United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Corvallis Environmental
Research Laboratory .
Corvallis, Oregon 97333
QUARTERLY
RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT
October 1 - December 31, 1987
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QUARTERLY
RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT
October 1 - December 31, 1987
This research progress report, covering the period October 1 through December
31, 1987, summarizes the current status of all active projects at the Corvallis
Environmental Research Laboratory.
If you have questions or would like more information, feel free to contact
either the manager listed at the end of each project, description or the
Laboratory Director. For those who use a commercial line, dial (503) 757- and
the 4-digit extension of the project manager. The main telephone number of the
laboratory complex is (503) 757-4600.
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CONTENTS
Page
Air Pollution Effects 1
Acid Rain Effects 9
Pesti ci des 39
Toxic Substances 47
Water Qua 1ity 61
Global Climate Change/Photobiology 71
Superfund/Hazardous Wastes 75
Cold Climate 81
Publications List (Blue Pages 83
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Air Pollution Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Economic Assessment of Ozone Impact on Crops (01)
Objective(s):
Develop ozone exposure-crop response data for the major agronomic crops
and use these data to conduct an economic assessment of the effects of air
pollution on agriculture. This project will develop exposure-response
data for crops representing 90% of the U.S. acreage and estimate national
economic losses based on these data. The magnitude of bioenvironmental
sources of uncertainty (soil moisture) and the effects of pollutant
exposure dynamics on these estimates will also be evaluated.
Output Status:
Journal article on effect of soil moisture and ozone on cotton yield
(10/87). Completed.
Journal article on assessment of soil moisture on ozone exposure response
(12/87). Completed.
Journal article on the response of legumes to constant low levels and
episodic ozone concentrations (12/87). Completed.
Book chapter on the NCLAN program for crop loss assessment (01/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on impact of seasonal drought and ozone on beans (01/88).
On schedule.
Journal article on growth of cotton in response to chronic 03 stress at
two levels of soil moisture (01/88). On schedule.
Book chapter on effects on plant growth and carbon allocation stress
(01/88). On schedule.
Book chapter on factors influencing 03 dose-response relations in OTC
(01/88). On schedule.
Journal article on influence of exposure dynamics on plant growth and
yield (01/88). On schedule.
Journal article on comparison of two winter wheat varieties to ozone
(02/88). On schedule.
Journal article on analysis of sample frequency for air monitoring
(02/88). On schedule.
Journal article on economic consequences of alternative seasonal ozone
standards (03/88). On schedule.
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Journal article on growth and yield response of alfalfa to a range of
oxidant exposures: Peak versus freouency of ozone events (03/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on review of exposure regimes and their uses (03/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on effect of cadmium dihydrogen phosphate on the growth of
arabidopsis (04/88). On schedule.
Journal article on influence of soil moisture and ozone on soybean yield
(05/88). On schedule.
Journal article on influence of soil moisture and ozone on soybean physio-
logy (05/88). On schedule.
Journal article on effect of soil moisture and ozone on species composi-
tion (06/88). On Schedule.
Journal article on effect of water stress and ozone on carbohydrate
partitioning in soybean (06/88). On schedule.
Journal article on effects of 03 and S02 on crop quality (07/88). On
schedule.
Activities:
The Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory sponsored the Inter-
national Conference: Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants, Raleigh,
NC, with participation of more than 170 research scientists. The confer-
ence presented final results of EPA's National Crop Loss Assessment
Program. The keynote address at the conference was presented by Dr. J.
Craig Potter, Assistant Administrator for Air, Noise, and Radiation. The
proceedings will be published in two peer-reviewed publications. General
conclusions from the conference were: (1) ozone significantly reduces the
growth and yield of many major agricultural crops; (2) potentially
phytotoxic concentrations of ozone are widely distributed in agricultural
areas; (3) in economic terms, the reduced yield costs the U.S. economy 2
to 4 billion dollars annually; (4) additional research is reouired to
reduce the uncertainties in the estimate and to provide a physiological
basis for extrapolating the results. Conference results will assist the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards in development of a secondary
national ambient air ouality standard for ozone.
The NCLAN data synthesis project has finalized the data library, developed
functional relationships for all data sets, and completed special analysis
on several data sets. The data library contains the plant yield and air
quality data from all NCLAN sponsored field data, as well as other associ-
ated data.
The Economic Assessment Group has completed analysis of the economic
effects of ozone on the agricultural sector. The modeling procedures
incorporate confidence intervals for the economic benefits which account
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for uncertainty in both the exposure-response relationships and the
underlying kriged ozone levels used in the analysis. Interactions with
the Federal Farm Program have been modeled. Also included are adjustments
for drought stress using the analysis developed by David King from the
University of Portland and a weighting scheme for ozone exposure which
incorporates adjustments both for differential growth rates during the
season and for plantings by producers.
On December 17, Gerald Emison, the Director of EPA's Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards (OAQPS) was briefed on the NCLAN Program (its
purpose and accomplishments) and the need for future crops research.
A presentation was made (December 14) to EPA's Clean Air Science Advisory
Committee: A review and interpretation of new literature published since
the Criteria Document for Ozone and other Photochemical Oxidants was
issued and new analyses by CERL scientists to develop alternative ozone
exposure indices relating ozone exposure to reduced crop yield. The
alternative exposure indices were developed to assist OAQPS staff in
determining the appropriate averaging time for a welfare (secondary)
standard.
Findings:
Research was conducted to determine the impact of soil moisture stress on
ozone sensitivity of crops. Goal of the analysis was to develop drought
stress correction factors, through simulation modeling, to use in adjust-
ing ozone-response functions for crops as a part of EPA's National Crop
Loss Assessment (NCLAN) Program. Simulation modeling was used to derive
yield correction factors from two models: one estimates the influence of
soil moisture deficits on regional yield; the second predicts moisture
stress x ozone interactions, The influence of soil moisture status on the
progression of ozone damage was simulated along with the impact of ozone
damage on the subsequent soil moisture. Model results were validated
using data from drought x ozone interaction field studies from NCLAN.
Model outputs were combined with measures of regional moisture stress to
predict drought impacts on corn, soybean, wheat and cotton for the years
1979-83. Results predict an approximate 20% drought-induced reduction in
crop sensitivity to ozone. An investigation into the combined effects
ozone and soil moisture deficit on cotton yielded the following finding:
(1) soil moisture deficit can decrease the impact of ozone on cotton yield
and foliar injury; (2) the interaction of the two stresses did not signifi-
cantly change seed quality. On irrigated farms, ozone can significantly
reduce cotton yields, however, on non-irrigated farms ozone will impair
yield only on years of average or more rainfall which eliminate the soil
moisture deficit factor.
Publications:
Published:
Flagler, R. B., R. P. Patterson, A. S. Heagle, and W. W. Heck. 1987.
Ozone and soil moisture deficit effects on nitrogen metabolism of
soybean. Crop Science 27:1177-1184.
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Heagle, A. S., R. B. Flagler, R. P. Patterson, V. M. Lesser, S. R. Shafer,
and W. W. Heck. 1987. Injury and yield response of soybean to
chronic doses of ozone and soil moisture deficit. Crop Science
27:1016-1024.
Lefohn, A. S., C. E. Davis, C. K. Jones, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett.
1987. Co-occurrence patterns of gaseous air pollutant pairs at
different minimum concentrations in the United States. Atmospheric
Environment 21:2435-2444.
Temple, P. J., R. W. Lennox, A. Bytnerowicz, and 0. C. Taylor. 1987.
Interactive effects of simulated acidic fog and ozone on field-grown
alfalfa. Environmental and Experimental Botany 27 :409-417 .
Accepted for Publication:
Floyd, R. A., M. S. West, K. Eneff, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T. Tingey.
Hydroxl free radical mediated formation of Shydroxyguanine in iso-
lated DNA. Archives Biophys. Biochem. (in press).
King, D. A., A. S. Heagle, and R. B. Flagler. Evaluation of an ozone x
moisture stress interaction model for soybean. Ecological Modelling
(in press).
Submitted for Publication:
Adams, R. M., J. D. Glyer, B. A. McCarl , and S. L. Johnson. A reassess-
ment of the economic effects of ozone on U.S. agriculture. Journal
o_f Air Pollution Control Association (submitted).
Heagle, A. S., J. E. Miller, W. W. Heck, and R. P. Patterson. Injury and
yield response of cotton to chronic doses of ozone and soil moisture
deficit. Agronomy Journal (submitted).
Presentations: The following papers were presented by NCLAN participants
at the International Conference: Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollut-
ants, Raleigh, North Carolina, October 25-29, 1987). Papers approved for
publication after peer review will be published by Elsevier Publishers in
a hardbound book and a special issue of Environmental Pollution.
Invited Papers:
Adams, R. M. Specific economic approaches, results and implications
arising from the NCLAN program.
Heagle, A. S., L. W. Kress, P. J. Temple, R. J. Kohut, J. E. Miller, and
H. E. Heggestad. Factors influencing ozone dose-yield response
relationships in open-top field chambers.
Hogsett, W. E. Pollutant exposure dose concepts for use in crop assess-
ments.
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Laurence, J. A., and D. S. Lang. Estimating changes in crop growth and
yield due to environmental stress.
Miller, J. E. Effects on plant growth and carbon allocation associated
with air pollutant stress.
Preston, E. M., and D. T. Tingey. The NCLAN program crop loss assessment
Rawlings, J. 0., V. M. Lesser, and K. A. Dassel. Statistical approaches
to assessing crop losses.
Contributed Papers:
Amundson, R. G., R. J. Kohut, J. A. Laurence, and L. W. Weinstein. Use of
gas exchange measurements to explain ozone-induced changes in crop
growth and yield.
Dassel, K. A., and J. 0. Rawlings. Experimental design for the Weibull
function as a dose response model.
Irving P. M., L. W. Kress, W. Prepejchal , and H. J. Smith. The influence
of moisture stress or sulfur dioxide exposure on physiological
processes in soybeans and corn exposed to ozone.
King, D. A. Modeling the impact of ozone x drought interactions on
regional crop yields.
Kohut, R. J., and J. A. Laurence. The influence of ozone exposure
dynamics on plant growth and yield loss from air pollutants.
Lee, E. H., D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett. Evaluation of ozone exposure
statistics in exposure-response relationships.
Lefohn, A. S., H. P. Knudsen, and L. R. McEvoy. The use of kriging to
estimate monthly ozone exposure parameters for the Southeastern
United States.
Moser, T. J., D. T. Tingey, K. D. Rodecap, C. S. Clark, and L. W. Joos.
Water stress/ozone interactions on physiological and growth responses
in bush bean.
Temple, P. J., R. S. Kupper, R. S. Lennox, and K. Rohr. Physiological
growth responses of differentially-irrigated cotton to ozone.
Project Manager: David T. Tingey FTS 420-4621/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Air Pollution Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Assessment of Ozone Impacts on Forests (06)
Objective(s):
(1) Determine response of commercially/ecologically important forest tree
species under a range of ozone scenarios for those forest types most at
risk to ozone. (2) Determine the relationship between components of ozone
exposure (e.g., concentration, freauency, duration and respite time) and
tree response, and once Quantified, (a) develop realistic exposure-
response functions and (b) examine the biological relevance of alternative
air Quality statistics that are meaningful in an air Quality standards
context. (3) Predict the influence of various ozone air Quality scenarios
on productivity and composition of forest trees over time and across
forest types.
Output Status:
Journal article on the effects of ozone on growth of Pinus banksiana
(03/88). On schedule.
Journal article on the effect of 03/S02 on growth of Pinus elliottii
(07/88). On schedule.
Journal article on the development of fog exposure regimes (06/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on the growth response of 5 western conifer species to
seasonal exposure of acid fog and ozone (12/88). On schedule.
Journal article on the influence of acid fog on foliar leaching in
Douglas-Fir (06/88). On schedule.
Internal report on the effect of acid fog on nitrate reductase, glutamine
synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activity in western conifers
(06/88). On schedule.
Interim report to OADEMQA on project progress: Hydrogen peroxide effects
on conifers (12/87). Completed.
Interim report to Western Conifer Cooperative/FRP: Foliar leaching of
nutrient from conifer needles with acid mist (10/87). Completed.
Interim report to Western Conifer Cooperative/FRP: Growth response of 5
western conifer species to seasonal exposures of acid fog and ozone, and
winter exposures of S02 (10/87). Delayed to 01/88 because of longer than
anticipated growing season for data collection.
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Activities:
A comprehensive research plan is being prepared which presents the
approach for studying the impact of ozone on forest species, and details
the experimental studies required to accomplish the tasks. This plan will
be submitted for peer-review and a final plan produced before starting the
project.
Contacts have been made for growing the forest species needed in this
research project, and seed and seedling sources have been located.
Publications:
Hogsett, W. E., David Olszyk. Douglas P. Ormrod, George E. Taylor, Jr.,
and David T. Tingey. 1987. Air Pollution Exposure Systems and
Experimental Protocols. Volume I. A Review and Evaluation of
Volume II. Descriptions of Facilities. EPA/600/3-87/
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Performance.
037a,b. U.S.
Project Manager: W. E. Hogsett FTS 420-4632/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: National Lake Survey (51)
Objective(s):
Determine the percentage, distribution, and characteristics of low pH and
low alkalinity lakes.
Determine the percentage, distribution, and characteristics of fishless
lakes.
Determine whether long term chemical and biological changes are occurring
in lakes.
Output Status:
Progress report on status of regional case studies (Florida, north-central
Wisconsin, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and Adirondacks) on surface water
characteristics relating to acid deposition (03/88). On schedule.
Maps depicting pH, sulfate, and acid neutralizing capacity of Western lake
populations (01/88). On schedule.
Draft report on seasonal chemical variability in Eastern lakes (06/88).
Data bases have been verified. Poor quality of some of the data may delay
the final report.
Activities:
National Lake Survey, Phase I: Data analysis interpretations on the
results of the Eastern and Western Lake Surveys continue. Two manuscripts
were submitted this quarter and several additional manuscripts are in
preparation.
National Lake Survey, Phase II: The verified data base for the seasonal
samples has been received and validation of this data base has been
completed. Data analysis runs on the population estimates have been
completed. Re-analysis of some samples is planned and further data inter-
pretation will be delayed pending revision of the data base.
The results of the Western Lake Survey were presented at the annual
meeting of the American Water Resources Association (11/87).
Findings:
Lakes in wilderness areas of the western United States generally contain
lower concentrations of acid neutralizing capacity, base cations, sulfate,
and dissolved organic carbon than non-wilderness lakes in the same
subregions. The results of the Western Lake Survey support earlier
contentions that lakes in USFS wilderness areas are sensitive to a variety
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of perturbations and warrant a conservative approach to managing these
resources. Sensitivity of western lakes to acidification is difficult to
predict on the basis of watershed factors because of local variations in
geology and hydrology. Seasonal data for lakes monitored as long as seven
years show that spring lakes chemistry can be predicted to a large degree
using fall chemistry: 88% of the variance in spring acid neutralizing
capacity could be accounted for on the basis of the fall data. Therefore,
one of the major criticisms of the National Lake Survey has been resolved.
Publications:
Published:
Blick, D. J., J. J. Messer, D. H. Landers, and W. S. Overton. Statistical
basis for the design and interpretation of the National Surface Water
Survey, Phase I: Lakes and Streams. Lake and Reservoir Management
111:470-475.
Brakke, D. F., A. Henriksen, and S. A. Norton. 1987. The relative
importance of acidity sources for humic lakes in Norway. Nature
329:432-434.
Eilers, J. M., P. Kanciruk, R. A. McCord, W. S. Overton, L. Hook, D. J.
Blick, D. F. Brakke, P. E. Keller, M. S. DeHaan, M. E. Silverstein,
and D. H. Landers. 1987. Characteristics of Lakes in the Western
United States. Volume II. Data Compendium for Selected Physical and
Chemical Variables. EPA-600/3-86/054b. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, D.C. 425 pp.
