Prepublication issue for EPA libraries
and State Solid Waste Management Agencies
ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE PRACTICES,
RUBBER AND PLASTICS INDUSTRY
Appendices
This report (SW-l63c.4) describes work performed
for the Office of Solid Waste under contract no. 68-01-3194
and is reproduced as received from the contractor.
The findings should be attributed to the contractor
and not to the Office of Solid Waste.
Copies will be available from the
National Technical Information Service
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, Virginia 22161
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
1978
-------
This report was prepared by Foster D. Shell, Inc., Florham Park,
New Jersey, under Contract No. 68-01-3194.
Publication does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor
does mention of commercial products constitute endorsement by the
U.S. Government.
An environmental protection publication (SW-163c.4) 1n the solid waste
management series.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDICES
Appendix Title
A Program Methodology
B Protocols Used And Results
Obtained In Analysis Of Waste
Stream Samples
Hazardous Waste Contractors And
Service Organizations
Detailed Definition Of The Plastics
And Rubber Industry SICs 282 and 30
111
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APPENDIX A PROGRAM METHODOLOGY
The approach selected to assess industrial hazardous waste
practices in the rubber and plastics industry centered around three
major tasks:
Data collection
Data analysis and application of economic
modeling techniques
Definition of potentially hazardous waste.
Each of these elements are discussed below. Overall study
logic is provided in Exhibit A-l, at the end of the appendix,
followed by a task definition in Exhibit A-2.
1. DATA COLLECTION
As noted in Volume I Executive Summary, the data
requirements for this study were obtained essentially from four
sources.
Review of published information
Data collected during our previous work for
government agencies on the rubber and plas-
tics industry
Information obtained from trade association
participation
Information obtained from personal contact
and visits to the various plants and corpor-
ate offices of companies classified in
the industry and to waste disposal firms
handling hazardous wastes.
Of the above information sources, direct industry contacts
proved to be most useful in providing the detailed data require-
ments. Because almost all facilities visited varied significantly
in the manner in which wastes were generated and disposed of, the
same questions could not be asked of all the individuals contacted.
Instead, questions were tailored for each situation.
However, as a guide to the types of questions and probes
used to collect data, a data acquisition form is provided as
Exhibit A-3, following Exhibit A-2.
A-l
-------
As can be seen from Exhibit A-3, industry representatives
were generally asked questions regarding:
Plant type, size, locations, etc.
Processing methods
Waste stream generation
Waste properties
Treatment and disposal methods
Costs for treatment and disposal of potentially
hazardous wastes.
In addition, the representatives were asked if they would
supply the Study Team with waste samples for analysis in our
laboratories. The results of the sampling program are described
in Appendix B .and in the body of the report.
Exhibit A-4, following Exhibit A-3, tabulates significant
production processes used in SICs 282 (Plastic Materials and
Synthetic Industry) and SIC 30 (Rubber Production Industry).
As presented by the exhibit, there are approximately 100 com-
mercially significant processes. During the data collection
phase of this study, more than 60 field trips were made. A
field trip is defined as a visit to a plant site. However,
in many cases, visits were actually made to a plant complex
using more than one major process. Therefore, processes
observed significantly exceeded field trips completed and
provided coverage of most relevant processes in use at the
time of the study. Exhibit A-5, following Exhibit A-4,
provides a breakdown of contacts by groups visited. In addition,
to the field trips, between 200 and 250 telephone calls were
made to industry representatives to supplement data.
Exhibit A-6, following Exhibit A-5, provides the distribu-
tion of waste samples obtained and analyzed. Note that the purpose
of the spot sampling program was to provide evidence of the reli-
ability of assumptions made concerning the general composition
of the wastes and the concentrations of related components.
A-2
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2. DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis generally involved:
Definition of processes used to manufacture
materials
Estimate of waste streams and wastes gener-
ated from each unit operation by waste type
and quantity
Classification of wastes into non-hazardous
and potentially hazardous categories
Determination of waste disposal methods, their
adequacy and their costs
Estimating the quantity of potentially hazardous
wastes to be disposed of by state and EPA regions
and nationwide for the year 1974, 1977 and 1983.
Estimates of potentially hazardous wastes to be disposed of
on a geographic basis were made by:
Developing hazardous waste factors (as the
weight of hazardous waste per weight of
product produced) for a typical process
type in a representative plant.
Multiplying these factors by the volume of
production in a given geographic area.
Adding wastes produced by geographic area to
arrive at national numbers.
Current production values and plant location were obtained
from data, industry-supplied information, other published litera-
ture and professional judgments.
To obtain projections of potentially hazardous wastes to be
disposed of in the years 1977 and 1983 industry production was
estimated through a computer-based economics model, known as
INFORUM Interindustry Economic Research Project of the Uni-
versity of Maryland.
The INFORUM model uses input-output (I/O) analysis to
make long-term forecasts of the American economy. I/O analysis
is based on the concept that the outputs on production of one
industry can be translated into inputs or consumption in other
industries. The model uses 200 industry groupings or sections
to cover the entire economy.
A-3
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The modeling process involves an estimation of consumption,
investment, employment and export and import functions for each
sector, using, various alternative scenario assumptions about
government expenditures, cost of capital, import/export restric-
tions and various technological developments. The forecasts
proceed year-by-year for a decade into the future.
The value of wastes is estimated from the projected value
(deflated to constant dollars) of material consumption and final
production in each industry for selected years and from the
waste generation factors calculated for typical processes. Based
on an anlysis of projected versus actual production and consumption
as actual data becomes available, it is known that the INFORUM
model provides a reasonably accurate means for estimating economic
conditions.
A-4
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3. DEFINITION OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS WASTES
Under the time and budgetary constraints of the project, it
was, of course, impossible to carry out detailed original toxi-
cological, chemical, biological and other investigations to deter-
mine the potential hazard from the literally thousands of chemical
substances in these industries which may become wastes. Instead,
we relied on several published sources which are compendia of
much of the required information. These sources are:
Reference 1 Dangerous Properties of
Industrial Materials (4th Ed.) N. Irving Sax,
Van Nostrand New York: Reinhold Company, 1974.
Reference 2 Clinical Toxicology of
Commercial Properties (3rd Ed.) Gleason,
Gosselin, Hodge and Smith, Baltimore: The
Williams & Wilkins Co., 1969.
Reference 3 A Study of Hazardous Waste
Materials, Hazardous Effects and Disposal
Methods, Booz, Allen Research, Inc., United
States Environmental Protection Agency (Contract
#68-03-0032), Cincinnati, Ohio: 1972.
The following paragraphs detail the parameters which were used
in determining if a waste as defined in the study may be potentially
hazardous.
3.1 Toxic Substances Were Defined On The Basis Of Oral
Toxicity
The following toxic effects may occur in an acute form
or chronic form or both, and may jeopardize the health and
welfare of humans and the safety and propagation of terrestrial
or aquatic life forms:
Oral toxicity
Inhalation toxicity
Dermal penetration toxicity
Dermal irritation reaction
Aquatic toxicity
Phytotoxicity.
For the pupose of this study, oral toxicity was accepted
as the basis for defining a toxic substance because much more
data is generally available to support published conclusions
based on this parameter.
A-5
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References 1 and 2 above were chosen as the primary
sources determining if the wastes contain toxic materials.
