United States Environmental Sciences Research
Environmental Protection Laboratory
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Research and Oevelooment
Environmental
Sciences Research
Laboratory Report
Abstracts
April 1980-
September 1980
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UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES RESEARCH LABORATORY
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK
NORTH CAROLINA 27711
The Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory (ESRL) is one of
several laboratories within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) conducting research in air pollution. In response to certain
mandates of the Clean Air Act, ESRL's research program includes de-
veloping techniques, methods, and instruments for sampling, monitoring,
and analyzing pollutants; measuring and characterizing stationary and
mobile source emissions from existing and new sources; characterizing
gaseous and aerosol pollutants in ambient air by identifying their
origins and specific sources, and determining their form, transforma-
tions and ultimate fate; assessing the effects of airborne pollutants
on materials,, visibility, weather, and climate; and developing and
applying air quality simulation models for predicting relationships
between source emissions and air quality, and for evaluating control
strategies.
The ESRL Report Abstracts is published semi annually for those who
are interested in our research activities. Journal articles or symposia
proceedings are usually available from local libraries. EPA Office of
Research and Development reports are available (prepaid) from the:
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
U.S. Department of Commerce
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22151
(Telephone: 703/557-4650
Cite the P3 number, item 2 on EPA Form 2220-1, when ordering reports
from NTIS.
If you wish to discontinue receiving the Reports Abstract or nomi-
nate additional recipients, please fill in the required information
below, as well as the return address block on the reverse, and return
this sheet to us.
A. H. Ellison
Di rector
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
( ) Please discontinue sending these abstracts to me.
( ) Please send your semiannual Reports Abstracts to the addressees
listed below:
-------
(Please include ZIP Code)
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Attn: Technical Information Coordinator
Mail Drop 59
(Fold on dotted line and seal before mailing)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Jaxtnicrions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-79-052
2.
PB 80-169576
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DISPERSION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM THE CLINCH RIVER
POWER PLANT
A Wind-Tunnel Study
5. REPORT DATE
September 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Roger S. Thompson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Fluid Modeling Report No. 7
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-20 (FY-78)
11. CONTHACT7GHANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
in-house 6/77 - 12/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A wind-tunnel study of the transport and dispersion of sulfur dioxide from the
Clinch River Power Plant in Virginia was performed for periods of neutral atmospheric
conditions corresponding to two 1-hour periods for which field data were available.
A 7-km x 21-km area of the quite nigged complex terrain surrounding the power plant
was modeled at a scale of 1:1920 using a terraced construction. Exaggerated stack
diameters were used in modeling the buoyant emissions from the plant's two stacks.
The most significant influences of terrain on the plume were found to be frequent
downwashing and an angle of "30° to the mean wind direction for the plume's initial
direction. These phenomena were produced by the hills just upwind and downwind of the
stacks. Ground-level concentrations measured at positions corresponding to field
sampling sites compared well with field measured values. Comparisons of concentration
measured above the model surface with helicopter field measurements were not good,
but the wind-tunnel measurements were shown to satisfy a conservation of mass require-
ment. The standard deviations of plume spread in the vertical and horizontal
directions were measured for various downwind distances and compared to PCsquill-
Gifford values for flat terrain. Ground-level concentrations under the plume center-
line were compared to Gaussian plume model estimates, given the plume path and
effective stack height determined experimentally.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* A1r pollution
* Sulfur dioxide
* Meteorology
* Atmospheric diffusion
Electric power plants
* Wind tunnels
Terrain models
13B
07B
04B
04A
10B
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
75
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Perm 222O-1 (»-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please nod Imsauctmu on the reverie before completing)
'•EWIW4-79-062
2.
PB 80-169436
3. RECIPIENT'S, ACCESSION NTO.
A. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SCHEME FOR ESTIMATING DISPERSION
PARAMETERS AS A FUNCTION OF RELEASE HEIGHT
6. REDOUT DATE
October 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTMOR(S)
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
John S. Irwin
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-025 fFY-79)
Same as block 12
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In house 7/77 - 6/7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Based on an investigation where the dispersion parameters are assumed to
have the form a « a t F_ , a generalized scheme is presented for estimating
*• § y w»v z »y
the dispersion parameters as a function of release height. Further development is
needed to refine the scheme for more generalized applicability, since, as documented
in this discussion, the scheme requires as input meteorological data not routinely
available. The scheme incorporates results from various studies, and once it is more
practically structured it will prove useful for characterizing dispersion from tall
sources in a variety of situations. The generalized scheme was developed particularly
for Gaussian plume modeling; therefore, it is restricted to modeling applications
having flat terrain and having steady-state meteorological conditions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Meteorology
* Atmospheric diffusion
* Estimating
* Mathematical Models
* Height
13B
04B
04A
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
68
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 C»-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Iiturucnons on the rtvene before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-023
2.
PB 80-137227
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CROSS-COUNTRY URBAN AND RURAL MEASUREMENTS OF NO
AND S00 >
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
AUTHOH<5I } j ,
L. Langan, M.A. Peache, and J.J. Garbarz,
R.E. Baumgardner, and R.K. Stevens
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOPRESS
Environmental Measurements. Inc.1
San Francisco, California 94111
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 CA-32 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2484
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory -- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Total sulfur and oxides of nitrogen measurements, gathered along two long-
distance routes across the United States, are presented. Supportive information
describing the instrumentation, procedures, moving laboratory, and regional meteoro-
logical conditions are provided.
Over 300,000 measurements were made. Points consisting of ten-measurement
averages have been plotted; they are also presented in a graphic analysis. This
analysis consists of frequency distribution plots of segments of the trip, for
example, through rural areas and crossing urban developments. These plots provide a
means of classification of the degree of pollution present and monitored with this
moving laboratory technique.
The data were gathered from Denver, Colorado, to Raleigh, North Carolina, in
August 1976, and from Los Angeles, California, to Raleigh, North Carolina, in November
1976. In November the laboratory stopped at six rural locations to record time-
averaged data, which are also presented.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Sulfur
*Sulfur dioxide
*Nitrogen oxides
*Measurement
*Rural areas
*Urban Areas
United States
13B
07 B
050
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA form 2220-1 <»-73)
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
75
30. SECURITY CLASS (This page!
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-024
2.
PB 80-176787
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
KINETIC STUDIES OF SIMULATED POLLUTED ATMOSPHERES
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Jack G. Calvert
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Chemistry
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio 43212
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AC-24 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R804348-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 1/76 - 4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The kinetics and reaction mechanisms of several important atmosheric con-
taminants - SO,, formaldehyde, nitrous acid, and the nitrosamines - were assessed
to help quantity some key aspects of the chemistry of polluted atmospheres. The
reactions and lifetimes of excited sulfur dioxide with various atmospheric com-
ponents including hydroxyl, hydroperoxy, and methylperoxy radicals were studied.
These data and other published rate data were reviewed and evaluated. The photolysis
of formaldehyde was investigated as a major source of hydroperoxyl radicals, and a
quantitative evaluation made of its apparent first order rate constants at various
solar zenith angles. The absolute extinction coefficients for nitrous acid were
determined, and estimates made of the rates of hydroxyl radical generation in the
troposphere by photolysis of nitrous acid. Long path Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy was used to help evaluate the potential for nitrosamine formation in
the polluted atmosphere.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*0zone
*Nitrogen oxides
*Sulfur inorganic compounds
*Photochemical reactions
13B
07B
07C
07E
IB. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
280
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-025
2.
PB 80-169238
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
PREPARATION OF STANDARDS FOR VALENCE STATE
MEASUREMENT BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Edward T. Peters and Kenneth T. Menzies
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AODBESS
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
Acorn Park
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BC025 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2750
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The preparation and characterization of standard samples representing several valence
states for sulfur, vanadium, and chromium are described. The standards will be used
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to investigate the potential for deter-
mining valence state by high resolution wavelength dispersive x-ray emission analysis.
A total of 40 single state and 13 multistate standards were prepared by dust genera-
tion and collection on polycarbonate filters. The prepared samples and valence
states include sulfur (0, +4, +6, -2), vanadium (0, +4, +5), and chromium (+3, +6).
At least three standards were prepared for each valence state, with mass concentration
of the valence state element in the range 1 to 50 ug/cnr. The prepared samples were
coated with a thin layer of nitrocellulose by a wicking procedure to provide a pro-
tective coating and to prevent loss of material. Representative samples were
analyzed for the uniformity of the deposit, mean particle size and stability in air,
and x-ray irradiation.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Standards
* Sulfur
* Vanadium
* Chromium
* Valence
X-ray fluorescence
078
06E
20F
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
43
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
fflcac read JuUfi/crioiif on the rc;cn< be fort
NO
EPA-600/2-80-026
PB 80-150105
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
- TITLE A\C S'JST'TLE
PORTABLE MINIATURE SAMPLER FOR POTENTIAL AIRBORNE
CARCINOGENS IN MICROENVIRONMENTS
Phase 1. Development
5. REPORT
•PORT OATE,._^
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR.S>
8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION RE°OP* NGV
J'. J. Brooks and D. S. West
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Monsanto Research Corporation
Dayton, OH 45407
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1HE775 CB-004 fFY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2774
12. SPONSORING AGENC> NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim 9/77-10/78
14. SP'ONSORIN'G AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A 3-year research project was initiated to develop a portable, miniature,
sorbent-type collection system for sampling and preconcentrating organics in
general, and carcinogens and associated compounds (e.g., mutagens, precarcinogens,
and cofactors) in particular, from ambient air. The purpose of such a system
is to assess the exposure of individuals and/or small groups of individuals
to these types of compounds in various environments. Inherent in the ability
to assess exposures is not only the sampling capability but also analytical
confirmation. The determinative step in this project will be capillary gas
chromatography/mass spectroscopy.
Progress during the first year was discussed and concerned the selection
of candidate sorbent materials; the selection of test compounds for sorbent
evaluation; the evaluation of the sorbent materials in terms of capacity,
desorption properties, and physical properties that relate to pressure drops
and ultimate system design, and the selection of a three-sorbent system based
on Tenax-GC, Porapak R, and Ambersorb.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI f ield'Group
*Air pollution
*0rganic compounds
*Carcinogens
*Samplers
Portable equipment
Miniaturization
*Development
13B
07C
06E
148
13M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (»-73)
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
91
20 SECURITY CLASS (Thit pttfc•'
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-034
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
PB30-185549
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EFFECTIVE SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICULATE
EMISSIONS FROM ATYPICAL SOURCES
Final Report
7. AUTHOH
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
auructiuns or. ihe rc'.\-.-$;• /w;«/v completing)
1. BE=cr!T NO.
EPA-600/2-80-049
L
PB 80-179351
4. TITl.: AND SUBTITLE
REMOTE MONITORING OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS BY
DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LASER TECHNIQUES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCEC3'Of*NO.
