REPORT ON THE
QUALITY OF THE WATER
OF THE
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES
OHIO
RADIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES SECTION
DIVISION OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI , OHIO
JANUARY 1971
-------
Report on the
Quality of the Water
of the
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES
OHIO
C. E. Runas - Sanitary Engineer
L. P. Parrish - Aquatic Biologist
L. A. Hesi - Microbiologist
Radiological Activities Section
Division of Technical Support
Water Quality Office
Environmental Protection Agency
January 1971
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1
INTRODUCTION .... 6
AREA 8
WATER USES 11
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS 12
RESULTS OF STUDY Ik
BACTERIAL DATA 14
CHEMICAL DATA 19
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen
Demand (BOD) . . . ... 19
Nutrients 21
Dissolved Solids, Chlorides, and Sulfates 25
Turbidity and Color 26
JEg 27
Arsenic and Cyanide 27
Fluoride 28
Cadmium, Chromium, Lead 28
Iron, Manganese, Zinc, Oil, Rienol 29
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page No.
BIOLOGY 30
Little Miami River 32
Caesars Creek 37
Todd Fork 38
East Fork 39
ii
-------
FIGURES
Follows
Number Page No.
1 GENERAL LOCATION MAP ... ........... 6
2 COLIFORM BACTERIA ................ 17
3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN ................ 20
k BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND ............ 20
5 NITROGEN (NH3 - N) . . . ............ 2k
6 NITROGEN (N03 - N) ............... 2k
1 TOTAL AND SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS .......... 2k
8 NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS -
Little Miami River ............. 3?
9 NUMBER OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT -
Little Miami River ............. 32
10 NUMBER OF ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT -
Todd Fork and Caesars Creek .... ..... 38
11 NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS -
Todd Fork and Caesars Creek ......... 38
12 NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS -
East Fork - Little Miami River ....... ^0
13 NUMBER OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT -
East Fork - Little Miami River
iii
-------
TABLES
Number Page No.
1 TOTAL AND FECAL COLIFORM DETERMINATIONS -
Little Miami River Study 16 & 17
2 DO AND BOD RELATIONSHIPS -
Little Miami River Study 22 & 23
APPENDIXES
A DETAIL MAP - Little Miami River and Tributaries
TABLES
1-A - Reference Point Locations 44
2-A - Benthic Organisms, Stations 1 - 17 . 45
3-A - Benthic Organisms, Stations 18 - 36 48
4-A through
46-A - Summary of Chemical and Physical Data 51
B WATER QUALITY STANDARDS - State of Ohio 94
iv
-------
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The Little Miami River Basin is an area possessing the natural
beauty of sharply contrasting topography of deep narrov gorges with
rushing waters and broad flat bottom lands with quiet pools. The
area, in addition to its scenic and picturesque beauty, is rich in
sites of historical significance. These qualities give this area an
unusual advantage for the expansion of its desirable recreational
potential. Proposed multipurpose reservoir sites on Caesars Creek and
in the East Fork are now being studied by the Corps of Engineers.
These factors, as well as others, have prompted proposals to classify
the Little Miami River, or selected reaches, as a "Wild River" or a
"Scenic Recreation River."
The bacterial density of most of the lk sampling stations inves-
tigated on the main stem of the Little Miami River violated the water
quality standards established by the State of Ohio. Only one sample
station (RM-88.5) had a mean coliform density of 1,000/100 ml or less
as required for contact recreation and two other sampling stations
(RM-95.6 and RM-51.3) had mean coliform values that conformed to the
5,000/100 ml standard for a public water supply. All but one of the
-------
sampling stations on the main stem had fecal coliform c.punts in excess
of the 200/100 ml limit for primary contact recreation recommended by
the National Technical Advisory Committee on Water Quality Criteria.
Pollution sensitive and tolerant organisms were present in the benthic
population throughout the entire reach of the main stem, with snails
and sludgeworms predominant in some reaches.
The bacterial water quality of the major tributaries to the
Little Miami River was superior to that of the main stem. Caesars
Creek, with the exception of the station at RM-l8.3> met the total and
fecal coliform standards for both contact recreation and water supply
uses. Todd Fork met the water quality standards for both uses with the
exception of its Lytle Creek tributary. Both Caesars-Creek and Todd
Fork supported a clean water benthic community. Out of a total of nine
sampling, points on the East Fork of the Little Miami River which is the
largest and longest tributary, seven stations met the standard for pubr
lie water supply and three of these seven met the standard for contact
iX
recreation. Greatest bacterial densities occurred near the mouth of
the East Fork where pollution tolerant snails, clams and sludgeworms
were predominant in the bottom animal population.
The average dissolved oxygen (D.O.) in the Little Miami River dur-
ing the study period, equaled or was greater than the standards estab-
lished, by the State of Ohio for Aquatic Life Class A. The average .D. 0.
remained consistently above 5-0 mg/1 at all stations on both the main
stem and tributaries. The D. 0. exceeded the minimum allowable for .Class
A use at all but two stations where the minimum equale^L 3«0 mg/1.
-------
Although there were significant organic waste loads in some
reaches of the Little Miami River, these wastes did not exert suffi-
cient oxygen demand that the oxygen resources of the river were de-
stroyed.
Total phosphorus concentrations in the Little Miami River were,
in general, excessive with the National Technical Advisory Committee's
recommended maximum of 0.1 mg/1 for flowing streams being exceeded at
all main stem locations. Algal streamers up to two feet in length
were observed in some riffle areas. On the East Fork and Caesars Creek
the total phosphorus concentrations approached the suggested upper limit
of 0.1 mg/1 for flowing streams. Abundant growths of periphyton covered
the bottom of the stream in some areas of the East Fork. Since the pro-
posed reservoirs on the East Fork and Caesars Creek would impound these
waters, there exists the potential of an algal nuisance problem.
Total dissolved solids concentrations in the Little Miami River
and tributaries were just below the limit of 500 mg/1 average (750 mg/1
maximum) established by the State of Ohio for waters used as a public
water supply. The highest average concentration was ^92 mg/1. The max-
imum concentration was 53^ nig/1.
Concentrations of chlorides and sulfates at all stations were
within the National Technical Advisory Committee's recommended limit of
\c- '•-•'••'^<
250 mg/1. The highest chloride concentration at any station was 38 mg/1
and the highest sulfate concentration was 68 mg/1.
-------
Average turbidity at all stations in the Little Miami River and
tributaries was below the 50 unit NTAC's recommended limit for warm
water streams. The highest average observed at any station was 26
units. The highest single value of 52 units occurred at River Mile 3.k.
The highest average color in the Little Miami River and tribu-
taries was 24 units. Thirty-five units was the highest value obtained.
The pH values in the Little Miami River and tributaries ranged
from 5.3 to 8.8, within the range of 5.0 to 9.0 established by the State
of Ohio. Any pH value within the range of 6.5 to 8.5 is considered
desirable for aquatic life. This range was exceeded at only three sta-
tions: Mile 1.0 on Stonelick Creek, Miles70.9 and 7^.1 on the East Fork,
with values of 8.6, 8.8, and 8.7, respectively.
During the study, alkalinity in the Little Miami River and tribu-
taries remained below the National Technical Advisory Committee's recom-
mended limit of 500 mg/1 for public water supplies at all stations. The
minimum hardness concentration was 160 mg/1 and the average at all sta-
tions exceeded 200 mg/1 during the study period. A maximum value of
3^-8 mg/1 was observed.
Concentrations of arsenic and cyanide did not exceed the limits
of 0.05 mg/1 and 0.025 mg/1,respectively, that were established by the
State for the Little Miami River. Concentrations of arsenic ranged from
less than 0.01 mg/1 to 0.03 mg/1 and concentrations of cyanide were less
than 0.01 mg/1 at all stations.
-------
Fluoride concentrations remained below the level of 1.0 mg/1
set by the State for waters used as a public water supply. Values
ranged between 0.2 mg/1 and 0.8 mg/1.
At all stations in the Little Miami River and its tributaries
the concentrations of cadmium were less than the 0.01 mg/1 limit. Con-
centrations of total chromium were less than 0.02 mg/1, which is less
than the allowable limit of 0.05 fflg/1 for hexavalent chromium alone.
Copper and zinc concentrations were less than the National Techni-
cal Advisory Committee's recommended limits of 1.0 mg/1 and 5 mg/l> re-
spectively, for public water supplies at all stations. Iron concentra-
tions exceeded the 0.3 mg/1 NATO's recommended limit for waters used as
a public water supply at all main stem and tributary stations, with the
exception of the reach in the East Fork between Batavia and Williamsburg
(RM-11.8-32.7). Manganese, oil and phenol concentrations exceeded the
NATC's recommended limits for water supplies at all stations. Oily sub-
stances can be deleterious to fish by removing a source of fish food
through a coating of algae and other plankton, and by coating the gills,
interfering with respiration. Oil and phenolic substances may also be
ingested by fish, tainting their flesh.
-------
INTRODUCTION
This report on the quality of the water of the Little Miami
River Basin is based on information obtained during the April 29 -
July 12, 1968, field investigation conducted by personnel of the
National Field Investigations Center, Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration.
The study was initiated as a result of a request by the Ohio
Basin Regional Director for assistance to provide background informa-
tion on water quality in the Little Miami River Basin.
River discharge data were provided by the Lower Ohio Basin
Office, Ohio Basin Region. Stream discharges were estimated, based
on drainage areas from unpublished data from U. S. Geological Survey
stream-gaging stations, and on drainage areas as established from
"Drainage Areas of Ohio Streams, " Ohio Department of Natural Resources,
1967.
The description of river water quality, as related to existing
water quality standards, is based on the results of a two-phase field
investigation. The first phase involved a biological and limited scope
-------
FIGURE I
GENERAL LOCATION
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
OHIO
MASON
YELLOW
SPRINGS
CLIFTC
KETTERING
e
s* C'XEDENTON
£*
Stonetick
oV ^.tfA-ff
\
iMILFORD
NORWOOD
NEWTOWN
LYNCH BURG
FAYETTEVILLE
rBATAVIA
WILLIAMSBURG
MILES
0246 8 IO 12
-------
7
chemical study of the tributaries to the Little Miami River during the
months of April and May 1968 (Figure l). Air and water temperature,
pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined in the field. Samples were
collected and returned to the laboratory for analyses of nutrients
(nitrogen and phosphorus), coliform bacteria, and biological examina-
tions. Benthic organisms were collected with a Petersen dredge or
Surber sampler. Dredged material was screened with a U. S. Standard
No. 30 mesh sieve. Organisms and other material collected by the sieve
or in the Surber, or square foot sampler, also were preserved for later
examination. Qualitative benthic samples were obtained by searching all
aquatic habitats in the area of each sample station.
The second phase of the field work, during June and July 1968,
was an intensive two-week sampling program on the main stem of the
Little Miami River and those tributaries that required additional study
as indicated by the results from Phase I. Each station was sampled once
daily during this period. The program involved daytime sampling during
the first week and nighttime sampling during the second week to determine
any diurnal differences.
-------
AREA
The Little Miami River originates in Clark County, southeast of
Springfield, Ohio, and flows in a general southwesterly direction for
about 106 river miles through Greene, Warren, Clermont, and Hamilton
Counties to the eastern suburbs of the Cincinnati of Cincinnati, where
it discharges to the Ohio River. The total 1,755 square mile drainage
area of the Little Miami River Basin includes all or part of 12 counties
in southwestern Ohio. The area lies principally in the Green, Warren,
Clinton, and Clermont Counties.
The main tributaries to the Little Miami River are: Caesars
Creek, Todd Fork, and East Fork. Sections of these tributaries flow
through Clinton, Highland, Brown, and Clermont Counties.
The topography is level to gently rolling in the upper and
central sections, and rolling and hilly in the lower section. The
entire area is underlain by consolidated rocks of sedimentary origin,
including shale, limestone, and dolomite. Glaciation has affected the
watershed, filling major drainageways with outwash materials of prima-
rily coarse sand and gravel. Most of the upland areas are covered with
till composed of clay, sand, and boulders.
8
-------
Sustained flows occur in the upper reaches of the main stem
supplied from storage in the permeable glacial outwash deposits. The
tributary streams have less sustained flow due to impermeable clays
and other compacted glacial till deposits. There are no natural lakes
in the area. The largest bodies of water are impoundments constructed
by the State of Ohio: Stonelick Lake, near Edenton in Clermont County,
and Cowan Lake, near Wilmington in Clinton County. Proposed multipur-
pose reservoir sites on Caesars Creek, near Harveysburg, and on the East
Fork, near Batavia, are being studied by the Corps of Engineers.