Eilers, J. M., D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and R. A. Linthurst. 1987.
Factors contributing to differences in acid neutralizing capacity
among lakes in the western United States. In R. F. Dworsky (ed.).
Water Resources Related to Mining and Energy -- Preparing for the
Future. American Water Resources Association, Bethesda, Maryland.
pp. 403-418.
Eshleman, K. N., D. J. Blick, P. R. Kaufmann, M. E. Mitch, S. M. Stambaugh,
and J. J. Messer. Acid-base status of surface waters in the Southern
Blue Ridge: a comparison of results from the National Surface Water
Survey. Lake and Reservoir Management 111:476-481.
Landers, D. H., J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, W. S. Overton, P. E. Keller,
M. E. Silverstein, R. D. Schonbrod, R. E. Crowe, R. A. Linthurst, J.
M. Omernik, S. A. Teague, and E. P. Meier. 1987. Characteristics of
Lakes in the Western United States. Volume I. Population Descrip-
tions and Physico-Chemical Relationships. EPA-600/3-86-054a. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 176 pp.
Messer, J. J., D. H. Landers, R. A. Linthurst, and W. S. Overton. 1987.
Critical design and interpretive aspects of the National Surface
Water Survey. Lake and Reservoir Management 111:463-469.
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Newell, A. D., C. F. Powers, and S. J. Christie. 1987. Analysis of data
from long-term monitoring of lakes. EPA-600/4-87/014. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. 150 D.
Wiener, J. G., and J. M. Eilers. 1987. Chemical and biological status of
lakes and streams in the Upper Midwest: assessment of acidic deposi-
tion effects. Lake and Reservoir Management 111:365-378.
Accepted for Publication:
Kramer, J. R., and S. S. Davies. Estimation of non-carbonate protolytes
for selected lakes in the Eastern Lake Survey. Environmental Science
and Technology (in press).
Landers, D. H., W. S. Overton, R. A. Linthurst, and D. F. Brakke. EPA's
Eastern Lake Survey: Regional estimates of lake chemistry. Environ-
mental Science and Technology (in press).
Lee, S., and J. L. Schnoor. Reactions which modify chemistry in lakes in
the National Surface Water Survey. Environmental Science and Technol-
ogy (in press).
Sullivan, T. J., J. M. Eilers, M. R. Church, D. J. Blick, K. N. Eshleman,
D. H. Landers, and M. S. DeHaan. Atmospheric wet sulfate deposition
and lake water chemistry. Nature (in press).
Sullivan, T. J., C. T. Driscoll, J. M. Eilers, and D. H. Landers. Evalua-
tion of the role of sea salt inputs in the long-term acidification of
coastal New England lakes. Environmental Science and Technology (in
press).
Wright, R. F. Acidification of lakes in the eastern United States and
southern Norway: a comparison. Environmental Science and Technology
(in press).
Submitted for Publication:
Eilers, J. M., D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and W. S. Overton. Chemistry
of wilderness lakes in the western United States. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment (submitted).
Project Manager: Dixon H. Landers FTS 420-4695/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: National Stream Survey (52)
Objective(s):
Characterize the chemistry of acidic and low alkalinity streams in sensi-
tive regions of the U.S. and determine their extent and geographic distri-
bution. Determine normal seasonal variability in stream chemistry.
Determine the relationship between key biological resources and the
chemical characteristics of streams. Classify streams in order to
identify representative systems for more in-depth study.
Output Status:
Phase I Pilot Survey Report (12/87). Printing completed.
Data base audit draft document (12/87). Completed.
Phase I Survey Report review draft (12/87). Completed.
Activities:
Phase I Mid-Atlantic/Southeast screening data base audit completed.
Preparations underway for releasing data base and entering it into STORET.
Phase I design, methods, results, and data interpretation reported in
external review draft document completed 12/87.
Publications:
Eshleman, Keith N., and Philip R. Kaufmann. Assessing the regional
effects of sulfur deposition on surface water chemistry: The
Southern Blue Ridge. Environmental Science and Technology (in
press).
Messer, J. J., C. W. Ariss, J. R. Baker, S. K. Drouse, K. N. Eshleman, P.
R. Kaufmann, R. A. Linthurst, J. M. Omernik, W. S. Overton, M. J.
Sale, R. D. Schonbrod, S. M. Stambaugh ,and J. R. Tuschall, Jr.
National Lake Water Survey: National Stream Survey Phase I-Pilot
Survey. EPA/600/4-86/026. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C.
Project Manager: Philip R. Kaufmann FTS 420-4612/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Biologically Relevant Chemistry (53)
Objective(s):
Determine changes in surface water chemical variables caused by acidic
deposition that may pose a threat to fisheries. Develop predictive model
of the effects of surface water acidity on fish.
Output Status:
Final report on impact of acidification on mercury accumulation and fish
community structure (03/88). On schedule.
Final draft report on fish community status as a function of water quality
in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (09/88). On schedule.
Final report on fish community status as a function of water quality in
the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (11/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Field fish survey completed.
Michigan State University personnel completed compiling data from the fish
survey into computer files.
An annotated outline for the project review draft report was finalized.
Fish aging of samples collected for mercury analyses was completed.
Project Manager: Robert F. Cusimano FTS 420-4709/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Effects of Acidic Deposition on Human Health (54)
Objective(s):
Estimate potential health effects attributed to toxic metal mobilization/
bioaccumulation due to acid deposition.
Output Status:
Final report on factors contributing to mercury accumulation in muscle
tissue of fish collected during Phase II of the ELS (08/88). On schedule.
Review draft report on assessment of the potential effects of lake acidity
on bioaccumulation of mercury by fish in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
(08/88). On schedule.
Final draft report on assessment of the potential effects of lake acid-
icity on bioaccumulation of mercury by fish in the Upper Peninsula of
Michigan (11/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Field sampling completed.
Michigan State University personnel completed aging of fish samples
collected for mercury analysis from the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.
Aging information data have been sent to Cornell University researchers
and will be used to interpret mercury levels found in fish tissue.
Fish tissue is being processed at Cornell University by Dr. Steven Gloss
and analyzed for mercury content at Syracuse University by Dr. Charles T.
Driscoll .
Findings:
Preliminary analysis of the aging information vs. defined size classes to
determine age indicate there is considerable variability in size within
any given age class. These results indicate that age data is needed to
select the individual fish for mercury analysis.
Project Manager: Robert F. Cusimano FTS 420-4709/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Watershed Manipulation Project (55)
Objective(s):
Investigate and quantify the relationship between the watershed processes
that influence the acidity of surface waters and the impact that acidic
deposition has on them. Critically evaluate the models used in the
Direct/Delayed Response Project and the predictions/classifications
derived from that project. Provide mechanistic data to refine/revise
those models as necessary.
Output Status:
Progress report on Watershed Manipulation Project (12/87). Completed.
Final report of DDRP model sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (06/88).
On schedule.
Progress report on the watershed manipulation project (12/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on residence time distribution of soil water on a hill-
slope (12/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Experimental acid additions to the Field Manipulation Trial (FMT) plots
were completed. Soil solutions have been analyzed for major chemical
constituents; soil samples have been collected from the plots, and will be
analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, and extract-
able sul fate.
Data collection has been initiated at two precipitation stations located
at the recently established Bear Brook research site in southeastern
Maine. Site selection criteria, field sampling protocols, and quality
assurance methods are compatible with NADP.
A radiotelemetry monitoring system is operating on a preliminary basis at
Bear Brook. The network will allow remote programming, remote downloading
of data, and real time data observation via modem.
WMP cooperating scientists have completed chemical analyses of soils
collected from the experimental plots located adjacent to the Bear Brook
watersheds. The external experimental plots will be irrigated with
various levels and combinations of sulfuric and nitric acids for an
evaluation of dose response.
WMP cooperating scientists have initiated a suite of laboratory experi-
ments with a bulk, homogenized soil prepared from the Bear Brook site.
Some of the experiments include examining effects of nitrification inhib-
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itors on solution chemistry, testing weathering slope constants, assessing
excess ammonium addition on nitrification rates, and generating sulfate
adsorption isotherms.
ERL-C scientists compiled the first annual in-house progress report on the
WMP. The report summarizes site development, research progress, initial
.findings, and modeling activities associated with the Bear Brook study
site.
Findings:
WMP scientists from the nitrogen and sulfur task groups evaluated the
effects of handling procedures and methodology on the determination of
sulfur in vegetation soil, and sediments. Experiments indicate that an
automated S analyzer, when properly calibrated, yields precise and
accurate measurements. Freeze-drying was found to cause less alteration
in S constituents than air-drying. WMP scientists will apply these
findings in subsequent experimental activities.
In laboratory studies simulating snowmelt leaching of forest soils, nitric
acid leached more aluminum than sulfuric acid from soil columns containing
a forest floor-spodic horizon sequence thought to be highly sensitive to
acidification by acid precipitation. The research suggests that the kind
of acid leaching these horizons becomes important when predicting effects
of acid deposition on surface water acidification.
In a companion experiment, it was found that the presence of a forest
floor in soil column leaching studies significantly increased the aluminum
concentration leached from the mineral soil. The results demonstrate the
importance of considering the chemical composition of soil leachates at
the forest floor-mineral horizon boundary when evluating how acid precipi-
tation effects aluminum concentration in drainage waters.
Publications:
David, M. B., M. J. Mitchell, D. Aldcorn, and R. B. Harrison. 1987.
Analysis of sulfur in soil, plant, and sediment materials: use of
freeze-drying and an automated analyzer. Soil Biology and Biochem-
istry (submitted).
David, M. B., G. J. Vance, J. Rissing, and R. J. Stevenson. 1987.
Importance of organic carbon in forest soil processes. Agronomy
Abstracts, p. 254. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin,
James, B. R., and S. J. Riha. 1987. Aluminum leaching by acid precipita-
tion in forest soils: I. Nitric-sul furic acid differences. SSSA
Journal (submitted).
James, B. R., and S. J. Riha. 1987. Aluminum leaching by acid precipita-
tion in forest soils: II. Role of the Forest Floor. SSSA Journal
(submitted) .
Project Manager: P. J. Wigington, Jr. FTS 420-4666/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Long-Term Monitoring/TIME (56)
Objective(s):
Determine future trends in surface water Quality relative to the effects
of current or changing levels of acidic deposition at regional or national
scales, to provide information necessary for regulatory decisions, and to
verify predictive models of acidification or recovery.
Output Status:
Report on monitoring the effects of acid rain on the water Quality of
Laurel Ridge, Pennsylvania, streams (12/87). Complete. Final report sent
to USGS Headquarters for publication.
Report on monitoring the sensitivity of streams in the Sandhills Region of
North Carolina to acidic deposition (10/87). A combination of drought
conditions and USGS field crew priorities delayed samoling of the final
storm event needed to complete the study.
Report on monitoring the water Quality of six streams in the Catskill
Mountains, New York (12/87). Draft reviewed by ERL-C; final draft in USGS
review.
Draft analysis of sampling strategies for the detection of long-term
trends in surface water acidification (01/88). On schedule.
Draft report on statistical design and analysis criteria for TIME (draft
data analysis plan) (05/88). On schedule.
Report on recommendations for biological monitoring in the TIME project
(05/88).- On schedule.
Peer reviewed TIME Research Plan (08/88). On schedule.
Report on selected TIME sites (08/88). On schedule.
Final report on long term acid rain lake studies- State of Vermont
(03/88). On schedule.
/
Final report on program to evaluate long term change in the chemistry of
Adirondack lakes (05/88). On schedule.
Final report on lake monitoring for acid precipitation effects in the
Upper Great Lakes region (02/88). On schedule.
Long Term Chemical and Biological Monitoring of Maine Lakes (09/88). On
schedule.
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Activities:
Planning for the Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems (TIME)
Project continued:
A QA workshop was held in Las Vegas to evaluate experiences with QA data
to aid in designing an optimal QA program for TIME. The workshop outlined
QA/QC approaches taken for the National Surface Water Survey, and then
prioritized major issues and discussed QA approaches. A preliminary
summary of the workshop has been prepared.
Actions to investigate the costs and benefits of various strategies for
using biological information at various tiers of TIME were continued.
Reports on the usefulness of each organismal group to detect surface water
acidification and/or recovery were completed for five groups: fish,
chrysophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and blue-green and green algae.
Similar reports were previously completed for zooplankton, periphyton,
benthic invertebrates in lakes, and benthic invertebrates in streams.
These reports will be used as the basis for a workshop being planned for
March to explore realistic strategies and benefits for biological monitor-
ing.
A cluster analysis workshop was held at ERL-C to analyze and interpret
data from four Phase I regions (1, 2, 3b, and 4). The cluster analyses
were successful in separating regional populations into specific lake
types. Analyses were performed on weighted data, producing population
estimates for each cluster. A draft summary of the workshop has been
completed.
Analysis of the Clearwater Lake data set is continuing. This lake has the
longest record (14 years) in North America and has the advantage of being
situated in an area (Sudbury) in which deposition has changed dramatically
since monitoring began. The analyses show that, for this extreme case,
all four of the statistical techniques applied showed trends in seasonal
data for ANC and $04 within five years.
An outline of the Data Quality Objectives Document has been completed.
Work on the draft Data Analysis Plan has begun. Preliminary outlines for
several chapters are complete. The final format for the plan is not yet
complete.
A draft report on suitability for the TIME project of U.S. sites with
preexisting watershed and/or monitoring information is under review.
Project Manager: Jesse Ford FTS 420-4643/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Direct/Delayed Response of Watersheds (57.1)
Objective(s):
Predict the long-term response of watersheds and surface waters to acidic
deposition; classify watershed system response as direct, delayed or
capacity protected. The Agency and Congress require information concern-
ing rate of acidification and its reversibility. It is not known whether
aauatic resources will deteriorate if emissions are held constant or
decreased or whether aquatic resources will improve. This work is
necessary for informed decision making concerning the timing and necessity
for additional emission controls.
A three-tiered approach is employed to classify watersheds. Level I
entails statistical analysis of watershed characteristics and water
chemistry and evaluated watershed and regional input-output elemental
budgets. Level II estimates single factor response times for watersheds
emphasizing key properties (e.g., sulfate adsorption capacity, base satura-
tion, and indices of soil-water contact). Level III used dynamic system
models to integrate important processes and predicts changes in watershed
properties and surface water chemistry. A soil survey is an important
aspect of the approach in that it provides data for Level I, II, and III
analyses.
Output Status:
QA Report on SE soil mapping (11/87). Completed.
Activities:
Continued statistical analysis of relationships among watershed soils and
lake water chemistry in the Northeast. Continued analyses of sulfur
input-output budgets in the Mid-Appalachia Region. Mapped 13 of 45
watersheds in Northeast of special interest (i.e., unexpectedly high
sulfur retention). Mapped 5 of 36 watersheds in Mid-Appalachian region.
Presented 18 posters at the annual meeting of the Soil Science Society of
America in Atlanta in December.
At the annual meeting of the American Geophjysical Union in December,
Project Manager chaired a session on modeling efforts of acidic deposi-
tion.
Project Manager: M. Robbins Church FTS 420-4666/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Episodic Response Project. (58)
Objective(s):
Determine the magnitude, duration, and frequency of episodic chemical
changes that accompany hydrologic events (both snowmelt and rainstorms) in
streams of the U.S.
Determine whether episodic chemical changes in streams have long-term
impacts on fish populations.
Improve regional estimates of the effects of acidic deposition on fish
populations through consideration of episodic chemical changes.
Estimate the number and proportion of surface waters in specific regions
that are likely to experience biologically relevant acidic episodes.
Output Status:
Draft research plan for the Episodic Response Project (10/87). Completed.
