United States Environmental Protection Agency Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Corvallis, Oregon 97330 QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT March 31, 1983 ------- QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT March 31, 1983 ------- CONTENTS Acid Rain 1 Air Pollution Effects 17 Terrestrial Toxics/Pesticides 19 Superfund/Hazardous Wastes 31 Water Quality — Marine 36 Water Quality — Freshwater 39 Stratospheric Modification/UV-B Effects 47 Cold Climate 51 Appendix A -- Publications List 53 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Quantification of the Extent of Acidification and Sensitivity (Acid Rain) (CVN1A/51) Project Objectives: To compile relevant water quality data for use in assessing the extent of surface water acidification. Specific objectives are: 0 Identify, quantify, and map the extent and degree of acidification and sensitivity to acidification of lakes and streams in the United States. 0 Determine past and future trends in the acidification of surface waters. 0 Provide a verified, quality-assured data base from results of national survey to: Apply available methodology to predict surface water acidification based on given deposition rates. Correlate geographic patterns of surface water sensitivity and acidification with spatial patterns of climatic, geologic, physio- graphic, edaphic, and land-use factors. Output Status: 1. Output: Maps relating to sensitivity and acidification of surface waters in the United States: (a) National surface water sensitivity map based on total alkalinity measurements (09/82). Status: Published and distributed. (b) Working and photographic drafts of five detailed regional sensi- tivity maps based on total alkalinity (09/83). Status: Working and photographic draft of New York-New England map completed. Drafts of remaining four in various stages of comple- tion; next available will be Appalachian-Piedmont region. All maps will be completed on time. (c) Working and photographic draft of national map showing areas actually covered by lakes for quantitative assessment of waters at risk. Status: Completed. ------- 2. Output: Protocol manual on the appropriate parameters, procedures, and field sampling methodology for assessing the acidification of surface waters (01/83). Status: Final draft completed and distributed to participants in survey and monitoring programs and to numerous peer reviewers. 3. Output: Annual program report to identify sensitive and affected surface and groundwaters (09/83). Status: On schedule. 4. Output: Inventory of acidified surface waters and groundwaters; investi- gate historical trends in water chemistry data indicative of acidifica- tion (09/83). Status: On schedule. 5. Output: Interim report on monitoring long-term effects of acidic deposition on lakes and streams (09/83). Status: On schedule. Findings: Sensitivity maps show that, nationally, sensitive lakes and streams occur predominantly in New England, the Adirondacks, the Catskills, the Appalachians (particularly in Pennsylvania and the Southern Blue Ridge Province), in the Piedmont of the Carolinas and Georgia, and in some of the mountainous regions of the West. Low alkalinity waters shown for the Gulf states are receiving further investigation; they appear to be highly organic and are perhaps less sensitive than initially thought. Publications: Total Alkalinity of Surface Waters (color map and text). J. M. Omernik and C. F. Powers. EPA-600/D-82-333. September 1982. Project Manager: Charles F. Powers, FTS 420-4684 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Predictive Modeling of Surface Water Acidification (Acid Rain) (CNV1A/52) Project Objectives: To identify and quantify the factors that control the sensitivity of lakes, streams, and groundwaters to acidic deposition and determine how to predict aquatic acidification as a function of atmospheric loading rates. The specific objectives are: 0 Develop empirical time trend models capable of predicting regional responses to changes in acidic deposition rates; 0 Trace the transport of aluminum and fate in dilute acidified lakes; 0 Clarify aluminum biogeochemistry in forested watersheds exposed to acidic deposition; 0 Quantify the effects of soil infiltration characteristics on the chemistry of throughflow to aquatic systems; 0 Develop and apply process models for predicting effects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry. Output Status: 1. Output: Progress report on regression modeling of surface water acidification (06/83). Status: In peer review; no delay anticipated. 2. Output: Annual report on regression modeling of surface water acidifica- tion (09/83). Status: In final peer review; no delay anticipated. 3. Output: Report on current models of surface water acidification (09/83). Status: On schedule. Findings: No definite findings are available from output #1 or #2 at this time. A preliminary report available for #3 above indicates that further modeling work is required to meet NAPAP objectives. ------- Publications: No peer reviewed publications. Preliminary unpublished report exists for current models of surface water acidification. Project Manager: M. Robbins Church, FTS 420-4350 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Effects of Acid Rain on Aquatic Biota (Acid Rain) (CVN1A/53) Project Objectives: To determine the relationships between surface water acidification and biological processes, biological populations, and aquatic communities and how these relationships can be used to predict future biological and ecological effects. Three approaches (surveys, laboratory experiments, and field experiments) will be used to identify and quantify the effects of lake and stream acidification on aquatic biota. Emphasis is on identifying the effect under acidic or acidifying conditions, and the impacts on species of economic and recreational uses, particularly fish. Specific research objectives are: 0 Identify the biological effects of episodic vs. chronic acid loading; 0 Quantify individual and population effects of various levels of hydrogen ion, aluminum, heavy metals, and anthropogenically-produced organics on fish and other aquatic biota; 0 Determine the sensitivity of key aquatic species at various life stages, particularly the early life history stages; 0 Survey the response of aquatic populations, particulary fish, to sublethal effects of low pH. Geographic emphasis will be in areas currently receiving acidic precipitation or areas with surface waters highly sensitive to acidification (Northeast, upper Midwest, Appalachian Mountains, sections of the Rocky Mountains, the Cascades, and Sierra Nevada Mountains). This research will contribute to assessment of resources at risk in those areas. Output Status: 1. Output: Report on biological effects workshop (08/83). Status: On schedule. 2. Output: Report on sampling protocol for fish (08/83). Status: On schedule. 3. Output: Report on acidification effects on Atlantic salmon (05/84). Status: On schedule. ------- 4. Output: Report on effects of acid precipitation on the aquatic habitat and ecology of waterfowl and fish (05/84). Status: On schedule. 5. Output: Report on effects of benthic algal mat on phosphorus cycling (10/83). Status: On schedule. Findings: These projects have not been operating long enough to be able to draw any definite findings, however the early life history stages and reproduction appear to be the most sensitive to acidification. Population effects are usually the result of sublethal stress rather than acute toxicity. Project Manager: David F. Brakke, 206/676-3136 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Aquatic Effects on Human Health (Acid Rain) (CVN1A/54) Project Objectives: To integrate acid rain human health research into the federal-wide research program. MERL-Cincinnati has direct responsibility for investigating the acidification of drinking water sources and associated human health effects. A cooperative agreement between MERL-Cincinnati and the New England Water Works Association, initiated in FY81, has undertaken an assessment of New England surface and groundwater supplies, relying on analysis of historical records from water treatment facilities (completed in December 1982). Similar sampling and analysis are being done in New Jersey Pine Barrens area and Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina Appalachian Mountain areas (to be complete by July 1983). A cooperative agreement between MERL-Cincinnati and Syracuse University involves laboratory and field evaluations of limestone contactors for mitigating the corrosive characteristics of water. These are appropriate for individual systems and small water utilities that may have source waters impacted by acidic precipitation. This work emphasizes control of toxic metal concentrations. Output Status: 1. Output: Report on New York-New England water supplies (06/83). Status: Draft in preparation. 2. Output: Interim report on contactors (07/83). Status: Work on schedule. Findings: The majority of the 108 tap water samples from New York and the New England states do not exceed EPA's Maximum Contaminant Levels as given in the Primary Drinking Water Regulations. No sample exceeded the 0.010 mg/1 MCL for cadmium. The 0.05 mg/1 MCL for lead was exceeded for 7% of the samples. The secondary MCL for copper (1 mg/1) was exceeded by 29% of the samples. Research at Syracuse University shows that as acidified water remains in a limestone contactor for longer periods of time, pH and calcium content increase and the tendency to dissolve copper piping increases. Project Manager: Robert T. Lackey, FTS 420-4806 [Gary S. Logsdon — MERL-Cincinnati, FTS 684-7345] ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Development of Mitigation Strategies for Acidified Lakes and Streams (Acid Rain) (CVN1A/55) Project Objectives: To test management procedures and strategies by which lakes and streams can be temporarily protected from the harmful effects of acidic deposition, acidifi- cation, and associated metal-ion toxicity. These tests will also evaluate the potential for rehabilitation of aquatic systems already damaged by acidic input and will be conducted both where fish populations have been reduced by acidification and where fish populations are still nearly normal, but under stress. North American field and laboratory research will focus on a number of general research objectives: 0 Qualify the impacts of episodic events on fish and fish populations; 0 Quantify the impacts of metal toxicity on fish and fish populations; 0 Determine the optimal time and placement of base additions to restore aquatic systems; 0 Trace energy flows and nutrient cycles undergoing base addition; 0 Identify short- and long-term effects on chemical and biological para- meters; 0 Evaluate fish restocking strategies to accompany liming programs. Specific objectives are: 0 Summarize current practices and techniques for mitigation of acidifica- tion in surface waters. 