EPA-430/9-76-005
CONSTRUCTION
INSPECTION GUIDE
VOLUME 2
1976
Municipal Construction Division
Office of Water Program Operations
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Washington, D.C. 20460
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FOREWORD
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 set
in motion a comprehensive program to clean up the Nation's waters.
Recognizing that many local governments could not afford to build
needed treatment facilities without financial assistance, Congress
dramatically increased Federal aid to help local governments meet
the requirements of the Act. The 1972 Amendments made available
$18 billion in Federal grants to local governments for wastewater
treatment works. The program is administered by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency in cooperation with the water pollution
control agencies of the various States.
This Construction Inspection Guide is being issued to aid the
engineers and technicans who inspect the actual construction of a
wastewater treatment facility. It should serve as a guide in examin-
ing the detailed construction of the structural, mechanical, and
electrical features of a modern facility. It cannot, however, replace
plans, specifications, experience, and most importantly, engineering
judgement. Whenever a difference exists between the guide and contract
documents, or Federal, State and Local requirements, the contract docu-
ments or governmental requirements take precedent.
Comments, recommendations, or suggestions for modification or
insertion of additional material are solicited. They should be sent
to: Director, Municipal Construction Division, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 "M" Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460.
The Environmental Protection Agency extends acknowledgement to the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who originally published this guide, and
the Naval Facilities Engineering Command, who provided the negatives,
for their joint permission to reprint this guide with minor editorial
changes.
Deputy Assistant Administrator
for'Water Program Operations
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR
OBTAINING ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS GUIDE
This guide is available, free of charge, for
personnel who inspect the day-to-day construction of
municipal wastewater treatment facilities funded in
part, by grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
To order the "Construction Inspection Guide"
write to:
General Services Administration (8-FFS)
Centralized Mailing List Services
Building 41, Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
Please include the following information:
1. Title of publication—Construction Inspection
Guide
2. Publication Number—MCD-23
3. Name and location of project where this guide
will be used.
4. USEPA Grant Identification Number for this
project.
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Volume I
Construction Inspection Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter
100 General Information
101 Layout & Quantity Surveys
102 Clearing and Grubbing
103 Earthwork
104 Underground Pipe Systems
105 Paving
106 Grassing, Planting and Erosion Control
201 Concrete for Structures
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Volume 2
Construction Inspection Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter
202 Structural Steel
203 Welding
204 Masonry
205 Carpentry
206 Precast & Cast-in-Place
Roof Decking
207 Roofing
208 Sheet Metal
209 Furring (Metal), Lathing & Plaster
210 Resilient-Type Floors
211 Dampproofing & Waterproofing
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212 Corrugated Roofing & Siding
213 Metal Doors, Door Frames & Windows
214 Cabinets, Casework & Wardrobes
215 Calking, Glass & Glazing
216 Terrazzo: Ceramic & Quarry Tile
217 Movable Accordion & Toilet Partitions
218 Hardware
219 Painting
301 Plumbing & Sprinkle Systems
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Volume 3
Construction Inspection Guide
Table of Contents
Chapter
302 Heating
303 Ventilating, Air Supply & Distribution Systems
304 Refrigeration & Air Conditioning
305 Interior Electrical
306 Exterior Electrical
307 Cathodic Protection
308 Installation of Equipment
401 Pile Construction
402 Levee Construction & Earth Embankment
Construction
404 Drilling for Subsurface Investigations
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CHAPTER 202
STRUCTURAL STEEL
INDEX
Para. Title Page
202-01 GHIERAL 202-1
202-02 SHOP DRAWINGS 202-1
202-03 STEEL CN THE JOB SITE 202-1
a* Sixes and Shapes 202-1
b. Alignment and Damage 202-2
c. Mew Steel 202-2
d. Shop Connections 202-3
e. Shop Painting 202-3
f. Storage and Handling 202-b
202-Ci* CCNHUCTGB'S EQUIPMENT 202-5
202-Q5 FOUNDATIONS 202-5
202-06 ANCHOR BOLTS 202-5
202-07 STEEL SECTION 202-6
a. Bearing Plates 202-6
b. Alignment 202-7
c. Guys and Supports 202-8
d. Field Connections 202-8
e. Inserts and Attach-
202-li*
-------
Para. Title
f. Final Painting 202-15
g. Open Web Steel Joists 202-15
202-06 STEEL TANKS 202-16
ii
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CHAPTER 202
STRUCTURAL STEEL
202-01 GENERAL
This chapter covers structural steel in-
cluding steel for buildings, hangars, bridges,
etc. Welding is covered only generally, since
it is more thoroughly covered in Chapter 203.
202-01 SHOP DRAWINGS
a. Structural steel is always erected from
approved shop drawings because connections and
other pertinent details are not covered on the
contract drawings.
b. Approved shop drawings must be on hand
prior to the start of steel erection.
c. Particular attention should be given to
requirements and arrangement of temporary
bracing, guy lines and fastenings.
202-03 STEEL ON THE JOB SITE
Upon arrival of the structural steel and
prior to erection, the steel should be checked
for the following items:
a. Sizes and Shapes
202-1
-------
(1) Check every member against the shop
drawings for correct size, shape, and weight.
(2) Check sizes and type of bolts,
rivets, washers and welds as well as hole
diameters.
(3) Watch for beams made up of welded
plates being substituted for a rolled beam.
b. Alignment and Damage
(1) Members must be free of kinks, bends
or other distortions.
(2) Check the specifications for allow-
able tolerances.
(3) No straightening of bent of mis-
aligned members should be allowed in the field
except as approved by the engineer.
c. New Steel
(1) Check that the steel furnished is
new.
(2) Look for such tell-tale evidence as
old rivet and bolt holes which may have been
filled with weld material, ground smooth, and
painted over.
202-2
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d. Shop Connections
(1) Has the steel been inspected in the
shop.
(a) If no shop inspection, then all
shop connections must be inspected in the field
with the same care required for field connec-
tions.
(b) If the steel has been inspected
in the shop, it should be examined upon arrival
at the job site to determine if damage has been
incurred during transportation or if errors and
faulty workmanship may have gone undetected
during shop inspection.
(2) Check if column ends, scheduled to
be milled, have been milled. Check to determine
whether cap and base plates on columns have been
welded on in shop, where called for.
(3) For items to check in shop connections,
refer to the section in this chapter dealing with
field connection.
e. Shop Painting
202-3
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(1) Inspect shop painting for
abraded areas and loose mill scale or rust,
making sure that all defects are satisfactorily
corrected immediately,
(2) Check the specifications to determine
if contact surfaces for joints to be connected
with high tensile bolts are or are not to be
painted.
(3) Check if painting is required on
steel embedded in concrete.
f. Storage and Handling
(1) Steel should be stored neatly off
the traveled ways and not scattered all over
the site.
(2) Require steel members to be blocked
off the ground to avoid corrosion and to aid
inspection. For prolonged storage, the steel
should be properly protected against the
elements.
(3) When unloading or during erection
of long flexible steel members or trusses,
require the contractor to use a double choker
of double sling so as not to overstress the
member by picking it up at only one point.
202-4
-------
Handling of steel should be such as
to prevent distortion or damage during unload-
ing and storage.
(5) Check for adequate connections in
partly fabricated units. When not completely
riveted in the shop, the units should be
bolted to prevent damage in shipment and
202-Ofr. CONTRACTOR'S EQUHMENT
a. Check cranes to insure that they have
been inspected, tested and of adequate capacity
for the intended loads at the most critical
position and boom radius required by the opera-
tion to be performed.
b. Check to insure that the cables are new
or are in good condition, not frayed or vorn,
and that necessary safety stops are installed.
202-05. FOUNDATIONS AUGMENT
a. Physical dimensions of foundations
should be checked against the contract drawings
b. Check footings for spacing, elevations
and size.
202-06. AHCHQR BOLTS
a. Prior to the erection of structural
steel, the anchor bolt settings should be
check for accuracy of layout.
202-5
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b. Check to insure that sufficient
length or bolt is protruding above the con-
crete to allow full engagement by the nut.
c. Chipping of concrete and bending
anchor bolts to fit bearing plates is
not permitted.
202-07. STEEL ERECTION
a. Bearing-Plates
(1) See that temporary connections
necessary to hold all steel in proper
position are provided. Before permanent
rivets, welds, or bolt connections are
made, make sure that the steel members
are accuratley fitted, aligned, plumbed,
arid leveled.
(2) Check that top of concrete is
clear of dirt or foreign material and laitance.
(3) Check that bearing plate is set
at proper line and level or slope, as
required for alignment of frame, and
firmly anchored down over metal wedges,
shims and/or setting nuts. The space
between top of concrete and bottom of
bearing plate should be a minimum of
1/24 bearing plate width.
(4) Shims should be steel plates
of varying thicknesses and not nuts or odd
pieces of metal.
202-6
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(5) The frame must be plumbed and
properly guyed before making final adjust-
ments to setting. Setting shims and wedges
should be snugly fitted so they cannot be
easily dislodged.
(6) Check that the dry-pack bedding
mortar between top of concrete and bottom of
bearing-plate is properly rammed and completely
placed.
(7) Check that provision is made for
proper curing of exposed edge of mortar bedding.
(8) Shims and wedges should remain in
place. Parts projecting beyond edge of bearing-
plates should be cut off.
b. .AT ignment
(l) Check that all steel members are
accurately fitted, leveled, and guyed and
adequate temporary connections made before
permanent riveted, welded, or bolted con-
nections are completed.
(2) Do not permit rough handling of
material, such as heavy pounding with sledges.
(3) Driftpins may be used only to bring
together the several parts; they should not be
used in such a manner as to distort or damage
the metal.
202-7
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(4) Do not permit the use of a gas-
cutting torch for correcting fabrication
errors on any major member in the structural
framing. Its use wiH be permitted on minor
members when the member is not under stress
and then only with the approval of the Resident
Engineer.
c. Guys and Supports
(l) Check guys and supports for size
and condition, adequacy of anchorage and
suitability of anchorage points.
(2) Guy-lines must be taut.
(3) Check that contact between guy-
lines or braces and erection equipment is avoided.
Procedures which might cause back-
guys to break during plumbing-up or erection
operations should not be permitted.
d. Field Connections
(1) Riveted Connections
Some of the items to check in riveted
connections are as follows:
(a) The burning of misaligned or un-
fair rivet holes should not be permitted.
202-8
-------
(b) Drifting to enlarge unfair holes
shall not be permitted. Holes that must be
enlarged to admit oversized rivets should be
reamed*
(c) Poor matching of holes should
be cause for rejection of the member.
(d) There should be no space between
the members to be connected; members cannot be
pulled together by rivets.
(e) Heads of the rivet should be in
line, as a rivet which is not centered on Ifre
hole is of little or no value.
(f ) Pitted or pock-marked heads
indicate overheating or burning of the rivet.
(g) Marks or deformations in the
steel around the edge of the rivet indicate
that the gun was against the steel and not
the rivet.
(h) Rivets with malformed heads,
such as derby s, jockey-cap, etc. are due to
being to driven while too cold.
(i) Reheating and reforming of
defective rivet heads should not be permitted.
All rivets should be checked for
looseness by tapping with a hanmer. One method
202-9
-------
of doing this is to take a washer, hold it
against one head of the rivet and tap the other
head. If the rivet is loose, the washer will
bound away.
(k) Rivets unsuitable for any of
the reasons noted should be marked for removal
with the chisel end of the hammer. Follow up
to determine that unsuitable rivets have been
removed and replaced with satisfactory rivets.
In the removal of rivets, see that no damage
has been done to adjacent steel.
(l) If one-third or more defective
rivets are found in one connection, the
complete connection should be redriven since
removal of defective rivets may loosen the
remaining rivets in the connection. If all
rivets are not removed, recheck an rivets
after defective rivets are replaced.
(m) Check to see that rivets are
painted after driving and that other damages
to shop coat of paint are touched up.
(2) Bolting, General
(a) Bolts and rivets should not be
allowed in the same connection in the final
structure.
(b) Check type, length and size of
bolt, size and type of washers, and size of
hole.
202-10
-------
(c) Check to assure all bolt heads
and nuts are resting squarely against the
metal, and that bolts have been drawn ade-
quately tight.
(d) Check for the requirements for
upset threads or lock washers and for com-
pliance with these requirements*
(e) Check for alignment of holes.
Poor matching of holes should be cause for
rejection of the members. Burning to correct
misalignment should not be permitted.
(3) High-strength Bolted Connection
(a) The high-strength bolt is
Identified by three radial marks on the
head and three long indented marks on the
nut. The bolt Is used -with a washer on
the side of the element that is turned,
and a nut, all made of high carbon steel.
The inspector should make sure that ordinary
washers and nuts are not being used and he
should have available AISC Pamphlet "Structural
Joints Using ASB4 A 325 Bolts". Recommendations
on inspection should be followed.
(b) Some of the items to check in
a high-tensile, bolted connection are as
follows:
202-11
-------
1. Unless noted otherwise in the
specifications, contact surfaces of a high-
tensile bolted connection should carry only
the normal tight min scale and should be free
of dirt, oil, loose scale, burns, pits, and
other defects that -would prevent the solid
seating of the parts.
2. Check the specifications to
determine whether or not the contact surfaces
of high-strength bolted connections should be
painted*
3. The contractor should provide
the means axS. should calibrate twice a day
all wrenches to be used for high-strength
bolting.
k. Check required bolt tension
by use of a calibrated wrench furnished by
the contractor. All high-strength bolts
need not be checked. Normally 5 to 10 per-
cent of the bolts should be checked.
(I*-) Unfinished Bolted Connections
(a) Check to see if specifications
require that bolts be dipped in red lead paint
before Installation.
(b) Check that the same number of
threads are exposed in any one connection
202-12
-------
and that the correct length of bolt Is used.
(c) Check for the contractor's use
of an approved welding procedure prior to the
of
(5) Turned Bolts
Turned or rivet bolts in reamed holes
have the same value as rivets. The same checks
should be made for turned bolts as for other
bolts.
(6) Ribbed Bolts
The ribbed bolt is the equivalent of
a rivet and is used -without a vasher. The
same checks should be made for ribbed bolts
as for other bolts.
(7) Welded Connections
Some of the items to check in a velded
connection are as follows:
(a) Check on the qualifications of
the welders.
(b) Check to see that all of the
velds called for on the approved shop drawings
have actually been made, and that they are
accurately located and of the specified, sizes.
202-13
-------
Check to see that shop non-destructive tests
(Radiographing, Magnifluxing) required by the
specifications have been performed and location
for the tests are known*
(c) Check finished welds for size,
length and standards of workmanship with
respect to contour and appearance of the veld
surface, surface defects, craters, undercutting,
overlapping edges of velds, cracks, etc. Un-
acceptable velds should be removed, revelded,
and re-examined promptly.
(d) Weld location is Important;
placing velds in the wrong location may be Just
as serious as omitting the velds altogether.
(e) Over-welding either in size or
length of velds Is to be discouraged since such
practices may introduce distortions.
(f) Surfaces to be welded should be
free from loose scale, slag, rust, grease,
paint, and any other foreign material, except
that mill scale which withstands rigorous wire
brushing may remain.
(g) Joint surfaces to be welded
should be free from fins and tears.
e* Inserts and Attachments
202-14
-------
(1) Structural steel should not be cut
for passage of conduits, pipes, etc, unless
shown on the approved shop drawings.
(2) The burning of holes for attachment
of supports should not be permitted*
Painting
(l) Prior to final painting, the steel
should be cleaned of all foreign matter and
the prime coat touched up, including rivets,
bolts, areas welded, etc.
(2) Final coats of paint should be
applied prior to surfaces being made in-
accessible by masonry, roofing, etc.
(3) Remember that steel to be encased
in concrete is not to be painted unless other-
vise specifically required*
g. Open Web Steel Joists
(l) Check to see if holes in bearing
plate at one end have been slotted^ where
specified.
(2) As soon as joists are in place, all
bridging should be completely installed and
the joists permanently fastened into place
before the application of any loads*
202-15
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(3) During the construction period,
care should be exercised to avoid excessive
concentrated loads.
(k) The ends of all bridging lines
terminating at vails or beams should be anchored
thereto at plane of top and bottom chords as
noted on the drawings or as specified*
(5) See that the principle tension
members are the full length of joist without
splicing or jointing.
(6) Check the anchorage of the Joist to
its supports* Check to see that the bearing
surface frag full bearing*
(7) Bo not allovthe burning or enlarge-
ment of holes in the joist.
(8) Check to see that **JT rust, scale,
veld flux, slag and spatter has been removed
and joist is clean before it is painted*
202-O8. STKKL TANKS
a. Field inspection of steel tank
materials will be made upon delivery, as for
structural steel.
b. Foundation pads, anchor bolts, or other
supports should be checked before erection of
tank starts.
202-16
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c. In riveted tanks, contact surfaces
shall be free of paint or foreign materials.
d. Plates to be riveted shall be carefully
and accurately laid up and shall then be firmly
drawn together with machine bolts or wedge
bolts before riveting starts.
e. Any burned, loose, or defective rivets
should be cut out and redriven.
f. Surfaces to be velded should be free
from loose scale, slag, heavy rust, grease,
paint and any other foreign material excepting
tightly adherent ndll scale. Surfaces shall
also be smooth, uniform and free from fins,
tears, and other defects which adversely affect
proper welding.
g. Damage to shop coat of paint both
inside and outside of assembled tank should
be touched-up with specified paint prior to
final painting.
h. Ladders and safety cages should be
checked for rough or sharp edges, loose rungs,
clearances, etc.
i. Field painting should not be permitted
until «n -water, dirt, grease, etc., are
removed and the tank surfaces are dry.
202-17
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GHAPTgl 203
HELPING
DCDBC
Para, Title
203-01 GENERAL 203-1
203-02 QENBUL REQUIREMEHTS 203-2
203-03 DETAIL BEQUIRBffiHTS 203-2
203-Ob INSPKCTICH PROCE3XIRE 203-3
a. General 203-3
b. Specific 263-3
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CHAPTER 203
WELDING
203-01. GENERAL
a. This chapter covers welding and the
general construction inspectors' duties in the
inspection of welding. Data and information
presented herein apply to structural, piping
and plate materials; to all types of ferrous
and non-ferrous materials; and to welding
processes, gas or electric, associated with
EPA Grantee contracts.
b. It is recognized that welding is a
specialized subject. The check list items that
follow will assist the general inspector in his
duties; make him aware of possible poor quality
workmanship; and show the need for promptly
requesting technical assistance from a qualified
welding specialist on questionable items.
c. The resident inspector should have
a complete, basic knowledge of welding methods,
practices, and procedures. His inspection of
welding should assure that quality welding is
being obtained.
d. Welding and cutting is the greatest
single cause of fire on construction projects.
Large fire losses are very common. The con-
tinuous occurrence of small fires and the
203-1
-------
presence of charred combustible material is in-
disputable evidence of improper and uncontrolled
welding procedures and operations. Prior to ap-
proval of welding operations) combustible material
must be removed or adequately protected. Com-
bustible material such as low density fiber board,
bituminous products, vapors and saturated products
including vapor barriers, flammable liquids and
vapors including paints, varnishes, petroleum,
and other materials with high flame spread
characteristics if ignited cannot be controlled
fcy first aid fire fighting equipment. Fire
prevention and control must be primary con-
sideration on all welding operations.
203-02. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Prior to Welding;
a. Check whether welding procedure specifi-
cations have been submitted and approved.
b. See that welders have been qualified in
accordance with the welding procedure specifi-
cation.
c. See that testing of welders is done by
a qualified testing laboratory.
203-03. DETAIL
Welding Sequence and Procedure Drawings:
a. Check for excessive distortion. Lay
welds in a pre-arranged pattern.
203-2
-------
b. Check approved shop drawings against
contract drawings, noting discrepancies and
advising supervisor.
c. Check weld symbols. Interpret correctly,
d. Check placement of welds in designated
sequence. Do not permit deviations.
203-0^• INSPECTION PROCEDURE
a* General
(l) Be sure that a copy of the American
Welding Society procedure specifications for
metal arc or oxyacetylene welding is available
for your use.
(2) Insure that the approved welding
procedure is adhered to.
*k" Specific
(l) Process
(a) Identify welding process used,
i.e. gas velding or metal arc fielding.
(b) Check welding procedure speci-
fication for agreement as to correct process
to be used.
203-3
-------
(c) Carefully inspect the welding of
the metals. Watch for burns.
(2) Base Metal
(a) Check mill reports to see that
necessary approval action has been taken on
material prior to job fabrication.
(3) Filler Metal
(a) Look at container or color coding
of electrodes (welding rods) for classification.
(b) Reject all coated electrodes
that have been wet or on which the coating has
been damaged.
(c) Check diameter of electrodes.
(k) Position - Insure that no welder is
welding in any position other than that for
which he has been qualified.
(5) Preparation of Base Metal
Observe the Joint preparation prior to
welding.
(a) See that method of cutting bevel
insures parallel surfaces.
203-^
-------
(b) Do not allow torch cutting unless
special permission has been received.
(c) Inspect surfaces for removal of all
dirt, grease, loose scale, slag, or rust.
(d) Examine veM Joint for root open-
ing, bevel angle, root face, and groove face.
(e) Verify alignment of material.
(f) Determine allowable tolerances.
(6) Nature of Current (Arc Welding Only)
(a) Check polarity if D.C. current
is being used. Either straight polarity or
reversed polarity may be used, depending on
material welded and electrode used.
1. Check positive and negative
leads at welding machine.
2. Use Plates 1 and 2 to identify
type of polarity (Pages 203-9 and 203-10.)
(b) Check frequency shown on name-
plate if alternating current welders are used.
1. Does it agree with frequency
shown on approved welding procedure schedule?
2. Require identical frequencies.
203-5
-------
(7) Size of Welding Tips (Gas Welding
Only).
Check tip size.
(8) Nature of Flame (Gas Welding Only).
(a) Check flame adjustments.
(b) Check welder's adjustment for
application (reducing, oxidizing or neutral).
(9) Method of Welding (Gas Welding Only).
Check method of welding to be used
(forehand or backhand).
(IX)) Welding Technique.
Check actual technique being used.
(a) Ifr"""*!"* current and voltage-dial
readings at which pointers have been set on
welding machine. Require measurement by
instruments.
(b) Identify number of passes or beads
placed*
(c) Determine diameter size of elec-
trode used for each pass of veld material placed.
203-6
-------
(d) Insure that all welds are
quality welds, that techniques are such
that there is no excessive weld pile ups
or spatter, no irregular weld contours,
no under cut or no off-center welds.
(ll) Cleaning: - See that all slag
or flux is removed before laying down the
next successive weld head.
(12) Defects - Check welding against
method noted on welding procedure specifi-
cations.
(a) Insure that defects are.
ground, chipped or chiselled bac1; to
sound metal with no irregular edges or
areas of stress concentration.
(b) Observe that metal is not
rolled over defect.
(c) Inspect for surface cracks
in critical areas by magnetic particle
testing.
*.->•
(13) Peening - Check degree of
peening permitted and the suggested or
approved types of tests.
Treatment of Underside of
Held Groove - Check detail and sketches
noted on welding procedure specifications,
203-7
-------
(15) Preheating
(a) Check requirements.
(b) Check methods of control.
