U.S. Environmental Office of Research
Protection Agency and Development FPA-600/9-77-005
FRESHWATER
FinDincs
1967 - 1976
research publications of
the environmenta I
research laboratory
duluth. Minnesota
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RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into five series. These five broad
categories were established to facilitate further development and application of
environmental technology. Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The five series are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
This report has been assigned to the ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH series. This series
describes research on the effects of pollution on humans, plant and animal
species, and materials. Problems are assessed for their long- and short-term
influences. Investigations include formation, transport, and pathway studies to
determine the fate of pollutants and their effects. This work provides the technical
basis for setting standards to minimize undesirable changes in living organisms
in the aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric environments.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
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EPA-600/9-77-005
March 1977
FRESHWATER FlflDlflGS. 1967-1976
Research Publications of the
Environmental Research Laboratory
Duluth. fflinnesota
compiled by
flichole J.Vick
Environmental Research Laboratory
62OI Congdon Bou levord
Duluth.Minnesota 558O4
enviRonmeniRL RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH flflD DEYELOPmEHT
u.s. enviRonmeniflL PROTECTIOH ACEOCY
DULUTH. minOESOTA 558O4
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DISCLRimER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Research Laboratory -
Duluth, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for publication.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use.
n
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FOREWORD
Our nation's freshwaters are vital for all animals and plants, yet our
diverse uses of water—for recreation, food, energy, transportation, and
industry—physically and chemically alter lakes, rivers, and streams. Such
alterations threaten terrestrial organisms, as well as those living in water.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in Duluth, Minnesota develops methods,
conducts laboratory and field studies, and extrapolates research findings
—to determine how physical and chemical pollution affects
aquatic life
--to assess the effects of ecosystems on pollutants
—to predict effects of pollutants on large lakes through
use of models
—to measure bioaccumulation of pollutants in aquatic
organisms that are consumed by other animals, including
man
Recognizing that the research findings of the Environmental Research
Laboratory-Duluth comprise a significant contribution to freshwater data, this
volume provides a complete compilation of the scientific publications documenting
those findings. This bibliography, inclusive from 1967 through 1976, lists all
project reports prepared by universities, industries, and other government
researchers conducting studies under the funding and direction of the Environ-
mental Research Laboratory-Duluth. Furthermore, this list includes all scien-
tific materials—journal articles, research reports, and other publications—
authored by the laboratory's own staff.
We offer this compilation with the belief that our findings are useful
only if we avail them to the broadest possible audience to ensure that other
researchers, regulatory agencies, and the public can apply this knowledge to
help us protect our nation's freshwaters.
Donald I. Mount, Ph.D.
Di rector
Environmental Research Laboratory
Duluth, Minnesota
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PREFRCE
Dedicated in 1967 as the National Water Quality Laboratory, the name of
the facility stated its purpose—to develop and apply test methods to
evaluate how pollution affects the plants and animals living in lakes, rivers,
and streams.
Early efforts pioneered frewhwater research on how pollutants directly
affect aquatic life itself. However, the laboratory has increasingly innovated
critical research on how humans and wildlife, as well as aquatic life, are
affected by freshwater organisms contaminated with pollutants.
By 1975 that expanding mission called for a new name—the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth (ERL-D). As one of fifteen unique laboratories of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development,
the laboratory continues its wide range of aquatic research having both
national and international impact.
Since 1967, staff scientists in Duluth and at ERL-D's field stations
have made their research results available to other scientists. By publishing
in the technical literature, government reports, and other scientific materials,
ERL-D researchers have shared their expertise.
Other researchers in industry, universities, and other government agencies
throughout the country have received funding from ERL-D to conduct freshwater
studies that complement the work of the ERL-D staff. To ensure that a complete
record of that work is available to the public, the Environmental Protection
Agency stipulates that each project must yield a comprehensive final report
that the Agency publishes in its research report series. Projects completed
by ERL-D staff also are reported in that series.
All of these findings by ERL-D staff and the extramural scientists funded
by the laboratory comprise a significant portion of the data that regulatory
agencies use to set criteria that protect fresh water life—criteria that
ultimately protect humans and other animals that drink or consume food from
those waters.
To ensure that this information is readily available to others who can apply
these findings to maintain and improve fresh water quality, this bibliography
provides a complete—through 1976—listing of those research publications and
sources of reprints.
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The publications are grouped in three main sections—reports published
in the Environmental Protection Agency's (and precursor agencies') research
series, journal articles from the scientific literature, and other scientific
publications. Each of those categories is subdivided into 1976 publications
(annotated to give the reader more complete information) and those published
from 1967 (the year the laboratory was dedicated) through 1975. Within each
year, publications are listed alphabetically by the senior author's last name.
To help the reader get copies of available publications, the citations for
available publications also identify sources of reprints.
To make the bibliography more usable to readers, it includes an author
index for all entries and a key word index for the 1976 publications. All
entries are numbered consecutively throughout the three sections of the
bibliography, and those are the numbers used in the indices.
Introductory materials also include a list of standard abbreviations for
the scientific journals cited in the bibliography and for pertinent components
of the Environmental Protection Agency and this laboratory.
VI
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comenis
Foreword iii
Preface v
Acknowledgments viii
List of Abbreviations ix
Research Reports
--1976 Reports (annotated) 1
— 1967 through 1975 Reports 19
Journal Articles
— 1976 Publications (annotated) 31
— 1967 through 1975 Publications 36
Other Scientific Publications
--1976 Publications (annotated) 46
— 1967 through 1975 Publications 51
Author Index 55
Key Word Index (for 1976 Publications Only) 61
vii
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Special thanks are given to Melanie Higdon for typing this bibliography and
for helping with its compilation and final preparation. Without Melanie's
help, this bibliography would still be an idea. Barbara Halligan also deserves
credit for the cover art.
vm
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LIST OF RBBREVIRTIOflS
journals
Adv, X-Ray Anal.
Am. Midi. Nat.
Anal. Chem.
Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol
Can. Entomol.
Chem.-Biol. Interactions
Chen. Instrum.
Environ. Health Perspect.
Environ. Sci. Technol.
J. Am. Water Works Assoc.
J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem.
0. Chromatogr.
J. Fish. Res. Board Can.
J. Insect Physiol.
J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
J. Minn. Acad. Sci.
J. N. Engl. Waterworks Assoc.
J. Water Pollut. Control Fed.
J. Wild!. Manage.
Malacologia
Mar. Technol. Soc. J.
Mich. Entomol.
Nautilus
Advances in X-Ray Analysis
The American Midland Naturalist
Analytical Chemistry
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
and Toxicology
Canadian Entomologist
Chemico-Biological Interactions
Chemical Instrumentation
Environmental Health Perspective
Environmental Science and Technology
Journal of the American Water Works
Association
Journal of the Association of Official
Analytical Chemists
Journal of Chromatography
Journal of the Fisheries Research Board
of Canada
Journal of Insect Physiology
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science
Journal of the New England Water Works
Association
Journal of the Water Pollution Control
Federation
Journal of Wildlife Management
Malacologia (International Journal of
Malacology)
Marine Technology Society Journal
Michigan Entomologist
Nautilus
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Pestic. Monit. J.
Prog. Fish-Cult.
Science
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
Verh. Internet. Verein. Limnol
Water Res.
other
EPA
ERL-D
LLRS
MERS
NFTS
NTIS
ORD
Pesticides Monitoring Journal
Progressive Fish-Culturist
Science
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society
International Association of Theoretical
and Applied Limnology, Verhandlungen
Water Research
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D.C. 20460
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth MN 55804
Large Lakes Research Station*
9311 Groh Road
Grosse He MI 48138
Monti cello Ecological Research Station*
P.O. Box 500
Monti cello MN 55362
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station*
3411 Church street
Newtown OH 45244
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield VA 22161
Office of Research of Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, D,C. 20460
*ERL-D Field Stations
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RESEARCH REPORTS
Reports in this section, published by the Agency in its own report series,
provide a complete public record of the research activities funded by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth. Consequently, the authors of these
reports include not only the laboratory staff members, but also those scientists
at universities, in industry, and at other facilities who receive funding and
perform research under the direction of the Environmental Research Laboratory-
Duluth.
1976
Adelman, Ira R. and Lloyd L. Smith, Jr. 1976. STANDARD TEST FISH
DEVELOPMENT, PART I. University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN. Publica-
tion No. EPA-600/3-76-061a. 87 p.
Fathead minnows and goldfish were compared for their
suitability as a standard bioassay fish. Acute bioassays
of four potential reference toxicants, sodium chloride,
pentachlorophenol, hexavalent chromium, and GuthiormS were
conducted with both species, and results were reported as
toxicity curves as well as LC50s at various times. Both
species showed the same variability of bioassay results.
Since goldfish could not complete a life cycle in one year
under laboratory conditions, fathead minnows were recommended
as a standard species on the basis of their smaller size and
their utility in complete life cycle tests.
Bioassays of pentachlorophenol were conducted with both
species to determine the effect of testing different sized
fish of the same age or testing different aged fish. Size
selection of fish within the ranges tested appeared unnecessary
since differences in LC50s were small. Since age of fathead
minnows did not affect the LC50s after 24 hours, use of
younger fish would allow smaller bioassay chambers or more
fish per chamber.
On the basis of seven criteria, sodium chloride was
superior for use as a reference toxicant with pentachloro-
phenol a close second choice.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB258099/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
1
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Adelman, Ira R. and Lloyd L. Smith, Or. 1976. STANDARD TEST FISH
DEVELOPMENT, PART II. University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN. Publica-
tion No. EPA-600/3-76-061b. 31 p.
Three chronic bioassays of Guthioit^were conducted with
fathead minnows. All tests began with eggs, and the longest
lasted 20 days after termination of spawning, a total of
250 days. Parameters measured were survival, growth, fecundity,
and growth and survival of second generation fry and eggs.
The most sensitive criterion for effect of the toxicant was
fecundity. The maximum acceDtable*Juoxicant concentration was
between 0.33 and 0.51 yg/1 GuthiorfaJand the application factor
between .00017 and .00027.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB257785/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
Basch, R.E. and J.G. Truchan. 1976. TOXICITY OF CHLORINATED POWER
PLANT CONDENSER COOLING WATERS TO FISH. Michigan Hater Resources
Commission, Lansing, MI. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-009. 115 p.
During 1972 studies at five Michigan power plants held
caged brown trout (Salmo trutta) and fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) for 96 hr in the intake and condenser cooling water
discharge channels and in condenser cooling water dechlorinated
with sodium thiosulfate. Below four of the five plants, total
residual chlorine levels as low as 0.05 mg/1 were lethal to
brown trout. Total residual chlorine concentrations lethal to
50 oercent (ILC-50) of the caged brown trout at two plants
averaged 0.02 to 0.18 mg/1 during the chlorination periods.
Fathead minnow deaths in all studies could not be attributed to
the total residual chlorine.
Resident fish were observed in distress at two plants during
1972. These behavioral symptoms were noted at maximum total
residual chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/1.
Studies were repeated in 1973 at one plant with brown
trout and other salmonid species. No deaths of test fish during
these tests could be attributed to chlorine concentrations. The
inconsistent results may be related to interactions between
chlorine, temperature, and dissolved oxygen saturation in the
discharge channel.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB25378H/AS
Price: Paper copy $5,50, Microfiche $3.00
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4 Beeton, A.M., P.K. Kovacic, and A.S. Brooks. 1976. EFFFCTS OF
CHLORINE AND SULFITE REDUCTION ON LAKE MICHIGAN INVERTEBRATES.
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Publication Mo. EPA-600/3-76-036.
132 p.
The acute toxicity of residual chlorine was determined for
the copepod Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi and the rotifer Keratella
cochlearis. The 96-hour TLso value for Cyclops was 0.084 mg/1
total residual chlorine added as monochloramine. uhen Cyclops
was exposed to sodium hypochlorite, the 96-hour TLso was 0.069
mg/1 total residual chlorine. The 4-hour TLso value for Keratella
was 0.019 mg/1 total residual chlorine added as monochloramine.
Chemical studies determined that sodium sulfite was an
efficient, inexpensive chemical agent for reducing chlorine
residuals which did not produce undesirable by-products.
Complete reduction was accomplished in less than 20 seconds with
a calculated kmin of 43 sec-1. Bioassay studies indicated that
sodium sulfite added to chlorinated water completely eliminated
the acute toxicity of residual chlorine to both Cyclops
bicuspidatus thomasi and Keratel 1 a cochlearis.
Field studies in Milwaukee Harbor and adjacent Lake Mich-
igan indicated that measurable chlorine residuals were confined
to a very small area surroundina the effluent from the Jones
Island Sewage Treatment Plant. Significant reductions in the
populations of benthic organisms were observed in the effluent
plume area after the start of chlorination.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB253127/AS
Price: Paoer cooy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
5 Bouck, Gerald R., Allen V. Nebeker, and Donald G. Stevens. 1976.
MORTALITY, SALTWATER ADAPTATION AND REPRODUCTION OF FISH DURING GAS
SUPERSATURATION. Western Fish Toxicoloa.y Station, Con/all is OR
(formerly a field station of the Environmental Research Laboratory,
Duluth MN). Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-050. 55 p.
Tests were conducted using continuous exposure in shal.low
water at levels of total dissolved gas oressure ranging from
110-140% of barometric pressure (hyperbaric pressure = 103-410
g/cm2). Times to 20% and to median mortality were determined
on several life stages of Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus and
Salmo) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Mean times
to 20% mortalitv at 115% total gas saturation were 309, 154
and 125 hours for adults, smolts, and parr, respectively. At
120% saturation mean times to 20% mortality were 48, 41 and 53
hours for adults, smolts, and parr, respectively. At 125%
saturation mean times to 20% mortality decreased to 18, 17,
and 24 hours respectively for adults, smolts, and parr. Factors
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influencing time to death included genera, life stage, acclimation
temperature, activity level, sex, and body size. Mortality
curves typically were skewed to the right. Gross pathology of
gas bubble disease was described relative to these experiments.
High gas levels that killed 50% of three species of salmon
smolts had no apparent effect on the ability of the survivprs
to tolerate an immediate transfer into seawater (30 ppt Cl).
Long-term (three-month) continuous exposure of adult spring
chinook salmon to 110% saturation had no readily apparent
adverse impact on the fertilization and hatching of their eggs.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB253777/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
Rroderius, Steven J. and Lloyd L. Smith, Jr. 1976. EFFECT OF
HYDROGEN SULFIDE ON FISH AND INVERTEBRATES, PART II — HYDROGEN
SULFIDE DETERMINATION AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN pH AMD SlILFIDE
TOXICITY. University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN. Publication No.
EPA-600/3-76-062b. 119 p.
An analytical method was developed for the direct determin-
ation of yg/1 concentrations of molecular H2S. The procedure
involves bubbling compressed nitrogen through an aqueous sulfide
solution to displace H2S which is collected in a glass bead
concentration column and measured colorimetrically. The H2S
concentration is calculated from the determined sulfide dis-
placement rate and by reference to a log linear standard curve
relating temperature with the H2S displacement rate to the H2S
concentration in standard solutions. To permit accurate deter-
mination of H2S from the determined dissolved sulfide concentration
and fraction of dissolved sulfide as H2S for specific conditions
of temperature and pH, the apparent linear relationship between
pKx for H2S/aq) and temperature was defined. This procedure of
calculating R25 in various waters and effluents was confirmed by
the direct technique.
The described analytical technique was used to define the
relationship between test pH and sulfide toxicity to the fathead
minnow. Within the pH range of 7.1 to 8.7, 96-hr LC50 values
for molecular HaS decreased linearly from 57.3 to 14.9 yg/1
with increasing pH. However, the log 96-hr LC50 values of dissolved
sulfide increased linearly from 64.0 to 780.1 yg/1 with increasing
test pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.7.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB257246/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
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7 Brunqs, William A. 1976. EFFECTS OF WASTEWATER AND COOLING WATER
CHLORIMATION ON AOUATIC LIFE. Environmental Research Laboratory,
Duluth MM. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-098. 52 p.
The literature since 1972 pertaining to wastewater and
cooling water chlorination is discussed under the headings:
Review papers, chlorinated municipal wastewaters, continuously
chlorinated water, intermittently chlorinated water, dechlorination,
avoidance, formation of chlorinated organic compounds, aquatic
life criteria and application factors, and regulations.
Field and laboratory research results support a single
criterion of 0.003 mg/1 for continuous exposure of freshwater
organisms. The former distinction between warmwater and coldwater
systems is no longer appropriate as recent data indicate that
several freshwater fish species are as sensitive as trout or
salmon.
The present concern about the formation of chlorinated
organics in water and wastewaters is justifiable and the
greatest present need is to determine the ecological significance,
if any, of these results. The future course of wastewater
chlorination will be greatly influenced hy the recent proposed
changes in the Environmental Protection Agency's regulations on
secondary treatment. The changes intend that disinfection only
be considered when public health hazards need to be controlled
and that the exclusive use of chlorine should not be considered
where protection of aquatic life is o^ primary consideration.
Where these uses co-exist, alternate means of disinfection must
be considered.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB257700/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
8 Cardwell, Rick D., Dallas G. Foreman, Thomas R. Payne, and Doris J.
Wilbur. 1976. ACUTE TOXICITY OF SELECTED TOXICANTS TO SIX SPECIES OF
FISH. Chemico Process Plants Comoany--Envirogenics Systems, El Monte,
CA. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-008. 125 p.
The relationship between median lethal concentration and
exposure time was determined for five chemicals and up to six
species of freshwater fish in a flow-through system. The lowest
median lethal concentrations found were 0.0114 mg/1 for sodium
cyanide, 0.118 mg/1 for sodium pentachlorophenate, 2.9 mg/1 for
selenium dioxide, 18.0 mg/1 for sodium arsenite, 25.4 mg/1 for
beryllium sulfate, and greater than 100 mg/1 for lead chloride.