5. REPORT OATF.
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
S. A. Ahmed, J. S. Gergeley, and F. Barone
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT N
9. Pt RFORMINo ORGANIZATION NAMr AND ADDRESS
Electrical Engineering Department
The CHy College of the City University
140th Street and Convent Avenue
New York, N. Y. 10031
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BA-041
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
803109
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS . ___
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/74-6/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A single-ended laser radar (LIDAR) system was designed, built, and successfully
operated to measure range-resolved concentrations of N02, SO?* and 03 1n the atmos-
phere using a Differential Absorption of Scattered Energy (DASE) LIDAR technique.
The system used a flash-lamp pumped dye laser as the primary source of laser energy.
For the NO?, measurements, the dye laser output was used directly 1n a novel simul-
taneous two wavelength output mode 1n which two wavelengths, one on and one off the
resonance absorption of N02 molecules are transmitted simultaneously and the relative
attenuation determined for the two backscattered signals detected. This mode of
operation effectively reduces errors due to scintillation and aerosol drift. For the
S0£ and 03 measurements, 1t was necessary to frequency double the output of the dye
laser to match the absorption spectra of the S02 and 03 molecules. Field measurements,
which were carried out over the Upper East Side of Manhattan for all three pollutants,
produced range-resolved concentrations at ranges of over two kilometers. The ambient
pollutant concentrations measured ranged from 0.04 ppm to 0.31 ppm, depending on
location and time of day. In general, these showed reasonably good correlation with
measurements obtained from conventional pollution monitoring stations 1n the area and
demonstrated the potential of DASE LIDAR systems for range-resolved ambient pollutant
measurements.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
Nitrogen dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
^Remote sensing
*0ptical radar
Development
13B
07B
14B
17H
3. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
19. SECURITY CLASS (TltitReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. Of PAGES
226
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-053
2.
PB 80-179310
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN AEROSOL
MASS DISTRIBUTION MDNTTOR
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
W. Stober, F. J. tfinig,
H. Flachsbart and N. Schwarzer
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and
Aerosol Research
Federal Replublic of Germany
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE833D EB010 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R803592
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RIP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711 __
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 1977-1979
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An aerosol mass monitor has been built to measure the masses of non-volatile
aerosols in the range of Q.Q5 to 5 ym aerodynamic particle diameter. The instrument
consists of a newly designed spiral duct aerosol centrifuge equipped with highly
sensitive quartz sensors for in situ weighing of the deposited aerosol masses. The
instrument further includes a clean air device for maintaining constant aerosol
flow conditions, and electronic parts for the operation of the quartz sensors. The
mass of aerosol deposited on the quartz crystals is automatically measured by an
electronic counter while the rotor of the centrifuge continues spinning. The data
are handled by a microprocessor.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Group
Air pollution
Aerosols
Particle size
Centrifuges
Crystal detectors
Quartz
Microbalances
13B
07D
1AB
09A
08G
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
52
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-069
2.
PB80-187388
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS IN LIQUID FUELS
5. REPORT DATE
Aoril 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Jerry L. Parr
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Radian Corporation
8500 Shoal Creek Boulevard
P.O. Box 9948
Austin, Texas 78766
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BC-04 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2466
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP,NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13.
;moo COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (FNAs), formed in combustion processes
with liquid hydrocarbon fuels, contribute to mobile source exhaust emissions.
Because correlation between PNA levels in automobile exhaust and pre-
existent PNAs in fuel has been demonstrated in previous work, a quanti-
tative analysis of 12 individual polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons present
in various aircraft turbine, diesel, and gasoline test fuels was determined
in this project. The PNAs included phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene,
pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo(a)pyrene,
benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, coronene and anthanthrene. The
fuel samples were analyzed by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC-MS) after a preliminary isolation/concentration scheme. Liquid
crystal chromatographic columns were employed to resolve isomeric PNAs.
The results indicated that anthanthrene and coronene were not detected
in any of the samples analyzed. Although the detection limit for each
PNA in the samples varied, the detection limit of the method employed
was approximately Sug/gallon (1 ppb). The remaining ten PNAs were
found in levels ranging from 6pg/gallon (1.6 ppb « benzo (e) pyrene) to
3.1g/gallon (810,000 ppb = phenanthrene) of fuel. In general, the
concentration decreased with increasing molecular weight of the PNAs.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
Quantitative analysis
Diesel Fuels
Gasoline
Gas chromatography
Mass spectrometry
13B
07C
07D
21D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NQ.OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inunctions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-070
2.
PB80-102487
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf*NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES FOR X-RAY ANALYZERS
5. REPORT DATE
April 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Robin P. Gardner and Kuruvilla Verghese
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Center for Engineering Applications of Radioisotopes
North Carolina State University
•Raleigh, N.C. 27650
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B BB-041 FY-79
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-802759
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final. 5-74. — S-7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Mathematical techniques and subsequent computer software were developed to
process energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectra for elemental analysis of
airborne particulate matter collected on filters.
The research concerned two areas: (1) determination of characteristic x-ray
intensities and (2) determination of elemental amounts from the known characteristic
x-ray intensities. In the first area, efforts primarily concentrated on developing
and implementating of the library, linear least-squares method and included the two
common non-linear aspects of XRF pulse-height spectra: excitation source background
and pulse pile up. A detector response function model was also developed for Si(Li)
detectors to alleviate the necessity for obtaining and storing extensive complete
library spectra for every element of interest. This approach gives improved accuracl,
greatly reduces the experimental effort required, and is capable of accounting for
variations in detector calibration and resolution without requiring extensive
additional experimental effort.
In the second research area the fundamental parameters method was developed by
by Monte Carol simulation. Data were collected for several shapes of particles
deposited on filters. Empirical correction factors for various practical cases of
interest based on these simulations are reported.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Particles
*x-ray fluorescence
*Chemical elements
*Applications of mathematics
*Compter systems programs
13B
20F
07B
12A
09A
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
41
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIEn
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-071
2.
PB80-196785
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ANALYSIS OF HOUSTON AEROSOL SAMPLES BY GC/MS METHODS
Final Report
5. REPORT DATE
April 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
F. W. Karesek and M. L. Parsons
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Arizona State University
Department of Chemistry
Tempe, Arizona 85281
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AH-16(FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2961
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences and Research Laboratory- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/78 - 6/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An analysis procedure developed to give a qualitative and quantitative analysis
for organic compounds adsorbed on aerosols collected by Hi-Vol filters was adapted
and applied to a similar analysis of aerosols collected by dichotomous filters.
Analysis was conducted for five dichotomous samples and two Hi-Vol samples collected
in the Houston study. Estimated concentration levels for dichotomous filters of 0.1
to 20 ng/m3 were reported for the 27 organic compounds searched. Compounds detected
included carboxylic acid esters, phthalates, n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons. The quantities observed in the samples were near the detection limits
of the GC/MS-SIM analysis, and blanks of the instrumental system, solvent, procedure
and filter elements were necessary to identify artifacts introduced. Filter and
solvent blanks contained compounds in the same or higher quantity ranges as did the
filter samples, indicating the teflon elements of the dichotomous filters were not
cleaned sufficiently prior to use.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COS AT I Field/Group
pollution
*Aerosols
*0rganic compounds
*Quantitative analysis
*Qualitative analysis
*Gas chromatography
*Mass spectrometry
138
07D
07C
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThilReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
71
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-085
2.
PB80-203136
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE ANO SUBTITLE
PASSENGER CAR HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS SPECIATION
5. REPORT DATE
Mav 198O
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
F. Black and L.High
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
07A1D/13-0028 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Emission factors for over 60 individual hydrocarbon compounds were determined
for four passenger cars. The ears included a 1963 Chevrolet, a 1977 Mustang,
a 1978 Monarch, and 1979 LTD II. The speciation data is reported for both
tailpipe and evaporative emissions. The tailpipe emissions were for the urban
driving conditions of the Federal Test Procedure used in motor vehicle certifi-
cation. The evaporative emissions were for both diurnal and hot soak conditions,
also prescribed in the Federal Test Procedure for certification. The vehicle
tests involved four gasoline fuels of varying composition.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
Automobiles
* Emission
* Hydrocarbons
* Chemical composition
13B
13F
07C
07 D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
25
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-086
2.
PB80-202377
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOWNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
IMPACT OF NATURAL HYDROCARBONS ON AIR QUALITY
5. REPORT DATE
May 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Joseph J. Bufalinl
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS .
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
. CONTRACT/GRAWT NOT
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory -RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
USEnvironmental Protection Agency
research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
in-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The emissions, reactivities, and ozone-forming potential of natural hydro-
carbons are discussed. A review of the data available on emission levels for
natural hydrocarbons indicates that much more information is needed in order to
quantify the absolute emission levels, becasuse emissions data do not agree with
ambient air measurements. g These ambient air measurements suggest that the previous-
published value of 9 x 10 ton/yr needs to be lowered to 10 -10 ton/yr. Emissions
may be overpredicted by a factor of 15 to 20, as indicated by back calculations
using a simple diffusion trajectory model. Isoprene, when compared to the mono-
terpenes, is much more efficient in producing ozone through phooxidation in
the presence of NO . This greater ozone production apparently occurs because of the
large amount of carbon consumed in the formation of aerosols for the monoterpenes.
Since rural areas have very low levels of NO , vegetative emissions may in fact
act as sinks for ozone rather than as sources. All areas investigated show very
low levels of natural hydrocarbons, suggesting that even if NO were available,
very low levels of ozone would be produced. Air quality is thus not found to be
significantly affected by vegetative emissions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Biological productivity
Hydrocarbons
Ozone
13B
08A
07C
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
67
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleat read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-037
2.
