UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
NOISE PUBLICATIONS
1972-1982
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INTRODUCTION
The EPA Noise Publications listed in this Bibliography are a
composite of all materials developed and made available to the public
from 1972 when EPA's Office of Noise Abatement and Control was estab-
lished through 1982 when the Noise Program was phased out and the
responsibility for Noise Abatement and Control was delegated back to
State and local governments.
The publications are listed in reverse chronological order with
1982 publications listed first.
The EPA Document Control Number is made up as follows:
550/9 Code for Office of Noise Abatement and Control
-82 Publication Year
-400 State and Local Category
From 1976 through 1982 the EPA Document Control Number indicates
the four major categories of subject areas as follows:
Health and Welfare - 100 series
Standards and Regulations - 200 series
Technical and Federal Programs - 300 series
State and Local Programs - 400 series
In some instances, a document is not available from NTIS and another
source is given. Names, addresses and telephone numbers of these sources
are listed on the following page.
An asterisk indicates the publication is only available on loan
from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Headquarters Library, OANR,
Washington, D.C. 20460.
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ASA
Acoustical Society of America
335 East 45th Street
New York, New York 10017
(212) 661-9494
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration
Department of Transportation
800 Independence Avenue, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20591
(202) 75-9027
FR
Federal Register
National Archives and Records Service
Washington, D.C. 20408
(202) 523-5240
GPO
Government Printing Office
Superintendent of Documents
Washington, D.C. 20402
(202) 783-3238
NANCO
National Association of Noise Control Officials
Post Office Box 2618
Fort Walton Beach, Florida 32549
(904) 243-8129
NBS
National Bureau of Standards
Department of Commerce
Washington, D.C. 20234
(202) 921-2495
NTIS
National Technical Information Service
Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, Virginia 22161
(703) 487-4650
Office of Naval Research
Ballston Center Tower
800 North Quincy Street
Arlington, Virginia 22217
(703) 696-4609
11
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E.R.I.C. SYSTEM
Public education materials developed by ONAC can be obtained through the
E.R.I.C. (Education Resources Information Center) System as follows:
Preparing for a Quieter Tomorrow
A teaching unit for junior and senior high schools students
ED-201 508
Sounds Alive: A Noise Workbook
Developed for elementary grades
ED-201 509
Sounds Alive: A Teacher's Guide (to the Noise Workbook)
ED-201 510
Microfiche $.91/report + .20 postage
Paper Copy 1st copy: $6.95/report + 1.84 UPS
Additional coies: $3.65/reort +1.
Cost: Microfiche
Additional copies: $3.65/report +1.47 UPS
Mailing Address: E.R.I.C. Document Repro Services
Post Office Box 190
Arlington, Virginia 22210
(703) 841-1212
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
MEASUREMENTS OF THE IMPULSIVENESS & ANNOYANCE 550/9-82-100 PB82-153180
OF COMPRESSION RELEASE ENGINE BRAKE NOISE
The research described in this report was undertaken to evaluate
the potential contribution to the overall annoyance of heavy truck
noise of the implusive character of exhaust noise created by en-
gine compression-release braking devices. Although growing num-
bers of trucks are likely to be equipped with these safety devices
in the future, current methods for assessing health and welfare
effects of traffic noise on residential populations make no speci-
fic provisions for annoyance associated with impulsive noise
sources.
FIVE YEAR PLAN FOR EFFECTS OF NOISE ON HEALTH 550/9-82-101 PB82-168972
This plan is intended to serve as a blue print for future research
by other organizations. It includes detailed plans across all the
health effects categories such as nonauditory physiologic effects,
behavioral effects and noise-induced hearing loss, to name just a
few.
ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICABILITY OF EXISTING 550/9-82-102 PB82-180134
HEALTH & WELFARE CRITERIA TO GENERAL AVIATION
AIRCRAFT NOISE & TO GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT
COMMUNITIES (FINAL REPORT)
Existing metrics of environmental noise and its impact on people
are reviewed for their suitability in assessing the impact of gen-
eral aviation (GA) noise on people in airport communities.
ANALYSIS OF NOISE RELATED AUDITORY & ASSOCI- 550/9-82-103A PB82-218629
ATED HEALTH PROLEMS IN THE U.S. ADULT POPU- 550/9-82-103B PB82-218637
LATION (1971-1975)
Analyses presented in this report are based on the national proba-
bility subsample of 6913 adults aged 25-74 who were administered
an audiometric test as well as detailed questionnaires and physi-
cal examinations dealing with hypertension and a variety of other
health conditions.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
GUIDELINES FOR NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS 550/9-82-105 PB82-219205
The purpose of the guidelines proposed in this report is to pro-
vide with analytic procedures which can be uniformly used to ex-
press and quantify impacts from noise. The quantification methods
recommended for impact assessment in these guidelines are futher
developments of the Fractional Impact Methodology used for assess-
ing the health and welfare effects of a noise environment. Three
principal types of noise and vibration environments are consid-
ered: general audible noise, special noises; and vibration.
NOISE EFFECTS HANDBOOK - A DESK REFERENCE 550/9-82-106 PB82-243981
TO HEALTH AND WELFARE EFFECTS OF NOISE
The desk reference contains up-to-date scientific information on
the health effects of noise in a "Question and Answer" format,
designed for technical or semi-technical audiences, such as State
and local officials or the general public.
HUSH PROGRAM (BARRIER COMPONENT) GUIDANCE 550/9-82-150 PB82-253535
MATERIAL
Topics addressed include a brief description of the nation's grow-
ing highway noise problem, the effects of noise on health and
welfare and how to reduce noise exposures in the proximity of
highways. Easy methods of identifying noise-hotspots are dis-
cussed and methods to obtain relief are elaborated upon.
Noise barriers as a possible solution are stressed and guidance is
given to initiate action. In addition, case histories and speci-
fic technical details are presented to assist those in charge of
planning and constructing barriers.
This study was prepared for people suffering from noise, concerned
citizens, technical and non-technical state, local and Federal
officials involved in the process of solving severe noise problems
along interstate highways, as well as planners wishing to avoid
high noise exposures through planning.
*
SUBSTRATEGY FOR CONTSTRUCTION SITE NOISE 550/9-82-151 PB82-218579
ABATEMENT
This study outlines a national strategy to address construction
site-noise. After explaining the peculiar nature of construction-
site noise and estimating the population exposed to high noise
levels, the author presents viable methods to control such noise.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
BENEFIT/COST ANALYSIS FOR STATE & LOCAL NOISE 550/9-82-152 PB82-213919
CONTROL PROGRAMS PHASE II - Report In-Use Con-
trols of Motor Vehicle with Degraded Mufflers
and Regulations Scenarios
This study projects the noise exposure of the U.S. population from
motor vehicles to the Year 2000 and indicates the reduction of
such exposures from various new product regulations compared with
in-use enforcement programs that concentrate on the removal of a
portion of defective motor vehicle exhausts. Along with the bene-
fits, the potential costs of various controls are projected for
comparison purposes.
NATIONAL ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL 550/9-82-201-A PB82-259037
(NRTNEM)
The National Roadway Traffic Noise Exposure Model (NRTNEM) is com-
prised of a collection of on-line datasets, some containing pro-
grams and others containing data. The manual describes the job
submission procedures required to run the NRTNEM as it existed on
the NCC (EPA's National Computer Center) in December, 1981, under
user ID EPADYN.
The NRTNEM actually consists of two models: The General Adverse
Response Model ("GAR"), and the Single Event Model ("SEM"). Only
one of them can be executed by a job at a time.
The NRTNEM was designed for and runs on an IBM/370 computer under
MVS, with TSO (the Time Sharing Option) and WYLBUR, the latter two
being conversational direct-access systems.
NATIONAL ROADWAY TRAFFIC NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL 550/9-82-201-B PB82-259045
(NRTNEM) - PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL
The Programmer's Manual describes the NRTNEM system described
above in more detail to facilitate program maintenance.
RAILYARD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL (RYNEM) - 550/9-82-202-A PB82-254723
Volume 1: Description of RYNEM Model
This volume presents an overview of the RYNEM model. The basic
philosophy of the model is discussed and the relevant equations
used in the computations are presented. This volume is written
for those who need to know what the model is like. It does not go
into detail of how each computation is done in the program, nor
does it teach the user how to run the model. The reader is
advised to peruse the Railroad Background document for other term-
inology used without explanation.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
RAILROAD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL (RYNEM) VOLUME 550/9-82-202-B PB82-254731
II - RYNEM USER MANUAL
This volume presents a cookbook approach to the execution of the
RYNEM model. Its intended audience is those who will exercise the
model. It assumes familiarity with Volume 1, i.e., the user knows
the quantities he inputs, and he knows the quantities printed out.
For obvious reasons, the explanations incorporated in Volume I are
not repeated. While it does not presume expertise with the EPA IBM
computer system, it does assume the user can follow the instructions
presented in this volume to the letter.
RAILROAD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL (RYNEM) VOLUME 550/9-82-202-C PB82-254749
III - RYNEM PROGRAMMING MANUAL
This volume describes the structure of the RYNEM and the model's
program source code. It is not meant to teach the reader how to run
the program. Execution of the model is described in Volume II. It
assumes the reader has digested the contents of Volume I. The
intended audience is the programmer who needs to maintain the pro-
gram and make changes to the source code. A strong knowledge of
standard IBM FORTRAN IV language is assumed.
RAILYARD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL SOURCE SUBMODEL 550/9-82-203-A PB82-259060
(RYNEM-S) VOLUME I - Description of RYNEM-S
Model
This volume presents an overview of the RYNEM-S model. The basic
philosophy of the model is discussed and the relevant equations used
in the computations are presented. This volume is written for those
who need to know what the model is like. It does not go into detail
of how each computation is done in the program, nor does it teach
the user how to run the model. It presupposes some familiarity with
the EPA noise terminology, as is covered by the "EPA Levels" docu-
ment. The reader is advised to peruse the Railroad Background docu-
ment for other terminology used without explanation.
RAILYARD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL SOURCE SUBMODEL 550/9-82-203-B PB82-259078
(RYNEM-S) VOLUME II - RYNEM-S USERS MANUAL
This volume presents a cookbook approach to the execution of the
RYNEM-S model. Its intended audience is those who will exercise the
model. It assumes familitarity with Volume I, i.e., the user knows
the quantities he inputs, and he knows the quantities printed out.
For obvious reasons, the explanations incorporated in Volume I are
repeated. While it does not presume expertise with the EPA IBM com-
puter system, it does assume the user can follow the instructions
presented in this volume.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
RAILYARD NOISE EXPOSURE MODEL SOURCE SUBMODEL 550/9-82-203-C PB82-259086
(RYNEM-S) VOLUME III - RYNEM-S PROGRAMMER MANUAL
This volume describes the structure of the RYNEM-S and the model's
program source code. It is not meant to teach the reader how to run
the program. Execution of the model is described in Volume II. It
assumes the reader has digested the contents of Volume I. The intended
audience is the programmer who needs to maintain the program and make
changes to the source code. A strong knowledge of standard IBM FORTRAN
IV language is assumed.
RAILROAD CASH FLOW MODEL SOFTWARE DOCUMENT- 550/9-82-204-A PB82-259102
ATION VOLUME I Cash Flow Model Description
This document describes the cash flow model used in the financial
analysis conducted for the background document to railroad yard noise
standards. It first details the purpose of the cash flow model. Next,
a derivative to the equations used in the model is presented. Volume
II lists the data inputs needed to use the model. Finally, a sample
output of the model is shown with notes on how to interpret it.
RAILROAD CASH FLOW MODEL SOFTWARE DOCUMENT- 550/9-82-204-B PB82-259110
ATION VOLUME II Cash Flow Model Users Guide
This volume of the railroad cash flow software documentation describes
the use of the railroad cash flow model. It tells how to access the
model and how to change the data. Section 2.1 provides a brief over-
view of the design of the cash flow model and the computing environ-
ment it is used in. Section 2.2 describes how to access the computer
and run the model. Section 2.3 shows how to change the data. Section
2.4 is a sample output. Appendix A is a sample session with the cash
flow model. Appendix B is a list of key commands which can be used on
the WYLBUR system. Appendix C explains how to restore files which have
been archived.
RAILROAD CASH FLOW MODEL SOFTWARE DOCUMENTA- 550/9-82-204-C PB82-259128
TION VOLUME III Cash Flow Model Programmers Manual
This manual provides information on how to service the cash flow
model. It is written for a user who has some familiarity with standard
IBM FORTRAN-IV and the WYLBUR system.
The manual has four sections. The first section discusses the model
design through its technical specifications, data requirements and
algorithms. The second section defines the data base specifications
and defines the data names. The third section is an annotated listing
of the program. The fourth section describes verification and test
procedures for the model.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
AIRPORT NOISE LITIGATION-CASE LAW REVIEW 550/9-82-326 PB82-162066
(1973-1980)
This report examines the judicial trends in airport noise litiga-
tion by analyzing the decisions from many of the relevant legal
cases. The significant issues arising out of these various cases
examine this conflict from four viewpoints: 1) who is liable for
aircraft noise related damages? 2) what is the scope of airport
use restrictions? 3) what are the legal theories and trends in
awarding aircraft noise-related damages? 4) what is the effect of
land use planning and environmental impact statements on airport
control? This extensive case law review indicates that the courts
are continuing to hold the airport proprieter liable for aircraft
noise-related damages. The judiciary is also expanding the legal
theories and granting recovery for noise-related effects on people
under the nuisance theory of emotional distress as well as under
the traditional inverse condemnation theory for deprivation of
property.
