
44.4
C (%)
1.3
1.4
0.96
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
0.84
0.70
0.60
0.62
0.88
0.57
2.0
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.6
3.1
2.8
3.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
0.99
2.1
2.4
N (%)
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.15
0.20
0.15
0.15
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.10
t-J
o
-------
212
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Depth (m)
2.8
2.8
1
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2
2
2
2
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1
1
1
1
1.25
1.25
Sedtemp (°C)
16.2
16.1
14.7
14.8
15.3
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.7
15.7
17.3
17.1
16.9
16.6
15.9
16
16
16.1
15.6
15.7
15.7
15.6
17.4
17.4
17.4
17.3
16.7
16.9
17
17.4
17.3
17.4
Sand (%)
54.0
54.0
54.0
68.0
60.0
54.0
72.0
85.0
86.0
87.0
56.0
62.0
66.0
55.0
64.0
58.0
56.0
55.0
64.0
61.1
60.0
56.0
94.0
96.0
94.0
96.0
66.0
73.0
74.0
72.0
70.0
69.2
Clay (%)
3.6
3.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
3.6
3.6
1.0
0.8
0.8
3.6
1.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
0.6
3.0
2.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
.6
.0
.6
.6
.6
.2
Silt (%)
42.4
42.4
44.4
30.4
38.4
42.4
24.4
14.0
13.2
12.2
40.4
36.4
32.4
43.4
34.4
40.4
42.4
44.4
33.0
36.7
38.4
42.4
4.2
3.2
5.2
3.2
32.4
26.0
24.4
26.4
28.4
29.6
C (%)
2.4
1.9
3.2
2.2
2.0
2.7
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.5
2.4
2.1
2.0
2.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
0.65
0.59
0.60
0.53
.2
.2
.1
.f
.2
1.2
N (%)
0.09
0.07
0.16
0.11
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.12
0.09
0.10
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.07
0.07
0.15
0.10
0.14
0.16
0.01
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
N)
O
-J
-------
213
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9 .
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2"
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Depth (m)
1.25
1.25
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
2.25
2.25
2.25
2.25
2
2
Sedtemp (°C)
17.3
17.1
17.1
17
16.9
16.7
15.8
16.3
16.1
16.4
16.6
15.8
15.8
16
17.5
16.1
16.9
17.4
15.5
15.9
16
16
16.2
16.5
16.2
16.5
17
17
16.8
16.8
13.5
13.5
Sand (%)
75.2
73.2
93.6
93.6
95.6
95.6
87.2
89.6
88.6
89.6
86.6
90.6
89.6
87.6
73.2
75.2
75.2
79.2
33.2
51.2
37.2
68.2
98.6
97.6
91.6
93.6
81.6
81.6
63.2
70.0
80.0
74.0
Clay (%)
1.2
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.6
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
2.6
0.8
0.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
3.6
6.0
2.0
4.0
Silt (%)
23.6
25.6
5.6
5.6
3.6
3.6
11.2
9.6
10.6
9.6
12.6
8.6
9.6
11.6
25.2
23.2
23.2
19.2
61.2
43.2
57.2
29.2
0.6
1.6
6.6
4.6
16.6
16.6
33.2
24.0
18.0
22.0
C (%)
1.3
1.4
0.62
0.76
0.74
0.66
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.94
1.4
1.5
- 1.3
1.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.7
0.42
0.51
0.57
0.54
0.96
.1
.5
.1
.6
.9
N(%
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.06
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.07
o
00
-------
214
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
Depth (m)
2
2
1
1
1
1
2.5
2.5
2.5
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.65
2
2
2
2
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
Sedtemp (°C)
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.5
14.5
. 13.5
13.5
12
12
12.5
12.4
11.6
12.1
12.1
12.5
14.5
14.5
13.2
13.5
11.2
11.6
12.1
11.5
12
12.3
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
Sand (%)
78.0
78.0
93.0
94.0
93.0
92.0
58.0
70.0
56.0
50.0
56.0
56.0
58.0
52.0
61.2
67.7
66.2
78.2
77.7
80.2
66.7
66.0
66.0
74.0
74.0
76.0
74.0
78.0
81.0
93.0
92.0
95.0
Clay (%)
2.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
2.3
1.8
2.3
1.8
1.8
1.3
1.8
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
Silt (%) C
20.0 1
18.0 2
6.0 0
5.0 0
6.0 0
7.0 0
36.0 :
26.0 :
40.0 :
46.0 :
42.0
42.0
38.0
44.0 ;
36.5 ;
30.5 :
31.5 ;
20.0
20.5
18.5
31.5 :
32.0
32.0
24.0
24.0
22.0
24.0
20.0
18.0
6.0 0
7.0 0
5.0 0
(%)
.6
..0
.75
.74
.88
.85
1.4
'..0
1.4
1.2
.8
.5
1.7
1.5
l.\
>.l
.9
.7
.5
1.4
.1
.8
.8
.7
.5
.6
.6
.3
.50
.70
.56
N (%)
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.07
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
to
o
-------
215
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG '
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
ADS
AD3
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Depth (m)
2.5
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2
2
2
2
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
Sedtemp (°C)
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
12
12
12
11.6
11.6
11.4
11.5
11.1
11.6
11.1
11.4
11.3
11.5
11.2
11.1
11.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.2
11.2
11.2
11.2
10.9
10.9
11
11
Sand (%)
93.0
69.7
64.0
71.8
80.0
36.0
6.7.3
55.6
71.8
87.8
93.2
86.8
86.0
85.8
87.8
79.6
88.8
86.8
90.2
90.8
90.8
87.3
88.3
92.8
82.3
83.8
81.3
88.8
80.6
86.0
87.0
87.0
Clay (%)
0.0
2.5
5.5
3.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
1.2
1.7
0.8
0.2
0.2
1.2
1.2
2.4
0.2
1.2
0.8
0.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.2
1.2
1.2
0.7
1.2
0.0
1.0
1.0
Silt (%)
7.0
27.8
30.5
25.2
19.0
59.0
30.7
42.4
27.0
10.5
6.0
13.0
13.8
13.0
11.0
18.0
11.0
12.0
9.0
8.5
8.0
11.5
10.5
6.0
17.5
15.0
17.5
10.5
18.2
14.0
12.0
12.0
C (%)
0.54
1.4
1.9
1.4
1.2
1.9
1.3
1.6
1.3
0.97
0.75
0.85
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.2
0.93
0.90
0.85
0.84
0.87
0.77
1.1
0.93
1.2
0.85
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
N (%)
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
K>
O
-------
216
Month Industry Site Dredge Zone Depth (m) Sedtemp (°C) Sand (%) Clay (%) Silt (%) C (%) N (%)
10 AG AD3 9 CON 2.5 10.5 87.0 1.0 12.0 1.4 0.01
10 AG ADS 10 CON 2.5 10.9 86.0 1.0 13.0 1.1 0.01
10 AG ADS 11 CON 2.5 11 ' 88.0 1.0 11.0 . 1.2 0.01
10 AG ADS 12 CON 2.5 11.1 81.0 1.0 18.0 1.1 0.01
-------
217
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g-1)
22000
32000
26000
29000
18000
18000
20000
18000
51000
39000
45000
39000
50000
47000
51000
49000
41000
48000
38000
43000
37000
15000
21000
23000
33000
31000
38000
33000
39000
43000
42000
40000
Mg Oig-g'1)
4200
5400
4900
4800
4000
3800
4000
3700
9000
7300
8600
7800
5800
5400
6000
5900
5700
5500
4500
4900
3400
1600
2100
3400
5600
4900
6400
5900
5700
6500
6100
5900
K (ug-g-1)
1500
2100
1500
1600
1200
1200
130
1200
4200
3200
4100
3600
2400
2100
2600
2300
2300
2300
1800
1900
1400
690
920
1200
1900
1800
2500
2100
2100
2400
2400
2300
Na (ug-g"1)
440
500
420
440
460 '
470
480
500
530
490
500
520
490
460
500
490
500
510
470
510
590
210
380
410
410
400
430
440
440
470
480
450
Zn (ug-g-1)
60
68
65
60
53
50
58
52
80
58
69
64
56
57
60
57
62
72
60
63
34
32
22
29
47
45
56
49
64
71
72
69
Mn (ug-g'1)
160
180
170
160
150
150
160
170
450
280
390
370
160
150
170
160
190
180
160
180
160
110
100
120
170
160
190
180
170
180
180
190
Cu (ug-g-1)
17
24
20
19
16
15
17
16
32
19
25
23
16
16
17
17
15
17
14
15
11
10
7.5
9.7
15
15
18
16
18
20
19
18
-------
218
onth
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
CS
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (jig-g1)
26000
27000
23000
25000
29000
30000
30000
31000
27000
26000
27000
27000
25000
23000
23000
25000
24000
24000
24000
23000
25000
28000
24000
23000
33000
34000
34000
26000
25000
22000
23000
29000
Mg (fig-g'1)
4600
4800
4200
4300
5100
5600
5500
5300
6400
6600
6600
6600
4400
3900
4200
4400
4000
4000
4100
4000
4300
4600
4200
4300
5700
5900
5800
4700
5100
4400
4600
5500
K (ng-g1)
1700
1800
1500
1600
1900
2100
2100
1900
2400
2400
2400
2300
1600
1400
1600
1600
1500
1400
1400
1400
1500
1600
1200
1200
2100
2000
2000
1400
1600
1300
1500
1900
Na (jig-g'1)
400
390
380
380
470
500
490
450
570
560
550
580
450
470
500
500
440
440
450
420
440
460
380
370
410
410
400
350
380
340
380
410
Zn Oig-g ')
40
41
40
.38
41
47
43
41
44
44
44
43
36
34
40
37
34
34
33
33
33
37
41
36
49
49
47
40
41
37
37
43
Mn (fig-g'1)
180
180
170
170
230
230
230
240
240
230
240
240
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
160
170
160
150
200
200
200
180
150
150
160
180
Cu(ng-g-')
13
12
11
12
13
12
12
12
15
15
15
14
11
9.6
11
11
9.7
8.8
14
8.6
9.7
11
11
8.2
19
14
14
11
11
9.5
10
14
-------
219
onth
6
6
6
6
6
6
6 '
7
7
7
7
7-
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
. AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
Ca (ug-g "')
19000
17000
18000
42000
31000
31000
34000
26000
38000
31000
28000
25000
22000
23000
28000
35000
33000
36000
39000
39000
44000
47000
46000
46000
40000
38000
35000
34000
35000
36000
37000
32000
Mg (ug-g'1)
3700
3200
3500
6200
6600
6500
6500
4900
6900
5800
5400
4300
4200
4000
4700
5900
6000
5900
5900
4700
5500
5800
6200
5500
5200
5400
4700
4800
4800
4900
5200
5000
K Gig'g'1)
1400
1100
1100
2600
2300
2700
2900
1500
2800
2000
1800
1300
1200
1200
1600
2200
2100
2200
2500
1600
2000
2100
2400
1900
1900
2000
1400
1500
1500
1600
1700
1600
Na (ug-g~')
370
350
360
620
660
520
580
580
560
490
530
480
470
440
500
510
510
480
500
400
410
430
470
440
420
410
360
390
430
430
420
410
Zn (ug-g'1)
40
36
38
57
52
54
57
69
75
73
72
57
55
54
64
47
46
48
52
44
53
59
48 •
55
54
52
47
40
39
38
39
45
Mn (ug-g'1)
160
140
150
280
220
220
220
190
220
180
170
160
150
160
170
190
190
200
220
240
150
160
180
150
150
140
140
140
150
150
150
160
Cu (ug-g'!)
9.7
8.3
9.4
21
17
18
18
18
26
24
22
16
16
15
19
14
13
15
18
12
15
17
17
16
15
15
13
12
12
12
13
12
-------
220
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
Dredge
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
Ca (fig-g1)
30000
32000
36000
32000
30000
29000
19000
19000
19000
21000
31000
40000
32000
30000
24000
24000
24000
24000
21000
20000
22000
21000
27000
26000
29000
28000
24000
24000
26000
27000
30000
Mg (jig-g"1)
4400
4800
5700
5300
5200
5100
3200
3200
3100
3500
6000
7800
6400
5900
6300
6700
5900
5900
4300
4300
4500
4100
4400
5100
5100
5400
5000
4800
5100
5000
6100
K (ng-g'1)
1500
1700
1900
1800
1700
1700
1100
1100
1000
1200
2000
3100
2300
1900
2200
2400
2000
1900
1300
1300
1500
1400
1500
2200
2100
2300
2000
2000
1800
1800
2500
Na (jig-g"1)
390
410
390
380
380
380
300
320
330
320
410
450
440
420
430
440
430
390
410
410
390
370
410
560
550
560
530
520
450 •
510
550
Zn (ng-g1)
44
47
61
56
54
55
31
31
30
33
44
60
44
39
40
44
40
39
36
36
37
38
36
43
40
41
•37
38
37
37
45
Mn (jtg-g'1)
160
170
180
170
160
160
110
110
110
120
200
300
220
190
200
220
210
200
140
140
140
140
160
170
170
180
160
160
170
170
190
Cu (ng-g ')
11
12
16
15
14
14
8.7
8.9
8.9
9.7
13
18
14
13
14
14
12
13
10
10
11
11
11
13
10
11
9.6
11
10
9.3
13
-------
221
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ.