PB80-205198
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE DEVICE
TO COLLECT SULFURIC ACID AEROSOL
Final Report
5. REPORT DATE
May 1930
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Herbert C. Miller, David W, Mason, and
William J, Barrett
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue South
Birmingham, Alabama 352Q5
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA601 CA-28 (FY^78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68^02-2468
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U. S, Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/76-9/78
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/60Q/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Previous Related Reports:
EPA-600/2-77-027, February 1977
EPA-600/2-78-060, March 19.78
16. ABSTRACT
A quantitative, interference-free method for collecting sulfuric acid aerosol on a
filter was developed and field tested. Since previous research found that severe
losses of sulfuric acfd were caused by ammonia, ambient particulate material, and
other interferents, a method was needed that converts sulfuric acid to a stable
derivative for subsequent analysis. Methods evaluated for direct fixation of
sulfuric acid aerosol were not found to be selective. Therefore, a sampling
method was investigated that uses a combination of selective volatilization of
the sulfuric acid, prefiltration of particulate interferents, and derivatization
of the vaporized acid on an alkali-impregnated filter. Research on the volati-
lization, prefiltration, and derivatization technique, and the development and
field evaluation of a prototype sampler based on this technique are described.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI I'icld/Croup
*Air Pollution
*Sulfuric Acid
*Aerosol
Collecting Methods
*Filters
Tests
13B
Q7B
07D
14B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport>
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
99
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Perm 2220-1 (R«». 4-77) PREVIOUS COITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please nod Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-109
2.
PB80-203425
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
IMPACT OF A PRIMARY SULFATE EMISSION SOURCE ON
AIR QUALITY
5. REPORT DATE
May 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
K.R. Boldt, C.P. Chang, E.J. Kaplin, J.M. Stansfield,
B.R. Wuebber
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
York Research Corporation
Stamford, CT 06906
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AA-91 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2965
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A one-month study was carried out at an isolated oil-fired power plant in
New York State to assess the impact of primary sulfate emissions on air quality.
Emissions of total sulfate from the source varied from 22 kg/hr to 82 kg/hr
per boiler with the suIfuric acid concentration averaging 74% of the total
sulfate. Particulate emissions ranged from 12 kg/hr to 70 kg/hr per boiler
with between 32% and 67% of the particle mass as water soluble sulfate.
Vanadium was implicated as the driving force in the magnitude of the primary
sulfate emissions. Measurements taken 5 km downwind of the plant indicated
a source sulfate contribution of from 30% to 60% of the 24 hr average ambient
levels.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Croup
*Air pollution
*Particles
*Sulfates
*Emission
Electric power plants
13B
07B
10B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
227
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-166
2.
PB80-198518
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING VOLATILE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
5. REPORT DATE
—July 1980
>. PERFORMING Ol
ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
George W. Scheil, Fred J. Bergman and Harold Owens
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Midwest Research Institute
425 Volker Boulevard
Kansas City, Missouri 64110
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2977
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/78-12/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Analytical methods for measuring volatile organic compounds were reviewed. Two
commercially available instruments were selected and evaluated in the laboratory; one
was judged unacceptable. The other analyzer was evaluated during a limited field
test; results were satisfactory and averaged 3% higher than results produced by a con-
currently operated gas chromatograph system.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Organic compounds
* Vapors
* Instruments
* Chemical analysis
* Evaluation
13B
07C
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
49
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thapagtl
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
2.
PB80-198526
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF SOLID ADSORBENTS FOR COLLECTING
ATMOSPHERIC CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS
5. REP
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
,MWinwnuj
T. F. Bidleman, W. N. Billings and C. G. Simon
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Chemistry
University of South Carolina
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B B3-004(FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-804716
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The efficiency of polyurethane foam (PUF) and Tenax-GC resin for collecting
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated pesticides from 300-1600 nr air
was determined by side-by-side sampling each adsorbent in the city of Columbia,
South Carolina. Air was pulled through a glass fiber filter followed by front
and backup adsorbent traps containing PUF or Tenax resin. Each trap was analyzed
separately to determine the penetration of chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors. Low
molecular weight PCB (Aroclor 1016) was effectively retained by both adsorbent
systems in a 24-36 hour sampling period (500-750 nn air). The ratio of Aroclor
1016 on the front and backup traps was 10:1. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was very
poorly retained by PUB but efficiently collected by Tenax. Negligible proportions
(<5%) of the higher molecular weight PCB (Aroclor 1254) and pesticides (chlordane,
toxaphene) penetrated through to the second adsorbent traps. Tenax was slightly
more efficient than PUF for retaining Aroclor 1016 and continued to retain HCB
effectively up to at least 1300 m3 of air. Concentrations of all the chloro-
hydrocarbons measured during the field study are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Chlorohydrocarbons
*Adsorbents
Evaluation
Polyurethane foam
Tenax-GC
13B
07C
11G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
65
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-171
2.
PB80-202716
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE BASIC GC/MS/COMPUTER ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUE FOR POLLUTANT ANALYSIS
5. REPORT DATE
July 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J. E. Bunch, N. P. Castillo, D. Smith,
J. T. Bursey and E. D. Pellizzari
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Research Triangle Institute
P. 0. Box 12194
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1LD762B/DB-01UFY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2998
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The basic gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric/computer technique for the
analysis of vapor-phase organic compounds collected on a solid sorbent was
evaluated. Emphasis was placed on the assessment of performance and improvement
in techniques in the following areas: (1) wide-bore wall coated columns for
organic vapor-phase analysis; (2) gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization
mass spectrometry/computer analysis of halogenated/hydrocarbons in ambient air;
(3) the concentration of vapor-phase organics from the atmosphere on solid sorbents
(in situ reactions); and (4) qualitative and quantitative analysis of vapor-phase
organics utilizing the improved technology.
17.
KEY WORDS AND-OOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
Air pollution
*0rganic compounds
*Vapors
*Chemical analysis
*Gas chromatography
*Mass spectroscopy
Computers
Evaluation
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl Held/Group
13B
07C
07D
14B
09B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
206
2O. SECURITY CLASS t This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
ffltau read fmunicrions an At rtverst txfort eompttting)
I. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-172
PB80-219413
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
QUANTITATIVE SEPARATION OF ASBESTOS
IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES
8. REPORT OATS
August 1980
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E. T. Peters and E. M. Smith
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Arthur 0. Little, Inc.
Cambridge, MA 02140
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C071AD/10-0379 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2967
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, N.C.
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
Final fl/7S-fl/7q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
19. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
1O. ABSTRACT
Evaluations were made of a novel approach for separating chrysotile asbestos from
other particulate matter to improve the application and detection limit of a broad
beam x-ray diffraction analysis method developed by the Naval Research Laboratory.
The separation method is based on Selective Nucleation of Crystal Growth (SNCG)
whereby treatment of a particulate sample with a special reagent results in the
nucleation and growth of crystals along asbestos fibers but not on other matter. The
fibers can be thereby increased substantially in mass, volume and density. The
reagent previously developed for chrysotile asbestos consists of mixed salts of Agl
and KI in ethylene glycol-acetone-water solution, with Agl crystals (density of 5.67
g/cnH) being the decorating agent. Attempts to develop a comparable reagent for
amphibole asbestos were unsuccessful. Minerals structurally or chemically related to
chrysotile gave no reagent response except for moderate response by lizardite and
slight response from antigorite. Mixed mineral samples consisting of known amounts
of chrysotile and quartz were reagent-treated, resulting in Agl overgrowths of up to
25 um in diameter. Separation of the decorated asbestos from quartz by a high density
liquid with and without centrifugation and by Stokes settling were unsuccessful;
recoveries of about 50 percent of both chrysotile and quartz were found in the
separated fraction. Furhter work 1s required to Improve the separation process.
17.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOBNTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Croup
A1r pollution
*Particles
*Asbestos
^Separation
*Serpentine
*Amphiboles
Chrysotile
Lizardite
Antigorite
13A
HE
08G
18. aiSTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC.
19. SECURITY CLASS iThit Rtponi
UNCLASSIFTED
21. NO. OP PAGES
55
20. SECURITY CLASS l This fat*f
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
tPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/2-80-173
2.
PB80-202708
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
RAMAN MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF STATIONARY SOURCE
PARTICULATE POLLUTANTS
5. REPORT DATE
.inly igan
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
John J. Blaha, Edgar S. Etz and Kurt F. J. Heinrich
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Center for Analytical Chemistry
National Bureau of Standards
Washington, D. C. 20234
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712B/BC013 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contracts EPA-IAG-D7-F1186
and EPA-IAG-78-D-F0367
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 8/77-7/7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The application of Raman spectroscopy to the molecular characterization of indivi-
dual particles from stationary sources is described. The NBS-developed Raman microprobe
tias been used to characterize microparticles of oil- and coal-fired power plant emission
and boiler samples collected and described by the Environmental Protection Agency. The
samples were examined on an "as received" basis and the results reported do not take
into account any sample modifications that may have occurred during sample collection.
Vanadium pentoxide, V205, is identified as a major component of the oil-fired
samples. The presence of other vanadium-bearing materials such as sodium metavanadate,
NaV03, and sodium vanadium sulfate, NaV(S04>2'12H20, is indicated. No vanadyl (V02+)
compounds have been detected in these measurements. Other Raman spectra are indicative
of crystalline sulfates. These sulfates are mostly complex double salts. Materials
that have been identified include nickel ammonium sulfate, Ni(NH4)2(S04)2*6H20, iron
ammonium sulfate, Fe (1^4)2(504)2'6^0, sodium vanadium sulfate, NaV(S04)2*12H20, calcium
sulfate, CaS04•2H20(gypsum), and ammonium sulfate, (^4)2804, which we believe to have
formed from sulfuric acid upon reaction with ambient ammonia. Raman microprobe analy-
ses of a number of dense agglomerations of largely submicrometer particles, from a sam-
ple collected by the EPA and described as coal fly ash, show no Raman spectral features
to indicate a glassy material when the particles are first exposed to laser excitation.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Electric power plants
* Particles
* Chemical analysis
* Raman spectroscopy
13B
10B
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Re pan I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
32
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page J
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
2.
EPA-600/2-80-174
PB80-202690
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A TUNABLE DIODE LASER STACK MONITOR FOR SULFURIC
ACID VAPOR
5. REPORT DATE
August 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Edwin F.
flrlan U
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Pearson
Mant7
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Laser Analytics, Inc.