0 Analyze existing information and determine priority research in mitiga- tion techniques. 0 Develop mitigation strategies for preventing or modifying biological impacts associated with acidification. 0 Conduct field and laboratory tests of strategies in representative aquatic systems. 0 Develop management documents for interim protection/rehabilitation of sensitive stream, lake, and wetland habitats. 8 ------- Output Status: 1. Output: Technical report on mitigation techniques, applications, and relationships to biological resources. Status: Technical report at printer (05/83). 2. Output: Report from an International Workshop on the research issues of liming. Status: Final report in press (05/83). 3. Output: Preliminary report on the emplacement of limestone gravel as a mitigative measure in acidic brook trout lakes. Status: Laboratory work in progress; field work will begin this summer. Work was summarized at the annual program review (02/83). 4. Output: Development of proposal for field projects on selected mitiga- tion strategies, including whole lake liming. Status: A preproposal for a liming project in the Adirondacks has been received and reviewed. The project will be coordinated with EPRI work and a final proposal is expected by the end of April (05/83). Findings: It is possible to neutralize acidified lakes, but the effects on long-term chemistry and short- and long-term biota are not known. The feasibility of neutralizing streams is less certain as is the effect of stream liming on chemical or biological parameters. Publications: Liming of Acidified Waters: A Review of Methods and Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems. FWS/OBS-80/40.13. 1983 (April). The Liming of Acidifed Waters: Issues and Research — Report of the Inter- national Liming Workshop. FWS/OBS-80/40/14? 1983 (April). Project Manager: Robert T. Lackey, FTS 420-4806 [R. Kent Schreiber, FTS 925-5354] ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Acid Precipitation/Watersheds -- Effects on Watershed-Level Integration of Nutrient and Toxic Element Releases (CVN1A/56) Project Objectives: 0 To determine principal flux rates and pool sizes for sulfur movement through and effects on forested watersheds. 0 To develop a watershed model of input/output relations for acid rain effects on forested watersheds. 0 To document pathways and reaction rates for acid rain effects on release and movement of aluminum through forested watersheds. 0 To qantify long-term changes in nutrient distribution and availability for forest growth in selected regional watersheds. Output Status: Output: Synthesize five years of data on emission of S02, meteorological factors important to S02 transport and deposition, and air quality data for two forested watersheds and evaluate modeling approaches (11/83). Status: Preliminary evaluation of capabilities of sector-box and one- dimensional flux models for predicting fluxes of airborne sulfur have been completed. Findings: Best estimates of flux of sulfur to the landscape were provided by the sector-box approach, but agreement with observed values was only within a factor of ten. Improved accuracy is needed and will be achieved through further testing and modification. Project Manager: S. B. McLaughlin, FTS 624-7358 10 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Acid Precipitation: Soil Chemical and Biological Processes (CVN1A/57) Project Objectives: 0 To define soil characteristics which determine the sensitivity (vulner- ability) to acidic deposition based on pH change, nutrient losses, and transport of toxic metals. 0 To determine the significance of mineral weathering on supplying essen- tial and/or toxic nutrients as affected by acidic deposition. 0 To quantify the fate of aluminum and nutrient losses from soils. 0 To determine the contribution of internal hydrogen ion production to leaching and metal transport. 0 To define the mechanisms of Al transport and the factors affecting mobility. 0 To determine the rate of water movement to aquatic systems and the importance of water contact time, in the soil, to water quality in aquatic ecosystems. Output Status: 1. Output: Chemical and biological analyses and data interpretation of selected Florida, New Hampshire, and New York soils have been completed and the extent of nutrient losses as affected by acidic deposition has been evaluated. Status: Several manuscripts are currently in review. An assessment of the extent of nutrient losses is due (11/83). 2. Output: An evaluation of aluminum mobility and the relationship between Al and pH has been made in New Jersey soils (11/82). Status: A manuscript is in review. 3. Output: Comparative study of soil sensitivity, classification systems (10/83). Status: Literature survey is ongoing. 4. Output: Preliminary report defining the "key" factors identifying soils sensitive to acidic deposition (11/83). 11 ------- Status: A proposal to evaluate the soil sensitivity issue has been submitted and sent for review. Based on favorable comments, this project has been selected for funding and will be initiated 05/83. 5. Output: Evaluation of the forms of aluminum mobilized which may be discharged from soil to aquatic system (11/85). Status: Projects to complete this output were initiated in 02/83. Findings: 0 In a Typic Quartzisamment soil, divalent cations were found to be more readily leached by acidic deposition than monovalent cations. 0 Nitrification was reduced by acidic deposition (pH 3.0 and 3.7) but soil respiration and enzyme activity was not for select soils. 0 Leaching by acid rain or natural acidification will have less of an effect on nutrient export than harvesting. Publications: Effects of Acid Precipiation on Microbiological and Chemical Parameters in Soils. The Florida Experience. The Second Int. Conf. on Ecology and Environ- mental Quality. Jerusalem, May 24-26, 1983. Effects of Acid Precipitation on Soil Microbial Activity: I. Soil Core Studies. 1983. J. of Environ. Quality (submitted for review). Effect of Acid Precipitation on Soil Microbial Activity: II. Field Studies. 1983. J. of Environ. Quality (submitted for Review). Project Manager: S. B. Mclaughlin, FTS 624-7358 R. A. Linthurst, 919-737-3520 12 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Terrestrial Effects of Acid Precipitation -- Forest Productivity (CVN1A/58) Project Objectives: 0 To quantify and evaluate temporal and spatial patterns of decline in growth of eastern forest trees. 0 To determine association of increased mortality of red spruce and decreased growth of spruce and other species with present and projected last levels of deposition of acid rain and gaseous air pollutants. 0 To perform preliminary assessment of the economic significance of produc- tivity changes of forests of the eastern U.S. 0 To determine age distribution and site influences on forests affected by air pollution stress. 0 To determine mechanisms of effects of acid rain and gaseous air pollut- ants on growth and development processes of forest trees. 0 To perform secondary assessment of the economic and ecological signif- icance of acid rain on present and future forests using field and laboratory data and forest growth models. 1. Output: Complete field sampling of tree increment cores and forest soils from regional study of forest growth in the eastern U.S. (09/83). Status: Approximately 75% of the field sampling is completed. The remainder will be completed this summer. 2. Output: Complete data analysis of relationship between regional tree growth rate, climate, soils, and air pollution for eastern forest species. Status: Approximately 30% of the core measurements have been completed and tapes of regional air quality and climatology have been ordered. 3. Output: Complete analysis of growth and dieback of red spruce over its entire range in the eastern U.S. (12/83). Status: All 1500 cores from this study have been cross-dated, measured, and growth indices have been calculated. 13 ------- 4. Output: Evaluate multielemental analysis of tree rings as a tool for documenting historical patterns of exposure of trees to multiple anthro- pogenic pollutants (12/83). Status: A comparison of sites on acid and basic soil has been completed. A manuscript summarizing results is in preparation. A comparison of spruce cores from three sites in the Northeast with varying stages of decline has been initiated. Findings: Trace element analysis of tree rings shows that several toxic elements are being concentrated in the phloem and cambium with levels being approximately 10X those in recent xylem wood. Two elements, iron and titanium, appear to be immobile in tree tissues and may serve as good indicators of anthropogenic exposure. Publications: Johnson, A. H., R. H. Zanes, D. C. Lord, and T. G. Siccama. Decline of red spruce in high-elevation forests of the eastern United States. Environmental Science and Technology. 01/83. Project Manager: S. B. Mclaughlin, FTS 624-7358 14 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Economic Assessment of Ozone Impact on Crops (ADWA1A/01) Project Objectives: To develop ozone dose-crop response data for the major agronomic crops and to use these data to conduct an economic assessment of the effects of air pollution on agriculture. This project will develop dose-response data for crops representing 75% of U.S. acreage and estimate national economic losses based on these data (06/84). The magnitude of bioenvironmental sources of uncertainty (soil moisture) and the effects of pollutant exposure dynamics in these estimates will also be evaluated. Output Status: 1. Output: Assessment of the economic losses due to ozone exposure in the Midwest and California (09/83). Status: Cooperative agreements are in place and work is on schedule at the University of Illinois and the University of California, Davis. Air quality data for these efforts are to be provided by EPA's Environmental Research Laboratory (ESRL). ESRL is several weeks behind schedule in providing these data. This may delay the assessment efforts. 2. Output: Evaluation of soybean losses due to ozone exposure in the Midwest using simulation modeling (01/83). Status: Completed 11/82. 3. Output: Evaluation of the suitability of the NCLAN biological data base for use in economic assessments and setting air quality standards (09/83). Status: This is a new output requested by OAQPS and agreed to by OEPER. The journal manuscript is being prepared by North Carolina State University and is on schedule. 4. Output: Sensitivity analyses of economic assessment models (06/83). Status: This is a new output recommended by peer review of NCLAN. The sensitivity of economic response to biological sources of uncertainty will be determined. The work is being conducted by Oregon State University and is on schedule. Findings: Preliminary results of the 1982 field season became available during this quarter. 