PROCEDURES TO ESTIMATE AIRPORT RESIDENTIAL 550/9-82-327 PB82-239641
RELOCATION COSTS
The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition
Policies Act of 1970 is reviewed. Procedures are provided for:
(1) developing a well-defined set of cases for which relocation
costs may be estimated; (2) determining the costs in current dol-
lars for each expense item in each relocation case; and (3) deter-
mining the frequency of occurrence for each case as applied to
specific airports. Total costs for all cases for a hypothetical
airport relocation effort are provided. Supporting data and
equations used are presented.
A STUDY OF SOUNDPROOFING REQUIREMENTS FOR 550/9-82-328 PB82-250168
RESIDENCES ADJACENT TO COMMERCIAL AIRPORTS
This study was conducted to estimate the costs of soundproofing
dwellings within the Ld 65 noise contours at major U.S.
commercial airports. To determine the distribution of dwelling
types in each region, and to obtain detailed information on local
dwelling characteristics that affect noise reduction, field sur-
veys were conducted at one airport in each region. The afrports
surveyed were selected on the basis that the local dwelling
characteristics were representative of the respective region. The
information obtained was used to identify the types of modifica-
tions most suitable for soundproofing dwellings in each region.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AIRCRAFT FLIGHT PROCEDURES PROGRAM MODIFIED 550/9-82-329 PB82-183-757
COMPUTER PROGRAM MODEL-USERS MANUAL
This manual describes an aircraft flight procedures model used to
construct aircraft flight paths and performance schedules for
specified operational procedures. The computer model algorithms
were derived from fundamental aircraft and engine performance
relationships or from operational characteristics applicable to
specific aircraft types.
AIRCRAFT FLIGHT PROCEDURES PROGRAM: DATA 550/9-82-330 PB82-183740
BASE DEVELOPMENT Mag. Tape PB82-186172
The purpose of this study was to identify and collect performance
and operational data and information required to construct flight
paths and performance schedules for selected commercial aircar-
rier aircraft types. The information can be used to determine
the flight paths and performance schedules for aircraft operating
in accordance with specified flight procedures.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM SUMMARY: 550/9-82-331-A PB82-220328
TRUCK NOISE REDUCTION
This report presents a comprehensive overview of an EPA-sponsored
program to demonstrate the technology and costs of reducing the
noise of four heavy-duty diesel trucks to 72 dBA. The program
comprised engineering development and service evaluation phases.
Noise control treatments were developed and installed on each
truck to reduce its noise to the target level. The treatments
included partial engine and transmission enclosures, exhaust
silencing systems, and two-stage engine mounts for 2 of the 4
trucks. Three trucks entered fleet service where they accumu-
lated 230,000 miles. The treatments proved to be durable and
effective and did not have an adverse impact on the operation of
any vehicle. Maintenance labor time increased by 1.4% because of
the need to remove enclosure panels while performing some main-
tenance procedures.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-B PB82-220336
NOISE REDUCTION, TECHNOLOGY & COSTS FOR
A FORD CLT 9000 HEAVY DUTY DIESEL TRUCK
This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce
the noise of a Ford CLT 9000 heavy-duty diesel truck from 77.1 to
72.3 dBA. The noise control treatment consists primarily of a
dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclosure for the en-
gine and transmission. Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck
show that temperatures of engine coolant and oil remain within
manufacturer's specified limits. The noise treatment increases
the vehicle weight by 397 Ib and estimated vehicle price by
$1309.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-C PB82-220344
NOISE REDUCTION, TECHNOLOGY & COSTS FOR A
GENERAL MOTORS BRIGADIER HEAVEY-DUTY
DIESEL TRUCK
This report discussess the technology and costs required to reduce
the noise of a General Motors Brigadier heavy-duty diesel truck
from 81.7 to 71.6 dBA. The noise control treatment consists pri-
marily of a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclosure
for the engine and transmission. The noise treatment increases
vehicle weight by 340 Ib and estimated vehicle price by $1174.
Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck show that temperatures of
engine coolant and oil remain within manufacturer's specified
limites.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-D PB82-2220351
NOISE REDUCTION, TECHNOLOGY & COSTS FOR AN
INTER-NATIONAL HARVESTER F-4370 HEAVY-DUTY
DIESEL TRUCK
This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce
the noise of an International Harvester F-4370 heavy-duty diesel
truck from 81.1 to 72.2 dBA. The noise control treatment consists
primarily of a dual exhaust silencing system and a partial enclo-
sure for the engine and transmission. The noise treatment in-
creases the vehicle weight by 332 Ib and estimated vehicle price
by $1302. Wind tunnel tests on the completed truck show that tem-
peratures of engine coolant and oil remain within generally ac-
ceptable limits.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-E PB82-220369
NOISE REDUCTION, TECHNOLOGY & COSTS FOR MACK
R686 HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL TRUCK
This report discusses the technology and costs required to reduce
the noise of a Mack R686 heavy-duty diesel truck from 81.6 dBA to
73.2 dBA. The noise control treatments consist primarily of a
partial enclosure for the engine and transmission, an exhaust
silencing system, and two-stage engine mounts. These treatments
increase the vehicle weight by 398 Ib and estimated vehicle price
by $1296.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-F PB82-220377
FIELD TEST OF A QUIETED FORD CLT 9000 HEAVY-
DUTY DIESEL TRUCK
This report describes the field test and operational performance
evaluation of a quieted Ford CLT 9000 heavy-duty diesel truck.
The noise of the truck had been reduced from 77.1 dBA to 72.3 dBA.
The field test showed the noise control treatments to be effective
and durable in over 100,000 miles of service. The treatments had
no adverse impact on the vehicle's operation and appear to have
had negligible effect on fuel consumption. Incremental mainten-
ance time of 2.5 hours was attributable to the treatments' impact
on normal annual vehicle maintenance.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-G PB82-220385
FIELD TEST OF A QUIETED GENERAL MOTORS BRIGAD-
IER HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL TRUCK
This report describes the field test and operational performance
evaluation of a quieted General Motors Brigadier heavy-duty diesel
truck. The noise of the truck had been reduced from 81.7 dBA to
71.6 dBA. The 12-month field test showed the noise control treat-
ments to be effective and durable, although the noise level of the
truck did increase slightly. The treatments did not have an ad-
verse impact on vehicle operation and there was no evidence of
payload displacement. The vehicle's fuel economy was better than
that of comparison vehicles, but this was not caused by the noise
treatments. Incremental maintenance time of 2.25 hours was at-
tributable to treatment removal and interference while performing
regular maintenance during the 12-month period.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DEMONSTRATION TRUCK PROGRAM: 550/9-82-331-H PB82-220351
FIELD TEST OF A QUIETED INTERNATIONAL HARVES-
TER F-4370 HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL TRUCK
This report describes the field test and operational performance
evaluation of a quieted International Harvester F-4370 heavy-duty
diesel truck. The noise of the truck had been reduced from 81.1 dBA
to 72.7 dBA. The truck accumulated 36,000 miles in 5 months of ser-
vice. The treatments were effective and durable, and the noise level
of the truck did not increase. The treatments did not have an
adverse impact on vehicle operations and there was no evidence that
the weight of the treatments displaced payload. The treatments did
not have a measurable effect on fuel consumption. The treatments had
a minimal impact on maintenance time.
EVALUATION OF A SIMULATED ROAD TEXTURE FOR 550/9-82-332 PB82-250127
THE TESTING OF TIRE/ROAD NOISE
As part of a project to study tire/road, a laboratory roadwheel
facility was equipped with replica road surfaces. Moving tests on a
flat steel surface were also made. This document compares results
from real and simulated surfaces.
THEORETICAL MODELS FOR TIRE/ROAD NOISE EXPERI- 550/9-82-333 **
MENTAL EVALUATION & DOCUMENTATION
As part of a program to develop engineering design tools suitable for
the development of quiet tires, a set of theoretical noise models was
prepared and evaluated. Near-field noise and vibration measurements
were made on a roadwheel facility equipped with simulated road sur-
faces. Data were also collected on a smooth steel roadwheel, so as
to separate tread pattern and pavement texture-associated components.
Stationary vibration tests, with electrodynamic shaker input, were
performed to obtain response of the tire. Contact patch pressure
distributions, required for the noise models, were obtained with an
array of miniature transducers. The evaluations lead to the refine-
ment of the noise models. Based on these refinements, the models
were finalized and computer programs prepared.
METHODS TO REDUCE DIESEL ENGINE NOISE 550/9-82-334 PB82-247925
This report reviews the state-of-the-art for diesel engine noise
reduction and presents new techniques for reducing engine block
vibration and radiated noise. It presents a technique which makes it
possible to identify and rank order the sources of noise within the
engine.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DEMONSTRATION OF NOISE CONTROL FOR THE CUMMINS 550/9-82-335 PB82-235581
NTC-350 HEAVY-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
This report presents the results of an engineering study to
design and demonstrate a method of reducing piston-slap noise for
an inline, heavy-duty truck diesel engine for a Cummins NTC-350
engine. Modifications were designed to achieve a 5 dBA noise
reduction without degrading engine performance, fuel economy or
emissions.
DEMONSTRATION OF NOISE CONTROL FOR THE DDA 550/9-82-336 PB82-234295
6V-92 TTA HEAVY-DUTY TRUCK DIESEL ENGINE
This report presents the results of an engineering study to
design and demonstrate methods of reducing diesel engine block
vibration and radiated noise. The modifications were designed
for the Detroit Diesel Allison 6V-92 TTA heavy-duty diesel truck
engine so that the noise reduction was achieved without degrading
engine performance, fuel economy or emissions.
SECOND NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GENERAL AVIATION 550/9-82-337 PB82-218520
AIRPORT NOISE AND LAND USE PLANNING SUMMARY
This report constitutes the proceedings of the three day Second
National Conference on General Aviation Airport Noise and Land
Use Planning. The attendees at this Conference showed a greater
awareness of the general aviation airport noise situation than at
the first Conference. The airport operators and the planners
have become more knowledgeable in this area, perhaps due, in
part, to ANCLUC studies at several general aviation airports.
NOISE EXPOSURE AROUND JOINT-USE AIRPORTS 550/9-82-338 PB82-254699
This report describes a study of present and future exposures of
people to noise from airports used by both civilians and military
aircraft and predicts how exposure around these airports will be
affected by increasingly stringent aircraft noise regulations in
the absence of similar regulation of military aircraft.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
COMMUNITY NOISE AROUND GENERAL AVIATION AIR- 550/9-82-339 PB82-239666
PORTS FROM THE YEAR 1975 to 2000
This study forecasts general aviation airport noise from 1975 to
the year 2000. It focuses upon noise due to propeller-driven and
business jet airplanes that operate at exclusively general avia-
tion airports. The results of the study, expressed in terms of
geographical area and population within day-night average sound
levels of 55 decibels and higher, are estimated at five-year
intervals covering this study period.
ACTIONS AFFECTING LAND-USE COMPATIBILITY AT 550/9-82-340 PB82-240375
U.S. AIRPORTS
This report documents the actions taken by airports as a result of
recommendations made by Airport Noise Control and Land Use Compa-
tibility (ANCLUC) studies funded by the Airport and Airways Devel-
opment Act of 1970 (ADAP) and as a result of FY 1980 Federal
grants authorized by the Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act
of 1980.
USER'S MANUAL FOR THE ALAMO DEMOGRAPHIC 550/9-82-341 PB82-240367
REPORT GENERATOR PROGRAM (DEMCON)
This report presents a discussion of the user requirements and
procedures for executing the Demographic Report Generator Program.
DEMCOM, a computer program written in FORTRAN IV programming lan-
guage, uses as input the Aircraft Noise Levels and Annoyance Model
(ALAMO) demographic profile reports which are generated for each
octant of specified day-night sound level (Ljp) contour band
and computes the same variables for the all-octant case. The pro-
gram also projects selected demographic variables to future years
based on historical growth rates for population, households, and
per capita income.
USER'S MANUAL FOR AUTOMATED CALCULATION OF 550/9-82-342 PB82-240342
FLEET NOISE LEVEL AND AIRPORT NOISE INDEX
This manual provides instructions to the users of a series%of pro-
grams that calculate fleet noise level (FNL) and airport noise
index (ANI). The concept of FNL provides a method for evaluating
the noise status of fleets of aircraft. Using FNL, comparisons
can be developed between fleets for all airports or subsets of
airports. It is an average of acoustical energies. The ANI is a
measure that is sensitive to total acoustical energy.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AIRPORT COMMUNITY SOUNDPROOFING AND RELOCA- 550/9-82-343 PB82-259144
TION STUDY
This study provides the methodology used to integrate parameters
affecting noise exposure, considers soundproofing and relocation
program issues, and presents procedures used to quantify airport
residential soundproofing and relocation costs.
AIRPORT NOISE - LAND USE COMPATIBILITY BY 550/9-82-344 PB82-259151
YEAR 2000
This report reviews the progress which has been made in airport
noise control and presents a forecast of changes in aviation noise
exposure that will occur during the balance of this century.
Results are given of an analysis which examines the benefits of
noise abatement flight operations, flight procedures, and of
restrictions on population encroachment, on residential noise
exposure. Cost of residential soundproofing and relocation, based
upon in-depth studies, are presented for four air carrier airports
which represent four airport catetories. While the main focus of
the report is on noise exposure above L^ 65 at air carrier
airports, noise exposure around general aviation and joint use
civil/military airports is also discussed.
