APTD-1568B
ALDEHYDE AND
REACTIVE ORGANIC
EMISSIONS FROM
MOTOR VEHICLES
Part II
Characterization of
Emissions from 1970
through 1973
Model Vehicles
Final Report
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water Programs
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Emission Control Technology Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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APTD-1568b
zation ot Emissions from
Final Report
Prepared by
U. S. Bureau of Mines
Bartlesville Hnergy Research Center
Fuels Combustion Research Group
Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Interagency Agreement Number MSPCP-IAG-001
EPA Project Officer: Dr. Joseph H. Somers
Prepared for
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Air and Water Programs
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control
Emission Control Technology Division
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
March 1973
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The APTD (Air Pollution Technical Data) series of reports is issued by
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Office of Air and
Water Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, to report technical
data of interest to a limited number of readers. Copies of APTD reports
are available free of charge to Federal employees, current contractors
and grantees, and non-profit organizations - as supplies permit - from
the Air Pollution Technical Information Center, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 or may be
obtained, for a nominal cost, from the National Technical Information
Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Protection Agency by
U. S. Bureau of Mines, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, in fulfillment of Intera-
gency Agreement Number MSPCP-IAG-001. The contents of this report are
reproduced herein as received from the contractor. The opinions, findings,
and conclusions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily
those of the Environmental Protection Agency. Mention of company or
product names is not to be considered as an endorsement by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
Publication No. APTD-1568b
11
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FOREWORD
This report presents a summary of work performed by the Fuels Com-
bustion Research Group, Bartlesville Energy Research Center, Bureau
of Mines, for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of
Air and Water Programs, Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control,
Emission Control Technology Division, Emission Characterization and
Control Development Branch under Interagency agreement number MSPCP-
IAG-001. This work was an extension of a program which was done under
Interagency Agreement EPA-IAG-0188(D) (part I of this report).
The program at Bartlesville was directed by R. W. Hum, Research
Supervisor; Dr. R. D. Fleming, Project Leader was responsible for the
experimental work. Others who contributed to the experimental work
were: R. D. Lawrence, Mechanical Engineer; T. R. French, Research
Chemist; and R. D. Tate, J. L. Bennett, Jr., and D. R. Thompson as
Mechanical Engineering Technicians. C. J. Raible, Research Physicist;
Sammy Montee, Physical Sciences Aide; and L. E. Nichols, Jr., Mechani-
cal Engineering Technician, assisted in the chromatographic analysis
of hydrocarbons. J. M. Clingenpeel, Chemical Engineer; Carol Wilson,
Research Chemist; and R. F. Stevens, Mechanical Engineering Technician,
assisted in aldehyde measurements. Harrison W. Sigworth, Jr., was
the Project Officer for EPA.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD ...... ...... . ..... . . . . . . ... . .111
LIST OF TABLES .......... ....... ...... . .Vii
SUBJECT ....... ........ ... . . ..... . . .. . 1
OBJECTIVE ..... ...... ...... ........ . . ' 1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . 1
DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLES AND FUELS ........ ........ 2
Vehicles ....... ....... ...... ..... 2
Fuels ...... ......... ........ . . 1 . ?.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM ..... ....... 4
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES ........ .... ....... . *
Test Procedures, Exhaust Sampling, and Analysis ...... *
Calculating Hydrocarbon Reactivity ............ *
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ... .................. . 5
Mass Emissions ............. ......... >
Hydrocarbon Distribution ......... ... ..... »
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Reactivity .............. °
REFERENCES ....................... .... 16
APPENDIX A. - Data on the influence of fuel composition on
mass emissions from 1970 through 1973 vehicles . ....... 1'
APPENDIX B. - Data on the influence of fuel composition on
hydrocarbon distribution in exhaust from 1970-1973 vehicles
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
APPENDIX C. - Data on the influence of fuel composition on
exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for 1970-1973 vehicles .... 31
APPENDIX D. - Data on the influence of fuel composition on
exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for prototype low-emission
systems 37
APPENDIX E. - Data on the comparison of MBTH and DNPH methods
for aldehyde measurements (data are expressed as. g/mile on
the basis of the 1972 Federal test procedure) 41
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LIST OF TABLES
1. Summary data on influence of fuel composition on mass emissions 6
[data are weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test
procedure] from 1970-1973 test vehicles.
2. Summary data on comparison of MBTH and DNPH methods for aldehyde 9
measurements [data are expressed as grams/mile on the basis of
the 1972 Federal test procedure].
3. Summary data on influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon 10
distribution in exhaust [data are weighted in accordance with
the 1975 Federal test procedure] from 1970-1973 test vehicles.
A. Summary data on influence of fuel composition on exhaust hydro- 12
carbon reactivity [data are weighted in accordance with the
1975 Federal test procedure] from 1970-1973 test vehicles.
5. Summary data on influence of fuel composition on exhaust hydro- 14
carbon reactivity [data are weighted in accordance with the
1975 Federal test procedure] from prototype low-emission systems.
A-l. Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test 17
procedure and individual replicate tests from 1970-1973 vehicles.
A-2. Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in accor- 22
dance with the 1975 Federal test procedure from 1970-1973 vehicles.
B-l. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 25
1975 Federal test procedure and individual replicate tests from
1970-1973 vehicles.
B-2. Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests 2S
weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
from 1970-1973 vehicles.
C-l. Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975 31
Federal test procedure and individual replicate tests for 1970-
1973 vehicles.
C-2. Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual replicate tests 35
weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for
1970-1973 vehicles.
Vll
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
D-l. Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975 37
Federal test procedure and individual replicate tests for proto-
type low-emission systems.
D-2. Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual replicate tests 40
weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
for prototype low-emission systems.
E-l. Data on comparison of MBTH and DNFH methods for aldehyde measure- 41
ments (data are expressed as grams/mile on the basis of the 1972
Federal test procedure).
vm
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PART II. -- CHARACTERIZATION OF MOTOR VEHICLE ALDEHYDE AND REACTIVE
ORGANIC EMISSIONS FROM 1970 THROUGH 1973 MODEL VEHICLES
I. SUBJECT
This report covers results from experimental work in measure-
ment of aldehyde and reactive organic emissions as well as car-
bon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions from 1970 through
1973 model vehicles.
II. OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to characterize aldehyde and
reactive organic emissions from 1970 through 1973 model vehicles
and to provide data to compare exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity
for exhaust from 1970 through 1973 vehicles with that of exhaust
from prototype low-emission systems (data obtained from a previous
program that was done under Interagency Agreement No. EPA-IAG-
0188(D) and reported in part I of this report).
III. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS :
Engineering data were obtained on the emission characteristics
of ten production vehicles using the 1975 Federal test procedure
(FTP). Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivities were calculated from
data for the ten vehicles used in this program and compared with
reactivities calculated from data (reported in part I of this
report) for prototype low-emission systems.
The following are observations and/or conclusions based on the
results from the experimental program.
1. Carbon monoxide (CO) emission from the ten vehicles ranged
from 11 to 60 g/mile when using a 40 pet aromatic fuel. The
average CO emission of the ten vehicles was about 13 pet
higher when a 22 pet aromatic fuel was used in place of the
40 pet aromatic fuel. This fuel effect on CO emission is
probably caused by changes in fuel physical properties (pri-
marily fuel density) which affects carburetor metering char-
acteristics and thus affecting air-fuel ratio.
2. Hydrocarbon (HC) emission from the ten vehicles ranged from
1.8 to 5.9 g/mile when a 40 pet aromatic fuel was used. The
average HC emission was not significantly different for the
22 pet and 40 pet aromatic fuels.
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3. Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) emission for the ten vehicles
ranged from 1.9 to 9.4 g/mile when a 40 pet aromatic fuel
was used. The average NOX emission was about 8.7 pet higher
for the 40 pet aromatic fuel when compared to the 22 pet
aromatic fuel.
4. Aldehyde emission by the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydra-
zone hydrochloride (MBTH) method for the ten vehicles was
from 0.07 to 0.3 g/mile. Aldehyde emission was from 2 to 9
pet of the total organic emissions.
5. Aldehyde emission as measured by the 2,4-dinitrophenyl-
hydrazone (DNPH) method averaged about 28 pet higher than
that measured by the MBTH method when considering all ten
vehicles and the two fuels.
6. For the 1970-1973 production vehicles, molar HC reactivity
for exhaust from the 40 pet aromatic fuel averaged about 3
pet higher than that for a 22 pet aromatic fuel.
7. The molar HC reactivity of exhaust from thermal reactor and
oxidation catalyst vehicles was about 25 pet lower than that
for 1970-1973 production vehicles.
8. The molar HC reactivity of exhaust from the dual catalyst
vehicle (used in the study reported in part I of this report)
was about 50 pet lower than that for thermal reactor and
oxidation catalyst vehicles.
IV. DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLES AND FUELS
A. Vehicles
The following is a description of the ten production vehicles
used in the test program:
1. Car No. 151 - A 1972 Oldsmobile 98 (17,876 miles) with a
455-CID engine and 4-barrel carburetor.
2. Car No. 707 - A 1971 Ford Galaxie (25,271 miles) with a
351-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
3. Car No. 76 - A 1971 Plymouth Fury III (23,313 miles) with
a 360-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
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4. Car No. 769 - A 1972 Ford Torino (17,080 miles) with a
351-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
5. Car No. 595 - A 1970 Chevrolet Impala (38,402 miles)
with a 350-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
6. Car No. 400 - A 1970 Pontiac (68,779 miles) with a
400-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
7. Car No. 365 - A 1970 Volkswagen (11,610 miles) with a
l,600cc engine and single-barrel carburetor.
8. Car No. 68 - A 1971 Chevrolet Vega (42,390 miles) with
a 2,300cc engine and single-barrel carburetor.
9. Car No. 146 - A 1973 Ford Torino (2,288 miles) with a
351-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
10. Car No. 110 - A 1973 .Chevrolet Impala (2,544 miles) with
a 350-CID engine and 2-barrel carburetor.
All the vehicles were equipped with automatic transmissions
with the exception of the .1970 Volkswagen (car 365) and the
1971 Chevrolet Vega (car 68) which were equipped with 4-speed
and 3-speed manual transmissions, respectively.
The first five vehicles were selected to have engine/trans-
mission/rear axle combinations which matched those of the
six vehicles equipped with prototype emission control systems
used in the previous work done under Interagency agreement
EPA-IAG-0188(D) (part I of this report). The other five
vehicles were selected to represent popular 1970-1973 vehicles,
B. Fuels
Two fuels were used in the program: (1) a 40 pet aromatic
fuel (typical clear II, No. 7221) and (2) a 22 pet aromatic
fuel (Indolene clear, No. 7203).
Fuel inspection data for these two fuels can be found in
part I of this report describing the work done under Inter-
agency agreement EPA-IAG-0188(D).
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V. DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
The experimental program consisted of running two replicate
tests in accordance with the 1975 (three-bag) FTP using the
ten vehicles and two fuels described above. All tests were
conducted at 75° F ambient temperature. The mass emissions
measured were: CO, total HC, NOX, and total aldehydes by the
MBTH method. The exhausts were also chromatographically
analyzed for the various hydrocarbons. Additionally, aldehyde
emission was measured by the DNPH method (samples of exhaust
were collected in accordance with the 1972 FTP).
VI. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
A. Test Procedures, Exhaust Sampling, and Analysis
Test procedures, exhaust sampling, and analysis was the
same as those used in the previous program and are des-
cribed in part I of this report. Prior to vehicle testing,
each vehicle was checked and, if necessary, adjustments were
made to bring engine adjustment parameters within the manu-
facturers' specifications.
B. Calculating Hydrocarbon Reactivity
Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivities were calculated from results
of the chromatographic analysis by two methods: (1) A reac-
tivity scale proposed by Altshuller (_!).=.' and designated
HEW reactivity and (2) a reactivity scale proposed by
Jackson (_2) and designated GM reactivity.
Before the reactivities were calculated, appropriate correc-
tions were made to the chromatographic data to account for
HC in the diluent air supplied to the constant volume sampler.
\_/ Underlined numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references
at the end of this report.
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5'
Reactivities are expressed both on the basis of molar
reactivity (reactivity per mole of hydrocarbon) and mass
reactivity (reactivity per gram of hydrocarbon).
Comparable reactivities for the program using vehicles
equipped with prototype emission control systems (part I
of this report) were calculated and are presented in this
section of the report.
VII. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
A. Mass Emissions
Mass emission data from the ten vehicles are summarized
in table 1. Data for individual bags and the individual
replicate tests are in Appendix A.