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g-1)
32000
33000
32000
30000
27000
25000
26000
17000
17000
18000
17000
36000
34000
34000
31000
23000
39000
24000
23000
24000
20000
20000
22000
35000
36000
24000
36000
36000
40000
31000
41000
38000
Mg (ug-g"1)
6500
6500
6500
6600
5700
5500
6000
3700
3900
3700
3600
20000
18000
15000
13000
4900
8500
5300
5500
4600
4200
4200
4700
6900
6900
5400
6900
5200
5300
4800
5300
5600
KOig-g-1)
3100
3100
2500
2600
2200
2100
2600
1600
1700
1400
1600
3900
3400
3000
3300
2000
3800
2000
2200
1800
1600
1500
1600
2800
3300
2100
3200
2300
2300
2100
2300
2400
Na (ug-g-1)
580
550
670
610
600
630
610
550
550
420
520
3900
3200
2400
2000
540
480
570
620
550
540
580
560
500
480
600
510
450
460
440
460
480
Zn (ug-g'1)
49
49
50
47
44
43
43
39
37
37
36
80
75
66
65
73
60
76
63
57
51
53
58
53
56
65
52
51
50
50
51
57
Mn (ng-g"1)
200
190
200
190
170
160
170
150
150
140
150
590
530
430
390
180
300
190
180
160
150
150
160
250
250
180
250
140
140
130
140
160
Cu (fig1
15
15
17
15
12
13
15
10
11
10
11
35
32
26
23
'25
17
25
25
16
16
17
19
17
17
19
14
11
13
10
12
12
-------
222
onth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ca (fig-g1)
46000
42000
42000
37000
40000
39000
28000
26000
26000
22000
38000
39000
40000
37000
27000
31000
29000
25000
29000
30000
29000
29000
35000
32000
28000
29000
24000
27000
26000
24000
30000
30000
Mg (jig-g'1)
6500
6100
6000
5000
5500
6100
4600
4300
3900
3400
6300
6400
6700
6000
4200
5000
5000
4600
6100
6100
5700
6200
9100
7600
6900
7400
4600
5100
4900
4500
5600
5900
K(ng-g')
3000
2700
2600
1900
2000
2300
1900
1900
1800
1600
2900
2800
2900
2800
2000
2100
2200
2400
2300
2400
2200
2500
3900
3300
2800
3000
1900
2000
1900
1800
2200
2300
Na (jig-g'1)
510
480
550
510
540
520
410
410
360
400
480
460
480
450
430
430
450
420
490
530
490
520
570
590
580
580
600
580
590
730
510
550
Zn Otg-g-1)
74
69
69
36
41
39
41
44
43
40
72
70
69
65
40
41
41
47
39
40
40
41
58
54
46
47
37
42
40
40
41
44
Mn (ng-g"1)
190
180
210
150
160
150
180
170
160
150
170
170
170
160
140
160
160
140
180
190
180
190
280
260
220
230
150
160
150
150
190
180
Cu (Hg-g1)
17
15
15
9.6
12
12
12
11
9.2
7.8
18
18
18
15
12
10
12
11
12
12
12
12
18
16
13
14
10
11
10
10
12
11
-------
223
lonth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
Ca (fig-g"1)
34000
30000
30000
31000
29000
30000
24000
25000
26000
23000
25000
24000
18000
17000
14000
18000
21000
16000
35000
35000
31000
31000
41000
43000
43000
44000
23000
22000
23000
20000
37000
40000
Mg (ug-g'1)
5700
5700
5300
5700
5400
5700
4600
4700
5100
4300
4700
4400
3600
3000
3000
3400
3800
3100
7400
6700
6700
6600
7600
8100
8300
8200
4800
4600
4800
4700
7400
7700
KOig-g1)
2400
2400
2100
2300
2100
2100
2100
2100
2400
1900
1900
1800
1600
1300
1200
1400
1600
1200
4000
3700
3400
3600
3800
4100
4100
4100
1700
1700
1700
1600
2900
3100
Na (ftg-g"1)
560
530
570
570
560
570
470
480
560
470
430
420
410
400
430
400
420
380
590
540
570
600
490
480
490
490
580
590
540
560
470
490
Zn ((tg'g"')
48
44
41
42
46
41
48
45
45
44
39
38
35
34
36
39
45
35
60
59
56
61
86
99
90
100
57
62
57
58
55
59
Mn (jig-g"')
200
190
180
190
180
190
190
180
190
180
170
170
150
140
120
140
150
130
240
230
220
210
270
270
290
310
170
180
170
170
220
250
Cu (fig-g'1)
15
13
11
12
11
12
15
14
14
12
9.8
10
8.3
7.1
7.3
7.7
12
8.5
22
22
19
18
33
36
36
40
17
19
19
64
18
19
KJ
oo
-------
224
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g1)
47000
38000
47000
38000
34000
43000
36000
31000
31000
31000
41000
40000
40000
40000
34000
35000
37000
35000
42000
37000
35000
35000
15000
14000
17000
15000
24000
22000
23000
22000
27000
27000
Mg (ug-g1)
8800
7500
5800
5700
6200
6900
5500
4800
5000
4900
6900
6800
7000
6600
6200
6900
7200
7000
6400
6400
6200
6300
3000
2900
3200
3100
5500
5200
5600
5200
6000
6000
KOig-g'1)
3500
3100
3000
2800
3000
3300
2400
2000
2300
2100
3000
2700
2800
2700
2600
2600
2700
2600
2800
3000
2800
2900
1200
1300
1300
1200
2200
2100
2300
2300
2500
2400
Na (ug-g-1)
500
520
460
420
470
460
470
440
470
470
480
500
470
440
460
450
440
440
440
450
420
430
350
360
400
360
460
440
510
470
510
490
Zn (ug-g-1)
78
55
56
52
51
59
48
50
48
53
50
45
45
52
50
51
55
51
68
150
67
83
34
36
35
34
48
46
50
52
45
43
Mn (ug-g-1)
310
250
160
150
150
160
150
140
140
160
180
180
190
190
190
200
210
190
180
250
170
200
120
120
130
130
230
210
240
210
240
230
Cu (ug-g1)
26
17
16
14
14
17
11
9.6
11
10
15
13
14
17
14
14
15
14
18
56
19
47
11
7.7
8.1
7.1
14
13
15
14
15
15
-------
225
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5 .
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ca Oig-g'1)
26000
27000
17000
18000
17000
17000
25000
25000
26000
25000
31000
24000
26000
24000
26000
23000
25000
22000
32000
39000
36000
31000
12000
14000
13000
13000
32000
34000
34000
35000
31000
31000
Mg (jig-g"')
5600
6100
3500
3700
3500
3400
4600
4200
4600
4600
4800
4400
4300
4500
4800
4300
4800
4500
8100
7100
7500
5700
3100
3200
3200
3200
16000
14000
10000
14000
6300
6400
K (ug-g1)
2200
2600
1400
1500
1400
1300
1900
1800
1900
2000
2100
1800
1700
1700
2200
2000
2200
2000
4500
3600
4400
2800
1200
1200
1500
1400
3600
3000
3800
3700
2800
2900
Na (ng-g"1)
500
480
520
500
500
510
440
440
450
490
480
470
480
480
480
420
470
490
480
460
440
420
490
410
410
440
3600
2800
1700
3200
660
610
Zn (fig-g'1)
44
47
33
31
33
30
37
33
38
60
40
36
37
35
46
51
42
43
64
58
73
49
32
34
32
32
74
77
65
76
69
76
Mn (ng'g"')
230
220
120
130
120
120
150
140
150
180
160
150
150
150
170
160
170
170
260
260
280
200
120
130
130
130
480
420
340
460
210
210
Cu (fig-g-1)
12
13
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.5
14
9.0
9.2
34
12
9.5
12
8.7
15
12
12
11
22
19
24
15
8.2
12
8.3
8.3
30
29
23
30
25
27
to
NJ
O
-------
226
onth
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 f
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
Ca (fig-g"1)
29000
35000
19000
19000
19000
19000
40000
37000
41000
34000
26000
26000
30000
33000
35000
38000
37000
45000
41000
37000
52000
33000
34000
34000
33000
29000
29000
29000
25000
13000
15000
12000
Mg (fig-g"1)
6000
6700
4000
3900
4100
4000
7000
6400
7300
6800
6100
6200
5700
6100
6200
5900
5900
7200
7200
6400
8300
6500
6600
6700
6500
5500
5400
5700
4500
2900
3000
2500
K (fig-g"1)
2600
2900
1800
1800
1700
1800
3500
3000
3700
3000
2600
2700
2300
2400
2700
2500
2600
2100
2200
2100
2500
2900
3100
3000
2900
2600
2500
2600
2300
1200
1500
1200
Na (fig-g"1)
590
700
620
610
600
600
530
550
560
420
420
420
390
420
460
400
. 430
580
1100
900
580
450
460
470
520
490
490
490
450
380
360
330
Zn (Mg'g"')
70
70
53
54
53
52
59
52
66
100
47
67
63
44
48
44
50
38
41
42
37
52
51
53
50
54
51
50
46
31
32
29
Mn (fig-g"1)
200
230
150
160
140
150
230
190
250
160
140
160
130
140
160
160
150
200
.250
200
240
170
170
180
180
140
120
130
120
120
122
110
Cu (fig-g-1)
23
25
17
17
18
17
19
16
21
17
13
14
13
17
14
14
14
12
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
. 15
13
12
8.2
9.1
8.4
K)
t-O
-------
227
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG .
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (jig-g1)
13000
29000
36000
29000
26000
33000
27000
31000
27000
22000
20000
20000
30000
28000
28000
32000
25000
28000
23000
23000
15000
19000
17000
17000
26000
20000
25000
17000
20000
15000
19000
21000
Mg (ug-g'1)
2800
6200
7300
6300
5600
9000
7000
7600
6800
4600
4300
4300
5200
5200
5200
5600
4700
5200
4600
4700
3100
4000
3100
3200
4900
3900
4700
3000
4600
3500
4400
4500
K (Jig-g1)
1000
2500
3300
2500
2000
4400
2900
3200
2600
1700
1700
1700
2100
2100
1900
2200
1700
1900
1700
1700
1500
1700
1400
1400
2200
1700
2200
1500
1800
1500
1800
2100
Na (ug-g1)
340
480
480
470
460
530
580
560
570
520
540
520
480
490
480
500
470
460
440
450
460
470
500
480
490
443
490
430
. 440
400
430
530
Zn (ug-g-1)
120
43
52
43
38
61
46
64
45
43
37
37
44
38
37
40
37
37
34
33
33
96
34
59
37
39
48
42
38
33
37
110
Mn (ug-g'1)
200
210
270
210
180
290
230
270
220
160
150
150
170
170
160
180
150
160
140
150
110
150
120
160
160
. 140
170
130
140
110
130
140
Cu (ug-
9.7
12
15
12
10
19
15
17
14
11
17
12
12
12
11
13
11
11
10
10
14
12
11
22
12
13
17
9.6
13
9.8
12
14
-------
228
Month
10
10
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
Ca (ug-g'1)
25000
24000
25000
23000
Mg (ug-g'1)
5200
4800
5100
5100
K ("g-g')
2200
2000
2100
2200
Na (ug-g'1)
450
750
470
470
Zn (ug-g1)
36
33
75
37
Mn (ug-g'1)
140
140
180
140
Cu (ug-g'1)
14
14
14
20
-------
229
[onto
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (jig-g'1)
22000
32000
26000
29000
18000
18000
20000
18000
51000
39000
45000
39000
50000
47000
51000
49000
41000
48000
38000
43000
37000
15000
21000
23000
33000
31000
38000
33000
39000
43000
42000
40000
Mg (fig-g"')
4200
5400
4900
4800
4000
3800
4000
3700
9000
7300
8600
7800
5800
5400
6000
5900
5700
5500
4500
4900
3400
1600
2100
3400
5600
4900
6400
5900
5700
6500
6100
5900
K (ng-g1)
1500
2100
1500
1600
1200
1200
130
1200
4200
3200
4100
3600
2400
2100
2600
2300
2300
2300
1800
1900
1400
690
920
1200
1900
1800
2500
2100
2100
2400
2400
2300
Na (ng-g1)
440
500
420
440
460
470
480
500
530
490
500
520
490
460
500
490
500
510
470
510
590
210
380
410
410
400
430
440
440
470
480
450
Zn (fig-g1)
60
68
65
60
53
50
58
52
80
58
69
64
56
57
60
57
62
72
60
63
34
32
22
29
47
45
56
49
64
71
72
69
Mn (jig-g1)
160
180
170
160
150
150
160
170
450
280
390
370
160
150
170
160
190
180
160
180
160
110
100
120
170
160
190
180
170
180
180
190
Cu (fig-g"1)
17
24
20
19
16
15
17
16
32
19
25
23
16
16
17
17
15
17
14
15
11
10
7.5
9.7
15
15
18
16
18
20
19
18
-------
230
onth
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
CS
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
AD3
AD3
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ng-g1)
26000
27000
23000
25000
29000
30000
30000
31000
27000
26000
27000
27000
25000
23000
23000
25000
24000
24000
24000
23000
25000
28000
24000
23000
33000
34000
34000
26000
25000
22000
23000
29000
Mg Oig-g"1)
4600
4800
4200
4300
5100
5600
5500
5300
6400
6600
6600
6600
4400
3900
4200
4400
4000
4000
4100
4000
4300
4600
4200
4300
5700
5900
5800
4700
5100
4400
4600
5500
K fag-g'1)
1700
1800
1500
1600
1900
2100
2100
1900
2400
2400
2400
2300
1600
1400
1600
1600
1500
1400
1400
1400
1500
1600
1200
1200
2100
2000
2000
1400
1600
1300
1500
1900
Na(ug-g')
400
390
380
380
470
500
490
450
570
560
550
580
450
470
500
500
440
440
450
420
440
460
380
370
410
410
400
350
380
340
380
410
Z" (Hg'g'1)
40
41
40
38
41
47
43
41
44
44
44
43
36
34
40
37
34
34
33
33
33
37
41
36
49
49
47
40
41
37
37
43
Mn (jig-g'1)
180
180
170
170
230
230
230
240
240
230
240
240
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
160
170
160
150
200
200
200
180
150
150
160
180
Cu (ug-g'1)
13
12
11
12
13
12
12
12
15
15
15
14
11
9.6
11
11
9.7
8.8
14
8.6
9.7
11
11
8.2
19
14
14
11
11
9.5
10
14
to
to
-------
231
onth
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
Ca (ug-g1)
19000
17000
18000
42000
31000
31000
34000
26000
38000
31000
28000
25000
22000
23000
28000
35000
33000
36000
39000
39000
44000
47000
46000
46000
40000
38000
35000
34000
35000
36000
37000
32000
Mg (ug-g"')
3700
3200
3500
6200
6600
6500
6500
4900
6900
5800
5400
4300
4200
4000
4700
5900
6000
5900
5900
4700
5500
5800
6200
5500
5200
5400
4700
4800
4800
4900
5200
5000
KOig-g"1)
1400
1100
1100
2600
2300
2700
2900
1500
2800
2000
1800
1300
1200
1200
1600
2200
2100
2200
2500
1600
2000
2100
2400
1900
1900
2000
1400
1500
1500
1600
1700
1600
NaOig-g"1)
370
350
360
620
660
520
580
580
560
490
530
480
470
440
500
510
510
480
500
400
410
430
470
440
420
410
360
390
430
430
420
410
Zn (ug-g"1)
40
36
38
57
52
54
57
69
75
73
72
57
55
54
64
47
46
48
52
44
53
59
48
55
54
52
47
40
39
38
39
45
Mn (ug-g"1)
160
140
150
280
220
220
220
190
220
180
170
160
150
160
170
190
190
200
220
240
150
160
180
150
150
140
140
140
150
150
150
160
Cu (ug-g"1)
9.7
8.3
9.4
21
17
18
18
18
26
24
22
16
16
15
19
14
13
15
18
12
15
17
17
16
15
15
13
12
12
12
13
12
K)
K)
-------
232
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site Dredge
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs-
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
Ca Gig-g-')
30000
32000
36000
32000
30000
29000
19000
19000
19000
21000
31000
40000
32000
30000
24000
24000
24000
24000
21000
20000
22000
21000
27000
26000
29000
28000
24000
24000
26000
27000
30000
Mg (ug-g'1)
4400
4800
5700
5300
5200
5100