(16) Check to see that all weld flux,
slag and spatter is completely removed.
203-8
-------
ARROWS INDICATE CURRENT
ELECTRODE
U>
vb
GROUND LEAD
ELECTRODE HOLDER
^» N I2.^. ARC
WORK
J
STRAIGHT POLARITY
m
-------
ELECTRODE-
OO
t
ELECTRODE LEAD
ff
ELECTRODE HOLDER
*-,
1
WORK
L
REVERSE POLARITY
m
to
-------
CHAPTER 20k
MASONRY
INDEX
Para. Title Page
201-01 GENERAL 20U-1
2QU-02 SAMPLES 20U-1
2024-03 SAMPLE PANELS 20i*-l
20t-0l* 1ESTS 20^-2
a. Concrete Masonry
Units 2QU-2
b. Tests for Mortar 20l*-3
201^-05 MATERIALS 20k-k
a. General 2Qk-k
b. Anchors^ Ties and
Joint Reinforcement 20l*-5
c. Brick 20b-7
d. Portland Cement, Ma-
sonry Cement and Line 2Ql*-7
e. Concrete Brick, Split
Block and Concrete
Masonry Units 20U-8
t. Coping Tile 20l*-9
g. Firebrick 20b-9
h. flashing Blocks 20U-10
-------
Para, Title
1. Flue Linings 2Qli-10
j. (Hazed Structural
Clay Units 20U-11
k. Mortar Materials 2Q**-11
1* Precast Concrete Trim 2Qii-12
m. Prefaced Concrete
Masonry Units 20U-12
n. Reinf coxing Bars 2Ql;-13
o. Sand-Lime Brick 2C&-13
p. Stonework 2Qb-l2*
q. Structural Clay Tile 20l*-lU
20U-06 ERECTION 20^-15
a. Protection 2014-16
b. Erection Procedures 20li-l8
c. Batching and Use of
Mortar 2Ql*-23
d. Brick 20i;-2li
e. Concrete Masonry
Units 20U-25
f. Structural Clay Tile 20U-2?
g. Cavity Wall Construc-
tion 2Q2i-28
h. Chimneys and Fire-
places 2014-29
i. Anchors, Ties and
Joint Reinforcement 20ii-30
j. Cleaning of Masonry 20^-31
ii
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Para, Title Page
20b-07 POINTING AMD CLEANING 2Qi|-33
a* Pointing 20li-33
b. Gleaning
ill
-------
MASONRY
204-01. GICIIERAL
This chapter covers briclc, concrete block,
cinder block, glass block, tile, stone, and
other masonry construction.
204-02. SAMPLES
Have samples of all materials been submitted
for approval?
a. Checl' progress schedule for dates
materials are needed.
b. Is contractor submitting samples early
enought to avoid delay in construction?
204-03. SAMPLE PANELS
Have sample panels been erected?
a. Are they located no as to be close
enough to structure to provide ready access
for comparison purposes? Do not permit
sample panels to be incorporated in the
structure.
b. Have precautions been talien to
prevent damage to samole panels?
204-1
-------
c. Has location of sample panels been
recorded in daily log?
d. Check masonry against sample panels.
The materials, workmanship and finished
appearance must be the same.
TESTS
The following listed tests will be required
in most contracts; other tests may be specified
in some contracts. (For all tests, the in-
spector's responsibility is the same - to
ascertain that the tests have been performed
and that results are satisfactory before
allowing the use or installation of materials
for which tests are required.)
a. Concrete Masonry Units
(l) Drying - Shrinkage Test
(a) Specifications limit shrinkage
of units.
(b) The design of control joints
and joint reinforcing was based on the speci-
fied limit of shrinkage.
(c) This test determines if the
shrinkage of units to be used is within the
204-2
-------
specified limits.
(d) Test Results must be submitted
for approval by specified time.
(2) Air - Dry Condition Test
(a) Units passing this test have a
proper moisture content and will not shrink
excessively from loss of moisture to the air.
(b) The inspector vill require that
the specified number of representative samples
are delivered to the laboratory from each lot.
(One day's delivery is considered a "lot" for
average job.)
(c) Samples must be sealed in lab-
furnished, air-tight containers if testing
lab is not in the immediate vicinity of the
Job site.
b. Tests for Mortar
(l) Contractor is required to have
mortar proportions established and tested
by an approved laboratory.
(2) A certified copy of the lab-
established proportions and test results
must be submitted for approval before masonry
can be erected.
2C&-3
-------
(3) Check for approved mix propor-
tions and check batching accordingly.
(For additional check list on batching of
mortar, see "Erection.")
(4) No change in proportioning or
source of materials will be allowed without
additional tests and approval.
204-05. MATERIALS
a. General
(1) Do materials on site match the
approved samples for:
(a) Color or range of colors?
(b) Texture?
(c) Grade? (SW grade brick always
used below grade).
(2) Are sizes and defects within per-
missible tolerances?
(a) Obtain copies of referenced
ASTM or other materials specification;
tolerances are spelled out.
(b) Use these tolerances as basis
for accepting or rejecting units.
(c) Typical defects to look for
204-4
-------
are: chips, cracks, checks, crazing, crawl-
ing, pop outs, and warped or misshapen
units.
(3) Are storage facilities adequate?
(a) Are units stored off ground and
completely covered?
(b) Are coverings waterproof; such
as tarps, polyethylene sheeting or other
waterproof material?
(c) Are coverings secured in place?
Are coverings being re-secured at end of each
day and whenever rain or snow threatens?
b. Anchors, Ties and Joint Reinforcement
(l) Do materials on site match the
approved samples?
(2) Are corrosion resisting metal or
metallic rust-resisting coatings required?
(3) On wall and partition intersection
ties, check both specifications and plans for
specific details as to type, size, shape and
material.
(k) Check for omission of anchorage,
especially at doors, windows, and other
openings*
20^-5
-------
(5) Are anchors with "bent ends being
grouted into voids?
(6) Cavity-vail Ties
(a) With hollow masonry in either
or both the face and backup masonry, rect-
angular wire ties are required.
(b) Is length such that end anchor-
age occurs in face-shell-mortar beds?
(c) Are drip bends of ties at center
of cavity so no moisture will pass?
(d) Is the 3/16 inch wire either
bronze, corrosion-resisting steel or copper-
clad steel?
(7) Joint Reinforcement
(a) Is vire zinc coated and does
•weight of coating comply with specifications?
(b) Are cross-wires spaced as spec-
ified for smooth and for deformed longitudinal
wire?
(c) Is specified gauge wire being
used?
2C&-6
-------
c. Brick
(l) Has certificate of compliance
been received?
(2) Do color range and texture
match approved samples?
(3) Have broken, cracked, chipped,
warped, spailed, oversized and under-
sized units been rejected?
Obtain copy of AST?-! C-62, C-216 or
other referenced specification and base
acceptance or rejection on tolerances con-
tained therein.
<*« Portland Cement, Masonry Cement and
Lime
(1) Check shipment containers to be
sure materials received are as specified
and tested.
(2) If containers are broken or' dam-
aged, reject cements or lime.
(3) Pay particular attention to sack
or bag type containers for evidence of
dampening, hardening or setting up of ce-
ment or lime. Cement or lime that has
become lumpy or semi-hardened must be re-
jected.
-------
(k) Any other evidence that material
does not meet specifications is cause for
investigation and possible rejection.
e. Concrete Brick, Split Block and Con-
crete Masonry Units
(l) Have Certificates of Compliance
been received?
(2) Have units passed the required
tests for Drying Shrinkage and Air Dry
Condition?
(3) Are all units to be used in any
one structure of the same appearance (es-
pecially texture)? Have all units been
cured by the same process?
Have sizes of units been spot-
checked? No overall dimension (width,
height or length) shall differ more than
the deviation allowed from the specified
standard dimensions. (Standard dimensions
of units are the manufacturers1 designated
dimensions.)
(5) Do specifications state locations
where bullnose units are required? (Present
guide specifications state locations.)
204-8
-------
f. Coping Tile
(1) Do tiles overhang parapet on both
sides to provide for drip?
(2) Are drip grooves provided?
(3) Are flashings installed, as de-
tailed, under copings?
g. Firebrick
(1) Should be compact of homogeneous
structure free from checks, cracks, voids
or soft centers.
(2) Do the units carry the required
rating or is there a testing agency and
statement of results of fire rating test
required?
(3) The allowable tolerances for
fire brick are as follows:
(a) Dimensions 4 inches and over
shall not vary more than + 2% from that
specified.
(b) Dimensions under 4 inches shall
not vary more than + 3% from that speci-
204-9
-------
fied.
(c) Special shapes shall be free
from defects that will prevent ready and
accurate laying with a maximum joint of
1/8-inch width.
(d) The standard sizes are shown
in the specifications.
h. Flashing Blocks
(1) Diagonal groove no less than one
and one-half (1-1/2) inches deep measured
horizontally.
(2) Groove continuous around corners
and offsets.
(3) Sized to replace and course with
two courses of brick.
i. Flue Linings
(1) Is size of flue lining as speci-
fied or shown?
(2) Does thimble size match size of
boiler breeching or smoke pipe?
(3) Is the hard-burned fire clay or
shale free from blisters and warping?
204-10
-------
j. Glazed Structural Clay Units
(1) Are the units of the proper finish,
texture and color range?
(2) Are bodies of units free from cracks
or strength-impairing defects?
(3) Are finished faces covered with
ceramic glaze of uniform quality, free from
defects which would detract from appearance
WHEN VIEWED FROM A DISTANCE OF FIVE (5) FEET?
(4) Obtain a copy of ASTM C-126 or other
referenced specification and base acceptance
or rejection on tolerances contained therein.
(5) Have units been checked for stain-
ing properties?
k. Mortar Materials
(1) Be certain that materials delivered to
site are as specified, tested and approved. Check
that only one brand of one type of cement and
aggregate from only one source is used. Do not
allow careless mixing procedures including variations
in mortar proportions. Variations from above tend to
produce variations in color of mortar when dry.
These variations in color are more noticeable in
glazed structural facing unit wainscots.
204-11
-------
1. Precast Concrete Trim
(1) Has Certificate of Compliance been
received and does unit pass absorption test?
(2) Have sills been cast with washes
and drip grooves?
(3) Is there a joint in sill at every
million?
(4) Inspect for crazing; pour water
over precast trim; if present, crazing will
be apparent. Evidence of excessive crazing
is cause for rejection.
(5) Have units weighing over 80 Ibs.
been provided with built-in loops of gal-
vanished wire?
m. Pre-faced Concrete Masonry Units
(Option for glazed structural facing-
tile-units for base.)
(1) Have certificates and all required
204-12
-------
current test results been furnished for units?
(2) Check units for bond between facing
and concrete masonry units.
(3) Check unit for chips, cracks,
crazes, blisters, crawling, holes and other
imperfections detracting from appearance*
Check dimensions, tolerances and
requirements*
n. Reinforcing Bars
(l) Are shape, spacing and size of
bars as detailed?
(2) Are bars free from scaly rust,
oil, grease and grout splashes?
(3) Are splices the same length as
specified in "Concrete (for Building Con-
struction)"*
o. Sand-Lime Brick
(l) Has Certificate of Compliance
been received?
(2) Obtain copy of AS3M C-73 or other
-------
referenced material specification. Base
acceptance or rejection of units for size
and defects on tolerances in materials
specification .
(3) Sand-lime brick will not be used
for exterior facing unless its use is speci-
fically noted on drawings.
p. Stonework
(l) Do specifications require shop
drawings for stonework?
(2) If shop drawings are not re-
quired, it is particularly important that
a sample panel be erected and approved by
all concerned before starting stonework.
(3) Reject stone with stains, cracks,
chips or seams.
Check all work against shop draw
ings and/or sample panels.
(5) Check anchors, cramps and dowels
for specified type of material, size, shape
spacing and proper installation.
-------
been received?
(2) Obtain copies of materials
specifications. (ASTM C-34, C-56 and
E-119 are most commonly referred to.)
Base acceptance or rejection of units,
for size and defects, on tolerances of
materials specifications.
(3) Units shall be free from defects
which will detract from the appearance of
the finished wall WHEN VIEWED FROM A DIS-
TANCE OF 20 FEET.
(4) Color of tile - Sufficient sam-
ples should be submitted and approved to
indicate the full range of color normal to
the tile. The tile is burned in a kiln
and is subject to color ranges similar to brick.
204-15
-------
20^-06. ERECTION
a. Protection
(1) Is ambient (surrounding) tempera-
ture at or above the minimum temperature
specified?
(a) For temperatures below the min-
imum temperature specified, contractor
shall submit for approval a written pro-
posal of methods of protecting masonry
against cold weather.
(b) Frozen materials ghaii not be
installed or built upon*
(c) Work becoming frozen after in-
stallation .shall be removed and replaced.
(d) Keep in mind that mortar must
be kept continuously above freezing for at
least 1*8 hours after units are laid, never
less than kQ hours.
(2) Protective Waterproof Coverings
(a) Waterproof building paper, can-
vas, polyethylene sheeting and similar
materials j not loose planks.
(b) Tied or weighted in place, not
just draped.
(c) Are coverings provided at the
2QU-16
-------
end of each work day?
(d) Are coverings provided whenever
inclement weather occurs?
(e) Protect the surfaces on or
against which additional masonry is to be laid,
(f) Protect tops of complete walls
from entrance of water, frost and snow until
roof is in place and tight.
(3) Back fill Adjacent to Masonry
Walls
(a) Most faces of exterior concrete
masonry walls below grade are required to
receive parging. Check to see that this
parging is troweled to a smooth dense surface
and at least one-half inch thick.
(b) Carry backfill up evenly on
both sides of wall below grade.
(c) For masonry walls in basements
and crawl spaces, it is best to wait until
floor slab or framing is in place before
placing exterior backfill above the interior
floor grade of basement or crawl-space.
204-17
-------
b. Erection Procedures
(l) Check masonry dimensions against
existing foundations and structural framing.
(a) The two must coincide.
(b) Bring any discrepancies to the
attention of your supervisor immediately.
(c) In reinforced concrete structural
frame buildings - Are dovetail tie slots In-
stalled?
(2) Check vertical coursing against
dimensional vail heights. Would a minor
change in joint width eliminate a fractional
course?
(3) Check horizontal layout by either
a dry-run or by tape.
(a) Is joint width proper to avoid
fractional length units?
(b) Are openings located so units
are of same length against both jambs?
(c) Check for conflicts between
openings and partitions or equipment
locations.
204-18
-------
(d) Check that minor adjustments
are made In vldth of head Joints to keep bond
plumb.
Check control joints for type and
location.
(a) If control Joints in concrete
masonry units, concrete brick and split-block
are spaced more than 25 feet apart, notify
your supervisor. (Normal spacing is approxi-
mately 1^ feet apart, but some designs may
have spacing as great as 25 feet.)
(b) Are control Joints located at
Jambs of openings rather than a couple of
feet away from openings?
(c) With control Joint at Jamb, is
slip Joint provided under lintel? Is slip
plane made of l6-ounce sheet copper?
(d) Joint reinforcement does not
pass through control Joints.
(e) Check drawings for control
Joints that pass through bond beams (normally
occurs at spacing of 60 feet or less).
(5) Is contractor erecting leads at
corners and Jambs?
20^-19
-------
(a) Is contractor using a story-pole
to establish coursing in leads?
(b) Do not allow complete dependence
on string lines between the leads. Use story
pole to check coursing between the leads.
(c) Are masons using levels to check
plumbness and as straight edge?
(6) Is cutting of block and tile being
done by masonry saw? Are blocks being dry cut?
(7) Are all masons finishing joints with
tools of same size and shape?
(8) Are masons waiting for initial set
of mortar before tooling joints? (At the end
of each work day, either the masons must stop
laying masonry prior to quitting time to allow
mortar to take initial set before tooling, or
a mason must be kept on overtime to perform the
tooling after the initial set has taken place.)
A good rule to follow on the job is that mortar be
"thumb print" hard when tooling is done.
(9) If units are moved after mortar
takes initial set, remove and replace them,
using fresh mortar.
(10) Has excess mortar been removed from
faces of units and joints before setting up?
204-20
-------
(ll) Are flashings installed in base
courses, under sills and copings and over
lintels and bond beams?
(12) Is joint reinforcing called for?
Continuously arourd building? Under sills?
Over lintels?
(13) Are bond beams called for? At
floor levels? Under sill? At or above
lintel level? At top of wall? At inter-
mediate locations?
Does brick pattern call for
header courses? Full or dummy?
(15) Is back parging being installed
where specified?
(l6) Is parging being done so as to
provide the thickness, density and smooth-
ness specified?
(I?) Are weep holes required at base
of walls, over lintels, over bond beams?
(l8) Door and Window Frames
(a) Are the specified numbers of
anchors provided for each jamb?
(b) Have hollow door frames been
filled solid with mortar?
204-21
-------
(c) Is hollow masonry at jambs
filled with concrete or mortar for support
of lintel?
(d) Check dimensions of approved
sash and sills. Will they fit in the masonry
opening?
(19) Embedded Items
(a) Check mechanical and electrical
drawings for equipment, piping, wiring and
conduit locations.
(b) Sleeves and equipment will be
built in as masonry is erected, not cut in
afterwards.
(c) All cutting and fitting of
masonry around equipment pipe lines, etc.
shall be done by masons.
(20) Calked Joints
(a) Are control joints being raked
out uniformly and to the proper depth?
(b) Check requirements for brick
expansion joints.
(c) Are wash-surface joints in pre-
cast sills being raked out?
(d) Is calking being accomplished
around framed openings as required?
204-22
-------
(21) Toothing is allowed only with
Contracting Officer approval.
(22) Incomplete vails, not capable of
self-support, will be temporarily braced
against wind pressure.
(23) Check for bonding of masonry to
steel and other rigid construction without
provision for expansion and contraction.
c. Batching and Use of Mortar
(l) Is mortar accurately proportioned?
(a) Check against approved labora-
tory established proportions.
(b) Contractor must provide an
accurate volume measuring device, such as a
box of one cubic foot volume.
(c) Check proportioning at least
once a week and whenever mortar tenders are
changed.
(2) Mechanical mixers should be used
on all but the smallest jobs.
(3) Quicklime must be slacked (slaked)
in accordance with manufacturer's directions.
Quicklime putty, except when pulverized, should
be sieved through a No. 20 sieve and allowed to
cool to specified temperature before using in
mortar. ,
20^-23
-------
(k) Is mortar being used up within
specified time limits?
(a) Contractor has option to have
cements tested for initial set and using speci-
fied formula for computing time limits.
d. Brick
(l) Has clay or shale "brick been tested
for rate of absorption?
(a) Test will be performed by ap-
proved laboratory.
(b) Brick will be wetted as indicated
by test results.
(c) At time of laying, brick will be
damp but with no visible water film on exterior
surfaces.
(2) Is brick being shoved into place?
(a) Joints should be filled solidly
when and as the brick is laid.
(b) Either the "end buttering" or
"pick and dip" method is acceptable.
(c) "Slushing" to fill head joints,
after brick is laid, is not acceptable.
-------
(d) Check to assure that mortar bond
is not broken between newly laid units and their
mortar Joints.
(3) Is space between brick facing and
backup masonry, in solid walls, completely
filled with mortar?
(k) Are structural header courses or
metal ties installed between face and backup
masonry?
(a) Are side Joints filled with mortar
for entire length of header brick?
(b) Are metal ties of specified ma-
terial, shape, size and at proper spacing?
(5) Are an exposed Joints of uniform
width?
e. Concrete Masonry Units
(l) Are starting courses and other speci-
fied courses full-bedded under both face- shells
and webs?
(2) Are all other courses face- shell
bedded only?
(3) Are all units laid up -with a full
head Joint?
(k) Are units checked Just prior to
installation for chips, cracks, and defective
units?
2C&-25
-------
(5) Are Joints of uniform width and
finished appearance?
(6) Are all cuts being made by dry
masonry saw?
(7) Are sizes of units such that
difference between vertical faces does not
exceed 1/8 inch? (This applies to exposed-to-
view and painted masonry in habitable rooms and
spaces.)
(8) Is felt paper provided on three
sides of mortar key in control joints?
(9) Are control joint blocks available
in both full and half sizes? (if only hai-F
sizes are available, be sure bond pattern
provides for a half unit at the control joint
in every course, alternating from side to side.)
(10) Are bond beams constructed entirely
of special "U"-shaped bond beam block? (if 10
inch concrete masonry walls are specified, check
to see if 10 inch bond beam block is available
in your area. If not, notify your supervisor.)
(11) Is reinforcing continuous, including
bent corner bars, for full length of bond beam?
(12) Is vertical cell reinforcing in
place and concrete fill poured?
(13) Are all lintels of depth specified
and with nrf nfrinpp> of 8-inch bearing?
204-26
-------
Are intersecting partition anchors
being installed as exterior vails are erected?
(15) Are ties provided in masonry furring
for securing facing units?
(16) Has interior face of exterior vails
been damprproofed? Check prior to installing
furring for plaster or gypsum board.
(17) Are cuts for electric boxes and
panels and other built-in items being made by
masonry sows and sized so plate or frame will
completely cover them?
(18) Is there a specification that
electrical conduit be concealed in 4-inch,
exposed, block partitions?
(a) It is ail but impossible to con-
struct proper appearing masonry under these
conditions •
(b) Bring immediately to the attention
of your supervisor.
f. Structural Clay Tile
(l) Has tile been tested for rate of
absorption?
(a) Test will be performed by ap-
proved laboratory*
(b) Tile vill be vetted as indicated
by test results.
-------
(c) At time of laying, tile will be
damp but with no visible water film on surfaces.
(2) Glazed Tile Wainscots - Use the
number of full courses that will come nearest
to specified height. If more than 2" below
specified height, add another full course.
(3) Joints in glazed tile shall be not
less than 3/l6 inch nor more than 1/4 inch in
width.
Faces of tile will be cleaned with
damp rag as work progresses.
g. Cavity Wall Construction
(1) Is water- tightness provided by
depressing base courses below finish floor
elevations or by means of flashing?
(2) Are flashing and weep-holes pro-
vided at base of wall and over lintels, bond
and spandrel beams?
(a) Are weep-holes at specified
spacing?
(b) Are flashings continuous with
water-tight Joints?
(3) Are cavities being kept clean?
20^-28
-------
(a) Is wood strip set across ties
to catch mortar droppings?
(b) Is excess mortar, squeezed out
of joints, cut off flush on cavity faces?
(k) Are rectangular wire ties, nHn-timim
width k inches, being used?
(a) Is length of ties proper to pro-
vide anchorage in face-shell mortar beds?
(b) Are drips located at center of
cavity?
(c) Is spacing of ties as specified?
(d) Have additional rows of ties
been installed at jambs of openings, at either
side of control joints, and at corners?
(e) Are solid masonry returns at
jambs of openings detailed rather than extra
ties?
h. Chimneys and Fireplaces
(l) Is flue-lining being carried up
integral with masonry?
(2) Is space between masonry and flue
lining filled solid with mortar? If there is
2C&-29
-------
more than one flue in the chimney, have masonry
vythes (partitions) been installed between flues?
(3) Is thimble sized and located to meet
approved smoke pipe?
(k) Is fireplace throat and smoke
chamber free of obstructions?