. Toxicity curves relating median lethal concentration to
exposure time were of three types. One curve, resembling a
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rectangular hyperbola, characterized the toxicity of sodium
cyanide, while a sigmoid-shaped curve characterized the toxicity
of selenium dioxide. Both types of curves were observed in
toxicity tests with sodium pentachlorophenate, sodium arsenite,
and beryllium sulfate. Linear toxicity curves were recorded
for some fish species exposed to selenium dioxide, sodium arsen-
ite, and 'beryllium sulfate, but usually when exposure times were
less than 96 hr.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB252488/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
Cowen, William F. and G. Fred Lee. 1976. ALGAL NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY
AND LIMITATION IN LAKE ONTARIO DURING IFYGL. PART I - AVAILABLE
PHOSPHORUS IN URBAN RUNOFF AND LAKE ONTARIO TRIBUTARY WATERS. University
of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-
094a. 217 p.
Samples of Madison urban runoff, precipitation from Madison
and New York State were analyzed for various forms of phosphorus
to estimate the algal -avail able fraction of each of these P forms.
Urban runoff parti cul ate P forms from Madison runoff showed acid
extractable inorganic P in the range of 33 to 46% of the particu-
late P- Ranges for the OH" and for exchange resin extractable
inorganic P were 22 to 27 and 13 to 17% of parti cul ate P, respect-
ively. Runoff from urban areas in the Genesee R. basin (N.Y.)
showed acid, base, and resin extractable inorganic P in the ranges
of 30 to 48, 18 to 30 and 11 to 25% of parti cul ate P, respectively,
in general agreement with the Madison samples. Inorganic P
extracted from parti cul ate P by resin in long-term aerobic dark
incubations was similar to that extracted by the resin in short-
term tests, indicating that physical and chemical, rather than
microbial mineralization processes were probably the key factors
regulating the release of inorganic P from the runoff particles to
the solution phase.
Source: LLRS
10 Dawley, Farl, Bruce Monk, Michael Schiewe, Frank Ossiander, and
W. Ebel. 1976. SALMOMID BIOASSAY OF SUPERSATURATED DISSOLVED AIR
IN WATER. National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle HA. Publication
Mo. FPA-6nO/3-76-056. 39 p.
Tests were conducted in shallow (H.25 m) and deep (2.5 m)
tanks of water at IOC with concentrations of dissolved atmospheric
gas ranging from ino% to 127% of air saturation to determine the
lethal and sublethal effects on juvenile fall chinook salmon
(Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steel head trout (Salmo gairdneri).
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Fall Chinook salmon (average fork length of £2 mm) were much
more resistant to supersaturation than juvenile steelhead trout
(average fork length of 180 mm). Salmon tested in the shallow
tanks at 120% of saturation incurred 50% mortality in 22 days
whereas trout tested at the same level incurred 50% mortality in
30 hours. Signs of gas Hubble disease were noted on dead fish
and on subsamples of live fish from deep water tests at 110%
saturation and in shallow water tests at 105% or above. Vertical
distribution of both salmon and trout in the deep tanks appeared
to compensate for about 10% and 10-15% respectively of effective
saturation. Average depth of the fish in deep tanks increased
with increased oas concentration. Significant differences in
growth and condition factors of the salmon and trout were not found
between stressed and control fish during the test period.
Source: ERL-D -or-
•MTIS, No. PB256413/AS
Price: Paper cooy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
11 Duodoroff, Peter. 1976. TOXICITY TO FISH OF CY^JIDFS AHD RELATED
COMPOUNDS—A PEVIEH. Oregon State University, Corvallis OR. Public-
ation *!o. EPA-600/3-76-038. 161 p.
The world literature on the toxicity to fish of simple and
complex cyanides is reviewed criticallv and interpret!"vely.
Differently determined limits of toxicant concentrations toler-
ated by various fishes are compared and their variation (with
exposure time, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and mineral
content of the water, bodv size, age, acclimation, and other
factors) is examined. Interactions of free cyanide with other
toxic water pollutants also are considered. Available data
on effects of sublethal levels of free cyanide on growth,
food consumption and utilization, swimmina ability, behavior,
etc., and observations on avoidance reactions of fish to the
toxicant are summarized and their ecological significance is
discussed. After a brief introduction to the chemistry of
complex metallocyanides and their behavior in dilute solutions,
the acute toxicity of the solutions is thoroughlv considered
and related to concentrations of their identifiable comoonents.
The dominant role of molecular hydrocyanic acid produced by
dissociation of photolysis of the metal!ocyanide complexes as
a lethal agent responsible for the toxicity of most of the
toxic solutions tested is given particular attention; the
relative toxicity of complex metal 1ocyanide ions also is
considered. Some conclusions regarding acceptable concentrations
of free cyanide in receiving waters are presented.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB253528/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
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12 Fryer, J.L., K.S. Pilcher, J.E. Sanders, J.S. Rohovec, J.L. Zinn,
W.J. Groberg, and R.H. McCoy. 1976. TEMPERATURE, INFECTIOUS
DISEASES AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SALMONID FISH. Oregon State
University, Corvallis OR. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-021. 80 p.
To investigate the effect of temperature on infections of
salmonid fish, Aeromonas sal mom'ci da infection was studied in
chinook salmon and steel head trout and Aeromonas liquefaciens
infection was studied in chinook and coho salmon. In all cases,
mortality rates were hi ah at 64 to 69 F; usually moderate at
54 to 59 F; and low or zero at 39 to 49 F. Progress of the
infections accelerated at higher temperatures and retarded at
lower temperatures. Bacterial kidney disease was studied in
coho salmon and steel head trout. Temperatures from 44 to 54 F
were optimal for development of fatal infection, indicated bv
mortality rates of 78 to 100%. Higher temperatures had a
suooressing effect marked at 69 F. Temperatures of 59 to 69 F
were optimal for the formation of agglutinating antibody when
.iuvenile coho salmon were in.iected with a killed suspension of
A. salmonicida. At lower temperatures less antibody was formed,
and no significant amount was produced at 39 F 60 days after
in.iection of antigen. Oral immunization of juvenile coho
salmon with a vaccine consisting of formalin killed Vibrio
anguillarum cells incorporated in their diet protected them
against fatal infection when the fish were held at temperatures
from 39 to 69 F during immunization.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB253191/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
13 Geckler, Jack R., William B. Horning, Timothy M. Neiheisel, Quentin
H. Pickering, Ernest L. Robinson, and Charles E. Stephan. 1976. VALIDITY OF
LABORATORY TESTS FOR PREDICTING COPPER TOXICITY IN STREAMS. Newtown
Fish Toxicology Station, Newtown OH. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-116.
206 p.
A field study was conducted on Shayler Run, in Clermont
County, Ohio, to determine the effects of copper on the stream
biota. Copper was added to the stream for 33 months to maintain
a concentration of 120 yg/1, a concentration that was expected to
adversely affect some species of fish and not others. This natural
stream received sewage effluent containing a variety of compounds
known to affect acute copper toxicity. All but one abundant species
of fish in the stream and four of the five most abundant macroin-
vertebrates were adversely affected by exposure to copper. Direct
effects on fish were death, avoidance, and restricted spawning.
To determine the usefulness of laboratory toxicity tests
when establishing water quality criteria for an aquatic ecosystem,
acute and chronic tests with copper were conducted at the Newtown
8
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Fish Toxicology Station and on-site at Shayler Run with stream
species and the fathead minnow. The acute toxicity of copper varied
widely because of water quality variations in the stream. The
chronic tests underestimated the in-stream toxicity by about two
times because only the effects of copper on survival, growth, and
reproduction were measured. Agreement between the predictions from
laboratory toxicity tests and the observed effect is surprisingly
close considering the measurement errors involved.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
14 Gerloff, Gerald C. and George P. Fitzgerald. 1976. THE NUTRITION OF
GRFAT LAKES CLADOPHORA. University of Wisconsin, Madison. Publication
No. EPA-600/3-76-004. 123 p.
A synthetic culture medium was developed for the labora-
tory culture of Cladophora glomerata from the Great Lakes.
Recognition that Cladophora requires vitamins B-j and P,2 was a
key feature in the successful culture of this alga. Systematic
modifications of the initial culture solution resulted in an
optimum culture medium in which C. glomerata routinely produced
500 mg oven-dry algae in a 21-day period.
The quantitative requirements of C. glomerata for essential
inorganic nutrients were expressed primarily as critical cell
concentrations, that is, minimum cell concentrations which oernrit
maximum yield. C. glomerata has relatively low critical N and P
concentrations (1.1% and 0.06%, respectively) but very high B
(110 ppm) and S (0.15%) critical concentrations. Ortho-, pyro-,
meta, and tripoly-P can be utilized in C. glomerata growth as can
NH, and N03~N. Phosphite-P is relatively unavailable.
Nutrient supplies and limiting nutrients for Cladophora sp.
growth in the Great Lakes were evaluated by two bioassays,
primarily plant analysis and to some extent the Fitzgerald tests.
Plant analysis assays for P showed that Cladophora P concentra-
tions correlated closely with the recognized pollution of areas
sampled. Furthermore, P was limiting or close to limiting in
several relatively unpolluted areas. There were indications
that elements other than P at times limited Cladophora growth.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB253343/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
15 Great Lakes Laboratory, State University College. 1976. AN INVESTI-
GATION OF THE NEARSHORE REGION OF LAKE ONTARIO IFYGL. Great Lakes
Laboratory, Buffalo, New York. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-115. 269 p,
-------
Sufficient quantitative and qualitative information concern-
ing water and sediment chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton and
benthos, in addition to a limited number of physical parameters
between April 1972 and May 1973 was collected to establish an
environmental baseline for the Well and Canal - Rochester nearshore
zone. This information could be of value in evaluating future
ecological changes in the aquatic region as well as in the con-
struction of water intakes, beaches, power generating plants and
other shoreline projects. The study area could generally be
characterized as oligotrophic to mesotrophic. The lowest quality
conditions were observed at the Genesee and Niagara River mouths.
The thermal bar functioned as a barrier which kept the more
nutrient enriched water on the shoreward side of the bar.
Cladophora growth appeared to be limited by suitable substrate
for attachment and the extent of wave action rather than chemical
factors. The physical nature of the sediment also appeared to
be of major importance in determining which benthos were found
in which regions of the study area.
Source: LLRS -or- NTIS
16 Jarvinen, Alfred W., Molly J. Hoffman, and Todd W. Thorslund. 1976.
TOXICITY OF DDT FOOD AND WATER EXPOSURE TO FATHEAD MINNOWS. Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Duluth MN. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-
114. 75 p.
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed during a
partial chronic toxicity test to two DDT concentrations in the
water, one in the diet, and combinations of water and diet for
266 days through a reproductive period of their life cycle.
Tissue-residue analyses were performed on test fish at preset
intervals throughout the exposure and also on embryos, larvae at
hatch, and 30- and 60-day progeny. The contribution of DDT from
each source was monitored with gas-chromatography and liquid-
scintillation techniques. The diet was clams that had accumulated
14C-DDT when exposed at a DDT water concentration similar to that
in the high fish exposure.
Higher total DDT tissue residues were accumulated from the
water than from the diet. Residues contributed by dietary DDT
were additive to those from the water. Mean concentration factors
were 1.2 times from the diet and 100,000 times from the water.
Mortality was higher in fish exposed to DDT in both water and
diet than in fish exposed to only one or the other of these
sources. DDT in the diet significantly reduced the probability
of survival of the test fish (P = 0.025). Estimated maximum
acceptable toxicant concentrations for DDT are 0.9 yg/1 for fish
exposed to DDT in the water only or 0.4 yg/1 for fish exposed to
DDT in both water and diet.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
10
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17 Lick, Wilbert. 1976. MUMFRICAL MODELS OF LAKE CURRENTS. Case
Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH. Publication No. EPA-600/
3-76-020. 152 p.
As part of a research effort sponsored by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to study the dispersion of
contaminants in near-shore areas of large lakes, the author
developed numerical models capable of realistically describing
the currents throughout large lakes and, in particular, in the
near-shore regions of these lakes. This report summarizes
work to date on these hydrodynamic models.
This work has emphasized the development and use of three-
dimensional models. This report describes three basic models: (1) a
steady-state, constant-density model; (2) a time-dependent, constant-
density model; and (3) a time-dependent, variable-density model.
Each model has its own limitations and certain advantages over the
others. Applications of each model, especially to flows in near-
shore regions, are discussed. Because the author also has used
vertically averaged models, usually in parametric studies, the
report briefly summarizes these models.
Source: LLRS -or-
MTIS, No. PB252835/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
18 Macek, Kenneth J., Kenneth S. Buxton, Steven K. Derr, J.H. Dean, and
Scott Sauter. 1976. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF LINDANE TO SELECTED AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES AND FISHES. Bionomics, E G ft G, Inc., Wareham MA.
Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-046. 58 p.
Representatives of the aquatic invertebrate soecies of water
flea (Daphnia magna), midge (Chironomus tentans), and scud
(Gammarus fasciatus) and the fish species of bluegill (Lepomis
macrochirus), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and brook
trout (SaTvelinus fontinalis) were chronically exposed to various
concentrations of lindane in separate flowing water systems.
Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATC) of lindane
for the selected species in soft water were estimated using
survival, growth, and reproduction as indicators of toxic effects.
The MATC was estimated to be between 2.2 and 5.0 yg/1 for midges,
between 11 and 19 yg/1 for the water flea, and between 4.3 and 8.6
yg/1 for the scud. For fishes the MATC was estimated between
9.1 and 12.5 yg/1 for bluegills, between 9.1 and 23.5 yg/1 for
fathead minnows, and between 8.8 and 16.6 yg/1 for brook trout.
The incipient lethal concentration (LC50) for fishes and the 48-
hour LC50 for invertebrates were estimated from acute exposures
and used to calculate application factors (MATC/LC50). For
aquatic invertebrates and lindane the estimated application
11
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factors were between 0.010 and 0.024 for midges, between 0.020
and 0.029 for water flea, and between 0.11 and 0.22 for scud.
Application factors were estimated between 0.30 and 0.42 for
bluegill, between 0.13 and 0.34 for fathead minnows, and between
0.34 and 0.64 for brook trout.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. 25G334/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
19 Macek, Kenneth 0., Kenneth S. Buxton, Scott Sauter, Sarah Gnilka, and
Jerry W. Dean. 1976. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF ATRAZINE TO SELECTED AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES AND FISHES. Bionomics, E G & G, Inc., Wareham MA.
Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-047. 58 p.
Representatives of the aquatic invertebrate species of
water flea (Daphnia magna), midge (Chironomus tentans), and scud
(Gammarus fasclatus); and the fish species bluegi'11 (Lepomis
macrochlrus), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and brook
trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were chronically exposed to various
concentrations of atrazine in separate flowing-water systems.
Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATC) of atrazine
for the selected species in soft water were estimated using
survival, growth, and reproduction as indicators of toxic effects.
The MATC was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.23 mg/1 for
midges, between 0.14 and 0.25 mg/1 for water fleas, and between
0.06 and 0.14 for the scud. For fishes the MATC was estimated to
be between 0.09 and 0.50 mg/1 for bluegills, between 0.21 and
0.52 mg/1 for fathead minnows, and between 0.06 and 0.12 mg/1 for
brook trout. The incipient-LC50 for fishes and the 48-hour LC50
for invertebrates was estimated from acute exposures and was used
to calculate application factors (MATC/LC50). For aquatic
invertebrates and atrazine the estimated application factors
were between 0.15 and 0.32 for midges, between 0.02 and 0.04 for
water flea, and between 0.01 and 0.02 for scud. Application
factors were estimated between 0.01 and 0.07 for bluegills, be-
tween 0.01 and 0.03 for fathead minnows, and between 0.01 and
0.02 for brook trout.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB255439/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
20 Macek, Kenneth J., Mark A. Lindberg, Scott Sauter, Kenneth S. Buxton,
and Patricia A. Costa. TOXICITY OF FOUR PESTICIDES TO WATER FLEAS AND
FATHEAD MINNOWS -- ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF ACROLEIN; HEPTACHLOR,
ENDOSULFAN, AND TRIFLURALIN TO THE WATER FLEA (DAPHNIA MAGMA) AND THE
1
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FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS). Bionomics, E 6 & G, Inc., Wareham MA.
Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-099. 67 p.
Maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATC's) for each
pesticide for both species were estimated by measuring survival,
growth and reproduction success as indicators of toxic effects.
The MATC for acrolein was estimated to be >16.9 and <33.6 yg/1 for
daphnids and >11.4 and <41.7 for fathead minnows, those estimated
for heptachlor were >12.5 and <25.0 yg/1 for daphnids and >0.86
and <1.84 yg/1 for fathead minnows, those estimated for endosulfan
were >2.7 and <7.0 yg/1 for daphnids and >0.2 and <0.4 yg/1 for
fathead minnows, and those estimated for trifluralin were >2.4
and <7.2 yg/1 for daphnids and >1.9 and <5.1 yg/1 for fathead
minnows.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
21 Mattson, Vincent R., John W. Arthur, and Charles T. Walbridge. 1976.
ACUTE TOXICITY OF SELECTED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO FATHEAD MINNOWS. Environ-
mental Research Laboratory, Duluth MN. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-
097. 13 p.
Static nonrenewal laboratory bioassays were conducted with
26 organic compounds commonly used by industry. The selected
compounds represented the five following chemical classes: acids,
alcohols, hydrocarbons, ketones and aldehydes, and phenols.
Juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were the test
animal, and test duration was limited to 96 hours. Lake Superior
water served as the diluent source for all test compounds. Addi-
tional tests were conducted with a reconstituted diluent water
for five compounds. The alcohol compounds were generally 10 to
100 times less toxic than chemicals tested in the other four
chemical classes. Compounds in the other four classes had a similar
toxicity range. The most lethal chemical tested was pentachlorophenol
(96-hr LC50 of 0.6 mg/1.) and the least lethal was ethanol (96-hr
LC50 of 13,480 mg/1.). Most of the minnow deaths occurred during
the first 24 hr. Comparative chemical tests in the two diluent
waters gave similar lethal responses.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
22 McCormick, J. Howard. 1976. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON YOUNG YELLOW
PERCH, PERCA FLAVESCENS (MITCHILL). Environmental Research Laboratory,
Duluth MN. Publication Mo. EPA-600/3-76-057. 25 p.