In I960 the basin population was ^75>570 persons, with the princi-
pal population centers located at Kettering, Xenia, Wilmington, and
Norwood. Other population centers include South Lebanon, Loveland, and
Milford on the main stem, and Williamsburg and Batavia on the East Fork.
By 1975 "the population of the area is expected to grow to 875>000 persons
and to 1,750,000 persons by the year 2000. This growth is expected to
take place primarily in Greene, Clermont, and Hamilton Counties.
Major industrial activities in the basin include food processing
and furniture and machinery manufacturing at Xenia, machine tool and
casting production at Wilmington, and heating equipment and structural
steel fabrication at Lebanon. Cattle, hog, and poultry raising, dairy
farming, and corn and wheat growing are the principal agricultural act-
ivities in the basin.
The area, in addition to its natural beauty of sharply contrast-
ing topography of deep narrow gorges with rushing waters and broad flat
-------
10
bottom lands with quiet pools, is rich in sites of historical signif-
icance. These factors, as well as others, have prompted proposals to
classify the Little Miami River, or selected reaches, as a "Wild River"
and/or a "Scenic Recreation River."
-------
WATER USES
Municipal water supplies, serving about 125,000 persons, draw
approximately 12.5 mgd of water from the Little Miami River Basin.
Ground water provides approximately 85 percent of the water supply for
28 existing central water systems. Surface water supply sources pres-
ently in use are: the East Fork Little Miami River, Stonelick Creek,
Todd Fork, and Cowan Creek. The largest system using surface water as
a supply serves 10,000 persons with 0.9 mgd at Wilmington, Ohio.
Industrial water supplies use nearly 4.5 ragd of water from wells.
In the Little Miami Basin over 120 water-using manufacturing plants
employ nearly 21,000 persons. Major water users are the manufacturers
of transportation equipment, food and kindred products, and chemicals.
The major portion of the water is used as process water.
The total municipal and industrial water demand, is expected to
triple by the year 2020, but no major demand on the surface water of the
basin for public water supply is expected.
Fishing and boating are the major recreational uses of the Little
Miami River. It is estimated that $15,000,000 is spent annually by the
11
-------
12
136,000 fishermen residing in the basin. Fishing, in general, is good
throughout the main stem and larger tributaries. Pleasure boating in
the Little Miami River is increasing in popularity. The reach from
Clifton to Cincinnati, a distance of about 95 river miles, is an excel-
lent canoeing stream with a few sections offering the challenge of white
water canoeing. Cowan Lake is known as a site for sailboating. To pro-
vide for the increasing demands for boating in this area, additional
launching facilities are planned for the Little Miami River and Cowan
Lake. Swimming is a recognized use in a few locations in the basin,
particularly at Stonelick Lake. Additional -water-oriented recreation
areas will be provided by the proposed reservoirs on the East Fork and
Caesars Creek.
The Little Miami River receives silt and wastes from agricultural
runoff, treated and untreated sewage, and industrial wastes. The growth
and development of the area will cause greater pollutions! problems and
at the same time increase public demand for aesthetic enjoyment and
recreation.
WATER QUALITY STANDARDS
Water Quality Standards have been established by the State of Ohio
for the Little Miami River Basin. Provisions regarding water quality as
adopted by the State of Ohio appear in Appendix C.
The water quality in the Little Miami River Basin as it relates to
these standards is discussed in this report. Where State standards have
-------
13
not been established, reference is made to recommendations of the
National Technical Advisory Committee on Water Quality Criteria.
-------
RESULTS OF STUDY
The results of all bacteriological, biological, chemical, and
physical determinations are tabulated in summary form in Appendix A.
BACTERIAL DATA
Though some members of the coliform group are widely distributed
in nature, coliform bacteria are always present in excretions from the
intestinal tract of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Therefore,
the absence of coliform bacteria is evidence of a bacteriologically
safe water. The presence of fecal coliform' bacteria in the water
environment is proof of fecal contamination and an indication of hazard-
ous pollution.
Thirty-five sample stations were established in the Little Miami
River Basin: nine on the East Fork; five on Todd Fork; three on Caesars
Creek; single stations on four other tributaries in the upper reaches of
the river; and lU stations on the main stem.
Bacterial water quality standards established by the State of
Ohio for the Little Miami River Basin are summarized below.
-------
15
For waters used for a public supply, total coliform densities are
not to exceed a monthly average (either MFN or MF count) of 5,000/100 ml
nor exceed 20,000/100 ml in more than five percent of the samples.
For waters used for recreational purposes, including water-contact
activities such as swimming and water skiing, total coliform densities
are not to exceed a monthly average (either MPN or MF count) of 1,000/100
ml nor exceed 2,UOO/100 ml at any time.
Although the State of Ohio does not include fecal coliform in
the bacterial water quality standards, the National Technical Advisory
Committee on Water Quality Criteria recommends that the fecal coliform
content of primary contact recreation waters shall not exceed a mean of
200 MFN/100 ml nor shall more than ten percent of the total samples dur-
ing any ^0-day period exceed ^00 MFN/100 ml.
Detailed tabulation of coliform data by the membrane filter method
is posted in Table 1 and density trends are illustrated on Figure 2.
The 30-mile upstream reach of the Little Miami River, upstream
from Xenia, flows gently through the rolling plains, farmland area of
southwestern Ohio. There are no known sewage discharges into these clear
and attractive waters, and the source of the relatively low total coli-
form densities observed at the two sampling stations within this reach
(1,200/100 ml and ^70/100 ml) was probably runoff from farmlands. This
reach contained the only sampling point within the entire main stem where
-------
Max.
5,200
900
Min. Mean Max. Min.
Little Miami Main Stem
500 1,200 800 70
320 470 340 64
Mean
260
120
Massie Creek, Shawnee Creek
16
TABLE 1
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
Total and Fecal Coliform Determinations
By Membrane Filter Method
River Sta. Total Coli/100 ml Fecal Coli/100 ml
Mile No.
95.6 35
88.5 33
75.8 32 170,000 1,900 12,000 40,000 350 1,800
Glady Run, Beaver Creek
63.4 29 17,000 7,700 11,000 3,900 1,200 2,100
51.3 28 14,000 100 1,500 13,000 50 510
Caesars Creek Enters
45.7 24 28,000 13,000 19,000 3,000 1,100 1,700
Todd Fork Enters
35-8 18 66,000 2,500 12,000 23,000 310 1,600
33-1 17 58,000 1,200 11,000 22,000 590 2,200
O'Bannon Creek Enters
21.1 15 79,000 25,000 44,000 23,000 1,300 6,200
17.6 14 490,000 23,000 83,000 140,000 4,500 16,000
12.7 13 62,000 6,700 19,000 8,900 840 3,900
East Fork Little Miami Enters
10.4 3 39,000 4,000 14,000 8,500 990 2,800
7.8 2 44,000 1,000 4,700 7,600 350 1,300
3.4 i 233,000 1,000 18,000 33,000 150 2,800
-------
IT
TABLE 1 (contd)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
Total and Fecal Coliform Determinations
By Membrane Filter Method
River
Mile
79-9-0.2
72.6-1.8
63-7-1.1
51.0-18.3
51.0-6.2
51.0-13.7-0.2
38.4-19.5
38.4-14.4
38.4-1.8
38.4-18.5-0.6
38.4-17.0-0.5
23.6-2.0
11.1-74.1
11.1-70.9
11.1-54.7
11.1-35.8
11.1-32.7
11.1-15.5
11.1-11.8
11.1-0.7
11.1-8.6-1.0
Sta.
No.
Total Coli/
Max.
Min.
aoo mi
Mean
Fecal
Max.
Coli/
Min.
100 ml
Mean
Tributaries
34
31
30
27
25
26
23
20
19
22
21
16
20,000
.3,100
100,000
2,300
920
2,000
500
350
260
3,000
1,000
420
1,600
160
25,000
230
150
120
180
230
160
200
230
180
7,000
470
46,000
840
350
420
250
290
200
1,200
530
280
East Fork Little
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
3,200
8,200
700
28,000
4,100
3,900
5,100
900
3,900
560
360
560
320
300
1,600
6,100
600
1,600
1,000
740
760
3,100
1,900
48,000
i,4oo
250
1,300
98
68
48
280
460
80
Miami
770
1,500
330
14,000
420
2,200
1,200
150
40
3,000
130
85
100
50
50
18
90
30
56
470
560
320
54
120
54
100
1,100
265
9,000
550
120
200
71
58
27
130
97
64
600
1,100
330
400
160
140
260
Stonelick Creek Enters
Massie Creek
Beaver Creek
Glady Run
Caesars Creek
Caesars Creek
Anderson Fork
Todd Fork
Todd Fork
Todd Fork
Lytle Creek
Cowan Creek
O'Bannon Creek
4 70,000
5 480
9,500 35,000
420 460
19,000 1,300 7,000 (Increase not due
to Stonelick Cr.)
142
34
67 Stonelick Creek
-------
18
the total coliform density was less than the 1,000/100 ml total coli-
form and 200/100 ml fecal colifonn limit for contact recreation.
Treated and untreated sewage from Xenia along the banks of
Shawnee Creek and Glady Run, and the residual wastes that enter Beaver
Creek from Kettering, enter the Little Miami River within the next
15-mile downstream reach. The effects of these bacterial loads were
revealed in the next two downstream sampling stations by the sharp
total coliform density increase to an average of 11,000/100 ml at River
Mile 63-^ downstream from the entrance of Glady Run. Fecal coliform
densities increased to an average of 2,100/100 ml at this Station.
There are no known additional sources of pollution within the
next 12 miles of flowing stream and at River Mile 51»3.> at Waynesville,
the total and the fecal coliform densities were reduced to 1,500/100 ml
and 510/100 ml, respectively.
The average total coliform densities exceeded the 5>000/100 ml
limit for general recreation at all but one station sampled within the
remaining 50-mile reach from Waynesville down to the mouth. Except for
the station at Newtown, where the total coliform density averaged
4,700/100 ml, average total coliform densities ranged from 11,000/100 ml
to 83,000/100 and average fecal coliforms ranged from 1,600/100 ml to
16,000/100 ml within this 50-mile reach. Significant discharges of raw
and treated sewage within this problem area of excessive bacterial pol-
lution originate mainly in Waynesville, Wilmington, Lebanon, Loveland,
Milford, and Newtown.
-------
100,000-]
10,000-
o
o
u.
z
5 1,000
u
CD
z
ce
O
O
u
100
FIGURE 2
COLIFORM BACTERIA
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
t "
ce
u
LEGEND
V)
y
(A
ac.
1
I £
1 3
z U
cc
o
ce
§
u
TOTAL
IT
FECAL
u
too
9O
SO
70
60
50
4O
20
10
I. -SpOO/IOOnl Total Coliform-Ohio Water Supply Limit
2. - l,QOO/KX)e»l Total Coliform -Ohio Water Contact Limit
3.- 20O/1OOml Fecal Coliform -NTAC Water Contact Limit
RIVER
MILES
-------
19
As shown below, mean total colifonn (T.C.) and fecal coliform
(F.C.) densities exceeded the recommended limits for water supply and
contact recreation near the mouths of three tributary streams: Massie
Creek, Glady Run, and East Fork Little Miami River.
Massie Creek (7,000/100 ml T.C. - 1,100/100 F.C.)
Sewage from Cedarville enters Massie Creek upstream from this
sample station.
Glady Run (46,000/100 ml T.C. - 9,000/100 ml F.C.)
Part of the treated and untreated wastes from Xenia enter Glady
Run.
East Fork Little Miami River (35,000/100 ml T.C. - 7,000/100 ml F.C.)
Treated and untreated wastes from the densely settled area in
and near Milford enter the East Fork near the mouth.
Except for 1,200/100 ml in Lytle Creek, the mean total coliform
densities were less than 1,000/100 ml in the other tributaries. With
the exception of 550/100 ml at River Mile 18.3 in Caesars Creek and
265/100 ml at River Mile 1.8 in Beaver Creek, the mean fecal coliform
densities were less than the 200/100 ml primary contact limit.
CHEMICAL DATA
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Municipal and many industrial wastes contain organic matter that
is biochemically degraded and exerts an oxygen demand on the receiving
waters. In the process of biochemical degradation of organic matter
the dissolved oxygen derived from the atmosphere and photosynthesis is
-------
20
reduced. High concentrations of the oxygen-demanding matter can cause
excessive dissolved oxygen depletion, and result in a reduction of
desirable aquatic life, including fish. When wastes are strong enough
for the creation of an anaerobic condition, offensive odors result.
Dissolved oxygen standards established by the State of Ohio for
the Little Miami River include:
For Aquatic Life A
For the maintenance of a well-balanced warm-water fish popula-
tion the dissolved oxygen concentrations in the stream are to be not
less than 5-0 mg/1 during at least 16 hours of any 2U-hour period, nor
less than 3*0 mg/1 at any time.