Two works were chosen for use because many substances needed
to be categorized.
The most serious deficiency of the literature for
the purposes of the project is that it is nearly all occu-
pationally or laboratory oriented. The result is that
toxic effects documented are responses to higher concentrations
than levels which may be expected to accrue from deposition
of relatively small quantities of these substances in land-
fill. Since few epidemiological facts are available, infor-
mation developed on the basis of occupational or laboratory
exposure was substituted.
The two references selected as our primary toxicological
data base use different scales for rating a substance's
toxicity:
Exhibit A-7, following Exhibit A-6,
presents the toxicity rating scale
for Reference 1.
Exhibit A-8, following Exhibit A-7,
presents the scale for Reference 2.
In the determination of a waste constituents' toxicity,
a conservative approach was chosen, since information contained
in the reference may be based on more unknown factors than
known ones. Therefore, any substance having a toxicity rating
2 (moderate) or above including U (unknown) in Reference 1;
and 3 (moderate) and above, in Reference 2, was considered
toxic in the context of this study. Wastes containing such
substances in either the pure form or combined with other
materials were considered potentially hazardous.
3.2 The Potential For Flammability, Explosivity And
Reactivity/Corrosivity Of The Wastes Was Ranked
Human health and welfare, as well as animal and vege-
tation, may be exposed to hazardous situations involving
flames and/or explosions caused by some substances. Other
adverse effects may occur as a result of rapid or violent
chemical reactions of substances. Flame, explosion or
reactions produce heat which causes many compounds to
emit highly toxic fumes or to react more vigorously with
oxidizing materials. Some compounds can react rapidly
with ground water, for example, to produce toxic or
flammable vapors. Acids may be produced by reactions,
and heat generated by flame or reaction may itself be a
serious hazard to many ecosystems.
A-6
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Just as there are levels of toxicity, there are
degrees of flammability, explosivity and reactivity. To
judge the potential hazard of the wastes in terms of these
factors,-we relied heavily on Reference 3 where many sub-
stances have been ranked as to their potential hazard
capacity in this area.
In addition, information contained in the other two
references was taken into account. Also, any waste substance
with a flash point of 38°C (100°F) .or higher (as measured
by the Tag Open Tester), where known, were deemed potentially
hazardous. This is the limit which has been made by the
Department of Transportation to designate hazardous flammable
solvents which require a red warning level.
The hazards rating criteria for flame explosion and
reaction/corrosion in soil from Reference 3 is presented in
Exhibit A-9, following Exhibit A-8. Any waste containing
substances having a rating above 2 (moderate hazard) includ-
jng U (unknown) was considered to be potentially hazardous.
If any constituent of a waste stream met the criteria
described above as hazardous for any of the categories, the
waste was considered potentially hazardous. Spot sampling
of the waste (described in Appendix B) was used to confirm
assumption on the presence of potentially hazardous compon-
ents in the wastes.
A-7
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EXHIBIT A-l
STUDY LOGIC
L ANALYSES TO BE PERFORMED-
II. WASTE DISPOSAL PRACTICE-
RUBBER AND PLASTICS INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRY CHARACTERIZATION; TASK 1
WASTE CHARACTERIZATION
AND SCREENING: TASK 2
TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
TECHNOLOGY CHARACTERIZATION;
TASK 3
COST ANALYSIS OF DISPOSAL
TECHNOLOGY; TASK 4
oo
Notei- (1) Wastes destined for release
to air or water at plant site
are viewed to be outside
the scope of thli study.
(2) Includes industry waste quantifi-
cation on state and national levels.
(wet and dry basis)
Source; Snell review and analysis of study
requirements.
Wastes Destined For Land Disposal*1) <2>
. Wastes whose physical properties are
typified by
solid
. liquid
- sludge phases
. Wastes directly generated from manu-
facturing processes
. Wastes produced by air or water pollution
control procedures
HAZARDOUS WASTES
Especially those containing;
asbestos, arsenic, beryllium,
cadmium, chromium, copper,
cyanides, lead, mercury,
halogenated hydrocarbons,
pesticides, selenium, zinc
and carcinogens, including
those which are radioactive.
I
DESIRED OUTPUTS
INDUSTRY DESCRIPTION
- Plants and locations
Distribution of number of flrms and plants
Distribution of plant rite as a function
of employees
Manufacturing process distribution
- Location distribution
- Age distribution
Product line
METHODS OF WASTE TREATMENT
AND DISPOSAL
POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS
WASTES
I.e., those which might be
suspected to cause a reaction
and form a hazardous substance.
WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS INCLUDING:
Burial: deeper surface
Chemical and biological
detoxification
Lagoonlng
Recovery and reuse
Deep well injection
. Mine disposal
. Open burning
. Incineration
. Open dumping
. Combinations of
the above
. Ocean dumping
Detailed waste description and
disposal methodology
- Process changes necessitated by
reduction in hazardous waste
production
- Levels of proficiency for disposal based
on survey
.'. Level I - techniques presently
employed
,. level n - best technology
currently employed
.. Level HI» technology necessary
to provide adequate
health and environmental
protection = developing
technology beyond Level n
COSTS OF ADEQUATE DISPOSAL
- Investment costs
- Operating costs
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EXHIBIT A-2
TASK DEFINITION
Task Description
1. Industry Characterisation
2. Waste Characterization and Screening
2.1 . Develop material balance around each 4 digit SIC sector and engineering material balances for the individual processes
of commercial significance *wlOO
2.9 . Develop hazardous materials priority list by process based on the substances Identified in 2.1 and review with Project Officer
2.8 . Rank processes for potential for production of wastes destined for land disposal
I 2.4 . Develop priority decision model to screen out 20 processes (for budget purposes) for detailed studies in Tasks 3 and 4s
vo
Use the following parameters
.. Hazard potential related to materials consumed based on Task 2.2
.. Process potential for producing wastes destined for land disposal, based on Task 2.3
.. Prevalence, based on Task 1, related to output, number of plants and average size
Assign scores to these parameters and aggregate with hazard potential given highest weight
The higher the aggregate score, the higher the priority
The 20 processes with the highest scores will be studied In depth after the Project Officer's approval
2.5 . Develop detailed engineering material balances and definition of practices around the 20 processes to be studied further
and characterize wastes using sampling and analysis where required
8. Treatment and Disposal Technology Characterization for the 20 Priority Processes from Task 2
4. Cost Analysis of Disposal Technology for the 20 Priority Processes from Task 2
Source: Foster D. Snell Inc.
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EXHIBIT A-3(l)
CONDENSED INTERVIEWEE FORM
DATA .ACQUISITION FORM
For
EPA Contract No. 68-01-3194
Assessment Of Industrial Hazardous Waste Practices
In The Rubber And Plastics Industry
Foster D. Snell, Iric. is conducting this survey to provide data base
regarding:
What process.industrial wastes are generated (industrial
waste is defined as any waste other than direct
emissions to air or water effluents, where air and
water treatment residues and other solids or liquids
destined for land disposal are included) .
In what quantities and from what specific process
steps are these wastes generated.
How they are treated and disposed of.
Points of contacts in responding to the attached data acquisition inquiry are:
Mr. Joel M. Kushnir, Survey Coordinator or
Mr. Stephen F. Nagy, Research Director
Foster D. Snell, Inc.