Peer-reviewed research plan for the Episodic Response Project (02/88). On
schedule.
Activities:
Development of project data quality objectives, sampling methods, quality
assurance protocols, and the research plan proceeded on schedule. A major
activity during this period was finalizing the design of the biological
research component of the Episodic Response Project (ERP) that will be
funded jointly with the Biologically Relevant Chemistry Project. Fish
transplant experiments will be carried out in streams in each of three
regions of the eastern U.S; fish migration and mortality in response to
acidic episodes will be measured in 4-6 stream reaches in each region, in
addition to intensive chemical monitoring and field bioassays of toxicity.
Chemical monitoring is scheduled to begin in spring, 1988 with biological
studies beginning in summer 1988. A peer review workshop was held in
November to evaluate the technical merits of the proposed approach to
conducting regional-level research on episodic acidification. Seven peer
reviewers were unanimous in their support of the project objectives and
its contribution to understanding and quantifying the aauatic effects of
acid deposition, but recommended that the extensive survey components of
the ERP not be carried out at least until results from the intensive
research are able to establish a linkage between chemical and biological
impacts.
Research proposals have been received from groups in three regions of the
eastern U.S.: (1) the northern Appalachian Plateau in Pennsylvania, (2)
the Adirondacks in New York, and (3) the Catskills/Poconos in New York.
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-'hese regions were previously identified as high priority for episodic
research based on preliminary regional analyses using empirical models and
National Surface Water Survey data bases. Evaluation of proposals for
their technical merit and for their likelihood of meeting the overall ERP
objectives has begun.
Wet and dry deposition monitoring stations have been installed at the
Fernow Experimental Forest by EPA in accordance with NADP/NTN protocols.
USGS minimonitors for continuous measurements of pH, conductivity, and
temperature were installed at weirs on both manipulated and control
catchments during December. Two automatic water samplers were also
installed at the same time. Both will be programmed to sample during
stormflow events, triggered by an increase in stage. Watershed soil maps
have been completed by the West Virginia Soil Conservation Service using
protocols developed by the Direct/Delayed Response Project. Draft imple-
mentation and Quality assurance plans have been completed and are in
revision. Stream and soil sampling will begin after review and approval
of these plans. Monitoring is expected to begin in January 1988.
Findings:
Application of simple models of episodic acidification showed that the
Adirondacks are the highest priority region of study in the northeast; the
northern Appalachian Plateau and the Catskills/Poconos are the highest
priority regions in the mid-Atlantic. Results have confirmed that simple
empirical models are a useful tool in quantifying the regional importance
of acidic episodes in lakes and streams. Statistically-significant
relationships between pH, ANC, Ca^"1", and Al vs. mean daily stream dis-
charge were found for five streams in the eastern U.S.
Publications:
Eshleman, K. N., and P. R. Kaufmann. Assessing the regional effects of
sulfur deposition on surface water chemistry: the Southern Blue
Ridge. Environmental Science and Technology (in press).
Project Manager: Keith N. Eshleman FTS 420-4666/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Reoort -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Synthesis and Integration of Aquatic Effects Research (59)
Objective(s):
Provide comprehensive and integrated interpretation of information germane
to understanding the current and future effects of acidic deposition on
surface waters.
Output Status:
Report on preliminary findings -- Regional Case Studies Project (to
OADEMQA) (03/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Prepared and edited several water chemistry data bases for the Upper
Midwest region for use in the Regional Case Studies (RCS) Project.
Established and maintained a computer bibliographic system (Reference
Manager) for use in preparing the reference section of the Regional Case
Studies book.
Held meeting of RCS participants to discuss and plan synthesis and
integration for the RCS book.
Initiated funding process with four RCS participants.
Reviewed precipitation data from Rudy Husar for all ESL and WSL lakes.
Prepared map showing location of all RCS regions.
Drafted white papers on important RCS issues: ion ratio, definition of
ANC and alkalinity, enrichment factor analysis, and calculation of organic
acid concentrations.
Initiated efforts with Dr. Jenne, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories,
to provide the capability of evaluating additional deposition scenarios
via the DDRP models, ILWAS, MAGIC, and EOT.
Continued development of the chapter outlines and planning for the 1990
Aquatic Effects Research Program Report.
Met with PNL staff to plan the efforts to address regional dose-response
relationships (Target Loadings) and quantification of recovery rates for
acidified systems.
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Discussed proposed effort to develop regional estimates of future surface
water status based on ELS data and MAGIC with University of Virginia
staff. Effort would follow methods developed and applied to the Norwegian
lake survey data.
Findings:
Data analysis is ongoing. First drafts of book chapters are due March
1988.
Project Manager: Donald F. Charles FTS 420-4329
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Synthesis and Integration of Air Pollution Research on the Forest
Response Program (63)
Objective(s):
Provide leadership and scientific support in the large scale synthesis and
integration of forest research activities by quantifying the effects of
acid rain on the health and productivity of forests.
Output Status:
Report on evaluation of new dendrochronological methods (10/87). Com-
pleted.
Report on evaluation of tree ring studies on two groups of red spruce
(10/87). Completed.
Report on evaluation of Pennsylvania gradient study (09/87). Delayed to
01/88; scope of work was increased.
Report on framework for the role of stand dynamics in estimating pollution
effects (07/87). Delayed to 01/88; scope of work was increased.
Report on initial results from the FIBER matrix model (10/87). Completed.
Report on feasibility study on 07/88 yield projections in TRIM-compatible
format (09/87). Completed.
Report evaluating tree-ring studies on low elevation red spruce (01/88).
On schedule.
Report on Quantitative estimate of seedling response to sulfur, nitrogen,
and associated pollutants under ambient conditions (04/88). On schedule.
Annual report for the Synthesis and Integration Project (04/88). On
schedule.
Report on analysis of growth trends in southern pine plantations (06/88).
On schedule.
Activities:
A decision on a Long-Term Monitoring Program will be made after January
1988. In preparation, the Synthesis and Integration staff will produce
four reports by January on decision-making and planning a Long-Term
Monitoring Program for forests. Drafts of those reports have been
completed.
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Staff met with principal investigators from the Forest Response Program
Research Cooperatives to discuss S&I data needs for the FRP Seedling
Report due in early 1988. Summary data were subsequently received as
requested.
A briefing was given to the FRP Federal Management Group on seedling/
branch/tree integration and modeling activities within the program.
Staff participated in a review of the EPRI Responses of Plants to Inte-
grated Stress (ROPIS) Program.
Project Manager: A. Ross Kiester FTS 420-4636/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Quality Assurance (QA) Forest Response Project (64)
Objective(s):
Assure that data produced within the Forest Response Program (FRP),
examining the effects of acid deposition on forests, are of known and
documented quality. The data will be used for integration of research
results to answer a series of policy Questions established by EPA's Office
of Air and Radiation.
Output Status:
Annual report to Program Management (02/88). On schedule.
Revised data quality objectives document (06/88). On schedule.
Activities:
The QA staff continues its routine auditing procedures within the FRP (82
completed to date). Audit protocols have been established at the national
level to provide consistency across the Forest Response Project.
National documentation has been revised to reflect growing experience in
quality assurance procedures. This documentation includes revised QA
Methods Manuals and the revised QA Implementation Plan. The QA staff also
continues to meet the many reporting requirements of the quality assurance
project.
Results of Forest Response Program comparability studies for soil and
foliar/sample tissue nutrient analyses are coming in and will be analyzed
this quarter. The exposure eouipment performance evaluation audits will
conducted in FY88 by the FRP QA staff; 13 audits completed in 1987,
several of which detected some problems with equipment.
Work continues on the four QA initiatives: wet vs. dry soil analyses;
error sources in tree diameter measurements; testing cuticular wax data
quality objectives (DQOs); and testing the effects of pesticides on
physiological measurements. Results of the first two will be presented at
the FRP annual meeting.
The QA staff is implementing a QA tracking for project measurement vari-
ables and techniques. Information will be used to organize sample
exchanges, audits and audit samples, and comparability studies. The
information ultimately goes into the FRP national data base.
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Findings:
FRP audits continue to show high levels of scientific Quality, good
documentation of results, and improving cooperation between similar
projects. The continuing testing of methods of DQOs indicate that some
revision is necessary, which we are carrying out. Initial results of soil
sample exchange (interlaboratory comparisons) show some significant differ-
ences between participating laboratories. These differences seem to be
related most directly to variability in procedures and the error component
used in the comparison. We will continue our initial analyses and testing
of these differences.
Project Manager: Jack Winjum FTS 420-4324/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on the Condition of Forests in the
Western U.S. (65)
Objective(s):
Evaluate the current and future responses of western coniferous forests to
atmospheric deposition. The Western Conifers Research Cooperative efforts
toward this goal are part of the national Forest Response Program.
Output Status:
Report on development of passive ozone monitor: delivery of prototype
(12/87). Completed.
Annual Report for the Western Conifers Cooperative (04/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Workshop, "Response of Trees to Air Pollution: The Role of Branch
Studies" was conducted.
An interagency agreement funding package with the Department of Energy
(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Comparison of the Response of
Mature Branches and Seedlings of Pinus ponderosa to Atmospheric Pollution)
was transmitted to Headquarters.
Project Manager: Richard K. Olson FTS 420-4355/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Effects of Atmospheric Deposition on Spruce-Fir Forests (66)
Objective(s):
Determine the effects of acidic deposition and associated air pollutants
on spruce-fir forests. Includes investigations of the current reports of
spruce decline at high elevations and investigations of potential mechan-
isms of pollutant effect.
Output Status:
Annual Report for the Spruce-Fir Research Cooperative (04/88). On
schedule.
Activities:
Conducted a symposium for American and German scientists to explore the
state of knowledge regarding spruce-fir forests and to identify coopera-
tive German/U.S. projects.
Project Manager: Roger L. Blair FTS 420-4662/4600
35
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1987
Title: Effects of Acid Deposition on Southern Commercial Forests (67)
Objective(s):
Determine the effects of acidic deposition and associated air pollutants
on southern commercial forests. Includes investigations of the current
reports of growth decline in several southern pines and investigations of
potential mechanisms of pollutant effect.
Output Status:
Annual report for the Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative
(04/88). On schedule.
Report on climate, soils, forest distribution, and air quality data for
the southern U.S. (05/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Conducted a meeting of all cooperative principal investigators to discuss
future research needs. Pis reported on individual projects.
Met with investigtors from the field sites to resolve statistical issues.
Project Manager: Roger L. Blair FTS 420-4662/4600
37
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Pesticides
December 31, 1987
Title: Bioassay Development and GEM Studies (36)
Objective(s):
Develop rationale and procedures for evaluating survival, reproduction,
potential for genetic exchange, fate, effects, and risks associated with
release of genetically engineered biological control agents.
Output Status:
Journal article on aerial dispersal and epiphytic survival of Pseudomonas
sringae during a pre-test for the release of genetically engineered
strains into the environment (10/87). Complete.
Activities:
R.Seidler (CERL) and S. Hern (Las Vegas) gave presentations to Headquarters
program office personnel on "The Release of Ice Minus Recombinant Bacteria
at California Test Sites," summarizing ORD experiences with the on-site
evaluation of the releases. They discussed quantitative evaluations of
bacterial detection and aerosol movement during the spray releases.
R. Seidler presented a seminar on "Release of Recombinant Bacteria into
Microcosms and the Field," at New York Unviersity in November.
Cooperative agreement research proposals were funded:
"Novel Methods for Tracking Agrobacterium radipbacter K84 and
Plasmid-Borne Genes in Agricultural Ecosystems" (Moore, Oregon State
University).
"Survival and Genetic Stability of Genetically Engineered Baculo-
viruses" (Wood, Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research). This
project will establish a predictive model for the survival capacity,
genetic stability, and potential for gene transfer for genetically
engineered baculoviruses.
"Development of Methodology to Evaluate the Effects of Microbial
Pesticides on Mycorrhizal Symbioses" (Linderman, USDA-ARS, Horticul-
tural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon). This project
will develop methods to evaluate the impact of natural and genetic-
ally engineered microbial pesticides on mycorrhizae.
A preliminary particle dispersion model is being prepared to estimate
bacterial concentrations downwind from a source area, and to compare with
field observations.
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Findings:
We continue to acquire and develop methods to study fate and survival of
recombinant fungi in microcosms. A simple method has been used to extract
DMA from four Basidiomycete fungi (Schizophyllum, Coprinus, Laccaria, and
Hebeloma). This DMA has been digested with restriction enzymes and probed
with the cloned rRNA genes from Coprinus (courtesy of P. Pukkila) to
determine the usefulness of the method as a tool for distinguishing the
four fungi. The patterns are different. We plan to continue these
studies with several strains of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria collected
from different geographical regions. We are also developing methods to
transform Laccaria with a cloned Hygromycin B gene (courtesy of 0. Yoder)
so the organism can be grown on a selective medium and also be unambigu-
ously identified using the Hygromycin B gene as a probe.
J. Armstrong and R. Rygiewicz are collaborating on research using already
developed molecular biological methods for Aspergillus and Schizophyllum.
They are transforming these strains with vectors being used for genetic
engineering of fungi and developing methods to study the transformation of
the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata. The availability of these
methods will permit us to study the fate, stability, survival, and effects
of recombinant fungi as they are developed by industry for environmental
release.
Publications:
Cox, C. S. 1987. The aerobiological pathway of microorganisms. A
review. American Society for Microbiology News, p. 583, October.
Lindow, S. E., and 8 others. Aerial dispersal and eiphytic survival of
Pseudoroonas syringae during a pre-test for the release of genetically
engineered strains into the environment. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology (submitted).
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Pesticides
December 31, 1987
Title: Field Validation for Hazard Assessment Techniaues (37)
Objective(s):
Conduct field validation of an Office of Pesticide Programs assessment of
pesticide hazard to terrestrial nontarget organisms and provide toxicity
information on nontarget terrestrial organisms in response to requests
from OPP and the regions.
Output Status:
None this reporting period.
Activities:
In near-field studies on the CERL Wildlife Toxicology ponds, the red-
winged blackbird is being evaluated as a candidate for evaluation of
chemical effects on passerines in the field. These birds are vigorous,
apparently quite sensitive to most chemicals, and appear to be a good
candidate for nest-box, nest abandonment, and other behavioral studies in
the field. Studies with this species will continue early in the spring
1988.
Field studies using telemetry are in final planning stages for a spring
1988 evaluation of the effects of an OP on bobwhite nesting and foraging.
A significant component of the doppler receiver system would not be ready
for another year, so we have decided to use other (standard) transmitters.
The study will, however, still use sophisticated tracking and computer
graphics techniques to determine the movements of nesting adult hens
during the foraging periods to determine the effects of OP on this phase
of reproduction.
Potential field protocols using nest boxes for passerines are being
evaluated in a field situation. Data analysis and evaluation of Phase I
is in progress.
The effects of chemicals on nest attentiveness in valley quail and charac-
terization of the habitat, nest sites, and "baseline" chemical residues
are being conducted at a test site on the Wilson Refuge in Corvallis.
These data will be utilized to provide exposure information for extraopla-
tion to field environments.
Findings:
Preliminary nesting studies using local population of red-winged black-
birds suggest that this species might be a good candidate for nest-box,
nest abandonment, and other behavioral studies in the field.
41
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The early phases of the bobwhite telemetry study indicate that the test
area is relatively clean of prior pesticide use and should provide the
necessary habitat for these studies.
Laboratory studies have demonstrated dose-response characteristics of an
organophosphate which is repeatable. Preliminary results indicate that
each chemical (or class of chemical) may have a repeatable characteristic
temporal "profile" of action.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Pesticides
December 31, 1987
Title: Methods Development and Effects Measurement (38)
Objective(s):
Develop guidelines and test methods for evaluation of the effects of
microbiological pest control agents (MPCAs) in non-target beneficial
terrestrial species.
