1 REPORT DOCUMENTATION »• "P*"1 •»• «• / I
— • "PA6E A/TXS yy/7/20
4l TIMe and Subtitle
CADMIUM - POSITION DOCUME3S1T 2/3
7. AuthorW
EPA, OPP, REGISTRATION DIVISION
•* FkfiriVBiTnBBTfeaV' ft< • •mlratiflfi NMITM mtt JmrffMcc
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFIQ?: OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
SAME AS #9 .


S. Report Date
October 1977
«.
•. Pwformlnc Organlxatlon Rept. No:
540/09-90-109
10. Profact/TackAVorfc Unit No.
11. Contract(O or GrarrKG) No.
(0
(G)
13. Type of Report It Period Covered
14.
 IS. Supplement*ry Notes
 16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)

         This Position Document addresses the risks and benefits of pesticide products
    containing the subject active  ingredient.   The Agency has determined that the use
    of products containing the subject active ingredient may meet  or exceed a risk
    criterion described  in 40 CFR  Part 154.   Potential  hazards will be examined
    further to determine the nature and extent of the risk, and considering the
    benefits  of the subject active ingredient,  whether  such risks  cause unreasonable
    adverse effects on the environment.
 17. Document Analysis  a. Descriptors

    PESTICIDES,  STANDARDS,  REGULATIONS,  MANUFACTURING, CHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY,
    RESIDUES, ECOLOGY, PATH OF POLLUTANTS
   b- Mentlfiers/Open-Ended Terms
   c. COSATI Field/Group
| !•. Availability Statement

   PUBLICLY AVAILABLE
IS. Security Class (This Report)
  UNCLASSIFIED-
                                                          20. Security Class (This Pace)
                                                            UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
      10
                                                                                    22. Price
(See ANSI-Z39.U)
                                         See Instructions on Reverse
                         OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
                         (Formerly NTIS-35)
                         Department of Commerce

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                                         540/09-90-109
                                   Cadmium Position Document 2/3


6560-50

               ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

          OFFICE OF PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES

                        [OPP-30000/20C]

 NOTICE OF PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION TO CANCEL REGISTRATIONS
 AND DENY APPLICATIONS FOR ALL PESTICIDE PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN
    CADMIUM COMPOUNDS; NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL
    SUPPORT DOCUMENT AND DRAFT NOTICE OF INTENT TO CANCEL


AGENCY:  Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION:  Notice of Preliminary Determination; Notice of

Availability.

SUMMARY:  This Notice announces EPA's preliminary determination

to cancel registrations and to deny applications for all

pesticide products that contain cadmium compounds (salts of

chloride, sebacate, succinate, carbonate, and anilinocadmium

dilactate) as active ingredients and that are for use on

turf sites.  The proposed action is based on the Agency's

determination that the use of cadmium fungicides will result

in unreasonable adverse effects to applicators of the products

for these uses.  This Notice further informs the public of

the availability of a draft Notice of Intent to Cancel and

documents in support of this action.

DATE:  Comments from the public on this notice must be

received on or before (insert date 45 days from publication

in the FEDERAL REGISTER).



86P-997

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                             -2-





ADDRESS:  Three copies of written comments, identified by the



docket number  [OPP-30000/20C] should be sent to:  By mail:



     Information Services Section,



     Program Management and Support Division (TS-757C),



     Office of Pesticide Programs,



     Environmental Protection Agency,



     401 M St., SW.,



     Washington, D.C.  20460.



     In person, bring comments to:



     Rm. 236, CMI2,



     1921 Jefferson Davis Highway,



     Arlington, VA.



FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:  By mail:



     Valerie M. Bael,



    - Reg -irs-tra-t-i-on ^iv-i-sicm X-T-S-7-67C-),



     Office of Pesticide Programs,



     Environmental Protection Agency,



     401 M St. SW.,



     Washington, D.C.  20460



     Office location and telephone number:



     Rm. 1006, CMI2,



     1921 Jefferson Davis Highway,



     Arlington, VA,



     (703-557-2314).

