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EPA-600/9-77-004
March 1977
CAPABILITIES OF THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
by
Stuart C. Black and Geneva S. Douglas
Office of the Director
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY
LAS VEGAS, NEVADA 89114
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, and approved for publication. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
ii
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FOREWORD
Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory
actions which are based on sound technical and scientific infor-
mation. This information must include the quantitative descrip-
tion and linking of pollutant sources, transport mechanisms,
interactions, and resulting effects on man and his environment.
Because of the complexities involved, assessment of specific pol-
lutants in the environment requires a total systems approach
which transcends the media of air, water, and land. The Environ-
mental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas contributes to
the formation and enhancement of a sound integrated monitoring
data base through multidisciplinary, multimedia programs designed
to:
• develop and optimize systems and strategies
for monitoring pollutants and their impact
on the environment
• demonstrate new monitoring systems and tech-
nologies by applying them to fulfill special
monitoring needs of the Agency's operating
programs
This report describes the present capabilities of the Las
Vegas Laboratory, the kinds of activities through which these
capabilities were developed, and the resources applied to their
development. An indexed table is provided so that potential
users of the Laboratory's services, primarily the Regional and
Program Offices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, can
readily determine the types of technical support available. Also
included is a resume of existing programs which will indicate the
capabilities being developed by the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas.
/7
Georgfe B( Morgan
Acting Director
Environmental Monitoring and Support
Laboratory—Las Vegas
111
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
PRESENT CAPABILITIES
INDEX TO CAPABILITIES
DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
FURTHER INFORMATION
REFERENCES
Page
iii
1
3
5
16
20
22
Number
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
TABLES
Names and resources of the Las Vegas
Laboratory
Source and primary application of funds
Index to capabilities by medium
Index to capabilities by pollutant
Capabilities of the Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas
Projects indicative of developing
capabilities
Page
2
2
5
6
11
16
Number
1.
FIGURE
Organization of the Environmental Moni-
toring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas
Page
20
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INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Mon-
itoring and Support Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, has been
involved in research, monitoring, and technical support to other
Federal groups and State government agencies since 1959. Until
1970, it was a part of the Public Health Service in the U.S. De-
partment of Health, Education, and Welfare and was engaged in
environmental radiation programs. When the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency came into being on December 2, 1970, the Las Vegas
Laboratory became a part of that new Agency.
Since that time, the Laboratory's focus, capabilities, and
programs have broadened in scope. Its resources have increased
by almost a factor of 5, and the new funds have been applied
almost exclusively to research, demonstration, and technical
support projects which expanded the Laboratory's capability for
accurate monitoring and measurement of pollutants and assessment
of their impact on the environment.
Changes in the Laboratory over the past 6 years have been
accompanied by three changes in its name which reflect the shift
in focus and the broadened scope of its scientific and technical
programs. These name changes and the Laboratory's resources are
listed in Table 1 by Fiscal Year. The abbreviations listed with
the names aid in identifying technical reports issued under the
various designations, e. g. , SWRHL-90r, NERC-LV-539-1, etc. In-
Table 2, the sources of funds and their primary applications are
shown, again by Fiscal Year.
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TABLE 1. NAMES AND RESOURCES OF THE LAS VEGAS LABORATORY
FY
Laboratory Name
Positions Funds
Perm, Other (jig)
1970 Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory (SWRHL)
until May 21, 1971
1971 Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL)
1972 Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL)
until July 17, 1972
1973 National Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas
(NERC-LV)
1974 National Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas
(NERC-LV)
1975 National Environmental Research Center-Las Vegas
(NERC-LV) - until June 29, 1975
1976 Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-
Las Vegas (EMSL-LV) — to the present
178 10 2,475
226 14 3,357
215 28 3,670
198 64 5,280
237 77 6,990
229 90 10,950
214 102 12,390
TABLE 2. SOURCE AND PRIMARY APPLICATION OF FUNDS
FY
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Category
Research
Monitoringt
Research
Monitoringt
Research
Monitoringt
Research
Monitoringt
Research
Monitoringt
Research
Monitoringt
EPA Funds
Radiation
Projects
263
240
507
256
528
283
699
329
649
305
314
369
($K)
Other
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
0
565
0
520
543
,418
,450
,286
,675
,677
,682
,656
ERDA
Funds
Radiation
Projects
1,
1,
2,
1,
1,
2,
460
829
400
987
415
086
603
575
491
809
664
082
($K)
Other
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Other Funds*
Radiation
Projects
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
0 1
204 1
0 1
450 1
($K)
Other
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,130
,010
,153
,022
Total
Funds
($K)
2
2
1
3
2
4
4
6
4
7
723
,634
907
,763
,490
,790
,750
,240
,945
,005
,810
,580
*Mostly energy funds.
tMonitoring includes technical support.
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PRESENT CAPABILITIES
The resources listed in Tables 1 and 2 were used in applied
research and monitoring studies performed in house or under con-
tract to achieve designated Agency goals. The greatest increases
in resources were for projects other than radiation research and
monitoring, which received only moderate increases from the 1970
levels. Thus, although the capability for radiation-related
activities has been maintained, the major development of new
capabilities has been in other research and monitoring areas.
The types of studies performed during the past 6 years are
grouped below into seven basic categories. These indicate the
kinds of research, monitoring, and technical support capabilities
which now exist at the Las Vegas Laboratory.
LARGE ANIMAL STUDIES:
Food-chain transport of materials in dairy and beef animals;
Uptake and tissue concentration;
Cronic exposure effects;
Artificial rumen studies of solubility;
Milk secretion of substances.
SMALL ANIMAL STUDIES:
Particle studies in lung;
Metabolism studies (distribution and excretion);
Chronic exposure studies;
Tissue distribution studies.
VEGETATION STUDIES:
Metabolism and uptake in natural vegetation and economic
crops;
Acute and chronic effects;
Food-chain transport;
Soil-to-plant transfer;
Foliar and root uptake with environmental chamber, glasshouse,
and farm plot studies.
SOIL STUDIES:
Soil chemistry;
Classification of soils;
Microbiology.
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MONITORING STUDIES:
Optimized monitoring systems;
Biological monitoring techniques;
Integrated monitoring systems design;
Aerial remote monitoring;
Surveys of domestic and wild animals for pollutant burdens;
Environmental radiation surveillance;
Measurement of baseline radionuclide burdens in people
living near the Nevada Test Site;
Air systems design; new monitoring techniques; particle
characterization; specialized remote and in situ techniques;
Water systems design; new monitoring techniques; water
quality monitoring for surface and ground water; eutrophica-
tion assessment; specialized remote and in situ techniques;
long-term hydrologic monitoring for radionuclide contamina-
tion;
Land photographic and satellite multispectral scanner
assessments.