Carbon monoxide emission ranged from a low of 10.9 g/mile
for car 151 to a high of 59.8 g/mile for car 707 for the
40 pet aromatic fuel. For seven of the ten vehicles, CO
was from 6 to 56 pet higher for the 22 pet aromatic fuel
than for the 40 pet aromatic fuel. The other three vehicles
emitted from 2 to 15 pet lower CO for the 22 pet aromatic
fuel than for the 40 pet aromatic fuel.
Hydrocarbon emissions varied from 1.79 g/mile for car 151
to 5.86 g/mile for car 400 when using the 40 pet aromatic
fuel. The HC emission was from 1 to 14 pet higher for six
of the ten cars with the 22 pet aromatic fuel when compared
with .the 40 pet aromatic fuel. The HC emission from the
other four vehicles was from 2 to 22 pet lower for the 22
pet aromatic fuel when compared with the 40 pet aromatic
fuel.
The effect of fuel composition on CO and HC emission is
believed to be primarily caused by changes in fuel physical
properties which affects carburetor metering (and thus
affecting air-fuel ratio) rather than due to changes in the
chemical composition, per se. That is, if each car's carbu-
retor was adjusted for each fuel, there would probably not
be a significant fuel effect with respect to CO and HC emissions,
With respect to NO emissions, nine of the ten vehicles
showed that NOX emissions were higher for the 40 pet aromatic
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TABLE 1 . - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on mass
emissions [data are weighted in accordance with the
1975 Federal test procedure] from 1970-1973 test vehicles I/
Fuel
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
grams /mile
21
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
10.9
14.6
1.79
1.72 .
5.01
4.70
0.13
.12
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
59.8
63.4
4.88
5.56
7.34
6.62
j
0.14
.15
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
30.1
47.0
3.22
3.54
8.52
7.71
0.17
.14
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
38.0
42.4
2.16
2.29
4.32
3.70
0.076
.078
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 perdent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
51.2
68.2
3.58
3.94
4.37
3.80
0.14
.13
See footnotes at end of table.
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TABLE 1. - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on mass
emissions [data are weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
from 1970-1973 test vehicles I/Continued
Fuel
Emissions, grams /mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
21
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
36.9
39.4
5.86
5.92
9.36
9.04
0.26
.28
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH a 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
31.7
27.0
2.44
1.91
6.09
6.60
0.070
.082
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
56.8
62.0
4.92
5.44
1.88
1.68
0.079
.088
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
21.0
19.6
2.79
2.68
4.17
3.87
0.15
.16
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
33.4
32.7
2.16
2.12
2.66
2.38
0.20
.18
I/All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
2/NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains H00 per Ib of dry air,
x I
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fuel than for the 22 pet aromatic fuel. Oxides of nitrogen
emissions varied from 1.88 g/mile for car 68 to 9.36 g/mile
for car 400 when using the 40 pet aromatic fuel.
Aldehyde emissions ranged from 0.070 g/mile for car 365 to 0.28
g/mile for car 400. Fuel composition had no significant effect
on aldehyde emissions (MBTH). The aldehydes for the 1970-1973
vehicles were from 1.6 to 9.2 pet of the total organic emissions.
The aldehydes for the prototype low-emission systems (reported
in part I of this report were from 2.6 to 9.7 pet of the total
organic emissions.
Based on the 1972 Federal test procedure, the aldehydes by the
DNPH method were from 6 to 69 pet higher than aldehydes measured
by the MBTH method (table 2). Considering all ten vehicles and
the two fuels, aldehydes by the DNPH method averaged about 28 pet
higher than that measured by the MBTH method.
B. Hydrocarbon Distribution
Hydrocarbon distributions for the ten vehicles are summarized
in table 3. The complete set of data are given in appendix B.
The weight fraction of methane in the exhaust was consistently
higher for the 22 pet aromatic fuel than that for the 40 pet
aromatic fuel for all the vehicles tested. The methane in
the exhaust ranged from 3 to 11 pet of the total HC for the
typical clear fuel (40 pet aromatic).
The weight fraction of^-C^ olefins in the exhaust was in
all cases significantly higher for the 22 pet aromatic fuel
than that for the 40 pet aromatic fuel. The reverse was noted
for Cy+ aromatics. It appeared that the exhaust aromatics
increased approximately in direct proportion to the fuel aromatics
for all ten vehicles.
C. Exhaust Hydrocarbon Reactivity
Exhaust HC reactivities were calculated based both on the HEW
and GM scales. Data are summarized in table 4 for the ten
vehicles and comparable reactivity data for prototype low-
emission systems (calculated from data of part I of this
report) are summarized in table 5. The reactivity data are
expressed on the basis of reactivity per mole of HC and
reactivity per gram of HC.
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TABLE 2. - Summary data on comparison of MBTH and DNPH methods for aldehyde measurements
[Data are expressed as grams/mile on the basis of the
1972 Federal test procedure] I/
Fuel
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic (7203). .
Typical clear II,...
40 percent aromatic (7221). .
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic (7203). .
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic (7221 X
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic (7203)..
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic (7203). .
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic (7221). ,
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic (7203). .
MBTH
DNPH
1972 OLDS 98 (CAR 151) - 455 CID
0.13
.12
0.17
.18
1971 FORDGALAXIE (CAR 707) - 351 CID
0.14
.16
0.20
.17
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) - 351 CID
0.082
.082
0.11
.10
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) - 400 CID
0.24
.26
0.38
.33
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) - 351 CID
0.16
.15
0.18
.18
MBTH
DNPH
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) - 1,600 CC
0.071
.082
0.12
.096
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR .76) - 360. CID
0,18
.14
0.22
.18
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) - 350 CID
0.14
.13
0.16
.15
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) - 2,300 CC
0.083
.098
0.098
.12
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) - 350 CID
0.20
.18
0.28
.24
!_/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
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10
TABLE 3. - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon distribution in exhaust
[data are weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure!
frcrn 1970-1973 teat vehicles I/
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraf
Methane
fins
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
C3-C5 I C6+
Aromatic s
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221;..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
1.79
1.72
3.0
5.3
8.8
10.2
17.4
21.0
9.6
9.0
14.0 16.6
2.1
1.9
4.5
4.2
39.4
18.1
6.2
8.7
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
4. 88
5.56
8.7
11.4
7.4
7.8
12.6
20.0
8.4
9.8
9.6
12.8
1.5
2.0
4.8
3.8
35.2
18.2
11.8
14.2
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
3.22
3.54
3.6
6.1
8.3
8.9
12.5
19.6
10.6
12.9
12.7
18.5
1.2
1.7
5.1
4.2
40.1
21.4
5.9
6.7
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.16
2.29
10.9
12.6
7.7
8.2
8.9
14.1
10.8
13.5
8.4
13.0
0.8
1.1
6.0
4.5
31.2
16.2
15.3
16.8
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
3.58
3.94
6.3
9.1
7.0
7.5
11.4
17.9
10.0
13.0
10.4
15.8
1.1
1.6
5.5
4.3
40.6
21.3
7.7
9.5
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
5.86
5.92
3.7
5.2
10.1
10.5
21.7
25.0
8.0
9.9
12.8
16.3
3.1
2.9
3.9
3.5
31.7
19.7
5.0
7.0
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.44
1.91
6.6
8.1
7.3
9.0
12.8
18.2
9.4
12.9
8.6
15.7
1.1
1.4
5.2
4.3
39.8
20.6
9.2
9.8
See footnotes at end of table.
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TABLE 3. - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on hydrocarbon distribution in exhaust
[data are weighted In accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure)
from 1970-1973 test vehicles I/Continued
n
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
C2-C5
V
Olefins
Ethylene | C3"S
V
Aroma tic s
Benzene I 7
Acetylenes
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203) . .
4.92
5.44
7.4
8.8
9.4
9.5
19.9
27.4
7.9
8.8
-
8.8
10.7
2.8
2.8
3.8
3.4
30.9
18.5
9.1
10.1
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.79
2.68
4.7
5.6
8.1
9.0
11.5
16.7
11.0
14.4
13.1
21.4
1.2
1.4
5.3
4.2
38.5
19.9
6.6
7.4
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.16
2.12
6.1
7.4
6.8
10.1
14.3
21.3
10.6
13.0
10.3
15.5
1.6
1.9
5.2
4.3
36.7
19.3
6.4
7.2
\l All teats were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
TABLE 4. - Summary data on Influence of fuel composition on exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity
[data are weighted In accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
from 1970-1973 teat vehicles I/
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | CM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW | CM
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
1.79
1.72
55.3
47.4
2.64
2.63
2.52
2.64
0.0476
.0560
0.0455
(
.0560
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
4.88
5.56
46.0
41.0
2.02
1.83
1.90
1.86
0.0438
.0446
0.0412
.0451
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
3.22
3.54
54.0
47.3
2.88
2.77
2.66
2.72
0.0534
.0586
0.0492
.0574
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.16
2.29
40.6
37.2
1.75
1.78
1.58
1.70
0.0431
.0480
0.0390
.0458
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
3.58
3.94
50.3
43.3
2.48
2.34
2.24
2.26
0.0492
.0542
0.0446
.0522
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
5.86
5.92
57.8
51.0
2.80
2.64
2.88
2.79
0.0486
.0518
0.0500
.0547
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.44
1.91
49.9
44.6
2.28
2.32
2.07
2.23
0.0456
.0520
0.0414
.0500
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE 4. - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity
[data are weighted In accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
from 1970-1973 test vehicles I/Continued
13
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | CM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW | CM
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear.
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
A. 92'
5.44
50.1
47.0
2.10
1.95 -
2.16
2.21
0.0420
.0414
0.0432
.0470
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
.aromatic (7203)..
2.79
2.68
51.6
46.0
2.78
2.90
2.56
2.82
0.0537
.0631
0.0496
.0612
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
2.16
2.12
50.8
46.2
2.49
2.48
2.34
2.60
0.0490
.0536
0.0460
.0562
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
TABLE 5 . - Summary data on influence of fuel composition on exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity
[data are weighted in accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure]
from prototype low emission systems \/
14
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
Rratn of HC
HEW I GM
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)..
Indolenc clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.33
.43
41.3
39.1
2.16
1.94
1.98
1.81
0.0525
.0496
0.0482
.OA61
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.17
.11
43.9
42.1
1.14
1.73
1.80 .
1.89
0.0276
.0412
0.0407
.0447
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.40
.39
38.0
33.8
1.56
1.40
1.52
1.50
0.0410
.0414
0.0399
.0443
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.72
.79
42.4
39.7
1.49
1.33
1.57
1.57
0.0351
.0334
0.0370
.0396
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.43
.44
47.7
48.6
2.10
2.17
2.24
2.69
0.0442
.0448
0.0470
.0554
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NOX REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)..
0.30
.34
30.1
26.8
0.857
.712
0.906
.738
0.0281
.0265
0.0298
.0275
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
15
The following discussion is based on data expressed in terms
of the HEW reactivity scale (molar reactivity).
For the ten vehicles (table A), HEW molar HC reactivity
averaged about 2.8 pet higher for the 40 pet aromatic fuel
when compared with the 22 pet aromatic fuel. For the proto-
type emission control systems (table 5), the HEW molar HC
reactivity averaged about 9.1 pet higher for the 40 pet aro-
matic fuel when compared to the 22 pet aromatic fuel. (Results
from car 810 were not used in the average because the reactivity
values are probably not reliable because of the extremely
low total HC values.)
It should be noted that for the low emission systems (table
5), the HC reactivity of exhaust from the dual catalyst
system (car 58) was about 52 pet lower than for the other
low-emission systems.
The HEW molar HC reactivity for the low emission system (not
including the dual catalyst vehicle) averaged about 25 pet
lower than that for the 1970 through 1973 vehicles.
-------
16
REFERENCES
1. A. P. Altshuller. Evaluation of Techniques for Determination
of Photochemical Reactivity of Organic Emissions. Journal of
Air Pollution Control Association, v. 16, No. 5, May 1966, p. 257,
2. M. W. Jackson. Effects of Some Engine Variables and Control
Systems on Composition and Reactivity of Exhaust Hydrocarbons.
SAE Vehicle Emissions, Part II, v. 12 (selected papers, 1963-66),
New York, N.Y.^, 1967, pp. 241-267.
