United States Office of Information EPA-260-S-01-001
Environmental Protection Analysis and Access March 2001
Agency (2844)
1999 Toxics Release
Inventory (TRI) Public
Data Release Report
Executive Summary
-------
Toxics Release Inventory 1999
Executive Summary
BACKGROUND
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a pub-
licly available database containing informa-
tion on toxic chemical releases and other
waste management activities that are
reported annually by manufacturing facili-
ties and facilities in certain other industry
sectors, as well as by federal facilities. This
inventory was established under the
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) which
was enacted to "promote emergency plan-
ning, to minimize the effects of chemical
accidents, and to provide the public with
information on releases of toxic chemicals
in their communities.
There are now nearly 650 toxic chemicals
and chemical compounds on the list of
chemicals that must be reported to EPA and
the states under the EPCRA/TRI Program.
Facilities must report the quantity of each
chemical that they release into each
media—air, water, and land—each year. In
addition, with the passage of the Pollution
Prevention Act (PPA) in 1991, facilities must
report other waste management amounts
including the quantities of TRI chemicals
recycled, combusted for energy recovery,
and treated on- and off-site. This other
waste management data has strengthened
TRI as a tool for providing information on
facilities' handling of TRI chemicals, as well
as for analyzing progress in reducing
releases.
A facility must report to TRI if it meets the
following three criteria:
• Conducts manufacturing operations
within Standard Industrial Classification
(SIC) codes 20 through 39 and, begin-
ning in the 1998 reporting year, if it falls
under one of the following industry cat-
egories: metal mining, coal mining, elec-
tric utilities that combust coal and/or oil
(hereafter referred to as electric generat-
ing facilities), chemical wholesale distrib-
utors, petroleum terminals and bulk
storage facilities, RCRA Subtitle C treat-
ment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facili-
ties, and solvent recovery services.
Federal facilities must also report to TRI
regardless of their SIC code classifica-
tion;
• Has 10 or more full-time employee
equivalents, and
• Manufactures or processes more than
25,000 pounds or otherwise uses more
than 10,000 pounds of any listed chemi-
cal during the calendar year.
The TRI data are used in many ways: by
citizens and community groups seeking
information to assess local environmental
conditions, by industries which are analyz-
ing the environmental performance and
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
E-1
-------
Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
efficiency of their processes, by investors
who wish to compare companies' environ-
mental records, and many other users who
are attempting to assess local, regional, and
national environmental conditions.
1999 DATA RELEASE
The time period covered by the 1999 data
release is the reporting year 1999. A report-
ing year is equal to a calendar year. The
1999 data, which were submitted to EPA by
July 1, 2000, are the focus of the 1999 Toxics
Release Inventory Public Data Release (the
Public Data Release report). Compiled here
is an analysis of the 1999 TRI data and
trends in the data from 1988 to 1999.
The 1998 and 1999 data include reporting
by the "original" industries (the manufac-
turing sector, which has been reporting
since 1987, and federal facilities, which
have been reporting since 1994), as well as
the "new" industries, which have been
reporting since 1998.
The analysis of trends in the TRI data from
1988 to 1999 only includes the "original"
Table E-1. TRI On-site and Off-site Releases by Industry, Original and New Industries, 1999
SIC Total Total
Cade Industry Facilities Forms
Number Number
20-39 Original 20,698 69,471
Industries
10 Metal Mining 108 692
12 Coal Mining 50 205
491/ Electric 625 4,225
493 Generating
Facilities
5169 Chemical 428 3,459
Wholesale
Distributors
5171 Petroleum 532 3368
Terminals and
Bulk Storage
Facilities
495V RCRA Subtitle 198 2.44S
7389 CTSDand
Solvent
Recovery
Facilities
Total 22,639 84,068
On-site Releases
Total Air
Emissions
Pounds
1,175,054,932
4,452,614
1,771,548
841,919,820
1,318,395
4,044,223
802391
2,029,364,423
Surface
Water
Discharges
Pounds
253,591,816
447,029
235 ,267
4,510,038
3344
43,606
50,676
258,881,776
Underground Injection
Class 1 Class II V
Wells Wells
Pounds Pounds
199,398,335 149,468
0 35,092,409
0 143,700
0 5
0 0
0 0
22,861,227 0
222,259,562 35,385,582
On-site Land Releases
RCRA Other
Subtitle C On-site Land
Landfills Releases
Pounds Pounds
1 2,440 ,355 311,227,4%
0 3,934,845,946
0 9,608,323
1,298,989 256,822,151
0 1,281
528 14,641
206,756,050 13,707,014
220,495,922 4,526,226,852
Total
On-site
Releases
Pounds
1,951,862,402
3,974337,998
11758338
1,104,551,003
1323,020
4,102,998
244,177358
7,292,614,117
Off-site
Releases
Transfers
Off-site to
Disposal
Pounds
374^47,596
2,178368
0
57,958,243
648,639
165,553
433Zi555
479,423,454
Total
On- and
Off-site
Releases
Pounds
2326309,998
3.977,016366
11758338
1,162,509,246
1,971,659
4,268,551
288,002,413
7,772,037,571
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases include metals and metal
compounds transferred off-site for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs. Off-site Releases do not include transfers to disposal sent
to other TRI Facilities that reported the amount as an on-site release.
