APTD-1568a
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water Programs
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Emission Control Technology Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
ALDEHYDE AND REACTIVE
ORGANIC EMISSIONS
FROM MOTOR VEHICLES
Part I
Advanced Automotive Control
Systems Vehicles
Final Report
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APTD-1568a
ORGANIC EMISSIONS
Part I "Advanced Automotive Control
Systems Vehicles
Prepared by
U.S. Bureau of Mines
Bartlesville Energy Research Center
Fuels Combustion Research Group
Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Interagency Agreement Number EPA-IAG-0188(D)
EPA Project Officer: Dr. Joseph H. Somers
Prepared for
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water .Programs
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Emission Control Technology Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
March 1973
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•The; APTD (Mr Pollution Technical Data) series of reports is issued: by
the Office' of Air -Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and
Water Programs,. Environmental'"Protection Agency, to report *technical data
of interest to: a:'limited number; of readers. Copies of APTD reports, are
available free of' charge; to Federal employees, current contractors anil
grantees,: arid non>profit organizations - as supplies permit - from the-
Air Pollution. Technical' Information Center, Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711., or may ;be-obtained',
for a> nominal cost,, from the National Technical Information Service-, 5285:
Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by the
U.. S. Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, in fulfillment of Ihter-
agency Agreement No. EPA>-MG-0188(D). The contents of this report are
reproduced herein as .received from the contractor. The opinions, findings,
and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily
those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement .by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
Publication No. APTD-1568a
11
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FOREWORD
This report presents a summary of work performed by the Fuels
Combustion Research Group, Bartlesville Energy Research Center,
Bureau of Mines, for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
Office of Air & Water Programs, Office of Mobile Source Air
Pollution Control, Emission Control Technology Division, Emission
Characterization and Control Development Branch under Interagency
Agreement number EPA-IAG-0188(D).
The program at Bartlesville was directed by R. W. Hurn, Research
Supervisor; Dr. R. D. Fleming, Assistant Research Supervisor was
responsible for the experimental work. Others who contributed
to the experimental work were: R. D. Lawrence, Mechanical
Engineer; T. R. French, Research Chemist; and R. D. Tate, J. L.
Bennett, Jr., and D. R. Thompson as Mechanical Engineering
Technicians. C. J. Raible, Research Physicist; Sammy Montee,
Physical Sciences Aide; and L. E. Nichols, Jr., Mechanical
Engineering Technican, assisted in the chromatographic analysis
of hydrocarbons. J. M. Clingenpeel, Chemical Engineer; Carol
Wilson, Research Chemist; and R. F. Stevens, Mechanical
Engineering Technician, assisted in aldehyde measurements. Dr.
Joseph H. Somers was the Project Officer for EPA.
Vehicles used in the experimental program were furnished by
General Motors Corporation, Esso Research and Engineering
Company, Chrysler Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Ethyl
Corporation.
Ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
' '-" ' . '".'.''•' ' '•'.'' • Page
FOREWORD . . iii
LIST OF FIGURES'. . . . . . . ............ . . k'.:yii
LIST OF TABLES . . yiii
SUBJECT 1
OBJECTIVE ;. 1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. ................ : 1
Applicable to the Fuel Study . . . . . . . . . . :. .2
Applicable to the Temperature Study. ,4
DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLES AND FUELS 5.
Vehicles. ..................... 5
Fue Is 6
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM. ........ ?
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 9
Test Procedures 9
Exhaust Sampling and Analysis 10
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 10
Fuel Study . 10
Temperature Study 23
Comparison of MBTH and DNPH Methods for Aldehyde
Measurement 28
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
: Page
COMPARISON OF RESULTS :FRQM THIS PROGRAM WITH THE RESULTS
OF OTHER INVESTIGATIONS.. ...... ... , ........... 32
REFERENCES . . .. , . .. , . .. .. . ,. .. , .. . ...,.' . . ...... 36
APPENDIX A.. -•? Data on the influence of fuel composition on
mass emissions from-prototype low emission systems. . . . .38
APPENDIX B. .r- Data on the influence of fuel composition on
hydrocarbon distribution In exhaust from prototype low
emission systems . ... .47
APPENDIX C. - Data on the influence of ambient temperature
on mass emissions frpm prptptype low emission systems . . .53
APPENDIX D, rr Data on the influence of .ambient temperature
on hydrocarbon distributipn in .exhaust from prptptype
low emission systems 65
APPENDIX E. r- Data on the comparison .of MBTH ,and DNPH methods
for aldehyde •measurements (Data are .expressed .as grams/
mile on the basis of the 1972 Federal test procedure). . . 81
vi
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LIST OF FIGURES
1. The influence of fuel composition on carbon monoxide and 3.3
total hydrocarbon emissions from prototype low emission
systems.
2. The influence of fuel composition on nitrogen oxides and 14
aldehyde emissions from prototype low emission systems.
3. The influence of fuel composition on ethylene and C^-Cc 21
olefin emissions from prototype low-emission systems.
4. The influence of fuel composition on methane and Cy, 22
aromatic emissions from prototype low-emission systems.
5. The influence of ambient temperature on mass emissions from 26
prototype low-emission systems (vehicles operated on high
aromatic fuels; car 403 on fuel 7202 and cars 724 and 775
on fuel 7221).
6. The influence of ambient temperature on mass emissions from 27
prototype low-emission systems [vehicles operated on high
alkylate fuel (7212)].
7. Comparison of DNPH and MBTH methods for measurement of 31
aldehyde emissions using fuels of varied aromatic content
(data are expressed in terms of the 1972 Federal test
procedure).
vii
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LIST OF TABLES
l
1. Fuel inspection data. 8
2. Summary data on influence of fuel composition on mass 11
emissions from prototype low emission vehicles.
3. Summary data on the influence of fuel,composition on 17
hydrocarbon distribution in^ exhaust from prototype low
emission vehicles.
4. Summary of data on the influence of ambient temperature 24
on mass emissions from prototype low emission systems.
5. Summary of data on the influence of ambient temperature 29
on hydrocarbon distribution in exhaust from prototype
low emission systems.
A-l. Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test 38
procedure and individual replicate tests for the fuel
study.
A-2. Mass emissions for individual replicate tests for the 44
fuel study [data are weighted in accordance with the 1975
Federal test, procedure] .
B-l. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of 47
the 1975 Federal test procedure and invididual replicate
tests for the fuel study.
B-2. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate 50
tests for the fuel study [data are weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure].
C-l. Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal 53
test procedure and individual replicate tests for the
temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403)
with a 455-CID engine: and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst and EGR].
O2. Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal 57
test procedure and individual replicate tests for the
temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (car No. 724) with
a 351-CID engine and. equipped, with-platinum oxidation
catalyst and EGR] .
VI11
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C-3. Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test 59
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775) with a 360-CID
engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR].
C-4. Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in 61
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the
temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403)
with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst and EGR].
C-5. Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in 63
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the
temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with a 351-
CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalyst
and EGR] .
C-6. Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted 64
in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for
the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775)
with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean
reactors and EGR].
D-l. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of 65
the 1975 Federal test procedure and individual replicate
tests for the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta
88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a
base-metal oxidation catalyst and EGR].
D-2. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of 67
the 1975 Federal test procedure and individual replicate
tests for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car
724) with a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum
oxidation catalysts and EGR] .
D-3. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of 71
the 1975 Federal test procedure and individual replicate
tests for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III
(Car 775) with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the
Ethyl lean reactors and EGR].
D-4. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate 75
tests weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test
procedure for the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile
Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine and equipped
with a base-metal oxidation catalyst and EGR] .
IX
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D-5. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate 77
tests weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test
procedure for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino
(Car 724) with a 351-CID engine and equipped with
platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR].
D-6. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate 79
tests weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test
procedure for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury
III (Car 775) with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the
Ethyl lean reactors and EGR].
E-l. Data on the comparison of MBTH and DNPH methods for 81
aldehyde measurements (Data are expressed as grams/mile
on the basis of the 1972 Federal test procedure).
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PART I — ALDEHYDE AND REACTIVE ORGANIC EMISSIONS
FROM ADVANCED AUTOMOTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS VEHICLES
I. SUBJECT
This report covers results from experimental work in measurement
of aldehyde and reactive organic emissions as well as carbon
monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions from automobiles
equipped with various types of advanced prototype emission
control systems including both catalytic and thermal reactor
type systems.
II. OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to characterize aldehyde and
reactive organic emissions from vehicles with prototype
advanced emission control systems to provide data necessary
to help determine if there is a need for aldehyde and/or
reactive organic motor vehicle regulations, and to determine
on a preliminary basis, the effect of ambient temperature on
the emission characteristics of advanced emission control
systems.
Ill. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Definitive engineering information was obtained on the emis-
sion characteristics of six vehicles equipped with advanced
emission control systems. The emission control systems
included:
1. A"base-metal oxidation catalyst system with exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR).
2. An Esso RAM thermal reactor system with EGR.
3. Two systems with platinum oxidation catalyst and
EGR.
4. An Ethyl lean reactor system with EGR.
5. An Esso dual catalyst system with a Monel reduction
catalyst and a platinum oxidation catalyst.
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Experimental data were taken using the 1975 Federal test
procedure on all six vehicles in a fuel s' dy with tests
conducted at 75° F ambient temperature and using fuels
varying in aromatic content from 10 to 40 pet. xln addition,
data were taken on three of the vehicles in a temperature
study with tests being conducted at 25°, 45°, and 95° F
ambient temperature. The three systems used in the tempera-
ture study were:
1. The base-metal oxidation catalyst system with EGR.
2. A platinum oxidation catalyst system with EGR.
3. The Ethyl lean reactor system.
The following were observed and conclusions were drawn as
follows:
A. Applicable to the Fuel Study
In the following list of observations and/or conclusions
fuel composition is expressed in terms of fuel aroma-
ticity. It should be noted, however, that increases in
fuel aromaticity also result in increases in fuel density
which can affect carburetor metering which in turn can
affect air-fuel ratio. Since mass emissions can be in-
fluenced by air-fuel ratio, some of the following observed
trends may be due to changes in air-fuel ratio rather than
changes in fuel aromaticity, per se.
1. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from the base-
metal oxidation catalyst system increased about
50 pet when fuel aromatics decreased from 35 to
10 pet. Carbon monoxide emission from the Esso dual
catalyst system increased about 30 pet and CO emission
from the Ethyl lean reactor decreased about 18 pet when
fuel aromatics decreased from 40 to 10 pet. Carbon mon-
oxide emission from the other three vehicles was unaf-
fected by fuel composition.
2. Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions from the base-metal
oxidation catalyst system increased about 50
pet when fuel aromaticity decreased from 35 to
10 pet. Hydrocarbon emission from one of the platinum
oxidation catalyst systems increased about 20 pet and
HC emission from the Esso dual catolyst system increased
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about 30 pet when fuel aromaticity decreased from 40 to
10 pet. The other three vehicles showed no consistent
trend in HC emissions with fuel composition.
3. Nitrogen oxides (NOX) emission decreased from
13 to 20 pet for the two platinum oxidation
catalyst systems and the Ethyl lean reactor
system; NO increased about 22 pet for the Esso dual
catalyst when fuel aromaticity decreased from 40 to
10 pet. The other two vehicles showed no consistent
trend in NOX emission with changes in fuel composition.
4. Aldehyde emissions [as measured by 3-methyl-
2-benzothiazolone hydrazone hydrochloride
(MBTH)] ranged from 8 to 46 mg/mile for the
six vehicles. The aldehydes were from 3 to 10 pet of
the total organic emissions. Aldehyde emission from
the base-metal oxidation catalyst system increased
about 43 pet when fuel aromaticity decreased from 35
to 10 pet. Aldehyde emission from the two platinum
catalyst systems increased about 25 pet when fuel
aromaticity decreased from 40 to 10 pet. The other
three vehicles showed no consistent trend in aldehyde
emissions with changes in fuel composition.
5. C^-C^ olefins in the exhaust from the base-
metal oxidation catalyst system increased from
28 to 56 mg/mile as fuel aromaticity decreased
from 35 to 10 pet. C3-Cc olefin emissions for one of
the platinum oxidation systems increased from 42 to
72 mg/mile and from 58 to 100 mg/mile for the other
platinum oxidation catalyst system when fuel aroma-
ticity decreased from 40 to 10 pet. The other three
vehicles showed no fuel effect on exhaust olefins.
6. All six vehicles showed a decreasing trend in
C-J+ aromatics in the exhaust with decreasing
fuel aromaticity. For the vehicles tested, C-,+ aromatics
in the exhaust decreased from 55 to 80 pet when fuel
aromaticity decreased from 40 to 10 pet.
7. Aldehydes when measured by the 2,4-dinitro-
phenylhydrazone (DNPH) method, were on the
average about 44 pet higher than the aldehydes measured
by the MBTH methods.
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B. Applicable to the Temperature Study
The following observations and/or conclusions are based
on results obtained when using the high aromatic fuels.
1. Carbon monoxide emission from the base-metal
oxidation catalyst system increased from 7.1
to 13.5 g/mile when ambient temperature was
decreased from 75° to 25° F; CO increased from 7.1 to
12.0 g/mile when ambient temperature increased from
75° to 95° F. For the platinum oxidation catalyst
system, CO increased from 5.2 g/mile at 95° F ambient
to 66.4 g/mile at 25° F ambient temperature. Carbon
monoxide from the Ethyl lean reactor system increased
from 4.5 g/mile at 95° F to 25.1 g/mile at 25° F.
2,. Hydrocarbon emission for all three vehicles
used in the temperature study was lowest
for 75° F ambient temperature and increased
as the temperature was either increased or decreased.
The increase in hydrocarbon emission when the ambient
temperature was decreased from 75°to 25° F was: From
0.33 to 0.82 g/mile for the base-metal oxidation
catalyst system; from 0.72 to 4.2 g/mile for the plat-
inum oxidation system; and from 0.43 to 1.85 g/mile
for the Ethyl lean reactor system. When ambient
temperature was increased from 75° to 95° F the increases
in HC emission for the three vehicles were: 0.33 to 0.63
g/mile; 0.72 to 0.82 g/mile; and 0.43 to 0.47 g/mile,
respectively.
3. Nitrogen oxides emission from the base-metal
oxidation catalyst system and the platinum
oxidation catalyst system was relatively in-
sensitive to changes in ambient temperature. For the
Ethyl lean reactor system, NO emission increased from
3.2 to 6.1 g/mile when ambient temperature decreased
from 75° to 25° F and NOX emission increased from 3.2
to 3.4 g/mile when ambient temperature increased, from
75° to 95° F.
4. Aldehyde emission increased with decreasing
ambient temperature over: the range of tempera-
tures tested for all three vehicles. As
ambient temperature was decreased from 95° to 25° F
aldehyde emission increased from: 22 to 41 mg/mile
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for the base metal oxidation system; 19 to 36 mg/mile
for the platinum oxidation system; and 12 to 63 mg/mile
for the Ethyl lean reactor system.
IV. DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLES AND FUELS
A. Vehicles
The following is a description of the six vehicles
used in the test program.
Car No. 403 - A 1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 with a
455-cubic inch displacement (CID) engine and a 4-
barrel carburetor. This car was furnished by General
Motors Corporation. The emission control system
included an air injection reactor (A.I.R.), a single
bed catalytic converter with a base-metal catalyst,
exhaust gas recirculation, a modified carburetor, and
modified spark timing schedule. The vehicle had about
3,800 miles at the start of test and the catalyst
mileage was about 650 miles.
Car No. 810 - A 1971 Ford LTD with a 351-CID
engine and 2-barrel carburetor. This car was furnished
by Esso Research and Engineering Company and was
equipped with a thermal reactor system known as the
RAM (Rapid Action Manifold) (1)-'. This system controls
CO and HC by homogeneous oxidation effected by injection
of secondary air into the net-rich exhaust, prior to
its entry into the well-mixed reactors. Nitrogen oxides
emission is controlled by a combination of fuel-rich
carburetion, EGR, and spark retard. The vehicle and
thermal reactors had about 5,100 miles at the start of
testing.
Car No. 333 - A 1971 Plymouth Fury III with a 360-
CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor. This car was
furnished by Chrysler Corporation and was equipped with
an air injection system and dual catalytic converters
containing two elements each of platinum monolithic
catalyst. This system also contained a modified car-
buretor, EGR, a water temperature switch to eliminate
if Underlined numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references
at the end of this report.
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EGR and vacuum spark advance when coolant temperature
was under 140° F, and a transmission governor pressure
switch to cut out vacuum spark advance when vehicle
speed was under 34 mph. The vehicle mileage was
57,200 miles, the left catalyst had 52,000 miles and
the fight catalyst had approximately 1,500 miles at
the start of testing.
Car No. 724 - A 1972 Ford Torino with a 351-CID
engine and 2-barrel carburetor. This vehicle was
furnished by Ford Motor Company and was equipped with
an air injection system, dual platinum oxidation
catalysts, modified carburetor, and modified spark
timing schedule. The vehicle had about 6,400 miles
and the catalyst mileage was about 4,000 miles.
Car No. 775 - A 1971 Plymouth Fury III with a 360-
CID engine. This vehicle was furnished by Ethyl
Corporation and was equipped with the lean reactor
system. The system incorporated an experimental high
velocity carburetor, modified intake manifold with
improved carburetor quick-heat system, automatic
starting sequence device, thermal reactors, and EGR.
This system was essentially the same as that described
in the Aerospace report (2_) with the exception of the
quick-heat system and the automatic start sequence
device. The car and reactor mileage was 13,600 miles.
Car No. 58 - A 1970 Chevrolet Impala with a 350-
CID engine and 4-barrel carburetor. This vehicle was
furnished by Esso Research and Engineering Company
and was equipped with a dual catalyst system consisting
of two GEM Monel NO reduction catalysts and two plati-
num oxidation catalysts. The system used a modified
carburetor to provide constant air-fuel ratio control
but did not incorporate EGR. The car mileage was
17,900 miles and the catalyst mileage was about 1,400
miles.
Fuels
The experimental program called for three different
fuels: (1) a high aromatic fuel, (2) a midrange
aromatic fuel, and (3) a high alkylate fuel. At the
start of the program a high aromatic fuel was blended
to 35 pet aromatic and was designated typical clear I
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(fuel No. 7202). This fuel was used in the first two
vehicles tested (cars 403 and 810). Following testing
of the first two cars, it was decided that the typical
clear (or high aromatic) fuel should be closer to .the
composition that was projected for 1975 by the Bonner
dfld Moore study Q). A second typical clear fuel
designated typical clear II (fuel No. 7221) was obtained
by adding toluene to fuel 7202 to increase the aromatic
content to 40 pet and n-butane to maintain the Reid
vapor pressure (RVP) at about 9 psi. Fuel 7221 was
used as the high aromatic fuel in the last four vehicles
tested (cars 333, 724, 775, and 58). Fuel inspection
data for all the fuels used in the program are given.
in table 1.
V. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
The experimental program consisted of two parts: (1) a -
fuel study to determine the influence of fuel composition
on mass emissions and exhaust hydrocarbon composition, and
(2) a temperature study to determine the effect of ambient
temperature on emission characteristics of the low emission
systems.
In the fuel study all six test vehicles were used and were ..
operated on the high aromatic, midrange aromatic, and high
alkylate fuels. All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient
temperature and three replicate tests were made for each
vehicle and fuel combination.
For the temperature study, three of the six vehicles were
selected and emission tests were made at 25°, 45°, and 95° F
ambient temperature. (The 75° F fuel study data was also
used in the temperature study.) The three vehicles selected
for the temperature study were: Car 403 equipped with a
base-metal catalyst and EGR, car 724 equipped with two
platinum catalysts and EGR, and car 775 equipped with the
Ethyl lean reactor system and EGR.
In the temperature study, car 403 was operated on the high
aromatic, midrange aromatic, and high alkylate fuels. Cars
724 and 775 were operated on the high aromatic and high
alkylate fuels. Three replicate tests were made with each
vehicle, fuel, and temperature combination.