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                             -3-



SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:



                   I.  COMMENTS AND DOCKET



     The Agency has established a public docket for the



Cadmium Special Review.  The docket will contain all public



comments as well as other relevant Agency documents pertaining



to the Special Review.  For a complete list of the categories



of documents which are placed in a Special Review docket,



see 40 CFR 154.15.



     All interested persons may submit comments, regarding the



risks and benefits associated with the use of cadmium



pesticides and the Agency's proposed decision, to the address



given above.



     On a monthly basis, the Agency will distribute a



compendium of indices for newly received comments and documents



that have been placed in the public docket for this Special



Review.  This compendium will be distributed by mail to



those members of the public who have specifically requested



such material for this Special Review.



     Information submitted in any comment or response



concerning this Notice may be claimed confidential by



marking any part or all of that information as Confidential



Business Information (CBI).  Information so marked will not



be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth



in 40 CFR Part 2.  To assert a claim of confidentiality for



all or any part of a written submission concerning a Special

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                             -4-



Review, the submitter must furnish three copies of the material'. I'. [••



Two complete copies must be submitted, with claimed CBI clearly



marked in the text.  Items in the document that are claimed



confidential should be numbered consecutively throughout the



text.  The third copy must have the claimed CBI excised from



the text without closing up or paraphrasing the remaining text.



The deletions should be consecutively numbered to correspond



to numbering of the complete copies.  Each copy must be



marked on the cover as to whether it contains claimed CBI.



Information not marked confidential may be made available



through the docket or otherwise disclosed publicly by EPA



without prior notice to the submitter.



     The docket and index will be available for inspection



and copying from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday,



except legal holidays, at the following location:



     Program Management and Support Division,



     Rm. 236, CMI2,



     1921 Jefferson Davis Highway,



     Arlington, VA.





                      II.  INTRODUCTION



     The Agency issued a notice commencing a Special Review of



cadmium pesticides, as published  in the FEDERAL REGISTER of



October 26, 1977 (42 FR 56524).   The Special Review was



based on the determination that the use of cadmium pesticide



products exceeded risk criteria relating to oncogenicity,



mutagenicity, teratogenicity and  fetotoxicity.  Following

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                             -5-



review of public comments and available data, the Agency



determined that the risk concerns for oncogenicity remained/



and risk concerns for other acute and chronic effects (kidney



effects) have been added.  Risk concerns for mutagenicity,



teratogenicity, and fetotoxicity no longer remain.  The



Agency also concluded that the use of cadmium fungicide



would result in unreasonable adverse effects on applicators



of the products to turf.  Therefore, the Agency proposes in



this Notice to deny applications and cancel registrations of



cadmium pesticide products for this use.





          III.  STATUTORY AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND



                       A.  THE STATUTE



     A pesticide product may be sold or distributed in the



United States only if it is registered or exempt from



registration under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and



Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) as amended (7 U.S.C. 1136 et seg.).



Before a product can be registered, it must be shown that



it can be used without "unreasonable adverse effects on



the environment" (FIFRA section 3(c)(5)), that is, without



causing "any unreasonable risk to man or the environment,



taking into account the economic, social, and environmental



costs and benefits of the use of the pesticide" (FIFRA



section 2(bb)).  The burden of proving that a pesticide



meets this standard for registration is, at all times, on



the proponent of initial or continued registration.  If at

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                             -6-
any time the Agency determines that a pesticide no longer :
meets this standard for registration, then the Administrator
may cancel the registration under section 6 of FIFRA.