-------
17
APPENDIX A DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON
MASS EMISSIONS FROM 1970 THROUGH 1973 VEHICLES
TABLE A-l. - Masa emissions for individual baga of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and Individual replicate tests front
Fuel
Bag
number
1970 to 1973 vehicles I/
Carbon monoxide
Emissions, graae/test
Hydrocarbon 1 Nitrogen midair-'
Aldehydes
(MBTHV
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
AVR..
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
113
116
88.2
106
18.5
18.9
19.3
18.9
39.0
27.0
25.0
30.3
168
149
158
22.3
19.0
20.6
35.7
35.3
35.5
7.41
6.55
6.89
6.95
7.91
6.91
7.83
- 7.55
^=r5.37
4.65
5.18
5.07
8.39
7.77
8.08
8.20
3.33
5.76
7.19
5.82
6.50
21.2
24.6
25.1
23.6
14.2
14.0
14.7
14.3
21.6 '
24.0
23.1
22.9 ":
20.6
20.2
20.4
13.6
14.2
13.9
22.6
21.4
22.0
0.43
.37
.44
0.61
.49
M
' " .56 '' '.'
0.33
.40
,40
;- <' ,Jg";"' '1
0.40
.46
.., ..,., -aj-.:- '.-
0.31
.46
';i>4g >:.
"' ' 0.43 - ''''-:''-
.43
' .43 :'.-
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
AVR..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
AVR..
506
610
558
135
155
145
101
123
112
625
518
572
200
127
164
138
96.0
117
33.5
43.8
38.6
12.4
13.8
13.1
11.4
12.6
12.0
59.2
41.8
50.5
14.5
12.2
13.4
12.4
11.1
11.8
25.7
25.9
25.8
27.7
26.8
27.2
29.4
29.3
29.4
21.9
25.1
23.5
23.4
25.0
24.2
24.8
29.1
27.0
0.58
.45
.32
0.64
.56
.60
0.46
.37
.42
0.71
.66
.68
0.52
.39
.56
0.46
.32
,.:-:>49.,..r
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass ''enilssiohV for individual, bags of» the 1975'Federal' test
procedure and individual replicate tests from
; : .,../: 1970 to 1973 vehicles l/r-KlQntinued, ....?:
18
Fuel
Bag
number
'.
.Carbon
V-'.'r; '.:' n
Emissions,
monoxide -
fr'#-~.' . -V ' - '
Hydrocarbon
f"
rams/test
Nitrogen*'1
oxides-'
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
':i:'.n,3np.imi...FjjRY^ii. .-(cAiu:.76-); wnw A^ 36d^ciD %&INE " v
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromat ic- C7221')
'' ..*
<.'*'
-- ^.i
. ,-.r,':':t*. »
^;S>:"
-, ,\'.,.
*!:<"*'..
Indolene cl«arv' "'
aromatic (7203)
#&:,-. ,
-v-fc-'r^V.iu;.
q&,*.:
&<*f~
*.'.'''v,i'
1
-s-'Avg'."."
9
.AVK,.
^..3.
Avg . .
"t"!
1 * '
AVR . .
'J.2
i'. ^ . ^-w- ^ >,,
*--1Hv£'."S-
1:3
i^vA^-J-;'.v.i-^-'
.,..,Ayk...»..
.-,.,--.-167- ,,,..., '.
"""158"-'
,,:-, 162
-- 89.3
---'ioo
....,-.'.;. ..94.6 ;
. ,:x:.V:-;103... ;
';v 112
108
-;^-:.:.2'18 /:
.,, : 217
218
: 163
" "181
132
. .'..'.139 ..--'.-
...,..-, /'-I36- - -'
.14.2:.' .
13.8 ,
14.0
:.. 12.2
12.4
12.3
10.3-
... 10.4
10.4
,.; ....i5...7,..f -
" . 14.6
15.2
.''. 13.3
13.8
10.9
1T.1 -
:. 11.0
''" '':: -.31.6: "'''"' "
32.5 -
32.0
31.1
31.6
.. 31.4
33.3 :
33.0
33.2
.. :.<_,. 27.6 :; - -'.-
31.3
1 29.4
26.4 ;
29.2
27.8
,27.5
; "33. 4 -. .:.<-
30.4
0.72
'.58 '
' ..-.;65:---
0.79 *
- . ;v57 - -r
.68
0.57
.57
.57
- ; 0.44
.54
.49
'0.44
.53-^-
iO.62 :;i
...; v53-^
i; .58
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR'. 769) WITH .A 35LrCID ENGINE
..^.-3t,*n>\ ,-f,^. ..~,-.r-.^ '^l"'_^l_~^''j'^""_" '__..__ _ - '' "*__
':".'.
Typ i c a 1 c 1 ear^-i:I;,--'
40 percent ';.£."""
aromatic {7221^
".-' 'C
-, l!^I.V«.t __.-'. n".
1 yVj-'l-1 '*' :' ''
Indolene clear^- ;
22 percent *-':ft.
aromatic (7203)
>;', '
" *.l
*.
.-I:..,.
->--:, '
l,,,..,|l---'"'--i
'"AViK'.V
w».j..<2. . -
...AvR.v.*
3
!''
'"AVff.";"'
.., ^,,iv,-vr.-L.i. .
"'!;"
,.Avgi...'
' 2::
.Avg...
3 ,.
'Avg.v
-".V356 ;"";
411
,.-,«..>.., ,384-
71.1
77.9'
.,.., :74.5' .,-
; 73.5
' :84.7
" """-' 79.1
; 408
_ --sm - .
--~37*- -
132
...,,,J''-.vl4w9- -'.-
,....,, .i.':i03
-no
:.7i.o
- v'9o;s
17.6
18.3 ... ,>
18.0 . '
4.78 ,.
4.93
4.86
5.73
: 6.87 ..
. 6.30 ,
19.9
14.6
17.2
6.34
4.96 "
5.65
7.59
6.90 .
7.24 .........
"16.5
. 17.0
16.8 ''"''
15.4,
15.9
15.6
16.4
16.9
16.6
'14.1
" is.o
14.6
13.0
12.7
12.8
15.4
14.8
, -IS .I- - .-''
0.32
.28
: .30
0.32
....31
.32 ,-..,
0.23
.20:,.-.'
.22
0.31
.28
.30
0.30
.34 ..
.32 ....
0.21
.26 .
? .24
See footnotes at Vend of", table.
-------
17
APPENDIX A DATA ON THE IHFLUENCB OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON
MASS EMISSIONS FROM 1970 THROUGH 1973 VEHICLES
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal tost
procedure and Individual replicate tests Iron
Fuel
B«g
number
1970 to 1973 vehicles 17
Carbon monoxide
Emissions, grans/test
Hydrocarbon 1 Nitrogen oxldaa*
''. ' ''.'!
Aldehyde*
OOTlb
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
113
116
88.2
106
18.5
18.9
19.3
18.9
39.0
27.0
25.0
30.3
168
149
158
22.3
19.0
20.6
35.7
35.3
35.5
7.41
6.55
6.89
6.95
7.91
6.91
7.83
7.55
5.37
4.65
5.18
5.07
8.39
7.77
8.08
8.20
3.33
5.76
7.19
5.82
6.50
21.2
24.6
25.1
23.6
14.2
14.0
14.7
14.3
21.6
24.0
23.1
22.9
20.6
20.2
20.4
13.6
14.2
13.9
22.6
21.4
22.0
0.43
.37
.44
- "'-4V
5*61
.49
Si..-
o;35
>40
.40
?'": »X',
0*40
'- .46 :
I -"" .W'l ;'"
' ' 0.51 Y-''
.46
'.'. .48; " :'
J43
':' ".431' ".'
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR . .
506
610
558
135
155
145
101
123
112
625
518
572
200
127
164
138
96.0
117
33.5
43.8
38.6
12.4
13.8
13.1
11.4
12.6
12.0
59.2
41.8
50.5
14.5
12.2
13.4
12.4
11.1
11.8
25.7
25.9
25.8 "''
27.7
26.8
27.2
29.4
29.3
29.4
21.9
25.1
23.5
23.4
25.0
24.2
24.8
29.1
27.0
0.58
: .45
.'.!«-
0.*J
.56
:: ..". 60' ';
0.46
.37
.42
0.71
.66
y ' 'iiS.'---
0.52
.59
".56
0.46
.52
.49
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l, - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and Individual replicate tests from
1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
18
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions, grams/test
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
2/
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,--:;
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
" 3..
Avg..
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
Avg. .
167
158
162
89.3
100
94.6
103
112
108
218 :
217
218
163
199
181
: 132
139
136
14.2
13.8
14.0
12.2
12.4
12.3
10.3
10.4
10.4
.,15.7
14.6
15.2
13.3
14.3
.13.8
10.9
11.1
11.0
31.6
32.5
32.0
31.1
31.6
31.4
33.3
33.0
33.2
27.6
31.3
29.4
26.4
29.2
27.8
27.5
33.4
30.4
0.72
.58
.65
0.79
.57
.68
0.57
.57
.57
0.44
.54
.49
0.44
.62
.53
0.62
.53
.58
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
'.':i' ''"'.',
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg. .
1
Avg..
2"'i
Avg..
3
AVR. .
356
411 "
384
71.1
77.9
74.5
73.5
84. 7>
79.1
408 ,
348
378 f
132
74.9
103
110
71.0
90.5
17.6
18.3
18.0
4.78
4.93
4.86
5.73 -,
6.87
6.30
19.9
14.6
17.2 .
6.34
4.96
5.65
7.59
6.90
7.24
16.5
17.0
16.8
15.4
15.9
15.6
16.4 .
16.9
16.6
14.1
15.0
: 14.6
13.0
12.7
12.8
15.4
14.8
15.1
0.32
.28
.30
0.32
.31
.32
0.23
.20
.22
0.31
.28
.30
0.30
.34
.32
0.21
.26
.24
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests from
1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
19
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
grams/test
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg..
2
Avg..
3
1
Avg . .
2
Avg. .
3
AVR..
310
315
.312
150
182
166
142
151
- 146
347
339
343
287
. 234
260
179
184
182
18.6
17.6
18.1
12.5
13.0
12.8
10.9
11.1
11.0
19.2
17.1
18.2
16.1
13.5
14.8
12.5
11.6
12.0
19.2
17.1
18.2
15.3
13.7
14.5
18.5
18.4
18.4
15.9
16.8
16.4
11.9
12.6
12.2
16.2
16.1
16.2
0.47
.41
.44
0.66
.66
.66
0.42
.44
.43
0.42
.39
.40
0.55
.59
.57
0.42
.43
.42
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg . .
2
Avg..
3
Avg..
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
467
455
461
45.7
53.8
49.8
.. 49.3
52.2
L_ 50.8
507
390
448
88.6
49.5
69.0
70.7
49.6
60.2
26.5
26.5
26.5
22.5
24.2
23.4
15.8
16.5
16.2
40.9
24.3
32.6
25.7
17.7
21.7
17.4
13.2
15.3
25.8
29.5
27.6
36.0
41.5
38.8
33.0
35.6
34.3
23.9
27.2
25.6
35.6
39.9
37.8
35.6
31.2
33.4
0.74
.60
.67
1.3
1.0
1.2
1.0
.86
.93
0.71
.80
.76
1.1
1.3
1.2
0.88
.95
.92
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-l. - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests from
1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
20
Fuel
Bag
number
Emissions,
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
[rams/test
Nitrogen oxides-/
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear, .
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
AVR..
2
AVR..
3
AVR..
.,- 'I'..,.
AVR . .
- .-.-2...
-
i AVR . .
-H...3-- -
AVR; .
135
136
148
140
108
129
143
127
89.0
80.6
96.8
88.8
139
137
138
101
103
102 .
75.3
67.8
71.6
11.9
11.6
12.7
12.1
7.45
8.16 -
10.4
8.67
8.03
6.83
8.73
7.86
10.9
9.15
10.0
6.60
6.48
6.54
6.42
5.80
6.11
26.1
25.6
26.4
26.0
21.6
21.0
20.2
20.9
22.9
24.1
24.4
23.8
29.2
26.8
28.0
23.0
22.3
22.6
27.2
24.8
26.0
0.25
.23
.29
.26
0.28
.25
.32
.28
0.23
.18
.26
.22
0.29
.24
.26
.36
.34
.35
0.28
.23
.26
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
-...":i--
AVR..
2
AVR. .
3
AVR..
1
1 'Avg. .
. - 2 '
AVR . .
3
AVR..