3200
3200
3100
3500
6000
7800
6400
5900
6300
6700
5900
5900
4300
4300
4500
4100
4400
5100
5100
5400
5000
4800
5100
5000
6100
K (ng-g1)
1500
1700
1900
1800
1700
1700
1100
1100
1000
1200
2000
3100
2300
1900
2200
2400
2000
1900
1300
1300
1500
1400
1500
2200
2100
2300
2000
2000
1800
1800
2500
Na (ftg-g"')
390
410
390
380
380
380
300
320
330
320
410
450
440
420
430
440
430
390
410
410
390
370
410
560
550
560
530
520
450
510
550
Zn (fig-g-1)
44
47
61
56
54
55
31
31
30
33
44
60
44
39
40
44
40
39
36
36
37
38
36
43
40
41
37
38
37
37
45
Mn (jig-g'1)
160
170
180
170
160
160
110
110
110
120
200
300
220
190
200
220
210
200
140
140
140
140
160
170
170
180
160
160
170
170
190
Cu (ng-g1)
11
12
16
15
14
14
8.7
8.9
8.9
9.7
13
18
14
13
14
14
12
13
10
10
11
11
11
13
10
11
9.6
11
10
9.3
13
N)
S)
-------
233
lonth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g-1)
32000
33000
32000
30000
27000
25000
26000
17000
17000
18000
17000
36000
34000
34000
31000
23000
39000
24000
23000
24000
20000
20000
22000
35000
36000
24000
36000
36000
40000
31000
41000
38000
Mg (ug-g1)
6500
6500
6500
6600
5700
5500
6000
3700
3900
3700
3600
20000
18000
15000
13000
4900
8500
5300
5500
4600
4200
4200
4700
6900
6900
5400
6900
5200
5300
4800
5300
5600
K(ug-g')
3100
3100
2500
2600
2200
2100
2600
1600
1700
1400
1600
3900
3400
3000
3300
2000
3800
2000
2200
1800
1600
1500
1600
2800
3300
2100
3200
2300
2300
2100
2300
2400
Na (fig-g"1)
580
550
670
610
600
630
610
550
550
420
520
3900
3200
2400
2000
540
480
570
620
550
540
580
560
500
480
600
510
450
460
440
460
480
Zn (ug-g-1)
.49
49
50
47
44
43
43
39
37
37
36
80
75
66
65
73
60
76
63
57
51
53
58
53
56
65
52
51
50
50
51
57
Mn (ug-g-1)
200
190
200
190
170
160
170
150
150
140
150
590
530
430
390
180
300
190
180
160
150
150
160
250
250
180
250
140
140
130
140
160
Cu (ttg-g'1)
15
15
17
15
12
13
15
10
11
10
11
35
32
26
23
25
17
25
25
16
16
17
19
17
17
19
14
11
13
10
12
12
to
N>
oo
-------
234
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ca (ng-g1)
46000
42000
42000
37000
40000
39000
28000
26000
26000
22000
38000
39000
40000
37000
27000
31000
29000
25000
29000
30000
29000
29000
35000
32000
28000
29000
24000
27000
26000
24000
30000
30000
Mg (Jig-g'1)
6500
6100
6000
5000
5500
6100
4600
4300
3900
3400
6300
6400
6700
6000
4200
5000
5000
4600
6100
6100
5700
6200
9100
7600
6900
7400
4600
5100
4900
4500
5600
5900
K(ug-g-')
3000
2700
2600
1900
2000
2300
1900
1900
1800
1600
2900
2800
2900
2800
2000
2100
2200
2400
2300
2400
2200
2500
3900
3300
2800
3000
1900
2000
1900
1800
2200
2300
NaOig-g'1)
510
480
550
510
540
520
410
410
360
400
480
460
480
450
430
430
450
420 .
490
530
490
520
570
590
580
580
600
580
590
730
510
550 .
Zn (fig-g1)
74
69
69
36
41
39
41
44
43
40
72
70
69
65
40
41
41
47
39
40
40
41
58
54
46
47
37
42
40
40
41
44
Mn (Hg-g"1)
190
180
210
150
160
150
180
170
160
150
170
170
170
160
140
160
160
140
180
190
180
190
280
260
220
230
150
160
150
150
190
180
Cu (jig-g1)
17
15
15
9.6
12
12
12
11
9.2
7.8
18
18
18
15
12
10
12
11
12
12
12
12
18
16
13
14
10
11
10
10
12
11
(0
to
VO
-------
235
lonth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
Ca (ug-g-')
34000
30000
30000
31000
29000
30000
24000
25000
26000
23000
25000
24000
18000
17000
14000
18000
21000
16000
35000
35000
31000
31000
41000
43000
43000
44000
23000
22000
23000
20000
37000
40000
Mg (ug-g1)
5700
5700
5300
5700
5400
5700
4600
4700
5100
4300
4700
4400
3600
3000
3000
3400
3800
3100
7400
6700
6700
6600
7600
8100
8300
8200
4800
4600
4800
4700
7400
7700
K (ug-g-1)
2400
2400
2100
2300
2100
2100
2100
2100
2400
1900
1900
1800
1600
1300
1200
1400
1600
1200
4000
3700
3400
3600
3800
4100
4100
4100
1700
1700
1700
1600
2900
3100
NaOig-g'1)
560
530
570
570
560
570
470
480
560
470
430
420 .
410
400
430
400
420
380
590
540
570
600
490
480
490
490
580
590
540
560
470
490
Zn (ug-g-1)
48
44
41
42
46
41
48
45
45
44
39
38
35
34
36
39
45
35
60
59
56
61
86
99
90
100
57
62
57
58
55
59
Mn (ug-g"1)
200
190
180
190
180
190
190
180
190
180
170
170
150
140
120
140
150
130
240
230
220
210
270
270
290
310
170
180
170
170
220
250
Cu (ug1
15
13
11
12
11
12
15
14
14
12
9.8
10
8.3
7.1
7.3
7.7
12
8.5
22
22
19
18
33
36
36
40
17
19
19
64
18
19
K>
O->
o
-------
236
onth
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
.9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (jig-g1)
47000
38000
47000
38000
34000
43000
36000
31000
31000
31000
41000
40000
40000
40000
34000
35000
37000
35000
42000
37000
35000
35000
15000
14000
17000
15000
24000
22000
23000
22000
27000
27000
Mg (ng-g"1)
8800
7500
5800
5700
6200
6900
5500
4800
5000
4900
6900
6800
7000
6600
6200
6900
7200
7000
6400
6400
6200
6300
3000
2900
3200
3100
5500
5200
5600
5200
6000
6000
KOig-g'1)
3500
3100
3000
2800
3000
3300
2400
2000
2300
2100
3000
2700
2800
2700
2600
2600
2700
2600
2800
3000
2800
2900
1200
1300
1300
1200
2200
2100
2300
2300
2500
2400
NaOig-g1)
500
520
460
420
470
460
470
440
470
470
480
500
470
440
460
450
440
440
440
450
420
430
350
360
400
360
460
440
510
470
510
490
Zn Oig-g'1)
78
55
56
52
51
59
48
50
48
53
50
45
45
52
50
51
55
51
68
150
67
83
34
36
35
34
48
46
50
52
45
43
Mn (ng'g"1)
310
250
160
150
150
160
150
140
140
160
180
180
190
190
190
200
210
190
180
250
170
200
120
120
130
130
230
210
240
210
240
230
Cu (ftg-g1)
26
17
16
14
14
17
11
9.6
11
10
15
13
14
17
14
14
15
14
18
56
19
47
11
7.7
8.1
7.1
14
13
15
14
15
15
-------
237
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g-1)
26000
27000
17000
18000
17000
17000
25000
25000
26000
25000
31000
24000
26000
24000
26000
23000
25000
22000
32000
39000
36000
31000
12000
14000
13000
13000
32000
34000
34000
35000
31000
31000
Mg (ug-g-1)
5600
6100
3500
3700
3500
3400
4600
4200
4600
4600
4800
4400
4300
4500
4800
4300
4800
4500
8100
7100
7500
5700
3100
3200
3200
3200
16000
14000
10000
14000
6300
6400
K (ug-g-1)
2200
2600
1400
1500
1400
1300
1900
1800
1900
2000
2100
1800
1700
1700
2200
2000
2200
2000
4500
3600
4400
2800
1200
1200
1500
1400
3600
3000
3800
3700
2800
2900
Na (ug-g1)
500
480
520
500
500
510
440
440
450
490
480
470
480
480
480
420
470
490
480
460
440
420
490
410
410
440
3600
2800
1700
3200
660
610
Zn (ug-g'1)
44
47
33
31
33
30
37
33
38
60
40
36
37
35
46
51
42
43
64
58
73
49
32
34
32
32
74
77
65
76
69
76
Mn (ug-g"1)
230
220
120
130
120
120
150
140
150
180
160
150
150
150
170
160
170
170
260
260
280
200
120
130
130
130
480
420
340
460
210
210
Cu (ug-g1)
12
13
7.6
7.6
7.2
7.5
14
9.0
9.2
34
12
9.5
12
8.7
15
12
12
11
22
19
24
15
8.2
12
8.3
8.3
30
29
23
30
25
27
to
U)
to
-------
238
onth
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP •
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
Ca (fig-g1)
29000
35000
19000
19000
19000
19000
40000
37000
41000
34000
26000
26000
30000
33000
35000
38000
37000
45000
41000
37000
52000
33000 '
34000
34000
33000
29000
29000
29000
25000
13000
15000
12000
Mg (ng-g1)
6000
6700
4000
3900
4100
4000
7000
6400
7300
6800
6100
6200
5700
6100
6200
5900
5900
7200
7200
6400
8300
6500
6600
6700
6500
5500
5400
5700
4500
2900
3000
2500
K (Hg-g"')
2600
2900
1800
1800
1700
1800
3500
3000
3700
3000
2600
' 2700
2300
2400
2700
2500
2600
2100
2200
2100
2500
2900
3100
3000
2900
2600
2500
2600
2300
1200
1500
1200
Na (fig-g-1)
590
700
620
610
600
600
530
550
560
420
420
420
390
420
460
400
430
580
1100
900
580
450
460
470
520
490
490
490
450
380
360
330
Zn (jig-g-1)
70
70
53
54
53
52
59
52
66
100
47
67
63
44
48
44
50
38
41
42
37
52
51
53
50
54
51
50
46
31
32
29
Mn (jig-g'1)
200
230
150
160
140
150
230
190
250
160
140
160
130
140
160
160
150
200
250
200
240
170
170
180
180
140
120
130
120
120
122
110
Cu (fig-g1)
23
25
17
17
18
17
19
16
21
17
13
14
13
17
14
14
14
12
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
13
12
8.2
9.1
8.4
-------
239
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 '
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ca (ug-g-1)
13000
29000
36000
29000
26000
33000
27000
31000
27000
22000
20000
20000
30000
28000
28000
32000
25000
28000
23000
23000
15000
19000
17000
17000
26000
20000
25000
17000
20000
15000
19000
21000
Mg(ug-g~') ,
2800
6200
7300
6300
5600
9000
7000
7600
6800
4600
4300
4300
5200
5200
5200
5600
4700
5200
4600
4700
3100
4000
3100
3200
4900
3900
4700
3000
4600
3500
4400
4500
K(ug-g')
1000
2500
3300
2500
2000
4400
2900
3200
2600
1700
1700
1700
2100
2100
1900
2200
1700
1900
1700
1700
1500
1700
1400
1400
2200
1700
2200
1500
1800
1500
1800
2100
Na (ug-g-1)
340
480
480
470
460
530
580
560
570
520
540
520
480
490
480
500
470
460
440
450
460
470
500
480
490
443
490
430
440
400
430
530
Zn (ug-g-1)
120
43
52
43
38
61
46
64
45
43
37
37
44
38
37
40
37
37
34
33
33
96
34
59
37
39
48
42
38
33
37
110
Mn (ug-g;1)
200
210
270
210
180
290
230
270
220
160
150
150
170
170
160
180
150
160
140
150
110
150
120
160
160
140
170
130
140
110
130
140
Cu (ug-(
9.7
12
15
12
10
19
15
17
14
11
17
12
12
12
11
13
11
11
10
10
14
12
11
22
12
13
17
9.6
13
9.8
12
14
N>
-------
240
Month
10
10
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
Ca (fig-g'1)
25000
24000
25000
23000
Mg (fig-g'1)
5200
4800
5100
5100
K(ng-g')
2200
2000
2100
2200
Na (jig-g"1)
450
750
470
470
Zn Oig-g'1)
36
33
75
37
Mn (ng'g"')
140
140
180
140
Cu (fig-
14
14
14
20
-------
241
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
• 7
8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Fe (ug-g'1)
11000
12000
11000
11000
12000
12000
12000
13000
16000
14000
15000
14000
10000
9700
11000
11000
11000
11000
9400
9900
9000
5700
6100
7500
10000
9500
11000
10000
11000
12000
12000
11000
P (ug'g ')
1600
1700
1800
1600
1500
1500
1700
1500
1000
780
920
870
1400
1400
1300
1300
1600
1800
1900
2000
760
470
430
630
1100
1200
1200
1000
1600
1600
1700
2000
S (ug-g"1)
1700
2200
1900
1800
1700
1600
1900
1600
3100
1800
2500
2200
2500
2400
2500
2700
2100
2500
2200
2200
1500
1500
1100
1500
1600
1400
2000
1700
2500
2800
2800
2700
PbOig-g1) C
35
21
19
19
17
17
17
17
39
27
33
25
22
17
23
25
24
24
27
22
16
13
14
20
21
22
28
26
19
22
26
23
> (ug-g"1)
39
32
32
27
41
37
41
40
27
24
27
26
23
22
23
23
22
22
20
21
17
11
11
16
18
17
19
18
18
21
21
20
CdGig-g'1) B
0.79
0.72
0.86
0.74
0.80
1.2
1.1
0.88
1.8
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.1
0.94
1.1
1.1
0.86
0.99
0.89
0.81
0.70
0.54
0.34
0.85
0.92
1.1
1.3
1.1
0.86
1.2
1.3
1.1
92
99
88
90
82
74
94
91
170
130
150
140
100
100
110
100
100
100
87
95
95
82
47
64
95
86
110
94
100
110
110
110
-------
242
onlh
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG '
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
cs
CS
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADl
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
AD3
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Fe(ug-g')
9600
10000
10000
9200
11000
11000
12000
11000
13000
13000
13000
13000
9300
9300
9900
9800
9100
9000
8800
8900
9400
9800
9400
9500
11000
11000
11000
10000
9800
9400
9700
10000
P (Hg'g"1)
650
680
630
630
700
700
720
720
770
740
770
740
630
620
650
620
650
620
600
630
640
670
630
630
740
770
740
630
640
590
600
690
s (ng-g1)
920
1000
910
930
790
750
790
820
600
580
610
560
990
870
930
1200
770
670
740
680
730
830
730
720
1400
1500
1400
1100
1100
860
1000
1200
Pb (Hg'g'1)
19
15
14
15
21
21
22
22
26
25
27
26
19
19
17
15
16
15
18
17
16
17
17
15
18
19
19
14
16
13
18
19
Cr (fig-g-1)
16
17
17
15
18
19
20
20
25
24
24
2.5
17
16
17
17
14
13
13
14
16
15
16
16
20
19
18
16
17
15
16
18
Cd (u,g-g"')
0.70
0.87
1.1
0.70
0.68
0.50
0.89
0.63
0.91
0.94
' 1.2
0.90
0.69
0.58
0.80
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.55
0.61
0.62
0.61
0.33
0.40
0.67
0.72
0.75
0.50
0.68
0.38
0.51
0.64
Ba (jig-g1)
87
90
78
85
93
96
96
92
110
100
100
110
77
70
74
81
80
79
76
72
82
87
79
84
110
110
110
86
91
78
83
94
-------
243
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
idustry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
Fe (fig-g-1)
11000
9700
10000
13000
14000
13000
13000
13000
15000
12000
12000
11000
11000
11000
11000
11000
12000
11000
12000
8900
9600
10000
11000
9600
9500
9800
8600
8400
9300
9100
9500
9500
P(Hg'g
570
560
560
990
780
760
760
1700
1400
2000
1900
1800
1700
1800
2100
800
760
780
790
1200
1300
1300
890
1500
1500
1500
1500
680
700
700
710
1100
800
780
750
1400
1100
1400
1300
2000
2800
2200
2100
1900
1700
1700
2000
1300
1200
1500
1300
2000
2300
2400
2700
2400
2000
2200
1900
1400
1400
1500
1700
1600
PbOig'g1)
18
15
18
28
28
27
28.