Hanover Road
Florham Park, New Jersey 07932
(201)-377-6700
Name/Title of Contact .
Company Address/Phone Number
Snell Interviewer Date
Visit Phone Interview
A-10
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EXHIBIT A-3(2)
1. BRIEF PROCESS DESCRIPTION
a. Products
b. Plant Location and Age
c. Plant Capacity/Average Capacity Use
d. Major Process Steps (including receiving and
shipping)
e. Material Balances (emphasizing solid waste
generation)
2. WASTE GENERATION RATES BY OPERATION
Source
a
b
c
Type of Waste
Quantity
(Per Unit Of Production)
3. WASTE CHARACTERIZATION (see list on next page and fill
in appropriate data)
Source/Type
of Waste
a
b
c
Physical
Characteristics
Chemical
Characteristics
Sampling(Ask if they would let us visit. Can we take represen-
Comments tative samples? Note possible arrangement).
A-ll
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EXHIBIT A-3(3)
CHECKLIST FOR PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL ANALYSIS DATA
General
Chemical
Physical Categories Specific Chemicals
Plants
Rubber
4. ON-SITE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL PRACTICES
Treatment Are There
Type of Waste/ And/Or Disposal Alternate Cost
Source Technology Used Methods? Capital* Operating Maintenanc«
a
b
c
Overall (Ask for comments on operating procedures, personnel
training, etc.)
*Indicate year of investment.
5. OFF-SITE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL PRACTICES*
Treatment Are There
Type of Waste/ And/Or Disposal Alternate Cost
Source Technology Used Methods Capital** Operating Maintenance
a
b
c
Overall (Enter general comments here)
* Please note whether plant or private contractor is removing,
treating or disposing the wastes.
**Indicate year of investment.
6. TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL SERVICE EVALUATION
Who is contractor?
Why was he chosen?
What does he do with your wastes? (Type of facility:
municipal or sanitary landfill, etc.)
Do you have criticism of his procedures?
7. OPINION ON CONTROL LEVELS I, II, AND III (Ask by type of waste
and control technology;include cost factors)
Level I - Prevalent Treatment and Disposal Practices
Level II Best Available Disposal Practices
Level III Environmentally Adequate Disposal Practices
Trends Are you looking into alternate methods? Do you
expect an increase or decrease in wastes to be disposed of
due to process changes, local regulations, etc.?
8. WHO ELSE SHOULD WE CONTACT?
Thank you
A-12
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EXHIBIT A-4(l)
TABULATION OF SIGNIFICANT PROCESSES
IN SICs 282 AND 30
SIC
Industry
Plastics Materials and Resins
/MM
Synthetic Rabbet (vulcanlt-
able elastomers)
Cellulosic Man-Made nbers
Organic nbers,
Noo-Cellulostc
Tires and Inner Tubes
The Major Categories
From Which 20 Processes
Win Be Screened
For Tasks 8 and 4 Study
. Thermosetting
Alkydi
Polyesters
- Phenolic and other
tar resins
- Arnlno resins
. Thermoplastics
- Polyethylene and
copolymers
Polypropylene
Styrene resins
Vinyl resins
- Others*3*
. S-type rubber
. Butyl rubber
. Stereo polybutadiene
elastomers
. OthersP)
. Rayon
. Acetate fibers
. Nylon
. Acrylic and Modacrylic
. Polyester
. Tires
. toner Tubes
Comments
Candidates listed in this
category represent 89$ of
all tbermosetting plastics
and resin materials produced
in 1972.
Candidates listed in this
category represent 77$ of
all thermoplastics produced
in 1972.
These study candidates
represent 67$ of 1973
domestic synthetic rubber
production.
Approx. H0.
Of Commercially
Significant Processes
40
15
5
10
Industries classified under SICs
3011, 3021, 3031 and 3069
probably have a lower relative
hazard potential In their wastes
compared to the others on the
list.
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EXHIBIT A-4(2)
H
it*
3081
Rubber Footwear
3031
3069
Reclaimed Rubber
Fabricated Rabbet Products
N.E.C. (Including plaidc
note and belting, SIC 3041)
The Major Categories
Prom Which 80 Piocssui
Will Be Screened
For Talks 8 and 4 Study
. Canvas footwear
. Waterproof footwear
Comments
Approx. No.
Of Commercially
Significant Processes
Reclaimed rubber
Rubber and plastics belts
. Wattes produced by indus-
tries clarified in SICs 3011.
3021 and 3069 are similar.
Compounding ingredients
are the likely potential
hazards In their watte streams.
The digester process Is the major
process in this SIC, representing
46.6°fo of production volumn in
1973.
Rubber hose and tubing
Sponge and foam rubber goods
Rubber floor and wall
covering
Mechanical rubber goods.
n.e.c.«>
Rubber heels and soles
Druggist and medical sundries
Other rubber goods, n.e.c/ '
Fabricated rubber products,
n.e.c., n.s.k.* *
TOTAL*6)
20
103
Notes;
(1) Bated on Snell experience with, previous study projects on the rubber and plastics Industry.
(2) Based on responses obtained from telephone interview campaign. Visits will be to those plants in a position to provide meaningful
Information as assessed by the telephone interviews.
(3) These will be studied only if they are shown to produce especially hazardous wastes.
(4) These classifications are "catchalls" for a wide variety of miscellaneous products. By and large, the major process found here is molding.
(5) Of the iota] telephone toaiviewt to be made 20% will be of industry organizations, 10% will be of waste disposal firms and the remainder
of the industries themselves. Approximately 10 visits will be to industry organizations, S to disposal firms and 70 to plants.
Source: Foster D. Snell, Inc.
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EXHIBIT A-5
DISTRIBUTION OF FIELD
TRIPS COMPLETED
Group Visited
. Plants (1)
SIC 2821
SIC 2822
SIC 2823
SIC 2824
SIC 3011
SIC 3031
SIC 3041
SIC 3069
. Waste Disposal Facilities
. Industry Associations
. Government Agencies
Totals
Field Trips
Allocated
20
12
6
6
6
3
4
5
5
10
0
70
10
85
Field Trips
Performed
19
13
2
7
8
1
4
10
10
9
5
64
10
_9
_5
88
(1) A'field trip is defined as a visit to a plant site. However, in many cases
visits were actually made to a plant complex where more than one major
process exists. Therefore, processes observed exceeded field trips
completed.
(2) Associated with the field trips were between 200 and 250 telephone calls
to industry representatives for obtaining appointments and data.
Source: Foster O. Snell, Inc.
A-15
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EXHIBIT A-6
WASTE SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS BY STANDARD
INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION (SIC)
Hunter Of
SIC Number of Samplci Obuiaad Sample* Analysed
2621 8 6
2822 4 4
2823 2 2
2824 16 9
SOU 4 4
8021 2 2
3031 3 3
8041 4 4
-5- JL
To«i 48 39
NOTE: The sampling program provides spot evidence of the reliability of assumptions
made concerning the general composition of the wastes and the concentrations
of selected components.
Soagca: Fertar D. tort. *«
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EXHIBIT A-7
TOXIC HAZARD RATING SCALE FOR
REFERENCE 1
Toxicity
Rating Definition
0 NONE: (a) No harm under any conditions (b) Harmful
only under unusual conditions or overwhelming dosage.