The effect of temperature on growth of young-of-the-year
yellow perch was determined over an 8-week period at constant
temperatures from 8 to 34 C. Absolute growth rates peaked at
28 C, but were not significantly less (P>0.05) over the range
from 26 to 30 C. Deformities occurred at 32 C but at no lower
temperatures, and all fish died within 7 days at 34 C. A
13
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suggested seasonal temperature cycle for yellow perch habitats is
presented, based on the data from this experiment for the summer
period of rapid growth and on data from previous studies for
other life stages.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. 253169/AS
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
23 Peterka, John J. and Oames S. Kent. DISSOLVED OXYGEN, TEMPERATURE,
SURVIVAL OF YOUNG AT FISH SPAWNING SITES. 1976. North Dakota State
University, Fargo ND. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-113. 43 p.
Fluctuations of dissolved oxygen concentrations and water
temperatures in their natural spawning sites were measured during
embryo through larva stages of northern pike (Esqx lucius), and
during embryo and sac larva stages of bluegi11s (Lepomis macrochirus)
and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus). At northern pike sites,
dissolved oxygen concentrations from combined measurements 1 and
10 cm from the bottom ranged from 0.0-16.6 mg/liter, and water
temperatures from 2.5-23.0 C; average daily fluctuations were 3.0
mg/liter and 1.6 C. For bluegill and pumpkinseed nests, dissolved
oxygen concentrations 1 cm from the bottom ranged from 2.4-18.2
mg/liter and water temperatures from 15.0-27.5 C, with average
daily fluctuations of 4.4 mg/liter and 3.3 C. In field experiments
to determine acute effects of a single exposure to low dissolved
oxygen concentrations, tolerance decreased from embryo to larva
stages for northern pike and from embryo to sac larva stages from
bluegi11s and small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui).
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
24 Samuelson, Donald F- 1976. WATER QUALITY: WESTERN FISH TOXICOLOGY
STATION AND WESTERN OREGON RIVERS. Western Fish Toxicology Station,
Corvallis OR (formerly a field station of the Environmental Research
Laboratory, Duluth MN). Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-077. 56 p.
Seasonal variation in water quality was compared for the
Western Fish Toxicology Station (WFTS), Con/all is, OR, the
adjacent Willamette River and approximately 40 major western
Oregon rivers from 1972 through 1974.
Water temperature patterns of the Willamette River and the
WFTS well were similar (range, 4.6-20.0 C). While both displayed
seasonal trends, well water lagged 7-10 days behind the river in
both temperature increases and decreases. Dissolved oxygen
values in both the river and well water were inversely related
to temperature. Average dissolved oxygen concentrations were
higher in the river (10.4 mg/1) than in the well water (4.1 mg/1).
Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) was low in the well water (range,
6.6-7.0), compared to'th€ river (range, 7.0-7.8). River water
1 '. '^-*
14
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had a mean hardness and alkalinity of 22 mg/1 and 23 mg/1,
respectively, while water ranged between "soft to moderately
hard" (mean hardness, 34 mg/1; mean alkalinity, 31 mg/1). High
Willamette River discharges (above Corvallis) were followed by
7-10 day lags in corresponding sharp peaks of total hardness,
alkalinity, and certain cations and anions in the well water.
Major cation and anion concentrations were low overall. Trace
metals were found to be at or near detection limits. River
iron and manganese concentrations were approximately 10 times
greater than those found in the well. River zinc had a mean of
9.4 yg/1, while the well water mean concentration was 5.1 yg/1.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
25 Sauter, Scott, Kenneth S. Buxton, Kenneth J. Macek and Sam R.
Petrocelli. 1976. EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO HEAVY METALS ON SELECTED
FRESHWATER FISH. Bionomics, E G & G, Inc., Wareham MA. Publication No.
EPA-600/3-76-105. 85 p.
Embryo and larvae of rainbow trout, lake trout, channel
catfish, bluegill, white sucker, northern pike, and walleye were
exposed for 60 days after hatch to lead and chromium in soft
water. Brook trout, channel catfish, and walleyes were also
exposed for 60 days after hatch to copper and cadmium in soft and
hard water. The effects on survival and growth indicated that
copper and cadmium were toxic at much lower concentrations than
lead and chromium. Water hardness did not appear to have a
significant effect on the observed toxicity in most cases.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
26 Schelske, C.L., E.F. Stoermer, J.E. Gannon and M.S. Simmons. 1976.
BIOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE STRAITS OF
MACKINAC. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Publication No.
EPA-600/3-76-095. 278 p.
Three cruises were conducted from August to October 1973 in
the vicinity of the Straits of Mackinac. Environmental conditions
were influenced by the net transport of water from Lake Michigan
to Lake Huron, the oscillatory flow of water produced by seiches
between the two lakes, and the hypolimnetic transport of water
from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan during periods of thermal strat-
ification. Different water masses resulted from the mixing of
waters from Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior and were
identified from single parameters, particularly silica, nitrate,
pH, temperature and specific conductance, from cluster analysis of
chemical and physical parameters and from ordination analyses of
phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages.
Lake Michigan waters transported through the Straits represent
a diffuse and relatively small phosphorus enrichment for Lake
15
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Huron, but were depleted in silica and nitrate compared to Lake
Huron. In August and September phytoplankton in the silica
depleted waters from Lake Michigan were dominated by blue-green
algae. The phytoplankton assemblages in the Straits were distinct
from those in the open waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.
Zooplankton species composition was similar at the 50 stations
sampled, but cladocerans were proportionately more prevalent in
the more eutrophic waters of Lake Michigan than were calanoid cope-
pods in Lake Huron. In was concluded that water from Lake
Michigan had a subtle delterious effect on water quality in Lake
Huron.
Source: LLRS -or- NTIS
27 Smith, Lloyd L., Jr., Donavon M. Oseid, Ira R. Adelman, and Steven
J. Broderius. 1976. EFFECT OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE ON FISH AND INVERT-
EBRATES, PART I—ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY STUDIES. University of
Minnesota, St. Paul MM. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-062a. 302 p.
Acute and chronic toxicity of hydrogen sulfide to seven
fish species and eight invertebrates were determined in continuous-
flow bioassays. Fish species were fathead minnows, goldfish,
bluegill, walleye, white sucker, brook trout, and rainbow trout.
Invertebrates were Asellus, Crangonyz, Gammarus, Baetis, Hexagenia,
Ephemera, Procambarus, and Cambarus. In 159 acute tests lethal
threshold concentration for juvenile fish varied from 0.0087
mg/1 in rainbow trout to 0.0840 mg/1 in goldfish. Except in
goldfish, fry stage was up to three times more sensitive than
the juvenile. In 96 tests on invertebrates the 96-hr LC50
ranged from 0.020 mg/1 in Baeti s to 1.070 mg/1 in Asellus. Acute
toxicity of HoS to fathead minnows varied 24-fold between 6.5 and
24.0 C. Temperature effects were not as marked on invertebrates.
In chronic exposure to HoS in 29 tests running up to 825 days,
maximum no-effect concentration to fish ranged from 0.0004 mg/1
in bluegills to 0.0100 mg/1 in goldfish. No-effect level was
determined from growth, survival, reproduction, or swimming
performance. In nine chronic tests running up to 138 days, maxi-
mum safe levels ranged from 0.0012 mg/1 in Gammarus to 0.0152
mg/1 in Hexagenia. Application factors relating acute toxic
(96-hr LC50 for juveniles) to no-effect levels varied from .231 in
rainbow trout to .013 in bluegills and from .091 in Gammarus to
.048 in Procambarus.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB256410/AS
Price: Paper copy $9.75, Microfiche $3.00
28 Snarski, Virginia M., and Frank A. Puglisi. 1976. EFFECTS OF AROCLO
1254 ON BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS. Environmental Research
Laboratory, Duluth MN. -Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-112. 41 p.
16
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No adverse effects were observed on survival, growth, and
reproduction of brook trout exposed for 71 weeks to 0.94 yg/X and
lower concentrations of the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor(E)l254
(P = 0.05). Survival and growth to 90 days of alevin-juveniles
from exposed parents were also unaffected (P = 0.05). Polychlorin-
ated biphenyl concentrations in the brook trout were directly
proportional to the water exposure concentrations (P = 0.05). The
PCB tissue concentrations appeared to have reached a steady state
by the first sampling after 14 weeks of exposure. The PCB residues
(wet-tissue basis) in chronically exposed fish were approximately
2 yg/g in the fillet and 9 yg/g in the "whole body" (entire fish
minus one fillet and the gonads) at the highest water concentra-
tion, 0.94 yg/1. The higher residue in the whole body compared
to the corresponding fillet was due to the higher fat content of
the former.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
29 Spehar, Robert L. 1976. CADMIUM AND ZINC TOXICITY TO JORDANELLA
FLORIDAE. Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth MN. Publication
No. EPA-600/3-76-096. 34 p.
Cadmium and zinc toxicity to the flagfish (Jordanella floridae)
was determined on the basis of 96-hr median lethal concentrations
(LC50) and significant decreases (P = 0.05) in survival, growth,
and reproduction over the complete life cycle of the fish. The
96-hr LC50 values for cadmium and zinc to juvenile flagfish were
2,500 and 1,500 yg/liter, respectively. In chronic tests, repro-
duction was the most sensitive indicator of cadmium toxicity and
was inhibited at 8.1 yg/liter. Tissue-concentration analysis
showed that fish exposed to concentrations of 1.7 yg/liter and above
accumulated significantly greater amounts of cadmium than those
in the controls. In zinc tests, survival of larvae (not exposed
as embryos) and growth of females were the most sensitive measure
of zinc toxicity and were reduced at respective concentrations of
85 and 51 yg/liter. Significant uptake of zinc occurred in fish
exposed to concentrations of 47 yg/liter and above. The lowest
cadmium and zinc concentrations causing adverse effects to the
flagfish were similar to those affecting other fish species.
Application factors for both metals were similar to those reported
for cadmium exposed bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and zinc
exposed fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in hard water.
Source: ERL-D -or- NTIS
30 Stalling, David L. and James N. Huckins. 1976. ANALYSIS AMD GC-MS
CHARACTERIZATION OF TOXAPHENE IN FISH AND WATER. Fish-Pesticide
Research Laboratory, Columbia MO. Publication No. EPA-600/3-76-076. 53 p,
The report describes sensitive "methods for the detection and
identification of toxaphene in water and fisfh. .The authors used
17
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polyurethane foam, gel permeation, and silicic acid chromatography
to accurately quantitate multi-component toxaphene residues. They
report a method for characterizing changes in the isomer composition
of toxaphene residues in fish. The chemical composition of toxaphene
was examined by electron impact and chemical ionization mass
spectrometry. Chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectro-
metry was particularly applicable to the analysis and confirmation
of toxaphene in residues in environmental samples.
Source: ERL-D' -or-
NTIS, No. PB25773/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00.
31 Thomann, Robert V., Richard P. Winfield, Dominic M. DiToro, and Donald
J. O'Connor. 1976. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN LAKE
ONTARIO, PART 2. SIMULATIONS USING LAKE 1 MODEL. Manhattan College,
Bronx NY. Publication Mo. EPA-600/3-76-065. 97 p.
The results of a series of simulations of the response of the
open lake region of Lake Ontario to various levels of nutrient
input are described. The simulations use a simplified dynamic
model of phytoplankton - nutrient interactions in a vertically
segmented structure. The analysis of long term simulations (10-
20 years) indicates that the overall nutrient loss rates are of
particular importance. Under a reasonable set of model parameters,
the simulations indicate that the present observed open lake
phytoplankton biomass of Lake Ontario apparently is not in
equilibrium with the present input nutrient load. Therefore,
if the present load is continued, it is estimated that spring
peak phytoplankton chlorophyll in the epilimnion will continue to
increase to a new level about 45% higher than present levels.
The interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus is also described by
the simulations, and the results indicate a tendency for nitrogen
limitation to be an increasingly dominant factor in controlling the
spring bloom. An estimated "pastoral" load simulation, indicative
of conditions prior to man's intensive activity, indicates that
spring phytoplankton levels were some 40% less than present levels,
and average annual epilimnion biomass under equilibrium with
present loads is about twice that under pastoral conditions.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB258189/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00.
32 Winner, Robert W. 1976. TOXICITY OF COPPER TO DAPHNIDS IN-RECONSTI-
TUTED AND NATURAL WATERS. Miami University, Oxford OH. Publication No.
EPA-600/3-76-051. 79*-pv
18
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The toxicity of copper was compared for Daphnia magna
cultured in reconstituted versus pond water and fed on trout-
pellet versus vitamin-enriched algal foods. Effects of a chronic
copper stress were highly variable when animals were tested in
reconstituted waters. This variability is thought to be due to
variability in the quality of the distilled-water matrix. The
vitamin-enriched algal food was found to be superior to the
trout-granule food in culturing D. magna. Control animals lived
much longer and test animals were less sensitive to a chronic
copper stress. The acute and chronic toxicity of copper was
also compared for four species of Daphnia. When tested in pond
water and fed vitamin-enriched algae, the two largest species
(D. magna and D. pulex) were significantly less sensitive to an
acute copper stress than the two smallest species (D. parvula and
D. ambigua). There was, however, no significant difference in
sensitivity to a chronic copper stress when reduced longevity
was used as the index. Application factors for the four species
varied from 0.47 to 0.62 and were not significantly different.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB252915/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
1969
33 University of Michigan. 1969. PLANKTON DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES IN LAKE
MICHIGAN. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI. Publication Mo.
18050DKC12/69. 273 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB198087
Price: Paper copy $9.00, Microfiche $3.00
I97O
34 Arthur D. Little, Incorporated. 1970. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA DATA
BOOK, VOLUME I. ORGANIC CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER. Arthur D.
Little, Incorporated, Cambridge MA. Publication No. 1801ODPV12/70.
399 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB208987
Price: Paper copy $10.75, Microfiche $3.00
35 DePauw University. 1970. EFFECT OF INORGANIC SEDIMENT ON STREAM BIOTA.
DePauw University, Greencastle IN. Publication No. 18050DWC12/70.
150 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB204236 :••
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfithe $3.00
19
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36 Fromm, Paul 0. 1970. TOXIC ACTION OF WATER SOLUBLE POLLUTANTS ON FRESH-
WATER FISH. Michigan State University, East Lansing MI. Publication Mo,
18050DST12/70. 59 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB201650
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
1971
37 Arthur D. Little, Incorporated. 1971. WATER QUALITY DATA BOOK VOLUME 2.
INORGANIC CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER. Arthur D. Little, Incor-
porated, Cambridge MA. Publication No. 18010DPV07/71. 280 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB208988
Price: Paper copy $9.25, Microfiche $3.00
38 Battelle Columbus Laboratories. 1971. WATER QUALITY CRITERIA DATA BOOK
VOLUME 3. EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON AQUATIC LIFE. Battelle Columbus
Laboratories, Columbus OH. Publication No. 18050GWV05/71.
Source: NTIS, No. PB231210
39 Bureau of Sport Fisheries. 1971. STREAM FAUNAL RECOVERY AFTER MANGANESE
STRIP MINE RECLAMATION. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg
VA. Publication No. 18050DOH06/71. 41 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB206184
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
40 Cairns, Jr., J. and R.E. Sparks. 1971. USE OF BLUEGILLS TO DETECT ZINC.
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg VA.
Publication No. 18050EDQ12/71. 45 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB211332
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
41 Cairns, Jr., J. and W.T. Waller. 1971. USE OF FISH MOVEMENT PATTERNS TO
MONITOR ZINC. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,
Blacksburg VA. Publication No. 18050EDP12/71.
Source: NTIS, No. PB211333
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
20
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42 Dodd, J.D. 1971. ECOLOGY OF DIATOMS IN HARDWATER HABITATS. Iowa State
University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ames IA. Public-
ation Mo. 18050DIE12/71.65 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB213005
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
43 Illinois University. 1971. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF STREAMS OF COLES
COUNTY, ILLINOIS, 1967-1970. Illinois University, Eastern Charleston
IL. Publication Mo. 18050DZZ06/71.
Source: ERL-D
44 Michigan Department of Natural Resources. 1971. CHLORINATED MUNICIPAL
WASTE TOXICITIES TO RAINBOW TROUT AMD FATHEAD MINNOWS. Michigan
Department of Natural Resources, Lansing MI. Publication No.
18050GZZ10/71.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB209890
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
45 Pennsylvania State University. 1971. HISTOCHEMICAL AND CYTOPHOTOMETRIC
ASSAY OF ACID STRESS IM FRESHWATER FISH. Pennsylvania State University,
University Park PA. Publication No. 18050DXJ05/71. 123 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB227571
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
46 Smith, R.W. and D.G. Frey. 1971. ACID MINE POLLUTION EFFECTS ON
LAKE BIOLOGY. Indiana University, Water Resources Research Center,
Bloomington IN. Publication No. 18050EEC12/71. 133 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB210709
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
47 Texas Christian University. 1971. INDUSTRIAL WASTES: EFFECTS ON
TRINITY RIVER ECOLOGY, FORT WORTH, TEXAS. Department of Biology,
Fort Worth. TX. Publication No. 18050DBB12/71. 167 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB211167
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
21
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48 University of Washington. 1971. RESPONSES OF TELEOST FISH TO
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. University of Washington, Seattle WA. Public-
ation Mo. 18050EBK02/71. 130 p.
Source: NTIS, Mo. PB208968
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
1972
49 Brown, H.P. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 6 — AQUATIC DRYOPOID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA) OF THE UNITED
STATES. University of Oklahoma, Department of Zoology, Norman OK.