For Aquatic Life B
For the maintenance of desirable biological growths and, in
limited reaches of the stream,for permitting the passage of fish
through the water, the dissolved oxygen concentrations are to be not
less than 2.0 mg/1 as a daily average, nor less than 1.0 mg/1 at any
time.
The average dissolved oxygen values in the Little Miami River
equaled or exceeded the standards for DO for both Aquatic Life Classes
A and B (Figure 3)• The average DO remained consistently above 5-0 mg/1
at all stations on both the main stem and the tributaries. The minimum
DO equaled or exceeded the minimun allowable 3«0 mg/1 for Class A use at
all stations. Diurnal differences in dissolved oxygen concentrations
were not significant.
-------
FIGURE 3
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
lO-i
9-
8-
7-
- 5-
111
X
o
0 3
o
g 5
B |
in j
4 $
2 w
u.
o
QC
tu
4
UJ
m
z
a:
O
cc
o
I
4
O
ce
O
u.
8
(T
O
4
00
£
tf)
4
UJ
100
I. Ohio Aquatic Life A Limit
2. Ohio Aquatic Life B Limit
90 80 70 60 50 40
RIVER MILES
30
20
10
-------
«9
2
IO 1
9 •
8-
7 -
6-
5 •
4 •
3 •
FIGURE 4
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
o
UJ
a:
u
(K
UJ
at
\ 1
z
(K
d
t
o:
o
Ul
<
o
a:
o
a.
o
o
o
a:
o
<
o
.
CE
O
U.
-------
21
Though oxygen-demanding wastes did not lower the dissolved
oxygen concentration below the levels set by State Standards, the
observed 5-day biochemical oxygen demand of the river increased in
some of the areas subjected to known waste loadings (Figure k,
Table 2).
RLver BOD's increased to an average of about 6 mg/1 below Xenia
(EM-63«7)j but remained within a relatively narrow range of from 2.5
to 3.5 mg/1 for 70 miles from the headwaters to Loveland. Along the
final 30 miles to the mouth, where population densities increased, the
BOD rose to the range of 3.2 to 5.5 mg/1.
Nutrients
The two most significant nutrients influencing biotic production
and nuisance aquatic plant growths are nitrogen and phosphorus. As
nutrient concentrations in streams increase,and if physical factors
such as turbidity, velocity, etc. are not limiting, the numbers of algal
cells increase, leading to such nuisance conditions as surface scums,
odors> and water treatment problems. There are several important
sources of nitrogen and phosphorus in the environment, including domes-
tic sewage effluents, industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, animal
and plant processing wastes, detergents, and the atmosphere. Nutrients
can also be released to the stream from bottom sediments and from decom-
posing plant and animal matter.
Although the State of Ohio has not established limits for
nutrients in the Little Miami River, a general guideline recommended by
-------
22
TABLE 2
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
DO & BOD Relationships
River
Mile
95.6
88.5
75.8
63.4
51.3
45.7
•
35.8
33.1
21.1
17.6
12.7
10.4
7.8
3.4
Flow
cfs
17
35
80
140
160
240
475
481
579
602
609
624
624
639
B£/l
LITTLE
2.8
3.*
6.4
5.8
2.6
3.1
2.5
2.6
3.3
3.6
4.2
5.4
5.3
5.1
BOD
Ibs./d&y
MIAMI RIVER
260
640
2,765
M85
2,245
4,020
7,000
7,370
10,160
12,060
13,300
19,635
18,650
18,600
Ibs.
increment
MAIH STEM
+ 380
+2,125
+1,620
-2,140
+1,775
+2,980
+ 370
+2,790
+1,900
+1,240
+6,335
- 985
- 50
DO
mg/1
9>
9.3
6.9
7.5
7.5
8.4
6.2
6.4
5.9
6.1
6.4
9.0
9-*
9.8
-------
River Flow
Mile cfB
11.1-35.8 80
11.1-32.7 20
11.1-15.5 23
11.1-11.8 23
11.1-0.7 32
23
TABLE 2
(contd)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
DO & BOD Relationships
fflg/1
EAST FK.
2.8
2.1
3.2
*.U
6.6
BOD
Ibs./day
LT. MIAMI
326
A3
U65
595
1,190
Ibs.
increment
RIVER
- 83
+ 282
+ 130
+ 595
DO
mg/1
6.7
7.0
7.3
8.1
10.8
-------
2k
the National Technical Advisory Committee on Water Quality Criteria,
is that the concentration of total phosphorus should not exceed 0.1
rag/1 in flowing streams or 0.05 rag/1 in streams that enter lakes or
reservoirs. Furthermore, the naturally occurring inorganic nitrogen
to phosphorus ratio and the concentrations of each characteristic to
clean water reaches of the stream should not be radically changed
through the addition of foreign materials.
Concentrations of nitrogen (NH_ -N and N0_ -N) and total and
soluble phosphorus in the Little Miami River during the study are shown
in Figures 5» 6, and ?•
•Except at River Mile 88.5, downstream from Clifton, phosphorus
at all main stem stations on the Little Miami River exceeded the recom-
mended maximum of 0.1 mg/1. On the East Fork, the total phosphorus con-
centrations ranged from a minimum of 0.03 mg/1 at the headwaters to 0.35
mg/1 near the confluence with the Little Miami River. In the Batavia
area, the site of the multipurpose reservoir proposed for the East Fork,
the total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.06 mg/1 to 0.13 rag/1.
On Caesars Creek, the site of the other proposed multipurpose reservoir,
the total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.03 rag/1 to 0.09 mg/1.
Because of the relatively high total phosphorus concentrations in
the Little Miami River (near or greater than the suggested upper limit
for flowing streams) and the fact that the proposed reservoirs will
impound these waters, there exists the potential of an algal nuisance
problem in the impoundments.
-------
FIGURE 5
NITROGEN (NH, -N)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
0.2O
? O.I5-
ro
I
o.io-
ui
o
O
IT
O.O5-
5
tr
o
at
UJ
UJ
CO
t r i
I, I
o
4
O
{
0.75
a:
Si
HI
<
o
a:
o
u.
o
o
o
a:
u
o
a:
o
u.
UJ
100
90
i
80
70 60 50 40
RIVER MILES
30
20
10
-------
FIGURE 6
NITROGEN (N03-N)
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
2.5 T
W U
UJ Ul
li
2 O)
a:
o
oc
in
UJ
CD
z
a:
o
ce
o
oe
10
UJ
QC
O
O
O
o
2.O-
-I
X
1.5-
IO
o
z
HI
o
§
1.0-
O.5-
o
O
z
z
CD
b
in
<
UJ
100
90
80
70
60 50
RIVER MILES
30
20
-------
FIGURE 7
ce
o
ce
1 W 1 M U. V JX/U. VSDI_ (. r HW*Jr I IWIAW*/ ^j
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY «
10-
0.9-
_,0fl-
X
0
2
0.7-
z
a
o
itO.5 •
o
a.
0.4 •
uj
CD
30.3-
o
to
(C Q2-
4
O n i
K °-'
0-
g g 5 i
til a
tf) UJ CE
U 2 UJ >
« 1 ^ 2
< < 2 2
2 5 " 0
1 1 i
LEGEND
^1
TOTAL •
j^M SOLUBLE
1-
'
ce
x ° *
cc ce
0 Z 0
U. 0 u.
z
2 1 «
o .m <
*~ o HI
1 1 1
1
•
1
1
1
'
III
R
1 1
4
l i 1.1 i i i i i
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
I. O.lmg/l NTAC Flowing Stream Limit
2. O.OSmg/1 NTAC Lake S Reservoir Limit
-------
25
Dissolved Solids, Chlorides and Sulfates
Dissolved solids, chlorides and sulfates are important in their
effectson water quality since they can impart undesirable tastes and
laxative properties to the water when present in excessive concentra-
tions. The effect on aquatic life of substances added to natural waters
is dependent on the substances already present making it difficult to
impose a numerical limit. The National Technical Advisory Committee
recommends that,to maintain local conditions, the total dissolved mate-
rial in a stream should not be increased by more than one-third of what
is characteristic of the natural conditions of such a stream nor exceed
50 milliosmoles (the equivalent of 1500 mg/1 Nad).
The State of Ohio has established a standard for total dissolved
solids for water used as a public water supply. This standard states
that the total dissolved solids concentration is not to exceed 500 mg/1
as a monthly average, nor exceed 750 mg/1 at any time. Numerical stand-
ards have not been established by the State of Ohio for chlorides and
sulfates. However, the National Technical Advisory Committee on Water
Quality Criteria has recommended that a limit of 250 mg/1 for chlorides
and sulfates not be exceeded.
Total dissolved solids concentrations in the Little Miami River
and its tributaries met the water supply standards and were well below
safe levels for aquatic life. Average concentrations ranged from 450 to
490 throughout the main stem of the Little Miami River. With the excep-
tion of the 505 rog/1 concentration in Glady Run, tributary streams con-
tained approximately 100 mg/1 less than the main stem (322 to 373).
-------
26
Average sulfate and chloride concentrations were less than one-
fourth of the 250 mg/1 limit at all stations. The maximum observed
sulfate and chloride concentrations were 68 and 38 mg/l> respectively.
Turbidity and Color
Turbidity in a raw water source is of concern in water treatment
plants where the capacity must exist to remove the turbidity adequately,
continuously and at a reasonable cost. A numerical standard for tur-
bidity for the Little Miami RLver has not been established by the State
of Ohio, However, the National Technical Advisory Committee on Water
Quality Criteria has recommended a limit of 50 Jackson units for warm
water streams and 10 Jackson units for cold water streams. For warm
water lakes the recommended limit is 25 units and for cold water lakes
the limit is 10 units. For primary contact recreational waters, the NTAC
further recommends that a Secchi disc be visible at a minimum depth of
four feet.
Most of the waters contained somewhat less than 25 Jackson tur-
bidity units. With the exception of the last sampling station at the
mouth of the Little Miami River, where turbidities averaged 26 and
reached a maximum of 52 units, the average values ranged from about 10
to 20 Jackson turbidity units.
The State of Ohio has not established a numerical limit for color
in the Little Miami River. However, it is recognized that color in
excess of 50 units in the waters may limit photosynthesis and have a
deleterious effect upon aquatic life, particularly the phytoplankton and
-------
27
benthos. Color may also be a significant problem in water treatment
operations or industrial processes. Color values averaged about 20
units in the main stem and tributaries. A minimum of ten units was
observed in the headwaters and a maximum of 35 was observed at the
mouth of the Little Miami River.
The pH standard established by the State of Ohio states that the
values are to be not less than 5-0 nor greater than 9«0 at any time.
Any pH value within the range of 6.5 to 8.5 is considered desirable for
aquatic life, water contact recreation, and public water supply. The
pH values in the Little Miami River and tributaries ranged from 5.3 to
8.8. The maximum value of 8.8 was observed in the headwaters of the East
Fork and the 5-3 minimum occurred in Glady Run downstream from Xenia.
Arsenic and Cyanide
Standards for arsenic and cyanide have been established for the
Little Miami River by the State of Ohio. Concentrations of 0.05 mg/1
for arsenic and 0.025 mg/1 for cyanide must not be exceeded at any time
for waters to be used as a source for public water supply. For aquatic
life, criteria must be based on a bioassay for each specific situation
since other factors such as D.O., temperature, and pH greatly affect
the toxic levels. The State of Ohio has established that concentrations
of toxic substances in the streams must not exceed one-tenth of the kQ-
hour TLm (Median Tolerance Limit) . Concentrations of arsenic in the
Little Miami River did not exceed the limit established; the values
ranged between 0.03 mg/1 and less than 0.01 mg/1. Concentrations of
-------
28
cyanide were less than 0.01 mg/1 at all stations in the Little Miami
River and its tributaries.
Fluoride
A maximum allowable fluoride concentration of 1.0 mg/1 has been
set by the State for waters used as a source for public water supply.
During the study the concentration of fluoride did not exceed this limit
at any station; the concentrations ranged from 0.2 mg/1 to 0.8 mg/1.
, Chromium, Lead
Maximum allowable concentrations for cadmium, chromium (hexa-
valent) and lead have been established by the State for the Little Miami
River. The following concentrations are not to be exceeded at any time
for waters used for a public water supply:
Constituent Concentration(mg/l)
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (hexavalent) 0.05
Lead 0.05
For aquatic life, concentrations are not to exceed one-tenth of the
^8-hour
The cadmium concentrations at all stations in the Little Miami
River and its tributaries were less than 0.01 mg/1. Concentrations of
total chromium were less than 0.02 mg/1 at all stations, which is less
than the allowable limit of 0.05 mg/1 for hexavalent chromium alone.