Facilities/forms are included in the original industry category if they did not report a new industry SIC code. Facilities/forms are included in the new industry category if the
facility/form has a new industry SIC code and no SIC code in 20-39. If the facility reported in any year prior to 1998 and the facility/form has a combination of original and
new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the original industry category. If the facility reported for the first time in 1998 or later and the facility/form has a
combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the new industry category.
One facility, Phelps Dodge Miami Inc. in Claypool, AZ, that reported under SIC code 33 and SIC code 10 in 1999 and previous years has been included in the new industry
category SIC code 10 lor the purpose of this analysis.
Due to an EPA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Letterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, reporting in the original
industry sector were not included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's off-site transfers to disposal
amounts for zinc compounds from 17,147339 pounds to zero and lead compounds from 60,123 pounds to zero. The facility anticipated revising off-site transfers to disposal
for manganese compounds from 5384,900 pounds to below 500 pounds.
E-2
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Figure E-1. TRI Total Releases by Industry,
Original and New Industries, 1999
Petroleum Terminals
and Bulk Storage
Facilities
0.1%
Chemical
Wholesale
Distributors
0.03%
Electric Generating Facilities
15.0%
Coal Mining
0.2%
RCRA Subtitle C TSD
and Solvent
Recovery Facilities
3.7%
Original
Industries
29.9%
Metal Mining
51.2%
TRI Total Releases, 1999: 7.77 billion pounds
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are
from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases
include metals and metal compounds transferred off-site for solidifica-
tion/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs. Off-
site Releases do not include transfers to disposal sent to other TRI
Facilities that reported the amount as an on-site release.
industries and those listed chemicals that
have been reportable since 1988. Year-to-
year comparisons must be based on a con-
sistent set of chemicals and reporting
industries to ensure that any changes in
releases or other waste management data
do not simply reflect changes in reporting
requirements from year to year.
Total On-site and Off-site
Releases, 1998-1999
In 1999,22,639 facilities submitted 84,068
forms. On- and off-site releases for all TRI
industries totaled 7.77 billion pounds for
that year. The original industries accounted
for 30 percent of this total. Among the new
industries, metal mining accounted for 51
percent, and electric generating facilities
accounted for 15 percent. (See Table E-1
and Figure E-1.)
On-site air emissions totaled 2.03 billion
pounds, more than one-quarter of the total
releases. More than half of all air emissions
were reported by the original industries.
Electric generating facilities accounted for
another 40 percent. The second largest type
of release was on-site land releases, prima-
rily from metal mining. Metal mining facili-
ties reported 83 percent of the total 4.75 bil-
lion pounds of on-site land releases.
Releases also include transfers of TRI chem-
icals in waste sent off-site for disposal to
such sites as landfills and underground
injection wells. The original industries
reported more than three-quarters of these
off-site releases—374.6 million pounds of
the 479.4 million pounds of total off-site
releases reported by all TRI industries.
Nevada was the state with the largest total
releases reported by new industries. New
industry facilities in Nevada reported 1.16
billion pounds of total releases, more than
20 percent of all releases reported by the
new industries. (See Table E-2.)
Texas was the state with the largest total
releases reported by original industries.
The original industry facilities in Texas
reported 257.9 million pounds of total
releases, more than 10 percent of all releas-
es reported by the original industries.