(5) Are damper, lintel angle and ash
cleanout installed?
(6) Are required number of metal 'ties
installed for bonding face and fire brick?
i. Anchors, Ties and Joint Reinforcement
(l) Anchors and ties will be installed
as the work progresses.
(2) Ties between structural steel
columns and masonry vails - Are shims required
between column and masonry at the locations?
(3) Ties with ends turned into voids
of units - Are ends grouted solidly in place?
(If) Is joint reinforcing installed
with mortar above and below it?
(5) Are sections of Joint reinforcing
lapped the specified amount with at least two
204-30
-------
cross vires of each section within
(6) Check the forming of joint rein-
forcing around corners*
3* Cleaning of Masonry
A little care during the laying of
masonry j including removing mortar droppings
and careful tooling of joints, will keep the
cleaning operations to a minimum.
(1) Brick and Clay Tile (Not Glazed
Tile)
(a) Minimize the cleaning problem.
High absorption brick should be vetted before
laying*
(b) Make cleaning operation one of
last phases of job. Do not start before mortar
is thoroughly set and cured.
' (c) Remove large particles of mortar
with putty knife before washing.
(d) A suitable cleaning agent is one
part muriatic acid to nine parts water. If acid
is used goggles, gloves and other personnel
protective equipment must be provided and used*
Scaffold and boat swain's chair ropes must be
carefully protected*
-------
(e) Soak area to be cleaned with
plenty of water before applying acid.
(f ) The brickwork below the area
being cleaned should be kept thoroughly soaked
with water.
(g) Clean only 10 to 20 square feet
at a time for each man.
(h) Scrub the brick, not the mortar
joints.
(i) Wash the wall thoroughly with
plenty of water iomediately after scrubbing
with acid.
(j) Hepoint as necessary for water
tightness fmA appearance.
(k) Check to see that mortar Joints
are not damaged or stained by the cleaning agent
(2) Concrete Masonry Units
(a) Remove excess mortar from Joints
and faces of units.
(b) Brush all dust and foreign matter
from faces of walls.
(c) Never use the acid wash on con-
crete masonry.
(d) If tooling has not produced
20*1-32
-------
uniform Joints, it may be necessary to rub them
with carborundum stones.
(e) Repoint Joints as necessary for
vatertightness and appearance.
(3) Glazed Structural Tile
(a) Masons should remove mortar
smears from faces of tile vith clean damp rags,
Immediately after laying.
(b) Upon completion of walls, wash
all surfaces of tile vith soap powder and
clean vater, using stiff fiber brushes.
(c) Remove hard lumps of mortar
vith wooden paddles.
(d) Metal cleaning tools, metal
brushes and acid solutions should not be used.
(e) Repoint Joints as necessary
for vatertightness and appearance.
2QJM>7. pomnm AM) CLEMING
a. Pointing
Has the construction been checked for
defects and have defects been repaired?
Remember the pointing of Joints requires
re-tooling.
20^-33
-------
b. Cleaning
Has all clay brick and clay tile masonrj
been carefully and thoroughly cleaned with
acid?
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CHAPTER 205
CARPENTRY
INDEX
Para* Title
205-03. GENERAL 205-1
205-02 SHOP DRAWINGS AND SAMPLES 205-1
205-03 LUMBER 205-3
a* Species and Grade 205-3
b. Grade Stamp 205-3
c. Defects 205-3
d. Moisture Content 205-5
e. Storage 205-5
f. Preservative Treatment 205-6
205-Ok CONCRETE FORMS 205-7
a. Line and Grade 205-7
b. Joints 205-7
c. Re-Used Forjnwork 205-7
d. Materials & Procedures 205-8
e. Stud Spacing 205-8
f. Walers 205-8
g. Tie-Rods 205-8
h. Braces 205-9
i. Shores 205-9
J. Nailing 205-9
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Para, Title
FRAMING 205-9
a. General 205-9
b. Franing Details 205-10
c. Anchorage to Concrete
and Masonry 205-10
d. Framing Floors, Ceil-
ings and Roofs 205-11
e. Van and Partition
Franing 205-13
f. Sheathing and Planking 205-15
g. Furring Strips 205-16
2Q5-06 FLOCKING 205-17
a* Snbflooring 205-17
b. Finish Wood flooring 205-18
205-07 HCWALL CONSTRUCTION 205-21
2Q5-08 fflXLWCBK 205-22*
a* General 205-2fc
b. Doors 2Q5-25
c. Wood Windows 205-2?
205-09 KXTBRICE FINISH 205-28
2Q5-10 INTERIOR FINISH 205-29
ii
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Para, Title
205-11 IHSUUTKH 205-30
205-12 HABDWARE 205-32
ill
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CHAPTER 205
CAKMSMTKY
205-01* GENERAL
This chapter provides a list of items to
check during Inspection of vork performed
under the Carpentry section of typical con-
tracts. The items in this chapter can be used
by the inspector as a basis around which to
build his own inspection check list. The
list will vary with the materials specified
and with the complexity of the particular
contract.
205-02. SHOP DRAWINGS AND SAMPLES
a* Check each contract for items re-
quiring submission and approval of shop
drawings. Items requiring shop drawings
will vary filth the contract.
b. Items commonly requiring shop drawings
Include:
(1) Exterior doors and frames.
(2) Window frames and non-stock
windows.
205-1
-------
(3) Completely assembled windows.
(U) Interior wood finish, when so
specified.
(5) Finish stair work.
(6) All cabinet work.
(7) Roof trusses.
(8) Prefabricated items.
c. Remind contractor that shop drawings
must be submitted and approved prior to
fabrication or delivery of materials.
(1) Check that all shop drawings have
been submitted and have received approval
prior to installation or use of the item.
(2) Check all work for conformance
with the approved shop drawings.
d. Remind contractor that all specified
samples are required to be submitted and
approved prior to delivery of materials to
the site.
(1) All approved samples received by
the inspection forces should be tagged as
to type of use and location and stored in
a readily accessible area of the field of-
fice.
205-2
-------
(2) Check materials delivered to site
against the approved samples; they shall be
identical.
205-03 LUMBER
a. Species and Grade
Check the species and grade against
that specified for each use.
b. Grade Stamp
Check yard and structural lumber for
grade stamp.
c. Defects
Check defects against the appropriate
grading rules.
(1) Obtain copies of the grading rules
and check lumber for:
(a) Tolerance of dimensions.
(b) Imperfections in excess of those
allowable, as regards:
]_. Checks, splits, shake, pockets.
2. Decay.
205-3
-------
_3. Grain structure.
4.. Knots.
_5. Percentage of heartwood or
sapwood.
_6. Wane (presence of bark or
lack of wood).
7_. Warp, crook, bow, cup.
Full definitions of the above properties or
defects and other grading considerations are
included in most of the grading rules hand-
books .
d. Moisture Content
Check the specifications for the
allowable moisture content of lumber.
(1) Moisture content can be readily
checked in the field with a moisture meter.
(2) Moisture content can be checked
in a laboratory by the over drying process.
(3) Lumber
205-4
-------
treated with a water-borne preservative will
have a moisture content not to exceed 19 percent.
(4) Exterior and interior finish lumber
and flooring:
(a) When 1-inch thick or less, is
moisture content 12$ or less?
(b) When over 1-inch thick, is
moisture content 1$ or less?
(c) When pre- assembled min work is
composed of more than one piece and assembled
in the mill; is moisture content 12$ or less?
e. Storage
(l) Boards ancl Dimension Lumber
(a) Lumber stored off of ground in
properly drained area?
(D) Covering adequate to prevent
increase in moisture content?
(c) Lumber stacked to prevent warp?
(2) Finish Lumber, Flooring and Mill
Work
(a) May "be stored at the site only
in weathertight sheds and at the risk of the
contractor.
205-5
-------
(b) Should not be brought into
bull fling until plaster is dry and -windows
and doors are installed or temporary inclosures
provided. If during heating season, either
permanent or temporary heating should be
provided*
f. Preservative Treatment
(l) Obtain affidavit on preservative
treatment wood, stating retention, paint-
ability, drying time, surface deposit and
moisture content.
(2) When bottoms of floor framing and
subflooring are 2k" or less from earth, they
shall be treated.
(3) Exterior "wood steps, platforms
and railings shall be treated.
(k) Wood nailers set in or on exterior
concrete or masonry shall be treated, including:
(a) Nailers at cave or rake of roof.
(b) Wood sleepers.
(c) Furring strips attached to in-
terior face of exterior vails.
(5) Creosote cannot be used as preserva-
tive for sleepers, joists, flooring, or when:
205-6
-------
(a) The creosoted material will be
In contact with absorptive exposed finish
material such as plaster or gypsum board*
(b) The treated material Is to
received a painted finish.
(6) Check specifications for require-
ment of preservative treatment on exterior
mill-work.
(7) Check for touch-up of ends or edges
which are cut or planed after original, treatment*
205-04. CONCRETE FORMS
a. Line and Grade
Start tilth the footings and check for
confozmance.
b* Joints
Check the face of forms for tightness
to prevent loss of grout.
c- Re-Used Formwork
Check for patching or plugging of all
holes. Finish on the concrete will be no
better than the face of the forms against
which the concrete is placed.
205-7
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d. Materials and Procedures
Check to make sure that the form material
proposed will produce the specified end product.
Also make sure that that forming method and pro-
cedures will produce the specified finish.
e. Stud Spacing
The spacing should be uniform «"d such
that no discernible deflection of the sheating
will take place.
£. Walers
(l) Is spacing of valers at proper
interval to hold the studs in good alignment?
(2) Are splices in valers staggered
so as not to occur «.*n in the same panel?
(3) Is a plate provided across tops
of studs or is there a waler located close
enough to maintain good alignment at top of
form?
g. Tie-Rods
Is spacing sufficient to support load
aiKl maintain alignment?
h- Braces
Has sufficient number been provided to
maintain vertical alignment?
205-8
-------
(l) See that all "braces are at an angle
of 45° or less (interior) with the horizontal
at the base of the braces.
(2) If a series of braces originates
from the same anchor point, are the braces tied
together vertically half vay between anchor and
form?
i. Shores
Check that they are tied off in four
directions at enough points to prevent bending
or movement. After leveling shores, have -wedges
been nailed in place?
J. Nailing
Check that enough nails have been used to
hold each board or panel of the form sheathing
tight against studs or Joists.
205-05* FRAMIHG
a* General
(l) Check framing for accuracy of line,
level, fabrication and fitting. Exterior wall
studs should be checked for plumbness and align-
ment before exterior masonry work is begun.
(2) Check connection and method of
rigidly securing **-*n members*
205-9
-------
(3) Carefully check for first class
workmanship as compared with applicable require-
ments of the American Institute of Timber Con-
struction Publication.
(k) Do not permit the arbitrary cutting
or notching of framing members.
(5) Require the framing of all openings.
(6) Check to see that a 2 inch space is
between chimney and timber
inches between fireplace backvall and timber.
(7) Check for the leveling of timber on
masonry and concrete with slate or steel shims
and do not allov the use of shims on wood or
metal bearings.
b. Framing Details - Check with specifi-
cations and contract and/or shop drawings.
c. Anchorage to Concrete and Masonry
(l) Is anchorage provided near the end
of each section of sill or ledger as well as at
the specified spacing?
(2) Are ei¥JR of every fourth Joist
anchored as specified?
(3) Are Joists which parallel masonry
walls anchored every eight feet? Are anchors
extended over and fastened to three joists?
205-10
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Are anchors provided for window
frames and door bucks?
(5) Are anchors provided for wood
sleepers?
(6) Are anchors provided for plates
on concrete floors?
(7) Are anchors provided for end
studs of partitions abutting masonry?
d. Framing Floors, Ceilings and Roofs
(l) Are joists spaced as detailed or
specified?
(2) Check that a minimum of 4—inch
bearing is provided.
(3) Check "built-in" joists for
fire cut.
(k) Are bridging and blocking in-
stalled where shown or specified?
(5) Is nailing of lower ends of cross
bridging left until after sheathing or sub-
flooring is in place?
(6) Check sizes of openings through
joists. Is doubling up of headers and
trinmers required.
205-11
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(7) Check for joist hangers where
framed into headers and girders.
(8) Are splices over bearings lapped
and spiked or bolted?
(9) Are 2xUfs framed between Joists
or sleepers.for support of cut ends of
diagonal subfloorlng?
(10) Check for ventilation between
sleepers by notching the end blocking
described in (9) above.
(11) Where Joists bear on bottom
flange of steel beams, are metal ties
carried across bean on every fourth Joist?
(12) Are Joists doubled up under parti
tions which run parallel with the Joists?
(13) Are bolt heads which are counter-
sunk below surface of nailers fastened on
top of steel beans or bar Joists?
Are structural members framed for
the passage of pipes or ducts?
(15) Structural members shall not be
cut, notched, or bored more than one-fourth
their depth without adequate and approved
(16) Check installation of roof nailers
2Q5-12
-------
(vented and non- vented), cants, and roof
framing for fascias, eaves, cornices, etc
Check size, shape (groove area in vented
nailers), and
e. Wall and Partition
(l) Check stud spacing* Is it as
detailed or specified?
(2) Are top plates doubled up for
bearing vails and 'bearing partitions?
(3) Check for horizontal blocking.
Check specifications. Is solid
bearing specified for nil edges and ends of
gypsum board, plywood, fiber board and
similar sheet materials? If so, check for
continuous blocking between studs, Joists
and/or furring.
(5) See that nailing of studs to plates
is sufficient to prevent twisting.
(6) Is diagonal wind bracing called for?
(7) Is solid blocking provided for the
hftn^rtiTg of fixtures, handrails, cabinets, base
board or vail hung heaters and similar items?
(8) Check doubling of studs at openings.
(9) Headers.
205-13
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(a) Are headers for narrow open-
ings composed of two studs set on edge?
(b) Are headers for wide openings
constructed as detailed on the drawings?
(c) Check bearing of header members
on studs at both ends.
(10) Soundproof partitions
(a) Are split plates called for?
(b) Are studs staggered as speci-
fied?
(c) Is insulation woven in between
studs as specified? Fastened only to every
other stud?
(11) Vertical alignment of studs
(a) Studs shall be selected to pro-
vide true plane surfaces.
(b) Check after installation, for
crook, bow, twist, oversized knots and
other imperfections over and above pre-
vious inspections. Unsuitable material
shall be repaired or removed and replaced
as required by the specifications.
2Q5-H4
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(c) For wood, dry-wall or any sheet
panel surfacing, it is especially important
to check every stud for plumbness and minimum
crook or bow.
(d) Method of repair shall be re-
stricted to an occasional stud and under no
circumstances shall two or more adjacent studs
be kerfed and scabbed.
f. Sheathing and Planking
(l) Check sheathing or planks against
specification requirements for type of material,
thickness, width, and length.
(2) Are sizes and lengths of nails or
fasteners as specified?
(3) Check whether horizontal or
diagonal application is required.
(k) Do end joints occur only over
framing members, and are boards accurately
sawed?
(5) Is specified sheathing paper
,being installed as soon as practical after
sheathing installation?
(6) Check fastening to every bearing
for specified number of nails or for nails
at specified spacing.
205-15
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(7) Check plywood sheathing for type,
grade, and thickness required.
(8) Staples are not permitted for
securing plywood sheathing and subflooring.
(9) Wood Sheathing
(a) Are all courses driven up
tight?
(b) Are joints staggered with at
least two boards between joints?
(10) Is 1/8-inch expansion allowance
made at edges and ends of fiberboard
sheathing?
g. Furring Strips
(l) Provide 'a true even plane for
finish material."
(2) The true plane cannot be achieved
by nalMng furring directly to framing
members and then applying finish.
(3) Check with straight edge and/or
str ingline.
(k) Shim between furring and framing
as necessary to produce a "true even plane".
This is necessary on all walls as well as
ceilings.
205-16
-------
(5) Purring strips are "nood nailers"
and are required to have pressure preservative
treatment vhen fastened to the Inside face of
an exterior masonry or concrete vail*
203-06. FLOORING
a* Subfloorlng
(l) Check Joists or sleepers for level
and plane surface before installing any type
subflooring.
(2) Wood Subfloorlng
(a) Matched and dressed boards shall
be Installed at right angles to Joists In attic
storerooms*
(b) Under -wood finish flooring,
square edged boards, l*v*ql diagonally, vill
be used and set approximately 1/8-Inch apart.
(c) Are locations of enfl Joints
staggered and over bearings?
(d) Are boards nailed to every
bearing vith correct size and number of
nails?
(3) Plywood Subflooring
205-17
-------
(a) Inspect for specified type,
grade and thickness •
(b) Under resilient flooring* is
continuous blocking installed between
Joists for specified edge nailing of ply
wood?
(c) Check nailing of sheets*
After ipfffc»il't*Mr subfloorlng and
before finish flooring is Installed, Batch
surface with straight-edge and level for
true plane surface*
b* Finish Wood Flooring
(1) Examine condition of subfloor ,
before finish floor is laid.
(a) Is any material daaaged to the
extent that replacement is necessary?
fb) Look for loose boards or sheets.
(c) Observe subfloor for cupping.
If additional fastening does not correct
it, then remove and replace subfloor.
(d) Has expansion been provided for
around the perlatter of finish floors?
205-18
-------
(e) Check that subflooring is clean*
(f ) Check that felt paper is laid
down Just ahead of flooring.
(2) Before "bringing finish flooring
into building:
(a) Have doors and vindovs been
installed or temporary enclosures provided?
(b) Is plastering or any other
moisture producing construction complete and
dry?
(c) Can the temperature in the
areas to be floored be tii»-tTvfa
-------
(h) Floor Laying
(a) Strip Flooring.
1.. Are the proper size approved
nails being used?
2. Are eightpenny spiral or
screw type flooring nails being used?
a. Are nails spaced no
greater than 12~"inches on centers?
b. Are both ends of each strip
nailed?
3. Are joints being driven up
tight? ""
k. Are end joints alternated
so that there are at least two courses
between joints?
(b) Block Flooring
3.. Check flooring manufacturer's
printed specifications for preparation of sub-
flooring to receive adhesively applied wood
flooring. Is a vapor barrier specified over
or under concrete slabs on grade?
2. Hailing of block flooring to
wood subfloor shall be the same as specified
for strip flooring.
205-20
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_3. Are joints being driven up
tight?
4u Check for premolded cork
strips in expansion spaces as may be specified.
(5) Is there allowance for expansion
around perimeter of flooring?
(6) Hold off sanding and finishing
until finishing operations are complete on
other surfaces, particularly walls and
ceilings.
(7) After finishing of floors, provide
protection, such as building paper, wherever
necessary to prevent damage to finish.
c. Check carefully on the operations of
subcontractors and installers where equipment
such as refrigerators, washing machines, cooking
stoves, kitchen cabinets and similar equipment
is being installed after installation of finish
flooring. These items shall be lifted into place,
not dragged:
205-07. DRYWALL CONSTRUCTION
•
a. To produce a satisfactory finished
surface, the following conditions should
be met:
205-21
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(1) Gypsum board should be stored
only in dry, well ventilated and completely
closed-in sheds or buildings.
(2) Gypsum board should not be
brought into the guilding under construction
until the building is completely closed in.
(3) Cold weather installation:
For installation of the board, temperature
should be maintained above freezing at the
time of joint cement application.
b. Inspect all surfaces to receive
drywall for conformance to grade and line
as outlined in "Framing" above.
c. Check contract. Are all edges
and ends of each sheet to have continous
bearing?
d. Determine method of installation
which will result in the least number of
joints; horizontal or vertical.
e. Is gypsum board being held
tight against supports while nailing?
205-22
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f. Is nailing started in center of
sheets and carried progressively towards
edges and ends?
g. Check nailing. If paper surfacing
is broken around a nailhead, require an
additional nail to be driven approximately
two inches away. Check the spacing of the
nails.
h. Check clearance allowed in cutting
and installing sheets so that they are not
being driven in place.
i. Check location of cutouts for elec-
trical boxes and other equipment project-
ing through the finished surface so that
sheets are not damaged when erected.
j. Are damaged sheets being set aside?
Undamaged portions of sheets may be used
in locations requiring less than full
sheets.
*
k. Check for close adherance to details
and specification requirements for walls
around bath tubs and showers.
1. Sheets damaged after erection shall
be removed and replaced. Patching should
be restricted to only minor imperfections.
205-23
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a. Inspect concealing Joints and nailing
depressions.
(1) Require application of thin coat
of cenent over the tape immediately follow-
ing the installation of the tape.
(2) Check for three coats of coaent
on Joints and wii^g depressions with a
nlnlnmi of 2k hours drying tine between
coats.
(3) After final coat of cenent has
dried, see that all coated areas are
sanded as necessary to proride a smooth
true surface. Check to see that the
final coating has been feathered out 12
to 16 inches on both sides of the Joint.
If an occasional isolated bubble
appears in taped Joints, it can be slit
open, a coat of cenent applied under bub-
ble, and the tape resealed in position.
If tape should hate to be remored, the
Joint will be entirely refinished.
(5) Check the requirements for In-
ternal and External corner treatments.
205-08. MILLWORK
a. General - Check nillwork against
specifications and details of shop draw-
ings and/or contract drawings.
2Q5-2U
-------
(l) Is preservative treatment required
for any components, especially those to be in
contact with concrete or masonry?
(2) Check for water-repellent preserva-
tive requirements.
(3) Inspect condition of materials, warps,
splits, and damages.
(k) Insure that back-priming has been
accomplished where specified.
(5) Have anchors been provided as
specified or detailed?
(6) Are fastenings the type, size and
spacing specified, or shown?
b. Doors
(l) View rough openings in wood
framing for the following:
(a) A maximum width of 3 A inch
larger than the overall width of frame is
permitted. Less than the 3A inch allow-
ance is preferable.
(b) Height of framed openings
shall be a maximum of 3/8 inch greater than
height of casing.
205-25
-------
(2)
between tnms and roogh bocks or
(3) Evaluate flash doors for Internal
solid Mocking for hinges and hardware.
(U) Measure for specified elei
between doors and franas after door is
(5) Observe for fit, alignment or
warping of doors*
(6) Check exterior doors and frames
for weather-stripping, calking and flash-
lag.
(?) Fitting and Hanging
(a) Inspect doors furnished against
approved saaplfta for each tgrpe and location.
(b) Sradne for I.W.H.A. Stamp on
door or certificate of compliance, as speci-
fied.
(8) Check for weather-stripping and
specified astragals on doable doors.
(9) Are casings Bitered at corners
and set back 3/8 inch frosi face of jaab?
2Q$-26
-------
(10) Check to see that all cut edges
and ends are re sealed after fitting or
trimming.
c. Wood Windows
(1) Check windows and frames against
approved shop drawings.
(2) Is there a weather break in top
of sill?
(3) Is underside of sill kerfed or
otherwise protected against cupping?
(U) Is sash fitted closely to frame?
(5) Can sash be moved freely?
(6) Do weights or springs provide
good balance?
(7) Check for specified weather
stripping, calking and flashing *
(8) Double hung sash over 3 feet h
inches in width requires bottom rail of
upper sash to be rabbeted full length and
reinforced with a zinc-coated steel angle.