1 SLIGHT: Causes readily reversible changes which
disappear after end of exposure.
2 MODERATE: May involve both irreversible and reversible
changes not severe enough to cause death or permanent
injury.
3 HIGH: May cause death or permanent injury after very
short exposure to small quantities.
U UNKNOWN: No information on humans considered valid
by authors.
Source: Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 4th Ed.
N. Irving Sax, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
New York, 1974.
A-17
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EXHIBIT A-8
TOXIC HAZARD RATING SCALE FOR
REFERENCE 2
Toxicity
Rating
Definition
Practically non-toxic
Slightly toxic
Probable Lethal Dose (Human)
Mg/Kg For 70 Kg Man (150 Ibs)
above more than 1 quart
15 gm/Kg
5-15
between 1 pint and 1 quart
Moderately toxic
Very toxic
Extremely toxic
Super toxic
500 - 5 between 1 ounce and 1 pint
(or lib.)
50 - 500 between 1 teaspoonful
and one ounce
5-50 between 7 drops and
1 teaspoonful
less than 5 a taste (less than 7 drops)
Source: Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products (3rd Ed),
Gleason. Gosselin, Hodge and Smith, The Williams 6
Wilkins Co.. Baltimore. 1969.
A-18
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EXHIBIT A-9
FLAME, EXPLOSION AND REACTION/
CORROSION HAZARD RATING SCALE
FOR REFERENCE 3 (In Soil)
FER/C
Rating
U
Definition
MINIMAL: Generally stable substances. Very limited
potential for reaction or combustion. No toxic fumes
or vapors associated with any reactions or combustions
that may occur.
MODERATE: Can readily undergo violent chemical change
with rapid release of energy. but will not detonate explo-
sively or react violently except under very special circum-
stances such as heating under confinement. Can ignite
and burn rapidly or react to produce harmful, though not
lethal, vapors and fumes if exposed to modest increase of
temperature or if moisture is encountered.
SEVERE: Readily capable of detonation and explosive
decomposition or reaction at normal ambient temperatures
and pressures. Will detonate as result of mechanical shock
or local thermal shock. Reacts readily with own oxides
or with other oxidizing materials. Can ignite spontaneously
and/or react violently if exposed to moisture in soil.
Ignition or reaction can produce lethal vapors, fumes, etc.
Unknown
FER/C = Flame, Explosion and Reaction/Corrosion
Source: A Study of Hazardous Waste Materials. Hazardous Effects and
Disposal Methods. Booz, Allen Applied Research, United States
Environmental Protection Agency (Contract #68-03-0032),
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1972.
A-19
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APPENDIX B PROTOCOLS USED AND RESULTS OBTAINED IN ANALYSIS
OF WASTE STREAM SAMPLES
This appendix presents the protocols used and the results obtained in
the analysis of waste stream samples generated by the rubber and plastics
industry. Spot samples were taken under the supervision of Sneil personnel
at the points of generation of the wastes.
1. ANALYTICAL PROTOCOLS
The detailed protocols are presented in the following paragraphs with
reference to standard tests where warranted.
(1) Total Solids
The test was performed in accordance with the "Standard Methods
For the Examination of Water and Waste Water", APHA, 13th Edition.
1971, pp. 288-290.
(2) Water Content
By Toluene Distillation Method adopted from "Official
Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists".
12th Edition, 1975, p. 129.
(3) Ash Residue
The sample is weighed into a porcelain crucible and ashed on
a Meeker Burner at 600°C. After ashing, the residual weight is deter-
mined and the percent ash calculated. The residue is used for
emission spectroscopy semi-quantitative determination.
(4) Emission Spectroscopy
A known amount of the ashed material is intimately mixed with
100 mg. of carbon powder followed by addition of 3 ml. of aqua regia
All of the material is evaporated to dryness and gently ignited. The
resulting mixture is transferred to an electrode and D.C. arced tc
completion. A series of standards in a carbon matrix are run along
with the sample and semi-quantitative results are obtained for each
element employing a Jarrel-Ash Model 3.4 Meter Ebert Emission
Spectrograph. The results are then calculated fx-om known standards
and are expressed in semi-quantitative manner.
B-l
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(5) Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
The samples are digested with nitric acid, filtered and the fil-
trate diluted with water. The resulting solution is then aspirated into
the flame of an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Known standards
are used for calibration of the instrument and for quantitative deter-
mination of the element in question.
(6) Organic Chlorides
The Parr Bomb Oxygen Combustion method followed by micro-
coulometry is employed for the determination of organic chlorides.
(7) Phenols
The determinations are performed in accordance with
Method D. for phenols in "Standard Methods for the Examination of
Water and Waste Water", APHA. 13th Edition, 1971, pp. 507-508.
(8) Vinyrchloride Monomer (VCM)
There is no official method for this determination and recently
possible interferences from acetaldehyde, resulting from copolymeri-
zation of VCM and vinyl acetate, has been reported. The protocol
used by Foster D. Snell is as follows:
Solid Samples A representative portion of the sample is ground to a
fine powder. Two grams of this powder is digested for 6 hours with
40 ml of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The digestion product is centri-
fuged and the supernatant subjected to gas chromatographic analysis
under the following conditions: The gas chromatograph is a Perkin-
Elmer 900. The column is 8' x 1/8" O.D. packed with 20% DC 550. The
carrier gas is nitrogen flowing at 30 ml/min. The column is operated at
60°C until emergence of THF. The temperature is then raised to
150°C and held for 10 minutes, and then lowered slowly.
Calculations A standard is prepared containing 0.5 x 10~^ micro-
grams of vinyl chloride monomer in THF . A 5 1 inj ection at an
attenuation factor of 1 x 4 gives a peak height of 120 mm with a retention
time of 0.75 minutes.
The peak height of the extracts, corrected for the appropriate atten-
uation factor, is used to determine the sample concentration.
B-2
-------
2. ANALYTICAL RESULTS
The analytical results for the waste samples obtained from the plant visits
and tested by Foster D. Snell, Inc. are presented in the attached Tables.
TABLE B-l Tests performed on waste samples
obtained from plants in SIC 282, Plastic Materials
and Synthetics Industry.
TABLE B-2 Tests performed on waste samples
obtained from plants in SIC 30, Rubber Products
Industry.