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TABLE 1. - Fuel inspection data
RVP 8.8
Specific gravity 745
API gravity 58.4
Octane number, research
method 91
Distillation, °F
IBP ... 93
10 pet evaporated. 133
50 pet evaporated. 221
90 pet evaporated........... 325
End point 396
Composition, vol pet (FLA)
Aromatics 33
Olefins 9
Paraffins 58
Composition, vol pet (GLC)
Aromatics 35
Olefins 9
Paraffins 56
Typical
clear I
(7202)
Typical
clear II
(7221)
9.1
,755
55.7
93
96
136
224
322
390
39
53
40
7
53
Indolene
clear
(7203)
9.0
.720
65.0
91
92
128
204
302
372
21
10
69
22
11
67
High
alkylate
(7212)
9.1
.704
69.5
94
96
136
213
296
386
8
8
84
10
9
81
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The emissions measured for both the fuel and temperature
studies were: Mass emissions of CO, total hydrocarbons,
NOX, and aldehydes. In addition, the exhaust samples were
chromatographically analyzed for the various hydrocarbons.
VI. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
A. Test Procedures
All vehicle tests were run on a chassis dynamometer with-
the vehicles operated on the 1975 Federal test cycle
and exhaust samples collected using a constant volume
sampling (CVS) system. The vehicles were preconditioned
prior to all tests by operating the vehicle at 50 miles
per hour cruise for 10 minutes at the test temperature
and on the fuel to be used. This preconditioning was
then followed by at least a 12-hour soak at the test
temperature before the start of the test. The fueling
procedure for the vehicles was different for the first
two vehicles tested (cars 403 and 810) than that used
later on in the program. Cars 403 and 810 were fueled
from the vehicle tank and all vehicle tests on each
fuel were conducted before using the next fuel. This
method was abandoned (after testing the first two cars)
because of the mileage accumulation between tests using
different fuels and therefore making it difficult to
differentiate between fuel effects and drift in vehicle
and/or emission control equipment. For example, car
403 was used in both the fuel and temperature studies
which involved a total of 12 tests on each fuel.
Including both the preconditioning and test runs this
could amount to over 200 miles of driving on one fuel
before changing to the next fuel. For car 403, three
replicate emission tests were conducted using fuel 7202
at the end of testing on this car to obtain a measure
of system deterioration. Results of these tests will
be discussed in the experimental results section of this
report. The last four vehicles tested were fueled from
separate cans and the fuels were run in random order
as far as possible. The evaporative emission control
canisters on the last four vehicles, when present, were
disconnected.
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10
B. Exhaust Sampling and Analysis
Exhaust samples were collected in accordance with the
1975 Federal test procedure. All bag samples were
analyzed for CO, carbon dioxide (C02), NOX, and HC.
The analytical methods were: nondispersive infrared
(NDIR) for CO and C025 chemi luminescence for NOX; and
flame ionization detection (FID) for total HC. Hydro-
carbon distributions were determined using a chromato-
graphic system described by Seizinger and Dimitriades
(4^) . In order .to reduce the uncertainty of the
chroma tographic peak identification for the C^-C^
hydrocarbons, a second chromatographic analysis was
performed for each exhaust sample after a portion of
the sample was passed through a palladium sulfate-
sulfuric acid scrubber (5) ±o remove unsaturated
hydrocarbons.
During each vehicle test, a constant flow of diluted
(CVS) exhaust gas was passed through a heated line to
an aldehyde collection train.
Aldehydes were determined for each segment of the 1975
Federal test procedure by the MBTH method ((>). Aldehydes
were also determined (using .a parallel sampling train)
by the DNPH method for two out of the three replicate
tests. !
One sample for the DNPH method (7^ was collected for
each test and data were expressed in terms of the 1972
Federal test procedure.
VII. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
A. Fuel Study
All six vehicles were used .to study the effect of fuel
composition on emissions. Mass emission data for the
six cars are summarized in .table 2 and .plotted in
figures 1 and 2. Data for individual bags and individual
replicate tests are given in Appendix A. The following
discussion will refer to fuel composition in terms of
fuel aromaticity, however, it should be noted that an
increase in fuel aromaticity also corresponds to an
increase in fuel density.
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TABLE 2. - Summary data op :inf luehce of fuel composition on mass
emissions from prototype low emission vehicles I/
11
Fuel
Emissions,
Carbon
monoxide
Hydro- 1
carbon |
grams /mile
Nitrogen
oxides 2/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND
EQUIPPED WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
7.06
8.77
10.6
0.33
.43
.50
1.30
1.25
1.27
0.030
.040
.043
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND
EQUIPPED WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
9.35
6.89
9.03
0.17
.11
.13
0.95
.69
.71
1
0.0094
.0075
.0082
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND
EQUIPPED WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
6.36
6.79
6.56
0.40
.39
.50
2.46
2.24
2.15
0.037
.038
.046
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE 2. - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on mass
emissions from prototype low
emission vehicles I/—Continued
12
Fuel
Emissions
Carbon
monoxide
Hydro-
carbon
grams /mile
Nitrogen
oxides 2/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
6.32
6.06
6.74
:0.72
.79
, .86
2.35
2.01
1.87
0.019
.021
.024
1971..PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND
EQUIPPED WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
5.01
4.28
4.08
•
0.43
.44
.36
"
3.15
2.70
2.64
0.016
.016
.018
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND
EQUIPPED WITH GEM MONEL NOX REDUCTION CATALYSTS
AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)...
2.12
2.59
2.75
0.30
.34
.40
0.45
.49
.55
0.011
.010
.011
I/All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature. Data are
weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure and each
value represents the average of three replicate tests.
2/NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains H20 per Ib of dry air.
-------
12.0
10.0
4.0
2.0
0
Car 58-
1.0
0.9
0.8
l! 0.7
eo
2 0.6
o
3;
S 0.5
o
a:
Q
£ 0.4
j
o 0-3
0.2
0.1
Car 58-
I
\
10 20 30
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
50
I
Car 724-
Car 775 •
I
10 20 30
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
50
FIGURE 1. - The Influence of Fuel Composition on Carbon Monoxide and Total
.Hydrocarbon Emissions from Prototype Low Emission Systems
co
-------
3.2
2.8
2.4
01
e
"5 2.0
S 1.6
x
o
z
8 ll2
o:
H
z 0.8
0.4
Car 333-
Car 403-
Car 58-
Car 775
Car 810
5.0
4.0
3.0
CQ
i:
1.0
Car 333
Car 58
-Car 403
10 20 30
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
40
50
Car 724
10 20 30
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
40
50
FIGURE 2. - The Influence of Fuel Composition on Nitrogen Oxides and
Aldehyde Emissions from Prototype Low Emission Systems
-------
15
Since changes in fuel density can affect carburetor
metering, some of the change in emissions with fuel
composition could possibly be due to variation in air-
fuel ratio because of changing fuel density. This is
particularly true in the case of CO and HC emissions
which are strongly influenced by. air-fuel ratio.
Three of the six vehicles tested showed a trend of
changing CO emission with fuel aromaticity (table 2
and figure 1). The average CO emission for car 403
(base-metal oxidation catalyst and EGR) increased from
7.1 g/mile for a 35 pet aromatic fuel to 10.6 g/mile
for a 10 pet aromatic fuel. This is the order in which
the fuels were run in this vehicle, so some of the
increase in CO could be attributed to system deteri-
oration. To obtain some measure of system deterioration,
three replicate tests were conducted at the end of
testing of car 403 on fuel 7202. The results of the
initial and final tests on fuel 7202 are compared below:
Emissions, g/mile
Exhaust component Initial tests Final tests
Carbon monoxide 7.06 8.63
Hydrocarbon .33 .40
Nitrogen oxides 1.30 1.48
The results indicate that CO and HC emissions had
increased about 20 pet and NOX emission increased
about 14 pet. Since the vehicle had been driven only
about 875 miles between the initial and final tests,
one would not expect significant deterioration of
catalyst performance. Since CO, HC, and NOX emissions
increased with mileage, it appears that deterioration
in .catalyst performance was not the cause of the in-
creased emissions. There was no check made to determine
whether any other part of the system had changed such
as air-fuel ratio, EGR rate, etc. At any rate, these
results suggest that the observed changes in emissions
with fuel composition are probably riot due to fuel
effects alone. For car 775 (Ethyl lean reactor), the
average CO emission decreased from 5.0 g/mile for a
40 pet aromatic fuel to 4.1 g/mile for the 10 pet
aromatic fuel. The average CO emission for car 58
(Esso dual catalyst system) was 2.1 g/mile for the
40 pet aromatic fuel and increased to 2.8 g/mile for
the 10 pet aromatic fuel.
-------
16
Three of the six vehicles tested showed an increase in
HC emission with decreasing fuel aromaticity; the
other three vehicles showed no significant effect of
fuel aromaticity on HC emission (table 2 and figure 1).
Average HC emissions from car 403 (base-metal oxidation
catalysts system) increased from 0.33 to 0.50 g/mile;
HC from car 724 (platinum oxidation catalyst system)
increased from 0.72 to 0.86 g/mile and HC from car 58
(Esso dual catalyst system) increased from 0.30 to
0.40 g/mile when aromatics in the fuel decreased from
40 (35 for car 403) to 10 pet.
Three of the six vehicles tested (cars 333, 724, and
775) showed a trend of decreasing NOX emissions with
decreasing aromatics in the fuel. The decrease in
NO,, emission from these three vehicles was from 13 to
X
20 pet when the fuel aromaticity decreased from 40 to
10 pet (table 2 and figure 2). Car 58 (dual catalyst
system) showed a 22 pet increase in NO emission when
the aromaticity in the fuel decreased from 40 to 10
pet. The other two vehicles showed no consistent trend
in NOX emission with fuel composition.
Aldehyde .emissions (by MBTH method) from the six vehicles
ranged from 0.008 to 0.046 g/mile (table 2). Aldehydes
ranged from 2.6 to 9.7 pet of the total organic emis-
sions. This compares to 5 to 10 pet for conventional
vehicles (8_). Results indicate (table 2 and figure 2)
that aldehyde emission from the base-metal oxidation cata-
lyst system (car 403)increased about 43 pet (from 0.030
to 0.043 g/mile) as fuel aromaticity was decreased from 35
to 10 pet. Aldehyde emission from the two platinum oxi-
dation catalyst systems (cars 333 and 724) increased
about 25 pet when fuel aromaticity decreased from 40
to 10 pet. For the other three vehicles, aldehyde
emission did not change in a consistent trend with
changes in fuel composition.
Data on the influence of fuel composition on exhaust
hydrocarbon distribution are summarized in table 3.
The data for all tests are shown in Appendix B.
-------
TABLE 3. - Summary data on the influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon distribution
in exhaust from prototype low emission vehiclesjV
Fuel
Total
HC- emissions ,
g/mile
HC distribution, wt pet of total HC
Ppraf f ins
Methane
C2-C5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)..
0.33
.43
.50
6.6
11.0
16.0
16.2
16.3
12.9
23.9
24.3
29.4
20.9
20.0
18.0
8.6
8.5
11.2
0.9
1.7
2.3
7.7
6.0
2.9
13.6
8.6
4.0
1.6
3.6
3.3
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)..
0.17
.11
.13
11.3
12.2
22.1
7.6
8.9
6.3
22.9
24.6
24.4
7.4
9.9
10.2
7.9
10.7
12.0
3.1
3.2
2.0
4.5
4.3
1.8
27.5
18.0
8.5
7.8
8.2
12.7
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE 3. - Summary data on the influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon distribution
in exhaust from prototype low emission vehicle \J—Continued
Fuel
Total
HC. emissions ,
g/mile
HC distribution^ wt pet of total HC
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)..
0.40
.39
.50
21.4
26.0
23.3
9.5
11.4
10.2
14.9
19.0
30.1
8.9
10.4
8.6
10.5
12.3
14.5
1.9
1.6
2.9
5.8
3.9
1.5
25.1
12.6
6.2
2.0
2.8
2.7
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)..
0.72
.79
.86
16.7
17.3
22.3
16.9
21.0
16.4
17.8
25.1
28.9
6.0
6.2
6.7
8.1
9.4
11.6
1.9
2.1
2.1
4.2
3.2
1.3
25.7
, 12.3
5.4
2.7
• 3.4
5.3
See footnotes at end of table.
oo
-------
TABLE 3. - Summary data on the influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon distribution
in exhaust from prototype low emission vehicle I/—Continued
Fuel
Total
HC emissions,
g/mile
HC distribution, 25 pet of total HC
Paraffins
Methane
C2-C5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)..
0.43
.44
.36
5.3
4.4
6.7
17.1
23.2
19.9
16.0
22.9
24.0
10.0
10.1
12.2
11.3
14.5
16.7
2.1
2.7
2.4
5.0
.3-5
1.7
23.2
9.9
5.5
10.0 '
8.8
10.9
1970 CHEVROLET.IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NOX REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
0.30
.34
.40
38.3
44.2
51.3
11.6
12.0
11.7
12.9
15.6
16.7
4.6
5.3
4.6
7.2
7.9
7.8
1.0
.9
.9
3.7
2.5
1.1
20.3
9.7
4.9
0.4
1.9
1.0
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature. Data are weighted in accordance with the 1975
Federal test procedure and each value represents the average of three replicate tests.
-------
20
The change in aromatics in the fuel had very little
effect on exhaust hydrocarbon distribution except for
methane and Cj+ aromatics. Ethylene and €3-^5 olefin
emissions showed an increase with respect to decreasing
aromatics in the fuel for some of the cars (figure 3).
€3-05 olefins in the exhaust from the base-metal oxi-
dation catalyst system (car 403) increased from 0.028
to 0.056 g/mile when fuel aromaticity decreased from
40 to 10 pet. For cars 333 and 724 (the two platinum
oxidation systems), aldehyde emissions increased from
0.042 to 0.072 g/mile and 0.058 to 0.100 g/mile,
respectively, as fuel aromaticity decreased from 40
to 10 pet. Results from car 58 (dual catalyst sys-
tem) and cars 810 and 775 (thermal reactor systems')
showed no effect of fuel aromatics on olefin emissions.
All the catalyst cars showed an increase in methane
emission with decreasing fuel aromaticity (figure 4).
Methane from car 403 (base-metal oxidation catalyst
system) increased about 267 pet (0.022 to 0.080 g/mile)
as fuel aromaticity decreased from 35 to 10 pet.
Methane from cars 333 and 724 (platinum oxidation
catalyst systems) increased about 36 pet (0.086 to 0.12
g/mile) and about 59 pet (0.12 to 0.19 g/mile),
respectively, as fuel aromaticity decreased from 40 to
10 pet. Methane from car 58 (dual catalyst system)
increased about 78 pet (0.11 to 0.20 g/mile) as fuel
aromaticity was decreased from 40 to 10 pet. Methane
emission for the two thermal reactor systems was in-
dependent of fuel aromatics.
All six cars showed a decrease in Cy+ aromatic emis-
sion with decreasing aromatics in the fuel (figure 4)
with decreases in Cj+ aromatics ranging from 55 to 80
pet when fuel aromaticity decreased from 40 to 10 pet.
Car 775 (Ethyl lean reactor system) showed the largest
decrease,(in terms of pet decrease) with Cy, aromatics in
the exhaust decreasing from 0.10 g/mile for a 40 pet aromatic
fuel to 0.02 g/mile for a 10 pet aromatic fuel. The
smallest decrease was with car 403 (base metal oxidation
catalyst system) where Cj+ aromatics in the exhaust
decreased from 0.045 to 0.02 g/mile when fuel aromaticity
decreased from 35 to 10 pet.
Total olefin content in terms of weight percent of
total HC ranged from 13 pet for car 58 to 31 pet for
-------
.20
.15
.10
.05
.20
§ -10
.05
Car 403
10
20
30
333
10
20
1 30
40
40
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
.20
.15
.10
.05
50 0
.20
.15
.10
.05 -
50
Car 724
-Car 724
•Car 810
I"
TO . 20 30~
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
FIGURE 3 . - The Influence of Fuel Composition on Ethylene and CU-Cc-
Olefin Emissions from Prototype Low-Emission Systems
ro
-------
.20
a
•^
oo
.15
.10
.05
Car 58
10
20
30
.20
.15
.10
.05
50
-Car 724
.20
3 .15
a
.10
.05
I
Car 333-
10 20 30 40
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
.20
.15
.10
.05
SP
Car 724-
I
10 20 30 40
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
FIGURE 4. - The Influence of Fuel Composition on Methane and C7+ Aromatic
Emissions from Prototype Low-Emission Systems
so
ro
ro
-------
23
car "403 (table 3) which corresponds to a range of
10 to 37 mole pet. This compares with results from
Wigg • (9_) which shows olefins.for conventional vehicles
ranging from 25 to 35 mole pet with fuel aromatics
from 10 to 40 pet.
. - . -f • • •
B. Temperature Study
Three of the six cars were selected for use in the
temperature study: (1) car 403, a base-metal catalyst
with EGR, (2) car 724, a platinum catalyst with EGR,
and (3) car 775, the Ethyl lean reactor system.
Emission tests were conducted at 25°, 45°, and 95° F
ambient temperature, and the 75° F data from the
fuel study was also used.
Results on mass emissions from the temperature study
are summarized in table 4 and the results are shown
in figures 5 and 6 for the high-aromatic and high-
alkylate fuels, respectively. Data for individual
bag samples and individual replicate tests are in
Appendix C. Emissions (figures 5 and 6) of CO, HC,
arid NOX were lowest at 75° F ambient temperature.
The emissions increased when the ambient temperature
was either higher or lower than 75° F. The increase
in CO and HC was much greater when the ambient tempera-
ture was decreased from 75° F than when it was increased
to 95° F. Results for car 724 (figure 5) showed the
largest increase in CO and HC emission (from 6.3 to
66.4 g/mile for CO and 0.72 to 4.2 g/mile for HC) when
the ambient temperature was lowered from 75° to 25° F.
This extremely large increase in CO and HC emissions
with lower temperature for car 724 is primarily due
to an increase in emissions during the cold start
portion of the cycle (see Appendix C, table C-2);
All indications were that the mixture was rich during
the earlier part of the warmup due to the choke action.
That is, the choke stayed on a longer period of time
at the lower temperature. The emissions from this car
at the lower.temperature could probably be reduced
significantly with modifications in the choke system.
'
Car 775 showed a substantial increase in NOX emission
(figures 5 and 6) at the lower temperature. For
example, NO., emission increased from 3.2 to 6.1 g/mile
A •
-------
TABLE 4. - {Summary " <1ata on the influence of ambient temperature on mass emissions from
Fuel
prototype low emission systems
Ambient
temperature,
°F
Emissions
Carbon
monoxide
Hydro-
carbon
I/
grams /mile
Nitrogen
oxides 2/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
13.5
11.2
7.06
12..0
15.8
12.9
8.77
15.1
17.6
11.2
10.6
16.5
0.82
.45
.33
.63
0.62
.44
.43
.52
0.89
.59
.50
.58
1.63
1.72
1.30
1.61 -
1.40
1.50
1.25
1.37
1.43
1.32
1.27
1.26
0.041
.041
.030
.022
0.039
.037
.040
.025
0.037
.038
.043
.021
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM .OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
66.4
38.2
6.32
5.25
67.3
44.4
6.74
8.32
4.23
2.36
.72
.82
4.97
3.31
.86
1.06
2.62
3.12
2.35
2.45
2.07
2.42
1.87
1.91
0.036
.030
.019
.019
0.052
.045
.024
.026
See footnotes at end of table.
ro
-------
TABLE 4. - Summary of data on the influence of ambient temperature on mass emissions from
prototype low emission systems _!/—Continued
Fuel
Ambient
temperature,
°F
Emissions, grams/mile
Carbon
monoxide
Hydro-
carbon
Nitrogen
oxides 2/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
25.1
10.8
5.0.1
4.49
26.0
9.60
4.08
5.21
1.85
.74
.43
•4?
2.15
.77
.36
.63
6.10
5.38
3.15
3.38
4.75
. 4.41
2.64
2.72
0.063
.04:
'.016
.OU
0.054
.050
.018
.019
\J Data are weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure and each value repre-
sents the average of three replicate tests.