Publication Mo. 18050ELD04/72. 88 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB222927
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
50 Burch, J.B. 1972. BIOTA'OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL MO. 3 — FRESHWATER SPHAERIACEAN CLAMS (MOLLUSCA: PELECYPODA)
OF NORTH AMERICA. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann
Arbor MI. Publication No. 18050ELD03/72. 36 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB222924
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
51 Cressey, R.F. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 2 — GENUS AR6ULUS (CRUSTACEA: BRANCHITURA) OF THE UNITED
STATES. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Publication No.
18050ELD02/71. 21 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB222923
Price: Paper copy $3.50, Microfiche $3.00
52 Foster, N. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 4 — FRESHWATER POLYCHAETES (ANNELIDA) OF NORTH AMERICA.
Dunbarton College, Department of Biology, Washington D.C. Publication
No. 18050ELD03/71.
Source: MTIS, No. PB222925
53 Hobbs, Jr., H.H. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 9 - CRAYFISHES (ASTACIDAE) OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA.
Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Washington
D.C. Publication No. 18050ELD02/72. 128 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB222930
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
54 Holsinger, J.R. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 5 — FRESHWATER AMPHIPOD CRUSTEACEANS (GAMMARIDAE) OF NORTH
22
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AMERICA. Old Dominion University, Department of Biology, Norfolk VA.
Publication No. 18050ELP04/71. 95 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, Mo. PB222926
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche S3.00
55 Kenk, R. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 1 — FRESHWATER PLANARIANS (TURBELLARIA) OF NORTH
AMERICA. Smithsonian Institution, Department of Invertebrate
Zoology, Washington D.C. Publication No. 18050ELD02/72. 84 j..,
Source: MTIS, Mo. PB222922
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
56 Klemm, D.J. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 8 -- FRESHWATER LEECHES (ANNELIDA: HIRUDINEA) OF NORTH
AMERICA. University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor MI.
Publication No. 18050ELD05/72. 59 p.
Source: MTIS, Mo. PB222929
Price: Paper copy$4050, Microfiche $3.00
57 Mechalas, B.J., K.K. Hekimian, L.A. Schinazi, and R.H. Dudley. 1972.
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA DATA BOOK, VOLUME 4. AM INVESTIGATION INTO
RECREATIONAL WATER QUALITY. Envirogenics Company, El Monte CA.
Publication Mo. 18040DAZ04/72. 260 p»
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB214154
Price: Paper copy $9.00, Microfiche $3.00
58 Olson, T.A. and T.O. Odlaug. 1972. LAKE SUPERIOR PERIPHYTON IN
RELATION TO WATER QUALITY. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MM.
Publication No. 18050DBM02/72. 269 p0
Source: NTIS, No. PB211185
Price: Paper copy $9.00, Microfiche $3.00
59 Williams, W.D. 1972. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 7 ~ FRESHWATER ISOPODS (ASELLIDAE) OF NORTH AMERICA.
Monash University, Department of Zoology, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,
Publication No. 18050ELD05/72. 52 p.
Source: NTIS, Mo. PB222928
Price: Paper copy$4.50, Microfiche $3.00
1975
23
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60 Banner, A. and J.A. Van Arman. 1973. THERMAL EFFECTS ON EGGS, LARVAE,
AND JUVENILES OF BLUEGILL SUNFISH. Aquatic Sciences, Inc., Boca Raton
FL. Publication No. EPA-R3-73-041.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB222675
61 Burch, J.B. 1973. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION
MANUAL NO. 11 — FRESHWATER UNIONACEAN CLAMS (MOLLUSCA: PELECYPODA)
OF NORTH AMERICA. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI. Publication
No. 18050ELD03/73. 183 p0
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB224831/AS
Price: Paper copy $7.50, Microfiche $3.00
62 Butler, R.L. 1973. FISH AND FOOD ORGANISMS IN ACID MINE WATERS OF
PENNSYLVANIA. Pennsylvania State University, University Park PA.
Publication No. EPA-R3-73-032. 158 p0
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB221515
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3.00
63 Davies, P.H. and W.H. Everhart. 1973. EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL VARIATIONS
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, VOLUME III — LEAD TOXICITY TO RAINBOW
TROUT AND TESTING APPLICATION FACTOR CONCEPT. Colorado State University,
Fort Collins CO. Publication No. EPA-R3-73-011c. 80 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221345
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
64 Everhart, H.H. and R.A. Freeman. 1973. EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL VARIATIONS
IN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, VOLUME II—TOXIC EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS ALUMINUM
TO RAINBOW TROUT. Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO. Publi-
cation No. EPA-R3-73-011b. 41 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB221344
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
65 Everhart, W.H. and B.E. May. 1973. EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL VARIATIONS IN
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS, VOLUME I-BIOTA AND CHEMISTRY OF PICEANCE CREEK.
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO and Florida Game and Fresh
Water Fish Commission, Eustis FL. Publication No. EPA-R3-73-011a. 117 p.
24
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Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB221343
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
66 Falter, C.M. and R.R. Ringe. 1973. POLLUTION EFFECTS OF ADULT
STEELHEAD MIGRATION IN THE SNAKE RIVER. University of Idaho, Moscow
ID. Publication No. EPA-660/3-73-017. 101 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB232990
Price: Paper copy $5.50, Microfiche $3.00
67 Ferris, V.R., J.M. Ferris, and J.P. Tjepkema. 1973. BIOTA OF FRESHWATER
ECOSYSTEMS. IDENTIFICATION MANUAL NO. 10 — GENERA OF FRESHWATER
NEMATODES (NEMATODA) OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA. Purdue University,
Lafayette IN. Publication No. 18050ELD01/73. 44 p0
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB224830/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
68 Fryer, J.L. and K.S. Pilcher. 1973. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON
DISEASES OF SALMONID FISHES. Oregon State University, Corvallis
OR. Publication No. EPA-660/3-73-020. 140 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB232988
Price: Paper copy $6.00, Microfiche $3.00
69 Gaufin, A.R. 1973. WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS OF AQUATIC INSECTS.
University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT. Publication No. EPA-660/3-73-004.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB228582/AS
70 Gerloff, G.C. 1973. PLANT ANALYSIS FOR NUTRIENT ASSAY OF NATURAL
WATERS. University of Wisconsin, Madison WI. Publication No. EPA-R1-
73-001. 66 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221332
Price: Paper copy$4.50, Microfiche $3.00
71 Grosse He Laboratory. 1973. FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF EPA GRANTS FUNDED
FOR IFYGL. Large Lakes Research Station (formerly the Grosse lie
Laboratory), Grosse He MI. Publication No. EPA-660/3-74-028. 351 p.
25
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Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB235947/AS
Price: Paper copy$10.50, Microfiche $3,00
72 Hinshaw, R.N. 1973. POLLUTION AS A RESULT OF FISH CULTURAL ACTIVITIES.
Utah State Division of Wildlife Resources, Salt Lake City UT.
Publication No. EPA-R3-73-009. 209 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, NO/PB221376
Price: Paper copy $7.75, Microfiche $3.00
73 Iwanaga, P.M. and J.D. Hall. 1973. EFFECTS OF LOGGING ON GROWTH OF
JUVENILE COHO SALMON. Oregon State University, Con/all is OR.
Publication No. EPA-R3-73-006. 35 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB221541
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
74 Kemp, H.T., R.L. Little, V.L. Holoman, and U.R.L. Di. 1973. WATER
QUALITY CRITERIA DATA BOOK, VOLUME 5 -- EFFECTS OF CHEMICALS ON
AQUATIC LIFE. Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus OH. Publication
Mo. 18050HLA09/73. 538 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB234435/AS
Price: Paper copy$13.00, Microfiche $3.00
75 Kleerekoper, H. 1973. EFFECTS OF COPPER ON THE LOCOMOTOR ORIENTATION
OF FISH. Texas A & M University, College Station TX. Publication No.
EPA-R3-73-045. 97 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, Mo. PB222596
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
76 Merna, J.W. and P.H. Wisele. 1973. EFFECTS OF METHOXYCHLOR ON AQUATIC
BIOTA. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MI. Publication No.
EPA-R3-73-046.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB228643
77 Palensky, J.R. 1973. IMPAIRMENT OF THE FLAVOR OF FISH BY WATER
POLLUTANTS. Oregon State University, Corvallis OR. Publication Mo.
EPA-R3-73-010. 80 p.
26
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Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221480
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3000
78 Stalnaker, C.B. and R.E. Gresswell. 1973. EARLY LIFE HISTORY AND
FEEDING OF YOUNG MOUNTAIN WHITEFISH. Utah State University, Logan UT.
Publication No. EPA-660/3-73-019. 46 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB232992
Price: Paper copy$4000, Microfiche $3»00
79 Van Der Schalie, H. and E.G. Berry. 1973. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF AQUATIC SNAILS. University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor MI. Publication No. EPA-R3-73-021. 164 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221549
Price: Paper copy $6.75, Microfiche $3000
80 Wallace, J.B. 1973. STUDIES ON SOUTHEASTERN AQUATIC INSECTS.
University of Georgia, Athens GA. Publication Mo. EPA-660/3-73-016.
Source: NTIS, No. PB232183/AS
81 Warren, C-.E., P. Duodoroff, and'D.L. Shumway. 1973. DEVELOPMENT OF
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CRITERIA FOR FRESHWATER FISH. Oregon State University,
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Corvallis OR. Publication No.
EPA-R3-73-019. 121 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221513
Price: Paper copy $5.50 Microfiche $3,00
82 Wright, J.C. and R.A. Soltero. 1973. LIMNOLOGY OF YELLOWTAIL RESERVOIR
AND THE BIGHORN RIVER. Montana State University, Bozeman, MT and
Washington State College, Eastern Cheney WA. Publication No. EPA-R3-
73-002. 105 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB221487
Price: Paper copy$5.50, Microfiche $3000
1974
27
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83 Raphael, C.N., E. Jaworski, C. Ojala, and D.S. Turner. 1974.
FUTURE DREDGING QUANTITIES IN THE GREAT LAKES. Eastern Michigan
University, Ypsilanti MI. Publication No. EPA-660/3-74-029. 233 p0
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB240741/AS
Price: Paper copy$8.00, Microfiche $3000
84 Sturrock, T. 1974. BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF AQUATIC VEGETATION.
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL. Publication Mo. EPA-660/
3-74-007. 107 p.
Source: NTIS, No. PB238909
Price: Paper copy$5.50, Microfiche $3000
85 Wezernak, C.T., D.R. Lezenga, and F.C. Polcyn. 1974. CLADOPHORA
DISTRIBUTION IN LAKE ONTARIO (IFYGL). Environmental Research Institute
of Michigan, Ypsilanti MI. Publication No. EPA-660/3-74-028. 47 p.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB239329/AS
Price: Paper copy$4„00, Microfiche $3000
1975
86 Arthur, John W., Robert W. Andrew, Vincent R. Mattson, Donald T.
Olson, Gary E. Glass, Barbara J. Halligan, and Charles T. Wai bridge.
1975. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF SEWAGE-EFFLUENT DISINFECTION TO
FRESHWATER AQUATIC LIFE. Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth
MN. Publication No. EPA-600/3-75-012.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB246901/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
87 Bannerman, R.T., D.E. Armstrong, R.F. Harris, and G.C. Holdren. 1975.
PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE AND RELEASE.BY LAKE ONTARIO SEDIMENTS. University
of Wisconsin, Madison WI. Publication No. EPA-660/3-75-006. 61 p.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, Mo. PB240614/AS
Price: Paper copy$4.50, Microfiche $3,.00
88 Brauhn, J.L. and R.A. Schoettger. 1975. ACQUISITION AND CULTURE OF
RESEARCH FISH. Fish-Pesticides Research Laboratory, U.S. Department
of the Interior, Columbia MO. Publication No. EPA-660/3-75-011. 55 p.
28
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Source: NTIS, No. PB243012/AS
Price: Paper copy $4 0 50, Microfiche $3.00
89 The Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms.
1975. METHODS FOR ACUTE TOXICITY TESTS WITH FISH, MACROINVERTEBRATES,
AND AMPHIBIANS. Environmental Research Laboratory (formerly the
National Water Quality Laboratory), Duluth MM. Publication No.
EPA-660/3-75-009.61 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
MTIS, No. PB242105/AS
Price: Paoer copy $4.50, Microfiche $3.00
90 Haile, C.L., 6.D. Veith, G.F. Lee, and W.C. Boyle. 1975. CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS IN LAKE ONTARIO ECOSYSTEMS (IFYGL). University of Wisconsin,
Madison WI. Publication No. EPA-660/3-75-022. 35 p.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB243364/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
91 Martin, D.B. and J.F. Novotny. 1975. STUDIES TO DETERMINE METHODS
FOR CULTURING THREE FRESHWATER ZOOPLANKTON SPECIES. U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, Yankton S.D. Publication No. EPA-660/3-75-010. 33 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PR242764/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
92 Mayer, Jr., Foster L., Paul M. Mehrle, Jr., and William P. Dwyer.
1975. TOXAPHENE EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTION, GROWTH, AND MORTALITY OF
BROOK TROUT. Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory, Columbia MO.
Publication No. EPA-600/3-75-013. 42 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB238511/AS
Price: Paper copy $4.00, Microfiche $3.00
93 McNaught, D.C., M. Buzzard, and S. Levine. 1975. ZOOPLANKTON
PRODUCTION IN LAKE ONTARIO AS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL PERTURBATIONS.
State University of New York, Albany N.Y. Publication No. EPA-660/
3-75-021. 166 p.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB244414/AS
Price: Paper copy $6.75 , Microfiche $3.00
29
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94 Murphy, T.J. and P.V. Doskey. 1975. INPUTS OF PHOSPHORUS FROM
PRECIPITATION TO LAKE MICHIGAN. DePaul University, Chicago IL.
Publication No. EPA-600/3-75-005. 189 p.
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB241046/AS
Price: Paper copy $7.50, Microfiche $3.00
95 Smith, Jr., L.L. and W.M. Koenst. 1975. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON EGGS
AND FRY OF PERCOID FISHES. University of Minnesota, St. Paul MN.
Publication No. EPA-660/3-75-017. 91 p.
Source: ERL-D -or-
NTIS, No. PB241635/AS
Price: Paper copy $5.00, Microfiche $3.00
96 Stoermer, E.F., M.M. Bowman, J.C. Kingston, and A.L. Schaedel. 1975.
PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE IN LAKE ONTARIO DURING IFYGL.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI. Publication No. EPA-660/
3-75-004. 381 p0
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB241009/AS
Price: Paper copy$10.75, Microfiche $3.00
97 Thomann, R.V., R.P. Winfield, and O.M. DiToro. 1975. MATHEMATICAL
MODELING OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN LAKE ONTARIO. PART I - MODEL DEVELOPMENT
AND VERIFICATION. Manhattan College, Bronx NY. Publication No.
EPA-660/3-75-005. 189 p«
Source: LLRS -or-
NTIS, No. PB241046/AS
Price: Paper copy $7.50, Microfiche $3.00
30
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JOURflRL RRTKL6S
All articles in this section have been authored and published in the open
scientific literature by staff members of the Duluth facility and its field
stations. Limited quantities of reprints are available for some articles,
and those publications identified as an ERL-D reprint can be requested by
that number from the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth, 6201 Congdon
Boulevard, Duluth MN 55804. All articles not identified as an ERL-D reprint
can be seen in the professional journals held by most major libraries, parti-
cularly those at colleges and universities.
1976
98 Benoit, D.A. 1976. TOXIC EFFECTS OF HFXAVALEMT CHROMIUM ON BROOK
TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) AND RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI).
Water Res. 10: 497-500.(TRL-D Reprint #138)
Exposing brook trout to various concentrations of chromium
[CR(VI)] for up to 22 months (including reproduction) significantly
increased alevin mortality at 0.35 mg Cr/1 and retarded growth of
young brook trout at the lowest concentration tested (0.01 mg
Cr/1). Eight month exposures of rainbow trout significantly
increased alevin mortality at 0.34 mg Cr/1 and also retarded
growth at the lowest concentration tested (0.10 mg Cr/1). Exposures
of brook trout lasting 22 months shov/ed, however, that growth was
only temporarily affected, and therefore it was not used as an
end point to measure the effects of chromium on either species.
Reproduction and embryo hatchability of brook trout were unaffected
at Cr(VI) concentrations that affected survival of newly hatched
alevins. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC)
for brook and rainbow trout exposed to Cr(VI) in water with a
hardness of 45 mg/1 (as CaCOo) and a pH range of 7-8 lies between
0.20 and 0.35 mg Cr/1. The 96-h LC50 for brook and rainbow trout
was 59 and 69 mg Cr/1, respectively; therefore, the application
factor (MATC/96-h LC50) for both species lies between 0.003 and
0.006.
Source: ERL-D
99 Benoit, D.A., E.N. Leonard, G.M. Christensen, and J.T. Fiandt. 1976.
TOXIC EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON THREE GENERATIONS OF BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS
FONTINALIS). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105(4): 550-560. (ERL-D Reprint
#149)
31
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Three generations of brook trout (Salveilnus fontinails) were
exposed to several concentrations of total cadmium (0.06-6.4 yg
Cd/liter). Significant numbers of first- and second-generation
adult males died during spawning at 3.4 yg Cd/liter. This concen-
tration also significantly retarded growth of juvenile second-
and third-generation offspring. The maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) for brook trout exposed to cadmium in Lake
Superior water (hardness 44 mg/liter as CaC03, pH 7-8) lies between
1.7 and 3.4 yg Cd/liter. Cadmium-residue analyses of kidney,
liver, and gill tissue accumulated the greatest amounts of cadmium
at each water exposure concentration. No significant increases
in cadmium were measured in edible muscle at any of the cadmium
water concentrations tested. Cadmium residues in kidney, liver,
and gill tissue of fish from all exposure concentrations reached
equilibrium (yg Cd/g tissue) in both first- and second-generation
trout after 20 weeks. Cadmium loss from gill tissue of second-
generation trout placed in control water for 12 weeks was rapid;
however, no loss was detectable from the liver and kidney.