ANALYTICAL STUDIES:
Methodology and instrumentation for analyzing radioactive
and stable materials in any medium;
Adaptation of advanced techniques to routine laboratory and
field use.
QUALITY ASSURANCE (Principally for radionuclide measurements):
Production of reference materials;
Laboratory performance evaluations;
Certification procedures;
Collaborative tests;
Standardized method and reference method development.
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INDEX TO CAPABILITIES
To aid the user of the Las Vegas Laboratory's services, a
set of indices is provided in Tables 3 and 4. These tables, which
list capabilities by environmental medium and by pollutant, are
related to Table 5 by specific key numbers. This table provides
a brief tabulation of the capabilities and it references scien-
tific and technical reports that describe the studies through
which the capabilities have been developed and demonstrated,
either in house or by contract. A unique capability is remote
and contact monitoring via instrumented aircraft which provides
quick response and wide-area coverage.
TABLE 3. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY MEDIUM
Medium Capability
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Air
Contact monitoring
Network design
Remote monitoring
airport sources 4
analytical methods 18
by aircraft 2, 7
calibrated gases 9
criteria pollutants 2, 4, 7
geothermal 49
model validation, site specific 6
oxidant transport 2
radiation quality assurance 47
radionuclides 9, 10, 11
radon from mill tailings 39
network evaluation 5
oxidant and carbon monoxide 1
trace elements 38
laser 3, 6, 7
opacity 8
photographic 9
Water Contact monitoring
disposal wells 22
eutrophication studies 45
geothermal 49
groundwater techniques 15
radionuclides 11, 18
radium in public water supply 19
reference methods 17
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TABLE 3. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY MEDIUM - Continued
Medium Capability
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Water Contact monitoring STORE! data analysis 13
(cont'd.) surface water problems and techniques 14, 20
Network design
evaluation of networks 5
groundwater 12
surface water 14
Remote monitoring multispectral scanner 21
oil spills 16
water-body size 21
Other Biological
monitoring
Integrated
monitoring
Remote sensing
analytical methods 18
for metals 38
organophosphates 36
poisonous plants survey 50
radionuclides 11, 37, 43
theory and applications 38
oil spills, land and water 16
vegetation damage 16
Pollutant
TABLE 4. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY POLLUTANT
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Stable Pollutants;
Aerosols
Cadmium
Carbon monoxide
Criteria
Hydrocarbons
generating and assessing, synthetic 43
in boundary layer 7
area balance 38
body burden 38
monitoring 38
monitoring network design 1
monitoring network evaluation, air and water 5
airport as source 4
soil and vegetation 4
Hydrogen sulfide
geothermal effluents 49
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TABLE 4. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY POLLUTANT - Continued
Pollutant
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Lead
Mercury
Nitrate
Nitrogen oxide
Oil
Opacity
Organics
Organophosphate
Oxidant
Ozone
Particulates
Pesticide
Phosphates
Sand
Sulfur oxides
Trace elements
balance in Los Angeles 38
body burden 38
monitoring 38
area balance 38
body burden 38
in man 37
methyl, from plants and soil 44
monitoring 38
control by rubble chimney 20
eutrophication by 45
in lakes 45
reports by State 45
airport as source 4
detection in vegetation 16
remote monitoring of spills 16
photographic measurement 8
poisonous plants 50
biological monitoring 36
formation and transport 2
laser sensing 3
monitoring network design 1
(see oxidant)
in boundary layer 7
lidar detection 7
organophosphate biological monitoring 36
eutrophication by 45
in lakes 45
reports by State 45
in ruminant gastrointestinal tract 35
laser monitoring 6
analytical methods 18
groundwater network design 12
oil shale, coal and mineral sources 15
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TABLE 4. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY POLLUTANT - Continued
Pollutant
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Trace elements
(cont'd.)
Waste disposal
problems and techniques 14
rapid analysis, STORET data 13
monitoring disposal wells 22
Radioactive Pollutants;
Alpha emitters
Americium
Argon
Beryllium
Beta emitters
Cesium
Curium
Gamma emitters
Hydrogen
Iodine
Krypton
Lead
Mercury
Plutonium
reference method, water 17
bibliography 40
in chicken, egg 23
in mammals, cattle 28, 30
in milk 30
in plants 40
in rumen 26
in soil 40
monitoring in air 9
in cow and milk 30
reference method, water 17
analysis 18
in goat and milk 30
effects 28, 31
fission products in hamster lung 31
in cattle, sheep, deer 28
(see tritium)
deposition and retention in plants 43
in cow feed 29
in rumen 26
milk secretion 30
prediction model 33
monitoring in air 9
in cattle 30
in milk 30
in cow and milk 30
retention, excretion in human 37
airborne 10
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TABLE 4. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY POLLUTANT - Continued
Pollutant
Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Plutonium (cont'd.)