(9) Check for window cleaning pro-
visions where sills of double hung
2Q5-27
-------
windows are mare than 7 feet above the
ground or other horizontal surface* Win-
dow-cleaners1 bolts and/or removable or
reversible sash should be installed.
(10) Are casings altered at corners?
20g-09. KHERICR FINISH
a. Determine material type, grade, and
length of boards to be used, and condition
of material.
b. Inspect for excessive bowing, warping,
or damages of such items as trim, fascia,
•elding, column, and siding.
c. Observe alignment of items.
d. Check for workmanship such as sawing,
fitting, appearance and location of splicing,
coping, shouldering, mitering, excess splices,
etc.
e. Are Joints of built-up items glued?
f. Are end Joints of wood siding made
with vhite lead paste?
g. Are exposed surfaces sanded smooth?
h. Has preservative treatment been pro-
vided as specified?
205-28
-------
i. Are nails set and putty stopped?
j. Are door- and window-trim and moldings
in single lengths?
k. Are joints of built-up members staggered?
1. Are joints in exterior millwork con-
structed so as to be weather tight?
m. For wood shingles, check to assure that:
(1) Starter courses doubled.
(2) Weather exposure, as specified.
(3) Nailing is 1" above butt line of the
next course.
(4) Joints are kept out of vertical
alignment at least 1 1/2".
n. Examine specifications for application
of wood shingles.
o. Check for priming of all sides and edges
of exterior woodwork. This applies especially
to the backside of fascia, soffits, and trim.
205-10 INTERIOR FINISH
205-29
-------
a* Insure the correct quality of each
piece of material used.
b. Are glands provided to which to nail
trim?
c* Are exposed surfaces sanded smooth?
d. Are backs of trim, to be installed
against wood or plaster, hollow?
e. Are Joints tight, sawed and fitted
accurately, and made to conceal shrinkage?
f. Are finish nails used to secure trim
set for putty stopping?
g» Are door- and window-trim, pilasters,
newels and posts of single lengths?
h. Are bases set in place after floor is
laid?
i. For wood finish flooring, is shoe mold
nailed to base only?
20 5-H. INSULATION
a. Vapor Barrier
(l) Check for specification requirement
of a vapor barrier*
205-30
-------
(2) Is vapor barrier being located
against the surface shown on the drawings?
(3) Are joints lapped and sealed as
specified?
b. Inspect insulation for type, weight,
and/or thickness*
c. Are edges of batts or blanket-type
Insulation secured to supporting members to
produce a continuous seal against air
infiltration?
d. If single reflective insulation is
Installed, make sure reflective side is in-
stalled on the side of the insulation sped-
field.
e. Check specifications carefully for
installation requirements for each type of
insulation•
(l) Are flanges lapped as required?
(2) Are all lapped joints made over
supports?
(3) Is Insulation secured to each
support with large head nails or staples
spaced not over six inches on center?
205-31
-------
f. Insure the protection of insulation
against migration.
g. Observe for later damage of misplace-
ment of insulation by electricians, plumbers,
etc.
205-12 HARDWARE
a. Hardware shall be installed and
fastened in place in accordance with the
manufacturer's directions.
b. Are hinge pins plumb through all hinges
on any given door?
c. Does all hinged, pivoted, sliding or
otherwise movable hardware work free and easy?
d. Materials to which hardware is attached,
are not to be damaged during the installation.
e. Door closing devices should not inter-
fere with screen or storm door operation or
block openings.
f. Determine number of keys required and
have all keys tagged as to location.
205-32
-------
g. Check that master keys will operate all
the locks and that tagged keys fit the locks for
which they are intended.
h. Final acceptance of hardware will
require a demonstration that the hardware
does perform its function satisfactorily.
i. Have tamper-proof hinges been provided
at all exterior doors?
205-33
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CHAPTER 206
PRECAST AHD CA51-IH-HJIC1 ROCP CECKIHO
IHDKI
Para. Title Page
206-OL OfflBUL 206-1
206*02 PRECAST AHD CAST-IH-PLACB
CGHCRETB AHD
GIPSOM FOR FLOCfi AHD ROOF
DECKINGS 206-1
a. Shop Drawings 206-1
b. Certificates and
Samples 206-1
c. Verifying Dinenslma
and Locating Iteas
that go in or Through
Slabs 206-1
d. Cast-in-Place Qypsm
Concrete 206-2
e. Cast-in-Place Light
Weight Concrete 206-3
t . Precast Oypaam and
Concrete Slabs 206-5
-------
CHAPTER 206
PRECAST AND CAST-IN-HACE KOOF DECKING
206-01. GENERAL
The next few chapters contain brief check-
lists for some of the materials that are used
in building construction. The inspector may
use the items included here as a start in
preparing his own checklist.
206-02. PRECAST CONCRETE AND GYPSUM; PRECAST
INSULATING CONCRETE, CAST-IN-PLACE PERLITE,
VERMICULITEj FOAM CONCRETE, AND CAST-IN-PLACE
GYPSUM CONCRETE
a. Shop Drawings
Have shop drawings of roof decking
installation been submitted and approved?
b. Certificates and Samples
Have certificates of complaince and
samples been received and approved?
c. Verifying Dimensions and Locating
Items that go in or Through Slabs
Has the contractor verified all dimen-
sions and become aware of «-n items
206-1
-------
that affect the placing of the floor and
roof deckings, and has all discrepancy
been reported?
d. Cast-in-KLace Gypsum Qoncrete
Evaluate formboard system for strength,
conformance to line and grade and tightness.
(l) Check formvork for compliance with
approved shop drawing, line and grade and
tightness requirements. Are the approved
sub-purlins and insulation being Installed
properly?
(2) Set screeds to provide a true
plane surface, free from depressions or
other irregularities.
(3) Is screed-bar rigid enough to
produce a true plane between supporting
screeds?
(k) Provide protection for adjacent
surfaces against leakage or spillage of
gypsum concrete. If gypsum concrete should
spill or leak onto adjacent surfaces, wash
it off imaediately with clean water.
(5) Insure that sub—purlins are
bearing on and welded to structural members.
(6) See that heavier-gage vires of
reinforcing are at right angles to the sub-
purlins.
206-2
-------
(a) Are ends of reinforcing lapped the
required amount?
(b) Are sides of reinforcing butted or
spaced approximately k inches apart?
(c) Is reinforcement anchored to structure?
(7) Check the mixing and placing operations
to assure compliance with manufacturer's printed
instructions.
(8) Protect slabs against rain, snow, frost,
and freezing during and after pouring.
(9) Check application of built-up roofing.
Slabs must be thoroughly cured and surface dry.
(10) Check finish on underside of slab
to see that the finish appearance is acceptable.
(ll) Check for proper ventilation of area
beneath slab during curing period.
(12) Check residual moisture content of
gypsum slab with moisture meter where suspended
ceilings are installed to see that moisture content of
slab is not more than 19 percent before installing
ceiling.
e. Cast-in-Place Perlite, Venaiculite and Foam
Concrete
(l) Check contractor's proposed concrete
with approved design mix. Check the materials
to be incoporated into mix.
206-3
-------
(2) Check such material items as forms,
supports for forms, reinforcements and ties.
(3) Compare contractor's method of in-
stallation of formboard system vith the approved
submit tal.
(k) Check installation of wire mesh,
lap of fabric, tying of fabric, fitting and
anchoring of fabric, and securing of reinforce-
ment mesh in proper position.
(5) Carefully check method of trans-
porting and placing mix. Check temperature
requirement.
(6) Make field-control specimens for
strength and weight tests of concrete.
(7) Check for the proper forming of
expansion joints at vertical surface Junctions
and at intermediate intervals not to exceed
50 feet.
(8) Check the curing of the concrete.
Do not allow the surface to dry out during
the curing period.
(9) Concrete shall be thoroughly
cleaned and dry before the application of
roofing.
-------
f. Precast Gypsum, Precast Concrete, and
Precast Insulating Concrete
(l) See that contractor has received
an approved design mix and that the material
cast was in accordance with the approved mix.
Require proof that material in cast slabs was
tested and slabs are of adequate strength.
(2) Evaluate slabs for correct dimensions
and uniform size.
(3) Check for cracks and deformities.
Identify rejected units for removal from site.
Require the slabs to be properly
cured, marked and stored.
(5) Precast units will be placed by
experienced workmen. Observe the manner of
handling and placing of unit. Watch for
bending.
(6) See that each unit placed is tight
against the adjacent one.
(7) Note the requirement for bearing.
Is cement mortar required for bearing and
does each plank bear on at least two supports
with no less than 2- inch bearing?
(8) Check reinforcing, if required,
for correct size, spacing, and clearance.
206-5
-------
(9) Check clip attachment at spacing
as shown on shop drawings or recomnonded by
manufacturer, (normally each plank vlD "he
clipped at each point of bearing.)
(10) Check anchoring of slabs*
(11) Place cut ends over supports at
the vail or openings; if installation re-
quires cuttings of slabs.
(12) Check for cants at all inter-
sections of roof with vertical surfaces
and transition fills between changes in
elevation.
(13) Check for copies of dusting
test certification for precast insulating
concrete plank and tile.
206-6
-------
CHAPIER 207
ROOFING
Para* Title
207-OI BUILT-UP ROOFING 207-1
a. Materials 207-1
b. Preparation of Surfaces 207-2
c. Vapor Barrier 207-3
d. Insulation 207-5
e. Vented Gravel Stop 207-6
f. Roofing Application 207-7
207-02 STRIP SHINGLE ROOFING 207-10
a. Preparation for
Installation 207-10
!>• fntrfcoi j option 207~1O
207-03 PLASTIC BASE FLASHINGS 20?-11
207-11
b. Asphalt Primer 20?-11
c« M,^«nrfTirHift Elastic
Cement 207-12
d* Installation 207-12
-------
CHAPTER 207
ROOFING
207-01 . BUILT-UP ROOFING
a. Materials
(l) See that approved materials are
being used.
(a) Check for use of proper type
asphalt for roof slope involved.
(b) Require the metal disks to be
at least 1 inch in diameter.
(c) The sheathing paper should be
rosin-sized> weighing at least 5 pounds per
100 square feet or unsaturated felt weighing
at least 7 1/2 pounds per 100 square feet.
(d) Check nails «nd fasteners for
coating required, for proper length and for
holding power.
(e) The insulation must be approved
thickness, type, and treated or faced as
required.
(f ) Check vapor barriers for proper
type, thickness and quality.
207-1
-------
(g) Roll roofing should be of the
specified weight and mineral surfaced roll
roofing provided with the proper selvage.
(h) Surface material of specified
gradation and quality is required,
(2) Insure that when asphalt bitumen
is used only asphalt-saturated felt is used
and that when tar pitch is used, only tar-
saturated felts are used, except that tar
may be used with asphalt-saturated flashing
and asphalt-coated rolled roofing.
b. Preparation of Surfaces
(l) See that the entire section of
roof-deck construction is complete before
roofing begins.
(2) Inspect the roof for being dry,
smooth, firm, and dirt-free and free of
projections and foreign materials. Check
metal roof decks for holes, rust, or repair
of paint coat—especially where deck has been
welded.
(3) Note preparation and safety pro-
tection around roof openings.
(4) Run dryness test on the deck.
(5) Protect roof drain and vent intake
during roofing operations. Check for proper
drainage at other times.
207-2
-------
c. Vapor Barrier
(l) Check locations where the vapor
barrier is to be applied.
(2) Observe installation requirement,
paying close attention to the nailing and
mopping for the installation of vapor barrier
on the applicable deck material.
(a) See that vinyl sheets are of
proper weight, are abrasion and puncture
resistant, and are flexible at low tempera-
tures, as specified.
(b) Test the temperature of asphalt
or pitch to make certain that it is not over-
heated.
(c) Insure that felt is maintained
at a urifrtnnnn temperature of 50° F. for not
less than 2k hours prior to laying.
(d) Note ambient temperature prior
to placing of vapor barrier.
(e) Does vapor barrier seal edge of
insulation at gravel stops, abutting vails and
openings? Bo not seal with vapor barrier if
edge of Insulation is vented.
(f) Check for felt edge envelope
formed for a vapor barrier bitumen stop where
insulation is vented. Install envelope in
steep asphalt or bituminous cement at roof edges,
207-3
-------
(g) Vapor barrier cm gypsum surfaces
should not be mopped.
(h) Asphalt-saturated felt vapor
barrier on concrete should be mopped in place
after priming. If pitch felt is used, priming
should not be necessary.
(1) Verify the method of mopping the
vapor barrier.
(j) Determine the adhesive bond of
the vapor barrier.
(k) Look for an underlayment on the
wood deck.
(l) Vapor barrier is not required
under Inflation on the steel deck.
(m) Hold pitch back from Joints in
precast roof plank.
fn) Check eave flashings to Insure
that installation provides for expansion move-
ment.
(3) Inspect the vapor barrier to assure
that it provides a complete seal over the deck.
See that method of Viwf||r*.1Bc assures complete
adhesion to deck, assures complete adhesion
between plies, and eliminates air pockets.
207-4
-------
d. Insulation
(1) Watch the storage of insulation. Look
again prior to installation; only dry insulation
shall be placed on roof. For wood fiber insulation
check for required treatment and proper applica-
tion methods for combustible insulation on steel
decking.
(2) Note the method of applying insulation
to the deck.
(a) Place insulation so that there will
be a moderate contact between units.
(b) Secure insulation in place by speci-
fied method. Use steep asphalt or nonflammable
adhesive on steel decks. Check for bituminous
cement or steep asphalt edge-strip bitumen stop
on decks or over felt vapor barrier.
(c) Lay insulation immediately preceding
the placing of roofing felt.
(d) Keep insulation dry at all times.
(e) Joints should be staggered if
application is in more than one layer.
(f) Joints should not occur directly
over flute openings in steel deck.
(g) At end of day's work, see that in-
sulation in place is covered with layer of felt
which has been hot mopped to the insulation and deck.
207-5
-------
(h) See that roof drains are not
installed on top of insulation.
(3) Insure that procedures for the
application of pitch and asphalt are as
described for vapor barrier.
(4) Observe requirement for under!ay-
ment over steel deck.
(a) Underlayment is selected and
applied under same conditions as insulation
except thickness is determined by steel deck
flute width.
/
(b) Inspect the actual installation,
(5) Check the necessity for using run-
ways to support mechanical equipment.
(6) Where nailing is required, evaluate
nails for type, spacing, and holding power.
e. Vented Gravel Stop
(1) Check requirements for ventilated
gravel stops, and if required, check treatment,
grooves, sizes and anchorage.
(2) Watch fabrication and installation
of edge nailing strips, insulation stops and
vented gravel stop. Make sure the grooves are
on the bottom and provide a minimum of 10 per-
cent free edge opening.
207-6
-------
f. Roofing Application
(1) Verify the type of roofing required*
(2) Maintain roofing felts at a tempera-
ture no less than 50° F. for 2k hours prior to
use.
(3) Asphalt and pitch kettles are pro-
hibited on roofs* Use of open flame producing
equipment on roofs during roofing operations
is prohibited.
(k) See that felt is laid at rigjrt
angles to the slop of the deck*
(5) Determine lap, nailing, and quantity
of pitch or asphalt applied.
(6) Is ambient temperature at or above
the specified 1*0° F. Halt and rising?
fT) Evaluate fajMi|*-1ffBt3|w* of bitumen or
pitch as it Is being applied*
(8) Note the method of laying the felt
that is inmediately behind the nopping of pitch*
and assure that the felt is broomed-in so that
the layer vlll be free of air pockets, vrlnkles,
and buddies*
(9) Check the requirements for and the
Installation of smooth roll roofing.
20T-7
-------
(10) Examine the method of installing
roofing at cant strips, on vertical surfaces,
and in reglets.
(11) Check for two extra plies of felt at
eaves and rakes for envelope bitumen stop. Check
for application to deck of insulation in steep
slope asphalt or bituminous cement.
(12) Check for extra strips hot mopped
over edge of gravel stop and other metal roof
flashings including lead type.
(13) Is the gravel stop embedded in
plastic bituminous cement and nailed on top
of the envelope formed by the turnback?
(14) Check aggregates for surfacing:
(a) Has aggregate been sampled and
approved for use?
(b) Is aggregate dry and free from
dust, sand, loam, and other foreign material?
(c) Is stone waterworn and free from
sharp, flat and angular pieces?
(d) Is slag crushed, blast-furnace
slag? (If you cannot tell visually, check
certificate of compliance.)
207-8
-------
(e) Is aggregate spread while bitumen is
.still hot? Is it thoroughly and evenly embedded
in hot bitumen? Have, aggregates and bitumen been
applied at the specified weights per unit area?
(f) Check for the removal of loose
aggregate when required.
(g) Check method of transporting and
storing aggregate on roof to assure that felt
and flashing has not been damaged anfl -to prevent
excessive loading of roof in localized areas.
(15) Flashings - See 208-02. Check for flash-
ings at all projections through roofing. Check for
vented nailers at vertical leg of base flashings.
(l6) See that drains and vents are unplugged.
Clean fasciae, parapets, coping, and gutters.
(17) Check to see that the roof drains have
been- set at proper location and elevation, that
they are properly flashed and that they are clean
and provided with gratings when roofing is completed,
(l6) Is a roofing sample being taken each day?
Check sample immediately for free water, bitumen
skips and weight. Record results and replace sample
unless a deficiency exists. Sample may be replaced
depending on nature of deficiency provided a firm
understanding can be reached prior to replacement.
(19) If finished or unfinished roof sections
are used for wheelbarrow traffic, check to see if
temporary wood runways are provided.
207-9
-------
-207-Q2* STOIP SHINGLE BOOFING
a. Preparation for installation
(l) Have samples been submitted and
approved? Do shingles on site match the
approved samples?
(2) Is roof clean, dry, and otherwise
ready for roofing? Check to cover knot holes
and splits with sheetmetal plates.
(3) Are flashings installed or on hand
to be Installed concurrently with roofing?
Check for proper Installation of felt
underlayment and metal edge drips if required.
(5) Check type of gutters. If they fasten
to sheathing under the shingles 9 they should be
Installed prior to laying shingles.
b . Installation
(l) Check starter course of shingles, at
toe eaves. Is it a double or triple layer of
shingles? Does this starter course extend 3A
beyond eave n™» to form a drip?
(2) Check AH^raiM*nL of layers and rows of
shingles. Start rows at center of roof for spans
over 30 feet and lay to chalk lines or other guide
for a neat Job.
(3) Check exposure of shingles on hips
and ridges. Are «n nails concealed?
207-10
-------
(k) Check that each shingle tab is
cemented in place with bituminous cement
vith a contact area of at least 1 square
inch. Check self •sealing type shingles.
(5) If self-sealing shingles are used,
is the manufacturer's warranty furnished by
the contractor providing that if, within a
period of 2 years, the shingles tear or blow
off the roof, the manufacturer shall be
responsible for replacement of blown-off
or damaged shingles?
207-03 • PLASTIC BASE FLASHDCS
a. General
(l) Flashing is required in locations
Indicated on the drawing and as necessary to
make the construction watertight.
(2) Check the location of the raggle
or flashing groove prior to building of the
walls.
(3) Check the method of flashing.
b. Asphalt Primer
Check the priming of concrete and
masonry surfaces on which asphaltic plastic
cement is to be applied. Assure that surfaces
are thoroughly dry prior to the application of
bituminous cement •
207-H
-------
c. Bituminous Elastic Cement
Check the number of plies being placed.
The one on top is always mineral- surfaced.
d. Instil 1 ation
(l) Check for proper anchoring or keying
of flashing. The raggles or grooves in which
f lashings are installed are between 8 and ill-
inches above the roof.
(2) Check for the use of a thick (50
pounds per 100 feet) trowel-applied bituminous
plastic cement for applying felts and mineral-
surfaced facing.
(3) Check the actual setting and cement-
ing of flashing strips.
Check the length of each flashing
sheet laid on the roof and the distance it ex-
tends up the vertical surface. Also, check
distance each ply extends out ontotiie roof.
Mineral- surfaced roofing strips should always
be cut from the width of the material and laps
made with well- cemented selvage.
207-12
-------
CHAPTER 208
SHEET METAL
INDEX
Para. Title
208-01 PREPARATION FOR INSPECTION
OF SHEET METAL WORK 208-1
a.
b.
c.
d.
Shop Drawings and
Samples 206-1
Stiffness 208-1
Expansion Joints 208-1
Dissimilar Materials 208-2
208-02 INSTALLATION 208-2
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
6-
h.
i.
J-
k.
1.
m.
n.
0.
Fastening 208-2
Gravel Stops and
Fascia 208-3
Metal Base Flashing 208-3
Cap Flashings 208-4
Through-wall Flashing 208-5
Spandrel-Beam Flashing 208-5
Hip and Ridge Flashing 208-6
Valley Flashing 206-6
Stepped Flashing 208-7
Edge Drip Strip 208-7
Lowers 206-7
Reglets 208-8
Gutters 206-8
Downspouts 208-9
Miscellaneous 208-9
-------
CHAPTER 208
St^KMT METAL
208-O1, PREPARATION FOR INSPECTION OF SHEET
METAL WORK
a* Shop Drawings and Samples
(l) Do the construction and the in-
stallation comply with shop drawings?
(2) Do the materials match the approved
samples?
^* Stiffness - Are exposed edges of A.II
flashings folded' back a full 1/2 inch?
c. Expansion Joints - Examine specifi-
cations for spacing of Joints in all sheet
metal work. Check plan, specifications and
shop drawing for design of the expansion Joints.
(1) Note the specification table for
spacing of expansion and contraction Joints
for the various materials.
(2) Inspect the location of Joints
with respect to corners and such items as
downspouts and opening.
(3) Check drawings for details of
expansion Joints. See if space has been
allowed for expansion.
208-1
-------
d. Dissimilar Materials
(1) Evaluate the entire job to see that
all dissimilar metal materials in contact,
which may support galvanic action, have been
isolated from each other. Some typical ex-
amples to watch for are:
(a) Copper and aluminum flashings in
contact with each other, or with ferrous material.
(b) Copper and aluminum flashings nailed
with ferrous nails.
(c) Aluminum and ferrous equipment
bases set on copper flashings.
(2) Determine specification requirement
for method of isolating dissimilar materials.
208-02 INSTALLATION
a. Fastening: Check requirements for:
(1) Nailing and cleating the types, for
action and for location. «
(2) Soldering, welding, bolting, rivet-
ing, etc.
(3) Check detail on drawing for fastening
or securing ends or edges in concrete or masonry
construction
208-2
-------
b. .Gravel Stops and Fascia
(l) Has nailer been provided for fasten-
ing flashing to roof deck, and is nailer slatted
properly for venting roof deck?
(2) Check inner flanges for k inch length
applied over roofing felt and for being nailed
3 inches on center.
(3) See that inner flange is set into a
bed of plastic cement.
Mop two plies of roofing felt, one
9 inches wide and one 12 inches vide, over
inner flange.
(5) Check the method of anchoring
loi/er edge of fascia.
(6) Check for the full width of folded
bach-edge that holds the cleats.
c. Metal Base Flashing
(l) Is base flashing installation bein
started after roofing felt has been placed in
the angle formed by the roof and the vertical
surface?
(2) Check the size and thickness of the
flashing (at least G inches up vertical surface
and. k inches on roof.)