15 ------- 0 Biological Findings: Dose-response experiments on wheat indicate intermediate sensitivity, therefore wheat losses from ozone exposure must be evaluated in economic assessments. The effect of soil moisture stress on the response of soybean to 03 differed from the response of cotton. Soil moisture appears to have a complex interaction with 03 in affecting crop yield. More experiments will be required to characterize this interaction. 0 Economics Findings: Preliminary analyses suggest that economic losses will be split about equally between producers and consumers and that loss estimates are not highly sensitive to yield loss (dose-response) pre- cision. This suggests that the uncertainties remaining in extrapolating the biological data base should not adversely influence the technical credibility of NCLAN economic assessments. Publications: Impact of Ozone on Soybean Yield. Journal of Environmental Quality (3/83). Effects of Chronic Doses of 03 and S02 on Yield of Soybeans. Crop Science (submitted December 1982). The Influence of Light on Ozone-Induced 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic Acid and Ethylene Production from Intact Plants (accepted for publication Zeitschrift Pflanzenphysiologie). Project Manager: Eric M. Preston/David Tingey, FTS 420-4636/FTS 420-4621 16 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Biological Monitoring (ADWA1A/01) Project Objectives: To develop an organized approach to applying biological monitoring to environ- mental problem solving and to develop biological techniques that clearly identify pollutant exposure and their effects upon the structure and func- tional status of terrestrial biological systems. Specific project objectives are: 0 To deploy honey bees in a large-area biomonitoring network (09/83). 0 To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of such deployment for tracking spatial and temporal trends in biological exposure to the airborne pollutants fluoride and arsenic (09/83). Output Status: Output: Report oti the cost-effectiveness of honey bees deployed as a regional biomonitor (09/83). Status: In the FY81 pilot project, emphasis was given to selection of promising bioexposure monitors with secondary consideration given to their potential as bioeffects monitors. In FY82, the research was extended to evaluate usefulness of honey bees as network biomonitors. The report on honeybees as biomonitors is in draft and will be final by 09/83. The late start date, due to funding delays, cancelled 1982 Spring sampling. An attempt will be made to conduct this sampling in Spring 1983. These data will be analyzed and incorporated into the final project report. Findings: Arsenic samples from bees are showing a strong spatial correlation with expected dispersion from known sources. These preliminary data suggest that biomonitoring networks using honeybees are feasible. Project Manager: Eric M. Preston, FTS 420-4636 17 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Air Pollution Impacts on Major Agronomic Crops (ADTA1A/02) Project Objectives: To determine the influence of air pollutant mixtures on major agronomic crops. Ozone and its mixtures with other gases are estimated to cause 90% of the air pollution damage to agriculture, thus the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards has assigned a high priority to the evaluation of ozone effects. However, since other gases may modify plant response to ozone, it is necessary to maintain current awareness of effects of pollutant mixtures and their implications for crop production. Output Status: Output: Report on Workshop to Develop a Research Strategy for Evaluating the Impact of Pollutant Mixutes (09/83). Status: The workshop to develop a research strategy has been planned and the participants contracted to prepare position papers. First drafts of the position papers are completed and submitted to the review panel. The workshop will be held April 21 and 22, 1983. 2. Output: Complete previously funded work on pollutant mixtures. Status: Complete except for one remaining manuscript in preparation. See publications. Findings: Simultaneous exposures of S02 and N02 reduced spinach and radish growth and photosynthate partitioning. Sequential and individual exposures to the pollutant gases at the same level had no detrimental effects. Publications: Growth Response in Radish to Sequential and Simultaneous Exposure to N02 and S02. Environmental Pollution (Accepted for publication). Growth Response in Spinach to Sequential and Simultaneous Exposure to N02 and .S02. Journal American Society for Horticultural Science (Submitted for publication). Intraspecific Variability in Metabolic Responses to S02 (Submitted to Stanford Press, book chapter). Project Manager: Eric Preston/David Tingey, 420-2636/420-4621 18 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Terrestrial Toxicology (CUL1A/30) Project Objectives: To develop a testing array for chemicals of unknown environmental fate. This array is to include plant and animal tests and be ready for full implementa- tion in FY85. Output Status: 1. Output: Report on plant uptake and translocation of selected chemicals (06/84). Status: This work is on schedule. 2. Output: Report on isolated root uptake of bromacil describing a screen- ing procedure for studying root uptake (04/83). Status: Completed journal manuscript. 3. Output: Report on development and validation of Arabidopsis plant life cycle test (10/83). Status: This work is on schedule. 4. Output: Report on variations in toxicity of chemicals to different strains and sources of test birds (09/83). Status: This work is on schedule. 5. Output: Report to evaluate the effects of feeding chemicals to live prey on carnivore feeding tests (09/84). Status: This work is on schedule. Findings: 0 The isolated root uptake procedure has been tested and demonstrated to yield valuable information for a SAR data set as well as a possible screening test for potential plant uptake. 0 The plant exposure laboratory is partially complete and is ready for plant studies. 0 A root elongation test has been evaluated. Draft report to OTS, recom- mending modifications for better plant toxicity testing currently under review. 19 ------- 0 The first group of bobwhite quail eggs (64) were hatched March 21, 1983, and are housed in the brooders. All birds are healthy and growing well. Publications: Uptake of Bromacil by Isolated Barley Roots, submitted to Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. Project Manager: Bill Williams and Craig McFarlane, FTS 420-4670 20 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Terrestrial Exposure Assessment (CUL1A/31) Project Objectives: To develop a mathematical model to predict chemical concentrations in terrestrial environments. To determine the correlation between soil moisture, organic content, and partitioning in soils. Output Status: 1. Output: Complete environmental concentration model (TEA) documentation and handbook (12/84). Status: The product is on schedule. The first version of the model is available for use by Agency personnel. This version of the model partitions the chemical between the duff, upper root zone, and lower root zone, and in one of the following compartments within each layer: water; air; dead organic matter; soil. This year's work will add plant uptake to the model. 2. Output: Report on Sorption and Volatility of Chemicals in Soils of Varying Moisture and Organic Content (01/84). Status: The principal investigator, Cary Chiou, is leaving Oregon State University to accept a position within the USGS in Denver. In addition, Dr. Ian Tinsley is leaving for a sabbatical in New Zealand. These departures may delay the final report. However, OSU has not yet asked for a no-cost extension and have indicated that they expect to complete the project on time. Findings: Dr. Chiou has demonstrated a strong correlation between the sorption of chemical to soils and the moisture and organic content of the soil. Publications: Chiou, C. T., and D. W. Schmeddling. 1982. Partitioning of Organic Compounds in Octanol-Water Systems. Env. Science and Tech. 4-10. Chiou, C. T., et al_. 1982. Substituent Contribution to the Partition Coefficients of Substituted Benzenes in Solvent-Water Mixtures. J. of Pharm. Sci. 1307-1309. Chiou, C. T. , et aj. 1981. Correlation of Water Solubility with Octanol- Water Partition Coefficients. J. Pharm. 70:1176-1177. Project Manager: Hal Kibby, FTS 420-4625 21 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Technical Assistance (CUL1A/32) Project Objectives: To provide technical assistance to EPA's Office of Toxic Substances on problems of environmental fate, exposure, effects of hazard, and risk of toxic chemicals on an as-needed basis. Findings: An assessment scheme which uses three simple and readily available parameters — Henry's law constant, octanol water partition coefficient, and the chemical half-life-- provides a usefully accurate prediction of the potential eco- toxicity of a chemical, hence provide an indication of the amount of testing that is needed for a new chemical. Publications: A Pre-biological Screen for Ecotoxicological Concerns, in review. Project Manager: Hal Kibby, FTS 420-4625 22 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Structure-Activity Relations in Terrestrial Environments (CUL1A/33) Project Objectives: To develop computerized data bases of published information which can be used to identify relationships between chemical structure and plant response (toxicity, uptake, transport, accumulation, and biodegradation). Output Status: 1. Output: Status report: SAR Knowledge for Plant Uptake of Toxic Chemicals (12/83). Status: Progress on plant uptake data base has been delayed because of the intensive review and changes needed in the format. Reading and cataloging efforts are focusing on PHYTOTOX while these details are worked out. This will probably delay the search readiness and the planned output. Negotiation for an alternate report on SAR knowledge regarding phytotoxicity is underway. 2. Output: Operational data base for plant uptake and effects to determine species and chemical differences (SPHERE) (06/84). Status: Incorporation of these data bases into SPHERE will not occur on schedule due to restrictions in spending within OTS Headquarters (for further information, contact Charles Auer, SPHERE project leader, FTS 382-3476). Findings: 0 PHYTOTOX data base is usable; over 40,500 records are available. 