U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Industrial Environmental Research     EPA-600/7-78-024
Off ice of Research and Development  Laboratory                     «*\^o
                Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711 February 1978
      DISPOSAL OF FLUE GAS
      CLEANING WASTES:
      EPA SHAWNEE FIELD EVALUATION
      SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
      Interagency
      Energy-Environment
      Research and Development
      Program Report

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                RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES

Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, have been grouped into nine series. These nine broad cate-
gories were established to facilitate further development and application of en-
vironmental technology.  Elimination of traditional grouping was consciously
planned to foster technology transfer and a maximum interface in related fields.
The nine series are:

      1.  Environmental  Health Effects Research
      2.  Environmental  Protection Technology
      3.  Ecological Research
      4.  Environmental  Monitoring
      5.  Socioeconomic Environmental  Studies
      6.  Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
      7.  Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
      8.  "Special" Reports
      9.  Miscellaneous  Reports

This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from the
effort funded  under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment Research and
Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's mission to protect the public
health and welfare from adverse effects of pollutants associated with energy sys-
tems. The goal of the Program is to assure the rapid development of domestic
energy supplies in an environmentally-compatible manner by providing the nec-
essary environmental data and control technology. Investigations include analy-
ses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health and ecological
effects; assessments  of,  and development of, control technologies for energy
systems; and  integrated assessments of a wide range of energy-related environ-
mental issues.
                           REVIEW NOTICE

 This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal Agencies, and approved
 for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the
 views and policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names or commercial
 products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical Informa-
tion Service, Springfield, Virginia  22161.

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                                         EPA-600/7-78-024
                                            February 1978
                   DISPOSAL
 OF  FLUE GAS CLEANING  WASTES:
EPA  SHAWNEE FIELD EVALUATION
       SECOND  ANNUAL REPORT
                          by

                   R.B. Fling, W.M. Graven, P.P. Leo,
                       and J. Rossoff

                    The Aerospace Corporation
                Environment and Energy Conservation Division
                       P.O. Box 92957
                    Los Angeles, California 90009
                     Contract No. 68-02-1010
                   Program Element No. EHE624A
                  EPA Project Officer: Julian W. Jones

                Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
                 Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
                  Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
                        Prepared for

                U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
                  Office of Research and Development
                     Washington, D.C. 20460

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                            ABSTRACT
           This  report describes the progress made during the first two
years (September 1974 through October 1976) of a field evaluation project
being conducted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
assess techniques for the disposal of power plant flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) sludges.  The evaluation  site is at the Tennessee Valley Authority
Shawnee Power Station in Paducah,  Kentucky.   Two 10-MW prototype flue
gas scrubbers, using lime and limestone, produced sludges that were placed
in six test ponds.  Three contain untreated sludges; each of the three remain-
ing ponds contains sludges chemically treated by one of three commercial
contractors.   Test samples of treated and untreated  sludges, groundwater,
supernate, leachate, and soil cores are being analyzed.  Results to date
indicate that the maximum concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in
the leachate of treated ponds occurred immediately after filling,  or within
a few months,  and was approximately half that of the input liquors.
Leachate from untreated ponds followed a similar pattern, except the maxi-
mum concentrations were approximately the same as the TDS of the input
liquor.

           After two years, TDS in the leachates of all ponds is between
one-third and  one-half that of the  respective input liquors. Generally,  the
leachates from the evaluation ponds exhibit decreasing concentrations of
chloride ion, and the TDS have stabilized at approximately gypsum satu-
ration.  Trace elements have exhibited little change.

           Chemically treated sludges continue to exhibit good landfill
strength and generally reduce the mass release of sludge constituents to
the subsoil by at least two orders of magnitude.
                                  111

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                           CONTENTS  .

ABSTRACT	      iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	      xv
CONVERSION TABLE  	    xvii
I.      INTRODUCTION	        1
U.     CONCLUSIONS	        3
in.    RECOMMENDATIONS		        5
IV.    SUMMARY.	        7
       4. 1     Untreated Sludge	        7
               4. 1. 1    Leachate	        7
               4. 1. 2    Supernate	       11
               4. 1. 3    Groundwater  	       11
               4. 1. 4    Physical Characteristics  	       11
       4. 2     Treated Sludge	       12
               4. 2. 1    Leachate	       12
               4. 2. 2    Supernate   	       12
               4. 2. 3    Groundwater  	       12
               4. 2. 4    Physical Characteristics  	       12
       4. 3     Soil	       16
       4. 4     Costs	       16
       4. 5     Summary of Significant Results	       16
               4. 5. 1    Environmental Benefits of Chemical
                       Treatment	       16
               4. 5. 2    Control of Leachate from Untreated
                       Waste.	       18
               4. 5. 3    Concentration of Minor Constituents. ....       19

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                     CONTENTS (Continued)

V.     ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT	       21
VI.    SITE AND FACILITY DESCRIPTION	       23
       6. 1    Test Facilities	 .       23
       6. 2    Ponds.	       23
              6. 2. 1   Leachate Well Construction	       25
              6. 2. 2   Underdrain Construction	       27
              6. 2. 3   Groundwater Well Construction	       27
       6. 3    Weather Data Station	       27
VII.    OPERATIONS AND SCHEDULES	       31
       7. 1    Pond Filling and Chemical Treatment	       31
              7. 1. 1   Pond Al	       33
              7. 1. 2   Pond G  	       33
       7. 2    Schedules	       33
       7. 3    Sampling and Analysis	       48
VIII.   RESULTS OF ANALYSES.  ,		. .       53
       8. 1    Untreated Sludge .	       53
              8. 1. 1   Pond A/A1 Water Analyses. .........       53
              8. 1. 2   Pond D Water Analyses	       57
       8. 2    Treated Sludge	       61
              8. 2. 1   Pond B Water Analyses	       61
              8. 2. 2   Pond C Water Analyses	       61
              8. 2. 3   Pond E Water Analyses „	       70
       8. 3    Treated Sludge Core Analyses	       77
              8. 3. 1   Physical Characteristics  	       77
              8. 3. 2   Accelerated Leaching Tests	       77
       8. 4    Soil Core Analyses  	       79
       8. 5    Climatological and  Hydrological Data	       83
REFERENCES	       95
                                   VI

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                     CONTENTS(Continued)
APPENDIXES

A.     MATERIAL BALANCE, IONIC CHARGE BALANCE
       AND GYPSUM SOLUBILITY IN POND SUPERNATES
       AND LEACHATES  	      97

B.     RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF INPUT SLUDGE
       LIQUOR,  FULL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
       OF POND LEACHATES, AND POND WATER
       SAMPLES 	     Ill

C.     ASSESSMENT  OF THE CHEMICAL POLLUTION
       POTENTIAL ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY
       ALTERNATIVE DISPOSAL METHODS	     157

D.     METHODS USED TO DETERMINE CHEMICAL
       AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
       FGD SLUDGES. .	     163
                             Vll

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                             TABLES


 1.     Shawnee Pond Fill Data	      8

 2.     Disposal Cost Ranges	     17

 3.     Typical Leachate Concentration of Minor Constituents
       Versus Input  Liquor	     20

 4.     General Schedule: EPA/TVA Shawnee Sludge Disposal
       Field Demonstration.	     39

 5.     PondA/Al:  Lime Sludge, Filter Cake, Untreated;
       Fill Contractor, TVA  	     40

 6.     Pond B: Limestone Sludge,  Clarifier Underflow,
       Treated; Treatment Contractor, Dravo  	     41

 7.     Pond C: Lime Sludge, Centrifuge Cake,  Treated;
       Treatment Contractor, IUCS	     42

 8.     Pond D: Limestone, Clarifier  Underflow,  Untreated;
       Fill Contractor, TVA  	     43

 9.     Pond E: Limestone, Clarifier  Underflow,  Treated;
       Treatment Contractor, Chemfix	     44

10.     Pond F: Limestone, Clarifier  Underflow,  Untreated;
       Fill Contractor, TVA  	     45

11.     Pond G: Lime, Centrifuge Cake, Untreated;
       Fill Contractor, TVA  	„	     46

12.     Pond H: Limestone, Oxidized Sulfite,  Clarifier
       Underflow and Filter Cake,  Untreated; Fill
       Contractor, TVA		     47

13.     Water Analysis Parameters  	     51

14.     Physical Characteristics of Impounded Treated
       Sludge Cores	     78
                                Vlll

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                        TABLES (Continued)



15.     Pond Soil Permeability and Leaching Characteristics. .       81

16.     Results of Laboratory Testing of Shawnee Soil by TVA .       82

17.     Leaching and Attenuation Tests of Celatom,
       Diatomaceous Earth	       84
                                 IX

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                              FIGURES
 1.     Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in.
       Pond A/A1 Leachate .	„ .        9

 2.     Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
       Pond D Leachate	       10

 3.     Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
       Pond B Leachate	       13

 4.     Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
       Pond C Leachate	       14

 5.     Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
       Pond E Leachate   	       15

 6.     EPA Shawnee Disposal Field Demonstration
       Functional Organization	       22

 7.     Shawnee Steam Plant FGD Scrubbing Test Facility
       Sludge Ponds  Location and Details	       24

 8.     Disposal Pond Well Nomenclature	       26

 9.     Leachate Collection Well	       28

10.     Underdrain System Installed in Ponds F and G	       29

11.     Pond Al, May 1976	       32

12.     Pond Al, September 1976	       32

13.     Pond G During Filling,  October 1976
       (sludge being  poured on layered fly ash)	       34

14.     Pond G During Filling,  October 1976
       (photo taken 16 hours after pouring of sludge layer)  ...       34

15.     Pond B, December  1975	       35

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FIGURES (Continued)
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.

25.

26.
27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

Pond B, May 1976 	
Pond C, December 1975 	
Pond C, May 1976 	 ,
Pond D, December 1975 	 	 ,
Evaporation Pan Located Adjacent to Pond D,
May 1976 	 -. 	 	 ,
Pond E, December 1975 	 ,
Pond E, May 1976 	 ,
Drilling Rig Used for Core Sampling 	 ,
Drill Bit and Pipe Used for Groundwater Well
Construction and Soil Sampling 	 ,
Soil Coring Sample Taken During Groundwater


Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
Pond A/A1 Leachate 	
Concentrations of Minor Species in Pond A

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species iii

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
Pond D Leachate 	
35
36
36
37

37
38
38
49

49

50
50

. . . 54

55

56

58

59

60

62
        XI

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FIGURES (Continued)
34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

Concentrations of Minor Species in Pond D

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
Pond B Groundwater 	
Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in Pond

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of Minor Species in Pond B

Concentrations pf TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in

Concentrations of Minor Species in Pond

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species

Concentrations of TDS and Major Species
in Pond E Supernate 	
Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
Pond E Leachate 	 	
Concentrations of Minor Species in
Pond E Leachate 	
Concentrations of TDS and Major Species
in Pond B Sludge Core Leachate 	 ,
Concentrations of TDS and Major Species in
Pond C Sludge Core Leachate 	 	 ,

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

. , 71

, , 72

.73

74

75

76

80

80
        Xll

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                       FIGURES (Continued)
49.    Concentrations of TDS and Major Species
      in Pond E Sludge Core Leachate  	       81

50.    Shawnee Weekly Precipitation and Net
      Accumulation of Moisture   	       85

51.    Shawnee Weekly Precipitation and Water Levels
      of Ponds A and D Supernate and Leachate Wells	       87

52.    Shawnee Weekly Precipitation and Water Levels
      of Ponds B, C, and E Leachate Wells   	       88

53.    Shawnee Weekly River Stages and Water Levels
      in Pond A Groundwater Wells  	       89

54.    Shawnee Weekly River Stages and Water Levels
      in Pond D Groundwater Well   	       90

55.    Shawnee Weekly River Stages and Water Levels
      in Pond B Groundwater Wells	       91

56.    Shawnee Weekly River Stages and Water Levels
      in Pond C Groundwater Wells  	       92

57.    Shawnee Weekly River Stages and Water Levels
      in Pond E Groundwater Wells  	       93
                               Xlll

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                        ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
            The results reported in this document reflect the cooperation
and valuable contributions of individuals from a number of organizations
associated with this project.  In particular,  the authors wish to acknowledge
Julian W. Jones, the EPA-FGD Waste Disposal Project Officer, whose
management and  technical guidance have been especially helpful, and John
Williams, the EPA Shawnee Project Officer, for  his continuing assistance
in support of project activities at the evaluation site.

            The following personnel also have been most helpful in conduct-
ing this project:
            Tennessee Valley Authority
            D.  Carpenter
            J. Gummings
            H.  W. Elder
            C.  W. Holley
            T.  Kelso
M.  Martin
H. P. Mathews
J. K. Metcalfe
R. Shelley
R. Tulis
            The Bechtel Corporation

            H.  Head         A.  Abdul-Sattar
            R.  Keen         C.  Wang

            The Aerospace Corporation
            J. Block
            L. Maxwell
            M. Perez
            P. A.  Riley
M.  Rocha
R. C. Rossi
J. R. Shepherd
W.  J. Swartwood
                                             Approved:
J. Kbssoff,  Ditfe'ctor
Office of Stationary Systems
Environment and Energy
  Conservation Division
                 T. lura, General Manager
                 Environment and Energy
                   Conservation Division
                                    xv

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                       CONVERSION TABLE
   British
1 acre
1 British thermal unit
 per pound
1 foot
1 cubic foot
1 inch
1 gallon (U. S. )
1 pound
1 mile
1 ton (short)
1 ton per square  foot
1 part per million
1 pound per square inch
1 cubic yard
    Metric
4047 square meters

2. 235 Joules per gram
0. 3048 meter
28. 316 liters
2. 54 centimeters
3. 785 liters
0. 454 kilogram
1. 609 kilometers
0. 9072 metric ton
9765 kilograms per square meter
1 milligram per liter (equivalent)
0. 0703 kilogram per square  centimeter
0. 7641 cubic meter
                                  xvii

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                            SECTION I
                          INTRODUCTION
           In September 1974,  the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) initiated a program for the field evaluation of the disposal of wastes
from power plant flue gas  desulfurization (FGD) systems.  The purpose of
this program was to evaluate the effects of various  disposal techniques,
scrubbing operations, soil interactions, and field operations procedures on
the environmental quality of the disposal site.

           The site chosen for the evaluation was the Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA) Shawnee Power Station at Paducah, Kentucky.   Two
different scrubber systems functioning in parallel are being operated at
this station as an EPA/TVA test facility, with the Bechtel Corporation as
the scrubber test director.  Each of the scrubbers,  i. e. , a Universal Oil
Products (UOP) turbulent contact absorber (TCA) and a Chemico venturi
followed by a spray tower, is.capable of treating up to  10 MW (equivalent)
of flue gas. Sludges  from these scrubbers, using lime and limestone as the
SO?  absorbent, are being used in the disposal evaluation program.   This
program provides a broader data base for the evaluation of flue gas SO2
control by combining  evaluations of scrubber performance and  sludge dis-
posal at the same site; laboratory analyses are being conducted con-
currently.

           Initially,  the disposal program involved five impoundments
(ponds), each occupying  approximately 0. 1 acre. Two of these ponds
contained untreated sludge, and three contained  sludge that had been  chem-
ically treated.   During 1976, the program was expanded to provide for
three additional ponds to be filled with ash-free  lime sludge, ash-free
limestone  sludge,  and oxidized  sulfate (gypsum) sludge.  All three sites
were constructed, and the pond designated for ash-free lime sludge was
filled in October 1976.   The remaining two sites were scheduled to be
filled early in 1977.

           The objectives of the disposal  evaluation program are as
follows:
           a.   Evaluate current disposal techniques under critical
                field  operating  conditions.

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            b.   Evaluate the environmental acceptability of current
                disposal technology through periodic  sampling,  analysis,
                and assessment of water, soil, and sludge cores.

            c.   Develop engineering cost estimates for alternative
                disposal methods on an operational basis.

            This is the second report to be issued on  this project.  The
first report (Ref.  1) discussed the results obtained on the program from
September 1974 through July 1975.  This report contains the data and
results of analyses generated from September 1974 through October 1976.
Some updates have been made for clarity during the publication period.
The engineering cost estimates for various chemical  treatment disposal
methods were discussed in detail  in the initial report (Ref.  1) and are not
discussed in detail here since.the costs have not changed significantly in
the interim.  A brief review of the current disposal cost estimates including
ponding of untreated sludge is presented in the Summary section of this
report.

            The effort being  reported on in this document is part of a
broad  range of FGD waste disposal study activities, the results of which
have been described in other reports.  The most recent report (Ref.  2)
provides the results of the chemical  characterization and physical proper-
ties analyses for untreated and treated wastes from seven different scrubbers
at eastern and western plants using lime,  limestone,  or double-alkali
absorbents.  It also provides cost estimates for the disposal of untreated
waste in lined or unlined ponds and for the disposal of chemically treated
waste.  Therefore, the results described in this document are oriented
toward the specific activities at the TVA Shawnee  station, and, where
appropriate, references have been made to relate this work to the general
field of FGD waste disposal.

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                            SECTION II
                          CONCLUSIONS
           This field evaluation project has not been completed, and
therefore final conclusions are not given; however, the following interim
findings are significant:

           a.   The maximum concentration of total dissolved solids
                (TDS) in the leachate of ponds containing treated sludge
                occurred immediately after filling, or within a few
                months, and was approximately half that of the input
                liquors.  Leachate of ponds containing untreated sludge
                followed a similar pattern,  except the maximum con-
                centration levels were approximately the same as  the
                TDS  of the input liquor.

           b.   After approximately two years,  the concentration of
                TDS  in the leachates of all ponds are between one-third
                and one-half the TDS concentrations of their respective
                input liquors.  If these trends continue,  all ponds will
                reach gypsum saturation concentrations approximately
                four  to five years after initial disposal.

           c.   The groundwaters being monitored for all ponds show no
                effects attributable  to  either treated or untreated sludge
                disposal.

           d.   Chemical  treatments evaluated in this project do not tend
                to  reduce  concentrations of trace elements in the sludge
                leachate; however,  chemical treatment has been shown to
                minimize  the release of leached  sludge constituents to the
                subsoil through decreased permeability of the treated
                material and the  elimination of standing water due to the
                amenability of the material to compaction and contouring
                during placement.  Thus, at least a two order of magnitude
                reduction  of mass release to the subsoil can be gained with
                chemically treated  sludge as compared to untreated sludge.
                Laboratory results  for unconfined compressive strengths
                of  chemically treated sludges from this project have ranged

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from 10 to 50 psi.  Load-bearing strengths determined in
the field are in excess of 60 psi.

The results of laboratory and field tests show that the
load-bearing strength of untreated sludge can be signifi-
cantly increased to greater than 35 psi if an underdrain
system is used.  After rewetting by rainfall, underdrained
sludge regains its strength within one day.  However, even
at these increased strengths, the material still exhibits
thixotropic characteristics while sustaining loads.  Further
study is needed  to define its value as a landfill material.

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                            SECTION HI


                        RECOMMENDAT IONS
            This field evaluation project continues to provide data which
are extremely valuable in verifying analytical and laboratory prediction
techniques, thereby making those techniques of greater value to industry.
Of equal importance, data are being obtained which are available solely
from a field site, e. g. ,  weather effects, soil variations and character-
istics, human factors, and operational considerations.  It is therefore
recommended that the project be continued and that the following specific
disposal conditions be evaluated:

            a.   Pond retirement, in which ponds containing treated
                and untreated sludges are covered with earth,
                contoured, and landscaped.  Leachate collection and
                analysis would be continued after the ponds have been
                retired,  and  any changes in leachate quality would be
                evaluated as  well as structural qualities and capability
                to support the growth of plants and trees.

            b.   Runoff evaluation in which a pond containing treated
                sludge would be sloped,  simulating a possible landfill
                condition.  The runoff would be collected and analyzed.

            c.   Evaluation of the disposal of oxidized sulfite sludge
                in terms of environmental acceptability,  physical
                characterization, and cost.

            d.   Extended effects of weathering and time on the chemistry
                and strength  of the  disposed materials.

            e.   Extended effects of weathering and time on the operability
                of underdrain systems.

            f.   Disposal of sludge from any new scrubber installations
                at the TVA Shawnee test site.

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                            SECTION IV


                             SUMMARY
            The flue gas desulfurization (FGD) disposal field evaluation
program at the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Shawnee Steam Plant
has been under way since September 1974.  The program is being conducted
to assess various disposal techniques and field operating procedures in-
volving FGD sludge on the environmental quality of the disposal site.
Currently,  six disposal ponds are under evaluation,  and construction has
been completed for two additional ponds (which were filled early in 1977).
A summary of the sludge types being used and data on the respective
ponds is shown in Table 1.  Three ponds  contain untreated sludge, and
the remaining ponds contain sludges treated by three different chemical
processes.  A description of the treatment processes and estimates of
their respective costs are contained in Reference 1.  All ponded sludges
contain approximately 40 percent fly ash  on a dry weight basis,  the fly ash
either  being present during scrubbing or  added during disposal.

            Six disposal ponds were filled between 7  October 1974 and
5 October 1976; data taken through 31 October 1976 are discussed in this
document.   Evaluation of the ponds is continuing, and more recent data
will be published in the next annual report.  All ponds are monitored for
leachate,  supernate,  and groundwater quality and for the characteristics
of the soil on the pond bottom.  Sludge cores are also evaluated on those
ponds containing  chemically treated material.   The significant  results and
trends observed to date are summarized  in the following paragraphs.

4. 1         UNTREATED SLUDGE

4. 1. 1       L/eachate

            Since Pond G was filled just prior to the  preparation date of
this report, i. e. , October 1976,  no data  for this pond are presented here.
However, analyses of leachate from ponds A/A1 and D are shown in
Figures 1 and 2;  these figures show that the concentrations of total dissolved
solids  (TDS) increased steadily after filling and after a  period of approxi-
mately 40 weeks  (during which the leachate was diluted  with rainwater
initially in the well and well area) reached peak levels close to those
measured in the input liquor. Thereafter,  the TDS and chloride levels

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                                     TABLE 1.  SHAW NEE POND FILL DATA
Pond
A
Ala
B
C
D
E
G
Fill
Date
10/8/74
5/10/76
4/15/75
4/23/75
2/5/75
12/7/74
10/5/76
Scrubber
Type
Venturi and spray
tower
Venturi and spray
tower
Turbulent contact
absorber
Venturi and spray
tower
Turbulent contact
absorber
Turbulent contact
absorber
Venturi and spray
tower
Sludge
Source
Lime
Lime
Limestone
Lime
Limestone
Limestone
Lime
Absorbent
Filter
Filter
Clarifier
underflow
Centrifuge
Clarifier
underflow
Clarifier
underflow
Centrifuge
Solids
Content, wt%
46
46
38b
55b
38
38 b
42
Treatment
Contractor
Untreated
Untreated
Dravo
IU Conversion
Systems
Untreated
Chemfix
Untreated
CO
             Transferred from Pond A.
             Prior to chemical treatment.

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   8000
   7000
   6000
   5000
t
z
   4000
   3000
   2000
   1000
              INPUT LIQUOR TOS • 8285 mg//
              AVERAGE
                                                                                                       O TDS
                                                                                                       O Cl
                                                                                                       A SOa
                                                                                                      O Ca

                                                                                                Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                                Open Figure-IVA Analysis

                                                                                                 Note: Pond A discontinued on 4/15/76;
                                                                                                     Sludge (15cuyd) transferred to
                                                                                                     Pond Al on 5/10/76
                                                                                                              I
      0

     10/7/74
  10

12/16/74
 20

2/24/75
 30

5/5/75
  40              50
WEEKS AFTER POND FILtlNG
 7/14/75          9/22/75
     CALENDAR DATE
 60

12/1/75
 70

2/9/76
                                                                                                                                               TDS
4/19/76   '        6/28/76

 POND A | POND Al
              Figure  1.   Concentrations  of TDS  and major  species in Pond A/A1 leachate

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7500,
6000
4500
3000
1500
             INPUT LIQUOR IDS • 5375 mgll
             AVERAGE (2nd filling)
        O TDS
        D Cl
        a S04
        O Ca

Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open Rgure-TVA Analysis
                                                                                NOTE: 1st filling completed on 10/20/74;
                                                                                    2nd filling completed on 2/5/75
0

10/20/74

10

12/30/74

20

3/10/75

30

5/19/75

40 50
WEEKS AFTER FIRST POND FILLING
7/28/75 10/6/75
CALENDAR DATES
60

12/15/75

70

2/23/76

90

7/12/76

100

9/20/76

               Figure  2.   Concentrations  of  TDS and major  species in Pond D leachate

-------
dropped steadily in both ponds.  The concentrations of the significant minor
constituents, which span a range of six orders of magnitude, were relatively
constant over most of the period monitored and show no discernible trends
related to chemical treatment or absorbent (Section 4. 5. 3).

4. 1. 2       Supernate

            The concentrations of TDS (and the major constituents which
comprise TDS) in the supernates of these ponds decreased with time from
initial values corresponding to the values measured in the input liquor.
After the initial decrease, fluctuations were observed in which concen-
trations increased during hot, dry weather as a result of net water loss by
evaporations and decreased again when cooler weather and increased rain-
fall caused additional dilution.   Mass balance calculations will be conducted
during the coming year to assess  the effects of solubility, diffusion, and
weather as related to supernate TDS concentrations.