B-3
-------
TABLE B-l
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF WASTE SAMPLES
OBTAINED IN SIC 282, PLASTIC MATERIALS
AND SYNTHETICS INDUSTRY
Product
Isoprene
Nylon 6-6
SBR
SB!*3*
Chlorinated Poly-
ethylene
Chlorinated Poly-
ethylene
Polyvinyl Acetate
Nylon 6-6
Nylon 6-6
Nylon 6-6
Polyisoprene
Phenolic Resins
i
Chlorinated Poly-
ethylene
Chlorinated Poly-
ethylene
Polyvinyl Chloride
Waste Description
Incinerator Ash
Warehouse Sweepings
Plant Sweepings
Catalyst Sludge
Spent Alumina(4)
Incinerator Ash
Floor Washes
Product Waste
Biological Sludge
(Irrigation)
Biological Sludge
Waste Nylon Salt
Wastewater Sludge
Phenolic Residue
Filter (New)
Used Filter
Reactor Waste (Emulsion)
A«ML
57.9
4.8
57.5
13.2
77.5
92.5
-
m
Trace
Trace
Trace
1.1
64.2
2.8
As j^ ja Co Cr
ED E
E
D E
F E
CD C
D E
E
F
F E
E C
E C
F
D C C
E E
Cu
E
F
E
E
E
D
E
F
F
F
E
E
F
D
D
Mn_
D
E
D
E
D
B
E
F
F
F
D
F
Mp_ JM_
E D
F E
' D
C
E
E E
E
D
D
D E
F D
i ^on
Pb
E
E
E
F
D
E
F
F
E
E
A
E
item -«
Sb Sn JV Zn Hjf2
E D 0.1
F E 0.4
D 1.2
1.8
E 0.4
E E D 2.1
E E 0.4
_
E 0.4
F 0.5
0.1
E 0.2
-
m
i.e*<5)
D C
E C
'«?>
16
15
4.0
3.0
1.5
185
1.0
1.5
5.0
1.0
1.5
.
-
Organic
CA*' Cl Other
0.9
1.0
> 5 1750
0.4
0.2
3.4
0.1
.
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
210 Phenols «
8.84$
-
-
VCM<*
35 ppm
0.4
0.1
Aery lie-Modacry lie Wastewater Sludge
Polyester Sludges
Polyester Dust Collector Dust
Polyester Floor Sweepings
(1) file results are semi-quantitative except where noted otherwise, and are coded as follows, on an "as is" basis:
A = >105 ppm } B = 10*-10S ppm ; C ° 108-10* ppm ; D => 10^-103ppm ; E * 10-100 ppm ; F » 1-10 ppm ; Blank =<1 ppm.
(2) By atomic absorption in ppm.
(3) This corresponds to a highly proprietary variant of the product/process and may not be typical of the more conventional processes.
(4) From Butadiene drying columns.
(5) Chemical Assay.
Source: Foster D. Snell, Inc.'
-------
TABLE B-2
ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF WASTE SAMPLES
OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS PLANTS IN SIC 30, RUBBER
PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
Main
Plant Product
Tire
Tire
Tire
Footwear
Footwear
Footwear
Reclaim
Reclaim
Hose
Belt
Belt
Hose
Misc. Rubber
Misc. Rubber
Misc. Rubber
Misc. Rubber
Misc. Rubber
Waste Description
Dust from collector
Floor sweepings
Wet dust collector sludge
Warehouse sweepings #1
Warehouse sweepings #2
Compounding room
sweepings
Used NSW reclaim oil
Virgin NSW reclaim oil
Scrap yam
Skivings
Discard fiber
Scrap trim
Warehouse sweepings
Dust collectors
Reject stock
Flashings
Waste oils
Water
Soluble
(ft)
1.21
0.76
0.10
1.27
1.85
4.84
X
X
0.38
0.57
1.03
1.41
0.95
1.57
1.29
0.21
X
Water
Content
(ft)
.
-
NA
NA
NA
NA
90ft
Oft
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Oft
Ash ft
57.1
96
10.4
57
68
53.2
3.7
.08
0.37
15.7
3.1
1.9
58.5
34.3
39.4
42.4
0.28
As B
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Ba
D
D
C
C
C
E
C
C
C
C
Co
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
E
Cr
E
E
E
E
E
C
E
E
E
E
Cu
E
E
E
D
E
D
E
E
E
E
E
Mn
D
E
D
D
E
C
E
D
D
E
E
i content*
Mo Ni
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
E
Pb
D
D
E
D
D
C
E
D
D
D
D
Sb Sn
E
E
E
E
E
D
D
E
E
V Zn Hg*2)
E B
E C
C
E C
E C
B 0.5
0.5
C
C
C
D
1.0
0.7
B
B
D 0.1
Pb^ Co*2' Cl
(organic)
72 2.5 612
3.8 1.0 580
1.0 0.6 450
15 2.5
3.8 1.0
NA = Not Applicable X - Not Performed
(1) The results arc semi-quantitative except where no:
A = >105 ppm ; D = 104 - 10 ppm ; C = 103 -
(2) By atomic adsorption in ppm.
noted otherwise, and are coded as follows, on an "as is" basis:
D = 102 - 103 ppm ; E = 10-100 ppm ; Blank = < 10 ppm
A
10 ppm
Source.- Foster D. Snell, Inc.
-------
APPENDIX C HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTRACTORS AND SERVICE
ORGANIZATIONS
Table C-l, beginning on the following page, is a list of hazardous
waste contractors and service organizations available to the rubber and
plastics industry. The table provides the following information:
Name of organization
Address
Type of service provided.
C-l
-------
TABLE C-l
(1)
IDENTIFIED HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTRACTORS
AND SERVICES OFFERED
i
to
Company
REGION I
The Crago Company, Inc.
Safety Projects and Engineering, Inc.
Silresim Chemical Corp.
Motuvate Laboratories, Inc.
Eastern Smelting and Refining
REGION II
Cheni Trol Pollution Services, Inc.
Chemical Waste Disposal Corp.
Frontier Cltemical Waste Process, Inc.
Pollution Abatement Services
Recycling Laboratories
Modem Transportation Co.
Cltemical Control Corp.
Astro Pak
Mariscl lac.
Scientific Inc.
Rollins Environmental Services
'Scientific Chemical Processing, Inc.
Chemical Waste Disposal, Inc.
Cacss Environmental Services, Inc.
National Converters, Inc.
. REGION in
Rollins Environmental Services
American Recovery Corp.
American Recovery Corp.
Pottstown Disposal Service
Siildn Metal Industries, Inc.
die m-Line
U.S. U«dlities Corp.
Liquid V.a?u: Disposal of Virginia
Address
P.O. Box 409, Gray. ME
3 Maiden St. WestQuiney, MA
86 Tanner St., Lowell, MA
270 Talbot Ave., Dorchester, MA
37 Bubier St., Lynn, MA
1550 Balner Road, Model City, NY
4219 19th Ave., Astoria, NY
4626 Royal Ave., Niagara Falls. NY
East Seneca St. Oswego, NY
112 Harrison Place, Syracuse, NY
75 Jacobs Ave., 'Kearny. NJ
23 South Front St., Elizabeth, NJ
1056 Route 1, Edison. .NJ
125 Factory Lane, Middlesex, NJ
17 East Second St., Scotch Plains, NJ
Bridgeport, NJ
216 Patterson Plank Rd., Carlstadt, NJ
2550. Front St., Elizabeth, NJ
253 River Drive. Passaic, NJ
420 Chestnut St., Union, NJ
One Rollins Plaza, Wilmington, DE
2001 BenUll Ave., Baltimore. MD
901 Recovery Road, Baltimore, MD
Route 20, Sell Road, Pottstown, PA
P. O. Box 708, Lewistown, PA
P.O. Box 545, Phoenixville. PA
407 Mall Circle Dr., Monroeville, PA
4822 Cnaniherlagnc Ave., Richmond, X
VA
CT
X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
NE BI
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
x.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
J\ A
X
X
X X
PR OR FS FU AS CS IN
,
XX X
X
X
X X X X XX
X
XXX X
X
X X
X X
XXX X
X
X X
X X X X X
X X
x
X
X
LA
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
TABLE C-l (2)
I
eo
Company
REGION IV
Liquid Waste Disposal, Inc.^
Nuclear Engineering Co., inc.