348
354
351
168
155
162
198
201
200
401
426
414
156
202
179
189
192
190
30.8
26.9
28.8
10.8
9.54
10.2 -
31.7
18.6
L_ 25.2
27.5
47.0
37.2
8.37
11.3
9.84
27.5
24.9
26.2
6.48
6.66
6.57
6.52
7.48
7.00
7.45
7.64
7.54
6.03
5.85
5.94
6.35
6.06
6.20
6.61
6.91
6.76
0.29
.28
.28
0.33
.34
.34
0.23
.23
.23
0.30
.41
.36
0.33
.40
.36
0.25
.25
.25
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
21
TABLE A-l . - Mass emissions for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests from
1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Carbon
Emissions,
monoxide
Hydrocarbon
! rams/test
Nitrogen
11
oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg . .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
1
Avg..
2 . .
Avg..
3
Avg . .
138
137
138
68.0
67.0
67.5
55.0
54.0
54.5
115
123
119
70.1
66.9
.68.5
51.7
45.1
48.4
13.7
13.2
13.4
10.3
10.0
10.2
9.12
8.42
8.77
12.0
12.1
12.0
10.3
9.66
9.98
8.38
8.66
8.52
14.4
14.4
14.4
15.4
16.5
16.0
15.5
16.8
16.2
14.4
15.1
14.8
14.4
14.3
, 14.4
14.0
15.4
14.7
0.52
.48
.50
0.64
.64
.64
0.48
.50
.49
0.43
.60
.52
0.64
.63
.64
0.50
.55
.52
1973'CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
1
Avg . .
2
Avg. .
3
Avfi. .
1
Avg. .
2
Avg. .
3
Avg..
188
219
204
104
118
111
80.0
104
92.0
213
177
195
119
93.9
106
119
73.4
96.2
10.0
11.0
10.5
6.99
7.36
7.18
7.76
8.00
7.88
11.1
9.34
10.2
7.25
6.58
6.92
9.37
6.74
8.06
11.0
11.1
11.0
8.31
8.21
8.26
12.4
12.2
12.3
8.83
9.99
9.41
7.24
7.68
7.46
11.1
11.3
11.2
1.0
.59
.80
0.75
.82
.78
0.57
.59
.58
0.60
.61
.60
0.76
.79
.78
0.60
.59
.60
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
2/ NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains HO per Ib of dry air.
-------
TABLE A-2. - Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
from 1970 to 1973 vehicles I/
22
Fuel
Emissions, grams/mile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
2/
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg...
11.9
11.2
9.52
10.9
15.3
13.8
14.6
1.89
1.65
1.83
1.79
2.12
1.33
1.72
4.76
5.10
5.16
5.01
4.71
4.68
4.70
0.13
.12
.13
.13
0.12
.12
.12
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
54.7
65.0
59.8
72.9
53.9
63.4
4.45
5.31
4.88
6.27
4.86
5.56
7.40
7.28
7.34
6.27
6.9b
6.62
0.15
.13
.14
0.14
.16
.15
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
' Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg ...
29.3
30.9
30.1
44.3
49.6
47.0
3.22
3.23
3.22
3.50
3.59
3.54
8.49
8.54
8.52
7.19
8.23
7.71
0.19
.15
.17
0.13
.16
.14
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg. . .
35.5
40.4
38.0
49.4
35.3
42.4
2.08
2.23
2.16
2.56
2.02
2.29
4.25
4.38
4.32
3.71
3.68
3.70
0.078
.073
.076
0.075
.081
.078
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE A-2. - Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
from 1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
23
Fuel
Emissions, grams^iie
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
2/
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR...
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVK...
48.5
53.8
51.2
71.8
64.6
68.2
3.56
3.59
3.58
4.20
3.67
3.94
4.54
4.20
4.37
3.73
3.86
3.80
0.15
.14
.14
0.13
.13
.13
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR. . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg. ..
36.6
37.2
36.9
46.2
32.7
39.4
5.72
6.00
5.86
7.09
4.76
5.92
8.78
9.94
9.36
8.82
9.26
9.04
0.30
.23
.26
0.26
.30
.28
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR . . .
29.0
31.1
34.9
31.7
27.2
26.8
27.0
2.28
2.27
2.78
2.44
1.99
1.83
1.91
6.12
6.10
6.06
6.09
6.81
6.40
6.60
0.069
.061
.079
.070
0.086
.077
.082
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)"
AVR...
57.4
56.2
56.8
58.1
65.9
62.0
5.62
4.23
4.92
4.78
6.10
5.44
1.81
1.96
1.88
1.69
1.67
1.68
0.079
.079
.079
0.080
.095
.088
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
24
TABLE A-2. - Mass emissions for individual replicate tests weighted in
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
from 1970 to 1973 vehicles I/Continued
Fuel
Emissions, graras^jile
Carbon monoxide
Hydrocarbon
21
Nitrogen oxides-
Aldehydes
(MBTH)
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg . . .
21.2
20.9
21.0
19.9
19.4
19.6
2.86
2.73
2.79
2.71
2.64
2.68
4.05
4.29
4.17
3.80
3.94
3.87
0.15
.15
.15
0.15
.16
.16
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg. . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR . . .
30.7
36.2
33.4
37.2
28.2
32.7
2.10
2.22
2.16
2.32
1.92
2.12
2.68
2.65
2.66
2.31
2.46
2.38
0.20
.19
.20
0.18
.18
.18
JY All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
2/ NO data are corrected for humidity to 75 grains HO per Ib of dry air.
-------
APPENDIX B -- DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION
IN EXHAUST FROM 1970-1973 VEHICLES
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for Individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests from 1970-1973 vehicles I/
25
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
1r -c 'Ira.
2 5 1 6
Olefins
Ethylene
c3-c5
V
Aromatlcs
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVK . . .
2
AVK...
3
AVK..,
1
AVK . . ,
2
AVK...
3
AVK . . .
7.41
6.55
6.89
6.95
7.91
6.91
7.83
7.55
5.37
4.65
5.18
5.07
8.39
7.77
8.08
8.20
3.33
5.76
7.19
5.82
6.50
6.6
5.1
5.9
1.6
1.9
1.7
3.9
3.1
3.5
8.4
7.8
8.1
2.5
5.9
4.2
3.8
5.1
4.4
6.2
9.2
7.7
8.1
10.9
9.5
6.2
10.5
8.4
7.0
8.9
8.0 ,
10.8
5.3
8.1
10.7
17.2
14.0
8.4
13.3
10.9
21.3
21.8
21.6
12.8
14.1
13.4
14.4
16.4
15.4
30.7
10.4
20.6
27.4
21.3
24.3
13.3
12.2
12.7
8.1
7.6
7.8
12.0
10.6
11.3
15.9
14.8
15.3
9.7
22.9
16.3
10.4
12.3
11.4
10.2
10.6
10.4
-
8.6
8.1
9.5
9.7
9.6
17.6
17.8
17.7
13.1
24.0
18.5
13.4
15.1
14.2
0.4
.7
.5
-
2.7
3.0
0.9
1.4
1.1
0.9
1.3
1.1
3.7
.5
2.1
2.2
1.7 .
2.0
6.8
6.0
6.4
-
3.6
3.5
5.6
4.6
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.7
3.8
4.6
4.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
37.0
33.8
35.4
42.5
39.5
41.0
40.2
38.3
39.3
19.6
17.8
18.7
20.9
14.9
17.9
20.6
14.5
17.5
11.1
9.1
10.1
4.2
3.4
3.8
. 8.9
7.7
8.3
11.3
10.7
11.0
4.8
11.5
8.1
7.5
8.9
8.2
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVK .
2
AVK . .
3
AVK. ..
1
AVR . .
. 2
AVK . . .
3
AVK...
33.5
43.8
38.6
12.4
13.8
13.1
11.4
12.6
12.0
59.2
41.6
50.5
14.5
12.2
13.4
12.4
11.1
11.8
12.6
13.9
13.2
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.5
4.5
4.5
15.4
15.8
15.6
. 7.4
6.7
7.0
6.9
6.0
6.5
6.7
7.0
6.8
7.9
7.1
7.5
8.2
8.0
8.1
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.9
9.1
9.0
12.4
13.8
13,1
10.6
13.0
11.8
12.9
13.7
13.3
22.2
19.5
20.8
18.4
18.0
18.2
20.1
21.5
20.8
6.7
6.4
6.6
10.4
9.9
10.1
9.6
8.9
9.2
6.6
7.6
7.1
12.6
13.6
13.1
12.3
12.1
12.2
7.4
7.1
7.3
12.7
11.2
11.9
10.9
10.2
1.0.5
7.9
9.0
8.4
17.2
18.3
17.7
16.5
17.5
17.0
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
2.5
1.9
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.6
4.2
3.9
4.1
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.4
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.4
4.4
4.4
31.4
27.7
29.5
38.9
40.4
39.6
40.3
41.3
40.8
15.3
15.2
15.3
22.7
21.2
21.9
21.0
20.1
20.5
16.8
18.4
17.6
7.8
6.5
7.2
6.9
6.7
6.8
19.5
20.5
20.0
7.6
8.0
7.8
8.4
7.6
8.0
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg. . .
2
Avg . . .
3
AVR . . .
1
Avg . . .
2
Avg ...
3
AVR . . .
14.2
13.8
14.0
12.2
12.4
12.3
10.3
10.4
10.4
15.7
14.6
15.2
13.3
14.3
13.8
10.9
11.1
11.0
4.6
4.6
4.6
' 2.8
2.6
2.7
4.1
4.4
4.2
6.7
6.6
6.7
5.6
6.0
5.8
6.2
6.5
6.3
9.2
9.2
9.2
8.0 1
8.2
8.1
7.6
8.1
7.8
10.6
10.2
10.4
8.1
8.5
8.3
8.7
8.6
8.7
12.8
11.8
12.3
13.3
13.1
13.2
11.1
11.2
11.2
20.6
19.3
19.9
19.9
19.7
19.8
18.9
18.4
18.6
9.5
10.1
9.8
10.8
10.6
10.7
11.1
11.1
11.1
12.1
12.8
12.5
13.0
13.0
13.0
13. 4
13.7
13.6
11.5
11.9
11.7
13.8
13.4
13.6
12.1
12.2
12.2
17.0
16.3
16.6
19.3
19.2
19.3
18.4
19.3
18.9
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.1
1.9
1.4
1.3
1.4
4.9
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.1 '
5.4
5.5
5.5
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
40.2
40.0
40.1
39.7
40.3
40.0
40.7
39.6
40.1
20.2
22.8
21.5
22.0
21. a
21.7
20;8
20.5
20.6
6.0
6.4
6.2
5.3
5.4
5.3
6.8
6.9
6.8
7.1
6.5
6.8
6.2
5.9
6.0
7.9
7. A
7.6
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for Individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and Individual replicate tests from 1970-1973 vehicles I/Continued
26
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, upfpht- p»rc<-nr
Paraffins
Methane
s-s
V
Olefins
Ethy-lene
C3-C5 I V
Aroma tic a
Benzene
s+
Acetylenes
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg...
2
AVR...
3
AVR...
1
AVK . . .
2
AVE. . .
3
AVK., , ,
11.9
11.6
12.7
12.1
7.45 .
8.16
10.4
8.67
8.03
6.83
8.73
7.86
10.9
9.15
10.0
6.60
6.48
6.54
6.42
5.80
6.11
5.0
9.8
7.4
5.7
7.9
6.8
4.7
5.9
5.3
8.1
7.9
8.0
9.2
8.4
. 8.8
8.1
6.2
7.2
8.6
7.7
8.2
7.1
6.5
6.8
7.8
7.2
7.5
11.5
10.9
11.2
7.2
7.6
7.4
8.9
9.5
9.2
15.6
11.8
13.7
11.4
11.7
11.6
15.4
12.0
13.7
21.3
21.5
21.4
15.0
15.6
15.3
18.4
21.2
19.8
6.6
10.1
8.3
11.3
10.5
10.9
7.6
8.9
8.3
10.2
9.9
10.0 '
15.0
14.8
14.9
12.9
11.8
12.3
7.0
5.1
6.0
11.5
9.4
10.4
7.8
8.5
8.2
13.0
12.0
12.5
18.5
17.1
17.8
16.6
14.9
15.8
TTT
.9
.3
0.8
1.1
1.0
1.4
.8
1.1
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.3
~4T2
3.7
3.9
6.2
6.0
6.1
4.8
5.5
5.1
3.6
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.5
1971 CHEVROLET VECA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
1
AVK*
2
AVK,'. .
3
AVK.
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR . . .
3
AVR...
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVK. .
2
Avg . . .
3
AVR . . .
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR . . ,
3
AVR , . .