Overall, total on- and off-site releases
increased from 1998 to 1999 by 5 percent.
The original industries, coal mining and
petroleum terminals and bulk storage facili-
ties reported decreases for that period. The
original industries reported a 2.5 percent
decrease, coal mining reported a 10 percent
decrease and petroleum terminals and bulk
storage facilities reported a 5.5 percent
decrease. (See Table E-3 and Figure E-2.)
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
E-3
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Table E-2. TRI Total Releases by State, Original and New Industries, 1999
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Marianas
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Total
Total On-site and Off-site Releases
Original Industries
Pounds
75,132385
1,671,982
0
50782,129
37,592,186
42,747339
6,6753)2
6,359,752
7,708,180
18X>%
76714XMO
60,950,277
0
401,133
26317AM
95,873,821
125,781,848
34,665340
33,069.818
45,813,925
134,825,056
7,728,607
13,626.221
5,602,815
72,468,757
20,080,339
62,452,276
56,780,432
48,659375
19,012,631
4,368,476
3,114,421
21,818X100
20,463,178
35,840,928
67,121335
2395,162
0
140,208,448
22,961,015
21,811,249
160/461,734
6324,486
1,2%X>69
59730,443
3364,241
88,470,887
257,858,098
82,785,620
646,780
699/418
57/111 X>80
24,804,178
21,762.246
40,990X5
9,689355
2326309,998
Rank
10
48
—
18
23
21
41!
41
59
53
9
14
—
52
27
6
-
25
26
20
4
38
36
43
11
34
13
17
19
35
44
46
30
33
24
12
a
—
» i
29
31
•3
42
49
15
45
7
1
8
51
50
16
28
32
22
37
New Industries
Pounds
62,995,934
431345304
SJBt
912347,939
3,933,290
26,298,645
19,409,489
1,475323
3,672,174
79^71
72*92380
65,974X104
501,108
2,173,658
59,458395
69,181X176
73X188364
14,126389
9304,240
6039U97
15327349
120,061
30354365
6,273390
69317,757
11,142,248
13343382
72,960,345
78,959,073
8,254,822
1,164X09385
2757333
9,465385
241312,999
35,973300
91,228,696
21,060,751
3,412
163,019,708
14,108,242
45384307
92314,818
11348,219
95X129
24330/454
8364,736
55340,140
56,008X133
1X179,001349
0
69,495
23,158325
3,670737
78729365
17391,132
9,740,423
5,445327373
Rank
17
4
54
3
43
25
29
4S
44
52
13
16
49
47
19
15
11
32
38
18
31
50
24
42
14
36
M
i:
9
41
1
46
39
5
23
8
28
55
i
33
22
7
35
51
26
40
21
TO
2
—
53
27
45
10
30
37
All TRI Industries
Pounds
138,128319
433XH7786
5,628
963330X168
41325,476
69,045,984
26X184,691
7335,275
11380354
97,967
149,406,620
126,924,281
501,108
2374791
85,976339
165,054397
198,870,712
48,792,429
42374X158
106,205322
150,152,605
7348,668
43,981X86
11.876,205
142,286314
31,222387
75,795358
129,740,777
127,618,648
27,267,453
1,168,407361
5371,954
31,283385
262,276,177
713K228
158350331
23,655,913
3,412
303,228,156
37,069,257
67,695756
252776352
18,172705
1391,098
84X160397
12,128,977
144,311,027
313,866,131
1,161786,969
646,780
768,913
80369,605
28,474,915
100,492,111
58381777
19,429,778
7,77^037371
Rank
16
4
55
3
33
27
19
4-
4j
54
13
19
53
49
22
10
9
•.i
-;
20
12
46
31
44
15
36
25
17
18
38
1
48
35
7
26
11
46
56
6
34
28
8
42
50
23
43
M
5
:
52
51
24
37
21
29
41
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R Off- siteReleases are from Section 6 (transfers otl-siK to disposal) of Form R. On-site Release* include metals and metal compounds transferred off-
site for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs Off-site Releases do not include transfers to disposal sent to other TRI Facilities that reported the amount as an on-
site release.Facilities/forms are included in the original industry category if they did nol report a new industry SIC code. Facilities/forms are included in the new industry category if the facility/form has a
new industry SIC code and no SIC code in 20-39. If the facility reported in any year prior to 1998 and (he facility/form has a combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then tKe facility/form is
included in the anginal industry category. If the facility reported for the first time m 1998 or later and the facility/form has a combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is
included in the new industry category. One facility, Phelps Dodge Miami Inc. m Oaypool, AZ, that reported under SIC code 33 and SIC code 10 in 1999 and previous years has been induded in the new
industry category SIC code 10 for the purpose of this analysis.