Polonium
Radionuclides
Radium
Radon
Rubidium
Ruthenium
Strontium
Tellurium
Thallium
Tritium
bibliography 24
implant in rodent lung 31
in cattle, sheep, deer 28, 30, 51
in chicken, egg 23
in fungi 25
in milk 30
particle characteristics 10
effects 32
in tobacco 32
analysis 18
concentration factors 34
monitoring 11
quality assurance 47
in public water supplies 19
reference method, water 17
from geothermal sources 49
in buildings 39
mill tailings 39
in cow tissue 30
milk secretion 30
bibliography 40
in plants and soil 40
in cattle 28, 51
in sheep and deer 28
reference method, water 17
cow tissue 30
milk secretion 30
cow tissue 30
milk secretion 30
bibliography 40
effects 42
in cattle 28, 30
in chicken, egg 23
in fish, rabbit 27
in man 37
in plants 41
milk secretion 30
reference material 48
reference method, water 17
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f
TABLE 4. INDEX TO CAPABILITIES BY POLLUTANT - Continued
Pollutant Applications (Key numbers refer to Table 5)
Tungsten cow tissue 30
milk secretion 30
Uranium airborne particles 10
in cattle 28, 51
10
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TABLE 5. CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
Key
1
2
3
4
Type of Pollutant Type of Study
CO, oxidant
Oxidant
Ozone
NOX, hydro-
carbons
Monitoring network
design
Formation,
transport
Laser sensing
Airport
contribution
Sources of Pollutant Subjects or Media Studied References
Transportation
Urban area
Transportation
Aircraft
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Atmosphere, soil
vegetation
1, 2
3, 4, 5, 6
7
8
10
11
12
Criteria pol-
lutants
SO,,
Particulates
Opacity
Noble gases
Plutonium,
uranium
Radionuclides
Trace elements,
compounds
Evaluation of
networks
Industry
Remote and contact Smelters, utilities
monitoring, model
validation
Lidar detection
Photographic
measure
Monitoring,
analysis
Urban areas
Stack plumes
Nuclear facilities
Particle charac- Nuclear facilities
teristics
Environmental mon- Nuclear tests and
itoring, bioassay facilities
Monitoring network Landfill, wells
design
Air, water
Atmosphere
Boundary layer
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Atmosphere
Air, water, milk,
food, soil
Groundwater
9, 32
10, 132,
133
11, 12, 13,
14
15
16, 17, 18,
19
20 thru 27
28 thru 33
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TABLE 5. CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
Continued
Key
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Type of Pollutant
Trace elements,
compounds
Elements,
compounds
Elements,
compounds
Oil
Strontium, rad-
ium, tritium
alpha, beta,
plutonium
Radionuclides ,
stable elements
Radium
Nitrates
Phytoplankton
Industrial
Type of Study
Rapid data
analysis
Problems and
techniques
Monitoring
techniques
Remote monitoring
Reference methods
development
Analytical methods
development
Amount in public
water supply
Control method
Monitoring by
LANDSAT
Monitoring dis-
Sources of Pollutant
Miscellaneous
(STORET data)
Non-point sources
Oil shale, coal,
mineral extraction
and processing
Spills
Nuclear reactions
Nuclear reactions
Natural sources
Irrigation return
flow
Nutrients in lakes
Industry
Subjects or Media Studied References
Water 34
Surface water 35, 36
Groundwater 37, 38
Water, land, vegetation 39, 40, 41
Water, soil 42 thru 46
Water, air, biota, soil 47,50,95
Water 51
Surface water 52
Lakes 53
Groundwater 54
wastes
posal wells
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TABLE 5. CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
Continued
Key
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Type of Pollutant
Americium, plu-
tonium, tritium
Plutonium
Plutonium
Plutonium, amer-
icium, iodine
Tritium
Radioactive
fallout
Iodine
Uranium, pluton-
ium, americium,
Type of Study
Tissue distribu-
tion, egg concen-
tration
Literature review
Solubility by
microorganisms
Solubility in
rumen contents
Tissue concen-
tration
Tissue distribu-
tion, effects
Effect of feed on
milk secretion
Tissue distribu-
tion, milk
Sources of Pollutant
Intravenous injection
Nuclear industry
Contaminated soil
Solutions, particles
Feed and water
Pasture, range
Alfalfa, Sudan grass
Oral and intravenous
admin i s t ra t ion ,
Subjects or Media Studied
Chicken, eggs
Biological systems
Microbiota
Artificial rumen
Fish, rabbit
Cattle, sheep, deer
Dairy cow
Dairy cow, goat
References
55, 56, 57
58
59
60, 61
62, 63
64 thru 69
70
71 thru 84,
134
31
tungsten, thai- secretion
lium, rubidium,
tellurium, trit-
ium, iodine, lead,
mercury, beryllium,
iron, curium
Fission products, Dose and effect
plutonium relationship
feed
Single particle
implanted in
lung
Hamster
85, 86
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TABLE 5. CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Continued
AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
Key Type of Pollutant Type of Study
Sources of Pollutant Subjects or Media Studied References
32 Polonium
33 Radioiodine
34 Radionuclides
35 Sand
36 Organophosphate
37 Mercury,
tritium
38 Lead, cadmium,
mercury
39 Mill tailings
40 Americium,
ruthenium,
tritium
41 Tritium
42 Tritium
43 Iodine,
tritium
Lung cancer
Prediction model
Literature review
Retention by
grain size
Biological
detection
Retention,
excretion
Area balance,
body burden,
monitoring system
Human hazard
Literature review
Organic labelling
Chromosome effect
Deposition,
retention,
and literature
review
Tobacco smoke
Nuclear tests
Nuclear industry
Oral dosing
Pesticides
Atmosphere
Industry,
transportation
Uranium mills
Nuclear industry
Water, atmosphere
Water
Aerosols, gas,
solution
Rat 87, 88
Human child 89
Concentration factors 90
Dairy cow 91
Livestock, wildlife 92
Man 93, 94
Man 95 thru 99
Construction materials 100
Soil and plants 101 thru
103
Alfalfa, lettuce 104, 105
Soybean leaf 106
Alfalfa, Sudan grass, 107 thru
miscellaneous 111
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TABLE 5. CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
Continued
Key
44
45
46
47
48
49
Type of Pollutant
Mercury
Nitrate,
phosphate
Industrial
wastes
Radionuclides
Tritium
Hydrogen
sulfide, radon
Type of Study
Conversion to
organic form
Lake eutrophica-
tion
Remote sensing
of effect
Quality assurance
Standard
reference
materials
Sampling of
effluents
Sources of Pollutant
Inorganic solution
Point and non-point
sources
Industry
Fallout , nuclear
facilities
Nuclear reactors
*
Geothermal sources
Subjects or Media Studied
Pea, tobacco, soil
Phy t op lankt on
Land and land use
Radiation monitoring
Alfalfa
Various
References
112 thru
115
116 thru
119
120
121 thru
126
127
128, 129
50 Organic
compounds
51 Plutonium,
uranium
Survey of
poisonous plants
Uptake in range
cattle
Plant biochemistry Nevada Test Site
Nuclear safety tests Cattle
130
131
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DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
Projects currently in progress, as of January 1977, at the
Las Vegas Laboratory reflect the capabilities under development
or being improved. These projects are listed in -Table 6 by med-
ium and pollutant.
Some of this work is being performed under contract; other
work is being conducted in house. Some of the current projects
are relatively new, but most are extensions of previous projects
and are designed to confirm, extend, or improve tentative results
of previous work. In many instances, the methodology under study
may be applied to difficult or peculiar technical support situa-
tions to test the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of new
methodology.