Concentrations of lead were all less than the sensitivity of the ana-
lytical method used.
-------
29
Iron, Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Oil, Phenol
Although the State of Ohio has not established standards for
the following list of constituents, limits have been recommended by
the National Technical Advisory Committee on Water Quality Criteria
for waters used as a source of public water supply. The following
table shows the recommended limit and the range observed at all sample
stations during the study period:
Recommended Limit Range Observed
Constituent _ mg/1 _ _ mg/1 _
Iron 0.3 0.2 - 1.1
Manganese 0.05 0.03 - 0.22
Copper 1.0 0.00 - 0.06
Zinc 5 < 0.01 - 0.08
Oil Absent < 1 - 96
Phenol 0.001 0.005 - 0.010
For aquatic life, the National Technical Advisory Committee
further recommends that concentrations of zinc and copper not exceed
1/100 and 1/10 of the 96- hour TLm, respectively.
Oily substances may affect fish indirectly by coating algae
and other plankton, removing a source of fish food, or directly by
coating the gills, interfering with respiration. Oil and phenolic sub-
stances may also be ingested by fish, tainting their flesh.
Concentrations of copper and zinc were less than their respec-
tive limits at all stations. Iron concentrations exceeded the 0.3 rog/1
-------
30
limit at all main stem and tributary stations with the exception of
the reach on the East Fork between Batavia and Williamsburg (EM-11.8-
32.7) where values of 0.3 or less were observed. Manganese, oil and
phenol concentrations were greater than their respective limits at all
stations.
Water quality criteria have not been established for numerous
other constituents examined during the study. These include calcium,
sodium, potassium, aluminum, nickel, total organic carbon, and chemical
oxygen demand. Concentrations are summarized in Appendix A.
BIOLOGY
Because aquatic life spans range from several months to three
years, benthic or bottom organisms are indicative of present and recent
past water quality. In an unpolluted stream, many kinds of organisms
can exist, but, because of competition for food' and space, and predation,
each kind is low in numbers of individual organisms. Clean water or pol-
lution-sensitive invertebrates such as stoneflies, hellgrammites, may-
flies, and riffle beetles usually are well represented in an unpolluted
habitat, and provide food for desirable fishes. Nutrients added to' a
clean water habitat may produce an enriched condition. Enrichment
results when increased quantities of fertilizing nutrients are added to
the water and provide for an increased growth of natural foods that will
support increased numbers of a wide variety of animals. When the
increased rate of growth of natural foods is accompanied by a correspond-
ing increase in numbers of animals capable of utilizing the food, the
-------
31
natural foods cannot affect the physical and chemical environments of
the stream. This stage of enrichment is desirable since an increased
number of preferred fish food organisms are produced and an increase in
desirable game fish occurs until the carrying capacity of the environ-
ment is reached.
As enrichment is increased, the rate of natural food production
exceeds the assimilative capacity of the animals present and the excess
natural foods begin to affect the chemical (increased rates of dissolved
oxygen production and utilization, and calcium deposition) and physical
(blanketing of animal habitats) properties of the stream.
Introduction of an organic pollutant into a stream affects the
benthic organisms present depending upon the concentration of pollutant
and the relative tolerance of the organisms. A slight amount of pol-
lutant results in a decrease in kinds and numbers of pollution-sensitive
organisms and an increase in numbers of these tolerant organisms that are
able better to adjust to the environment and to utilize the pollutant as
food.
As pollution increases to a moderate level, most or all pollution-
sensitive organisms disappear and more tolerant organisms increase in
number and occupy the areas formerly inhabited by the clean water organ-
isms.
Excessive organic pollution eliminates clean vater associated
organisms and reduces in numbers those that are intermediately tolerant.
-------
32
With reduced predation and competition, and having available a
bountiful food supply, pollution-tolerant sludgeworms increase greatly
in number in this environment. Where excessive quantities of organic
wastes begin to decompose, dissolved oxygen is reduced or eliminated,
toxic by-products of decomposition such as hydrogen sulfide are pro-
duced, and both kinds and numbers of organisms are reduced or may be
entirely eliminated.
Little Miami River
The Little Miami River upstream from Clifton, Ohio (Station 35),
supported 686 organisms per square foot with 25 kinds present in the
samples collected. Clean water organisms were well represented, 100 per
square foot, but pollution-tolerant sludgeworms were numerous (109 per
square foot). Of the 4 76 intermediate organisms collected, midges and
clams were predominant (Table 3-A). Composition of the benthic community
indicated that the area was enriched, probably by nutrients from agricul-
tural drainage. However, pollution-sensitive organisms were sufficient
in number to support a desirable sport fishery.
Downstream from Clifton (Station 33), natural processes had assim-
ilated enough of the nutrients to result in a reduction to 3^0 organisms
per square foot. Clean water organisms numbered 59 P61" square foot. Silt
deposited on the bottom supported 11^ sludgeworms per square foot but the
numbers of intermediate organisms had decreased to 166 per square foot.
The stream reach supported a fauna typical of a naturally enriched but
polluted area.
-------
SENSITIVE \
INTERMEDIATE)- TOTAL
TOLERANT /
STREAM FLOW
40-
iso-
z
o
or
o
020-
Q
Z
5
o-IO-
cr
UI
m
z 0
^™
1
%j
J
35
33
o: o:
o o
<»iii
en
I
or
o
o:
UJ
ui
m
ii
1
1
I
n
I
/
i
34 363231
tt
3029
50 40
RIVER MILES
17
t *
16 15
28 25-A 24 19 18
STATION NUMBER
FIGURE 8. NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER, APRIL- MAY 1968
t
14
13 4 3
t
2
-------
GLADY RUN (5864)
STATION
NUMBERS
MASSIE CR. (2951)
o
B
V SENSITIVE
INTERMEDIATE V TOTAL
TOLERANT
90
80
70
4
35
4
33
4444
34 363231
44
3029
50 40
RIVER MILES
44 4 444
28 25-A 24 19 18 17
30
20
444
16 15 14
10
4 44 4
13 43 2
4
I
FIGURES. NUMBER OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT, LITTLE MIAMI RIVER
-------
33
Massie Creek entered the river 6.1 miles downstream from Station
33 and supported 2,951 organisms per square foot at its mouth (Station
3U), of which 535 were sludgeworms (Table 3-A). Midges were the most
numerous of the 2,222 intermediate organisms per square foot present in
the area. Sensitive organisms numbered 19^ per square foot. Other
than the high numbers of tolerant and intermediate organisms, there was
no observable evidence of enrichment such as extensive periphyton
(attached algae) growths. However, the benthic organisms present were
typical of an unnatural community and indicative of the presence of
organic nutrients in the stream.
Shawnee Creek discharges moderately polluted water from the Xenia
area into the Little Miami (Station 36). The creek was gray in color
and had the odor of sewage. The benthic community consisted of five
kinds of organisms numbering 56^- per square foot. No sensitive organisms
were present and blackflies were predominant among the intermediate organ-
isms. Pollution-tolerant sludgeworms numbered 101 per square foot.
In the Little Miami River upstream from the confluence with Beaver
Creek (Station 32), the effects of Shawnee Creek were evident for a dis-
tance of about one mile (Figures 8 and 9). A total of 937 organisms per
square foot were collected. Midges, numbering over 600 per square foot,
were predominant in the area, but pollution-sensitive stoneflies, may-
flies and caddisflies were also present. The high number of intermediate
organisms was indicative of an unnatural community associated with the
enriched pollution recovery zone of a stream.
-------
Beaver Creek (Station 31, Figure 1-A) vas enriched, apparently
by agricultural drainage. No known sources of domestic wastes dis-
charge to the stream. The stream bed, covered with mats of periphyton
and rooted aquatic vegetation, supported 502 organisms per square foot.
Sensitive and pollution-tolerant organisms were smaller in number than
intermediate organisms, an indication of an unbalanced community
(Figure 9 and Table 3-A). Midges, blackflies and isopods were present
on rocks on the bottom. The benthic community was typical of an enriched
situation.
Glady Run (Station 30) flowing into the Little Miami upstream
from Spring Valley was slightly polluted. The benthic community con-
sisted of 5,864 organisms per square foot of which 3,136 were sludge-
worms. Midges, isopods and scuds were numerous (Table 3-A).
With the polluted water of Glady Run entering the Little Miami,
the river downstream from Spring Valley (Station 29) supported a benthic
community typical of a slightly polluted zone- 16 kinds of benthic organ-
isms averaging U8l per square foot were collected (Figure 9)• Sludge-
worms, with a population of kOO per square foot, comprised the majority
of the bottom organisms. Downstream 12.1 miles (Station 28), water
quality in the Little Miami improved. Twenty kinds of organisms were
present at a density of 536 per square foot. Sludgeworm numbers were
reduced to 9^- per square foot. Sensitive and intermediate organisms
numbered 87 and 355 per square foot, respectively, which is sufficient
to support desirable game fish. Farther downstream (Station 24), the
Little Miami had recovered from the effects of organic pollution
-------
35
introduced upstream. The stream supported 25 kinds of organisms total-
ing U68 per square foot (Figures 8 and 9). Caddisflies and mayflies
were abundant (Table 3-A).
The Little Miami from Morrow, Ohio (Station 18), to South Lebanon
(Station 17)(Figure 1-A) was unpolluted as indicated by bottom organisms.
Twenty-eight and 27 kinds of benthic organisms numbering 3^2 and 359 per
square foot, respectively, were present at these stations. A slightly
turbid water supported a total of 165 and 180 preferred fish food organ-
isms per square foot such as stoneflies, mayflies, caddisflies, and
riffle beetles (Tables 8 and 9)• The benthic communities were indicative
of a clean water environment.
O'Bannon Creek enters the Little Miami at mile point 23.6 (Station
16)(Figure 1-A). The creek supported 20 kinds of organisms numbering 137
per square foot. Stoneflies were predominant of the sensitive organisms
present and pollution-tolerant organisms were low in number; this indi-
cated acceptable water quality for aquatic life.
Samples of the benthic community downstream from Loveland (Station
15) contained 287 organisms per square foot and 2k kinds. Midges were
predominant in the benthic community. Pollution-sensitive fish food
organisms were low in number, 70 per square foot, but the stream reach
should be capable of supporting a recreational fishery. The total ben-
thic community was one which would be expected to be found in enriched
waters.
-------
36
Approximately four miles dovnstream from Station 15, the Little
Miami near Miamiville supported a benthic community typical of
enriched environment (Station 1^). Midges were predominant. Mayflies
and caddisflies were numerous, while pollution-tolerant organisms were
not (Table 2-A) .
Downstream from Milford and upstream from its confluence with the
East Fork, the Little Miami River supported 22 kinds of invertebrates
numbering 337 per square foot (Station 13). Snails and sludgeworms were
predominant in the area, characteristics of a slightly polluted environ-
ment. Pollution-sensitive mayflies and caddisflies were present but not
numerous (Table 2-A).
Two miles downstream from Milford (Station 3), the river's water
quality was improved. Twenty-one kinds of organisms numbering 165 per
square foot were collected. Sludgeworms were reduced from 125 upstream
near Milford to one per square foot in this reach. Sensitive organisms
numbered 130 per square foot. Mayflies and caddisflies were numerous.
Small-mouth bass were noted in this reach indicating that the stream
was able to support desirable fishes.
Evidence of enrichment was noted in the stream near Newtown
(Station 2). Invertebrates numbered 79^ per square foot. Sensitive
organisms numbered ^95 per square foot with caddisflies being predomi-
nant. Blackflies comprised the majority of the intermediate organisms;
252 organisms per square foot were found.
-------
37
Three and a half miles upstream from the confluence of the Little
Miami River with the Ohio River the stream appeared to be enriched.
Rocks on the bottom had black undersides, an indication of decomposing
organic materials and a sludge bed was noted at the mouth of Duck Creek
located just upstream from the sampling station. However, the benthic
community was composed of moderate numbers of mayflies, riffle beetles,
and midges, an indication of fair quality water. An improved quality of
water would have supported larger numbers of pollution-sensitive stone-
flies, mayflies and caddisflies. Water flowing from the Little Miami to
the Ohio was enriched at this point.
Caesars Creek
Caesars Creek flows into the Little Miami downstream from Station
28 at River Mile 51.0 (Figure 1-A). The stream had clear water flowing
over small rocks and coarse gravel at the upstream sampling station
(Station 27). Agricultural drainage provided sufficient nutrients to
support 170 sludgeworms per square foot, which were the predominant organ-
isms present. Stoneflies and mayflies, although present, were not numer-
ous (Table 3-A).