4. 1. 3       Groundwater

            The analysis of groundwater shows no indication of increases
in concentration levels  attributable to the ponds.  For Pond  A, there  is a
discernible  trend  showing a decrease in the TDS level toward the end of
the  monitoring period.  In Pond D, the concentrations of calcium and sulfate
remained relatively constant during the monitoring period,  whereas the
concentration of chloride and TDS increased.  During this period, the fact
that, in the  leachate, calcium and sulfate concentrations were low and
constant,  and the  chloride concentration decreased, indicates that the in-
crease of chloride and TDS concentration levels in the groundwater was
not  a consequence of the pond.

4. 1. 4       Physical Characteristics

            The compressive strengths of untreated sludges placed in un-
drained ponds, such as A and D, have been too low to permit walking on
their surfaces.  In preparation for the filling of Pond G, laboratory tests
were conducted on ash-free lime  sludge filter cake (obtained from the
Chemico venturi/srpay tower) remixed with fly ash in a quantity  represent-
ing  40  weight percent of total solids.  The samples were allowed to settle or
drain to obtain bearing  strength measurements as a function of settling or
draining time.  The test results showed that undrained settling alone  would
not  produce bearing strengths above 40 psi (in a modified California Bearing
Ratio Test)  after a settling time of 13 days.   Samples which were allowed to
drain,  however,  showed significant increases in bearing strength in a rela-
tively  short time. Samples in which half the fly ash was remixed in the
sludge and the other half placed in layers showed bearing strengths of
greater than 20 psi in 12 hours and greater than 50 psi in 24 hours.  This
layered structure was selected for the filling of Pond G, and it was demon-
strated during  filling (between 2 and 10 hours after placing  the sludge and
fly ash in the pond) that the material supported site personnel.  Subsequent
tests with wheeled vehicles demonstrated that although the material still
                                  11

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exhibited thixotropic properties, it had a bearing strength of at least 35
psi.   Future evaluations will determine the ability of this material to
support wheeled vehicles as a function of time and weather.

4. 2         TREATED SLUDGE

4. 2. 1       Leachate

            The analyses of leachate from the ponds containing treated
sludge show data trends similar to the untreated ponds; however,  the con-
centrations of TDS consistently remain at a level approximately one-half
or less of those found in the input liquor.  The results of leachate analyses
are presented in Figures 3 through 5 for  Ponds B, C,  and E,  respectively.
The  six minor constituents analyzed  remained at relatively constant levels
(Section 8) at about the  level of  concentrations in untreated input liquor
(or greater) throughout the monitoring period, with the exception of the
boron concentration in Pond C,  which showed an initial reduction compared
to input liquor and then increased steadily to  a level approaching that of
the input liquor.

            Pond B simulates storage and stabilization of. sludge behind a
dam, and Ponds C and E simulate conditions  representing a low spot in a
landfill in which rainwater is allowed to collect.

4. 2. 2       Supemate

            The concentrations  of major constituents and TDS in the super-
nate of the treated sludge ponds varied as a function of dry and wet weather
during the monitoring period and reached peaks at values between one-half
to two-thirds of corresponding constituents in the input liquor.

4. 2. 3       Groundwater

            The groundwater analysis results show that the major consti-
tuents and TDS remain  essentially constant over a monitoring period
starting as  early as 22  weeks prior to filling, and no trends attributable
to the ponds have  been observed.

4. 2. 4       Physical Characteristics

            Laboratory tests were performed on core  samples removed
from ponds containing treated sludge to determine the  physical and chemical
characteristics of these materials.   The  results show  that there were no
time-dependent trends in the permeability of  these sludges and the average
permeability coefficients were 7X10   cm/sec for Pond B,  2X10"^ cm/sec
for Pond E, and 5 X 10~5 cm/sec for Pond C,  with selected crack-free
samples  exhibiting coefficients  of 3 X 10~? cm/sec.  The compressive
strengths of free-standing samples of these same materials did not appear
dependent on moisture content and ranged from 426 psi for Pond C to 56
psi and 114 psi for Ponds B and E, respectively.  Details on the testing,
analysis,  and environmental benefits of chemically treated  sludges are
discussed in Sections 4. 5. 1, 7.  3, 8.  2, 8. 3, and Appendix C.
                                  12

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                5000
u>
                4000
                                  INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                                  BEFORE TREATMENT •
                                  AVERAGE
5685 rrig//
                                                                                                     O
                                                                                                     D
                                                       TDS
                                                       Cl
                                                       SO/,
        O Ca
Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open Rgure-TVA  Analysis
                                                                                                LEACHATE WELL LWB2 INSTALlfD
                                                                                                          5/12/76
                                                                                                                       O (LWB2)
                                                                                                                       O
                                                                                                                       Q
uo

4/14/75

10

6/23/75

20

9/1/75

30 40
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
11/8/75 1/19/76
CALENDAR DATES
50

3/29/76

60

6/7/76

70

8/16/76

                         Figure 3.   Concentrations of  TDS and major species in Pond B  leachate

-------
   5000
   4000
-  3000
t
O
t—
<
o
z
o
o
   1000
     0
                         INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                         BEFORE TREATMENT
                         AVERAGE
                    9530 mg/l
                                                                O TDS
                                                                D Cl
                                                                A S04
                                                                O Ca

                                                       Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                       Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                                                                                      I
                                                                                                             Ca
                                                                                                             Cl
                                                                                                 I
       0


     4/21/75
 10


6/30/75
 20


9/8/75
  30              40
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING

 11/17/75           1/26/76
     CALENDAR  DATES
 50


4/5/76
 60


6/14/76
  70


8/23/76
           Figure 4.   Concentrations of TDS and major species in Pond C leachate

-------
                  50001-
171
                     0

                    12/2/74
                                                                                                                              O  IDS
                                                                                                                              a  ci
                                                                                                                              A  S04
                                                                                                                              O  Ci
                                                                                                                              O  Na
                                                                                                                       Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                                                       Open Fiqure-TVA Analysis
  10

2/10/75
 20

4/21/75
                                                            6/30/75
 40            50
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING

9/8/75          11/17/75
   CALENDAR  DATES
 60


1/26/76
 70


4/5/76
 80


6/14(76
                                                                                                                                             TDS
  J
 90


8/23/76
                              Figure 5.    Concentrations of TDS and major  species  in  Pond  E leachate

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4. 3         SOIL

            Undisturbed soil core samples were removed and tested by
TVA during the construction of groundwater wells for several new ponds in
May 1976.  The  results show that the clay soil has a dry density of 1. 6 to
1. 8 gm/cm^ and a permeability coefficient of approximately 2 to 6xlO~7
cm/sec.

            For all ponds,  the rate of leachate penetration into the  subsoil
is controlled by the soil permeability because the permeability of the soil
is equal to or less than that of either of the sludges.   Permeability coefficients
for the chemically treated  sludges are typically 5x10   cm/sec. The un-
treated materials have coefficients approximately 2X10""* cm/sec.   Based
on a soil permeability coefficient of 2 to 6x10-7 cm/sec, the rate the
leachate is expected  to travel is about 0. 5 to 1.5 cm (0. 2 to 0. 6 in. ) per
month.  Therefore, during the two-year period that the ponds have been in
operation, the leachate is estimated to have traveled approximately 12. 4
to 37. 2 cm (5. 0 to 15. 0 in. ) into the subsoil.

4. 4         COSTS

            Engineering cost estimates were presented,  in the initial report
on this project (Ref.  1), for the  total costs associated with disposal of treated
Shawnee-type sludge.  Since that time as part of a separate study,  additional
engineering cost estimates have been prepared that include disposal of un-
treated sludge in ponds containing both natural clay and synthetic liners
(Ref. 2).  A summary of these costs is presented in Table 2.

4. 5         SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT RESULTS

            In addition to the specific data discussed above for the various
project elements, the following results,  at an overall project level, have
been obtained which appear significant.

4. 5. 1       Environmental Benefits of Chemical Treatment

            Chemical treatment has been found to have major benefits
which  effectively minimize (and possibly in some cases eliminate) the
release of leached sludge constituents to the subsoil through (1) the de-
creased permeability of the treated material and (2) the amenability of the
treated material to compaction and contouring during placement so  that
standing water does not occur at the disposal site.   The prevention  of stand-
ing water eliminates  the need for a hydraulic head on the site; thus, seepage
through the pores does not  occur as a result of hydraulic pressure.  There-
fore,  the major portion of the rainfall on such a site runs off; this is
managed by means of collection of runoff in a peripheral ditch which directs
the water to a settling pond from which decanted liquor is disposed  of in
an adjacent  stream or river (see Reference 2 for a discussion of site
management).

            Under worst-case conditions, the formation of cracks in the
                                  16

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    TABLE 2.    DISPOSAL COST RANGES (UNTREATED AND TREATED
                 SLUDGE 1000-MW STATION, 50 PERCENT  LOAD
                 FACTOR 30-YEAR AVERAGE,  JANUARY 1976 DOLLARS)
Disposal
Method
Untreated
Pond
Pond
Treated8
Base
Material
Natural clay
Liner
Indigenous
soil
$/Ton Sludgea' b
(Dry)
3. 50
5. 70 to 7. 80
7. 30 to 11.40
$/Ton Coal
1. 00
1. 60 to 2. 20
2. 10 to 3. 20
Mills/
kWhb, c, d
0.43
0. 7 to 1. 0
0. 9 to 1. 4
   510, 000 short ton/yr average (dry basis), including fly ash.

b  Coal burned at rate of 0. 88 Ib/kWh,  3% sulfur, 12% ash, 85% SO.
   removal, 1. 2 CaCO.,/SO2 mole ratio.

   Land costs  at $1000/acre are included  (equivalent to $0. 25/ton
   sludge,  dry).
d
   Disposal within 5 miles of power plant.

   Assumes
   or lower.
Assumes coefficient of permeability of clay is 1 X 10    cm/sec
   Ponding costs cover range based on low-to-high material costs,
   i. e., PVS-20 mil thickness (low) to Hypalon-30 mil thickness (high).

°  Treatment costs vary, depending on characteristics of the waste and
   the  disposal process chosen.
                                 17

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treated material could allow some seepage if a portion of the site is con-
tinuously exposed to collected rainfall.  To account for this, tests to
determine permeability of chemically treated  sludges  were performed on
cores extracted from the Shawnee field evaluation site.  Constant-head
permeability tests were run on (1) pulverized  samples, and (2) samples
with and without visible crac.ks.   The uncracked samples had coefficients
of permeability of about 10~? cm/sec;  the pulverized and the cracked
samples had coefficients  of approximately 10~-> cm./sec.  Therefore, the
effective coefficient could be between 10~-> and 10"?.  Assuming a worst
case (using  a coefficient of permeability of 10~5 cm/sec),  an order of
magnitude improvement in impermeability is realized compared to untreated
sludges which typically have a coefficient of about 10~4 cm/sec.   Further,
the elimination of standing water  via runoff reduces  the recharge of water
to the site.  If it is assumed that  10 percent of the net rainfall is recharged,
then a two-order of magnitude improvement is gained  when comparing the
mass seepage from a chemically  treated site to that of a ponded  untreated
site.  This approach was taken in the determination  of comparative mass
releases of  sludge to subsoil from different types of disposal sites shown in
the example cases given in Appendix C; these  data are repeated from a
companion report (Ref. 2), which correlates the results of the Shawnee
evaluation with laboratory data.   The significance of eliminating standing
water and improving impermeability are discussed in  that study.  Further-
more,  the management of a chemically treated disposal site by compaction
during its development should appreciably reduce the quantity of cracks
and eliminate the continuity of cracks that may appear, so that an effective
coefficient of permeability,  better than 10~5 cm/sec,  should be realized,
as well as a rainfall recharge of less than 10 percent.   Therefore, the net
effect may well be an improvement far in excess of two orders of magnitude.

           Some chemically treated sludges are disposed of in a lake which
maintains a hydraulic head on the site  at all times (see Case No.  2 in
Appendix C).  The mass release for  such a case is approximately one-fourth
that from an untreated pond.  Sites of this type may  seep to adjacent streams,
which can reduce the concentration of constituents by mixing.  Historical
data regarding  stream characteristics and quality which can pro vide, ad equate
mixing and the  monitoring of streams are necessary to qualify sites of this
type for  environmental acceptability.

4. 5. 2       Control of L/eachate from Untreated Waste

            The data obtained to date on the concentration  of dissolved solids
in the leachates of untreated sludge show that  peak levels are reached which
are virtually the same as those of the input sludge liquor.  These concen-
tration levels have been found,  in other Aerospace studies (Ref.  2), to exceed
drinking water  criteria;  therefore, some form of control is needed.  In
addition to the use of impermeable liners or soils,  one method being in-
vestigated as part of this project  is the use of an underdrain system where-
by the underdrained water is returned  to the scrubber loop for reuse.  An
underdrain vented to the atmosphere minimizes seepage by eliminating
the hydraulic head of the  leachate.  The gravity head of any accumulated
surface water is adequate to provide for rapid removal of  rainfall recharge.
                                  18

-------
This technique has the potential for increasing the bearing strength of the
sludge to levels useful in a landfill.  This disposal operation has been in-
vestigated in laboratory tests and will be evaluated in the field for several
sludge types (Section 6. 2. 2).  A water balance analysis has shown that
this mode of closed loop operation (with underdrainage return) can be
achieved, including the maintenance of tolerable chloride ion levels  (Ref.
3).

4. 5. 3       Concentration of Minor Constituents

            The concentrations of minor constituents in the leachates of
the FGD sludges at Shawnee have  shown no discernible trends related to
chemical treatment or absorbent.   A comparison of typical trace element
concentrations with those of the input liquors for the respective ponds is
shown in Table 3.
                                  19

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              TABLE 3.  TYPICAL LEACHATE CONCENTRATION OF MINOR CONSTITUENTS
                         VERSUS INPUT LIQUOR
Element
Arsenic
Boron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Selenium
Concentration, mg li
Untreated Ponds
Ponds A and Al
Input
Liquor
0. 024
44
0. 49
290
<0. 0001
0. 005
Leachate
0. 008
30
0. 05
60
0.001
0. 005
Pond D
Input
Liquor
0. 004
93
<0. 02
50
0. 00033
0. 014
Leachate
0. 3
20
0. 04
50
0.0007
0.01
Chemically Treated Ponds
Pond B
Input
Liquor
0.004
97
<0. 02
2. 5
0. 00024
0.02
Leachate
0. 03
1. 5
0. 04
30
0.0006
0.015
Pond C
Input
Liquor
0. 002
34
<0.01
33
<0. 00008
0.018
Leachate
0. 02
2
0.02
10
0.0005
0.015
Pond E.
Input
Liquor
0.003
80
<0. 01
12
0. 00033
0. 014
Leachate
0. 005
0. 5
0.04
2
0.001
0.01
tSJ
O

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                             SECTION V
                ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
            This program is managed by the EPA Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina.  The
functional relationships of the other organizations participating in the pro-
gram are shown in Figure 6.

            The Aerospace Corporation is responsible for program coord-
ination, writing and maintaining the program plans, selected  analyses,
evaluation and assessment of all analytical results  including costing,  and
reporting of program activities and analyses.

            The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)  is responsible for all
construction, filling of untreated ponds,  supplying  sludges to  treatment
processors  at the site, site maintenance, sampling and analyses, sample
distribution, climatological and hydraulic data collection,  photographic
documentation (still and motion picture), and contracting with sludge
treatment processors.  TVA  also provides analytical data,  climatological
and hydraulic data, and photographic documentation to The Aerospace
Corporation for assessment and inclusion in formal reporting to EPA.

            The sludge treatment processors are Chemfix,  Inc. , Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania; Dravo Corporation,  Pittsburgh,. Pennsylvania;  and IU Con-
version Systems, Inc. ,  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

            The Bechtel Corporation provides the technical interface
relating the scrubber test facility to the disposal demonstration.
                                  21

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    TVA SHAWNEE
   PROJECT OFFICER
           EPA
        SHAWNEE
    PROJECT OFFICER
       BECHTEL
       SHAWNEE
   PROJECT MANAGER
THE AEROSPACE CORP.
Plans,  Program Coordin-
    ation, Analyses,
  Evaluation, Reports
          EPA
       FGD WASTE
    DISPOSAL  PROGRAM
    PROJECT  OFFICER
       BECHTEL
   ONSITE (Scrubber)
TEST PROGRAM DIRECTOR
         TVA
     DIVISION OF
  POWER PRODUCTION
         TVA
CORE SAMPLING, CORE
AND WATER ANALYSES
     DIRECT SUPPORT

	COORDINATION ONLY
          TVA

 Construction,  Maintenance,
     Sampling, Analysis
ASST. TVA PROJECT OFFICER
          TVA
 SHAWNEE TEST FACILITY
       SUPERVISOR,
    WATER SAMPLING,
   SITE COORDINATION,
POND CONSTRUCTION, TEST
EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION,
  AND SITE MAINTENANCE
                                                                _L
                                                             CHEMFIX
     DRAVO
IUCS
       Figure 6.   EPA Shawnee disposal field demonstration functional organization

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                            SECTION VI


                 SITE AND  FACILITY DESCRIPTION
           The site on which the disposal evaluation is being conducted
is located on Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) property, approximately
0. 5 miles from the TVA Shawnee Steam Plant near Paducah,  Kentucky.
The Shawnee plant has 10 generating units capable of producing a total of
1, 750, 000 kW of electric power. At its typical level of operation, Shawnee
consumes 4, 500, 000 ton/yr of bituminous coal from western Kentucky
and Illinois (Ref. 4).  This coal has an average sulfur content of approxi-
mately 3. 5 percent.

6. 1        TEST FACILITIES
           Two prototype wet lime and limestone scrubbers,  each capable
of treating approximately 30, 000 cu ft/min (at 300   F) of flue gas, are
currently operating in parallel on Shawnee boiler No.  10 (Ref. 5).   Gas
that is ash-free,  or containing ash, may be fed to either scrubber. The
two scrubbers, each of which treats an equivalent of 10  MW of boiler
capacity,  produce an effluent  slurry containing sulfite, sulfate, chloride,
calcium and trace elements.  The effluent is pumped to  a thickener area
from which sludge can be removed from a clarifier,  centrifuge,  or filter
for placement in one of six disposal areas.  Both treated and untreated
sludges are being analyzed in the evaluation program.

6. 2        PONDS

           The disposal areas are identified  as Ponds Al, B, C,  D,  E,
F, G, and H and are shown in relation to the power plant in Figure 7.
Ponds F and H were not filled as of October 1976*  and thus are not in-
cluded in the six ponds evaluated in this  report.  Pond Al was constructed
in May 1976 to accommodate sludge originally placed in Pond A.  The Pond
A site was abandoned in April 1976 to make room for the expansion of the
power plant coal  storage facilities, and approximately 1100 cu ft of sludge
was removed from Pond A, stored, and then transferred to Pond Al.
*  Pond F was subsequently filled in February 1977 and Pond H in
  September 1977.   These ponds are being evaluated, and the results
  will be available in a later publication.
                                 23

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                                                                     STORAGE BUILDING
                                                                             STORAGE AREA
 OHIO
RIVER
                                                              ,^^-Wr^—i
                                                              I /~^t>, AT——I
                                                              • 'WATER TANK v^—J '	I  	  ,—^ ^
                                                                BOOKV III  CONSTRUCTION
                                                                    '"  PUNT AREA
                                                                            Disposal Ponds
                                                                    A1,  B,  C, D,  E, F,  G, and H
                Figure 7.  Shawnee  steam plant FGD scrubbing test facility
                            sludge ponds location and details

-------
           The ponds have been constructed in accordance with the following
dimensions (length and width dimensions are to the top of the berm):

Pond     Length,  ft     Width, ft     Side Slope     Sludge Depth,  ft

Al           10            10           2:3                3

B, E       140            38           2:1                3
C           133            38           2:1                3

D           147            40           2:1                3
G            40            40           2:1                4

H            40            40           2:1                4
           All berms are contoured to drain away from the ponds.  No
other rain drainage is provided,  and no compaction of the pond sides or
bottom was performed other than that resulting from the operation of
earth-moving equipment incidental to constructing the ponds.  The bottom
surfaces are generally in a horizontal plane,  and the side walls are  pro-
tected from erosion through the use of limestone rock.

           L/eachate wells have  been constructed in Ponds Al, B, C, D,
and E, while Ponds F, G,  and H are constructed with underdrain systems.
(The leachate wells and underdrain systems are described later in this
section. )  Access to the  leachate well in Pond Al has been provided  by
placing a  board across the berms adjacent to the well.   For each of  Ponds
B, C, D,  and E,  a wooden pier has  been constructed at one end of the pond
to serve as a support for the leachate well and to provide a sampling station
for obtaining leachate well water.  For Ponds F, G, and H access has been
provided to the underdrain collection tank and pump, for inspection and
maintenance  purposes, through the use of metal steps placed in the concrete
liner  of the collection pit.

           Pond Al is filled with untreated lime sludge filter cake,
Pond  D with untreated limestone sludge clarifier underflow, and Pond  G
with untreated lime sludge centrifuge cake.  Ponds B,  C,  and E are filled
with sludge chemically treated by the Dravo Corporation,  IU Conversion
Systems,  Inc. , and Chemfix, Inc. ,  respectively.  Ponds B and E used
limestone sludge clarifier underflow and Pond C used lime sludge centri-
fuge cake. Although  each of the  ponded sludges  contain fly ash, Pond G
contains alternate layers of fly ash and mixtures of fly ash with ash-free
lime sludge (Section 7. 1. 2).  Pond configurations and nomenclature  are
shown in Figure 8.

6. 2. 1      Leachate Well Construction

           Leachate wells have  been constructed on the flat bottom  of
Ponds Al, B, C, D,  and E.  The purpose of these wells is to  provide water
samples that can be analyzed to determine the quality of the water that
seeps through the sludge (either  untreated or treated) and enters the soil.
                                 25

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CSJ
NOTE:

   GROUND WATER
   WELLS GWA1,
   GWF1, GWG1,
   AND GWA1  ARE
   LOCATED 8' FROM
   THE TOP OF BEAM
   AT THE  NW CORNER
   OF THEIR RESPECTIVE
   PONDS
                                                          GWD1
                                                   GWC1 ©GWC2 '
                                                                              LWB2
                                                        ^'SERVICE  ROAD>"
             37' 11"
           LWB1

             GWB2
       LWD
j-r^2tf6"    ^
                                                     RR
                                          LEGEND:
                                          O DENOTES GROUNDWATER WELLS (GW)
                                           • DENOTES LEACHATE WELLS (LW)
                                          a DENOTES UNDERDRAIN (UD)
                                                                                      100
                                                                                      	I
                                                                                      200
                                                                                      	I
                                                                                   SCALE: feet
                                Figure 8.  Disposal pond well nomenclature

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           The well is constructed with a 4-in. -diam plastic pipe im-
planted as  shown in  Figure 9.  This configuration is to prevent solid mater-
ial from blocking the entrance to the pipe.  The pipe extends approximately
5 feet above the base of the pond.   It is  anchored to the pier (except for
Pond Al) and is covered with a force-fit plastic cap to prevent entry of
foreign matter (including rainwater) into the well.   The installation  is  such
that surface water cannot freely flow between the sludge and the pipe or
through the upper end.  The layer  of diatomaceous  earth is used to filter
suspended  solids in  the leachate.

6. 2. 2      Underdrain Construction

           Underdrain systems have  been constructed on the bottoms of
Ponds  F, G,  and H.   The purpose  of these systems is to remove water
which seeps to the pond bottom so  that samples can be collected and analyzed
for environmental quality, and to permit the sludge to drain so that  its
structural  properties may be tested.

           The underdrain systems are constructed with 4-in. -diam
plastic pipe implanted in the pond bottom as shown  in Figure 10.  The
collection pipes are drilled on their top halves with 1/8-inch holes on 2-inch
centers and have been covered with pea gravel.  There is a one-foot layer
of sand on  top of the pea gravel to  filter out particulate matter.   The col-
lection pipes are connected to a single gravity drained pipe which flows to
a 100-gallon plastic tank.  Water is pumped from the collection tank to the
surface by a float-operated pump.   The water pumped from each pond is
metered so that a quantity of water drained can be directly compared to the
rainfall measured at the site.

6. 2. 3      Groundwater Well Construction

           A groundwater well has been constructed approximately 100
feet from each pond in the groundwater  upstream direction for background
water quality measurements.  The wells are constructed of either 4- or
6-in. diam plastic pipe,  anchored  in concrete,  packed with clay to prevent
seepage down the well shaft,  and installed to  extend from 3 to 5 feet below
the water table.  The pipe is covered  with a force-fit plastic cover.

           Groundwater wells have been constructed on the berms of
Ponds  B, C,  D, and E to measure the quality of groundwater at those
locations.  These wells are located downstream from the pond relative
to the direction of groundwater flow.  Newly constructed Ponds  F, G, and
H do not have groundwater wells installed on the pond berms; a  single well
to be installed  in the downstream direction to monitor these ponds is planned.