TABLE 6. PROJECTS INDICATIVE OF DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
Medium
Pollutant
Purpose of Study
Air
Baseline levels
Baseline levels
Carbon monoxide,
oxidant
Criteria pollutants
Nitrogen oxides,
carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbons
Opacity
Particulates
Plutonium
Measure baseline air concentrations in
proposed energy development areas
Determine vertical distributions of pollu-
tants to validate regional-scale models
Develop guidelines for optimization of air
monitoring networks and field test the
guides
Helicopter use for downwind and vertical
distribution of pollutants in urban areas
Assess effect of aircraft operations on air
quality; validate models
Compare photographic with trained-observer
estimates of stack plume opacity
Develop two-wavelength lidar system .for
remote measurement of particulates;
develop laser transmisometer for quanti-
fying visibility degradation
Detection of possible resuspension of
plutonium from contaminated areas
16
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TABLE 6. PROJECTS INDICATIVE OF DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
Continued
Medium
Pollutant
Purpose of Study
Air Sulfur and nitrogen
(cont'd.) oxides, ozone
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide,
ozone
Sulfur, nitrogen,
and carbon oxides
Sulfur oxides,
carbon monoxide,
ozone
Water Algae
Algae
Algae
Algae, nutrients
Coliform bacteria,
other water-quality
parameters
Harbor-related
pollutants
Hazardous materials
Leachate from
landfills
Non-point sources
Non-regulated
pollutants
Dual monitoring system to validate dis-
persion models
Develop laser system for remote monitoring
Develop differential absorption system for
remote monitoring
Develop passive infrared sensor for remote
monitoring
Check calibration of State and local air
monitoring stations
Develop laser fluorosensor to detect chlor-
ophyll and dye dispersions for remote
monitoring of trophic condition
Evaluate LANDSAT multispectral techniques
for estimating trophic state of inland
lakes
Identify phytoplankton in 747 National Eu-
trophication Survey lake samples to the
species level and do differential counts
In-depth analysis of National Eutrophica-
tion Survey data for relationship of lake
biological response to water-quality data
Develop automated in situ sensor/sampler
package for small boat or aircraft
deployment
Develop photographic imagery keys for
typical harbor pollution problems
Develop a procedures manual for use by
hazardous-spill response teams; develop a
helicopter-borne system for assessment of
river sediments
Develop photographic imagery keys for
detection and analysis
Develop photographic imagery keys for iden-
tification and analysis in agriculture,
silviculture, and industry-related
problems
Identify pollutants of near-term interest,
evaluate monitoring techniques, correct
deficiencies
17
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TABLE 6. PROJECTS INDICATIVE OF DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
Continued
Medium
Pollutant
Purpose of Study
Water Oil-shale residues
(cont'd.)
Organics
Pesticides,
nutrients
Pesticides,
nutrients
Physical, chemical,
biological
Turbidity
Water-quality
parameters
Water-quality
parameters
Water-quality
parameters
Water-quality
parameters
Water-quality
parameters
Soil Energy-related
pollutants
Mercury
Biological Aircraft-related
systems pollutants
Carcinogens
Carcinogens
Describe and validate optimal water moni-
toring techniques for assessing impact of
oil-shale development,
Correlate laser-excited fluoresence with
total organic carbon in surface water
Determine general water-quality baseline
data for the Atchafalaya Basin
Determine net nutrient production and ex-
port in the Atchafalaya Basin
Assess present status of the San Juan Basin
prior to energy facility development
Develop multispectral techniques for remote
monitoring of sediment in water
Compile an atlas of water monitoring net-
works in western energy development areas
Assess the quality and adequacy of water
data in river basins and aquifers of the
western energy development areas
Evaluate required sampling frequency to ac-
curately determine short-term trends in
water quality
Validate published methodology for monitor-
ing changes in groundwater quality
Develop and validate groundwater monitoring
strategies in strip-mined and oil-shale
areas
Develop overhead monitoring to assess im-
pact of new energy developments on land
use, surface water, and vegetation
Determine the kinetics and pathways of
methylmercury formation in various soils
Measure the impact of airport operations on
local plants and soils
Develop model relating exposure monitoring
to individual or average dose for carcino-
gens
Establish optimum system for identification
and quantification of sources, to evaluate
pathways and transformations, and to
18
-------
TABLE 6. PROJECTS INDICATIVE OF DEVELOPING CAPABILITIES
Continued
Medium
Pollutant
Purpose of Study
Carcinogens
(cont'd.)
Carcinogens
Geothermal effluents
Lead, cadmium
Mercury
Neptunium, pluton-
ium, americium,
curium
Plutonium oxide,
neptunium
Radionuclides
Sulfur and nitrogen
oxides, ozone
Sulfur dioxide
Trace elements
Trace metals
Various
develop other data requirements for inte-
grated monitoring
Develop methods for retrospective estima-
tion of human exposure
Develop monitoring strategy for impact of
geothermal development on local ecology
Develop relatively rapid bioassay systems
for measuring exposure to lead and cadmium
Determine chemical forms and pathways of
mercury in economic plants, for both
foliar and root uptake
Test solubility in artificial rumen as an
estimator of in vivo uptake
Measure uptake, transfer to milk, and
tissue distribution in dairy cattle
Sample wildlife and cattle on and around
the Nevada Test Site to measure trends in
tissue concentration
Develop laser fluorosensing techniques for
measuring vegetation stress
Develop photographic imagery keys for iden-
tifying vegetation stress
Identify and validate biological monitoring
systems for measuring lead and cadmium
exposure
Design an integrated monitoring system
which correlates all exposure routes
Determine applicability of the Fraunhofer
Line Discriminator as a detector of
vegetation stress
19
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FURTHER INFORMATION
Further information on specific projects or capabilities of
the Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory-Las Vegas is
available from the Laboratory Director and from the Directors of
the Laboratory's Divisions and Staff Offices. These persons may
be reached at the address and telephone number shown in Figure 1.