*Due to an EFA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Lrtterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, reporting in the original industry sector were no*
included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's total releases for zinc compounds from 17,147,339 pounds to zero and lead compounds
from 60,123 pound* to zero. The facility anticipated revising total releases for manganese compounds from 5,584,900 pounds to below 500 pounds. The effect of Ihe revisions is to change the rank for Ihe
original industries in Pennsylvania to 3 and m Ohio to 2, as noted in this table
E-4
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Table E-3. TRI Total Releases by Industry, Original and New Industries, 1998-1999
SIC Code
20-39
10
12
491/493
5169
5171
4953/7389
Industry
Original Industries
Metal Mining
Coal Mining
Electric Generating Facilities
Chemical Wholesale Distributors
Petroleum Terminals and Bulk Storage Facilities
RCRA Subtitle C TSD and Solvent Recovery
Facilities
Total
Total On-site and Off-site Releases
1998
Pounds
2386,229,289
3,560,719,410
13X124394
1,137,623361
1,537,099
4,514,607
280,413,169
7,384,061,829
1999
Pounds
2326309,998
3,977,016366
11,758338
1,162,509,246
1,971,659
4,268,551
288,002,413
7,772,037,571
Change 1998-1999
Pounds
-59,719,291
416,297,456
-1,266,056
24385385
434360
-246,056
7389,244
387,975,742
Percent
-23
11.7
-97
2.2
283
-5.5
2.7
5.3
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases include
metals and metal compounds transferred off-site for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs. Off-site Releases do not
include transfers to disposal sent to other TRI Facilities that reported the amount as an on-site release.
Facilities/forms are included in the original industry category if they did not report a new industry SIC code. Facilities/forms are included in the new industry
category if the facility/form has a new industry SIC code and no SIC code in 20-39. If the facility reported in any year prior to 1998 and the facility/form has a
combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the original industry category. If the facility reported for the first time
in 1998 or later and the facility/form has a combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the new industry category.
One facility, Phelps Dodge Miami Inc. in Ciaypool, AZ, that reported under SIC code 33 and SIC code 10 in 1999 and previous years has been included in the
new industry category SIC code 10 for the purpose of this analysis.
Due to an EPA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Letterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, reporting in
the original industry sector were not included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's total
releases for zinc compounds from 17,147,839 pounds to zero and lead compounds from 60,123 pounds to zero. The facility anticipated revising total releases for
manganese compounds from 5,584,900 pounds to below 500 pounds.
Figure E-2. TRI Total Releases, Original and New Industries, 1998-1999
D Transfers Off-sile to
Disposal
B Other On-site Land
Releases
^Underground Injection
1 Surface Water
Discharges
'total Air Emissions
1999
HCRA Subtitle C
TSD and Solvent
Recovery
Facilities
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases include met-
als and metal compounds transferred off-site for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs. Off-site Releases do not include
transfers to disposal sent to other TRI Facilities that reported the amount as an on-site release.
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
E-5
-------
Toxics Re/ease Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
The largest increase in total releases from
1998 to 1999 was reported by metal min-
ing—an increase of 416.3 million pounds or
12 percent. This increase was primarily due
to one metal mining facility's retiring of a
leach pad in 1999. This Utah facility had a
large one-year increase of 505 million
pounds reported as on-site land releases.
Electric generating facilities reported an
increase, of 24.9 million pounds or 2 per-
cent. For chemical wholesale distributors,
total releases increased by about 400,000
pounds or 28 percent.
Waste Management Data,
1998-1999
During 1999, a total of 29.49 billion pounds
of TRI chemicals in production-related
waste was reported as managed. More than
three-quarters of the production-related
waste was managed by original industry
facilities. Another 12 percent was reported
by metal mining, and electric generating
facilities reported managing 6 percent. (See
Table E-4 and Figure E-3.)