Output Status:
Report on laboratory testing and evaluation of selected MPCAs on nontarget
birds (terrestrial) (02/88). On schedule.
Activities:
An experiment to evaluate the interim protocol for exposing bobwhites to a
viral MPCA by intravenous inoculation using Autographa caliform'ca NPV a
the test pathogen is nearly completed; tissue sample assays are complete.
A literature search has been completed and a report is being written on
questions, approaches, and methodologies that need to be addressed to
validate interim protocols for respiratory exposure of avian species to
MPCAs. The report will be finished in January and work will start soon
thereafter.
Protocol testing of the predatory neuropteran, Chrysoperua carnea, against
the fungal MPCA, Beauveria bassiana, is proceeding.
Protocol testing of the predatory mite, Metasieulus occidental is, against
the fungal MPCA, Beauveria bassiana, is proceeding.
Publications:
Lighthart, B., D. Sewall, and D. Thomas. Effect of several stress factors
on the susceptibility of the predatory mite, Metasieulus pccidentalis
(Acaria: Phytoseiidae), inoculated with the weak bacterial insect
pathogen, Serratia marcascens. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology (in
press).
Lighthart, B., and D. Sewall. A fungus, Beauveria bassiana, pathogenic
for the predatory mite, Metaseiulus pccidentalis (Nesbitt). Journal
of Invertebrate Pathology (submitfedTi
Sewall, D., and B. Lighthart. Bioassay of a bacterial inoculum in the
predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
(submitted).
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Pesticides
December 31, 1987
Title: Risk Methodologies for Wildlife Populations (40)
Objective(s):
Develop environmental risk assessment methodology using modified existing
or newly developed fate, transport, and effects models to express risk as
a probability statement with estimates of associated uncertainty.
Output Status:
Report on preliminary models to predict consequences of animal body burden
of xenobiotics (10/87). Completed.
Progress report on significant sublethal physiological and behavioral
endpoints of populations affected by chemicals (10/87). Completed.
Report on terrestrial population models for risk assessment: a state of
the art review (02/88). On schedule.
Report on terrestrial community models for ecological risk assessment: a
state of the art review (02/88). On schedule.
Activities:
A literature review on available wildlife toxicology models is complete.
New models are being developed and tested for wildlife populations.
Evaluation of the relative importance of inhalation, dermal, and dietary
uptake routes in avians is proceeding at Battelle Northwest Laboratories.
Work continues at Montana State University to build a (animal) terrestrial
toxicology database using dBASE III incorporating the original TERRE-TOX
database.
Findings:
Toxicity tests based on short vs. long (96 hours or more) periods have
been evaluated, and are not directly comparable; the timescale of toxic
impacts varies from chemical to chemical. A simple means of scaling and
extrapolating experimental data to asymptotic (long-term) endpoints has
been developed so that data from different protocols can be compared, and
a standard toxicity measure defined.
Examination of the PHYTOTOX database has shown that laboratory-to-field
extrapolation of toxicity in plants may be quite straightforward; the LC50
does vary, generally by less than two-fold. However, between species
differences, even for taxonomically related species, are often enormous.
This accentuates the need to find methods for interspecies extrapolation.
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Review of the existing literature suggested that little information is
currently available in support of modeling efforts for terrestrial
wildlife populations. Additional modeling approaches are being considered,
Review of the existing literature revealed that little information is
available about the importance of routes of exposure for terrestrial
wlidlife. Tests continue to provide information about the relative
importance of inhalation as a route of exposure in birds.
Publications:
Shirazi, M., and L. Lowrie. Comparative toxicity based on similar
asymptotic endpoints. Archives £f Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology (in press).
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Terrestrial Toxicology (30.1)
Objective(s):
Evaluate, improve, and validate bioassay methods to assess the effects of
toxic chemicals on plants and animals.
Output Status:
Report evaluating existing mathematical models of atmospheric deposition
and exchange (02/88). Completed (10/87).
Journal article concerning species differences in uptake and translocation
of organic chemicals (01/88). On schedule.
Journal article describing the degree of variation in plant responses to
chemical insult when subjected to water stress (02/88). On schedule.
Activities:
The metabolism of different classes of industrial waste compounds by
plants continues, directed by J. Fletcher, at CERL on a cooperative
agreement with University of Oklahoma.
Plant uptake studies are in progress to determine how the concentration of
a pollutant'influences the movement of a chemical into and through a
plant. The importance of species differences to these processes is being
examined. A number of the species being examined are woody perennials.
This is the first time any attempt has been made to study the root uptake
of industrial waste compounds by woody perennials that are recommended by
EPA for use in the revegetation of toxic waste sites.
The root uptake model is being modifed to operate more efficiently. These
modifications will facilitate its use in the general framework of the risk
assessment under under development by EPA. The root model is being
subjected to sensitivity analysis and steps are being taken to link the
root uptake model with a soils model.
The influence of water stress on plant response to chemical insult contin-
ues to be examined.
Findings:
Cultured plant cells have been shown to metabolize environmentally stable
2,2',4,4'-PCB at a rate of 4.6 pmoles/n/g dry wt. Considering the large
biomass and spatial distribution of plants, the metabolism of PCBs by
plants could be formidable in certain environmental settings.
47
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Data collected on the uptake, biotransformation, and volatilization of
l^C-nitrobenzene by seven plant species are being analyzed. Preliminary
evaluation of these data indicate that in all cases a substantial amount
of nitrobenzene taken up by the different species was volatilized into the
atmosphere from leaf surfaces. The 146 recovered from the plants was
primarily in the roots and most of this had been converted from the
nonpolar parent compound to polar metabolites and insoluble constituents.
Simultaneous exposure of plants to water stress and sublethal doses of a
herbicide indicate that the combination of these stresses has a detri-
mental influence on flowering which is not brought on by either stress
condition separately.
Publications:
Fletcher, J. S., A. Groeger, Joel C. McCrady, and J. C. Me Farlane. 1987.
Polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) metabolism by plant cells. Biotechnology
Letters 9:817-821.
Link, S. L., R. J. Fellows, D. A. Culatdo, J. G. Droppo, and P. Van Voris.
1987. Estimation of aerial deposition and foliar uptake of xeno-
biotics: assessment of current models. Battelle Pacific Northwest
Laboratories, Richland, Washington 99352. PNL-6173/UC-11.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status. Report Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Terrestrial Toxicology (30.2)
Objective(s) :
Improve and validate methods to assess the effects of toxic chemicals on
plant, avian, and mammalian species.
Output Status:
Report on the effects of chemical on egg shell parameters in avians
(10/88). On schedule.
Journal article on the mechanism of transfer of chemicals to eggs and
offspring in avians (10/88). On schedule.
Activities:
A journal article summarizing the investigations of uptake and distribu-
tion of HCB in bobwhite egg and embryos is in preparation.
Research on the effects of dicofol , an organochloride, on egg quality in
mallards is proceeding on schedule. Data from the study will be used to
evaluate the impact of a DDE-like compound on egg shell quality.
Studies on the impact of nutritional status on the ability to detect
chemicals in feed are continuing. A technique has been developed to
precisely measure and record food consumption in birds.
A technique to evaluate the relative toxicity of an analogous alcohol
series (methanol to pentanol) is being tested. Preliminary tests have
been conducted to determine appropriate routes, volumes, and timing of
alcohol toxicity tests. These data are being generated for potential use
in Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship techniques.
Findings:
Detection of dicofol in the gas chromatograph is difficult due to the
breakdown of parent chemical into several other forms. Standard GC method-
ologies are being utilized for this chemical and additional methods are
being evaluated.
Early results indicate that the toxicity alcohols may be related to the
carbon chain length (e.g., each alcohol in the series has an additional
carbon), Further work is needed, however, to relate these results to QSAR
principles.
49
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Publications:
Bennett, R. S. Effects of the number of relative proportion of pesticide-
treated and untreated food choices on dietary discrimination by
northern bobwhite. Archives £f Environmenal Contamination and
Toxicology (in pressT
Bennett, R. S., R. K. Ringer, R. Bentley, and D. VI. Schmedding. Effects
of age and duration of exposure on mortality in avian dietary LC50
tests. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (in
press).
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
50
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Bioenvironmental Aspects of Biotechnology (31)
Objective(s):
Develop data bases and a series of research-based protocols to provide
methods for evaluating risks from the release of genetically engineered
microbes (GEMs) into terrestrial environments.
Output Status:
Journal article on DNA probe method for the detection of specific micro-
organisms in the soil bacterial community (12/87). Complete.
Activities:
Presented an invited seminar at Rutgers University entitled, "Assessing
the Risks of Environmental Releases of Recombinant Microbes Through
Research" (R. Seidler).
Presented the keynote address at the 1987 Conference of Biotechnology for
the Preservation of Environmental Quality in Montreal in October. Seminar
title was "Scientific Issues Involving the Release of Genetically Engin-
eered Microbes into the Environment" (R. Seidler).
Presented an invited seminar at the Fifth International Symposium on Rapid
Methods and Automation in Microbiology and Immunology, in Florence, Italy.
Seminar title was "Detection of Genetically Altered Bacteria Following
Release to the Environment" (R. Seidler).
Cooperative agreement research proposals were funded:
"Measurement of Persistence and Effects on Microbial Diversity of
Pesticide-Degrading Microorganisms in the Soil," University of
Louisville. The project will determine the persistence and effects
of specific GEMs with and without chemical disturbances from pesti-
cide additions to the ecosystem.
"Towards Quantification of the Ability of GEMs to Invade Soil
Habitats and Their Effects on Microbial Community Structure."
Tiedje, Michigan State University. The project will determine under
what conditions invading organisms can become established in soil and
what effect invaders may have on the established organisms in the
habitat.
"A Colorimetric Assay for Use in Detecting, Tracking, and Enumerating
Genetically Engineered Microorganisms in Terrestrial Environments."
Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine.
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Studies continue on GEM Pseudomonas putida strains capable of 2,4-dichloro-
phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DT degradation. They will be tested in microcosm
systems for their competitiveness with wild type strains and their ability
to decrease 2,4-D in the soil environment will be determined.
Findings:
We continue to study survival of Entobacter cloacae (pBR322) on the leaves
of bean plants and in soil contained in large microcosm chambers. Environ-
mental sensors hourly monitor the relative humidity, air temperature, leaf
wetness, soil temperature, and soil moisture. Plants and soil are sampled
for up to 21 days, processed, and plated on a selective medium. To
determine replication with these chambers, we repeated the experimental
design three times under the same chamber environments. The survival
curve for bacteria in soil and on leaves compared well across experiments.
Approximately 99% of the bacteria sprayed in the microcosm could not be
recovered after 5 days. From day 5 to day 21, there was almost no further
decrease in the bacterial populations. The survival curves from these
experiments are being analyzed by a statistician to identify the sources
of variance within the experimental design. In two additional experi-
ments, a humidifier was programmed to increase the relative humidity of
one chamber to 95% during the 6-hour night period, while the second
chamber was kept at 40 to 50% relative humidity. The higher relative
humidity increased the soil moisture in that chamber. In these experi-
ments, the £. cloacae (pBR322) on leaves showed similar death curves in
both low and high humidity environments. However, these bacteria survived
better in the soil with a higher moisture content as compared to those in
the drier soil .
Publications:
Holben, W. E., J. H. Jansson, B. K. Chelm, and and J. M. Tiedje. DNA
probe method for the detection of specific microorganisms in the soil
bacterial community. Applied and Environmental Microbiology (sub-
mitted).
Knudsen, G. R., M. V. Walter, L. A. Porteous, V. J. Prince, J. L.
Armstrong, and R. J. Seidler. 1988. Conjugative plasmid transfer in
the rhizosphere and phyllosphere: a predictive model . Applied and
Environmental Microbiology (in press).
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
52
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Comparative Terrestrial Toxicology (34)
Objective(s):
Determine when data from surrogate species can be used to extrapolate
toxicologic effects to other species.
Output Status:
None scheduled this reporting period.
Activities:
Development of immune function tests for mallards and bobwhite continue.
A collaborative effort with staff from the Oregon State University College
of Veterinary Medicine to define avian serum chemistry profiles continues.
Baseline data for blood chemistry of mallards and bobwhite has been
completed. A Tb test for avians has been successfully tested. Work is
progressing on standardizing the lymphocyte migration and carbon clearance
assays.
An in vitro macrophage colony has been developed for use in immunologic
screening tests for mallards. This colony is needed to support future
immunologic function tests for avians. Experiments using the colony are
planned for early spring.
Lymphocyte migration tests are currently under development and evaluation.
Although several aspects of this test are still incomplete, considerable
progress has been made.
Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate
dehydrogenase (LD-L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-
transferase (ALT), amylase, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G), glucose, and
cholinesterase (ACHE) tests are routinely conducted by the wildlife team.
These screening panels are being evaluated in bobwhite and mallard.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
53
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54
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Bioaccumulation and Toxic Effects of Sediment (35)
Objective(s):
Develop and validate methods to define adverse effects of toxic substances
in sediments on freshwater organisms.
Output Status:
Effects of sample storage on tpxicity of sediments contaminated with
organic compounds (10/88). On schedule.
Journal article on comparative uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead
minnows, Hyalella, and Lumbrlculus from water and sediment (10/87).
Completed.
Journal article on survival , reproduction, and bioconcentration in inverte-
brates exposed to hexachlorobenzene (10/87). Completed.
Journal article on effects of suspended particulates and sediment on the
uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows and macroinvertebrates
(07/88). On schedule.
Report to EPA Region 10: Toxicity of lower Columbia River sediments to
Hyalella and Daphnia (11/87), Completed.
Report to EPA Office of Toxic Substances: Acute and chronic Daphnia magna
freshwater sediment toxicity tests (07/88). On schedule.
Report to EPA Office of Toxic Substances: Technical support document for
acute and chronic Daphnia magna freshwater sediment toxicity test (07/88).
On schedule.
Activities:
Work was initiated on testing the effects of sediment storage (freezing
vs. 4°C) on toxicity of DDT and endrin in the sediments to Hyalella
azteca. Work is continuing with Daphnia sediment bioassays for EPA Region
X. Development and validation of chronic Daphnia sediment procedures of
EPA Office of Toxic Substances is continuing.
Chronic Daphnia and fathead minnow tests are being conducted on Superfund
site samples from the McClaren site in Montana and the Douglassville site
in Pennsylvania. Verification of the chronic Daphnia test with sediment
and Superfund samples is continuing.
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Findings:
The 7-day Daphnia magna chronic test for analyzing sediment samples for
toxicity produces good results and is recommended as a standard procedure.
The test starts with 6-day-old animals at 22°C and uses adult survival and
production of 2 broods of young as effect parameters. The procedure has
been verified with sediment and Superfund samples.
Publications:
Nebeker, A. V., W. L. Griffis, 0. M. Wise, E. Hopkins, and J. A. Barbitta.
Survival, reproduction, and bioconcentration in invertebrates and
fish exposed to hexachlorobenzene (submitted).
Schuytema, G. S., D. F. Krawczyk, W. L. Griffis, A. V. Nebeker, M. L.
Robideaux, B. J. Brownawell, and J. C. Westall. Comparative uptake
of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows, Myall ell a, and Lumbriculus
from water and sediment (submitted).
Project Manager: Alan V. Nebeker FTS 420-4875
56
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Develop Methodologies for Soil/Plant Communities (41)
Objective(s):
Identify critical ecosystems and their components and processes which have
social and/or ecological value.
Improve risk methods for toxic chemicals in soil/plant communities and
provide a mathematical model which will allow prediction of effects of
xenobiotic chemicals in terrestrial plants.
Output Status:
Report on the review and evaluation of the effects of xenobiotic chemicals
on microorganisms in soil (12/87). Delayed to 01/88.