0 The search and coding strategy for UTAB have been formalized. Publications: Christopher L. Royce and John S. Fletcher, PHYTOTOX USERS MANUAL (for Agency use only). Project Manager: Craig McFarlane, FTS 420-4670 23 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: System Level Effects (CUL1A/34) Project Objectives: To determine the changes in key ecosystem variables of both agricultural and wildland systems that could be effected by chemicals. Output Status: 1. Output: Report on critically sensitive terrestrial/agricultural eco- systems which are vulnerable to toxic chemicals (04/83). Status: Journal article submitted to Evironmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2. Output: Report on characteristics of terrestrial agricultural ecosystems needed for field verification (09/83). Status: On schedule. The manuscript is in preparation. Most of the needed data have been collected. Findings: A large variety of crop production system characteristics in many agricultural models are very sensitive to both external environmental properties such as day length which chemicals do not affect, and to biological process parameters such as photosynthetic rate which chemicals do affect directly. Publications: Kickert, R. In Review. Sensitivity of Agricultural Ecological System Models and Implications for Vulnerability to Toxic Chemicals. J. £f Env. Tox. Chem. Project Manager: Ron Kickert, FTS 420-4582; Hal Kibby, FTS 420-4625 24 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Methodology to Generate Data for Risk Assessment (CBE1A/36) Project Objectives: To test the applicability of the Pesticide Orchard Ecosystem Model (POEM) in a Northwest apple orchard. The mathematical model will be used to simulate fate and transport from the application of wettable powder formulation of methyl- parathion. Guthion will be applied in accordance with label and commonly recognized practices. Over time, field studies will be conducted to determine quantities of Guthion in/on canopy, understory, litter, and soil. Losses to the air from drift and volatilization as well as losses to runoff water will be monitored. Washoff from canopy to the soil and understory will be moni- tored as an additional parameter because of its importance in exposure assessment. Comparisons between model predictions and planned actual field data will be made. Outputs/Status: 1. Output: Interim Report on Site Selection and Field Description (10/83). Status: On schedule. 2. Output: Report on Applicability of POEM for 1 Chemical in One Orchard (10/84). Status: On schedule. Publications: 1. 2. Jenkins, J. J., M. J. Zabik, R. Kon, and E. D. Goodman. A Model for Azinphosmethyl Attenuation and Movement in a Michigan Orchard Ecosystem: Development and Presentation of the Experimental Data Base. Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 11, 1982 (forthcoming). Goodman, E. D., J. J. Jenkins, and M. J. Zabik. A Model for Azinphos- methyl Attenuation and Movement in a Michigan Orchard Ecosystem: II. Parameterization of a Field-Based Model. Arch. Environm. Contam. Toxicol. 11, 1982 (forthcoming). 3. Goodman, E. D. 1982. Modeling Effects of Pesticides on Soil/Litter Invertebrates in an Orchard Ecosystem. Env. 1, 45-60. Populations of Toxicol. Chem. Snider, R. M. 1979. The Effects Population of Trachelipus rathkei Pedobiol. 19, 99-105. of Zainphosmethyl (Guthion ) on a (Isopoda) in a Michigan Orchard. 25 ------- 5. Snider, R. M., and J. W. Shaddy. 1980. The Ecobilogy of Trachelipus rathkel (Isopoda). Pedobi'ol. 20, 394-410. Project Manager: Jay Gile, FTS 420-4649 26 ------- iPROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Field Validation of Terrestrial Pesticide Exposure (CBE1A/37) Project Objectives: To determine the acute toxicity of 14 granular pesticide formulations to avian species; to determine the effects of waterfowl and upland game species in grain fields; to determine the effects of endrin and diphacionone (used as rodenticides) on terrestrial species associated with orchards; to evaluate the effectiveness of the EPA reproductive test for avian species to predict reproductive effects in the field; and to determine the effect on avian species of methyl parathion. Output Status: 1. Output: Final Report on Acute Toxicity of 14 Granular Pesticides to Avian Species (09/83). Status: On schedule. Project Manager: Bill Williams, FTS 420-4679 27 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Cofvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Microbial Control Agents (CBE1A/38) Project Objectives: To develop and evaluate a series of test protocols for microbiological pest control agents (MPCA) in terrestrial environments. Output Status: 1. Output: Evaluate test procedures for MPCA on birds, mammals, and insects (10/83). Status: A computerized bibliography of relevant literature has been developed and is being put on CERL's POP 11/70. This literature base should be available to OPP by September 1983. We have received external reviews from seven outside consultants and are consolidating their views. We expect more reviews on mammals. In addition to birds, mammals, and insects, our review of the guidelines will include the relevant plant sections. 2. Output: Recommend changes in test procedures, if necessary (12/83). Status: This output should be combined with Number 1 and will be complete October 1983. Findings: A preliminary evaluation of the reports that we have received to date would indicate significant problems with the guidelines. Some MPCA guidelines are an adaptation of the chemical test protocols, and in many cases this may not be appropriate. Project Manager: Bruce Lighthart/Martin Knittel, FTS 420-4832 28 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Synfuels — Effects (CYN1A/40) Project Objectives: To determine the uptake by agricultural plants of selected synfuels toxicants. Determine the applicability of laboratory uptake methods for plants to soil found in vicinity of anticipated synfuel producing facilities. Determine exposure and effects of synfuel toxicants to wildlife (FY85). Output Status: 1. Output: Completion of data sets for chemicals from (2) RAUs (Risk Assessment Units) using isolated root uptake (07/83). Status: Work in progress; report will be on schedule. 2. Output: Completion of data sets for three additional RAU (12/83). Status: Work on schedule. 3. Output: Completion of exposure chamber (09/83). Status: Work in progress; chamber will be completed on schedule. 4. Output: Literature review on wildlife toxicology for selected RAUs (12/83). Status: First draft report sent to Headquarters for review, and the second report is in preparation. Findings: 0 The procedures for isolated root uptake have been judged satisfactory for studies of water-soluble chemicals. 0 Whole-plant exposure chambers have been constructed and a computer- operated support laboratory organized to conduct plant uptake studies. This laboratory is now ready for limited numbers of studies. Project Manager: Craig McFarlane, FTS 420-4670 29 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Methods Validation (Animal Toxicology) (CBE1A/42) Project Objectives: To develop a capability to conduct inhouse research in the effects of chemicals on wildlife. In order to achieve this objective, several areas are being considered: (1) evaluation of animal toxicology data base; (2) evalua- tion of current single species tests; (3) development of new single species tests; (4) development of field test protocols; and (5) technical assistance for immediate Agency problems. The following projects have been undertaken to address these areas of animal toxicology: develop a terrestrial animal toxicology data base for SPHERE; evaluate the ability of avian species (Bobwhite quail and Mallard duck) to avoid contaminatd food and/or water sources; evaluate the effects of endrin on wild avian species associated with orchards and grain fields; determine the toxicity (LD50) of granular insecti- cides to Bobwhite quail; develop an inhouse capability to conduct acute avian toxicity tests (including LD50 and LC50 tests) on selected chemicals (ongoing). Output Status: Output: Report on the Effects of Cold Stress on Avian LD50 and LC50 Tests (10/84). Status: Development of the inhouse testing capability is proceeding on schedule. Project Manager: Bill Williams, FTS 420-4625 30 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Biological Assessment of Hazardous Wastes (BWD1A/20) Project Objectives: To develop rapid response bioassay/biomonitoring tools to help site/spill investigation teams determine environmental hazard potentials of waste materials under a variety of field conditions. This project is designed to determine the utility of laboratory bioassessment protocols (initially a "Level I Biological Screening Protocol") for defining environmental effects of single substance or complex hazardous waste at sites with varying soil characteristics; waste types, climatic conditions, and management control. Such a protocol could be used to predict effects (prospective) and to assess reduced effects (retrospective) following remedial or cleanup actions. A comprehensive set of laboratory tests will be conducted to determine which ones are most appropriate for different conditions, which ones produce high degrees of correlation with field data, and which ones provide the broadest spectrum of environmental information. Output Status: 1. Output: Comparison of the response of endemic and laboratory organisms to selected hazardous materials (05/83). Status: This work originally was planned to compare the results from laboratory bioassays using Selenastrum with those using endemic organisms from Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Toxicity in RMA surface water proved to be insignificant, thus shifting emphasis to terrestrial tests. A paper (see Publications) describing the nerve transmission waveforms of twelve earthworm taxa has established a basis for comparing the response of laboratory reared and endemic earthworms (part of the bioassay protocol) to various hazardous wastes, which will be reported upon in 07/83. 2. Output: Report comparing the responses of three microbial bioassay procedures to the presence of endrin, dieldrin, and 2,4-D (09/83). Status: Oxygen depletion and microtox testing of the three organic compounds have been completed. Some runs will need to be repeated to verify preliminary results. Resazurin tests are being set up. Labora- tory work and data analysis are progressing on schedule. 3. Output: Report comparing the response to metals of the Level I Biolog- ical Screening Protocol with microtox test results (07/83). 31 ------- Status: Biological Protocol screening tests have been conducted using Cu, Cd, and Zn. Microtox tests have been completed for the same metals. A few of the protocol tests must be repeated due to mixed results. Work is on schedule. Findings: 0 Earthworm soil contact tests appear to be much more sensitive and relevant to field conditions than do the leachate contact tests described in the Level I Biological Screening Protocol. 