More than one-quarter of total production-
related waste was recycled on-site, mostly
by facilities in the original industries. The
original industries reported recycling 7.84
billion pounds on-site, more than 97 per-
cent of the total reported by all TRI indus-
tries. The second largest type of waste
managed was treated on-site—7.60 billion
pounds by all TRI industries. Again, the
original industries reported the most of this
type of waste management, more than 90
percent of the total.
Table E-4. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by Industry, Original and New Industries, 1999
SIC
Code Industry
20-39 Original Industries
10 Metal Mining
12 Coal Mining
4917493 Electric Generating
Facilities
5169 Chemical
Wholesale
Distributors
5171 PetroleumTerminals
and Bulk Storage
Facilities
4953/ RCRA Subtitle C
7389 TSD and Solvent
Recovery Facilities
Total
Recycled
On-site Off-site
Founds Founds
7,839,852,848 2,134,897,467
22,184,030 3,305317
1,137,970 ' 6,753
786,720 7,571,783
19,615,110 206542
34,171,226 1,649355
120,601,759 22,417,208
8,038,349,663 2,170,055,125
Energy Recovery
On-site Off-site
Pounds Founds
2306,098,993 511,631,406
0 840
0 0
5304,250 42,200
72,746 14,272,788
31,599 298,076
5,354,008 253X150,431
2,816,861,596 779,295,741
Treated
On-site Off-site
Pounds Founds
6350326,119 571,669356
14,978,477 14,784
376,542 0
463,594,435 441,%1
1,188,795 3,016,945
7,734,904 681,114
266,454305 68,475380
7,604,653,577 644,299,940
Quantity
Released On-
and Off-site
Pounds
2384303,476
3,587,214,014
10,632,473
1,173,660,962
1,419,993
4,149,103
279,212369
7,440392390
Total
Production-
related Waste
Managed
Pounds
23,098,779365
3,627,697,962
12,153,738
1,651,402311
39,792,919
48,715377
1,015365,660
29,494,108,032
Nun-
production-
related Waste
Managed
Pounds
305,727,127
505,192,483
34
318,178
858,589
273,565
15,273
812385,249
Note: Data are from Section 8 of Form R.
Facilities/forms are included in the original industry category if they did not report a new industry SIC code. Facilities/forms are included in the new industry cat-
egory if the facility/form has a new industry SIC code and no SIC code in 20-39. If the facility reported in any year prior to 1998 and the facility/form has a combi-
nation of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the original industry category. If the facility reported for the first time in 1998
or later and the facility/form has a combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the new industry category.
One facility, Phelps Dodge Miami Inc. in Claypool, AZ, that reported under SIC code 33 and SIC code 10 in 1999 and previous years has been included in the new
industry category SIC code 10 for the purpose of this analysis.
Due to an EPA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Letterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, reporting in the
original industry sector were not included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's treated off-
site amounts for zinc compounds from 17,147,839 pounds to zero and lead compounds from 60,123 pounds to zero. The facility anticipated revising treated off-site
for manganese compounds from 5,584,900 pounds to below 500 pounds.
E-6
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
-------
Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Figure E-3. TRI Total Production-related Waste
Managed, Original and New Industries, 1999
Petroleum Terminals
and Bulk Storage Chemical
Facilities_ Wholesale
0.2%
Electric Generating
Facilities
5.6%
Coal Mining
0.04%
Metal Mining
12.3%
RCRA Subtitle C
TSD and Solvent
Recovery Facilities
3.4%
Original
Industries
78.3%
TRI Total Production-related Waste Managed, 1999: 29.49 billion pounds
Note: Data are from Section 8 of Form R.
The portion of total production-related
waste released on- and off-site totaled 7.44
billion pounds, one-quarter of all produc-
tion-related waste reported for 1999. Metal
mining reported almost half of the quantity
released on- and off-site and the original
industries reported one-third.
Overall, total production-related waste
increased by less than 1 percent from 1998
to 1999. The original industries reported an
increase of over one percent which was off-
set by the almost 2 percent decrease report-
ed by the new industries. Both the original
and new industries reported decreases in
quantities released on- and off-site. The
increase came, primarily from amounts
treated on-site where the original indus-
tries reported an increase of 16 percent and
the new industries reported an increase of
20 percent. (See Table E-5 and Figure E-A.)