23
32
27
25
19
17
17
20
22
22
19
21
27
31
31
30
29
33
34
22
22
23
24
25
17
Cr(ng-g')
17
14
15
22
22
23
23
43
37
36
37
34
36
31
33
22
23
21
22 •
18
22
23
23
22
22
21
19
18
19
18
20
18
0.36
0.26
0.52
1.0
0.97
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
0.94
0.88
0.64
0.71
0.62
0.83
0.71
0.74
0.56
0.58
0.95
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.1
0.90
0.97
0.85
0.99
0.37
Ba (jig-g )
' 72
62
66
140
130
120
120
98
120
99
91
76
80
77
84
99
98
100
120
79
86
89
90
88
80
81
68
77
78
85
86
89
-------
244
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
Dredge
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
Fe (ng-g1)
9300
9800
10000
10000
10000
9900
7700
8100
7800
8200
11000
14000
12000
11000
12000
13000
12000
11000
9400
10000
9400
9200
9100
10000
10000
10000
9800
9800
10000
9900
11000
P (ng-g"1)
1300
1300
1600
1700
1600
1600
530
550
500
570
690
770
710
720
680
710
690
700
640
680
650
620
650
670
680
680
660
600
660
640
690
S (fig'g1)
1600
1800
2200
2100
2200
2100
880
510
770
800
950
2100
950
880
610
570
550
570
950
900
790
780
790
820
840
840
760
710
. 780
730
1200
Pb (ng-g1)
21
19
28
25
24
26
20
20
16
20
31
38
29
27
31
32
22
25
22
25
27
25
26
36
27
29
25
23
23
19
27
Cr(ug-g')
17
17
19
18
18
16
12
13
12
13
20
24
20
19
21
23
21
18
17
18
18
16
16
21
20
20
19
20
19
19
23
Cd (ug-g"1)
0.54
0.64
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.99
0.85
0.98
0.88
0.72
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
0.95
0.87
0.77
0.62
0.97
0.61
0.90
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.6
Ba (jig-g'1)
89
91
100
94
88
89
59
63
58
65
92
130
98
87
89
96
94
93
72
65
63
61
74
82
86
90
81
73
76
84
98
-------
245
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11 .
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Fe (ug-g'1)
12000
12000
12000
12000
11000
11000
11000
10000
10000
9900
10000
40000
35000
28000
26000
15000
15000
16000
15000
13000
13000
12000
13000
13000
14000
15000
14000
11000
10000
9800
11000
11000
P Gig-g'1)
770
750
780
750
730
690
710
590
550
580
590
1500
1400
1100
1100
1600
900
1600
1400
1900
1600
1600
1800
950
870
1300
880
1400
1400
1400
1400
1700
s (ng-g"1)
1300
1400
1100
1300
1000
1000
980
760
770
780
770
2000
1800
1400
1400
2900
2800
2400
2000
2500
2400
2200
2300
2300
1700
2600
2500
2500
2300
2100
2400
2500
Pb Gig-g ')
34
31
41
31
29
25
32
30
27
20
25
63
54
48
38
23
29
35
31
17
" 14
16
26
26
23
22
22
19
23
22
18
18
Crfrig-g-')
26
25
25
24
23
22
24
21
21
18
18
84
73
60
54
50
29
49
56
39
40
40
40
28
29
52
25
22
22
21
22
23
Cd (ng'g"*)
1.8
2.0
2.5
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
0.73
1.6
4.2
3.9
3.2
2.9
1.2
1.9
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.2
1.1
0.90
1.0
0.81
0.95
1.1
Ba (jig-g1)
110
100-
100
96
90
86
91
64
58
69
59
290
260
210
180
100
130
98
95
93
96
90
100
120
120
96
120
85
89
83
89
94
-£>.
O
-------
246
onth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Fe (ng-g"1)
13000
12000
12000
10000
. 10000
10000
9400
9500
9400
8800
12000
12000
12000
12000
10000
11000
11000
11000
11000
11000
11000
11000
16000
16000
14000
14000
11000
11000
11000
12000
12000
12000
P (fig-g"1)
2200
2000
2200
820
840
800
1500
1600
1500
1800
1900
1900
1800
1700
690
710
680
660
740
760
730
760
830
830
800
340
730
760
770
820
770
790
s (ng-g1)
3000
3100
3000
1300
1700
1700
1600
1400
1900
1600
3100
3000
3000
3200
1400
1500
1600
2300
920
960
920
970
2000
1300
750
790
1100
1200
1200
1200
970
1000
Pb (jig-g1)
27
23
19
18
23
23
24
25
15
12
28
29
26
21
" 21
22
23
26
26
25
27
26
34
31
28
28
24
19
23
23
24
33
CrOig-g1)
27
27
24
21
22
22
17
17
16
14
22
22
22
22
17
18
19
19
19
20
20
21
28
30
27
25
19
20
21
20
19
21
Cd (fig-g"1)
1.6
1.2
1.3
0.90
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.1
0.51
0.44
. 1.5
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
0.92
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.9
1.6
1.4
1.3
0.85
0.92
0.96
1.1
1.1
1.5
Ba (ng-|
110
100
100
80
86
92
83
80
80
76
110
110
110
100
86
83
83
91
93
91
98
95
130
110
100
110
79
88
110
90
100
98
-------
247
lonth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 .
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
Fe (ug-g-1)
12000
12000
11000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
12000
11000
11000
10000
9600
10000
11000
11000
10000
16000
15000
15000
14000
17000
17000
19000
19000
14000
14000
14000
14000
14000
15000
P (ug-g'1)
800
780
760
810
810
810
740
630
670
650
660
630
600
520
470
.620
610
570
740
750
740
750
1700
1900
1900
1800
1700
1800
1500
1600
890
930
s (ug-g-1)
1100
1000
920
970
860
960
1300
1600
1700
1000
730
760
670
650
850
960
1100
950
1700
1800
1600
1500
3000
3300
3100
3100
1900
2100
2100
1900
1400
1700
Pb (ug-g-1)
29
31
25
26
30
27
25
26
26
20
19
20
17
15
17
20
26
19
39
34
30
34
39
39
39
48
25
26
22
24
28
32
CrQig-g1)
20
21
19
21
20
21
18
18
19
16
18
17
14
12
14
17
16
14
25
24
23
24
35
34
34
35
42
43
44
42
26
28
Cd (ug-g-1)
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
17
1.1
1.3
0.79
0.67
0.92
0.60
0.74
0.40
0.51
0.81
0.47
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.1
1.4
1.1
0.85
1.3
1.3
Ba (ug-g"1)
100
100
96
99
98
92
100
100
130
96
96
94
86
72
70
72
74
63
140
140
140
130
130
140
140
140
99
87
79
86
120
130
to
4^
KJ
-------
248
ontb
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2 .
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Fe (ng-g'1)
16000
14000
11000
11000
12000
12000
10000
9900
9800
10000
11000
12000
12000
11000
11000
12000
12000
12000
13000
12000
11000
11000
8800
9200
10000
9900
13000
12000
14000
13000
13000
12000
P (MWf ')
1000
950
1200
1200
1000
1200
1400
1500
1500
1700
920
850
920
850
1100
1100
1200
1100
1700
1500
1700
1600
500
500
530
580
710
710
760
710
740
740
S (jig-g1)
1800
1400
2600
2200
2000
2600
2100
1900
1900
2000
2100
1600
1700
1800
1600
1700
2100
1800
2600
2800
2600
2700
710
630
720
740
1500
580
630
560
930
810
Pb (ug-g ')
45
30
24
22
22
29
23
22
22
21
24
21
21
25
26
29
32
30
31
80
29
47
18
15
15
12
28
24
28
30
31
29
Cr(ug-g-')
32
31
22
20
22
28
20
24
21
24
24
29
26
24
20
21
23
21
21
23
20
30
13
11
18
15
32
30
34
31
35
28
Cd (ug-g1)
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.1
0.92
1.3
0.84
0.77
0.86
0.98
0.96
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.1
1.3
0.75
0.39
0.32
0.30
0.99
0.94
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
Ba (ug-i
140
120
110
94
98
110
87
73
83
85
110
96
99
110
100
99
110
99
110
110
100
110
68
58
61
55
93
86
94
91
96
93
-------
249
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG'
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2 •
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
AD3
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3'
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Fe frig-g'1)
12000
12000
9000
9400
9000
9000
9700
9100
9500
9800
9600
9500
10000
9400
12000
11000
12000
12000
16000
14000
15000
11000
9000
9500
9100
9200
36000
30000
22000
32000
16000
15000
P (ng-g"')
680
760
620
620
590
590
650
620
620
650
690
650
670
660
620
700
630
610
1100
1200
1200
840
560
610
500
510
1400
1200
1000
1300
1500
1700
s Gig-g'1)
740
940
680
640
610
640
820
820
830
800
1000
730
680
730
1300
1200
1200
1100
1600
1500
1500
1200
670
680
950
850
1700
' 2000
1700
1700
2300
2500
Pb(Mg-g')
21
21
14
14
14
16
17
17
15
34
18
16
14
17
21
18
20
20
32
30
42
26
12
17
18
19
54
50
41
53
29
29
Cr (ng-g1)
32
26
14
16
15
15
14
14
14
16
16
16
20
18
24
19
20
19
26
24
26
19
13
16
15
13
71
58
42
58
41
40
Cd (ng'g ')
0.99
0.86
0.36
0.45
0.68
0.63
2.3
0.78
0.62
0.75
0.76
0.64
0.23
0.65 •
2.2
0.94
0.92
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.5
0.93
0.51
0.63
0.65
0.65
2.7
2.4
1.7
2.4
1.2
1.3
92
98
78
72
67
68
87
78
85
86
95
85
87
78
96
85
95
110
140
140
140
110
60
66
75
67
340
260
160
240
130
110
-------
250
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
-4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
Fe (ug-g1)
14000
16000
11000
11000
12000
12000
13000
12000
14000
12000
12000
12000
11000
11000
11000
11000
11000
12000
14000
13000
12000
11000
11000
11000
11000
10000
9600
10000
9000
8900
8400
8000
P (ng-g1)
1200
1400
1900
1400
1500
1600
760
670
940
940
860
850
880
1000
810
890
990
700
840
810
720
1000
800
780
1000
1300
1000
1200
1200
480
540
420
S(ug-g')
2300
2500
1900
1900
1800
1800
1600
1400
1600
2200
2000
2200
2600
2200
260
2700
2800
3000
2600
2700
3500
1300
1300
1400
1300
1800
1600
1500
1300
680
690
570
Pb (ug'g'1)
27
32
21
23
24
23
32
26
32
31
24
38
23
27
26
22
29
29
33
52
26
25
28
24
24
24
28
26
21
16
14
16
CrOig-g'1)
38
42
34
30
33
34
26
24
27
26
21
21
. 20
22
23
22
23
24
28
31
25
21
20
20
20
19
20
21
17
14
13
11
Cd (ug-g1)
1.2
1.4
0.97
0.81
0.81
0.87
1.3
0.98
.3
.4
.0
.4
.0
.0
12.0
1.0
2.3
1.6
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.99
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
0.81
0.49
0.52
0.33
Ba (jig-g-1)
110
140
96
98
83
86
130
113
130
110
94
94
89
99
100
100
100
96
100
110
110
100
100
100
97
97
84
90
88
62
58
72
-------
251
onth
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG '
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
ADS
AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Fe (fig-g1)
9100
12000
14000
12000
11000
16000
14000
15000
14000
10000
11000
10000
10000
11000
10000
11000
10000
10000
9500
9700
8900
11000
11000
11000
10000
9800
10000
9200
11000
8800
10000
10000
P ("g-g"')
520
740
790
740
700
810
770
810
760
670
690
660
720
720
710
730
660
700
670
680
540
560
460
490
640
580
670
490
610
490
610
600
S(ag-g-')
790
1500
2200
1300
890
2300
900
1300
.840
910
900
930
1200
990
1100
1400
960
1100
900
970
710
930
750
740
780
790
910
620
990
590
680
1300
Pb (fig-g ')
69
32
29
30
18
38
32
44
28
27
32
22
25
29
25
28
23
25
23
19
22
26
18
41
21
22
32
25
22
19
20
29
Cr(ng-g-')
14
22
24
22
21
25
26
29
28
19
20
18
18
19
20
19
17
18
18
19
14
17
13
14
19
14
18
14
18
18
18
20
Cd (fig-g1)
1.4
1.2
1.3
1.0
0.9
1.6
1.3
2.1
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.8
1.0
2.2
1.0
1.6
0.9
1.5
1.1
0.8
0.75
0.82
0.67
0.82
0.82
0.75
0.99
0.87
0.76
0.84
0.77
1.3
Ba (fig-g1)
64
100
120
96
82
140
100
110
98
73
71
69
87
82
83
91
80
81
75
72
68
85
79
77
92
86
100
81
83
73
83
85
-------
252
Month
10
10
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
Dredge
9
10
11
12
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
Fe (ug-g1)
10000
9900
10000
11000
P (Hg-g1)
660
690
680
710
S (ng-g1)
1100
980
960
910
Pb (»ig-g ')
26
22
54
26
Cr (jig-g1)
21
23
20
22
Cd(ug-g-')
0.93
1.0
1.4
0.92
Ba (u-g-g"1)
79
80
79
84
-------
253
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs .
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ni Oig-g-1)
15
14
12
13
13
14
14
15
21
17
18
17
15
13
16
16
16
16
15
16
13
11
10
11
15
14
16
15
15
15
16
15
Co (ug-g1)
9.5
9.4
10
8.9
10
9.7
9.8
10
11
10
10
10
9.0
8.8
9.8
10
9.9
9.9
9.5
9.6
10
7.1
7.6
7.5
8.6
8.8
9.6
9.5
8.9
8.7
9.2
8.5
Be (ug-g-1)
'0.39
0.53
0.46
0.43
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
1.0
0.73
0.94
0.80
0.58
0.53
0.63
0.60
0.60
0.59
0.48
0.53
0.38
0.27
0.25
0.38
0.53
0.48
0.58
0.53
0.58
0.64
0.61
0.61
Mo (fig-g'1)
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.7
8.5
7.7
4.6
7.1
4.6
1.6
5.8
4.6
6.5
6.4
4.9
6.0
3.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
6.0
4.8
4.6
5.1
4.6
5.4
BMIfrm'2
27555.56
7777.78
11111.11
24000.00
1822.22
133.33
24222.22
5037.04
444888.89
60888.89
126666.67
192888.89
132000.00
124000.00
117333.33
79111.11
600888.89
381333.33
185777.78
229333.33
18222.22
13555.56
18962.96
18962.96
9511.11
25555.56
12777.78
10222.22
3200.00
1688.89
6476.19
3911.11
BMI Biomass-m"'
38.8444
13.2889
24.9111
89.6889
2.3778
0.2000
21.4889
3.3037
559.2000
87.0667
215.2000
286.8444
143.5111
172.4000
121.4667
103.9111
457.6444
313.2444
229.9111
164.2222
79.6889
32.3667
27.0519
22.3704
67.0044
12.6667
16.8333
11.8844
1.7511
2.3289
13.7079
17.6044
to
*.
oo
-------
254
onth
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
CS
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ni (Hg-g ')
12
12
12
12
15
16
15
15
19
18
18
19
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
12
13
14
8.8
9.7
13
12
12
10
11
10
11
12
CoOig-g'1)
8.4
9.5
8.2
8.6
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
9.8
9.2
9.6
9.1
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.0
9.6
9.9
7.1
7.1
8.0
8.1
8.2
7.3
7.2
6.8
7.6
8.2
Be(ng-g')
0.45
0.46
0.43
0.43
0.51
0.54
0.55
0.51
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.58
0.45
0.39
0.43
0.44
0.40
0.38
0.39
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.35
0.34
0.52
0.52
0.50
0.40
0.44
0.40
0.42
0.52
Mo (fig-g"')
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
6.3
4.7
6.4
6.3
7.3
5.9
5.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
BMI#-m-J
4666.67
11555.56
12666.67
6793.65
8074.07
10044.44
9244.44
12444.44
12222.22
6111.11
12666.67
8977.78
9688.89
6349.21
9155.56
10133.33
9688.89
4400.00
4088.89
3422.22
2177.78
2711.11
2622.22
2977.78
6611.11
8444.44
9155.56
3466.67
11333.33
8296.30
8888.89
11333.33
BMI Biomass-m"'
9.3156
15.1000
19.9111
14.8317
9.6296
15.9111
5.2178
10.1556
11.2444
6.6556
10.0000
4.4267
8.2844
2.5270
3.6178
7.2622
6.1778
3.9111
2.7156
4.5511
1.1556
2.5911
3.2444
3.7778
3.3389
4.2667
3.9911
1.4756
5.5000
5.6370
7.7511
13.4444
-------
.255
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3.
AD3
AD3
AD3
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
Ni (Hg-g"')
11
10
11
16
16
16
17
16
19
17
16
14
13
14
15
14
16
14
15
13
14
15
17
15
15
16
13
13
12
12
12
14
Co (ng-g1) I
8.8
8.1
8.5
10
11
9.5
9.6
12
11
11
11
10
9.8
9.7
10
9.7
10
8.7
9.0
8.1
8.8
9.2
9.7
9.1
9.5
9.3
8.3
8.9
8.0
7.8
8.1
9.6
'e (fig-g1)
0.40
0.34
0.35
0.64
0.60
0.66
0.72
0.42
0.70
0.52
0.48
0.38
0.36
0.36
0.42
0.54
0.53
0.56
0.58
0.43
0.51
0.53
0.59
0.52
0.46
0.52
0.42
0.42
0.40
0.41
0.44
0.46
Mo (ng-g'1)
4.6
4.6
5.8
6.6
6.2
5.0
7.1
5.7
8.2
9.0
6.3
4.6
4.9
4.6
4.6
5.1
6.7
6.0
4.9
5.2
6.0
4.6
7.3
4.9
7.0
7.2
5.1
5.1
4.6
7.2
5.5
4.6
BMI#-mJ
2711.11
4222.22
2977.78
13333.33
13222.22
12888.89
9511.11
94666.67
35555.56
46222.22
104888.89
22222.22
14111.11
15851.85
18370.37
76888.89
45333.33
45777.78
65777.78
16000.00
34444.44
48888.89
13333.33
45111.11
63555.56
48888.89
31333.33
2933.33
755.56
6666.67
3244.44
11444.44
BMI Biomass-nV
1.9156
2.2400
3.5733
14.3667
10.5778
19.3333
13.3244
110.2222
39.6000
88.1778
185.3778
17.2222
6.4667
10.7407
15.9852
122.6667
116.9778
90.1333
112.6667
35.1111
66.1778
94.3556
24.8000
44.5778
85.3333-
30.4444
20.2000
1.2044
0.3778
0.8508
1.8844
6.3000
to
-------
256
Month
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
Dredge
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON .
NiOig-g-1)
13
16
13
12
13
12
9.8
10
9.7
10
13
18
15
13
15
16
14
14
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
12
13
13
15
Co (fig-g'1)
9.7
11
8.0
8.1
8.6
8.5
7.5
7.6
7.3
7.7
8.6
10
8.9
8.9
8.7
9.2
8.0
8.0
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.8
9.2
9.2
9.1
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.2
9.5
Be (ng-g'1)
0.45
0.48
0.53
0.51
0.50
0.49
0.32
0.34
0.32
0.35
0.52
0.73
0.55
0.48
0.51
0.55
0.50
0.50
0.37
0.37
0.40
0.37
0.40
0.47
0.49
0.54
0.46
0.43
0.46
0.46
0.56
Mo (ng-g'1]
5.2
6.0
5.8
6.7
4.9
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
8.1
6.6
7.9
7.2
7.5
5.8
6.4
6.0
5.4
5.1
5.7
6.2
7.0
4.9
5.7
5.7
5.3
3.6
5.2
8.2
1 BMT#-m-2
11111.11
*
15259.26
9955.56
7703.70
2000.00
1733.33
3200.00
4088.89
4088.89
4711.11
9333.33
1244.44
6412.70
5666.67
3422.22
2977.78
2666.67
3688.89
2222.22
1777.78
. 3377.78
2977.78
4800.00
4488.89
5234.57
5611.11
1911.11
1466.67
2000.00
2800.00
5555.56
BMI Biomass-m"2
12.3000
19.3630
20.8533
6.2000
2.2267
1.2578
3.1956
2.8844
2.0222
5.4178
2.7822
1.1067
1.8603
2.6556
1.3911
1.3867
1.7644
1.9467
2.3244
8.3511
10.6667
10.0756
10.6222
13.8489
23.8469
5.7500
14.9422
6.0178
5.8444
2.2444
4.6944
-------
257
onth
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
•ADS
AD3
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ni (ug-g'1)
16
16
15
16
14
15
15
14
14
12
14
53
46
40
36
16
18
16
17
14
15
14
14
16
17
16
16
14
13
13
15
16
Co (ug-g'1)
9.9
9.9
10
8.7
8.7
8.9
9.3
9.8
9.9
8.1
9.8
31
28
23
22
11
11
11
12
11
11
11
11
9.6
10
12
11
9.8
8.8
9.5
9.9
11
Be (wg-g1)
0.62
0.61
0.57
0.58
0.53
0.52
0.58
0.41
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.74
0.69
0.64
0.63
0.51
0.85
0.48
0.50
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.60
' 0.70
0.52
0.68
0.53
0.49
0.50
0.54
0.56
Mo (ug-g"1)
8.0
7.9
7.3
6.8
6.4
5.7
5.9
6.3
4.6
6.1
6.2
18
16
12
11
5
7.5
7.3
7.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
6.6
8.1
6.8
5.8
8.0
5.5
6.7
8.6
6.1
7.6
BMI#-m'2
6603.17
3422.22
3955.56
3066.67
5722.22
3288.89
2977.78
5611.11
5666.67
3466.67
1066.67
5611.11
6920.63
5135.80
4488.89
9600.00
1066.67
1377.78
1377.78
666.67
533.33
2000.00
2533.33
64000.00
51111.11
18666.67
4222.22
1555.56
44.44
23111.11
61777.78
BM1 Biomass-nT
7.3333
2.1511
2.5556
1.7022
2.6111
2.1244
1.4667
12.2667
9.3278
1.9111
0.7600
1.1333
1.6698
2.2519
2.4978
22.1689
2.0489
1.5022
1.3867
0.3778
0.3422
3.1067
2.0933
72.9778
80.0889
22.6519
7.5956
1.1422
0.0044
43.0889
100.6222
to
i-n
NJ
-------
258
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ni (ng-g-1)
17
17
16
14
14
14
13
12
12
11
15
15
15
15
13
14
14
14
14
14
14
15
20
20
17
17
12
14
13
13
14
15
Co (fig-g ')
11
11
10
10
9.8
9.2
8.2
8.6
8.5
9.1
9.3
9.0
9.4
9.7
9.6
9.9
9.5
10
9.2
9.2
9.0
9.9
11
11
10
10
9.3
9.7
8.9
9.7
10
10
Be (ng-g1)
0.68
0.63
0.61
0.46
0,44
0.47
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.41
0.76
0.68
0.63
0.62
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.56
0.49
0.51
0.48
0.57
0.87
0.67
0.59
0.63
0.44
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.49
0.50
Mo (ng-g ')
7.6
7.6
4.6
6.8
5.7
7.1
4.6
6.1
4.6
4.6
10
6.9
. 7.1
6.1
4.7
4.6
6.2
7.3
6.3
5.8
7.2
6.6
9.1
9.1
8.2
8.9
6.3
5.9
5.4
6.9
7.6
6.7
BMI#-m'2
46222.22
577.78
25333.33
0.00
6793.65
4044.44
7481.48
6539.68
6000.00
6000.00
1022.22
4488.89
23555.56
5777.78
2266.67
11333.33
3911.11
5777.78
1555.56
3600.00
2044.44
2488.89
444.44
1066.67
1200.00
1777.78
1688.89
1244.44
888.89
1333.33
977.78
666.67
BMI Biomass-m'2
56.8444
13022
42.7556
0.0000
3.3714
3.0667
5.5185
4.1016
2.9722
4.3833
0.3911
4.5689
21.3111
3.5500
1.5022
4.8889
1.5422
2.6444
1.0622
4.0667
1.3333
1.0444
0.4933
1.1600
1.2622
1.3200
1.3333
0.7733
1.0533
2.2933
0.7289
0.4356
-------
259
onth
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
.AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS"
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
Ni(ng-g')
16
15
14
15
15
15
12
13
11
11
10
12
8.9
8.7
9.9
11
11
10
18
16
16
17
19
19
20
20
15
16
17
15
17
17
Co (ng-g'1)
11
11
10
11
10
11
7.2
7.8
7.2
7.2
7.6
7.2
6.9
7.1
7.0
7.5
8.6
7.6
9.3
9.1
9.8
9.7
12
11
11
12
12
11
11
11
9.5
10
Be (ng-g1)
0.61
0.56
0.47
0.50
0.47
0.48
0.46
0.51
0.50
0.45
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.35
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.34
0.80
0.74
0.73
0.74
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.41
0.43
0.39
0.38
0.64
. 0.67
Mo (ng-g"1)
7.3
6.2
5.6
6.9
7.1
11
5.3
5.7
5.0
7.1
6.0
4.6
6.3
4.8
4.8
5.7
5.2
4.6
9.8
10
8.1
9.9
13
9.9
9.9
9.6
6.0
7.7
5.9
4.8
5.9
7.9
BMl#-m2
1422.22
488.89
755.56
1644.44
400.00
666.67
622.22
1155.56
1066.67
977.78
1022.22
88.89
2577.78
1288.89
1333.33
444.44
1155.56
1200.00
577.78
577.78
2088.89
844.44
1288.89
2355.56
17333.33
25555.56
16296.30
12333.33
4133.33
7851.85
1866.67
1555.56
BMI Biomass-m"
0.9778
0.1200
1.0133
2.1244
0.8044
0.6222
0.1778
0.7556
1.0222
0.5200
1.3022
0.0356
1.2978
0.6622
0.7911
0.2400
0.7511
0.5422
0.1956
0.6400
2.5022
0.5689
2.5422
2.3333
17.8963
21.7778
15.9259
15.1889
6.0133
7.9852
4.2533
4.1022
-------
260
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
.AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs-
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4 .