2/ For 75° and 95° F ambient temperature tests, NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains
H£0 per Ib of dry air; for 25°
for humidity.
and 45° F ambient temperature tests,
NO data are uncorrected
X
ro
en
-------
70
60
50
« 40
*4
_B
M
. 30
u
20
10
0 20
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
2.0
1.0
0.0 20
40
o Car 403
• Car 724
Car 775
60
40 60
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, "F
80
80
100
100
5.0
4.0
;3.0
2.0
1.0
0 20
70
60
50
J5 40
^ 30
-------
00
o"
70
60
50
30
20
10
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0 20
o Car 403
• Car 724
Car 775
60
80
I
40 60 80
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, "F
100
100
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0 20
70
60
50
£5 40
30
20
10
0 20
40
60
I
80
40 60 80
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, °F
FIGURE 6. - The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Mass Emissions from Prototype
Low-Emission Systems [Vehicles Operated on High Alkylate Fuel (7212)]
100
100
ro
-------
28
when ambient temperature decreased from 75° to 25° F.
This is because the system was designed to have EGR
cut off at the lower temperature. Apparently, the
25° and 45° F ambient temperatures were borderline
cases (i.e., when the EGR cut off was about to take
place) because some tests showed high NOX and others
low NOX (see individual replicate tests, Appendix C,
table C-6).
Aldehyde emissions (figures 5 and 6) for the three cars
increased from 7.5 to 42.5 pet as ambient temperature
was decreased from 95° to 25° F. One exception was
car 403 (for the high alkylate fuel) which showed a
slight decrease (about 14 pet) in aldehydes when
ambient temperature changed from 75° to 25° F.
Results on HC distribution for the temperature study
are summarized in table 5 and the complete set of data
for all tests are in Appendix D. No particular trends
with respect to ambient temperature were noted for the
HC distribution except for car 724 (platinum oxidation
catalyst) and car 775 (lean reactor)'in which the weight
fraction of C2~Cc paraffins appears to decrease with
. decreasing ambient temperature. However, if these
data were expressed as mass emissions it would show
the C2~C^ paraffins at a minimum somewhere in the
range of 45° to 75° F ambient temperature.
C. Comparison of MBTH and DNFH
Methods for Aldehyde Measurement
Aldehyde measurements using the DNPH, method were made
on two out of the three replicate tests for each vehicle,
fuel, and temperature combination. Because of the large
sample required and the time required for sample analysis,
the.samples for the DNPH method were collected and
data were calculated in accordance with the 1972 Federal
test procedure. Results for the MBTH method were also
calculated on the basis of the 1972 Federal test procedure
(by combining results of bags 1 and 2 of the 1975
procedure) for comparison. Comparison data from the
MBTH and DNPH methods are given in Appendix E. The
results from the two methods are shown as a function
of aromatics in the fuel in figure 7. The results
show that the aldehydes, measured by the .DNPH method aver-
aged about 44 pet higher than those measured by the MBTH
-------
TABLE 5. - Summary of data on the influence of ambient temperature on hydrocarbon distribution
in exhaust from prototype low emission system? \J
Fuel
Ambient
temperature,
°F
Total HC
emissions ,
g/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
C2-C5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
.
Indolene clear,
22 percent .
aromatic (7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
0.82
.45
.33
.63
0.62
.44
.43
.52
0.89
.59
.50
.58
6.8
9.4
6.6
5.6
12.6
11.2
11.0
13.9
15.5
14.0
16.0
15.6
12.4
14.5
16.2 .
13.2
13.2
13.7
16.3
18.6
11.7
12.8
12.9
15.4
26.7
21.2
23.9
31.5
22.2
23.7
24.3
27.4
33.1
31.3
29.4
36.3
11.3
20.5
20.9
10.2
18.4
21.5
20.0
13.4
13.2
17.1
18.0
12.8
6.2
8.4
8.6
4.5
10.0
9.6
8.5
7.8
10.0
11.2
11.2
8.7
3.0
1.1
.9
2.4
1.2
2.0
1.7
2.6
2.2
2.7
2.3
3.1
5.2
7.2
7.7
4.7
6.2
6.3
6.0
5.2
2.0
2.3
2.9
2.1
24.9
15.0
13.6
27.1
10.6
8.2
8.6
9.9
3.4
3.7
4.0
5.0
3.5
2.7
1.6
.8
5.6
3.8
3.6
1.2
8.9
4.9
3.3
1.0
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
4.23
2.36
.72
.82
4.97
3.31
.86
1.06
16.1
20.3
16.7
14.4
21.8
24.9
22.3
20.3
6.2
6.2
16.9
20.4
7.2
6.7
16.4
21.7
14.5
11.9
17.8
18.1
27.1
22.2
28.9
30.0
7.0
8.1
6.0
5.5
8.2
9.0
6.7
6.2
6.7
6.2
8.1
9.7
11.1
10.4
11.6
10.3
2.0
1.4
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.7
2.1
2.0
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.4
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.5
32.5
28.1
25.7
23.3
7.1
5.7
5.4
5.4
10.7
. 13.4
2.7
2.3
13.6
17.7
5.3
2.6
See footnotes at end of table.
ro
10
-------
TABLE 5. - Summary of data on the influence of ambient temperature on hydrocarbon distribution
in exhaust from prototype low emission systems I/—Continued
Fuel
Ambient
temperature,
°F
Total HC
emissions ,
g/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
25
45
75
95
25
45
75
95
1.85
.74
.43
.47
2.15
.77
.36
.63
8.5
7.5
5.3
3.5
13.1
9.2
6.7
5.6
8.4
8.6
17.1
25.5
8.0
8.7
19.9
24.0
16.2
13.0
16.0
20.1
33.5
27.6
24.0
33.8
9.5
12.6
10.0
6.7
9.3
14.0
12.2
7.7
9.6
11.0
11.3
11.1
12.7
19.5
16.7
11.3
2.0
1.4
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.3
2.4
3.1
4.7
5.8
5.0
3.7
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.3
30.4
30.0
23.2
19.8
7.1
6.3
5.5
5.7
10.7
10.1
10.0
6.8
12.0
10.4
10.9
7.5
!_/ Data are weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure and each value represents the average
of three replicate tests.
CO
o
-------
31
eo
60
0
80
o 60
IS
0
80
40
20
• DNPH method
o MBTH method
20
30
CAR 333
I I I I I
10 20 '10 I
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
80
60
50 0
80
50 0
CAR 403
10
30
CAR 775
I i I
20
CAK 58
FUEL COMPOSITION, percent aromatic
50
50
~5o
FIGURE ?. - Comparison.of DNPH and MBTH Methods for Measurement of Aldehyde
Emissions Using Fuels of Varied Aromatic Content
(Data are expressed in Terms of the 1972 Federal Test Procedure)
-------
32
method. Since the MBTH method is known to be less sensitive
to aromatic aldehydes than the DNPH' method, the difference
could in part be due to aromatic aldehydes in the exhaust.
This, however, is not clearly known because the actual
aldehyde distribution for the exhaust is unknown.
VIII . COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM THIS PROGRAM
WITH THE RESULTS OF OTHER INVESTIGATIONS
The results of this study showed a trend of increasing C-,+
aromatics in the exhaust with increasing aromatics in the
fuel. This result, in general, is in agreement with that
reported by Wigg (£) . If aromatics are expressed as a
mole fraction of total HC, the Esso RAM reactor vehicle
shows a somewhat stronger fuel effect than the catalyst
equipped vehicles. This was also reported in reference 9.
Results of this study showed a very slight decrease in
€3-05 olefins in the exhaust with increasing fuel aromatics.
Wigg (£) reported that there was no fuel effect on exhaust
olefins. It should be noted that for the two Esso cars
used in this program (RAM reactor and dual catalyst systems)
there was no effect of fuel aromatics on exhaust olefins
which is in agreement with that reported by Wigg (9^) .
Results of a temperature study done by General Motors
Engineering staff ( 10) involving four prototype low-
emission systems showed that CO emissions (expressed in
terms of the 1972 Federal test procedure) were from 4 to
21 g/mile at 75° F ambient temperature and CO emissions
increased by factors of 1.1 to 9.3 as the ambient tempera-
ture was lowered to 25° F. The three cars (cars 403, 724,
and 775) used in the Bureau of Mines study emitted from
7.4 to 10.1 g/mile of CO at 75° F ambient temperature when
expressed in terms of the 1972 Federal test procedure.
Carbon monoxide emissions increased by factors of 2.8,
14.8, and 7.2 for cars 403, 724, and 775, respectively,
when ambient temperature was lowered to 25° F. Hydro-
carbon emission from the four cars in the GM study (10)
ranged from 0.30 to 0.47 g/mile at 75° F ambient tempera-
ture and increased by factors of 1.02 to 4.86 as the ambient
temperature was lowered to 25° F. Results from the
Bureau of Mines study showed that HC emissions were 0.43,
0.81, and 0.63 g/mile in terms of the 1972 Federal test
procedure for cars 403, 724, and 775, respectively, at
-------
33
75° F ambient temperature. The HC values increased by
factors of 3.7, 11.2, and 6.4 for cars 403, 724, and 775,
respectively, as ambient temperature was decreased to 25° F.
The effect of ambient temperature on-CO and HC emissions
for cars 403 and 775 compares reasonably well with the
results of the GM study (10). but the CO and HC emissions
from cars 724 were affected much stronger by ambient
temperature than that of the prototype cars tested in the
GM study (10).
Engelhard Industries (11) reported that with .a vehicle
operating at 30 mph cruise the hydrocarbons are removed
by the PTX platinum catalyst by the following percentages:
Fresh catalyst Aged catalyst
Hydrocarbon (After 500 miles) (After 50.000 miles)
Acetylenes 100.0 100.0
Olefins 99.1 93.7
Aromatics 99.1 93.4
Paraffins:
Methane 11.3 : 9.6
Other paraffins 93.9 36.8
Since only tailpipe emissions were determined in the Bureau
of Mines study, it was impossible to determine the conver-
sion efficiencies of the various emission control systems.
Therefore, a comparison of data between the Engelhard
study and the Bureau of Mines study was not possible.
The amount of methane relative to total HC in the exhaust
from several prototype emission control systems (operating
on a cold-start cycle) have been reported and are listed
below and compared to results of the Bureau of Mines
study.
-------
34
Methane in the
Type of system ; -••.•. • Reference exhaust, mole %
Therma 1'reactor (DuPont) (12) 25.8
GM (2 catalytic cars) (12) 46.9
Wayne State University
(catalytic system)
Universal Oil Products ,
(2 base-metal catalyst (12) 37.8
systems) ' ;
Esso RAM thermal reactor (13) 22.4
Essp. dual catalyst (JJ) 74.5
Car 403 (?base-metal
catalyst) ^^ reP°rt 17'°
Car 810 CEsso RAM This report 30.9
thermal reactor) ^
Car 333 (platinum _. . ' , .
. , !\ This report 51.0
catalyst) r
Car 724 (platinum _, . ...
catalyst) This report 44.1
Car 775 (Ethyl lean
reactor) . r .
Car 58 (Esso dual • -,« 0
.. , • _\ This report 70.3
catalyst) v
The results of the Bureau of Mines' study were computed
using data obtained with the high, aromatic fuels. The
methane results from cars used: in this study are in the
range of those determined by other researchers with the
exception of;cars 403 (base-metal catalyst, system) and
775 (Ethyl lean reactor system).. Methane in the exhaust
from these two systems was lower than that reported for
other systems. The low methane, in; exhaust from the lean
reactor would be predicted:, because of lean air-fuel!
ratio, since it is known that lean, combustion produces
less methane than rich combustion.
-------
35
The only data that is directly comparable to data in this
report are those reported by Esso Research and Engineering
Co. (13) because the same systems were used in both
studies. According to Esso, hydrocarbons in the exhaust
from the RAM thermal reactor was 22.4 mole pet methane
which compares to 30.9 mole pet methane for the Bureau
of Mines'study. The Esso study showed that the exhaust
hydrocarbons from the dual catalyst system was 74.5 mole
pet methane which compares to 70.3 mole pet methane from
the Bureau of Mines'study.
Universal Oil Products Company reported (14) that exhaust
hydrocarbon from an oxidation catalytic converter was
29.5 weight pet methane when the converter was mounted
on a Ford 6-cylinder engine and the exhaust HC was 60.0
weight pet methane when the converter was mounted on a
Ford V-8 engine. Both engines were operated at 30 miles
per hour cruise. The methane in the exhaust from the
six cars tested in the Bureau of Mines' study on the 1975
Federal test procedure ranged from 6.6 to 38.3 weight pet.
Since the cold-start test (1975 Federal test procedure)
yields HC in the first few seconds which has significant
quantities of unburned fuel, one would expect that the
relative amount of methane would be lower for a cold-
start test when compared with a 30 miles per hour cruise
test.
-------
36
. REFERENCES
1. R. J. Lang. A Well-Mixed Thermal Reactor'System for
Automotive Emission Control. SAE Paper No. 710608, June
1971. •-,,.••
2. Aerospace Report No. TOR-0172(2787)-2. Final report "An
Assessment of the Effects of Lead Additives in Gasoline
on Emission Control Systems Which Might Be/Used to Meet
the 1975-76 Motor Vehicle Emission Standards," November
15, 1971. Prepared for Division of Emission Control
Technology Mobile Source Pollution Control Program,
Office of Air Programs, Environmental Protection Agency.
3. Bonner and Moore Associates, Inc. An Economic Analysis
of Proposed Regulations for Removal of Lead Additives
from Gasoline, March 15, 1972.
4. B. Dimitriades and D. E. Seizinger. A Procedure for Routine
Use in Chromatographic Analysis 'of Automotive Hydrocarbon
Emissions. Environmental Sci. & Technol., v. 5, No. 3,
March 1971, pp. 223-229.
5. D. L. Klosterman and J. E. Sigsby. Application of Sub-
tractive Techniques to the Analysis of Automotive Exhaust.
Environmental Sci. & Technol., v. 1, No. 4, April 1967,
pp. 309-314.
6. Coordinating Research Council Inc. Oxygenates in Automotive
Exhaust Gas: Part I. Techniques for Determining Aldehydes
by MBTH Method. New York, N. Y., 1967.
7. Louis J. Papa. Colorimetric Determination of Carbonyl
Compounds in Automotive Exhaust as 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydra-
zones. Environmental Sci. & Technol., v. 3, No. 4, April
1969, pp. 397-398.
8. E. E. Wigg, R. J. Campion, and W. L. Peterson. The Effects
of Fuel Hydrocarbon Composition on Exhaust Hydrocarbon and
Oxygenate Emissions. SAE Paper No. 720251, Jan. 1972.
9. E. E. Wigg. Fuel-Exhaust Compositional Relationships in
Current and Advanced Emission Control Systems. Preprint
No. 62-72, 37th Midyear Meeting of the American Petroleum
Institute's Division of Refining, New York, N.Y., May 11,
1972.
-------
37
10. General Motors Engineering Staff. Report No. 61-214.
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Michigan,
(submitted to EPA for the 1975 Light-Duty Vehicle Emission
Standards Suspension Hearing, Washington, B.C., March 1972.
11. Testimony by Richard C. Galogau, President, Engelhard
Industries, Division Engelhard Minerals and Chemicals
Corporation at the 1975 Light-Duty Vehicle Emission
Standards Suspension Hearing, Washington, D.C., March 1972.
12. J. E. Sigsby, Jr. Private communication within EPA, 1971.
Available upon request from J. E. Sigsby, Research Triangle
Park, N.C.
13. E. E. Wigg. Private communication to EPA, 1972. Available
upon request from E. E. Wigg, Esso Research and Engineering
Co., Linden, N. J., (refers to data generated in a program
reported in API paper, reference 9 above).
14. G. R. Lester. Effect of Catalytic Reactor on Photochemical
Reactivity of Hydrocarbon Emissions. Submitted by Universal
Oil Products Company to EPA at Los Angeles, Calif., Lead
Hearing, May 1972.
-------
38
APPENDIX A -- DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON MASS
EMISSIONS FROM PROTOTYPE LOW EMISSION SYSTEMS
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the fuel study I/
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides?,^
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
l_ Av&. .
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
72.4
89.0
48.9
70.1
4.86
5.52
4.67
5.02
30.8
39.2
23.6
31.2
79.5
103
92.4
91.7
6.36
5.12
5.93
5.80
34.9
43.3
30.1
36.1
93.6
103
91.3
96.0
4.98
3.50
3.55
4.01
63.8
66.3
49.6
59.9
2.29
3.08
2.32
2.56
0.57
.69
.67
.64
1.19
1.29
1.12
1.20
2.63
4.13
4.17
3.64
0.72
.70
.71
.71
1.83
1.52
1.59
1.65
4.14
3.93
4.67
4.25
0.74
.76
.99
.83
1.62
1.96
2.13
1.90
4.52
3.53
4.89
4.31
5.22
4.73
5.41
5.12
4.90
4.06
5.61
4.86
4.91
4.42
4.35
4.56
5.35
4.85
5.06
5.09
3.31
4.90
4.10
4.10
4.29
4.94
3.76
• 4.33
4.90
5.10
4.74
4.91
5.33
5.13
4.16
4.87
0.19
.18
.14
.17
0.086
.11
,071
.089
0.10
.13
.09
.11
0.24
.24
.22
.23
0.12
.13
.095
.12
0.16
.14
.13
.14
0.28
.30
.28
.29
0.13
.10
.14
.12
0.13
.13
.15
.14
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual
replicate tests for the fuel study l./--Continued
39
Fuel
Bag
'number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
.... . , •)}, Aldehydes
Nitrogen oxides^ ^^
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
117
102
104
108
15.0
8.56
7.26
10.3
20.0
23.5
26.8
23.4
51.3
62.2
55.7
56.4
11.1
18.0
16.4
15.2
20.6
23.3
20.7
21.5
122
94.9
104
107
11.1
7.54
10.4
9.68
24.9
20.7
18.6
21.4
1.69
2.99
2.15
2.28
0.09
.03
.06
.06
0.30
.39
.65
.45
0.71
1.48
1.09
1.09
0.08
.09
.04
.07
0.34
.53
.46
.44
2.57
1.05
1.97
1.86
0.01
.02
.03
.02
0.48
.28
.37
.38
5.00
4.76
5.48
5.08
2.56
2.69
2.88
2.71
4.12
4.10
3.49
3.90
4.38
3.92
3.26
3.85
1.87
2.06
1.92
1.95
2.97
2.46
2.53
2.65
4.23
4.03
3.86
4.04
1.99
2.22
2.14
2.12
2.71
2.58
2.61
2.63
0.085
.086
.070
.080
0.020
.0087
.0069
.012
0.033
.048
.049
.043
0.056
.048
.032
.045
0.027
.019
.005
.017
0.048
.039
.026
.038
0.083
.049
.062
.065
0.0078
.015
.016
.013
0.042
.031
.036
.036
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual
replicate tests for the fuel study l/--Continued
40
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions ,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
grams/test
Nitrogen oxides^/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg . .
1
Avg. .