DIRECTOR
DEPUTY-DIRECTOR
INFORMATION
SERVICES STAFF
MONITORING SYSTEMS
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
STAFF
MONITORING SYSTEMS
RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
BRANCHES:
METHODS DEVELOPMENT
ANO ANALYTICAL SUPPORT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
POLLUTANT PATHWAYS
EXPOSURE/DOSE ASSESSMENT
FARM AND ANIMAL
INVESTIGATION
MONITORING
OPERATIONS
DIVISION
OFFICE OF PROGRAM
MANAGEMENT AND
SUPPORT
BRANCHES:
GENERAL SERVICES
COMPUTER SERVICES
FACILITIES AND
ENGINEERING SERVICES
HEALTH ANO SAFE
STAFF
BRANCHES:
WATER AND LAND QUALITY
AIR QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
REMOTE SENSING
DIVISION
BRANCHES:
REMOTE SENSING OPERATIONS
REMOTE MONITORING
METHODS
ENVIRONMENTAL
PHOTOGRAPHIC
INTERPRETATION COMPLEX
Figure 1. Organization of the Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory-Las Vegas, located at 944 E. Harmon Avenue
(Mailing address: P. 0. Box 15027, Las Vegas, NV 89114; tele-
phone: 702-736-2969, FTS 595-2969)
20
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Arrangements for technical support within available resources
may be made with the Laboratory Director or the Director of the
appropriate Division. State and local agencies should contact the
Office of Research and Development (ORD) Representative at the EPA
Regional Office which serves their State to request appropriate
technical support from the Las Vegas Laboratory. Their addresses
are listed below.
Some of the references listed in this report are available
from the authors. Many may be ordered in microfiche or hard copy
from the National Technical Information Service in Springfield,
Virginia, and others will be found in the periodical literature.
The Las Vegas Laboratory's library or its Information Services
Staff can assist in locating a particular document or determining
its current availability.
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPRESENTATIVES
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region I
J. F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region II
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10007
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region III
Sixth and Walnut Streets
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19106
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region IV
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region V
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, Illinois 60604
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region VI
1201 Elm Street
Dallas, Texas 75270
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region VII
1735 Baltimore
Kansas City, Missouri 64108
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region VIII
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region IX
100 California Street
San Francisco, California 94111
ORD Representative
U.S. EPA, Region X
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, Washington 98101
21
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10. Osberg, T. R. , R. A. Lewis, and J. E. Taylor. A remote sens-
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14. Eckert, J. A., J. L. McElroy, D. H. Bundy, J. L. Guagliardo,
and S. H. Melfi. Airborne lidar RAPS studies, February 1974.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-028. Jun. 1976.
15. Dockter,M. R. Photographic measurement of stack plume opacity.
Memorandum report. Sep. 1976.
16. Johns, F. B. Portable apparatus for the analysis of radio-
krypton and xenon. Proceedings - Noble Gases Symposium, Las
Vegas, NV. EPA-600/9-76-026. Sep. 1973.
17. Andrews, V. E., and D. T. Wruble. Noble gas surveillance net-
work. Proceedings - Noble Gases Symposium, Las Vegas, NV.
EPA-600/9-76-026. Sep. 1973.
18. Shuping, R. E., C. R. Phillips, and A. A. Moghissi. Krypton-85
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samples. Radiol. Health Data Rep. 11:671. 1970.
19. Bretthauer, E. W., A. J. Cummings, and S. C. Black. Charac-
terization of emissions from plutonium-uranium oxide fuel
fabrication, (in preparation - 1977).
20. Bretthauer, E. W., L. J. Holder, P. N. Lem, A. S. Goldman,
G. C. Allison, and A. A. Moghissi. Radioactive decay correc-
tion factors. NERC-LV. EPA-R4-73-008, Jan. 1973.
21. Technical Support Section, Environmental Surveillance Program.
Results of sampling natural gas wells in the vicinity of Pro-
ject Gasbuggy. NERC-LV-539-9, Feb. 1973.
22. Environmental Surveillance Program. Selected census informa-
tion around the Nevada Test Site. NERC-LV-539-8. Feb. 1973.
23
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f
23. Moghissi, A. A., and M. G. Mayes. Radiobioassay program of
the institutional total diet sampling network: II. Selected
physiological constants of urine. Radiat. Data Rep. 14:225-
232. Apr. 1973.
24 Moghissi, A. A., and M. G. Mayes. Radiobioassay program of
the institutional total diet sampling netowrk: III. Cesium-137
dose estimates and body burdens of children. Radiat. Data
Rep. 14:233-236. Apr. 1973.
25. Moghissi, A. A., E. W. Bretthauer, and E. H. Compton. Separ-
ation of water from biological and environmental samples for
tritium analysis. Anal. Chem. 45:1565. Jul. 1973.
26. McBride, J. R., and D. T. Wruble. Environmental radiological
surveillance around United States nuclear explosives testing
sites. Proceedings - Environmental Surveillance Around Nuc-
lear Installations, Vol. II. IAEA, Vienna, Austria. 1974.
pp. 307-326.
27. Leavitt, V. D. Soil surveys of five plutonium contaminated
areas on the Test Range Complex in Nevada. NERC-LV-539-28.
Mar. 1974.
28. Hampton, N. F. Monitoring groundwater quality: Data manage-
ment. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-019. Apr. 1976.
29. Everett, L. G., K. D. Schmidt, R. M. Tinlin, and D. K. Todd.
Monitoring groundwater quality: Methods and costs. EMSL-LV.
EPA-600/4-76-023. Jul. 1976.
30. Todd, D. K., R. M. Tinlin, K. D. Schmidt, and L. G. Everett.
Monitoring groundwater quality: Monitoring methodology.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600-4-76-026. Jun. 1976.
31. Tinlin, R. M., ed. Monitoring groundwater quality: Illustra-
tive examples. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4/76-036. Jul. 1976.
32. Shnider, R. W., and E. S. Shapiro. Procedures for evaluating
operations of water monitoring networks. EMSL-LV.
EPA-600/4-76-050. Sep. 1976.
33. Crouch, R. L., R. D. Eckert, and D. D. Rugg. Monitoring
groundwater quality: Economic framework and principles.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-045. Sep. 1976.
34. Bliss, J. D., M. J. Friedland, and J. Hodson. Format for
acquiring rapid data analysis capabilities of STORET data:
Manipulation of National Eutrophication Survey water quality
data. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-057. Nov. 1976.
35. Monitoring Applications Laboratory. Nonpoint-source pollu-
tion in surface waters: Associated problems and investigative
24
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techniques. NERC-LV: EPA-680/4-75-004. Jun. 1975.
36. Allison, G. C. Development of thermal contour mapping.
Automatic Data Processing Workshop, Gulf Breeze, FL. Nov. 1975.
37. Karubian, J. F. Polluted groundwater: Estimating the effects
of man's activities. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-74-002. Jul. 1974.
38. Warner, D. L. Rationale and methodology for monitoring ground-
water polluted by mining activities. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-74-003.
Jul. 1974.
39. Jones, D. R., R. W. Landers, and A. E. Pressman. Aerial remote
sensing applications in support of oil spill cleanup, control
and prevention. Proceedings - International Conference on
Environmental Sensing and Assessment, Las Vegas, NV. Sep. 1975.