                B.  THE SPECIAL REVIEW PROCESS
     The Special Review process, formerly called the Rebuttable
Presumption Against Registration (RPAR), is a mechanism by
which the Agency collects information on the risks and benefits
associated with the uses of pesticides to determine whether
any use causes unreasonable adverse effects on the environment.
The Special Review process is governed by 40 CFR Part 154.
     Through the Special Review process the Agency (1) announces
and describes its risk concerns regarding pesticidal use based
on certain risk criteria; (2) establishes a public docket;
(3) solicits comments from the public, and under certain
circumstances, from the "Secretary of~Agriculture -and "the
Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) regarding the Agency's analysis
and proposed regulatory decisions; (4) reviews and responds
to all significant comments timely submitted; and (5) makes
a final regulatory decision based on a balancing of risks
and benefits associated with a pesticide's use.
           IV.  PRELIMINARY DETERMINATION TO CANCEL
     The Agency, by issuing this Notice of Preliminary
Determination, is proposing to cancel registrations and deny
applications for registration for all pesticide products
that contain cadmium compounds  (salts of chloride, sebacate.

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                             -7-



succinate, carbonate and anilinocadmium dilactate)  as active



ingredients and that are for use on turf sites.  This



action is based on the Agency's determination that the use



of cadmium fungicides will result in significant risks to



applicators of the products for this use.  The Agency has



has also determined that the risk associated with this use



is not outweighed by its relatively minor benefits as



discussed in detail by the Agency in the Technical Support



Document.



     The Agency evaluated laboratory animal and human epide-



miological studies for cadmium's potential to cause toxic



effects.  Both types of studies indicate that cadmium compounds



are oncogenic and can cause kidney effects.  The Agency also



evaluated applicator exposure studies.  In comparing the results



of the toxicological studies with the estimated applicator



exposures, the Agency concluded that there is up to a 10"^



lifetime risk of oncogenicity to certain applicators and a



very close association between applicator exposure levels and



kidney effect levels.



     Data from a chronic rat inhalation study using cadmium



chloride aerosol, and from an epiaemiological study of factory



workers who were chronically exposed to cadmium oxide and dust,



suggest statistically significant, dose-related increases of



lung tumors.  Based on these and results of other studies,



cadmium has been classified by the Agency as a "Bl" or "probable"



human carcinogen (Guidelines for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment



1986) .

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                             -8-



     Based on results' from other laboratory animal studies  j



and a human epidemiological study of factory workers who were



chronically exposed to cadmium compounds, the Agency concludes



there is a significant association between dermal and inha-



lation exposure and kidney effects, including proteinuria and



kidney dysfunction.  The Agency has concluded that the cancer



and kidney effects associated with cadmium exposure exceed



the criteria for special review set out in 40 CFR Part 154.



     The pesticidal usage of cadmium compounds is estimated



to be approximately 30,000 pounds per year.  This represents



less than 0.1 percent of the total cadmium usage (30,000 to



35,000 tons)  in the United States for industrial purposes.



Although registered for use on both golf course and home



lawn turf, cadmium fungicides are used almost exclusively



by turf maintenance personnel on golf courses.



     -The-Ayenrcy-r^vi-eve-d 4-n-f-arma-t ion-concern ing the benefits



relating to cadmium fungicide uses.  The benefits were



assessed relative to  the economic impacts which would result



if cadmium compounds  were cancelled and users chose to use



alternative fungicides.  Agency estimates suggest that the



annual impacts on the principal use site, golf courses,



may be approximately  $240,000 for the affected golf courses,



or approximately $500 per golf course using cadmium compounds.



The impacts on other  turf sites would be negligible.



     In weighing the risks and benefits and considering



regulatory options, the Agency considered measures to



reduce applicator exposure and risk.  Protective clothing

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                             -9-



requirements and imposition of a requirement prohibiting use



of hand-held spray equipment were considered;  however,  the



Agency evaluated the effectiveness and utility of these



measures and concluded that they would not adequately mitigate



exposure and risk.