30.8
26.9
28.8
10.8
9.54
10.2
31.7
18.6
- 25.2
27.5
47.0
24.5
8.37
11.3
9.86
. 27.5
24.9
26.2
9.2
7.9
8.5
10.3
8.8
9.5
4.3
5.2
4.8
13.1
9.2
11.2
13.0
12.3
12.7
3.9
4.9
4.4
6.9
6.5
6.7
9.0
8.2
8.6
12.9
12.0.
12.4
6.8
9.6
8.2
6.9
6.3
6.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
19.2
15.5
17.3
16.7
11.5
14.1
31.6
20.6
26.1
20.4
31.0
25.7
14.2
15.9
15.0
37.1
34.9
36.0
7.2
6.0
6.6
13.8
13.2
13.5
4.4
5.5
5.0
8.9
6.0
7.5
17.6
16.3
16.9
4.9
5.4
5.1
8.3
6.5
7.4
12.9
10.5
11.7
9.3
6.9
8.1
10.4
9.0
9.7
15.0
15.6
15.3
8.4
9.2
8.8
2. '8.
1.8
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.8
5.0.
2.6
3.8
1.6
3.3
2.4
1.0
1.8
1.4
4.2
3.9
4.0
3.3
3.6
3.5
4.5
5.0
4.8
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.1
3.1
4.5
4.3
4.4
3.2
3.3
3.3
43. r
37.6
40.4
37.4
37.9
37.6
43.1
42.4
42.7
21.0
23.1
22.1
19.8
19.7
19.8
20.4
20.8
20.6
30.7
40.9
35.8
19.8
31.0
25.4
24.0
37.5
30.7
19.0
16.6
17.8
16.2
16.0
16.1
21.3
20.1
20.7
8.2
13.3
10.8
8.6
9.0
8.8
7.4"
8.8
8.1
9.5
9.4
9.5
9.6
10.7
10.1
9.0
9.6
9.3
12.4
11.3
11.9
10.5
10.7
10.6
5.3
6.1
5.7
16.7
12.2
14.4
11.6
11.5
11.6
4.4
5.7
5.1
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
13.7
13.2
13.4
10.3
10.0
10.2
9.12
8.42
8.77
12.0
12.1
12.0
10.3
9.f.6
9.98
8.38
8.66
8.52
5.7
5.4
5.6
4.4
4.8
4.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
6.2
6.7
6.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.2
8.7
9.4
9.0
7.5
7.6
7.6
8.4
8.3
8.4
9.8
12.3
11.0
7.9
8.0
8.0
8.6
8.9
8.7
13.0
13,6
13.3
10.8
10.4
10.6
11.5
11.0
11.3
17.6
16.5
17.1
16.0
15.9
15.9
17.5
18.7
18.1
9.9
9.1
9.5
12.0
11.9
12.0
10.9
11.2
11.0
12.6
12.6
12.6
15.1
15.5
15.3
14.6
13.9
14.3
12.5
11.7
12.1
13.9
13.8
13.8
12.1
12.9
12.5
19.7
18.6
19.1
22.8
23.2
23.0
20.3
21.0
20.6
1.8
.4
.6
.1
.0
.1
.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.4
4.9
4.9
4.9
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.1
4.2
35.5
37.3
36.4
38.9
39.2
39.0
39.8
39.5
39.6
20.6
19.4
20.0
20.7
19.8
20.2
19.2
19.1
19.2
8.0
7.2
7.6
5.9
5.9
5.9
7.1
6.8
6.9
8.0
8.8
8.4
6.5
6.5
6.5
8.8
7.7
8.3
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for Individual bags of the 1975'Federal test
procedure and Individual replicate tests from 1970-1973 vehicles I/Continued
27
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethylene
vs
V
Aromatics
Benzene
V
Acetylenes
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR...
3
AVR...
1
AVR. ..
2
Avg...
3
AVR...
17.6
18.3
18.0
4.78
4.93
4.86
5.73
6.87
6.30
19.9
14.6
17.2
6.34
4.96
5.65
7.59
6.90
7.24
14.4
15.2
14.8
7.4
9.0
8.2
6.1
6.6
6.4
17.3
17.7
17.5
9.9
9.3
9.6
8.7
7.5
8.1
5.4
5.3
5.4
7.0
5.8
6.4
14.0
14.7
14.3
5.1
4.9
5.0
7.1
5.8
6.4
14.9
17.5
16.2
8,1
7.1
7.6
8.7
6.8
7.8
13.0
13.5
13.2
12.4
10.5
11.5
11.1
13.8
12.4
18.2
23.3
20.8
9.7
9.8
9.7
13.3
14.4
13.8
9.0
8.4
8.7
11.6
12.4
12.0
17.7
17.8
17.8
11.2
9.5
10.3
6.9
7.5
7.2
9.5
10.5
10.0
8.9
9.0
9.0
11.0
11.9
11.5
14.9
16.7
15.8
12.7
11.7
12.2
0.7
.6
.7
0.5
.3
.4
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.1
.8
.9
0.6
.8
.7
1.7
1.9
1.8
5.3
5.2
5.3
7.4
. 7.8
7.6
5.6
5.4
5.5
3.8
3.9
3.9
5.6
5.5
5.6
4.5
4.2
4.4
30.2
27.5
28.8
35.1
33.5
34.3
32.7
31.8
32.2
14.5
15.2
14.8
19.3
17.7
18.5
15.8
15.1
15.4
!«.?
21.8
20.5
11.1
11.9
11.5
9.4
9.2
9.3
23.2
22.7
22.9
13.8
12.6
13.2
12.3
9.3
10.8
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR.. .
2
Avg...
3
AVR . . .
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR . . .
3
AVR .
18.6
17.6
18.1
12.5
13.0
12.8
10.9
11.1
11. 0
19.2
17.1
18.2
16.1
13.5
14.8
12.5
11.6
12.0
7.8
7.3
7.5
5.9
5.3
5.6
6.3
5.9
6.1
11.3
11.0
11.1
8.5
8.2
8.4
7.9
8.8
8.4
7.0
7.6
7.3
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
7.4
7.1
8.7
7.6
8.2
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.9
7.3
7.6
12.4
12.0
12.2
10.9
11.8
11.3
10.4
10.6
10.5
16.9
16.6
16.7
19.0
18.3
18.7
17.9
17.6
17.7
8.8
8.3
8.6
11.0
10.3
10.7
10.8
10.6
10.7
12.0
12.5
12.3
12.9
13.2
13.0
13.5
13.6
13.6
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR . . .
3
AVR . . .
1
AVR . . .
2
AVR . . .
AVR . . .
26.5
26.5
26.5
22.5
24.2
23.4
15.8
16.5
16.2
40.9
24.3
32.6
25.7
17.7
21.7
17.4
13.2
15.3
8.7
8.0
8.4
2.0
1.8
1.9
2.5
2.4
2.5
11.6
9.2
10.4
2.7
2.8
2.8
3.2
3.4
3.3
9.7
8.7
9.2
11.1
10.0
10.6
10.6
9.6
10.1
9.7
10.1
9.9
11.4
10.4
10.9
10.6
10.1
10.4
21.4
16.1
18.7
26.0
20.7
23.3
24.1
18.3
21.2
22.0
23.5
22.8
29.0
24.1
26.5
26.0
23.9
24.9
8.4
7.2
7.8
8.8
6.9
7.8
9.8
7.9
8.9
8.3
9.4
8.8
8.7
11.9
10.3
10.2
11.8
11.0
9.2
9.9
9.5
11.2
10.3
10.8
11.0
10.3
10.7
14.1
14.8
14.4
15.5
16.6
16.0
17.1
16.5
16.8
ENGINE
12.3
9.8
11.0
16.1
10.8
13.5
15.6
10.5
13.0
11.6
13.9
12.7
15.9
20.1
18.0
16.6
18.2
17.4
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.4
2.0
1.6
1.8
1.3
1.3
1.3
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.8
3.9
3.8
3.8
. 4.4
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.5
2.8
1.9
2.3
4.6
3.0
3.8
3.2
2.0
2.6
2.1
2.2
2.2
3.8
3.6
3.7
2.3
2.0
2.1
4.0
4.5
4.3
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.2
4.1
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.7
3.9
3.8
39.6
39.2
39.4
41.1
41.8
41.4
40.3
40.1
40.2
19.7
20.0
19.9
22.0
22.5
22.'3
21.1
20.4
20.8
23.6
34.2
28.9
24.6
40.4
32.5
25.3
40.7
33.0
16.4
17.7
17.0
21.7
20.1
20.9
22.0
20.6
21.3
9.0
9.3
9.1
6.5
6.8
6.7
7.5
8.2
7.9
12.0
12.4
12.2
8.4
8.0
8.2
8.8
9.9
9.3
9.1
9.6
9.4
3.2
2.8
3.0
4.9
4.4
4.6
15.1
10.4
12.8
3.4
3.9
3.7
5.4
6.1
5.8
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests from .1970-1973 vehicles _!/Continued
28
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
vs
V
Olefins
Ethylene | C3"C5
V
Aromatics
1 C +
Benzene | 7
Acetylenes
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR. . .
2
AVR. . .
3
Avi^. . .
AVR. , .
2
AVR...
3
AVR ...
10.0
11.0
10.5
6.99
7.36
7.18
7.76
8.00
7.88
11.1
9.34
10.2
7.25
6.58
6.92
9.37
6.74
8.06
9.4
8.8
9.1
4.9
5.9
5.4
3.9
4.7
4.3
11.6
9.5
10.6
6.6
6.9
6.8
5.4
5.2
5.3
9.0
8.5
8.8
8.7
8.1
8.4
9.9
9.2
9.5
7.9
9.7
8.8
8.4
9.4
8.9
15.5
11.1
13.3
13.7
12.9
13.3
13.5
13.9
13.7
16.7
15.9
16.3
19.6
19.4
19.5
19.4
19.4
19.4
26.5
24.8
25.7
10.5
9.7
10.1
12.1
IV. 5
11.8
9.1
9.1
9.1
12.3
11.6
12.0
15.5
15.0
15.2
9.3
12.2
10.8
10.6
9.2
9.9
11.4
11.3
11.3
9.5
9.1
9.3
13.6
14.2
13.9
17.9
17.9
17.9
13.0
14.1
13.5
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
2.6
2.1
2.3
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.5
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.2
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.0
29.7
34,8
32.2
37.5
37.1
37.3
39.5
40.9
40.2
16.7
19.6
18.1
20.4
19.5
19.9
18.8
20.4
19.6
10.6
9.8
10.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
4.8
4.5
4.7
12.2
10.4
11.3
5.5
6.1
5.8
5.1
5.9
5.5
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
TABLE B-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate tests weighted in
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for 1970-1973 vehicles I/
29
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffins
Methane
vs
V
Olefins
Ethylene
vs
V
Aromatlcs
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR.,
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR..
1.89
1.65
1.83
1.79
2.12
1.33
1.72
-
3.2
2.8
3.0
4.2
6.3
5.3
-
7.3
10.4
8.8
9.9
10.5
10.2
-
16.6
18.3
17.4
26.1
16.0
21.0
-
10.1
9.2
9.6
11.3
16.7
14.0
.
8.6
9.3
9.0
14.2
19.0
16.6
-
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.7
1.1
1.9
.
4.6
4.3
4.5
4.1
4.3
4.2
_
40.7
38.1
39.4
20.5
15.7
18.1
-
6.8
5.6
6.2
7.0
1^.4
8.7
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR..
Indolene clear.
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Ava..
4.45
5.31
4.88
6.27
4.86
5.56
8.3
9.1
8.7
11.7
11.0
11.4
7.5
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
11.8
13.5
12.6
20.8
19.3
20.0
8.7
8.1
8.4
9.3
10.4
9.8
10.0
9.1
9.6
12.0
13.6
12.8
1.4
1.5
1.5
2.2
1.8
2.0
4.9
4.8
4.8
3.7
3.9
3.8
'35. 9
34.5
35.2
18.4
18.1
18.2
11.5
12.2
11.8
14.2
14.1
14.2
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR..
Indolene clear
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR..
3.22
3.23
3.22
3.50
3.59
3,5.4
3.6
3.5
3.6
6.0
6.3
6.1
8.2
8.4
8.3
8.9
8.9
8.9
12.7
12.4
12.5
19.9
19.3
19.6
10.6
10.6
10.6
12.8
13.1
12.9
12.8
12.7
12.7
18.5
18.5
18.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.7
5.0
5.1
5.1
4.1
4.2
4.2
40.1
40.1
40.1
21.3
21.5
21.4
5.6
6.0
5.9
6.8
6'. 4
6.7
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR. .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR..