40. Sandness, G. A., J. F. Washburn, and S. B. Ailes. Study of
detection, identification, and quantification techniques for
spills and hazardous chemicals. U.S. Coast Guard. Oct. 1976.
41. McFarlane, J. C., and R. W. Watson. Fluorescent detection and
mapping of oil on marsh vegetation. 1977 Oil Spill Conference
(Prevention, Behavior, Control, Cleanup), New Orleans, LA.
Mar. 1977.
42. Technical Support Laboratory. Tentative reference method for
the measurement of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivities
in environmental waters. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-75-005. Jun. 1975.
43. Bretthauer, E. W., and P. B. Hahn. Development of a reference
method for the measurement of plutonium in soil. Proceedings -
International Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment,
Las Vegas, NV. Sep. 1975.
44. Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division. Tenta-
tive reference method for measurement of tritium in environ-
mental waters. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-75-013. Dec. 1975.
45. Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division. Meas-
urement of total radium and radium-226 in environmental waters:
A tentative reference method. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-012.
Mar. 1976.
46. Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division. Meas-
urement of strontium-89 and strontium-90 in environmental
waters: A tentative reference method. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-
76-011. Mar 1976.
47. Talvitie, N. A. Electrodeposition of actinides for alpha
spectrometric determination. Anal. Chem. 44:280-283. Feb. 1974.
25
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48. Earth, J., and B. H. Bruckner. Simplified atomic absorption
determination of stable strontium in milk and hay: A compari-
son of methods and stepwise procedure. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-
73-002. Feb. 1974.
49. Bretthauer, E. W., A. A. Moghissi, S. S. Snyder, and N. F.
Matthews. Determination of submicrogram amounts of mercury
by the oxygen bomb combustion method. Anal. Chem. 46:445-446
Mar. 1974.
50. Johns, F. B., ed. Handbook of radiochemical analytical methods
(with errata). NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-75-001. Feb. 1975.
51. Snelling, R. N. , and R. E. Jaquish. Radium-226 in selected
public water supplies: A comparative study. WERL. SWRHL-77.
Jun. 1975.
52. Evans, R. B., and P. Kruger. Use of a rubble chimney for
denitrification of irrigation-return waters. Technical report
No. SU-CE-PA31-1. Stanford University, CA. Nov. 1969.
53. Boland, D. H. P- Trophic classification of lakes using
LANDSAT-1 (ERTS-1) multispectral scanner data. Environmental
Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. EPA-600/3-76-037. 1976.
54. Warner, D. L. Monitoring disposal-well systems. NERC-LV.
EPA-680/4-75-008. Jul. 1975.
55. Mullen, A. A., S. R. Lloyd, and R. E. Mosley. Distribution
of ingested transuranium nuclides in chickens and subsequent
transport to eggs. International Symposium on Transuranium
Nuclides in the Environment, San Francisco, CA. Nov. 1975.
56. Mullen, A. A., S. R. Lloyd, and R. E. Mosley. Distribution
of ingested americium in chickens and transport to eggs.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-058. May 1976.
57. Mullen, A. A., A. A. Moghissi, R. E. Stanley, and S. R. Lloyd.
Biological half-life of tritium in chickens and eggs. Health
Phys. 30:310. 1976
58. Mullen, A. A., and R. E. Mosley. Availability, uptake and
translocation of plutonium within biological systems: A
review of the significant literature. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-
76-043. Apr. 1976.
59. Au, F. H. F., V. D. Leavitt, and W. F. Beckert. Possible
influence of desert soil microbial changes on plutonium
transport. Plutonium Information Meeting, Nevada Applied
Ecology Group, Las Vegas, NV. May 1975.
60. Earth, J., E. L. Whittaker, and D. S. Barth. The behavior of
26
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iodine-131 in an artificial rumen and in the simulated fluids
of abomasum and intestine. NERC-LV-539-32. May 1974.
61. Earth, J. Seasonal effects on the solubility in in vivo
bovine gastrointestinal fluids of plutonium ingested by graz-
ing cattle. Plutonium Information Meeting, Nevada Applied
Ecology Group, Las Vegas, NV. May 1975.
62. Patzer, R. G., A. A. Moghissi, and D. N. McNelis. Accumula-
tion of tritium in various species of fish reared in tritiated
water. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-74-001. Jan. 1974.
63. Moghissi, A. A., R. E. Stanley, J. C. McFarlane, E. W. Brett-
hauer, R. G. Patzer, and S. R. Lloyd. Biological concentra-
tion of tritium. Fifth International Congress of Radiation
Research, Seattle, WA. Jul. 1974.
64. Smith, T. M., A. L. Lesperance, V. R. Bohman, R. A. Brechbill,
and K. W. Brown. Intake and digestibility of forages grazed
by cattle on a Southern Nevada range. Proceedings - Western
Section, Amer. Soc. Animal Sci. 19:277. 1968.
65. Smith, D. D., and K. R. Giles. Report of bioenvironmental
sampling at the Gnome site, Carlsbad, New Mexico - October
1972. NERC-LV-539-25. Nov. 1973.
66. Smith, D. D., and S. C. Black. Actinide concentrations in
tissues from cattle grazing near the Rocky Flats Plant (with
errata). NERC-LV-539-36. Feb. 1975.
67. Smith, D. D., S. C. Black, K. R. Giles, and A. A. Moghissi.
Report of Animal Investigation Program activities for the
Baneberry event. NERC-LV-539-10. Nov. 1975.
68. Smith, D. D., K. R. Giles, and D. E. Bernhardt. Animal
Investigation Program - 1972 annual report. EMSL-LV.
NERC-LV-539-35. Apr. 1976.
69. Brown, K. W., D. D. Smith, D. E. Bernhardt, K. R. Giles, and
J. B. Helvie. Food habits and radionuclide tissue concentra-
tions of Nevada Desert Bighorn Sheep 1972-1973. EMSL-LV-539-6.
Jun. 1976.
70. Black, S. C., R. E. Stanley, and D. S. Earth. 131I levels in
cows' milk following ingestion of contaminated alfalfa or
Sudan grass. EMSL-LV-539-1. Aug. 1975.
71. Stanley, R. E., A. L. Mullen, and E. W. Bretthauer. Transfer
to milk of ingested radiolead. Health Phys. 21:211. 1971.
72. Mullen, A. L., R. E. Stanley, S. R. Lloyd, and A. A. Moghissi.
RadioberyIlium metabolism by the dairy cow. Health Phys. 22:17
1972.