6. 3        WEATHER DATA STATION

           A data-taking station,  containing  both recording and non-
recording instrumentation, has been installed for the purpose of determin-
ing weather conditions at the site that may affect the disposal evaluations.
                                  27

-------
^M^B«>
vM^to^x^
                                                 QUARTZITE
                                                   SAND
                                                  DIATOMA-
                                                  CEOUS
                                                  EARTH
                                                 QUARTZITE
                                                    SAND
                         Is
                                                 QUARTZITE
                                                   ROCK
                                                 AND SAND
             Figure 9.  Leachate collection well
                          28

-------
            SAND:
      4-in. PVC LINE-
GRAVITY DRAIN,
18-in. DROP IN GRADE,
MANUAL VALVE-
                     SIDE VIEW
           4-in. PVC, 1/8-in. HOLES
           DRILLED IN TOP HALF
           ON 2-in. CENTERS, BOTH
           DIRECTIONS
               -SECTION
               .DETAIL (NTS)
                                            NOTE: Pump
                                            and collection
                                            tank pit to be
                                            weather and
                                            personnel
                                            protected
                                                  rFLOW METER
                                                         DRAIN

                                                      FLOAT-
                                                      CONTROLLED
                                                      PUMP
                      100-gal LEACHATE
                      COLLECTION TANK,
                      PLASTIC
         4-in. PVC SUBDRAIN, SLOPED
         TO PROVIDE GRAVITY DRAIN
                                               PIT FOR LEACHATE
                                               COLLECTION TANK
                                               ^-COLLECTION
                                                TANK
                                                4-in. PVC PIPE,
                                                HOLE IN BERM
                                                SEALED WITH
                                                PIPE COLLAR,
                                                AND TAMPED
                                                CLAY
                     PLAIN VIEW
Figure  10.  Underdrain system installed in Ponds F and G
                            29

-------
Initially,  this station was located in the vicinity of Pond A; however, since
February 1975, it has been located in the vicinity of Pond D.  Measurements
made at this station include the following:

            a.   Air and water  temperature

            b.   Precipitation

            c.   Evaporation

            d.   Wind movement

            e.   Relative humidity

            f.   Solar radiation
                                  30

-------
                           SECTION VII


                   OPERATIONS AND SCHEDULES
           Operations began on this field evaluation program in September
1974, with the completion of construction of the first five disposal ponds,
A through E (described in Section 6. 2).   Pond filling for these initial ponds,
for both untreated and treated sludges, was completed by mid-April 1975.
Pond Al  was constructed and filled with sludge transferred from the deactiv-
ated Pond A in May 1976 (Figures 11 and 12).   Three additional ponds, F,
G, and H, were constructed in the fall of 1976, and one of these, Pond G,
was  filled in October 1976.   Ponds F and H were filled early in  1977,  after
the present reporting period. Analyses are being  conducted  on  soils,  in-
put sludge, treated sludge,  groundwater, leachate, and supernate (as
applicable) for all of the filled ponds.

7. 1        POND FILLING AND CHEMICAL TREATMENT

           The six disposal ponds  Al,  B, C, D,  E, and G were filled
with sludges representing a cross section of scrubber effluent conditions.
The  three ponds filled with  untreated sludge (A, D, and G) were selected
for evaluation of both lime and limestone scrubbing waste disposal,  includ-
ing ash-free sludge and sludge containing fly ash,  drained and undrained
ponds, and a variation  in the degree of sludge dewatering.  The materials
used in the evaluation  of chemical treatment also represented various
disposal  operating  conditions.  Pond B was filled using limestone sludge
clarifier underflow chemically treated by Dravo Corporation and placed in
the pond  under conditions approximating  disposal behind a dam.   Pond C
was  filled using lime sludge that had been dewatered by centrifuging,
chemically treated by IU Conversion Systems,  Inc. ,  and stored in a pond
under conditions representing a low spot in a landfill in which rainfall
collects.  Pond  E  was filled with limestone sludge clarifier underflow
chemically treated by  Chemfix,  Inc. ,  and placed in the pond  under conditions
similar to those for Pond C.  Details  of the pond filling operations for
Ponds A  through E are described  in the initial report on this  project
(Ref. 1), including processor recommendations on additive quantities  for
each of the three treatment processes.  Descriptions of the two  ponds
filled during 1976,  i. e. , Al and G, are detailed in the following sub-
sections.
                                 31

-------
   Figure 11.  Pond Al, May 1976
Figure 12.  Pond Al,  September 1976
                 32

-------
7. 1. 1      Pond Al

           The site on which Pond A was located was adjacent to the
main coal storage area for the Shawnee power plant.   Because of operational
needs at the power plant,  the coal supply was expanded in April 1976, and
it was no longer possible to continue the operation of Pond A.  In mid-April,
1100 cu ft of sludge was removed from the pond and stored in 55-gallon
drums until a new site could be prepared.  The site selected for the new
pond,  designated Pond Al, is 0. 5 miles  south of the generating plant, in the
vicinity of the other seven ponds.  Pond  Al was constructed with  2:3 slopes
and equipped with a leachate well at its center.   The pond is 10 by 10 feet
at the top of the berm and is 6 feet deep.  The stored  sludge was  placed in
the  pond to a depth of 3 feet on 10 May 1976.   Access  to the leachate well
is provided through the use  of a board placed across the berms adjacent to
the  well.  Views  of Pond Al taken in May and September 1976 are shown in
Figures  11 and 12.

7. 1. 2      Pond G

           Pond G was filled during the period of 30 September to 5 October
1976 with sludge  from the Chemico venturi spray tower scrubber during an
ash-free run,  using lime as the absorbent.   The ash-free sludge  was de-
watered  by centrifuging, mixed with fly ash,  and loaded into rotary mix
trucks for transport to  the pond.  The ash-free sludge was obtained from
the  Bird centrifuge at a solids content of approximately 41 to 42 weight
percent and fed by conveyor belt to the concrete mix truck.  Fly  ash,
mixed in a  ratio of 2:1 (two  parts mechanically collected and one  part
electrostatic precipitator-collected),  was added manually to the  centrifuge
cake on the conveyor belt,  in a quantity equivalent to 20 weight percent of
the  total solids in the sludge.   The trucks were loaded at a rate of approxi-
mately 0. 9 cu yd/hr.  The sludge mix (at a solids content of approximately
45 to 47  weight percent) and layered fly ash were placed in the pond during
a single  loading operation each day.  For each loading sequence,  a layer of
fly ash (same 2:1  ratio) was placed in the pond, and the sludge was immed-
iately poured over it.  The layers of sludge varied in  depth from  5. 7 to 9
inches,  and the fly ash layers  ranged between 1. 5 and 2. 0 inches in depth.
A total of six layers, each,  of sludge and fly ash was  used.  As many as
three concrete trucks were  used in one day,  having capacities  of  7, 7-1/2,
and 9 cu yd, respectively.   To fill the pond,  a total of approximately 64 cu
yd of centrifuge cake was used and a total of 22 cu yd  of fly ash.   A fly ash
layer was put down first on  the surface of the sand,  and a layer of sludge
mix was then placed on the fly ash.  Succeeding layers of fly ash  and sludge
mix were placed  in the pond, with the top layer being  sludge.   Photographs
of Pond G taken during  and after filling are shown in Figures 13  and  14,  and
photographs of Ponds B, C, D, and E are shown in Figures 15 through 22.

7. 2        SCHEDULES

           A schedule for the overall evaluation program and  separate
schedules for the activities  at  each pond are  shown in Tables 4 through  12.
The activities that have been completed are indicated  by solid triangles.
                                 33

-------
Figure 13. Pond G during filling,  October 1976
           (sludge being poured on layered fly ash)
  Figure 14. Pond G during filling, October 1976
             (photo taken 16 hours after pouring
             of sludge layer)
                        34

-------
Figure 15.  Pond B, December 1975
   Figure 16.  Pond B, May 1976
                35

-------
Figure 17.  Pond C, December 1975
   Figure 18.  Pond C, May 1976
                36

-------
   Figure 19.  Pond D,  December 1975
Figure 20.  Evaporation pan located adjacent
           to Pond D, May 1976
                    37

-------
Figure 21.  Pond E, December 1975
                                        -.
   Figure 22.  Pond E,  May 1976
                 38

-------
               TABLE 4.  GENERAL SCHEDULE:   EPA/TVA SHAWNEE SLUDGE
                            DISPOSAL FIELD DEMONSTRATION
TASKS
PONDS FILLED
POND A
POND B
POND C
POND D
POND E
PROGRAM REVIEW
MEETINGS
FIXATION REVIEW
MEETINGS
(1 doy tor each fl union
contnctor)
CLIMATOLOGICAL/
HYDRAULIC DATA
REPORTING
DOCUMENTATION
REPORTS
INTERIM
DRAFT
DISTRIBUTE
AGENCIEV
CONTRACTOR

TVA
DKAVO(D)
lUCi (D
TVA
CHEMFIX (C)
EPA/TVA/
BECHTEl
EPA/TVA/

BECHTEL/
CONTRACTORS
TVA




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-------
              TABLE  5.    PONDA/A1:   LIME SLUDGE,   FILTER CAKE,  UNTREATED;
                                 FILL  CONTRACTOR,  TVA


1. PONO_ CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAUPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACHATC ANALYSIS
SAUPLE
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE AND STORE FILTER

SAUPLE FILTRATE DAILY
ANALYZE
ANALYZE COMPOSITE SAUPLE
4. GROUND WATER WELLS
CONSTRUCTION (2 will)

ANALYZE
5. LEACHATE WELL
CONSTRUCTION
SAUPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
6. SUPER NATE

SAMPLE
ANALYZE



TVA
TVA


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TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE

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-------
            TABLE  6.   POND B:   LIMESTONE SLUDGE,   CLARIFIER  UNDERFLOW,
                                TREATED;  TREATMENT  CONTRACTOR,  DRAVO

TASKS
1. POND CONSTRUCTION
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACH ATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGC ANALYSIS
SAMPLE CLARIFIER
UNDERFLOW DAILY

ANALYZE COMPOSITE X SOLIDS
ANALYZE COMPOSITE LIQUOR
ANALYZE COMPOSITE DRY SOLIDS
4. GROUND WATER WELLS
CONSTRUCTION (2 mill)

ANALYZE
3. LEACHATE WELL
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
ft. SUPERNATE
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
T. TREATED SLUDGE
INPUT MATERIAL
SAMPLE DAILY
RETAIN FOR CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS
CORES
SAMPLE
ANALYZE



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-------
                                TABLE  7.    POND C:   LIME SLUDGE,  CENTRIGUGE CAKE,  TREATED;
                                                   TREATMENT  CONTRACTOR,   IUCS


1 POND CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACHATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
3. INPUT UNTREATED SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE CAKE DAILY
ANALYZE COMPOSITE % SOLIDS
ANALYZE COMPOSITE LIQUOR
ANALYZE COMPOSITE DRY SOLIDS
4. GROUND WATER WELLS
CONSTRUCTION (2 welli)
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
5. LEACHATE WELL
CONSTRUCTION

ANALYZE
6. SUPER NATE

ANALYZE
7. TREATED SLUDGE
INPUT MATERIAL

SAMPLE DAILY
RETAIN FOR CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS
CORES

SAMPLE
ANALYZE



TVA
IUCS


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-------
             TABLE 8.   POND D:  LIMESTONE,   CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW,  UNTREATED;
                              FILL CONTRACTOR,  TVA


1. POND CONSTRUCTION.
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
SLUDGE REMOVAL
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACH ATE ANALYSIS
UMPLE (tollonlrt
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE AND STORE CLARIFIER
UNDERFLOW DAILY
ANALYZE SEPARATED LIOUOR
FROM UNDERFLOW
ANALYZE COMPOSITE SAMPLE
4. GROUND WATER WELL
CONSTRUCTION

'ANALYZE
ANALYZE
S. LEACHATE WELL
CONSTRUCTION
UMPLE
ANALYZE
6. SUPER NATE
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE



TVA
TVA
CKEMFIX


TVA
TVA

TVA
AEROSPACE

TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE

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TVA
AEROSPACE

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-------
                TABLE 9.    POND E:   LIMESTONE,   CLARIFIER  UNDERFLOW,   TREATED;
                                     TREATMENT  CONTRACTOR,   CHEMFIX


1. POND CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACH ATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
3. INPUT UNTREATED SLUDGE0
SAMPLE POND D SLUDGE
DURING FIXATION (A umplet


ANALYZE COMPOSITE X SOLIDS
ANALYZE COMPOSITE LIQUOR
ANALYZE COMPOSITE DRY
SOLIDS
4. GROUND WATER WELLS
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
S. LEACH ATE WELL
CONSTRUCTION


ANALYZE
6. SUPERNATE

ANALYCE
7. TREATED SLUDGE
INPUT TREATED SLUDGE6
SAMPLE PERIODICALLY
(minlmumof A temple*)

RETAIN FOR CONTINGENCY
ANALYSIS '
CORES
SAMPLE
ANALYZE



TVA
CHEMFIX

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-------
                      TABLE 10.   POND F:  LIMESTONE,  CLARIFIER UNDERFLOW,  UNTREATED;
                                       FILL CONTRACTOR,  TVA
TASKS
1. PONP CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACHATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE (toll only)
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE AND STORE CLARIFIER
UNDERFLOW DAILY
ANALYZE SEPARATED LIQUOR
FROM UNDERFLOW
ANALYZE COMPOSITE SAMPLE
4. GROUND WATER WELL
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
S. UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
CONTRACTOR
TVA
TVA
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
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-------
                    TABLE  11.
POND G:  LIME,  CENTRIFUGE CAKE,  UNTREATED;
FILL CONTRACTOR,  TVA

TASKS

1. POND CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACH ATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE (soil only)
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE AND STORE CENTRIFUGE
CAKE DAILY
ANALYZE SEPARATED LIQUOR
FROM CENTRIFUGE CAKE
ANALYZE COMPOSITE SAMPLE
4. GROUND WATER WELL
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
5. UNOERDRAIN SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE

CONTRACTOR


TVA
TVA


TVA
TVA

TVA
AEROSPACE

TVA

TVA

AEROSPACE

TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE

TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
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-------
                 TABLE  12.
POND H:  LIMESTONE,  OXIDIZED SULFITE,  CLARIFIER
UNDERFLOW AND FILTER CAKE,  UNTREATED; FILL
CONTRACTOR,  TVA
TASKS
1. POND CONSTRUCTION
AVAILABLE FOR FILLING
FILLING
2. SOIL CORING
SOIL CHARACTERIZATION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
SOIL LEACHATE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE (soil only)
ANALYZE
3. INPUT SLUDGE ANALYSIS
SAMPLE AND STORE DAILY
ANALYZE SEPARATED LIQUOR
ANALYZE COMPOSITE SAMPLE
4. GROUND WATER WELL
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
5. UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION
SAMPLE
ANALYZE
ANALYZE
CONTRACTOR
TVA
TVA
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
TVA
TVA
TVA
AEROSPACE
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Note: Activity dotes do not reflect shipping time

-------
7. 3         SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS

            In order to evaluate the environmental acceptability of storing
FGD wastes in ponds,  periodic monitoring and analysis of pond liquors,
groundwater,  sludge,  and soil were performed.  As indicated on the sched-
ules presented in Tables  4 through 12, the program requires bimonthly
sampling and analysis of  groundwater, leachate, and supernate.  The
groundwater associated with the ponds is sampled  from wells in two typical
locations, i. e. , from background wells in the vicinity of the ponds and from
wells located adjacent to  the ponds.  The leachate  or under drainage, as
appropriate, from each pond is monitored for major constituents (e. g. ,
calcium, sulfate, sulfite,  chloride, and total dissolved solids), as well as
pH and trace elements  considered potentially objectionable in public water
supplies.  Pond supernate is also monitored for the same items.

            In addition, core samples are obtained semiannually of the soil
at the bottom of the ponds and of the sludge in the three ponds which contain
treated material.  The chemically treated sludge core samples are analyzed
for  both physical and chemical characteristics (Section 8. 3. ),  and the soil
samples are analyzed to determine the concentration of major  constituents
(Section 8. 4).   The core samples are obtained using a hydraulically powered
drill rig and 4-in.-diam steel coring tubes.  Since January 1976, the coring
tubes for Ponds C and E have been equipped with cutting teeth and are
rotated while being pressed into the hardened  sludge material.   The samples
from the other ponds are obtained using nonrotating smooth-edge coring
tubes.  Prior to use of the sharpened,  rotating coring tool,  all samples
were obtained by means of the smooth-edged tool.

            In one instance,  at the time of the original coring of the chem-
ically treated ponds (May 1975),  the coring crew could not drive the
smooth-edged tool through the treated sludge and therefore used a backhoe
to reach the region of the sludge-soil interface in  Ponds B and C.   In
November 1975,  it was observed that the leachate well in Pond B  refilled
rapidly after the leachate samples were obtained,  and it was assumed that
the backhoe operation had set up a direct path from the supernate to the
well; however, the actual cause of the quick refilling could not definitely
be established.  A second leachate well was constructed at the east  end of
Pond B (LWB2) in May 1976,  and samples were obtained from  both leachate
wells, starting in July 1976.  The new leachate well has performed  satis-
factorily since its installation.

            Although the  backhoe coring pit in Pond C was refilled and com-
pacted, there was concern over the effects of the coring operation.  How-
ever, subsequent tests indicate that there is no direct path from the coring
pit  to the leachate well.  Jn addition, these tests also indicate  that there
are alternate  paths for rainwater to  reach the leachate well other than through
the disruption caused  by the coring operation.  These alternate paths  ap-
parently consist of vertical and lateral cracks in the sludge material
probably caused by less than optimum compaction and formation of  shrink-
age cracks  during curing.  These conditions can be minimized in  full-
scale applications (Section 4. 5. 1).
                                  48

-------
Figure 23.  Drilling rig used for core sampling

r
   Figure 24.  Drill bit and pipe used for
              groundwater well construction
              and soil sampling
                      49

-------
Figure 25.  Soil coring sample taken during
            groundwater well construction
  Figure 26.  Closeup of soil core  sample
                     50

-------
            Pond Al has not been soil-cored because of possible damage
to the leachate well in the restricted space at the bottom of this small
pond, and Pond G will not be cored until a sufficient evaluation has been
made of the underdrain system.  Photographs of soil core  sampling oper-
ations are shown in Figures 23 through 26.

            During the filling of each of the ponds, the input material was
sampled and the liquid portion analyzed for the parameters in Table 13.
The results of the analyses of pond input liquors are shown in Appendix B.
A description of the sampling for each pond is given in Reference  1.  The
input materials for Pond G  were sampled during filling,  but the results of
analyses were not available by the end of October and will  be presented in
the next report.

            Once each year, a full chemical characterization is performed
on the leachate from each pond.  The results of the first of these analyses,
performed on samples obtained in January 1976, are shown in Appendix B.
            Table 13.  WATER ANALYSIS PARAMETERS'
           Arsenic

           Boron

           Calcium

           Lead

           Magnesium

           Mercury

           Selenium

           Total Alkalinity
Chloride

Sulfate

Sulfiteb

Conductance,  mmho/cm

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

PH

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

Sodium
             Concentration:  mg/£ unless otherwise indicated.

             Applies to analyses of pond input liquors only.
                                 51

-------
                           SECTION VIII
                      RESULTS OF ANALYSES
8. 1         UNTREATED SLUDGE

8. 1. 1       Pond A/A1 Water Analyses

            Groundwater at the site of Pond A was monitored periodically
by means of two wells.  Leachate was collected periodically from a well
located below the floor of the pond, and supernate was sampled from the
surface of the pond.  Analysis of each of these water sources was made
bimonthly by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and semiannually by
The Aerospace Corporation.  The concentrations  of the three major con-
stituents of  sludge liquor  (calcium, sulfate, and chloride) and the total
dissolved solids (TDS) measured in the water from both groundwater wells,
the supernate,  and  the leachate have  been plotted  as functions of the time
after pond filling in Figures  27, 28, and 29.  In April 1976,  Pond A was
eliminated because of interference with coal storage requirements.  Some
of the Pond  A sludge was  transferred to the site of the other ponds and was
impounded in a new pond designated Al (Figure 7).  The last plotted data
points  for supernate (Figure 28) and leachate (Figure  29) were obtained for
samples taken from Pond Al.

            The two groundwater wells were monitored for periods  of 11 and
32 weeks prior to the filling  of the pond.  Groundwater well GWA1,  which
was monitored earlier than GWA2, usually showed higher concentrations
of constituents and  higher TDS.  However, the differences usually were not
great,  and occasional reversals of the levels were observed; hence, the
data for  both wells  have been plotted  together without  distinction in  Figure 27.
The only discernible trend in the data is an apparent decrease in  the TDS
level in each well near the end of  the monitoring period.   There are no  in-
dications of increases in concentration levels that could be attributed to  the
pond.

            The concentrations of TDS and major  constituents in the super-
nate in Pond A/A1 are plotted in Figure 28.  These values decrease with
time from initial levels which are characteristic  of the pond input liquor.
In late 1975, the concentrations increased,  presumably as a result of in-
creased  water evaporation from the supernate caused by the dry seasonal
                                 53

-------
9001
800)
7001
6001
500 f
                                      Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                      Open Fiqure-TVA Analysis

                                                      o IDS
                                                      o Cl
                                                      a S04
                                                      o Ca
4001
300)
200
100
                                  A


                                AA
           -40      -30     -20     -10
0      10      20      30
 WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
                                                                     40
50
       60
                                                   70
                Figure 27.   Concentrations of TDS and major  species in
                               Pond A groundwater

-------
7500,-
6000 -
4500 -
3000 -
1500 -
                                                                                                                          OTDS
                                                                                                                          act
                                                                                                                          a 504
                                                                                                                          OCa

                                                                                                                   Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                                                   Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                                                                                                   Pond A discontinued on 4/15/76;
                                                                                                                   Sludge llScuyd) transferred to
                                                                                                                   Pond A ion 5/10/76
                                                                                                                                       IDS
   0


  10/7/74
  10


12/16/74
 20


2/24/75
 30


5/5/75
 40             50
WEEKS AFTER POND FIUING

7/14/75          1122m
   CALENDAR DATES
 60


12/1/75
 70


2/9/76
     80
     I
   4/19/76

POND A POND Al
  90


6/28/76
          Figure  28.   Concentrations  of  TDS and major  species  in Pond A/A1  supernate

-------
Ui
                   8000
                   7000
                   6000
                   3000
                5 4000
                oc
                    3000
                    2000
                    1000
                              INPUT LIQUOR TDS • 8285 mqll
                              AVERAGE
                                                                                                       O TDS
                                                                                                       0 Cl
                                                                                                       A S04
                                                                                                      O Ca

                                                                                                Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                                Open figure-TVA Analysis

                                                                                                 Note: Pond A discontinued on 4/15/76;
                                                                                                     Sludge (IScuyd) transferred to
                                                                                                     Pond Al on 5/10/76
                                                                                                              I
                       0

                     10/7/74
  10

12/16/74
 20

2/24/75
 30

5/5/75
  40              50
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
 7/14/75          9/22/75
     CALENDAR DATE
 60


12/1/75
 70

2/9/76
                                                                                                                                             80
                                                                                                                                                               TDS
                                                                                                                                                           90
4/19/76   '        6/28/76

 POND A | POND Al
                             Figure  29.   Concentrations  of TDS and major  species in  Pond A/A1  leachate

-------
climate.  A similar fluctuation appears near the end of the period
monitored.

           As shown in Figure 29,  the concentrations of major constituents
in the leachate of Pond A/A1 increased with time from low values (when the
pond was  filled and contained rainwater in the region of the leachate well)
to maximum values that are comparable to those in the pond input liquor.
With the exception of the sulfate concentration, which remained relatively
constant,  the levels of the major constituents were decreasing with time
when the pond was retired.  From analyses of the single sample of leachate
taken at the new pond location, LWA1,  in July 1976, it appears that the
trends are continuing.

           In Figure 30, the concentrations of magnesium and boron and
four trace elements in the leachate of Pond A/A1 have been plotted vs time
after pond filling.   The concentrations  of all six minor constituents, which
span a range of six orders of magnitude,  are relatively constant over  most
of the period monitored.  Only for the three highest level elements, mag-
nesium, boron, and lead,  is there evidence that the concentrations increased
from lower initial values to the stable levels characteristic of the remainder
of the period monitored.  For mercury, the concentration level appears to
be decreasing slightly with time,  while for arsenic and selenium there may
be slightly increasing concentration levels  toward the end of the period
monitored.   The scatter of the data  makes  assessments of trends  for these
elements  rather unreliable.  Furthermore,  the transfer of sludge to another
location and the construction of a  new leachate well add to the uncertainty of
the last data points.

8. 1. 2      Pond D Water  Analyses

           Pond D was filled twice.  Most of the material from the first
filling was removed,  chemically treated by Chemfix,  and transferred  to
Pond E.  In Figure 31, the concentrations of TDS and major constituents
in GWD, the single groundwater well associated with Pond D,  have been
plotted  as functions of time after the first filling of the pond.   Although the
concentrations of calcium and sulfate in the groundwater remained constant
during the period monitored,  the  concentration of chloride and the TDS
increased.  During this period, the  fact that calcium and  sulfate concen-
trations were low and constant and the  chloride concentration  in the leachate
decreased indicates that the increase of chloride and  TDS concentration
levels in the groundwater was not a  consequence of the pond.