Anderson Fork, flowing into Caesars Creek (Station 26) had a low
number of organisms (Figure 10). The slow moving clear water supported
Stoneflies, mayflies, and caddisflies, an indication of clean water con-
ditions.
Caesars Creek downstream from Harveysburg received some enrichment
(Station 25). The effects of this enrichment were primarily nutritional
-------
38
and resulted in an increase of sensitive and intermediate organisms to
628 and 768 per square foot, respectively, and tolerant organisms to
only ^0 per square foot.
At the mouth of Caesars Creek the stream water was good quality.
Both the number of organisms and number of kinds were high (Figures 10
and 11). Pollution-sensitive stoneflies, mayflies, hellgranimites and
caddisflies were present in the area sampled, an indication of clean
water.
Todd Fork
Todd Fork in its headwaters supported a diverse benthic community
of 29 kinds of organisms numbering 3?8 per square foot. Algal streamers
in the riffle areas were one to two feet in length and intermediate
organisms were predominant, an indication of abundant nutrients in the
water. The low number of tolerant organisms was an indication that
enrichment was not severe.
Lytle Creek added nutrient-rich waters to Todd Fork as evidenced
by the 2,OU6 organisms per square foot present at Station 22 (Figure 10).
Intermediate organisms numbered 1,965 per square foot. Water in the
creek was clear, but the undersides of rocks were black in color, an
indication of decomposing material. Algae covered the stream bottom and
large numbers of rough fish were observed in the area. Lytle Creek was
slightly polluted at its mouth.
Cowan Creek, flowing into Todd Fork downstream from the confluence
of Todd Fork with Lytle Creek, was enriched. Blackflies numbering 202
-------
1 I*" JC^Oi . , i _ v
LYTLE CR. (2046) WC \. ___.,
ry K|y INTERMEDIATED- TOTAL
S By TOLERANT/
b
600-
,_ 500-
O
0
u.
UJ
< 400-
O
or
UJ
°- 300-
ir
UJ
m
Z)'
"* 200-
100-
/
£
in
(0
0)
•Mi
|
.
COWAN
1 CR.
TODD FORK
F
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
|
1
' ^ ^
: y K
•
-600
(1436)
ay
CO
CM
(0
»^\
V
V
^
&
* w
^•^•i
00
(0
-500 CAESAR CREEK
-400
-300
-200
-100
.
—
p
ANDERSON
i^™
1
^
D FORK ^
^
20 10 0 20 10 0
STREAM MILES FLOW + STREAM MILES FLOW *
STATION NUMBERS 232221 20 19 2726 25 25-A
FIGURE K). NUMBER OF ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT , TODD FORK AND CAESAR CREEK
-------
)- SENSITIVE^V
INTERMEDIATED- TOTAL
y
TOLERANT/
40-
1 30-
5
u.
O
£ 20-
m
S
Z>
"Z.
10-
TODD FORK
_ _ i
*u ^C
i — i w
1 •» •
_
\
f- _l
< K
o -J
1
m
7
\
.
^
7
/
I
"1
^
X
r J
—
i
_
1 i
_40 CAESAR
-30
CREEK
oc.
o
Ifc.
^
MM
O
o: r~l
-20
f™"™
.,„ |
, -i
20 10 0 20
STREAM MILES FLOW * STREAM
t t t t t t
232221 20 19 27
UJ
Q
Z
.
4
4
••
7
1
—
i
\
1 1
10 0
MILES FLO
t
\A/ k
'W ^
t t
26 25 25-A
STATION NUMBERS STATION NUMBERS
FIGURE II. NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS, TODD FORK AND CAESAR CREEK
-------
39
per square foot were predominant in the stream indicating conditions
favorable to these intermediate organisms. However, the creek sup-
ported 592 organisms per square foot, 285 per square foot being pol-
lution- sensitive.
Downstream from Clarksville, Todd Fork was improved. A diverse
benthic community of 33 kinds numbering 263 organisms per square foot
indicated the stream was in good condition (Figures 10 and 11). Near
the confluence of Todd Fork with the Little Miami, the stream supported
stoneflies, hellgrammites, mayflies, caddisflies, and riffle beetles
numbering 114 per square foot. Total number of kinds of invertebrates
collected was 31. Water from Todd Fork was not degraded for aquatic
life when it entered the Little Miami.
East Fork
The East Fork of the Little Miami was surveyed from its confluence
to a point upstream from Lynchburg, Ohio (Stations k through 12)(Figure
1-A). At Station 12 (River Mile 7^«l) water in the stream was clear and
27 kinds of benthic invertebrates numbering 400 per square foot were
present (Table 2-A). Abundant growths of periphyton covered the bottom
of the stream and were probably supported by the introduction of nutrients
from agricultural drainage. Such nutrients produced conditions favorable
to intermediate and tolerant benthic organisms resulting in larger numbers
compared to the more sensitive kinds. However, because of the diversity
of organisms present, the stream appeared to be in good condition and
capable of supporting adequate populations of desirable fish.
-------
ko
Downstream from Lynchburg (Station 11, River Mile ?0.9) a wide
variety of benthic invertebrates was collected, 36 kinds numbering
337 per square foot. Pollution-Sensitive stoneflies, mayflies, caddis-
flies, and riffle beetles were present; all were suitable fish food
organisms. This reach of stream was satisfactory for production of
aquatic life.
At Station 10 (River Mile 5^-7) downstream from Fayetteville,
sensitive organisms, predominantly riffle beetles, numbered 1^9 per
square foot. A silty bottom provided suitable habitat for a moderate
number of sludgeworms. However, the number of sensitive organisms
present in this reach indicated the stream was not affected by pollu-
tion.
A decrease in the number of organisms downstream from Williams-
burg, compared to those upstream (Stations 8 and 9) (Figures 12 and 13) j
was probably due to the presence of a small impoundment upstream from
sampling Station 8. The impoundment reduced the velocity of stream
flow and six to ten inches of silt had covered the bottom. The presence
of 12 sensitive and 12 intermediate kinds of benthic organisms number-
ing 26 and 27 per square foot, respectively, (Table 2-A) was an indica-
tion that the stream was not degraded for aquatic life.
Clean water conditions existed 17-5 miles downstream at Station 7
(River Mile 15.5), upstream from Batavia. Thirty-one different kinds of
bottom organisms totaling 128 per square foot were found at this station.
The benthic community contained a number of blackflies, 26 per square
-------
hi
foot, reflecting some enrichment, but the presence of stoneflies, may-
flies, and caddisflies indicated that water quality was good.
The river downstream from Batavia (Station 6, River Mile 9-*0
had 21 kinds of organisms numbering 122 per square foot. Benthic
organisms sensitive to pollution were reduced from 16 kinds upstream
from Batavia to six kinds downstream. Pollution-sensitive stoneflies,
mayflies, and caddisflies were low in numbers. Snails, clams, and
sludgeworms were the most abundant organisms in the area sampled. The
benthic community was characteristic of a slightly polluted stream.
Between Batavia and the confluence of the East Fork with the
Little Miami, Stonelick Creek enters the stream (Station 5> Figure 1-A),
Water in Stonelick Creek was clear and swift flowing. The benthic com-
munity was diverse with 17 of the 30 kinds of organisms present being
sensitive to pollution. The water quality was unsuitable for aquatic
life near its confluence.
The East Fork one mile upstream from its confluence with the
Little Miami was a slow-moving, silty stream. Bottom muds were oily in
appearance and odor, and gray in color, indicative of organic pollution.
The benthic community was characteristic of a slightly polluted area
with low numbers of mayflies, caddisflies, and beetles (Table 2-A).
This stream reach had the lowest number of kinds of organisms as well
as the lowest total number of organisms compared to the other stations
sampled in the East Fork subbasin (Figures 12 and 13).
-------
)-SENSITIVE
INTERMEDIATE >- TOTAL
TOLERANT
t
12
t
STREAM FLOW
// ^
20
*
cc
o
*
o
_j
UJ
I
(/>
50 40 30
STREAM MILES
t t t
10 98
SAMPLING STATIONS
FIGURE 12. NUMBER OF KINDS OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS
EAST FORK, LITTLE MIAMI RIVER, APRIL - MAY 1968
t T t
7 65
T
4
-------
400-
O
o
u.
o
c/>
tr
a:
LU
m
300-
200-
100-
SENSITIVE
INTERMEDIATED TOTAL
TOLERANT,
60
STREAM FLOW
t
10
50 40 30
STREAM MILES.
't t
9 8
STATION NUMBER
7
a:
o
t t
6 5
t
4
FIGURE 13.NUMBER OF BOTTOM ORGANISMS PER SQUARE FOOT, EAST
FORK LITTLE MIAMI RIVER APRIL-MAY 1968.
-------
APPENDIX A
-------
APIEHDIX A
TABLE 1-A
REFERENCE POINT LOCATIONS
Little Miami River
STATION NO. DESCRIPTION MILEAGE FROM MOUTH
Mouth Little Miami River 0
1 Beechmont Bridge 3.1*-
Duck Creek Enters 3.8
2 Nevtown Road Bridge 7.8
3 Roundbottom Rd. across from Terrace Park ID.h
East Fork Little Miami Enters 11.1
k Co. Rd. 113 Bridge East Fk. Lt. Miami 11.1-0.7
Stonelick Creek Enters 11.1-8.6
5 U.S. 50 Bridge, Stonelick Cr. 11.1-8.6-1.0
6 Ohio 222 Bridge, E. Fk. Lt. Miami 11.1-11.8
Batavia STP 13.2
7 Ohio 222 Bridge, E. Fk. Lt. Miami 11.1-15-5
Cloverlick Creek Enters 11.1-27.0
8 Co. Rd. 131 Bridge near Ohio 32 11.1-32.7
Williamsburg
9 Co. Rd. 80 Bridge 11.1-35.8
10 Ohio 131 Bridge 11.1-5^.7
Fayetteville
11 Co. Rd. T-120 Bridge near U.S. 50 11.1-70.9
Lynchburg STP
12 From Ohio 13U Upstream from Lynchburg 11.1-74.1
-------
TABLE 1-A (Contd.)
REFERENCE POINT LOCATIONS
Little Miami River
STATION NO. DESCRIPTION MILEAGE FROM MOUTH
13 Milford Bridge, U. S. 50 12.7
Milford S.T.P. 13.3
14 By Pass 50 & Ohio 126 near Miamiville 17.6
15 Branch Hill - Guinea Pike Bridge 21.1
O'Bannon Creek Enters 23.6
16 Hutchinson Rd. Br., O'Bannon Cr. 23.6-2.0
17 Ohio 48 Bridge near So. Lebanon 33.1
18 Stubbs Rd. Bridge off U.S. 22 8= Ohio 3 35.8
Todd Fork Enters 38.4
19 Blackhawk Rd. Br., Todd Fk. 38.4-1.8
20 Ohio 350 Bridge, Todd Fk. 38.14-14.4
Cowan Creek Enters 38.4-17.0
21 Co. Rd. T-35 Br., Cowan Cr. 38.4-17.0-0.5
Lytle Creek Enters 38.4-18.5
22 Co. Rd. T-35 - Clarksville Rd. Br. 38.4-18.5-0.6
23 U.S. 22 So Ohio 3 Bridge, Todd Fk. 38.4-19.5
24 Wilmington Rd. Br. near 1-71 45.7
Caesar Creek Enters 51-0
25-A Mouth of Caesar Cr., Corwin Rd. Br. 51.0-0.2
25 Middletown Rd. Br., Caesar Cr. 51.0-6.2
Anderson Fork Enters 51.0-13.7
-------
44
TABLE l-A(Contd.)