A UNIFIED SET OF MODELS FOR TIRE/ROAD NOISE 550/9-82-345 PB82-250150
GENERATION
A set of theoretical models has been prepared which describes the
noise generated by tire/road interaction. The mechanisms consid-
ered are air pumping and carcass vibration. The models begin with
a set of thin shell equations describing the motion of the belt of
a radial ply tire, as derived by Bohm ("Mechanisms of the Belted
Tire," Ingeniur-Archiv, XXXV, 1966).
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING AUTOMOBILE NOISE 550/9-82-405 PB82-196130
This study presents a method that can be used to examine and quan-
tify each factor contributing to motor vehicle noise produced by
automobile accelerating on city/suburban streets. It is based on
data collected in six different jurisdictions subject to a range
of noise control programs and was developed to assist State/local
jurisdictions to formulate or refine motor vehicle noise control
programs.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 550/9-82-406 PB82-200288
PROPERTY LINE NOISE CONTROL PROGRAMS
This study describes that basic components found in four active prop-
erty line noise control programs and suggests a method for assessing
program effectiveness. It is for use by local jurisdictions inter-
ested in developing property line noise control or assessing current
program completeness.
AN EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES TO CONTROL NOISE 550/9-82-407 PB82-239633
FROM REFUSE COLLECTION VEHICLES
This report investigates four potential noise control approaches to
the control of noise .from refuse vehicles. These included: (1) The
potential impact of a legislative alternative requiring stationary
compactors for all new hi-rise developments; (2) The effect of a col-
lection curfew; (3) The incorporation of noise into an annual inspec-
tion program and (4) The impact of taking no local action and allow-
ing federal regulations to serve as the only control.
AN EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES TO CONTROL NOISE 550/9-82-408 PB82-193277
FROM MINIBIKES
This report covers a series of potential control strategies for mini-
bike noise which can be used in a metropolitan jurisdiction. Other
jurisdictions would gain insight into their mini bike noise problems
from reading this report. These potential strategies include: a
curfew alternative; a specific use area; prohibited use on public
land except recreational areas and on private lands with permission
of the owner; and an exploration of the possibility of a
registration/licensing fee. The study was made in Montgomery County,
Maryland, which is a large and wealthy suburban area that is part of
the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area. Exploration of the curfew
alternative indicates that it is not a particularly effective stra-
tegy in controlling mini bike noise.
STATE & LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE CONTROL 1980 550/9-82-409 PB82-192782
SURVEY REPORT
*
This report, conducted by the National League of Cities, covers pub-
lic attitude on noise, legislation and enforcement, State and local
resources. It provides excellent background to municipalities inter-
est in the State-of-the-art in noise abatement control. This report
is an assessment of the principal sources of State and local noise
problems across the country, and shows what municipalities are doing
to abate and control noise in their own communities.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
QUIET COMMUNITIES PROGRAM EXPERIMENT/ 550/9-82-411 PB82-220716
DEMONSTRATION
A partial assessment of the results of a Federally sponsored pro-
gram conducted in three cities to demonstrate the best available
techniques for developing local noise control. Includes an over-
all summary and focuses on the correlation between attitudinal and
acoustical surveys, between actual noise levels and public
perception.
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING BENEFITS OF A MODEL 550/9-82-412 **
NOISE CONTROL BUILDING CODE
This report will provide communities with the procedure for deter-
mining the benefits of a building noise code to citizens within
that community. The report should be used in conjunction with the
Model Building Code and the manual for assessing costs for a
building code.
TRAINING MANUAL FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT NOISE 550/9-82-413 PB82-259136
CONTROL PERMIT SCHEME FOR MODEL BUILDING CODE
This manual specifically deals with the acoustical impact of
building mechanical equipment systems on the exterior environment
surrounding a building site. It has been prepared as a training
and implementation guide for building officials and engineers
whose knowledge and training in acoustics may be limited.
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS MOTORCYCLE NOISE 550/9-82-428
STATIONARY TEST PROCEDURES
The purpose of this report is to provide technical information to
State and local noise control officials on the correlation between
stationary motorcycle noise tests and the federal F76 passby noise
test.
GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR POLICE IN STATE AND LOCAL 550/9-82-429 PB82-254707
NOISE ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
The purpose of this manual is to provide law enforcement personnel
with the necessary technical skills and procedures to enforce
State and local motor vehicle noise laws. The manual has been
written for use by the police officer charged with the enforcement
responsibilities, as well as his supervisor.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
FEDERAL NOISE RESEARCH IN HEALTH EFFECTS 550/9-81-100 PB82-150772
(1978-1980)
This review of U.S. sponsored research on the effects of noise on
health is an update of a previous survey which compares present
trends in research in different noise effects research categories
and by federal agency. The following categories of research are
covered: Nonauditory Physiologic Responses; Noise Effects on
Sleep; Individual and Community Response; Behavioral, Social, and
Performance Effects; Communication Interference; Noise Environment
Determination and Exposure Characterization; and Human Response to
Noise Concomitant with Vibration.
NOISE IN AMERICA - EXTENT OF THE NOISE 550/9-81-101 PB82-219189
PROBLEM
The number of Americans exposed to various levels of occupational
and environmental noise is estimated. Estimates are made for 11
categories of noise producers (e.g., traffic, aircraft, construc-
tion) using the Ldn or Leq(24) metrics.
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN HEALTH EFFECTS 550/9-81-102 PB82-148628
(1978-81)
Research from 19 countries, including 168 research projects, is by
specific categories of health effects. For each project, an
abstract, the name and address of the principle investigator, fund-
ing and sponsor data (if available), and citations of available
publications are given.
EPIDEMIOLOGY FEASIBILITY STUDY: EFFECTS OF 550/9-81-103-A PB82-147752
NOISE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 550/9-81-103-B PB82-147760
550/9-81-103-C PB82-147778
This 3 volume report contains a review of all world literature to
date and a critical analysis of existing foreign and domestic epi-
demiological research on the nonauditory physiological effects of
noise. In addition, the scientific literature on hypertension,
cardiovascular disease, and general stress are analyzedsufor its
applicability to noise effects epidemiology. Information and
recommendations pertinent to a number of substantive and methodo-
logical issues related to the design and conduct of future noise
effects epidemiology is also provided.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DETAILED RESEARCH PLAN CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS 550/9-81-104 PB82-163379
OF NOISE
As part of its research effort in the area of noise effects, EPA
developed the plan contained in this report to organize research
dealing with cardiovascular effects which has been identified by
numerous experts as the number one noise effects research priority.
The report delineates the current state of scientific knowledge and
several planning alternatives for research to aimed at reaching pro-
tective human criteria.
HANDBOOK FOR MEASURING THE INTERSTATE RAIL 550/9-81-200 PB82-145335
CARRIER NOISE EMISSIONS STANDARDS
This handbook describes procedures for measuring compliance with
EPA's Noise Emission Standards, which set limits on the noise of
locomotives, rail cars, active retarders, car-coupling impacts, and
locomotive load cell test standards.
CONSUMER PRODUCT NOISE IMPACT MODEL: USERS 550/9-81-250 PB82-254756
MANUAL AND PROGRAM GUIDE (Computer Tape)
This report documents the development of a conceptual model, and a
computer program for its implementation, for assessing the aggregate
impact of noise from household and consumer products on the health
and welfare of the national population. The computer program
requires input data on population, time utilization, dwelling type,
noise isolation in dwellings, product noise emission, and product
utilization. From the input data, the "weighted population," corre-
sponding to each of a number of different noise descriptors, is com-
puted. The report describes the assumptions involved in the model,
reviews available input data, and documents the computer program.
AD HOC INTERNATIONAL MEETING OF REGULATORY 550/9-81-251-A PB81-223265
OFFICIALS ON ALIGNMENT OF NOISE TEST
PROCEDURES, DECEMBER 9-12, 1980, NATIONAL
REGULATORY SITUATIONS AND REGULATIONS
CONCERNING NOISE SOURCE EMISSIONS
This document is a compendium of noise regulations in the countries
participating in the first Ad Hoc International Meeting of Regula-
tory Officials on Alignment of Noise Test Procedures. The regula-
tions described in the compendium include those existing, those
under development, and those anticipated within five years, and fall
into six product categories: Construction Equipment, Domestic
Appliances, Miscellaneous, Railroads, Motor Vehicles, and Aircraft.
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO,
PROCEEDINGS OF THE AD HOC INTERNATIONAL MEET-
ING OF REGULATORY OFFICIALS ON ALIGNMENT OF
NOISE TEST PROCEDURES-DECEMBER 9-12, 1980
550/9-81-251-B
PB82-147224
This document presents the Proceedings of the First Ad Hoc Interna-
tional Meeting of Regulatory Officials on Alignment of Noise Test
Procedures. The Ad Hoc Meeting was held in Washington, D.C. on
December 9-12, 1980. The Proceedings describes the history and
rationale of the meeting, presents the Meeting conclusions, details
the Meeting agenda, lists the participants, and summarizes the pre-
sentations made at the Meeting and the ensuing discussions.
ANALYSIS AND ABATEMENT OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
NOISE
550/9-81-314-A
PB82-148115
This study investigated the noise associated with highway construc-
tion activities. It involved the identification and examination of
associated noise characteristics, availability and demonstration of
abatement measures, as well as the development of a computer based
model for use as a tool to predict the noise impact of construction
activities and to plan mitigation measures. The model was devel-
oped for use on the FHWA computer (IBM 360). A total of seven re-
ports were prepared in this study and have been released for public
distribution.
A MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION NOISE
550/9-81-314-B
PB82-148123
IBM 360/SYSTEM BATCH VERSION OF HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION
550/9-81-341-C
PB82-148131
APPENDIX A HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION NOISE FIELD
MEASUREMENTS SITE ONE 1-201 (CALIFORNIA)
550/9-81-314-D
PB82-148149
APPENDIX B HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION NOISE FIELD
MEASUREMENTS SITE TWO 1-205 (STATE OF OREGON)
550/9-81-314-E
PB82-148156
APPENDIX C HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION NOISE FIELD
MEASUREMENTS SITE THREE 1-95/395 (MARYLAND)
550/9-81-314-F
PB82-148164
APPENDIX D HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION NOISE FIELD
SITE FOUR 1-75 (FLORIDA)
550/9-81-314-G
PB82-148172
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY NOISE IMPACT MODELING
VOL. I 550/9-81-315-A PB82-148099
This study describes the development of a machinery noise computer
model which may be used to assess the effect of occupational noise
on the health and welfare of industrial workers. The purpose of the
model is to provide EPA with the methodology to evaluate the person-
nel noise problem, to identify the equipment types responsible for
the exposure and to assess the potential benefits of a given noise
control action. Due to its flexibility in design and application,
the model and supportive computer program can be used by other fed-
eral agencies, state governments, labor and industry as an aid in
the development of noise abatement programs.
VOL. II 550/9-81-315-B PB82-148107
Appendices
SHEET METAL SHOP NOISE CONTROL STUDY AT THE 550/9-81-316 PB82-147307
CHARLESTON NAVAL SHIPYARD
This report contains an evaluation of noise conditions in the sheet
metal shop at the Charleston Naval Shipyard in Charleston, South
Carolina (CNSY Shop 17). The study was performed during 1978. The
evaluation is based on noise exposure data for full time workers in
Shop 17 and an analysis of noise emissions of the individual machine
types used in the shop. Noise emission data are presented for the
following equipment types: band saws, friction saws, pneumatic
grinders, electric routers, square shears, nibblers, belt sanders,
punch presses (manual and numerically controlled), press brakes,
cutoff saws, spot welders, drill presses, pneumatic drills and elec-
tric drills.
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN SURFACE TRANSPORATION 550/9-81-317 PB82-100306
This report provides a broad overview of the international research
effort in surface transportation noise abatement and control that
was completed or underway in the 1978-1981 time period. 294 pro-
jects were reported by 21 countries and 2 community groups (CEC &
EEC). Reports included:
o Identification of Program Sponsor
o Type of Research
o Funding Levels
o Program Summary*
o References
Activities covered ranged from basic research, through technology
development and, systems demonstration programs including noise pre-
diction and measurement methodologies.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
FOREIGN RESEARCH IN TIRE NOISE 550/9-81-318 PB81-247066
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has identified
noise from surface vehicles as a significant noise problem in the
United States and noise from tires as a principal contributor to
this problem. Moreover, as noise from the other parts of the
vehicle is gradually reduced through the application of better
technology, noise from tires will become a more significant
contributor, when the vehicle is operated at high speeds. This
report provides an overview of recently completed, current, or
planned foreign tire noise research, development, and demonstra-
tion projects, and identifies tire industry developments and
developing changes in tire technology which may have a bearing on
noise.
EFFECT OF COOLING SYSTEM DESIGN ON TRUCK NOISE 550/9-81-319 PB82-101148
The engine cooling fan is a major component noise source in high-
way trucks. The purpose of this report is to review the current
state of the art for quieting of truck cooling system fans.
Recent improvements in analytical capabilities and increased
understanding of fan noise are reviewed.
Considerable emphasis is devoted to the investigation of the cool-
ing system airflow requirement and an evaluation of alternative
cooling system airflow configurations which would yield signifi-
cant cooling system sound level reductions. Recommendations for
actions which would foster the design, development, and installa-
tion of quieter fans are made.
EFFECT OF ACOUSTICAL ENGINE ENCLOSURES ON 550/9-81-320 PB82-101155
TRUCK COOLING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Quieting internal combustion engine noise from highway vehicles is
currently accomplished by means of acoustical engine enclosures.
These enclosures may also have the effect of restricting the cool-
ing airflow traveling through the engine compartment.