27
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73. Bretthauer, E. W., A. L. Mullen, and A. A. Moghissi. Milk
transfer comparisons of different chemical forms of radio-
iodine. Health Phys. 22:257. 1972.
74. Black, S. C., D. N. McNelis, andE. W. Bretthauer. Radio-
nuclide studies in dairy cows following Project Schooner
WERL. SWRHL-112r. Jan. 1972.
75. Mullen, A. L. , R. E. Stanley, and A. A. Moghissi. Absorption,
distribution and milk secretion of radionuclides by the dairy
cow: II. Radiorubidium. Health Phys. 24:417-422. Apr. 1973.
76. Smith, D. D. Status of the Environmental Protection Agency's
Nevada Test Site experimental dairy herd - January 1, 1969 —
December 31, 1970. NERC-LV-539-22. Jun. 1973.
77. Mullen, A. A., and R. E. Stanley. Absorption, distribution,
and milk secretion of radionuclides by the dairy cow: III.
Radiotellurium. Health Phys. 27:279-284. Sep. 1974.
78. Mullen, A. L., R. E. Stanley, S. R. Lloyd, and A. A. Moghissi.
Absorption, distribution and milk secretion of radionuclides
by the dairy cow: IV. Inorganic radiomercury. Health Phys.
28:685-6.91. Jun. 1975.
79. Sutton, W. W., A. A. Mullen, S. R. Lloyd, and R. E. Mosley.
Biological transfer of plutonium via in vivo labeled goat's
milk. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-025. Mar. 1976.
80. Black, S. C., R. L. Douglas, and D. S. Barth. Gaseous radio-
iodine transport in the air-forage-cow-milk system. EMSL-LV-
539-2. Apr. 1976.
81. Mullen, A. A. , E. W. Bretthauer, and R. E. Stanley. Absorption,
distribution, and milk secretion of radionuclides by the dairy
cow: V. Radiotungsten. Health Phys. 31:417-424. 1976.
82. Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter.
Biological transport of curium-243 in lactating dairy goats.
Proceedings - Plutonium Information Conference, Nevada Applied
Ecology Group, Las Vegas, NV. Feb. 1976. (in press - 1976)
83. Mullen, A. A., R. E. Stanley, and A. A. Moghissi. Absorption,
distribution, and milk secretion of radionuclides by the dairy
cow: VI. Radioiron. Health Phys. (in preparation - 1976)
84. Mullen, A. L. , E. W. Bretthauer, and R. E. Stanley. Absorp-
tion, distribution, and milk secretion of radionuclides by
the dairy cow: VII. Radiothallium. Health Phys. (in prep-
aration - 1976)
85. Stanley, R. E., and S. R. Lloyd. A technique for implanting
28
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a radioactive particle in a rodent lung. Lab. Anim. Sci.
22:424. Jun. 1972.
86. Stanley, R. E., and A. A. Mullen. Pulmonary effects of rad-
ioactive particles. (in preparation - 1976)
87. Black, S. C., and E. W. Bretthauer. Polonium-210 in tobacco.
Radiol. Health Data Rep. 9:145. 1968.
88. Black, S. C., and E. W. Bretthauer. Synergistic effect of
polonium-210 and cigarette smoke in rats. NERC-LV. EPA-
680/1-75-001. Jun. 1975.
89. Black, S. C., and D. S. Earth. Radioiodine prediction model
for nuclear tests. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-027. Jun. 1976.
90. Patzer, R. G. Concentration factors and transport models for
radionuclides in aquatic environments: A literature report.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-054. May 1976.
91. Potter, G. D., R. G. Patzer, and W. W. Sutton. Passage of
sand particles through the gastrointestinal tract of dairy
cows. Plutonium Information Meeting, Nevada Applied Ecology
Group, Las Vegas, NV. May 1975.
92. Sutton, W. W., and L. L. Salomon. Development of a biological
monitoring network - A test case. NERC-LV. EPA-680/4-75-003.
Jun. 1975.
93. Brown, K. W., J. C. McFarlane, and D. E. Bernhardt. Accidental
inhalation of mercury-203. Health Phys. 28:1-4. Jan. 1975.
94. Moghissi, A. A., R. Lieberman, and M. W. Carter. Long-term
evaluation of the biological half-life of tritium. Health
Phys. 21:59. 1971.
95. Hodgeson, J. A., S. S. Snyder, and E. W. Bretthauer. Evalu-
ation of the isotope-Zeeman atomic absorption mercury detector.
Symposium on Trace Detection and Analysis, Washington, DC.
Apr. 1975.
96. Lambou, V. W. Problem of mercury emissions into the environ-
ment of the United States. Report to Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development. Jan. 1972.
97. Schuck, E. A., and G. B. Morgan. Design of pollutant oriented
integrated monitoring systems. Proceedings - International
Conference on Environmental Sensing and Assessment, Las Vegas,
NV. Sep. 1975.
98. Jenkins, D. W. Toxic metals in human and other mammalian hair,
nails, claws, and hoofs. Memorandum report. Feb. 1976.
29
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99. Jenkins, D. W. Design of pollutant-oriented integrated
monitoring systems, a test case: Environmental lead EMSL-LV
EPA-600/4-76-018. Apr. 1976.
100. Duncan, D. L. , and G. A. Boysen. Environmental implications
of the application of uranium mill tailings in construction
materials. Proceedings - Noble Gases Symposium, Las Vegas,
NV. EPA-600/9-76-026. Sep. 1973.
101. Brown, K. W. Americium - Its behavior in soil and plant
systems. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-005. Jan. 1976.
102. Brown, K. W. Ruthenium: Its behavior in soil and plant
systems. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-019. Feb. 1976.
103. McFarlane, J. C., W. F. Beckert, and K. W. Brown. Tritium
in plants and soil. EMSL-LV EPA-600/3-76-052. May 1976.
104. McFarlane, J. C. Tritium fractionation in plants. NERC-LV.
EPA-680/4-75-006. Jun. 1975.
105. McFarlane, J. C. Tritium accumulation in lettuce fumigated
with elemental tritium. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-006. Jan.
1976.
106. Vig, B. K., and J. C. McFarlane. Somatic crossing over in
Glycine Max L. (Merrill): Sensitivity to and saturation of
the system to low levels of tritium emitted beta radiation.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 46:331-337. 1975.
107. McFarlane, J. C., and B. J. Mason. Plant radioiodine rela-
tionships: A review. SWRHL-90r. Jul. 1970.