Source: ERL-D
100 Biesinger, Kenneth E., Armond E. Lemke, Wesley E. Smith, and Robert
M. Tyo. 1976. COMPARATIVE TOXICITY OF POLYELECTROLYTES TO SELECTED
AQUATIC ANIMALS. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 48(1): 183-187.
(ERL-D Reprint #137)
Although polyelectrolytes are widely used to control solids
in potable water and municipal wastewater, very few studies have
been made to assess their toxicity to aquatic animals. Consequent-
ly, the authors tested the acute toxicity of several polyelectrolytes
to rainbow trout, lake trout, a mysid, a copepod, and a cladoceran
in Lake Superior water. They also tested the chronic toxicity of
three of these compounds to Daphnia magna to study possible effects
on reproduction. Their results indicated that some of the
cationic polyelectrolytes tested were toxic at concentrations that
might cause serious problems to aquatic life.
Source: ERL-D
101 Brungs, W.A., J.R. Geckler, and M. Gast. 1976. ACUTE AND CHRONIC
TOXICITY OF COPPER TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW IN A SURFACE WATER OF VARIABLE
QUALITY. Water Res. 10(1): 37-43. (ERL-D Reprint #131)
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with the
fathead minnow and copper. Used as the source of dilution water
was a natural stream to which a sewage treatment plant upstream
contributed a variety of materials known to affect acute copper
toxicity. Nominal total copper 96-h median tolerance limit
values (96-h TL50), determined with static testing procedures,
ranged from 1.6 to 21 mg/1. Dissolved copper 96-h T150 values
32
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ranged from 0.60 to 0.98 mg/1. The maximum acceptable toxicant
concentration (MATC) based on survival, growth, reproduction,
and hatchability of eggs was between 0.066 and 0.118 mg/1.
Source: ERL-D
102 Christensen, G.M. and J.H. Tucker. EFFECTS OF SELECTED WATER
TOXICANTS ON THE IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF FISH CARBONIC ANHYDRASE. Chem.-
Biol. Interactions TsIZj: 181-192. (ERL-D Reprint #135)
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydro-lyase EC 4.2.1.1)
from lysed red blood cells of the channel catfish (Ictalurus
punctatus) was studied to determine physico-chemical kinetic
properties and relative sensitivity to 56 chemicals of signifi-
cance in water quality research. In general, enzyme activity was
strongly reduced by heavy metal inorganic cations; less strongly
by organometallic cations, some anions, and certain pesticides;
and weakly inhibited by light metal cations and organometallic
and organic compounds. Dose - response curves were qualitatively
similar in most cases.
Source: ERL-D
103 Holcombe, 6.W., D.A. Benoit, E.N. Leonard, and J.M. McKim. 1976.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF LEAD EXPOSURE ON THREE GENERATIONS OF BROOK TROUT
(SALVELINUS FONTINALIS). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33(8): 1731-1741.
(ERL-D Reprint #144)
Exposure of three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus
fontinalis) to mean total lead concentrations (0.9-474 yg/1) showed
that all second-generation trout exposed to 235 and 474 yg Pb/1 and
34% of those exposed to 119 yg Pb/1 developed severe spinal deform-
ities (scoliosis). Scoliosis also appeared in 21% of the newly
hatched third-generation alevins exposed to 119 yg Pb/1, and weights
of these fish 12 wk after hatch were significantly reduced. Gill,
liver, and kidney tissues of first- and second-generation brook
trout accumulated the greatest amount of lead. Only small amounts
accumulated in the edible muscle. An equilibrium of lead residues
was reached in liver and kidney tissue from second-generation fish
after 70 wk of exposure, but not in gill tissue. Fish exposed to
119 yg Pb/1 and then placed in uncontaminated control water for
12 wk showed a 70, 78, and 74% loss in micrograms Pb per gram for
gill, liver, and kidney tissue, respectively, and a 39, 56, and
35% loss, respectively, in the total micrograms of Pb in the whole
tissue. Residue analysis of eggs, alevins, and juveniles showed
that lead was accumulated during these life stages. The maximum
acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for brook trout in water
with a hardness of 44 mg/1 (as CaC03) and a pH of 6.8-7 lies
between 59 and 119 yg/1 for total lead and between 39 and 84 yg/1
for dissolved lead. The MATC was based on the development of
33
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scoliosis in second- and third-generation fish and the reduced
total growth of 12-wk-old third-generation trout.
Source: ERL-D
104 Kuehl, D.W., H.L. Kopperman, G.D. Veith, and G.E. Glass. 1976.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYCHLORINATED STYRENES IN GREAT
LAKES FISH. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16(2): 127-132. (ERL-D
Reprint #141)
A previously unreported compound type, the polychlorinated
styrenes, have been isolated and identified in fish from Lake
Ontario, Lake Huron, and the Detroit River. Octachlorostyrene has
been synthesized to confirm its presence by gas chromatographic
and mass spectral data.
Source: ERL-D
105 McCormick, J. Howard and Charles F. Kleiner. 1976. GROWTH AND SURVIVAL
OF YOUNG-OF-THE-YEAR EMERALD SHINERS (NOTROPIS ATHERINOIDES) AT DIFFERENT
TEMPERATURES. 0. Fish Res. Board Can. 33(4): 839-842.[ERL-D Reprint
#136)
Young-of-the-year emerald shiners (Notropis atherinoides)
were exposed to mean constant temperatures of 6.9, 11.9, 16.0,
19.8, 24.0, 26.9, 28.9, 31.0, 32.8, 34.9 and 36.7 C for 6 wk.
Maximum rates of growth and net biomass gain occurred at 28.9 C,
but these rates were not statistically greater (P>0.05) than
those at 26.9 and 24.0 C. Death rates were low at test temperatures
up to 32.8 C but high at 34.9 C and above. The upper incipient
7-day TL50 was estimated to be 35.2. The 1-day TL50 of fish
taken from the natural habitat, where peak daily temperatures
ranged between 20 and 25 C during the preceding few days, was
32.6 C. Natural production of this important forage species would
probably be best where temperatures are at least 19 C but not
above 29 C for extended periods.
Source: ERL-D
106 McKim, J.M., R.L. Anderson, D.A. Benoit, R.L. Spehar, and G.N. Stokes.
1976. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FRESHWATER FISH. J. Water Pollut.
Control Fed. 48(6): 1544-1620. (ERL-D Reprint #139)
This extensive literature review, including 480 references,
discusses the effects of pollutants (metals, pesticides, detergents,
industrial wastes) on freshwater fish. Other topics include
chemical and biological methods for identifying and determining
the effects of such pollutants and the effects of the water
quality parameters (salinity, oxygen, and pH) on freshwater fish.
Source: ERL-D
34
-------
107 McKim, J.M., G.F. Olson, G.W. Holcombe, and E.P. Hunt. 1976. LONG-
TERM EFFECTS OF METHYLMERCURIC CHLORIDE ON THREE GENERATIONS OF BROOK
TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS): TOXICITY, ACCUMULATION, DISTRIBUTION,
AND ELIMINATION. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33: 2726-2739. (ERL-D
Reprint #150)
During a 144-wk period three generations of brook trout
(Salvelinus fontinalis) were continuously exposed to mean water
concentrations of methymercuric chloride (MMC) of 2.93, 0.93, 0.29,
0.03, and 0.010 (control) yg Hg/liter. During the first 39 wk,
the highest concentration (2.93 ug Hg/liter) produced deformities
and 88% mortality of first-generation adults. At an MMC concentra-
tion of 0.93 yg Hg/liter, second-generation trout developed
deformities and all but one female died during the 108 wk exposure.
No significant effects on survival, growth, or reproduction of
second-generation trout were noted at any of the lower MMC
concentrations. No toxic symptoms were observed in the third
generation at the three lowest MMC concentrations. The maximum ac-
ceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for brook trout exposed
to MMC in this water with a hardness of 45 mg/liter (as Ca^)
and a pH of 7.5 fell between 0.93 and 0.29 yg Hg/liter. The mean
96-h LC50 for yearling (200 g) and 20-wk-old (12 g) juvenile brook
trout exposed to MMC was 75.0 yg Hg/liter, and the application
factor (MATC/96-h LC50) lies between 0.004 and 0.013. The accumu-
lation rate of mercury by eight selected tissues of first-generation
trout exposed to MMC was relatively rapid at all MMC concentrations
tested. The 2-wk tissue Hg:water Hg concentration factors ranged
from 1 x 103 to 12 x 103, depending on the tissue, whereas after
28 to 38 wk of exposure the maximum tissue Hg:water Hg concentration
factors for both first- and second-generation trout ranged from
6.9 x 103 to 6.3 x
Source: ERL-D
108 Nebeker, A.V. 1976. SURVIVAL OF DAPHNIA, CRAYFISH, AND STONEFLIES
IN AIR-SUPERSATURATED WATER. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33(6):
1208-1212. (ERL-D Reprint #150)
Daphm'a magna, the crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, and
nymphs of the stoneflies, Acroneuri a cal i form' ca, A. pacifica, and
Pteronarcys californica were tested in the laboratory to determine
their survival in different concentrations of air-supersaturated
water. The mean 96-h LC50 value (lethal concentration, 50% mortal-
ity) for D. magna was 122.5% total air saturation. The 7-day LC50
was 120% and the 10-day LC50 was 117.5%. The mean 96-h LC50 for
crayfish was 147% total air saturation. The 7-day LC50 was 145%
and the 10-day LC50 was 133%. The 10-day EC50 values (effective
concentration, 50% immobilized) for stoneflies were 135% for A.
californica and greater than 125% for A_._ pacifica and P. californica.
Bubbles (emboli) were observed in body fluids and tissues, and
general body distention occurred before death om Daphnia, crayfish,
35
-------
and stone-flies. Lethal threshold concentrations for Daphnia and
crayfish were near 111 and 127%, respectively.
Source: ERL-D Librarian
109 Smith, Wesley E. 1976. LARVAL FEEDING AND RAPID MATURATION OF BLUEGILLS
IN THE LABORATORY. Prog. Fish-Cult. 38(2): 95-97. (ERL-D Reprint #148)
Bluegill larvae were raised in the laboratory with a high
percentage of survival using newly hatched San Francisco brine
shrimp nauplii as a first food. Utah brine shrimp nauplii and
older San Francisco nauplii were too large for a bluegill first
food. Bluegills were raised to maturity in 4-6 months.
Source: ERL-D
110 Spehar, Robert L. 1976. CADMIUM AND ZINC TOXICITY TO J.ORDANELLA
FLORIDAE. J. Fish Res. Board Can. 33: 1939-1945. (ERL-D Reprint #145)
Cadmium and zinc toxicity to the flagfish (Jordanella floridae)
was determined on the basis of 96-h median lethal concentrations
(LC50) and significant decreases (P = 0.05) in survival, growth,
and reproduction over the complete life cycle of the fish. The
96-h LC50 values for cadmium and zinc to juvenile flagfish were
2,500 and 1,500 yg/1, respectively. In chronic tests, reproduction
was the most sensitive indicator of cadmium toxicity and was
inhibited at 8.1 yg/1. Tissue-concentration analysis showed that
fish exposed to concentrations of 1.7 yg/1 and above accumulated
significantly greater amounts of cadmium than those in the controls.
In zinc tests, survival of larvae (not exposed as embryos) and
growth of females were the most sensitive measure of zinc toxicity
and were reduced at respective concentrations of 85 and 51 yg/1.
Significant uptake of zinc occurred in fish exposed to concentrations
of 47 yg/1 and above. The lowest cadmium and zinc concentrations
causing adverse effects to the flagfish were similar to those
affecting other fish species. Application factors for both metals
were similar to those reported for cadmium exposed bluegills
(Lepomis macrochirus) and zinc exposed fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas) in hard water.
Source: ERL-D
1967
111 Brungs, William A. and Donald I. Mount. 1967. A DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS
TREATMENT OF FISH IN HOLDING CHAMBERS. Trans. Amer. Fish Sec. 96:
55-57.
36
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112 Brungs, William A. and Donald I. Mount. 1967. LETHAL ENDRIN CONCENTRA-
TION IN THE BLOOD OF GIZZARD SHAD. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 24:
429-432.
113 Mount, Donald I. and William A. Brungs. 1967. A SIMPLIFIED DOSING
APPARATUS FOR FISH TOXICOLOGY STUDIES. Water Res. 1: 21-29. (ERL-D
Reprint #13)
114 Mount, Donald I. and Charles E. Stephan. 1967. A METHOD FOR DETECTING
CADMIUM POISONING IN FISH. J. Wild. 31: 168-172.
115 Mount, Donald I. and Charles E. Stephan. 1967. A METHOD FOR ESTABLISH-
ING ACCEPTABLE TOXICANT LIMITS FOR FISH — MALATHION AND THE BUTOXETHANOL
ESTER OF 2,4-D. Trans. Am. Fish Soc. 96: 185-193.
1968
116 Cowles, Edward J., Glenn M. Christensen and A.C. Hi 1 ding. 1968.
DETECTION OF INDOLEAMINES AND CATECHOLAMINES ON CHROMATOGRAMS BY HEAT-
ING WITH PARAFORMALDEHYDE. J. Chromatgr. 35: 389-395.
117 Hale, John G. 1968. OBSERVATIONS ON BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS,
SPAWNING IN 10-GALLON AQUARIA. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 97:299-300.
118 Hoadley, Alfred W. 1968. ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
IN SURFACE WATERS. J. N. Engl. Water Works Assoc. No. 6.
119 Mount, Donald I. 1968. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF COPPER TO FATHEAD MINNOWS
(PIMEPALES PROMELAS, RAFINESQUE). Water Res. 2:215-223.
120 Nebeker, Alan V. and Armod E. Lemke. 1968. PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE
TOLERANCE OF AQUATIC INSECTS TO HEATED WATERS. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc.
41: 413-418.
121 Pickering, Quentin H. 1968. SOME EFFECTS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRA-
TIONS UPON THE TOXICITY OF ZINC TO THE BLUEGILL, LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS, RAF.
Water Res. 2: 187-194.
1969
122 Arthur, John W. and William B. Horning II. 1969. THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL
SUBSTRATES IN POLLUTION SURVEYS. Am. Mid. Nat. 82: 83-89.
123 Bell, Henry L. 1969. EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE TYPES ON AQUATIC INSECT
DISTRIBUTION. J. Minn. Acad. Sci. 35(2): 3.
124 Bell, Henry L. and Alan V. Nebeker. 1969. PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE
TOLERANCE OF AQUATIC INSECTS TO LOW pH. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 42:
230-236.
37
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125 Benoit, Duane A., Roll F. Syrett and John 6. Hale. 1969. AUTOMATIC
LIVE BRINE SHRIMP FEEDER. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 272-279.
126 Brungs, William A. 1969. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF ZINC TO THE FATHEAD
MINNOW, PIMEPHALES PROMELAS RAFINESQUE. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98:
272-279.
127 Hale, John 6. and Donald A. Hi!den. 1969. SPAWNING AND SOME ASPECTS
OF EARLY LIFE HISTORY OF BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS (MITCHELL),
IN THE LABORATORY. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 473-477.
128 Lemke, Armond E. 1969. A WATER HARDENER FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE. J.
Am. Water Works Assoc. 61: 415-416.
129 Lemke, Armond E. and Vincent R. Mattson. 1969. AN EMERGENCE TRAP FOR
AQUATIC INSECTS. Mich. Entomol. 2: 19-21.
130 Mount, Donald I. and Harvey W. Boyle. 1969. PARATHION — USE OF BLOOD
CONCENTRATION TO DIAGNOSE MORTALITY OF FISH. Environ. Sci. Techno!.
3: 1183-1185.
131 Mount, Donald I. and Charles E. Stephan. 1969. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF
COPPER TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS) IN SOFT WATER. J.
Fish. Res. Board Can. 26: 2449-2457.
132 Warnick, Stephen L. and Henry L. Bell. 1969. THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF
SOME HEAVY METALS TO DIFFERENT SPECIES OF AQUATIC INSECTS. J. Water
Pollut. Control Fed. 41(2): 280-284.
I97O
133 Arthur, John W. 1970. CHRONIC EFFECTS OF LINEAR ALKYLATE SULFONATE
DETERGENT ON GAMMARUS PSEUDOLIMNAEUS, CAMPELOMA DECISUM AND PHYSA
INTEGRA. Water Res. 4: 251-257.
134 Arthur, John W. and Edward N. Leonard. 1970. EFFECTS OF COPPER ON
GAMMARUS PSEUDOLIMNAEUS, PHYSA INTEGRA, AND CAMPELOMA DECISUM IN SOFT
WATER. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 1277-1283.
135 Bell, Henry L. 1970. EFFECTS OF pH ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE MIDGE
TANYTARSUS DISSIMILIS. Can. Entomol. 102: 636-639.
136 Brungs, William A. and Donald I. Mount. 1970. A WATER DELIVERY
SYSTEM FOR SMALL FISH-HOLDING TANKS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99: 799-
802.
137 Drummond, Robert A. and Walter F. Dawson. 1970. AN INEXPENSIVE METHOD
FOR SIMULATING DIEL PATTERNS OF LIGHTING IN THE LABORATORY. Trans. Am.
Fish. Soc. 99: 434-435.
38
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138 Eaton, John G. 1970. CHRONIC MALATHION TOXICITY TO THE BLUEGILL
(LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS, RAFINESQUE). Water Res. 4:673-684.
139 Hale, John G. 1970. CULTURE OF LAKE HERRING IN THE LABORATORY. Prog.
Fish-Cult. 32: 217-221.
140 Hale, John G. 1970. WHITE SUCKER SPAWNING AND CULTURE OF THE YOUNG IN
THE LABORATORY. Prog. Fish-Cult. 32: 169.