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
52.8
51.6
43.3
49.2
15.9
12.1
12.2
13.4
25.4
21.8
21.8
23.0
49.2
52.1
41.5
47 J 6
14.1
13.0
11.8
13.0
31.2
29.6
31.3
30.7
56.4
78.3
49.6
61.4
13.3
11.0
10.2
11.5
23.2
17.8
18.4
19.8
3.79
3.12
2.67
3.19
1.12
.92
.86
.97
1.22
1.15
1.10
1.16
2.34
2.04
2.46
2.28
0.97
.90
.89
.92
1.56
1.50
2.18
1.75
4.84
3.78
3.37
4.00
1.27
1.16
1.12
1.18
1.70
1.40
1.35
1.48
11.9
12.4
11.0
11.8
7.28
6.27
5.83
6.46
12.0
13.1
11.4
12.2
11.4
11.1
11.4
11.3
5.64
6.03
5.96
5.88
9.12
12.0
10.9
10.7
9.18
9.52
11.9
10.2
5.24
5.36
5.84
5.48
10.2
11.7
11.1
11.0
0.31
.25
.23
.26
0.11
.082
.10
.10
0.12
.12
.12
.12
0.25
-.25
.24
.25
0.10
.11
.10
.10
0.14
.13
.14
.14
0.32
.28
.30
.30
0.13
.11
.13
.12
0.17
.14
.15
.15
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual
replicate tests for the fuel study ^/--Continued
41
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides!/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
70.8
68.8
58.1
65.9
12.0
11.1
6.32
9.81
17.8
13.0
17.9
16.2
72.8
53.7
.' 44.0
56.8
9.57
11.8
11.2
10.9
16.5
17.9
18.7
17.7
65.4
68.5
73.3
69.1
9.40
13.4
12.2
11.7
15.4
19.4
13.8
16.2
5.41
4.50
3.99
4.63
1.52
1.70
1.19
1.47
3.49
2.90
3.66
3.35
: 4.55
4.03
3.76
4.11
1.50
1.64
1.49
1.54
4.71
4.73
4.13
4.52
5.37
4.53
5.44
5.11
1.80
2.07
1.99
1.95
4.30
4.93
2.71
3.98
10.6
9.88
11.1
10.5
6.55
7.39
7.90
7.28
10.0
10.1
10.6
10.2
10.1
9.99
10.2
10.1
5.64
5.96
5.81
5.80
8.37
8.91
8.42
8.57
8.61
10.1
8.53
9.07
5.30
5.57
5.55
5.47
8.23
8.07
8.20
8.17
0.11
.11
.09
.10
0.054
.070
.050
.058
0.071
.085
.066
.074
0.12
.12
.12
.12
0.057
.061
.060
.059
0.070
.072
.074
.072
0.11
.13
.12
.12
0.067
.081
.100
.083
0.084
.092
.084
.087
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual
replicate tests for the fuel study l/--Continued
42
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions ,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
[rams/test
Nitrogen oxides!/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
46.8
43.2
53.0
47.7
8.15
7.73
'6.58
7.49
21.0
14.8
14.4
16.7
32.1
34.6
37.5
34,7
7.76
7.02
6.90
7.23
18.0
18.7
15.4.
17.4
37.6
32.5
34.1
34.7
7.36
6.57
6.57
6.83
18.6
13.8
14.0
15.5
4.11
3.89
5.64
4.55
. 0.17
.15
.15
.16
1.89
2.16
1.74
1.93
2.79
3.78
3.84
3.47
0.11
.14
.11
.12
2.66
3.29
2.69
2.88
3.31
2.84
2.98
3.04
0.13
.10
.11
.11
2.04
3.00
1.78
2.27
14.0
13.1
11.7
13.0
11.0
• 10.1
9.74
10.3
14.8
13.0
13.2
13,7
11.5
10.6
' 12.2
11.5
9.33
8.14
9.17
8.88
12.5
9.30
11.9
11.2
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.4
8.18
7.74
8.23
8.05
10.8
13.0
14.5
12.8
0.19
.18
.19
.19
0.011
.0091
.020
.013
0.049
.057
.041
.049
0.20
.17
.17
.18
0.0090
.010
.010
.010
0.062
.068
.059
.063
0.19
.17
.19
.18
0.021
.011
.030
.021
0.063
.057
.059
.060
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual
replicate tests for the fuel study jL/--Continued
43
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
trams /test
Nitrogen oxides.?/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NOX REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
22.3
28.7
29.6
26.9
2.14
1.85
2.50
2.16
3.77
3.24
4.34
3.78
32.6
43.9
38.5
38.3
0.92
1.68
2.04
1.55
1.63
2.97
2.89
2.50
35.8
38.2
38.9
37.6
2.34
2.27
2.31
2.31
5.32
3.01
2.85
3.73
1.90
3.11
2.21
2.41
0.69
.57
.80
.69
0.89
.84
1.00
.91
2.34
3.29
2.40
2.68
0.83
.77
.94
.85
1.03
1.02
.94
1.00
2.42
2.71
2.83
2.65
1.08
1.17
1.17
1.14
1.29
1.20
1.19
1.23
2.35
2.49
2.98
2.61
1.12
1.41
1.62
1.38
1.24
1.61
1.79
1.55
2.80
2.91
3.03
2.91
1.15
1.42
1.59
1.39
1.49
1.84
1.92
1.75
2.99
2.94
3.05
2.99
2.12
1.55
1.92
1.86
1.82
1.56
1.76
1.71
0.081
.094
.095
.090
0.032
.031
.031
.031
0.025
.022
.016
.021
0.11
.079
.10
.096
0.024
.028
.025
.026
0.021
.013
.011
.015
0.088
.075
.127
.097
0.040
.011
.039
.030
0.028
.012
.023
.021
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
2_/ NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains H90 per Ib of dry air.
*"~~" X ^
-------
TABLE A-2. - Mass emissions far. .individual
tests for the fuel study _!/
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
44
Fuel
Emissions, grams /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides.?,/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg . . .
7.14
8.82
5,22
7.06
8.06
9.89
8.37
8.77
10.9
11.4
9.48
10.6
0,30
.37
.31
.33
0.39
.45
.45
.43
0.46
.48
.56
.50
1.33
1.14
1.43
1.30
1.25
1.27
1.23
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.16
1.27
0.031
.036
.024
.030
0.043
.042
.035
.040
0.043
.040
.046
.043
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810)
WITH ESSO
WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg . . .
10.3
8.79
8.97
9.35
5.99
7.74
6.95
6.89
10.3
8.02
8.77
9.03
0.13
.21
.18
.17
0.08
.14
.10
.11
0.18
.08
.14
.13
0.94
.94
.96
.95
0.73
.69
.64
.69
0.71
.72
.71
.71
0.010
.0097
.0087
.0094
0.010
.0082
.0045
.0075
0.0090
.0071
.0084
.0082
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-2. - Mass .emissions for individual replicate
tests for the fuel study ^/--Continued
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
45
Fuel
Emissions, grains /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides.?/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Avg. . ..
Indolene clear
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg....
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg ....
7.08
6.23
5.76
6.36
7.07
6.97
6.33
6.79
6.77
7.31
5.61
6.56
0.46
.39
.35
.40
.38
.35
.43
.39
0.58
.48
.45
.50
2.56
2.54
2.27
2.46
2.10
2.35
2.28
2.24
2.00
2.15
2.30
2.15
0.041
.034
.036
.037
0.038
.039
.038
.038
0.049
.042
.046
.046
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Avg ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg ....
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg ....
7.01
6.41
5.54
6.32
6.71
6.01
5.45
6.06
6.17
7.19
6.87
6.74
0.78
.70
.67
.72
0.82
.81
.73
.79
0.88
.91
.78
.86
2.24
2.32
2.50
2.35
1.97
2.05
2.00
2.01
1.83
1.93
1.85
1.87
0.019
.022
.017
.019
0.020
.021
.021
.021
0.022
.025
.026
.024
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-2. - Mass.emissions for individual replicate
tests for the fuel study ^/—Continued
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
46
Fuel
Emissions, grams /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides£/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Avg ...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg . . .
5.37
4.64
5.01
5.01
4.25
4.34
4.24
4.28
4.55
3.79
3.90
4.08
0.40
.41
.48
.43
0.38
.49
.44
.44
0.36
.40
.32
.36
3.40
3.09
2.97
3.15
2.86
2.40
2.83
2.70
2.51
2.62
2.79
2.64
0.016
.016
.017
.016
0.018
.016
.015
.016'
0.018
.016
.019
.018
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NOX REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II
40 percent
aromatic
(7,221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Avg . . .
1.85
2.14
2.36
2.12
2.11
2.97
2.70
2.59
2.77
2.72
2.76
2.75
0.27
.32
.31
.30
0.32
.37
.34
.34
0.38
.40
.41
.40
0.38
.45
.52
.45
0.43
.50
.53
.49
0.59
.49
.57
.55
0.011
.011
.011
.011
0.011
.0092
.010
.010
0.012
.0067
.014
.011
l_/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
2/ NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains HO per Ib of dry air.
"^ X 2.
-------
APPENDIX B — DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION
IN EXHAUST FROM PROTOTYPE LOW EMISSION SYSTEMS
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the fuel study I/
47
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
C6+
Olefins
Ethyjene
VC5
V
Aroma ties
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1972
OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR
WITH A BASE-METAL
403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
OXIDATION CATALYST AND ECR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alleviate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg...
2
AVR...
3
AVR...
1
AVR...
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg...
1
AVR...
2
Avft . . .
3
Avg...
2.29
. 3.08
2.32
2.56
0.57
.69
.67
.64
1.19
1.29
1.12
1.20
2.63
4.13
4.17
3.64
0.72
.70
.71
.71
1.83
1.52
1.59
1.65
4.L5
3.93
4.67
4.25
0.74
.76
.99
.83
1.62
1.96
2.13
1.90
8.5
10.5
8.3
9.1
0
1.0
0
.3
7.4
10.6
7.5
8.5
12.0
11.7
15.2
13.0
3.6
5.6
9.9
6.4
11. 0
11.1
11.7
11.3
13.6 .
14. R
17.0
15.1
13.3
15.4
21.5
16.7
16.7
18.7
14.6
16.7
12.4
9.1
11.9
11.1
20.4
15.2
16.1
17.2
25.5
23.7
21.5
23.6
12.8
9.2
9.4
10.5
20.4
17.9
15.6
18.0
25.3
24.9
25.8
25.4
8.1
11.9
11.3
10.4
13.1
14.8
15.1
14.3
14.5
11.3
23,2
16.3
21.8
24.6
21.6
22.7
24.7
31.5
22.2
26.1
23.3
24.2
24.7
24.1
23.3
28.2
23.7
25.1
23.5
20.3
19.7
21.2
25.3
24.8
24.7
24.9
32.2
29.6
28.5
30.1
27.2
21.8
23.3
24.1
32.5
31.8
33.5
32.7
16.8
14.0
17.5
16.'1
31.0
26.3
32.9
30.1
19.3
18.5
20.7
19.5
17.9
13.3
15.2
15.4
30.4
33.7
34.0
32.6
17.9
18.5
18.7
18.4
13.5
16.5
14.7
14.9
28.8
29.4
25.3
27.9
18.5
15.5
14.3
16.1
10.8
9.3
10.6
10.2
6.1
8.4
10.0
8.2
5.8
6.1
6.8
6.2
11.7
9. I
7.8
9.5
6.7
8.9
8.4
8.0
7.0
7.7
7.3
7.3
11. 1
13.8
12.4
12.5
8.5
8.3
9.3
8.7
8.7
15.9
7.6
10.7
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.7
0.2
.5
.2
.3
0.4
.2
.3
.3
2.5
3.3
1.2
2.3
0.9
.8
.8
.8
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.2
3.4
2.8
3.3
3.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.6
6.6
6.0
6.6
6.4
11.4
10.0
10.6
10.7
6.7
6.7
7.7
7.0
5.6
4.6
5.0
5.1
7.7
8.7
9.1
8.5
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.3
4.7
6.8
2.8
4.8
3.3
2.3
2.1
2.6
18.9
19.3
19.1
19.1
6.2
7.1
8.0
7.1
11.6
10.0
10.8
10.8
10.8
13.4
11.8
12.0
6.8
4.1
2.5
4.5
6.5
6.1
4.9
5.8
7.4
4.2
3.6
5.1
3.2
2.4
1.4
2.3
4.2
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.8
5.1
2.8
3.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.4
7.2
10.7
7.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
4.3
7.0
6.4
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
1971 FORU LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND ECR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
AVR ...
2/2
AVR. . .
3
Avg. , .
1
AVR . . .
2/2
Avg ...
3
Avg...
1
Avg. ..
2/2
Avg. ..
3
1.69
2.99
2.15
2.28
.09
.03
.06
.06
.30
.39
.65
.45
.71
1.48
1 09
1.09
.08
.09
.04
.07
.34
.53
.46
.44
2.57
1.05
1.97
1.86
0.01
.02
.03
.02
.48
.28
.37
18.2
8.3
10.5
12.3
-
-
6.2
4.2
10.4
6.9
18.9
9.3
15.8
14.7
-
-
8.2
7.4
8.8
8.1
19.6
31.3
27.7
26.2
-
-
2.0
9.9
13.6
7.0
8.1
8.4
7.8
-
-
7.3
7.2
6.0
6.8
8.6
9.6
8.4
8.9
-
-
8.2
10.1
9.2
9.2
6.7
5.4
5.3
5.8
-
-
8.5
7.4
7.9
1 — Z_.9 —
19.3
24.9
29.9
24.7
-
-
17.6
20.4
14.2
17.4
16.2
37.6
29.0
27.5
-
-
17.1
17.0
22.1
18.7
26.4
21.7
21.6
23.2
-
-
33.0
27.1
25.3
8.0
5.1
5.4
6.2
-
-
12.8
10.4
12.6
11.9
11.7
5.2
7.3
8.1
-
-
14.3
13.6
11.7
13.2
8.5
. 9.4
7.8
8.6
-
-
14.9
17.0
15.3
8.5
8.2
6.8
7.8
-
-
7.6
8.2
7.8
7.9
12.8
7.9
8.9
9.9
-
-
12.4
14.4
10.5
12.4
13.3
10.4
10.3
11.3
-
15.7
15.3
12.8
2.5
4.2
4.1
3.6
-
-
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
5.8
3.8
3.9
-
-
.8
3.1
1.7
1.9
2.6
1.7
1.9
2- _
-
-
2.1
1.4
1.4
1 6
4.7
4.3
3.8
4.3
-
-
6.0
5.9
4.6
5.5
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.0
-
- -
5.3
4.6
4.5
4.8
1.8
1.8
1.3
1.6
-
-
2.0
2.2
1.8..
2 0
22.8
30.3
25.5
26.2
:
-
32.5
34.2
30.5
32.5
17.5
15.5
14.5
15.8
;
24.5
18.7
21.9
21.7
8.5
8.0
6.6
7.7
-
-
12. t
10.5
11. (
11.6
9.0
6.6
5.6
7.1
-
8.9
8.5 -
12.9
10.1
8.2
5.2
8.3
7.2
_
9.2
11.1
9.6
10.0
12.6
10.3
17.5
13.5
-
-
8.9
8.8
10.9
9.5
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
j>rocedu re and tnd i y idua 1 repl 1 cate t: eats tor the fuel st u dy 1/--Continued
48
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
crc5
V
Aromattcs
1 C +
Benzene] 7
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
,WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 'percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
3.79
3.12
2.67
3.19
1.12
.92
.86
.97
1.22
1.15
1.10
1.16
2.34
2.04
2.46
2.28
0.97
.90
.89
.92
1.56
1.50
2.18
1.75
4.84
3.78
3.37
4.00
1.27
1.16
1.12
1.18
1.70
1.40
1.35
1.48
10.4
13.7
13.1
12.4
28.4
35.8
35.7
33.3
21.6
21.9
24.3
22.6
18.4
21.4
15.6
18.5
33.4
37.7
39.6
36.9
24.6
25.3
20.5
23.4
12.1
17.7
14.0
14.6
32.4
41.0
35.6
36.3
21.5
22.0
24,7
22.8
9.2
9.5
10.4
9.7
7.9
9.7
8.3
8.6
9.5
11.4
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.3
11.2
10.6
10.3
12.4
11.8
11.5
10.7
11.8
13.5
12.0
11.9
6.7
9.2
9.3
9.7
10.8
10.7
10.4
12.1
10.5
12.5
11.7
21.0
17.3
18.9
19.1
10.7
10.6
11.1
10.8
12.4
12.8
12.4
12.5
22.4
19.3
22.7
21.4
15.5
15.8
15.4
15.6
18.1
17.5
23.1
19.6
40.1
33.4
35.7
36.4
21.5
20.3
23.2
21.7
30.0
30.9
26.1
8.0
8.7
8.8
8.5
9.2
8.7
8.8
8.9
10.4
9.4
9.5
9.8
10.9
11.8
10.1
10.9
9.5
9.0
8.8
9.1
11.6
12.3
10.1
11.3
7.3
8.5
8.3
8.0
9.2
8.7
8.6
8.9
9.3
8.8
10.4
11.4
10.6
11.9
11.3
10.7
9.2
9.4
9.8
9.7
9.5
10.3
9.8
14.9
14.9
13.5
14.4
14.0
9.8
9.2
11.0
12.2
12.2
9.7
11.4
• 13.7
14.9
15.5
14.7
18.2
12.3
13.4
14.6
13.9
14.2
14.8
29.0 ; 9.5 | 14.3
3.9
2.4
2.7
3.0
0.8
.8
.6
.7
1.00
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.2
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.3
2.1
1.6
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.7
2.2
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.8
1.4
1.7
•5.4
5.7
5.6
5.0
6.8
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.3
5.8
6.2
6.1
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.3
4.0
3.4
2.7
3.4
4.2
3.9
3.8
4.0
1.2
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.3
.9
1 . 1
1.1
1 .5
1.7
1.7
27.6
28.5
25.6
27.2
24.9
19.2
19.8
21.3
27.2
26.4
24.6
26.1
12.9
12.2
17.4
14.2
11.8
10.4
10.6
10.9
13.3
11.7
12.8
12.6
6.5
6.4
8.5
7.1
'•.6
3.7
4.7
4.4
7.3
7.0
6.2
2.6 1.6 ; 6.8
3.1
3.6
3.0
3.2
0.6
.4
.5
.5
1.9
!3
1.7
3.3
4.0
3.4
3.6
0.5
.5
.5
.5
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.1
3.6
6.7
3.5
4.6
0.7
.6
.6
.6
1.6
1.5
1.9
1.7
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-C1D ENCINt AND nji:i!Ti:i>
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND K(!R
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
AVK..
2
Avg..
AVK..
1
AVR..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
AVR. .
2
Avg..
5.41
4.50
3.99
4.63
1.52
1.70
1.19
1.47
3.49
2.90
3.66
3.35
4.55
4.03
3.76
4.11
1.50
1.64
1.49
1.54
4.71
4.73
4.13
4.52
5.37
4.53
5.44
5.11
1.80
2.07
1 99
1.95
4.30
4.93
2.7L-.
13.4
14.5
14.9
14.3
22.1
28.8
29.9
26 .-9
10.9
12.3
10.9
'11.4 -
18.9
18.0
17.4
18.1
28.9
27.9
27.7
28.1
9.4
10. 1
11.4
10.3
21.5
19.4
21.1
20.6
31.0
30. 1
36.4
32.5
12.9
12.5
20.6
9.3
9.5
9.8
9.6
14.3
14.8
14.9
14.7
25.9
28.3
24.8
26.3
11.8
12.1
12.4
12.1
18.1
14.3
16.0
16.1
29.5
29.7
31.0
30.0
9.8
10.8
9.4
10.0
14.9
13.3
14.5
14.2
26. 1
27.5
18.3
1 ^ J •" —
19. 1
17.7
17.7
18.0
15.9
13.9
13.9
14.5
20.4
18.7
20.5
19.9
22.5
23.5
25.2
23.7
19.3
20.7
20.6
20.2
29.8
29.5
27.6
29.0
24.3
28.9
26.3
26.5
25.9
26. J
24.1
25.5
34.6
35.8
32.2
6.8
7.0
7.6
7.1
6.4
6.0
6.1
6.2
5.2
4. 5
't. 5
4.7
8.6
8.5
7.5
8.2
6.8
7. 1
6.4
6.8
4.2
4.3
5.4
4.6
7.3
8.1
8.3
7.9
7.0
7.2
6.6
6.9
5.1
5.0
6.5
J 1
8.1
8.5
fl.7
8.5
7. 7
6.8
fi.R
7.1
8.9
8.0
8.8
8.6
10.9
11.7
10.4
11.0
7.8
11.3
9.5
9.5
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
13.7
15.3
13.2
14.1
11.8
13.1
9.9
11.6
8.8
8.6
11.3
2.5
2.0
1.9
2.1
1.3
1. 1
JLB_
1.1
2.1
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.4
2.3
1.2
1. 1
1.2
1.2
3.0
2.6
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.6
2.9
2.4
2.2
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.3
4.3
4.4
4.7
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.6
3.4
4.2
3.7
3.8
2.3
2.7
2.7
2.6
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.1 '
1.7
L.2
^ 1~~2
32.5
32.6
30.4
31.9
25.4
22.4
71.4
23.0
21.2
21.4
21. 1
21.2
14.9
15.4
14.1
14.8
12.3
11.4
13.2
12.3
11.5
10.3
9.3
10.4
5. 5
6.1
6.6
6.1
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.7
5.8
4.7
5.6
3.3
3.2
4.2
3.6
1.6
1.9
1 ft
1.8
2.0
1.6
3.9
2.5
6.7
4.8
7.1
6.2
2 . 2
2.0
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.6
2.4
2.4
14.5
7.2
11.4
11.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.4
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and Individual replicate tests for the fuel study l/--Contlnued
49
Fuel
Bag
number
Total EC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
C6f
Olefins
Ethylene
C3'C5 IV
Aromatlcs
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND ECK
Typical clear II ,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
clear ,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
3/ 2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
3/ 2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
AVR. .