208-3
g
-------
(3) Check the lap end the locked and
soldered seams.
(k) Examine the Installation for secure
anchorage, and for size, spacing, and fixing
of cleats*
(5) See that roof flange and cleats are
covered vith two plies of felt, similar to
application of felts at the gravel stops.
&• Cap Flashings
(l) Check the fabrication of the cap
flashing for size and shape. See that there
is at least a 2-inch space between the top
of the metal base flashing and the top of
the cap flashing, and that the cap flashing
laps the base flashing by at least 6 inches.
Also see that cap flashing ends near the top
of cant or roof surface.
(2) See that flashing is being extended
into masonry vail not less than 3 1/2 inches
or into regiet, and that cap flashing is
securely anchored.
(3) Is lower edge of flashing folded
back 1/2 inch?
-------
e. Through-wall Flashing
(1) Carefully check for locations
requiring through-wall flashing.
(2) Assure that the flashing is
being installed in the middle of the
mortar Joint.
(3) Check the design and installa-
tion requirement for the various locations
of flashing* such as: above the roof line,
below the roof line, at the lintel, and
at the sillf etc.
(U) Check requirement for metal type
flashing: the laps, the amount of turn-up,
the location in the wall, and the length
of material to extend outside the vail.
(5) Sill flashing is always required
to extend the full depth of sill and at
least k inches beyond the end of sill.
(6) Check for the use of a smooth
copper slip joint at the end of lintels
between the control joint and the wall
opening.
f. Spandrel-Beam Flashing
(1) Have surfaces, to which flashing
is to be applied, been coated with an
208-5
-------
asphalt primer followed by a coating; of roof-
ing asphalt? The flashing should be applied
before the roof ing asphalt sets up.
(2) Is the spandrel beam flashing marked
with the manufacturer's name or the brand name?
(3) Bo joints between sections of flash-
ing consist of at least 3- inch laps thoroughly
cemented with plastic cement?
Check anchor holes to see that they
are completely filled with plastic cement.
(5) Flashing is to be cut off flush
with exterior wall surface.
g. Hip and Ridge Flashing
(l) Check fabrication of flashing,
method of securing, and length of lap.
(2) Are the proper screws and washers
being used?
h. Valley Flashing
(l) Check installation for width of
material, width of exposed material, and
length of lap.
(2) Check cleating operation and
flashing anchoring*
208-6
-------
i. Stepped Finishing
(1) Check for neat installation with
proper depth insertion into wall, adequate
length of material nailed on the deck and
3-inch lap.
(2) Any joint between the edges of
shingles and the flashing are to be filled
with plastic cement.
j. Edge Drip Strip
(l) The strips are provided under
fascia over 5 inches vide.
(2) Check fastening to supporting
construction and fascia.
(3) Check for the required washers,
which are electrolytically compatible, to
hold the strips away from vented gravel stops.
k. Louvers
(l) Check fabrication for first class
workmanship*
(2) Check louvers after installation
for vatertightness against a driving rain.
(3) Examine specifications for require-
ment for such items as insect or bird screen,
movable shutters, etc*
208-7
-------
1. Reglets
(l) Make sure the proper reglets are
used at the proper places*
(2) Check the setting of reglets In
concrete and masonry, to assure a nethod of
firm and secure anchorage. Is the re&Let
fitted with fiberboard or other suitable
separator to prevent crushing or filling of
the slot during installation?
(3) Check the contractor's proposed
provision for containing sheet metal in reg-
lets. Also check the actual firmness of the
flashing as installed.
m. Gutters
(l) Becheck approved gutters, for type,
shape, general design, and layout. Make sure
that the gutters are supported so that they
pemit freedom of movement*
(2) Check pitch of gutter and provide
drainage to outlets.
(3) Check reinforcement members and
hangers for size, type, location and spacing.
(k) Check basket strainers for gutter
openings into downspouts, and check bird
screens or sheet metal covers for downspout
heads.
203-0
-------
n. Downspouts
(1) Check fabrication of rectangular,
longitudinally-corrugated downspouts.
(2) Check downspouts for being fac-
tory fabricated and corrugated longitudi-
nally in approximately 10' lengths.
(3) Check seams and Joints, making
sure that expansion Joints are provided
as specified.
(U) Check for the requirement for
specials, such as downspout heads, scuppers,
linings, etc.
(5) Check to see that the downspouts
are plumb, that they clear the wall, and
that they are firmly secured with 2-inch-
wide straps, strapped at each section.
The bottom strap is to be slotted to allow
movement.
(6) Check downspouts terminating in
drainage line. They should be neatly
fitted and secured with plastic cement.
O.
(1) Check for Miscellaneous sheet
natal items, especially those shown on
the plan but omitted from, the specifi-
cations.
208-9
-------
(2) Check those items which have been
included in the specifications. Check
items such as snow guards, splash pans,
radiator-recess linings, periaeter insula-
tion covers, etc., for type required, for
fabrication, and for method of installation.
206-10
-------
CHAP™ 209
FURRING (METAL), LATHING, AND PLASTER
INDEX
Para. Title Page
209-01 MATERIAL APPROVAL 209-1
a. Submittals and Samples 209-1
b. Checking Material
Brought on Job 209-1
209-02 FRAMEWORK FOR PLASTER 209-1
a. Metal Stud Partitions 209-1
b. Metal Furring for
Suspended Ceilings 209-2
209-03 LAHONO 209-3
209-Ob PLASTER 209-5
a. Preparation for
Plastering 209-5
b. Application 209-6
c. Correction of Defects 209-7
-------
CHAPTER 209
FURRING (METALI jiA^iUMG , AND PLAS
209-01. MATERIAL APPROVAL
a* Submitted s and Samples - Has the con-
tractor submitted all specified samples and/or
descriptive data and diop drawings for approval?
Has approval been received?
b. Checking Material Brought on Job - Do
materials match approved samples and/or
descriptive data?
209-02. FRAM&/ORK FOR PLASTER
a. Metal Study Partitions
(l) Check studs for galvanizing Or
protective painting.
(2) Check study spacing and anchorage.
(3) Double up studs at jambs of
openings .
CO Has 1 1/2 inch channel brace been
anchored to double studs at head of each
opening? Has 3/k inch channel brace been
anchored above each opening to the three studs
adjacent to each jamb?
(5) Anchor studs to adjoining walls
or columns at 5- foot centers, with no less
than 3 anchors.
209-1
-------
(6) In steel stud partitions more than
10 feet long or 9 feet high, have horizontal
channel stiffeners been installed on 6 foot
centers vertically?
(7) Study contract provisions carefully
for anchorage and plaster coat sequence for solid
plaster partitions of metal lath and channel studs
of gypsum lath in single or multiple thickness.
b- Metal Furring for Suspended Ceilings
(1) Check size and spacing of runner
channels.
(2) Check size and spacing of furring
channels.
(3) Check size and spacing of hangers.
Are hanger wires saddle tied or are hanger
straps bolted to runner channels? Are hangers
suspended plumb?
(4) Have the methods of wire tying
and/or type of wire clips been approved?
(5) Check furring prior to installing
lath, for conformance to a true level plane
surface.
(6) Are wide chases, which are bridged
with furring channels, secured to solid con-
struction on both sides of chase?
(7) Check tie wire material and size
used for tieing furring channels to runner
channels and for tieing metal lath to furring.
209-2
-------
209-Q3. LATHING
a. Check screeds and grounds for a true,
level, plane surface. Screeds will be used to
supplement wood or metal grounds to obtain a
true, level plaster surface.
(l) Are metal screeds as long as possible?
Are splices backed up with splice or tie plates?
(2) Are sufficient plaster screeds set out
for level ing scratch and brown coats?
(3) Set screeds and grounds for a minimum
plaster depth of 5/8 inch over metal lath and
1/2 inch over gypsum lath.
b. Are single-length corner beads provided
on all external corners?
c. See if corner lath is installed for
internal corners where abutting surfaces are:
(l) of different materials.
(2) of Gypsum lath.
(3) of Metal lath. (Except flat base
lath that can be bent around corner.)
(k) of Masonry.
(5) At ceiling-walls locations. (Except
where metal lath of suspended ceilings can be
bent down to lap wall lath, or at floating
ceiling.)
d. Is metal strip lath installed over
209-3
-------
joints between dissimilar base materials?
e. Check method of fastening lath to
furring and to studs. Check size, type,
and spacing of fasteners or ties. They
must be corrosion-resistant steel.
f. Check gypsum plasterboard, gypsum
lath, and rock lath.
(1) Are end joints staggered in
alternate courses?
(2) Are end joints on opposite sides
of partitions staggered so they will not
appear in the same course on opposite sides
of the same stud?
(3) Are joints in walls staggered
with respect to joints in ceilings?
(U) Is every section of lath se-
cured to bearings at both ends and to all
intermediate bearings?
(5) Are nails driven flush with firm,
full bearing, but with no damage to paper
surface? Renail if paper surface is broken.
g. Metal Lath - Checks
(1) the type of metal lath. Does the
type of lath being used conform to the type
and spacing of supports?
209-1*
-------
(2) Lapping of lath sheets.
(3) Whether end laps are staggered.
Do they occur only over supports?
(k) Method of attaching lath to
furring.
h. Check for control and contraction
joints.
(l) Plaster control joints are necessary
at masonry and concrete control joints.
(2) Check for lath support framing or
blocking at both sides of control joints.
(3) Check for struck contraction joints
in cenent plaster finish coats.
2Q9-.QJ}.. PLASTER
a. Preparation for Plastering
(l) Mix plaster according to specified
proportions. Check mixing of lightweight
aggregate plaster closely. Check the set of
plaster to determine whether accelerator is
needed.
(2) In the building which is to be
plastered, assure that a minimum tempera-
ture of 55° F. is established one week
before the plastering operation begins and
209-5
-------
is. maintained until the plaster is dry.
(a) Place heating devices near
center of room. Do not direct a blast of
heat directly onto the plastered surfaces.
(b) Provide regulated ventilation
to uniformly change the air, to remove
moisture, and to aid in drying the plaster.
(3) Have masonry and concrete surfaces,
to which plaster will be applied directly, been
roughened, cleaned and dampened? Check bond
adhesive manufacturers instructions before
application of adhesive to concrete surfaces
when this method of bonding plaster to concrete
is used.
b. Application
(l) Check the number of coats required,
and check the application of each coat for
thickness, density, and smoothness. Check
the total thickness of plaster.
(2) Thoroughly dampen dry base coats
before applying finish coats.
(3) Check for requirements of special
finishes.
(k) Check the curing of plaster.
209-6
-------
c. Correction of Defects
(1) Remove and replace plaster having
cracks, crazing, blisters, pits, checks,
or discoloration.
(2) Patching of defective work shall
be permitted only with permission of the Engineer,
Key the patching to the existing work, and match
the existing finish in texture and in color.
209-7
-------
CHAPTER 210
RESILIENT-TYPE FLOCKS
INDEX
Para, Title Page
210-01 MATERIALS 210-1
a • General 210-1
b. Asphalt, Vinyl-Asbes-
tos, Vinyl and Rubber
Tile, and Linoleum 210-1
210-02 SUBFLOCRS 210-2
a. Existing Flooring 210-2
b. Preparation 210-2
210-03 PREPARATION FCR PLACEHHIT 210-2
a. Felt Lining or Under -
laynent 210-3
b. Temperatures 210-3
c. Final Preparation 210-3
210-Ob INSTALLATION 210-3
-------
CHAPTER 210
RESmatT-TTPE FLOCKS
210-01. MATERIALS
a. General
(1) Has the contractor submitted
samples and obtained approval of all
materials needed for the installation of
Resilient-type floors?
(2) Compare material delivered to the
job site with approved samples, and double
check the material against contract require-
ments.
b. Asphalt, Vinyl-Asbestos, Vinyl and
Rubber^nie, and Linoleum
(1) Compare color or colors of tile
with approved samples. Check carefully
to see that the color is as light as speci-
fied, and that the coloring goes completely
through the tile. Check for the require-
ment of a different color border.
(2) Check type, size, and thickness
of tile.
(3) Check primer.
(10 Check the adhesive or cement.
210-1
-------
(5) Check such miscellaneous items as
felt lining, edge strips, wax, etc.
(6) Examine base for compliance with
the requirements concerning size, thickness,
color, cove, and molded external ard internal
corners and end pieces.
210-02. SUBFLOORG
a. 3xisting Flooring - Check condition
of subflooring for receipt of flooring.
b. Preparation
(l) Have all foreign materials been
removed.
(2) Have joints and craciis been
filled with filler material recommended
by the fD.ooring manufacturer?
(3) Does the surface require sanding
or grinding to produce a true, level surface?
00 Is additional fastening or rigidity
necessary?
(5) Have defective materials been re-
moved and replaced?
210-03. PREPARATION FOR PLACEMENT
a. Felt Lining or Underlayment
210-2
-------
(l) Note location requirements. For
example, asphalt tile is usually required
to be installed over plywood, while other
types, of tile may be placed over wood strip
flooring.
(2) Check placing and rolling of felt
in place. Are edges butted with crossjoints
staggered? Is the applied felt free of
bubbles?
b. Temperatures
(l) Has flooring material been stored
as required at the specified temperature?
(2) Is the building being maintained
at the specified temperature?
(3) Will the contractor be able to
maintain the temperature necessary during
installation?
c. Final Preparation
Defer the actual installation of
flooring until the completion of all other
work which may cause damage to the flooring.
210-04. INSTALLATION
a. Check the proposed laying pattern,
making certain the opposite borders are of
equal width.
210-3
-------
b. See that tiles are cut only at base,
at outlets in floor, and at border where a
diagonal pattern is used.
c. Check adhesive operation.
(l) Determine if the cement is being
applied in the proper manner and at the
proper rate.
(2) The cement mist have the proper
dryness and be tacky before applying the
floor covering.
d. Look for tight joints, straight lines,
and smooth, level surfaces.
e. Roll sheet flooring (linoleum and
vinyl) with a 150 Ib. roller. Start at
center of floor and work toward edges to
remove all air bubbles and wrinkles.
f. Check entire length of base for firm
contact with walls and floor.
g. Provide temporary protective covering
over finished floor, oud keep intact until
building is complete.
h. Witness application of wax when waxing
is required.
210-4
-------
CHAPTER an
DAMPPBOQF3HO AND WATERFROOTOIQ
INDEX
Para. Title Page
211-01 SURFACE FREPARATIOiS 211-1
ft* Cleanliness
Snoothnesa 211-1
b. Dryness 211-1
211-02 IHTERICE DAMPFROOFIHO 211-1
a. Flans and Specifi-
cations 211-1
b. Application 211-1
211-03 WATERPROOFING 211-2
a* General 211-2
b. Application 211-2
c. Immlatlng Fiberboard 211-4
-------
CHAPTER 211
DAMPFROOFIHG AND WATERPROOFING
211-01. SURFACE PREPARATIONS
a. Cleanliness and Smoothness
(l) Have all holes, joints and
cracks been pointed flush with mortar?
(2) Has all excess mortar or concrete
been removed from surface of walls?
(3) Have rough or high spots been
ground smooth?
(k) Is surface free from all foreign
matter including sand, soil, and dust?
b. Dryness
Check dryness of the surface to be
coated. Is ambient temperature above kQ° F.?
211-02. INTERIOR DAMPPROOFIHG
a" Plans and Specifications
Check both plans and specifications
carefully for extent of dampproofing. There
is a tendency to short-change on the height
of dampproofing on exterior of walls.
b. Application
211-1
-------
(l) See that the temperature is above
1*>° P.
(2) Always apply dampproof ing before
furring vails.
(3) Check for application of approved
prime coat for both tar and asphalt dampproof
ing systems, and for asphalt waterproofing
system. Check temperatures of materials.
(k) Check coating for breaks after a
surface has been dampproof ed.
(a) Check surface air voids in
monolithic concrete*
(b) Reseal **TT voids not sealed by
original application.
211-03. WAEERPRCX)FB1G
a* General
(1) Check the requirement for primer.
(2) See that the ambient temperature is
above
b. Application
(l) The felt plies and pitch or asphalt
waterproofing are applied in the same manner
as for built-up roofing.
211-2
-------
(2) Asphalt and tar vapors are flammable,
open flame and other sources of ignition are
prohibited in enclosed areas. Adequate venti-
lation must be provided. In addition vapors
from tar products are toxic and irritating.
Adequate personal protective measures must
be taken. Asphalt and tar kettles are not to
be permitted in enclosed structures.
•
(3) Carefully check the application of
felt and pitch at intersections, the length
of turn-up required at vails, etc.
Carefully check the installation
of flashing and the lapping and mopping of
waterproof ing at flashing and around items
passing through the waterproofing.
(5) Check the application of the water-
proofing for exact conformance with the speci-
fication regarding:
(a) The poundage of pitch.
(b) Temperature of pitch.
(c) Type and application of membrane.
(d) Wrinkles and buckles.
(e) Requirement for reinforcing
strips.
211-3
-------
(f) Requirement for membrane at
control joints.
(6) Make sure that all waterstops,
flashings, etc. have been correctly installed
to provide a watertight Job.
(7) See that membranes are always pro-
tected from damage. Check the requirement for
type of protection to be installed where back-
fill is to be placed. Check for:
(a) Type of board required.
(b) Method of bonding board to water-
proofing.
c. Insulating Fiberboard
Check for protective layer of insulating
fiberboard over waterproofed surfaces against
which backfill is to be placed.
(l) Fiberboard should be pressed into
the final mopping while the mopping is still hot.
(2) Never allow f iberboard to be attached
by cut nails or by any other method which re-
sults in holes through the membrane.
(3) If f iberboard fails to adhere
properly, an additional hot mop coat should
be applied in which to embed the board or,
with the Contracting Officer's specific ap-
proval, a suitable mastic cement may be used.
-------
CHAPTER 212
CORRUGATED ROOFING AMD SIDING
INDEX
Para. Title Page
212-01 SHOP DRAWINGS AND SAMPLES 212-1
a. Material Approval 212-1
b. Ob-Site Checking of
Materials 212-1
212-02 STORAGE AND PROTECTICH 212-1
a. Storage 212-1
b. Protection 212-2
212-03 INSTALLATION 212-2
a. Fastening 212-2
b. Application 212-2
-------
CHAPTER 212
CORRUGATED ROOFING AMD SIDIIJG
212-01. SHOP DRAWINGS AMD SAMPLES
a. Material. Approval
(l) Has the contractor received ap-
proval of layout draT./in;:5 and such n.-iter-
ial as protected steel, asbestos-cement
or aluminum corrugated sheets, cement or
putty, fasteners, special shapes and
accessories?
(2) Has the contractor's method or
installation and erection procedures been
approved?
b. On-Site Checking of Materials
Approved shop drawings, samples,
and installation instructions will con-
tinually be used to check against con-
tractor *s operation.
212-02. STORAGE AND PROTECTION
a. Storage
(l) See that materials are properly
stacked and protected from traffic and
weather.
212-1
-------
(2) See that material is stacked in
a Banner that will avoid abuse.
b. Protection
(1) Material will be handled in a
manner that will avoid breaks, cracks,
chips or other defects.
(2) Check material upon arrival at
the site and while being handled at the
site for any defects and reject defective
212-03. mSTALUTTCH
a. Fastening
(1) Check the cement for color, type,
and method of application.
(2) Check fastener for type, size and
spacing.
(3) Check for washers. There is
usually a requirement for lead, neoprene,
or metal-capped neoprene washers.
b. Application
(1) Check length of side and end laps.
(2) Check for proper drilling and
cutting.
212-2
-------
(3) See that all accessories and
special shapes are provided in conformance
with shop drawings as necessary to make a
complete and watertight installation.
(k) Expansion joints should be pro-
vided as detailed.
212-3
-------
CHAPm 213
METAL DOORS, DOORFRAMES, AND WINDOWS
INDEX
Para. Title
213-01 GHD3RAL 213-1
213-02 MATERIALS 213-1
a. General 213-1
b. Specific 213-2
213-03 HANDLING, STCRAGB, AMD
PROTECTION 213-8
a. Handling 213-8
b. Storage 213-8
c. Protection 213-8
213-OU INSTALLATION 213-9
a. Workmanship 213-9
b. Performance of Work 213-9
c. Cleaning 213-10
213-05 OPERATION AMD MAINTENANCE
mSTBUCTICNS AMD OOARAN1-
213-10
a. Operation and Main-
tenance Instructions 213-10
b. Guaranties 213-11
-------
CHAPTER 213
METAL DOORS, DOORFRAMES, AND WINDOWS
213-01. GENERAL
Make sure that shop drawings, samples and
certificates have been obtained and approved
adequately in advance of the need for the
material.
Check each item as it arrives on the Job
site against approved shop drawings.
213-02. MATERIALS
a. General - Doors, doorframes and windows
should generally be checked for:
(l) Size - Compare the size, shape, and
thickness of the doors, doorframes and/or win-
dows with approved shop drawings, opening
dimensions, and contract requirements*
(2) Materials - Compare materials in
the components of the items with contract
requirements for type, thickness, etc.
(3) General Construction or Fabrication
Check for standard manufactured products and
for first class workmanship. Check for such
things as smooth edges and joints, straight
members, and adequate stiffness.
213-1
-------
(if) For hollow metal and tubular steel
doors, check doors for additional reinforcing
requirements for hardware. To do this, observe
when contractor drills for surface applied hard-
ware. All face sheets on doors must be backed
up by a Jh Ga. steel plate where surface applied
hardware occurs. Check for closure channels at
top and bottom of exterior doors.
(5) Defects, warps, buckles, etc.
(6) Type and installation of factory-
applied hardware.
(7) Finish - Check appearance, and
compare the type of finish with contract
requirements.
(8) Operation - Note the operation of
units for proper functioning.
b. Specific
(l) Doorframes
(a) Inspect the assembly of the frames,
(b) Watch for additional reinforcing
when required at head, corners, and hardware.
(c) Compare location and size of
frame mortises, reinforcing and holes with hard-
ware approvals and with fabricated doors. Check
carefully for special cutouts and reinforcing.
213-2
-------
(d) Verify provisions for anchorage.
(e) Determine special requirements
for light-proof, sound-proof, and lead-lined
fire doors, etc.
(2) Fire Doors
(a) Notice whether door has the
proper Underwriter's classification.
(b) Check for door manufacturer's
applied hardware.
(3) Hollow Metal and Tubular Steel Doors
(a) Determine whether flush or panel
hollow metals are required, and determine the
locations of each type.
(b) If there is reasonable doubt that
the construction of the door does not comply
with requirements, consult your supervisor con-
cerning the use of a destruction test.
(c) Check the fabrication at edges
and where joints occur in the metal.
(k) Rolling Steel Doors
(a) Locate the operating mechanism.
It should be on the inside of the door.
213-3
-------
(b) Check curtain fabrication and
apparent ease of operation.
(c) Check for weathertightness and
wind lock when required.
(d) See if a compressible bumper has
been provided on exterior doors.
(e) Check the guides anditoe manner
of securing to structure.
(f) Check provisions for adjusting
spring tension.
(g) Examine operating mechanisms such
as rollers, locking devices, and operators. •
(5) Overhead and Vertical Lift Steel Doors
(a) Compare the type of construction
specified -with the type provided.