2.08
2.23
2.16
2.56
2.02
2.29
10.5
11.4
10.9
12.9
12.3
12.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.5
8.2
9.3
8.5
8.9
13.3
14.9
14.1
10.7
10.8
10.8
13.5
13.4
13.5
8.1
8.7
8.4
12.7
13.4
13.0
0.8
.7
.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
6.0
6.0
6.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
32.2
30.3
31.2
16.4
16.0
16.2
14.7
15.9
15.3
17.6
15.9
16.8
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR..
3.56
3.59
3.58
4.20
3.67
3.94
6.6
6.0
6.3
9.1
9.1
9.1
6.9
7.2
7.0
7.8
7.3
7.5
11.2
11.6
11.4
18.2
17.7
17.9
10.3
9.8
10.0
12.8
13.1
13.0
10.5
10.2
10.4
15.5
16.1
15.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.5
1.6
5.4
5.6
5.5
4.3
4.3
4.3
40.5
40.7
40.6
21.2
21.3
21.3
7.5
7.8
7.7
9.4
9.6
9.5
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR. .
5.72
6.00
5.86
7.09
4.76
5.92
3.9
3.5
3.7
5.7
4.8
5.2
10.6
9.6
10.1
10.7
10.2
10.5
24.4
19.0
21.7
26.1
23.9
25.0
8.9
7.2
8.0
8.8
11.1
9.9
15.0
10.5
12.8
14.6
17.9
16.3
3.8
2.5
3.1
3.0
2.8
2.9
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.4
3.5
3.5
24.5
38.9
31.7
20.0
19.5
19.7
5.1
4.9
5.0
7.7
6.3
7.0
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
TABLE B-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon distribution for individual replicate teats weighted in accordance
with the 1975 Federal test procedure for 1970-1973 vehicles IfContinued
30
Fuel
Total HC,
grams/mile
Hydrocarbon distribution, weight percent
Paraffin
Methane
VC5
V
Olefins
Ethylene I C3~C5
V
Aromatics
Benzene
C7+
Acetylenes
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AYR..
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AYR..
2.28
2.27
2.78
2.44
1.99
1.83
1.91
5.2
8.0
-
6.6
6.6
7.7
8.1
7.7
7.0
-
7.3
9.0
9.0
9.0
13.7
11.8
-
12.8
17.8
18.6
18.2
8.9
10.0
-
9.4
13.0
12.7
12.9
9.2
7.9
-
8.6
16.3
15.1
15.7
1.2
1.0
-
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.4
5.2
5.2
-
5.2
4.2
4.5
4.3
40.7
38.9
-
39.8
20.4
20.9
20.6
8.2
10.2
-
9.2
9.4
10.1
9.8
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AYR. .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg..
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AYR . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AYR. .
5.62
4.23
4.92
4.78
6.10
5.44
7.4
7.3
7.4
9.0
8.6
8.8
10.0
8.9
9.4
9.4
9.7
9.5
23.9
16.0
19.9
26.2
28.5
27. 4
7.7
8.0
7.9
9.2
8.4
8.8
9.9
7.8
8.8
10.6
10.7
10.7
3.7
1.9
2.8
2.6
3.1
2.8
3.6
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.4
25.0
36.7
30.9
19.4
17.5
18.5
8.8
9.4
9.1
10.1
-10.0.
10.1
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
2.86
2.73
2.79
2.71
2.64
2.68
4.6
4.7
4.7
5.6
. 5.7
5.6
8.0
8.3
8.1
8.6
9.4
9.0
11.6
11.4
11.5
16.7
16.7
16.7
11.1
10.9
11.0
14.4
14.3
14.4
13.1
13.0
13.1
21.4
21.5
21.4
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
4.2
4.1
4.2
38.2
38.8
38.5
20.3
19.5
19.9
6.8
6.5 .
6.6
7.4
7.4
7.4
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AYR. .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AYR..
2.10
2.22
2.16
2.32
1.92
2.12
5.9
6.4
6.1
, 7.6
7.2
7.4
9.1
8.5
8.8
10.4
9.9
10.1
14.4
14.2
14.3
21.7
20.9
21.3
10.8
10.3
10.6
12.7
13.3
13.0
10.6
10.1
10.3
15.2
15.8
15.5
1.6
1.5
1.6
2.0
1.8
1.9
5.1
5.2
5.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
35.9
37.5
36.7
18.9
19.7
19.3
6.6
6.3
6.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
I/All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
31
APPENDIX C -- DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON EXHAUST HYDROCARBON
REACTIVITY FOR 1970-1973 VEHICLES
TABLE C-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for 1970-1973 vehicles I/
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW
CM
Reactivity
gram of
HEW |
per
HC
GM
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg. . . .
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg ....
7.41
6.55
6.89
6.95
7.91
6.91
7.83
7.55
5.37
4.65
5.18
5.07
8.39
7.77
8.08
8.20
3.33
5.76
7.19
5.82
6.50
45.6
49.2
47.4
63.1
63.6
63.4
51.8
44.2
48.0
41.4
42.5
42.0
57.4
39.1
48.2
53.2
48.0
50.6
2.35
2.44
2.40
2.88
2.86
2.87
2.59
2.26
2.42
2.47
2.47
2.47
2.76
2.96
2.86
2.57
2.42
2.50
1.99
2.20
2.10
2.85
2.90
2.88
2.32
2.18
2.25
2.28
2.38
2.33
3.02
2.62
2.82
2.74
2.61
2.68
0.0511
.0496
.0504
0.0456
.0450
.0453
0.0500
.0511
.0506
0.0597
.0581
.0589
0.0481
.0757
.0619
0.0483
.0504
.0494
0.0436 ,
.0447
.0442
0.0452
.0456
.0454
0.0448
.0493
.0470
0.0551
.0560
.0556
0.0526
.0670
.0598
0.0515
.0544
.0530
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avtt . . . .
2
Avg ....
3
Avg. . . .
1
Avg. . . .
2
Avg ....
3
AVR. . . .
33.5
43.8
38.6
12.4
13.8
13.1
11.4
12.6
12.0
59.2
41.8
50.5
14.5
12.2
13.4
12.4
11.1
11.8
40.9
39.3
40.1
50.4
52.9
51.6
53.6
54.8
54.2
37.8
36.5
37.2
46.0
45.5
45.8
46.6
47.8
47.2
1.51
1.36
1.44
2.65
2.67
2.66
2.65
2.63
2.64
1.22
1.27
1.24
2.60
2.68
2.64
2.54
2.65
2.60
1.44
1.33
1.38
2.42
2.45
2.44
2.49
2.49
2.49
1.32
1.33
1.32
2.50
2.58
2.54
2.52
2.67
2.60
0.0369
.0346
.0358
0.0526
.0505
.0516
0.0494
.0480
.0487
0.0322
.0347
.0334
0.0565
.0589
.0577
0.0545
.0554
.0550
0.0352
.0338
.0345
0.0480
.0463
.0472
0.0464
.0454
.0459
0.0349
.0364
.0356
0.0543
.0567
.0555
0.0541
.0558
.0550
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg ....
14.2
13.8
14.0
12.2
12.4
12.3
10.3
10.4
10.4
15.7
14.6
15.2
13.3
14.3
13.8
10.9
11.1
11.0
53.6
52.4
53.0
55.1
55.2
55.2
53.0
52.0
52.5
47.1
47.2
47.2
47.9
47.8
47.8
46.5
46.1
46.3
2.71
2.70
2.70
3.05
2.99
3.02
2.83
2.75
2.79
2.59
2.64
2.62
2.86
2.84
2.85
2.72
2.76
2.74
2.49
2.46
2.48
2.81
2.79
2.80
2.59
2.54
2.56
2.58
2.55
2.56
2.80
2.81
2.80
2.68
2.69
2.68
0.0506
.0515
.0510
0.0554
.0542
.0547
0.0534
.0494
.0514
0.0550
.0559
.0554
0.0597
.0594
.0596
0.0585
.0599
.0588
0.0464
.0469
.0466
0.0510
.0505
.0508
0.0489
.0488
.0488
0.0548
.0540
.0544
0.0584
.0588
.0586
0.0576
.0584
- .0580
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
32
TABLE C-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for 1970-1973 vehicles I/ Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW | GM
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Ava
2
AVR ....
3
AVR ....
1
AVR ....
2
AVR. .. .
3
AVR ....
11.9-0
11.6
12.7
12.1 /
7.45
8.16
10.4
8.67
8.03
6.83
8.73
7.86
10.9
9.15
10.0
6.60
6.48
6.54
6.42
5.80
6.11
54.9
43.9
52.4
50.4
48.2
47.2
49.4
48.3
55.2
51.4
52.5
53.0
46.3
46.5
46.4
41.8
41.6
41.7
44.2
53.7
49.0
2.29
1.77
2.26
2.11
2.47
2.23
2.37
2.36
2.41
2.34
2.41
2.39
2.19
2.16
2.18
2.49
2.38
2.44
2.44
2.01
2.22
2.15
1.55
2.11
1.94
2.18
2.03
2.11
2.11
2.26
2.10
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.11
2.14
2.35
2.27
2.31
2.31
2.01 -
2.16
0.0417
.0403
.0431
.0417
0.0512
.0472
.0479
.0488
0.0436
.0455
.0459
.0450
0.0473
.0464
.0468
0.0595
.0572
.0584
0.0552
.0374
.0463
0.0391
.0353
.040^
.0382
0.0452
.0430
.0427
.0436
0.0409
.0408
.0413
.0410
0.0470
.0453
.0462
0.0562
.0545
.0554
0.0522
.0374
.0448
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3 .
AVR
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR
30.8
26.9
28.8
10.8
9.54
10.2
31.7
18.6
25.2
27.5
47.0
37.2
8.37
11.3
9.84
27.5
24.9
26.2
46.8
50.0
48.4
41.6
43.2
42.4
61.5
1 57.8
59.6
39.3
47.5
43.4
37.2
38.4
37.8
63.3
59.2
61.2
1.88
1.95
1.92
2.12
2.16
2.14
2.31
2.24
2.28
1.58
1.67
1.62
2.09
2.14
2.12
2.30
2.19
2.24
1.86
1.86
1.86
2.10
1.94
2.02
2.86
2.37
2.62
1.57
1.93
1.75
1.93
2.59
2.26
2.85
2.71
2.78
0.0401
.0390
.0396
0.0509
.0500
.0504
0.0375
.0387
.0381
0.0402
.0351
.0376
0.0561
.0557
.0559
0.0363
.0369
.0366
0.0397
.0372
.0384
0.0504
.0449
.0476
0.0465
.0410
.0438
0.0399
.0406
.0402
0.0518
.0674
.0596
0.0450
.0457
.0454
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVB ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR ....
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR ....
13.7
13.2
13.4
10.3
10.0
10.2
9.12
8.42
8.77
12.0
12.1
12.0
10.3
9.66
9.98
8.38
8.66
8.52
50.3
51.7
51.0
51.7
50.9
51.3
53.4
52.7
53.0
46.2
45.0
45.6
46.1
45.6
45.8
46.0
47.1
46.6
2.56
2.54
2.55
2.91
2.85
2.88
2.82
2.84
2.83
2.73
2.57
2.65
3.05
3.06
3.06
2.83
2.91
2.87
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.67
2.58
2.62
2.64
2.62
2.63
2.66
2.47
2.56
2.95
2.95
2.95
. 2.76
2.88
2.82
0.0508
.0491
.0500
0.0562
.0559
.0560
0.0528
.0538
.0533
0.0590
.0571
.0580
0.0661
.0671
.0666
0.0615
.0617
.0616
0.0475
.0462
.0468
0.0516
.0506
.0511
0.0494
.0497
.0496
0.0575
.0548
.0562
0.0639
.0646
.0642
0.0600
.0611-
.0606
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
33
TABLE C-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975 Federal test
procedure and individual replicate tests for 1970-1973 vehicles I/ Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW | GM
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent.