141 Hale, John G. and Donald A. Hi!den. 1970. THE INFLUENCE OF FLOW ON
THE SPAWNING OF BROOK TROUT IN THE LABORATORY. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc.
99: 595-597.
142 McKim, James M., Glenn M. Christensen, and Evelyn P. Hunt. 1970.
CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS) AFTER SHORT-
TERM AND LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO COPPER. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27:
1883-1889.
143 Pickering, Quentin H. and Thomas 0. Thatcher. 1970. THE CHRONIC
TOXICITY OF LINEAR ALKYLATE SULFONATE (LAS) TO PIMEPHALES PROMELAS
RAFINESQUE. J. Water Poll lit. Control Fed. 42: 243-254.
144 Smith, Wesley E. 1970. TOLERANCE OF MYSIS RELICTA TO THERMAL SHOCK
AND LIGHT. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 99: 418-422.
1971
145 Anderson, Richard L. 1971. TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION IN TRIBOLIUM AND
MUSCA AT LOCOMOTORY, METABOLIC AND ENZYME LEVELS. J. Insect Physio!.
17: 2205-2219.
146 Bell, Henry L. 1971. EFFECT OF LOW pH ON THE SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCE
OF AQUATIC INSECTS. Water Res. 5: 313-319.
147 Brungs, William A. 1971. BOOK REVIEW: ELECTRIC POWER AND THERMAL
DISCHARGES (Merrill Eisenbud and George Gleason, eds.). Gordon and
Breach, New York, NY. 424 p. Science 172: 465.
148 Brungs, William A. 1971. CHRONIC EFFECTS OF LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS ON THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS). Trans.
Am. Fish. Soc. 28: 1119-1123.
149 Brungs, William A. 1971. CHRONIC EFFECTS OF CONSTANT ELEVATED
TEMPERATURES ON THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS). Trans. Am.
Fish. Soc. 100: 659-664.
150 Christensen, Glenn M. 1971. EFFECTS OF METAL CATIONS AND OTHER
CHEMICALS UPON THE IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF TWO ENZYMES IN THE BLOOD PLASMA
OF THE WHITE SUCKER. Chem.-Biol. Interactions. 4: 351-361.
39
-------
151 Hokanson, Kenneth E. F. and Lloyd L. Smith, Jr. 1971. SOME FACTORS
INFLUENCING TOXICITY OF LINEAR ALKYLATE SULFONATE (LAS) TO THE BLUEGILL.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 100: 1-12.
152 McCormick, J. Howard, Bernard R. Jones and Roll F. Syrett. 1971.
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF LARVAL CISCOS
(CQREGONUS ARTEDII). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28: 924-927.
153 McKim, James M. and Duane A. Benoit. 1971. EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM
EXPOSURES TO COPPER ON THE SURVIVAL, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTION OF
BROOK TROUT. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 28: 655-662.
154 Nebeker, Alan V. 1971. EFFECT OF HIGH WINTER WATER TEMPERATURES ON
ADULT EMERGENCE OF AQUATIC INSECTS. Water Res. 5: 777-783.
155 Nebeker, Alan V. 1971. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AT DIFFERENT ALTITUDES
ON THE EMERGENCE OF AQUATIC INSECTS FROM A SINGLE STREAM. J. Kans.
Entomol. Soc. 44: 26-35. ^
156 Nebeker, Alan V. 1971. EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE ON NYMPHAL FEED-
ING RATE, EMERGENCE, AND ADULT LONGEVITY OF THE STONEFLY PTERONARCYS
DORSATA. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 44: 21-26.
157 Spoor, William A., Timothy W. Neiheisel, and Robert A. Drummond. 1971.
AN ELECTRODE CHAMBER FOR RECORDING RESPIRATORY AND OTHER MOVEMENTS OF
FREE-SWIMMING ANIMALS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 100: 22-28.
1972
158 Biesinger, Kenneth E. and Glenn M. Christensen. 1972. EFFECTS OF
VARIOUS METALS ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND METABOLISM OF
DAPHNIA MAGNA. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 1691-1700.
159 Bouck, Gerald R. 1972. EFFECTS OF DIURNAL HYPOXIA ON ELECTROPHORETIC
PROTEIN FRACTIONS AND OTHER HEALTH PARAMETERS OF ROCK BASS (AMBLOPLITES
RUPESTRIS). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101(3): 488-493.
160 Carlson, Anthony R. and John G. Hale. 1972. SUCCESSFUL SPAWNING OF
LARGEMOUTH BASS, MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES (LACEPEDE) UNDER LABORATORY
CONDITIONS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101: 539-542.
161 Christensen, Glenn M., James M. McKim, William A. Brungs and Evelyn
P Hunt 1972. CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE BROWN BULLHEAD (ICTALURUS
NEBULOSUS. - LESUEUR) FOLLOWING SHORT AND LONG-TERM EXPOSURE TO COPPER
(11)7 Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 23: 417-427.
162 .Hale, John G. and Anthony R. Carlson. 1972. CULTURE OF THE YELLOW
PERCH IN THE LABORATORY. Prog. Fish.-Cult. 34: 195-198.
163 Inrtay, Marc J. and M. Paige. 1972. LABORATORY GROWTH OF FRESHWATER
SPONGES, UNIONID MUSSELS, AND SPHAERIID CLAMS. Prog. Fish. Cult. 34:
210-216.
40
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164 Pickering, Quentin H. and Marion H. Gast. 1972. ACUTE AND CHRONIC
TOXICITY OF CADMIUM TO THE FATHEAD MINNOW, PIMEPHALES PROMELAS. J. Fish.
Res. Board Can. 29: 1099-1106.
165 Spoor, William A. and Robert A. Drummond. 1972. AN ELECTRODE FOR
DETECTING MOVEMENT IN GRADIENT TANKS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101: 714-
715.
166 Syrett, Roll F. and Walter F. Dawson. 1972. AN INEXPENSIVE ELECTRONIC
RELAY FOR PRECISE WATER-TEMPERATURE CONTROL. Prog. Fish-Cult. 34:
241-242.
167 Veith, Gilman D. 1972. RECENT FLUCTUATIONS OF CHLOROBIPHENYLS (PCB'S)
IN THE GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN, REGION. Environ. Health Perspect. 1: 51-
54.
168 Nebeker, Alan V. 1972. EFFECT OF LOW OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON SURVIVAL
AND EMERGENCE OF AQUATIC INSECTS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101: 675-679.
1973
169 Benoit, Duane A. and Frank A. Puglisi. 1973. A SIMPLIFIED FLOW-SPLITTING
CHAMBER AND SIPHON FOR PROPORTIONAL DILUTERS. Water Res. 7: 1915-1916.
(ERL-D Reprint #97)
170 Brungs, William A., Edward N. Leonard and James M. McKim. 1973. ACUTE
AND LONG-TERM ACCUMULATION OF COPPER BY THE BROWN BULLHEAD, ICTALURUS
NEBULOSUS. J. Fish. Res.'Board Can. 30: 583-586.
171 Carlson, Anthony R. 1973. INDUCED SPAWNING OF LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERU:
SALMOIDES). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102(2): 442-444. (ERL-D Reprint #85)
172 Carlson, Anthony R. and John G. Hale. 1973. EARLY MATURATION OF BROOK
TROUT IN THE LABORATORY. Prog. Fish-Cult. 35(3): 150-153.
173 Drummond, Robert A., William A. Spoor and Gayle F. Olson. 1973. SOME
SHORT-TERM INDICATORS OF SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF COPPER ON BROOK TROUT,
SALVELINUS FONTINALIS. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 698-701.
174 Gast, Marion and William S. Brungs. 1973. A PROCEDURE FOR SEPARATING
EGGS OF THE FATHEAD MINNOW. Prog. Fish-Cult. 35: 54.
175 Hermanutz, Roger 0., Leonard H. Mueller, and Kenneth D. Kempfert. 1973.
CAPTAN TOXICITY TO FATHEAD MINNOW-S (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS), BLUEGILLS
(LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS), AND BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS). J. Fish.
Res. Board Can. 30(12): 1811-1817. (ERL-D Reprintl99l
176 Hokanson, Kenneth E. F., J. Howard McCormick and Bernard R. Jones. 1973.
TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS FOR EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF THE NORTHERN PIKE, ESOX
LUCIUS (LINNAEUS). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102: 89-100.
41
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177 Hokanson, Kenneth E. F., J. Howard McCormick, Bernard R. Jones and James
H. Tucker. 1973. THERMAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MATURATION, SPAWNING, AND
EMBRYO SURVIVAL OF THE BROOK TROUT, SALVELIHUS FONTINALIS. J. Fish.
Res. Board Can. 30(7): 975-984. (ERL-D Reprint #89)
178 Horning, William R. II, and R.E. Pearson. 1973. GROWTH TEMPERATURE
REQUIREMENTS AND LOWER LETHAL TEMPERATURES FOR JUVENILE SMALLMOUTH
BALL (MICROPTERUS DOLOMIEUI). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30(8):
1226-1230:
179 Imlay, Marc J. 1973. EFFECTS OF POTASSIUM ON SURVIVAL AND DISTRIBUTION
OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS. Malacologia 12(1): 97-113.
180 McKim, James M., Glenn M. Christensen, James H. Tucker, Duane A. Benoit,
and Mary J. Lewis. 1973. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FRESHWATER FISH - A
LITERATURE REVIEW. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 45(6): 1370-1407.
(ERL-D Reprint #90)
181 Mount, Donald I. 1973. CHRONIC EFFECT OF LOW pH ON FATHEAD MINNOW
SURVIVAL, GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION. Water Res. 7: 987-993. (ERL-D
Reprint #92)
182 Nebeker, Alan V. 1973. TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS AND LIFE CYCLE OF
THE MIDGE TANYTARSUS DISSIMILIS. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 46(2): 160-165.
183 Siefert, Richard E., William A. Spoor, and Roll F. Syrett. 1973. EFFECTS
OF REDUCED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON NORTHERN PIKE (ESOX LUCIUS) EMBRYOS
AND LARVAE. J. Fish Res. Board Can. 30(6): 849-852.
184 Smith, Wesley E. 1973. A CYPRINODONTID FISH, JORDANELLA FLORIDAE, AS
REFERENCE ANIMAL FOR RAPID CHRONIC BIOASSAYS. J. Fish. Res. Board Can.
30: 329-330.
185 Smith, Wesley E. 1973. THERMAL TOLERANCE OF TWO SPECIES OF GAMMARUS.
Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102(2): 431-433.
1974
186 Arthur, John W., Armond E. Lemke, Vincent R. Mattson and Barbara J.
Halligan. 1974. TOXICITY OF SODIUM NITRILOTRIACETATE (NTA) TO THE
FATHEAD MINNOW AND AN AMPHIPOD IN SOFT WATER. Water Res. 8: 187-193.
(ERL-D Reprint #104)
187 Benoit, Duane A. 1974. ARTIFICIAL LABORATORY SPAWNING SUBSTRATE FOR
BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS, M.) Trans. Am. Fish.Soc. 103(1):
144-145. (ERL-D Reprint #100)
188 Biesinger, Kenneth E., Robert W. Andrew and John W. Arthur. 1974.
CHRONIC TOXICITY OF NTA (NITRILOTRIACETATE) AND METAL-NTA COMPLEXES TO
DAPHNIA MAGNA. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31(4): 486-490. (ERL-D
Reprint fFoTT
42
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189 Carlson, Anthony R. and Richard E. Siefert. 1974. EFFECTS OF REDUCED
OXYGEN ON THE EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF ALKE TROUT (SALVELINUS NAMAYCUSH)
AND LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES). J. Fish. Res. Board Can.
31(8): 1393-1396. (ERL-D Reprint #117)
190 Carlson, Anthony R., Richard E. Siefert and Lawrence J. Herman. 1974.
EFFECTS OF LOWERED DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON CHANNEL CATFISH
(ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) EMBRYOS AMD LARVAE. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(3):
623-626. (ERL-D Reprint #113)
191 Cook, Philip M., Gary E. Glass and James H. Tucker. 1974. ASBESTIFORM
AMPHIBOLE MINERALS: DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONS
IN MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLIES. Science.185: 853-855. (ERL-D Reprint #112)
192 Davies, Tudor T. and Nelson A. Thomas. 1974. THE U.S. CHEMISTRY-
BIOLOGY PROGRAM IN THE INTERNATIONAL FIELD YEAR FOR THE GREAT LAKES.
Mar. Techno!. Soc. J. 8(1): 23-24.
193 Drummond, Robert A. and Walter F. Dawson. 1974. AN INEXPENSIVE SOLID-
STATE AMPLIFIER FOR DETECTING MOVEMENTS AND ELECTRICAL POTENTIALS OF
FISH. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(2): 391-392. (ERL-D Reprint #108)
194 Drummond, Robert A., Gayle F. Olson, and Allan R. Batterman. 1974.
COUGH RESPONSE AND UPTAKE OF MERCURY BY BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS
FONTINALIS, EXPOSED TO MERCURIC COMPOUNDS AT DIFFERENT HYDROGEN-ION
CONCENTRATIONS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(2): 244-249. (ERL-D Reprint #107)
195 Eaton, John G. 1974. CHRONIC CADMIUM TOXICITY TO THE BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS
MACROCHIRUS, RAFINESQUE). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(4): 729-735.
(ERL-D Reprint #115)
196 Kuehl, Douglas W., Gary E. Glass, and Frank A. Puglisi. 1974. AUTOMATIC
HIGH TEMPERATURE VENT SYSTEM FOR A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH/MASS SPECTROMETER
INTERFACE. Anal. Chem. 46(6): 804-805. (ERL-D Reprint #105)
197 McKim, James M. and Duane A. Benoit. 1974. DURATION OF TOXICITY TESTS
FOR ESTABLISHING "NO EFFECT" CONCENTRATIONS FOR COPPER WITH BROOK TROUT.
J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31(4): 449-452. (ERL-D Reprint #102)
198 McKim, James M., Glenn M. Christensen, James M. Tucker, Duane A. Benoit,
and Mary J. Lewis. 1974. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION OF FRESHWATER FISH. J.
Water Pollut. Control Fed. 46(6): 1540-1591. (ERL-D Reprint #106)
199 Nebeker, Alan V. and Frank A. Puglisi. 1974. EFFECT OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS (PCB'S) ON SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF DAPHNIA, GAMMARUS,
AND TANYTARSUS. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(4): 722-728. (ERL-D Reprint
#1161
200 Nebeker, Alan V., Frank A. Puglisi and David L. DeFoe. 1974. EFFECT
OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL COMPOUNDS ON SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTION OF
THE FATHEAD MINNOW AND FLAGFISH. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103(3): 562-568.
(ERL-D Reprint #114)
43
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201 Pickering, Quentin. 1974. CHRONIC TOXICITY OF NICKEL TO THE FATHEAD
MINNOW. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 46(4): 760-765.
202 Siefert, Richard E., Anthony R. Carlson and Lawrence J. Herman. 1974.
EFFECTS OF REDUCED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS ON THE EARLY LIFE STAGES OF
MOUNTAIN WHITEFISH, SMALLMOUTH BASS, AND WHITE BASS. Prog. Fish-Cult.
36(4): 186-190. (ERL-D Reprint #119)
1975
203 Andrew, Robert W. 1975. INEXPENSIVE SOLID-STATE MODIFICATION OF THE
HEATHKIT POLAROGRAPH. Chemical Instrum. 6(2): 163-172. (ERL-D Reprint #124)
204 Benoit, Duane A. 1975. CHRONIC EFFECTS OF COPPER ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH,
AND REPRODUCTION OF THE BLUEGILL (LEPOMIS MACRQCHIRUS). Trans. Am. Fish.
Soc. 104(2): 353-358. (ERL-D Reprint #128")
205 Christensen, Glenn M. 1975. BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF METHYLMERCURIC
CHLORIDE, CADMIUM CHLORIDE, AND LEAD NITRATE ON EMBRYOS AND ALEVINS OF
THE BROOK TROUT, SALVELINUS FONTINALIS. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.
32: 191-197. (ERL-D Reprint #122)
206 Cook, Philip M. 1975. SEMI-QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ASBESTIFORM
AMPHIBOLE MINERAL CONCENTRATIONS IN WESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR WATER SAMPLES.
Adv. X-Ray Anal. 18: 557-567. (ERL-D Reprint #120)
207 DeFoe, David L. 1975. MULTICHANNEL TOXICANT INJECTION SYSTEM FOR FLOW-
THROUGH BIOASSAYS. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32(4): 544-546. (ERL-D
Reprint #121)
208 Glass, Gary E. and John E. Poldoski. 1975. INTERSTITIAL WATER COMPO-
NENTS AMD EXCHANGE ACROSS THE WATER SEDIMENT INTERFACE OF WESTERN LAKE
SUPERIOR. Verh. Internet. Verein. Limnol. 19: 405-420. (ERL-D Reprint #127)
209 McKim, James M., John W. Arthur and Todd W. Thorslund. 1975. TOXICITY
OF A LINEAR ALKYLATE SULFONATE DETERGENT TO LARVAE OF FOUR SPECIES OF
FRESHWATER FISH. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14(1): 1-7.
(ERL-D Reprint #125)
210 McKim, James M., Duane A. Benoit, Kenneth E. Biesinger, William A.
Brungs and Richard E. Siefert. 1975. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON FRESHWATER
FISH. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 47(6): 1711-1820. (ERL-D Reprint #123)
211 Olson, Gayle F., Donald I. Mount, Virginia M. Snarski and Todd W.
Thorslund. 1975. MERCURY RESIDUES IN FATHEAD MINNOWS, PIMEPHALES
PROMELAS RAFINESQUE, CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO METHYLMERCURY IN WATER.
Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 14(2): 129-134. (ERL-D Reprint #126)
212 Syrett, Roll F. and Walter F. Dawson. 1975. AN INEXPENSIVE SOLID-
STATE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER. Prog. Fish-Cult. 37(3): 171-172.