3/ 2
Avg..
3
Avg..
4.11
3.89
5.64
4.55
0.17
.15
.15
.16
1.89
2.16
1.74
1.93
2.79
3.78
3.84
3.47
0.11
.14
.11
.12
2.66
3.29
2.69
2.88
3.31
2.84
2.98
3.04
0.13
.10
.11
.11
2.04
3.00
1.78
2.27
6.7
6.3
6.1
6.4
0.0
.0
25.6
8.6
4.4
1.9
3.0
3.1
7.4
6.4
6.5
6.8
0.0
6.4
0
2.1
3.0
2.2
2.1
2.4
9..0
9. 7
8.8
9.2
0
29.4
8.1
12.5
5.6
2.4
4.4
4.1
11.1
14.3
12.6
12.7
4.9
8.1
3.0
5.3
24.1
29.4
25.9
26.5
13.8
16.1
14.9
14.9
15.1
4.8
5.1
8.3
34.7
33.1
27.0
31.6
10.1
10.2
12.0
10.7
4.7
4.3
4.8
4.6
28.8
34.7
27.2
30.3
12.1
13.6
19.6
15.1
4.4
10.5
5.9
6.9
15.7
20.2
19.4
18.5
14.8
20.4
21.1
18.7
10.8
12,0
13.4
12.1
24.4
27.4
30.7
27.5
15.7
17.2
17.5
16.8
12.6
6.3
12.6
10.5
26.0
36.9
33.4
32.1
13.0
11.9
8.6
11.2
18.6
13.8
12.9
15.1
9.4
6.1
6.6
7.4
16.7
12.9
12.6
14.1
20.1
18.4
18.7
19.1
6.3
5.7
5.5
5.8
16.8
16.5
16.0
16.4
20.6
15.2
18.8
18.2
10.6
4.5
8.0
7.7
12.2
13.1
10.4
11.9
7.3
10.5
5.5
7.8
11.2
10.6
10.7
10.8
18.9
16.7
17.1
17.6
4.6
4.9
6.6
5.4
13.1
12.6
12.2
12.7
24.0
23.0
23.5
23.5
15.3
3.6
6.1
8.3
12.2
8.8
10.2
10.4
1.5
2.1
3.0
2.2
0.2
.9
.2
.4
1.8
2.5
2.4
2.2
1.7
2.6
2.8
2.4
0.3
.2
.2
.2
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.2
3.0
1.7
1.6
2.1
0.4
.1
.8
.4
2.0
3.7
2.5
2.7
6.2
5.7
4.7
5.5
8.7
6.4
4.4
6.5
4.6
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.2 ,
4.0
3.9
4.0
3.7
2.4
4.3
3.5
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.2
1. 1
'1.7
1 .7
1.4
1.1
1.2
1 .2
25.4
22.0
25.0
24.1
29.2
28. B
18.4
25.5
20.4
20.8
21.9
21.0
9.5
9.8
10.2
9.8
16.1
18.0
20.9
18.3
7.6
8.9
11.8
9.4
5.2
4.9
5.7
5.3
17.0
7.6
17.3
14.0
4.7
4.3
5.8
4.9
11.8
11.0
10.0
10.9
26.7
21.0
24.1
23.9
8.4
5.1
6.4
6.6
13.0
11.1
10.9
11.7
29.3
32.9
30.8
31.0
5.5
4.0
4.1
4.5
13.7
14.6
12.8
13.7
27.2
32.4
29.8
29.8
8.7
3.6
7.3
6.6
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENCINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NO, REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene
c lear ,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
Avg..
1
Avn. .
2
Avg. .
Avg. .
Avg . .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1.90
3.11
2.21
2.41
0.69
.57
.80
.69
0.89
.84
1.00
.91
2.34 4/
3.29
2.40
2.68
0.83 4/
.77
.94
.85
1.03 4/
1.02
.94
.00
2.42
2.71
2.83
2.65
1.08
1.17
.17
.14
.29
.20
.19
.23
28.9
20.0
31.7
26.8 '
51.9
43.5
59.1
51.5
44.7
43.3
42.6
43.5
26.0
31.8
28.9
63.0
61.3
62.1
49.3
51.9
50.6
35.7
37.7
36.2
36.5
59.5
65.0
66.5
63.6
53.0
55.5
56.7
•55.0
10.9
11.5
9.8
10.7
11.0
11.7
10.8
11.2
15.2
13.2
12.8
13.7
12.4
10.2
11.3
11.7
10.7
11.2
16.2
13.4
14.8
9.7
10.6
10.0
.10.1
11.0
11.9
11.5
11.5
14.4
15.9
14.1
14.8
13.6
19.4
13.0
15.3
8.8
10.8
7.4
9.0
12.1
12.6
13.8
12.9
20.3
19.1
19.7
7.9
10.6
9.3
17.3
15.0
16.1
21.4
20.6
22.ii
21.5
12.0
11.4
10.4
11.3
18.5
17.1
18.1
17.9
7.0
6.7
7.5
7.1
2.0
1.9
2.5
2.1
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.0
7.7
9.2
8.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.9
3.1
3.0
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.0
2.5
1.9
2.1
2.2
3.9
2.8
2.6
3.1
7.2
8.1
/.4
7. '
7.0
17.0
7.1
10.4
3.4
3.3
2.9
3.2
10.6
11.1
10.8
8.1
5.5
6.8
3.4
3.7
3.6
11.3
11.2
12.1
11.5
9.4
2.8
5.6
5.9
5.4
3.7
4.0
4.4
1.2
2.2
1.0
1.5
0.3
.4
.3
.3
0.6
.7
.7
.7
1.4
1.3
1.4
.5
.5
.5
.7
.7
.7
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.5
.5
.5
.5
0.9
.9
.9
.9
4.9
4.6
5.2
4.9
2.3
2.8
2.3
2.5
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.9
0.7
.6
.6
.6
1.0
.7
.7
.8
25.3
26.8
23.7
25.3
16.7
11.9
10.5
13.0
17.8
20.3
20.9
19.7
13.1
10.9
12.0
5.1
7.7
6.4
8.2
10.1
9.1
.8.7
6.0
5.4
6.7
4.4
5.9
2.8
4.4
2.9
3.4
2.9
3.1
1.0
.7
.7
.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.1
2.7
3.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.9
2.9
2.8
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-
All teats were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature
2/ The GLC results for car 810 from bag 2 were not reliable because of th
exhaust hydrocarbons and the relatively large contribution of hydrocarbons in
2/ The methane values for car 775 from bag 2 were not reliable because of
of exhaust hydrocarbons and the relatively large contribution of hydrocarbons
4/ The sample for GLC analysis was lost on the first replicate test.
e very low concentration of
the CVS diluent air.
the very low concentration
In the CVS diluent air.
-------
TABLE B-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate
tests for the fuel study !_/
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c -C
L2 L5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
vs
C6+
Aromatics
Benz-ene
V
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.30
.37
.31
.33
0.39
.45
.45
.43
0.46
.48
.56
.50
6.0
8.1
5.7
6.6
9.4
10.3
13.2
11.0
14.4
16.1
17.4
16.0 '
18.4
14.5
15.8
16.2
18.7
15.1
15.1
16.3
10.9
12.3
15.6
12.9
23.0
26.3
22.5
23.9
24.0
25.7
23.1
24.3
31.2
28.5
28.7
29.4
21.2
18.3
22.9
20.9
21.3
18.9
20.1
20.0
18.1
18.8
17.1
18.0
8.1
8.2
9.4
8.6
8.9
8.7
7.8
8.5
9.9
13.3
10.3
11.2
0.8
1.2
.8
.9
1.7
2.2
1.1
1.7
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.3
7.9
7.2
8.1
7.7
6.2
5.7
6.0
6.0
3.3
3.2
2.3
2.9
13.4
13.7
13.6
13.6
8.4
9.5
8.0
8.6
5.6
3.4
2.9
4.0
1.2
2.5
1.2
1.6
1.4
3.9
5.6
3.6
4.2
2.4
3.3
3.3
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.13
.21
.18
.17
.08
.14
.10
.11
.18
.08
.14
.13
15.8
7.7
10.5
11.3
14.8
8.6
13.3
12.2
16.2
25.7
24.9
22.1
7.0
8.0
7.7
7.6
8.4
9.8
8.6
8.9
7.0
5.8
5.9
6.3
19.0
24.2
25.4
22.9
16.6
30.9
26.4
24.6
27.7
23.1
22.3
24.4
8.9
5.9
7.5
7.4
12.8
7.9
8.9
9.9
9.7
11.5
9.2
10.2
8.4
8.2
7.2
7.9
12.5
10.0
9.5
10.7
13.8
11.6
10.8
12.0
2.2
3.8
3.2
3.1
1.6
5.0
3.0
3.2
2.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
4.9
4.6
4.0
4.5
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.3
1.9
2.0
1.4
1.8
24.8
30.8
26.9
27.5
20.1
16.5
17.3
18.0
9.3
8.7
7.5
8.5
9.0
6.8
7.6
7.8
8.6
7.1
8.8
8.2
11.9
10.0
16.2
12.7
See footnote at end of table.
en
o
-------
TABLE B-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate
tests for the fuel study ^/--Continued
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethylene | C3~C5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) AVR...
0.46
.39
.35
.40
0.38
.35
.43
.39
0.58
.48
.45
.50
18.5
22.5
23.1
21.4
25.9
28.3
24.2
26.0
20.2
26.1
23.7
23.3
8.9
10.0
9.6
9,5
10.5
11.5
12.2
11.4
11.3
8.9
10.5
10.2
15.9
14.2
14.8
14.9
18.7
17.5
20.9
19.0
32.4
28.6
29.3
30.1
8.9
8.8
9.0
8.9
10.6
11.0
9.7
10.4
8.3
8.6
8.9
8.6
10.9
9.9
10.7
10.5
13.8
12.3
10.9
12.3
15.0
13.9
14.6
14.5
2.3
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.6
1.3
1.9
1.6
3.0
3.1
2.6
2.9
6.0
5.7
5.8
5.8
4.3
3.9
3.5
3.9
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.5
26.6
25.1
23.5
25.1
12.6
11.4
13.7
12.6
6.2
5.7
6.7
6.2
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.0
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.3
3.6
2.1
2.7
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 Percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.78
.70
.67
.72
0.82
.81
.73
.79
0.88
.91
.78
.86
14.8
18.4
16.8
16.7
17.1
17.2
17.6
17.3
21.0
19.8
26.2
22.3
16.3
17.1
17.3
16.9
21.1
20.5
21.4
21.0
17.3
18.4
13.4
16.4
18.7
16.8
18.0
17.8
24.9
25.4
25.0
25.1
28.6
31.0
27,1
28.9
6.2
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.4
6.6
7.2
6.7
;s.3
7.8
8.3
8.1
9.0
10.0
9.2
9.4
11.3
11.9
11.6
11.6
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.1
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.3
1.9
2.1
4.5
4.2
4.0
4.2
2.9
3.4
3.2
3.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
26.8
25.8
24.3
25.7
12.8
12.1
11.8
12.3
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.4
2.4
2.3
3.5
2.7
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.4
6.6
3.5
5.7
5.3
See footnote at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate
tests for the fuel study l/--Continued
[Data weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.40
.41
,48
.43
0.38
.49
.44
.44
0.36
.40
,32
.36
5.5
4.2
6.1
5.3
4.7
4.2
4.3
4.4
7.1
6.2
6.9
6.7
15.4
20.1
15,9
17.1
25.1
24.4
20.2
23.2
17.8
23.8
18.1
19.9
12.9
16.1
18.9
16.0
19.8
23.7
25.3
22.9
20.0
27.9
24.0
24.0
12.1
.9.6
8.2
10.0
11.3
9.4
9.5
10.1
14.3
9.7
12.7
12.2
11.6
12.0
10.3
11.3
15.2
14.1
14.4
14.5
18.5
14.4
17,1
16.7
1.5
2.2
2.7
2.1
2.1
2.8
3.1
2.7
2.5
2.8
1.9
2.4
5.8
4.8
'4.4
5.0
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
2.0
1.5
1.7
1.7
23.8
21.9
23.9
23.2
8.7
9.7
11.3
9.9
5.5
4.7
.6.3
5.5
11.4
9.1
9,6
10.0
9.6
8.3
8.4
8.8
12.3
9.0
11.3
10.9
1970 CHEVROLET
WITH GEM MONEL NO
IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II, .
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.27
.32
.31
.30
0.32 2/
.37
. .34
.34
0.38
.40
.41
.40
40.8
30.3
43.8
38.3
41.2
47.2
44.2
49.1
52.4
52.3
51.3
12.0
11.9
10.9
11.6
13.0
11.0
12.0
11.4
12.3
11.5
11.7
11.6
16.0
11.3
12.9
16.3
15.0
15.6
17.1
16.2
16.9
16.7
4.2
4.9
4.6
4.6
5.2
5.3
5.3
4.8
4.4
4.6
4.6
6.2
9.2
6.2
7.2
8.4
7.4
7.9
9.1
6.2
7.9
7.8
0.7
1.5
.7
1.0
1.0
0.9
.9
0.9
.9
.9
.9
3.6
3.9
3.7
3.7
•2.5
2.5
2.5
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.1
20.5
21.9
18.5
20.3
9.8
9.6
9.7
5.6
5.4
3.8
4.9
0.4
.4
.3
.4
2.6
1.1
1.9
0.7
1.1
1.1
1.0
JVA11 tests were conducted at 75° F
_2/ The sample for GLC analysis was
ambient temperature.
lost on the first replicate test
en
ro
-------
53
APPENDIX C —DATA-ON THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT .TEMPERATUREf.ON MASS
EMISSIONS FROM PROTOTYPE LOW EMISSION SYSTEMS
TABLE C-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure .and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study -11972 01dsmobia.e;:Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine
and equippe'd with a base metal oxidation catalyst and EGRl
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
218
219
184
207
2.99
3.58
4.43
3.67
19.2
13.0
11.4
14.5
224
274
217
238
4.31
4.58
4.50
4.46
21.2
19.0
19.5
19.9
233
275
265
258
3.29
2.27
2.45
2.67
23.0
25.3
48.0
32.1
10.4
13.4
9.36
11.0
0.73
.84
1.03
.87
0.92
.94
.99
.95
6.09
8.62
5.48
6.73
0.91
.95
1.27
1.04
1.41
1.15
1.06
1.21
8.75
14.0
11.0
11.2
1.11
.84
.87
.94
1.46
1.34
1.77
1.52
5.32
5.56
5.89
5.59
6.05
6.42
6.51
6.33
6.14
6.66
5.63
6.14
5.00
4.93
5.19
5.04
4.60
5.67
5.04
5.10
5.43
5.57
6.01
5.67
4.77
4.48
4.65
4.63
6.23
5.81
4.88
5.64
5.13
4.82
6.21
5.39
0.17
.22
.26
.22
0.096
.13
.19
.14
0.11
.14
.17
.14
0.19
.19
.23
.20
0.12
.14
.13
.13
0.15
.13
.14
.14
0.23
.25
.25
.24
0.14
.10
.065
.10
0.15
.11
.13
.13
-------
54
TABLE C-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine
and equipped with a base metal oxidation catalyst and EGR]--Con.
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
I/ 1
Avg..
11 2
Avg. .
I/ 3
Avg..
1
AV£..
2
Av&. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
182
139
139
176
159
4.11
4.43
4.15
3.99
4.17
26.2
12.9
19.2
21.6
20.0
142
179
201
174
4.55
4.90
4.75
4.73
27.8
35.1
27.8
30.2
186
148
143
159
4.34
3.04
2.45
3.28
24.3
15.1
25.8
21.8
5.56
3.83
4.19
4.88
4.62
0.72
.93
.81
.75
.80
0.95
1.00
1.04
1.16
1.04
3.57
4.52
4.35
4.15
0.83
.84
.86
.84
1.19
1.10
1.22
1.17
5.67
7.19
5.31
6.06
1.17
1.11
.77
1.02
1.49
1.47
1.53
1.50
5.39
5.54
6.03
5.62
5.64
6.45
7.17
7.41
6.37
6.85
5.77
6.32
6.71
6.82
6.40
5.69
5.23
5.06
5.33
5.60
5.94
5.73
5.76
5.22
5.88
5.76
5.62
4.82
4.63
5.08
4.84
5.16
5.22
4.82 '
5.07
4.59
5.07
4.95
4.87
0.15
.21
.22
• .27
.21
0.088
.14
.14
.16
.13
0.11
.14
.15
.20
.15
0.18
.20
.16
.18
0.13
.13
.10
.12
0.15
.16
.11
.14
0.21
.31
.21
.24
0.11
.10
.083
.10
0.13
.15
.12
.13
_1/A fourth replicate test was made at 45° F ambient temperature using fuel 7202
because the sample for GLC analysis was lost on the first replicate test.
-------
55
TABLE C-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975. Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine
and equipped with a base metal oxidation catalyst and EGR]--Con.
Fuel
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Bag
number
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
2
Avg..
3
Avg, .
1
Av£ . .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
Emissions, ^rams/test
Carbon monoxide
75° F AMBIENT
72.4
89.0
48.9
70.1
4.86
5.52
4.67
5.02
30.8
39.2
. 23.6
31.2
79.5
103
92.4
91.7
6.36
5.12
5.93
5.80
34.9
43.3
30.1
36.1
93.6
103
91.3
96.0
4.98
3.50
3.55
4.01
63.8
66.3
49.6
59.9
Hydrocarbon
TEMPERATURE _,
2.29
3.08
2.32
2.56
0.57
.69
.67
.64
1.19
1.29
1.12
1.20
2.63
4.13
, 4.17
3.64
0.72
.70
.71
.71
1.83
1.52
1.59
1.65
4.14
3.93
4.67
4.25
0.74
.76
.99
.83
1.62
1.96
2.13
1.90
2l
Nitrogen oxides—
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
4.52
3.53
4.89
4.31
5.22
4.73
5.41
5.12
4.90
4.06
5.61
4.86
4.91
4.42
' 4.35
4.56
5.35
4.85
5.06
5.09
3.31
4.90
4.10
4.10
4.29
4.94
3.76
4.33
4.90
5.10
4.74
4.91
5.33
5.13
4.16
4.87
0.19
.18
.14
.17
0.086
.11
.071
.089
0.10
.13
.09
.11
0.24
.24
.22
.23
0.12
.13
.095
.12
0.16
.14
.13
.14
0.28
.30
.28
.29
0.13
.10
.14
.12
0.13
.13
.15
.14
— x
data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains HO per Ib of dry air,
-------
TABLE C-l. -
Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine
and equipped with a base metal oxidation catalyst and EGR]--Con.