The purpose of this report is to describe and discuss engine com-
partment airflow, establish the framework of a semi-Analytical
model describing this airflow, review the effect of acoustical
engine enclosures on this airflow, and identify and specify addi-
tional data required for such a model to be measured. In addi-
tion, instrumentation which can be used to monitor truck cooling
system performance during in-use operation is specified.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AVAILABILITY OF WORKPLACE NOISE CONTROL 550/9-81-321 PB82-219163
TECHNOLOGY SELECTED MACHINES
This report reviews the noise control technology available to
equipment manufacturers and users of the following machines:
automatic screw machines, semi-automatic stamping presses, planes,
wood saws, metal saws, crawler tractors, molding machines, spin-
ning frames, and twisters. The study also looks at the reasons
for the unavailability of certain control technology. The avail-
ability of new quiet machines on the market place is also
reviewed.
EVALUATION AND ABATEMENT OF NOISE FROM AIR- 550/9-81-322 PB82-16.8360
CRAFT AUXILIARY POWER UNITS AND AIRPORT GROUND
POWER UNITS
APUs and GPUs provide essential service to aircraft during ground
operations. Sound levels near these devices range from 80 to 87
dBA at 30 m for APUs, 83 to 103 dBA at 10 m for turbine-engined
GPUs, and 71 to 80 dBA at 10 m for piston-engined GPUs. Proce-
dures are provided for: (1) estimating community sound levels due
to APUs and GPUs, (2) estimating their exposures in terms of day-
night sound levels, and (3) assessing the desirability of noise
abatement by comparison to recommended levels for acceptability.
NOISE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION FOR SUPER- 550/9-81-323 PB82-169616
SONIC TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRCRAFT
The report contains five sections. Section 2 develops a basic
perspective on the noise of subsonic and supersonic aircraft and
the general relationships between their airframe and engine per-
formance characteristics, noise certification standard, and noise
impact. Section 3 summarizes the status of individual elements of
noise control technology including engine, aerodynamics, and oper-
ational procedures. Section 4 reviews some of the integrated
airframe-engine noise integration studies, and Section 5 attempts
to summarize where noise and the SST stand with respect to tech-
nology. This report is based on information developed and made
available prior to Fall 1978.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AIRCRAFT NOISE - TAKEOFF FLIGHT PROCEDURES 550/9-81-324 PB82-170457
AND FUTURE GOALS
The study was designed to develop and analyze an aircraft takeoff
noise data base consisting of areas and populations, computed as a
function of noise level, aircraft type, weight and takeoff flight
procedure. Six aircraft, each at typical and maximum weight, were
chosen to represent the range of civil transport aircraft and en-
gine types. The data base developed in this report enable an
approximate direct translation of results between various opera-
tional procedures and the certification test procedures.
ESTIMATE OF THE IMPACT OF NOISE FROM JET 550/9-81-325 PB82-161324
AIRCRAFT AIR CARRIER. OPERATIONS
This report contains an update and revision of the estimated noise
impact of airport jet air carrier operations in the years 1975 and
2000. These estimates are based on the current takeoff flight
procedures, the 1979 FAA fleet forecast, and current definitions
of new technology aircraft. They do not assume additional regu-
latory actions, either in aircraft noise certification or in air-
port operations, nor do they assume additional noise control ef-
forts on the part of individual airports.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT NOISE- 550/9-81-400 PB82-132523
CONTROL PERMIT SCHEME FOR MODEL BUILDING CODE
This report deals with the development of noise-control approaches
applicable to a mechanical equipment permit scheme for commercial,
business, institutional, and residential high-rise buildings.
The report identifies and categorizes mechanical equipment as
noise sources. The equipment is classified and rank-ordered on
the basis of potential noise impact. A series of worksheets and
guidelines are presented for use in performing the calculations
necessary to evaluate a given mechanical design for exterior noise
impact.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
MODEL NOISE CONTROL PROVISIONS FOR BUILDING 550/9-81-401 PB82-134081
CODES AND AN IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL
A model municipal noise control code for buildings has been devel-
oped. Also included is an implementation manual for this code.
The provisions of the code were developed with three objectives in
mind. First, they attempt to minimize the adverse health and wel-
fare effects of intruding noise without requiring the construction
of economically unreasonable buildings. Proposed standards for
the outdoor reduction of noise levels are achievable with existing
materials and construction techniques. Secondly, enforcement for
the review of plans and for the acceptance of completed buildings
are described. Thirdly, this material should help jurisdictions
develop a process of administration and enforcement that is com-
patible with existing building code procedures.
CODE OF CURRENT PRACTICES FOR ENFORCEMENT OF 550/9-81-402 PB82-132606
MODEL NOISE CONTROL ORDINANCE
;-
This report provides communities interested in adopting a noise
control ordinance with measurement procedures for effective
enforcement. The first segment discusses the theory of sound,
terminology, and computation methods. Vibration measurement and
criteria are also presented.
The second segment of this report presents the current measurement
procedures. Noise and vibration measurement procedures are pre-
sented for stationary noise sources. These include statistical
sampling and steady sound techniques, both weighted and octave
band. Both froadway (passby) and stationary sound level measure-
• ment methods are provided for automobiles, trucks, and motor-
cycles. Sound measurement procedures are also included for buses,
construction equipment, model vehicles, recreation vehicles, and
refuse collection vehicles.
AN EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES TO CONTROL NOISE 550/9-81-403 PB82-241852
FROM GRAIN DRYERS
This report deals with the investigation of each of the noise con-
trol alternatives for grain dryers in the State of Maryland. The
primary objective of this study was to furnish and verify informa-
tion with recommendations for future approaches to grain dryers
noise control which would be of assistance to other juridictions,
faced with grain dryers noise problems, as well as, references to
other studies which may be helpful.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AN EVALUATION OF STRATEGIES TO CONTROL NOISE 550/9-81-404 PB82-165903
FROM AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION CONDENS-
ING UNITS
This report details the strategies evaluated and assesses the ex-
perience encountered in the investigation of noise from air condi-
tioners and refrigeration condensing units in the State of Mary-
land. Each is designed to provide guidance for the State and lo-
cal noise agencies faced with similar noise problems. Hence, em-
phasis is placed on the practical aspects of attempting to imple-
ment innovative approaches.
NATIONAL AMBIENT NOISE SURVEY 550/9-82-410 PB82-193681
The objectives, methodology, and results of a national survey of
outdoor noise environments in urban residential areas are discus-
sed. The objectives were to determine overall noise levels,
source contributions, and patterns of spatial and temporal varia-
tion in these areas, along with the effect of three locational
factors on these parameters. The survey employed a randomized
site selection procedure, a stratified sampling strategy, and a
multifaceted measurement protocol to meet these objectives.
Results of the survey include a simple model which predicts
Ldn in these areas, projections of nationwide noise impact,
average source contributions and temporal noise level histories
and average variations in noise level at different locations
around residential units.
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL SOCIAL SURVEY 550/9-81-414 PB82-244360
This workbook provides specific instructions for the design and
administration of a social survey of community attitudes toward
noise. Implementation of a social survey is an exercise in man-
agement, but in addition to following the rules and guidelines in
the manual, city officials must exercise judgment and "common
sense."
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL: SOCIAL 550/9-81-415 PB82-243024
SURVEY USERS MANUAL ^
This document provides specific instructions for the design and
administration of a social survey of community attitudes toward
noise. The social survey should be used with the Acoustical
Survey and the Community Noise Strategy Guidelines.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL:
TELEPHONE ATTITUDINAL SURVEY GUIDELINES 550/9-81-416 PB81-244295
This report provides guidelines for the implementation of a tele-
phone survey for determining community attitudes towards noise.
The manual provides the survey format and the information required
to logistically implement the program.
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL: ACOUSTIC 550/9-81-417 PB82-106196
SURVEY OF A COMMUNITY
This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and
Control, in support of its function to provide technical assist-
ance to communities. The Manual provides a comprehensive and com-
puterized system for assessing the noise problems of a community
and then planning a noise control strategy for its abatement.
This Manual presents the technical instructions and guidelines
needed by municipal authorities to carry out an initial noise sur-
vey. This survey will determine average noise levels and major
noise sources for the community as a whole. It can be used in
planning noise reduction measures to benefit the entire community
or a substantial portion thereof.
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL: ACOUSTICAL 550/9-81-418 *
SURVEY/COMPUTERIZED DATA REDUCTION PROCEDURES
This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and
Control, in support of its function to provide technical assist-
ance to communities. It is one of nine which comprises the Commu-
nity Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehensive
and computerized system for assessing the noise problems of a com-
munity and then planning a noise control strategy for its abate-
ment. This report provides the computerized procedures for run-
ning an acoustical survey for a community as described in the re-
port: "Acoustical Survey for a Community."
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL: STRATEGY 550/9-81-419 PB82-244352
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY NOISE
CONTROL PROGRAM
The purpose of this document is to assist community officials in
planning noise control programs. This manual describes how to use
acoustical and social survey data to choose an optimum noise con-
trol program for a chosen period and budget.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT MANUAL: COMPUTER 550/9-81-420 PB81-243024
PROGRAMS FOR THE STRATEGY GUIDELINES FOR
DEVELOPING A COMMUNITY NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM
This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and
Control, in support of its function to provide technical assist-
ance to communities. It is one of nine which comprises the Com-
munity Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehen-
sive and computerized system for assessing the noise problems of a
community and then planning a noise control strategy for its
abatement.
SIMPLIFIED NOISE CONTROL STRATEGY GUIDE 550/9-81-421 PB81-243016
This report was prepared by EPA, Office of Noise Abatement and
Control, in support of its function to provide technical assist-
ance to communities. It is one of nine which comprises the Com-
munity Noise Assessment Manual. The Manual provides a comprehen-
sive and computerized system for assessing the noise problems of a
community and then planning a noise control strategy for its
abatement. It provides a simplified and manual system for plan-
ning the noise control strategy for abating a community's noise
problems. It assists communities in determining, in an objective
manner, the efficient allocation of funds for reducing the adverse
effects of noise in their community.
MANUAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF FORMAT FOR THE PRE- 550/9-81-422 PB81-243008
SENTATION OF COMMUNITY NOISE ASSESSMENT DATA
The purpose of this report is to provide various presentation
techniques that will ensure effective communication of noise data
to elected officials, administrators, health officials and other
local personnel. The principal users of this manual are the city
officials entrusted with responsibility for noise control admini-
stration.
GUIDELINES FOR CONSIDERING NOISE IN LAND 550/9-81-423 PB82-214124
USE PLANNING & CONTROL
The purpose of this document is to put the various Federal Agency
Land Use policies and guidance packages into perspective. Also
this document does not replace the individual Federal agency
material it can facilitate the consideration of noise in all land
use planning and interagency/intergovernmental coordination
process.
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO.
REPORT TO THE EPA ON THE WORKSHOP FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURES FOR U.S. PARTICIPATION
IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION IN ACOUSTICS
HELD OCT. 22-25, 1.980 AT AIRLIE HOUSE, VA.
ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA REPORT
550/9-81-(S&R)
(Available
from Acous-
tical Society
of America)
EFFECTS OF NOISE ON WILDLIFE AND OTHER ANIMALS
REVIEW OF RESEARCH SINCE 1971
550/9-80-100
PB82-139973
This report represents a survey of the most significant studies
since EPA issued its first report concerning noise effects on
wildlife in 1971. The report has been divided into three main
sections: laboratory animals, domestic animals, and wildlife.
Reports on each species or taxonomic group are presented in four
major categories of noise effects: auditory physiological, mask-
ing, nonauditory physiological, and behavioral.
NOISE, GENERAL STRESS RESPONSE, AND CARDIOVAS- 550/9-80-101
CULAR DISEASE PROCESSES REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT
OF HYPOTHESIZED RELATIONSHIPS
PB82-152141
This report contains a limited survey on the existing scientific
literature pertaining to the cardiovascular effects of high noise
exposure, and places that literature in perspective based on the
available knowledge of general cardiovascular effects of stressful
stimuli. The authors also discuss conceptual obstacles to pro-
gress in cardiovascular disease research, key technical or
measurement system obstacles for research, and findings related to
noise and suggestions for further research.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY PROFILES USERS
MANUAL
550/9-80-102
PB81-242539
This report describes a user oriented computer program that allows
investigation and analysis of daily activity profiles from two
large existing data bases. The user can examine the relationships
between people's primary activities, secondary activities, loca-
tion and activity duration.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
REGULATORY ANALYSIS FOR THE FINAL NOISE 550/9-80-212 PB82-195058
EMISSION REGULATION FOR BUSES
This document presents the technical data and analysis used by EPA
in developing the Proposed Noise Emission Regulation for Buses. .The
information presented includes a detailed discussion of: buses and
the bus industry; baseline noise levels for current buses; the noise
control technology available; the adverse health and welfare impacts
of bus noise and the potential benefits of Federal regulation; the
expected costs and potential economic effects of regulation; the
measurement methodology; the anticipated enforcement procedures; and
existing State, local and foreign noise regulations applicable to
buses. A Federal noise regulation has not been issued for buses;
this document is available for information purposes only.