0 Several of the Screening Protocol test methods seem to be more useful in determining metal toxicity than does the microtox test. 0 Microbial screening techniques generally appear to be relatively insens- itive to the presence of hazardous materials. Publications: Papers submitted to two journals: 1. Drews, C. D., and C. A. Callahan. Species Specificity of Giant Nerve Fiber Conduction Parameters in Oligochaetes (submitted to Canadian Journal of Zoology). 2. Shirazi, S. Hazardous Waste Sites Selected Within Regionally Representa- tive Land Types (submitted to Journal of Environmental Management). Project Manager: Spencer Peterson, FTS 420-4794 32 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Environmental Processes and Effects Technical Information Resource Manuals (TEKY1A/21) Project Objectives: To develop technical information resource documents to aid in Superfund Program decisions. These documents evaluate and present available information to assist Regional and State officials concerned with decisions about the listing, permitting, containment, and cleanup of hazardous materials. Output: A field manual describing effectiveness of biological cleanup methodology and natural biodegradation of hazardous materials (05/83). Status: In peer review. 2. Output: A manual on environmental assessment of remedial action (06/83). Status: In first draft. 3. Output: A manual to classify chemicals according to their behavior and ecological effects (09/83). Status: Completed draft, but needs significant revision. 4. Output: A manual on methods of assessing environmental risks of spills and cleanup of hazardous wastes (10/83). Status: In preparation and on schedule. 5. Output: A state prioritized listing of new technical resource informa- tion documents needed to address Superfund problems (04/83). Status: Workshops held in Philadelphia, March 24-25, Atlanta, March 28-29, and in Denver, April 4-5. Individual reports in draft. Final report combining priorities to be completed 07/83. Findings: 0 The relative effectiveness of different biotreatment procedures at locations with hazardous wastes is largely site-specific. However, some techniques are significantly more useful than others, and methods for selection can be specified. 33 ------- 0 Various remedial action alternatives must consider the potential secondary environmental effects of the planned remedial action itself. Many adverse effects of remedial actions can be minimized with proper equipment and timing. 0 Superfund "user need" workshops reveal that states and EPA regions are far apart in their thinking about needs. At present the States have very little technical information avaiable for site response. Their initial needs are for very fundamental information on response alternatives. States welcomed opportunity to have input toward identifying high priority need areas, but were sceptical that EPA would follow through on the needs the states identified. Project Manager: Lawrence Raniere, FTS 420-4852 34 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Users Guide to Effectiveness of Selected Chemical Dispersants (TEKY1A/22) Project Objectives: To develop a guide to aid in the selection of effective and environmentally safe hazardous materials dispersing agents for use in cold marine waters. Output Status: 1. Output: Users' Guide on effectiveness, fate, and effects of selected dispersants. Status: The implementing interagency agreement was forwarded to the Battelle Marine Research Laboratory by GAD. The principal investigator indicates it will be signed and project work will begin immediately. Output completion is still targeted for 09/83. Project Manager: Spencer A. Peterson, FTS 420-4794 35 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Assess Impacts of Ocean Outfall Discharges (ARB1A/15) Project Objectives: To develop a model of the bioaccumulation of pollutants from water, food, and sediment. Laboratory studies are being conducted to supply the required input parameters and to verify the model. The modeling and laboratory results will be used to predict the sewage-derived pollutants in marine food webs, the potential for trophic transfer, and concentrations of toxicants in edible fish tissue. To improve sediment toxicity bioassay methods developed earlier at CERL and currently used by EPA/COE to regulate dredged material disposal. Research has addressed species selection, facilities, scale, duration, control conditions, response criteria, and statistical analyses. The sediment bioassay method has been applied to examine the interactions between cadmium and sewage sludge. This research is concerned with the contribution of specific pollutants to the gross toxicity of complex waste mixtures. Output Status: 1. Output: Journal article describing bioenergetic model of pollutant uptake from water, food, and sediment near ocean outfalls (09/83). Status: Output delayed from 06/83 so that it can be presented and published in Proceedings of 56th Annual Conf. of Water Poll. Contr. Fed. in October 1983. 2. Output: Methods manual for conducting sediment toxicity surveys near ocean outfalls (06/83). Status: A report describing research on the design of the sediment bioassay method and a detailed description of the method has been accepted for presentation at the ASTM 7th Symp. on Aquatic Toxicology (04/83) and will be published in the symposium proceedings. Findings: Research on interactions between cadmium and sewage sludge has been completed and results show that the toxicity of cadmium in sediment is reduced in the presence of sludge. Publications: Phoxocephalid Amphipod Bioassay for Marine Sediment (submitted to ASTM). Project Manager: D. J. Baumgartner, (503) 867-4040 36 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Field Verification of Outfall Impacts (ARB1A/17) Project Objectives: Phase I is to review the literature on benthic-pelagic coupling and transfer of pollutants in sewage-impacted food webs. Phase II is a field study of the trophic transfer of pollutants in sewage-impacted food webs in southern California. This study will utilize both toxicant concentrations in predators and prey and stable isotope ratios to determine the potential for trophic transfer. Outputs Status: Output: Journal article on benthic-pelagic transfer of energy and pollutants near ocean outfalls (04/84). Status: Phase I completed. Journal article on literature review will be submitted in 06/83. Plan for Phase II has been received and is being peer reviewed. On schedule. Project Manager: D. J. Baumgartner, (503) 867-4040 37 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Ocean Discharge Impact Assessment (ARB1A/16) Project Objectives: Provide technical assistance to Office of Water, Regions, and others concerned with 301(h) waivers to the mandatory secondary treatment requirement for the discharge of municipal wastes through ocean outfalls. Output Status: Reviewed Boston decision and submitted recommendations for review by Region and Office of General Counsel. Project Manager: D. J. Baumgartner, (503) 867-4040 38 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Site-Specific Criteria — Metals and DO (ARB1A/10) Project Objectives: To provide methods to establish site-specific criteria for heavy metals and dissolved oxygen. The effort is a combination of original research and technical assistance to provide the techniques and data necessary to set criteria for metals and dissolved oxygen which fit specific conditions, emphasizing those factors such as intermittent exposures, acclimation, and water quality characteristics which are known to affect criteria. Techniques will be developed in the laboratory and tested for applicability at specific sites. The primary focus will be to complete ongoing metals projects (by 08/84) and initiate a major new program in dissolved oxygen research. Technical assistance will be provided to the Headquarters Criteria and Standards Division and to Regions and States to help them apply the best technology to set site-specific criteria. Output Status: 1. Output: Assist State, Regions, and Program Offices with site-specific criteria for metals and DO (continuing). Status: A final revision of the DO criteria document will be submitted to the Office of Water Regulations and Standards in 04/83. 2. Output: Report defining the effects of intermittent exposure and acclimation on metals criteria (09/83). Status: Zinc acclimation studies are completed; compiling and analysis of literature has begun preparatory to writing the 09/83 report. 3. Output: Reports on Montana field and laboratory studies relating monthly metal concentrations to biological effects in Prickly Pear Creek (09/83) and effects of mining and habitat alteration on fish populations (02/83). Status: The fish population manuscript has been submitted to the Journal of Freshwater Ecology and the Prickly Pear Creek report is on schedule. Findings: Acclimating trout to zinc results in a 3- to 5-fold increase in acute zinc tolerance as measured by the 96-hr LC50. Acclimation is essentially com- pletely acquired during one week of zinc exposure and is.lost within one week if the zinc exposure ends. Liver metallothionien levels were always higher in acclimated fish than in controls at each test. However, metallothionien levels were not quantitatively related to 96-hr LC50 values. Zinc acclimation also produced about a 4-fold increase in tolerance to copper and cadmium. 39 ------- Publications: 1. Copies of the water quality criterion for dissolved oxygen may be requested from the Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Project Manager: Gary A. Chapman, FTS 420-4876 40 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Freshwater Sediment Quality Criteria for Toxic Pollutants (ARB1A/11) Project Objectives: To determine the biological significance of sediment toxicants and to recommend methods for assessing their biological effects. Output Status: 1. Output: Critical analysis of contaminated sediment effects on aquatic ecosystems and assessment methods (04/83). Status: An oral presentation was prepared for the April ASTM Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology. The presentation included an introduction to the general biological significance of sediment toxicants, methods for screening sediments for acute toxicity, and the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments as determined by spiking with cadmium and copper. Written material will be incorporated into outputs 2, 3, and 4 rather than published separately. 