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
rnTfli0/05-0390 (FY-8n)
TRACT/GRANT NO. k '
11. CON
68-02-2990
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-?- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Reserach Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/78-3/80
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABST
prototype instrument for continuous in-situ monitoring of su If uric acid
vapor in industrial smoke stacks has been developed. The method of detection is dual
wavelength differential absorption in the infrared. Two tunable diode lasers are
locked to two specific frequencies that provide analytical and background absorption
information. The difference between the analytical and background absorption yields
the net absorption due to sulfuric acid.
Calibration of the monitor depends upon a precise determination of the differen-
tial absorption coefficient for the analytical and background frequencies. Measure-
ments made as a part of this program yield a value of 12.2xlO~4 ppnH nH and tend to
resolve the discrepencies between previously published values. Temperature gradients
in the absorption cells severely influenced previous measurements.
The monitoring system was field tested at a 650 MW electrical generation plant
burning high sulfur oil of Venezuelan origin. The excess air supplied to the boiler
combustion chamber was varied from 0.5 to 1.5 percent. Measured baseline concentra-
tion of sulfuric acid ranged from 3 to 25 ppm. As the excess air was stepped up from
0.5 to 1.5 percent, the average measured increase in concentration was 39 ppm.
The system gave consistent results during the brief test period.
17.
KEY WORDS AMD DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
* Sulfuric acid
* Vapors
* Flue gases
* Monitors
Infrared lasers
Field tests
Tunable diode lasers
13B
07B
07D
21B
20E
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
71
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please raid Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-018
2.
PB 80-167018
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MECHANISM OF S02 AND H2S04 AEROSOL ZINC CORROSION
6. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7.AUTHOR(s,
F1or1an
R. Strauss and Dwight D. Landis
Mansfeld, Dennis
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International Science Center
Thousand Oaks, CA 91360
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO."
68-02.^2344
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/9/7Q-fi/Q/7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/Q9
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This study established the physical variables controlling the S02 and H2S04 induced
corrosion of zinc. Relative humidity, temperature, air flow velocity, flow turbu-
lence, aerosol size range, and pollutant concentration were controlled. Corrosion
measurements were made through the use of an atmospheric corrosion monitor. The
results showed that the principal factors controlling pollutant induced corrosion are
relative humidity, the rate of pollutant flux to the surface, and the chemical form
of the pollutant. S02 was observed to induce a higher corrosion rate in the zinc
than t^SOa on a molecule for molecule basis. Flow dynamic measurements provided bulk
and size detailed deposition velocities for two different accumulation mode H2S04
aerosol size distributions as a function of fractional velocity, and a deposition
velocity for S02 gas. The overall results indicate that under most ambient condi-
tions S02 induced corrosion damage will dominate over H2S04 effects.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfur dioxide
*Sulfuric acid
*Zinc
*Corrosion mechanisms
13B
07D
07B
11M
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
41
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please nod Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-027
2.
PB 80-167026
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOI»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MICROSCOPICAL ANLAYSIS OF AEROSOLS COLLECTED IN
ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
S. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Ronald G. Draftz and Kathryn Sevenn
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
IIT Research Institute
10 West 35th Street
Chicago, Illinois 60616
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AH-05 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-803078
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development -
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 6/75 to 10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
is. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A study of the concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) was conducted
at two sampling sites in St. Louis, Missouri during July 1975. One site located at
the southeastern boundary of the city was adjacent to an industrial area. The other
sampling site was located in the commercial downtown area of St. Louis. Selected
filters were analyzed microscopically to determine the types and sources of particles
contributtng to the TSP.
During twelve consecutive days of sampling, the TSP concentrations exceeded
75 ug/m3 at the industrial site on ten days and nine days at the commercial site. The
principal cause of high TSP concentrations, except for one sample from the industrial
site, was the mineral calcite, which accounted for approximately 50% to 80% of the
total TSP at both sites. Calcite particles were present at both sites as the primary
component regardless of wind direction, suggesting that the source of these particles
is pavement aggregate entrained by. vehicles.
The highest TSP concentration~214.4 ug/m3 recorded at the site-.near the industrial
area—was the only sample that showed significant contributions from industrial sources.
Approximately 60-75% of the TSP was due to coal and coke particles, probably produced
for, pr used in, metallurgical reduction. Another 5-15% of the TSP was composed of
titanium dioxide and hvdrated iron oxides, probably from pigment production.
17.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Microscopy
Calcite
St. Louis, MO
13B
07D
14B
08G
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. Of PAGES
59
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9>73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-028a
2.
PB 80-175102
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG WITH KINETIC
MECHANISMS
Volume 1. Final Report
S. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. Z. Whitten, J.P. Killus, and H. Hogo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
EF79-124
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San Rafael, California 9A903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AC-054 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2428
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
3. TYPE OF REPORT ANC
Final 7/78-9/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Mechanisms that describe the formation of photochemical smog are developed
using a computer modeling technique directed toward the simulation of data collected
in two smog chambers: an indoor chamber and a dual outdoor chamber. The results
of simulating 164 different experiments are presented in Vol. 1. Individual com-
pounds for which specific experiments were simulated and mechanisms developed
include the following: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene, propylene, butane,
and toluene. Experiments in both chambers were simulated for all these compounds.
The mechanisms reported describe the decay of the precursor organic compound,
formation and decay of secondary organic compounds, conversion of nitrogen oxides,
formation of nitrates, and the appearance and decay of ozone. Special emphasis is
given to the chemistry of toluene. Also included is a study of a generalized
smog-based or carbon-bond mechanism developed in a previous study. Volume 2
contains the user's manual and coding for a chemical kinetics computer program,
CHEMK.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air Pollution
* Reaction kinetics
* Photochemical reactions
* Test chambers
* Mathematical models
* Computerized simulation
13B
07D
07E
14B
12A
09B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
362
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (S-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-028b
2.
PB 80-181084
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOMNO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG WITH KINETIC
MECHANISMS Volume 2. CHEMK: A Computer Modeling
Scheme for Chemical Kinetics
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
G. Z. Whitten and H. Hogo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
EF78-107R
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Systems Applications, Incorporated
950 Northgate Drive
San rafael, California 94903
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AC-054 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2428
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 7/78-9/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Mechanisms that describe the formation of photochemical smog are developed
using a computer modeling technique directed toward the simulation of data collected
in two smog chambers: an indoor chamber and a dual outdoor chamber. The results
of simulating 164 different experiments are presented in Vol. 1. Individual com-
pounds for which specific experiments were simulated and mechanisms developed
include the following: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethylene, propylene, butane,
and toluene. Experiments in both chambers were simulated for all these compounds.
The mechanisms reported describe the decay of the precursor organic compound,
formation and decay of secondary organic compounds, conversion of nitrogen oxides,
formation of nitrates, and the appearance and decay of ozone. Special emphasis is
given to the chemistry of toluene. Also included is a study of a generalized
smog-based or carbon-bond mechanism developed in a previous study. Volume 2
contains the user's manual and coding for a chemical kinetics computer program,
CHEMK.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
*
*
Air pollution
Reaction kinetics
Photochemical reactions
Test chambers
Mathematical models
Computerized simulation
13B
07D
07E
14B
12A
09B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
113
(This page)
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-029
2.
PB 80-169675
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
COMPUTER MODELING OF SIMULATED PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG
Final Report
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D.. G. Hendry, A.C. Baldwin, and D. M. Golden
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AC-27 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2427
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Trianele Park. North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Q/77 - 8/7Q
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Efforts to develop chemical kinetic mechanisms to describe the formation of
photochemical sinog are discussed. Detailed mechanisms for the atmospheric reactions
of toluene, m-xylene, propene, ethene, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were con-
structed from available experimental and chemical kinetic data. These mechanisms
were used to simulate smog chamber data from the Statewide Air Pollution Research
Center at the University of California, Riverside and the outdoor facility of the
University of North Carolina.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Reaction kinetics
* Photochemical reactions
* Mathematical models
* Computerized simulation
13B
07D
07E
12A
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
215
2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage!
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read laumcrions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-072
2.
PB80-198989
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS OF SELECTED TOXIC ORGANIC.
CHEMICALS
Interim Reoort - 1979
5. REPORT DATE
July 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
H.B. Singh, L.J. Salas, A. Smith, and H. Shigeishi
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
/r>7-mg;? n^
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO'.~
R805990-01
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Interim
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Atmospheric concentrations of 37 selected toxic organic chemicals, including
aromatic hydrocarbons, halohydrocarbons, and secondary organic pollutants were
measured under varying meteorological and source-strength conditions at several
urban locations - Los Angeles, California; Phoenix, Arizona; and Oakland, California.
Ambient air measurements of these chemicals were conducted from a suitably equipped
mobile laboratory using specifically developed analytical techniques. Preliminary
results on concentrations and variability, average daily exposure dosage, diurnal
behavior, and atmospheric distribution, abundance, arid fate are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
* Hazardous materials
* Aromatic hydrocarbon
* Haloalkanes
* Chlorobenzenes
* Phosgene
* Peroxy organic compounds
* Measurement
Development
Chemical analysis
Chloroethylenes .
Methods development
13B
11G
07C
07D
TATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (THIS Report)
TINrr.ASSTTiTFT>
21. NO. OF PAGES
77
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thilpagt)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 <»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1.
4.
7.
9.
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-Q84
PB80-221948
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
FATE OF TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS IN
THE AIR ENVIRONMENT
AUTHOR(S)
Larry T. Cupitt
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME At>
Environmental Sciences Rese
Office of Research and Deve
U.S. Environmental Protectd
Research Triangle Park, Noi
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADC
Environmental Sciences Res<
Office of Research and Devt
U.S. Environmental Protect i
Research Triangle Park, Noi
ID ADDRESS
•arch Laboratory
ilopment
^on Agency
•th Carolina 27711
IRESS
iarch Laboratory - RTP, NC
ilopment
.on Agency
:th Carolina 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
September 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
05A1A/07 - 0016 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/ 600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The atmospheric fate of potentially toxic /hazardous chemicals currently
undergoing assessment by EPA was evaluated. Both chemical and physical removal
processes are discussed. Mathematical descriptions of physical removal mechanisms
were developed and applied to specific chemicals, i.e., acrylonitrile, ethylene
dichloride, perchloroethylene, vinylidene chloride and benzo(a)pyrene. Estimates
of physical removal by rainfall suggest half-lives of 300 days or longer for these
compounds. Calculations based on reported photo-decomposition rates of halomethanes
in contact with silica surfaces (e.g., desert sands) suggest half-lives on the order
of 25 years for such halogenated chemicals, and dry deposition of the other compounds
of interest is probably equally slow. Adsorption on aerosol particles is a reasonable
removal mechanism only for benzo(a)pyrene, and all physical removal processes are
generally demonstrated to be rather inefficient. Forty-six individual materials
were evaluated relative to their probable fates and tropospheric lifetimes. Known
or theoretical rate constants are listed for reaction with hydroxyl radicals and
ozone. The probability of photolysis and of physical removal was assessed, and
residence lifetimes assigned. Probable products of tropospheric oxidation processes
were also tabulated.