            The TDS and the concentrations of the major constituents in
the supernate of Pond D change with time as shown by the plots of Figure  32.
Initial decreases are observed from the values measured immediately
after the first pond filling,  which  correspond to those reported for the pond
input sludge  liquor.   Following this,  seasonal variations are observed in
which the concentrations increase during hot dry weather as a result of
net water loss  by evaporation and decrease again when cooler weather and
increased rainfall cause additional dilution.
                                  57

-------
    10'
   101
23
oi

e
o



i 10"

5
LU
CJ
•z.
o
o
   10
   10
    -2
   10
    -4
              D
           O Mg

           D B

           A Pb

           O As

           o Se

           £ Hg


Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis

Open  Figure-TVA Analysis

    A
                                                         I
              10       .20       3Q       40       50       60


                                     WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
 70       80       90       100
       Figure  30.  Concentrations  of minor  species in Pond A leachate
                                            58

-------
   900
   800
   700
   600
z  500
O  TDS
D  Cl
a  so4
O  Ca

Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open Figure-TVA Analysis
o
<
   400
  300
  200
   100
                                                                                    SO,
         -10      0
                 OCT
                 74
          10      20       30     40      50      60

                        WEEKS AFTER FIRST POND FILLING

                                       OCT
                                       75
                                                                    70
                                                                           80
                                                                                  90
                                                                                         100
OCT
 76
           Figure  31.   Concentrations of TDS and major  species  in
                          Pond D groundwater
                                             59

-------
               7500
O--
O
               6000
               4500
             <->  3000
                1500
                   0

                 10/20/74
                                                                                                                        O  IDS
                                                                                                                        O  C\
                                                                                                                        &  S04
                                                                                                                        O  Ca

                                                                                                                 Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                                                 Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                                                                                                NOTE: First filling completed on 10/20/74;
                                                                                                                     Second filling completed on 2/5/75
  10

12/30/74
  20

3/10/75
                                                             30
                                                            5/19/75
 40             50
WEEKS AFTER FIRST POND FILLING
7/28/75           10/6/75
      CALENDAR DATES
                                                                                                       12/15/75
  70

2/23/76
 80

5/3/76
 90

7/12/76
 100

9/20/76
                                Figure 32.    Concentrations of TDS  and major species  in Pond  D supernate

-------
            The composition of the leachate from Pond D as a function of
time is shown by the plots of Figure 33.  The concentrations of the major
constituents and the TDS increase rapidly immediately after the first pond
filling,  reflecting the dilution effect of rainwater in the well area, and con-
tinue to rise at a greatly reduced rate following the second filling.  Start-
ing in midsummer of 1975, the concentrations of chloride and TDS begin to
decrease, while the concentrations of calcium and sulfate remain relatively
constant.  There is  some evidence of seasonally related fluctuations  in
concentrations,  particularly near the end of the period monitored.  A
similar pattern of variation with time is  shown by the concentrations of  the
six minor constituents of the leachate from Pond D.  These data have been
plotted as a function of time after the second filling of the pond  (Figure  34).
The seasonally related variations are apparent for each of the six elements,
but for mercury the measured values are just above the detection limits
(2X10   mg//) so that conclusions regarding fluctuations of the data  with
time are not very reliable.

8. 2         TREATED SLUDGE
8. 2. 1       Pond B Water Analyses

            Pond B was filled in April 1975 with sludge which had been chem-
ically treated by Dravo.   One of the two groundwater wells associated with
the pond had been monitored for 22 weeks prior to pond filling.  The con-
centrations of the major constituents and TDS were constant during the
period monitored, as shown by the plots of Figure 35.  The composition
of the supernate immediately after pond filling corresponds to that of the
pond input sludge.  The concentrations of the major constituents and TDS
decreased rapidly after pond filling,  as shown in Figure 36,  but increased
during the hot, dry seasons  and decreased again when cooler weather and
greater rainfall brought about greater dilution of the  supernate  constituents.
The same constituents of the leachate showed  an initial rapid rise in concen-
tration after pond filling showing the dilution effects of rainwater in the
well area and then tapered off in the  spring of 1976 as shown  by the plots of
Figure 37.  The concentrations of  major constituents and TDS subsequently
increased after the new well (LWB2) was installed in May 1976.  The con-
centrations of the six minor species, however,  remained relatively constant
throughout the entire period monitored, as shown by  the plots of Figure 38.

8. 2. 2       Pond C Water Analyses

            Pond C was filled in April 1975 with sludge chemically treated
by IUCS.  The groundwater wells associated with the pond were monitored
for a period of about 38 weeks prior  to the filling of the pond.  Except for
minor fluctuations after pond filling, particularly for the sulfate concen-
tration, the concentrations  of major  species and TDS were relatively con-
stant over the period monitored (Figure 39).   In contrast, the concentrations
of the major constituents and TDS  in the pond  supernate varied  widely
during the period monitored, as shown by the  plots of Figure 40.  The
maxima in the curves  correspond to  dry  seasonal periods when the  super-
nate receded so that only a  small portion of the surface of the pond  was
                                  61

-------
                7500
                6000
                4500
                3000
CO
                1500
                   0

                 10/20/71
                              INPUT LIQUOR TDS • 5375 mg//
                              AVERAGE 12nd lining)
                                  I
                                                 I
  10

12/30(74
 20

3/10/75
 30

5/19/75
                                                                                 O  TDS
                                                                                 O  Cl
                                                                                 a  S04
                                                                                 O  Ca

                                                                         Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                         Open Figure-TVA Analysis


                                                                         NOTE; 1st filling completed on 10/20/74:
                                                                             2nd filling completed on 2/5/75
  40              50             60
WEEKS AFTER FIRST POND FILLING
 7/28/75          10/6/75          12/15/75
      CALENDAR  DATES
 70

2/23/76
 90

7/12/76
 100

9/20/76
                               Figure  33.    Concentrations  of TDS and major  species in  Pond D  leachate

-------
                                                   o
                                                   D
                                                   A
                                                   O
                                                   o
                                     Mg
                                     B
                                     Pb
                                     As
                                     Se
                                     Hg
                                         Closed  Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                         Open Figure-TVA Analysis
         10
20
 30       40      50      60
WEEKS AFTER SECOND POND FILLING
80
J
90
Figure  34.  Concentrations of minor  species in Pond D leachate
                                    63

-------
   7001—
   600
   500
en

z 400
   300
o
o
   200
   100
             D I
                                                                    O  IDS
                                                                    D  Cl
                                                                    A  S04
                                                                    O  Ca

                                                          Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                          Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                                                                              IDS
-30      -20      -10
                                       10      20       30       40
                                        WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
                                                                                60
70
80
     Figure 35.   Concentrations  of TDS and major species in Pond B groundwater

-------
 6000
 5000
                                                                        O TDS
                                                                        Q Cl
                                                                        A S04
                                                                        Oca
                                                                Closed figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                Open Figure-TVA Analysis
'4000
     0

   4/14/75
  10

6/23/76
  20

9/1/75
  30              40
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
11/8/75          1/19/76
   CALENDAR DATES
3/29/76
                                                                                                 60
6/7/76
 70

8/16/76
           Figure  36.   Concentrations of TDS and major  species in Pond B supernate

-------
5000
4000
3000
                 INPUT LIQUOR TDS
                 BEFORE TREATMENT • 5685 mgli
                 AVERAGE
        O TDS
        D Cl
        * so4
        O Ca
Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open figure-TVA  Analysis
   LEACHATE WELL LWB2 INSTALLED
             5/12/76
                                                                                                      O (LWB2)
                                                                                                       A

                                                                                                       O
                                                                                                       D
uo •'

4/14/75

10

6/23/75

20

9/1/75

30 40
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
11/8/75 1/19/76
CALENDAR DATES
50

3/29/76

60

6/7/76

70

8/16/76

         Figure  37.   Concentrations  of TDS and major species in Pond B leachate

-------
                   O  Mg
                   D  B
                   A  Pb
                   £>  AS   Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                      5e   Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                      Hg
                                          Mg
0       10
20       30      40      50
   WEEKS AFTER  POND FILLING
Figure 38.   Concentrations  of minor species in
              Pond B leachate
                         67

-------
               900,
               800
               700
                           O IDS
                           D Cl
                           A S04
                           O Ca
                    Closed Rgure-Aerospace Analysis
                    Open Rgure-TVA Analysis
               600
               500
oo
               400
             o
             o
               300
               200
               100
                  -50     -40     -30     -20     -10
10      20      30      40      50      60
  WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
70      80      90      100
                      Figure  39.   Concentrations  of TDS and major species in  Pond  C groundwater

-------
                5000
                4000
             '-; 3000
              w
             <
             Cf.
             8 2000
vD
                1000
                  0
                                                                                                         o
                                                                                                         •
                                                   I
                                  I
                                 _L
                                   I
                                                                                            O TDS
                                                                                            D Cl
                                                                                            A S04
                                                                                            O Ca
                                                                                 Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                 Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                      POND DRAINED FOR
                                       CORING SAMPLE,
                                           1/15/76
                  I
                   0

                  4/21/75
 10

6/30/75
 20

9/8/75
  30              40
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
 11/17/75           1/26/76
 CALENDAR DATES
 50

4/5/76
 60

6/14/76
                  I
 70

8/23/76
                             Figure 40.   Concentrations  of TDS and major  species  in Pond  C  supernate

-------
covered.  The minima correspond to cooler and/or more rainy periods
when most of the pond surface was covered.  Dilution of the supernate with
rainwater caused the decreased concentration levels that were observed.

           In the leachate from Pond C, the concentrations of the major
species and TDS changed with time in a pattern different from those of the
other ponds,  as shown in Figure 41.   The concentrations one week after
pond filling were high, approximately one half of the corresponding values
in the pond input liquor.   This is believed to be the result of a dry leachate
well at the time that the  pond was filled.   The concentration of calcium
decreased  rapidly to a level which remained constant to the end of the period
monitored.   The chloride concentration also decreased to a level which
remained until early in 1976, when it decreased abruptly to a  minimum,
then increased slightly,  and was again decreasing  at the end of the period
monitored.   It is possible that there was a correlation between the vari-
ation of chloride concentration with time in the leachate and in the pond
supernate (Figure 40).  The concentration of sulfate decreased initially
and then increased, first rapidly and then at a slow rate which persisted
to the end of  the period monitored.  As expected, the TDS curve reflected
a composite  of the other curves.  No samples were available for analysis
in November 1975 because the leachate well was dry.  The time-dependent
variations of the concentrations of the  six minor elements are shown in
Figure 42.   For five elements,  the concentrations were  relatively constant
over the period monitored,  but for boron there is  evidence of  a uniform
rate of increase in concentration with time which persists to the end of the
period.

8. 2. 3      Pond E Water Analyses

           The material used in the initial filling  of Pond D was chemically
treated  by  Chemfix and transferred to  Pond E in December  1974.  Because
of unseasonably dry conditions at that time, no leachate well data for Pond
E were  obtained until February 1975.   One of the two groundwater wells
associated with Pond E had been monitored for a period of 17  weeks prior
to pond  filling.   A second groundwater well was also monitored beginning
10 weeks after pond filling.  TDS and major constituent concentrations for
these wells have been plotted in Figure 43.  No trends that can be attrib-
uted to the effects of Pond E treated  sludge are apparent.

           For Pond E supernate, the TDS and concentrations of major
constituents, including sodium, have been plotted in Figure 44.  Although
no data  were available for the first nine weeks  after pond filling,  the first
measured concentrations are far below the levels for the untreated input
material.  Subsequently,  the concentrations varied with the seasons in the
same manner as  has been described previously.  The sodium  and chloride
concentrations decreased with time,  and the sulfate and calcium concentra-
tions increased with time during the period monitored.

           For the leachate of Pond E, the concentrations of  major con-
stituents, including sodium, and the TDS have been plotted in  Figure 45,
and plots of the concentrations of six minor constituents  are shown in
Figure 46.   No data points are available for the first nine weeks after pond
                                 70

-------
   5000
   4000
-  3000
t
•z.
LU
U
   1000
                         INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                         BEFORE TREATMENT • 9530 mg/l
                         AVERAGE'
                                                                                  O TDS
                                                                                  D Cl
                                                                                  A S04
                                                                                  O Ca

                                                                        Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                        Open Rgure-TVA Analysis
                       I
                                       I
                                                                                       I
                                                                                                       I
                                                                                                               •TDS
                                                                                                              Ca
                                                                                                              Cl
       0


     4/21/75
 10


6/30/75
 20


9/8/75
  30              40 -
WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING

 11/17/75           1/26/76
     CALENDAR  DATES
 50


4/5/76
 60


6/14/76
  70


8/23/76
             Figure 41.   Concentrations  of  TDS and  major  species  in  Pond C leachate

-------
    10'
    101
< 10
     -1
o
o
   10
     -2
   10
   10
     -3
k
                 O  Mg
                 O  B
                 A  pb
                 O  As
                 o  Se
                    Hq
Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open Rgure-TVA Analysis
                         I
                                  Se
                                                                 .Hg
                         I
j
                L
       0       10       20       30       40       50

                          WEEKS AFTER  POND  FILLING
                                                  60       70
         Figure 42.   Concentrations of minor  species
                       in Pond C leachate
                                 72

-------
   900,-
   800
   700
   600
*.- 500
o
•z.
o
   400
   300
   200
   100
      —  O
             O
                                                        O TDS
                                                        D Cl
                                                        A S04
                                                        O Ca
                                              Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                              Open.Figure-TVA  Analysis
                                                       O
                                                       1.
                                                       •sr
                                                              JLL
                                                                                             TDS
                                                                                 Cl
      -20
-10
10       20      30       40       50
           WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
                                                                         60
                                                                   70
80
90
    Figure 43.   Concentrations of TDS  and major species in Pond E groundwater

-------
2500,-
                                                                                          Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                                          Open Rgure-TVA Analysis
                                                  40           '50
                                                WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING
                                                 9/8/75         11/17/75
                                                   CALENDAR DATES
          Figure 44.   Concentrations of TDS and major species  in Pond E supernate

-------
  5000
  4000
                   INPUT LIQUOR IDS
                   BEFORE TREATMENT • 6245 mg/l
                   AVERAGE
       O TDS
       O Cl
       A S04
       O Ca
       O Na

Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
Open Figure-TVA Analysis
<-> 2000
  1000
                                                      9/8/75'         11/17/75
                                                         CALENDAR DATES
                                                                                                                    TDS
           Figure 45.   Concentrations  of TDS and major  species in Pond  E leachate

-------
  10'
   10
    ,2   •
   10
CJl
E
O

S
em
o
o
  10
    -2
  10
    -3
  10
    -4
                                      O
                         o  Mg
                         D  B
                         A  Pb
                         O  As
                         o  Se
                         a  Hg
               Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
               Open  Figure-TVA Analysis

                      8
                                                                          O
I
I
I
                                                                             Hg
             10      20       30       40      50       60
                                WEEKS AFTER  POND FILLING
                                 70       80
                                 90
    Figure 46.   Concentrations of minor species in Pond E leachate
                                        76

-------
filling.  The major constituents appear to have increased initially,  in some
cases to maximum values, and then leveled off for the remainder of the
period monitored.  These stationary levels ranged from a very low value
for calcium to  somewhat higher values for chloride and sodium.  The
sulfate concentration continued to increase during more than half of the
monitoring period, but ultimately reached a high stationary level.   The
concentrations of the six minor constituents showed no significant trends
during the period monitored (Figure 46).

8. 3         TREATED SLUDGE CORE ANALYSES

8. 3. 1       Physical Characteristics

            Cores were removed periodically from  each of the ponds con-
taining fixed sludge for physical and chemical  characterization.  Physical
testing included water permeability,  density,  and compressive strength
measurements, both in the as-received and dry conditions.  The methods
used in the tests are described in Appendix D.   Results of measurements
on cores taken through March 1977 are given in Table  14.   At least one
core from each pond was received in such a condition that some or  all of the
characterization measurements were not possible.  Permeability coeffic-
ients averaged 8X 10~^ cm/sec for Pond  B, 2XlO~-> cm/sec for Pond E,
and 5. 5 X 10"^ cm/sec for Pond C,  but with selected crack-free samples
exhibiting coefficients as low  as 3. 2 X 10"' cm/sec.  Average water
contents for the cores from the three ponds were 38 percent for C,  49
percent for  E,  and 54 percent for B.   The average pore volume fractions
were 0. 63 for Pond C,  0. 7 for Pond E, and 0.  75 for Pond B.  Thus, the  .
Pond C material is the most impervious of the three.  The advantages of
low permeability and proper site management  to reduce or eliminate seepage
are discussed in Section 4. 5. 1 and Appendix C.

            Bulk densities in the as-received condition were approximately
twice the corresponding dry densities for Ponds  B and E,  e. g. ,  1.4 vs
0. 7 g/cm^.   For Pond C, with slightly higher  bulk densities, the average
value for the as-received condition was approximately 1-1/2 times as great
as that of the dry material.  The greatest differences were  found in the
compressive strengths  of free-standing samples which did not appear to  be
sensitively dependent on the moisture contents.  Cores taken from Pond  C
showed compressive strengths of about 30 kg/cm^  compared to 4 and 8
kg/cm^  for material from Ponds B and E,  respectively.  No measure-
ments have  been made as yet  on the cores taken  in July 1976.

8. 3. 2      Accelerated Leaching Tests

            Leaching tests were conducted on cores taken from ponds con-
taining chemically fixed sludge where the core was  sufficiently intact and
crack-free that meaningful data could be  obtained.  Deionized water was
passed through the core segment, and incremental volumes of leachate were
collected and analyzed for major liquor constituents and for TDS.  More
details on the method used for this test are contained in Appendix D.
Analyses for major constituents were usually conducted on the first and
                                  77

-------
                      Table 14.  PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMPOUNDED TREATED
                                  SLUDGE CORES

Pond
B
B
B
B
C
Cb
C
C
C
E
E
E
E
E
E

Coring
Date
5/29/75
6/12/75
7/30/75
1/14/76
5/29/75
6/12/75
1/14/76
7/7/76
3/15/77
2/27/75
2/27/75
7/29/75
1/14/76
7/7/76
3/15/77

Moisture
Content,
wt %
49
58
56
54
37
41
39
38
38
51
_ _
_ _
48
51
47

Density,
g/cm3
(wet)
1.43
1.40
1.30
1.37
1.69
1.42
1.50
_ _
1.50
1.43
_ _
- -
1.43
..
1.30
Unconfined
Compressive
Strength,
kg/cm2a
wet
4. 5
2. 1
2. 0
5.9
32. 5
22. 6
2. 8

1. 50
8. 3
—
—
1. 7
	
--
dry
2. 8
3.0
1. 5
_ _
35. 5
27. 5
_ _
—
—
9.4
_ _
_ _
_ _
_ _
--

Density,
g/cm3
(dry)
0.73
0.61
0. 56
0.63
1.07
0.80
0.91
	
0. 93
0.71
_ _
_ _
0.74
. —
0.69

Porosity,
void
fraction
(volumetric)
0.71
0. 76
0.77
0.75
0.58
0.68
0.64
	
	
0.72
_ _
_ _
0.70
— _
--

Permeability
Coefficient,
cm/sec
	
6.9 X 10"5
1.4 X 10"4
3.8 X 10"5
5.5 X 10"5
5.5 X 10"7
3.2 X 10"7
5.4 X 10"5
5.6 X 10"5
1. 5 X 10"5
2.7 X 10"5
9.3 X 10"5
1.2 X 10"5
5.7 X 10"6
1.6 X 10'6
oo
                 akg/cm2  X 14. 22 = psi.
                   Selected samples without visible cracks.

-------
last samples of leachate.  Leaching data are plotted in Figure 47 for a
core taken from Pond B in June 1975.  Leaching of this core was continued
until more than 8 pore volumes had been eluted.  Although the chloride
concentration in the final leachate sample was less than  1/10  of that in the
first sample,  the calcium and sulfate concentrations were only moderately
lower.  Solubility calculations demonstrate that both leachate samples were
effectively saturated with gypsum, CaSO . . 2H_O.

            For the Pond C core of May  1975 (Fig.  48), leaching was con-
tinued until 27 pore volumes had been eluted.  The  TDS and chloride  con-
centrations in the final eluted volume were less than 10 percent of the
concentrations in the pond input liquor (see Table B-17,  Appendix B).  The
decreases in concentrations of sulfate and calcium  were only  3- to 5-fold.

            Leaching tests of two samples of a Pond E core, taken in
February 1975, showed TDS concentrations,  after 2 pore volumes, 3
to 5-fold less than  the input liquor TDS concentrations (see Table B-l,
Appendix B).  The  difference in the TDS  concentrations between the two
samples (Figure 49) is presumed to be a result of a difference in the
respective internal structures of the samples,  e. g. , coefficients of per-
meability vary from sample to sample by factors of two or more.   There-
fore, leaching rates and resultant effects vary.  Calcium concentrations
are very low in leachates from Pond E treated sludge, presumably because
of ion exchange with sodium.  Further testing in this project will be con-
ducted in an attempt to correlate physical properties with leaching results.

8.4         SOIL CORE ANALYSES

            Soil cores taken from the ponds  containing untreated sludge
were tested for water permeability and leaching characteristics.  Cores
were taken from Pond A in July 1975 and from Pond D in February 1975.
Permeability  coefficients for both cores  are about 10-7  cm/sec, which is
typical of lean clay.  The leachate from the  cores collected after 0. 02 to
0. 03 pore volume displacements were analyzed for the major constituents
of sludge liquor. The results are shown in Table 15.  The TDS content of
the soil leachates are comparable to those of the pond  input sludge liquors
although the calcium and sulfate concentrations are considerably lower.
The high sodium concentrations in the leachates,  particularly from Pond A,
give evidence of cation exchange occurring in the soil.  A measurement
of the ion-exchange capacity of soil taken from the  bottom of Pond A  prior
to filling gave a value of 0. 46 milliequivalents/100  g of soil.

            Additional soil cores were removed and tested by TVA when
groundwater wells  GWG2 and GWH2 associated with the new ponds were
constructed in May 1976.  TVA has reported the test data shown in Table
16.  The lean clay  soil that forms  the bottoms of the ponds has a dry
density of 1. 6 to 1. 8 g/cm^, a permeability of 10~° to 10~8  cm/sec, and
a natural moisture content of 13 to 21 weight percent.

            Soil tests, using an ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA),
to investigate the permeation of major constituents  was reported on in the
                                 79

-------
  10'
S 103
cc
o
CJ
  10'
           I
                           CORED 6-12-75
                  I
                         I
I
           2468
          AVERAGE PORE VOLUME DISPLACEMENT
      10
 Figure 47.  Concentrations of TDS and
              major species in Pond B
              sludge core leachate
                                 5-29-75
                10   •   15     20
           AVERAGE PORE VOLUME DISPLACEMENT
    25
 Figure 48.  Concentrations of TDS and
              major species in Pond C
              sludge core leachate
                     80

-------
           o
           t—
           cc
           O
           CJ
                                      o IDS  (Sample II
                                      n Cl   (Sample II
                                      A SO/i  'Sample II
                                      O Ca   (Sample 11
                                      o IDS  (Sample 21
                                           Note: No analysis made
                                              for sodium
                                             CORED 2-27-75
                                               I
                         2       4       6       8      10
                           AVERAGE PORE VOLUME DISPLACEMENT
12
               Figure 49.  Concentrations of TDS  and
                             major species  in Pond E
                             sludge core leachate
            TABLE 15.  POND SOIL  PERMEABILITY AND
                          LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS21
Pond
A
D
Coring
Date
7/29/75
2/27/75
Soil
Permeability
Coefficient,
cm/sec
2.8 X 10"7
1. 1 X 10"7
Average Pore
Volume
Displacement
0.015
0.028
Leachate, mg/i
TDS

5850
Cl
2600
1850
so4
550
450
Ca
800
400
Na
3300
560
Samples taken from ponds containing untreated sludge.
                                    81

-------
                   TABLE 16. RESULTS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF SHAWNEE SOIL BY TVA
Depth
Below Grade,
ft
Soil
Symbol3-
Natural
Moisture
Content,
%
Grain Size Analysis, %
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay
Atterberg Limits, %
Liquid
Limit
Plasticity
Index
Dry
Density,
g/cm3'
Pe rmeability
Coefficient,
cm/sec
                                             Groundwater Well GWG2
8.0 - 9.9
19.0 - 20.7
25. 0 - 25.6
29. 0-30.0
CL
CL
ML
SC
21. 5
16.9
12.6
13. 1


—
11
4
15
24
49
73
60
53
26
23
25
23
14
33.4
33.0
18.7
24.4
14.7
18.9
2. 7
13.6
1.61
1.79
1.83
1.91
5. 7 X 10"7
5. 1 X 10"8
5.8 x 10"?
2. 1 X 10"6
oo
                                             Groundwater Well GWH2
8.0 - 9.5
17.0 - 18.4
26. 1 - 27.4
CL
CL
ML
18.0
15.3
17. 2

—

3
8
20
77
69
69
20
23
11
31.7
31.8
20.6
12.4
15.3
3.0
1.72
1.68
1.81
5.7 x 10"7
3. 5 x 10"6
1.0 x 10"6
          Soil Symbols:

          CL  = lean clay
          ML = clayey fine sand
          SC  = clayey sand

-------
initial report on this project (Ref.  1).  This analytical approach was
discontinued because of the heterogeneity of the soil samples and the
tendency of the sample surface to become charged by the ion beam, there-
by increasing the difficulty of obtaining representative and reproducible
analyses.  Alternative analytical techniques are being investigated, and
the results will be reported in the next annual report.

            A sample of  Celatom (diatomaceous earth) which was received
from TVA Shawnee was tested to determine whether it was sufficiently
chemically inert to justify its use as a solids filtration medium in the new
leachate wells of the Shawnee sludge disposal ponds.  The  results of  two
tests are shown in Table 17.  In the leaching test, deionized water was
passed through a. column containing a bed of Celatom until  more than 3
(estimated) pore volumes had been displaced. Analyses of the first and
last incremental volumes are shown in the table.  The initial sample
contained principally dissolved sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.   Al-
though the TDS content is comparable to  or lower than that of the ground-
water at Shawnee, the pH is  somewhat higher.  After elution of 3 pore
volumes of water, the bed had been washed essentially free of  soluble
substances. After the leaching test was  completed and the bed had drained,
an attenuation test was conducted by passing  sludge liquor  through the
same bed until  more than 4 pore volumes had been displaced.   Analyses of
incremental eluted volumes and the comparative values for the input  liquor
given in Table  17 showed that approximately  one pore volume of liquor
was required to displace the residual water in the bed from the prior test.
Subsequent eluted  samples showed  the same composition as that of the
input sludge liquor.  These data demonstrate that the Celatom  did not
attenuate, the sludge liquor components and was not leached significantly
by pure water.  It is therefore acceptable for solids filtration purposes.