Report on selection of critical terrestrial systems (12/87). Completed.
Convert PHYTOTOX to IBM dBASE III format (10/87). Completed.
Prepare User's Manual for dBASE III version of PHYTOTOX (12/87).
Completed.
Journal article on chemicals and mycorrhizae on root permeability and
cation fluxes (12/87). Delayed; additional data being added.
Activities:
The information and discussions synthesized from interviews, workshops,
and literature evaluations on critical systems has been analyzed and
summarized in a report submitted to EPA.
The microcomputer version of PHYTOTOX, along with the newly completed
User's Manual, has been distributed to selected parties in EPA for
testing.
Additional mycorrhizal studies are being conducted to confirm some prelim-
inary results which were not consistent with currently held views on this
topic.
Findings:
The draft report on "Effects of Chemicals on Soil Biota" indicates that
there are numerous contradictions on this topic in the published litera-
ture.
The microcomputer version of PHYTOTOX has greatly expanded the number of
persons who can now gain access to it, and therefore it is being effec-
tively used for the first time to resolve questions on a day-to-day basis.
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A final analysis of data from the mycorrhizae study showed plant species
differences which were not anticipated. Additional experiments have been
initiated to evaluate these findings.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Toxic Substances
December 31, 1987
Title: Validated Hazard Assessment Using Microcosms and Field Sites (42)
Objective(s):
Determine the ability of toxicological testing methods to predict an
effect on field populations.
Output Status:
Journal article on a continuous-flow method for measuring the effect of
chemicals on soil nitrification (12/87). Completed.
Journal article on the effects of selected chemicals on microbial popula-
tions (01/88). On schedule.
Activities:
An investigation is underway to evaluate the effects of body size and age
on sensitivity to chemicals in avian dietary tests. This study will
provide an evaluation of the impact of age and size on the results of 1059
protocols for bobwhite quail.
A computerized metabolic and respiratory system has been tested which
measures oxygen consumption and C02 production simultaneously in up to
five birds or small mammals,, All computer software for test control and
data recording is complete. This system will be used to evaluate meta-
bolic and thermoregulatory measurements in conjunction with toxicity
tests.
Work is continuing on the development of an automated system to measure
respiration in soil culture. This will be used to measure the effect of
toxic chemicals on random metabolism of soil populations over small
increments of time where responses are often missed in traditional culture
techniques.
The continuous-flow culture procedure 1s being modified to evaluate the
effect of chemicals on soil nitrification.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
59
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60
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Water Quality
December 31, 1987
Title: Freshwater Sediment Quality Criteria for Toxic Pollutants (12.1)
Objective(s):
Determine the biological effects of sediment contaminants, develop methods
of assessing biological effects, and determine whether sediment criteria
are warranted.
Output Status:
Journal article on effect of three sediment organic carbon levels on
survival of Hyalella azteca exposed to DDT in sediment (06/88). On
schedule.
Journal article on survival and reproduction of Daphnia, Hyalella, and
Gammarus in low dissolved oxygen (10/88). On schedule.
Journal article on effect of low dissolved oxygen on the life stages of
the caddisfly, Clistoronia magnifica (Limnephilidae) (10/88). On schedule,
Report on effects of endrin-spiked sediment at three organic concentra-
tions on Hyalella azteca survival (06/88). On schedule.
Journal article on comparison of static, elutriate, and recirculating
sediment bioassay procedures (07/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Data analysis and preparation for Science Advisory Board meetings with
Duluth-ERL is continuing with results from DDT and endrin sediment assays.
Findings:
It is apparent that the response of Hyalella azteca to sediment spiked
with DDT and sediment spiked with endnn is different. The two chemicals,
though related as chlorinated pesticides, have different solubilities,
sorption rates in sediment, and different toxicity as related to percent
organic content of spiked sediment.
Project Manager: Alan V. Nebeker FTS 420-4875
61
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Water Quality
December 31, 1987
Title: Lake Restoration (13)
Objective(s):
Provide EPA's Office of Water with a comprehensive Lake Restoration
Guidance Manual (LRGM) that incorporates all aspects of lake management
and restoration including types of techniques, cost-effectiveness,
regional prioritization of projects, and an assessment of efficiency of
treatment techniques. Work will include technical assistance to States
and Regions concerning application of the LRGM to the Clean Lakes Imple-
mentation Program conducted at the Region/State level.
Output Status:
Lake Restoration Guidance Manual (04/88). On schedule.
Activities:
The final draft of the LRGM has been delivered to authors for comment
following incorporation of reviewer and workshop participant comments
received at the annual North American Lake Management Society conference
in November. The project leader, two authors, and the NALMS editor met in
December to finalize the document. It appears the LRGM will be delivered
ahead of schedule.
The scope of this project was amended at the request of EPA's Office of
Water to include plans for technical assistance to the Regions and States.
This assistance includes development of workshop brochures and materials
based on the LRGM, the conduct of workshops in three locations, the
critical analysis and documentation of the suitability of current Clean
Lakes data bases to assess longevity of various lake treatment techniques,
and the development of a long-term monitoring plan to assess success and
longevity of effectiveness of future Clean Lakes projects.
Project Manager: James C. McCarty FTS 420-4601
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Water Quality
December 31, 1987
Title: Wetlands Research on Mitigation and Cumulative Effects of Loss (14)
Objective(s):
Implement research on cumulative impact assessment and mitigation to: (1)
assess the effects of cumulative wetland losses on wetland functions in
the landscape; (2) improve methods of creating, restoring and enhancing
wetlands and wetland functions; (3) provide guidance for the design of
effective mitigation projects; and (4) provide information through the
publication of "Community Profiles" and other wetlands information.
Output Status:
Report on conceptual framework for cumulative impact assessment (12/87).
Completed.
Report of National Wetland Symposium: Mitigation of Impacts and Losses
(11/87). Completed.
Production of the Proceedings from the National Wetland Technical
Council's symposium on prairie wetlands (02/88). On schedule.
Provisional guidance document based on literature synthesis (06/88). On
schedule.
Report on mitigation projects in EPA Regions IX and X (09/88). On
schedule.
Activities:
The program was peer reviewed and evaluated for progress and FY88 operat-
ing plans. The panel was generally supportive and suggested improvements
that will be adopted.
Final quality assurance checks were made of the data bases of 404 permits
of freshwater mitigation projects in Louisiana and Mississippi, and of
projects in Alabama and Washington; initiated trends analysis of these
data bases and continued that for the Oregon data base; continued program-
ming the data management system to increase user friendliness and to
compile information for analysis.
Data entry programs for the Oregon field study are completed; data entry
and concurrent quality assurance checks are progressing; completed
analysis of water samples for heavy metals, QA/QC checks confirm that
quality standards were met; site selection continues for pilot study in
Florida to test methdos for evaluating created and restored freshwater
emergent wetlands and adapting the method to forested wetlands; a draft
proposal for a similar study in New England was reviewed, this study will
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be done in cooperation with Region I; revision of the documentation of a
method for evaluating created and restored freshwater emergent wetlands
and the supporting quality assurance protocol continues.
Review of the manuscripts for the Literature Synthesis has been completed
and editorial review is in progress; the draft Overview and Research Needs
was received from representatives of the National Wetland Technical
Council and circulated for comment.
Findings:
Preliminary analysis of the 404 permit data bases have identified some
regional patterns in permitting. For Oregon and Washington, only permits
that required compensation in the form of creation or restoration were
examined. In Oregon, impacts on 11 wetland types were permitted; four
types comprise 77% of the number of wetlands impacted. In Washington,
impacts on 23 wetland types have been permitted; four types comprise 69%
of the number of wetlands impacted. When all the permits issued involving
freshwater wetlands in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas were examined,
a different pattern emerged. Twelve wetland types were impacted; 81% of
the number of wetlands impacted were of one type, palustrine forested
wetlands (bottomland hardwoods). The data base from Louisiana, Mississippi,
and Alabama shows that over half of the permits issued did not require
compensation in the form of wetland creation and restoration. The area of
wetlands impacted was 30,095 acres, while requirments for creation or
restoration to compensate for losses was 3,481 acres.
A workshop sponsored by the Wetlands Research Program to develop a frame-
work for cumulative impacts research discussed the prospects for develop-
ing methods to assess the potential cumulative impacts of wetland loss on
the major functions of systems of wetlands and proposed a research
strategy. The primary conclusion to be drawn from the papers and the
workshop is that a sound scientific basis for regulation will not result
from acquiring more information on more variables. It will come from
recognition that a shift to larger temporal, spatial, and organizational
scales is needed. The workshop proceedings proposes alternative
approaches. Participants agreed that cumulative impacts could not be
managed effectively when Section 404 permit applications continue to
evaluated on a case-by-case basis without reference to their landscape
context.
Publications:
Abbruzzese, Brook, Anastasia B. Allen, Sandra Henderson, and Mary E.
Kentula. Selecting sites for comparison with created wetlands. In:
The Proceedings of Symposium '87 Wetlands/Peatlands. Edmonton,
Alberta, Canada, 1987 (in press).
Bedford, Barbara L., and Eric M. Preston, eds. Evaluating cumulative
effects on landscape systems of wetlands. 14 articles submitted to
Environmental Management for publication as a special issue.
Project Manager: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Water Quality
December 31, 1987
Title: Regional Integration Project (15)
Objective!s):
Develop assessment procedures for determining biological Integrity in
freshwater systems.
Determine regional patterns of stream ecosystem characteristics.
Provide methods and technical assistance for assessing attainable uses.
Output Status:
Report on regional modifications of Karr's Index of Biotic Integrity
(10/87). Completed.
Report on the regional assessment of attainable trophic state of lakes
(11/87). Completed.
Ecoregion maps for the remaining five regions of the U.S. (11/87).
Completed.
Preliminary protocol for rapid bioassessment of fish communities.
Completed.
Workshop to develop recommendations for ambient biocriteria for fish and
macroinvertebrate communities. Completed.
Report on recommendations arising from national biocriteria workshop
(04/88).
Guidance paper on regional integration rationale with examples (08/88).
Activities:
Completed regional integration project draft research plan.
Briefed EPA Administrator, Regional Water Division Directors and Office of
Water Administrators, Region VIII Division Directors and Assistant
Directors, and Science Advisory Board on the ecoregion approach.
Presented paper on attainable lake trophic state at North American Lake
Management Society meeting.
Chaired and presented paper on use of ecoregions to develop biocriteria at
national biocriteria workshop.
Findings:
Developed and tested in the Midwest, the IBI was adapted for use in
western Oregon, northeastern Colorado, New England, Appalachia, and
northern California. The concept was extended to Louisiana estuaries.
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Because of low species richness, IBI metrics were replaced, deleted, or
added. Modifications followed the original IBI concept and its theoret-
ical underpinnings. The IBI holds promise for direct biological monitor-
ing, and several states have incorporated it in their monitoring and
standards programs. The IBI thus serves as a quantitative biological goal
for water resource management (Miller et al.).
A map of summer total phosphorus in lakes was compiled for the Upper
Midwest to clarify regional patterns in attainable lake trophic state.
The maps were compiled using patterns of total phosphorus data and associ-
ations between these data and geographic characteristics, such as physio-
graphy, land use, geology, and soil. Regions depicted on the map repre-
sent areas of similarity in phosphorus concentrations in lakes. The map
provides a framework for determining representative lake conditions and
realistically attainable phosphorus levels within each region (Omernik et
aK). ~~
Publications:
Heiskary, S. A., C. B. Wilson, and D. P. Larsen. 1987. Analysis of
regional patterns in lake water quality: using ecoregions for lake
management in Minnesota. Lake and Reservoir Management 3:337-334
Hughes, R. M., and J. R. Gammon. 1987. Longitudinal changes in fish
assemblages and water quality in the Willamette River, Oregon.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 115:196-209.
Miller, D. L., and 13 others. Regional applications of an index of biotic
integrity for use in water resource management. Fisheries (sub-
mitted) .
Omernik, J. M., C. M. Rohm, S. E. Clarke, and D. P. Larsen. Summer total
phosphorus in lakes: a map of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan.
Environmental Management (submitted).
Omernik, J. M., and A. L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the South Central
States. Map (1:2,500,000). EPA/600/D-87/315. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Omernik, J. M., and A. L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the West Central
States. Map (1:2,500,000). EPA/600/D-87/317. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Omernik, J. M. 1987. Ecoregions of the Northeast States. Map
(1:2,500,000). EPA/600/D-87/313. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Omernik, J. M., and A. L. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the Southwest
States. Map (1:2,500,000). EPA/600/D-87/316. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Omernik, J. M. 1987. Ecoregions of the Southeast States.. Map
(1:2,500,000). EPA/600/D-87/315. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
Project Manager: Robert M. Hughes FTS 420-4666/4600
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report -- Water Quality
December 31, 1987
Title: Water Quality Criteria for Terrestrial Wildlife (17)
Objective(s):
Provide EPA with information on the adequacy of existing water quality
criteria to protect terrestrial wildlife, and provide information to revise
criteria where these are inadequate.
Output Status:
Internal report on significant levels of chemicals found in bodies of water
utilized by waterfowl and small mammals (11/88). On schedule.
Internal report on pollutants considered to pose the greatest threat to
wildlife when existing WQC are met (12/88). On schedule.
Activities:
Review of the WQC documents has begun. Several WQC pollutants identified
have the potential to bioaccumulate in fish and other elements of the food
chain. Research to identify chemicals with the greatest potential for
accumulation in piscivorous birds and mammals is underway.
A study to determine the effect of selenium on waterfowl in outdoor ponds
has begun. This is a cooperative effort between investigators at the
University of Wisconsin, Madison, the Duluth EPA laboratory, and the
Wildlife Toxicology Research Group at Corvallis.
Preliminary work has started to evaluate WQC pollutants which have the
potential to bioaccumulate in food sources for birds and small mammals.
In-house feeding tests planned to evaluate the toxic effects of polluants
when water contains levels appropriate to those found when WQC are met.
Findings:
The toxic, oncogenic, and teratogenic effects of high levels of selenium on
waterfowl have been documented. The levels of selenium and the specific
analogs necessary to produce these effects have not been well documented.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
69
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Global Climate Change/Photobiology
September 30, 1987
Title: Ecological Effects of Stratospheric Modification (44)
Objective(s):
Develop information and data base sufficient for understanding the
possible environmental effects of enhanced radiation resulting from
stratospheric ozone depletion due to chlorofluorocarbon emissions to the
atmosphere.
Output Status:
Journal article on UV-B effects on tree seedlings (09/88). On schedule.
Report on indirect effects of UV-B radiation on a commercial fishery
(10/88). On schedule.
Report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice (09/89). On schedule.
Activities:
The Director of Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards was briefed
on the ERL-Corvallis' Stratospheric Ozone Project.
Findings:
Research supported by the Corvallis Laboratory resulted in a manuscript
evaluating the possible risks and uncertainties concerning stratospheric
ozone depletion and its impact on plants. The manuscript addresses (1)
the risk to crop yield resulting from both direct and indirect effects of
enhanced solar UV-B radiation, (2) the uncertainties associated with the
effectiveness of UV-B radiation, and (3) recommendations for standardiza-
tion of experimental procedures and future research priorities. The
manuscript examines all of the published and unpublished material cur-
rently available to assess the likely impact of projected increases in
UV-B radiation upon global productivity and upon the distribution and
abundance of plants in natural ecosystems. Despite a broad range of
experimental protocols and dosimetry, in nearly half of the plant species
examined, UV-B radiation produced a deleterious effect on yield. UV-B
radiation affected both the quantity and quality of crop yield, but the
magnitude of the effect was highly variable from one year to another. The
limitations to this assessment are formidable, particularly due to a
paucity of experimental data and the slow development of appropriate
technology. Therefore, the actual impact on crop yield resulting from
exposure to increased levels of UV-B radiation may be far greater or
somewhat less than current knowledge indicates.