(ERL-D Reprint #134)
44
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213 Veith, Gilman D. 1975. BASELINE CONCENTRATIONS OF POLYCHLORINATED
BIPHENYLS AND DDT IN LAKE MICHIGAN FISH, 1971. Pestic. Monit. J.
9(1): 21-29. (ERL-D Reprint #130)
214 Veith, Gilman D. and V.M. Comstock. 1975. APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY
SATURATING WATER WITH HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS. J. Fish. Res.
Board Can. 32(10): 1849-1851. (ERL-D Reprint #129)
215 Veith, Gilman D., Douglas W. Kuehl and Jeffrey Rosenthal. 1975.
PREPARATIVE METHOD FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC/MASS SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF
TRACE QUANTITIES OF PESTICIDES IN FISH TISSUE. J. Assoc. Off. Anal.
Chem. 58(1): 1-5. (ERL-D Reprint #118)
45
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OTHER SCieflTIFIC PUBLICflTIOnS
The various materials in this section—primarily papers published in confer-
ence and meeting proceedings-—all are authored by staff members of the Duluth
facility and its field stations. Selected articles are available in limited
quantities from the sources indicated. When requesting articles identified as
ERL-D reprints, be sure to specify that number.
1976
216 Bierman, V.J., Jr. 1976. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE SELECTIVE
ENHANCEMENT OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE BY NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT. In: Modeling
Biochemical Processes in Aquatic Ecosystems (R.P. Canale., ed.).
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor MI. pp. 1-31.
A mathematical model of phytoplankton growth, which includes
four separate functional groups, is used to investigate the
relative importance of various processes in providing competitive
advantages for the development of blue-green algae under conditions
of nutrient enrichment. Preliminary simulations using data from
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, are presented as a first application of
the model. These results are then used as a baseline against which
the results of various sensitivity analyses are compared. These
analyses include effects of changes in phosphorus recycle, phos-
phorus uptake affinities, cell sinking rates, and zooplankton
grazing. A hypothetical batch system is used to investigate the
additional effects of changes in hydraulic detention time and
phosphorus input dynamics.
Source: LLRS
217 Bierman, V.J., Jr. and D.M. Dolan. 1976. MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF
PHYTOPLANKTON DYNAMICS IN SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON. Proc. Conf. on
Environmental Modeling and Simulation, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 19-22.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH. Publication Mo.
EPA-600/9-76-016. pp. 773-779.
The authors applied a mathematical model of phytoplankton
production to a set of physical, chemical, and biological data
from Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. The model includes five phytoplankton
types, two zooplankton types, and three nutrients: phosphorus,
nitrogen, and silicon. The phytoplankton types include diatoms,
46
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greens, both nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen fixing blue-greens,
and "others". The paper illustrates the use of the model in both
research and management applications. A major research use is the
interpretation of experimental data, such as the calibration of
model output for total phosphorus concentration to actual field
data. This calibration indicated the possibility of a previously
unconsidered phosphorus source influencing the bay in the fall of
1974. An important management application is the model as a tool
for comparing the effects of various wastewater management
strategies such as simulating differences in response among the
various phytoplankton types as a function of nutrient load
reduction in Saginaw Bay. These examples and others are discussed
in the paper.
218 Bierman, V.J., Jr. and W.L. Richardson. 1976. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF
PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH IN SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON. In: Water Quality
Criteria Research of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR. Publication No. EPA-
600/3-76-079. pp. 159-173.
The authors applied a phytoplankton model -- using diatoms,
green algae, and two types of blue-green algae -- to a set of
experimental data from Saginaw Bay. The model output agreed
reasonably well with the data for phytoplankton chlorophyll,
total nitrogen, and dissolved nutrients. However, it did not
agree with total phosphorus during the latter part of the year,
nor with total zooplankton. The most serious problem in the study
was the lack of data for phytoplankton cell volumes at the species
level.
219 Cook, Philip M., Ivan B. Rubin, Carl J. Maggiore, and William J.
Nicholson. 1976. X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRON BEAM ANALYSIS OF
ASBESTIFORM MINERALS IN LAKE SUPERIOR WATERS. The Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc., New York NY. Annals No. 75CH1004-I
34-1. (ERL-D Reprint #133)
Western Lake Superior water, which is used for municipal
water supplies, contains large concentrations of asbestiform
amphibole fibers because of a taconite tailings discharge at
Silver Bay, Minnesota. Large fluctuations in fiber concentrations
are attributable to seasonal and meteorological changes which
influence Western Lake Superior water circulation. Variations in
electron microscope amphibole fiber counts generally correspond to
variations in amphibole mass concentration determined by x-ray
diffraction. Daily x-ray diffraction and occasional transmission
electron microscope measurements of Duluth, Minnesota drinking
water samples allows an estimate of the average (45-100 million)
and the range (10-1000 million) of identifiable amphibole fibers
per liter of water. Not all the amphibole fibers present can be
identified due to their extremely small width.
47
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Source: ERL-D
220 DePinto, J.V., V.vk Bierman, Jr., and F.H. Verhoff. 1976. SEASONAL
PHYTOPLANKTON SUCCESSION AS A FUNCTION OF SPECIES COMPETITION FOR
PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN. In: Modeling Biochemical Processes in
Aquatic Ecosystems (R.P. Canale, ed.). Ann Arbor Science Publishers,
Inc., Ann Arbor MI. pp. 141-169.
A mathematical model of phytoplankton growth, which includes
three separate functional groups, was used as a research tool to
investigate seasonal phytoplankton dynamics in Stone Lake, Cass-
opolis, Michigan. The data indicated that dissolved phosphorus is
present in non-rate-limiting concentrations in the lake. Low
dissolved nitrogen concentrations in early summer results in large
blooms of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. In turn, the apparent
rapid regeneration of dissolved nitrogen from the decline of this
bloom results subsequently in a large bloom of non-nitrogen-fixing
blue-green algae. Initial attempts to model these data were un-
successful due to the rapid decline of these blooms. Various
phytoplankton decay mechanisms were hypothesized and tested with
the model. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that
heterotrophic bacterial populations could be a significant factor
in causing the observed rapid declines of the algal blooms and the
subsequent nitrogen regeneration. However, alternative explanations
for these phenomena could not be eliminated iji the present study.
Source: LLRS
221 Kopperman, H.L., D.W. Kuehl, and G.E. Glass. 1976. CHLORINATED COM-
POUNDS FOUND IN WASTE-TREATMENT EFFLUENTS AND THEIR CAPACITY TO BIO-
ACCUMULATE. Proc. Conf. on the Environmental Impact of Water Chlorin-
ation (R.L. Jolley, ed.), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, October 22-24, 1975.
(ERL-D Reprint #112)
The incorporation of chlorine into compounds during the
disinfection of waste effluents with chlorine is an undesirable
end result of effluent treatment due to an increase in the persis-
tence of the chloro-organics and their ability to bioaccumulate.
The problems that arise with bioaccumulation of organic compounds
are generally not immediately apparent, and a major segment of the
ecosystem may be contaminated before the problem is recognized.
A discussion of chlorinated compounds found in waste-treatment
effluents and their capacity to bioaccumulate is presented.
Attention is especially drawn to an unreported compound type, the
chloroanisoles.
Source: ERL-D
222 Poldoski J E and G.E. Glass. 1976. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
SESTERN LAKE SUPERIOR WATER-SEDIMENT EXCHANGE STUDIES OF SOME TRACE
48
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ELEMENTS. In: Accuracy in Trace Analysis: Sampling, Sample Handling,
and Analysis. Proc. 7th IMR Symposium, Gaithersburg, Maryland,
October 7-11, 1974. National Bureau of Standards Special Publication
422. pp. 1073-1088.
Trace element measurements on western Lake Superior water were
taken as a function of geographical area and distance above and below
the water-sediment interface. The objective of detecting gradients
of certain constituents in the system, however, required an extensive
examination of required methodology. Investigations of this
methodology indicate that the values obtained from a particular
sample type are constrained by a number of uncertainties and opera-
tional definitions. Data were taken using different methods and
experiments were conducted at various points in the analytical
scheme to determine the influence of sample collection, handling
and analysis steps. Results were of aid in determining where
emphasis should be placed to improve the end result.
223 Richardson, William L. 1976. AN EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPORT CHARACTER-
ISTICS OF SAGINAW BAY USING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CHLORIDE. In:
Modeling Biochemical Processes in Aquatic Ecosystems (R.P. Canale, ed.).
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor MI. pp. 113-139.
A coarse-grid, mass balance model has been developed to
deduce a circulation pattern by tracing chloride concentrations
in Saginaw Bay. First, a steady-state or average annual circulation
pattern previously calibrated with 1965 data is reviewed and the
attempt to verify this pattern using 1974 data is presented.
Finally, a time-dependent approach is presented which is used to
calibrate seasonal circulation patterns for 1974.
The initial model was structured to determine the average
chloride distribution in the bay. The steady state, finite differ-
ence equations for mass balance were developed by Thomann for his
work on the Delaware Estuary in the early 1960's (Thomann 1963).
Model parameters include chloride loads, segment volumes, lengths,
and interfacial areas, and boundary conditions at Lake Huron. The
model also requires an a priori specification of advective and
dispersive transport. In the particular application of the model
addressed herein the transport parameters become the unknowns and
are calibrated so that the calculated chloride concentration in
each model segment fits the measured.
This calibration was done on an annual average basis using
data collected in 1965 (Richardson 1974). Advection from Lake
Huron to the northwest outer segment of the bay was determined to
be about 6370 nr/sec. The dispersive transport was determined to
be on the order of 5 km2/day.
Using 1974 data, this calibrated average circulation scheme
was verified as valid for most of the year, except for the spring.
49
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Using a time-variable solution to the model equations it was
determined that during the spring a 75% reduction of advective
transport from outer to inner bay must be included, as well as a
50% reduction in dispersion, to obtain a reasonable fit to
measure spring chloride levels.
This reduction in transport is indicated by the development
of a thermal bar structure which can form a vertical barrier to
mass exchange between the nearshore and the open lake. A reason-
able fit of computed versus measured chloride concentrations was
obtained for most'segments throughout the year. The circulation
scheme is considered to be calibrated and the necessary verification
will be the subject of future research.
Source: LLRS
224 Richardson, William L. and Victor J. Bierman, Jr. 1976. A MATHEMATICAL
MODEL OF POLLUTANT CAUSE AND EFFECT IN SAGINAW BAY, LAKE HURON. In:
Mater Quality Criteria Research of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis OR. Publication
No. EPA-600/3-76-079. pp. 138-158.
This paper emphasizes methodology and practical considerations
of applying an existing phytoplankton-chlorophyll model to Saginaw
Bay. Conducted in support of the U.S.-Canadian Upper Lakes
Reference Study, the preliminary results of this modeling effort
reveal Saginaw Bay to be a unique system with large nutrient inputs
and large material gradients. To get a reasonably close calibration
of calculated material concentrations to observed data, the authors
had to use nutrient recycling rates ten times those used for Lake
Ontario. Carbon-chlorophyll and phosphorus-chlorophyll ratios
were reduced along with saturated growth rates for phytoplankton.
The results point out the need to modify structure to include more
biological detail.
225 Richardson, W.L. and N.A. Thomas. 1976. A REVIEW OF EPA'S GREAT
LAKES MODELING PROGRAM. Proc. Conf. on Environmental Modeling and
Simulation, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 19-22, 1976. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH. Publication No. EPA-600/9-76-016.
pp. 20-25.
The Large Lakes Research Station at Grosse He, Michigan, is
responsible for implementing the EPA Office of Research and Devel-
opment's research program for the Great Lakes. The objective is
to be able to describe the transport and fate of pollutants.
Mathematical models provide the researcher with the necessary
tools for accomplishing this task and, once calibrated and verified,
they can be used by water quality managers confronted with making
policy decisions. Several levels of modeling research have been
initiated which address water quality issues ranging from lake-wide
50
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to nearshore effects, and from eutrophication to hazardous materials,
Concurrent surveillance and experimentation programs are being
conducted for model calibration and verification. An overview of
the EPA Great Lakes modeling program is presented including results
from some specific models.
226 Thomas, Nelson A. 1976. ACCUMULATION AMD TRANSPORT OF ENERGY-RELATED
POLLUTANTS BY BENTHOS. Proc. Second Federal Conf. on the Great Lakes,
Argonne, Illinois, March 25-27, 1975. pp. 361-368.
Benthos concentrate many heavy metals and organics in
relation to the concentration in the surrounding water, accumulating
much more from water than from sediments. The accumulation of
pollutants is higher in benthos than in fish, but the benthos --
as a source of food for fish and other aquatic life -- apparently
do not transfer significant amounts of pollutants. Often the
benthic animals metabolize the pollutants to daughter products.
The only important role benthos might have in the transport of
pollutants is the resuspension of materials below the sediment
surface, a possibility requiring further investigation.
1967
227 Brungs,- William A. 1967. DISTRIBUTION OF COBALT 60, ZINC 65, STRONTIUM
83, AND CESIUM 137 IN A FRESHWATER POND. U.S. Public Health Service,
Cincinnati OH. Publication No. 999-RH-24.
228 Jackson, Herbert W. and William A. Brungs. 1967. BIOMONITORING OF
INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS. Proc. 21st Industrial Waste Conf. Purdue Univ.
50(1): 117-124.
229 Thatcher, Thomas 0. 1967. ACUTE TOXICITY OF LAS TO VARIOUS FISH
SPECIES. Proc. 21st Industrial Waste Conf. Purdue Univ. 50(2): 996-
1002.
1969
230 Imlay, Marc J. 1969a. SOME RESEARCH NEEDS AND METHODS FOR PROTECTING
NAIADS FROM EXTINCTION. American Malacological Union. Annual Report.
pp. 49-51.
231 Imlay, Marc J. 1969b. A DUAL BEHAVIORAL INTERPRETATION OF A SINGLE
ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULUS WITH FRESHWATER MUSSELS. American Malacological
Union. Annual Report, pp. 21-22.
51
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I97O
232 Brungs, William A. 1970. EFFECTS OF HEATED WATER FROM NUCLEAR PLANTS
ON AQUATIC LIFE. In: Nuclear Power and the Public. University of
Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MM. pp. 52-59.
1971
233 Leonard, Edward N. 1971. THE DETERMINATION OF COPPER IN FISH TISSUES
BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY. Atomic Absorption Newsletter
10: 84-85.
234 Lucas, Allen M. and Nelson A. Thomas. 1971. SEDIMENT OXYGEN DEMAND IN
LAKE ERIE'S CENTRAL BASIN 1970. Proc. 14th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1971:
781-787.
1972
235 Brungs, William A. 1972. EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES
ON SURFACE WATER USE. In: River Ecology and Man. Academic Press,
New York NY. pp. 353-365.
236 Christensen, Glenn M. 1972. GRAVEL IN THE GEARS. Minnesota Volunteer
35: 62-65.
237 Imlay, Marc J. 1972. GREATER ADAPTABILITY OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS TO
NATURAL THAN ARTIFICIAL DISPLACEMENT. In: Bulletin of the American
Malacological Union, pp. 43-44.
238 Thomas, Nelson A. 1972. LAKE MICHIGAN ENTRAPMENT STUDIES - BIG
ROCK NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, SCANABA POWER PLANT, NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1971.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse He, MI. Working Report
No. 1.
Source: LLRS
1973
239 Brungs, William A. 1973. CONTINUOUS-FLOW BIOASSAYS WITH AQUATIC
ORGANISMS: PROCEDURES AND APPLICATIONS. In: Biological Methods for
the Assessment of Water Quality. American Society for Testing and
Materials, Philadelphia, PA. STP 528. pp. 117-126. (ERL-0 Reprint #87)
Source: ERL-D
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240 Eaton, John G. 1973. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE USE OF LABORATORY
BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE "SAFE" LEVELS OF TOXICANTS FOR FISH. In:
Bioassay Techniques and Environmental Chemistry. Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, Ann Arbor MI. pp. 107-115.
241 Hokanson, Kenneth E.F. and Charles F. Kleiner. 1973. EFFECTS OF CONSTANT
AND RISING TEMPERATURES ON SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATES OF EMBRYONIC
AND LARVAL YELLOW PERCH, PERCA FLAVESCENS (MITCHELL). In: Early Life
History of Fish. Proceedings of an International Symposium Held at the
Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory, Scottish Marine Biological
Association, Oban, Scotland, May 17-23, 1973. pp. 473-448. (ERL-D
Reprint #111)
Source: ERL-D
242 Siefert, Richard E. and William A. Spoor. 1973. EFFECTS OF REDUCED
OXYGEN ON EMBRYOS AND LARVAE OF THE WHITE SUCKER, COHO SALMON, BROOK
TROUT, AND WALLEYE. In: Early Life History of Fish. Proceedings of
an International Symposium Held at the Dunstaffnage Marine Research
Laboratory, Scottish Marine Biological Association, Oban, Scotland,
May 17-23, 1973. pp. 487-495. (ERL-D Reprint #110)
Source: ERL-D
243 Stephan, Charles E. and Donald I. Mount. 1973. USE OF TOXICITY TESTS
WITH FISH IN WATER POLLUTION CONTROL. In: Biological Methods for the
Assessment of Water Quality. American Society for Testing and Materials,
Philadelphia, PA. STP 528. pp. 164-177. (ERL-D Reprint #88)
Source: ERL-D
244 Thomas, N.A. 1973. ASSESSMENT OF FISH FLESH TAINTING SUBSTANCES. In:
Biological Assessment of Water Quality. American Society for Testing
and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. STP 528. pp. 178-193.
245 Thomas, Nelson A. and Katherine W. Hartwell. 1973. ZOOPLANKTON ENTRAIN-
MENT AT THE MONROE POWER PLANT — MONROE, MICHIGAN 1973. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Grosse He, MI. Working Report No. 2. 25 p.
Source: LLRS
1974
246 Richardson, William L. 1974. MODELING CHLORIDE DISTRIBUTION IN SAGINAW
BAY. Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res. 1974: 462-470.