2. Output: A project report recommending acute toxicity methods for assessing the effects of contaminated sediments (09/83). Status: On schedule, including an extramural project report from University of California, Davis (due 06/83), evaluating sediment bioassay methods using a different set of test animals than CERL. 3. Output: Journal articles addressing the biological effects of contam- inated sediments in the laboratory and field and also whether sediment criteria are warranted (09/83). Status: On schedule. Three draft journal articles have been prepared to date. 4. Output: Procedures for spiking sediments with known contaminants to determine toxic levels (09/83). Status: On schedule. Two papers prepared and under review. Findings: A local sediment containing 5% organic matter and consisting of 15% sand, 29% silt, and 56% clay was spiked with different concentrations of cadmium and then tested with Daphnia rnagna to determine LC50 concentrations in the sediment. In two separate tests, LC50 values (48-h tests) ranged from 430-540 mg Cd/kg sediment (dry weight). Natural background levels of cadmium in 41 ------- sediment are usually much less than 5 mg/kg. The results suggest that, for this sediment type, the sediment-bound cadmium was not available to Daphm'a magna. Similar tests are being conducted with Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans, both benthic organisms, to compare their sensitivities to Daphnia magna. Publications: Two draft journal articles in review: Toxicity of Copper-Spiked Sediments to Freshwater Invertebrates The Toxic Effect of Cadmium-Contaminated Sediment Slurries Upon Daphnia magna Project Manager: Jack H. Gakstatter, FTS 420-4611 42 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Methods for Evaluating Biointegrity and Use Attainability (ARB1A/12) Project Objectives: To develop and evaluate new methods for assessing use attainability in aquatic ecosystems. Current research focuses on: (1) developing methods for deter- mining potential attainability using an approach which identifies regional patterns in aquatic ecosystems in selected states (Ohio and Oregon); (2) examining the utility of fish communities to measure the integrity of aquatic ecosystems; (3) developing a computerized system for estimating expected aquatic communities given environmental characteristics; (4) developing a research plan for physical habitat assessment and characterizing uses in biological terms. Output Status: 1. Output: Provide technical backup and amplification for guidelines supporting new Water Quality Regulations (continuing). Status: At the request of the Criteria and Standards Division (CSD), two draft chapters were written to be included in CSD's guidance document written to support the proposed Water Quality Regulations. The chapters CERL submitted were (a) Riparian Zone Characterization and (b) Approaches for Establishing Reference Sites. 2. Output: Reports on regional use attainability approaches for Ohio and Oregon (09/83, 09/84, 09/85). Status: 110 final stream sites have been selected in Ohio: 55 will be sampled in 1983, 55 in 1984. For Oregon, the Willamette Valley 1982 fish and macroinvertebrate data have been computerized. A computer data screen has been developed for computer entry of Oregon fish collection records (Oregon State University cooperative agreement). 09/83 report will evaluate, in a preliminary way, the results obbtained to that point. 3. Output: Report on biomonitoring methods for assessing biological integrity of freshwater systems (09/84). Status: Scheduled report delayed to 02/85 because it has taken longer than anticipated to develop cooperative agreement with University of Illinois and to obtain review of that proposal. Funding package should be ready for submission to ORD and GAD by 04/30.. A second cooperative agreement (2-year) to develop a computerized method to evaluate habitat requirements of freshwater fish (Univeristy of Notre Dame), which will partially satisfy this output, will also be ready for ORD and GAD by 04/30. Project Manager: Phil Larsen, FTS 420-4877 43 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: System Level Effects (CUL1A/34) Project Objectives: To determine the processes which influence productivity and stability of eco- systems that are most likely to be affected by toxic chemicals and design and evaluate tests which could be used to incorporate ecosystem processes and functions in hazard evaluation schemes. Output Status: 1. Output: Criteria for judging the usefulness and validity of test results in freshwater system level effects (12/84). Status: Rescheduled to 12/85. Work will not begin on this output until FY84 because we reprogrammed funds to complete the third year of the atrazine experimental pond study. 2. Output: Improved system level process tests to indicate potential effects of chemicals in freshwaters at the systems level (12/85). Status: Rescheduled to 12/86. Work will not begin until FY84 because we programmed funds to complete the third year of the atrazine experimental pond study. Project Manager: Phil Larsen, FTS 420-4877 44 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Validation: Aquatic Hazard Assessment Methods (CUL1A/35) Project Objectives: To compare laboratory and field responses to the same chemicals in order to assess the accuracy of laboratory assays. This is being accomplished through two lab-to-field comparisons using single species assays, microcosms, and experimental ponds. Most of the single species and microcosm work is being conducted at CERL; the experimental ponds are located in Kansas (University of Kansas) and Missouri (U.S. Department of Fish and Wildlife). Output Status: 1. Output: Report on comparison of single species and microcosm tests using atrazine (04/83). Status: The output date was changed last quarter to 07/83 because of delays in data processing. Results will be presented at an AIBS symposium in August which will address lab-to-field comparisons; the proceedings of this symposium will be published. 2. Output: Report comparing atrazine perturbed microcosms and field ponds (04/84). Status: The third year continuation proposal for the pond study has been submitted; review and paper work will probably require 2-3 months for funding. The lab work is mainly complete and being written up (see output #1). Funds were reprogrammed from the PD "System Level Effects" because of CERL and OTS interest in funding completion of this project. 3. Output: Report describing freshwater pond ecosystems response to fluorene (10/83). Status: Field work is complete; data processing is progressing reason- ably well. Results will be presented at the AIBS lab to field symposium in August; the proceedings of this symposium will be published. 4. Output: Report comparing single species and microcosm tests using fluorene (04/84). Status: Rescheduled from 10/83. Laboratory work has been initiated slower than anticipated. Single species range finding bioassays have been conducted, but microcosm experiments have not begun. 5. Output: Report comparing laboratory test results and pond results using fluorene (10/84). 45 ------- Status: See items (3) and (4) for status. At present it does not appear that this date will slip. Project Manager: Phil Larsen, FTS 420-4877 46 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Environmental Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation (Photobiology) (CML1A/44) Project Objectives: To develop information and data base sufficient for understanding the possible environmental effects of enhanced solar UV-B radiation resulting from strato- spheric ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbon emissions to the atmosphere. Output Status: 1. Output: Report on UV-B effects on natural plant communities, young of marine species, and maize (06/83). Status: This report will be based on three progress reports from cooperative agreements. The progress reports are due 05/83. The report on maize has arrived. The other two are in final draft form, and the Project Managers promise them by the end of 05/83. 2. Output: Report on UV-B effects on yield of corn, wheat, rice, soybeans, and citrus (02/83). Status: Completed 11/82. ""' *» 3. Output: Report on UV-B effects on soybeans (11/83). Status: Cooperative agreements are in place and work is on schedule at the University of Maryland and at the University of Florida. 4. Output: Report on UV-B effects on photosynthetic inhibition and acclima- tion (03/83). Status: Completed 02/83. 5. Output: Report on UV-B effects on zooplankton (10/82). Status: Completed 10/82. Findings: Preliminary results of the 1982 field season became available during this quarter. 0 Biological Findings: Dose-response experiments on soybeans indicate that a 16% decrease in stratospheric ozone may lead to an 8% decrease in soybean yield (a pool of five different cultivars). Determination of 47 ------- broad-band action spectra of photoinhibition in soybeans shows them to be sensitive to enhanced levels of UV-B radiation which might result from stratospheric ozone depletion. 0 Economic Findings: Not to be determined in current objectives. Publications: Robberecht, R., and M. M. Caldwell. Protective Mechanisms and Acclimation to Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Oenothera stricta. Accepted by Plant Cell and Environment (01/83). Teramura, A. H., M. Tevini, and W. Iwanzik. Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradia- tion on Plants During Mild Water Stress. II. Effects on Diurnal Stomatal Resistance. Accepted by Physiologia Plantarum (01/83). Worrest, R. C. Impact of Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation (290-320 nm) Upon Marine Miccroalgae. Accepted by Physiologia Plantarum (01/83). Gold, W. G., and M. M. Caldwell. The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Plant Competition in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Accepted by Physiologia Plantarum (01/83). Teramura, A. H. The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Growth and Yield of Crops. Accepted by Physiologia Plantarum (02/83). Worrest, R. C. Ecological and Nonhuman Effects of Solar UV-B Radiation. Accepted by Proceedings of Indo-US Workshop on Global Ozone Problems (ed. , A. P. Mitra) (02/83). Caldwell, M. M. , R. Robberecht, and S. D. Flint. Internal Filters: Prospects for UV-Acclimation in Higher Plants. Accepted by Physiologia Plantarum (03/83). Warner, C. W. , and M. M. Caldwell. Influence of Photon Flux Density in the 400-700 nm Waveband on Inhibition of Photosynthesis by UV-B (280-320 nm) Irradiation in Soybean Leaves: Separation of Indirect and Immediate Effects. Accepted by Photochemistry and Photobiology (03/83). Project Manager: Norman R. Glass, FTS 420-4671 48 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Wetland Boundary Delineation (Carryover from FY82) (ARB1A/11) Project Objectives: To evaluate wetland physical, chemical, and biological data to determine which characteristics best define a wetland and the transition boundary between the upland and wetland. This information is needed for decisions in issuing 404 Dredge and Fill Permits. Output Status: 1. Output: Final report (draft) for EPA Contract CI 79-0503, "Role and Function of Small Isolated Wetlands and Intermittent Streams," Keith MacDonald, Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Diego, California. March 7, 1983. Status: The final documentation of peer reviewed publications has been received from Woodward-Clyde. See publications. 