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ni (Hg'g1)
19
17
15
13
14
17
13
14
13
14
15
18
17
15
15
16
18
16
15
14
13
16
9.7
9.1
12
9.0
17
16
17
16
20
17
Co (jig-g1)
12
11
9.5
8.5
8.6
9.4
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.6
9.2
8.8
9.1
9.1
9.9
9.8
11
10
9.8
7.4
7.3
8.2
6.6
6.4
7.4
7.7
9.7
9.7
11
10
11
10
Be (jig-g1)
0.85
0.65
1.6
0.75
0.62
0.63
0.48
0.42
0.44
0.42
0.57
0.53
0.53
0.61
0.58
0.56
0.60
0.58
0.65
0.73
0.57
0.55
0.29
0.29
0.32
0.31
0.54
0.50
0.53
0.51
0.56
0.57
Mo (ng-g'1)
11
9.9
9.0
6.6
7.1
7.5
5.8
5.6
7.1
5.2
6.9
8.3
6.3
8.2
5.9
8.2
7.9
8.2
7.9
4.6
4.6
5.4
4.6
4.6
4.7
5.5
8.3
7.6
9.5
7.9
8.6
10
BMI#-m-2
11333.33
1955.56
28000.00
27111.11
24000.00
25111.11
46222.22
83555.56
55111.11
68000.00
22888.89
36888.89
47111.11
22666.67
7777.78
2977.78
6055.56
3288.89
4088.89
444.44
12777.78
13777.78
2355.56
1644.44
2533.33
2222.22
4044.44
666.67
2044.44
3600.00
1155.56
3022.22
BMI Biomass-nT2
19.2333
3.3822
44.6889
35.4444
34.7333
31.9333
37.4222
39.8222
31.9556
64.3111
16.4444
18.8889
28.8444
14.1111
3.2222
2.3156
3.5333
2.7156
3.4267
0.5733
23.9222
21.5889
1.5556
1.1956
1.5600
1.8533
2.4044
0.6044
1.3200
1.8356
1.8089
1.1156
-------
261
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
-AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
Ni (Hg'g"1)
17
15
8.3
9.4
8.7
9.4
12
10
10
10
12
11
13
12
16
13
14
12
19
17
17
14
11
10
11
10
51
40
29
41
19
18
Co (fig-g-1)
9.5
7.8
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.7
8.6
7.2
7.1
7.8
7.4 '
7.2
7.6
7.5
9.0
7.8
7.4
7.7
8.8
8.4
8.8
8.1
7.4
7.2
6.7
7.1
27
24
16
24
12
12
Be (Hg-g1)
0.56
0.49
0.33
0.33
0.32
0.32
5.0
0.78
0.51
0.39
0.42
0.38
0.40
0.37
2.8
0.74
0.49
0.45
0.80
0.72
0.80
0.56
0.29
0.30
0.34
0.32
0.65
0.70
0.74
0.71
0.57
0.58
Mo (ng-g"')
7.0
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.4
8.0
5.0
5.9
4.8
5.6
5.7
4.9
4.6
7.1
5.5
4.6
4.6
7.4
6.2
6.4
5.4
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
12
13
10
13
6.5
5.6
BMI#-m-2
1644.44
2177.78
666.67
933.33
1644.44
1555.56
1066.67
1911.11
1288.89
622.22
755.56
1288.89
888.89
577.78
533.33
977.78
1200.00
755.56
2444.44
933.33
88.89
2000.00
533.33
711.11
355.56
711.11
1822.22
622.22
622.22
400.00
5722.22
12111.11
BMI Biomass-m
1.1467
1.4489
0.3511
0.6889
1.2622
1.1511
1.2133
0.8533
0.5422
0.1467
0.2489
0.5156
0.7244
0.3822
0.4800
0.4800
0.3511
0.2133
45.5333
0.3600
0.0222
0.7556
0.5156
0.4267
0.3689
0.2844
2.6311
0.3467
0.1333
0.1867
4.3833
9.0778
-------
262
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10'
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
. AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs '
cs
cs
Dredge .
3
4
5
, 6
1
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4 '
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
Ni (Hg'g1)
18
20
15
15
15
16
17
16
19
16
13
13
12
12
14
13
14
14
16
16
14
15
16
15
15
15
14
15
13
• 11
10
10
Co (ng-g"1)
11
13
11
9.8
11
10
10
9.9
11
8.3
7.9
8.2
7.8
8.2
8.4
8.0
8.4
9.6
11
12
9.5
9.9
9.3
9.6
9.4
9.4
8.9
10
8.3
7.7
7.6
7.5
Be (ug-g ')
0.54
0.60
0.39
0.37
0.38
0.37
0.68
0.58
0.68
0.60
0.50
0.53
0.45
0.62
0.52
0.56
0.57
0.48
0.50
0.45
0.52
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.55
0.50
0.49
0.49
0.41
0.30
0.31
0.27
Mo (ng-g'1)
6.3
6.5
5.4
6.1
5.0
5.2
7.0
5.9
6.4 -
5.3
5.5
6.4
5.5
5.6
5.2
4.9
6.0
4.9
6.8
5.7
6.3
4.9
5.6
4.6
4.6
5.4
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.6
4.6
BMI#-nT2
12222.22
22444.44
2000.00
755.56
444.44
177.78
9066.67
4044.44
25333.33
31111.11
17037.04
6000.00
51111.11
46222.22
69777.78
85777.78
30888.89
400.00
844.44
3022.22
444.44
3377.78
3511.11
5200.00
4755.56
222.22
5530.86
4622.22
1555.56
1866.67
1866.67
1466.67
BMI Biomass-m"2
7.7444
12.4222
0.8800
0.4133
0.3244
0.0578
16.0267
8.5333
33.6000
53.5778
23.8963
10.3333
43.8667
17.6889
37.2889
46.4000
17.2222
0.3644
1.1422
2.6444
0.3111
3.8533
3.3378
5.2044
3.3778
0.1689
1.9753
1.2444
0.8800
1.3022
1.3556
0.8622
-------
276
Month
10
10
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
AM Biomass-m"2
13.3964
4.3751
0.0000
0.0000
BMI Richness
4
4
4
2
-------
275
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
' AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2.
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m"
0.0000
0.0000
4.2222
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
34.4533
0.0000
0.0000
30.0311
13.0889
8.7289
203.5911
1.1333
0.0000
1.1022
2.6800
0.0000
1.4000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
BMI Richness
3
3
3
5
3
3
4
4
4
3
2
5
8
6
4
6
5
2
8
3
4
5
2
3
2
4
3"
3
2
2
2
2
N>
^1
O
-------
274
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
*
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
AM Biomass-m"2
24.8178
83.6178
0.0000
0.0000
12.9200
3.5156
30.2489
22.9422
37.3600
113.3244
32.2756
25.0667
219.8578
255.4267
162.4844
124.9422
31.0578
7.1556
0.0000
19.0444
1.5800
11.1333
6.2089
0.0000 .
1.8933
33.8622
105.7156
173.2222
156.4356.
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
BMI Richness
5
5
4
2
3
3
1
2,
1
6
4
6
5
8
6
7
6
3
4
9
4
7
6
4
5
3
6
4
3
6
4
4
-------
273
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
Site
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
ADS
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
AD3
ADS
BC
BC
Dredge
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m'2
0.0000
0.0000
9.1956
3.5467
0.0000
0.0000
9.6933
8.8089
0.0000
0.1022
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.5556
5.0667
0.0000
0.7644
7.2667
20.9467
0.9244
65.6356
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.1333
77.7333
5.4622
1.3067
0.0000
16.5689
19.1511
BMI Richness
3
3
5
5
6
5
8
7
5
2
2
4
2
2
2
5
4
3
9
7
2
6
5
3
3
3
8
5
3
3
5
4
-------
272
Month
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9 .
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS '
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs"
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
Dredge
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
T
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
Zone
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m
1.7778
0.0000
182.5080
180.6489
100.1556
86.8804
138.5600
69.7022
48.8667
69.0356
69.3778
154.3156
234.5111
82.2578
0.3244
0.0000
. 26.3956
2.9333
51.0622
27.5511
56.1022
66.3689
0.0000
0.0000
11.6044
0.0000
17.7244
0.0000
14.4578
94.3067
0.0000
0.0000
BMI Richness
2
2
9
7
8
5
8
5
6
8
9
11
10
11
5
4
8
7
9
5
9
9
6
7
7
6
10
6
7
10
5
5
to
OS
-------
271
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3-
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
AD3
ADS
AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
Dredge
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 "
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
AM Biomass-irf2
5.3467
0.0000
1.1911
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.6844
0.0000
3.2622
2.4978
6.2533
0.0000
4.0444
12.3289
2.4889
0.0000
5.2667
0.0000
0.8444
11.7956
36.8356
12.2044
3.3111
7.7022
17.3556
8.6933
9.7467
17.9867
4.2356
13.0889
2.5422
0.0000
BMI Richness
6
2
3
4
3
3
4
4
5
3
5
2
4
4
2
2
2
2
4
4
8
6
7
6
6
7
5
8
8
8
2
2
-------
270
Month
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8-
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
Dredge
6
7
8
9
10
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m"2
49.4044
21.5778
75.7111
0.8667
22.0044
24.5333
1.5556
0.9867
4.1067
1.6311
7.7956
34.4933
326.2356
19.5156
9.4578
38.4444
56.2356
78.3200
11.3156
27.4400
5.6000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
7.0800
0.0000
4.0533
0.0000
0.5778
0.0000
BMI Richness
6
8
3
0
9
8
5
3
4
4
8
8
9
7
7
11
6
11
7
11
7
4
3
2
2
2
6
2
6
4
2
4
-------
269
Month
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Dredge
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
Zone
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m"2
13.6444
22.1422
8.4267
14.6622
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.9422
2.7422
0.0000
0.0000
107.5511
3.1467
0.5422
3.6711
2.9333
10.2978
13.3511
18.6533
27.9733
2.2889
15.7467
9.2889
17.6178
3.3244
0.8356
141.6844
75.6800
BMI Richness
5
4
5
6
4
2
3
5
6
3
2
7
3
5
4
9 .
5
3
3
3
3
8
8
3
*
1
1
8
7
1
8
5
-------
268
Month
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
cs
CS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
Dredge
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
AM Biomass-m
0.0000
0.9867
88.8933
18.6578
3.0667
10.3600
0.0000
4.1689
0.0000
1.8800
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.6933
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
22.4444
BMI Richness
4
4
5
9
9
5
7
4
7
4
5
6
4
3
3
3
2
3
4
4
3
4
3
6
5
6
3
2
3
3
5
6
-------
267
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Industry
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
ADS
•AD3
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
Dredge
5
6
8
9
10
11
•12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
AM Biomass-m"2
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
14.7911
22.7244
10.3067
5.0000
310.7378
138.1333
227.0756
101.1467
17.5111
14.3200
6.0356
19.6356
120.5836
62.3644
0.0000
111.0133
76.1244
259.6356
216.7467
55.5600
91.3422
139.3111
49.5467
82.5022
4.0622
3.4800
31.8622
9.9511
0.0000
BMI Richness
2
6
3
7
6
5
6
10
8
6
6
7
7
8
5
3
2
2
5
9
5
6
7
7
7
4
5
8
5
6
7
3
to
ON
N>
-------
266
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
• 6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
cs
CS
cs
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD3
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Zone
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m"2
8.2222
0.0000
1.2578
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
1.7333
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
3.6222
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
26.3778
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
57.7600
0.0000
0.0000
47.0489
BMI Richness
3
7
3
6
3
3
3
3
3 -
3
3
4
5
6
2
4
4
7
6
4
4
4
3
3
7
7
6
5
4
3
4
6
-------
265
Month
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
Industry
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
AQ
Site
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
BC
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS.
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
cs
Dredge
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
AM Biomass-m'2
33.9244
45.4089
57.8711
189.9244
6.2000
13.1378
31.2178
34.3644
104.1022
4.6978
47.0356
70.4844
149.9733
498.8444
212.8044
116.5111
741.2756
346.9156
206.5422
329.4844
70.7867
101.1467
96.5778
160.8400
0.0000
1.9778
0.0000
0.0000
7.4800
3.7511
48.3556
13.6711
BMI Richness
8
11
6
8
8
3
3
4
6
2
5
4
5
5
7
7
7
7
5
5
10
10
10
9
4
4
6
4
7
5
7
9
KJ
CT\
O
-------
264
Month Industry Site Dredge Zone Ni (ng'g"1) Co (fig-g"1) Be (fig-g"1) Mo (jtg-g"1) BMI#-m"2 ' BMI Biomass-m2
10 AG ADS 9 CON 13 8.8 0.45 5.2 1022.22 1.2711
10 AG AD3 10 CON 14 8.8 0.43 5.1 2311.11 0.7467
10 AG ADS 11 CON 14 9.2 0.44 6.0 2444.44 1.0133
10 AG ADS 12 CON 14 9.1 0.54 6.3 400.00 0.1600
to
-------
263
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Industry
AQ
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
AG
Site
CS
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
ADI
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
AD2
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
ADS
Dredge
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Zone
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
CON
CON
CON
CON
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
DEP
Ni (fig-g1)
9.3
14
16
14
13
19
18
18
17
13
12
12
13
15
14
15
12
13
13
13
10
10
9.4
9.9
11
10
12
9.3
12
11
12
13
Co (jig-g"1)
7.3
9.5
9.4
13
8.7
10
9.4
10
9.5
8.2
11
8.7
9.2
10
9.1
10
8.4
9.1
8.7
8.5
8.7
7.1
6.8
7.3
7.3
6.7
7.8
6.6
7.6
7.5
7.4
9.9
Be (fig-g'1)
0.28
0.66
0.72
0.49
0.40
0.77
0.56
0.63
0.51
0.38
0.59
0.35
0.40
1.2
0.40
0.46
0.37
0.42
0.35
0.34
0.37
0.39
0.35
0.45
0.47
0.45
0.53
0.35
0.45
0.36
0.43
0.46
Mo Oig'g"1)
4.6
6.0
5.5
5.8
5.3
9.8
7.7
8.1
6.7
4.8
5.6
6.6
6.1
7.0
6.8
8.8
5.0
6.1
5.1
6.0
5.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.6
5.7
4.6
4.6
5.1
5.6
5.1
BMI#-m2
622.22
3555.56
1688.89
2800.00
5833.33
3511.11
2355.56
2888.89
2844.44
577.78
666.67
2666.67
1955.56
1422.22
1422.22
1866.67
1466.67
711.11
5888.89
888.89
888.89
622.22
666.67
1200.00
266.67
2000.00
1244.44
1422.22
577.78
622.22
1511.11
1066.67
BMI Biomass-m'2
0.3644
2.5022
1.5422
1.6133
3.3167
2.0000
1.7022
2.5511
2.1778
0.3156
0.4844
1.8933
2.4489
1.5778
1.9822
1.5556
1.1111
0.4844
3.2278
0.5022
0.6000
0.4178
0.2667
0.5556
0.1467
1.1289
1.0578
0.4800
0.1956
0.2444
0.6311
0.3111
to
tyi
00
-------
272
APPENDIX E:
WATER QUALITY DATA FOR THE SIX STUDY DISCHARGES
-------
273
This data was collected by the University of Idaho's Kimberly Research and Extension Center
and available on the internet at http://www.kimberly.uidaho.edu/midsnake/.