17
a.
18
DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution ^
* Hazardous materials
* Photochemical reactions
* Reaction kinetics
* Scavenging
* Adsorption
* Dissolving
* Deposition
. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS ~"~
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Half-life «B
07E
07D
13H
18H
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/ 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 35
20- 5vxZi£ssimtThi"""e>
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/3-80-088
2.
PB80-221930
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL SIZE MEASUREMENT BY ELECTRICAL MOBILITY
AND DIFFUSION ANALYSIS
A Comparison of Methods
5. REPORT DATE
September 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
J. Bricard, G. Madelaine and M.L. Perrin
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C07A1D/01-0433 (FY-80)
University of Paris
Paris, France
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
804370
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 9/76 - 9/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The principle of the electrical aerosol analyzer method is reviewed and the
diffusion battery method is described in detail. An appendix explains the basis of
the calculations used. The diffusion battery method is complicated by counting
losses of very small particles, inherent to condensation nuclei counters. A calibra-
tion of such counters is described, and results are introduced into the diffusion
battery method; the mathematical details of this correction are discussed in a
second appendix. Thus, the real size distribution of a polydisperse, ultrafine
aerosol is obtained.
The experimental use of the diffusion battery method is described for a mono-
disperse aerosol produced by radiolysis of gaseous impurities of air, and the smallest
particle diameter detectable with this method is determined. The two methods are
compared for aerosols produced by radiolysis and photolysis of gaseous impurities of
air; they are in good agreement only for particles larger than 0.01-0.02 pm diameter.
The electrical aerosol analyzer gives no useful data for smaller particles. The two
methods are compared using an experimental device modified for atmospheric aerosol
measurement. These results confirm laboratory results; we obtain a good agreement
between the two methods for particles with diameter greater than 0.01 ytn, and no
measurements with the electrical aerosol analyzer are possible for smaller particles.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COS AT I Field/Group
Air pollution
*Aeroso1s
Particle size distribution
Reviews
Electrical aerosol
analyzer method
Diffusion battery
method
13B
07D
05B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
79
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-004
2.
PB 80-166994
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
CHEMISTRY OF PRECIPITATION FROM SEQUENTIALLY
SAMPLED STORMS
January IQRfl
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
JJ(. Robertson, T.W. Dolzlne, R.C. Graham
I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
The Science Research Laboratory
United States Military Academy
West Point, NY 10996
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AE-008 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
IA6-D6-0012
12.-SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final Oct 1976 - Sep 1978
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Sequential sampling techniques and applications to collect precipitation
are reviewed. Chemical data for samples collected by an intensity-weighted
sequential sampling device in operation at the U.S. Military Academy, West
Point, New York from October 1976 to April 1978 are presented and discussed.
The problem of dry deposition is explored. A newly designed Intensity-weighted
sequential sampler that excludes dry deposition is presented.
The experiments have shown that intensity-weighted sequential sampling
is a viable technique for monitoring the rapid changes in precipitation
chemistry within a storm. Complete chemical data are needed from individual
storms to evaluate intensity related scavenging.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
*Scavenging
*Raindrops
*Sequential Sampling
Chemical Analysis
*Chemical Reactions
Reaction Kinetics
Wst Point, NY
Dry Deposition
13B
13H
04B
12A
14B
07D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
127
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 19-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing;
1.
4.
7.
9.
12
15
16
17.
a.
IB
REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-006
PB 80-169691
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Gas Chromatography Laboratory Operation
AUTHOR(S)
G. Cardwell
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AN
Rockwell International
Environmental Monitoring &
11640 Administration Drive
Opve Coeur. MO 63141
.; SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADO
Environmental Sciences Res
Office of Research and Dev
U.S. Environmental Protect
Research Trianale Park, N.
. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
ID ADDRESS
Services Center
RESS
earch Laboratory - RTP, N.C.
elopment
ion Agency
C. 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
6. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-126 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order 113
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
. ABSTRACT
A gas chromatography laboratory was set up to analyze air samples collected in Teflon
bags and stainless steel tanks. Samples were analyzed for total hydrocarbons,
methane, CO, and C,-Cin hydrocarbons. A total of 455 samples, including replicates,
were analyzed during tHe summer and fall of 1976. Many samples were collected at
12 of the Regional Air Monitoring Systems (RAMS) sites to yield data on spatial and
temporal distributions of hydrocarbons. Additional sampling was performed to study
ethyl ene contamination in and around RAMS stations. Roadway samples were collected
to determine the composition of freshly emitted vehicular pollution. Quality control
audits indicated good system performance during the study. Replicate samples indi-
cated good reproducibility for samples stored for as long as six days in the Teflon
bags .
All data, including sums of paraffins, olefins, aromatic, and total non-methane
hydrocarbons are stored in the RAPS Data Bank at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina.
DESCRIPTORS
*Air pollution
*Hydrocarbons
*Carbon monoxide
*Gas chromatography
*Chemical laboratories
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Regional Air Pollution 13B
Study 07C
St. Louis, MO 07B
07D
14D
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report) 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 139
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION it OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing/
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-007
2.
PB80-147283
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY
Effects of Airborne Sulfur Pollutants on Materials
5. REPORT DATE
January 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
F.flansfeld
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Rockwell International
Environmental Monitoring & Services Center
11640 Administration Drive
Creve Coeur, MO 63141
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-126 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2093
Task Order 112
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Samples of galvanized steel, weathering steel, Al 2014 and 7079 stress samples, silver
marble, nylon and two types of house paint were exposed at nine sites of the Regional
Air Monitoring System in the St. Louis area. Wind speed and direction, temperature,
dew point, total sulfur, SOz, H?S, 03, NO , total hydrocarbons, total suspended par-
ti cu late matter, sulfate and nitrate were Recorded.
For galvanized steel a pronounced effect of time of first exposure was observed. The
corrosion behavior of weathering steel was not seasonally dependent. House paint show
ed discontinuous erosive behavior. Exposure to the south was more erosive than ex-
posure to the north. Rates for latex paint were higher than for oil based paint.
The erosion rate of marble decreased with time. At some sites 50% refectance oss of
silver occurred after 3 months exposure. All samples of Al 7079 at 25 Ksi fa^ed in
less than 255 days, while complete failure at 15 Ksi occurred between 277 and 630
days. For Al 2014 more scatter was observed.
The pollution levels in St. Louis were found to be rather low. Ozone showed similar
seasonal changes as the temperature. Sites close to the center o^- Louis had lower
ozone but higher NOX and total hydrocarbon levels. Sulfate was about twice as high in|
summea as in winter* A first attempt at multiple regression w81^"^*^!',,^^
ent inconsistencies in the estimated effects are believed to be due to multi coll mean
ty
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Croup
*Air pollution *Silver
Sulfur oxides *Marble
Sulfates *Nylon
*Deterioration *Paints
*High strength steels
*Zinc coatings
*A1umi num
13B
07B
11F
nc
08G
111
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
178
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page/
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-012
2.
PB 80-166879
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
A. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
SELECT RESEARCH GROUP IN AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY
Final Report
6. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTMOR(S)
R. Anthes, A. Blackadar, R. Kabel, J. Lumley,
H. Tennekes and D. Thompson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG \NIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Dept. of Meteorology and Center for Air Environment
Studies.
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
1O. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AB-02 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
R-800297
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 5/72-° '•">
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An interdisciplinary program in air pollution meteorology at the Pennsylvania
State University lasting from May 1, 1972 to March 31, 1978 identified as a central
problem, the development of a comprehensive mesoscale predictive transport model
capable of nesting within a global scale grid system and sufficiently flexible in
scale to be used for either regional or urban problems. The treatment of the boundary
is sufficiently general to permit application of the model to complex terrain
problems. Also included in the group's effort have been a variety of subsidiary
one- and two-dimensional models for the prediction of mixed layer depth, nocturnal
mixed layer evolution, and buoyantly driven convection regimes. Work was also done
on deposition processes and on facility development for measurements of air quality
and model validation needs.
This final report presents summaries of the major tasks, together with refer-
ences and abstracts of published papers and dissertations produced by the investi-
gators and their students.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/GlOUp
* Air pollution
* Meteorology
* Mathematical models
* Boundary layer
13B
04B
04A
12A
20D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report I
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
87
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (8-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/4-80-013a PB 80-178346
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE REAL-TIME AIR-QUALITY MODEL USING
THE RAPS DATA BASE
Volume 1. Overview
7. AUTHOR(S)
Ronald Er Ruff
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Final Report
SRI Project 6868
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-26 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2770
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
FINAL 8/77-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
16. ABSTRACT
The theory and programming of statistical tests for evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM) using the
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data base are fully documented in four report volumes. Moreover, the tests
are generally applicable to other model evaluation problems. Volume 1 presents an overview of the tests, displays.
software, and application of the resulting statistical package.
17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT
a. DESCRIPTORS b.lDENTI
* Air pollution Real-T
* Mathematical models Region
* EvaJuation Dau
• Tests
* Computer systems programs
* Statistical tests
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT 19. SECU
UNCL/
RELEASE TO PUBLIC 20 SECU
UNCLA
ANALYSIS
FIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
ime Air-Quality Model
al Air Pollution Study
i Base
RITY CLASS (This Report/
LSSIFIED
RITY CLASS (Thit page/
iSSIFlED
c. COSATI Held/Group
13B
12A
14B
09B
21. NO. OF PAGES
28
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R»». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Inttructiora on the reverse before completing)
1. HEPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-013b
2.
PB 80-178353
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESS!Of*NO.