Non-production-related waste is overstated
in this report for all years. Those forms
indicating NA for non-production-related
waste were assigned one pound erroneous-
ly. The total amount overstated is about
4,500 pounds for each year.
Total On-site and Off-site
Releases 1988-1999
For the core set of chemicals from indus-
tries that have reported consistently since
1988, total releases on- and off-site
decreased by 45.5 percent between 1988
and 1999, a reduction of 1.46 billion
pounds. The number of forms submitted,
however, also declined by 5.5 percent. On-
site releases decreased by 54 percent (or
1.50 billion pounds); however, off-site
releases increased during this period by 8
percent (or 33.0 million pounds). (See Table
E-6 and Figure E-5.)
All on-site release categories showed
decreases. Air emissions decreased by 61
percent (or 1.32 billion pounds). Surface
water discharges decreased by 66 percent
(or 27.7 million pounds), underground
injection decreased by 32 percent (or 52.6
million pounds) and on-site land releases
decreased by 23 percent (or 94.0 million
pounds).
The largest increases in off-site releases
occurred in solidification/stabilization of
metals, an increase of 110.0 million pounds
or (372 percent) and in off-site under-
ground injection, an increase of 11.1 million
pounds (or 128 percent). The category of
off-site release with the largest decrease, on
the other hand, was transfers to landfills
and surface impoundments, which
decreased by 45.5 million pounds (or 17
percent).
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
E-7
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Table E-5. Quantities of TRI Chemicals in Waste by Waste Management Activity,
Original and New Industries, 1998-1999
Waste Management Activity
Recycled On-site
Recycled Off-site
Energy Recovery On-site
Energy Recovery Off-site
Treated On-site
Treated Off-site
Quantity Released
On- and Off-site
Total Production-related Waste
Non-production-related Waste
Original Industries
1998
Pounds
8,407381,641
2071*39,013
2,827,695,743
487388,775
5,913,717,613
592,216,295
2,475386,574
22,775,425,654
26308,358
1999
Fbunds
7,839,852,848
2,134,897,467
2,806,098,993
511,631,406
6350326,119
571,669356
2,384,303,476
23,098,779,865
305,723367
Change
1998-1999
Ftrcent
-6.8
3.1
-0.8
4.9
15.8
-3.5
-3.7
1.4
1,062.1
New Industries
1998
founds
204380355
37327,609
11399,201
413,103,773
629,209381
90,988,751
5,118,407,472
6304,816,742
1,611,759
1999
Pounds
198,496,815
35,157,658
10,762,603
267,664335
754327,458
72,630384
5,056,288,914
6,395328,167
506,658,122
Change
1998-1999
Percent
-2.9
-5.8
-5.6
-35.2
19.9
-20.2
-1.2
-1.7
31335.1
All TRI Industries
1998
Pounds
8,611,761,9%
2,108,766,622
2,839,094,944
900,692348
6342,927,194
683,205,046
7393,794,046
29,280,242396
27,924,813
1999
Pounds
8,038349,663
2,170,055,125
2,816,861,5%
779,295,741
7,604,653377
644,299,940
7,440,592390
29,494,108,032
812,385349
Change
1998-1999
Percent
-6.7
2.9
-0.8
-133
162
-5.7
-2.0
0.7
2,809.2
Note: Data are from Section 8 of Form R for 1998 and 1999.
Facilities/forms are included in the original industry category if they did not report a new industry SIC code. Facilities/forms are included in the new industry
category if the facility/form has a new industry SIC code and no SIC code in 20-39. If the facility reported in any year prior to 1998 and the facility/form has a
combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the original industry category. If the facility reported for the first time
in 1998 or later and the facility/form has a combination of original and new industry SIC codes, then the facility/form is included in the new industry category.
One facility, Phelps Dodge Miami Inc. in Claypool, AZ, that reported under SIC code 33 and SIC code 10 in 1999 and previous years has been included in the
new industry category SIC code 10 for the purpose of this analysis-
Due to an EPA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Letterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, were not
included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's treated off-site amounts for zinc compounds
from 17,147,839 pounds to zero and lead compounds from 60,123 pounds to zero. The facility anticipated revising treated off-site for manganese compounds
from 5,584,900 pounds to below 500 pounds.
Figure E-4 TRI Production-related Waste Managed, Original and New Industries, 1998-1999
I
8.000.