2. Output: Project summary for EPA project R806079, "The Role of Black Mangrove Forests in the Productivity of Coastal Ecosystems in Southwest Florida." February 4, 1983. Status: The project summary to be processed in the EPA Project Summary format (08/83). 3. Output: Inhouse manuscript describing vegetation and environmental factor relationships in freshwater wetlands. It will be submitted to Journal of Environmental Management (09/83). Status: Rough draft completed. Findings: The inhouse manuscript is entitled "Vegetative and Environmental Analysis of Two Oregon Freshwater Wetlands." It is currently undergoing revision. The results indicate environmental data clump and change seasonally suggesting their use in wetland definition and boundary delineation. The data, however, appear more difficult to interpret than vegetative information. A correlation between the two data sets found minimal relationship. It may be necessary to consider the environmental and vegetation data sets independently when making the boundary and wetland determinations. 49 ------- Publications: 1. "Behavior Adaptations to Spatially Intermittent Streams by Longfin Dace, Agosia chrysogaster (Cyprinidae)" by Michael Busdosh. To be published mid-May 1983 in Proceedings, 1981 Vernal Pools Symposium (Peter B. Moyle and S. Jain, editors), University of California, Davis. 2. "Small Mammal Utilization of Vernal Pools, San Diego County, California" by Ted Winfield, Tim Cass, and Keith MacDonald. To be published mid-May 1983 in Proceedings, 1981 Vernal Pools Symposium (Peter B. Moyle and S. Jain, editors), University of California, Davis. 3. "Macroinvertebrate Distribution Among Some Southern California Vernal Pools" by Betty Dehoney and Donald LaVigne. To be published mid-May 1983 in Proceedings, 1981 Vernal Pools Symposium (Peter B. Moyle and S. Jain, editors), University of California, Davis. Project Manager: Bill Sanville, FTS 420-4764 50 ------- PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency March 31, 1983 Project Title: Cold Climate Research Project Objectives: In past years, the Cold Climate program has been concerned with air pollution (primarily CO) in Anchorage and Fairbanks. Because of this past interest, and the projects which were funded to investigate various aspects of air quality, meteorology, and automobile emissions, air pollution research is no longer the only high priority concern in Alaska — water quality, air pollution, con- struction (gravel removal, habitat disruption), and other consequences of natural resource development, have become of major concern in the region. Since many projects dealing with air quality (high CO problems) were funded and completed, new priority concerns have emerged and will be covered by the research program. In FY83, the Cold Climate program has as its major objectives: 0 The understanding of the fate, transport, and effect of pollutants associated with petroleum development in cold environments, particularly in the North Slope area and in pipeline, pumping, and transfer facil- ities. 0 The understanding of the fate, transport, and effect of pollutants associated with various mining activities such as placer mining for previous metals and other minerals, and strip mining. 0 The understanding of the fate, transport, and effect of pollutants associated with human population growth, development, and construction in population centers, particularly Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. Because of rapid population growth from resource development and the unique climatic and meteorological conditions, we are interested in criteria and other air pollutants, hydrocarbons in water, and how the behavior of these other pollutants is affected in cold regions. These general objectives are being addressed (when subcontracts are issued and implemented) by three individual projects: 0 Impact of oil development upon coastal tundra wetlands. 0 Ecosystem impacts of placer mining. 0 Literature review, assessment of the state of the art and knowledge of the toxicology, fate and effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in oiled waters. This assessment will be followed by a determination of what detailed research still needs to be completed in order to adequately permit applications. 51 ------- Output Status: 1. Output: Research planning study to determine cold climate research priority needs. Battelle PNL completed the study in 09/82. The study was performed because of EPA need to change the focus of the Cold Climate program from one dedicated to looking at CO and auto emissions in Anchorage and Fairbanks to encompass a more broadly based program oriented toward the effects of pollutants which result from natural resource development. Status: Final report available 07/83. 2. Output: Mobile Emissions Testing Facility (METFAC) report on the types and amount of auto emissions of CO and other criteria air pollutants which result from Alaskan driving conditions and auto use patterns. This study, along with the development of a meteorology model suitable for Anchorage and Fairbanks,, provides the inputs for an air quality modeling effort aimed at simulating air quality in cold, stable air masses in the two major urban centers of Alaska in order to evaluate different air quality management strategies. Status: Final report due from Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation 06/83. 3. Output: Final report on solid waste disposal practices in rural Alaska, including recommendations for improving waste management and disposal in remote locations and villages for which conventional waste disposal methods are not workable. This report covers work done under the Cold Climate program prior to the completion of the research planning study mentioned in #1 but which has been delayed. The report lists 10 recom- mendations for improving solid waste management in rural areas of Alaska. Status: Final report due from University of Alaska 07/83. Publications: A list of 12 journal articles and 71 Official Working Papers developed in past years is available. Project Manager: Norman R. Glass, FTS 420-4671 52 ------- APPENDIX A PUBLICATION LIST October 1, 1982 - March 31, 1983 53 ------- Manuscripts In Press (CERL Authors) Baker, R. J., M. D. Knittel, and J. L. Fryer. Susceptibility of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) "to Infection with Vibrio Anguillarum following Sublethal Copper Exposure. Journal of Fish Diseases. Burns, Walter F., and David T. Tingey. GC/MS Analysis of Biogenic Volatile Hydrocarbons on a Chemically Bonded Fused Silica Column. Journal of Chromatographic Science. Davis, Michael W., and Henry Lee, II. Recolonization of Sediment-Associated Microalgae and Effects of Estuarine Infauna on Microalgal Production. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Dutka, B. J. , N. Nyholm, and J. Peterson. Comparison of Several Microbiolog- ical Toxicity Screening Tests. Water Research. Gile, Jay D. Relative Airborne Losses of Commercial 2,4-D Formulations From a Simulated Wheat Field. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Gile, Jay D. 2,4-D -- Its Distribution and Effects in a Ryegrass Ecosystem. Journal of Environmental Quality. Gillett, James W. , Loren K. Russell, and Jay D. Gile. Predator-Prey (Vole- Cricket) Interactions: The Effects of Wood Preservatives. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Gillett, James W. , Martin D. Knittel, Eva Jolma, and Roger Colombe. Applic- ability of Microbial Toxicity Assays to Assessment Problems. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Hogsett, W. E. , S. R. Holrnan, M. L. Gumpertz, and D. T. Tingey. Growth Response in Radish to Sequential and Simultaneous Exposures of N02 and S02. Environmental Pollution. Johnson, Steven C., Gary A. Chapman, and Donald G. Stevens. Sensitivity of Steel head Trout Embryos to Handling. The Progressive Fish-Culturist. Lighthart, B. , John Bahm, and V. V. Volk. Effects of Chemical Speciation of Toxic Metals on Microbial Respiration in Metal-Amended Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality. Male, Larry M., Eric Preston, and Grady Neely. Yield Response Curves of Crops Exposed to S02 Time Series. Atmospheric Environment. Malueg, K. W. , G. S. Schuytema, J. H. Gakstatter, and D. F. Krawczyk. The Effect of Hexagenia on Daphm'a Response in Sediment Toxicity Tests. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Nebeker, Alan V., Chris K. McAuliffe, Roger Mshar, and Donald G. Stevens. Toxicity of Silver to Steelhead and Rainbow Trout, Fathead Minnows, and Daphm'a magna. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 54 ------- Nebeker, Alan V., Joel K. McCrady, Roger Mshar, and Chris K. McAuliffe. Relative Sensitivity of Daphnia magna, Rainbow Trout, and Fathead Minnows to Endosulfan. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Nebeker, Alan V., Phillip McKinney, and Michael A. Cairns. Acute and Chronic Effects of Dimilin (Diflubenzuron) on Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Omernik, James M., and Andrew J. Kinney. An Improved Technique for Estimating Mean Depth of Lakes. Water Research. Ozretich, R. J., R. C. Randall, B. L. Boese, W. P. Schroeder, and J. R. Smith. Acute Toxicity of Butylbenzyl Phthalate to Shiner Perch (Cymatogaster aggregata). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Peterson, Spencer A. Sediment Removal. IN Lake Restoration. Ann Arbor Press. Rodecap, Kent D., and David T. Tingey. The Influence of Light on Ozone- Induced 1-Aminocyclopropane-l-Carboxylic Acid and Ethylene Production From Intact Plants. Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenphysiologie. Taylor, G. E., Jr., and D. T. Tingey. Sulfur Dioxide Flux into Leaves of Geranium carolinianum L.: Evidence for a Non-Stomatal or Residual Resistance. Plant Physiology. Wickliff, Carlos, V. V. Volk, David T. Tingey, William L. Griffis, Marita Y. Trunk, and Jack L. Witherow. Response of Tall Fescue, Bush Bean, and Corn to Chrome Tannery Sludge in Soils. Environmental Pollution. Worrest, R. C. Impact of Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation (290-320 nm) upon Marine Microalgae. Physiologia Plantarum. 