71
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Publications:
Teramura, A. H. Current risks and uncertainties of stratospheric ozone
depletion upon plants. In: Risks of Trace Gases That Can Modify the
Stratosphere, Volume VIII. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (in
press).
Project Manager: Robert C. Worrest FTS 420-4666/4600
72
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Global Climate Change/Photobiology
December 31, 1987
Title: Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change (46)
Objective! s):
Provide state-of-science information on the potential , most probable, and
most problematic ecological effects of global climatic changes resulting
from tropospheric 'greenhouse' gases.
Output Status:
Research plan for ecological effects (11/87). Delayed to 05/88.
Internal report to provide technical support for congressional report on
environmental effects (04/88). Delayed to 07/88.
Implementation plan for ecological effects research in global climate
change (07/88). Delayed to 12/88.
Draft reports: Assessing the sensitivity of aquatic systems to changes in
regional climatic patterns. Completed; data forwarded to ORD Headquarters
to be incorporated in final report.
Activities:
There was a management meeting held by Office of Policy, Planning, and
Evaluation to plan the activities contributing to the congressional report
on environmental effects of global climatic change. Several participants
in the Global Climate Project attended a conference organized by the
Climate Institute, Washington, D.C. There were two ORD research manage-
ment team meetings to continue the long-term research planning process.
Project Manager: Robert C. Worrest FTS 420-4666/4600
73
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74
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
December 31, 1987
Title: Cost-Effective Screening Bioassays for Release Assessment (20)
Objective(s):
Develop and demonstrate or field validate a multi-media biological screen-
ing protocol to assist in determining hazard potential and extent of
contamination by waste released into the aquatic or terrestrial environ-
ment.
Output Status:
Bioassay protocols for assaying toxicity at hazardous waste sites (01/88),
On schedule.
Activities:
Papers were presented:
Annual meeting of the Society for Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry, Pensacola, Florida, November 9-13, 1988.
Direct assessment of environmental risk using bioassays (J.
Greene).
Requirements for EDTA in algal growth media (J. Greene).
Statistical approaches to screening army ammunition plants for
biotoxicity (J. Greene) (with J. M. Thomas, L. A. Athey, and D.
W. Carlisle, Battelle PNL).
Southeastern Water Pollution Biologists Association, Nashville,
Tennessee, November.
Bioassessment methods for RCRA and CERCLA sites (J. Greene).
Superfund 87, Hazardous Materials Control Research Institute, 8th
Annual National Conference, Washington, D.C., November 16-18, 1987.
Soil stabilization treatability study at Western Processing
Superfund site (J. Greene) (with John Barich, Region X; and R.
Bond, ICF-Northwest, Seattle).
Publications:
Use of Selenastrum capricornutum to assess the toxicity potential of
surface and groundwater contamination cuased by chromium waste.
Journal of_ Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (in press).
Project Manager: Charles W. Hendricks/Joseph C. Greene FTS 420-4582/4776
75
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76
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
December 31, 1987
Title: Site and Situation Assessment (22)
Objective(s):
Provide uniform, useful field manuals to describe the major environmental
processes, effects, and assessment methods that will assist decision
makers with containment and cleanup of hazardous wastes. The documents
focus on biological and ecological effects of various cleanup scenarios.
Output Status:
Special report on bioavailability of industrial and domestic waste
products entering the Clark Fork River (Region VIII) (08/88). On schedule.
Activities:
CERL staff processed samples and performed bioassays on materials from the
Douglasville Superfund site, Union, Penneylvania (in cooperation with the
Environmental Response Team, EPA-Edison, New Jersey, and EPA Region III)
and the Drake Chemical Company Superfund site, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
(in cooperation with EPA Region III).
Work continued on the United Chrome hazardous waste site, Corvallis,
Oregon (in cooperation with EPA Region III).
An agreement was initiated with Environment Canada for CERL to participate
in a study to compare various Canadian as well as U.S. laboratory capa-
bilities in performing algal, fish, and microbial assays on hazardous
wastes.
Assessments have been completed on the McLaren Site mine tailings (near
Cooke, Montana) and the data analysis is underway.
Project Manager: Charles W. Hendricks/Joseph C. Greene FTS 420-4582/4776
77
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78
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Super fund/Hazardous Wastes
December 31, 1987
Title: Dioxin Unavailability Food Chain (27)
Objective(s):
Determine the potential for accumulation of dioxin in terrestrial plants
and animals that are consumed by man.
Output Status:
Journal article on potential bioaecumulation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from contam-
inated soils in large animals (12/87). Complete.
Activities:
This project has been completed and a journal article prepared for sub-
mission.
Preliminary results suggest that the biological half-life of TCDD in dairy
cows is less than 1 week with feces serving as the major route of elimina-
tion. In tests using a TCDD-contaminated silty clay loam soil typical of
the Times Beach, Missouri, area, 10-15% of the dioxin ingested with the
soil was detected in the milk. The bioavailability and transport of
dioxin to milk from this soil is comparable to that observed when cows
were fed dioxin-contaminated grain.
Publications:
Jones, D., S. Safe, E. Morcom, H. Holcomb, C. Coppack, and W. Ivie.
Unavailability of grain and soil-borne 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD administered to lactating Holstein cows). Chemosphere
(submitted).
Project Manager: Jay D. Gile FTS 420-4691
79
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80
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Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory
Project Status Report Cold Climate
December 31, 1987
Title: Cold Climate Research Program (45)
Objective(s):
Answer questions of concern to EPA Region X and State of Alaska regarding
environmental problems unique to arctic and subarctic regions.
Output Status:
User's manual update for assessing the impacts of oil and gas development
on tundra wetlands habitats (07/88). Delayed due to extensive revision
and rewriting required for first draft.
Journal article on avoidance of placer mining effluents by fish (10/87)
Completed.
Project report on air dispersion modeling in the arctic, development/
validation phase (09/88). On schedule.
Project report on application of user manual techniques to Colville River
Delta (09/88). On schedule.
Findings:
Maps of historical changes in the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field show indirect
impacts to arctic tundra ecosystems can lag behind planned developments by
many years and the total area eventually disturbed can greatly exceed the
planned area of construction.
Publications:
Walker, D. A. et al_. 1987. Cumulative impacts of oil fields on northern
Alaskan landscape. Science 238:757-761.
Project Manager: James C. McCarty FTS 420-4601
81
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82
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198fi»88 PUBLICATIONS*
Environmental Research Laboratory CorvalHs
Abbruzzese, Brooke, Anastasia Allen, Sandra Henderson, Mary E. Kentula. 1987.
Selecting sites for comparison with related wetlands. IN Proceedings,
Symposium 87 Wetlands/Peatlands. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, August 23-27,
1987. EPA/600/D-87/337. PB 88 132 204/AS (A03). (ERL-Cor-837D).
Anderson, J. W., J. M. Neff.and P., D. Boehm. 1986. Sources, Fates, and
Effects of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1n the Alaskan Marine Environment with
Recommendations for Monitoring Strategies. EPA/600/3-86/018. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (J. McCarty, project
officer). PB 86 168 291/AS (All). (ERL-Cor-302).
Angermeier, Paul L. 1986. Assessing biotic integrity 1n the fish community of
a small Illinois stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management.
(D. Larsen, project officer). (ERL-Cor-717J).
Athey, L. A., J. M. Thomas, J. R. Skalski, and W. E. Miller. 1987. Role of
Acute Toxicity Bioassays in the Remedial Action Process at Hazardous Waste
Sites. User's Manual. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. EPA/600/
8-87/044. PB 88 125 430/AS (A06). (ERL-Cor-423).
Baker, Joan P., and Todd B. Harvey. 1986. Critique of Acid Lakes and Fish
Population Status in the Adirondack Region of New York State. EPA/600/
3-86/046. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (R.
Lackey, project officer). PB 86 238 318/AS (All). (ERL-Cor-343AP).
Biggs, R. H., and P. 6. Webb. 1987. Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B
radiation on yield, and disease Incidence and severity for wheat under
field conditions, pp. 303-311 IN Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar
Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life. R. C. Worrest and M. M. CaIdwell
(eds.). NATO ASI Series, Vol., G8. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
EPA-600/D-87-060. PB 87 176 905/AS (A02). (J. McCarty, project officer).
(ERL-Cor-745J).
Brakke, D. F., J. M. Eilers, and D. H. Landers. 1987. Hydrologlc and chemical
characteristics of darkwater, clearwater, and acidic lakes in the United
States. International Symposium on Acidification and Water Pathways,
Bolkesj, Norway. May 4-8, 1987. (ERL-Cor-733DAP).
CaIdwell, Martyn M. 1986. Plant architecture and resource competition. IN
Potentials and Limitations of Ecosystem Analysis. EPA/600/D-86/244.
Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (J. McCarty, project officer). PB 87 117 479/AS
(A03). (ERL-Cor-685D).
* Copies of journal articles and project summaries are available from this
Laboratory. Project reports must be purchased from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. Use the PB accession number
when ordering. The price code 1s Indicated as (A01, A02, etc.); contact NTIS
for the current price (telephone, 202/487-4600).
83
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Caldwell, M. M., L. B. Camp, C. W. Warner, and S. D. Flint. 1986. Action
spectra and their key role 1n assessing biological consequences of solar
UV-B radiation change. IN Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultra-
violet Radiation, and Plant Life. R. C. Worrest and M. M. Cal dwell
(eds.). Springer-Verlag. EPA/600/D-87/006. PB 87 147 138/AS (A03). (J.
McCarty, project officer). (ERL-Cor-639D).
Campbell, William G., Gary D. Bishop, M. Robblns Church, Jeffrey J. Lee, Ouane
A. Lammers, and Leon H. Liegel. 1987. The Environmental Protection
Agency's direct/delayed response project: the role of a geographic
information system. Geographic Information Systems and Workshop, October
1987. San Francisco. EPA/600/D-87/310. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. PB 88 119 425/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-804DAP).
Carey, Ann, Anthony C. Janteos, and Roger Blair. 1987. Responses of Forests
to Atmospheric Deposition. National Research Plan for the Forest Response
Program. EPA/600/3-86/066. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon. PB 87 140 919/AS (A06).
(ERL-Cor-376AP).
Carney, C. E., and F. deNoyelles, Jr. 1986. Grass carp as a potential control
agent for cattails. EPA/600/J-86/364. Transactions of the Kansas Academy
of Science 89 (3-4) 86-89, July-December"! (D. Larsen, project officer).
?B" 87 196 531 /AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-440J).
Chapman, G., M. Cairns, D. Krawczyk, K. Malueg, A. Nebeker, and G. Schuytema.
1986. Report on the toxicity and chemistry of sediments from Toronto and
Toledo harbors. IN Evaluation of Sediment Bioassessment Techniques.
Report of the Dredging Subcommittee to the Great Lakes Water Quality
Board, International Joint Commission, Windsor, Ontario. EPA/600/D-87/
061. PB 87 180 014/AS (A03). (ERL-Cor-473D).
Church, M. Robbins, and Robert S. Turner, eds. 1986. Factors Affecting the
Long-Term Response of Surface Waters to Acidic Deposition: State-of-the-
Science. EPA/600/3-86/025. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis. PB 86 178 118/AS (A14). (ERL-Cor-318AP).
Church, M. Robblns. 1987. Book review of Add Rain; A Water Resources Issue
for the 80's. R. Herrmann and A. I. Johnson, eds. American Water
Resources Association, Bethesda, MD. 83 pp. 1983. EPA/600/M-87/027.
Published in EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union 68 (15):209. PB
88 101 688/AS~TA~OTn (ERL-Cor-769m1sc .)
Dawson, Clyde L., and Ronald A. Hellenthal. 1986. A Computerized System for
the Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats Based on Environmental Requirements and
Pollution Tolerance Associations of Resident Organisms. EPA/600/3-86/019.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (D. Larsen,
project officer). PB 86 167 343/AS (A06). (ERL-Cor-323). (with project
summary).
Dewey, Sharon L. 1986. Effects of the herbicide atrazine on aquatic Insect
community structure and emergence 1n experimental ponds. Ecology 67 (1):
148-162, February. (D. Larsen, project officer). (ERL-Cor-438J).
84
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EHers, J. M., D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and W. S. Overton. 1987. Chem-
istry of wilderness lakes in the Western United States. IN Proceedings
World Wilderness Congress, September 14-18, 1987. Estes Park, Colorado.
EPA/600/D-87/338. PB 88 132 105/AS (A03). (ERL-Cor-838DAP).
Eilers, J. M., D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and R. A. Linthurst. Factors
contributing to differences in acid neutralizing capacity among lakes in
the Western United States. _[N 23rd Annual AWRA Conference and Symposium,
November 1-6, 1987, Salt Lake City, UT. EPA/600/D-87/309. (R. Lackey,
project officer). PB 88 112 156/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-802DAP).
Evans, L. S., K. F. Lewin, E. M. Owen, and K. A. Santucci. 1986. Comparison
of yields of several cultivars of field-grown soybeans exposed to simu-
lated acidic rainfalls. New Phytologist 102: 409-417, April. (J. Lee,
project officer). (ERL-Cor-6"71JAP).
Fernandez, I. J., and P. A. Kosian. 1987. Soil air carbon dioxide concentra-
tions in a New England spruce-fir forest. EPA-600/J-87/043. Soil Science
Society of America Journal 51: 261-263. (R. Lackey, project oTFTcerTT
PB 87 203 162/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-676JAP).
Flexner, J. L., B. Lighthart, and B. A. Croft. 1986. The effects of microbial
pesticides on non-target, beneficial arthropods. EPA/600/J-86/409.
Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Environment 16: 203-254, August. PB 88 113
212/AS (A04). (ERL-Cor-575J)".
Flint, S. D., and M. M. Caldwell. 1986. Comparative sensitivity of binucleate
and trinucleate pollen to ultraviolet radiation: A theoretical perspec-
tive. IN Stratospheric Ozone Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, and
Plant Life. R. C. Worrest and M. M. Caldwell (eds.). Springer-Verlag.
(J. McCarty, project officer), PB 87 147 120/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-694D).
Ford, D. E., K. W. Thornton, J. F. Nix, J. T. Malcom, and F. E. Payne. 1986.
Acidic Episodes and Surface Water Chemistry: A Comparison of Northeast
and Southeast Study Sites. October. EPA/600/3-87/018. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (M. Robbins, project
officer). (ERL-Cor-371AP).
Freda, Joseph, and William A. Dunson. 1986. The effect of prior exposure on
sodium uptake in tadpoles exposed to low pH water. EPA/600/J-86/368.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 156: 649-654, December. (R. Lackey,
project officer). PB 87 198 826/A5 (A02). (ERL-Cor-714JAP).
Gaston, L. A., R. S. Hansel1, and R. D. Rhue. 1986. Sulfate mobility in acid
soils and implications with respect to cation leaching: a review. IN
Proceedings of the 43rd annual meeting of the Soil Crop Science Society of
Florida, October 25-27, 1983. (R. Wilhour, project officer). EPA-600/
D-86/094. PB 86 194 230/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-628DAP).
Gile, Jay D., and S. Mark Meyers. 1986. Effect of adult mallard age on avian
reproductive tests. EPA/600/J-86/399. Archives of Environmental Contamin-
ation and Toxicology 15; 751-756, October^PTTS8 101 639/AS (A02).
7ERiTCor-587J).
85
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Greene, Joseph C., W. E. Miller, and Ellen Merwin. 1986. The effect of
secondary effluents on eutrophication in Las Vegas Bay, Lake Mead, Nevada.
EPA/600/J-86/406. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 29: 391-402, January.
PB 88 107 057/AS (A02TT (ERL-Cor-558JT.