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
17.6
18.3
18.0
4.78
4.93
4.86
5.73
6.87
6.30
19.9
14.6
17.2
6.34
4.96
5.65
7.59
6.90
7.24
37.1
35.6
36.4
44.0
42.0
43.0
49.0
49.3
49.2
33.1
32.7
32.9
38.0
39.2
38.6
43.0
47.0
45.0
1.44
1.37
1.40
2.18
2.16
2.17
2.10
2.06
2.08
1.37
1.43
1.40
2.18
2.33
2.26
1.97
1.99
1.98
1.26
1.20
1.23
1.87
1.87
1.87
2.17
2.05
2.11
1.28
1.31
1.30
1.93
2.12
2.02
2.09
2.24
2.16
0.0388
.0387
.0388
0.0495
.0514
.0504
0.0428
.0418
.0423
0.0414
.0437
.0426
0.0574
.0594
.0584
0.0458
.0423
.0440
0.0340
.0337
.0338
0.0425
.0445
.0435 N
0.0443
.0416
.0430
0.0387
.0401
.0394
0.0508
.0541
.0524
0.0486 '
.0476
.0481
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg. . . .
1
AVR ....
2
Avg. . . .
3
Avg ....
18.6
17.6
18.1
12.5
13.0
12.8
10.9
11.1
11.0
19.2
17.1
18.2
16.1
13.5
14.8
12.5
11.6
12.0
48.8
48.9
48.8
51.0
51.7
51.4
50.0
50.0
50.0
40.5
40.5
40.5
44.6
44.8
44.7
44.4
43.1
43.8
2.24
2.24
2.24
2.64
2.58
2.61
2.54
2.48
2.51
2.02
2.09
2.06
2.42
2.52
2.47
2.51
2.39
2.45
2.04
2.06
2.05
2.38
2.32
2.35
2.30
2.26
2.28
1.94
2.00
1.97
2.35
2.43
2.39
2.42
2.29
2.36
0.0459
.0458
.0458
0.0518
.0500
.0509
0.0500
.0496
.0498
0.0499
.0516
.0508
0.0543
.0562
.0552
0.0565
.0554
.0560
0.0418
.0421
.0420
0.0467
.0449
.0458
0.0460
.0452
.0456
0.0479
.0494
.0486
0.0527
.0542
.0534
0.0545
.0531
.0538
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR
2
Avg ....
3
Avg
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg
26.5
26.5
26.5
22.5
24.2
23.4
15.8
16.5
. 16.2
40.9
24.3
32.6
25.7
17.7
21.7
17.4
13.2
15.3
47.4
49.0
48.2
60.7
65.5
63.1
57.9
61.6
59.8
41.3
45.1
43.2
59.2
54.7
57.0
52.0
53.2
52.6
2.14
2.10
2.12
3.21
3.12
3.16
3.06
2.95
3.00
1.67
2.09
1.88
3.04
3.29
3.16
2.80
3.01
2.91
2.21
2.05
2.13
3.43
3.14
3.28
3.23
2.91
3.07
1.78
2.15
1.96
3.28
3.48
3.38
2.97
3.14
3.06
0.0451
.0428
.0440
0.0528
.0476
.0502
0.0528
.0478
.0503
0.0404
.0463
.0434
0.0513
.0601
.0557
0.0538
.0565
.0552
0.0466
.0418
.0442
0.0565
.0479
.0522
0.0557
.0472
.0514
0.0430
.0476
.0453
0.0554
.0636
.0595
0.0571
..0590
.0580
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
34
procedure and individual replicate tests for 1970-1973 vehicles I/ Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | CM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW | GM
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg.. . .
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
Avg ....
10.0
11.0
10.5
6.99
7.36
7.18
7.76
8.00
7.88
. 11.1
9.34
10.2
7.25
6.58
6.92
9.37
6.74
8.06
44.2
46.2
45.2
52.0
50.9
51.4
57.3
56.0
56.6
40.4
43.3
41.8
46.0
45.6
45.8
53.0
50.8
51.9
2.05
2.07
2.06
2.74
2.62
2.68
2.71
2.65
2.68
1.96
2.15
2.06
2.77
2.71
2.74
2.44
2.64
2.54
1.91
1.90
1.90
2.57 .
2.45
2.51
2.66
2.53
2.60
2.56
2.11
2.34
2.72
2.65
2.68
2.78
2.74
2.76
0.0463
.0448
.0456
0.0526
.0514
.0520
0.0472
.0471
.0472
0.0485
.0496
.0490
0.0602
.0594
.0598
0.0460
.0519
.0490
0.0432
.0411
.0422
0.0494
.0481
.0488
0.0464
.0451
.0458
0.0633
.0487
.0560
0.0591
.0581
.0586
0.0524
.0539
,.0532
I/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature
-------
TABLE C-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual replicate test weighted in
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure for 1970-1973 vehicles \J
35
Fuel
Total HC,
grams /mile
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity.
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
j?ram of HC
HEW | GM
1972 OLDSMOBILE 98 (CAR 151) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
1.89
1.65
1.83
1.79
2.12
1.33
1.72
-
55.6
55.0
55.3
51.8
42.9
47.4
-
2.67
2.60
2.64
2.63
2.63
2.63
-
2.49
2.54
2.52
2.74
2.53
2.64
.
0.0480
.0473
.0476
0.0508
.0613
.0560
-
0.0448
.0462
.0455
0.0529
.0590
.0560
1971 FORD GALAXIE (CAR 707) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Ave ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg ....
4.45
5.31
4.88
6.27
4.86
5.56
46.3
45.7
46.0
41.2
40.9
41.0
2.09
1.94
2.02
1.77
1.89
1.83
1.95
1.84
1.90
1.80
1.91
1.86
0.0451
.0424
.0438
0.0429
.0462
.0446
0.0421
.0402
.0412
0.0436
.0466
.0451
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avs ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR
3.22
3.23
3.22
3.50
3.59
3.54
54.2
53.7
54.0
47.4
47.2
47.3
2.91
2.86
2.88
2.76
2.78
2.77
2.67
2.64
2.66
2.71
2.72
2.72
0.0537
.0532
.0534
0.0582
.0589
.0586
0.0493
.0492
.0492
0.0572
.0576
.0574
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR. . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
2.08
2.23
2.16
2.56
2.02
2.29
41.2
40.0
40.6
36.6
37.7
37.2
1.77
1.73
1.75
1.74
1.83
1.78
1.61
1.55
1.58
1.64
1.76
1.70
0.0430
.0432
.0431
0.0475
.0485
.0480
0.0391
.0388
.0390
0.0448
.0467
.0458
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 595) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
3.56
3.59
3.58
4.20
3.67
3.94
50.1
50.5
50.3
43.4
43.2
43.3
2.49
2.46
2.48
2.32
2.37
2.34
2.26
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.27
2.26
0.0497
.0487
.0492
0.0534
.0549
.0542
0.0451
.0442
.0446
0.0518
.0525
.0522
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
36
TABLE C-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual replicate test weighted In
Fuel
accordance with the 1975 Federal test procedure
for 1970-1973 vehicles I/ Continued
Total HC,
grams /mile
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | CM
Reactivity per
Rram of HC
HEW
GM
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) WITH A 400-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
5.72
6.00
5.86
7.09
4.76
5.92
55.9
59.6
57.8
50.7
51.2
51.0
2.84
2.77
2.80
2.44
2.84
2.64
3.01
2.76
2.88
2.62
2.96
2.79
0.0508
.0464
.0486
0.0481
.0554
.0518
0.0538
.0463
.0500
0.0516
.0578
.0547
1970 VOLKSWAGON (CAR 365) WITH A 1,600-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR . . .
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
2.28
2.27
2.78
2.44
1.99
1.83
1.91
51.8
47.0
50.8
49.9
43.7
45.5
44.6
2.37
2.11
2.35
2.28
2.39
2.25
2.32
2.19
1.90
2.12
2.07
2.29
2.17
2.23
0.0457
..0448
.0462
.0456
0.0546
.0494
.0520
0.0422
.0404
.0417
.0414
0.0524
.0476
.0500
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) WITH A 2,300-CC ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
5.62
4.23
4.92
4.78
6.10
5.44
50.3
49.9
50.1
46.4
47.6
47.0
2.10
2.11
2.10
1.96
1.94
1.95
2.29
2.04
2.16
2.09
2.33
2.21
0.0417
.0422
.0420
0.0422
.0407
.0414
0.0455
.0408
.0432
0.0450
.0489
.0470
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
.22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg ....
2.86
2 73
2.79
2.71
2.64
2.68
51.7
51.5
51.6
46.1
45.8
46.0
2.79
2.76
2.78
2.91
2.89
2.90
2.58
2.54
2.56
2.83
2.80
2.82
0.0539
.0535
.0537
0.0631
.0631
.0631
0.0499
.0493
.0496
0.0613
.0611
.0612
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
Avg ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
2.10
2.22
2.16
2.32
1.92
2.12
50.9
50.7
50.8
46.1
46.2
46.2
2.52
2.46
2.49
2.43
2.52
2.48
2.38
2.30
2.34
2.68
2.51
2.60
0.0495
.0485
.0490
0.0527
.0545
.0536
0.0467
.0453
.0460
0.0581
.0543
.0562
_!/ All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
37
APPENDIX D -- DATA ON THE INFLUENCE OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON EXHAUST
HYDROCARBON REACTIVITY FOR PROTOTYPE LOW EMISSION SYSTEMS
TABLE D-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of
the 1975 Federal test procedure and individual repli-
cate tests for prototype low emission systems \/
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | CM
Reactivity per
gram of HC
HEW
GM
1972
OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR
WITH A BASE-METAL
403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVK ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR ....
1
AVR ....
2
AVR . . . ;
3
Avg....
2.29
3.08
2.32
2.56
0.57
.69
.67
.64
1.19
1.29
1.12
1.20
2.63
4.13
4.17
3.64
0.72
.70
.71
. .71
1.83
1.52
1.59
1.65
43.8
43.6
44.1
43.8
38.1
41.0
33.2
37.4
42.2
41.3
42.2
41.9
40.3
42.3
37.1
39.9
37.7
35.9
34.4
36.0
41.0
40.9
40.6
40.8
2.26
2.02
2.32
2.20
2.24
2.27
2.45
2.32
1.93
1.83
2.06
1.94
2.10 .
1.85
1.57
1.84
2.24
2.36
2.24
2.28
1.82
1.88
1.85
1.85
2.23
2.04
2.24
2.17
1.79
1.94
2.10
1.94
1.75
1.68
1.82
1.75
2.09
1.89
1.44
1.81
1.88
1.99
1.83
1.90
1.73
1.79
1.76
1.76
0.0516
.0463
.0526
.0502
0.0588
.0554
.0738
.0627
0.0457
'.0443
.0488
.0463
0.0521
.0437
.0423
.0460
0.0594
.0657
.0651
.0634
0.0444
.0460
.0456
.0453
0.0509
.0468
.0508
.0495
0.0470
.0473
.0632
.0525
0.0415
.0407
.0431
.0418
0.0519
.0447
.0388
.0451
0.0499
.0554
.0532
.0528
0.0422
.0438
.0433
.0431
1971 FORD
LTD (CAR 810)
WITH ESSO
WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic
(7202)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
Avg....
1
AVR ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
1.69
2.99
2.15
2.28
0.09
.03
.06
.06
0.30
.39
.65
.45
0.71
1.48
1.09
1.09
0.08
.09
.04
.07
0.34
.53
.46
.44
38.6
52.4
49.9
50.0
20.8
39.4
19.4
26.5
43.7
47.3
40.8
43.9
35.7
49.5
40.2
41.8
69.6
36.5
51.6
52.6
40.5
40.5
41.6
40.9
1.48
2.04
1.78
1.77
0.175
.699
.144
.339
2.01
2.12
1.85
1.99
1.65
1.69
1.42
1.59.
2.43
1.03
2.15
1.87
2.07
2.12
1.84
2.01
1.58
2.35
2.11
2.01
0.152
.611
.123
.295
1.79
2.11
1.66
1.85
1.65
2.23
1.68
1.85
2.29
1.27
1.75
1.77
1.90
2.22
1.88
2.00
0.0383
.0389
.0357
.0376
0.00841
.0177
.00742
.0112
0.0460
.0448
.0453
.0453
0.0462
.0341
.0353
.0385
0.0349
.0282
.0417
.0349
0.0511
. .0523
.0442
.0492
0.0409
.0448
.0423
.0427
0.00730
.0155
.00634
.00971
0.0410
.0446
.0407
.0421
0.0462
.0450
.0418
.0443
0.0329
.0348
.0339
.0342
0.0469
.0548
.0452
.0490
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
38
TABLE D-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual bags of the 1975
Federal test procedure and individual replicate tests for
prototype low emission systems I/Continued
Fuel
Bag
number
Total HC,
grains /test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
f>ram of HC
HEW
GM
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR
3.79
3.12
2.67
3.19
1.12
.92
.86
.97
1.22
1.15
1.10
1.16
2.34
2.04
2.46
2.28
0.97
.90
.89
.92
1.56
1.50
2.18
1.75
48.6
44.4
44.9
46.0
33.5
30.0
30.0
31.2
37.2
37.4
35.8
36.8
38.4
35.7
41.6
38.6
30.2
28.5
28.0
28.9
34.0
33.2
37.2
34.8
2.15
1.92
2.00
2.02
1.35
1.06
1.07
1.16
1.58
1.52
1.46
1.52
1.78
1.67
1.90
1.78
1.23
.970
.930
1.04
1.46
1.44
1.44
1.45 -
2.36
1.32
2.15
.1.94
1.30
1.04
1.04
1.13
1.52
1.48
1.45
1.48
1.98
1.79
2.08
1.95
1.30
1.00
.968
1.09
1.56
1.50
1.58
1.55
0.0442
.0432
.0445 .