8. 5         CLIMATOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL DATA

            Daily measurements  of rainfall,  evaporation,  wind, and tem-
perature have been taken at the pond site.  Only the cumulative weekly
rainfall and net moisture accumulation*  data are being reported here.
These data are plotted in Figure 50 for the period from April 1975 to
September 1976.   The evaporation  pan was out  of service during early
1975, and during the winter months of 1976 was not used because of ice
formation.  Therefore, it was not possible to estimate the cumulative
gain in moisture for the  entire period. For the period that evaporation
o-
     The net moisture accumulation is calculated as the difference between
     the gain due to precipitation and 7/10 of the evaporation loss  as
     measured with the Hook gauge evaporation pan.
                                  83

-------
TABLE 17.  LEACHING AND ATTENUATION TESTS OF
            CELATOM, DIATOMACEOUS EARTH
Average PVD
PH
Concentration, mg/H.
TDS
Ca
S°4
Cl
Mg
Na
          Leachate Test,  Using Deionized Water
0.3
0.9
1.5
2.0
3.2
10.07


--
8.71
272
80
34
20
10
0.8
--


0.2
46
--
--
--
<5
70
--
--
--
2
0.06
--
--
--
<0.01
97
--
--
--
5
          Attenuation Test, Using Sludge Liquor
0.4
1. 1
1.7
2.3
3.7
Input Liquor
5.89
3.07
2.59
2.53
2.48
2.45



--


140
550
500
500
550
550
650
3000
3250
3250
3500
3750
165
2300
2700
2300
--
2500
81
335
328
375
375
375
395
1445
1485
1560
1595
1550
                          84

-------
00
ui
                                                                                 PRECIPITATION
                                                                                 PRECIPITATION MINUS
                                                                                  0.7 x EVA FOR AT I ON
                4/7/75
6/16/75
8/25/75
11/3/75
    1/12/76
CAlfNDAR DATES
                                                                                        3/22/76
                                                                        5/31/76
                                                                         8/9/76
                       Figure 50.   Shawnee weekly precipitation and net accumulation of moisture

-------
was monitored,  the net moisture accumulation amounted to less than 2
inches.  Although the precipitation is fairly well distributed over the
period monitored, the net moisture accumulation is less so,  thus causing
seasonal variations in both  surface and underground water levels.

           Weekly measurements  were made of the depths of water in
the ponds,  leachate wells, and groundwater wells.  Monitoring of the
leachate well water levels began in June 1975.  Supernate and leachate
well data for Ponds A  and D are plotted in Figure 51,  together with weekly
precipitation.  Pond A was  discontinued in April 1976, and no further
measurements were made at this location.  It is apparent from Figure 51
that there is a synchronous correlation of the water levels in the leachate
wells with the supernate levels  for both of the ponds containing untreated
sludge.  There were also weekly fluctuations in water levels that can be
associated with  high or low weekly precipitation.  Precipitation was chosen
for plotting rather than net  moisture accumulation since the monitoring of
rainfall was continuous during the period represented.
                                                                   ,'

           The water levels in the leachate wells of the three ponds con-
taining treated sludge  are plotted together with weekly precipitation data
in Figure 52.  A direct link between the supernate and the Pond B leachate
well is evidenced by the well water level after November 1975.  A new
leachate well was installed  in Pond B in May 1976 which eliminated this
problem (Section 7. 3). The correlation of  the leachate levels with weekly
rainfall is generally apparent for each  of the ponds.   During periods of
low rainfall,  the fluctuations in the water levels  of leachate wells were
accentuated by the pumping of the wells which follows the bimonthly water
sampling.  Additionally,  during periods of  heavy rainfall, the supernate
was partially  removed-in Ponds C and E to prevent flooding of the leachate
pipe area,  and at other times supernate was removed to allow coring
operations to proceed. Therefore,  the rainfall versus leachate well water
level data cannot suffice for exact correlations with supernate levels.

           The depth  of the bottoms of the leachate wells was also moni-
tored on a weekly basis over the same period of approximately 70 weeks.
The  standard deviations of the measurements were less  than one inch for
all five wells.  Therefore,  no silting or fouling of the well bottoms is in-
dicated.  In Figures 53 through 57,  the water levels in the nine groundwater
wells associated with the five ponds are plotted,  together with weekly
measurements of the level of  the Ohio River at Shawnee.  In most cases,
the week-to-week fluctuations in water levels can be correlated with the
weekly rainfall.  Several apparently anomalous points may be the result
of occasional  spurious measurements.  The seasonal variation in the
water levels of the Pond A groundwater wells was different from that of  the
other groundwater wells, as has been observed previously (Ref. 1).
Monitoring of the Pond A wells  ceased in April 1976.

           Although the measurements of the bottom depths of the ground-
water wells span considerably larger ranges than those for the leachate
wells (average standard deviation of 1.  4 feet), no systematic changes that
would indicate progressive  silting of the wells were observed.
                                 86

-------
00
6/16/75
                                       8/25/75
11/3/75         1/12/76
   CAlfNDAR DATES
                                                    3/22/76
5/31/76
8/9/76
                    Figure 51.   Shawnee  weekly precipitation and water  levels of Ponds A and D
                                  supernate and leachate wells

-------
oo
oo
             350
              4/7/75
6/16/75
8/25/75
11/3/75          1/12/76

    CAlfNDAR DATES
3/22/76
5/31/76
                                                                                                             8/9/76
                               Figure 52.   Shawnee weekly  precipitation and water levels

                                             of Ponds  B, C,  and E leachate wells

-------
00

vO
           3
           t/i


           c
                                                                                     OHIO RIVER

                                                                                     LEVEL AT SHAWNEE
              337 h
              4/7/75
                            6/16/75
8/25/75
                                                        11/3/75          1/12/76

                                                           CALENDAR DATES
3/22/76
                                                       551/76
                            8/9/76
                                                                              ^290
                                 Figure 53.   Shawnee weekly river stages and water  levels

                                                in Pond A groundwater wells

-------
                                                                           O GWD1
                                                                           A OHIO RIVER
                                                                             LEVEL AT SHAW NEE
4/7/75
              6/16/75
8/25/75
115/75          1/12/76
    CALENDAR DATES
3/22/76
5/31/76
8/9/76
                  Figure  54.  Shawnee weekly river stages and water levels
                                in Pond D groundwater wells

-------
316 -
 4/7/75
                                                                     O GWB1
                                                                     D GWB2
                                                                     A OHIO RIVER IfVEL
                                                                        AT SHAWNEE
               6/16/75
                             8/25/75
                                           11/3/75
                                                         1/12/76
                                                  CAlfNDAR DATES
3/22/76
5/31/76
                            8/9/76
                                       330
                                                                                                              320
                    Figure 55.   Shawnee weekly river  stages and water levels
                                   in Pond B grounwater  wells

-------
NO
t\)
                                                                                               OHIO RIVER l£VEL
                                                                                               AT SHAWNEE
             3.16
              4/7/75
6/16/75
8/25/75
                                                       115/75
      1/12/76
CALENDAR  DATES
                                                       3/22/76
5/31/76
8/9/76
                                Figure 56.   Shawnee weekly river stages and water  levels
                                               in Pond C groundwater wells

-------
                                                                            OHIO RIVER
                                                                            IfVEL AT SHAWNEE
4/7/75
              6/16/75
                           8/25/75
                                         11/3/75          1/12/76

                                             CAlfNDAR DATES
3/22/76
5/31/76
                            8/9/76
                                                                                                            290
                  Figure 57.   Shawnee weekly river stages and water  levels
                                 in Pond E grounwater wells

-------
                           REFERENCES
1.     R. B. Fling, et al., Disposal of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes;
       EPA Shawnee Field Evaluation: Initial Report. EPA-600/2-76-
       070,  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
       Park, North Carolina (March 1976).

2.     J. Rossoff,  et al. , Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable
       Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Second Progress Report,
       EPA-600/7-77-052,  U.  S.  Environmental Protection Agency,
       Research Triangle Park,  North Carolina (May 1977).

3.     J. Rossoff,  et al. ,  Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable
       Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems: Final Report, prepared for
       the U. S.  Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
       Park, North Carolina by The Aerospace Corporation (to be pub-
       lished).

4.     Shawnee,  F72113R, Tennessee Valley Authority, Knoxville,
       Tennessee.

5.     Lime /Limestone Wet-Scrubbing Test Results  at the EPA Alkali
       Scrubbing Test Facility, Second Progress Report,  Technology
       Transfer, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,  Washington,
       D. C.
                                 95

-------
                           APPENDIX A
       MATERIAL BALANCE, IONIC CHARGE BALANCE, AND
          GYPSUM.SOLUBILITY IN POND SUPERNATES
                         AND LEACHATES
           For determination of whether analyses were complete and
internally consistent, calculations were made of material and charge
balances.  Material balance was obtained by comparison  of the  sum of the
ion concentrations of major species with the concentration of total dis-
solved solids (TDS).  A deficiency of the former relative to the latter may
be indicative of the presence of  soluble species for which analyses have
not been conducted.  However, because of limitations in the accuracy of
analyses, discrepancies may  exist between the  results of these measure-
ments for individual samples.  Examination of the results of measurements
for a number of similar samples is  often necessary to determine whether
true deficits exist.   If the sum of the ion concentrations is significantly
greater than the TDS, analytical error is almost certain.

           An independent test  was obtained by comparison of the sum
of the (equivalent) concentrations of positive ions (cations) with the sum
of the (equivalent) concentration of negative ions (anions).  Imbalances of
ionic charge alone do not unequivocally indicate where the analytical results
are in error.  In conjunction with TDS data, the charge balance data are
much more useful.   The signs of the imbalances help to pinpoint the  dis-
crepancy.  For example, if there is a TDS surplus and excess of negative
ionic charge there must be a deficit amont the cation analyses.   Similarly,
with a TDS deficit and an excess of positive ionic charge, one or more of
the cation analyses must be too  high.  If the ionic charge is in balance and
there is a material imbalance, the TDS measurement is probably in  error.

           Material balances and charge balances were computed from
analysis of more than 100 samples of pond supernate and leachate; the
results are shown in Tables A-l through A-5.  All of the results for Pond
A  samples have been included; for each of the other ponds,  Ponds B, C,  D,
and E, from two to five samples were excluded from the available data
because analyses had not been made for one or  more components.  The
results have been grouped according to date of sampling.  Average charge
and mass imbalances were calculated for each pond.  For each of the
ponds, the average mass imbalance was positive ranging from a low of
                                 97

-------
                      TABLE A-l.
GYPSUM  SOLUBILITY RATIO,  CHARGE  BALANCE,  AND  MASS
BALANCE  OF POND A LEACHATE  AND  SUPERNATE
OO
Sample
07066LWA1
041S6LWA
03016LWA
OI216LWA
01066LWA
11035LWA
11035LWA
09015LWA
07075LWA
04285LWA
0428SLWA
02 1 1 5LWA
12094LWA
10154LWA
10144LWA
07066PSA1
04156PSA
03016PSA
01066PSA
11075PSA
11035PSA
09015PSA
07075PSA
04235PSA
0428SPSA
02 1 1 5PSA
12094PSA
10284PSA
10224PSA
Ca
850
1000
1500
1400
2500
2700
2080
3000
2300
1600
2040
2100
1200
560
460
240
455
540
670
1200
760
1200
640
480
540
880
1100
1480
2000
mgr1
Na
140
50
64
70
71
120
125
96
90
	
	
	
...
	
...
9
13
15
20
27
30
2J
16
	
	
	
...
	
...
Mg
130
53
82
90
74
81
129
120
82
72
15
98
120
47
49
12
18
17
19
34
33
26
21
20
5
48
71
1
140
meq *
£ Cation
59.4
56.6
84.6
80.5
134.3
147.0
120. 1
164.2
125.7
86. 0
103. 3
113.2
70.0
31.9
27. 1
13.4
25.0
29. 1
36.0
64. 0
42. 1
63.2
34.5
25.7
27.4
48.0
60.9
74.0
111.7
mg
S04
1100
1200
1200
1300
1000
940
1250
1300
980
1000
1425
1100
790
500
700
320
750
690
540
1300
1675
1900
810
570
650
1100
1100
1500
1400
Cl
1200
1500
1800
2300
2200
3000
3400
3300
3500
3300
2100
2900
1800
590
840
42
350
130
300
330
710
440
300
250
390
630
980
1600
2000
mcq i~ ^
£ Anion
56.7
67.2
75.7
91.9
82.8
104. 1
121.8
120.0
119. 0
113. 8
88. 8
104.6
67.2
27.0
38.2
7.8
25.5
18.0
19.7
36.4
54.9
52. 0
25. 3
18.9
24.5
40.7
50. 5
76. 3
85.5
Charge
Imbalance
-4.8
15.8
-11.8
12.4
-62.2
-41.2
1.4
-36.8
- 5.6
24.4
-16.2
- 8.2
- 4.2
-18. 1
29.2
-71.8
1.9
-61.7
-82.7
-75.8
23.4
-21.5
-36.4
-35.7
-11.8
-18.0
-20.6
3.0
-30.6
mg
TDS
4100
4340
5400
5860
6000
7600
7560
7800
8100
7700
7290
6600
5400
2200
2460
1800
2080
1500
1900
3500
3870
3600
2300
1600
1540
2 SCO
4300
5850
7100
£ Ions
3420
3800
4645
5160
5845
6840
6985
7815
6950
5970
5580
6200
3910
1695
2050
625
1590
1395
1550
2890
3210
3590
1785
1320
1585
2560
3250
4580
5540
Mass
Imbalance
(7.)
19.9
14.2
16. 3
13.6
2. 7
11. 1
8.2
- 0.2
16. 5
28.9
30.6
6.5
38. 1
29.6
20. 1
188
30. 7
7. 5
22.6
21. 1
20.6
0. 3
28. 6
21.2
- 2.8
5. 3
32. 3
27.7
28.2
moles I"
Ionic
Strength
0.096
0. 102
0. 134
0. 139
0. 185
0.206
0. 191
0.236
0. 193
0. 153
0. 162
0. 177
0. 112
0.051
0.053
0.021
0.045
0.045
0.051
0.095
0.086
0. 108
0.055
0.041
0.047
0.080
0.098
0. 128
0. 170
Solubility
Ratio
0.90
1. 05
1. 17
1. 14
1. 13
1.02
1. 13
1. 32
0.97
0.90
1.53
1. 10
0.75
0. 61
0. 52
	
0.62
0.68
0.60
1.46
1. 32
1.44
0. 81
0. 54
0. 6?
1.07
1. 10
1.53
1.40
                                               Average Charge Imbalance:
                                               Average Mass Imbalance:
                                               Average Solubility Ratio:
                                                                               -17.6% (±29. 1)
                                                                 17.8% (±11.3)
                                                                                      1.02 (±0.32)

-------
                      TABLE A-2.
GYPSUM SOLUBILITY RATIO,   CHARGE BALANCE,  AND  MASS
BALANCE  FOR  POND  D  LEACHATE AND SUPERNATE
sO
vO
Sample
07066LWD
05036LWD
05036LWD
030I6LWD
01216LWD
01066LWD
11035LWD
11035LWD
90915LWD
07075LWD
07075LWD
04285LWD
02285LWD
02115LWD
02115LWD
1 7AQ4T Wn
1 £U7*t lj W U
10284LWD
10284LWD
07066PSD
05036PSD
05036PSD
03016PSD
01066PSD
11035PSD
11035PSD
0901 5PSD
07075PSD
U7075PSD
04285PSO
02245PSD
02115PSD
02115PSD
12094PSO
10284PSO
10284PSO
r
Ca
640
470
600
1000
675
1000
940
760
1200
940
900
1100
1200
1200
960
1 500
240
150
320
320
400
340
1000
710
600
1200
650
460
360
970
830
560
1100
1500
1640
ng r1
Na
22
17
17
11
17
9
14
14
30
38
...
	
	
	
	

...
	
7
12
120
8
7
22
26
20
1 3

	
	
	

	
	
	
i
Mg
29
14
18
18
37
26
79
99
170
180
18
140
84
66
63
76
29
8
9
14
19
14
14
36
37
22
17
16
34
180
170
152
40
190
1
meq i" '
£ Cation
35.4
25.4
32.2
52.0
38.3
52.6
54.2
46.9
75.5
63.7
46.5
66.7
67.0
65.5
53.3
81.3
14.4
8.2
17. 1
17.7
26.8
18.5
19.5
39.5
34.2
62.7
44. 5
24^3
20.8
63.5
55.7
40.7
58.3
90.8
82.0
mg
S04
1500
1200
1400
1100
1375
2000
1200
1750
' 1700
1100
1600
1600
1200
1200
1425
580
590
425
1300
850
1000
650
660
1200
1625
2600

1850
750
950
1100
950
980
1700
1550
Z-l
Cl
190
180
240
	
970
260
450
490
680
810
940
1500
560
1400
1300

210
285
50
23
84
23
32
90
225
200
200
205
260
670
950
1100
1000
2400
3000
meq /" '
I Anion
36.6
30. 1
35.9
	
56.0
49.0
37. 7
50. 3
54.6
45.7
59.8
75.6
40. 8
64.4
66. 3

18.2
16.9
28.5
18.4
23.2
14.2
14.7
27. 5
40.2
59.8

44.3
22.9
38.7
49.7
50.8
48.6
103.0
116.8
Charge
Imbalance
(%)
3. 3
15.6
10.4
	
31.6
- 7. 3
-43.8
6.8
38.3
39.4
22.3
11.8
64.2
- 1.7
19.7

20.9
sr. 6
40.0
3.8
-15.5
30. 3
-32.7
-43.6
15.0
- 4.8

45. 1
9.2
-64.2
-12. 1
19.9
-20. 1
11.8
29.8
mg
TDS
3000
2600
2560
2600
2970
2800
3400
3370
4000
4500
4240
4000
3500
4200
3960
5200
1300
1210
1200
1600
1620
960
1000
2600
2530
3500
2900
3320
1700
3000
3400
3020
4400
7300
6340
r>
£ Ions
2380
1880
2275
2185
3090
3300
2675
3115
3780
3070
34MJ
4340
30-15
3865
3750

1070
870
1690
1215
1620
1040
1070
2055
2515
4040

2530
1405
2770
3050
2760
3120
5790
6190
Mass
Imbalance
(%)
26. 1
38. 3
12. 5
19.0
- 3.9
-15.2
27. 1
8. 3
5.8
46.6
22.6
- 7.8
15.0
8.6
5.7

21.6
39.4
-29.0
31.7
0.2
- 7.7
-6.5
26.5
0.7
-13.4

31.2
21. 1
8. 3
11.5
9.3
41.0
26. 1
2.4
moles X"1
Ionic
Strength
0.069
0.053
0.065
0.076
0.080
0.097
0.086
0.090
0. 120
0.098
0.093
0. 121
0. 100
0. 110
0. 101

0,030
0.021
0.045
0.036
0.046
0.032
0.034
0.065
0.071
0. 110

0.066
0.040
0.093
0.092
0.076
0.093
0. 160
0.156
Solubility
Ratio
1.22
0.92
1. 13
1. 18
1.03
	
1. 17
1. 32
1.50
0.94
1. 38
1.28
1.28
1. 16
1.20

....
	
0.78
0.60
0.72
0.52
D. 55
1. 14
1.21
	

1. 13
0.55
0. 88
0.89
0. 62
1.03
1.36
1.40
                                                Average Charge Imbalance:
                                                Average Mass Imbalance:
                                                Average Solubility Patio:
                                                                                   9.2% (-29.0)
                                                                  12.8% (±17.9)
                                                                                      1.04 (+0. 29)

-------
                      TABLE A-3.
GYPSUM  SOLUBILITY RATIO,  CHARGE BALANCE,  AND MASS
BALANCE OF POND B LEACHATE AND SUPERNATE
o
o
Sample
07206LWB2
07206LWB1
07066LWB
05186LWB
05036LWB
05036LWB
03016LWB
OI216LWB
01066LWB
1I035LWB
11035LWB
09015LWB
07075LWB
04285LWB
D47 7 *i T WR
U*tc£3L* w O
04155 LW B
07066PSB
05186PSB
0503bPSB
05036PSB
03016PSD
01 066PSB
11035 PS B
11035PSB
09015PSB
07085PSB
04285PSB
04225PSB
04155PSB
04155PSB
Ca
800
620
630
500
450
380
790
525
840
620
400
570
2300
530
47fl
1 t U
160
300
370
400
270
320

580
980
510
840
1700
2300
1740
mg r1
Na
110
23
84
90
23
19
68
83
110
150
158
160
70
	

5
1 1
15
15
7

30
28
40
21
	
	
--.
	
Mg
26
8
27
29
11
8
14
27
25
27
26
3
57
35
\f*
JO
g
2
4
5
5
3
4
7
10
3
3
4
1
0.7
--
meq X"'
£ Cation
46.9
32.7
37.4
31.3
24.5
20.5
43.7
30.9
48.9
39.8
29. 1
35.8
122.8
29.4
7 ft e
£D( D
8.4
15.8
19.6
21. 1
14. 1
16.7

31.0
51.0
26.7
42. 3
85. 1
115.0
87.0
mg J
S04
970
1200
750
850
1000
980
1200
1100
890
620
675
360
490
530
AAf)
t*lU
1 50
330
775
950
1 100
460

1 200
1500
1700
900
430
750
960
1875
[-1
Cl
660
130
930
500
139
130
290
520
630
860
1100
880
940
460
620
40
23
130
82
117
66
1 50
320
400
380
320
600
1500
1500
2400
mcq /~ I
£ Anion
38. 8
28.7
41. 8
31.8
24. 7
24. 1
33.2
37.6
36. 3
37. 1
45. 0
32. 3
36.7
24.0
26 6
7. 1
7. 5
19. 8
22. 1
2... 2
11.4

34 . 0
42. 5
46. 1
27. 8
25.9
57.9
62.2
106. 7
Charge
Imbalance
(%)
-20.9
-13.9
10.5
1.6
0.8
14.9
-31.6
17.8
-34.7
- 7. 3
35. 5
-10. 8
-234. 0
-22.6
0 5

-12.0
20.2
11.3
19.5
-23.7


27.0
-10. 6
4. 0
-63. 7
-47.0
-84. 7
18.4
mg
TDS
2800
1900
2500
2260
1690
1400
2400
2540
2700
2600
2670
2500
2600
1800
320
41)0
1460
1800
1780
770
880
2800
2670
3000
1800
2200
	
5600
5560
x-i
£ Ions
2570
1980
2420
1970
1620
1520
2360
2255
2495
2280
2360
1975
3860
1555
1 565

520
1210
1420
1640
805


2520
3105
1755
1875
3950
4760
6015
Mass
Imbalance
(%)
8.9
- 4.0
3. 3
14.8
4. 1
- 7.9
1. 7
12.6
8.2
14.0
13.2
26.6
-32.6
15. 8

-11. 5
20.8
26.8
8. 7
- 4. 3


6.0
- 3.4
2.6
17.4
	
17.6
-7.6
moles i~
Ionic
Strength
0. 074
0.060
0.064
0.054
0.047
0.043
0.072
0.061
0.074
0.061
0.055
0.053
0. 144
0.047
Of) AC.
, U*t D
0.015
0.034
0.040
0.045
0.024


0.067
0.091
0.050
0.060
0. 122
0. 156
0. 160
Solubility
Ratio
0. 93
1.07
0.65
0. 68
0. 80
0. 72
1. 18
0. S3
0.90
0. 55
0. 54
0.51
	
0. 50

	 	
0.53
0.71
0. 81
	


1. 14
1.47
0.78
0.52
0.93
1.21
1.46
                                               Average Charge Imbalance:
                                               Average Mass Imbalance:
                                               Average Solubility Ratio:
                                                                                     , (±28.4)
                                                                  6. 1% (±13.2)
                                                                                      0.84 (±0. 29)

-------
TABLE A-4.
GYPSUM  SOLUBILITY RATIO,  CHARGE BALANCE,  AND MASS
BALANCE  OF POND C LEACHATE AND SUPERNATE
Sample
07066LWC
A c I 7 f , I w f"
UD 1 I Ul_> W \*
05036LWC
03016LWC
01216LWC
01066LWC
09015LWC
07075LWC
05055LWC
04285LWC
f\A? QC T Wf
U*t£ O3L* W \s
0706tPSC
05036PSC
05036PSC
0301 6PSC
01066PSC
1 1 n^^^^f
1 1 U JDr^DV*
11035PSC
09015PSC
07085PSC
05055PSC
04285PSC
04285PSC
r
Ca
730
800
700
600
575
790
550
650
1900
2000
1 980
460
560
850
1000
600

600
880
450
480
590
340
ngr»
Na
53

102
53
143
18
180
150
	
	

16
120
122
78
29
68
68
75
49
	
	

Mg
13

12
12
9
9
0.2
8
0. 1
5
4
7
18
22
26
8
f
9
5
3
0.4
0.2
4
meq JL~
E Cation
39.9
40. 8
40.4
33.3
42.0
41. 1
35. 3
39.7
95.0
100.4
qq -t
7 7. J
24. 3
34.7
49.6
55.6
32.0

33.8
47. 7
23.9
24.0
29.5
17. 3
mg
SO4
1600

1500
1550
1175
870
820
190
	
750

1100
1600
1500
2300
890
1 1 00
1500
1700
600
200
200
175
r}
Cl
260
8 1 0
580
380
1050
1000
1100
1200
2100
2400
2560
500
680
680
430
180
430
540
500
4-1(1
2*0
SCO
610
meq t~
£ Anion
40. 7

47.6
42.9
54. 1
46. 3
48. 1
37.8
	
83.2

37.0
52. 5
50.4
60.0
23.6
35. 0
46.5
49. 5
24.9
10.9
19.9
20.8
Charge
Imbalance
(%)
2.