REFERENCE POINT LOCATIONS
Little Miami River
STATION NO. DESCRIPTION MILEAGE FROM MOUTH
26 Ohio 380 Br., Anderson Fk. 51-0-13.7-0.2
27 Ohio 380 Br., Caesar Cr. 51.0-18.3
28 Waynesville-Corwin Rd. Br. 51-3
29 -U.S. 42 Bridge downstream from Spring Valley 63. 4
Glady Run Enters 63.7
30 Co. Rd. 144 Br., Glady Run 63.7-1.1
Beaver Creek Enters 72.6
31 Old U.S. 35 Br., Beaver Cr. 72.6-1.8
32 Old U.S. 35 at Trebein 75-8
Shawnee Creek Enters 76.7
36 Ohio 380 Br. near Xenia, Shawnee Cr. 76.7-0.1
Massie Creek Enters 79-9
34 U.S. 68 Br. near Trebein, Massie Cr. 79.9-0.2
33 Near Ohio 343, downstream from Clifton 88.5
North Fork Little Miami River 92.1
35 SeLm Pike Br. upstream from Clifton 95.6
-------
FIGURE I-A
DETAIL MAP
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER STUDY
OHIO
YELLOW
SPRINGS
CLIFTON
S.CHARLESTOWN
KETTERING
EDENTON \
Stonelick
Lake FAYETTEVILLE
MASON
MONTGOMERY (•',
O 2 4 6 8 IO 12
-------
TABU: 2-A
!1ENTHIC ORGANISMS COLLECTFn AT STATIONS 1-17
Appn, - MAY 1968
Little Miami River "nsln
Sensitive Qrgpalmm*
Tributaries East Fork
River Mile J.U T.b 10. k 0.7 6.6- y.k 15.5 32-7 55.1. 5^.7 70.9
1.0
Station Ho. 1 2 3 ' 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Stonefllas (Plecoptera)
laoperl* ----9 - q 9 1 1 1
Aeroneurla ----192(11088
H«au» . . - . Q . 9 "91
Lauctra - - • "9 " ... - _
Mayflies (Ephenaroptera)
C..nl. 4.1 1 3 U 3 l Q 3- 9
St«nonraa 83015331J5521
Hipta^enla 2 -2 -1 -111- 1
IJAeaera ..--! .x . j .
Par«ltptopbl«blA . ..-.(j-..._-
Ephmrtll* .-.----! u Q 9
CaldlaflUa (Trlchopter.)
C«.»«a\to»iy«b« l» 261 69 1 9 5 li 9 9 10 2
Ijirosirh. UHU9 ---Q --96
Acnyla* -..-.I, . . j . i
CM»rra ...... j --11
PiychaavU ........ 9 .
Toljrcvmtrapui ...-Q _Q ...
•Mtl*. (CoUoyur*)
»M»«» - 2-
5t.~l»l. U 11 Ik 1 1 1 8 5 18 101 26
fnilim -11 -1 -1173kl
AKjrmvi ...---..-.
Ii11|ii«^l li (Mcalcpterm)
Carjfclu. .....-., --
AfKtl. Hotha (Lavldoptan)
llofklla -1 .......Q
ClAm* (rala«na
-------
TABIF. ?-A («ntd.)
prrrmir ow.A'USMS txav.-rm AT UTA
AP»IL - 'IAV 19*3
Mttle Miami (Pelecypoda)
SphHrilda*
platworms (Pl&narla)
Subtotal Ko./sq. ft.
Subtotal Kinds
1 J 3 • 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Ik 15 16 17
8-1---818 .... 8888
1---8-1-- 1-8 1- - -1
- - - - 1
252 - - Q 1 26 1 2 15 32 1 U 19 15 Q *t
Q Q Q 1 1*2 3 U 1 1 Q 195 237 "*0 2$k ICE 8 65
SftlQQllll -Q3 111 • 7 '
. 6 9 11 ?3 - b --1 -Q - • -6 -I,
18 - - 1 -5 ----11
1 - i 18 • 1---2
Q IT 1 k - - 1-1 -- - -2k Ik
1-11 10 8 -18 82 3 k8 1
9 -58>-l
88-811 116 8-8 k 1
-.--!- ... -j
Q-18818 81 - 183 -1
« - - 1 35 1* « 1 kl 8 5k 2 6 1 8
20 7 12 3k 7 17 3k 1 - - -
25 298 3k kk 6k 85 61 27 52 56 257 295 13k 3O7 197 108 lk2
10 8 U 9 12 12 Ik 12 15 U 21 Ik 13 10 Ik 8 Ik
- OrgmnliM »ot collected quantltetlTtly, *rbitp.wlljr glvvn valu* of on* for eoqnxtlng.
-------
TABLE 2-A (Contd.)
BENTHIC ORGANISMS COLLECTED AT STATIOHS 1-1?
APRIL - MAY 1968
Little Miami River Basin
Tolerant Organisms
Tributaries
River Mile 3^ 7-8 10.U
East Fork
0.7 8.6- 9
1.0
^ 15.5 -32.7 35.8 5^-7 70-9 7^.1
12.7 17.6 21.1
0 'Bannon
Creek
23.6-
2.0
33.1
Station No.
678
10 11 12 13 lU 15 16 17
Snails (Pelecypoda)
Physa .___!__. ___-_ =
Roundvorms (Nematodes) - -_.-..-- - 1 - - - 1
Leeches (Hirudinea) - - - _ - 1 - Q 1 Q _ . . .
Sludgevorms (Oligochaeta) 13 1 1 21 15 20 25 30 36 Ik 16 63 125 2 19
Subtotal No./Sq. Ft. 13 1 1 21 15 22 25 31 37 75 17 63 125 2 20
Subtotal Kinds 1 11113122 2 1 1 1 1 1
-
Q
6 37
6 37
1 1
Grand Total No./Sq. Ft. 130 79^ 165 75 101 122 128 8k ikk 280 337 MX) 337 360 287 137 359
Number of Kinds 19 19 21 16 30 21 31 26 Jk 27 36 27 22 18 2k 20 27
Q = Organisms not collected quantitatively, arbitrarily
given value of one for computing.
-------
1*8
TABLE 3-A
BEliTinC ORGANISMS COLLECTED AT STATIONS 18 - 36
APRIL - MAY 1968
Little Miami River Basin
Sensitive Organisms
Tributaries
River Mile 35-8
Station No. 18
Stoneflles (Plecoptera)
laoperla
Acroneurla 3
Nemoura 1
eop aaganophora
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
Caenls
Stenonema 27
Ephemera
Baetli 9
Ephetnerella
Caddisflies (Trlchoptera)
Cheumatopsyche 56
Hydropsyche U8
Agraylea
Psychonyia
Hellcopsyche
Lepldostoma
Beetles (Coleoptera)
Agabue
Stenelmls 15
Psephenua 3
Hellgreimnltes (Megaloptera)
Corydalis
Aquatic Moths(Lepidoptera)
Elophlla
Subtotal No./Sq. Ft. 165
Subtotal Kinds 9
Todd Fork Caesar Creek Gla
Ru
1.8 lit. It 17.0- lb.5- 19. 'j >t5.7 0.2 6.2 13.7- 1U.O 51.3 63.lt 6
0.5 0.6 0.2
19 20 21 22 23 2lt 25A 25 26 27 28 29
1 ft Iftft - 1- - - - Q
8 1 27-1 1 18 12--
2 - H-Q-H----Q
13 -32 ---!---
It ft Ift336 2 120 10. 36 ft
-1 . . _ - - it l (J - -
IJt 8 22 6 2 13 lit 2U 12 2 ft
12 19 1 36 19 6U 1 20 21 -
7 13 - - - 36 it 8 - 5 3 -
1- - - i .......
1- --1 Q-
9
It
It5 8 3U 39 3 7 23 3UU 8 5 23 -
U It 6 11 33 - -12 .-i-
Qft ---QQ--1--
11U 62 285 6lt 50 13U 'ft 628 13 60 87 5
15 13 9 7 12 11 12 9 6275
dy Beaver Hassle Shavnee
n :reek Creek CrteV.
3.7- 72.6- 75.8 86.0 79-9- 95.8 76.7-
1.1 1.8 0.2 0.1
30 31 32 33 3k 35 36
3 1 - ...
18 5 8 Q 8 -
ft - ft 1
i k - - -
13
56 28 16 6 59 15
It5 l» 6 3 20 15 -
56 - U - 6 - -
11 ... l»
1 ...
29 7 1
11 Q ...
ti 1O 7H lil
8 2 28 13 - •
ft ...
Ihl 5lt 136 59 19U 100 0
7 5 1U 10 880
Q = Organisms not collected quantitatively, arbitrarily given value of one for computing.
-------
TAT1E *-A (Hontd.)
T.:rmr nunAnisH) rouErren AT STATIOTS i" - 16
Anm. - MAY 1968
T.ittle Miami River nasin
Intermediate Organisms
Tributaries
River Mile 35.8
•?odd Fork
1.8 U.U :•;.(:• 1.-.-V. 1".'.
0.!> 1>.U
^5.7
Caeaar Creek
0.2 6.2 1J.7- lk.0
0.2
Iaarty
Hun
51.} 1}.l. C>3.7-
1.1
B«aver
Cr»*fc
7?.f"
!.."•
75.8 86.0
Hassle
Creek
79. 0-
0.?
•15.8
Shawnee
Creek
76.7-
0.1
18 19 20 21 22 23 2U 25A 25 26 27 28 29 30
35
Duuclf ll«s ( Zygoptert)
M" ion
Arc la
Crane Files (Tlpnllda*)
TlpuU
HnttCM
Dr*aonfli.»i (Anlaoptcra)
OoMphu
Blidrfliti (SlamlldM)
SlaUlltaB
ProalMullua
Bltln« Hldfaa (Caratopogonlda*)
Batila
NUcaa (Tmdipodlda.)
Bp4nl«toa»
Pratanavra
Taaytarava
Tolypadllna
Cr^ntHLu
Crleotoinu
Chin-,—.
lUcrot.n41l.il
TanjTOdinaa
Brill*
aaoda (AQhlpoda)
at.^
Sovtraga (laopoda)
Aadlu
Llreaaa
Daaoa KLlaa (Etapldldjw)
Eona niaa (TaDanldM)
CrajrfUh (Dacapola)
Llapvta (Oaatropoda)
aullJ (Oaitropoda)
Lla«l*z
ClUai (PeXtcypodaO
SpJ^Tlld*.
T\i\— IM (Pl^nan*)
NMetel (a./>«. ft.
HMatel tln4a
14SQ3- - k
11. -.1. ..
17 29 l 162 3 4 k 10 96
1010lU04-.8k
4 k 4 - Ifl - k
31 77 83 82 12U 2k6 188 116 372 8
359 -lit 8k 20 60 1
55---lkk-l5
57 ""8 50 4 Ik 18 66 - 20
3 - - 8 3 3
Ik 7 700 Ik - Z5k
3-k-lkkk9J2-
4 - - -
44
4. 48. .4 .. 1
1 ....
4l'22--44- 4
1-61- --
138k-..21208
2361--1- -
14-1 - - 4 ...
150 225 181 306 1965 327 330 k51 768 30
18151711101612118 7
4 - - 11
11 3
14946
4 30 . 4 4
3 - k5 -
25 263 29 1019 2k9
2 10 4 56 28
112
5 28 4 168
2 - 291
8 - 2 168
2 4 67 -
.
4 11 4 3k 113
4 - k
4 1 - - -
.
5 Z7 4 - 4
15 1 - 11
1 - - 4 -
66 355 76 2535 M6
12 12 10 18 9
Q * Q ~
2 - - 1
1-7
29 - 190 k
9 - 182 3
867
588 51 1299 259
k2 10 56 50
3 . -
28 k k2 Ik
28 18 112 7
- 28
7 - 112
^4 21 1B2 21
.
.
3
3
k 1
4 - - 1
k
7 6 « k
1 k3 8 91
2
79? 166 2222 k76
15 U Ik 15
-
-
56
562
25
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
•
-
-
kO.
J
. OrgaalaM net eoll»et«d
-------
TABU; 3-A (Contd.)
BEBTHIC ORGANISMS COLLECTED AT STATIONS 18 - 36
APRIL - MAY 1968
Little Miami River Basin
Tolerant Organisms
Tributaries
River Mile 55.8
Todd Fork
1.8 11*. U 17.0- 18.5- 19.5
0.5 0.6
1*5.7
Caesar Creek
0.2 6.2 13.T- 1U.O
0.2
51-3 63.U
Clady
Run
63.7-
1.1
Beaver
Creek
72.6-
1.8
75.8 86.0
Hassle
Creek
79-9-
0.2
•95.6
Shawnee
Creek
76.7-
0.1
Station No. 18 19
Bloodworms ( Chiror.oraus )
Snails (Pelecypoda)
Lymnaea
Roundvorms (Nematodes)
Leeches (Hirudinea) - Q
Sludgevorms (Oligochaeta) 27 7
Subtotal No./Sq. Ft. 27 &
Subtotal Kinds 1 1
Grand Total No./Sq. Ft. 31*2 31*7
Number of Kinds 28 31
20 21 22 23 21* 25A 25
-
-
2 - 3 ...
Q Q
17 i Ik i 3 - 1*0
20 1 17 1 1* 0 1*0
3121 201
263 592 2C46 378 1*68 51*8 11*36
33 21 19 29 25 23 18
26 27 28 29 30
.
Q
11
Q
12 170 91* 1*00 3136
12 171 91* !*00 311*6
11113
55 2)7 536 1*81 586U
11* 15 20 16 28
31 32
-
-
-
Q
1*2 6
1*2 7
1 2
502 937
15 31
33 31*
-
-
-
-
Ill* 535
111* 535
1 1
31*0 2)51
22 23
35
-
-
-
1
109
110
2
686
25
36
1*2
-
-
-
101
1U3
2
56U
5
Q = Organisms not collected quantitatively, arbitrarily
given value of one for computing.