DOCKET ANALYSIS FOR THE FINAL NOISE EMISSION 550/9-80-213 PB82-194564
REGULATION FOR BUSES'
This document presents all comments received from the public regard-
ing the Proposed Bus Noise Emission Regulation and the Federal gov-
ernment's responses to each comment. The comments include those
received during the 90-day public comment period and testimony
received at two public hearings. The comments and Agency responses
address: health and welfare benefits of the regulation; bus inter-
ior noise; school buses; possible economic effects of the regula-
tion; noise control technology; enforcement of the regulation; test
procedures; Acoustical Assurance Period and Sound Level Degradation
Factor; Transbus; transit malls; and general comments. A Federal
noise regulation has not been issued for buses; this document is
available for information purposes only.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE FINAL 550/9-80-214 PB82-194929
NOISE EMISSION REGULATION FOR BUSES
This document presents an assessment of the expected benefits and
impacts of the Proposed Noise Emission Regulation for Buses. The
information presented includes a description of the bus noise pro-
blem, the statutory basis for the action, a summary of the proposed
regulation, State and local programs complementary to Federal noise
emission standards for buses, the alternatives considered, the
expected benefits of Federal regulation, the potential economic
effects of regulation, public comments on the draft environmental
impact statement, and conclusions. A Federal noise regulation has
not been issued for buses; this document is available for informa-
tion purposes only.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
OFFICIAL DOCKET FOR PROPOSED REVISION TO RAIL 550/9-80-215 PB82-137928
CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATION
This document contains copies of the public comments that were
received after the first official public comment period, which
closed on July 12, 1979 for the April 17, 1979 Proposed Property
Line and Source Specific Standards regulation amendment. Also
contained are those public comments received during a reopened
comment period (January 4, 1980 until April 4, 1980) which fol-
lowed the publication of certain final rail yard noise source
standards on this two-part rulemaking action.
REGULATORY ANALYSIS FOR THE NOISE EMISSION REGU- 550/9-80-217 PB81-180457
LATIONS FOR MOTORCYCLES AND MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST
SYSTEMS
This document presents the technical data and analyses used by
EPA in developing the noise emission regulations for motorcycles
and motorcycle exhaust systems. The information presented
includes a detailed discussion of: the motorcycle and motorcycle
exhaust systems industry; baseline noise levels for current
motorcycles; the noise control technology available; the adverse
health and welfare impacts of motorcycle noise and the potential
benefits of regulation; the expected costs and potential economic
effects of regulation; and the noise measurement methodology.
REGULATORY ANALYSIS APPENDECIES FOR THE NOISE 550/9-80-218 PB81-180465
EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR MOTORCYCLE AND MOTOR-
CYCLES EXHAUST SYSTEMS
This document includes detailed information that supplements Sec-
tions 1 through 8 of the Regulatory Analysis. In addition, it
includes an analysis of State, local, and foreign motorcycle
noise regulations and a summary of the motorcycle national empha-
sis plan.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
DOCKET ANALYSIS FOR THE NOISE EMISSION REGULA- 550/9-80-220 PB81-180473
LATIONS FOR MOTORCYCLE AND MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST
SYSTEMS
This document presents all comments received from the public
regarding the proposed noise emission regulations for motorcycles
and motorcycle exhaust systems and the Federal government's
responses to each comment. The comments include written submis-
sions received during the 90-day public comment period, and testi-
mony received at the three public hearings. The comments and
Agency responses address: health and welfare benefits of the
regulation; economic effects of the regulation; noise control
technology; enforcement of the regulation; test procedures; Acous-
tical Assurance Period and Sound Level Degradation Factor; label-
ing; mopeds; and general comments.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR THE NOISE 550/9-80-221 PB81-180481
EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR MOTORCYCLES AND
MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST SYSTEMS
This document presents an assessment of the expected benefits and
impacts of the final noise emission regulations for motorcycles
and motorcycle exhaust systems. The information presented
includes a description of the motorycycle and motorcycle exhaust
noise problem, the statutory basis for action, a summary of the
regulation, State and local programs complementary to Federal
noise emission standards for motorcycles and motorcycle exhaust
systems, the rationale for regulation, the expected benefits of
the regulation, the potential economic effects of the regulation,
public comments, the draft environmental impact statement, and
conclusions.
A COMPARISON OF SOUND POWER LEVELS FOR PORT- 550/9-80-222 PB81-182438
ABLE AIR COMPRESSORS BASED UPON TEST METHOD-
OLOGIES ADOPTED BY U.S. EPA AND THE CEC
The test results presented in this report are the end product of
bilateral discussions and technical cooperation between the Com-
mission of the European Communities and U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. The discussion and joint comparative testing were
carried out to assess the potential for alignment of"the existing
U.S. and the proposed CEC test procedures for the measurement of
noise from portable air compressors.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
CONSTRUCTION NOISE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY INITIA- 550/9-80-313 PB81-186983
TIVES
This report includes background information on the impact of con-
struction noise, actions that have been carried out by Federalt
State and local governments to control construction equipment and
construction site noise, and a forecast of construction activity
for the period 1980-1985.
FEDERAL AGENCY NOISE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY, RE- 550/9-80-317 PB81-138471
SEARCH DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS
ON INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING, MINING AND CON-
STRUCTION EQUIPMENT DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1980
This report is a compilation of Federally sponsored research pro-
jects in the areas of industrial machinery, mining, and construc-
tion equipment. It includes more than 35 projects conducted by 12
Federal agencies. The types of research involved may be classi-
fied into three categories:
o Performing noise assessments or developing guidelines
o Developing and/or demonstrating noise control for existing
technology
o Developing and/or demonstrating innovative noise technology
designs
CONFERENCE ON GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORT NOISE 550/9-80-320-A PB82-218090
AND LAND USE PLANNING 550/9-80-320-B PB82-218108
550/9-80-320-C PB82-218116
This report constitutes the proceedings of the three-day confer-
ence on general aviation airport noise and land use planning.
Included are advance copies of the speakers' presentations that
were available at the conference, a summary of each of the five
panels, a noise bibliography, and a transcription of all discus-
sions including audience participation.
NOISE AND URBAN PEDESTRIAN AREAS 550/9-80-321 *
•
EL RUIDO UN PROBLEMA PARA LA SALUD (SPANISH 550/9-80-400
VERSION OF NOISE A HEALTH PROBLEM)
A translation of "Noise: A Health Problem," a pamphlet written
for the general public, in layman's language, on the physical,
psychological and emotional hazards of excessive noise on health
and welfare.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
PUBLIC EDUCATION/INFORMATION MANUAL FOR NOISE 550/9-80-401 PB82-235847
This manual is designed to assist with the implementation of a
State and/or local noise control public education and information
program. The purposes of the program are: a) To increase the
awareness and knowledge levels of the general public with respect
to the potentially harmful health effects of excessive noise and
the effects of noise on their quality of life; b) To foster and
promote locally and individually indicated noise control actions;
c) To motivate and generate the support of the general public,
public/private agencies and organizations, groups and associations
for the increased role of State and local governments in noise
control and abatement; and d) To encourage citizens to participate
in the design and implementation of local noise control efforts.
EFFECTS OF AIRPORT NOISE ON A NEIGHBORING 550/9-80-424 (Available
STATE^REPORT TO CONGRESS DOT)
This report is submitted to Congress in response to Section 8 of
the Quiet Communities Act of 1978 (P.L. 95-609) which resulted
from Congressional concern that aircraft noise from some airports
may impact communities located in another state. The study
included three semi-independent programs: (1) Noise Measurement,
(2) Noise Modeling, and (3) Community Response. The noise expo-
sure conditions, and the relative effectiveness of alternative
noise control actions, were investigated for the existing 1980
operations and for projected 1990 and 2000 operations.
NOISE VIOLATIONS: GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR 550/9-80-425 PB82-239658
STATE AND LOCAL PROSECUTORS
»
The purpose of this manual is to provide guidance to prosecutors
who choose to take legal action against violators of State or
local noise regulations; its intent is to assist prosecutors pre-
paring for and conducting a trial—from drafting the complaint to
submitting jury instructions.
GUIDELINES AND SAMPLE TRAINING WORKSHOP FOR 550/9-80-426 PB82-250119
POLICE ENFORCEMENT OF NOISE REGULATIONS
The purpose of this document is to provide material suitable for
use in training State and local police officers to enforce their
noise control laws.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
STATE AND LOCAL NOISE ENFORCEMENT LEGAL 550/9-80-427 PB82-240359
MEMORANDA
The legal memoranda Included in this document address some of the
more prevalent enforcement issues which have arisen in connection
with State and local noise control activities. This collection of
legal memoranda is organized according to the following two dis-
tinct phases of noise control activities: (1) ordinance drafting;
and (2) prosecution.
PROTECTIVE NOISE LEVELS (CONDENSED VERSION OF 550/9-79-100 PB82-138827
"LEVELS DOCUMENT")
This publication is intended to promote understanding of EPA's
findings about levels of environmental noise that protect public
health and welfare. It seeks to clarify the proper use of the
1984 "Levels Document" by interpreting its contents in less tech-
nical terms: The manual deals with measurement descriptors of
environmental noise. Also addressed are the best understood
effects of noise on people (hearing damage, speech interference
and annoyance). Protective levels are summarized.
OCCUPATIONAL HEARING LOSS WORKERS COMPENSATION 550/9-79-101 PB82-138769
AMS UNDER STATE AND FEDERAL PROGRAMS
The purpose of this report is to investigate workers compensation
for permanent noise-induced hearing loss in 50 States and the
federal government. The report examines claims activity, some of
the main compensation rules, their scientific support and claims
procedures. Finally, the Federal Employee Compensation (FEC) pro-
gram for hearing loss is studied.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR PREDICTING 550/9-79-102 PB82-138702
THE LOUDNESS & ACCEPTABILITY OF NOISE, PART II
—EFFECTS OF SPECTRAL & TONAL COMPONENTS
The present report is a continuation of an earlier report by
Scharf, Hellman and Bauer (1977). The objectives are (1) to
determine whether subjective judgments of particular types of
noise, categorized by spectral .shape, are better approximated by
some descriptors (frequency weightings and calculation procedures)
than by others, and (2) to investigate the role of tonal compon-
ents in these studies and to assess the adequacy of several tone-
correction procedures.
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO.
ANNOYANCE, LOUDNESS, AND MEASUREMENT OF RE-
PETITIVE TYPE OF IMPLUSIVE NOISE SOURCES
550/9-79-103
PB82-138702
This study was undertaken to evaluate subjective and objective
aspects of moderate levels of noise from impulsive sources. A
detailed review of the literature on the subjective aspects was
emphasized. The annoyance and loudness from a wide variety of
repetitive impulse noises were evaluated. These results were
applied to the evaluation of impulsive noise from a number of
specific noise sources.
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR PROPOSED REVISION TO
RAIL CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATIONS
550/9-79-207
PB82-137563
RAILYARD NOISE MEASUREMENT DATA APPENDIX B TO 550/9-79-207
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR PROPOSED REVISION TO
RAIL CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATION
PB82-145715
OFFICIAL DOCKET FOR PROPOSED REVISION TO RAIL 550/9-79-208
CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATION, PART I
PB82-137902
OFFICIAL DOCKET FOR PROPOSED REVISION TO RAIL
CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATION, PART II
550/9-79-208
PB82-137910
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR FINAL INTERSTATE RAIL
CARRIER NOISE EMISSION REGULATION: SOURCE
STANDARDS
550/9-79-210
PB82-137571
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR FINAL
INTERSTATE RAIL CARRIER NOISE EMISSION
REGULATION: SOURCE STANDARD
550/9-79-211
PB82-136490
REGULATORY ANALYSIS SUPPORTING THE GENERAL
PROVISIONS FOR PRODUCT NOISE LABELING
550/9-79-255
PB80-106933
REGULATORY ANALYSIS SUPPORTING THE NOISE
LABELING REQUIREMENTS FOR HEARING PROTECTORS
550/9-79-256
PB80-101819
REGULATORY ANALYSIS OF THE NOISE EMISSION
REGULATIONS FOR TRUCKMOUNTED SOLID WASTE
COMPACTORS
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550/9-79-257
PB80-101488
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO.
FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATE-
MENT NOISE EMISSION REGULATIONS FOR TRUCK-
MOUNTED SOLID WASTE COMPACTORS
550/9-79-258
PB80-101777
NOISE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH NEEDS & THE RELATIVE
ROLES OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT & THE PRIVATE
SECTOR
550/9-79-311
FEDERAL LABORATORIES AND RESEARCH FACILITIES
WITH NOISE CAPABILITIES
550/9-79-312
PB80-178163
NOISE EXPOSURE OF CIVIL AIRCARRIER AIRPLANES
THROUGH THE YEAR 2000 VOLS. 1 & 2
550/9-79-313A
550/9-79-313B
PB82-250135
PB82-250143
This report presents results of an estimate of the national expo-
sure to aircarrier aircraft noise through the year 2000. The
forecast was carried out to show the effect of two types of noise
abatement options. The first consisted of modifications to FAR
Part 36 proposed to the Federal Aviation Administration (Notice
76-22) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency which would
establish lower noise limits for newly designed aircraft in the
years 1980 and 1985. The second type consisted of alternative
power cutback procedures (FAA AC 91-39 and two variations of
ALPA/Northwest Airlines procedure) coupled with minor variations
on approach procedures.
NOISE EFFECTS OF CONCORDE OPERATIONS JFK
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (NOVEMBER 1977 THROUGH
NOVEMBER 1978)
550/9-79-316
(NBSIR-
79-1594)
The FAA measured the noise at several communities in the vicinity
of JFK International Airport due to the operations of Concorde and
subsonic aircraft. This report presents the results of an analy-
sis by the EPA of the FAA noise data which leads to interpreta-
tions of the effects of Concorde operations on the public that are
different in significant respect from what might be assumed from a
cursory reading of the FAA reports.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER - PUBLICATION NO.