.0440.
0.0403
.0353
.0357
.0371 .
0.0425
.0406
.0408
.0413
0.0464
.0468
.0457
.0463
0.0407
.0340
.0332
.0360
0.0429
.0434
.0387
.0417 .
0.0486
.0297
.0479
.0421
0.0388
.0347
.0347
.0361
0.0409
.0396
.0405
.0403
0.0516
.0501
.0500
. .0506
0.0430
.0351
.0346
.0376
0.0459
.0452
.0425
.0445
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
Avg
1
AVR ....
2
AVR
3
AVR ....
5.41
4.50
3.99
4.63
1.52
1.70
1.19
1.47
3.49
2.90
3.66
3.35
4.55
4.03
3.76
4.11
1.50
1.64
1.49
1.54
4.71
4.73
4.13
4.52
46.5
45.3
43.9
45.2
37.0
33.6
32.6
34.4
47.8
46.7
48.2
47.6
37.9
39.3
39.2
38.8
25.9
32.9
33.0
30.6
51.2
50.0
46.9
49.4
1.82
1.80
1.74
1.79
1.24
1.03
.979
1.08
1.64
1.53
1.62
1.60
1.50
1.58
1.44
1.51
0.789
1.10
1.05
.980
1.59
1.52
1.44
1.52
1.85
1.81
1.75
1.80
1.21
1.03
.962
1.07
1.87
1.74
1.91
1.84
1.65
1.69
1.57
1.64
0.806
1.25
1.09
1.05
2.14
2.06
1.87
2.02
0.0391
.0397
.0396
.0395
0.0335
.0306
.0300
.0314
0.0343
.0328
.0336
.0336
0.0396
.0402
.0367
.0388
0.0305
.0334
. .0318
.0319
0.0310
.0304
.0307
.0307
0.0398
.0400
.0399
.0399
0.0327
.0306
.0295
.0309
0.0391
.0372
.0396
.0386
0.0435
.0430
.0400
.0422
0.0311
.0380
.0330
.0340
0.0418
.0412
.0399
.0410
See footnotes at end of table.
-------
39
TABLE D-l. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual- bags of the 1975
Fuel
Federal test procedure and individual replicate tests for
prototype low emission systems I/ Continued
Bag
number
Total HC,
grams/test
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole o HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity
gram of
HEW |
per
HC
GM
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
Avg ....
2
Avg ....
3
AVR ....
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR
4.11 '
3.89
5.64
4.55
0.17
.15
^_ -I5
.16
1.89
2.16
1.74
1.93
2.79
3.78
3.84
3.47
0.11
.14
.11
.12
2.66
3.29
2.69
2.88
44.2
45.0
49.5
46.2
39.0
40.9
28.6
36.2
48.4
56.2
54.4
53.0
39.8
43.8
44.3
42.6
33.2
32.5
35.5
33.7
54.2
58.4
60.2
57.6
2.19
2.19
2.11
2.16
1.92
1.90
.989
1.60
2.03
2.15
2.13
2.10
2.32
2.26
2.29
2.29
1.41
1.33
1.64
1.46
1.89
2.21
2.31
2.14
2.15
2.34
2.30
2.26
1.50
1.71
.778
1.33
2.23
2.55
2.47
2.42
2.40
2.57
2.59
2.52
1.08
1.06
1.28
1.14
2.90
3.17
3.20
3.09
0.0495
.0487
.0426
.0469
0.0492
.0464
.0346
.0434
0.0419
.0382
.0392
.0398
0.0583
.0516
.0517
.0539
0.0425
.0409
.0462
.0432
0.0349
.0378
.0384
.0370
0.0495
.0520
.0465
.0493
0.0385
.0418
.0272
;0358
0.0461
.0454
.0454
.0456
0.0603
.0587
.0585
.0592
0.0325
.0326
.0360
.0337
0.0535
.0543
.0532
.0537
1970 CHEVROLET
WITH GEM MONEL NCv,
IMPALA (CAR
REDUCTION
58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic
(7221)
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic
(7203)
1
AVR ....
2
AVR ....
3
AVR ....
1
Avg ....
2
AVR ....
3
Avg
1.90
3.11
2.21
2.41
0.69
.57
.80
.69
0.89
.84
1.00
.91
2.34
3.29
2.40
2.68
0.83
.77
.94
.85
1.03
1.02
.94
1.00
34.2
41.0
32.5
35.9
25.2
27.4
22.8
25.1
27.6
28.2
28.6
28.1
34.2
31.0
32.6
21.6
22.2
21.9
25.8
24.8
25.3
1.15
1.50
1.10
1.25
0.555
.935
.452
.647
0.531
.577
.572
.560
1.23
1.16
1.20
0.442
.388
.415
0.420
.421
.420
1.13
1.54
1.06
1.24
0.608
1.15
.627
.795
0.536
.576
.562
.558
1.31
1.18
1.24
0.438
.392
.415
0.467
.441
.454
0.0336
.0366
.0338
.0347
0.0220
.0341
.0198
.0253
0.0192
.0205
.0200
.0199
0.0360
.0374
.0367
0.0205
.0175
.0190
0.0163
.0170
.0166
0.0330
.0376
.0326
.0344
0.0241
.'0420
.0275
.0312
0.0194
.0204
.0196
.0198
0.0383
.0381
.0382
0.0203
.0176
.0190
0.0181
.0178
.0180
I/All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
TABLE D-2. - Exhaust hydrocarbon reactivity for individual replicate tests weighted
Fuel
in accordance with 1975 Federal test procedure for prototype low
Total HC,
grams/ mile
emission systems I/
Average
molecular
weight
of HC
Hydrocarbon reactivity
Reactivity per
mole of HC
HEW | GM
Reactivity per
Rram of HC
HEW |
GM
1972 OLDSMOBILE DELTA 88 (CAR 403) WITH A 455-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH A BASE-METAL OXIDATION CATALYST AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
0.30
.37
.31
.33
0.39
.45
.45
.43
41.7
42.3
39.8
41.3
39.7
40.4
37.3
39.1
2.16
2.03
2.30
2.16
2.06
1.98
1.79
1.94
1.96
1.91
2.08
1.98
1.92
1.89
1.61
1.81
0.0518
.0480
.0578
.0525
0.0519
.0490
.0480
.0496
0.0470
.0452
.0523
.0482
0.0484
.0468
.0432
.0461
1971 FORD LTD (CAR 810) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH ESSO RAM REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear I,
35 percent
aromatic (7202)
Avg ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR ....
0.13
.21
.18
.17
0.08
.14
.10
.11
36.5 '
51.2
44.1
43.9
40.0
45.1
41.2
42.1
1.35
.443
1.64
1.14
1.85
1.75
1.59
1.73
1.38
2.24
1.78
1.80
1.78
2.12
1.76
1.89
0.0370
.00865
.0372
.0276
0.0462
.0388
.0386
.0412
0.0378
.0438
.0404
.0407
0.0445
.0470
.0427
.0447
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 333) WITH A 360-CLD ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
Avg
0.46
.39
.35
.40
0.38
.35
.43
.39
40.2
37.2
36.7
38.0
33.9
32.2
35.2
33.8
1.71
1.49
1.49
1.56
1.47
1.33
1.39
1.40
1.78
1.25
1.53
1.52
1.59
1.39
1.51
1.50
0.0425
.0400
.0406
.0410
0.0434
.0413
.0395
.0414
0.0443
.0336
.0417
.0399
0.0469
.0432
.0429
.0443
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 724) WITH A 351-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR
0.78
.70
.67
.72
0.82
.81
.73
.79
44.0
41.1
42.0
42.4
38.0
41.0
40.0
39.7
1.59
1.42
1.46
1.49
1.27
1.40
1.31
1.33
1.66
1.48
1.57
1.57
1.51
1.68
1.52
1.57
0.0361
.0345
.0348
.0351
0.0334
.0341
.0327
.0334
0.0377
.0360
.0374
.0370
0.0397
.0410
.0380
.0396
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 775) WITH A 360-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH THE ETHYL LEAN REACTORS AND EGR
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
''2 percent
aromatic (72031
Avg ....
0.40
.41
.48
.43
0.38
.49
.44
.44
45.2
48.7
49.2
47.7
46.0
49.6
50.1
48.6
2.12
2.16
2.03
2.10
2.07
2.18
2.27
2.17
2.13
2.37
2.23
2.24
2.56
2.75
2.77
2.69
0.0469
.0443
.0413
.0442
0.0450
.0440
.0453
.0448
0.0471
.0487
.0453
.0470
0.0556
.0554
.0553
.0554
1970 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 58) WITH A 350-CID ENGINE AND EQUIPPED
WITH GEM MONEL NO^ REDUCTION CATALYSTS AND PLATINUM OXIDATION CATALYSTS
Typical clear II,
40 percent
aromatic (7221)
AVR ....
Indolene clear,
22 percent
aromatic (7203)
AVR
0.27
.32
.31
.30
0.32
.37
.34
.34
29.0
33.9
27.5
30.1
27.8
25.8
26.8
0.754
1.11
.706
.857
0.765
.659
.712
0.768
1.19
.761
.906
0.806
. .671
.738
0.0260
.0327
.0257
.0281
0.0275
.0255
.0265
0.0265
.0351
.0277
.0298
0.0290
.0260
.0275
tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature.
-------
41
APPENDIX E DATA ON COMPARISON OF MBTH AND. DNPH METHODS FOR ALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS
(DATA ARE EXPRESSED AS GRAMS/MILE ON THE BASIS OF THE
1972 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE) II
Fuel
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic
(7221)
AVR
Indolcne clear,
12 percent aromatic
(7203) AVR
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic
(7221) Ava
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic
(7203) AVR
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic
(7221) AVR
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic
(7203) AVR
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic
(7221) AVR
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic
(7203) AVR
Typical clear II,
40 percent aromatic
(7221) AVR
Indolene clear,
22 percent aromatic
(7203) AVR
MBTH
1972 OLDS 98 (CAP
0.14
.11
.14
.13
0.12
.12
.12
1971 FORD CALAXIE
0.16
.13
.14
0.16
.17
.16
DNPH
151) - 455 CID
0.17
.16
.18
.17
0.18
.17
.18
CAR 707) - 351 CID
0.21
.20
.20
0.14
.20
.17
1972 FORD TORINO (CAR 769) - 351 CID
0.085
.079
.082
0.082
.082
.082
0.096
.12
.11
0.10
.098
.10
1970 PONTIAC (CAR 400) - 400 CID
0.27
.21
.24
0.25
.28
.26
0.36
.40
.38
0.34
.32
.33
1973 FORD TORINO (CAR 146) - 351 01 D
0.16
.15
.16
0.14
.16
.15
0.17
.18
.18
0.18
.19
.18
MBTH
1970 VOLKSWACON (
0.070
.064
.080
.071
0.086
.077
.082
DNPH
:AR 365) - i.eoo cc
0.10
.12
.14
.12
0.091
.102
.096
1971 PLYMOUTH FURY III (CAR 76) - 360 CID
0.20
.15
.18
0.12
.16
.14
0.22
.23
.22
0.19
.18
.18
1971 'CHEVROLET IMFALA (CAR 595) - 350
0.15
.14
.14
0.13
.13
.13
CID
0.17
.16
.16
0.16
.14
.15
1971 CHEVROLET VEGA (CAR 68) - 2.300
0.083
.083
.083
0.085
.11
.098
CC
0.087
.11
.098
0.12
.12
.12
1973 CHEVROLET IMPALA (CAR 110) - 350
0.23
.18
.20
0.18
.19
.18
CID
0.34
.23
.28
0.26
.21
.24
\J All tests were conducted at 75° F ambient temperature. Data include oil replicate tests.
------- |