Petioltte Cotp.
Destructo-Chemway Coip.
Wasteplex, Inc.
Browning-Ferris Industries
Lanham Waste Control Inc.
REGION V
Address
CT NE
BI
Chem Met Services
Environmental Waste Control, Inc.
Liquid Disposal Company
Nelson Chemicals Co.
Prenco Manufacturing Co.
Pollution Controls Corp.
Erieway Pollution Control
Koski Construction Co.
Systems Technology Corp.
Hyon Waste Management Services
Nuclear Engineering Co., Inc.
Waste Management, Inc.
American Recovery Corp. -
Conservation Chemical Company
Seymour
American Chemical Service
Approved Chemical Treatment
Ohio Liquid Disposal, Inc.
Chem-Line
Browning-Ferris of Ohio
Rodgers Laboratories
Waste Research and Reclaimatlon
Company, Inc.
Chem Dyne Corp.
P.O. Box 19063. Louisville, KY X X
Box 7246, Louisville, KY X
CalvertCity, KY site X
P. O. Box 667, Cason St., Belmont, NC X X
P. O. Box 396, Jamesboro, TN XX
Georgia, BFIslte XX
Georgia, BFI site X* X
18550 Allen Road, Wyandotte. MI X X
26705 Michigan Ave.. Inkster, MI X X
3901 Hamblin Road, Utica, MI X
12345 Schaefer Highway, Detroit. MI X ' X
Stephenson Hwy, Madison Heights, Ml
1821 University Ave.,St. Paul.MN X
33 Industry Drive, Bedford, OH XX
5841 Woodman Ave., Ashtabula, OH X X
Baxter Road, Franklin, OH X
11700 Stony Island Ave.,Chicago,IL X X
Ohio Nuclear Site
900 Jorie Blvd., Oak Brook, IL X X
Riley Rd., East Chicago, IL X
Box 6066, Gary, IN XX
500 North Broadway, Seymour, IN X
P.O. Box 190, Griffith, IN X
3755 Linden Ave., Grand Rapids, MI X X
504 Liberty Street, Fremont, OH X X
Box F, Lisbon, OH XX
1901 So.-Pine St., Warren, OH X X
413 So. 6th St., Milwaukee, WI X X
Route 3, Eau Claire, WI X X
230 Northland Blvd.,Cincinnati,OH X X
X
X
PR
X
X
X
X
Service to Industry*"'
OR FS FU AS
cs
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
IN
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
LA
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
RR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
TABLE C-l (3)
O
i
Company
REGION VI
Rollins Environmental Services
U.S. Pollution Control, Inc.
Dioecology Systems, Inc.
Browning-Ferris Inc.
Malone Service Company
Petroll te Corp.
Sonic International
Texas Ideologists, Inc.
Texas liquid Disposal Co.
Sheridan Disposal Service, Inc.
REGION VII
Conservation Chemical Co.
Monsanto Corp.
Findett Corporation
Wheeling Disposal Services
BF1 of Kansas City, Inc.
REGION VIII
Denvcit Clean-Up Services, Inc.
REGION IX
Casmalia Disposal Site
Chancellor and Ogden. Inc.
Environmental Protection Corp.
Fresno County Dept, of Public Works
Hollister Disposal Site
Industrial Tank Co.
County of I.os Angeles Site
Palos Verdes Landfill
Calahasa Landfill
Oniar 'tenderlm*, Company
Richmond !-";;r.itaiy Service
Srx Pie/o OOUHY Site
Address
Baton Rouge, LA, Rollins Site
5024 South Quaker, Tulsa OK
4100 East Jefferson, Grand Prarie, TX
300 Fannin Bank Bldg., Houston.TX
P.O. Box 709, Texas City, TX
Box 2546, Houston, TX
P. O. Box 47088, Dallas, TX
Robston, TX
511 West Texas, Midland, TX
Box 42, llempsted, TX
215 W. Perilling Rd., Kansas City. MO X
800 North Lindbergh, St. Louis, MO
Elm Point Rd.. St. Charles, MO X
1805 So. 8th St., St. Joseph, MO X
Kansas City, MO, BFT Site X
3001 Walnut Street. Denver, CO
P.O. Box 5275, Santa Barbara, CA
3031 East 1 Street, Wilmington, CA
1801 Oak St., Baketsfield, CA
4499 E. Kings Canyon Rd., Fresno CA
Hollister. CA
210 Berellesa St., Mardney, CA
1955 Workman Hill Rd., Whittier.CA
P.O. Pox 1236, Chula Vista, CA X
1224 Ncvin Rd., Richmond, CA X
5555 Overland Road, San Diego, CA
CT
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X "
NE BI
X X
X
X X
X X
X
X X
X
X
X
- service to ,
PR OR FS
X X
1
X X
XXX
X
X
X
inausny ....
FU AS CS IN
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
LA
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
X
X
RR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
-------
TABLE C-l (4)
Company
REGION IX (continued)
Ventura Cty.Dept. of Public Works
Nuclear Engineering Co., Inc.
liquid Waste Management
Roberts liquid Disposal
REGION X
O
en
Wes Con, Inc.
Chemical Processors, Inc.
Nuclear Engineering Co,, Inc.
Resource Recovery Corp.
Western Processing Co., Inc.
Address
597 East Main St., Ventura. CA
Box 156, San Ramon, CA
9100 De Gormo, Sun Valley, CA
14708 Studebaker Rd., Norwalk.CA
245 Third Ave. E., Twin Falls, ID
5501 Airponway, So.,Seattle, WA
Beatty, NV, Nuclear Engineering Site X
5501 Airponway, So., Seattle, WA
7215 South 196th St., Kent, WA X
CT ME BI
X
X
X
X
X
PR OR BS FU AS CS IN LA
X
X
X
X
X
XXX
X
x x
RR
X
X
(1) Abbreviation Code:
CT Collection and Transport
ME Neutralization
BI Biological
PR Precipitation
OR Oxidation-Reduction
FS Floculation- Sedimentation
FU Filtration
AS Ammonia Stripping
CS Carbon Sorptton
IN Incineration
LA Landfill
RR Resource Recovery
Source! Foster D. Snell, Inc.
-------
Appendix .D. DETAILED DEFINITION OF THE PLASTICS AND RUBBER
INDUSTRY - SICs 282 AND 30
Exhibits D-l through D-9 present a detailed definition
for each of the industry segments of SIC 282 and SIC 30.
D-l
-------
EXHIBIT D-l(l)
DEFINITION OF SIC 2821
SIC 2821 PLASTICS MATERIALS. SYNTHETIC RESINS, AND NONVULCANIZABLE
ELASTOMERS
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic resins,
plastics materials, and nonvulcanizable elastomers. Important products of
this industry include: cellulose plastic materials; phenolic and other tar
acid resins; urea and melamine resins; vinyl resins; styrene resins; alkyd
resins; acrylic resins; polyethylene resins; polypropylene resins; rosin
modified resins; coumarone-indene and petroleum polymer resins; and mis-
cellaneous resins including polyamide resins, silicones, polyisobutylenes,
polyesters, polycarbonate resins, acetal resins, fluorohydrocarbon resins;
and casein plastics. Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing
fabricated plastics products or plastics film, sheet, rod, nontextile mono-
filaments and regenerated cellulose products, and vulcanized fiber are
classified in Industry 3079. whether from purchased resins or from resins
produced in the same plant. Establishments primarily engaged in compounding
purchased resins are also classified in Industry 3079. Establishments primar-
ily manufacturing adhesives are classified in Industry 2891.