Griffith, Glenn E., James M. Omernlk, and Andrew J. Kinney. 1986. Interpret-
ing patterns of lake alkalinity in the Upper Midwest Region, USA. Presen-
tation at Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint Source
Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. North American Lake Management Society
Symposium. November 5-8, 1986, Portland, Oregon. EPA/600/D-87/009. PB
87 145 769/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-698D).
Guderiah, Robert, and David T. Tingey. 1987. Study on the need and the
establishing of air quality criteria for nitrogen oxides. Institut fur
Angewandte Botanik der Universitat-GHS Essen, Germany. January 1987. 170
pp. (in German)
Haines, Terry A., Stanislas J. Pauwels, and Charles H. Jagoe. 1986. Predict-
ing and Evaluating the Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Water Chemistry
and Endemic Fish Populations in the Northeastern United States. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service Biological Report 80(40.23), Air Pollution and Acid
Rain Report No. 23. PB 86 188 703. (R. Lackey, project officer).
(ERL-Cor-349AP).
Heagle, Allen S., W. W. Heck, V. M. Lesser, J. 0. Rawlings, and F. L. Mowry.
1986. Injury and yield response of cotton to chronic doses of ozone and
sulfur dioxide. EPA/600/J-86/366. Journal of Environmental Quality 15
(4): 375-382, October-December. (D. Tingey, project officer). PB 87 196
085/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-507J).
Heagle, Allen S., W. W. Heck, V. M. Lesser, and J. 0. Rawlings. 1987. Effects
of daily ozone exposure duration and oncentration fluctuation on yield of
tobacco. Phytopathology 77 (6): 856-862. (D. Tingey, project officer).
(ERL-Cor-eTOJTT
Heck, Walter W., 0. C. Taylor, R. M. Adams, J. E. Miller, D. T. Tingey, and L.
H. Weinstein. 1986. National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) 1984
Annual Report. EPA/600/3-86/041. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon. (D. Tingey, project
officer). PB 86 232 949/AS (All). (ERL-Cor-352).
Heggestad, H. E., J. H. Bennett, and E. H. Lee. 1986. Effects of Increasing
doses of sulfur dioxide and ambient ozone on tomatoes: plant growth, leaf
injury, elemental composition, fruit yields, and quality. Phytopathology
76 (12): 1338-1344, December. (D. Tingey, project officer)"(ERL-Cor-
510J).
Heiskary, Steven A., and David P. Larsen. 1986. Analysis of regional lake
water quality patterns: Implications for resource management in Minnesota.
Proceedings Lake and Reservoir Management: Influences of Nonpoint Source
Pollutants and Acid Precipitation. North American Lake Management Society
Symposium, November 5-8, 1986, Portland, Oregon. EPA/600/D-87/010. PB 87
188 157/AS (A03). (ERL-Cor-699D).
86
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Herdendorf, Charles E. 1987. The Ecology of the Coastal Marshes of Western
Lake Erie: A Community Profile. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S.
Department of the Interior; Corps of Engineers, U.S. Department of the
Army; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. U.S.
FWS Biological Report 85(7.9). (E. Preston, EPA project officer; W.
Duffy, FWS project officer). PB 87 186 805/AS. (ERL-Cor-416).
Hodges, Steven C. 1987. Aluminum spedatlon: A comparison of five methods.
EPA/600/J-87/057. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51; 57-64.
(R. Wilhour, project~6TfTcer). PB 87 213 252/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-584JAP).
Hughes, Robert M., David P. Larseri, and James M. Omernlk. 1986. Regional
reference sites: A method for assessing stream potentials. EPA/600/J-86/
218. Environmental Management 10 (5):629-635. PB 87 170 767/AS (A02).
(ERL-Cor-477J).
James, Bruce R., and Susan J. Riha. 1986. pH buffering in forest soil organic
horizons: relevance to add precipitation. EPA/600/J-86/404. Journal of
Environmental Quality 15 (3): 229-234, July-September. (R. Wilhour,
project officer). PB 88 103 627/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-515JAP).
Kanciruk, P., J. M. Eilers, R. A. McCord, D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and
R. A. Llnthurst. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes 1n the Eastern United
States. Volume III. Data Compendium of Site Characteristics and Chemical
Variables. EPA/600/4-86/007c. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 439 pp. PB 87 110 409c. (ERL-Cor-337c). See Llnthurst
e£ al_. 1986 for Volume I and Overton et^ al_. 1986 for Volume II.
Karr, James R. 1986. Biological monitoring and environmental assessment: A
conceptual framework. Environmental Management. (D. Larsen, project
officer). (ERL-Cor-718J"7T
Kentula, Mary E. 1986. EPA adopts wetland research plan. EPA/600/M-87/016.
National Wetlands Research Newsletter 8 (4): 14-15. (E. Preston, project
officer).PB 87 187 076/AS (A02).TERL-Cor-657misc).
Kentula, Mary E. 1986. Wetland rehabilitation and creation 1n the Pacific
Northwest. Presentation to the Washington State Department of Ecology
Wetlands Conference on "Wetland Functions, Rehabilitation, and Creation in
the Pacific Northwest: The State of Our Understanding." Port Townsend,
Washington, April 30-May 2, 1986. EPA/600/D-86/183. (D. Larsen, project
officer). PB 86 241 023/AS (A03). (ERL-Cor-667D).
Kentula, Mary E. 1987. Does mitigation work? EPA's wetland research program
is checking. IN Proceedings of the Hillsborough Community College 14th
Annual Conference on Wetlands Restoration and Creation. May. Tampa, FL.
EPA/600/D-87/308. (E. Preston, project officer). PB 88 112 149/AS (A02).
(ERL-Cor-800D).
Kentula, Mary E. 1987. EPA Initiates wetland research in the Pacific North-
west. EPA/600/M-87/026. The Northwest Environmental Journal 3; 163-164,
March. PB 88 101 696/AS (7iOlf)T (ERL-Cor-768misc).
87
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Kettle, W. D., F. deNoyelles, Jr., 6. D. Heacock, and A. M. Kadoum. 1986.
Diet and reproductive success of bluegill recovered from experimental
ponds treated with atrazlne. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology. (D. Larsen, project officer!. (ERL-Cor-716J~n
Klester, A. Ross. 1987. Background for the synthesis and Integration of
forest response to atmospheric deposition. Presented at the California
Forest Response Program Planning Conference, Asllomar, CA, February 22-25.
(R. Blair, project officer). (ERL-Cor-775DAP).
Kiester, A. Ross. 1987. The role of models 1n the Forest Response Program.
IN Proceedings 1987 IUFRO Forest Growth Modeling and Prediction Confer-
ence, Minneapolis, Minnesota. August 24-28, 1987. EPA/600/D-87/334. PB
88 130 281/ AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-828DAP).
King, David A. 1987. A model for predicting the influence of moisture stress
on crop losses caused by ozone. EPA/600/J-87/077. Ecological Modelling
35: 29-44, January. (D. Tingey, project officer). PB 88 102 9837ES
(A02). (ERL-Cor-467J).
Klein, Theodore M., and Martin Alexander. 1986. Effect of the quantity and
duration of application of simulated acid precipitation on nitrogen
mineralization and nitrification 1n a forest soil. EPA/600/J-86/370.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 28: 309-318, April. (R. Wllhour, project
oTTTcerTT PlTTfr 198 8427 AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-736JAP).
Kress, L. W., J. E. Miller, H. J. Smith, and J. 0. Rawlings. 1986. Impact of
ozone and sulphur dioxide on soybean yield. EPA/600/J-86/157. Environ-
mental Pollution (Series A) 41: 105-123. PB 87 118 519/AS (A02). (D.
Tingey, project officer). (ERL-Cor-512J).
Larsen, David P., Frank DeNoyelles, Jr., Frank Stay, and Tamotsu Shiroyama.
1986. Comparisons of single species, microcosm, and experimental pond
responses to atrazine exposure. EPA/600/J-86/050. Envi ronmental Toxi col -
ogy and Chemistry 5: 179-190, February. PB 86 199 379/AS (A02). (ERL-
Larsen, David P., Robert M. Hughes, James M. Omernik, Daniel R. Dudley,
Christina H. Rohm, Thomas R. Whittier, Andrew J. Kinney, and Alisa L.
Gallant. 1986. The correspondence between spatial patterns in fish
assemblages in Ohio streams and aquatic ecoregions. EPA/600/J-86/365.
Envi ronmental Management 10 (6): 815-828, December. (D. Larsen, project
officer). PB 87 196 077/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-480J).
Lee, Jeffrey J. 1985. Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on the chemistry
of a sul fate-adsorbing forest soil. EPA-600/J-85-105. Water, Air, and
Soil Pollution 25; 185-193. PB 85 244 259/AS (A02). (EKL^Cor-3~04J).
Lefohn, Allen S., W. E. Hogsett, and David T. Tingey. 1986. A method for
developing ozone exposures that mimic ambient conditions in agricultural
areas. EPA/600/J-86/046. Atmospheric Environment 20 (2): 361-366,
February. PB 86 195 948/AS (AOZ). (ERL-Cor-451J).
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Levin, Morris A., Ramon Seldler, Al W. Borquln, John R. Fowle III, and Tamar
Barkay. 1987. EPA developing methods to assess environmental release.
Biotechnology 5: 38-45, January.
Link, S. 0., R. J. Fellows, D. A. Cataldo, J. D. Droppo, and P. Van Voris.
1987. Estimation of an Aerial Deposition and Foliar Uptake of Xeno-
blotlcs: Assessment of Current Models. Deprtment of Energy, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories. PNL-6173. EPA/300/3-87/050. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (J. Me Farlane, project officer).
(ERL-Cor-439).
Linthurst, R. A., D. H. Landers, J. M. Ellers, D. F. Brakke, W. S. Overton, E.
P. Meier, and R. E. Crowe. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes 1n the Eastern
United States. Volume I. Population Descriptions and Physlco-Chemical
Relationships. EPA/600/4-86/007a. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 136 pp. PB 87 110 383a. (ERL-Cor-337a).
Overton, W. S., P. Kandruk, L. A. Hook, J. M. Ellers, D. H. Landers, D.
F. Brakke, D. J. BUck, Jr., R. A. Linthurst, M. D. DeHaan, and J. M.
Omernik. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes 1n the Eastern United
States. Volume II. Lakes Sampled and Descriptive Statistics for
Physical and Chemical Variables. EPA/600/4-86/007b. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 374 pp. PB 87 110 391b.
(ERL-Cor-337b).
Kandruk, P., J. M. Ellers, R. A. McCord, D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and
R. A. Linthurst. 1986. Characteristics of Lakes 1n the Eastern
United States. Volume III. Data Compendium of Site Characteristics
and Chemical Variables. EPA/600/4-86/007c. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 439 pp. PB 87 110 409c.
(ERL-Cor-337c).
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake Survey, Phase I (ELS-I), 1984
(SAS Data Tape). PB 87 193 298 (T03). EPA/DF/MT-87/024; EPA/600/
4-86/007g. (ERL-Cor-387g).
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake Survey, Phase I (ELS-I), 1984
(SAS Export Data Tape). PB 87 193 306 (T03). EPA/DF/MT-87/023;
EPA/600/4-86/007d. (ERL«Cor-387d).
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake Survey, Phase I (ELS-I), 1984
(EBCDIC Tape). PB 87 193 314 (T03). EPA/DF/MT-87/025; EPA/600/4-86/
007f. (ERL-Cor-387f).
National Surface Water Survey:: Eastern Lake Survey, Phase I (ELS-I), 1984
(ASCII Tape). PB 87 193 322 (T03). EPA/DF/MT-87/026; EPA/600/4-86/
007c. (ERL-Cor-387c).
National Surface Water Survey:: Eastern Lake Survey, Phase I (ELS-I), 1984
(for microcomputers). PB 87 193 330 (D05). EPA/DF/DK-87/029;
EPA/600/4-86/0071. (ERL-Cor-3871).
89
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Malueg, K. W., G. S. Schuytema, and D. F. Krawczyk. 1986. Effects of sample
storage on a copper-spiked freshwater sediment. EPA/600/J-86/276.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5: 245-253, April. PB 87 166
815/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-432J ) .
Mansell, R. S., S. A. Bloom, H. M. Sellm, and R. D. Rhue. 1986. Mult1spec1es
cation leaching during continuous displacement of electrolyte solutions
through soil columns. EPA/600/J-86/369. Geoderma 38: 61-75, November.
(R. Mil hour, project officer). PB 87 198 834 /AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-735JAP).
Me Farlane, Craig, and Thomas Pfleeger. 1986. Plant Exposure Laboratory and
Chambers. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
EPA/600/3-86/007a,b. Volume I. PB 86 155 777/AS (A03); Volume II
(Appendices 1-6), PB 86 155 785/AS (A13). (ERL-Cor-301a,b).
Meyers, S. Mark, and Jay D. Gile. 1986. Mallard reproductive testing in a
pond environment: a preliminary study. EPA/600/J-86/400. Archives of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 15 : 757-761 , December. P~B 58"
101 621/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-600jy:
Meyers, S. Mark, and Susan M. Schiller. 1986. TERRE-TOX: A data base for
effects of anthropogenic substances on terrestrial animals. EPA/600/J-86/
051. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences 26; 33-36,
February. PB 35" 199 361/AS (A02). (EKL~^Cor-506J).
Meyers, S. M., and S. M. Schiller. 1986. TERRE-TOX Terrestrial Toxicity Data
Base. EPA/600/M-86/008. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis,
Oregon. (H. Kibby, project officer). PB 86 178 043/AS (T03). (ERL-Cor-
327). Two magnetic tapes. No project report or summary.
Moser, Thomas J., David T. Tin gey, and Kent D. Rodecap. 1986. Direct and
residual effects of cadmium on the growth and elemental composition of
Arabidopsis thai 1 ana. Angewandte Botanik 60: 391-405.
Murali, N. S., and Alan S. Teramura. 1986. Effects of supplemental ultra-
viol et-B radiation on the growth and physiology of field-grown soybean.
EPA/ 600/0-86/378. Environmental and Experimental Botany 26(3) : 233-242.
PB 87 212 866/AS (KWT. (J. McCarty, project officer). (ERL-Cor-574J).
Murphy, Thomas A. 1987. Design and management of research projects. Proceed
ings of U.S./Malayasian Seminar on R & D Management. EPA/600/D-87/263.
PB 88 106 380/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-721D).
Nebeker, Alan V., Carol Savonen, and Donald G. Stevens. 1985. Sensitivity of
rainbow trout early life stages to nickel chloride. EPA-600/J-85-016.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 4: 233-239. PB 85 198 372/AS
(A02).
Nebeker, Alan V., Samuel T. Onjukka, Michael A. Cairns, Daniel F. Krawczyk.
1986. Survival of Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca In cadmium-spiked
water and sediment. Environmental Toxicology "and Chemistry 5: 933-938,
October. (ERL-Cor-58"lJT
90
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Nebeker, A. V., M. A. Cairns, S. T. Onjukka, and R. H. Titus. 1986. Effect of
age on sensitivity of Daphnia magna to cadmium, copper, and cyanazine.
EPA/600/J-86/131. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5; 527-530,
June. PB 87 100 590/AS (AOZ). (ERL-Cor-468J77
Nebeker, A. V., A. Stlnchfield, C. Savonen, and G. Chapman. 1986. Effects of
copper, nickel , and zinc on three species of Oregon freshwater snails.
EPA/600/ J-86/407. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5; 807-811, May.
PB 88 107 198/ AS (A07TI (ERL-Cor-569J).
Neuhauser, E. F., P. F. Durkin, M. R. Malecki, and M. Anatra. 1986. Compara-
tive toxidty of ten organic chemicals to four earthworm species.