15.
22.
22.
11.
26.
- 5.
	
-20.

34.
33.
1.
7.
-35.

27.
3.
4.
-120.
-47.
16.
0

1
4
4
2
6
0
-
6

3
9
6
3
6

4
6
0
0
9
8
mg
TDS
2900
3800
3750
3000
3540
3500
3300
3200
4100
4700
4720
2300
4300
4220
3800
1800
3000
2960
3200
2100
1500
1600
1560
/-'
E Ions
2660

2890
2590
3090
2690
2650
2200
4025
5155
4620
2080
2980
3175
3840
1710

2720
3160
1545
920
1350
1130
Mass
Imbalance
(7.)
9.0

29.6
15. 8
14.6
30. 1
24. 5
45. 5
1.9
- 8. 8
2. 2
10. 6
44.3
33.0
- 1.0
5.3

S. 9
1. 3
35.9
63.0
18.5
38.2
moles i" '
Ionic
Strength
0.076

0.078
0.070
0.076
0.073
0.064
0.057
0. 125
0. 150

0.054
0.076
0.088
0. 108
0.053

0.071
0.089
0.043
0.032
0.042
0.030
Solubility
Ratio
1.37

1. 19
1. 17
0.79
0. 84
0. 62
	
	
0. 86

0. 80
1.05
1.29
	
0.87

1. 12
1.50
0.51
	
	
....
                        Average Charge Imbalance:
                        Average Mass Imbalance:
                        Average Solubility Ratio:
                                                          6.6% (±22.7)
                                                                18.0% (±16.2)
                                                                                    1.00 (±0.29)

-------
TABLE A-5.
GYPSUM SOLUBILITY RATIO,  CHARGE BALANCE,  AND  MASS
BALANCE OF POND  E  LEACHATE AND SUPERNATE
Sample
07066LWE
03016LWE
01216LWE
01066LWE
11035LWE
11035LWE
09015LWE
07075LWE
07075LWE

03195LWE
n? i i ^T w TT
\}£, 1 1 Dl_. W t*
07066PSE
05036PSE
05036PSE
0301 6PSE
01066PSE
11035PSE

0901 5PSE
07075PSE
07075PSE
04285PSE
02115 PSE
02115PSE
Ca
100
28
30
49
14
20
83
83
20

15
qo
70
300
410
450
500
400
360

400
260
260
170

460
mg i.'1
Na
610
560
540
600
630
580
610
750
705

970

38
110
114
170
56
190
i qc
1 7 J
180
140
190


440
Mg
11
1
0.4
3
0.2
	
13
23
1

30

3
6
7
2
4
4

3
4
3
j
0. 3
30
meq i~
£ Cation
32.4
25.9
25.0
28.7
28. 1
26.2
31.7
38.8
43.3

45. 5

16.9
25.8
28. 1
32. 6
22.7
26.6

28. 1
19.4
21.6


44. 6
mg
SO4
1000
1100
1075
1300
850
900
1100
370
800
670
250
300
770
1400
1400
1100
850
1100
1 375
1400
840
1000
390
220
250
Cl
350
490
520
370
320
490
25
650
740

1850
1 000
22
42
110
68
40
110
1 70
88
100
245
1 1 0
1 70
365
mcq I"
£ Anion
30. 7
36.7
37.0
37.5
26.7
32.6
23.6
26.0
37.5

57. 3
34. 4
16.7
30.3
32. 3
24. 8
18.8
26. 0
33. 4
3K6
20. 3
27.7
11.2
9. 4
15.5
Charge
Imbalance
- 5.5
29.4
32.4
23.5
- 5.2
19. 5
-34. 3
-49.2
-15.4

20.7

- 1.2
14.9
12.9
-31.5
-20.7
- 2. 3

11.1
4. 4
22. 3


-187.0
mg
TDS
2900
2800
2645
2700
2700
2690
2700
2900
3200
3400
2720
2400
1300
2300
2310
2200
1200
2400
2 380
2200
1700
1720
1200
1 300
1440
£ Ions
2070
2180
2165
2320
1815
1990
1830
1875
2530

3115

1130
1970
2080
1840
1350
1765

2070
1345
1700


1545
Mass
Imbalance
40.0
28.4
22.2
16.4
48. 8
35.2
47.5
54. 7
26.4

-12.7

15.0
16.8
11.0
19.6
-11. 1
36.0

6.3
26.4
1. 3


- 6.8
moles /
Ionic
Strength
0.045
0.044
0.043
0.048
0.037
0.039
0.042
0.039
0.049

0.056

0.033
0.053
0.056
0.053
0.040
0.047

0.055
0.035
0.042


0.046
Solubility
Ratio
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	

	

_. - -
0.93
0.97
0. 89
0.69
0.70

0.87
0.49
0. 51


	
                         Average Charge Imbalance:
                         Average Mass Imbalance:
                         Average Solubility Ratio:
                                                            4. 2% (=:23. 0)
                                                                  19.3% (±19.5)
                                                                                      0. 76(iO. 19)

-------
6. 1 percent for Pond B to a high of 19. 3 percent for Pond E, signifying
that the TDS exceeded the sum of the ion concentrations of major species
in more than 80 percent of the cases.   A possible explanation for this bias
is incomplete dehydration of hydrated salts during the drying operation
of the TDS measurement.  The spread of mass imbalances was rather
large; the largest positive discrepancy was 54. 7 percent, while the largest
negative discrepancy was -32. 6 percent.  For most samples with large
discrepancies, the results of one or more of the analyses.

            For Pond A and Pond B samples, the average charge imbalances
were negative, -17. 5 percent and -7. 8 percent, signifying cation surpluses
(or anion deficits).  For Ponds C, D,  and E, the average anion surpluses
(or cation deficits) were 12. 8 percent, 6. 6 percent, and 4. 2 percent,
respectively.   Because the total anion concentrations were small for many
samples,  it is  not unexpected that the spread of charge  imbalances,  which
are reported as percentages of the total anion concentrations, was very
large.  The largest positive (anion surplus)  discrepancy was 64. 2 percent,
while the largest negative (cation surplus) discrepancy was  234 percent.
The latter result was coupled with a TDS deficit of  -32.  6 percent for the
same sample.  Therefore, it is not surprising  to find for this sample that
the reported calcium concentration of 2300 m.g/2  is suspiciously high.
Similar rationalizations  of other large charge imbalances can also be made.

            Calculations were made to compare the measured concentrations
of calcium and sulfate with the predicted values on the basis of an assumed
saturation with gypsum,  CaSO .. 2HLO.  The method of calculation takes
into account the effect of ionic strength on the solubility product constant.
A description of the method has been reported elsewhere. ^ In the
last two columns of Tables A-l through A-5, the ratios  of the measured
to the calculated gypsum concentrations have been tabulated, together with
the ionic strengths obtained from the concentrations of major species.  The
spread of the solubility ratios is 0. 5 to 1. 5.'   For each pond, the mean
solubility ratio and the associated standard deviation were determined for
all samples, both supernate and leachate.  These ratios were 1. 02,  1. 04
ajid 1. 00 for Ponds A, D, and C,  respectively.  For Ponds  B and E,  the
a.verage ratios were 0. 83 and 0. 76. Only 8  samples of  supernate were
# J.  Rossoff,  et al. ,  Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable Flue
Gas  Desulfurization Systems;  Second Progress Report,  EPA-600/7-77-052,
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina (May 1977).


 T It should be noted that the calculated sulfate concentrations are deter-
 mined from the measured calcium concentrations and vice versa; there-
 fore, the computed solubility ratios have hyperbolic dependences on the
 accuracies of the analyses for sulfate and calcium concentrations.   Thus,
 a spread of 0. 5 to 1. 5 in the solubility ratio will result from analytical
 errors of only 25 percent if the errors for both  ion concentrations are
 in the same direction.
                                 103

-------
included for Pond E since it was apparent from the analytical data for the
leachate samples that the calcium concentrations were approximately 1/10
of the values necessary for gypsum saturation.   For Pond B, also, the
leachate samples are responsible for lowering the average value of the
ratio.  The average ratio for  supernate samples from Pond B was 0. 96.

           In Figures A-l  through A-5,  the gypsum solubility ratios for
each pond are plotted as functions of time after pond filling.  In  these
figures,  the ratios  for supernate and leachate samples are plotted separ-
ately.  The seasonal patterns of variation previously noted for TDS and
concentrations of major  species are evident also in the curves of Figures
A-l through A-5, although the correlations are most apparent for the pond
supernates.

           With the exception of some leachate  samples from a possibly
malfunctioning leachate well of Pond B, the data indicate that leachate
samples from four  of the ponds were saturated with gypsum.  The leachate
samples from Pond E were definitely not saturated.  From the data, it
appears that  pond supernates  were saturated  with gypsum during dry
seasonal periods and perhaps were not saturated during periods of cooler
and more rainy weather.  The supernate  samples for Pond E were taken
from the unfilled end of the pond.  It is possible that the  runoff from the
surface of the chemically treated  sludge which collected  in the unfilled end
of Pond E was not immediately saturated with gypsum.
                                104

-------
  1.5
I


I



o
UJ
cc.
=3
l/>
  1.0
o
o
   0.5
      0




    10/7/75
                                                                                     O POND A SUPERNATt

                                                                                     A POND A LEACHATt



                                                                                     Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis

                                                                                     Open  Rgure-TVA Analysis
                    I
  12




1200/74
                                                                               I
 24




3/24/75
  36             48

 WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING


6/16/75           9/8/75

    CALENDAR DATES
 60




12/1/75
 72




2/23/76
                                                                                                            I
 84




5/17/76
           Figure A-l.   Comparison of calculated and measured solubility of gypsum

                            in Pond A leachate and supernate

-------
  1.5,—
o
LLJ
I
o
  1.0
o
2
O
O.
>-
O
   0.5
                             I
                                                                              OPONDO SUPERNATE
                                                                              A POND D LEACHATE
                                                                         Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                         Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                        I
                                                    I
                                                                                                   J
     0          12          24           36          48          60          72
                                       WEEKS AFTER FIRST POND FILLING
   10/21/74       1/13/75        4/7/75        6/30/75       9/22/75        12/15/75       3/8/71
                                           CALENDAR DATES
 84

5/31/76
  96

8/23/76
   Figure A-Z.  Comparison of calculated and measured solubility of gypsum
                    in  Pond  D leachate and supernate

-------
   1.5
o

3
Z3
O
cc
^
<
a:

O
<
O
o
                                                                            O  POND B SUPERNATE
                                                                            A  POND B LEACHATE

                                                                     Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                                     Open  Figure-TVA Analysis
   0.5
     0

    4/14/75
  10

6/23/75
 20

9/1/75
  30              40
WEEKS AFTER  POND FILLING
11/8/75           1/19/76
    CALENDAR DATES
 50

3/29/76
 60

6/7/76
  J
 70

8/16/76
                Figure A-3.   Comparison of calculated and measured solubility of gypsum
                                in Pond B  leachate and supernate

-------
  1.5
o
—I
<
  1.0
o
1—
<
CJ

o
a.
>-
o
  0.5
                                                              POND C SUPERNATE

                                                              POND C LEACHATE
                                                           Closed Figure-Aerospace Analysis
                                                           Open Figure-TVA Analysis
                                     I
                                  I
                                 I
                                  I
                  I
                  I
     o


   4/23/75
  10


6/30/75
 20



9/8/75
  30             40

WEEKS AFTER POND FILLING

11/17/75          1/26/76

    CALENDAR DATES
 50



4/5/76
  60


6/14/76
  70



8/23/76
              Figure A-4.
            Comparison of calculated and measured solubility  of. gypsum

            in  Pond C leachate  and  supernate

-------
              1.5,—
a

-------
                           APPENDIX B
    RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF INPUT SLUDGE LIQUOR, FULL
      CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF POND LEACHATES,
                    AND POND WATER SAMPLES
            The results of the analyses of input sludge liquors are given
in Table B-l.  The chemical analyses of pond leachates, performed by
The Aerospace Corporation, are presented in Table B-2.

            The data contained in Table B-3 are the results of analyses
by the Tennessee Valley Authority  (T VA) and The Aerospace Corporation
on samples of supernate, leachate, and groundwaters from the Shawnee
flue gas  desulfurization (FGD)  sludge disposal evaluation ponds.  The TVA
and Aerospace results are tabulated separately, as indicated in the print-
out, for  each category of water sample.  All results are in milligrams
per liter, except pH and conductivity.  Conductivity is shown in micromhos
per centimeter, and pH is in units.  The pond identification and water
category are printed at the top of each  sheet, and the  date  each sample
was taken is indicated by year,  month,  and day. A summation of all
soluble constituents is shown at the bottom of each column for convenience
of comparison with total dissolved  solids (TDS). All data shown are
presented as received from each laboratory,  i.  e. , no corrections have
been made for possible analytical errors.
                                 Ill

-------
                                   TABLE B-l.   INPUT  LIQUOR ANALYSIS
Pond3
A
B

C
D

E

F


G


Sludge Type
Lime, filter cake
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Lime, centrifuge cake
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Limestone, clarifier
underflow
Limestone, clarifier
underflow, flyash
remixed
Lime, centrifuge cake,
flyash remixed and
layered
Moisture
Content.
%
54
62

45
62

62

53


53


pH
8. 3
8.9

8.9
9.2

9.4

12.2


7.8


Concentration, mg/f
Ca
2100
1060

2720
1880

1880

1990


150


SC-4
1525
1875

1575
1500

1400

1100


6600


Cl
4600
1850

4700
2950

2700

2000


3600


SO 3
4
3

45
56

32

..


..


TDSb
8560
5160

9240
6750

6190

6700


14000


As
0.024
0.004

0.002


0.004

0.002


0. 14


B
44
97

34
93

80

76


93


Pb
0.49
<0.02

<0.01
<0.02

<0.01

<0.01


<0.01


Mg
290
2. 5

33
50

12

0. 3


5000d


Na
--
17

46
56

41

70


12


Se
0.005
0.020

0.018
	

0.014

0.042


0. 63


Hg
<0.0001
0.0024

<0.0001


0.00033

<0.0002


<0.0002


CODC
--
140

140
130

110

43


53


 Pond H to be analyzed.
 Total dissolved solids.
cChemical oxygen demand.
 Magnesia added to lime absorbent.

-------
     TABLE B-2.   FULL CHARACTERIZATION ANALYSIS OF
                    POND LEACHATESa
Test Parameter
Aluminum
Antimony
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Cobalt
Copper
Calcium
Arsenic
Boron
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Nitrogen
Potassium
Selenium
Sodium
Silicon
Silver
Tin
Vanadium
Zinc
Fluoride
Chloride
Carbonate
Phosphate
Sulfate
Ponds
A
9.2
0.78
<0.004
O.OOZ
0.06
<0.05
<0.05
1400
0.059
45
0.20
<0.01
90
<0. 00008
0. 33
2.0
<0.05
0.79
78
0.014
66
--
0.036
0. 32
0.08
<0.05
2.9
2300
<40
<0.04
1300
B
3.0
0. 18
<0.004
<0.002
0.02
<0.05
<0.05
5.25
0.011
1. 3
0.05
0.01
27
0.0007
0.47
0. 11
<0.05
3.61
109
0.009
83
--
0.022
<0.08
<0.08
<0.05
0.05
520
<1
0.08
1100
C
2.6
0. 12
<0.004
<0.002
0.03
<0.05
<0.05
574
0.021
1.0
0. 18
<0.01
9
0.0012
0. 19
0.45
<0.05
<0.010
425
0.022
143
0.48
0.038
0.08
<0.08
<0.05
0.4
1050
<20
0. 12
1175
D
3.8
0.40
<0.004
<0.002
0. 11
<0.05
<0.05
675
0.34
1.3
0. 10
<0.01
37
0.00115
<0.05
0.34
<0.05
0.74
13
0.004
17
--
0.012
<0.08
0.08
<0.05
3.0
970
<1
0.24
1375
E
0.2
0. 10
<0.004
<0.002
0.01
<0.05
<0.05
30
0.076
0.5
0.20
<0.01
0.4
0.0007
<0.05
0. 32
<0.05
0.52
425
0.005
540
0.60
0.010
0.08
0.29
<0.05
1.75
520
<50
<0.04
1075
Analysis by Aerospace on samples taken 1/21/76
                                 113

-------
TABLE B-3.  ANALYSES OF POND WATERS

-------
(Jl
POS'D A SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG PSA
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TS5
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741022.0000
100.0000
8.1000
100.0000
2000. ocoo
0.0000
8000.0000
7100.0000
18.0000
1400.0000
.0300
16.0000
2000.0000
.0100
140.0000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
5556.0425
PSA
741209.0000
120.0000
8.2000
60.0000
930.0000
60.0000
4600.0000
4300.0000
27.0000
1100.0000
.0150
2.2000
1100.0000
.0100
71.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
3253.2272

750212.
140.
8.
49.
630.
24.
3200.
28CO.
6.
1100.
8.
880.
48.
0.
0.
2666.
PSA
0000
0000
5000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
cooo
0000
0100
0000
0003
0020
0000
0000
8173
PSA
750428.0000
160.0000
8.0000
43.0000
250.0000
14.0000
1800.0000
1600.0000
7.0000
570.0000
.0050
0.0000
480.0000
.0160
20.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
1320.0232

750707.
180.
0.
0.
300.
20.
2500.
2300.
14.
610.
5.
640.
21.
0.
16.
1792.
PSA
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0060
3000
0000
0100
0000
0017
0020
0000
0000
3197

750901
200
8
34
440
29
3600
3600
6
1900
8
1200
26
0
23
3597
PSA
.0000
.0000
.2000
-OOOCL
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.1200
.3000
.0000
.0200
.0000
. 0002_
.0020
.0000
.0000
.4422
PSA
751107.0000
220.0000
8.4000
40.0000
330.0000
38.0000
3700.0000
3500.0000
20.0000
1300.0000
.0190
14.0000
1200.0000
.0100
34.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
27.0000
2905.0302
PSA
760106.0000
240.0000
7.7000
36.0000
300.0000
27.0000
1800.0000
1900.0000
31.0000
540.0000
.0050
0.0000
670.0000
.0230
19.0000
.0014
.0020
0.0000
20.0000
1549.0314
POND A SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHD
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
bULrllL
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSA
760301.0000
260.0000
7.8000
26.0000
130.0000
53.0000
1500.0000
1500.0000
16.0000
690.0000
.0100
3.8000
540.0000
.0100
17.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
15.0000
1395.8242
PSA
760706.0000
260.0000
7.4000
84.0000
42.0000
32.0000
930.0000
1800.0000
7.0000
320.0000
.0150
2.0000
240.0000
.0100
12.0000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
8.9000
624.9282























































-------
POND A SUFERNATE
HELL DESIG
DATE 741026
REC NO. 340
PH 7
ALKALINITY 59
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
S'JLFATE
ARSENIC
BC:?ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
1600
0
7800
5850
10
1500
0
22
14SO
0
0
1
0
4604
PSA
AEROSPACE ---
PSA
.0000 750423
.0000 360
.7100 7
.0000 43
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0030
.0000
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0930
.6000
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.7930
390
50
1800
1540
0
650
1
540
4
0
1586
.0000 751103.
.0000 330.
.6800 7.
.0000 41.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.9000
.0000
.1000
.6000
.0002
.0070
.2000
.0000
.8122
710.
65.
3440.
3870.
0.
1675.
8.
760.
33.
30.
3216.
PSA

0000 760415
0000 400
1300 7
0000 47
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0040
8000
0000
0100
0000
0003
0060
1000
0000
9203
350
0
2080
2080
0
750
6
455
18
0
18
1597
PSA
.0000
.0000
.0300
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0010
.3000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0013
.0310
.0000
.0000
.3433

-------
POND A LEACHATE
WELL OESIG Lls'A
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741015.0000
1040.0000
7.0000
410.0000
36.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
830.0000
150.0000
230.0000
.0050
.3300
160.0000
.0100
44.0000
.0019
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
470.3589
LWA
741209.0000
460.0000
6.8000
310.0000
1800.0000
90.0000
6300.0000
5400.0000
170.0000
790.0000
.0050
2.2000
1200.0000
.0100
120.0000
.0012
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
3912.2182
LWA
750211.0000
480.0000
7.6000
150.0000
2900.0000
100.0000
9500.0000
6600.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
.0050
28.0000
2100.0000
.0480
98.0000
.0010
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
6226.0560
LWA
750428.0000
500.0000
7.6000
61.0000
3300.0000
150.0000
9800.0000
7700.0000
31.0000
1000.0000
.0050
31.0000
1600.0000
.0320
72.0000
.0018
.0120
0.0000
0.0000
6003.0508

750707.
520.
7.
62.
3500.
1400.
10000.
8100.
100.
980.
42.
2300.
82.
0.
0.
6904.
LWA
0000
0000
5000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0200
0000
0000
0620
0000
0067
0130
0000
0000
1017

750901
540
6
260
3300
170
10000
7800
330
1300
48
3000
120
0
96
7864
LWA
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0080
.0000
.0000
.0150
.0000
-000?.
.0040
.0000
.0000
.0279
LWA
751103.0000
560.0000
7.4000
230. OOQO
3000.0000
58.0000
11000.0000
7600.0000
40.0000
940.COOO
.0750
36.0000
2700.0000
.1200
81.0000
.0009
.0010
0.0000
120.0000
6877.1969

760106
580
8
110
2200
180
9200
6000
180
1000
0
2500
74
0
71
5845
LWA
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.1200
.0000
.0000
.1100
.0000
.0013
.0020
.0000
.0000
.2333
POND A LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CO!,'D
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCRON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
bULU ft
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LUA
760301.0000
600.0000
8.3000
89.0000
1600.0000
48.0000
7600.0000
5400.0000
21.0000
1200.0000
.0600
46.0000
1500.0000
.3200
82.0000
.0005
.0060
0.0000
64.0000
4692.3865
LWA
760706.0000
620.0000
7.4000
110.0000
1200.0000
46.0000
3800.0000
4100.0000
93.0000
1100.0000
.0100
21.0000
850.0000
.0190
130.0000
.0002
.0030
-0.0000
140.0000
3441.0322
LWA
761109.0000
640.0000
7.2000
58.0000
810.0000
47.0000
3200.0000
4000.0000
910.0000
2200.0000
.0120
21.0000
910.0000
.0380
91.0000
.0002
.0110
0.0000
81.0000
4113. C612

















































-------
POND A LEACH ATE
WELL OESIG
DATE 741014
REC NO. 760
PH 7
• ALKALINITY 49
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGMESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
840
110
3300
2460
870
700
0
10
465
49
0
0
8
0
2073
LWA
AEROSPACE ---
LWA
.0000 750428
.0000 780
.8300 7
.0000 67
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.2000
.0000
.0270
.3000
.0000
.0000
.6000
.COOO
.1270
2100
0
9800
7292
0
1425
25
2040
14
0
0
5605
.0000 751105
.0000 600
.7100 7
.0000 177
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.4400
.8000
.0003
.0080
.0000
.0000
.2533
3400
200
9090
7560
0
1250
47
2080
0
129
12
6915
LWA

.0000 760121
.0000 820
.2600 8
.0000 63
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0003
.0080
.4000
.5000
.9123
2300
150
6250
5560
0
1300
45
1400
90
0
66
5201
LUA

.0000 760415
.0000 840
.1600 7
.0000 60
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0590
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0001
.0140
.0000
.0000
.0831
1500
0
5000
4340
0
1200
40
1000
53
0
50
3843
LWA
LWA
.0000 761109.0000
.0000 860.0000
.5900 7.4000
.0000 49.6000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0010
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.OC09
.0330
.0000
.0000
.0449
710.0000
0.0000
4080.0000
3596.0000
0.0000
1420.0000
.0020
33.0000
930.0000
.0400
81.0000
.0001
.0040
0.0000
82.0000
3261.0461
00

-------
POND A GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG GWA1
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CCND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCRCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740709.0000
920.0000
6.9000
390.0000
31.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
730.0000
10.0000
140.0000
.0050
.2200
120.0000
.2400
6.6000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
298.2672
GUA1
740722.0000
940.0000
6.9000
410.0000
34.0000
0.0000
390.0000
770.0000
40.0000
240.0000
.0050
."900
130.0000
.0580
42.0000
.0010
.0020
0.0000
0.0030
446.3560