Acetal resins
Acetate, cellulose (plastics)
Aciyllc resins
Aery lonitrile-butadiene-sty rene resins
Alcohol resins, polyvinyl
Alkyd resins
AUylrcshs
Butadiene copolymers, containing less
than 50<$ butadiene
Carbohydrate plastics
Casein plastics
Cellulose nitrate resins
Cellulose propionate (plastics)
Coal tar resins
Condensation plastics
Coumarone-indene resins
Cieiol-furfural resins
Cresol rains
Dlcyandiamlne resins
Dlisocyanate resins
Elastomers, nonvulcanizable (plastics)
Epichlorohydrin bisphenol
Epichlorobydrin diphenol
Epoxy resins
Ester gum
Ethyl cellulose plastics
Ethylene- vinyl acetate resins
Fluorohydrocarbon resins
Ion exchange resins
lonomcr resins
Isobutylene polymers
Ugnin plastics
Melamine resins
Methyl acrylate resins
Methyl cellulose plastics
Methyl methacrylate resins
Molding compounds, plastics
Nitrocellulose plastics (pyroxylin)
Nylon resins
Petroleum polymer resins
Phenol-furfural resins
Phenolic resins
Pbenoxy resins
phthalic alkyd resins
Phtbalic anhydride resins
Polyacrylonitrilc resins
Polyamide resins
Polycarbonate resins
D-2
-------
EXHIBIT D-l(2)
Polyesters
Polyethylene resins
Polyhexamethylenediarnine adipamide reMns
Polylsobuiylenes
Polymerization plastics, except fibers
Polypropylene resins
Polystyrene resins
Polyurethane resins
Polyvinyl chloride resins
Polyvinyl halide resins
Polyvinyl resins
Protein plastics
Pyroxylin
Resins, phenolic
Resins, synthetic: coal tar and non-coal ur
Rosin modified resins
Silicone fluid solution (fluid for sonar transducers)
Silicone resins
Soybean plastics
Styrene resins
Styrene-acrylonltrile resins
Tar acid resins
Urea resins
Vinyl resins
Source: 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-3
-------
EXHIBIT D-2
DEFINITION OF SIC 2822
SIC 2822 SYNTHETIC RUBBER (VULCANIZABLE ELASTOMERS)
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic rubber
by polymerization or copolymerization. An elastomer for the purpose of this
classification is a rubber-like material capable of vulcanization, such as
copolymers of butadiene and styrene, or butadiene and acrylonitrils, poly-
butadienes , chloroprene rubbers, and isobutylene-isoprene copolymers.
Butadiene copolymers containing less than 50% butadiene are classified in
Industry 2821. Natural chlorinated rubbers and cyclized rubbers are con-
sidered as semifinished products and are classified in Industry 3069.
Aciylate type rubbers
Acrylate-butadiene robbers
Acrylic rubbers
Adiprene
Butadiene-aerylonltrlle copolymers
(over 50% butadiene)
Butadiene rubbers
Butadiene-stymie copolymers
(over SQfy butadiene)
Butyl rubber
Chlorinated rubbers, synthetic
Chloroprene type rubbers
Chloroculfonated polyethylenes
Cyclo rubbers, synthetic
EPDM polymers
Elastomers, vulcanizable
(synthetic rubber)
Epichlotohydrin elastomers
Estane
Ethylene-propylenc rubbers
Fluoro rubbers
Fluorocarbon derivative rubbers
Hypalon
Isobutylene-isoprene rubbers
Isocyanate type rubber
Isoprene rubbers, synthetic
Neoprene
Nitrile-butadiene rubbers
Nltrile-chloroprene rubbers
Nitrile type rubber
N-type rubber
Polybutadienes
Polyethylenes, cblorosulfonated
Polyisobutylene-isoprene elastomers
Poryisbbutylene (synthetic rubber)
Polymethylene rubbers
Polysulfides
Pyddlne-butadiene copolymers
Pyridine- butadiene rubbers
Rubber synthetic
Sllicone rubbers
S-type rubber
Stereo regular elastomers
Styrene-butadlene rubbers
(50
-------
EXHIBIT D-3
DEFINITION OF SIC 2823
SIC 2823 CELLULOSIC MAN-MADE FIBERS
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing cellulosic fibers
(including cellulose acetate and regenerated cellulose such as rayon by the
Viscose or cuprammonium process) in the form of monofilament, yarn, staple
or tow suitable for further manufacturing on spindles, looms, knitting machines
or other textile processing equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing textile glass fibers are classified in Industry 3229.
Acetate fibers
Cellulose acetate monofilamem. yam,
staple, or tow
Cellulose fibers, man-made
Cigarette tow, cellulosic fiber
Cuprammonium fibers
Fibers, cellulose man-made
Fibers, rayon
Horsehair, ardclficial; rayon
Nitrocellulose fibers
Rayon primary products: fibers, straw,
strips, and yam
Rayon yar, made in chemical plants
(primary products)
Regenerated cellulose fibers
Triacetate fibers
Viscose fibers, bands, strips, and yarn
Yam, cellulosic: made in chemical
plants (primary products)
Source:
1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-5
-------
EXHIBIT D-4
DEFINITION OF SIC 2824
SIC 2824 SYNTHETIC ORGANIC FIBERS. EXCEPT CELLULOSIC
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing synthetic organic
fibers. except cellulosic (including those of regenerated proteins, and of
polymers or copolymers of such components as vinyl chloride, vinylidene
chloride, linear esters. vinyl alcohols, acrylonitrile, ethylenes, amides,
and related polymeric materials)in the form of monofilaraent. yarn, staple
or tow suitable for further manufacturing on spindles, looms, knitting machines
or other textile processing equipment. Establishments primarily engaged in
manufacturing textile glass fibers are classified in Industry 3229.
Acrylic fibers
Aciylonitdle fibers
Arddex fibers
Casein fibers
Elastoinedc fibers
Fibers, man-made: except cellulosic
Fluorocarbon fibers
Horsehair, artificial: nylon
linear esters fibers
Modacrylic fibers
Nylon fibers and bristles
Olefin fibers
Organic fibers, synthetic: except
cellulosic
Polyester fibers
Polyvinyl ester fibers
Polyvinylidene chloride fibers
Protein fibers
Saran fibers
Soybean fibers ( man-made textile
materials)
Vinyl fibers
Vinylidene chloride fibers
Yam. organic man-made fiber
except cellulosic
Zein fibers
Source: Tne 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual.
D-
-------
EXHIBIT D-5
DEFINITION OF SIC 3011
SIC 3011 TIRES AND INNER TUBES
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing pneumatic casings,
inner tubes, and solid and cusion tires for all types of vehicles, airplanes,
farm equipment, and children's vehicles; tiring; and camelback, and tire
repair and retreading materials. Establishments primarily engaged in
retreading tires are classified in Industry 7534.