'.. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE REAL-TIME AIR-QUALITY MODEL USING
THE RAPS DATA BASE
Volume 2. Statistical Procedures
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOH(S)
Harold S. Javitz and Ronald E. Ruff
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Final Report
SRI Project 6868
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 A-26 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2770
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
FINAL 8/77-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The theory and programming of statistical tests for evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM) using the
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data base are fully documented in four volumes. Moreover, the tests are
generally applicable to other model evaluation problems. Volume 2 presents the tests considered for evaluating
air-quality simulation models in general and those that would be useful in evaluating the RAM. The capability of
the RAM to predict sulfur dioxide (S02) concentrations was of particular interest. Specific tests for both inter-
mediate and final evaluations are recommended, with accompanying descriptions of formats, plots, and procedures
to establish confidence limits. Discussion focuses on the mathematics, procedures, and interpretation of the
individual tests; their relevance to the project objectives; and possible trade-offs among tests.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATi Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Mathematical models
* Evaluation
* Tests
* Computer systems programs
.* Statistical tests
Real-Time Air-Quality Model
Regional Air Pollution Study
Data Base
13B
12A
14B
09B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
57
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-013C
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE REAL-TIME
THE RAPS DATA BASE
Volume 3. Program User's Guide
2.
PB 80-178361
AIR-QUALITY MODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.E. Ruff, H. Shigeishi, and R.H. Allen (Comp-Aid, Inc.)
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOORE5S
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADC
Environmental Sciences Research Labc
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. North Carolin
RESS
ratory RTP NC
i 27711
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOf#NO.
5. REPORT DATE
L USING February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Final Report
SRI Project 6868
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-26 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2770
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
FINAL 8/77-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The theory and programming of statistical tests for evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM) using the
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data base are fully documented in four volumes. Moreover, the tests are
generally applicable to other model evaluation problems. Volume 3 presents the software used in the statistical
tests for evaluating the RAM. Six statistical tests are described, with attention to the programming philosophy
behind them. Also presented is a review of the auxiliary software that sort, retrieve, format, and display the data.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS
* Air pollution
* Mathematical models
* Evaluation
* Tests
* Computer systems programs
* Statistical tests
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Croup
Real-Time Air-Quality Model 13B
Regional Air Pollution Study 12A
Data Base 14B
09B
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/ 21. NO. OF PAGES
UNCLASSIFIED 138
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page) 22. PRICE
UNCLASSIFIED
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Imtouctioiu on the rtvene before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-013d
2.
PB 80-178379
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
EVALUATION OF THE REAL-TIME AIR-QUALITY MODEL USING
THE RAPS DATA BASE
Volume 4. Evaluation Guide
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
February 1980
7. AUTHOR(S)
Ronald E. Ruff
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Final Report
SRI Project 6868
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, California 94025
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603 AA-26 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2770
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
FINAL 8/77-4/79
14. SPONSORING AGENCY COOE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The theory and programming of statistical tests for evaluating the Real-Time Air-Quality Model (RAM) using the
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) data base are fully documented in four volumes. Moreover, the tests are
generally applicable to other model evaluation problems. Volume 4 discusses the application and interpretation
of the statistical programs, particularly with regard to use on the RAM. In general, there is no set procedure for
evaluating an air-quality model because of the different reasons for evaluating models and many subjective
decisions to be made during the process. However, guidelines are presented to cover a wide variety of evaluation
needs, with attention to data preparation, classification, analysis, selection and application of tests, and interpre-
tation of results. Several methods of diagnosing causes of poor model performance are discussed and some
sample program outputs are also provided.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
• Air Pollution
* Mathematical models
* Evaluation
* Tests
* Computer systems programs
.* Statistical tests
Real-Time Air-Quality Model
Regional Air Pollution Study
Data Base
13B
12A
14B
09B
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
57
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. REPOirr NO.
EPA-GOO/4-80-038
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH STAGNATION
AND RESTRICTED VISIBILITY
Eastern North America, August 1976
5-REP°RJuTyTE1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Gerard A. DeMarrais
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
(Same as Block 12)
A05AIA/08-0003 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory *? RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711 '
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In-house
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
August 16 to 22 was designated as a stagnation period for a large part of
the eastern United States by the Korshover technique, and Lyons and his associates
judged August 16 to 28 to be a stagnation period. The effect of the 13 days of
stagnation on five pollutants (total suspended particulates, carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, ozone and sulfates) and the association of various pollutants
with restricted visibility are discussed in detail. Because long-range transport
contributes to high concentrations of pollutants, trajectory analyses are
included to indicate the approximate source-receptor relationships.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Particles
Carbon monoxide
Sulfur dioxide
Ozone
Sulfates
Anticyclones
Visibility
Eastern North America
13B
078
04B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report!
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
83
2O. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-039
2.
PB80-199003
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIO^NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ENAMAP-1 LCNG-TEPM SC>2 AND SULFATE POLLUTION MODEL
Adaptation and Application to Eastern North America
5. REPORT DATE
July 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. M. Bhumralkar, R. L. Mancuso, D. E. Wold,
R. A. Thuillier, K. C. Nitz, and W. B. Johnson
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORG 1NIZATION NAME ANO AOORESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
SRI International
333 Ravenswood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
C1MH1E/01-0511 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
Contract No. 68-02-2959
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO AOORESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - FTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Triangle Park. North Carolina 77711
13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
Final 8/78 - 3/80
14. SPONSORING AGENCY COOE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The long-term EURMAP-L model, a trajectory-type regional air pollution model exten-
sively evaluated and applied in Europe in conjunction with studies of interregional
sulfur transport and deposition, was adapted,tested, and applied to eastern North
America. The adapted version, ENAMAP-1, was used to calculatejnonthly, seasonal, and
annual distributions of sulfur dioxide and sulfate (S02 and S07) concentrations and
wet and dry depositions over the eastern United States, as well as over the southern
portions of the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario. This geographical area was
partitioned into 13 different regions and interregional sulfur exchanges calculated.
Model calculations were based on emission data that included both the specialized data
prepared for the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE) and the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's National Emissions Data System (NEDS).
Model results using emissions and meteorological data for the year 1977 are presented.
Results include tables showing the calculated interregional exchanges of sulfur de-
position between the 13 regions of eastern.North America. Comparisons were made
between calculated and measured S02 and S07 concentrations. Calculated and measured
values show reasonable agreement and indicate that improvements in the calculated
values may be achieved by refinements in the modeling of mixing heights and stability.
Results are also shown for an application of the model using projected 1985 emissions
in coniunction with meteoroloaical data for 1977. _^_
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
* Air Pollution
Data
* Meteorological data
* Mathematical models
* Sulfur dioxide
* Sulfates
Eastern North America
Long-term model
13B
04B
12A
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
102
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/4-80-041
2.
PB80-221591
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
TITLE AND SUBTITLE
LIVERMORE REGIONAL AIR QUALITY (LIRAQ) MODEL
Transfer To EPA
5. REPORT DATE
August 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
William H. Duewer, John J. Walton, Keith E. Grant, and
Hoyt Walker
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
University of California
Livermore, CA 94550
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA6Q3A AA-Q47 CFY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-D5-0738
EPA-IAG-D7-Q12Q2
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory -- RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Methods were developed to convert data from the Regional Atr Pollution/
Regional Air Monitoring Study (RAPS/RAMS) into a format compatible with the
Livermore Regional Air Quality (LIRAQ) models. Changes made in the LIRAQ
models include (1) improved map plotting routines, (2) updated chemical
mechanism, and (3) a partial S02 oxidation mechanism. Several appendices
are intended to serve as a user*s guide to the LIRAQ models and the associated
data conversion routines.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Mathematical models
Livermore Regional
Air Quality
(LIRAQ) models
138
12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
230
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-79-243
2.
PB 80-139041
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CHARACTERIZATION OF VISIBILITY-REDUCING AEROSOLS IN
THE SOUTHWEST
Project VISTTA Progress Report No. 1
5. REPORT DATE
November 1979
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
E.S. Macias, D.L. Blumenthal, J.A. Anderson and
B.K. Cantrell
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
MRI 78IR-1585
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND AOORESS
Meteorology Research, Inc.
Box 637, 464 West Woodbury Rd.
Altadena, CA 91001
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EA-13 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2713
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND AOORESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final 10/1/77 - 10/10/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The atmospheric visibility-reducing aerosol in the Southwest has been ex-
perimentally characterized with respect to particle size, composition, and contri-
bution to light scattering. Measurements were taken within the mixing layer using
the MRI instrumented Beechcraft Queen Air aircraft. The aircraft was equipped to
measure and record on magnetic tape the light-scattering coefficient, Aitken nuclei
count, size distribution, ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, temperature, dew
point, turbulence, pressure (altitude), and navigational parameters. Multistage
impactor and size-fractionated filter samples were also collected in order to de-
termine aerosol elemental composition as a function of size. Visual range estimates
were obtained by viewing distant landmarks and verified by optical photography.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Sulfur oxides
Visibility
*Light scattering
*Plumes
*Measurement aircraft
Project VISTTA
Southwest
13B
07D
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report/
IIMri ASSTFTFH
21. NO. OF PAGES
68
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page>
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220—1 (Rev. 4—77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
IPteau read Interactions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-025
2.
PB80-194962
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AEROSOL SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION STUDY in ST. LOUIS
Trace Element Analysis
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Kenneth A. Hardy
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Department of Physical Sciences
Florida International University
Miami, Florida 33199
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE625 EA-011 (FY-76)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2406
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The aerosol in St. Louis was sampled in July 1975 to better characterize the
aerosol in an urban environment with moderate dispersion characteristics and heavy
industrial activity. Two sampling sites were chosen, one in downtown St. Louis and
a second close to the industrialized section in south St. Louis.
Aerosol source coefficients show that the aerosol from the downtown site is pri-
marily from coal (60-80%), cement dust (17%), steel manufacturing (6-7%) and auto
emissions (3%). The aerosol from the industrialized site is primarily due to coal
combustion products and dust (75%), and cement dust (15%), while auto emissions and
heavy industrial processes account for ^5% of the aerosol mass. Determining the
directional distribution of the aerosol trace elements allowed pinpointing of strong
local sources.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIEHS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Chemical elements
*Chemical analysis
*Sources
Identifying
St. Louis, MO
13B
07D
07B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC'
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
198
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-028
2.