740729
960
6
410
34
0
1100
eso
35
240
160
47
0
0
501
GWA1
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.ooco
.0000
.0000
.0050
.3500
.0000
.0950
.0000
.0470
.0020
.0000
.0000
.4990
GWA1
740805.0000
980.0000
6.8000
430.0000
36.0000
0.0000
0.0000
840.0000
230.0000
280.0000
.0050
.3700
190.0000
.0680
56.0000
.0013
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
562.4463
GUA1
740903.0000
1000.0000
6.9000
370.0000
35.0000
0.0000
0.0000
790.0000
0.0000
210.0000
.0050
0.0000
160.0000
0.0000
48.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
453.0072
GUA1
741007.0000
1020.0000
7.2000
330.0000
37.0000
0.0000
0.0000
820.00?0
63.0000
260.0000
.0050
.3200
160.0000
.0100
49.0000
.0003
.0020
0.0000
O.COCO
506.3373

741015
440
6
490
590
0
3100
2200
210
500
6
560
47
0
0
1703
C-WA1
.0000
.0000
.6000
-^OJlQfl-
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.?000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0003
.0020
.0000
.0000
.8173

741028.
1060.
7.
390.
30.
0.
1200.
770.
49.
180.
120.
41.
0.
0.
371.
G'.JAl
0000
0000
0000
COOO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
2^00
0000
0100
0000
0002
0020
0000
0000
2672
POND A GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COKD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
5ULF1TE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GMA1
741209.0000
1060.0000
6.5000
440.0000
45.0000
16.0000
1100.0000
700.0000
0.0000
110.0000
.0050
.4600
110.0000
.0100
32.0000
.0004
.0020
O.OCOO
0.0000
297.4974
GWA1
750211. COOO
1100.0000
6.7000
380.0000
25.0000
66.0000
1000.0000
670.0000
0.0000
140.0000
.0050
.3300
150.0000
.0400
36.0000
.0035
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
351.4305
750426
1120
6
210
94
19
930
700
61
150
160
36
0
0
440
GWA1
.0000
.0000
.9000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.COOO
.0050
.4900
.0000
.0400
.0000
.0028
.0020
.0000
.0000
.5398
GWA1
750707.0000
1140.0000
6.5000
300.0000
36.0000
34.0000
980.0000
650.0000
420.0000
150.0000
.0050
.4600
110.0000
.0450
36.0000
.0170
.0020
0.0000
64.0000
396.5290
GWA1
750901.0000
1160.0000
6.8000
280.0000
41.0COO
17.0000
960.0000
690.0000
21.0000
150.0000
.0050
1.3000
130.0000
.0160
38.0000
.0013
.0020
O.OOCO
68.0000
428.3263
GWA1
751103.0000
1160.0000
7.3000
200.0000
46.0000
27.0000
1000.0000
670.0000
20.0000
160.0000
.0050
.3700
94.0000
.0160
43.0000
.0013
.0010
0.0000
68.0000
416.3933
7601C6
1200
6
350
40
0
730
540
310
130
0
120
32
0
62
384
GWA1
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0370
.0000
.0007
.0020
.0000
.0000
.0447
760301.
1220.
6.
250.
33.
0.
740.
420.
170.
140.
98.
31.
0.
56.
358.
GWA1
0000
0000
6000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0300
3600
0000
0100
0000
0016
0040
0000
0000
4056

-------
POND A GROUND UEU 1---
WELL DESIG G'.JAl
DATE 740904
REC MO. 1260
PH S
ALKALINITY 179
CHL03IDE
COD
COMD
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SCDIUM
TOTAL ELEM
64
40
910
620
0
8
40
72
0
204
AEROSPACE ---
GWA1
.0000 741028.
.0000 1230.
.1300 7.
.OCOO 0.
.0000
.0000
.OCOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.-'(COO
.0000
.0500
.0000
.0003
.0040
.4000
.0000
.8598
66.
0.
660.
568.
130.
175.
40.
34.
0.
0.
335.
0000 750415
0000 1340
9400 7
0000 250
OOCO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0040
4000
0000
0530
2000
0000
0020
1000
0000
7590
66
0
690
480
0
120
1
57
31
0
60
355
GWA1

GWA1

.0000 750428.0000 751103
.0000 1300.0000 1320
.1200 6.9300 7
.0000 266.0000 314
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0310
.8000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0003
.0130
.0000
.0000
.6548
86
95
910
440
0
250
68
33
0
437
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.OOCO
.0000
.0050
.3000
.0000
.0700
.0000
.noos
.0150
.5000
.0000
.8905
100
40
820
740
0
150
72
40
78
440
GM41
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.5000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0006
.0060
.3000
.0000
.8346
tSJ
O

-------
POND A GROUND WELL 2
WELL DESIG GUA2
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CCNO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCU2Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740723.0000
1380.0000
7.3000
670.0000
27.0000
0.0000
1100.0000
790.0000
100.0000
22.0000
.0050
.1400
100.0000
.0850
65.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
O.OCOO
214.2322
GIM2
740729. OOCO
1400.0000
7.1000
640.0000
26.0000
0.0000
870.0000
750.0000
39.0000
32.0000
.0050
.1600
120.0000
.0520
66.0000
.1900
.0020
O.OCOO
0.0000
244.4090
GUA2
740805.0000
1420.0000
7.2000
590.0COO
26.0000
0.0000
0.0000
720.0000
31.0000
28.0000
.0050
.1600
120.0000
.0390
63.0000
.0015
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
237.2575
GWA2
740903.0000
1440.0000
7.2000
570.0000
27.0000
0.0000
0.0000
680.0000
0.0000
21.0000
.0050
.1200
100.0000
.0140
54.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
202.1412
GWA2
741007.0000
1460.0000
7.3000
490.0000
26.0000
0.0000
0.0000
610.0000
62.0000
42.0000
.0050
.1200
94.0000
.0100
51.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
213.1372
GUA2
741022.0000
1480.0000
7.7000
400.0COO
24.0000
0.0000
990.0000
610.0000
43.0000
40.0000
.0050
.1000
100.0000
.0100
52.0000
.0004
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
216.1174
GWA2
741028.0000
1500.0000
7.7000
480.0000
22.0000
0.0000
970.0000
580.0000
110.0000
46.0000
.0050
.1000
63.0000
.0100
46.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
177.1172
GKA2
741209.0000
1520.0000
8.0000
400.0000
30.0000
16.0000
850.0000
550.0000
18.0000
64.0000
.0050
.2300
59.0000
.0100
38.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
191.2472
POND A GROUND WELL 2
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
ECHO.')
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFI lE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GUA2
750211.0000
1540.0000
7.4000
74.0000
18.0000
Cl.OOOO
500.0000
330.0000
0.0000
130.0000
.0050
.2600
40.0000
.0260
18.0000
.0004
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
206.2954
GWA2
750428.0000
1560.0000
7.4000
58.0000
16.0000
8.0000
420.0000
320.0000
89.0000
68.0000
.0050
.3400
32.0000
.0160
12.0000
.0011
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
148.3641
GWA2
750707.0000
1580.0000
7.1000
100.0000
20.0000
47.0000
440.0000
530.0000
19000.0000
190.0000
.0050
.3300
110.0000
.2000
4.2000
.0015
.0020
0.0000
28.0000
352.7385
GWA2
750901.0000
1600.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
10.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.8000
51.0000
.0220
15.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
32.0000
98.8296
GWA2
751107.0000
1620.0000
7.5000
150.0000
13.0000
10.0000
470.0000
350.0000
12.0000
88.0000
.0050
.3100
45.0000
.0170
26.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
30.0000
202.3332
GWA2
760106.0000
1640.0000
7.2000
110.0000
9.0000
11.0000
350.0000
240.0000
50.0000
65.0000
.0050
0.0000
38.0000
.0300
14.0000
.0007
.0020
0.0000
22.0000
148.0377
GUA2
760301.0000
1660.0000
7.0000
86.0000
8.0000
6.0000
330.0000
220.0000
10.0000
75.0000
.0100
.1700
28.0000
.0490
14.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
19.0000
144.2332
GWA2
760503.0000
1680.0000
7.6000
28.0000
180.0000
40.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
7.0000
1200.0000
.1200
8.3000
470.0000
.0100
14.0000
.0002
.0080
0.0000
15.1000
1887.5332

-------
POND A GROUND WELL 2 	
WELL DESIG GWA2
DATE 740904
REC NO. 1700
PH 8
ALKALINITY 339
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
64
20
770
488
0
22
15
74
0
176
AEROSPACE ---
Gil A 2
.0000 741028
.0000 1720
.7100 8
.0000 330
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.4000
.0000
.0400
.0000
.0005
.0050
.9000
:0000
.3505
73
40
690
440
0
51
15
70
0
0
210
.0000 750423
.0000 1740
.7200 7
.0000 55
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.2000
.0000
.0300
.0000
.0000
.0020
.9000
.0000
.1370
43
5
370
248
0
175
26
13
0
259
GUA2

.0000 751103
.0000 1760
.4000 7
.0000 155
.COOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0200
.4000
.0004
.0040
.2000
.0000
.7294
56
40
420
344
0
90
32
19
33
230
GWA2

.0000 760415.
.0000 1780.
.7200 7.
.0000 82.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.OCOO
.0000
.0000
.0060
.1000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.OC02
.0020
.2000
.0000
.3202
44.
0.
290.
193.
0.
70.
1.
27.
11.
0.
22.
175.
G'-1A2
0000
0000
4600
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010
5000
0000
0100
0300
0008
0060
0000
0000
5198
ro

-------
OJ
POND B SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG PSB
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
D050N
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCU3Y
SELENIUM
S'JLFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750415.0000
1800. OOCO
11.5000
1300.0000
1500. OCOO
60.0000
8500.0000
5600.0000
- 160.0000
960.0000
.0050
63.0000
2300. CCOO
.0100
.2000
.0002
.0900
0.0000
0.0000
4623.3052
750428
1840
8
79
600
25
2600
2200
8
430
24
840
4
0
0
1893
PSB
.0000
.0000
.7000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0400
.2000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.2472

750708
1860
8
30
320
25
2200
1800
4
900
10
510
2
0
21
1763
PSB
.0000
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0000
.0100
.3000
.0003
.0050
.0000
.0000
.6253

750901
1830
8
47
3SO
54
3400
3000
17
1700
7
960
3
0
40
3110
POKD B SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEECU3Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSB
760706.0000
1900.0000
7.1000
36.0000
23.0000
25. 0000
700.0000
460.0000
4.0000
330.0000
.0050
1.0000
160.0000
.0100
2.1000
.0002
.0010
0.0300
5.1000
521.2162






























PSB
.0000
.0000
.6000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.5000
.0000
.0250
.2000
,0002
.0030
.0000
.0000
.7332








751103.
1900.
8.
34.
320.
43.
2900.
2600.
17.
1200.
580.
6.
0.
30.
2137.







PSB
0000
0000
3000
POPO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0200
5700
0000
0100
9000
0002
0010
0000
0000
50*2








760106.
1920.
7.
29:
150.
3.
1500.
PRO.
11.
94.
0.
320.
3.
0.
9.
577.







PS&—
0000
0000
1000
JLOD_0_
0000
0000
OOCO
0000
0000
0000
0050
000_0_
0000
0100
9000
£OJ)2_
0020
0000
3000
?17?







PSB
760301.0000
1940.0000
7.5000
30.0000
66.0000
11.0000
900.0000
770.0000
2.0000
460.0000
.0100
.9400
270.0000
.0100
2.7000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
6.7000
806.3642








760503
1960
7
34
82
42
1800
1800
15
950
2
370
4
0
15
1423







PSB
.0000
.0000
.4000
.OCOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
_oono
.0000
.0000
.0200
.1000
.0000
.0100
.8000
.OC02
.0040
.0000
.0000
.9342








-------
POND B SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE 750415
REC NO. 2040
PH 12
ALKALINITY 1294
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCRCM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
2400
0
7900
5560
0
1875
86
1740
0
70
34
6205
PS3
AEROSPACE ---
FSB
.0000 751103
.0000 2060
.1500 6
.0000 35
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.0000
.ooco
.3900
.0000
.0001
.OS90
.0000
.0000
.4831
400
50
2700
2670
0
1500
4
580
10
28
2522
.0000 760503.
.0000 2060.
.7900 6.
.0000 34.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.oono
.0000
.0000
.0100
.4000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0004
.0160
.2000
.0000
.6334
117.
0.
1810.
1760.
0.
1100.
3.
400.
5.
0.
15.
1640.
PSB

0000 760518
0000 2100
7000 7
0000 30
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0120
0000
0030
0100
0000
0006
0650
0000
0000
0876
130
0
1420
1460
0
775
1
300
4
0
11
1221
PSB
.0000
.0000
.3500
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0010
.6000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0012
.0360
.0000
.0000
.8482

-------
ro
PO.'JD B LEACHATE
WELL DESI6 LWB
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
6030N
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750211.0000
2120.0000
8.3000
350.0000
110.0000
40.0000
1200.0000
440.0000
0.0000
65.0000
.0070
.9600
64.0000
.0500
6.0000
.0003
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
266.6272
LI .'3
750415.0000
2140.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1000
290.0000
.0900
44.0000
.0016
.0100
0.0000
0.0000
334.2066

750422
2160
6
8
620
92
0
0
0
440
50
470
36
0
0
1616
LWB
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0000
.0240
.0000
.0002
.0620
.0000
.0000
.0962
LWB
750428.0000
2180.0000
6.9000
22.0000
460.0000
42.0000
0.0000
1800.0000
18.0000
530.0000
.0500
0.0000
530.0000
.0280
35.0000
.0033
.1300
0.0000
0.0000
1555.2118
LWB
750707.0000
2200.0000
10.1000
250.0000
940.0000
1200.0000
3400.0000
2600.0000
12000.0000
490.0000
.0400
3.2000
2300.0000
.0490
57.0000
.0007
.2000
0.0000
70.0000
3860.4897
LWB
750901.0000
2220.0000
9.1000
70.0000
680.0000
98.0000
3900.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
360.0000
.0200
.9000
570.0000
.0160
2.6000
.0014
.0230
0.0000
160.0000
1973.5604

751103.
2240.
6.
&.
660.
35.
3700.
2^00.
6.
620.
620.
27.
0.
150.
2277.
POND B LEACHATE
WELL DE5IG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCRON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
'JULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWB
760301.0000
2260.0000
7.0000
34.0000
290.00CO
12.0000
2600.0000
£400.0000
49.0000
1200.0000
.0200
.9600
790.0000
.0530
14.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
68.0000
2363.0422
LWB
760503.0000
2300.0000
7.9000
120.0000
130.0000
43.0000
1600.0000
1400.0000
530.0000
960.0000
.0100
1.1000
380.0000
.0100
7.7000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
19.0000
1517.8242




































me_
0000
0000
2000
0000
0000
0000
0000
JJQOO
0000
0000
0250
ZkStSL
0000
0100
0000
.O.OJ1£_
0040
0000
0000
£532-








760106.
2280.
7.
39.
630.
13.
3100.
2700.
130.
690.
0.
840.
25.
-0.
110.
2495.







LU'B
0000
0000
3000
onoo
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0150
0000
0000
0470
0000
0005
0040
0000
0000
0665








-------
POND B LEACHATE
WELL DESI6
DATE 750311.
REC NO. 2400.
PH 5.
ALKALINITY 0.
CHLORIDE
COD
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCPOS
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
170.
75.
680.
500.
0.
150.
20.
8.
0.
348.
LUB
AEROSPACE 	
LWB
0000 750415.
0000 2420.
3200 6.
0000 28.
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0140
10CO
0000
0400
0000
0010
0170
1700
0000
3420
140.
0.
300.
320.
0.
150.
1.
28.
8.
0.
327.
0000 751103.
0000 2440.
7300 6.
0000 10.
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
ooco
0000
0200
0000
0004
0060
1000
0000
1334
1100.
50.
3570.
2670.
0.
675.
1.
400.
26.
158:
2360.
LU'3

OOCO 760121
0000 2460
1300 7
0000 2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
cooo
0040
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0160
1000
0000
1302
520
50
2700
2540
0
1100
1
525
27
0
63
2256
LW3

.0000 760503.
.0000 2460.
.3700 7.
.0000 0.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0110
.3000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0007
.0090
.0000
.0000
.3307
139.
0.
1790.
1690.
0.
1000.
0.
3.
450.
11.
0.
0.
0.
23.
1626.
LUB
0000
0000
0700
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
8000
0000
0100
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
8100

-------
POND B LEACHATE 1
WELL DESI6
DATE 760706.
REC NO. 2320.
PH 7.
ALKALINITY 84.
CHLOSIOE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
930.
64.
2500.
2500.
870.
750.
1.
630.
27.
0.
23.
2362.
LWB1

0000 760720
0000 2340
5000 7
0000 66
0000
0000
COOO
0000
0000
0000
OoOO
9000
0000
0290
COOO
OC02
OOSO
0000
0000
0172
130
63
1300
1900
200
1200
2
620
8
0
23
1983
LWS1
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.ocoo
.2000
.0000
.0100
.4000
.0002
.0010
.0000
.0000
.6312

-------
POHD B LEACHATE 2
I.'ELL DESIG
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSEHIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGMESIUM
MEKCU3Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
760720.
7280.
7.
"3.
660.
60.
CSOO.
ceoo.
690.
970.
Z.
800.
26.
0.
110.
2568.
LU'32
0000
0000
4000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0200
1000
0000
0130
0000
0005
0020
0000
0000
1405
oo

-------
POND B GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESI6 GW51
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
CCND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
DOR ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750415.0000
2500.0000
6.9000
240.0000
63.0000
0.0000
610.0000
420.0000
120.0000
24.0000
.0050
.1300
31.0000
.1600
15.0000
.0059
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
138.3229
GWB1
750422.0000
2520.0000
6.9000
240.0000
64.0000
40.0000
0.0000
490.0000
19.0000
28.0000
.0050
.1400
43.0000
.0560
16.0000
.0007
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
151.2037
GliBl
750423.0000
2540.0000
6.9000
240.0000
66.0000
210.0000
720.0000
3CO.OOOO
23.0000
23.0000
.0050
.1300
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0008
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
89.1378
G'-Ol
750706.0000
2560.0000
6.9000
240.0000
62.0000
1400.0000
690.0000
510.0000
1000.0000
24.0000
.0050
.1400
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
106.1475

750901
2580
6
210
66
18
660
570
450
42
61
15
0
89
273
C-WB1
.0000
.0000
.7000
-jumo.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
-7QCO
.0000
.0720
.0000
.J10Q_2_
.0020
.0000
.0000
,7792

751103.
2600.
6.
190.
91.
6.
650.
120.
130.
42.
35.
15.
Gi)3l_
0000
0000
9000
.OJXOJL
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
2600
0000
1800
0000
000?
.0120
0.0000
-0.0000
183.4572
GWB1
760106. COCO
2620.0000
6.7000
170.0000
170.0000
16.0000
910.0000
^00.0000
4200.0000
68.0000
.0050
.2400
100.0000
.5800
27.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
95.0000
460.8272

760301.
2640.
6.
170.
140.
9.
640.
5?0.
250.
42.
72.
18.
0.
130.
402.
Gl.'Bl
OOCO
0000
8000
0000
0000
0000
0000
cooo
0000
0000
0100
0?00
0000
0270
0000
0002
0040
0000
0000
0612
POND B GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GW31
760503.0000
2660.0000
7.1000
190.0000
83.0000
23.0000
740.0000
450.0000
2500.0000
120.0000
.0050
.1000
55.0000
.1100
14.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
74.0000
351.2192
GUB1
760712.0000
2680. OCOO
7.3000
200.0000
93.0CCO
11.0000
700.0000
460.0000
270. OCOO
22.0000
.0050
.8000
41.0000
.3600
16.0000
.0003
.0030
0.0000
97.0000
270.1683
GWB1
760914.0000
2700.0000
7.1000
200.0000
150.0000
10.0000
770.0000
550.000C
1100.0000
36.0000
.0050
.1600
45.0000
.0340
16.0000
.0002
.C040
0.0000
11.0000
258.2532
GWB1
761109.0000
2720.0000
6.9000
180.0000
160.0000
18.0000
790.0000
630.0000
820.0000
82.0000
.0120
.1600
42.0000
.0290
19.0000
.0013
.0040
0.0000
140.0000
443.2063











































-------
Oo
O
POND B GROUND WELL 1 — -
WELL DESIG GWS1
DATE 750415
REC NO. 2760
PH 7
ALKALINITY 217
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TCS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
G090M
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
95
75
620
"400
0
225
40
15
0
377
AEROSPACE - —
GWB1
.0000 751103
.0000 2780
.6300 7
.OOCO 189
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.9000
.0000
.0300
.3000
.0007
.0060
.5200
.0000
.2617
130
40
610
392
0
15
40
15
63
263
.0000 760503
.0000 2800
.0600 7
.0000 173
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.1COO
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0004
.0120
.4000
.0000
.5384
88
0
660
354
0
60
47
15
0
79
289
GWB1

.0000 761109
.0000 8330
.9300 7
.0000 187
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.3000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0008
.0810
.OCOO
.0000
.4068
175
0
860
534
0
46
2
39
13
0
140
415
G!J?1
.0000
.0000
.8200
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0120
.0000
.0000
.0350
.5000
.0001
.0006
.0000
.0000
.5477


-------
POND B GROUND WELL 2
WELL DESIG G',132
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
T5S
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCRCN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741111.0000
2820.0000
7.4000
90.0000
14.0000
0.0000
370.0000
220.COOO
110.0COO
47.0000
.0050
.1000
35.0000
.1200
8.7000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
104.9272
741209.
2840.
6.
SB.
86.
0.
710.
580.
11000.
85.
35.
8.
0.
0.
0.
215.
GUB2
COCO
0000
9000
0000
0000
0000
0000
onco
0000
0000
0050
4500
0000
0100
9000
0000
0020
0000
0000
3670

750211
2660
6
170
52
15
570
340
0
20
34
8
0
0
115
G'.JB2
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.4500
.0000
.0150
.7000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1722
GK32
750217.0000
2880.0000
6.7000
170.0000
50.0000
18.0000
570.0000
330.0000
0.0000
18.0000
.0050
.1000
31.0000
.1100
9.0000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
108.2175
GWB2
750224.0000
2900.0000
6.7000
160.0000
53.0000
9.0000
600.0000
330.0000
61.COOO
14.COOO
.0050
.1000
32.0000
.0780
17.0000
.0008
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
116.1858
GW32
750415.0000
2920.0000
6.7000
160.0000
52.0000
8.0000
540.0000
300.0000
47.0000
19.0000
.0050
.4200
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0022
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
71.4302
G'-'B2
750422.0000
2940.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
14.0000
0.0000
o.ooco
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1300
29.0000
.0460
11.0000
.0005
.0040
0.0000
0.0000
40.1855

750428.
2960.
6.
160.
53.
7.
530.
310.
12.
15.
29.
11.
0.
0.
108.
GWB2
0000
0000
7000
OOPO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1000
0000
0300
0000
0013
0030
0000
0000
1393
POND B GROUND WELL Z
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TS5
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LcAO
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITc
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GKB2
750706.0000
2980.0000
6.9000
170.0000
120.0000
10.0000
710.0000
470.0000
2300.0000
34.0000
.0050
.2500
42.0000
.0100
16.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
88.0000
300.2672
750901.
3000.
6.
210.
92.
92.
800.
540.
460.
36.
1.
63.
16.
0.
110.
318.
GW32
0000
0000
6000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0070
1000
0000
0140
0000
0002
0020
0000
0000
1232
751103
3020
7
220
26
6
690
430
130
39
47
19
0
83
214
GWB2
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.2600
.0000
.0500
.0000
.0003
.0010
.ocoo
.0000
.3163
GWB2
760106.0000
3040.0000
7.2000
270.0000
52.0000
36.0000
350.0000
0.0000
0.0000
160.0000
.0050
.1600
690.0000
1.4000
120.0000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
110.0000
1133.5676
GWB2
760301.0000
3060.0000
6.9000
130.0000
51.0000
4.0000
480.0000
320.0000
600.0000
30.0000
.0050
.1000
34.0000
.0630
14.0000
.0020
.0040
0.0000
70.0000
199.1740
GWB2
760503.0000
3080.0000
7.2000
170.0000
54.0000
7.0000
560.0000
360 .0000
740.0000
93.0000
.0050
.0100
37.0000
.0110
11.0000
.0002
.0050
0.0000
73.0000
268.0312
GWB2
760712.0000
3100.0000
7.3000
180.0000
88.0000
13.0000
680.0000
450.0000
640.0000
65.0000
.0050
.9000
35.0000
.6200
14.0000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
100.0000
303.7282













-------
POND B GROUND WELL 2---
WELL DESIG GUB2
DATE 750211
REC NO. 3140
PH 7
ALKALINITY 171
CHLORIDE
COD
COMD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BC3CN
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
60
35
530
320
0
18
1
40
12
0
151
AEROSPACE 	
GW32
.0000 750415
.0000 3160
.5400 7
.0000 158
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0030
.0000
.0050
.2000
.0000
.0500
.0000
.0001
.0090
.3000
.0000
.5641
73
15
440
320
0
125
12
13
0
224
.0000 751103
.0000 3160
. 560.0 7
.0000 233
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.8000
.0000
.0900
.6000
.0004
.0070
.2700
.0000
.7724
110
10
610
408
0
27
24
14
83
258
GW32
.0000 7
.0000
.2400
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.3000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0001
.0140
.5000
.0000
.8281

60503.
3200.
7.
337.
89.
0.
650.
422.
0.
100.
55.
15.
0.
75.
334.
GUB2
0000
0000
9100
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010
3000
0000
0100
0000
0004
09CO
0000
0000
4014
OO