     Also, the Agency is concerned about the purposeful addition



of a heavy metal (cadmium) to the environment.  Cadmium



pesticide products are produced for the intent of direct appli-



cation to sites in the environment in comparison to cadmium



compounds that enter the environment as by-products of



industrial production.  Given the commonly recognized undesirable



characteristics of adding heavy metals to the environment,



the high (30 pounds/acre/year) application rate, and the low



benefits from applying cadmium pesticides, the Agency does



not believe it prudent to permit the continued use of cadmium



pesticides.



     Therefore, in consideration of the toxicological



effects of cadmium compounds, the estimated potential risks



of these effects to applicators, the lack of effective  measures



to mitigate these unacceptable risks, the availability  of



effective alternatives, an estimated minor economic impact



to users, and the undesirable practice of purposefully  adding



high levels of a heavy metal to the environment the Agency



has made a preliminary determination that risks of use  of



cadmium for turf disease control outweigh the benefits  of such



use.  Therefore, the Agency proposes to cancel registration

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                             ,-10-

and deny application for all turf uses of cadmium pesticide

products.  This is based on the Agency's judgment that the

risks of continued cadmium use outweigh the associated benefits.


        V.  AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT
             AND DRAFT NOTICE OF INTENT TO CANCEL

     The Cadmium Technical Support Document (TSD) discusses

in detail the basis for the issuance of the Notice of

Preliminary Determination proposing to cancel registrations

and deny applications for registration for all pesticide

products that contain cadmium compounds as active ingredients

in pesticide products that are for use on turf sites.

In addition, a draft Notice of Intent to Cancel (NOIC)

Notice has been prepared for transmittal to the U.S. Department

of Agriculture (USDA) and the SAP pursuant to sections 6 and

25 of FIFRA.  Copies of this Notice of Preliminary Determination

and the TSD will also be transmitted to the SAP and USDA.  The

draft NOIC and the TSD are available to the public on request.

Copies of these documents may be obtained from Valerie M. Bael,

Registration Division', at the address/telephone number given

above.

Dated s   "S O
                             Assistant Administrator
                               for Pesticides
                               and Toxic Substances.

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38524
Federal Register / Vol 51. No. 197 / Friday. October 10, 1986 / Notices
                                                                                                                   TT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
AOENCY


Praflmtaary Determinati
Begtot/atteoa and Dtny Appicattona
tor Att Ptstteid* Product* That Contain
Cadmium Compounds; AvaHabOlty of
Technical Support Document and Draft
of Intent To Cancal                •
                    I HOttCUQD
AgencylEPA).  .
ACTION: Notice of Preliminary
Determination: Notice of Availability.