56
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
2/
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Av£. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
91.4
78.0
85.6
.85.0
6.24
6.79
8.73
7.25
90.2
70.9
83.2
81.4
140
120
98.0
119
7.51
8.05
6.37
7.31
111
100
76.8
• 95.9
109
129
138
125
5.05
5.57
5.20
5.27
92.2
104
145
114
6.85
6.71
6.68
6.75
0.72
.56
.84
.71
2.37
1.66
1.98
2.00
3.56
2.89
5.23
3.89
0.73
.68
.68
.70
2.61
2.97
2.49
2.69
4.45
4.65
5.29
4.80
0.63
.72
.70
.68
2.26
2.58
3.52
2.79
5.96
5.67
5.27
5.63
6.54
6.44
6.65
6.54
5.75
5.52
5.05
5.44
4.81
4.88
4.87
4.85
5.50
5.42
5.81
5.58
4.28
4.52
4.79
4.53
4.75
4.34
4.52
4.54
5.18
5.32
5.06
5.19
4.43
4.12
3.62
4.06
0.18
.13
.14
.15
0.070
.050
.051
.057
0.10
.053
.060
.071
0.19
.15
.19
.18
0.075
.080
.073
.076
0.060
.052
.068
0.060
0.20
.22
.19
.20
0.053
.052
.021
.042
0.059
.054
.027
.047
2/NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains HO per Ib of dry air.
"™ X t.
-------
TABLE C-2. - Mass emissions for Individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with a 351-CID engine and
equipped with platinum oxidation catalyst and EGR]
57
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1,070
1,140
1,100
1,103
12.4
19.6
14.5
15.5
13.3
15.9
13.1
14.1
1,100
1,100
1,150
1,120
13.4
16.4
19.0
16.3
13.0
16.8
15.4
15.1
63.9
65.4
67.6
65.7
2.08
2.36
2.29
2.24
2.14
2.32
2.28
2.25
83.5
71.6
77.8
77.6
2.36
2.52
2.45
2.44
2.42
2.50
. 2.52
2.48
6.78
6.70
7.00
6.83
8.70
8.34
9.80
8.95
13.7
12.7
14.5
13.6
5.46
.5.68
5.61
5.58
7.08
6.82
6.73
6.88
11.1
10.6
11.1
10.9
0.32
.32
.36
.33
0.075
.087
.091
.084
0.071
.078
.079
.076
0.53
.48
.58
.53
0.12
.10
.11
.11
0.095
.093
.096
.095
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
553
681
613
616
16.9
10.7
17.7
15.1
14.8
10.6
11.6
12.3
760
710
721
730
11.0
11.3
14.3
12.2
9.7
13.8
13.1
12.2
34.4
36.9
32.8
34.7
1.84
1.53
1.71
1.69
1.97
1.94
1.90
1.94
49.7
51.0
49.7
50.1
1.93
1.92
1.99
1.95
2.18
2.33
2.36
2.29
11.2
10.6
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.2
9.9
10.4
14.2
14.2
14.4
14.3
7.53
9.06
7.76
8.12
8.24
8.15
7.79
8.06
11.5
11.9
11.2
11.6
0.24
.26
.21
.24
0.078
.078
.074
.077
0.076
.075
.074
.075
0.44
.43
.43
.43
0.098
.092
.10
.097
0.10
.10
.099
.10
-------
TABLE C-2. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with a 351-CID engine and
equipped with platinum oxidation catalyst and EGRl--Continued
58
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxide si/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
75° t AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Av^. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
70.8
68.8
58.1
65.9
12.0
11.1
6.32
9.81
17.8
13.0
17.9
16.2
65.4
68.5
73.3
69.1
9.40
13.4
12.2
11.7
15.4
19.4
13.8
16.2
5.41
4.50
3.99
4.63
1.52
1.70
1.19
1.47
3.49
2.90
3.66
3.35
5.37
4.53
5.44
5.11
1.80
2.07
1.99
1.95
4.30
4.93
2.71
3.98
10.6
9.88
11.1
10.5
6.55
7.39
7.90
7.28
10.0
10.1
10.6
10.2
8.61
10.1
8.53
9.07
5.30
5.57
5.55
5.47
8.23
8.07
8.20
0.11
.11
.09
.10
0.054
.070
.050
.058
0.071
.085
.066
.074
0.11
.13
.12
.12
0.067
.081
.100
.083
0.084
.092
.084
8.17 .087
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
31.5
26.2
25.9
27.9
14.5
14.7
13.0
14.1
26.7
20.6
22.8
23.4
42.3
34.4
31.0
35.9
44.5
30.9
17.2
30.9
34.1
29.0
20.8
30.0
3.58
2.83
2.96
3.12
2.01
1.90
1.85
1.92
5.17
5.19
4.84
5.07
4.34
3.91
3.63
3.96
2.76
2.69
2.39
2.61
6.72
6.55
5.94
6.40
10.3
10.6
11.2
10.7
7.92
8.26
7.66
7.95
9.44
10.6
10.5
10.2
8.72
10.5
9.35
9.52
5.13
5.92
5.84
5.63 '
7.63
8.27
8.18
8.03
0.093
.077
.081
.084
0.074
.065
.059
.066
0.075
.082
.071
.076
0.11
.13
.11
.12
0.086
.084
.080
.083
0.11
.11
.10
.11
1/NC) data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains H00 per Ib of dry air.
^ X £.
-------
TABLE C-3. -
Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [T971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775) with a 360-ClFeng:
and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]
59
Fuel
Bag
number
Carbon monoxide
25° F AMBIENT '
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
AYR. .
1
Avg. .
2
AVR. .
3
AVK. „
326
454
370
384
11.7
11.3
13.1
12.0
17.0
25.0
19.1
20.4
293
506
403
400
11.9
10.7
12.7
11.8
17.0
24.6
16.7
19.4
Emissions, ]
Hydrocarbon
rams /test
Nitrogen oxides
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
'EMPERATURE
31.0
33.7
22.2
29.0
0.92
.89
1.13
.98
0.66
.87
.70
.74
17.4
48.2
36.9
34.2
0.91
.75
1.09
.92
0.70
1.06
.90
.89
21.8
36.1
36.6
31.5
20.3
22.4
22.5
21.8
18.7
18.1
18.0
18.3
35.8
18.0
18.1
24.0
17.3
16.7
16.4
16.8
15.2
14.6
15.1
JL5.0
0.81
.57
.55
.64
0.18
.15
.19
.17
0.046
.042
,050
.046
0.45
.54
.57
.52
0.16
.11
.18
.15
0.051
.044
.073
.056
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
155
132
156
148 -
6.70
6.71
7.75
7.05
21.5
16.0
19.1
18.9
113
112
138
121
6.25
8.70
8.75
7.90
22.8
24.2
17.3
21.4
11.3
10.2
11.5
11.0
0.16
.14
.23
.18
1.06
1.47
.92
1.15
11.2
10.4
10.1
10.6
0.17
.29
.34
.27
2.01
1.89
1.00
1.63
22.7
41.1
44.2
36.0
14.2
14.4
14.3
14.3
15.2
24.2
16.0
18.5
16.8
39.1
38.6
31.5
11.4
12.3
12.6
12.1
12.9
12.5
13.6
13.0
0.48
.51
.57
.52
0.032
.091
.066
.063
0.053
.065
.037
.052
0.51
.71
.53
.58
0.040
.106
.106
.084
0.048
.079
.067
.065
-------
60
TABLE C-3. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for the temperature
study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775) with a 360-CID engine
and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
grams /test
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
46.8
43.2
53.0
47.7
8.15
7.73
6.58
7.49
21.0
14.8
14.4
16.7
37.6
32.5
34.1
34.7
7.36
6.57
6.57
6.83
18.6
13.8
14.0
15.5
4.11
3.89
5.64
4.55
0.17
.15
.15
.16
1.89
2.16
1.74
1.93
3.31
2.84
2.98
3.04
0.13
.10
.11
.11
2.04
3.00
1.78
2.27
14.0
13.1
11.7
13.0
11.0
10.1
9.74
10.3
14.8
13.0
13.2
13.7
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.4
8.18
7.74
8.23
8.05
10.8
13.0
14.5
12.8
0.19
.18
.19
.19
0.011
.0091
.020
.013
0.049
.057
.041
.049
0.19
.17
.19
.18
0.021
.011
.030
.021
0.063
.057
.059
.060
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE,
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Ave. .
3
Avg..
37.2
26.7
29.9
31.3
8.27
9.35
7.90
8.51
18.7
21.8
21.4
20.6
37.0
30.3
38.4
35.2
9.30
7.91
7.80
8.30
22.3
31.0
28.7
27.3
3.83
3.54
2.48
3.28
0.19
.19
.14
.17
4.00
2.73
3.49
3.41
5.17
2.70
3.98
3.95
0.10
.09
.17
.12
4.92
6.00
4.40
5.11
12.3
12.9
12.7
12.6
9.57
9.71
10.1
9.79
15.6
18.6
19.0
17.7
12.3
13.7
9.29
11.8
8.61
9.85
8.16
8.87
16.1
8.60
9.45
11.4
0.12
.10
.11
.11
0.016
.011
.005
.011
0.061
.048
.049
.053
0.174
.115
.155
.148
0.080
.0060
.0070
.031
0.103
.093
.088
.095
i/NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains
per Ib of dry air.
-------
TABLE C-4. - Mass.emissions for individual replicate tests weighted
in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for
the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403)
with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst and EGR]
61
Fuel
Emissions, grams/mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg...
14.4
14.0
12.0
13.5
15.0
17.8
14.5
15.8
15.5
18.0
19.2
17.6
0.76
.95
.75
.82
0.58
.71
.56
.62
0.76
1.02
.88
.89
1.58
1.68
1.63
1.63
1.31
1.46
1.43
1.40
1.49
1.40
1.39
1.43
0.031
.040
.053
.041
0.038
.039
.041
.039
0.043
.036
.033
.037
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
I/
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg...
13.0
9.57
9.97
12.2
11.2
10.9
13.6
14.3
12.9
13.1
10.0
10.5
11.2
0.49
.42
.43
.47
.45
0.41
.45
.46
.44
0.59
.67
.52
.59
1.61
1.75
1.84
1.69
1.72
1.47
1.54
1.49
1.50
1.31
1.35
1.31
1.32
0.028
.042
.043
.052
.041
0.040
.041
.031
.037
0.037
.043
.033
.038
_!/ A fourth replicate test was made at 45° F ambient temperature using fuel
7202 because the sample for GLC analysis was lost on the first replicate test.
-------
62
TABLE C-4. - Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted
in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for
the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403)
with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst and EGR]--Continued .
Fuel
Emissions, grams /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
2 /
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
. Avg . . „
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
7.14
8.82
5.22
7.06
8.06
9.89
8.37
8.77
10.9
11.4.
9.48
10.6
0.30
.37
.31
.33
0.39
,45
.45
.43
0.46
.48
.56
.50
1.33
1.14
1.43
1.30
1.25
1.27
1.23
1.25
1.30
1.35
1.16
1.27
0.031
.036
.024
.030
0.043
.042
.035
.040
0.043
.040
.046
.043
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic .(7202)
Avg t . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
12.9
10.8
12.4
12.0
17.5
15.6
12.3
15.1
13.9
16.0
19.6
16.5
0-67
.58
.65
.63
0.50
.48
.58
.52
0.51
.56
.66
.58
1.65
1.60
1.57
1.61
1.33
1.35
1.42
1.37
1.30
1.27
1.21
1.26
0.027
.018
.020
.022
0.025
.023
.026
.025
0.023
.024
.016
.021
2_/NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains H?0 per Ib of dry air.
~~ X i.
-------
TABLE C-5. - Mass emissions for Individual replicate tests weighted
in accordance with the 1975 .Federal test procedure for
the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with
a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum
oxidation catalyst and EGR]
63
Fuel
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
E rams /mile
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
63.9
69.2
66.0
66.4
65.7
66.8
69.4
67.3
4.10
4.24
4.36
4.23
5.29
4.63
4.98
4.97
2.59
2.46
2.81
2.62
2.10
2.04
2.07
2.07
0.034
.036
.039
.036
0.054
.048
.055
.052
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
35.1
41.2
38.4
38.2
45.8
43.3
44.2
44.4
2.37
2.47
2.25
2.36
3,27
3.36
3.29
3.31
3.20
3.05
3.10
3.12
2.40
2.51
2.34
2.42
0.030
.031
.028
.030
0.046
.044
.046
.045
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
7.01
6.41
. 5.54
6.32
6.17
7.19
6.87
6.74
0.78
.70
.67
.72
0.88
-.91
.78
.86
2.24
2.32
2.50
2.35
1.83
1.93
1.85
1.87
0.019
.022
.017
.019
0.022
.025
.026
.024
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
5.77
5.03
4.96
5.25
11.0
8.31
5.65
8.32
0.87
.81
.78
.82
1.13
1.08
.98
1.06
2.37
2.52
2.46
2.45
1.76
2.02
1.94
1.91
0.021
.019
.018
.019
0.026
.027
.024
.026
I/For 75° and 95C
H?0 per Ib of dry air; for 25
for humidity.
Ftests, NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains
~-o ~_j /.c° ™ ,-„„..„ *i/-> data are not corrected
and 45° F tests, NO.
x
-------
TABLE C-6. -Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted
in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for
the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775)
with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean
reactors and EGR]
64
Fuel
Emissions, grains /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
21.6
29.4
24.4
25.1
19.7
32.3
26.0
26.0
1.95
2.12
1.47
1.85
1.17
2.95
2.33
2.15
5.38
6.44
6.48
6.10
5.52
4.37
4.37
4.75
0.073
.056
.061
.063
0.051
.049
.063
.054
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
11.4
9.67
11.4
10.8
9.03
9.39
10.37
9.60
0.75
.71
.76
.74
0.82
.78
.70
.77
4.35
6.12
5.66
5.38
3.46
4.84
4.92
4.41
0.036
.047
.044
.042
0.038
.061
.050
.050
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg ...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
5.37
4.64
5.01
5.01
4.55
3.79
3.90
4.08
0.40
.41
.48
.43
0.36 .
.40
.32
.36
3.40
3.09
2.97
3.15
2.51
2.62
2.79
2.64
0.016
.016
.017
.016
0.018
.016
.019
.018
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg . . .
4.66
4.43
4.39
4.49
5.06
5.15
5.42
5.21
0.55
.44
.43
.47
0.68
.62
.59
.63
3.17
3.45
3.51
3.38
3.08
2.75
2.34
2.72
0.013
.011
.011
.012
0.028
.014
.016
.019
!_/ For 75° and 95° F tests, NOX data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains
H-O per Ib of dry air; for 25° and 45° F tests, NOX data are not corrected
for humidity.
-------
APPENDIX D -- DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE ON HYDROCARBON
DISTRIBUTION IN EXHAUST FROM PROTOTYPE LOW EMISSION SYSTEMS
TABLE D-l. -Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure and
Individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1972 Oldsmoblle Delta 88 (Car 403) wit
a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base-metal oxidation catalyst and EGRj
65
Fuel
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Bag
number
AvB...
2
Avg...
3
Avg...
1
Avg...
?
Avg...
3
AVR...
1
Avg...
2
AVR. . .
3
Avg . . .
Total HC,
grams/test
10.4
13.4
9.36
Jl.O
.73
.84
1.03
.87
.92
.94
.99
.95
6.09
8.62
5.48
6.73
.91
.95
1.27
.04
.41
.15
.06
-.21
8.75
14.0
11.0
11.2
1.11
.84
.87
.94
1.46
' 1.34
1.77 •
1.52
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
vs
V
25° F AMBIENT TEMPER
8.5
6.0
7.5
7.3
0
8.9
3.8
4.2
6.7
5.4
7.6
6.6
17.2
13.4
15.3
5.9
7.3
6.6
9.5
9.5
9.5
14.8
17.3
14.8
15.6
14.0
12.5
15.4
14.0
16.0
14.2
16.8
15.7
10.9
11.5
11.5
11.3
15.0
14.8
17.6
15.8
14.6
16.9
17.3
16.3
10.4
13.4
11.9
11.9
15.6
13.8
22. 4
15.3
18.9
10.8
9.3
10.4
10:2
16.1
16.5
14.8
15.8
14.9
16.2
15.7
15.6
26.0
30.4
28.5
28.3
21.2
19.8
20.8
20.6
21.8
24.9
20.6
22.4
20.9
24.2
22.6
22.5
20.6
21.7
24.0
22.7
23.5
37.3
32.3
36.2
35.2
26.3
24.8
26.7
25.9
26.6
31.0
30.6
29.4
Olefins .
Ethylene
vs
TURE
6.4
4.7
6.B
6.0
31.8
30.5
29.2
30.5
26.6
24.1
28.9
26.5
10.9
11.1
11.0
32.4
31.7
32.0
26.9
30.1
28.5
10.0
8.2
8.4
8.9
27.2
26.6
25.7
26.5
26.3
22.2
20.2
22.9
6,2
5.4
5.6
5.B
7.9
7.6
6.7
7.4
8.8
8.4
8.6
8.6
8.6
11.2
9.9
14.0
11.8
12.9
3.6
9.3
6.4
10.6
9.4
10.3
10.1
9.8
12.7
10.1
10.9
9.5
9.1
9.5
9.4
C64
2.7
3.3
5.7
3.9
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.0
2.7
2.3
2.3
2.4
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
Aromatics
Benzene T7
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.8
10.8
10.3
10.1
10.4
8.9
9.6
8.4
9.0
4.6
5.6
5.1
8.6
8.4
8.5
7.2
7.2
7.2
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.6
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.2
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.4
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
_!/ I
Avg. . .
V *
Avg. . .
jy 3
Avg. . .
1
Avg . . .
2
AVK . . .
3
AVR...
Avg. . .
2
Avg..
3
Ave. .
5.56
3.83
4.19
4.88
4.62
.72
.93
.81
.75
.80
.95
1.00
1.04
1.16
1.04
3.57
4.52
4. '35
4.15
.83
.84
.86
.84
1.19
1.10
1.22
1.17
5.67
7.19
5.31
6.06
1.17
• 1.11
.77
1.02
1.49
1.47
1.53
1.50 .
10.4
' 14.3
14.1
12.9
2.4
2.3
4.1
2.9
6.1
7.6
8.8
7.5
14.5
14.9
17.4
15.6
3.0
2.6
2.9
2.8
10.4
9.6
9.8
9.9
16.5
11.2
17.0
14.9
10.5
12.0
13.1
11.9 -
13.3
14.2
15.2
14.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.8
17.9
19.5
17.9
18.4
17.1
17.2
18.3
17.5
11.7
10.1
10.9
10.9
16.8
17.1
17.3
17.1
17.0
16.5
16.5
16.7
10.5
10.3
10.3
10.4
18.3
15.6
15.2
16.4
17.1
15.7
16.8
16.5
22.6
19.5
19.7
20.6
21.4
21.6
19.8
20.9
22.8
22.3
23.2
22. B
23.0
25.4
22.0
23.5
23.6
24.5
23.3
23.8
22.5
25.4
24.7
24.2
30.2
41.3
28.4
33.3
26.4
27.3
25.4
26.4
30.7
30.7
30.0
30.5
13.1
15.0
13.4
13.8
32.8
30.1
33.2
32.0
25.6
24.4
24.5
24.8
15.7
12.5
15.4
14.5
33.1
31.4
33.8
32.8
27.1
25.3
25.6
26.0
12.5
9.0
12.7
11.4
25.4
26.8
29.8
27.3
22.4
22.5
21.8
22.2
9.5
8.0
8.2
8.6
8.5
7.4
9.3
8.4
8.4
8.6
7.7
8.2
11.2
9.1
9.7
10. 0
9.5
9,7
9.1
9,4
9.1
8.9
9.1
9.0
12.3
10.7
11.8
11.6
12.1
11.5
9.9
11.1
10.0
10.3
9.3
9.9
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.7
.2
.2
.4
.3
.2
.4
.6
.4
2.7
2.9
2.5
2.7
1.0
.9
1.4
l.l
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
3.3
4.4
2.7
3.5
1.6
1.4
.8
.6
.6
.6
.5
.6
6.1
5.2
5.4
5.6
10.7
9.6
10.0
10.2
8.6
7.8
7.6
8.0
5. 5
4.6
4.8
5.0
9.1
8.7
8.8
8.9
6.8
6.6
6.8
6.7
2.1
1.7
1.9
1 .9
2.9
3.0
3.3
3.1
2.7
' 2.8
2.5
2.7
30.1
30.8
26.1
29.0
13.1
7.9
11.6
10.9
12.4
10.5
8.4
10.4
14.0
15.3
14.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
5.3
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.6
5.8
5.5
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.1
2.7
2.8
Acetylenes
5.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12.1
4.6
8.4
0
0
0
.1
0
0
6.9
14.0
10.0
10.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
21.1
19.0
20.4
20.2
6.1
9.3
5.3
6.9
11.2
11.7
9.1
10.7
10.5
12.1
10.2
10.9
3.9
5.1
3.4
4.1
6^0
6.5
6.1
6.2
5.5
3.9
4.5
2.8
2.4
1,5
2.2
2.2
2.9
2.4
3.3
5.5
5.7
4.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2
.1
5.^
8.4
7.1
6.9
0
0
0
0
0
0.