108. McNelis, D. N., S. C. Black, andE. L. Whittaker. Radio-
iodine field studies with synthetic aerosols. SWRHL-103r.
Feb. 1971.
109. Mason, B. J., H. W. Hop, and C. L. Miller. Transfer of trit-
ium from methane to vegetation. Tritium. Messenger Graphics.
Las Vegas, NV. May 1973. pp. 455-461.
110. Brown, K. W., and J. C. McFarlane. Deposition and retention
of iodine-131 on Grayia spinosa following the Baneberry event.
Health Phys. 24:680-682. Jun. 1973.
111. Mason, B. J., K. W. Brown, H. W. Hop, and J. C. McFarlane.
Retention of elemental and particulate radioiodine on alfalfa.
NERC-LV-539-33. Jul. 1974.
112 McFarlane, J. C. , and W. L. Berry. Cation penetration through
isolated leaf cuticles. Plant Physiol. 53:723-727. 1974.
30
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113. Rogers, R. D. Methylation of mercury in a terrestrial
environment. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-75-014. Oct. 1975.
114. Gay, D. D. Methylmercury: Formation in plant tissues.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-049. May 1976.
115. Gay, D. D. Biotransformation and chemical form of mercury
in plants. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/3-76-082. Jul. 1976.
116. Williams, L. R. Heteroinhibition as a factor in Anabaena
flos-aqua waterbloom production. Proceedings - Biostimula-
tion-nutrient Assessment Workshop. EPA-660/3-75-034. 1975
pp. 275-317.
117. Mullins, J. W., R. N. Snelling, D. D. Moden, and R. G. Seals.
National Eutrophication Survey: Data acquisition and labora-
tory analysis system for lake samples (with errata) . EMSL-LV.
EPA-600/4-75-015. Nov. 1975.
118. Lambou, V. W., L. R. Williams, S. C. Hern, R. W. Thomas,
and J. D. Bliss. Prediction of phytoplankton productivity
in lakes. Proceedings - Conference on Environmental Model-
ing and Simulation. EPA-600/9-76-016. Jul. 1976. pp. 696-700.
119. EPA National Eutrophication' Survey Working Paper Series.
(Lake reports on trophic state have been published in this
series for lakes surveyed in the following States: AL, CT,
DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MS, NC, ND,
NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, VA, VT, WV, WI.)
1974-1976.
120. Howard, G. E. , andC. A. Waters. Remote sensing applications
in the inventory and analysis of environmental problems.
Earth Resource Symposium. Houston, TX. Jun. 1975.
121. Jarvis, A. N. , R. E. Jaquish, and D. G. Easterly. The radi-
ation quality assurance program of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Health Physics Society American Science
Meeting. Houston, TX. Jul. 1974.
122. Technical Support Laboratory. Environmental radioactivity
laboratory intercomparison studies program - 1975. NERC-LV.
EPA-680/4-75-002b. May 1975.
123. Monitoring Systems Research and Development Division. Radi-
ation quality assurance intercomparison studies - 1974-1975.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-75-014. Oct. 1975.
124. Jarvis, A. N., R. F. Smiecinski, and D. G. Easterly. The
status and quality of radiation measurements in water.
EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-017. Apr. 1976.
31
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125. Ziegler, L. H. Radioactivity standards distribution pro-
gram- FY 1977. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-053. Oct. 1976.
126. Ziegler, L. H. Interlaboratory intercomparison of
polonium-210 measurements. EMSL-LV. EPA-600/4-76-054
Oct. 1976.
127. Morgan, G. B., E. W. Bretthauer, and R. E. Jaquish. Stan-
dard reference materials and environmental monitoring.
Symposium on Standard Reference Materials and Meaningful
Measurements. Washington, DC. Oct. 1973.
128. O'Connell, M. F. , and R. F. Kaufmann. Radioactivity asso-
ciated with geothermal waters in the western United States.
Technical Note ORP/LV-75-8A. Mar. 1976.
129. Proceedings of the first workshop on sampling geothermal
effluents. (Papers of workshop participants). EMSL-LV.
EPA-600/9-76-011. May 1976.
130. Brown, K. W., and D. D. Smith. Poisonous plants of the U.S.
Atomic Energy Commission's Nevada Test Site, Nye County,
Nevada. SWRHL-33r. Dec. 1966.
131. Smith, D. D., S. C. Black, K. R. Giles, D. E. Bernhardt, and
R. R. Kinnison. Tissue burdens of selected radionuclides in
beef cattle on and around the Nevada Test Site. EMSL-LV.
NERC-LV-539-29. Jan. 1976.
132. Johnson, F. G., R. B. Evans, and K. F. Zeller. Airborne
measurements of power plant plumes in West Virginia, 1975.
EMSL-LV. EPA report (in review - 1977).
133. Johnson, F. G., and R. B. Evans. Airborne measurements of
power plant plumes in Nevada, Mojave power plant. EPA
report (in review - 1977).
134. Sutton, W. W., R. G. Patzer, P. B. Hahn, and G. D. Potter.
Biological transport of 2£>3Cm in lactating dairy goats.
Proceedings - Plutonium Information Conference, Nevada
Applied Ecology Group, Las Vegas, NV. Feb. 1976. (in press),
32
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-77-004
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION-NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
CAPABILITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND
SUPPORT LABORATORY-LAS VEGAS
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
S. C. Black and G. S. Douglas
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1RX105
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Same as above
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
1970-1976
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA-ORD Office of Monitoring
and Technical Support
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This report describes the present and developing capabilities of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its purpose is to present comprehensive information in
concise form to' enable users of the Laboratory's services to more readily determine
the types of technical support available.
The Laboratory's present capabilities were developed through performance of
research and monitoring projects involving large and small animal studies; studies
of vegetation and soil; development and application of techniques for monitoring
of air, water, and land; analytical studies, and quality assurance activities. The
data show a 5-fpld increase in budget from 1971 to 1976. Whereas 77 percent of its
resources were spent in radiation projects in Fiscal Year 1971, only 31 percent of
its Fiscal Year' 1976 funds were devoted to radiation studies.
Indexed tables list the present capabilities by environmental medium and by
pollutant. These are referenced to scientific and technical reports published or
presented by Laboratory personnel.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
COSATI Field/Group
Biochemistry
Biology
Chemical analysis
Civil engineering
Quality assurance
Environmental measure-
ments and monitoring
Technical support
06 A, B, F, R, T
07 B, D
13 B
14 B, D
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
40
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
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