SUMMARY: This Notice annoonces EPA's
preliminary determination to cancel
registrations and to deny applications
for all pesticide products that contain
cadmium compounds (salts of chloride.
sebacate, succinite, carbonate, and
•f^jpfiyjtforyijm dilactate) as active
ingredients and that are for use on turf
sites. The proposed action is based on
the Agency's determination that the use
of cadmium fungicides will result in
unreasonable adverse effects to
applicators of the products for these
uses. This Notice further informs the
public of the availability of a draft
Notice of Intent to Cancel and
documents in support of this action.
DATE Comments from the public on this
notice must be received on or before
November 24.1988.
        :Jhree copies of written"
comments, identified by the docket
number JOPP-30000/20C] should be suit
to: By mail:
Information Services Section. Program
  Management and Support Division
  (TS-7S7C). Office of Pesticide
  nogiems. "*•!*•'•" n»»ftt»i Protection
  Agency. 401 M St,  SW, Washington,
  DC 20480.
  In person, bring comment* IK
Rm, 238. CM*2. 1921 Jefferson Davis
  Highway. Arlington. VA.
ran njarrMtn MFOMMATKMI COKTACT:  -
By mail:
Valerie M. BaeL Registration Division
  (TS-7B7C). Office of Pesticide
  Programs. Environmental Protection
  Agency. 401 M St SW, Washington.
  DC 20480.
  Office location and telephone number.
Rm. 1006. CM*2. 1921 Jefferson Davis
  Highway. Arlington. VA. (703-557-
  2314).
          ts and Pocfce-t
  The Agency has establiihed a public
docket for the Cadmium Special Review.
The docket will contain all public
comments as wall ss other relevant
 Agency documents pertammg te the.
 Special Review, for a complete Bat of
 the categories of documents wUcb are
 placed in a Special Review docket, aee
 40 CFR 154.15.
   All interested persons may svbmit
 comments, regarding the risks aad
 .benefits associated with the use of
 cadmium pestiddes **"^ the Agency's
 proposed decision, to the address given
 above.
   On a monthly basis, the Agency wffl
 distribute a compendium of indices far
 newly received comments and
 documents that have been placed in me
 public docket for this Spedal Review.
 This compendium will be distributed by
 mail to those members of the pabtfc who
 have specifically requested such  •
 material for this Special Review:
   Information submitted to any
 comment or response concerning mis-
 Notice may be claimed confidential by
 making any part or all of net. .-'• —
 information as Confidential Besiness
 Information (CBI). Information so.
 marked will not be disdosed except in
 accordance with procedures set forth in
 40 CFR Part 2. To assert a claim of  . •••
 confidentiality for all or any part of a -•:
 written submission concerning a Spedal
 Review, the submitter must furnish three
 copies of the material Two complete
 copies must be submitted, with-daimed
 CBI clearly marked in the text Items in
 the document that are claimed
. confidential should be numberedj
-consecutively throughout the-text. Tba
 third copy must have the daimad CBI
 exdsed from the text without closing up
 or paraphrasing the remaining text The
 deletions should be consecutively
 numbered to correspond to numbering of
 the complete copies. Each copy must be
 marked on the cover as to whether it
 contains claimed CBL Information not
 marked confidential may be made-
 available through the docket or
 otherwise disclosed publidy by EPA
 without prior notice to the submitter.
   The docket and index will be
 available for inspection and copying
 from 8 ajn. to 4 pjn, Monday through
 Friday, except legal holidays, at the
 following location:
 Program Management and Support
   Division. Rm. 236. CM*2.1921
   Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington.

 IL Introduction
   The Agency issued a notice  •'
 commencing a Special Review of
 cadmium pestiddes. as published in the
 Federal Register of October 28.1977 (42
 FR 56524). The Spedal Review was
 based on the determination that the use
 of cadmium pestidde products exceeded
 risk criteria relating to oncogenJdty.
                                                         aratagenidty. teratogenidty and
                                                         firiotoxidty. Following review of public
                                                         comments and available data, the
                                                         Agency determined that the risk
                                                         concern* for oncogenicity remained, and
                                                         risk concerns for other acute and
                                                         chronic effects (kidney effects) have
                                                         been added. Risk concerns for
                                                         mutagenidty. teratogenidty. and
                                                         fctotoxfdty no longer remain. The
                                                         Agency also concluded that the use of
                                                         cadmium fungicide would result in
                                                         unreasonable adverse effects on
                                                         applicators of the products to turf.
                                                         Therefore, the Agency proposes in this
                                                         Notice to deny applications and cancel
                                                         registrations of cadmium pestidde
                                                         products for this use.

                                                         m. Statutory and Regulatory
                                                         Background

                                                         A. Th* Statute

                                                           A pestidde product may be sold or
                                                         distributed in the United States only  if it
                                                         is registered or exempt from registration
                                                         under the Federal Insecticide. Fungidde.
                                                         and Rodentidde Act (FIFRA) as
                                                         amended (7 U.S.C 1136 et seq.). Before a
                                                        1 product can be registered, it must be
                                                         shown that it can be used without
                                                         ""unreasonable adverse effects on the
                                                         environment" (FIFRA section 3(c)(5)).
                                                         that is. without causing "any
                                                         unreasonable risk to man or the
                                                         environment, taking into account the
                                                         economic, social, and environmental
                                                         costs and benefits of "the use of the
                                                         pestidde" (FIFRA section 2(bb)). The
                                                         .burden of proving that a pestidde meets
                                                         this standard for registration is. at all
                                                         times, on the proponent of initial or
                                                         continued registration. If at any time the
                                                         Agency determines that a pestidde no
                                                         longer meets this standard for
                                                         registration, then the Administrator may
                                                         cancel the registration under section 8 of
                                                         FIFRA.