.2
.1
5.9
11.3
8.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I/ A fourth replicate test was made at 45° F ambient temperature uslnB fuel 7202 because the sample tor
GLC analysis was lost on the first replicate test.
-------
TABLE D-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure and
individual replicate tests for the temperature study 11972 Oldsmobile Delta 88 (Car 403) wtth
a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base-metal oxidation catalyst and ECR1--Continued
66
Fuel
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
c?2'J3)
High alkylote,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
Bag
number
1
AVR...
2
Avg, . ,
3
AYR. . ,
1
AVR. .
2
Ava..
3
Ava, .
1
AVR. . ,
2
AVR ...
3
Ava. . ,
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene
clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
AVR,,
2
AVR..
AVR..
1
AVK. .
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
Total HC,
grams/test
2.29
3.08
2.32
2.56
.57
.69
.67
.64
1.19
1.29
1.12
1.20
2,63
4.13
4.17
3.64
.72
.70
.71
.71
1.83
1.J2
1.59
1.65
4.14
3.93
4.67
4.2J
0.74
.76
.99
.83
1.62
1.96
2.13
1.90
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Parafflna
Meth<»n,e
c2-cs
75" F AMBIENT
8.5
10.5
8.3
9.1
0
1.0
0
.3
7.4
10.6
7.5
8.5
12.0
11.7
15.2
13.0
3.6
5.6
9.9
6.4
11.0
11.1
11;7
11.3
13.6
14.8
17.0
15.1
13.3
15.4
21.5
16.7
16.7
18.7
14.6
16.7
95° F
6.85
6.71
6.68
6.75
.72
.56
.84
.71
2.37
1.66
1.98
2.00
3.56
2.89
5.23
3.89
.73
.68
.68
.70
2.61
2.97
2.49
2.69
4.45
4.65
5.29
4.80
0.63
.72
.70
.68
2.26
2.58
3.52
2.79
2.7
3.1
2.9
0
11.9
5.9
10.5
13.9
12.2
11.6
11.8
6.7
10.0
18.1
19.9
20.5
19.5
16.9
15.6
14.8
15.8
9.0
10.2
9.6
28.1
22.6
25.4
19.1
20.0
19.6
12.4
9.1
11.9
11.1
20.4
15.2
16.1
17.2
25.5
23.7
21.5
23.6
12.8
9.2
9.4
10.5
20.4
17.9
15.6
18.0
25.3
24.9
25.8
25.4
8.1
11.9
11.3
10.4
13.1
14.8
15.1
14.3
14.5
11.3
23.2
16.3
LMBIENT
5.5
6.6
6.1
23.6
19.6
21.6
28.4
27.2
27.8
11.0
11.9
10.6
11.2
19.3
18.7
16.1
18.0
27.2
24.8
29.2
27.1
9.0
9.5
9.3
14.6
19.4
17.0
23.6
23.2
23.4
V
TEMPER
21.8
24.6
21.6
22.7
24.7
31.5
22.2
26.1
23.3
24.2
24.7
24.1
23.3
28.2
23.7
25.1
23.5
20.3
19.7
21.2
25.3
24.8
24.7
24.9
32.2
29.6
28.5
30.1
27.2
21.8
23.3
24.1
32.5
31.8
33.5
32.7
TEMTE
36.2
36.3
36.2
22.4
20.7
21.6
24.4
24.1
24.2
27.0
25.8
36.2
29.7
18.1
19.2
18.3
18.5
25.8
31.6
26.3
27.9
44.7
43.0
43.8
22.1
22.5
22.3
31.8
32.1
31.9
Oleflns
Ethvlene
c3-c5
C6+
ATURE
16.8
14.0
17.5
16.1
31.0
26.3
32.9
30.1
19.3
18.5
20.7
19.5
17.9
13.3
15.2
15.4
30.4
33.7
34.0
32.6
17.9
18.5
18.7
18.4
13.5
16.5
14.7
14.9
28.8
29.4
25.3
27.9
18.' 5
15.5
14.3
16.1
IATURE
5.2
5.3
5.2
29.9
23.7
26.8
14.3
12.6
13.5
15.0
14.7
8.2
12.6
23.8
24.7
24.7
24.4
11.0
8.1
11.1
10.0
9.8
11.2
'0.5
23.1
21.0
22.0
11.5
11. 1
11.3
10.8
9.3
10.6
10.2
6.1
8.4
10.0
8.2
5.8
6.1
6.6
6.2
11.7
9.1
7.8
9.5
6.7
8.9
8.4
8.0
7.0
7.7
7.3
7.3
11.1
13.8
12.4
12.5
8.5
8.3
9.3
8,7
8.7
15.9
7,6
10.7
4.3
4.3
4.3
6.4
2.2
4.3
5.5
5.1
5.3
11.0
12.1
7.7
10.3
7.9
6.3
7.6
7.3
6.0
5.5
6.3
5.9
11.3
10.7
11.0
6:0
6.4
6.2
7.1
6.4
6.8
1.4
2.1
.1.6
1.7
.2
.5
.2
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
2.5
3.3
1.2
2.3
.9
.8
.8
.8
1.3
1. 1
1.3
1.2
3.4
2.8
3.3
3.2
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.6
3.4
3.5
3.5
.3
.4
.4
.3
.6
.5
3.3
3.4
4.2
3.6
.6
.9
.9
.8
2.3
2.7
1.5
2.2
4.8
4.3
4.6
1.0
1.7
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.0
Aromatica
Benzene
6.6
6.0
6.6
6.4
11.4
10.0
10.6
10.7
6.7
6.7
7.7
7.0
5.6
4.6
5.0
5.1
7.7
8.7
9.1
8.5
• 5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
2.7
2.1
2.2
2.3
4.7
6.8
2.8
4.8
3.3
2.3
2.1
2.6
3.8
3.6
3.7
9.7
7.9
8.8
6.3
5.8
6.0
5.3
5.7
3.9
5.0
6.4
6.8
7.4
6.9
4.8
4.5
4.8
4.7
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.2
V
18.9
19.3
19.1
19.1
6.2
7.1
8.0
7.1
11.6
10.0
10.8
10.8
10.8
13.4
11.8
12.0
6.8
4.1
2.5
4.5
6.5
6.1
4.9
5.8
7.4
4.2
3.6
5.1
3.2
2.4
1.4
2.3
4.2
2.8
2.9
2.3
37.6
36.1
36.8
7.7
13.6
10.6
10.3
10.7
10.5
13.1
12.0
19.6
14.9
5.8
3.5
4.4
4.6
6.0
7.2
6.0
6.4
7.2
7.2
2.3
3.7
3.0
2.7
3.0
2.8
Acetylenes
2.8
5.1
2.8
3.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
\3.4
7.2
10.7
7.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8.0
4.3
7.0
6.4
0
0
0
0
0
.1
0
0
1.3
1.2
1.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.6
2.9
2.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.3
2.1
2.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
TABLE D-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with
a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR]
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, wei
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
»ht percent
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg . . .
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg . . .
1
Avg . . .
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg ...
63.9
65.4
67.6
65.7
2.08
2.36
2.29
2.24
2.14
2.32
2.28
2.25
83.5
71.6
77.8
77.6
2.36
2.52
2.45
2.44
2.42
2.50
2.52
2.48
16.2
15.0
15.1
15.4
23.2
25.6
22.9
23.9
17.7
17.2
15.5
16.8
20.8
21.8
19.3
20.6
37.5
34.9
37.3
36.5
22.7
26.6
26.9
25.4
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.6
10.1
10.8
10.5
10.5
12.0
10.9
11.3
11.4
5.9
5.8
8.0
6.6
11.8
10.6
11.1
11.1
13.1
13.7
13.5
13-.4
13.5
13.9
15.5
14.3
18.0
12.6
16.9
15.8
18.6
15.5
19.0
17.7
27.0
25.7
30.0
27.5
21.6
21.5
20.8
21.3
30.2
24.9
25.1
26.7
7.3
7.0
6.8
7.0
5.4
6.5
5.7
5.9
6.8
6.4
6.0
6.4
8.3
8.9
7.8
8.4
7.2
7.1
7.5
7.3
7.4
8.1
8.1
7.9
6.6
6.3
6.8
6.6
8.4
7.9
8.3
8.2
7.9
7.1
7.5
7.5
11.3
11.8
9.9
11.0
10.6
11.0
11.6
11.1
10.9
12.2
12.3
11.8
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.1
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.0
1.7
1.5
2.3
2.0
2.3
2.2
1.6
1.7
1.1
1.5
2.0
1.4
1.4
1.6
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.1
4.5
4.3
4.3
4.4
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
31.4
35.1
32.1
32.9
26.4
28.7
27.1
27.4
28.4
35.8
32.8
32.3
6.7
6.8
7.2
6.9
6.4
10.1
7.0
7.8
9.7
8.9
8.3
9.0
13.3
11.0
11.4
11.9
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
2.4
1.8
1.9
2.0
15.9
15.4
13.5
14.9
1.9
1.7
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.6
-------
TABLE D-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724)' with
a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR]^-Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams /test
Hydrocarbon distribution, wei
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethyl ene
c3-c5
V
ght percent
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg. . .
3
Avg . . .
1
Avg . . .
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg...
34.4
36.9
32.8
34.7
1.84
1.53
1.71
1.69
1.97
1.94
1.90
1.94
49.7
51.0
49.7
50.1
1.93
1.92
1.99
1.95
2.18
2.33
2.36
2.29
21.3
19.2
19.6
20.0
' 28.1
23.7
23.9
25.2
19.1
13.3
17.4
16.6
24.4
24.0
23.9
24.1
37.2
32.7
33.6
34.5
24.5
25.0
23.7
24.4
4.9
5.6
4.8
5.1
11.3
12.1
10.8
11.4
14.7
13.2
13.0
13.6
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.5
13.6
13.1
13.1
13.3
15.2
15.4
15.0
15.2
10.3
12.2
11.5
11.3
11.6
15.3
16.3
14.4
14.8
20.3
16.1
17.1
22.2
20.9
22.7
21.9
20.4
24.6
21.8
22.3
27.3
25.8
27.7
26.9
8.8
8.1
7.9
8.3
7.6
6.6
6.5
6.9
7.7
6.1
7.4
7.1
9.0
9.4
9.3
9.2
7.5
6.8
7.5
7.3
7.9
8.8
8.0
8.2
5.6
6.0
5.6
5.7
7.4
10.1
9.1
8.9
8.2
7.6
7.9
7.9
10.2
10.1
10.3
10.2
11.1
11.3
12 r9
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.1
11.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
.6
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.9
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
1.4
2.0
1.9
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
6.3
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.3
4.3
5..1
4.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.7
27.5
27.5
30.4
28.5
25.2
23.3
24.5
24.3
27.0
31.3
29.4
29.2
5.8
5.2
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.6
5.5
7.1
7.5
8.2
7.6
16.3
15.8
14.7
15.6
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.8
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.2
19.5
21.6
18.9
20.0
1.8
1.7
2.0
1,8
2.5
3.0
2.6
2.7
01
CO
-------
TABLE D-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for_ the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car.724) with
a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weig
Paraffins
Methane
VS
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
ht percent
Aroma tics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
5.41
4.50
3.99
4.63
1.52
1.70
1.19
1.47
3.49
2.90
.3.66
3.35
5.37
4.53
5.44
5.11
1.80
2.07-
1.99
1.95
4.30
4.93
2.71
3.98
13.4
14.5
14.9
14.3
22.1
28.8
29.9
26.9
10.9
12.3
10.9
11.4
21.5.
19.4
21.1
20.6
31.0
30.1
36,4
32.5
12.9
12.5
20.6
15.3
9.3
9.5
9.8
9.6
14.3
14.8
14.9
14.7
25.9
28.3
24.8
26.3
9.8
10.8
.9.4
10.0
14.9
13.3
14.5
14.2
26.1
27.5
18.3
23.9
19.1
17.7
17.7
18.0
15.9
13.9
13.9
14.5
20.4
18.7
20.5
19.9
24.3
28.9
26.3
26.5
25.9
26.3
24.1
25.5
34.6
35.8
32.2
34.2
6.8
7.0
7.6
7.1
6.4
6.0
6.1
6.2
5.2
4.5
4.5
4.7
7.3
8.1
8.3
7.9
7.0
7.2
6.6
6.9
5.1
5.0
6.5
5.5
8.1
8.5
8.7
8.5
7.7
6.8
6.8
7.1
8.9
8.0
8.8
8.6
13.7
15.3
13.2
14.1
11.8
13.1
.9.9
11.6
.8.8
8.6
11.3
9.6
2.5
2.0
1.9
2.1
1.3
1.1
.8
1.1
2.1
2.0
2.5
2.2
2.0
2.6
2.0
2.2
1.7
1.8
1.4
1.6
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.5
5.0
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.3
4.3
4.4
4.7
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.2
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.1 •
1.2
1.2
1.2
32.5
32.6
30.4
31.9
25.4
22.4
21.4
23.0
21.2
21.4
21.1
21.2
5.5
6.1
6.6
6.1
4.8
5.0
4.2
4.7
5.8
4.7
5.6
5.4
3.3
3.2
4.2
3.6
1.6
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.6
3.9
2.5
14.5
7.2
11.4
11.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.7
2.3
2.1
2.4
CTl
UD
-------
TABLE D-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car 724) with
a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg. . .
3
Avg. . .
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg. . .
3
Avg. . .
3.58
2.83
2.96
3.12,
2.01
1.90
1.85
1.92
5.17
5.19
4. 84
5.07
4.34
3.91
3.63
3.96
2.76
2.69
2.39
2.61
6.72
6.55
5.94
6.40
13.2
15.0
15.8
14.7
21.0
22.5
23.8
22.4
8.8
8.7
10.0
9.2
20.0
21.9
19.4
20.4
30.6
32.5
30.7
31.3
12.4
12.3
12.7
12.5
12.3
10.8
12.5
11.9
17.7
16.2
17.3
17.1
25.0
25.6
29.0
26.5
13.0
13.0
12.6
12.9
16.6
17.9
19.6
18.0
27.4
29.0
28.8
28.4
18.2
15.2
15.9
16.4
14.8
11.9
11.7
12.8
23.0
22.8
21.0
22.3
29.1
28.4
29.2
28.9
21.3
21.0
20.1
20.8
38.3
37.8
35.4
37.1
6.8
7.3
7.4
7.2
6.6
6.9
6.6
6.7
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.0
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.4
8.0
7.6
8.0
7.9
4.3
4.0
4.8
4.4
10.0
10.0
9.5
9.8
9.4
8.9
10.3
9.5
9.8
9.3
9.7
9.6
14.1
13.7
13.4
13.7
12.7
11.4
11.7
11.9
7.3
7.2
8.1
7.5
2.2
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.3
.7
.9
1.0
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.5
2.4
1.7
1.2
1.1
1.3
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.4
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.5
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.2
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.1 '
1.1
1.1
1.1
28.8
31.0
28.6
29.4
22.2
25.3
22.4
23.3
21.4
21.6
18.3
20.4
6.7
6.1
7.6
6.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.0
5.1
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.4
- 1.5
2.0
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.1
2.4
2.2
5.5
5.5
6.2
5.7
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.5
-------
TABLE D-3. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature s^tudy [1971 Plymouth Fury III '(Car 775)
with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams /test
Hydrocarbon distribution, wei
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
ght percent
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg...
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg . . .
1
Avg . . .
2
Avg . . .
3
Avg ...
31.0
33.7
22.2
29.0
0.92
.89
1.13
.98
0.66
.87
.70
.74
17.4
48.2
36.9
34.2
0.91
.75
1.09
.92
0.70
1.06
.90
.89
6.9
10.9
9.6
9.1
8.6
1.7
.2
3.5
4.5
3.9
2.6
3.6
15.9
12.1
13.2
13.7
7.6
4.5
5.8
6.0
10.3
11.7
8.4
10.1
9.5
9.7
7.4
8.8
3.2
3.8
5.7
4.2
4.1
3.0
4.4
3.8
7.2
9.3
8.7
8.4
3.1
4.6
4.4
4.0
4.9
8.0
7.1
6.7
19.4
15.2
16.0
16.9
5.8
6.7
13.0
8.5
11.9
9.0
13.8
11.5
28.4
40.0
38.0
35.5
12.7
11.5
10.9
11.7
16.1
22.5
22.5
20.4
7.4
8.0
9.0
8.1
25.2
24.9
21.5
23.8
14.9
12.8
14.6
14.1
10.1
6.0
6.8
7.6
27.9
26.2
28.8
27.7
21.4
16.2
19.3
19.0
9.6
8.9
9.4
9.3
11.6
12.8
16.3
13.6
9.0
7.0
10.3
8.8
16.0
8.7
10.3
11.7
24.6
24.8
27.1
25.5
20.0
15.3
14.8
16.7
2.9
•1.7
1.9
2.2
0.1
.1
1.8
.7
0.6
.2
1.9
.9
2.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
1.3
.4
.5
.7
0.6
1.2
1.9
1.2
4.3
3.6
5.0
4.3
8.1
8.6
7.8
8.2
6.8
6.0
6.9
6.6
1.9
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.4
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.0
2.1
2.4
2.5
33.1
29.1
30.1
30.8
21.6
26.9
22.6
23.7
36.1
47.5
34.0
39.2
7.2
7.0
6.5
6.9
7.4
11.4
7.3
8.7
7.8
9.3
9.9
9.0
6.9
12.9
11.6
10.5
15.8
14.5
11.1
13.8
12. 1
10.6
11.5
11.5
11.0
12.3
12.1
11.8
13.0
13.8
12.5
13.1
15.9
13.7
13.7
14.4
-------
TABLE D-3. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775)
with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
C6f
45° .F AMBIENT TEM
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg. . .
3
Avg. . .
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg. . .
3
Avg. . .
11.3
10.2
11.5
11.0
0.16
.14
.23
.18
1.06
1.47
.92
1.15
11.2
10.4
10.1
10.6
0.17
.29
.34
.27
2.01
1.89
1.00
1.63
8.7
6.9
7.1
7.6
12.8
14.4
8.0
11.7
7.4
5.0
7.0
6.5
7.6
9.8
9.5
9.0
11.2
14.8
13.7
13.2
8.0
9.5
10.2
9.2
7.8
8.9
7.7
8.1
6.0
2.6
5.0
4.5
10.3
16.8
9.3
12.1
8.1
7.8
7.8
7.9
15.6
6.5
4.2
8.8
15.5
13.8
8.6
12.6
12.2
12.1
14.4
12.9
7.2
3.0
8.9
6.4
10.7
20.2
13.3
14.7
33.9
23.8
25.7
27.8
15.9
8.8
18.9
14.5
36.2
31.1
21.5
29.6
Olefins
Ethylene
VC5
C6+
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
PERATURE
12.1
13.3
12.5
12.6
15.2
- 19.4
17.1
17.2
13.6
7.8
12.9
11.4
10.6
16.4
14.6
13.9
13.7
25.2
21.0
20.0
9.6
- 11.8
18.2
13.2
10.4
11.9
12.1
11.5
6.9
4.3
8.8
6.7
9.6
9.0
8.4
9.0
18.6
23.4
22.3
21.4
11.7
11.2
15.2
12.7
10.3
12.4
15.4
12.7
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.4
0.3
.0
.2
.2
1.1
2.3
1.4
1.6
3.4
1.5
2.1
2.3
0.4
.2
.4
.4
2.5
2.0
1.6
2.1
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.1
5.6
5.5
5.6
4.0
5.9
5.2
1.7
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.3
2.3
4.0
2.5
1.5
1.6
2.5
1.9
31.4
31.1
29.5
30.7
19.8
20.7
25.0
21.8
28.0
25.1
29.3
27.5
7.0
5.5
6.0
6.2
7.3
10.5
5.9
7.9
5.5
6.9
8.0
6.8
10.4
8.5
9.1
9.3
26.0
30.5
21.4
26.0
13.7
9.8
12.5
12.0
9.1
9.8
9.9
9.6
22.9
20.5
16.7
20.0
10.9
10.9
14.0
11.9
-------
TABLE D-3. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the'temperature study [1971"Plymouth Fury III (CarN775)
with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, wei
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethyl ene
c3-c5
V
?ht percent
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. .