247 Robertson, Andrew, Floyd C. Elder, and Tudor T. Davies. 1974. IFYGL
CHEMICAL INTERCOMPARISONS (IFYGL). Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res.
1974: 682-696.
53
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1975
248 Bierman, V.J., Jr., W.L. Richardson, and D.M. Dolan. 1975. RESPONSES
OF PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS IN SAGINAW BAY TO CHANGES IN NUTRIENT LOADINGS.
A Report to the International Reference Group on Upper Lakes Pollution.
International Joint Conmission, Windsor, Ontario.
249 Rogers, R.H., N.J. Shah, J.B. McKeon, C. Hilson, L. Reed, V. Elliott
Smith, and Nelson A. Thomas. 1975. APPLICATION OF LANDSAT TO THE
SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROL OF EUTROPHICATION IN SAGINAW BAY. Proc. Tenth
International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, October 6-10, 1975. lip.
250 Stroud, Richard K., Gerald R. Bouck, and Alan V. Mebeker. 1975. PATH-
OLOGY OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC EXPOSURE OF SALMONID FISHES TO SUPERSATURATED
WATER. In: Chemistry and Physics of Aqueous Gas Solutions. The
Electrochemical Society, Inc. Also: Tech. Paper No. 3757. Agric. Expt.
Sta., Oregon State Univ., Corvallis OR. (ERL-D Reprint #132)
Source: ERL-D
251 Thomas, Nelson A., (Catherine Hartwell, and William E. Miller. 1975.
GREAT LAKES NUTRIENT ASSESSMENT. Proceedings: Biostimulation-Nutrient
Assessment Workshop, Corvallis, Oregon, October 16-17, 1973. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. Publication No.
EPA-660/3-75-034. pp. 226-243.
Source: LLRS
54
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AUTHOR IHDEX
Adelman, I.R. 1, 2, 27
Anderson, R.L. 106, 145
Andrew, R.W. 86, 188, 203
Armstrong, D.E. 87
Arthur D. Little, Incorporated 34, 37
Arthur, J.W. 21, 86, 122, 133, 134, 186, 188, 209
b
Banner, A. 60
Bannerman, R.T. 87
Basch, R.E. 3
BatteHe Columbus Laboratories 38
Batterman, A.R. 194
Beeton, A.M. 4
Bell, H.L. 123, 124, 132, 135, 146
Benoit, D.A. 98, 99, 103, 106, 125, 153, 169, 180, 187, 197, 198, 204, 210
Berry, E.G. 79
Bierman, Jr., V.J. 216, 217, 218, 220, 224, 248
Biesinger, K.E. 100, 158, 188, 210
Bouck, G.R. 5, 159, 250
Bowman, M.M. 96
Boyle, H.W. 130
Boyle, W.C. 90
Brauhn, J.L. 88
Broderius, S.J. 6, 27
Brooks, A.S. 4
Brown, H.P. 49
Brungs, W.A. 7, 101, 111, 112, 113, 126, 136, 147, 148, 149, 161, 170, 174
210, 227, 228, 232, 235, 239
Burch, J.B. 50, 61
Bureau of Sport Fisheries 39
Butler, R.L. 62
Buxton, K.S. 18, 19, 20, 25
Buzzard, M. 93
c
Cairns, Jr., J. 40, 41
Cardwell, R.D. 8
Carlson, A.R. 160, 162, 171, 172, 189, 190, 202
Christensen, G.M. 99, 102, 116, 142, 150, 158, 161, 180, 198, 205, 236
55
-------
Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms 89
Comstock, V.M. 214
Cook, P.M. 191, 206, 219
Costa, P.A. 20
Cowen, W.F. 9
Cowles, E.J. 116
Cressey, R.F. 51
Davies, P.H. 63
Davies, T.T. 192, 247
Dawley, E. 10
Dawson, W.F. 137, 167, 193, 212
Dean, J.W. 18, 19
DePauw University 35
DePinto, J.V. 220
Derr, S.K. 18
Di, U.R.L. 74
DiToro, D.M. 31, 97
Dodd, J.D. 42
Dolan, D.M. 217, 248
Doskey, P.V. 94
Drummond, R.A. 137, 158, 166, 173, 193, 194
Dudley, R.H. 57
Duodoroff, P. 11, 81
Dwyer, W.P. 92
Eaton, J.G. 138, 195, 240
Ebel, W. 10
Elder, F.C. 247
Everhart, W.H. 63, 64, 65
f
Falter, C.M. 66
Ferris, J.M. 67
Ferris, V.R. 67
Fiandt, J.T.S. 99
Fitzgerald, G.P. 14
Foreman, D.G. 8
Foster, N. 52
Freeman, R.A. 64
Frey, D.G. 46
Fromm, P.O. 36
Fryer, J.L. 12, 68
9
Gannon, J.E. 26
Gast, M. 101, 165, 174
Gaufin, A.R. 69
Geckler, J.R. 13, 101
Gerloff, G.C. 14, 70
56
-------
Glass, G.E. 86, 104, 191, 196, 208, 221, 222
Gnilka, S. 19
Great Lakes Laboratory 15
Gresswell, R.E. 78
Groberg, W.J. 12
Grosse He Laboratory 71
h
Haile, C.L. 90
Hale, J.G. 117, 125, 127, 139, 140, 141, 160, 162, 172
Hall, J.D. 73
Halligan, B.J. 86, 186.
Harris, R.F. 87
Hartwell, K.W. 245, 251
Hekimian, K.K. 57
Herman, L.J. 190, 202
Hermanutz, R.O. 175
Hilden, D.A. 127, 141
Hilding, A.C. 116
Hinshaw, R.N. 72
Hoadley, A.W. 118
Hobbs, Jr., H.H. 53
Hoffman, M.J. 16
Hokanson, K.E.F. 151, 176, 177, 241
Holcombe, G.W. 103, 107
Holdren, G.C. 87
Holoman, V.L. 74
Hoi singer, J.R. 54
Horning, II, W.B. 13, 122, 178
Huckins, J.N. 30
Hunt, E.P. 107, 142, 161
•
Illinois University 43
Imlay, M.J. 163, 179, 230, 231. 237
Iwanaga, P.M. 73
•
Jackson, H.W. 228
Jarvinen, A.W. 16
Jaworski, E. 83
Jones, B.R. 152, 176, 177
k
Kemp, H.T. 74
Kempfert, K.D. 175
Kenk, R. 55
Kent, J.S. 23
Kingston, J.C. 96
Kleerekoper, H. 75
Kleiner, C.F. 105, 241
Klemm, D.J. 56
57
-------
Koenst, W.M. 95
Kopperman, H.L. 104, 221
Kovacic, P.K. 4
Kuehl, D.W. 104, 196, 215, 221
I
Lee, G.F- 9, 90
Lemke, A.E. 100, 120, 128, 129, 186
Leonard, "E.N. 99, 103, 134, 170, 233
Levine, S. 93
Lewis, M.J. 180, 198 "
Lezenga, D.R. 85
Lick, W. 17
Lindberg, M.A. 20
Little, R.L. 34, 37, 74
Lucas, A.M. 234
m
Macek, K.J. 18, 19, 20, 25
Maggiore, C.J. 219
Martin, D.B. 91
Mattson, V.R. 21, 86, 129, 186
May, B.E. 65
Mayer, Jr., F.L. 92
McCormick, J.H. 22, 105, 152, 176, 177
McCoy, R.H. 12
McKeon, J.B. 249
McKim, J.M. 103, 106, 107, 142, 153, 161, 170, 180, 197, 198, 209, 210
McNaught, D.C. 93
Mechalas, B.J. 57
Mehrle, Jr., P.M. 92
Merna, J.W. 76
Michigan Department of Natural Resources 44
Miller, W.E. 25
Monk, B. 10
Mount, D.I. Ill, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 130, 131, 136, 181, 211, 243
Mueller, L.H. 175
Murphy, T.J. 94
n
Nebeker, A.V. 5, 108, 120, 124, 154, 155, 156, 164, 182, 199, 200
Neiheisel, T.M. 13, 158
Nicholson, W.J. 219
Novotny, J.F. 91
o
O'Connor, D.J. 31
Odlaug, T.O. 58
Ojala, C. 83
Olson, D.T. 86
Olson, G.F. 107, 173, 194, 211
Olson, T.A. 58
Oseid, D.M. 27
58
-------
Ossiander, F. 10
P
Paige, M. 163
Palensky, J.R. 77
Payne, T.R. 8
Pearson, R.E. 178
Pennsylvania State University 45
Peterka, J.J. 23
Petrocelli, S.R. 25
Pickering, Q.H. 13, 121, 143, 165, 201
Pilcher, K.S. 12, 68
Polcyn, F.C. 85
Poldoski, J.E. 208, 222,
Puglisi, F.A. 28, 169, 196, 199, 200
P
Raphael, C.N. 83
Reed, L. 249
Richardson, W.L. 218, 223, 224, 225, 246, 248
Ringe, R.R. 66
Robertson, A. 247
Robinson, E.L. 13
Rogers, R.H. 249
Rohovec, J.S. 12
Rosenthal, J. 215
Rubin, I.B. 219
s
Samuel son, D.F. 24
Sanders, J.E. 12
Sauter, S. 18, 19, 20, 25
Schaedel, A.L. 96
Schiewe, M. 10
Schinazi, L.A. 57
Schleske, C.L. 26
Schoettoer, R.A. 88
Shah, N.J. 249
Shumway, D.L. 81
Siefert, R.E. 183, 189, 190, 202, 210, 242
Simmons, M.S. 26
Smith, R.W. 46
Smith, V.E. 249
Smith, W.E. 100, 109, 144, 184, 185
Smith, Jr., L.L. 1, 2, 6, 27, 95, 151
Snarski, V.M. 28, 211
Soltero, R.A. 82
Sparks, R.E. 40
Spehar, R.L. 29, 106, 110
Spoor, W.A. 157, 166, 173, 183, 242
Stalling, D.L. 30
Stalnaker, C.B. 78
Stephan, C.E. 13, 114, 115, 131, 243
59
-------
Stevens, D.G. 5
Stoermer, E.F. 26, 96
Stokes, G.N. 106
Stroud, R.K. 250
Sturrock, T 84
Syrett, R.F. 125, 152, 167, 183, 212
t
Texas Christian University 47
Thatcher, T.O. 143, 229
Thomann, R.V. 31, 97
Thomas, N.A. 192, 225, 226, 234, 238, 244, 245, 251
Thorslund, T.W. 16, 209, 211
Tjepkema, J.P. 67
Truchan, J.G. 3
Tucker, J.H. 102, 177, 180, 191, 198
Turner, D.S. 83
Tyo, R.M. 100
u
University of Michigan 33
University of Washington 48
Van Arman, J.A. 60
Van Der Schalie, H. 79
Veith, G.D. 90, 104, 168, 213, 214, 215
Verhoff, F.H. 220
01
Wai bridge, C.T. 21, 86
Wallace, J.B. 80
Waller, W.T. 41
Warnick, S.L. 132
Warren, C.E. 81
Wezernak, C.T. 85
Wilbur, D.J. 8
Williams, W.D. 59
Wilson, C. 249
Winfield, R.P. 31, 97
Winner, R.W. 32
Wisele, P.H. 76
Wright, J.C. 82
Z
Zinn, J.L. 12
60
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KEY WORD IDD6X
FOR 1976 PUBLICATIONS ONLY
Q
Accumulation 107, 226
Age 1
Amphiboles 219
Analytical chemistry 6, 221
Animal nutrition 32
Animal physiology 5, 10
Anisole 221
Antibodies 12
Aquatic animals 7, 16, 100
Aquatic biology 13, 101, 109
Aquatic plants 7
Asbestos 219
Bass 23
Behavior 11
Benthos 226
Bioassay 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 31, 32
Biocides 7
Blood 102
Bromi nation 7
Bromine halides 7
Bubbles 5, 108
Cadmium 99, 110
Carbon 14-16
Chemical composition 30, 222
Chloride 223
Chlorination 3, 4, 7
Chlorine 221
Chlorine organic compounds 7
Chlorohydrocarbon 28
Chlorophyll 26, 224
Chlorophyta 14
*as listed in: Office of Naval Research and Engineers Joint Council. 1967,
Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms. U.S. Department of Defense,
Washington, D.C. 696 p.
61
-------
Chromatographic analysis 30
Chromium 1, 98
Circulation 17, 223
Cladocera 100
Clams 16
Colorimetrie analysis 6
Combined stress 27
Condenser tubes 7
Constraining 14
Contaminants 110
Cooling towers 7
Cooling water 7
Copper 13, 32, 101
Crayfishes 108
Criteria 2
Cyanides 11
Daphnia 20, 32, 100, 108
DDT 16
Dechlori nation 7
Detection 30
Detergents 106
Disinfectants 7
Disinfection 7
Dissolved gases 23, 27
Distribution 107
Dynamics 216, 220
Effluents 110
Electrical industry 3
Electron microscopy 219
Elimination 107
Embolisms 108
Embryos 23, 99
Environmental requirements 105
Environments 5, 10, 12
Enzymes 102
Equilibrium constants 6
Eye diseases 5
f
Fatique (biology) 27
Fecundity 2
Feeding stuff 109
Fibers 219
Field test 13
Fishes 1, 3, 7, 8, 18, 19, 22, 23, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 110
Flocculants 100
Food chain 16, 226
Food consumption 11
Fouling prevention 7
62
-------
Fresh water 5, 8, 10, 23, 28, 110
Fresh water biology 100
Fresh water diseases 12
Fresh water fishes 13, 16, 25, 27, 99, 104, 106, 107, 108
9
Gas dynamics 5, 10
Growth 2, 11, 22, 27, 28, 99, 103, 105, 218, 220
h
Halohydrocarbons 8'
Hydrodynamics 17
Hydrogen cyanide 11
Hydrogen sulfide 6, 27
i
Identifying 30
Industrial wastes 106
Inhibition 102
Insecticides 16
Interactions 11
Invertebrates 13, 18, 19, 27
I
Lakes 17
Larvae 23, 99
Lead (metal) 103
Life cycles 27
Loading 216, 217
m
Management 216, 217
Mass spectrometers 30, 104, 221
Mathematical models 17, 31, 216, 217, 218, 220, 223, 224, 225
Maturation 109
Metals 8, 25, 29, 106, 110, 226
Methodology 30, 221, 224
Microanalysis 6
Minnows 2, 6, 16, 20, 21
Mortality 23, 27
n
Nitriles 11
Nitrogen 31, 216, 217, 218, 220
Nutrients 15, 26, 31, 216, 217, 218, 224
o
Organic compounds 21
Oxygen 27
Ozone 7
63
-------
Pathophysiology 5, 10, 12
Perch 22
Pesticides 16, 18, 19, 20, 30, 106
pH 6, 11
Phosphorus 9, 26, 31, 216, 217, 218, 220
Phytoplankton 15, 26, 31, 216, 217, 218, 220, 224
Plant nutrition 14
Pollution 106
Polyelectrolytes 100
Precipitation (meteorology) 9
Production rate 105
q
Quantitative analysis 6, 219
r
Reproduction (biology) 27, 28, 99, 103
Research 30, 216, 217, 225
Reviews 11, 106
Rivers 24
Runoff 9
s
Salmon 5, 10, 12
Scoliosis 103
Seasonal variations 22, 24
Sediments 15
Sewage 7
Sewage treatment 4, 7
Shiners 105
Silicon 26, 216, 217
Simulation 31
Size determination 1
Sodium chloride 1
Sodium cyanide 8
Sodium sulfites 4
Supersaturation 5, 108
Survival 2, 28, 99, 103, 105, 108
t
Temperature 5, 11, 23, 27, 105
Thermal stresses 22
Thermochemistry 6
Thiocyanates 11
Tissues (biology) 28, 99, 103
Toxicity 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 29, 99, 100, 102, 103,
107, 110
Toxicology 7, 98, 101, 103
Trace elements 222
Trout 5, 10, 12, 28, 30, 99, 100, 103, 107
64
-------
V
Variability 27
w
Waste treatment 221
Waste water 12, 216, 217
Water 30, 108, 219, 222
Water chemistry 222
Water pollution 4, 5, 8, 10, 13, 25, 29, 98, 99 101, 103, 110, 225, 226
Water quality 2, 24, 31
Water supply 219
x
X-ray diffraction 219
z
Zinc 29, 110
Zooplankton 15, 26, 216, 218
65
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Instructions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/9-77-005
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION>NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
FRESHWATER FINDINGS 1967-1976. Research Publications
of the Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth,
Minnesota
5. REPORT DATE
March 1977
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
Nichole J. Vick
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research Laboratory-Dirtuth
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Duluth MN 55804
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
1BA608
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
Bibliography
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/03
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
16. ABSTRACT
This bibliography, inclusive from 1967 through 1976, lists all publications
authored by personnel of the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth (formerly
the National Water Quality Laboratory). Not only does the bibliography list all
scientific materials (journal articles, research reports, and other) published by
the laboratory staff, but also those project reports prepared by universities,
industries, and other government researchers conducting studies under the funding
and direction of this laboratory.
The publications are grouped in three sections—reports published by the EPA's
(and precursor agencies') research series, journal articles from the scientific
literature, and other scientific publications. Each category is subdivided into
1976 publications (annotated) and those published from 1967 through 1975. Within
each year, publications are listed alphabetically by the senior author's last name,
and sources of reprints are identified. Introductory materials include a list of
standard abbreviations for scientific journals cited and pertinent components of
the EPA and the laboratory. The bibliography concludes with an author index for
all entries and a key word index for the 1976 publications. All entries are num-
bered consecutively throughout the three sections of the bibliography, and those
numbers are used in the indices.
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATI Field/Group
Research projects
Technical reports
Abstracting
Fresh water biology
Publications summary
Bibliography
Environmental Research
Laboratory-Duluth
05B
06A,C,F,S,T
8. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
UNCLASSIFIED
21. NO. OF PAGES
76
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
66
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