(b) See if the doors are constructed
to be watertight.
(c) Verify the ease of operation.
(d) Look for compressible bumper on
bottom edges of doors.
(e) Inspect the track and guides, and
the method of anchoring.
-------
(f) Note the means for adjusting
tension.
(6) Horizontal Sliding Steel Doors
(a) Make sure the doors are mounted
on the inside of exterior walls.
(b) Examine the fabrication of door.
(c) Determine the method of mounting
and operating door.
(d) Check for requirement of safety
devices*
(7) Aluminum Doors and Frames
(a) Doors and frames should come as
one unit.
(b) Look for the use of factory-
standard products that are fabricated of
extruded
(c) Watch for the contact of dis-
similar materials. Make sure the proper
protective coating has been applied to the
surfaces which will come in contact with each
other.
(d) Observe the method of anchoring
frames*
213-5
-------
(3) Examine fabrication for milling,
dovetailing, interlocking, reinforcing, etc.
(8) Vault Doors; Check for:
(a) Fire-resistant classification.
(b) Special bolting.
(c) Fire-resistant, classified locks.
(9) Accordion Doors
(a) Framework should be metal cad-
niTO-plated or zinc-coated.
(b) Kxanrlnft doors for pantograph
action with hinges and hinge plates*
(c) Check depth, shape, gage, and
finish of track.
(d) See that carriers are the wheel
type, are spaced not over 2kn on center,
and are noiseless.
(e) Note the type and weight of
door covering material. Check for such
reqoireBBnts as being sound-proof and
fire-resistant.
213-6
-------
(10) Windows, General
(a) Know the type of window which
is required for each opening.
(b) In addition to seeing that a
certificate is furnished, stating that the
window conforms to industry requirements,
compare the window construction with the
applicable industry specification.
(c) Compare windows shipped to the
site with approved window sample.
(d) Check thickness and gages of
metal*
(e) Examine the rigidity of unit and
the im«Hymim width allowed. If there is any
question as to the structural soundness of the
window units, you should talk with your super-
visor about sending the window to a laboratory
for testing.
(f) Verify the proposed method of
anchoring the units.
(g) Be sure windows are fabricated
so as to be completely watertight.
(h) Examine air infiltration certi-
ficates and compare weather-stripping and
construction of tested unit with the unit
furnished for the job.
213-7
-------
(i) Evaluate the proposed method
of glazing.
(j) Determine by what method
screen and storm sash "will be attached.
(k) Inspect screen and storm
sash for general construction. Check mesh
size.
(l) Note hardware and operation.
Watch for metal-to-metal contact of moving
parts.
(m) Look for special requirements
of such items as special millions, window
cleaners1 bolts, trim, stools, casings, pull-
down-hooks, poles, and sub-frames.
213-03. HANDLING> STORAGE, AND PROTECTION
a> Handling - Insure the careful handling
of all items during transportation both to the
job and at the job. Be on the alert for
evidences of mishandling, which could result
in later complications in the operations of a
unit.
b. Storage - Units should always be stored
under cover and in a manner that will not cause
warping or other damage.
c. Protection - Halve sure items are pro-
tected from the stacking and handling of
213-3
-------
building materials, and from the accumu-
lation of cement, lime, etc. Keep units
closed unless there is a reason for them
to be open. You should expect all items
to be like new when turned over for use
idth the building.
213-Ok. INSTALLATICH
a • Workmanship
(1) Review the initial installation
of each item for the work being performed
toy .skilled mechanics who are familiar
with the pv*Tni'fo>f^nTfyr * a JJnffteitTfl'tlflti pro—
cedures, shop drawings, and contract re-
cpt T ^*B
(2) Check the alignment of each item.
See that it is plumb, square, and level.
b. Performance of Work
(1) Check the actual anchorage of
each item.
(2) Using the necessary gages, check
all clearances.
(3) See that the required calking is
properly provided.
(U) Check for the proper installation
of required weather-stripping.
213-9
-------
(5) Determine the adjustment of hard-
ware. Actually operate each unit to see that
it operates smoothly and easily.
(6) Observe the e1*""1^ operation.
(7) Determine the requirements and
the need for lubrication.
(8) Check the painting.
c. Cleaning
(1) Note the cleaning operation. Watch
especially for inadequate jobs that will result
in poor appearance, staining, discoloring and/or
the fouling of weathering surfaces, weather-
stripping or operating hardware.
(2) Units that cannot be satisfactorily
cleaned will be replaced.
213-05* OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
AHD GUARANTIES
a. Operation and Maintenance Instructions
(l) Verify the need for operation and/or
instructions .
(2) Insure that the necessary instruc-
tions are obtained and that the equipment is
Installed according to instructions.
213-10
-------
b. Guaranties - Electric-power operators
usually require a guaranty. Make sure It
is obtained.
-------
CHAPTER 214
CABINETS, CASEWORK AMD WARDROBES
IKEEX
Para. Title Page
214-01 REVIBW OF CONTRACT
REQUIREKENTS 214-1
a. Types 214-1
b. Approvals 214-1
c. Interferences 214-1
214-02 FABRICATION 214-1
a. General 214-2
b. Framing 214-2
c. Wall or Side Panels,
Partitions and Bottoms 214-3
d. Cabinets and Counter
214-03
214-04
Tops oxl Splash Barks
e. Base
f. Doors
g. Drawers
h. Shelves
i. Molding and Trim
j. Sinks
k. Miscellaneous
PROTECTION
INSTALLATION
214-3
214-4
214-4
214-4
214-5
214-5
214-5
214-5
214-5
214-6
-------
CBAPTER 214
CABINETS. CASEWDBK AMD WAKDROBES
KKVlKVf OF COXfTRACT REQUIEEMEtfTS
a.
Examine contract and become familiar
with;
(l) Type of cabinets, casework,
wardrobes, and similar items which are
required.
(2) Detail requirements for each.
(3) Installation location.
b. Approvals
Check for timely approvals of
each unit and review approvals for
compliance with plans and specifications,
c. Interferences
Check for interference between
cabinets, casework, and wardrobes, and
structural, electrical, and mechanical
items of the building.
211+ -02. FABRICATION
-------
a. General
(l) Upon delivery to the Job, compare
each item with the approved shop draw-
ings and samples.
(2) Carefully compare all dimen-
sions of the cabinets, casevorks and
wardrobes with those shown on the shop
drawings, and with the available space.
(3) Check gages and types of metal,
and check size and species of woods used
In the fabricated units.
(k) Check types of finishes pro-
vided on both wood and metal units.
(5) Check provisions for fastening
and anchoring.
b. Framing
Check:
(l) Sizes of framing members.
(2) If framing construction Is
satisfactory.
(3) The adequacy of the connections
of framing members.
If adequate bracing Is provided
for rigidity.
214-2
-------
c. Wall for Side Panels, Partitions and
Bottoms
(l) Check type of material utilized
and composition of panels and plates.
(2) See if there is a requirement for
special radius of bends at intersections
of horizontal and vertical surfaces, and if
so, see that this requirement is being carried
out.
(3) Check fastenings and joints of
panels and plates.
(k) The wood should not contain
splices, and metal weld permitted in
finish surfaces should be smoothly grounded.
(5) Watch for raw edges.
d. Cabinets and Counter Tops and Splash
Backs
(l) Check type, color and quality of
material used.
(2) Check dimensions. Especially
watch the amount of overhang of cabinet
and counter tops and the height of splash
backs.
-------
(3) Ch^fr method of fastening 'tops
to unite.
(k) Watch for rav edges.
e. Base
(l) Vote material used.
(2) Check the height and distance
from the face of the base to the face of
the cabinet.
f. Doors
(l) Check composition, accuracy of
fabrication, fit, and thickness.
(2) Check hardware.
g. Dravers
(l) gM»HTi«» material used in fabri-
cating various parts, and ennn1np the
thickness of the material.
(2) Measure size, -truOtyHtig depth.
(3) Hote guides or runners, bearings
and rollers, for method of construction,
and the ease and quietness of operation
to full, extended position.
(k) Check for specified pulls and stops,
-------
h. Shelves
(l) Check the requirement for
adjustable provisions.
(2) Check material and fabrication;
usually a one-piece shelf is required.
(3) Watch for the necessity of re-
inforcement for wide shelves.
i. Molding and Trim
Check the requirements for special
moldings, trims, etc.
j; Sinks
(l) Check the provisions for water-
tight installation, and check plumbing
requirements.
(2) Make certain that roughing-in
has been properly accomplished.
k. Miscellaneous
Examine the contract for special
requirements, such -as chases, racks, sign
holders, receptacles, etc.
-------
23A-03. PROTECTION
a. Determine that care is taken in hand-
ling of fabricated items. Damaged items
should be replaced.
b. Protect installed items from adjacent
construction operation.
21Jj.-Qli. INSTALLATION
a. Assure that installation is being
made by skillful workmen and performed in
accordance with manufacturers1 recommenda-
tions and contract requirements.
b. Verify setting of items for proper
alignment level and plumb.
c. Check the method of fastening and/or
anchoring.
d. Watch for the utilization of dis-
similar material together and the utilization
of non-compatible fasteners.
e. Make certain that small spaces between
walls and installed items are sealed as
required.
f. Determine the necessity of fillers.
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CHAPTBl 215
CALKIHO, PMSS AMD QLAZIMG
INDEX
Para. Title
215-01 CALKING 215-1
a. Material 215-1
b. Area Requiring
Calking 215-1
c. Preparing for Calking 215-1
d. Application 215-2
215-02 GLASS 215-2
a. Types 215-2
b. Characteristics 215-2
c. Other Materials 215-3
d. Storage and Protection 215-3
e. fr1?yt?*c 215-U
f. Mirrors 215-5
g. Cleaning and Accept*
ance 215-6
-------
CHAPTER 215
CALKING, GLASS AND GLAZING
215-01, CALKUC
a* Material
(l) Check grade, color, -workability and
adhesion of calking*
(2) Check for the use of the proper
sealer andxope yam*
"b. Area
Watch for calking around such built-in
items as doors and wlndovs, Joints in wash
surfaces of precast concrete items, and
vertical control joints.
(l) Bo calking materials need testing?
If so, check to assure that material used is
from batch tested.
(2) Have grooves of adequate depth been
provided, and are they cleaned of mortar, dust
and foreign matter?
(3) Has rope yarn been packed In grooves
nhere necessary?
(k) Has the required sealer been coated
over the surface to receive calking?
215-1
-------
d. Application
(l) Make certain that the workmen have
the proper type of gun.
(2) See that grooves are solidly filled.
(3) See that appearance is uniform and
relatively smooth.
Bo not allow smears of calking*
215-Q2. GLASS
a.
(l) Be familiar vith the various types
of glass required ***** the locations in which
each type is to be installed.
(2) Make certain that each type is
approved before it is needed on the Job.
b. Characteristics
(l) Watch for use of single strength
being used where double strength or stronger
is required. Labels should be on the glass.
Inspect complete window and/or door units
when delivered to Job site and prior to In-
stallation to assure proper glazing.
(2) Check quality and thickness. These
are inm^iiy dependent upon use and size of
opening.
215-2
-------
(3) Evaluate for such requirements as
being polished or unpolished, clear or trans-
lucent, figured, fire-rating, light-diffusing,
beat-tempered, wire, heat-absorbing, laminated,
corrugated, insulating, etc.
°* Other Materials
Determine requirement and approval of
putty, glazing compound, glazing tape,
glazier pointers, nails, screws, shims,
separators, special channels, beads, etc*
d. Storage and Protection
(l) Pay careful attention to the
storage and protection of acrylic plastic
sheets*
(a) Sheets, when received, should
be covered with tissue paper or masking
paper, and protected during storage with the
paper intact*
(b) Keep sheets clean and away from
direct heat and solvent fumes.
(2) Make certain that acrylic plastic
sheets are protected from paint, plaster and
tar.
(3) See that care is taken in the
stacking of ft11 glass to prevent the pl<¥r1 ^c
of unnecessary straip aa the sheets.
215-3
-------
(k) Do not permit storage of insulating
glass so as to be subject to high temperature
differential such as caused by sun.
e . Glazing
(l) During installation of double in-
sulating glass, do not permit installer to
remove glass tips formed during manufacture or
allow striking of units against frames or other
objects.
(2) Call supervisor's attention that
requires glazing with epoxy or similar harden-
ing- type material for glazing.
(3) See that glazing rabbets and beads
are double primed prior to glazing.
See that each piece of glass bears
the manufacturer's label and is free of
cracks, chips, etc.
(5) Require conformance with the re-
quirements for embedding, the use of points
or similar items, puttying, etc.
(6) Look for the priming of all wood
moldings before installation.
(7) Examine the required clearance
between sash and panes, especially for acrylic
plastic sheets.
(8) Check for a positive seal between
the glass and the sash.
-------
(9) Determine the need for plastic
shims or separators in glazing aluminum sash.
(10) See that fixed single panes in-
stalled in metal sash are being set in con-
tinuous vinyl or neoprene plastic channels.
The channels should be the proper size to
provide a snug fit.
(ll) Always watch for installations
that could later result in the glazed units
not being watertight.
(12) See that corrosion resistant
type nails and screws are used in beads of
exterior units.
(13) Require removal of masking tape
from acrylic plastic as soon as possible
after gj^y-ing of each sheet has been com-
pleted. Removal of some types of masking
tape from acrylic plastic sheets subjected
to sunlight is difficult without causing
damage to the sheets; removal is sometimes
impossible.
f• Mirrors
(l) Correlate the type furnished
with approved shop drawings.
(2) Determine whether there is a
need for testing the mirrors.
(3) Check installation.
215-5
-------
(a) Is concealed, non-tamperable
installation required?
(b) Has the method of anchorage
been built into the wall?
(c) Is mirror required to be in-
stalled 5^ inches from the floor?
(d) Is the mirror properly centered
with respect to fixtures?
g. Cleaning and Acceptance
(l) Make certain that all glass
surfaces are cleaned of labels, paint,
putty and other defacements.
(2) Check the waxing of acrylic
plastic .
215-6
-------
CHAPTER 216
TBIRAZZO; CERAMIC AMD QPAREI TUB
Para > Title Page
216-OL TERRAZZQ 216-1
a. Materials 216-1
b. Preparation for
Placement of Terrazso 216-1
c. Laying 216-2
216-02 CERAMIC AMD QUAERT THE 216-3
a. Material 216-3
b. Installation of Van
Tile 216-3
c. Installation of Floor
Tile 216-5
-------
CHAPTER 216
TERRAZZQ; clRAMIC AND QUARRT TILE
216-01. TERRA2ZQ
a* Materials
(1) Compare the contractor's mix with
the specification requirements.
(a) See that the correct proportions
of cement, sand, coloring, aggregates,
marble chips, and water are being provided.
(b) See that each material to be
used in the mix has been approved.
(2) Check for approval of such other
materials as strips, Inserts, reinforce-
ments, etc.
b. Preparation for Placement of Terrazzo
(1) Inspect texture of the surface to
receive terrazzo. If smooth, see that it
is roughened as necessary to obtain a good
bond.
(2) Make sure that the surface is
cleaned of all dirt, oil, grease, and ex-
traneous matter.
(3) Note the setting of division and
216-1
-------
edging strips for:
(a) Proper layout.
(b) Secure anchorage.
(c) Solid grout.
(d) Line and grade.
(e) Tightly fitted end joints and
intersections .
Determine whether the surface to
receive terrazzo is properly moistened..
(5) Inspect the grouting operation
for the mix used, quantity, spreading, and
leveling.
c. Laying
(l) Examine the laying operation for
proper placing, tamping, rolling and trow-
eling operations that will result in a dense,
smooth surface, slightly above the finish
line of the floor.
(2) Check the method, temperature,
and time of curing.
(3) Inspect the grinding operation
for a true, even surface with the required
appearance.
216-2
-------
(U) Determine the need for hand-
nibbing in hard-to-get-to places.
(5) Make certain that the floor is
properly protected from abuse during
placing and finishing operations.
(6) Check the cleaning of the floor
for the removal of all stains, cement
smears, dirt, etc*
(7) Make certain that a sealing pre-
servative is applied to the clean terrazzo
floor.
216-02. CERAMIC AND QDARRY TILE
a. Material
(1) Verify that all materials needed
in the installation of the tile have been
approved.
(2) Check size, color and pattern of
furnished tile.
(3) Compare all materials delivered
with approved samples and literature.
b. Installation of Wan Hie
(1) Inspect the preparation for the
placement of tile.
-------
(a) Check the location and the an-
chorage of studs or furring.
(b) Check the lath for placement,
lap, and support. See that the lath is
tied with zinc-coated vires.
(c) Check scratch-coat and float-
coat operations, the composition and work-
ability of the nix used, the application,
and the curing.
(2) Inspect the setting of tile for:
(a) Straight, level, perpendicular
and uniform lA&-inch Joints*
(b) Soaked tile from which free
surface water has been removed.
(c) Firmness of set.
(d) Damaged or defective tile.
(e) Secure installation of accesso-
ries.
(f) Proper application by the ad-
hesive method.
(3) Inspect the grouting operation.
(a) See that edges of the tile are
thoroughly vet before application of grout.
216-14
-------
(b) Check the placing of grout,
tooling and cleaning.
(c) Check time, temperature, and
method of curing.
c. Installation of Floor Tile
(l) See that the vails are installed
before the floors are installed.
(2) Check setting-bed mix.
(3) Check preparation of setting-bed.
Check layout.
(5) Check requirement for such items
as waterproofing and reinforcement. In
watching installation of reinforcement, make
certain that it is properly supported and
secured in center of the fill.
(6) Check cutting and fitting of tile,
(7) Do not allow contractor to place
excessive setting bed ahead of tiling op-
eration, since tile should not be placed on
material that has obtained initial set.
(3) Assure that a solid bedding is
obtained .
216-5
-------
(9) Closely examine grouting and
cleaning.
(10) Examine specifications for areas
requiring resinous mortar. Carefully check
the application of the war tar.
(11) Determine if expansion joints are
needed or required, and check the accurate
location of expansion Joints.
216-6
-------
CHAPTHt 21?
MOVABLE, ACCCRDIdf AND TOILET PARTTTICNS
INDEX
Para, Title Page
217-01 MATERIALS 217-1
217-02 BiSTALLATICH 217-2
-------
CHAPm 217
MOVAELE, ACCCEDICH AHD TOILET PARTI TICKS
217-01. MATHHIL3
a. Krairinft contract and determine the
types of partitions required for tfee job.
Make sure early approval is obtained on
each, in order to aroid the delay of con-
struction*
b. As each partition arrives on the
£obj compare all features with approved
submittals. Compare doors, screens, panels
and framing for such features as:
(1) Size and shape.
(2) Material compositions.
(3) Construction and assembly.
(t) Bracing.
(5) Insulation.
(6) Method of fastening and supporting.
(7) Sound and fire resistance. .
(8) Finish and hardware.
c. Determine the need for such items as
base, fillers, and plinths.
217-1
-------
217-02. INSTALLATION
a. Utilize partition manufacturer's
instructions .
b. During the initial stages of con-
struction, check for neat, accurate work-
manship. Be alert to minimizing the
cutting and drilling of existing structure
as well as of the new partitions.
c. Check the fitting, jointing, and
anchorin
g
d. See that assembly is straight,
plumb, and level.
e. Reject any units that are dented,
punctured, deeply scratched, or otherwise
damaged. Slight mars, abrasions or
scratches may be touched up if they can be
repaired to match undamaged parts.
f . Check the proper installation of
all hardware and accessories.
g. Check sound barrier above suspended
ceiling for tight fit around roof deck and
over header. This applies to installations
accordion type folding doors.
h. Check sweep strip of accordion doors
for snug fit at floor.
217-2
-------
CHAPTER 218
HARDWARE
INDEX
Para. Title Page
218-01 MATERIAL 218-1
a. Submittals 218-1
b. Delivery of Material 218-2
218-02 APHLICAHCH 218-3
a. General 216-3
b. Installation Checks 218-3
-------
CHAP1ER 218
HARDWARE
218-01. MATBIIAL
a. Subaittals
(1) Make sure that the contractor
obtains an early approval of hardware
schedule and samples or an affidavit.
(2) Doable-check the schedule to
assure that you understand it and that no
openings have been omitted.
(3) Be alert to hardware requirements
and installation on such items as:
(a) Roof scuttles
(b) Toilet and other partitions
(c) Sliding, rolling and lift doors
(d) Refrigerator and other mechani-
cal equipment doors
(e) Screens
(f) Venetian blinds
(g) Curtains
(h) Rollers
218-1
-------
Hardware items which need close
observation because they are often overlooked
are such items as astragals, silencers, co-
ordinators, holders, stops, and thresholds.
(5) Watch for restrictions on use of
b. Delivery of Material
(l) See that hardware is obtained for
each opening and that the hardware is the same
as that which is included on the approved
schedule.
(2) Check the sizes of such items as
push-, pull-, kick- and armor-plates, hinges,
closers, and thresholds.
(3) Check to see that all builders'
hardware items arrive at job- site in manu-
facturers' unopened containers. Boxes,
containers, etc., should not be opened until
item is ready for attaching to door.
(k) Examine items for the utilization
of the correct materials, such as bronze,
brass, ^iiiyninmn^ stainless steel, and prime
coated steel in the construction of the hard-
ware. Determine whether the material is cast,
wrought, extruded, stamped, or forged.
218-2
-------
(5) Check the finish of the materials.
(6) Check the characteristics of the
operation and the use of the hardware.
(7) Check the keying.
218-02. APPLICATION
a. General
(l) Check for quality workmanship and
the proper installation of each item of hard-
ware.
(a) Compare installation with manu-
facturer's instructions.
(b) Determine the proper installation
height and location.
(c) Examine the method of fastening.
Evaluate for durability and rigidity.
(2) Make sure that the proper size and
type of hardware is being installed on each
door and window.
b. Installation Checks
(l) Observe whether there are non-
removable pins in hinges installed on out-
swinging exterior doors and on doors to
218-3
-------
secure areas which swing into corridors for
fire safety reasons.
(2) Insure the use of proper closer
brackets. Note the installation of closer
for adequate clearance between the bottom
of the closer and the floor.
(3) Look for the omission of stops
and silencers. Watch for installations
which will allow hardware to swing into
parts of the structure or into other hardware.
(k) Check for the matching of hardware
finishes in each area.
(5) See that each item of hardware
functions properly after installation.
(6) Check for omission of thresholds
and their size and shape.
218-4
-------
CHAPTSt 219
PAIMTPIG
3HDEI
Para. Title
219-01 WSStAL 219-1
219-02 GEHERAL REQUIREMENTS 219-1
a. Check all Paint Con-
tainers 219-1
b. Saoqples and Testing 219-2
c. Preparations Prior to
Painting 219-4
d« Mixing and Thinning
of Paint 219-U
e. Storage of Materials
and Safety Precautions 219-6
f. General Inspection
Requirements 219-7
g. Specifics on Appli-
cation of Paint 219-12
-------
CHAPTER 21
-------
(e) Manufacturer's directions.
(f) Manufacturer's name.
(3) Reject pigmented paint in con-
tainers over 5 gallons in size.
fc» Samples and Testing
(l) Paint should be delivered to site
or segregated at source of supply in time to
allow 30 days for testing before paint is
needed*
(2) Sampling at the site should be
done by the contractor immediately after
delivery, in the presence of the inspector.