PB 80-179302
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
AMBIENT HYDROCARBONS AND OZONE CONCENTRATIONS NEAR A
REFINERY
Benicia, California 1975
5. REPORT DATE
February 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
K. Sexton and H. Westberg
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Air Resources Section
Chemical Engineering Department
Washington State University
Pullman, Washington 99164
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE 625 EA-01 FY-77
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2239
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
As part of an effort to characterize airborne emissions from petroleum
refineries, an ambient air monitoring study was conducted near the Exxon
refinery at Benicia, California, during September 8-22, 1975. Ground-level
sampling facilities and an airplane equipped with air pollutant monitoring
instruments provided an integrated, three dimensional monitoring network.
Measurements included ozone, oxides of nitrogen, methane, carbon monoxide,
individual C* " Cg hydrocarbons, halocarbons, condensation. Increased con-
centrations of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, condensation nuclei and nitrogen
oxides, as well as decreased ozone levels were observed less than five miles
from the refinery. At distances greater than 5 miles, elevated condensation
nuclei and hydrocarbons were still observed but no discernible differences
from background could be detected in NO , 0_, and CO. High ozone levels,
greater than 100 ppb, were observed in the river delta region downwind of
the refinery east of Antioch. However, all the available data suggest that
the ozone buildup is a result of emissions upwind along the heavily industrialize
area between Richmond and Antioch. The Exxon refinery could not be singled out
as contributing significantly to the ozone buildup.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Hydrocarbons
* Nitrogen oxides
* Ozone
* Photochemical reactions
* Refineries
Benicia, CA
13B
07C
07B
07E
131
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
212
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-070
2.
PB80-181225
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CHARACTERIZATION OF SCRUBBED AND UNSCRUBBED
POWER PLANT PLUMES
Three Case Studies
5. REPORT DATE
March 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Jeffrey L. Stith, Donald L.
A. Andpr<:nn
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Blumenthal, and
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Meteorology Research, Inc.
3402 Mendocino Avenue
Santa Rosa, California 95401
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE625 EA30 (FY78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2968
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
Airborne measurements of scrubbed and unscrubbed emissions from the Widows
Creek Power Plant were carried out during August 17-25, 1978. The results of the
analysis of the measurements taken during three case study days are described.
S02 gas-to-particle conversion rates calculated for mixtures of scrubbed and
unscrubbed emissions were between 0.3-4% hr"1. Secondary particles were formed in
both the nuclei (particles <0.05 urn) mode in the accumulation mode (0.05-1.0 urn).
In one instance, in a plume consisting largely of scrubbed emissions in relatively
clean background air, most of the secondary particles were produced in the nuclei
mode amounted to between 0.2 and 3% of the total secondary aerosol. Day to day
variations in ambient sulfate levels were at least as great as the increase in
sulfate levels due to the plume. The scrubbed plume was not a significant source
of particles greater than 1.0 ym or of primary sulfates in the submicron size range.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Evaluation
*Aerosols
*Plumes
*Electric power plants
Scrubbers
138
07D
10B
07A
131
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
74
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(flette read fmsavctioM on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-081
2.
PB80-195175
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOM»NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
BETA GAUGE INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE
MEASUREMENT OF AEROSOL MASS
B. REPORT DAT
>RTDATE
May 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.M. Jaklevic, R.C. Gatti, F.S. Goulding, and
B.W. Loo
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1NE833 EB-13 FY-79
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
EPA-IAG-79-DX0712
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Final
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
An instrument developed by LBL for the routine measurement of aerosol mass
using the beta-gauge particle attenuation method is described and evaluated.
Factors affecting the precision and accuracy of the measurement are discussed in
detail. Results of intercomparison studies between the beta-gauge method and
conventional gravimetric are presented. The design of the present instrument
is particularly well suited for the automatic analysis of membrane filters
obtained from modern dichotomous samplers.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Weight (mass)
^Measurement
Beta particles
Atenuation
Fluid filters
Membranes
Beta-gauge
13B
07D
20H
14K
11G
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This RtporT)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
38
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 222O-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing}
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-80-150
2.
PB80-219074
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
OBSERVATIONS OF FLOW AROUND CINDER CONE BUTTE, IDAHO
5. REPORT DATE
September 1980
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
W.H. Snyder, R.E. Lawson, Jr., R.S. Thompson and
CLC. Holzworth
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Fluid Modeling Report No. 9
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
10. P
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
In House 10/1/79 - 2/29/80
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
A preliminary one-week flow-visualization study was conducted on a
100 m high, isolated hill in a flat, broad river basin. Limited meteorologi-
cal observations were made to aid in the Interpretation of the flow-visualiza-
tion results. The site was judged to be well-suited for the first phase of
extensive studies to gain understanding*of the physical mechanisms governing
flow and diffusion of pollutants in complex terrain, in particular, plume
Impingement under stable flow conditions. Katabatic winds were found to
occur under light-wind, clear-sky conditions shortly after sunset. Separation
was found to occur on the lee slope of the hill under neutral conditions if
the slope angle exceeded approximately 25°. Recommendations are made con-
cerning instrumentation and procedures to be used in future studies.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Wind (meteorology)
A1r pollution
Hills
Atmospheric diffusion
Stratification
04B
13B
08F
04A
. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
35
2O. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Perm 222O-1 (»-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
\. REPORT NO.
EPA-60Q/8-80-016
PB80-197361
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
USER'S GUIDE FOR MPTER
A Multiple Point Gaussian Dispersion Algorithm With
Optional Terrain Adjustment
5. REPORT DATE
April 1980
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Thomas E. Pierce and D. Bruce Turner
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(same as block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C05A1A 10- 0008 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Tn —
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
ion presented in tnis user's guide is directed to ear pollu-
tion scientists interested in applying air quality simulation models. MPTER is the
designation for Multiple Point source algorithm with TERrain adjustments. This
algorithm is useful for estimating air quality concentrations of relatively non-
reactive pollutants; hourly estimates are made using the Gaussian steady-state model.
Die algorithm is most applicable for source-receptor distances less than 10 km and
for locations with level or rolling terrain where a single wind vector for each hour
adequately approximates the flow over the source and receptor sites. The terrain
adjustment option is limited in application to receptors whose elevation is no higher
than the lowest stack top elevation of the sources considered. Calculations are
performed on the hourly meteorological data that the model requires: wind direction,
wind speed, temperature, stability class, and mixing height. Emission information
required of the point sources are source coordinates, emission rate, physical height
stack diameter, stack gas exit velocity, and stack gas temperature. In addition to
terrain adjustment, options are available for stack downwash, gradual plume rise, and
buoyancy-induced dispersion. All printed output is optionally available so the user
can avoid unneeded output volume. General information is contained in the Executive
Summary and the first three chapters. The technical basis for the algorithm is given
in Chapter 4 and Appendices A and B. The remaining material herein relates to use and
tinderstandina of the computer Droaram for the aloorithm.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
*Air pollution
•Atmospheric models
Algorithms
*Atmospheric diffusion
13 B
04 A
12 A
IS. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
247
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thii page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
KPA Form 2220-1 (t-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-78-169
2. PB80-I84ZU6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS:
EXCITATION
5. REPORT DATE
SAMPLE LOSSES DURING
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.W. Shaw, Jrt and R.D. Willis
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
10. PROGRAM
1AD712 BE-18 (FY-77)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
*Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP.NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: In: Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Applications, Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, Inc., 1978. p. 51-64.
16. ABSTRACT
Many samples of atmospheric aerosols and biological materials containing
volatile or unstable species are now being examined by X-ray emission analysis,
and loss of these species by sample heating is a critical consideration. The
amount of heat energy deposited in a sample by the various modes of excitation
may vary by orders of magnitude. For example, if one were looking for sulfur
in 1-wm particles of (NH^SO*, and using projectiles at typical operating
energies (10-keV electrons or 3-MeV protons) as a means of excitation, about
103 keV of energy would be deposited per sulfur K-shell ionization produced;
while photons of energy 8-keV (using Cu Ka) would deposit only about 5-keV
for each K shell ionization. This paper presents calculations of energy
dissipation and sample heating and loss of Al, Cu, Au, PbBrCl and
under typical operating conditions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Aerosols
*X ray analysis
*Excitation
Heat
13B
07D
14B
20J
20M
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-048
2. PB 80-153058
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
Turbulent Diffusion from a Point Source in Stratified
and Neutral Flows around a Three Dimensional Hill
Part I. Diffusion Equation Analysis
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.C.R. Hunt, J.S.