Box Canyon Hatchery (1990-1993)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Instantaneous Flow
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pH (field)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Units
, °C
°c
cfs
NTU
umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
Samples
116
116
86
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
116
Min
2.5 J
-2.0
200.0
0.10
250
4.6
6.6
1.0
0.293
0.15
0.554
0.05
0.019
Ave
12.4
15.8
296.8
1.13
385
7.4
7.7
4.5
0.487
0.78
0.836
0.14
0.119
Max
17.7
34.7
300.0
5.19
490
11.6
8.3
16.0
0.754
1.94
0.987
0.25
0.351
Crystal Springs Hatchery (1990-1991)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Mean Daily Flow
Instantaneous Flow
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pH (field)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Units
°C
°C
cfs
cfs
NTU
umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
Samples
54
54
3
51
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
Min
12.1
-1.1
185
176.7
0.30
480
5.1
6.5
1.0
0.100
0.25
0.043
0.07
0.054
Ave
14.7
16.2
185
196.5
0.92
622
8.0
7.9
4.7
0.342
0.59
2.257
0.10
0.082
Max
17.7
32.0
186
219.0
3.00
770
12.6
8.6
12.0
0.884
. 1.02
4.269
0.15
0.107
-------
274
Rim View Hatchery (1990-1991)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Mean Daily Flow
Instantaneous Flow
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pH (field)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Units
°C
°C
cfs
cfs
NTU
umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
Samples
54
54
3
51
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
Min
9.6
0.0
133
106.6
-1.00
390
5.6'
6.5
1.0
0.148
0.34
0.474
0.05
0.050
Ave
14.4
17.7
136
133.9
0.95
547
6.8
7.8
4.3
0.341
0.63
1.569
0.09
0.083
Max
17.0
36.0
137
147.7
3.40
680
8.8
10.1
12.0
0.528
1.37
2.289
0.25
0.116
Pigeon Cove LQ & LS Drain (1990-2002)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Mean Daily Flow
Instantaneous Flow
Stage: Stream
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pH (field)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Nitrogen: Dissolved Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Fecal Strep Bacteria
Units
°C
°C
cfs
cfs
ft
NTU
Umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
#/100ml
#/100ml
Samples
90
78
2
74
1
64
78
90
78
90
78
78
29
49
90
78
29
29
Min
7.0
-4.5
36
7.0
56.00
1.20
450
7.6
7.5
6.0
0.009
0.05
0.523
0.750
0.05
0.010
16
180
Ave
13.9
15.3
43
42.2
56.00
51.21
634
19.6
8.1
195.4
0.081
0.68
2.369
1.769
0.29
0.063
473
2380
Max
19.5
29.2
50
71.4
56.00
185.00
920
960.0
8.6
1236.0
0.591
2.10
4.809
4.110
1.25
0.167
2400
7300
-------
275
Southside LS2/39A Drain (1990-2002)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Mean Daily Flow
Instantaneous Flow
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pH (field)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Nitrogen: Dissolved Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Fecal Strep Bacteria
Units
°C
°C
cfs
cfs
NTU
umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
#/100ml
#/100ml
Samples
88
76
1
76
62
76
87
76
88
76
76
27
49
88
76
27
27
Min
3.4
-1.2
6
0.6
0.50
430
7.5
,7.5
3.0
0.004
0.18
0.395
0.839
0.03
0.017
1
49
Ave
13.6
19.6
6
7.6
40.36
655
9.1
8.3
142.6
0.042
0.58
1.979
1.942
0.22
0.051
370
5135
Max
23.3
35.5
6
17.8
170.00
950
11.4
9.3
1080.0
0.151
1.65
4.289
4.190
1.07
0.119
2600
82000
Southside 39 Drain (1990-2002)
Parameter
Temperature: Water
Temperature: Air
Mean Daily Flow
Instantaneous Flow
Turbidity
Electrical Conductivity
Oxygen: Dissolved
pHJfield)
Total Nonfilterable Residue
Nitrogen: Total Ammonia
Nitrogen: Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen: Total Oxidized
Nitrogen: Dissolved Oxidized
Phosphorus: Total
Phosphorus: Orthophosphate
Dissolved
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Fecal Strep Bacteria
Units
°C
°C
cfs
cfs
NTU
umhos/cm
mg/1
SU
mg/1
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-N
mg/l-P
mg/l-P
#/100ml
#/100ml
Samples
90
78
1
77
64
78
89
77
90
78
78
29
49
90
78
29
29
Min
5.0
-0.1
4
0.2
0.80
410
7.5
7.5
1.0
0.004
0.10
0.286
0.490
0.02
0.009
10
45
Ave
14.5
19.9
4
6.2
77.13
596
9.0
8.4
429.5
0.116
0.95
3.198
1.982
0.51
0.060
444
2486
Max
24.2
35.9
4
17.3
420.50
950
10.9
9.3
4803.0
4.559
6.00
7.000
7.179
4.50
0.158
1850
13000
-------
276
APPENDIX F:
USGS STREAMFLOW STATISTICS UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM
OF STUDY AREA
-------
277
Daily and monthly streamflow statistics from USGS gages at Kimberly (13090000) and just
below Lower Salmon Falls Dam (13135000) were downloaded from the USGS website at
http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/id/nwis/sw.
Kimberly Gaging Station (13090000)
Day of
month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Mean of dally
Jan
3629
3649
3728
3708
3751
3821
3879
3832
3907
3897
3879
3953
3981
3943
4013
3978
3958
3963
3983
3980
3962
3972
4011
3995
3978
4000
4049
4041
3899
3997
3998
Feb
4018
4034
4020
4003
3978
4067
4064
3968
3904
3850
3852
3865
3856
3940
4003
3976
3990
3985
4006
4037
4056
4054
4064
4060
4035
4092
4100
4054
4147
Mar
4089
4088
4059
4069
4111
4053
4044
4032
3931
3837
3837
3897
3849
3919
3991
3923
3899
' 3871
3822
3905
4137
4245
4269
4361
4416
4377
4515
4694
4747
4891
5072
Apr
5147
5083
5125
5037
4970
4971
5054
5097
5079
5143
5175
5194
5185
5101
5114
5092
5048
4910
4862
4765
4808
4944
4855
4924
4906
4957
4944
4918
4773
4552
mean values for this day for 81 years of record1, in ft*/s
May
4429
4199
4051
4129
4205
4295
4132
4039
4195
4268
4270
4484
4541
4601
4674
4458
4252
4078
4054
4208
4294
4413
4294
4260
4291
4365
4345
4289
4215
4318
4545
Jun
4325
4310
4446
4564
4481
4501
4608
4739
4923
4880
5053
5180
5158
4855
4665
4591
4332
4352
4071
4005
4112
4081
3886
3816
3557
3351
3340
3166
2954
2851
Jul
2776
2743
2520
2259
2178
2036
1971
1883
1718
1503
1323
1155
1110
1067
1034
947
870
841
828
778
768
754
748
766
745
754
759
756
795
792
796
Aug
810
837
847
838
860
847
816
814
808
798
842
821
830
866
855
865
880
908
915
901
899
887
887
906
899
888
894
915
921
937
933
Sep
942
950
939
925
928
932
931
923
933
906
906
915
932
958
971
951
939
940
957
1025
1032
1070
1095
1124
1111
1117
1101
1075
1056
1143
Oct
1287
1379
1418
1433
1497
1558
1656
1729
1751
1847
2050
2166
2176
2208
2359
2415
2372
2360
2397
2448
2457
2392
2378
2457
2431
2473
2508
2577
2775
2766
2746
Nov
2696
2829
2837
2728
2668
2693
2819
2923
2895
2787
2757
2801
2692
2682
2728
2783
2858
2861
2950
3046
3086
3163
3178
3192
3164
3178
3189
3165
3120
3091
Dec
3306
3449
3467
3451
3371
3438
3456
3404
3459
3484
3469
3431
3377
3316
3328
3363
3353
3430
3488
3468
3526
3552
3561
3589
3582
3564
3514
3555
3646
3649
3668
1 - Available period of record may be less than value shown for certain days of the year.
YEAR
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
Monthly mean streamflow, In ft3/s
Jan
4,492
4,451
5,172
3,212
7,799
3,200
5,991
2,119
1,235
1,652
995
747
794
1,331
699
2,520
832
933
955
2,474
3,221
2,333
Feb
5,920
5,377
5,971
1,928
. 7,356
2,749
2,877
1,477
1,742
1,840
921
583
777
710
549
3,800
922
886
1,621
4,766
1,061
2,347
Mar
4,378
4,390
5,215
1,166
6,916
5,555
740
771
1,266
1,510
501
465
466
1,274
492
6,211
544
471
1,247
5,873
3,649
2,272
Apr
1,279
7,920
2,985
1,060
5,494
9,237
508
445
439
849
389
340
433
3,410
6,425
4,589
1,711
405
4,136
9,388
5,271
2,591
May
389
11,760
425
3,563
16,520
2,003
515
408
439
469
372
331
4,290
2,280
5,818
1,132
504
334
2,365
2,579
1,382
2,642
Jun
396
6,961
428
12,400
6,608
978
508
413
453
404
380
370
6,995
431
6,169
357
367
362
580
12,659
6,485
5,731
Jul
398
4,807
445
6,573
857
597
500
430
517
421
388
359
492
473
5,127
378
397
392
375
4,763
602
1,068
Aua
411
695
458
609
636
610
611
539
457
455
409
465
580
584
400
405
502
550
542
557
506
554
Sep
431
1,971
491
1,380
1,112
1,583
891
489
542
531
515
659
754
644
503
596
694
810
794
885
603
611
Oct
4,929
440
5,615
483
1,666
5,669
1,877
1,300
1,244
848
1,064
546
708
747
684
959
807
889
1,059
1,800
3,807
905
2,465
Nov
6,018
• 4,138
6,544
622
6,536
3,856
6,770
3,483
1,368
972
912
536
663
672
683
947
899
1,032
1,380
1,834
4,224
1,176
5,323
Dec
5,462
3,886
6,343
1,321
8,986
4,105
5,071
4,647
1,188
1,782
1.002
730
679
632
681
1,210
853
874
844
2,590
3,716
1,027
5,780
-------
278
YEAR
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
199S
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Mean of
monthly
streamflo
ws
Monthly mean streamflow, in ft3/s
Jan
6,580
4,369
4,059
5,794
3,253
7,562
5,839
2,466
2,424
2,420
3,207
3,337
2,600
1,141
1,150
814
842
1,653
1,916
5,036
8,558
930
4,286
9,080
3,593
8,570
9,556
9,001
3,953
7,148
8,239
4,378
1,399
6,602
1,018
2,997
1,872
10,660
14,840
11,510
5,725
7,957
1,115
968
1,224
1,757
1,458
1,224
2,848
1,028
4,724
9,206
6,979
8,604
7,033
907
892
800
764
3,914
Feb
5,760
4,340
2,811
7,050
4,193
10,600
9,461
4,247
2,481
1,314
4,435
2,778
2,923
1,338
987
870
1,186
1,399
1,733
10,910
7,844
796
4,928
9,089
3,135
8,959
10,260
9,078
7,453
7,570
8,896
3,551
1,797
6,318
850
1,639
2,706
8,245
7,482
9,780
6,736
2,721
1,066
1,059
1,035
951
961
769
2,323
802
7,805
18,330
7,328
8,116
3,153
905
831
877
795
3,999
Mar
5,729
1,529
2,059
6,377
5,447
9,977
10,230
5,415
2,914
2,746
6,402
4,811
3,426
1,419
872
585
4,324
1,378
1,713
10,420
4,454
726
1,409
9,482
1,112
5,840
10,050
7,897
12,280
9,702
10,810
2,838
2,732
8,375
1,180
1,315
5,401
4,499
5,024
7,701
14,299
1,567
438
830
353
332
483
1,027
2,446
505
17,400
19,430
7,388
7,856
3,341
819
828
826
798
4,160
Apr
10,010
2,169
5,284
2,780
8,448
4,940
11,000
2,446
3,204
4,995
7,825
6,087
3,487
675
1,642
561
3,927
1,203
5,054
8,260
491
584
456
5,256
4,208
18,830
15,670
6,143
15,330
14,170
17,280
484
5,713
6,410
2,615
3,762
14,510
8,995
14,370
9,699
16,840
936
259
369
271
249
276
702
2,049
447
14,360
13,239
9,314
10,080
4,908
489
235
458
512
4,991
May
1,802
2,443
5,885
533
5,124
9,334
7,752
590
2,211
1,158
7,006
9,825
1,317
477
343
453
3,965
2,664
7,369
5,399
400
882
386
2,707
8,456
15,450
7,141
541
11,100
12,930
16,070
344
4,818
550
6,985
1,807
13,289
16,280
18,230
5,779
17,100
446
310
306