1/2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
1/2
Avg..
3
Avg..
4.11
3.69
5.64
4.55
0.17
.15
.15
.16
1.89
2.16
1.74
1.93
3.31
2.84
2.98
3.04
0.13
.10
.11
.11
2.04
3.00
.1.78
2.27
6.7
6.3
6.1
6.4
0.0
.0
25.6
8.6
4.4
1.9
3.0
3.1
9.0
9.7
8.8
9.2
0.0
29.4
8.1
12.5
5.6
2.4
4.4
4.1
11.1
14.3
12.6
12.7
4.9
8.1
3.0
5.3
24.1
29.4
25.9
26.5
10.1
10.2
12.0.
10.7
4.7
4.3
4.8
4.6
28.8
34.7
27.2
30.3
12.1
13.6
19.6
15.1
4.4
10.5
5.9
6.9
15.7
20.2
19.4
18.5
15.7
17.2
17.5
16.8
12.6
6.3
12.6
10.5
26.0
36.9
33.4
32.1
13.0
11.9
.8.6
11.2
18.6
13.8
_ 12.9
15.1
9.4
6.1
6.6
7.4
16.8
16.5
16.0
16.4
20.6
15.2
18.8
18.2
10.6
4.5
..8.0
7.7
12.2
13.1
10.4
11.9
7.3
10.5
5.5
7.8
11.2
10.6
10.7
10.8
24.0
23.0
23.5
23.5
15.3
3.6
6.1
8.3
12.2
8.8
10.2
10.4
1.5
2.1
3.0
2.2
0.2
.9
.2
..4
1.8
2.5
2.4
2.2
3.0
1.7
1.6
2.1
0.4
.1
.8
.4
2.Q-
3.7
2.5
2.7
6.2
5.7
4.7
5.5
8.7
6.4
4.4
6.5
4.6
3.4
3.7
3.9
2.5
2.2
2.1
2.3
2.2
1.1
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.2
25.4
22.0
25.0
24.1
29.2
28.8
18.4
25.5
20.4
20.8
21.9
21.0
5.2
4.9
5.7
5.3
17.0
7.6
17.3
14.0
4.7
4.3
5.8
4.9
11.8
11,0
10.0
10.9
26.7
21.0
24.1
23.9
8.4
5.1
6.4
6.6
13.7
14.6
12.8
13.7
27.2
32.4
29.8
29.8
8.7
3.6
7.3
6.6
_l/The GLC results
and the relatively
from bag 2 were not reliable because of the very low concentration of .exhaust hydrocarbons.
large contribution of hydrocarbons in the CVS diluent air.
CO
-------
TABLE D-3. -'Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test procedure
and individual replicate tests for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III (Car 775)
with a 360-CID engine arid equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, wei
Paraffins
Methane
C2-C5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
?ht percent
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212)
1
Avg. .
2
Avg, „
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
3.83
3.54
2.48
3.28
0.19
.19
.14
.17
4.00
2.73
3.49
3.41
5.17
2.70
3.98
3.95
0.10
.09 '
.17
.12
4.92
6.00
4.40
5.11
5.1
3.9
5.5
4.9
0
9.0
0
3.0
2.2
2.9
2.8
2.6
6.6
9.2
8.0
7.9
0
0
5.1
1.7
4.1
4.2
5.4
4.6
16.1
26.1
23.5
21.9
5.9
4.2
4.1
4,8
30.6
27.4
32.0
30.0
15.6
16.7
16.3
16.2
12.1
6.9
8.9
9.3"1
28.2
27.5
32.1
29.3
20.5
22.6
13.6
18.9
9.5
6.8
12.6
9.6
23.2
21.6
21.0
21.9
34.8
24.7
27.9
29.1
25.6
17.9
15.1
19.5
38.4
39.8
30.9
36.3
9.6
6.5
12.1
9.4
17.3
16.4
12.6
15.4
3.6
5.1
4.1
4.3
9.3
12.9
11.0
11.1
13.2
19.5
17.1
16.6
5.1
5.0
6.7
5.6
11.5
11.5
9.2
10.7
9.7
8.2
6.0
8.0
10.5
10.6
9.9
10.3
14.0
14.6
16.0
14.9
18.0
7.9
13.7
13.2
8.6
8.5
10.5
9.2
3.0
3.4
1.7
2.7
0.3
.3
.3
.3
3.5
2.9
2.7
3.1
3.4
2.1
2.8
2.8
0.4
1.5
.5
.8
3.3
3.8
2.7
3.3
5.0
3.8
5.3
4.7
7.1
6.5
4.8
6.1
2.7
3.2
2.8
2.9
1.7
2.0
1.8
1.8
2.9
1.5
1.7
2.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
20.0
14.8
19.2
18.0
28.4
29.8
37.3
31.8
19.9
22.3
19.8
20.7
5.9
4.7
5.9
5.5
6.0
14.4
15.7
12.0
5.9
5.6
4.7
5.4
9.2
7.4
9.9
8.8
21.8
18.8
22.3
21.0
3.8
4.0
4.9
4.2
8.7
13.1
10.3
10.7
21.8
30.4
22.2
24.8
5.4
4.6
5.9
5.3
-------
TABLE D-4. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile
Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst aad EGR]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane C2-C5
C6+
Olef ins
Ethylene
r -r
*•"> L r
j ^
C6+
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202) Avg..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg..
0.76
.95
.75
.82 •
.58
.71
.56
.62
.76
1.02
.88
.89
7.3
6.3
6.8 .
6.8
14.2
11.0
12.6
14.8
16.4
15.2
15.5
11.8
12.3
13.2
12.4
12.1
14.3
13.2
12.4
10.8
11.8
11.7
25.0
28.7
26.3
26.7
21.6
22.9
22.2
33.5
31.4
34.1
33.1
11.5
9.2
13.1
11.3
16.8
20.0
18.4
15.5
11.6
12.5
13.2
6.6
5.9
6.1
6.2
8.9
11.1
10.0
10.3
9.7
10.1
10.0
2.2
2.7
4.1
3.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.2
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.6
6.7
6.2
2.2
1.8
2.1
2.0
26.2
26.6
21.8
24.9
11.0
10.2
10.6
.4
5.0
4.9
3.4
4.0
3.4
3.2
3.5
8.5
2.6
5.6
8.5
11.1
7.2
8.9
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Avg. .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg..
1/0.49
.42
.43
.47
.45
.41
.'45
.46
.44
.59
.67
.52
.59
7.3
10.0
11.0
9.4
10.4
10.9
12.2
11.2
14.3
11.8
15.8
14.0
14.6
14.7
14.2
14.5
14.3
13.0
13.7
13.7
13.8
12.3
12.7
12.8
22.3
20.6
20.4
21.2
23.0
25.2
22.9
23.7
29.3
36.4
28.1
31.3
21.3
20.6
19.7
20.5
•23.0
19.5
22.1
21.5
17.8
15.2
18.2
17.1
9.0
7.9
8.4
8.4
10.3
9.2
9.4
9.6
11.8
10.8
10.9
11.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
2.2
2.7
7.9
6.8
6.8
7.. 2
6.8
6.0
6.2
6.3
2.4
2.2
2.3
2.3
14.8
15.2
15.0
15.0
7.7
9.3
7.6
8.2
3.5
4.4
3.2
3.7
1.7
3.1
3.4
2.7
2.6
4.8
3.9
3.8
4.6
3.6
6.6
4.9
I/ A fourth replicate test
sample GLC analysis was lost
was made at
on the first
45° F ambient temperature using fuel 7202 because the
replicate test.
-------
TABLE D-4. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1972 Oldsmobile
Delta 88 (Car 403) with a 455-CID engine and equipped with a base metal
oxidation catalyst and EGR]--Continued
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
C3-S TV
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202) Avg..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg..
0.30
o37
.31
.33
.39
.45
.45
.43
.46
.48.
.56
.50
6.0
8.1
5.7
6.6
9.4
10.3
13.2
lloO
14.4
16.1
17.4
16.0
18.4
14.5
15.8
16.2
18.7
15.1
15.1
16.3
10.9
12.3
15.6
12.9
23.0
26.3
22.5
23.9
24.0
25.7
23.1
24.3
31.2
28.5
28.7
29.4
21.2
18.3
22.9
20.9
21.3
18.9
20.1
20.0
18.1
18.8
17.1
18.0
8.1
8.2
9.4
8.6
8.9
8.7
7.8
8.5
9.9
13.3
10.3
11.2
0.8
1.2
.8
.9
1.7
2.2
1.1
1.7
2.4
2.0
2.4
2.3
7.9
7.2
8.1
7.7
6.2
5.7
6.0
6.0
3.3
3.2
2.3
2.9
13.4
13.7
13.6
J3.6
8.4
9.5
8.0
8.6
5.6
3.4
2.9
4.0
1.2
2.5
. 1.2
1.6
1.4
3.9
5.6
3.6
4.2
2.4
3.3
3.3
95 F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202) Avg..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203) Avg..
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg..
0.67
.58
.65
.63
.50
.48 •
.58
.52
.51
.56
.66
.58
4.0
7.1
5.6
15.0
15.1
11.5
13.9
15.5
15.7
15.6
12.8
13.6
13.2
19.0
19.2
17.5
18.6
14.8
16.0
15.4
32.1
30.9
31.5
25.0
27.3
30.3
27.4
36.8
35.8
36.3
10.3
10.2
10.2
15.2
13.5
11.8
13.4
12.6
12.9
12.8
4.9
4.1
4.5
8.3
7.9
7.1
7.8
9.0
8.4
8.7
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.0
3.1
4.6
4.9
4.7
5.3
5.4
4.8
5.2
2.1
2.1
2.1
28.0
26.2
27.1
8.8
8.1
12.7
9.9
4.9
5.1
5.0
.9
.7
.8
1.1
.9
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
-------
TABLE D-5.
- .Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino
(Car 724) with a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGR]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Ave...
4.10
4.24
4.36
4.23
5.29
4.63
4.98
4.97
16.8
15.9
15.7
16.1
21.8
22.9
20.8
21.8
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.2
6.5
6.5
8.4
7.2
14.0
13.9
15.7
14.5
26.8
25.3
29.3
27.1
7.1
7.0
6.7
7.0
8.2
8.7
7.8
8.2
6.8
6.4
6.9
6.7
11.3
11.8
10.1
11.1
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.2
1.9
2.2
2.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.3
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.8
31.0
34.7
31.8
32.5
6.8
7.2
7.2
7.1
12.0
9.9
10.3
10.7
14.6
13.9
12.3
13.6
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
2.37
2.47
2.25
2.36
3.27
3.36
3.29
3.31
21.9
19.2
19.9
20.3
25.4
24.7
24.7
24.9
6.2
6.6
6.0
6.2
6.5
6.6
6.9
6.7
10.7
12.9
12.3
11.9
22.4
21.4
22.8
22.2
8.6
7.9
7.7
8.1
8.8
9.2
9.1
9.0
5.9
6.4
6.1
6.2
10.4
10.2
10.5
10.4
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
4.5
4.2
4.4
4.4
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.7
27.2
27.4
29.7
28.1
5.8
5.4
5.9
5.7
13.9
13.8
12.5
13.4
17.2
19.1
16.7
17.7 ••"
-------
TABLE D-5. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1972 Ford Torino (Car
724) with a 351-CID engine and equipped with platinum oxidation catalysts and EGRl--Con.
Fuel
Total HC,
grains /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
C2-C5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
C3-C5
C6+
Aroraatics
Benzene
CT*
Acetylenes
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) AVR...
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) AVR...
0.78
.70
.67
.72
0.88
.91
.78
.86
14.8.
18.4
16.8
16.7'
21.0
19.8
26.2
22.3
16.3
17.1
17.3
16.9
17.3
18.4
13.4
16.4
18.7
16.8
18.0
17.8
28.6
31.0
27,1
28.9
6.2
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.4.
6.6
7.2
6.7
8.3
7.8
8.3
8.1
11.3
11.9
11.6
11.6
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.3
•1.9
2.1
4.5
4.2
4.0
4.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
26.8
25.8
24.3
25.7
5.4
5.2
5.5
5.4
2.4
2.3
3.5
2.7
6.6
3.5
5.. 7
5.3
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) AVR...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) AVR...
0.87
.81
.78
.82
1.13
1.08
.98
1.06
13.6
14.1
15.5
14.4
20.0
21.0
20.0
20.3
19.7
19.8
21.8
20.4
20.7
22.0
22.3
21.7
19.3
17.9
17.0
18.1
30.7
30.3
29.1
30.0
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.5
6.2
5.9
6.4
6.2
9.7
9.3
9.9
9.7
10.6
9.9
10.4
10.3
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.9
2.0
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.4
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.5
23.4
24.7
21.9
23.3
5.4
5.2
5.6
5.4
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.8
2.6
oo
-------
TABLE D-6. -
Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III
(Car 775) with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethyl lean reactors and EGR]
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethyl ene
c3-c5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
25° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) AVR...
High alky late,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) AYR...
1.95
2.12
1.47
1.85
1.17
2.95
2.33
2.15
7.0
10.2
8.4
8.5
14.8
11.9
12.6
13.1
8.9
9.2
7.2
8.4
6.6
9.1
8.4
8.0
18.4
14.5
15.6
16.2
26.3
38.5
35.8
33.5
8.8
9.1
10.5
9.5
12.4
7.0
8.6
9.3
9.7
9.1
10.1
9.6
17.1
9.4
11.5
12.7
2.6
1.5
1.9
2.0
2.1
3.1
2.8
2.7
4.6
4.0
5.3
4.7
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.6
32.4
29.5
29.4
30.4
7.3
7.2
6.7
7.1
7.6
12.9
11.6
10.7
11.4
12.4
12.1
12.0
45° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212). Avg...
0.75
.71
.76
.74
0.82
.78
.70
.77
8.7
6.8
7.1
7.5
7.7
10.0
9.8
9.2
8.0
9.9
7.8
8.6
9.7
8.8
7.6
8.7
11.9
13.1
14.1
13.0
33.8
24.4
24.8
27.6
12.3
12.6
12.7
12.6
10.5
16.0
15.4
14.0
10.2
11.3
11.6
11.0
16.9
20.7
21.1
19.5
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.4
3.2
1.6
2.0
2.3
5.8
5.7
6.0
5.8
1.7
2.0
2.3
2.0
30.7
29.9
29.3
30.0
6.7
6.0
6.2
6.3
11.2
9.3
9.9
10.1
9.8
10.5
10.8
10.4
10
-------
TABLE D-6. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for the temperature study [1971 Plymouth Fury III
(Car 775) with a 360-CID engine and equipped with the Ethy] leaa reactors and EGR]--Con.
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
c2-c5
C6+
Olefins
Ethylene
C3-C5
C6+
Aromatics
Benzene
75° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) AVR...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.40
.41
.48
.43
0.36
.40
.32
.36
5.5
4.2
6.1
5.3
7.1
6.2
6.9
6.7
15.4
20.1
15.9
17.1
17.8
23.8
18.1
19.9
12.9
16.1
18.9
16.0
20.0
27.9
-2^Q_H
24.0
12.1
9.6
8.2
10.0
14.3
9.7
12.7
12.2
11.6
12.0
10.3
11.3
18.5
14.4
17.1
16.7
1.5
2.2
2.7
2,1
2.5
2.8
-U9^
2.4
5.8
4.8
4.4
5.0
2.0
1.5
1 .7
1.7
C?+
23.8
21.9
23.9
23.2
5.5
4.7
6.3
5.5
Acetylenes
11.4
9.1
9.6
10.0
12.3
9.0
11.3
10.9
95° F AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221) AVR...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic
(7212) Avg...
0.55
.44
.43
.47
0.68
.62
.59
.63
3.3
3.8
3.5
3.5
5.1
5.3
6.4
5.6
23.7
25.4
27.3
25.5
22.4
.24.5
25.1
24.0
21.5
21.2
17.7
20.1
36.6
35.6
29.1
.33.8
6.6
6.4
7.0
6.7
7.1
7.3
8.8
7.7
10.8
10.9
11.6
11.1
11.1
10.0
12.8
11.3
3.2
3.0
2.3
2.8
3.3
3.3
2.6
3.1
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.3
20.3
19.2
19.9
19.8
: 5.9
5.5
5.6
5,7
6.8
6.4
7.1
6,8
7.2
7.2
8.2
7.5
CO
o
-------
81
APPENDIX E -- DATA ON THE COMPARISON OF MBTH. AND DNPH METHODS FOR ALDEHYDE
MEASUREMENTS (DATA ARE EXPRESSED AS GRAMS/MILE ON THE BASIS
OF THE 1972 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE)
Fuel
25
MBTH
1972 OLDSMOBILE
F
| DNPH
45
MBTH
DELTA 88 (CAR 403)
Ambient
° f
J DNPH
WITH A
temperature
75° f
MBTH |
455-CID ENGINE
DNPH
95° F
MBTH |
AND EQUIPPED
DNPH
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND ECR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
AVR...
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
. AVR..J,
High alkylate.
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg...
0.047
.060
.054
0.041
.044
.048
.044
0.049
.047
.042
.046
0.052
.063
.058
0.053
.059
.062
4058
0.052
.057
.054
.054
0.031
.048
.057
.045
0.043
.044
.044
0.044
.055
.050
0.058
.052
.059
.056
0.052
.062
,057
0.052
.057
.054
0.037
.028
.032
0.049
.042
.046
0.054
.056
.055
0.039
.040
.040
0.063
.058
.060
0.057
.057
.057 •
0.034
.026
.030
0.035
.031
.033
0.034
.028
.031
0.037
.040
.038
0.043
.047
.045
0.054
.045
.050
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND i'
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
Avg...
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg...
• 0.014
.013
.016
0.011
.005
.008
0.012
.008
.010
0.024
.024
.024
0.013
.012
.012
0.018
.019
.018
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGRj./
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg. . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Av«. . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg. . .
0.056
.046
.050
0.047
.048
.0/.8
0.060
..052
.058
.057
0.078
.058
.068
0.060
.066
.063
0.078
.064
.078
.073
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
60 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Av«...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
AvCiif
0.052
.055
.054
0.087
.078
.082
0.071
.074
.072
0.112
.099
.106
0.045
.045
0.072
.065
.070
0.056
.056
0.081
.094
.088
0.021
.024
.022
0.023
.025
.026
0.024
.028
.026
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Ava...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVK . . .
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
0.131
.099
.115
0.081
.086
.084
0.183
.130
.156
0.116
.109
.112
0.068
. .081
.074
0.076
.109
.092
0.092
.113
.102
0.089
'.143
.116
0.026
.026
,026
0.028
.024
.026
0.028
.025
.026
0.039
.032
.035
0.034
.036
.035
0.036
.041
.038
0.022
.019
.020
0.026
.029
.028
0.031
.034
.032
0.035
.037
.036
AND EQUIPPED
0.040
.040
.040
0.035
.038
.036
0.046
.042
.044
0.017
.014
.016
0.034
.016
.025
0.019
.029
.024
0.038
.036
.037
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAP 58) WITH
A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS I/
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg. ..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR...
High alkylate,
10 percent
aromatic (7212)
Avg. . .
0.017
.015
.016
0.014
.018
.016
0.012
.017
.014
0.022
.021
.022
0.023
.021
.022
0.017
.026
.022
I/ Car Nos. 810, 333, and 58 wore used in the fuel study only and data were taken at 75° F ambient
temperature only.
------- |