PROPAGATION OF URBAN CONSTRUCTION SITE NOISE 550/9-79-(S&R) PB82-138280
AL0NG STREET CORRIDORS (NBSIR 79-1594)
An existing urban sound propagation model has been applied to the
specific problem of estimating the propagation of noise from
urban construction sites along street corridors. Discussion sum-
marizes the development of the propagation model and computer
. programs used to estimate sound propagation. The propagation
model has been applied to five different construction site orien-
tations resulting from two city block configurations. For each
of the site orientations, the estimated values of attenuation
versus distance in the streets surrounding individual sites are
presented. Assuming the sound level at the construction site is
known, the procedure to be used to determine sound levels in the
surrounding streets is also provided.
HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY FLORIDA, CASE HISTORY OF 550/9-79-404 PB82-226051
A COUNTY NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM
Development of a county noise program in the southeastern U.S.
Discusses the transition from a nuisance to quantitative ordin-
.ance based on receiving land use, the administration of the new
program, and results.
COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO, CASE HISTORY OF 550/9-79-405 PB82-226069
A COUNTY NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM
Comprehensive study of the development of a municipal noise con-
trol program with particular focus on motor vehicle noise con-
trol. Includes history key program components, and an evaluation
of results.
SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA, CASE HISTORY OF A 550/9-79-406 PB82-226739
MUNICIPAL NOISE CONTROL PROGRAM
The development of a successful municipal noise control program
from initiation by a Task Force and citizen survey through ordin-
ance development and passage to administration and enforcement.
Includes public education methods, legal approaches, the philoso-
phy of enforcement and three case studies illustrating the
city's implementation of noise control.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
THE ABILITY OF MILDLY HEARING IMPAIRED INDI- 550/9-78-100 PB-280480
VIDUALS TO DISCRIMINATE SPEECH IN NOISE
The purpose of the investigation was to explore the relationship
between hearing level at various audiometric frequencies and
speech discrimination in different noise backgrounds. The study
was designed specifically to test the American Academy of Ophthal-
mology and Otolaryngology's (AAOO) selection of a 26-dB average of
500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, as the point above which hearing handicap
occurs. The study attempted to see if there were differences
among individuals whose hearing was at or better than the low
fence, and if so, what factors caused or affected the differences.
The AAOO formula adopted the inclusion of 3000 Hz to assess
hearing handicap as a result of this study.
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN NOISE EFFECTS 550/9-78-101 PB-279383
This volume has been compiled from the results of a survey on for-
eign noise effects research from 1975-77. The survey was conduct-
ed for the second interagency noise effects research panel. In-
cluded in the volume are 211 project descriptions, from twenty-two
countries. Projects are reported under the following subject
areas: noise-induced hearing loss, non-auditory health effects,
psychological and performance effects, noise effects on sleep,
communication interference, community or collective response, ef-
fects of noise on domestic animals and wildlife, noise environment
determination, and noise concomitant with vibration.
FEDERAL NOISE RESEARCH IN NOISE EFFECTS 550/9-78-102 PB280335
The Federal Noise Effects Research Program was documented and re-
viewed in 1977. At that time, the program had expanded slightly
over the previous years, with more agencies participating. The
program was reasonably comprehensive and, in general, coordinated
with no unjustified overlap of efforts. Research needs to support
and justify regulatory and standards requirements were identified
by the Panel as being of the highest priority.
PROCEEDINGS: SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EXHAUST 550/9-78-206 PB82-141425
SYSTEM NOISE SYMPOSIUM, OCTOBER 11-13, 1977
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NT IS
PUBLICATION NO.
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR
PROPOSED REVISION TO RAIL CARRIER NOISE
EMISSION REGULATION
550/9-78-207
PB82-137555
PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF VOLUNTARY
STANDARDS ON ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND IN RESPONSE
TO FEDERAL AGENCY NEEDS
550/9-78-(S&R)
GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF PROCEDURES
FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOUND.SOURCE EMISSION
550/9-78-(S&R)
WHO'S WHO IN FEDERAL NOISE PROGRAMS
550/9-78-300
PB-279520
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN SURFACE
TRANSPORTATION
550/9-78-301
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN MACHINERY/CONSTRUC-
TION EQUIPMENT
550/9-78-302
FOREIGN NOISE RESEARCH IN AVIATION
550/9-78-303
This report provides a broad overview of the international research
effort in aviation noise abatement and control that was completed
or underway during 1976/1977. 116 Research Projects were reported
by 8 countries. Reports included: Identification of Program Spon-
sor, Type of Research, Funding Levels, Program Summary and Refer-
ences. Activities covered ranged from basic research, through
technology development and, systems demonstration programs includ-
ing noise prediction and measurement methodologies.
FEDERAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRA-
TION PROGRAMS IN SURFACE TRANSPORTATION NOISE
550/9-78-305
FEDERAL RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRA- 550/9-78-306
TION PROGRAMS: MACHINERY AND CONSTRUCTION NOISE *
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
FEDERAL RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND DEMONSTRA- 550/9-78-307 *
TION PROGRAMS IN AVIATION NOISE
This report, prepared by the Federal Interagency Aviation Noise
Research Panel is a compilation of the research, technology, and
demonstration (RT&D) activities of Federal agencies and depart-
ments in the area of aviation noise during the period FY 75-78.
The report contains qualitative assessments of these activities as
well as recommendations for future areas of work. Each Agency's
projects are summarized, including levels of funding for each fis-
cal year. In addition, a bibliography of completed research
reports, by Agency, is included. Aviation noise RT&D activities
reported are grouped into two types of programs. The first group
comprises Research and Technology Programs. It encompasses acous-
tic fundamentals and noise generation, suppression, transmission,
and prediction. The second group is that of Demonstration
Programs and Systems Studies. Programs in this group are intended
to explore the actual effectiveness and appropriateness of applied
technology for aircraft noise abatement with realistic hardware.
FEDERAL NOISE RESEARCH EPA SUMMARY AND 550/9-78-308
ASSESSMENT
POTENTIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BARRIERS TOWARDS 550/9-78-309 PB-288109
REDUCING HIGHWAY NOISE EXPOSURE ON A NATIONAL
SCALE
This study contains calculations used to assess the potential
effectiveness of barriers toward reducing noise exposure from the
federal-aid highway system. Noise exposure, in terms of the num-
bers of people exposed to L^ greater than 60, 65, 70 and 75
dB, from the primary federal-aid system was computed for present
traffic flow and projected traffic through the year 2000. Reduc-
tions in noise exposure were computed for several scenarios of
constructing barriers along urban interstate highways. It was
found that significant reduction of noise exposure would require
barriers along most of the urban interstate system. The benefit
(in terms of reduction of exposed population) per mile of barrier
construction was found to be greatest at high noise levels
(Ldn — 75 dB)« I* was concluded that barriers would not pro-
vide a feasible method for abating noise on a national scale.
Their main benefit is to provide relief in extremely noisy local
applications.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
STATUS OF NOISE CONTROL IN U.S.A. 550/9-78
The purpose of this report is to analyze the status of state and
local noise control programs in the U.S. Three elements of the
programs have been investigated and reported. These include:
Public Awareness, Legislative, and Noise Control Implementation.
UNDERSTANDING NOISE AND NOISE CONTROL 500/9-78 (Available
INSTRUCTION UNITS FOR OPERATING ENGINEERS IN GPO)
APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMS
This document is designed to serve as the basis for a self- con-
tained program of instruction addressing noise in the total envi-
ronment of the operating engineer. It is designed to be used as
an independent program of instruction for operating engineer
apprentices, or to be integrated with other components of a com-
plete apprenticeship training program.
MEASURES OF NOISE LEVEL: Their Relative 600/1-77-010 PB-257683
Accuracy in Predicting Objective and
Subjective Response to Noise During Sleep
SPEECH LEVELS IN VARIOUS NOISE ENVIRONMENTS 600/1-77-025 PB-270053
A study to determine average speech levels used by people when
conversing in different levels of background noise. The non- lab-
oratory environments where speech was recorded were: high school
classrooms, homes, hospitals, department stores, trains and com-
mercial aircraft.
BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF 600/1-77-038 PB-271713
VARYING NOISE ENVIRONMENTS
The study used 80 male college students divided into high and low
anxiety groups. Each subject experienced a household noise pro-
file under a quiet (50 dBA), intermittent (84 dBA) and continuous
(84 dBA) noise condition, while performing either an easy or dif-
ficult pursuit tracking task. Heart rate, electrpmyographic
potentials, and tracking error responses were evaluated. Results
indicated significant (P.01) main effects for task difficulty,
noise condition and anxiety level (as measured by the IPAT Self
Analysis Form) of subjects.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
URBAN NOISE SURVEY 550/9-77-100 PB82-148982
The report presents the results of a social survey of over 2,000
respondents at 24 selected urban locations throughout the United
States. A social survey (coupled with an extensive noise measure-
ment program to acoustically describe the urban environment) was
conducted to sample opinion over the entire range of noise expo-
sure and population density characteristic of non rural America.
The objectives of the National Urban Noise Survey were to estab-
lish relationships between noise exposure and human response as a
function of situational and attitudinal variables associated with
the life styles of people residing in urban areas away from high-
ways and airports, as well as to establish the outdoor noise
levels at which noise becomes the salient factor in the generation
of annoyance as a response indicator.
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS OF PREDICTING 550/9-77-101 PB81-243826
THE LOUDNESS & ACCEPTABILITY OF NOISE (PART I)
; This report presents the results of a detailed examination of 23
studies in which listeners judged either the loudness or accepta-
bility of sound. This investigation compares commonly employed
frequency weightings and calculation rating schemes with respect
to their ability to predict the subjective effect of sound. These
studies included data available from both the laboratory and the
field, and encompassed a wide variety of natural and simulated
noise stimuli.
EPA ANALYSIS OF THE AMENDMENT TO DELETE ENGINE 550/9-77-200 PB82-137894
BRAKE DECELERATION TESTING FROM THE MEDIUM AND
HEAVY TRUCK NOISE REGULATION
*
A presentation of the questions posed and an assessment of the
issues related to the consideration of the amendment to delete
deceleration testing from the medium and heavy truck noise regula-
tion (40 CFR 205) is reported. Although noise emissions from
engine brake operation are unique in character, it appears that
noise control using engine exhaust muffling for the vehicle accel-
eration mode also reduces engine brake deceleration sound levels.
Economic impacts of vehicle deceleration testing using engine
brakes appear minimal if engine brakes are installed at the point
of manufacture. The report contains EPA Regulatory Docket No.
ONAC 77-3 exhibiting all comments submitted by interested
parties.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
PROPOSED WHEEL AND CRAWLER TRACTOR NOISE 550/9-77-250 PB82-136979
EMISSION REGULATION. PART I, DRAFT ENVIRON-
MENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT, IMPACT STATEMENT.
PART II, BACKGROUND DOCUMENT
UNIVERSITY NOISE RESEARCH (EPA Noise 550/9-77-300 PB-265114
Seminar, October 18-20, 1976)
The purpose of the seminar was to help EPA and other government
agencies become aware of university noise control sources. Prin-
cipal investigators of active, industrially-related research pro-
grams at universities were invited to present information about
work recently completed (during 1975 or 1976), or in progress, or
planned for 1977; Papers were solicited on research, development
and demonstration projects in all areas of noise control except
aircraft noise. Emphasis was placed on industrially sponsored,
hardware oriented projects.
MANUAL ON INSPECTION OF FEDERAL FACILITIES FOR 550/9-77-350 PB-269298
COMPLIANCE WITH NOISE ABATEMENT STANDARDS
THE TRANSFER FUNCTION OF QUARRY BLAST NOISE 550/9-77-351
AND VIBRATION INTO TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL
STRUCTURES
An experimental program was conducted to determine the transfer
function of quarry blast noise and vibration into typical struc-
tures. Four distinct noise and vibration signals are produced
inside nearby dwellings. It was determined that due to reson-
ances excited within the dwellings, the noise and vibration exci-
tation was greater inside the dwellings that outside.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL 550/9-77-352 PB-276593
NOISE EXPOSURE REGULATIONS
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
AIR INSTALLATIONS COMPATIBLE USE ZONES (AICUZ) 550/9-77-353 PB-271441
The military services within the Department of Defense are cur-
rently working to alleviate the noise problem at their airfields.
Most of these efforts are grouped in a program entitled the Air
Installations Compatible Use Zones (AICUZ). The Noise Control
Act of 1972 designated EPA as the coordinator of Federal noise
programs to ensure that they are consistent and mutually rein-
forcing. EPA believes that one way to facilitate coordination is
to promote an understanding of other agencies programs by pub-
lishing a series of Federal noise program guides. This document
covers some important features of DOD's AICUZ program, its pro-
blems and relationship to other agencies noise programs.
FEDERAL NOISE PROGRAM REPORTS SERIES, 550/9-77-354 PB-271655
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOP-
MENT: NOISE ABATEMENT AND CONTROL POLICY
This report discusses some of the features and problems of the
Department of Housing and Urban Development's Noise Abatement and
Control Policy. Its purpose is to serve as aid to persons con-
cerned with noise abatement and control activities in the Federal
Government.
COMPARISON OF HIGHWAY NOISE PREDICTION MODELS 550/9-77-355 PB-276710
A review and comparison has been conducted of three highway noise
prediction models: NCHRP, TSC, and Wyle. The first two are
those approved by the Federal Highway Administration; the third
was developed for EPA. The elements comprising each model are
analyzed in detail, including basic formulation, vehicle noise
levels, propagation, treatment of various road geometries, and
shielding by barriers. Significant differences among the models
were found. A series of charts is presented whereby differences
among the models may be estimated for particular input data.