319
293
261
1,130
1,908
6,630
5,968
8,738
10,850
10,410
774
1,055
233
467
482
4,296
Jun
3,988
8,478
8,958
2,463
8,674
3,277
5,620
5,585
903
814
11,570
1,516
702
366
354
311
915
9,582
8,483
843
391
3,564
1,612
412
5,518
8,913
7,899
382
6,691
5,213
7,415
358
497
429
8,553
6,118
4,401
12,630
19,890
1,760
12,580
542
663
608
360
319
277
5,475
1,872
8,408
7,819
24,150
9,575
11,800
879
379
267
475
396
4,239
Jul
425
456
724
561
5,299
892
1,526
735
822
610
674
556
618
384
593
348
490
608
676
999
555
1,361
631
495
1,681
3,330
618
401
2,571
408
399
385
617
534
512
609
2,527
6,180
4,585
1,429
1,421
1,079
912
1,103
712
781
315
1,568
1,911
2,029
2,535
3,670
2,811
1,999
1,971
350
452
326
311
1,288
Aug
504
677
674
769
870
1,152
801
795
793
449
719
745
664
465
606
384
783
710
751
859
717
694
670
633
482
553
748
423
605
502
619
406
798
1,958
652
655
1,816
1,875
2,938
1,819
1,449
1,104
955
1,129
681
902
336
1,479
901
1,990
2,056
4,261
2,056
2,086
2,044
380
605
343
323
868
Sep
,_ 688
819
734
1,010
1,040
1,144
734
695
659
471
805
772
713
693
665
409
875
719
764
759
741
760
833
744
781
1,087
978
453
651
999
1,224
408
1,356
955
625
1,290
2,465
2,274
2,385
1,872
2,255
1,554
550
915
715
600
394
597
600
1,666
986
7,039
2,113
1,784
1,218
397
632
374
333
991
Oct
2,538
1,994
1,216
2,678
3,166
4,443
1,734
815
2,155
1,061
2,540
1,445
1,353
2,020
603
696
1,896
656
1,338
2,294
657
1,238
1,649
888
2,691
9,540
6,947
757
1,797
3,149
3.353
386
2,159
484
696
1,923
5,284
8,686
10,450
1,515
9,643
1,943
623
775
421
755
669
793
581
648
730
7,028
2,322
2,469
1,264
512
731
372
2,144
Nov
3,670
2,768
1,655
2,442
3,515
4,646
736
1,035
2,558
824
2,247
1,038
1,109
1,259
671
752
1,407
1,400
3,248
3,894
727
2,702
2,982
711
3,554
10,980
8,642
1,944
3,270
4,981
4,005
610
4,224
752
2,528
1,701
10,460
12,120
13,239
3,459
8,050
1,249
1,088
1,770
1,050
943
877
1,875
758
2,643
2,562
5,966
4,818
4,089
1,160
944
807
725
2,919
Dec
3,985
4,068
4,600
2,245
4,389
4,598
1,417
2,174
2,192
1,182
2,544
. 1,841
1,110
1,036
772
769
1,912
1,969
3,635
9,105
897
4,594
4,556
1,797
6,465
9,632
9,343
3,665
5,772
7,780
5,614
954
4,681
870
3,043
1,635
11,070
12,030
9,075
4,902
10,870
1,124
991
1,778
936
1,301
1,131
2,874
864
3,408
3,812
8,169
8,335
4,825
1,024
979
884
819
3,474
-------
279
Lower Salmon Falls Dam Gaging Station (13135000)
Day of
month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Meanofdaltj
Jan
9259
9356
9306
9399
9322
9371
9480
9566
9473
9513
9504
9632
9639
9563
9618
9708
9694
9590
9647
9616
9593
9588
9675
9662
9636
9592
9589
9724
9649
9483
9608
Feb
9599
9662
9656
9574
9516
9548
9653
9624
9480
9477
9455
9515
9432
9506
9587
9583
9598
9637
9645
9608
9636
9649
9605
9687
9636
9608
9706
9608
9528
Mar
9568
9617
9610
9544
9663
9630
9505
9544
9545
9394
9392
9355
9391
9474
9494
9506
9482
9482
9430
9502
9614
9878
9873
9956
10040
9947
10160
10330
10350
10450
10670
Apr
10840
10870
10890
10790
10720
10690
10790
10790
10850
10860
11050
11160
11080
11040
10950
10970
11000
10870
10770
10680
10610
10750
10870
10880
10890
10900
11090
11010
10900
10680
mean values for this day for 67 years of record1, In ft'/s
May
10530
10240
9999
9931
9924
9996
10070
9820
9863
9903
9944
10040
10120
10220
10310
10170
9856
9619
9547
9668
9880
9943
9937
9724
9751
9894
9909
9954
9908
10010
10220
Jun
10180
10100
10130
10310
10250
10330
10480
10650
10990
11190
11330
11480
11480
11360
11100
10880
10700
10450
10250
9977
10010
10070
9799
9592
9332
8916
8787
8747
8534
8389
Jul
8251
8146
7812
7447
7322
7246
7125
7042
7004
6792
6657
6490
6430
6365
6279
6300
6203
6183
6179
6176
6115
6122
6137
6176
6196
6209
6205
6229
6301
6339
6346
Aug
6404
6425
6453
6462
6457
6470
6455
6409
6427
6434
6405
6496
6404
6465
6533
6533
6566
6586
6622
6679
6642
6675
6710
6727
6746
6753
6754
6793
6826
6848
6906
Sep
6939
6962
7009
7013
7006
7109
7115
7144
7157
7207
7242
7276
7322
7359
7374
7386
7402
7422
7485
7537
7563
7576
7604
7567
7542
7597
7548
7564
7546
7584
Oct
7713
7829
7961
7984
8027
8146
8168
8195
8268
8301
8468
8627
8724
8667
8756
8909
8971
8881
8805
8900
8921
8946
8828
8867
8890
8831
8862
8836
9012
9135
9095
Nov
9023
8972
8991
8940
8865
8806
8733
8831
8862
8855
8789
8793
8806
8751
8759
8767
8782
8790
8853
8861
9030
8972
9008
9108
9055
9102
9126
9161
9085
8985
Dec
9173
9280
9357
9316
9291
9170
9239
9196
9216
9271
9212
9239
9136
9047
8946
9027
9060
9124
9139
9164
9106
9250
9311
9349
9317
9330
9338
9271
9311
9287
9356
1 - Available period of record may be less than value shown for certain days of the year.
YEAR
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1946
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Monthly mean streamflow, In frVs
Jan
6,503
8,152
6,699
6,758
6,915
8,513
9,316
8,436
12,790
10,340
10,210
11,830
9,194
13,510
11,560
8,815
8,667
8,450
9,290
9,302
8,686
7,112
6,991
6,177
5,676
6,675
7,218
10,460
14,160
Feb
6,129
9,336
6,582
6,626
7,315
10,730
7,033
8,387
11,890
10,420
8,828
13,150
9,897
16,270
15,670
10,140
8,594
7,193
10,350
8,699
8,808
7,156
6,690
6,056
5,980
6,504
6,794
16,310
13,039
Mar
5,968
11,530
5,874
5,833
6,959
11,700
9,413
8,139
11,710
7,321
7,785
12,250
10,960
15,590
16,300
11,180
8,793
8,349
11,940
10,550
9,267
7,078
6,394
5,665
9,017
6,247
6,670
16,050
9,690
Apr
11,440
9,755
6,851
5,800
9,498
14,950
11,130
8,342
15,840
7,715
10,840
8,443
14,010
11,030
17,080
8,385
9,145
10,720
13,590
11,900
9,168
6,363
7,063
5,785
8,798
6,620
10,280
13,950
5,938
,May
11,130
6,392
5,592
5,666
8,321
8,439
7,022
8,517
7,652
7,981
11,460
6,322
10,800
15,450
13,580
6,931
7,846
7,045
12,839
16,260
6,988
6,340
5,763
5,584
9,580
7,972
12,889
11,400
5,606
Jun
11,890
6,027
5,674
6,312
6,758
18,790
12,700
11,860
10,280
15,060
15,079
8,546
14,740
9,685
11,830
12,250
7,429
6,674
18,170
7,897
6,957
6,133
6,138
5,581
6,510
16,139
14,890
6,895
5,941
Jul
10,840
6,060
5,860
5,985
6,090
11,010
6,378
7,145
6,506
6,589
6,515
6,382
11,390
6,795
7,653
6,565
6,827
6,641
6,615
6,526
6,559
6,089
6,378
5,675
5,678
6,245
6,116
6,877
6,213
Aug
6,271
6,219
6,320
6,353
6,524
6,766
6,657
6,756
6,777
7,098
6,645
6,986
7,272
7,442
7,137
6,942
6,967
6,591
7,167
7,070
6,961
6,581
6,762
5,993
6,418
6,700
6,639
7,240
6,717
Sep
6,647
6,897
7,287
7,191
7,256
7,592
7,233
7,409
7,566
7,785
7,403
7,776
7,750
7,885
7,570
7,438
7,621
7,210
7,782
7,679
7,558
7,778
7,141
6,539
7,055
7,282
7,281
7,662
7,329
Oct
6,800
7,319
7,119
7,175
7,410
8,260
10,590
7,620
9,105
9,440
8,851
7,625
9,480
9,789
11,430
8,599
7,724
9,108
7,675
9,534
8,289
8,093
8,882
7,275
6,599
8,251
7,314
8,105
9,206
7,478
Nov
6,680
7,013
6,905
7,174
7,805
8,430
10,850
7,669
11,900
10,100
9,496
7,989
9,067
9,895
11,160
7,312
7,766
9,299
7,355
8,910
7,590
7,578
7,804
6,885
6,156
7,401
7,593
9,589
10,600
6,947
Dec
6,710
7,165
6,858
6,852
7,060
8,801
10,060
7,285
12,160
10,230
10,610
10,710
8,873
10,740
10,680
7,860
8,669
8,626
7,324
8,878
8,179
7,292
7,376
6,662
5,802
7,314
7,583
9,634
15,070
6,662
-------
280
YEAR
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Mean of
monthly
streamflo
ws
Monthly mean streamflow, in ft'/s
Jan
6,367
9,940
14,560
8,962
14,540
15,520
14,700
9,489
12,550
14,050
9,965
6,352
12,410
6,334
8,343
6,902
16,330
19,770
16,940
11,390
13,280
6,146
5,682
6,251
6,627
6,190
5,633
7,524
5,672
9,092
14,240
11,890
13,830
12,160
5,447
5,615
5,353
5,401
9,550
Feb
5,989
10,360
14,399
8,422
14,399
15,650
14,449
12,690
12,830
14,549
9,071
6,887
11,780
6,042
6,738
7,864
13,300
12,790
15,890
12,450
7,683
5,926
5,799
5,888
5,772
5,588
5,369
6,753
5,304
12,290
23,680
12,320
13,390
8,123
5,451
5,409
5,283
5,417
9,591
Mar
5,875
6,757
14,570
6,177
10,850
15,730
13,180
17,470
14,870
16,189
8,231
7,713
13,690
6,424
6,136
10,300
9,369
10,050
12,680
19,310
6,398
5,234
5,727
5,175
4,997
4,881
5,572
6,798
4,932
21,760
25,260
12,709
13,220
8,035
5,343
5,285
5,079
5,198
9,722
Apr
6,139
5,949
10,910
9,596
25,250
21,950
11,570
20,930
19,860
22,920
5,467
10,920
11,770
7,785
8,880
19,370
14,960
19,330
15,210
22,160
5,816
5,247
5,341
5,354
5,107
4,821
5,145
6,647
4,879
19,450
19,190
14,820
15,570
10,000
5,377
4,736
4,865
4,844
10,870
May
6,440
5,691
8,200
14,320
22,250
13,020
5,793
16,560
18,880
21,610
5,550
10,440
5,586
12,850
6,754
18,350
21,620
24,090
10,690
22,200
5,321
5,370
5,301
5,615
5,467
4,459
5,618
6,467
11,090
11,010
14,290
16,900
16,130
5,849
5,854
4,750
5,022
4,875
9,965
Jun
9,768
7,546
6,424
11,690
15,230
13,880
5,820
12,070
10,980
13,400
5,473
5,703
5,582
14,590
11,680
9,730
18,060
25,140
6,852
18,110
5,580
5,673
5,528
6,075
5,456
4,467
10,520
6,186
13,519
12,540
29,800
15,320
17,400
5,555
5,090
4,624
4,552
4,460
10,190
Jul
7,089
6,266
6,211
7,586
9,171
6,279
5,825
8,111
5,325
5,567
5,326
5,704
5,514
5,547
5,377
7,853
11,630
9,665
6,266
6,741
6,258
5,796
6,028
5,750
5,729
4,694
6,058
6,136
6,516
7,034
8,742
7,470
6,454
6,402
5,120
4,671
4,425
4,313
6,640
Auq
6,579
7,265
6,556
6,400
6,552
6,685
6,126
6,596
6,040
6,894
5,601
6,256
7,355
6,082
5,812
7,100
7,760
8,283
7,019
6,949
6,431
6,105
6,743
6,140
6,186
4,716
6,570
5,555
6,672
6,861
9,373
6,740
6,951
6,735
5,135
5,000
4,761
4,488
6,583
Sep
7,324
7,707
7,449
7,714
7,876
8,011
7,213
7,149
7,236
8,011
5,926
7,941
7,158
7,058
7,423
8,744
8,508
8,665
8,432
9,027
7,665
6,425
7,282
6,861
6,865
5,192
6,119
5,775
7,094
6,570
13,060
7,691
7,282
6,786
5,677
5,695
5,367
5,104
7,339
Oct
8,260
8,410
7,682
9,441
16,530
13,910
7,352
8,362
10,050
10,160
6,089
8,315
6,891
6,997
8,188
11,570
14,950
16,610
8,157
16,300
8,108
6,519
7,389
6,928
6,833
5,785
6,619
6,304
6,448
6,498
13,289
8,097
8,265
6,826
6,028
6,069
5,661
8,598
Nov
9,299
9,480
7,043
9,943
17,700
15,340
8,182
9,728
11,650
10,460
6,046
10,350
6,586
8,439
7,191
16,410
17,800
18,910
9,519
13,869
6,840
6,582
7,336
6,625
6,298
5,804
6,874
5,790
7,783
7,782
11,910
10,120
9,422
6,015
6,009
5,676
5,610
8,916
Dec
10,610
10,420
7,529
12,210
15,659
15,330
9,541
11,570
13,950
11,730
6,113
10,170
6,336
8,628
6,899
16,940
17,490
14,370
10,500
16,250
6,408
6,148
6,967
6,118
6,242
5,705
7,709
5,648
8,211
8,943
13,370
13,830
9,861
5,679
5,767
5,585
5,582
9,220
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