VI
O
-------
TABI£ 4-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI P.TVEK SYSTEM
Water Temperature, °C
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
.18
24.0
24.2
24.3
21.8
18.0
24.6
24.2
24.4
24.0
16.0
17-5
16.0
24.0
23.0
23,0
12.5
22.0
2^.0
27.0
27.0
27.5
27.0
27.0
26.5
26.5
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.0
25.0
?s.n
20.0
20.0
19-5
20.0
20.0
20.0
19-0
19.0
20.0
19.0
19.0
18.0
18.0
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
&
35
13.0
12.5
_ 16.0
16.0
16.0
12.5
13-5
10.5
16.5
14.0
11.5
15-5
18.0
11.0
11.5
14.5
1^.«5
16.0
21.0
v_n
H
15.0
-------
TABLE 5-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
> 9.8
9.4
> 9.0
> 10.2
10.6
8.1
7.3
7.0
6.7
8.4
12.0
13-0
6.4
6.1
5-9
8.0
6.4
6.2
> 15.0
12.0
> 15.0
> 15.0
11.2
9-2
8.0
9.8
10.2
9.2
8.5
8.6
8.7
6.0
6.2
6.3
7-9
5.8
5.6
4.8
5.0
k.Q
k.Q
3.0
4.2
U.n
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3^
35
13.0
ll.l
10.1
12.8
12.2
B.k
10.6
10.4
11.6
12.5
7-5
7-5
6.6
6.8
6.9
9.3
9.4
q.U
8.3
VJ
l\
3.0
-------
TABIE 6-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 2-day, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
.18
3-3
3.3
3.3
4.o
2.7
1.8
1.3
1.7
2.3
2A
1.8
1A
1.3
6.5
5.6
5.1
5.5
3.1
2.9
1.9
2.6
4.3
6A
3A
3-3
1,8
1.6
1A
l.t
3-0
1.8
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.0
1.1
0.8
0.6
0.5
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
1.8
1A
3-0
0.8
2.9
2.1
1.6
:i-2
VJ1
U)
0.1
-------
TABLE 7-A
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5-Day, mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
5-1
5-3
5.4
> 6.6
4.4
3-2
2.1
2.8
4.2
3.6
3-3
2.6
2.5
8.0
8.3
7-9
> 8.2
5-3
5-0
3-0
4.0
7-4
5-6
5.2
5-2
1.6
2.6
3.0
3.2
5-2
3.^
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.0
1.2
1.2
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
3-1
2.6
5-8
1.9
6.4
3.4
2.0
3-0
V.
0.6
VJl
-------
TABI£ 8-A
STATION
LITTUS MIAMI PIVEB SYSTEM
PH
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
.18
8.2
8A
8.5
8.1
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.8
8.7
7-5
7.8
7-5
8.2
7.6
7.7
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.3
8.5
8.5
8A
8.6
8.3
8.2
8.4
8.2
8.2
7.0
8.0
8.0
7.8
8.0
8.0
7-9
7.8
5-6
6.5
5-6
6.7
7.3
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
8.5
8.1
8A
8.1
R.I
7-8
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.0
7-7
7-5
7-5
7-6
8.2
7-9
8.0
... .-..,,,7.9
8.3
VJ
VJ
5.3
-------
TABI£ 9-A
STATION
LITTIZ MIAMI RIVEB SYSTEM
Total Coliform. MF/100 ml
AVG
MAX
MEN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
llf
15
16
17
18
17,728
4,694
13.597
35,174
460
762
736
1.031
1,618
644
6,072
1,644
18.869
82,720
43.747
283
11.315
12,237
253,000
44.000
39,000
70,000
kfin
5,100
3,900
4.100
28,000
700
8,200
3,200
63.000
490,000
79,000
420
S8rOOO
66,000
1,100
1.000
4,800
9,500
U2n
300
320
560
360
560
3,900
960
6.700
23,000
25,000
180
1,200
2,500
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
203
289
528
1,245
2S^
18,986
354
415
835
1,536
10,770
45.562
470
11,625
465
firq?4
1,173 '
260
350
1,000
3,000
soo
28.000
920
2,000
2.300
13,800
17,000
104.000
3,100
174,000
900
2OXOOO
5,200
160
230
230
700
180
13,000
150
v^
C
120
230
100
7,700
25.000
160
1,850
320
1,600
500
-------
TABI£ 10-A
LITTIB MIAMI PIVEB SYSTEM
Fecal Coliform, MF/100 ml
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
2,832
1,251
2,766
6,9^9
67
260
138
163
4o4
327
1,080
601
3,865
15,628
6,160
64
2,246
1,565
33,000
7,600
8,500
19,000
142
1,180
2,200
420
13,500
330
1,500
770
8,900
140,000
23,000
80
22,000
23,000
150
350
990
1,300
34
100
5^
115
5^
320
560
470
84o
^,500
1,300
56
590
310
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
27
58
97
13^
71
1,69^
117
—
260
5^6
513
2,067
9,013
265
1,806
119
1,052
264
kQ
L 68
460
280
98
3,000
250
_
1,300
1,400
13,000
3,900
48,000
1,900
40,000
34o
3,100
800
18
50
30
90
50
1,130
85
V
100
13^
50
1,200
3,000
40
350
64
150
70
-------
TABLE 11-A
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Nitrogen (HII0-N), mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
0.0k
o.ok
0.05
0.12
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.05
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.16
0.07
0.09
0.05
o.ok
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.21
0.05
0.05
0.08
0.06
0.16
0.33
0.10
O.OQ
0.08
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.0k
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.07
0.02
n.m
0.02
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
2?
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
_
_
0.03
0.62
0.03
0.1^
o.ok
0.01
0.01
—
0.22
0.75
0.12
0.02
0.03
0.02
n.o£
0.04
0.19
>
0.08
cx>
-------
TAB1E 12-A
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Nitrogen (NO?N). mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ifc
15
16
17
18
0.9
0-9
1.0
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.2
< 0.2
1.5
_
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.6
1.5
2.1
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.2
< 0.1
< 0.1
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.3
2.2
2.8
2.7
0.8
0.9
0.6
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
< 0.1
0.7
1.0
0.9
1.5
1.5
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
-
_
2.5
1.9
2.6
1.8
1-7
. 1.2
. 2.0
_
1.2
1.1
2.7
1.6
1-9
0.7
1.7
1.0
3.6
\j\
vo
1.8
-------
TABLE 13-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Nitrogen (Org-N), rag/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1»*
15
16
17
18
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.1*
_
1.2
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.5
0-7
0.6
1.7
1.3
l.l*
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
1.2
1.3
0.9
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.9
0-5
0.3
0.3
O.l*
0.7
0.6
o.U
0.4
0.3
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
.
_
0.9
1.1*
0.7
1.0
1.0
0.6
0.3
_
0.6
0.6
< 0.6
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.4
o.i*
0.9
< 0.1
-------
TABI£
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI PIVER SYSTEM
Total Phosphorus, tng/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
llf
15
16
17
18
0.1*0
0.37
0.1*3
0.35
0.13
0.06
0.18
0.08
0.06
_
0.03
o.k6
0.60
0.1*9
0.51
0.50
0.50
0.1*9
0.^3
0.55
0.1*8
0.15
0.07
0.25
0.13
0.1*8
0.87
0.56
0.51*
0.58
0.26
0.33
0.38
0.22
0.12
0.04
0.13
0.06
0.1*5
0.1*8
0.1*1*
0.1*3
0.1*3
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
&
35
_
_
0.02
2.70
< 0.01
,_ 0-50
0.09
o.oi*
0.03
•*
0.97
0.67
1.1*1
0.06
0.16
0.05
O.ll*
0.12
1.71*
o
1.23
-------
TABLE lp-A
LITTLE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Soluble Phosphorus, mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
1*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
O.Ik
0.20
0.26
O.Ik
0.0k
< 0.01
0.10
0.03
0.32
0.1*5
0.36
0.42
O.U3
0.25
0.33
0.36
0.28
0.06
0.02
0.13
0.05
0.38
0.66
O.lt-1
0.51
0.53
0.03
0.10
0.19
0.02
0.02
< 0.01
0.08
0.01
0.28
o.3k
0.31
0.35
0.35
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
1.39
1.80
Ki
1.11
-------
TABIE 16-A
STATION
LITTIJS MIAMI P.IVER SYSTEM
Conductivity, \n mhos
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
606
608
62k
527
380
470
456
486
496
425
44o
440
637
621
622
340
647
653
638
626
648
555
497
480
515
529
666
660
661
664
676
565
575
613
509
456
439
451
454
618
586
575
622
633
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3*
35
420
500
410
590
575
520
540
450
490
500
540
630
659
490
400
520
530
740 .
678
ON
(JO
635
-------
TABI£ IT-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Alkalinity, mg/1
AVG
MAX
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
236
242
250
219
194
188
202
199
257
256
. 288
270
272
252
246
269
234
204
202
205
208
270
276
336
280
281
216
238
240
208
180
175
196
192
246
244
254
260
262
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
296
317
s
285
-------
TABIE 18-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Hardness, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1«»
15
16
17
18
281
304
306
268
207
232
248
226
316
316
327
308
33^
312
312
327
280
250
2k6
25^
258
3^0
3^7
3^8
3M
3^5
234
297
263
256
166
214
238
186
285
298
295
230
326
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3»»
35
3^0
348
c
V.
^21
-------
TABLE 19-A
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Turbidity, units
STATION
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
l*
15
16
17
.18
26
16
14
18
9
8
9
14
13
22
20
11
13
52
20 .
17
22
11
11
11
24
15
28
34
&
15
14
12
11
12
6
5
7
8
11
13
14
8
9
19
20
21
22
23
2i
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
7
11
ON
4
-------
TABI£ 20-A
STATION
LITTIZ MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Color, units
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
2k
20
21
22
22
20
20
18
19
19 '
20
15
Ik
35
25
25
25
30
25
25
20
20
20
25
20
15
15
15
15
1.5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
10
10
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3»*
35
Ik
20
<
10
-------
TABI£ 21-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI RIVEB SYSTEM
Clilorides, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ik
15
16
17
.18
30
30
31
19
16
15
15
ik
32
28
26
26
26
33
33
38
20
17
15
16
17
38
29
29
28
28
28
27
2k
18
15
15
Ik
12
26
25
22
2k
2k
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3»*
35
22
27
18
-------
TABIE 22-A
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Sulfates, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1»»
15
16
17
18
59
60
60
56
52
53
5^
58
62
59
61
60
61
65
65
68
60
57
56
56
63
6k
63
&
63
65
55
5^
57
50
^7
^9
52
55
57
55
58
59
58
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
?5-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
52
55
V
49
-------
TAB1E 23-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI RIVEB SYSTEM
Total Solids, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ik
15
16
17
18
489
456
485
405
349
322
361
373
479
479
485
460
471
'534
475
532
451
383
358
410
378
523
494
524
481
485
460
436
443
371
308
291
341
368
444
467
457
433
430
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
505
548
c
480
-------
TABIE 24-A
STATIC
LITTI£ MIAMI FIVE? SYSTEM
Dissolved Solids, mg/1
AVG
MAX
Mffl
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
433
428
450
374
331
293
350
350
450
435
446
*39
450
444
446
487
412
369
322
398
364
489
474
490
^59
458
413
412
422
322
280
265
325
336
M5
409
395
416
430
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
492
534
"P
473
-------
TABIZ 25-A
LITTI£ MIAMI RIVEP SYSTEM
Suspended Solids, rag/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
56
29
3^
32
18
18
10
23
29
W*
38
21
20
91
3^
^5
k^
28
26
16
k2
39
62
62
22
25
36
22
21
18
10
12
3
8
19
11
15
17
15
19
20
21
22
23
?k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
13
2k
1
ro
-------
TABIE 2
STATION
LITTIZ MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Volatile Solids, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
n
12
13
ik
15
16
17
18
Ik
8
10
10
7
8
k
5
6
11
9
5
6
18
11
Ik
17
14
12
6
9
11
19
14
8
10
5
4
2
U
2
6
l
1
3
2
5
0
1
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31*
35
3
5
i
2
-J
U)
-------
TABI£ 27-A
LITTLE MIAMI P.IVEP SYSTEM
Calcium, mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
KIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
48
48
50
47
40
38
ill
4o
50
51
51
51
52
52
. 51
50
49
42
40
' 45
42
53
53
53
53
53
45
^5
50
46
38
36
37
37
49
50
48
50
50
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
54
55
52
-J
•p-
-------
TABIE 28-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI PIVER SYSTEM
Magneslum (Calc.), mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11+
15
16
17
18
39
1*1*
1*1*
36
26
33
35
31
1*6
.1*6
U8
kk
50
^5
U5
^9
38
35
35
37
38
50
52
52
52
52
25
ill*
3^
3^
16
30
33
20
39
1*2
1*2
21*
1*8
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3»*
35
51
57
V.