Comparison between measured roadside levels and predictions from
the three models are also presented.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
A MANUAL FOR REVIEW OF HIGHWAY NOISE IMPACT 550/9-77-356 PB-276509
A manual has been prepared which presents a procedure for review-
ing noise impact of proposed highway projects. The manual
reviews Federal Highway Administration policy for noise impact,
and includes specific steps for reviewing environmental impact
statements and noise study reports prepared for proposed highway
projects. The noise policy of the Department of Housing and
Urban Development and noise levels identified by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency are also reviewed, so that a complete
assessment of the impact of expected noise may be made. A noise
prediction model, consisting of charts, nomograms, and simple
equations, is presented so as to enable an independent check of
predicted levels presented in an EIS. The noise model (which
includes barriers) is itself suitable for predicting roadside
noise levels.
FEDERAL NOISE PROGRAM REPORT SERIES, DEPART- 550/9-77-357 PB-285940
MENT OF TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL HIGHWAY
ADMINISTRATION: NOISE POLICY AND RELATED
ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES
This document discusses the important features of FHWA's noise
policy and related environmental procedures. It also identifies
associated problems with the policy without attempting to present
an "evaluation." No examination of how the policy actually works
in the field was undertaken. The purpose of the report is to
serve as aid to persons concerned with noise abatement and con-
trol activities in the Federal Government.
A SURVEY OF ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE WITH RESPECT 550/9-77-400 PB82-250176
TO NOISE CONTROL REQUIREMENTS IN BUILDING
AND COSTS IN A NUMBER OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
The report introduces the problem of effective enforcement of
noise control requirement in building codes throughout Europe,
examines in detail two approaches of special interest and finally
proposes a new approach to the endorsement of building code noise
requirements.
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TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
NOISE EMISSION MEASUREMENTS FOR REGULATORY 550/9-77-401 PB-264667
PURPOSES
A review is given of the measurement needs attendant to regulation
of the noise generated and emitted by commercial products. The
report is divided into three major parts. Part I is a discussion
of overall measurement requirements. Part II is designed as a
checklist for the evaluation of the suitability of a noise
measurement standard for a particular class of products. Part III
consists of a series of flow charts depicting the development of
appropriate procedures for the measurement of product noise
emission.
CALCULATIONS OF DAY/NIGHT LDN RESULTING FROM 550/9-77-450 PB-266165
CIVIL AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AND ADDENDUM
A method is described for calculating values of Day/Night Levels
(Ldn) at a point due to aircraft operations from civil air-
ports. The procedure is to determine distances between the point
in question on the ground and the aircraft flight tracks and run-
way. A series of charts give Ldn values for different types
of aircraft in terms of these distance parameters. This method is
not suitable for generating noise contours (lines of equal Ldn
value) although a method is described for estimating area and size
of any given contour.
GUIDELINES FOR PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 550/9-77 AD A044-384
STATEMENTS ON NOISE (Office Naval
Research)
TOWARDS A NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR NOISE CONTROL 550/9-77 GPO
AND ADDENDUM
This document was developed to continue the dialogue on the over-
all goals of the noise program, the role of government, the role
of consumers, and the role of industry in noise control, along
with the selection of specific abatement and enforcement activi-
ties for EPA. It establishes a general framework for making deci-
sions on the best strategy that EPA can employ to combat noise
pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE ASSESSMENT, MOUNTAIN 906/9-77 PB-271537
VIEW, GEORGIA
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
MODEL COMMUNITY NOISE CONTROL ORDINANCE 550/9-76-003 PB-262005
The Model Community Noise Control Ordinance is intended to be a
basic tool which communities, both large and small, can use to
construct noise control ordinances suited to local needs and
conditions.
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR PORTABLE AIR 550/9-76-004 PB-250430
COMPRESSORS
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR RAILROAD NOISE 550/9-76-005 PB-251713
This document contains the technical, economic, health and welfare
analysis and other pertinent data and information utilized by the
Environmental Protection Agency in the development of the final
Interstate Rail Carrier Noise Emission Regulation.
STATE AND MUNICIPAL NOISE CONTROL ACTIVITIES 550/9-76-006 PB-251999
1973-1974
This report presents an assessment of the environmental noise
effort and noise control needs in the 50 states and 235 incorpor-
ated municipalities with populations greater than 75,000. The
document has been used by EPA as a guide for developing its tech-
nical assistance program.
SOME CONSIDERATIONS IN CHOOSING AN OCCUPA- 550/9-76-007 PB-251408
TIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE REGULATION
Some issues in conflict regarding the proposed OSHA standards for
occupational exposure to noise are examined. These include mate-
rial impairment, the extent of possible hearing loss, non-auditory
effects, and the nature of social and economic costs and benefits
of regulation at 85 dBA and 90 dBA exposure limits. A preliminary
analysis of the methodology and difficulties in arriving at cost-
benefit estimates is included. Regulatory alternatives such as
new plant standards, industry-specific standards, variance and
abatement agreements, administrative controls, and personal pro-
tective equipment are explored.
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT FOR MEDIUM AND HEAVY 550/9-76-008 PB262007
TRUCK NOISE EMISSION REGULATIONS
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
REASSESSMENT OF NOISE CONCERNS OF OTHER 550/9-76-011 PB-259923
NATIONS, VOLUME I
REASSESSMENT OF NOISE CONCERNS OF OTHER 550/9-76-012 PB-259924
NATIONS, VOLUME II
NOISE STANDARDS FOR AIRCRAFT TYPE CERTIFI- 550/9-76-013 PB-262401
CATION (Modification to FAR Part 36)
This document presents and discusses the background data used by
the Agency in the development of proposed noise control regula-
tions for promulgation by the FAA in conformance with the Noise
Control Act of 1972. The proposed regulations pertain to control
of airplane noise at the source and would amend the existing
Federal Aviation Regulations PART 36 (FAR 36).
INFLATIONARY IMPACT STATEMENT FOR PORTABLE *
AIR COMPRESSOR REGULATION
This document summarizes the effects on costs incurred by the pub-
lic and private sectors as a result of the Noise Emission Regula-
tions for Portable Air Compressors. Included are economic impact
estimates, impacts on inflation, environmental improvements,
alternatives considered, and impact on materials.
ABOUT SOUND 550/9-76
This booklet contains, in layman language, fundamentals of acous-
tics and noise. A bibliography is provided as well as a glossary
for more detailed technical information on specific aspects of
this subject.
U.S. EPA NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING ON 550/9-76 (Available
SPECIAL LOCAL DETERMINATIONS PROCEDURES FOR from 41 Fed-
INTERSTATE RAILROAD NOISE EMISSIONS STANDARDS era! Register
AND INTERSTATE MOTOR CARRIER NOISE EMISSION #52317 and
STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR STATE AND LOCAL #52320)
GOVERNMENTS ON THE FILING AND PROCESSING OF
APPLICATIONS FOR PREEMPTION WAIVER
DETERMINATIONS
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
MEDIUM AND HEAVY TRUCKS NOISE EMISSION 550/9-76 *
STANDARDS
On March 31, 1976, the EPA Issued a regulation governing noise
emissions from newly manufactured medium and heavy trucks. That
regulation was issued under Section 6 of the Noise Control Act of
1972. This document presents and discusses the background data
used by the Agency in setting the standards contained in the regu-
lation. Presented is a comprehensive discussion of the informa-
tion available in March 1976 on the environmental, testing, tech-
nological, and economic aspects of medium and heavy truck noise
control.
FEDERAL NOISE EFFECTS RESEARCH, FY 73-FY 75 600/1-75-001 PB241751
Potential effects of noise on the public health and welfare are
described, limitations and gaps in necessary knowledge of those
effects are identified as research needs, and eight categories for
analyzing noise effects research are presented. The Federal
research programs were summarized for each of the eight health
effects categories. The Noise Effects Research Panel through its
collective knowledge of the needs and the current research identi-
fied specific research areas which needed additional emphasis in
order to provide accurate and thorough information on effects of
noise. The Panel concluded that the then current programs need
continued and in some instances expanded support in order to pro-
vide necessary information on the effects of noise.
NOISE SOURCE REGULATIONS IN STATE AND LOCAL 550/9-75-020 PB-245158
NOISE ORDINANCES
This document updates NTID 73.1, dated March 1, 1973. It provides
a summary of state and local noise laws in existance in the U.S.
up thru December 1974.
GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPING A TRAINING PROGRAM 550/9-75-021 AD-A016677
IN NOISE SURVEY TECHNIQUES
;*
INFORMATION ON FAA CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT 550/9-75-022 PB-242583
A literature search and study has been made on the following; with
special reference to transport category aircrafts: (1) Certifica-
tion process; (2) Specific types and models certificated since
1969; (3) Recent annual production statistics or estimates.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
FIRST REPORT ON STATUS AND PROGRESS OF NOISE 550/9-75-023 PB-243447
RESEARCH AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT. VOLUME I, REPORT IN STATUS AND
PROGRESS
FIRST REPORT ON STATUS AND PROGRESS OF NOISE 550/9-75-023 PB-243448
RESEARCH AND CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT. VOLUME II, RESEARCH PANEL REPORTS
NATIONAL MEASURE OF AIRCRAFT NOISE IMPACT 550/9-75-024 PB-243522
THROUGH THE YEAR 2000
This program was undertaken for the Office of Noise Abatement and
Control, Environmental Protection Agency, to evaluate the nation-
wide community impact of aircraft noise through the year 2000,
considering a number of aircraft/airport noise reduction alterna-
tives. The study was based on the evaluation of operations at
three airports - Los Angeles International, St. Louis, and Wash-
ington Dulles.
PASSENGER NOISE ENVIRONMENTS OF ENCLOSED 550/9-75-025 PB-2455409
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, JUNE 1975
RAILROAD NOISE EMISSION STANDARD. BACKGROUND 550/9-76-005 PB-251717
DOCUMENT
This document contains the technical, economic, health and welfare
analyses and other pertinent data and information utilized by the
Environmental Protection Agency in the development of the Inter-
state Rail Carrier Noise Emission Regulation.
NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING ON TWO-SEGMENT 550/9-75 DOT
ILS NOISE ABATEMENT APPROACH FOR TURBO-JET
ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANES (EPA/DOT)
In accordance with a recommendation by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion is considering an amendment to Section 91.87 of the Federal
Aviation Regulations which would provide noise relief to communi-
ties in the vicinity of airports by prescribing a two-segment
Instrument Landing System (ILS) approach for civil turbojet
engine-powered airplanes.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING ON REDUCED FLAP 550/9-75 DOT
SETTING NOISE ABATEMENT APPROACH FOR TURBO-JET
ENGINE-POWERED AIRPLANES (EPA/DOT)
In accordance with a recommendation by the Administrator of the
Environmental Protection Agency, the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion is considering an amendment to Section 91.85 of the Federal
Aviation regulations which would provide noise relief to communi-
ties in the vicinity of airports by prescribing reduced flap set-
ting procedures for civil turbojet powered airplanes.
AIRCRAFT NOISE CERTIFICATION RULE FOR 550/9-75 *
SUPERSONIC CIVIL AIRCRAFT
This report presents the supporting data for a proposed noise cer-
tification rule for supersonic civil aircraft. The background
information presented shows that supersonic transports are inher-
ently noisier than subsonic jet transports. It is concluded that
current designs of SST aircraft cannot comply with FAR 36 but that
future designs can at least meet those requirements. In view of
these conclusions as well as the other factors discussed, five of
the various regulatory options are recommended for further consid-
eration for the development of one or more rules.
INFORMATION ON FAA CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT 550/9-75 PB-242583
Under Section 7 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (Public Law
92-574), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized
to propose to the Federal Aviation Administration aircraft noise
regulations. This study provides an overview of aircraft type
certification regulations (e.g., original type, supplemental, air-
worthiness, etc.) through which aviation noise regulations are or
could be implemented.
CONTROL OF MOTORCYCLE NOISE, TECHNOLOGY AND 550/9-74-001A PB-257727
COST INFORMATION, VOLUME I
The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the noise levels of
current (1973) model motorcycles, (2) evaluate available motor-
cycle noise reduction technology to determine noise reductions
feasible for future new machines, and finally (3) to estimate the
increases in manufacturing cost required to achieve these noise
reductions.
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO,
CONTROL OF SNOWMOBILE NOISE.
NOLOGY AND COST INFORMATION
VOLUME I, TECH- 550/9-74-003A PB-257680
This document contains information useful for the development of
noise emission standards for snowmobiles. Topics covered include
information on snowmobile construction, noise characteristics of
models currently on the market, and noise reduction techniques and
costs necessary to achieve specified noise levels.
INFORMATION OF LEVELS OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE
REQUISITE TO PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
WITH AN ADEQUATE MARGIN OF SAFETY
550/9-74-004
PB-239429
This document identifies noise levels consistent with the protec-
tion of public health and welfare against hearing loss annoyance,
and activity interference as mandated by the Noise Control Act of
1972.
DESIGN OF A LOW COST SOUND LEVEL METER
550/9-74-008
AB-783808
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF THE UNITED STATES AS 550/9-74-009A PB-235002
A FUNCTION OF OUTDOOR NOISE LEVEL (2 VOLUMES) 550/9-74-009B PB-257617
This report summarizes the planning, conduct and results of a
noise survey in 100 sites in urban areas across the United States
and the use of these results coupled with other existing data, to
provide an estimate of the outdoor noise levels experienced in
residential areas by the United States population. It concludes
that there are more than 90 million people living in areas in
excess of 55 L^n and 1.3 million in areas in excess of 75
Ldn. The summary is contained in Volume I. Volume II
contains data from each site.