Camelback for tire retreading Tires, cushion or solid rubber
Inner tubes; airplane, automobile, Tiring, continuous lengths: rubber,
bicycle, motorcycle, and tractor with or without metal core
Pneumatic casings (rubber tires)
Tire sundries and tire repair materials.
rubber
Source: 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-7
-------
EXHIBIT D-6
DEFINITION OF SIC 3021
SIC 3021 RUBBER AND PLASTICS FOOTWEAR
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing all rubber and
plastics footwear, waterproof fabric upper footwear, and other fabric upper
footwear having rubber or plastic soles vulcanized to the uppers. Establish-
ments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber, composition, and fiber
heels, soles, soling strips, and related shoemaking and repairing materials
are classified in Industry 3069; plastic soles and soling strips in Industry 3079.
Arctics, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Boots, plastics
Boots, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Canvas shoes, rubber soled
Footholds, rubber
Footwear, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Gaiters, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Galoshes, plastics
Galoshes, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Overshoes, plastics
Overshoes, rubber or rubber soled fabric
Pacs: rubber or rubber soled fabric
Sandals, rubber
Shoes, plastics soles molded to fabric uppers
Shoes, rubber or rubber soled fabric uppers
Shower sandals or slippers, rubber
Source:
1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-8
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EXHIBIT D-7
DEFINITION OF THE RECLAIMED
RUBBER INDUSTRY SIC 3031
SIC 3031 RECLAIMED RUBBER
Establishments primarily engaged in reclaiming rubber from scrap
rubber tires. tubes, and miscellaneous waste rubber articles by processes
which result in devulcanized, depolymerized or regenerated replasticized
products containing added ingredients. These products are sold for use as
a raw material in the manufacture of rubber goods with or without admixture
with crude rubber or synthetic rubber. Establishments primarily engaged
in the assembly and wholesale sale of scrap rubber are classified in trade
industries.
i
Reclaimed rubber (reworked by
manufacturing processes)
Source:
1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-9
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EXHIBIT D-8
DEFINITION OF THE RUBBER
AND PLASTICS HOSE AND
BELTING INDUSTRY , SIC 3041
SIC 3041 RUBBER AND PLASTICS HOSE AND BELTING
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing rubber and
plastics hose and belting, including garden hose. Establishments pri-
marily engaged in manufacturing rubber tubing are classified in
Industry 3069; plastic tubing in Industry 3079; and flexible metallic
hose in Industry 3599.
Air brake and air line hate, rubber or Heater hose, plastics
rubberized fabric Heater hose, rubber
Automobile hose, plastics Hose: cotton fabric, rubber lined
Automobile hose, rubber Pneumatic hose: air brake, air line.
Belting: conveyor, elevator, trans- etc. - rubber or rubberized fabric
mission, etc. - rubber Vacuum cleaner hose, plastic
Fire hose, rubber Vacuum cleaner hose, rubber
Garden hose, plastics V-belts, rubber or plastic
Garden hose, rubber
Source: 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
D-10
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EXHIBIT D-9(l)
DEFINITION OF SIC 3069
SIC 3069 FABRICATED RUBBER PRODUCTS, NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED
Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing industrial and
mechanical rubber goods, rubberized fabrics and vulcanized rubber clothing
and miscellaneous rubber specialties and sundries. Establishments primarily
engaged in rebuilding and retreading tires are classified in Industry 7534;
and gaskets and packing in Industry 3293.
Acid bottles, rubber
Air supported rubber structures
Aprons, vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric; mitse
Dags, rubber or rubberized fabric
Balloons, advertising and toy: rubber
Balloons, metal foil laminated
with rubber
Balls, rubber: except baseballs, basket-
balls, footballs, golf and tennis
Bath sprays, rubber
Bathing caps and suits, rubber
Battery boxes, jars, and parts:
hard rubber
Bibs, vulcanized rubber and rubberized
fabric: mitse
Bottles, rubber
Boxes, hard rubber
Brake lining, rubber
Brushes, rubber
Bulbs for medicine droppers, syringes.
atomizers, sprays: rubber
Bushings, rubber
Capes, vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric: mitse
Caps, rubber
Castings, rubber
Chlorinated rubbers, natural^
Cloaks, vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric: mitse
Clothing, vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric: mitse
Combs, hard rubber
Culture cups, rubber
Cycle rubbers, natural
Dress shields, vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric: mitse
Druggists' sundries, rubber
Erasers: rubber or rubber and
abrasive combined
Fabrics, rubberized
Finger cots, rubber
Flooring, rubber: tile or sheet
Foam rubber
Fountain syringes, rubber
Friction tape, rubber
Fuel tanks, collapsible: rubberized
fabric
Funnels, rubber
Gloves: surgeons', electricians',
household, etc. rubber
Grips and handles, rubber
Grommets, rubber
Gutta percha compounds
Hair curlers, rubber
Hairpins, rubber
Handles, rubber
Hard rubber products
Hard surface floor coverings: rubber
Heels, boot and shoe: rubber,
composition, and fiber
Jar rings, rubber
Laboratory sundries: cases, covers,
funnels, cups, bottles, etc. rubber
Latex, foamed
Life jackets: inflatable, rubberized fabric
D-ll
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EXHIBIT D-9(2)
Life rafts, robber
Liner strips, rubber
Mallets, rubber
Mats and matting bath, door. etc. -
rubber
Mattress protectors, rubber
Mattresses, pneumatic: fabric coated
with rubber
Medical sundries, rubber
Mittens, rubber
Molded rubber products
Mouthpieces for pipes, cigarette
holders, etc. - rubber
Nipples, rubber
Orthopedic sundries, molded rubber
Pacifiers, rubber
Pads, kneeling rubber
Pants, baby: vulcanized rubber and
rubberized fabric - mitse
Pillows, sponge rubber
Pipestems and bits, tobacco: hard
rubber
Platens, except printers solid or covered
rubber
Plumbers rubber goods
Pontoons, rubber
Pump sleeves, rubber
Rods, hard rubber
Rolls, except printers': solid or
covered rubber
Rubber bands
Rubber covered motor mounting rings
(rubber bonded)
Rubber heels, soles, and soling strips
Rug backing compounds, latex
Separators, battery: rubber
Sheeting, rubber or rubberized fabric
Sheets, hard rubber
Sleeves, pump: rubber
Soles, boot and shoe rubber composition
and fiber
Soling strips, boot and shoe hibbcr.
composition, aifS'Jfaer
Spatulas, rubber
Sponge rubber and sponge rubber products
Stair treads, rubber
Stationers' sundries^ rubber
Stoppers, rubber
Teething rings, rubber
Thermometer cases, rubber
Thread, rubber- except fabric covered
Tile, rubber
- Top lift sheets, rubber
Top roll covering, for textile n-.ill
machinery rubber
Toys, rubber
Trays, rubber
Tubing, rubber
Type, rubber
Urinals, rubber
Valves, hard rubber
Wainscoting, rubber
Washers, rubber
Water bottles, rubber
Weather strip, sponge rubber
Wet suits, rubber
Source: 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual
yol691
SW-163C.4
D-12
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