                                                         JL The Special Review Process

                                                           The Special Review process, formerly
                                                         called the Rebuttable Presumption
                                                         Against Registration (RPAR). is a
                                                         mechanism by which the Agency
                                                         collects information on the risks and
                                                         benefits assodated with the uses of
                                                         pesticides to determine whether any use
                                                         causes unreasonable adverse effects on
                                                         the environment The Special Review
                                                         process is governed by 40 CFR Part 154.
                                                           Through the Spedal Review process
                                                         the Agency (1) announces and describes
                                                         its risk concerns regarding pesticidal use
                                                         based on certain risk criteria: (2)
                                                         establishes a public docket: (3) solicits
                                                         comments from the public snd under
                                                         certain circumstances, from the
                                                         Secretary of Agriculture and the

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Federal Register / Vol .M. No. 197 / Friday. October 10. 1966 / NoUce*
                                                                                                            36525
     atific Advisory Pud (SAP)
         I the Agency's analysis and
 proposed regulatory decisions; (4)
 reviews and repoads to aD ajgnificant
 eoounent* timely submitted; and (S)
 •Bakes a final regulatory dadstoa baaed
 eo a balancing of riaka and benefits
 aaanriatsif with a pesticide's use.
   The Agency, by issuing this Notice el
 Preliminary Determination, is proposing
 to fifrl registrations and deny
 applications for registration for all
 pesticide products that contain cadmium
 compounds (salts of chloride, sebacate,
 succinite, carbonate and
 anilinocsdmMim dil^ctate) as active
 ingredients and that are for use on turf
 sites. This action is based on the
 Agency's determination that me use of
          ungicides will result in
 significant risks to applicators of the
 products for this use. The Agency has
 also determined that the risk associated
 with this use is not outweighed by its
 relatively minor benefits as discussed in
 detail by the Agency in the Technical
 Support Document
   The Agency evaluated laboratory
 animal and human epidemiological
 studies for cadmium's potential to cause
 toxic effects. Both types of studies
 indicate that cadmium compounds sre
 oncogenic and can cause kidney effects.
 The Agency also evaluated applicator
 exposure studies. In comparing the
 results of the lexicological studies with
- tbe-es timeted •applicator-exposures. -the
 Agency-concluded thai theneJa up -to a
 10~* lifetime risk of oncogenidty to
 certain applicators and a very dose
 association between applicator
 exposure levels and kidney effect levels.
   Data from a chronic rat inhalation
 study using cadmium chloride aerosol.
 and from an epidemiological study of
 factory workers who were chronically
 exposed to cadmium oxide and dust.
 suggest statistically significant, dose-
 related increases of lung tumors. Based
 on these and results of other studies.
 cadmium has been classified by the
 Agency as a **Bl" or "probable*' human
 carcinogen (Guidelines for Carcinogenic
 Risk Assessment 1986).
   Based on results from other laboratory
 animal studies and a human
 epidemiological study of factory
 workers who were chronically exposed
                    to cadmium com;*)*]' ^a, the Agency  •
                    Bffpchntt> than is a "'HT^'ftr*"*
                    association between dermal and
                    ff»^«i«H^»n exposure mr>4 kidney affects*
                    including proteinuria and kidney .
                    dysfunction. The Agency has concluded
                    that the cancer and kidney effects
                    associated with cadmium exposure
                    exceed the criteria for spedal review set
                    out in 40 CFR Part 154.
                      The pestiddal usage of cadmium
                    approximately SXOOO pounds per year.