LAWN MOWERS: NOISE AND COST OF ABATEMENT
550/9-74-011
PB-234932
This document contains information useful for the development of
noise emission standards for lawn mowers. Topics covered include
information on lawn mower construction, noise characteristics of
models currently on the market, and noise reduction techniques and
costs necessary to achieve specified noise levels.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
NOISE IN RAIL TRANSIT CARS INCREMENTAL COSTS 550/9-74-012 PB-234992
OF QUIETER CARS
The U.S. rail rapid transit systems, car operations, and the car
building industry are described in relation to the procurement of
quieter cars. The noise environment of passengers in rapid tran-
sit cars is discussed and the major noise sources and paths of
noise transmission into cars are delineated. For essentially all
combinations of car noise-control modifications deemed technically
and economically feasible for implementation in new vehicles,
estimates are presented of the associated noise reductions, ini-
tial costs, and operating costs. It is concluded that significant
reductions in in-car noise under typical operating conditions can
be achieved at incremental costs that are small percentages of the
total car costs.
NOISE MEASUREMENTS OF CONCORDE 02 APPROACH 550/9-74-013 PB-245156
AND TAKEOFF AT DALLAS, FT. WORTH AND DULLES
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS
The numerous data points measured at Dallas-Ft. Worth and Dulles
International Airports and plotted as a function of level versus
distance show a scatter sometimes exceeding +5EPNdB. Direct com-
parisons of Concorde and 707 approach nofse were possible at
Dulles. These few measurements indicate the Concorde noise levels
relative to the 707 levels to be less, in general, at 2.6 n.mi.
and greater at 3.6 n.mi. from threshold. It would appear that
when measured data are compared with the theoretical curves there
is no reason to believe that the noise levels measured under FAR
36 or Annex 16 conditions, claimed by the Concorde developers will
not be achievable.
BACKGROUND DOCUMENT TO PROPOSED INTERSTATE 550/9-74-017 PB-242554
MOTOR CARRIER REGULATIONS
This document presents and discusses the background data used by
the agency in setting the standards issued in the Interstate Motor
Carrier Noise Emission Regulations. Presented is a comprehensive
discussion of the information available in October 1974 on the
environmental, testing, technological, and economic aspects of
interstate motor carrier noise control.
CIVIL AVIATION STUDIES AND INTERAGENCY COOR- 550/9-74-019A PB-239344
DINATING ORGANIZATION, VOLUME I
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
CIVIL AVIATION STUDIES AND INTERA6ENCY COOR- 550/9-74-019B PB-239345
DINATING ORGANIZATIONS, VOLUME II APPENDICES
A LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF THE NOISE CONTROL 550/9-74 GPO
ACT OF 1972 Cong. Comm. Public Works (GPO
35-280)
NOISE FACTS DIGEST 550/9-74 PB-228345
CIVIL SUBSONIC TURBOJET ENGINE-POWERED AIR- 550/9-74 FAA
PLANES (RETROFIT AND FLEET NOISE LEVEL)
The FAA has been concerned with the noise levels of turbojet
(axial flow jet and axiam flow fan) powered airplanes that do not
comply with FAR 36 since its promulgation in 1969. Two ANPRMs and
one NPRM related to retrofitting operational airplanes to meet the
noise levels specified in FAR 36 have been published for public
comment. This report examines these three proposed actions in
detail and recommends two regulations based upon their best fea-
tures. The first regulation would be a straight retrofit rule.
The second regulation would be a Fleet Noise Level (FNL) rule.
The Analysis Section discusses technology options for source noise
control including Quiet Nacelles, Refan, and miscellaneous other
methods applicable now and in the future to all civil subsonic
turbojet engine-powered airplanes. Included in the analysis are
estimates of the noise levels and the unit and investment costs
for the various retrofit options available to the large transport
airplanes and to the smaller business jet airplanes as well. Also
included in the Analysis, are. discussions of the concepts of Fleet
Noise Level (FNL), Day-Night Level (Ldn), and Noise Exposure
Forecast (NEF) with numerical examples, which illustrate the
pertinent relationships.
SOVIET NOISE RESEARCH LITERATURE FROM THE 550/9-74 PB-235086
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HYGIENE,
MOSCOW, USSR
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
A SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR LIMITING NOISE EXPO- 550/9-73-001A AD-767274
SURE HEARING CONSERVATION
A compilation of data is provided, with references to published
work, which represents the present state of knowledge concerning
the effects of continuous and impulsive noise on hearing. The
danger to the ear of both occupational and non-occupational human
exposure to noise is considered. Data are included or cited which
enable quantitative predictions to be made of the risk to hearing
in the American population due to noise exposure in any working or
living context. Recommendations are made concerning the need to
obtain more definitive data.
PREDICTION OF NIPTS DUE TO CONTINUOUS NOISE 550/9-73-001B AD-767205
EXPOSURE
In support of the main document, "A Basis of Limiting Noise Expo-
sure for Hearing Conservation", EPA Report 550/9-73-001A, this
report compares the relationship of noise exposure of Noise
Induced Permanent Threshold Shift (NIPTS) as predicted by the cur-
rently available works of Passchier-Vermeer, Robinson, Baughn and
Kryter, and the yet unpublished work of the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health. The works of Passchier-Vermeer,
Robinson, and Baughn are selected since these are the only works
that completely predict the relationship between NIPTS and noise
exposure for various audiometric frequencies, sound pressure
levels and population percent!les.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE CRITERIA FOR NOISE 550/9-73-002 PB-241000
The Noise Control Act of 1972 requires that the Administrator of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) develop and publish cri-
teria with respect to noise. These criteria were to "reflect the
scientific knowledge most useful in indicating the kind and extent
of all identifiable effects of noise on the public health and wel-
fare which may be expected from differing quantities and qualities
of noise. This criteria document, therefore, served as a basis
for the estabishment of the recommended environmental noise level
goals to be related to the "Levels Document" called for the Sec-
tion 5(a)(2) of the Noise Control Act (refer to EPA Report
550/9-74-004).
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON 550/9-73-008 PB-241060
NOISE AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM DUBROVNIK,
YUGOSLAVIA
This report contains all of the papers presented at this confer-
ence which covered all areas of the health effects of noise
including masking effects, noise induced hearing loss, nonauditory
effects, performance, and behavior and community response, and
sleep disturbance.
NOISE SOURCE REGULATION IN STATE AND LOCAL 550/9-NTID-73.1 PB-245158
NOISE ORDINANCES
This report provides a summary of noise source regulations encom-
passed in state laws and local ordinances prior to 1973. Data has
been extracted from only those laws and ordinances stipulating
specific decibel limits.
LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF AIRCRAFT 550/9-NTID-73.2 PB-225149
AND AIRPORT NOISE AND APPORTIONMENT OF AUTHOR-
ITY BETWEEN FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The existing legal/institutional structure is described as it
relates to the exposure of people to the noise of aircraft. Cri-
teria for the evaluation of legal/institutional arrangements,
whether existing or proposed, are then developed. Using these
criteria, an evaluation of the existing legal/institutional system
is provided in order to illuminate the major constraints and pro-
blem areas which exist. Potential alternatives are proposed and
discussed as to their relative merits. Finally, recommendations
are presented. Appended to this report are a list of the members
of the task group (Appendix A), the formal recommendations submit-
ted by member organizations (Appendix B), a list of the master
file documents collected by the task group efforts (Appendix C),
and related reports generated by the task force effort (Appendix
D), including both the reports of other task groups and reports
resulting from contracted studies.
IMPACT CHARACTERIZATION OF NOISE INCLUDING NTID-73.4 PB-224408
IMPLICATIONS OF IDENTIFYING AND ACHIEVING
LEVELS OF CUMULATIVE NOISE EXPOSURE
This report documents the work of an EPA task group on the study
of implications of identifying and achieving levels of cumulative
noise exposure around airports as mandated by Section 7 of the
Noise Control Act of 1972.
-55-
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF PRESENT AND PLANNED FAA NTID-73.6 PB-224405
NOISE REGULATORY ACTIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
REGARDING AIRCRAFT AND AIRPORT OPERATIONS
MILITARY AIRCRAFT AND AIRPORT NOISE AND OPPOR- NTID-73.7 PB-223637
TUNITIES FOR REDUCTION WITHOUT INHIBITION OF
MILITARY MISSIONS
RELATION BETWEEN DAILY NOISE EXPOSURE AND HEAR- 73 AD-767204
ING LOSS BASED ON THE EVALUATION OF 6,835 INDUS-
TRIAL NOISE EXPOSURE CASES. (AMRL-TR-73-53)
This study was designed to display the percent of a population
exhibiting greater than certain specified audiometric hearing
levels as a function of specified exposure levels and duration of
exposures to those levels. Audiometric data from 6,835 employees
of an industrial plant were taken during the period from 1960
through 1965. The employees were selected only on the criterion
that their noise exposures were reasonably well known. Hearing
levels for each of three exposure conditions (78, 86, and 92 dBA)
were obtained for the speech (0.5, 1, and 2 kHz) and the 4kHz
audiometric frequencies. The data and hearing risk tables are
presented.
REPORT ON AIRCRAFT-AIRPORT NOISE 550/9-73 PB-256388
The Agency has conducted, for the Congress, a technological
reassessment of the areas of concern stated in Section 7(a) of the
Noise Control Act of 1972. This report provides a summary of the
principal findings of the study and of the plans for regulatory
proposals to satisfy the further continuing requirements of the
Act, not only with reference to Section 7 but as they relate to
the larger responsibilities of dealing with the problems of avia-
tion and airport noise in accordance with other authorities of the
Act.
REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS ON NOISE, 550/9-72
FEBRUARY 1972
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TITLE
EPA NUMBER
NTIS
PUBLICATION NO,
COMMUNITY NOISE
NTID-300.3
PB207124
This 1971 report presented a basic physical and statistical
description of the overall noise problem associated with outdoor
noise in the community. Basic measures of noise and the way they
vary over 24 hours are presented. Twenty four hour noise surveys
were conducted at 18 locations ranging from wilderness to a down-
town city. Annoyance and community reaction to noise were
recorded. Correlation between physical measures of an intruding
noise related factor and community reaction.
LAWS AND REGULATORY SCHEMES FOR NOISE ABATEMENT NTID-300.4
PB-206719
EFFECTS OF NOISE ON WILDLIFE AND OTHER ANIMALS NTID-300.5
PB-206720
This report contained EPA's first review of the literature on
wildlife. (See updated report: EPA 550/9-80-100)
AN ASSESSMENT OF NOISE CONCERNS IN OTHER
NATIONS, VOLUME I
VOLUME II
NTID-300.6
PB-206721
PB-206722
EFFECTS OF NOISE ON PEOPLE
NTID-300.7
PB-208659
This report summarizes the auditory effects and general psycholog-
ical and sociological effects of noise based on noise effects
research through 1970.
STATE AND MUNICIPAL NON-OCCUPATIONAL NOISE
PROGRAMS
NTID-300.8
PB-208659
NOISE PROGRAMS OF PROFESSIONAL/INDUSTRIAL
ORGANIZATIONS, UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
NTID-300.9
PB-207125
SUMMARY OF NOISE PROGRAMS IN THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT
NTID-300.10
SOCIAL IMPACT OF NOISE
NTID-300.11
PB-206724
This report describes kinds of problems encountered by a person
with a hearing loss. Issues such as the sensor of isolation,
diminished interest in participation in conversation, and emo-
tional depression are described.
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NTIS
TITLE EPA NUMBER PUBLICATION NO,
EFFECTS OF SONIC BOOM AND SIMILAR IMPULSIVE NTID-300.12 PB-206725
NOISE ON STRUCTURES
A brief discussion is given of the physical nature of sonic booms,
and other impulsive noises, and the parameters, such as over-
pressure, duration, and mechanical impulse, which are used to
characterize booms. This is followed by an overview of the
response of structures--particularly buildings—to sonic booms and
a review of the damage history observed due to supersonic over-
flights. The report concludes with a summary of the observed
effects of impulsive noise on terrain and natural structures.
TRANSPORTATION NOISE AND NOISE FROM EQUIPMENT NTID-300.13 PB-208660
POWERED BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NOISE NTID-300.14 PB-206726
A study was undertaken to survey the economic impact of noise.
Data available on the entire subject of noise and its abatement
were so rudimentary that they do not lend themselves to even the
most primitive economic analysis. It was demonstrated that the
number of sources of noise in homes, in industry, on the high-
ways, and in the air is growing at a dramatic rate. These noise
sources are heterogeneous and transient, and, therefore, a uni-
versal solution for abatement of noise at the source was not
available. From the economic viewpoint, it was demonstrated
that substantial costs were associated with noise and its
abatement.
FUNDAMENTALS OF NOISE MEASUREMENT, RATING NTID-300.15 PB-206727
SCHEMES AND STANDARDS
This report can serve as an introduction to noise, including the
inter-relationship between physical measures and psychological
responses. The basic principles of sound generation and propa-
gation are discussed as well as the measurement of both the phy-
sical attributes of noise and the effects of noise on people.
The suitability and effectiveness of various noise exposure rat-
ing schemes, used to estimate or predict the effects of noise on
man, are discussed and critiqued.
REPORT TO PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS ON NOISE PB-206716
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