3,000-
and Off -site
• Treated Off-site
n Energy Recovery
Off-tin
On-«in
• Recycled Off site
D Recycled On-site
1 1 PI B . a m
1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 .998 1999 1998 1999
Original Metal Mining Coal Mining Etectnc Chemical Petroleum HCRA Subtitle C
Industries Generating Wholesale Terminals and TSD and Solvent
Facilities Distributors Bulk Storage Recovery
Facilities Facilities
Note: Data are from Section 8 of TRI Form R
E-8
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Table E-6. Comparison of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Original Industries, 1988, 1995 and 1998-1999
Total Forms
Form Rs
Form As
On-site Releases
Total Air Emissions
Fugitive Air Emissions
Point Source Air Emissions
Surface Water Discharges
Underground Injection
On-site Land Releases
Total On-site Releases
Off-site Releases
Storage Only3
Solidification/Stabilization13
Metals and Metal Compounds Only
Wastewater Treatment (excluding POTWs)c
Metals and Metal Compounds Only
Transfers to POTWsd
Metals and Metal Compounds Only
Underground Injection
Landfills/Surface Impoundments
Land Treatment
Other Land Disposal
Other Off-site Management
Transfers to Waste Broker for Disposal
Unknown6
Total Off-site Releases
(Transfers Off-site to Disposal)
Total On-site and Off-site Releases
1988
Number
60,312
60,312
Founds
2,180,639,873
680,462,991
1,500,176382
41,919,468
161,915,411
405,909,382
2,790,384,134
1995
Number
60,921
55,913
5,008
Pounds
1,204,241,021
307,062,214
897,178307
16,976,022
154,739,353
268346,160
1,644,302356
1998
Number
58321
50,308
8,213
Pounds
926,738384
217394352
709,144,232
17328,531
114,704330
332307,146
1,391,079,391
1999
Number
57,001
48,913
8,088
Pounds
858,480,472
200342,670
658,137302
14,260,544
109,315,219
311,947,947
1,294,004,182
13^30,674
29,543,178
4,647,706
9388,447
8,735,126
265,674,001
2,704,070
9,350,408
37393,064
29,776,880
11,270,380
422,713,934
3,213,098,068
2,233,190
26301,593
3381,107
2,552,146
12,081,030
215,062335
889,966
10,549,826
13313,937
4,121,369
1,646,924
293,333,923
1,937,636,479
5304,460
135,956,958
3326,735
3,009,214
9,761,234
225,369,272
539,102
13313324
9,053/431
12,414,747
3370397
422,119,574
1313,198,965
5,934,163
139325,845
6392,982
3,345,324
19376,281
220,191,647
2352^22
12,112,847
31,932,085
10,220,169
3,143,438
455,727,003
1,749,731,185
Change 1988-1999
Number
-3311
—
Pounds
-1322,159,401
-480,120321
-842^39,080
-27,658,924
-5^600,192
-93,961,435
-1,496379,952
Percent
-53
—
—
Percent
-60.6
-70.6
-56.1
-66.0
-323
-23.1
-53.6
-73963U
109,982,667
1,945,276
-6,243,123
11,141,155
^15,482,354
148,152
2,762,439
-5,660,979
-19,556,711
-8,126,942
33,013,069
-1,4633*6383
-57.1
372.3
41.9
-65.1
1275
-17.1
55
29.5
-15.1
-65.7
-72.1
73
-453
Note: On-site Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases include met-
als and metal compounds transferred off-site for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs. Breakdown of Underground
Injection and On-site Land Releases (for RCRA Subtitle C landfills) began in 1996 reporting year.
Due to an EPA data entry error, three chemical reporting revisions for 1999 by one facility, the US Army Letterkenny Depot in Chambersburg, PA, were not
included in tables in this report (except in federal facility tables). The effect of the revisions is to change the facility's off-site transfers to disposal amounts for zinc
compounds from 17,147339 pounds to zero and lead compounds from 60,123 pounds to zero. The facility anticipated revising off-site transfers to disposal for
manganese compounds from 5,584,900 pounds to below 500 pounds.
a Storage only (disposal code M10) indicates that the toxic chemical is sent off-site for storage because there is no known disposal method. Amounts reported as
transferred to storage only are included as a form of disposal (off-site release). See Box 1-5.