Puttock, and W.H. Snyder
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-20(FY78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory—RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
The emphasis of the two parts of this paper is on diffusion of pollutants around
three-dimensional hills from upwind sources when the approach flow is stably strati-
fied. In Part I, two mathematical models are developed. The first, a potential flow
model, is applicable to strongly stratified flow, because under such conditions, the
fluid is constrained to move in essentially horizontal planes, and the problem may be
reduced to two-dimensions where potential flow theory is appropriate. The second,
an axisymmetric potential flow model, is applicable to weakly stratified or neutral
flow. The two models are used to compute streamline patterns in order to determine
how closely a plume center-line approaches the hill surface. Surface concentrations
are then calculated assuming a constant diffusivity along the streamlines. The
results show that the maximum surface concentration under strongly stable flow
conditions is highly sensitive to small changes in wind direction away from that which
transports the plume onto a stagnation point; under neutral conditions, streamlines
approach a three-dimensional hill surface much more closely than they do a two-
dimensional surface, with resulting surface concentrations being much higher. Part II
will show how these models compare with the results of laboratory experiments designed
to correspond approximately with the theoretical conditions.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air Pollution
Meteorology
*Plumes
*Atmospheric diffusion
*Hills
Wind tunnels
Wind tunnel models
*Mathematical models
13B
04B
21B
04A
08F
-12A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSTFTFD
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-065
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-177053
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF GASEOUS POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS
USING A MOBILE FOURIER TRANSFORM INTERFEROMETER SYSTEM
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
William F. Herget and James D. Brasher
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as Block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C07A1D 06-0020 (FY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory~RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Reference: Applied Optics 18(20):3404-3420 October 15, 1979
16. ABSTRACT
A commerical Fourier transform interferometer system with telescopic optics
has been installed in a van and used to make long-path absorption and
single-ended emission measurements of gaseous pollutant concentrations at a
number of geographical locations. The system covers the infrared spectral
region from 650 to 6000 cm'1 at a maximum resolution of 0.06 cm"1. For
many pollutants, concentrations in the 1-10 parts per billion range can be
detected over a 1 kilometer path length. To date, measurements have been
made in the absorption mode across fertilizer plant gypsum ponds, an oil
refinery, and jet engine plumes; industrial stacks, waste gas flares, and
jet engine plumes have been studied in the emission mode.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. cos AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Gases
*Remote sensing
Measuring instruments
*0ptical interferometers
Mobile equipment
13B
07D
14B
20F
15E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport/
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please rtad Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA 600/J-79-074
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB 80-1>17785
|4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
A MICROCOMPUTER-MODIFIED ELECTRICAL
AEROSOL ANALYZER
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Charles W. Lewis
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BB 19 LFY78^>
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, fC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711 '
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Aerosol Sci., 10_:471-475, 1979,
16. ABSTRACT
A commercial Electrical Aerosol Analyzer has been modified through addition of
a digital voltmeter, a microcomputer and a printer. In unattended operation the
system can acquire a differential particle size distribution, print and plot the
resulting spectrum in any of three possible representations, and repeat the cycle at
preselected intervals.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS |c. COS AT I Field/Group
*Air pollution
*Aerosols
*Analyzers
Revisions
Microcomputer
13B
07 D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportf
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (THIS page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before compleringl
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-084
2- Journal Article
PB80-184237
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
AN OVERVIEW OF THE EPA PROGRAMS FOR GROUND-BASED REMOTE
SENSING OF AIR POLLUTION
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS/
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
William F. Herget
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AD712 BC-035 (FY-79)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: In: Proc. Soc. Photo-Optical Instrum. Eng., Vol. 195 - Atmospheric Effects
on Radiative Transfer, C.B. Ludwig, ed. San Diego, Calif., 1979. pp. 87-9;
16. ABSTRACT
Remote sensing methods offer various advantages over contact measurement methods
both for characterizing the gaseous and particulate air pollutants emitted by different
types of sources and for verifying that established emission standards are being met
by regulated industries. Two such instrumentation systems are in routine use for
characterization studies: a mobile pulsed ruby lidar system measures stack plume
opacity with an accuracy comparable to an 1n-stack transmlssometer; and a mobile high
resolution (0.1 cnr') Infrared spectrometer system measures multiple gaseous species
concentrations in a longpath absorption mode or in a single-ended emission mode with
near-laboratory accuracy. A laser-Doppler velocimeter system for measuring the
velocity of stack plumes and winds aloft has recently been obtained. Several systems
particularly aimed at meeting the measurement needs of enforcement personnel are under
evaluation. Tuneable laser systems for use in the longpath absorption mode and in the
differential absorption lidar mode are in various stages of development. Research
programs are underway to determine the feasibility of remotely measuring particulate
size distributions and pollutant (gases and particles) mass emission rates. This
paper presents results obtained with the instruments currently in use and summarizes
the current state of development of the various other systems.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Held/Group
*Air pollution
*Remote sensing
*Research projects
*Reviews
13B
14B
14F
05B
"8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (Tliis Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«». 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is oesoi ETE
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-79-035
2.
Journal Art
PB80-T84294
icle
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
AIR POLLUTION:
GROUND-BASED SENSING OF SOURCE EMISSIONS
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
William F. Merget
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
Ervironirental Sciences Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
1AD712 BC-35 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Science Research Laboratory-RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15.SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES REFERENCE: FOUK1EK IK/\rU>hUKM INhKAKtL) 5HtLIKU5LUHY
Applications to Chemical Systems, Vol. 2, J.R. Ferraro and L.J. Basile, eds.
Academic Press, Inc., NYC, NY, 1979. pp.111-127.
16. ABSTRACT
Some types of gaseous pollution sources, particulary extended area indus-
trial complexes and those producing hot combustion products, cannot be monitored
adequa tely with conventional point"sampling methods. To aid in characterizing
emissions from and in developing remote sensing methods for application to such sources
a high-resolution (0.06 cnf') infrared spectrometer system has been installed in a van.
This system can be used with a remote light source to make longpath absorption measure-
ments in the atmosphere or can be used in a single-ended mode to obtain emission spec-
tra of hot gases. Initial measurements were made across a fertilizer plant gypsum pond
hydrogen fluoride was measured in the 10-5C pob range. Measurements at an oil refinery
showed propylene, ethylene, methanol, other hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, and carbon
monoxide in ppb to ppm levels. Jet engine emissions were also evaluated. The
measurement system is described and data from the above three measurement programs
are presented.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* Air pollution
* Gases
* Remote sensing
* Infrared spectrometer
Mobile equipment
13B
07D
14B
15E
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReportJ
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R»v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleat read Jmuruetiatu an the reverie before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-80-003
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB80-19599
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOM>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
S. REPORT DATE
COMPOSITION OF SIZE-FRACTIONATED AEROSOL
IK CHARLESTON, WEST VIRGINIA
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
C. Lewis and E. Macias
t. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Ti-ianolo Payb HP 97711
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
TT> -IP fWtO\
11. CO
MQ
NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTP, N.C
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Tr-ianol* PaHt VC ?771 1
13. TYPE OP REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
'14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Atmos. Environ., 14:185-194, 1980.
16. ABSTRACT
Atmospheric aerosols were collected during a 21 day period in late summer of
1976 is Charleston, West Virginia, using five dichctomous virtual iapactor samplers
simultaneously. The resulting coarse and fine aerosol were analyzed with a variety
of physical and chemical methods: gravimetrically for total Bass; by XRF for
elements heavier than Mg; by proton induced gamma-ray emission for C, N and S; by
ion chromatography for sulfate, nitrate and Na; and by ion selective electrode for
ammonia.
It was inferred that sulfur and nitrogen in the fine fraction were almost
entirely in the form of ammonium sulfate, accounting for 41% of the total fine
particle mass. Carbon was a large component of both fine and coarse particle mass,
constituting 16% and 12%, respectively.
Factor analysis of the data indicated that four factors were sufficient to
satisfactorily represent the variance of 26 measured parameters. The factors are
characteristic of crustal material, ammonium sulfate, automotive emissions, and an
unidentified anthropogenic source or set of sources.
7.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATi Field/Croup
* Air pollution
* Aerosols
* Particle size distribution
* Chemical analysis
Charleston, WV
13B
07D
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19.
(This Report)
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (Tttit put I
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
CPA Perm 2220*1 (»-73)
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
i. RE
W-880/J-80-005
2.
JOURNAL ARTICLE PB80-19'
CIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
COMPOUND FORMS of FOSSIL FUEL FLY ASH EMISSIONS
5. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
William M. Henry and Kenneth T. Knapp
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS
Battelle, Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, Ohio 43201
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
C07A1D/09-0406 CFY-80)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SP.ONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory - RTP, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: Environ. Sci. Tech., 14(4):450-456, April 1980.
16. ABSTRACT
A methodology for identifying inorganic compounds in particulate emissions from fossil
fuel combustion processes is described. Samples collected from power plants burning
coal and oil fuels of different compositions provided a typical range of fly ashes for
the investigations. Elemental (cation/anion) determinations of these samples were
used to guide the compound methodology work. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) was
the main technique used for compound identification. Water extractions of the samples
proved to be effective for separating soluble sulfate compounds from insoluble oxides
and silicates, and this reduced the complexity of the compound forms remaining in the
water soluble and water insoluble phases. A library of FT-IR reference spectra, pre-
pared and stored for ready recall, was found essential for identification of compound
species.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
Inorganic compounds
Fossil fuels
Fly ash
Chemical analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
13B
07B
21D
08G
218
07D
14B
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220.1 (Rev. 4-77)
PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
PB80-196942
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5. REPORT DATE
EXPERIMENTS ON STABLY AND NEUTRALLY STRATIFIED FLOW
OVER A MODEL THREE-DIMENSIONAL HILL
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
J.C.R. Hunt and William H. Snyder
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
(Same as block 12)
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1AA603A AB-20 (FY-78)
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory —RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. NC 277T1
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
REFERENCE: J. Fluid Mech., 96(part 4): 671-704, 1980.
16. ABSTRACT
The flow structure over a bell shaped hill (reciprocal of a fourth order
polynomial 1n cross section and height h) was studied in large and small stably
stratified towing tanks (with uniform density gradients) and in an unstratified
wind tunnel. Observations were made at Froude numbers F=U/(Nh) over the range 0.1
to 1.7 and at F=« (U 1s the towing speed and N 1s the Brunt-Vaisala
frequency). For FsO.4, the observations verify Drazins' (1961) theory for low
Froude number flow over 3-d1mensional obstacles and establish limits of applicability
For Froude numbers of order 1, the study shows that a classification of the lee wave
patterns and separated flow regions observed in 2-dimensional flows also appears to
apply to 3-dimensional hills.
Flow visualization techniques were used extensively to produce both qualitative
and quantitative information on the flow structure around the hill. Representative
photographs of dye tracers, potassium permanganate dye streaks, shadowgraphs, surface
dye smears, and hydrogen bubble patterns are included. While emphasis is centered on
obtaining a basic understanding of flow around 3-dimensional hills, the results are
applicable to estimating air pollutant dispersion around hills.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI Field/Group
* A1r pollution
* Wind (meteorology)
* Wind Tunnel models
* Hills
* Atmospheric diffusion
* Stratification
* Flow distribution
13B
04B
14B
08F
04A
20D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (This Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (R«v. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION is OBSOLETE
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Pleat read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/J-80-028
2. PB80-205636
JOURNAL ARTICLE
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF
DUST COLLECTED USING A VERTICAL ELUTRIATOR COTTON
DUST SAMPLER
6. REPORT DATE
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
R.E.
T.G.
Fornes R.D.
Dzubay
Gilbert and S.P Hersh1
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
School of Textiles
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, N.C. 27650
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1 AT171 7
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME ANO ADDRESS
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory — RTF, NC
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park. N.C. 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT ANO PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/09
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has been used to analyze trace element
concentrations in cotton dusts collected on verticle elutriator filter media.
Twenty-three samples collected from ten bales of cotton processed in a model card
room have been analyzed. The major elements in the dust detected by the XRF
technique are Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Ba. The XRF method has
been shown to give reproducible results and may be used to show differences between
airborne dusts in a card room. Similar analyses are reported of cotton dusts
collected on an areal sample.
7.
KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lOENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Air pollution
*Dust
*Cotton fibers
"Chemical elements
*Chemical analysis
X-ray fluorescence
13B
11G
HE
07B
O7D
20F
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
20. SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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