(a) Sampled material should be
placed in nev one-quart friction top can.
(b) Fill sample can only to 90% of
capacity to allow for expansion.
(c) Provide label on each container
with the following information:
1. Name of material and specifi-
cation number.
2. Batch or lot number and date
of manufacture*
219-2
-------
2« Quantity represented.
k. Project name and address.
5>. Particular feature or surface
on which paint is to be applied.
6. Construction contract number.
(d) Make sure that the paint is
properly mixed when obtaining a sample for
testing*
(e) Letter of instruction to testing
laboratory should state whether complete or
partial testing is required.
(f) Normally, it should take about
three weeks to ship, test and receive test
results.
(3) Testing and/or storage of samples
should be as directed by your supervisor.
(If.) When tests are required, the sample
should be transmitted to the designated Testing
Laboratory as soon as possible. '
(5) When contract or Contracting Officer
allows Certificates of Compliance to be sub-
stituted in lieu of testing:
(a) Check to see that a Certificate
has been received for each type and/or batch
of paint.
219-3
-------
(b) Check paint labels on site
against description on Certificate, make
certain they are identical.
(6) If samples fail the tests, the
materials represented by the samples should
be immediately removed from the site.
c. Preparations Prior to Painting
(l) Prepare list of all surfaces re-
quiring paint.
(2) List surface preparation, color,
type of paint and number of coats required
on each surface.
(3) When painting commences, use the
previously prepared list to determine that
specifications are being follo-.red.
d. Mixing and Thinning of Paint
(l) As often as possible, the inspec-
tor should observe the mixing and thinning
of paints.
(2) All paints must be mixed until
the pi{jnents are evenly distributed. (Until
there is no evidence of settlement on bottom
of container and paint in container is of
uniform color.)
-------
(3) Bo not allow thinning of paint In
coM area.
(a) Move paint into area to be
painted and allow temperature to rise to
room or ambient temperature.
(b) Paint thinned vhen cold may be
too thin at normal temperatures.
(k) Only materials specified or rec-
ommended by manufacturer may be up^d for
thinning, but not in excess of one pint per
gallon.
(5) Under normal conditions/ paint of
specified viscosity require only mixing to be
ready for use.
(6) Require the paint contractor to
demonstrate a need before allowing thinning.
The contractor is responsible for maintaining
the complete ivMing power of the paint.
(7) Paint in the containers should be
stirred frequently during period of application.
(As often as necessary to maintain a complete
dispersal of pigments.)
(8) Paints with aggregate and/or cement
filler added require constant stirring and
remixing to maintain an even distribution of
219-5
-------
filler throughout the entire quantity of
paint.
(9) Products of different manufacturers
and paints of different types should not be
mixed together.
e. Storage of Materials and Safety
Precautions
(1) Flammable paint materials should be
handled and stored in accordance with accepted
safety procedures.
(2) Latex paints must be kept from
freezing. Check to see that temperature of
storage area is maintained above freezing
at all times.
(3) Spray Painting and Blast Cleaning
(a) Personnel operating spray guns
should wear approved respirators while spray-
ing.
(b) Adequate ventilation should be
maintained at all times during spray painting
of enclosed interior surfaces.
219-6
-------
(c) In the case of spray painting
on interior of tanks, enclosed gates or
similar confined spaces, if the specifica-
tions do not spell out the amount of ven-
tilation required, then the services of a
ventilation engineer should be requested
to determine the required amount of venti-
lation.
(d) Ventilation of buildings should
be checked after spray painting operations to
determine that all rooms are thoroughly aired
and free from fumes before alloying any smoking,
open flames or operation of equipment capable
of producing sparks.
(e) Blast cleaning operators should
wear approved hoods with air fed respirators.
(f ) A carbon monoxide alarm device
should be included in the air lines feeding
air-fed hoods and respirators whenever in-
ternal combustion engines are used on the job.
(g) Explosion-proof devices should
be used in enclosed spaces during spray
painting or blast cleaning operations.
f. General Inspection Requirements
219-7
-------
(1) When an inspector is not familiar
with specified field tests for painting, assist-
ance by personnel experienced in testing should
be requested through the proper channels.
(2) Check specification requirement for
minimum temperature at which painting is
allowed. Temperatures vary with types of paint.
(3) Check for pretreatment requirement "
before first full coat of field paint is
applied.
(4) Check for touch-up of abrasions,
field connections and shop markings on shop-
coated metals before field coats of paint
are applied.
(a) Check for requirement of tinting
undercoats for positive identification of the
number of coats.
(b) If a dry film thickness is
specified, rather or in addition to
the number of coats, check with thickness gage.
219-8
-------
(6) Check specifications and manufac-
turer's instructions carefully for special
methods of mixing, thinning, or application
of paints.
(7) All surfaces to be painted should
be clean, i.e., free from rust, dust, scale,
oil, grease, or any coatings that would impair
adhesion of the film or the finished appearance.
(8) For all paints, except water-thinned
paints (Latex and Cement-Water), surfaces
should be dry before paint is applied. (Note:
Surfaces to receive latex and cement-water
paints should be damp.)
(9) Even with surface in a dry state,
check atmospheric conditions. Painting
should be avoided during periods of high
humidity.
(10) When temporary heating is required
during periods of low ambient temperatures:
(a) Commence heating well in advance
of start on painting.
(b) Make certain surface to be
painted is up to specified temperature, as
well as the surrounding air. (Don't guess,
use a thermometer).
219-9
-------
(c) Check for condensation on sur-
face to be painted, especially if warm air
heating is used.
(d) Temperature of painted surface
and surrounding air should be maintained at
or above the specified minimum until paint
has thoroughly dried. (The universal test
for dryness is the finger - if paint film
is not tacky and moderate rubbing of sur-
face with finger does not mar surface, it's
dry.)
(e) Limits on moisture content are
specified for absorbent materials such as
wood and plaster. By use of moisture
meter, make certain that moisture content
is within allowable limits before painting
is started.
(11) Observe the condition of paint in
the container, even though tested and ap-
proved; the following doncitions are
causes for rejection:
(a) Heavy skinning, i.e., thick
rubbery membrane of congealed or solidi-
fied paint over surface of paint in con-
tainer.
(b) Gelling or livering, i.e.,
pigments reacting chemically with some
other constituent of the paint to form
219-10
-------
semi-hardened lumps which cannot readily
be broken down and remixed with the rest
of the paint.
(c) Gassing, i.e, chemical re-
action between paint constituents to the
point of giving off gas-determined by
observing bubbles of gas rising to surface
of paint and possibly, in some cases, by
an unusual odor. In Latex paints, this
could be an indication of paint that had
been exposed to several cycles of freeze-
thaw.
(d) Excessive settlement, i.e.,
pigment settlement to bottom of container
solidified to the point that normal mixing
procedures do not disperse it. Minor
amounts of settlement are to be expected
in many paints, but the settled pigment
should readily disperse by stirring or
shaking.
(e) If any of the above conditions
are noted and there is doubt as to whether
there is cause for rejection, request
assistance from personnel trained in paint
technology.
(12) Protect previously finished sur-
faces and surfaces and equipment which are
not to be painted from spillage, spray and
any kind of damage which might result from
painting operations.
219-11
-------
(a) Check to see that hardware,
machined surfaces, radiators, lighting
fixtures, electric motors, and similar
items are either removed during surface
preparation and paint operations or suit-
ably protected.
(b) All finished floor surfaces
should be protected by drop cloths.
(13) The application of paint on all
surfaces should be checked before starting
to paint or certainly at the very beginning
of each application.
(a) Establish minimum acceptability
standards for finished appearance at the
start of painting operations.
(b) If there is a difference of
opinion as to what constitutes acceptable
standards, bring it to the attention of
your supervisor so that the question can be
resolved early enough to avoid corrective
action after a major part of the work has
been painted.
(14) Glossy undercoats should be light-
ly sanded before application of a succeeding
coat.
g. Specifics on Application of Paint
219-12
-------
(l) Observe the painted surfaces for
paint runs, drops, ridges, \raves, laps,
brush marks, and for variations in color,
texture, and finish.
(2) Inspect application of each coat
for uniformity of thiclmess and .coverage .
(3) See that all masonry surface
voids, pores, and cracks are filled with
cement filler, and cement latex filler
'.rhen the painting of masonry is specified.
Insist on proper curing of cement
filler.
(5) Determine between-coat drying
requirements .
(6) Evaluate the method of appli-
cation. Rolling and/or spraying are not
always allowed.
(7) Make sure that edges, corners,
crevices, welds, rivets, etc. obtain treat-
ment and coverage equivalent to that of the
adjacent surfaces.
(0) Insure that the first coat on
both faces of wood doors are painted at
essentially the same time.
(9) Prevent the application of latex
paint over calking compound.
219-13
-------
(10) Exterior poured concrete surfaces
are not to be painted unless specifically
authorized*
(ll) In stain work, check that nail holes
and imperfections are not putty-stopped until
after the wood has been stained and that putty-
stopping, vben applied, is stained to natch the
stained wood.
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CHAPTER 301
PLUMBING, GAS PIPING, SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PIPING SYSTEMS
INDEX
Title Page
GENERAL 301-1
a. Definition 301-1
b. Approvals 301-1
c. Storage and Handling 301-1
d. Coordination of Work 301-2
e. Layout 301-2
f. Protection 301-3
g. Plumbing Fixtures 301-3
301-02 PIPING; GENERAL 301-4
a. Threading 301-4
b. Pipe Connections 301-5
c. Placing Pipe 301-6
d. Fittings 301-7
301-03 SOIL, WASTE, DRAIN AND
VENT PIPING - 301-8
a. Material 301-8
b. Installation 301-8
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Chapter 301
Para. Title
301-04 WATER PIPING
a. Materials
b. Installation
301-05 ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
a. General
b. Installation
301-06 . GAS PIPING
a. Safety
b. Installation
301-07 TESTS
a. Preparation
b. Testing of Lines
301-08 CLEANING, ADJUSTING,
OPERATING
a. Cleaning
b. Adjusting
c. Operating
301-09 SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
a. General
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Chapter 301
Para. Title Paqe
- _______ V
b. Materials 301-22
c. Water Supply 301-23
d. Aboveground Piping 301-23
e. Sprinkler Heads 301-24
f. Drains 301-25
g. Wet Pipe Systems 301-25
h. Dry Pipe Systems 301-26
i. Deluge Systems 301-27
j. Sterilization 301-27
k. Alarm Facilities 301-27
1. Testing 301-28
301-10 MISCELLANEOUS PIPING
SYSTEMS 301-29
a. Compressed Air and
Vacuum Piping Systems 301-29
b. Nitrous Oxide and
Oxygen Piping Systems 301-30
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CHAPTER 301
PLUMBING, GAS PIPING, SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS, AND MISCELLANEOUS PIPING SYSTEMS
301-01. GENERAL
a. Definition
This chapter covers materials, equip-
ment, and good workmanship practices for
the various types of piping systems.
b. Approvals
Insure that all material is approved
prior to need, and prior to installation.
Obtain any helpful manufacturer's installa-
tion information.
c• Storage and Handling
(1) Insure that all materials and
equipment are handled carefully to prevent
damage.
(a) Reject damaged materials.
(b) Have damaged coatings repaired.
(2) In handling heavy pipe use wide
belt slings to avoid damage to pipe coatings.
301-1
-------
(3) Check storage facilities for
adequate weather protection, possible
damage, and safety hazard.
(A) Where outside storage is necessary,
store materials and equipment above ground.
->
d. Coordination of Work
Continually check interferences be-
tween electrical, mechanical, architec-
tural, and structural features especially
in equipment rooms and above suspended
ceilings.
e. Layout
(1) Know how the piping system fits
into the total job.
(2) Check grades and locations of
piping with respect to other features of
the building.
(a) Check number, size, and location
of sleeves before the floors and walls are
placed. Sleeves must be large enough to
contain insulation or calking.
(b) Do not cut structural members,
when necessary get approval from
supervisor.
301-2
-------
(c) Do not install lines below and
through footings if possible.
(d) Check for proper pipe hangers
and supports.
(3) Check expansion requirements,
specifically for swing joints at branch
connections which are required by the
specifications but are not usually shown
on the drawings.
f. Protection
(1) Keep trash and debris out of pipes,
fittings, and fixtures.
(2) Cap or plug lines when work is not
in progress, at the end of each dayfs work,
or where future connections are to be made.
(3) Check all embedded items for secure
anchorage to avoid displacement during
concrete placement.
(4) Check plugs or forming around
drains to insure that no concrete flows into
them.
g. Plumbing Fixtures
Inspect the plumbing fixtures upon
arrival at the job site for conformance with
301-3
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contract requirements. Require adequate
storage and protection from damage before
and after installation. Insure that fix-
tures are installed in compliance with
contract requirements and good plumbing
practice.
301-02. PIPING; GENERAL
a. Threading
Examine the threading operation:
(1) Are pipes squarely cut?
(2) Is threading being performed
properly?
(3) Check for thread length required
for particular pipe size and see that
threads are not undercut.
(4) Are cutters sharp, and are they
being handled so as not to shave threads?
(5) Are ends of pipe being reamed
properly?
(6) Never allow calking of threaded
pipe.
(7) Check cutting oil used.
301-4
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(8) Protect floors from oil stains at
cutting and threading machines.
(9) Check requirements for use of
wrought iron pipe (identified with a red
stripe).
b. Pipe Connections
Examine all pipe connections:
(1) See that screwed joints are made
up tightly, but not tight enough to strain
the fitting. See that only proper thread
lubricant or approved tape is used and is
applied to male thread only.
(2) Do not screw pipes against the
web of globe valves, or against the under-
side of seat rings of gate valves.
(3) When connecting valves to pipes
see that wrenches are used on the end of
valves being screwed onto the pipes, in
order to prevent damage to the valve bore.
If it is necessary to put wrench on the
opposite end of valve from the end being
screwed onto pipe, use a nipple that has
been screwed into the valve. Always be
alert for distorted valves.
(4) Do not use spud wrenches and drift
pins when installing flanged joints.
301-5
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(5) Brighten both the male and female
parts of joints to be soldered prior to
making joint. Do not permit short-cut
fluxes that are alleged to clean and tin
in one operation. Permit only noncorrosive
paste flux and solid string or wire solder
of percent tin and percent lead specified.
(6) Use threaded pipe connections to
connect angle stops at plumbing fixtures,
(7) Discourage the frequent use of
close nipples. Remember that the joints
may later need disassembling.
(8) Make sure that all welded joints
are properly made and that the welder per-
forming the work is certified and has been
approved. If there is any question about
the adequacy of any weld, it should be
tested.
c. Placing Pipe
(1) Check alignment and grade of pipes.
(2) See that pipe is solidly supported.
(a) Obtain adequate compaction of
trench bottom.
(b) Are pipes resting on solid bear-
ing? Pipe should not be supported by the
bells, nor on brick, block or wood members.
301-6
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(c) Are the proper type hangers
used? Check against specification.
(d) Are the hangers spaced properly
and have hangers been provided near each
change in direction of the line?
(e) Have thrust blocks been provided
as necessary?
(3) Watch for too many bends being
incorporated into a line.
(4) Watch for bent pipe that shows
kinks, wrinkles, or other malformations.
(5) See that necessary air chambers
are provided as shown on the drawing to
eliminate pipe hammering.
(6) Note bedding and covering materials
for and adjacent to pipes. Do not permit
the presence of boulders or debris.
(7) Check "painted on" coatings on
buried pipe immediately prior to placement
to insure soundness of the coating around
the pipe circumference.
d. Fittings
(1) Provide unions as required.
(2) Be certain that the proper valves
are installed in all required locations.
301-?
-------
Also check to assure that all globe and
check valves are properly oriented with
respect to flow.
(3) See that valves are installed with
the stems horizontal or above.
(4) Check nonfreeze type wall hydrant
for proper installation. End exposed in
building should be as inconspicuous as
possible and not present a safety hazard.
301-03. SOIL, WASTE, DRAIN AND VENT PIPING
a. Material
(1) Check pipes and fittings for type
and weight, and whether coated or uncoated
as specified. Check pipe wall thicknesses
agains t s tandar ds.
(2) Determine whether the fittings are
drainage pattern type and that hub and
spigot pipes are cast iron.
b. Installation
(1) Check drainage piping for uniform
slope and alignment.
(2) Do not place lines in the way of
footings. Where this condition is unavoid-
301-8
-------
able, provision must be made to avoid
direct pressure on the pipe; check with
your supervisor.
(3) Make sure lines have been tested
and are without leaks before covering the
pipe.
(4) Check compacted bed of underground
drainage piping.
(5) Check foundation drainage flow.
(6) Install floor cleanouts with tops
flush with the finished floor. Brass
countersunk head screw plug will be used
normally. Apply graphite lubricant to male
threads.
(7) Check floor and areaway drains for
type, size, sediment basket or backwater
valve. Pitch floor to drain.
(8) Install traps close to the fixtures,
Grease interceptors do not require a trap.
Allow no double trapping of fixtures. Check
for flow control device between fixture and
grease trap.
(9) Permit slip joints only in trap
seals or on the inlet side of traps.
301-09
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(10) Check requirements for dielectric
unions.
(11) Insure that roof drains have clamp-
ing ring for lead flashing.
(12) Use proper fastener material for
aluminum or copper flashings.
(13) Check roof, parapet, and cornice
drains for type and size. Set at, or
slightly below, low roof points.
(14) Check flashings for leaks.
301-04. WATER PIPING
a. Materials
(1) Evaluate valves for type, size
operation, location, and accessibility.
(2) Be certain that access panels are
provided for valves located behind ceilings
and walls.
(3) Provide chrome-plated supply and
waste piping, as required.
(4) Do not allow the use of galvanized
and brass or copper pipes and fittings in the
same run unless approved dielectric connect-
ers are used for underground piping or piping
for service over 160°F.
301-10
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(5) Observe size, type and finish of
floor, wall, and ceiling escutcheons. Make
sure thay are installed at proper time, if
fastened to sleeves.
(6) Compare the type and thickness of
insulation approved with that being used.
(7) Examine fixture installation for
complete trimmings; fittings; shut-off
valves; vacuum breakers, if required; and
for imperfect fixture finish. Reject fix-
tures as necessary.
b. Installation
(1) Check supply piping for outside
service lines to the building for type,
size, location, elevation, and interference
with other underground utilities. Check
clearances between water and sewer lines.
Do not install water and sewer lines in
the same trench side by side.
(2) Insure that in large structures
water service is such that portions of the
system may be isolated for repairs without
interrupting service in entire building.
Also valves should be provided on supply
piping to all fixtures and equipment for
maintenance purposes.
(3) Check location of air chambers as
shown on the drawing.
301-11
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(4) Check allowance for expansion and
contraction of piping. Also check anchorage
of lines at specified intervals for underground
piping for service over 160°F.
(5) Place exterior underground piping
below the frost line.
(6) Do not permit cross connections
between potable and nonpotable water supply
or sewer drains.
(7) Do not apply insulation until lines
are tested for underground piping or piping for
service over 160 F.
(8) Insulation application:
(a) Check insulation passing through
sleeves in wells, floors, and ceiling, if
required.
(b) See that the approved type of
insulation is being installed in the manner
specified.
(c) Insure that insulation is being
applied over fittings, valves, flanges, and
unions; is of the same material and thickness
as the adjoining pipe insulations; and that the
insulation consists of premolded, prefabri-
cated, or field fabricated segments of pipe
301-12
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insulation.
(d) See that the insulation con-
tains a vapor barrier covering, and that:
!_. The covering is of the proper
type, weight, and thickness.
2_. The covering is continuous
without breaks at hangers, and all dis-
continuities and penetrations which to
exist are sealed with an approved vapor
barrier coating.
3_. A vapor barrier seal is pro-
vided at 12-foot intervals and at fittings,
flanges, and valves as specified.
(e) See that high density insula-
tion sections and sheet metal shields are
installed at pipe hangers when specified.
(9) See that pipe hangers are secured
to structure in specified manner.
(10) Examine the installation of fix-
tures . Notice the rigidity of supports.
Check position and level setting of the
backing provided for hanging fixtures.
(11) Check fixtures and fasteners for
the types required, and for installation in
301-13
-------
the various type walls.
(a) Chair carriers are not specified.
Carriers for wall hung water closets are required.
(12) Observe the level ness of the fixtures
and the setting of the flanges and traps.
(13) Insure that fixtures are protected
during construction, and prohibit the use of
fixtures until the plumbing system is completed
and tested.
(14) Check temperatures and pressure
settings of relief valves. Pipe to a floor
drain or to outside of building as required.
Insure that temperature relief valves have
thermo element that extends into the top
6 inches of hot water tank.
(15) Check sterilization operations
for proper dosage, distribution, retention,
and final flush-out.
(16) Check shower drain during installa-
tion to insure that shower pan is tightly
secured in clamping ring device. Membrane
waterproofing in concrete floor under shower
drain must also be clamped in the clamping
ring around the drain. Metallic pans are
to receive a mopped coat of asphalt on both
sides.
301-14
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(17) Check piping identification system
for type, location, spacing, and neatness.
(18) Determine if water piping is
pitched to low points, and whether the
system can be drained in entirety. Check
for drainage cocks and plugs.
(19) Provide a gate valve and drain on
the service line inside the building close
to the floor or wall.
301-05. ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
a. General
Evaluate equipment, such as cooling
water pumps, circulating pumps, booster
pumps, pneumatic water systems, water dis-
pensers, water heaters, and thermostatic
mixing valves for capacity and performance
in accordance with specifications and approv-
als. Know manufacturer's recommendations
for proper installation, particularly
clearances.
b. Installation
(1) Check hot water generators for
storage and recovery capacities, correct
tappings, proper location of inlet and
outlet connections to avoid short circuiting
of cold water, and ASME approval.
301-15
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(2) Provide union or flanged connections
at equipment.
(3) Determine relief valve type, size,
temperature and/or pressure setting for
correctness. Pipe relief valves to drain.
Assure that temperature relief valves have
the thermo element that extends into the top
6 inches of hot water tank.
(4) Check accessibility of heating coils
for maintenance purposes.
(5) Evaluate supports, frame and cradles
for type, size, and construction.
(6) Check installation of controls,
regulators, and flues.
(7) Require test of hot water generator
operation after installation.
(8) Check flexible connections and
vibration eliminators. Are they the type
and material specified?
(9) After the cleaning of equipment
inspect for properly applied, approved
insulation.
(10) Check the alignment of equipment,
particularly pumps with motors.
301-16
-------
(11) Be sure that the proper pressure
gages and thermometers are installed as
required.
(12) Check the rotation of pumps and
motors.
(13) Inspect to see that all piping of
the equipment has been installed to provide
an approved, workable installation. Check
carefully the valve orientation with respect
to flow.
(14) In the installation of sump pumps,
compare the length of the shaft with the
depth of the sump.
(15) Closely check the complete control
system and the functioning of each control.
(16) Check for proper pipe support
during installation. Do not allow cast
pump housings to carry weight of piping.
301-06. GAS PIPING
a. Safety
(1) Avoid installation of gas lines
under buildings or in trenches with other
utilities. When such installation is neces-
sary, carefully check the specifications for
special requirements.