55 ------- Journal Reprints Received (Inhouse) Burns, Walter F., David T. Tingey, and Rosemary C. Evans. Effect of Water on Retention Time on a Fused Silica Column. Journal of High Resolution Chromatography and Chromatography Communications 5:504-505, 1982. Bauer, H., M. M. Caldwell, M. Tevini, and R. C. Worrest, eds. Biological Effects of UV-B Radiation. Proceedings of a Workshop held in Munich- Neuherberg, May 25-27, 1982. Sponsored by the German Ministry of Research and Technology and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cairns, Michael A., and Alan V. Nebeker. Toxicity of Acenaphthene and Isophorone to Early Life Stages of Fathead Minnows. Archives o_f Environ- mental Contamination and Toxicology 11:703-707, 1982. Callaway, Richard J., and David T. Specht. Dissolved Silicon in the Yaquina Estuary, Oregon. Estuarine. Coastal. and Shelf Science 15:561-567, 1982. Evans, Rosemary C., David T. Tingey, Marcia L. Gumpertz, and Walter F. Burns. Estimates of Isoprene and Monoterpene Emission Rates in Plants. Botanical Gazette 143(3):304-310, 1982. Giattina, J. D., and R. R. Garton. A Review of the Preference-Avoidance Responses of Fishes to Aquatic Contaminants. Residue Reviews 87:44-90, 1983. Hughes, R. M., and J. M. Omernik. An Alternative for Characterizing Stream Size. pp. 807-101 IN Dynamics of Lotic Ecosystems. Thomas D. Fontaine, III, and Steven M. Bartell, eds. Ann Arbor Science, 1983. Hughes, Robert M., and James M. Omernik. A Proposed Approach to Determine Regional Patterns in Aquatic Ecosystems, pp. 98-102 IN Acquisition and Utilization of Aquatic Habitat Inventory Information (Neil B. Armantrout, ed.). Proceedings of a Symposium held 28-30 October, 1981, Portland, Oregon. Western Division, American Fisheries Society. McFarlane, Craig. Measurement and Reporting Guidelines for Plant Growth Chamber Environment. Letter to the Editor with table specifying guide- lines. Journal of Environmental Quality 11(4):719-720, 1982. Male, Larry M. An Experimental Method for Predicting Plant Yield Respone to Pollution Time Series. Atmospheric Environment 16(9):2247-2252, 1982. Omernik, James M., and Charles F. Powers. Total Alkalinity of Surface Waters — A National Map. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 73(1):133-136, 1983. Peterson, Spencer A., and R. J. Johnson. Lake Restoration in the U.S.A. p. 172-184 IH Role of Water iji Urban Ecology. H. Hengeveld and C. De Vocht, eds. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, The Netherlands, 1982. Rogers, Robert D., and James C. McFarlane. Hydrogen Oxidation in Soils as a Possible Toxic-Effects Indicator. Journal of Environmental Quality 11(3):364-368, 1982. 56 ------- Swartz, R. C., W. A. DeBen, K. A. Sercu, and J. 0. Lamberson. Sediment Toxicity and the Distribution of Amphipods in Commencement Bay, Washington, USA. Marine Pollution Bulletin 13(10):359-364, 1982. Tingey, David T., Gail L. Thutt, Marcia L. Gumpertz, and William Hogsett. Plant Water Status Influences Ozone Sensitivity of Bean Plants. Agricul- ture and Environment 7:243-254, 1982. 57 ------- Extramural Publications Anonymous. EPA Field Guide for Scientific Support Activities Associated with Superfund Emergency Response. Pacific Northwest Laboratory, operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute. Users' Guide (L. C. Raniere, Project Officer). Bouwes, Nicolaas W., and Lowell Klessig. Socioeconomic Impact Evaluation of Lake Improvement Projects and Lake Management Guidelines. Center for Resource Policy Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Final Project Report (Ronald Garton, Project Officer). Brezonik, Patrick L., Charles D. Hendry, Jr., Eric S. Edgerton, Randy L. Schulze, and Thomas L. Crisman. Acidity, Nutrients, and Minerals in Atmospheric Precipitation Over Florida: Deposition Patterns, Mechanisms, and Ecological Effects. University of Florida, Gainesville. Final Project Report (Charles Powers, Project Officer). Caldwell, M. M., W. G. Gold, G. Harris, and C. W. Ashurst. A Modulated Lamp System for Solar UV-B (280-320 nm) Supplementation Studies in the Field. Photochemistry and Photobiology, in press (Norman R. Glass, Project Officer). Caldwell, M. M., R. Robberecht, and S. D. Flint. Internal Filters: Prospects of UV-Acclimation in Higher Plants. Physiologia Plantarum, in press. (Norman R. Glass, Project Officer). Dinnel, P. A., Q. J. Stober, S. C. Crumley, and R. E. Makatani. Development of a Sperm Cell Toxicity Test for Marine Waters, pp. 82-98 IN Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment: Fifth Conference. ASTM STP 776. J. G. Pearson, R. B. Foster, and W. E. Bishop, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, 1982 (Richard Swartz, Project Officer). Fink, Robert. Evaluation of the Effects of Chemical Carriers on Avian LC50 Toxicity Tests. Wildlife International, Ltd. Response Report to EPA, Office of Toxic Substances (Jay Gile, Project Officer). Gammon, R. James, Michael D. Johnson, Charles E. Mays, David A. Schiappa, William L. Fisher, and Bradley L. Pearman. Effects of Agriculture on Stream Fauna in Central Indiana. DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana. Final Project Report (Albert Katko, Project Officer). Garrison, Paul, and Douglas R. Knauer. Lake Restoration: A Five-Year Evalua- tion of the Mirror and Shadow Lakes Project, Waupaca, Wisconsin. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison. Final Project Report (S. A. Peterson, Project Officer). Gold, Warren G., and Martyn M. Caldwell. The Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Plant Competition in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Physiologia Plantarum. in press (Norman R. Glass, Project Officer). 58 ------- Goodman, Erik D., Matt Zabik, Jeffrey J. Jenkins, Robert M. Kon, Renate M. Snider. Ecosystem Responses to Alternative Pesticides in the Terrestrial Environment: A System Approach. Michigan State University, East Lansing. Final Project Report (Jay Gile, Project Officer). Hawkins, Charles P., Michael L. Murphy, and N. H. Anderson. Effects of Canopy, Substrate Composition, and Gradient on the Structure of.Macro- invertebrate Communities in Cascade Range Streams of Oregon. Ecology 63(6):1840-1856, 1982 (Kenneth Malueg, Project Officer). Hunter, John E., Sandor E. Kaupp, and John H. Taylor. Assessment of Effects of UV Radiation on Marine Fish Larvae, pp. 459-497 IN The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems. John Calkins, ed. Plenum Publishing Corporation,"1982 (Robert Worrest, Project Officer). James, R. L. , and F. W. Cobb, Jr. Variability in Virulence of Heterobasidion annosum Isolates from Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pine in Areas of High and Low Photochemical Air Pollution. Plant Disease 66(9):835-837, 1982 (Ray Wilhour, Project Officer). James, R. L., F. W. Cobb, Jr., and J. R. Parmeter, Jr. Effects of Ozone on Sporulation, Spore Germination, and Growth of Fomes annosus. Phyto- pathology 72(9):1205-1208, 1982 (Ray Wilhour, Project Officer). James, R. L., F. W. Cobb, P. R. Miller, and J. R. Parmeter, Jr. Effects of Oxidant Air Pollution on Susceptibility of Pine Roots to Fomes annosus. Phytopathology 70(6):560-563, 1982 (Ray Wilhour, Project Officer). James, R. L., F. W. Cobb, Jr., W. W. Wilcox, and D. L. Rowney. Effects of Photochemical Oxidant Injury of Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pines on Suscepti- bility of Sapwood and Freshly Cut Stumps to Fomes annosus. Phytopath- ology 70(8):704-708, 1980 (Ray Wilhour, Project Officer). Karr, James R., Louis A. Toth, and Gayle D. Garman. Habitat Preservation for Midwest Stream Fishes, Principles and Guidelines. University of Illinois, Champaign. Final Project Report (Gerald S. Schuytema, Project Officer). McLaughlin, John J. A., M. P. Brown, G. S. Kleppel, R. J. Ingram, W. B. Samuels, K. F. Bel ton, and P. F. Roscigno. Primary Productivity and Related Processes in New York Harbor, as Reflective of Changing Water Quality. Fordham University, Armonk, New York. Final Project Report (Charles F. Powers, Project Officer). Mearns, Alan J., and Jack Q. Ward. Forecasting Effects of Sewage Solids on Marine Benthic Communities, pp. 405-512 IN Ecological Stress and the New York Bight: Science and Management, G. F. Mayer, ed. Estuarine Research Federation, Columbia, South Carolina, 1982 (R. C. Swartz, Project Officer). Porcella, D. B. Protocol for Bioassessment of Hazardous Waste Sites. Tetra Tech, Inc. Application Guide (W. E. Miller and S. A. Peterson, Project Officers). 59 ------- Robberecht, Ronald, and Martyn M. Caldwell. Protective Mechanisms and Acclimation to Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Oenothera stricta. Plant Cell and Environment, in press (Norman R. Glass, Project Officer). Runke, Henry M., and Joseph Shapiro. The Current Status of Water Quality in Long, Johanna, and Josephine Lakes — A Summary Report on the Detailed Evaluation Study of the Long Lake Chain of Lakes Improvement Project. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Final Project Report (K. W. Malueg, Project Officer). Schlosser, Isaac J. Fish Community Structure and Function Along Two Habitat Gradients in a Headwater Stream. Ecological Monographs 54(2):295-414, 1982 (Gerald Schuytema, Project Officer). Shapiro, Joseph, Bruce Forsberg, Vincent Lamarra, Gunilla Lindmark, Michael Lynch, Eric Smeltzer, and George Zoto. Experiments and Experiences in Biomanipulation -- Studies of Biological Ways to Reduce Algal Abundance and Eliminate Blue-Greens. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Charles Powers, Project Officer). Sutherland, Ronald J. A Regional Recreation Demand and Benefits Model. Final Project Report (Jack Gakstatter, Project Officer; also issued by Los Alamos National Laboratory LA-9699MS). Sutherland, Ronald J. The Sensitivity of Travel Cost Estimates of Recreation Demand to the Functional Form and Definition of Origin Zones. Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, pp. 87-98, July 1982 (Jack Gakstatter, Project Officer). Sutherland, Ronald J. A Regional Approach to Estimating Recreation Benefits of Improved Water Quality. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 9:229-247, 1982 (Jack Gakstatter, Project Officer). Sutherland, Ronald J. Recreation Benefits and Displaced Facilities. Journal of Leisure Research 14(3):248-262, 1982 (Jack Gakstatter, Project Officer). Temple, P. J., and 0. C. Taylor. Worldwide Ambient Measuremennts of Peroxy- acetyl Nitrate (PAN) and Implications for Plant Injury. Atmospheric Environment, in press (David T. Tingey, Project Officer). Teramura, Alan H. The Amelioration of UV-B Effects on Productivity by Visible Radiation. pp. 367-382 IN The Role of Solar Radiation i_n Marine Ecosystems, John Calkins, ed. Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1982 (Robert Worrest, Project Oficer). Trabalka, John R., and Charles T. Garten, Jr. Development of Predictive Models for Xenobiotic Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ORNL-5869 (James W. Gillett, Project Officer). Welch, E. B., J. P. Michaud, and M. A. Perkins. Alum Control of Internal Phosphorus Loading in a Shallow Lake. Water Resources Bulletin 18(6): 929-936, 1982 (Spencer A. Peterson, Project Officer). 60 ------- Williamson, Kenneth J., and Peter 0. Nelson. Bacterial Bioassay for Level I Toxicity Assessment. Department of Civil Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis. Final Project Report (David T. Tingey, Project Officer). 61 ------- |