k Beginning in reporting year 1997, transfers to solidification/stabilization of metals and metal compounds (waste treatment code M41) are reported separately
from transfers to solidification/stabilization of non-metal TRI chemicals (waste treatment code M40). Because this treatment method prepares a metal for disposal,
but does not destroy it such transfers are included as a form of disposal (off-site release). See Box 1-6. Reports under code M40 of metals and metal compounds
have been included in solidification/stabilization of metals and metal compounds in this report.
c Beginning in reporting year 1997, transfers to wastewater treatment (excluding POTWs) of metals and metal compounds (waste treatment code M61) are report-
ed separately from transfers to wastewater treatment of non-metal TRI chemicals (waste treatment code M60). Because wastewater treatment does not destroy
metals, such transfers are included as a form of disposal (off-site release). See Box 1-6. Transfers of metals and metal compounds reported under code M60 have
been included in transfers of metals and metal compounds to wastewater treatment.
^ Reported as discharges to POTWs in Section 6.1 of Form R. EPA considers transfers of metals and metal compounds to POTWs an off-site release because
sewage treatment does not destroy the metal content of the waste material.
e Unknown (disposal code M99) indicates that a facility is not aware of the type of waste management used for the toxic chemical that is sent off-site. Amounts
reported as unknown transfers are treated as a form of disposal (off-site release).
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
Figure E-5. Distribution of TRI On-site and Off-site Releases, Original Industries, 1988-1999
• Transfers Off-site to
Disposal
• On-site Land
Releases
• Underground
Injection
• Surface Water
Discharges
• Total Air Emissions
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Note: Does not include delisted chemicals, chemicals added in 1990,1991,1994 and 1995, aluminum oxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. On-site
Releases are from Section 5 of Form R. Off-site Releases are from Section 6 (transfers off-site to disposal) of Form R. Off-site Releases include metals and metal
compounds transferred off-sile for solidification/stabilization and for wastewater treatment, including to POTWs.
UNDERSTANDING THE
USES, SCOPE AND LIMITS
OF TRI DATA
While TRI provides the public, industry,
and state and local governments an invalu-
able source of key environmental data, it
has some limitations that must be consid-
ered when using the data. Although the
Agency has expanded the number of
industries that must report, the program
does not cover all sources of releases and
other waste management activities of TRI
chemicals. Although TRI is successful in
capturing information on a significant por-
tion of toxic chemicals currently being used
by covered industry sectors, it does not
cover all toxic chemicals or all industry sec-
tors. In addition, facilities that do not meet
the TRI threshold levels (those with fewer
than 10 full-time employees or those not
meeting TRI quantity thresholds) are not
required to report. Thus, while the TRI
includes 84,068 reports from 22,639 facilities
for 1999, the 7.77 billion pounds of on-and
off-site releases reported represent only a
portion of all toxic chemical releases nation-
wide.
Furthermore, facilities often report estimat-
ed data to TRI, and the program does not
mandate that they monitor their releases.
Various estimation techniques are used
when monitoring data are not available,
and EPA has published estimation guid-
ance for the regulated community.
Variations between facilities can result from
the use of different estimation methodolo-
E-10
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
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Toxics Release Inventory 1999 Executive Summary
gies. Patterns of releases and other waste
management activities can change dramati-
cally from one year to the next.
These factors should be taken into account
when considering data accuracy and com-
parability.
TRI reports reflect releases and other waste
management activities of chemicals, not
exposures of the public to those chemicals.
Release estimates alone are not sufficient to
determine exposure or to calculate poten-
tial adverse effects on human health and
the environment. Although additional
information is necessary to assess exposure
and risk, TRI data can be used to identify
areas of potential concern.
TRI data, in conjunction with other infor-
mation, can be used as a starting point in
evaluating exposures that may result from
releases and other waste management
activities of toxic chemicals. The determina-
tion of potential risk depends upon many
factors, including the toxicity of the chemi-
cal, the fate of the chemical after it is
released, the locality of the release, and the
populations that are exposed to the chemi-
cal after its release.
ACCESSING THE TRI DATA
The TRI data and data release reports can
be accessed through the EPA's TRI home
page at . The TRI
home page also provides other background
information on the TRI program and TRI
data as well as information on applicable
statutes, regulations, and guidance.
1999 Toxics Release Inventory — Public Data Release
E-11
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