EPA/600/J-86/397. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 83C (1): 197-
200. PB 88 107 1157 AS (A02). (C. Callahan, project officer). (ERL-Cor-
550J).
Neuhauser, E. F., R. C. Loehr, and Michael R. Malecki. 1986. Contact and
artificial soil tests using earthworms to evaluate the Impact of wastes in
soil. pp. 192-203 IN Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing:
Fourth Symposium. ASTM STP 886. J. K. Petros, Jr., W. J. Lacy, and R.
A. Conway, Eds. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
EPA/600/D-84/298S. (C. Callahan, project officer). PB 86 195 237/AS
(A02). (ERL-Cor-426D).
Newell, Avis D. 1987. Predicting spring lake chemistry from fall samples.
EPA/600/D-87/265. Proceedings of the International Conference CM Acid
Rain, 1-3 September 1987, LisFon. ~P~B~ 88 106 356/AS (AOZ). fiERL-Cor-
77TD~AP).
Olson, Richard, project manager. 1987. Western Conifers Research Cooperative.
1987 Research Plan. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
PB 87 227 641 AS (A05). (ERL-Cor-408AP).
Olszyk, David M., and David T. Tin gey. 1986. Joint action of 03 and SO? in
modifying plant gas exchange. EPA/600/J-86/394. Plant Physiology 82;
401-405. PB 88 104 278/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-625J).
Omernik, James. 1987. Ecoregions of the conterminous United States. Anna! s
of the Association of American Geographers 77 (1): 118-125, March.
Omernik, James M. 1987. Ecoregions of the Northeast States. Map. EPA/600/
D-87/313. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
(ERL-Cor-794M).
Omernik, James M. 1987. Ecoregions of the Southeast States. Map. EPA/600/
D-87/314. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon.
(ERL-Cor-796M).
91
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Omernlk, James M., and Glenn E. Griffith. 1986. Total Alkalinity of Surface
Waters: A Map of the Upper Midwest Region. Map and text. EPA-600/D-85-
043. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CorvalUs, Oregon. (ERL-Cor-
2690). Not 1n NTIS. Also published 1n Envl ronmental Management 10 (6):
829-839, 1986.
Omernlk, James M., and Glenn E. Griffith. 1986. Total alkalinity of surface
waters: a map of the western region. EPA/600/ J-86/410. Journal of Soil
and Water Conservation 41 (6): 374-378, November-December. PB 88 104
~~ -Cor-639J ) .
Omernlk, James M., and AUsa L. Gallant. 1986. Ecoregions of the Pacific
Northwest. EPA/ 600/3-86/033. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory, CorvalUs, Oregon, w/map. (ERL-Cor-
341).
Omernlk, James M., and AUsa M. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the South
Central States. Map. EPA/600/D-87/315. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (ERL-Cor-792M).
Omernlk, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the Southwest
States. Map. EPA/600/D-87/317. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
CorvalUs, Oregon. (ERL-Cor-795M).
Omernlk, James M., and AUsa M. Gallant. 1987. Ecoregions of the West Central
States. Map. EPA/600/D-87/317. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, Oregon. (ERL-Cor-793M).
Overton, W. S., P. Kanciruk, L. A. Hook, J. M. Eilers, D. H. Landers, D. F.
Brakke, D. J. Blick, Jr., R. A. Linthurst, M. D. DeHaan, and J. M. Omernlk,
1986. Characteristics of Lakes 1n the Eastern United States. Volume II.
Lakes Sampled and Descriptive Statistics for Physical and Chemical
Variables. EPA/600/4-86/007b. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C. 374 pp. PB 87 110 391b. (ERL-Cor-337b). See Linthurst
et al_. 1986 for Volume I and Kanciruk £t al_. 1986 for Volume III.
Peterson, S. A., J. C. Greene, W. E. Miller, and D. C. Wilborn. 1987. Bio-
activity differences of water and sodium acetate eluate from municipal and
industrial wastes. Third Annual EPA Solid Waste Testing and Quality
Assurance Symposium, July 13-17. (ERL-Cor-777D). Not in NTIS.
Peterson, Spencer A. 1986. Sediment removal. Chapter 8 IN Lake and Reservoir
Restoration. (G. D. Cooke, E. B. Welch, S. A. Peterson, and P. R.
Newroth). Butterworth Publishers, Stoneham, Massachusetts. EPA/600/
D-84/207. PB 84 236 397/AS (A08). (ERL-Cor-167D) .
Quinn, S. 0., and N. Bloomfield, eds. 1986. Acidic Deposition, Trace Contami-
nants, and Their Indirect Human Health Effects: Research Needs. Proceed-
ings of a Workshop held at Topridge Conference Center, Paul Smith's, New
York, June 19-22, 1984. EPA/600/9-86/002. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (R. Lackey, project officer). PB 86 177
581/AS (A05). (ERL-Cor-276AP).
92
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Ratsch, Hllman C., and Debra Johndro. 1986. Growth Inhibition and morpholog-
ical effects by several chemicals 1n Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
EPA/600/J-86/129. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5: 55-60,
January. PB 87 100 707/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-3~4TJ"n
Reed, Margaret A., and Richard J. Stolzberg. 1987. Direct determination of
arsenlte by differential pulse polarography 1n the presence of lead(II)
and thallium(I). Analytical Chemistry 59 (3). (J. McCarty, project
officer). (ERL-Cor-780J).
Riitters, Kurt H. Process models for monitoring forest health, l^ Proceedings
of the IUFRO Forest Growth Modeling and Prediction Conference, Minneapolis,
MN, August 24-28, 1987. EPA/600/D-87/307. (Roger Blair, project officer).
PB 88 113 675/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-797DAP).
Robberecht, R., and M. M. Caldwell. 1986. Leaf UV optical properties of Rumex
patlentia L. and Rumex obtusifollus L. 1n regard to a protective mechanism
against solar UV-B radiation Injury. IN Stratospheric Ozone Reduction,
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, and Plant Life. R. W. Worrest and M. M.
Caldwell (eds.). Sprlnger-Verlag. EPA/600/D-87/008. PB 87 147 112/AS
(A02). (J. McCarty, project officer). (ERL-Cor-695D).
Rochelle, Barry P., and Parker J. Wigington, Jr. 1986. Surface runoff from
southeastern Oklahoma forested watersheds. Proceedings of the Oklahoma
Academy of Science 66: 7-13.
Rochelle, Barry P., M. Robbins Church, and Mark B. David. 1987. Sulfur
retention at intensively studied sites in the U.S. and Canada. Water,
Air, and Soil Pollution 33: 73-83. March. (ERL-Cor-636JAP).
Rodecap, Kent D., and David T. Tlngey. 1986. Ozone-induced ethylene release
from leaf surfaces. EPA/600/J-86/398. Plant Science 44; 73-76, March.
PB 88 107 107/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-420J).
Sanville, William D., H. Peter Eilers, Theodore R. Boss, and Thomas G.
Pfleeger. 1986. Environmental gradients in northwest freshwater wet-
lands. EPA/600/J-86/413. Environmental Management 10 (1); 125-134.
PB 88 123 948/AS (A03). (EllL-Cor-397J).
Shirazi, M. A., S. A. Peterson, L. Lowrie, and J. W. Hart. 1986. Computer-
based land classification for management of hazardous waste. EPA/600/
J-86/405. Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 3 (1): 77-100, March.
PB 88 104 195/AS (A027;rE~RL-Cor-557J).
Siddens, Lisbeth K., Wayne K. Seim, Lawrence R. Curtis, and Gary A. Chapman.
1986. Comparison of continuous and episodic exposure to acidic, aluminum-
contaminated waters of brook trout. EPA/600/J-86/393. Canadian Journal
of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43 (10): 2036-2040. (C. Powers, project
officer). P~B~58~ 104 286/AT (A02). (ERL-Cor-632JAP).
93
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S1gal, Lorene L., and J. William Johnston, Jr. 1986. Effects of acidic rain
and ozone on nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis 1n the lichen Lobaria
pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. EPA/600/J-86/395. Environmental and Experimental
Botany 26~(1); 59-64, January-March. (R. Wilhour, project officer).
PB 88 104 294/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-629JAP).
Sigal, Lorene L., and J. William Johnston, Jr. 1986. Effects of simulated
acidic rain on one species each of Pseudoparmella, Usnea, and Umb1licar1a.
EPA/600/J-86/396. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 27: 315-322, February.
(R. Wilhour, projecFoTTicerT. ~TB~SSTO? 099/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-630JAP).
Skelly, John M. et al., eds. 1987. Diagnosing Injury to Eastern Forest Trees.
National AcTd~ Precipitation Assessment Program, Forest Response Program,
Vegetation Survey Research Cooperative. Published under a cooperative
agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, and
Pennsylvania State University, College of Agriculture, University Park.
(R. Blair, project officer). (ERL-Cor-435AP). Not submitted to NTIS.
Taylor, G. E., Jr., D. T. Tingey, and C. A. Gunderson. 1986. Photosynthesis,
carbon allocation, and growth of sulfur dioxide ecotypes of Geranium
carolinianum L. Oecologia (Berlin) 68: 350-357. (ERL-Cor-555J).
Temple, Patrick. 1986. Stomatal conductance and transpirational responses of
field grown cotton to ozone. EPA/600/J-86/132. Plant, Cell, and Environ-
ment 9 (4): 315-321, June. (D. Tingey, project officer)"FB 87 100
5U87AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-476J).
Tample, Patrick J., 0. Clifton Taylor, and Larry F. Benolt. 1986. Yield
response of head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to ozone. EPA/600/J-86/011.
Environmental and Experimental Botany 26 (1): 53-58, January-March. (D.
Tingey, project officer). PTT86 176 773/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-471J).
Teramura, Alan H., and N. S. Murall. 1986. Intraspeclfic differences 1n
growth and yield of soybean exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation under
greenhouse and field conditions. EPA/600/J-86/374. Environmental and
Experimental Botany 26 (1): 89-95. (J. McCarty, project officer). PB 87
203 139/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-564JAP).
Thomas, J. M., J. R. Skalskl, J. F. Cline, M. C. McShane, W. E. Miller, S. A.
Peterson, C. A. Callahan, and J. C. Greene. 1986. Characterization of
Chemical Waste Site Contamination and Its Extent Using Bioassays. EPA/
600/J-86/130. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5; 487-510, June.
(D. Tingey, project officer). PB 87 100 582/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-463J).
Thomson, B. E., and R. C. Worrest. 1986. Microcomputer control of an estu-
arine research mesocosm facility. EPA/600/J-86/408. Journal of Micro-
computer Applications 9: 167-177, July. (J. McCarty, project officer).
PB 88 104 229 (A02). (ERL-Cor-571J).
94
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Tlngey, David T. 1986. Effects of nitrogen oxides on vegetation. IN Study on
the Need and the Establishing of Air Quality Criteria for Nitrogen Oxides.
R. Guderian and D. Tingey, eds. Institute fur Angewandte Botanik der
Universitat-GHS Essen, Germany. EPA-600/D-85-265. PB 86 119 542/AS
(A03). (ERL-Cor-549D).
Tingey, David D. 1986. The impact of ozone on agriculture and Us conse-
quences. pp. 53-63 IN Acidification and Its Policy Implications. T.
Schneider, ed. Elsevier Science Publishers b.V., Amsterdam. December.
EPA/600/D-86/105. PB 87 175 055/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-640D).
Tingey, David T., Thomas J. Moser,, and Kent D. Rodecap. 1986. Direct and
residual effects of cadmium on the growth and elemental composition of
Arabidopsis thaliana. Angewandte Botanik 60: 391-405, July. (ERL-Cor-
656J).
Tingey, David T., Thomas J. Moser,, Dave F. Zirkle, and Michael D. Snow. 1987.
A plant cultural system for monitoring evapotranspi ration and physiolog-
ical responses under field conditions. EPA/600/D-87/264. Proceedings,
International Conference Measurement of Soil and PI ant Water Status, July
6-10, 1987. Logan, UT. PB 88 106 3497A"5~f7iO?Tr ~
Tingey, David T., Kent D. Rodecap, Henry Lee, Thomas J. Moser, and William E.
Hogsett. 1986. Ozone alters the concentrations of nutrients in bean
tissue. Angewandte Botanik 60; 481-493, December. (ERL-Cor-692J).
Walter, M., A. Porteous, R. Seidler. 1987. Measuring genetic stability in
bacteria of potential use in genetic engineering. Applied and Environ-
mental Microbiology 53 (1): 105-109, January. (ERL-Cor-650J~T7
Welner, G. S., C. B. Schrech, and H. W. LI. 1986. Effects of low pH on
reproduction of rainbow trout. EPA/600/J-86/112. Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society 115; 75-82. (R. Lackey, project officerTT" PB
86 230 117/AS (A02)~ TERL-Cor-655JAP) .
Westall, John, Bruce Brown a well, Ronald Hilburn, and Gerald Schuytema. 1987.
The design of laboratory systems for controlling the activity of moder-
ately volatile organic compounds. A design manual. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. EPA/600/3-87/030. PB 87 231 759/AS
(A04). (S. Peterson, project officer). (ERL-Cor-428).
Whittier, Thomas R., and David P. Larsen. 1987. The Ohio Stream Regionaliza-
tion Project: A Compendium of Results. EPA/600/3-87/025. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. (ERL-Cor-412).
Whittier, Thomas R., and David L. Miller. 1986. Stream fish communities
revisited: A case of mistaken identity. EPA/600/J-86/367. American
Naturalist 128 (3): 433-437,, September. (D. Larsen, project officer). PB
87 198 818/AS (A02). (ERL-Cor-559J).
95
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Wigington, Parker 0., Jr., Clifford W. Randall, and Thomas GHzzard. 1986.
Accumulation of selected trace metals 1n soils of urban runoff swale
drains. Water Resources Bulletin, American Water Resources Association 22
(1), February. (ERL-Cor-683J).
Worrest, Robert C., and Martyn M. Caldwell, eds. 1986. Stratospheric Ozone
Reduction, Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, and Plant Life. Proceedings of a
Workshop held 1n Bad Windshelm, Federal Republic of Germany, September
27-30, 1983. (To be published by Sprlnger-Verlag 1n cooperation with NATO
Scientific Affairs Division). (ERL-Cor-312).
Worrest, R. C. 1986. Ecological and nonhuman biological effects of solar UV-B
radiation, pp. 165-191 IN Effects of Changes in Stratospheric Ozone and
Global Climate, Volume I: Overview. James G. Titus, ed. U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency and United Nations Environment Programme.
(ERL-Cor-703D). Not sent to NTIS.
Zedler, Joy B., and Mary E. Kentula. 1986. Wetlands Research Plan. EPA/6007
3-86/009. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, CorvalUs, Oregon. (H.
Kibby, project officer). PB 86 158 656/AS (A06). (ERL-Cor-313).
Zedlar, Paul H. 1987. The Ecology of Southern California Vernal Pools: A
Community Profile. U.S. Fish and Widlife Service Report 85(7.11).
EPA/600/3-87/036. PB 87 215 497/AS. (E. Preston, project officer).
(ERL-Cor-426).
Ziminski, Peter K., and Steven R. Holman. 1987. Automated data acquisition
and control system bolsters EPA's air pollution research. EPA/600/M-87/
010. Design and Manufacturing pp. 12-15, March. PB 87 180 030/AS (A02).
(ERL-Cor-689JTT
Zoran, Mark J., Thomas J. Heppner, and Charles D. Drewes. 1986. Teratpgenic
effects of the fungicide benomyl on posterior segmental regeneration 1n
the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. EPA/600/J-86/411. Pesticide Science 17;
641-652, November7! fC~. Callahan, project officer). PB 88 104 310/AS
(A02). (ERL-Cor-758J).
«.S. Environmental Protect
library, Roo, 2404
401 M *,..!
Washington.
:.:>: I \lv)
96
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