                    This represents has tbamftl petcent of
                    the total cadmium usage (XUXBto  :
                    35.000 tons) in the United States for
                    industrial purposes. Although sagistered
                    for use on both golf course andfcome
                    lawn turf, cadmium fungicides are used
                    almost exclusively by turf maintenance
                    personnel on golf courses.
                      The Agency reviewed information
                    concerning the benefits relating to
                    cadmium fungicide uses. The benefits
                    were assessed relative to the economic
                    Impacts which would result if cadmium
                    compounds were cancelled and user*
                    chose to use alternative fungicides.
                    Agency estimates suggest that the
                    annual impacts on the principal use site.
                    golf courses, may be approximately
                    g240.0pO for the affected golf courses, or
                    approximately S500 per golf course using
                    cadmium compounds. The impacts on
                    other turf sites would be negligible.
                      In weighing the risks and benefits and
                    considering regulatory options, the
                    Agency considensd measures to reduce
                    applicator exposure and risk. Protective
                   -clothing reguirements-aTtd-impeslUon-of
                  . a-ieq^irement-probibiting-iise-ef-band-
                    held spray equipment were considered:
                    however, the Agency evaluated the
                    effectiveness and utility of these
                    measures and concluded that they
                    would not adequately nftigate exposure
                    and risk.
                      Also, the Agency is concerned about
                    the purposeful addition of a heavy metal
                    (cadmium) to the environment
                    Cadmium pesticide products are
                    produced for the intent of direct
                    application to sites in the environment
                    in comparison to cadmium compounds
                    that enter the environment as by-
                    products of industrial production. Given
                    the commonly recognized undesirable
                    characteristics of adding heavy metals
                    to the environment, the high (30 pounds/
                    acre/year) application rate, and the low
                    benefits from applying cadmium
.pesticides, the Agency does not believe
 it prudent to permit the continued use of
 M«imtimi pesticides.     .    -
   Therefore, in consideration of the
 toxicological effects of cadmium
 compounds, the estimsted potential
 risks of these-effects to applicators, the
 lack of effective measures to mitigate
 mess unacceptable risks, the
 availability of effective alternatives, an
 estimated minor economic impact to
 users, and the undesirable practice of
. purposefully adding high levels of a
 heavy metal to the environment the
 Agency has made a preliminary
 determination that risks of use of
 cadmium for turf disease control
 outweigh the benefits of such use.
 Therefore, the Agency proposes to
 cancel registration and deny application
 for all turf uses of cadmium pesticide
 products. This is based on the Agency's
 Judgment that the risks of continued
 cadmium use outweigh the associated
 benefits.
 V. Availability of Technical Support
 Document and Draft Notice of Intent To
 Cancel

   The Cadmium Technical Support
 Document (TSD) discusses in detail the
 basis for the issuance of the Notice of
 Preliminary Determination proposing to
 cancel registrations snd deny
 applications for registration for all
 pesticide products that contain cadmium
 compounds as active ingredients in
 pesticide products that are for use on
 turf sites. In addition, a draft Notice of
~Intent to"CanceltNOtQ implementing
 the preliminary determination described
 in this Notice has been prepared for
 transmittal  to the VJS. Department of
 Agriculture [USDA) and the SAP
 pursuant to sections 6 snd 25 of FTFRA.
 Copies of this Notice of Preliminary
 Determination and the TSD will also be
 transmitted to the SAP and USDA. The
 draft NOIC and the TSD are available to
 the public on request Copies of these
 documents may be obtained from
 Valerie M. Bael. Registration Division, at
 the address/telephone number given
 above.
   Dated: September 30.1966.
 IohnA.Moor*.
 Assistant Administrator for Pesticides and
 Toxic Subttojtces.
 JFR Doc. 80-23011 Filed 10-9-C& MS am]

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