301-17
-------
(2) Require strict adherence to safety
regulations.
(3) Indicate principal shutoff valves
and make them accessible for operation in
case of emergency.
b. Installation
(1) Install gas lines above other
utilities where they cross and slope down
to drip valves or capped drips at low points.
(2) Do not permit soldered joints in
any gas lines.
(3) Contact utility company for local
specification requirments.
(4) Be sure the plug cocks, gas-
pressure regulators with automatic cutoffs
and insulating couplings are installed
as required.
(5) See that line from relief vents from
gas pressure regulators are not located
adajacent to air intake openings to building.
(6) Check specifications and plans for
location of drip pockets at all low points
in the main. If no requirement, contact
your supervisor for resolution.
301-18
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(7) Be sure there is an insulating
fitting on service line.
(8) When underground pipe is coated
and wrapped:
(a) Be sure that welded joints of
steel, cast iron, or wrought-iron pipe are
properly hand coated and wrapped.
(b) Be sure that all joints of cast
iron, wrought-iron pipe are electrically
bonded and that the bond is properly covered
with coal tar and epoxy resin mixture suitable
for this use.
(c) Be sure that backfill does not
contain material that will harm pipe coating.
301-7. Tests
a. Preparation
Prior to the test, see that:
(1) All valves at the ends of lines
are closed.
(2) Open ends of pipe are capped or
plugged.
(3) The line is anchored and the end
blocked to prevent damage.
301-19
-------
All diaphragms or other internal
parts of valves and equipment will withstand
the test pressure without damage, or have
them removed before test is started.
(5) Test procedures and scheduling are
reviewed.
(6) Gages, instruments or other equip-
ment to be used for testing have been
certified or prechecked before testing.
(7) You have a knowledge of proper test
pressures for pressure piping and allowable
leakage rates for gravity lines.
b. Testing of Lines
Check following tests:
(1) Drainage and venting systems -
preliminary, water or air test; final,
smoke or peppermint test.
(2) Water systems - hydrostatic test.
(3) Compressed air and vacaum piping -
pneumatic pressure test.
(4) Nitrous oxide and oxygen piping -
in accordance with National Fire Protection
Association Bulletin 565.
301-20
-------
(5) If pressure loss is excessive, test
must be rescheduled.
301-8. CLEANING, ADJUSTING, OPERATING
a. Cleaning
(1) Inspect metal surfaces to be cleaned
(2) See that all grease, paint spots,
and debris are removed.
(3) Check chlorination of water piping
for specified ppm of chlorine and time for
proper sterilization.
b. Adjusting
Examine adjustment of all fixtures,
devices, and controls.
c. Operating
(1) Observe operation and maintenance
instructions of the system by the contractor
or the manufacturer's representative.
Record the names of persons receiving
instructions and furnish this information
to your supervisor.
(2) Check posting of operating and
maintenance instructions and the furnishing
of spare parts.
301-21
-------
(3) Examine all certificates and
written guarantees and check applicability
to the specific equipment furnished.
301-09. SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
a. General
(1) Check approvals of materials and
equipment schedule. Be familiar with the
requirements of the National Fire Protection
Association.
(2) Insure shop drawing approvals,
prior to fabrication of any work.
(3) Assure that fire protection systems
serving occupied buildings are not shut off
for repairs without advance notice being
given to proper authorities.
(4) Note valves and equipment proposed
for location within reach of flood waters.
Call to the attention of your supervisor.
(5) Do not take water from fire mains
for domestic use.
(6) Identify painting and coding
requirements.
b. Materials
301-22
-------
(1) Coordinate fire department hose
connections for use with local fire depart-
ment hose.
(2) Inspect pipe, fittings, and valves
Pipe that is properly reamed is free from
burrs and fins.
c. Water Supply
(1) Evaluate plan of work to minimize
interruption of water service.
(2) Insure that water line is located
below local frost line.
(3) Block off ends of supply lines
terminating in building or valve house.
(4) Be certain that pipe joints are
left exposed until final inspection and
tests are made.
(5) See that turns in supply line are
braced, blocked or clamped.
d. Aboveground Piping
(1) Notice size of pipe. Check to
insure all hangers are tight.
(a) Run parallel to building lines,
with slope to drain.
301-23
-------
(b) See that branch piping is off top
of main.
(c) Where impossible to obtain an
even slope, plugs should be provided at low
points so that the entire system may be
drained. Check for inspection test con-
nections required by NFPA.
(2) See that no cutting of structural
members for support or passage of pipe is
allowed.
(3) Insure that holes through fire
walls are provided with sleeves and plates.
Sleeves will be provided where pipe passes
through walls and floors.
e. Sprinkler Heads
(1) Be sure that heads in accordance
with NFPA 13 are installed in upright posi-
tion with recommended clearance to roof or
ceiling surfaces.
(a) When in pendant position return
bends will be used if water is subject to
sedimentation.
(b) Where subject to mechanical
injury heads will be provided with approved
guards.
301-24
-------
(c) All heads will be new and should
not be painted.
(2) Determine sprinkler head temperature
ratings as proper for ambient temperatures
anticipated in the area; e.g., near heaters,
skylights, etc.
(a) Notify your supervisor in
instances where sprinkler head temperature
ratings appear to be inconsistent with
anticipated ambient temperatures.
(3) Spare heads should be provided and
arrangements made to transfer them to the
using service.
(4) Where sprinkler heads are shown to
be installed in special hazard areas, such
as electronic shops, confirm that installa-
tion will be in conformance with area usuage.
f. Drains
See that valves or plugs are provided
to insure drainage of the entire system.
Assure that discharge from all drain valves
is visible. They should be arranged so
that wide open valve position under normal
pressure will not cause any water damage.
g. Wet Pipe Systems
301-25
-------
(1) Insist that piping layout is in
•trict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Alarm check-valve assembly must
conform with connection diagram.
(3) Observe installation of water-flow
indicators for conformance with connection
diagram.
(4) Confirm insulation and painting
requirements.
(5) Check water flow alarm signal by
using wet pipe type of inspector's test
connection.
h. Dry Pipe Systems
(1) Determine that piping layout is in
strict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Note dry pipe valve installation
for conformance with connection diagram.
(3) Inspect installation of air
compressors. Air supply line should include
flexible connection and orifice plate. Check
motor controller operation. If compressor
is equipped with an air storage tank, assure
that condensate water drain is provided at
bottom of tank.
301-26
-------
(4) Examine locations and operation of
condensate chambers; I.e., drum drips.
(5) Check water flow alarm signal time
and dry valve trip test time by using the
dry pipe type of inspector's test connection.
(6) Where dry pipe valve accelerators
are provided, check for proper operation.
i. Deluge Systems
(1) Confirm that piping layout is in
strict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Examine installation of deluge valve
assembly.
(3) Inspect and test releasing devices.
(4) Check tripping devices both manual
and automatic. Check provisions to insure
against accidental water damage.
*
(5) Insure that contractor provides
portable test units in good working order.
j. Sterilization
Witness dosage, distribution, retention,
and final flush-out.
k. Alarm Facilities
301-27
-------
(1) Check installations to insure tha
all alarm devices have been provided and ai
in operating condition.
(2) Be sure that electric power for
alarm signals is taken from the house
current supply line ahead of the main switch
(3) Examine alarm system for tie-in
with local fire department.
(4) Check alarm to insure that it can
be heard above normal noise levels.
1. Testing
(1) Review test procedure for adequacy,
and witness all tests.
(2) Protect dry pipe valves against
damage during the tests.
(3) In testing extensions to existing
system, insure that self-indicating blanks
are used. Remove upon completion of tests.
(4) Insure that all sprinkler con-
tractor's certificates covering materials
and tests are properly executed.
(5) Insure that flushing and hydrostatic
tests are made in accordance with the acceptec
301-28
-------
tests specified in Standard 13 of the
National Fire Protection Association.
301-10. MISCELLANEOUS PIPING SYSTEMS
a. Compressed Air and Vacuum Piping Systems
(1) Check materials and equipment for
conformance with approved shop drawings.
(2) Review contractor's proposed layout
for interferences, maintenance accessibility,
equipment locations, and proper hangers and
supports.
(3) Provide drip pockets at low points.
(4) Exhaust piping from vacuum pump
should be piped to outside of building with
end turned down and screened.
(5) Check pressure-reducing regulators
for proper settings.
(6) Joints in vacuum piping should be
made with silver brazing alloy except at
valves and equipment requiring threaded
connections.
(7) Are antivibration couplings located
between the vacuum pump and piping?
(8) Is aftercooler and moisture separator
in piping located between air compressor
301-29
-------
and receiver, if required? Check plans and
specifications.
(9) Are identification tags provided for
valves?
(10) Check station outlet for UL
conformance.
(11) Check color coding requirements
in specifications.
(12) Has testing as required by
specifications been accomplished?
b. Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Piping Systems
(1) Installation and testing should
conform with National Fire Protection
Association Standard 565.
(2) Check for approved materials and
equipment.
(3) Verify the use of nonmetallic ducts
or casings for underground piping.
(4) Check for cleanliness of piping.
Refer to specifications for requirement.
(5) Assure the use of silver solder
for making joints except at valves and equip-
ment requiring threaded connections.
301-30
-------
(6) Between each cylinder in a bank
of cylinders and manifold connection,
verify the presence of a check valve.
(7) Check for high pressure filter
between manifold and manifold pressure
regulator.
(8) Check manifold pressure relief
valve for type and relief setting.
(9) Check alarm system operation.
(10) Have identification tags for
valve been provided for and attached?
(11) Check outlet for UL conformance.
(12) Check color coding requirements
in specifications.
301-31
U.S. Government Printing Off ice: 1977-780-679 Regions
-------
insulation.
(d) See that the insulation con-
tains a vapor barrier covering, and that:
I. The covering is of the proper
type, weight, and thickness.
2_. The covering is continuous
without breaks at hangers, and all dis-
continuities and penetrations which to
exist are sealed with an approved vapor
barrier coating.
3^ A vapor barrier seal is pro-
vided at 12-foot intervals and at fittings,
flanges, and valves as specified.
(e) See that high density insula-
tion sections and sheet metal shields are
installed at pipe hangers when specified.
(9) See that pipe hangers are secured
to structure in specified manner.
(10) Examine the installation of fix-
tures . Notice the rigidity of supports.
Check position and level setting of the
backing provided for hanging fixtures.
(11) Check fixtures and fasteners for
the types required, and for installation in
301-13
-------
the various type walls.
(a) Chair carriers are not specified.
Carriers for wall hung water closets are required
(12) Observe the level ness of the fixtures
and the setting of the flanges and traps.
(13) Insure that fixtures are protected
during construction, and prohibit the use of
fixtures until the plumbing system is completed
and tested.
(14) Check temperatures and pressure
settings of relief valves. Pipe to a floor
drain or to outside of building as required.
Insure that temperature relief valves have,
thermo element that extends into the top
6 inches of hot water tank.
(15) Check sterilization operations
for proper dosage, distribution, retention,
and final flush-out.
(16) Check shower drain during installa-
tion to insure that shower pan is tightly
secured in clamping ring device. Membrane
waterproofing in concrete floor under shower
drain must also be clamped in the clamping
ring around the drain. Metallic pans are
to receive a mopped coat of asphalt on both
sides.
301-14
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(17) Check piping identification system
for type, location, spacing, and neatness.
(18) Determine if water piping is
pitched to low points, and whether the
system can be drained in entirety. Check
for drainage cocks and plugs.
(19) Provide a gate valve and drain on
the service line inside the building close
to the floor or wall.
301-05. ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT
a. General
Evaluate equipment, such as cooling
water pumps, circulating pumps, booster
pumps, pneumatic water systems, water dis-
pensers, water heaters, and thermostatic
mixing valves for capacity and performance
in accordance with specifications and approv-
als. Know manufacturer's recommendations
for proper installation, particularly
clearances.
b. Installation
(1) Check hot water generators for
storage and recovery capacities, correct
tappings, proper location of inlet and
outlet connections to avoid short circuiting
of cold water, and ASME approval.
301-15
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(2) Provide union or flanged connections
at equipment.
(3) Determine relief valve type, size,
temperature and/or pressure setting for
correctness. Pipe relief valves to drain.
Assure that temperature relief valves have
the thermo element that extends into the top
6 inches of hot water tank.
(4) Check accessibility of heating coils
for maintenance purposes.
(5) Evaluate supports, frame and cradles
for type, size, and construction.
(6) Check installation of controls,
regulators, and flues.
(7) Require test of hot water generator
operation after installation.
(8) Check flexible connections and
vibration eliminators. Are they the type
and material specified?
(9) After the cleaning of equipment
inspect for properly applied, approved
insulation.
(10) Check the alignment of equipment,
particularly pumps with motors.
301-16
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(11) Be sure that the proper pressure
gages and thermometers are installed as
required.
(12) Check the rotation of pumps and
motors.
(13) Inspect to see that all piping of
the equipment has been installed to provide
an approved, workable installation. Check
carefully the valve orientation with respect
to flow.
(14) In the installation of sump pumps,
compare the length of the shaft with the
depth of the sump.
(15) Closely check the complete control
system and the functioning of each control.
(16) Check for proper pipe support
during installation. Do not allow cast
pump housings to carry weight of piping.
301-06. GAS PIPING
k
a. Safety
(1) Avoid installation of gas lines
under buildings or in trenches with other
utilities. When such installation is neces-
sary, carefully check the specifications for
special requirements.
301-17
-------
(2) Require strict adherence to safety
regulations.
(3) Indicate principal shutoff valves
and make them accessible for operation in
case of emergency.
b. Installation
(1) Install gas lines above other
utilities where they cross and slope down
to drip valves or capped drips at low points.
(2) Do not permit soldered joints in
any gas lines.
(3) Contact utility company for local
specification requirments.
(4) Be sure the plug cocks, gas-
pressure regulators with automatic cutoffs
and insulating couplings are installed
as required.
(5) See that line from relief vents from
gas pressure regulators are not located
adajacent to air intake openings to building.
(6) Check specifications and plans for
location of drip pockets at all low points
in the main. If no requirement, contact
your supervisor for resolution.
301-18
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(7) Be sure there is an insulating
fitting on service line.
(8) When underground pipe is coated
and wrapped:
(a) Be sure that welded joints of
steel, cast iron, or wrought-iron pipe are
properly hand coated and wrapped.
(b) Be sure that all joints of cast
iron, wrought-iron pipe are electrically
bonded and that the bond is properly covered
with coal tar and epoxy resin mixture suitable
for this use.
(c) Be sure that backfill does not
contain material that will harm pipe coating.
301-7. Tests
a. Preparation
Prior to the test, see that:
(1) All valves at the ends of lines
are closed.
(2) Open ends of pipe are capped or
plugged.
(3) The line is anchored and the end
blocked to prevent damage.
301-19
-------
All diaphragms or other internal
parts of valves and equipment will withstand
the test pressure without damage, or have
them removed before test is started.
(5) Test procedures and scheduling are
reviewed.
(6) Gages, instruments or other equip-
ment to be used for testing have been
certified or prechecked before testing.
(7) You have a knowledge of proper test
pressures for pressure piping and allowable
leakage rates for gravity lines.
b. Testing of Lines
Check following tests:
(1) Drainage and venting systems -
preliminary, water or air test; final,
smoke or peppermint test.
(2) Water systems - hydrostatic test.
(3) Compressed air and vacaum piping -
pneumatic pressure test.
(4) Nitrous oxide and oxygen piping -
in accordance with National Fire Protection
Association Bulletin 565.
301-20
-------
(5) If pressure loss is excessive, test
must be rescheduled.
301-8. CLEANING, ADJUSTING, OPERATING
a. Cleaning
(1) Inspect metal surfaces to be cleaned,
(2) See that all grease, paint spots,
and debris are removed.
(3) Check chlorination of water piping
for specified ppm of chlorine and time for
proper sterilization.
b. Adjusting
Examine adjustment of all fixtures,
devices, and controls.
c. Operating
(1) Observe operation and maintenance
instructions of the system by the contractor
or the manufacturer's representative.
Record the names of persons receiving
instructions and furnish this information
to your supervisor.
(2) Check posting of operating and
maintenance instructions and the furnishing
of spare parts.
301-21
-------
(3) Examine all certificates and
written guarantees and check applicability
to the specific equipment furnished.
301-09. SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
a. General
(1) Check approvals of materials and
equipment schedule. Be familiar with the
requirements of the National Fire Protection
Association.
(2) Insure shop drawing approvals,
prior to fabrication of any work.
(3) Assure that fire protection systems
serving occupied buildings are not shut off
for repairs without advance notice being
given to proper authorities.
(4) Note valves and equipment proposed
for location within reach of flood waters.
Call to the attention of your supervisor.
(5) Do not take water from fire mains
for domestic use.
(6) Identify painting and coding
requirements.
b. Materials
301-22
-------
(1) Coordinate fire department hose
connections for use with local fire depart-
ment hose.
(2) Inspect pipe, fittings, and valves
Pipe that is properly reamed is free from
burrs and fins.
c. Water Supply
(1) Evaluate plan of work to minimize
interruption of water service.
(2) Insure that water line is located
below local frost line.
(3) Block off ends of supply lines
terminating in building or valve house.
(4) Be certain that pipe joints are
left exposed until final inspection and
tests are made.
(5) See that turns in supply line are
braced, blocked or clamped.
d. Aboveground Piping
(1) Notice size of pipe. Check to
insure all hangers are tight.
(a) Run parallel to building lines,
with slope to drain.
301-23
-------
(b) See that branch piping is off top
of main.
(c) Where impossible to obtain an
even slope, plugs should be provided at low
points so that the entire system may be
drained. Check for inspection test con-
nections required by NFPA.
(2) See that no cutting of structural
members for support or passage of pipe is
allowed.
(3) Insure that holes through fire
walls are provided with sleeves and plates.
Sleeves will be provided where pipe passes
through walls and floors.
e» Sprinkler Heads
(1) Be sure that heads in accordance
with NFPA 13 are installed in upright posi-
tion with recommended clearance to roof or
ceiling surfaces.
(a) When in pendant position return
bends will be used if water is subject to
sedimentation.
(b) Where subject to mechanical
injury heads will be provided with approved
guards.
301-24
-------
(c) All heads will be new and should
not be painted.
(2) Determine sprinkler head temperature
ratings as proper for ambient temperatures
anticipated in the area; e.g., near heaters,
skylights, etc.
(a) Notify your supervisor in
instances where sprinkler head temperature
ratings appear to be inconsistent with
anticipated ambient temperatures.
(3) Spare heads should be provided and
arrangements made to transfer them to the
using service.
(4) Where sprinkler heads are shown to
be installed in special hazard areas, such
as electronic shops, confirm that installa-
tion will be in conformance with area usuage.
f. Drains
Se.e that valves or plugs are provided
to insure drainage of the entire system.
Assure that discharge from all drain valves
is visible. They should be arranged so
that wide open valve position under normal
pressure will not cause any water damage.
g. Wet Pipe Systems
301-25
-------
(1) Insist that piping layout is in
strict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Alarm check-valve assembly must
conform with connection diagram.
(3) Observe installation of water-flow
indicators for conformance with connection
diagram.
(4) Confirm insulation and painting
requirements.
(5) Check water flow alarm signal by
using wet pipe type of inspector's test
connection.
h. Dry Pipe Systems
(1) Determine that piping layout is in
strict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Note dry pipe valve installation
for conformance with connection diagram.
(3) Inspect installation of air
compressors. Air supply line should include
flexible connection and orifice plate. Check
motor controller operation. If compressor
is equipped with an air storage tank, assure
that condensate water drain is provided at
bottom of tank.
301-26
-------
(4) Examine locations and operation of
condensate chambers; i.e., drum drips.
(5) Check water flow alarm signal time
and dry valve trip test time by using the
dry pipe type of inspector's test connection.
(6) Where dry pipe valve accelerators
are provided, check for proper operation.
i. Deluge Systems
(1) Confirm that piping layout is in
strict accordance with approved drawings.
(2) Examine installation of deluge valve
assembly.
(3) Inspect and test releasing devices.
(4) Check tripping devices both manual
and automatic. Check provisions to insure
against accidental water damage.
(5) Insure that contractor provides
portable test units in good working order.
j. Sterilization
Witness dosage, distribution, retention,
and final flush-out.
fc- Alarm Facilities
301-27
-------
(1) Check installations to insure tha
all alarm devices have been provided and ai
in operating condition.
(2) Be sure that electric power for
alarm signals is taken from the house
current supply line ahead of the main switch
(3) Examine alarm system for tie-in
with local fire department.
(4) Check alarm to insure that it can
be heard above normal noise levels.
1. Testing
(1) Review test procedure for adequacy,
and witness all tests.
(2) Protect dry pipe valves against
damage during the tests.
(3) In testing extensions to existing
system, insure that self-indicating blanks
are used. Remove upon completion of tests.
(4) Insure that all sprinkler con-
tractor's certificates covering materials
and tests are properly executed.
(5) Insure that flushing and hydrostatic
tests are made in accordance with the accepter
301-28
-------
tests specified in Standard 13 of the
National Fire Protection Association.
301-10. MISCELLANEOUS PIPING SYSTEMS
a. Compressed Air and Vacuum Piping Systems
(1) Check materials and equipment for
conformance with approved shop drawings.
(2) Review contractor's proposed layout
for interferences, maintenance accessibility,
equipment locations, and proper hangers and
supports.
(3) Provide drip pockets at low points.
(4) Exhaust piping from vacuum pump
should be piped to outside of building with
end turned down and screened.
(5) Check pressure-reducing regulators
for proper settings.
(6) Joints in vacuum piping should be
made with silver brazing alloy except at
valves and equipment requiring threaded
connections.
(7) Are antivibration couplings located
between the vacuum pump and piping?
(8) Is aftercooler and moisture separator
in piping located between air compressor
301-29
-------
and receiver, if required? Check plans and
specifications.
(9) Are identification tags provided for
valves?
(10) Check station outlet for UL
conformance.
(11) Check color coding requirements
in specifications.
(12) Has testing as required by
specifications been accomplished?
b. Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen Piping Systems
(1) Installation and testing should
conform with National Fire Protection
Association Standard 565.
(2) Check for approved materials and
equipment.
(3) Verify the use of npnmetallic ducts
or casings for underground piping.
(4) Check for cleanliness of piping.
Refer to specifications for requirement.
(5) Assure the use of silver solder
for making joints except at valves and equip-
ment requiring threaded connections.
301-30
-------
(6) Between each cylinder in a bank
of cylinders and manifold connection,
verify the presence of a check valve.
(7) Check for high pressure filter
between manifold and manifold pressure
regulator.
(8) Check manifold pressure relief
valve for type and relief setting.
(9) Check alarm system operation.
(10) Have identification tags for
valve been provided for and attached?
(11) Check outlet for UL conformance.
(12) Check color coding requirements
in specifications.
301-31
U.S. Government Printing Office: 1977-780-679 Regions
-------
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
C/O - GSA-CENTRALIZED MAILING LISTS SERVICES
Bldg. 41, Denver Federal Center
Denver, Colorado 80225
Official Busineii
Penalty for Private Use, $300
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SPECIAL FOURTH-CLASS RATE
BOOK
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