1*6
-------
TABLE 29-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI PTVER SYSTEM
Total Iron, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
0.7
0.4
0.4
o.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.4
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.5
1.1
1.1
0.5
0-5
0-5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0-3
0.4
0.3
0.3
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
0.3
0.5
'
0
0.2
-------
TABIE 30-A
STATION
LITTIZ MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Manganese, rog/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
0.12
0.09
0.10
0.20
0.12
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.05
0.06
0.16
0.10
0.10
0.22
0.17
0.12
0.08
0.10
0.10
0.12
0.11
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.18
0.09
0.06
o.ok
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
o.ok
o.ok
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31*
35
o.ok
0.06
•
-~!
-J
0.03
-------
TABLE 31-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Sodium, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
17.0
16.8
17.4
11.4
10.2
0.8
9-5
8.6
18.3
16.2
15.2
15.0
15.4
19.0
18.9
20.0
13-6
11.0
10.0
10.8
9-4
20.0
19-0
17.6
16.2
16.2
15.0
14.8
14.8
10.0
8.8
8.2
8.4
8.0
15.4
14.2
13.2
13.4
14.4
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3^
35
17.7
19.4
•-•*
c
15.0
-------
TABIE 32-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI P.TVER SYSTEM
Potassium, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
KIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
3-1
2.8
2.8
2.k
2.0
1.8
1.8
3-0
2.9
3.2
2.9.
2.6
2.7
3.6
3-1
3-0
2.7
2.5
2.2
2.3
5.8
3.2
3-5
3-6
3-0
3-0
2.7
2.6
2.6
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.4
2.5
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3^
35
3-0
3.6
vc
2.6
-------
TABLE 33-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI PTVER SYSTEM
Aluminum, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
KIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
17
18
l.i;
< 0.8
< 0.6
< 0.8
< 0.5
<0.5
< 0.5
< 0.7
< 0.6
< 1.7
< 1.3
< 0.6
< 0.8
2.6
1.2
1.0
0.9
< 0.5
< 0.5
0.5
1.2
0.8
t.O
2.6
0.7
l.t
0.6
< 0.5
<0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
< 0.5
-------
TABIE
LITTIZ MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Cadmium, mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
li»
15 •
16
17
.18
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01 .
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01 '
< 0.01
< 0.01
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
cx>
-------
TABIE 35-A
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Chromium, mg/1
STATION
AVG
MAX
MB)
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1U
15
16
17
18
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
&
35
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
OC
ro
-------
TABIE 36-A
STATION
LITTU5 MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Copper, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ll»
15
16
17
18
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.02
< 0.01
< 0.02
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.03
< 0.01
0.01
0.02
0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.02
o.oU
0.02
0.06
0.01
0.02
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.00
0.00
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
0.00
19
20
21
22
23
^
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
< 0.01
< 0.01
c
t_
< 0.01
-------
TABIE 37-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Lead, rag/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
lU
15
16
17
18
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
< 0.6
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
, 33
&
35
< 0.6
< 0.6
g
< 0.6
-------
TABI£ 38-A
STATION
LITTUE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Zinc, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
< 0.03
< 0.03
< 0.01
< 0.02
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.03
< 0.01
< 0.02
0.08
0.05
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.0^
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.03
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3*
35
< 0.01
0.02
0
VJ
< 0.01
-------
TABLE 39-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Nickel, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
; u
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
ik
15
16
17
18
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3»*
35
< 0.10
< 0.10
< 0.10
ct
cr\
-------
TABIE ^
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Oils, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11*
15
16
17
.18
11
< 6
< 16
<26
< l
< 6
< 12
< 8
<25
< 22
10
<25
< 19
2k
18
38
57
< 1
19
Uo
29
96
81
31
91
69
3
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
< 1
1
< 1
< 1
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
< 1
2
0
< 1
-------
TABIE 4l-A
STATION
LiTTi£ MIAMI PTVEB SYSTEM
Total Organic Carbon (TOG), rng/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
: k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
4.5 •
4.2
4.9
5.0
4.2
4.2
3-9
4.6
3-7
k.o
3.6
2.4
2.8
7.9
5.5
6.9
6.6
5-0
4.7
5-0
6.0
5-5
5.3
5-0
3.0
3.0
3-2
3-0
3.4
3.6
3-6
3.6
3-4
3.6
2.8
2.1
2.8
1-5
2.6
19
2.0
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3k
35
4.4
7.8
,
i
2.0
-------
TAB1E 1*2-A
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
k
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*1*
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
54
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< 1*0
< t*o
< 1*0
< 1*0
< i+o
< 1*0
19
20
21
22
23
2k
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3*
35
< 1*0
< 1*0
00
< 1*0
-------
TABLE ^3-A
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI ETVER SYSTEM
Arsenic, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Ik
15
16
17
18
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
0.03
0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02-
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.01
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
< 0.02
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3U
35
< 0.02
< 0.02
M
< 0.02
-------
TABI£ kk
STATION
LITTIE MIAMI RIVER SYSTEM
Cyanide, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MIN
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
: U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Hi
15
16
17
18
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
< 0.01
19
20
21
22
23
21*
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
31*
35
< 0.01
< 0.01
V
h
< 0.01
-------
TABLE ^
STATION
LITTLE MIAMI FIVER SYSTEM
Phenols, rag/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11+
15
16
17
18
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.006
< 0.007
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
0.007
0.010
< 0.005
0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
o.oo'5
< 0.005
< 0.005
0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
19
20
21
22
23
2U
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
3*
35
< 0.005
< 0.005
< 0.005
-------
TABIE 46-A
STATION
LITTI£ MIAMI PIVEB SYSTEM
Fluorides, mg/1
AVG
MAX
MDJ
STATION
AVG
MAX
MIN
1
2
3
U
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
0.4l
0.50
0.60
o.4o
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.30
0.30
o.4o
0.40
0.42
0.60
0.80
0.50
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.30
0.30
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
25-A
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
0.40
0.50
vo
0.30
-------
APPENDIX B
-------
APPENDIX B
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
COLUMBUS, OHIO
RESOLUTION REGARDING AMENDED CRITERIA
of
STREAM-WATER QUALITY FOR VARIOUS USES
(Adopted October 10, 196?)
WHEREAS, Section 6111.03 of the Ohio Revised Code, provides, in part,
as follows:
"The water pollution control board shall have power:
(A) To develop programs for the prevention, control and
abatement of new or existing pollution of the waters of
the state; ..." and
WHEREAS, Primary indicators of stream-water quality are needed as
guides for appraising the suitability of surface waters in
Ohio for various uses; and
WHEREAS, The stream-water quality criteria for various uses and mini-
mum conditions applicable to all waters adopted by the Board
on June l^, 1966, have been amended by the Ohio River Valley
Water Sanitation Commission;
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, That the following amended stream-water qual-
ity criteria for various uses, and minimum conditions appli-
cable to all waters, are hereby adopted in accordance with
amendments of the Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commis-
sion.
MINIMUM CONDITIONS APPLICABLE
to
ALL WATERS AT ALL PLACES
and
AT ALL TIMES
1. Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial or
other discharges or agricultural practices that will settle to
form putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge deposits.
-------
95
2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other floating mater-
ials attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges,
or agricultural practices in amounts sufficient to be unsightly
or deleterious.
3. Free from materials attributable to municipal, industrial or
other discharges, or agricultural practices producing color,
odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuisance.
k. Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial or
other discharges or agricultural practices in concentrations or
combinations which are toxic or harmful to human, animal, plant
or aquatic life.
STREAM-QUALITY CRITERIA
FOR PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY
The following criteria are for evaluation of stream quality at
the point at which water is withdrawn for treatment distribution as
a potable supply:
1. Bacteria; Coliform group not to exceed 5,000 per 100 ml as a
monthly average value (either MPN or MF count); nor exceed this
number in more than 20 percent of the samples examined during
any month; nor exceed 20,000 per 100 ml in more than five per-
cent of such samples.
2. Threshold-odor Number; Not to exceed 2^ (at 60 deg. C.) as a
daily average.
3. Dissolved solids; Not to exceed 500 mg/1 as a monthly average
value, nor exceed 750 mg/1 at any time.
4. Radioactivity; Gross beta activity not to exceed 1,000 pico-
curies per liter (pCi/l), nor shall activity from dissolved
strontium-90 exceed 10 pCi/l, nor shall activity from dissolved
alpha emitters exceed 3 pCi/l.
5. Chemical constituents; Not to exceed the following specified
concentrations at any time:
Constituent Concentration (mg/l)
Arsenic 0.05
Barium 1.0
Cadmium 0.01
Chromium (he xavalent) 0.05
Cyanide 0.025
Fluoride 1.0
Lead 0.05
Selenium 0.01
Silver 0.05
-------
96
FOR INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY
The following criteria are applicable to stream water at the
point at which the water is withdrawn for use (either with or with-
out treatment) for industrial cooling and processing:
1. Dissolved oxygen; Not less than 2.0 rag/1 as a daily-average
value nor less than 1.0 mg/1 at any time.
2. pH; Not less than 5.0 nor greater than 9*0 at any time.
3. Temperature; Not to exceed 95 deg. F. at any time.
k. Dissolved solids; Not to exceed 750 mg/1 as a monthly average
value nor exceed 1,000 mg/1 at any time.
FOR AQUATIC LIFE A
The following criteria are for evaluation of conditions for the
maintenance of a well-balanced, warm-water fish population. They are
applicable at any point in the stream except for areas immediately
adjacent to outfalls. In such areas cognizance will be given to
opportunities for the admixture of waste effluents with stream water:
1. Dissolved oxygen; Not less than 5«0 mg/1 during at least 16
hours of any 2^-hour period, nor less than 3.0 mg/1 at any
time.
2. pH: No values below 5.0 nor ahove 9.0, and daily average
Tor median) values preferably "between 6.5 and 8.5.
3. Temperature: Not to exceed 93 deg. F. at any time during
the months of May through November, and not to exceed 73 deg. F.
at any time during the months of December through April.
k. Toxic substances: Not to exceed one-tenth of the U8-hour median
tolerance limit, except that other limiting concentrations may
be used in specific cases when justified on the basis of avail-
able evidence and approved by the appropriate regulatory agency.
FOR AQUATIC LIFE B
The following criteria are for evaluation of conditions for the
maintenance of desirable biological growths and, in limited stretches
of a stream for permitting the passage of fish through the water, ex-
cept for areas immediately adjacent to outfalls. In such areas cog-
nizance will "be given to opportunities for admixture of effluents with
stream water:
-------
97
1. Dissolved oxygen; Not less than 2.0 mg/1 as a daily average
value, nor less than 1.0 mg/1 at any time.
2. pH: Not less than 5«0 nor greater than 9.0 at any time.
3. Temperature; Not to exceed 95 deg. F. at any time.
U. Toxi c sub stance s; Not to exceed one-tenth of the US-hour
median tolerance limit, except that other limiting concentra-
tions may "be used in specific cases when justified on the "basis
of available evidence and approved by the appropriate regula-
tory agency.
FOR RECREATION
The following criterion is for evaluation of conditions at any
point in waters designated to be used for recreational purposes includ-
ing such water-contact activities as swimming and water skiing.
Bacteria; Coliform group not to exceed 1,000 per 100 ml as
a monthly average value (either MPN or MF count);
nor exceed this number in more than 20 percent of
the samples examined during any month; nor exceed
2,UOO per 100 ml (MPN or MF count) on any day.
FOR AGRICULTURAL USE AND STOCK WATERING
The following criteria are applicable for the evaluation of
stream quality at places where water is withdrawn for agricultural
use or stock-watering purposes:
1. Free from substances attributable to municipal, industrial or
other discharges, or agricultural practices that will settle
to form putrescent or otherwise objectionable sludge deposits.
2. Free from floating debris, oil, scum and other floating mater-
ials attributable to municipal, industrial or other discharges,
or agricultural practices in amounts sufficient to be unsight-
ly or deleterious.
3. Free from materials attributable to municipal, industrial or
other discharges, or agricultural practices producing color,
odor or other conditions in such degree as to create a nuis-
ance.
k. Free from substances attributable to municipal,industrial or
other discharges or agricultural practices in concentrations
or combinations which are toxic or harmful to human, animal,
plant or aquatic life.
------- |