-------
OJ
OO
POND C SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG PSC
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
CCD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750428.0000
3220.0000
11.2000
170.0000
560.0000
30.0000
2400.0000
1600.0000
9.0000
200.0000
.0080
. 3400
590.0000
.0160
.2000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
1350.5672
PSC
750505.0000
3240.0030
10.3000
31.0COO
240.0000
17.0000
2300.0000
1500.0000
31.0000
200.0000
.0050
.2600
480.0000
.0360
.4000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
920.7032
PSC
750708.0000
3260.0000
8.3000
21.0000
440.0000
18.0000
2700.0000
2100.0000
5.0000
600.0000
.0070
1.5000
450.0000
.0100
3.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
49.0000
1543.5192

750901
3280
8
30
500
19
3800
3200
11
1700
2
830
5
0
75
3162
PSC
.0000
.0000
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.3000
.0000
.0190
.3000
.0002
.0060
.0000
.0000
.6312
PSC
751103.0000
3300.0000
8.3000
28.0000
430.0000
16.0000
3400.0000
3000.0000
43.0000
1100.0000
.0050
.6700
600.0000
.0100
7.1000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
68.0000
2205.7872
PSC
760106.0000
3320.0000
8.0000
40.0000
180.0000
10.0000
1600.0000
1800.0000
82.0000
890.0000
.0150
0.0000
600.0000
.0250
8.4000
.0003
.0040
0.0000
29.0000
1707.4443

760308
3340
7
41
430
30
3600
3COO
7
2300
0
1000
26
-0
78
3834
PSC
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.ccoo
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.Q002
.0140
.0000
.0000
.0292

760503.
3360.
8.
54.
680.
35.
-0.
4300.
22.
1600.
1.
560.
18.
0.
120.
2979.
PSC
0000
0000
8000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1000
0000
0100
0000
0006
0310
0000
0000
1466
POND C SUFERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCU3Y
SELENIUM
SULU Ft
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSC
760706.0000
3380.0000
7.8000
37.0000
500.0000
13.0000
2000.0000
2300.0000
15.0000
1100.0000
.0200
£3.0000
460.0000
.0100
7.2000
.0002
.0140
0.0000
16.0000
2106.2442
PSC
761005.0000
3400.0000
8.2000
66.0000
460.0000
51.0000
3000.0000
3800.0000
13.0000
1900.0000
.0350
14.0000
490. COCO
.0100
25.0000
.0002
.0270
O.COOO
76.0000
2965.0722
PSC
761109.0000
3420.0000
8.0000
44.0000
220.0000
21.0000
2200.0000
2900.0000
6.COOO
2000.0000
.0120
7.4000
690.0000
.0100
29.0000
.0002
.0540
0.0000
38.0000
2984.4762




-












































-------
POND C SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE 750428.
REC HO. 3480.
PH 11.
ALKALINITY 173.
CHLORIDE
COD
CGKD
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
M1GNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
610.
49.
2400.
1560.
0.
175.
340.
3.
0.
1129.
PSC
AEROSPACE ---
PSC
0000 751103.
0000 3500.
4300 7.
0000 35.
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1000
0000
1400
7COO
0003
0040
85CO
0000
7995
540.
25.
3130.
2960.
0.
1500.
2.
600.
9.
68.
2719.
0000 760503
0000 3520
3200 8
0000 45
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0060
4000
0000
0100
0000
0003
0060
1000
0000
5223
680
0
4540
4220
0
1500
6
850
22
0
122
3160
PSC

.0000 761109
.0000 8620
.2300 7
.0000 40
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0280
.5000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0011
.1010
.0000
.0000
.6501
245
0
2780
2750
0
1475
7
680
23
0
48
2478
PSC
.0000
.0000
.1500
.COOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0180
.8000
.0000
.0450
.0000
.0001
.0173
.0000
.0000
.6304
UO

-------
(J1
POND C LEACHATE
WELL DESI6 LWC
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CO;
-------
POND C LEACHATE
UFLL DESIG
DATE 750C11
REC NO. 3760
PH 7
ALKALINITY 56
CHLORIDE
COD
COtID
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
42
20
430
£60
0
225
20
14
0
0
301
LWC
AEROSPACE 	
LUC
.0000 750423
.0000 3780
.4600 10
.0000 50
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0400
.0000
.0003
.0090
.0000
.0000
.1543
2562
0
7500
4720
0
75
1980
3
4
0
4625
.0000 760121.
.0000 3300.
.6100 6.
.0000 39.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.3600
.8000
.0001
.0110
.5000
.0000
.7761
1050.
60.
4160.
3540.
0.
1175.
1.
575.
9.
0.
143.
2953.
LWC

0000 760301
0000 3820
8600 0
0300 0
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0210
0000
0000
0100
0000
0012
0220
0000
0000
0542
330
0
0
0
0
1550
0
0
600
0
0
0
0
0
0
2530
LWC

.0000 760503
.0000 3840
.0000 7
.0000 40
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.cooo
.0000
.0030
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
580
0
4090
3750
0
1500
5
700
12
0
102
2899
LWC
.0000
.0000
.2600
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0230
.5000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0005
.1730
.0000
.0000
.7065

-------
OJ
POND C GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG GWC1
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740722.0000
3860.0000
7.7000
130.0000
10.0000
0.0000
400.0000
380.0000
720.0000
56.0000
.0050
.1000
29.0000
.1200
6.1000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
101.3270
GWC1
740729.0000
3S80.0000
7.4000
120.0000
9.0000
0.0000
460.0000
330.0000
81.0000
65.0000
.0050
.1000
34.0000
.0400
5.9000
.0290
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
134.0760
GWC1
740805.0000
3900.0000
7.4000
130.0000
10.0000
0.0000
0.0000
330.0000
26.0000
67.0000
.0050
.1000
34.0000
.0320
5.7000
.0003
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
116.8393
GWC1
740903.0000
3920.0000
7.5000
96.0000
7.0000
0.0000
0.0000
450.0000
0.0000
180.0000
.0050
.1000
83.0000
.0100
12.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
282.1172
GWC1
741007.0000
3940.0000
7.0000
47.0000
13.0000
0.0000
0.0000
370.0000
1000.0000
78.0000
.0050
.1000
38.0000
.0100
7.3000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
136.4172
GWC1
741209.0000
3960.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.2000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
.2070
GWC1
750211.0000
3980.0000
6.6000
130.0000
14.0000
12.0000
450.0000
330.0000
0.0000
55.0000
.0050
.1000
33.0000
.0150
48.0000
.0004
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
150.1224
POND C GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LcAO
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
bULHIt
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWC1
750428.0000
4020.0000
7.6000
88.0000
11.0000
5.0000
530.0000
300.0000
13.0000
430.0000
.0050
.1000
19.0000
.0220
3.1000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
463.2292
GWC1
750505.0000
4040.0000
6.7000
110.0000
12.0000
5.0000
450.0000
420.0000
28.0000
18.0000
.0050
.1000
22.0000
.0220
4.6000
.0052
.0050
0.0000
0.0000
56.7372
GWC1
750708.0000
4060.0000
7.0000
120.0000
40.0000
5.0000
440.0000
650.0000
3000.0000
180.0000
.0050
.1000
40.0000
.1500
9.3000
.0009
.0020
0.0000
53.0000
322.5579
GWC1
750901.0000
4080.0000
6.9000
80.0000
13.0000
6.00CO
470.0000
550.0000
1200.0000
160.0000
.0200
.7000
48.0000
.0630
7.4000
.0006
.0020
0.0000
54.0000
263.1856
GWC1
751103.0000
4100.0000
7.0000
76.0000
15.0000
7.0000
420.0000
400.0000
550.0000
83.0000
.0050
.2400
33.0000
.1500
7.1000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
53.0000
196.4962
GWC1
760301.0000
4120.0000
6.5000
80.0000
24.0000
5.0000
360.0000
330.0000
1600.0000
63.0000
.0100
.1200
230.0000
.5200
32.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
62.0000
431.6542
GWC1
760503.0000
4140.0000
7.1000
100.0000
13.0000
15.0000
530.0000
430.0000
160.0000
190.0000
.0100
.1200
47.0000
.2400
3.9000
.0002
.0070
0.0000
46.0000
300.2772
GWC1
750423.0000
4000.0000
7.6000
82.0000
11.0000
7.0000
340.0000
240.0000
12.0000
50.0000
.0050
.1100
15.0000
.0200
2.7000
.0011
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
78.8381

GUC1
760712.0000
4160.0000
6.9000
76.0000
14.0000
5.0000
360.00CO
320.0000
75.0000
64.0030
.0050
.0700
18.0000
.4100
3.4000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
54.0000
153.8862

-------
POND C GROUND
WELL DESIG
WELL I-~
GWC1
DATE 740904. 0000
REC NO. 4200.0000
PH 8.0800
ALKALINITY 106.0000
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TD3
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BCROH
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
61.0000
7.0000
590.0000
460.0000
O.OOCO
£50.0000
.0050
.1000
430.0000
.0500
18.0000
.0007
.0040
.2000
0.0000
809.3597
AEROSPACE -
GWC1
750438.0000
4220.0000
7.3700
93.0000
55.0000
48.0000
330.0000
280.0000
0.0000
75.0000
.0050
.1000
12.0000
.0200
4.1000
.0003
.0120
.1900
0.0000
146.4273
GWC1
751103.0000
4240.0000
7.0800
76.0000
64.0000
10.0000
310.0000
340.0000
0.0000
70.0000
.0020
.5000
16.0000
.0200
5.0000
.0001
.0180
.2000
57.0000
212.7401
GWC1
760503.0000
4260.0000
8.0100
228.0000
110.0000
0.0000
1950.0000
2050.0000
O.OOCO
1100.0000
.0870
.5000
400.0000
.0200
5.0000
.0008
.0950
0.0000
60.0000
1675.7028
00

-------
POHD C GROUND WELL 2
UELL DESI6 GWC2
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740305.0000
4280.0000
7.3000
68.0000
14.0000
0.0000
O.COOO
230.0000
210.0000
48.0000
.0050
.1000
31.0000
.0240
8.6000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
101.7312
GU'C2
740903.0000
4300.0000
7.3000
80.0000
15.0000
0.0000
0.0000
170.0000
0.0000
30.0000
.0050
.1000
23.0000
0.0000
8.4000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
76.5072
GWC2
741007.0000
4320.0000
7.3000
99.0000
26.0000
0.0000
0.0000
260.0000
120.0000
30.0000
.0050
.1000
26.0000
.0100
8.4000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
90.5172
GHC2
741209.0000
4340.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
.1070
POND C GROUND WELL 2
WELL OESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
bULI-I FE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWC2
750708.0000
4460.0000
7.0000
130.0000
110.0000
12.0000
850.0000
540.COOO
3600.0000
110.0000
.0050
2.5000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0009
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
222.5079
GWC2
750901.0000
4480.0000
7.2000
120.0000
110.0000
10.0000
910.0000
840.0000
2500.0000
170.0000
.0050
2.4000
120.0000
.1000
34.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
52.0000
488.5072
GWC2
751103.0000
4440.0000
7.3000
100.0000
130.0000
23.0000
930.0000
650.0000
4300.0000
200.0000
.0050
.6100
290.0000
.3000
84.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
59.0000
763.9162
GWC2
760315.0000
4500.0000
7.0000
130.0000
0.0000
5.0000
380.0000
230.0000
850.0000
26.0000
.0100
.5900
28.0000
.4800
22.0000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
26.0000
103.0832
GWC2
750211.0000
4360.0000
7.2000
140.0000
63.COOO
13.0000
610.0000
320.0000
0.0000
22.0000
.0050
.1000
38.0000
.0440
9.4000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
132.5512

GWC2
760503.0000
4520.0000
8.0000
150.0000
25.0000
25.0000
660.0000
500.0000
540.0000
240.0000
.0100
.6500
98.0000
.0280
13.0000
.0004
.0040
0.0000
23.0000
399.6924
GHC2
750423.0000
4360.0000
7.2000
150.0000
65.0000
9.0000
540.0000
320.0000
48.0000
17.0000
.0050
.1700
36.0000
.0220
12.0000
.0003
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
150.1993

GWC2
760712.0000
4540.0000
7.5000
130.0000
37.0000
5.0000
410.0000
270.0000
270.0000
41.0000
.0050
.3600
37.0000
.3200
15.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
28.0000
158.6862
' GWC2
750428.0000
4400.0000
7.2000
150.0000
66.0000
9.0000
570.0000
330.0QOQ
20.0000
23.0000
.0050
.2000
36.0000
.0200
15.0000
.0003
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
140.2278







GWC2
750505.0000
4420.0000
7.1000
160.0000
100.0000
18.0000
650.0000
400.0000
87.0000
52.0000
.0050
.2500
44.0000
.0580
13.0000
.0028
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
209.3178








-------
POND C GROUND WELL 2 — -
WELL DESIG GUC2
DATE 740904.
REC NO. 4580.
PH 7.
ALKALINITY 83.
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
ins
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
41.
0.
290.
154.
0.
37.
36.
13.
0.
127.
AEROSPACE 	
GWC2
0000 750428
0000 4600
6£00 7
0000 149
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
4000
0000
0300
0000
0006
0050
1000
0000
5406
99
75
530
340
0
25
32
13
0
169
.0000 751103
.0000 4620
.3500 7
.0000 101
.OCOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0500
.4000
.0003
.0100
.2600
.0000
.6453
195
10
950
672
0
150
3
48
40
58
494
GWC2

.0000 760315
.0000 4640
.2000 0
.0000 0
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.3000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0002
.0040
.2000
.0000
.5282
42
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
70
CMC 2

.0000 760503.
.0000 4660.
.0000 7.
.0000 141.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
54.
0.
550.
406.
0.
110.
78.
15.
0.
26.
283.
GWC2
0000
0000
8100
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0010
5000
0000
0100
0000
P006
0520
0000
0000
5636

-------
POND D SUPERNATE
WELL DESI6 PSD
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741028.0000
4680.0000
8.9000
270.0000
2400.0000
0.0000
9000.0000
7300.0000
98.0000
1700.0000
.1800
110.0000
1500.0000
.0100
190.0000
.0002
.0400
0.0000
0.0000
5900.2302
741209.
4700.
9.
310.
1000.
170.
5200.
4400.
1700.
980.
42.
1100.
40.
0.
0.
3162.
PSD
0000
0000
2000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0200
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0280
0000
0000
0582
PSO
750211.0000
4720.0000
8.5000
97.0000
950.0000
11.0000
4000.0000
3400.0000
2900.0000
1100.0000
.2400
49.0000
830.0000
.0270
170.0000
.0002
.0750
0.0000
O.COOO
3099.3422

750217.
4740.
8.
120.
1100.
19.
5600.
4400.
0.
2000.
64.
1000.
200.
0.
0.
4364.
PSD
0000
0000
3000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
3000
opoo
0000
0100
0000
0002
0600
0000
0000
3902
PSO
750224.0000
4760.0000
8.1000
170.0000
670.0000
14.0000
3700.0000
3000.0000
90.0000
950.0000
.1200
35.0000
970.0000
.0120
180.0000
.0002
.0600
0.0000
0.0000
2805.1922
POND D SUPERNATE
WELL DESI6
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSD
751103.0000
4840.0000
8.3000
33.0000
90.0000
36.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
14.0000
1200.0000
.5800
11.0000
710.0000
.0100
36.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
22.0000
2069.5912
760106.
4860.
7.
30.
32.
5.
1000.
1000.
18.
660.
0.
360.
14.
0.
7.
1073.
PSD
0000
0000
6000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0020
0000
0000
0172
PSD
760301.0000
4880.0000
7.3000
24.0000
23.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
960.0000
2.0000
650.0000
.0250
1.0000
340.0000
.0100
14.0000
.0006
.0040
0.0000
7.5000
1035.5396
760503.
4900.
7.
36.
23.
35.
1600.
1600.
74.
850.
1.
320.
14.
0.
12.
1220.
PSD
0000
0000
8000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0100
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0040
0000
0000
0242
PSD
760706.0000
4920.0000
7.4000
42.0000
50.0000
25.0000
1100.0000
1200.0000
4.0000
1300.0000
.0480
.7000
320.0000
.0100
8.9000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
0.0000
1679.6592
PSD
750428.0000
4780.0000
8.0000
35.0000
260.0000
16.0000
1900.0000
1700.0000
8.0000
750.0000
.0050
11.0000
360.0000
.0100
34.0000
.000?
.0180
0.0000
0.0000
1415.0332

PSD
760909.0000
4940.0000
7.4000
860.0000
14.0000
45.0000
1800.0000
680.0000
9200.0000
2000.0000
.1600
1.7000
470.0000
.0910
32.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
13.0000
2530.9732
PSD
750708.0000
4800. OOCO
8.4000
200.0000
31.0000
2700.0000
2000.0000
7.0000
130.0000
.0350
10.0000
650.0000
.0100
17.0000
.aoi6_
.0020
0.0000
13.0000
1220.0486

PSO
761109.0000
4960.0000
7^1000
30.0000
90.0000
17.0000
1900.0000
2700.0000
8.0000
2100.0000
.0140
2.6000
580.0000
.0100
41.0000
.0006
.0030
0.0000
19.0000
2832.6276

750901
4820
8
	 3.S
200
39
3300
3500
11
2600
16
1200
22
0
20
4058







PSD
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.4700
.0000
.0000
.0230
.0000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.4952








-------
POND D SUPERNATE
WELL DESI6
DATE 741026
REC NO. 5020
PH 8
ALKALINITY 0
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BO°ON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MESCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
3000
0
5600
6340
30
1550
93
1640
0
Z
0
6291
PSD
AEROSPACE ---
PSD
.0000 750311
.0000 5040
.7000 8
.0000 68
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0400
.6000
.0000
.0409
.8000
.0000
.4859
1100
0
3600
3020
0
950
44
560
152
0
1
0
2808
.0000 750707
.0000 5060
.2700 7
.OOCO ^5
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.2800
.0000
.0000
.2100
.0000
.0000
.0620
.5000
.0000
.0520
205
95
2440
3320
0
1700
8
460
15
0
0
2389
PSD

.0000 751103.
.0000 5080.
.4800 7.
.0000 41.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0900
.0000
.0000
.0500
.5000
.0000
.0020
.3600
.0000
.0020
225.
40.
2330.
2530.
0.
1625.
7.
600.
37.
26.
2520.
PSD
PSD

0000 760503.0000 761109.
0000 5100.0000 8600.
2800 6.9200 7.
0000 35.0000 46.
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0040
8000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0020
1000
0000
9162 •
84.0000
0.0000
1580.0000
1620.0000
0.0000
1000.0000
.0340
1.5000
400.0000
.0100
19.0000
.0013
.0170
0.0000
120.0000
1624.5623
135.
0.
2330.
2*14.
0.
1475.
4.
650.
30.
0.
22.
2316.
PSD
0000
0000
2300
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0160
0000
0000
0350
0000
0001
0006
0000
0000
0517
tSJ

-------
POHO D LEACHATE
UELL DESIG
DATE
REC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
S'JLFATE
ARSENIC
BOSON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741028.
5120.
7.
40.
210.
0.
1700.
1300.
180.
590.
4.
240.
29.
0.
0.
1073.
LU'D
0000
0000
6000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
40CO
0000
0100
0000
0002
0020
0000
0000
4172

741209
5140
8
200
6900
60
6500
5200
220
580
89
1500
76
0
0
9145
LKD
.0000
.OCOO
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0200
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0002
.0480
.0000
.0000
.0782
LWD
750211.0000
5160.0000
9.0000
160.0000
1400.0000
13.0000
5000.0000
4200.0000
0.0000
1200.0000
.0830
58.0000
1200.0000
.0150
66.0000
.0007
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
3924.1057
LWD
750217.0000
5180.0000
9.1000
140.0000
310.0000
15.0000
4300.0000
3700.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.1100
48.0000
990.0000
.0370
58.0000
.0035
.1000
0.0000
0.0000
1406.2505
LWO
750228.0000
5200.0000
9.0000
120.0000
560.0000
0.0000
3200.0000
3500.0000
34.0000
1200.0000
.0700
39.0000
1200.0000
.0280
84.0000
.0013
.0160
0.0000
0.0000
3083.1153
POND D LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
751103.
5280.
6.
31.
450.
36.
3500.
3400.
120.
1200.
31.
940.
79.
0.
14.
2714.
L'.JD
0000
0000
9000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0400
0000
0000
0100
0000
0002
0060
0000
0000
0562
760106
5300
9
68
260
180
2600
2800
220
1200
16
1000
26
6
8
2510
LWD
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.1700
.0000
.0000
.0700
.0000
.0004
.0040
.0000
.7000
.9444
LU'D
760301.0000
5340.0000
8.8000
48.0000
56.0000
62.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
23.0000
1100.0000
.4800
9.5000
1000.0000
.0750
18.0000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
11.0000
2195.0592
LWD
760503.0000
5320.0000
7.6000
23.0000
180.0000
40.0000
2500.0000
2600.0000
7.0000
1200.0000
.1200
8.3000
470.0000
.0100
14.0000
.0002
.0080
-0.0000
17.0000
1889.4382
LWD
760706.0000
5360.0000
7.4000
54.0000
190.0000
54.0000
2400.0000
3000.0000
2400.0000
1500.0000
.4800
13.0000
640.0000
.0210
29.0000
.0008
.0320
0.0000
22.0000
2394.5338
LWD
750428.0000
5220.0000
8.7000
120.0000
1500.0000
27.0000
4400.0000
4000.0000
20.0000
1600.0000
.1600
47.0000
1100.0000
.0300
140.0000
.0008
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
4387.1988

LWD
760909.0000
5380.0000
6.0000
11.0000
100.0000
32.0000
2100.0000
2600.0000
4200.0000
2100. COOO
.1700
7.4000
350.0000
.0220
20.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
85.0000
2662.5942
LWD
750707.0000
5240.0000
8.3000
110.0000
810.0000
20.0000
-•4600.0000
4500.0000
1400.0000
1100.0000
.0080
55.0000
940.0000
.1800
180.0000
.0075
.0480
0.0000
38.0000
3123.2435

LWD
761109.0000
7400.0000
4.6000
1.0000
100.0000
46.0000
2000.0000
2700.0000
10.0000
2300.0000
.4500
8.0000
640.0000
.0100
22.0000
.0002
.0130
0.0000
10.0000
3080.4732

750901.
5260.
7.
54.
680.
21.
4200.
4000.
100.
1700.
1.
54.
1200.
170.
0.
30.
3835.







LWO
0000
0000
7000
onno
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0210
0000
0002
0140
0000
0000
0352








-------
PONO D LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE 741028.
REC NO. 5420.
PH. 7.
ALKALINITY 0.
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
70S
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
ME3CUSY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
285.
75.
1600.
1210.
790.
425.
7.
150.
8.
0.
1.
0.
877.
LWD
AEROSPACE -
LWD

0000 750211.0000 750707
0000 5440.0000 5460
6200 8.9600 8
0000 53.0000 130
0000
OOCO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0040
8000
0000
0130
1000
0000
0066
3000
0000
2236
1300.0000
0.0000
5000.0000
3960.0000
0.0000
1425.0000
.0300
52.0000
960.0000
.2600
63.0000
0.0000
.0160
6.1000
0.0000
3806.4060
940
95
4270
4240
0
1600
58
900
18
0
3516
LU'O

.0000 751103.
.0000 5480.
.0800 4.
.0000 0.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.2100
.0000
.0000
.0500
.0000
.0002
.0550
.4000
.0000
.7152
490.
25.
570.
3370.
0.
1750.
32.
760.
99.
1.
14.
3146.
LWD
LWD

0000 760121.0000 760503
0000 5500.0000 5520
5900 7.7900 5
0000 1.0000 3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0120
0000
0000
0100
0000
0005
0060
0000
0000
0265
970.0000
50.0000
2740.0000
2970.0000
0.0000
1375.0000
.3400
1.3000
675.0000
.0100
37.0000
.0012
.0040
0.0000
17.0000
3075.6552.
240
0
2380
2560
0
1400
6
600
18
0
17
2282
LUD
LWD
.0000 761109.0000
.0000 8680.0000
.6500 2.6000
.0000 0.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.9050
.5000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0013
.0650
.0000
.0000
.4813
170.0000
0.0000
2670.0000
2436.0000
0.0000
1450.0000
.3200
8.8000
650.0000
.0250
14.0000
.0001
.0047
0.0000
10.0000
2303.1498

-------
01
POND D GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG GWD1
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740722.0000
5540.0000
7.1000
72.0000
20.0000
0.0000
220.0000
210.0000
2100.0000
16.0000
.0150
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
36.0172
740729
5560
6
110
50
0
420
260
100
22
27
11
0
0
110
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0080
.1000
.0000
.0790
.0000
.0010
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1900
POND D GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWD1
741209.0000
5700.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0050
.1000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
.1070
750211
5720
6
140
150
14
700
420
0
24
200
66
9
0
0
449
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.9000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0160
.1000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1232
GWD1
740805.0000
5580.0000
6.7000
140.0000
72.0000
0.0000
0.0000
330.0000
15.0000
14.0000
.0060
.1000
30.0000
.0490
11.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
127.1572

GWD1
750217.0000
5740.0000
6.7000
150.0000
100.0000
24.0000
660.0000
380.0000
0.0000
7.0000
.0050
.1000
38.0000
.0320
8.9000-
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
154.0392
GU'Dl
740903.0000
5600.0000
7.0000
140.0000
110.0000
0.0000
0.0000
410.0000
0.0000
12.0000
.0050
.1000
29.0000
0.0000
13.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
164.1072

GWD1
750224.0000
5760.0000
6.7000
140.0000
100.0000
16.0000
680.0000
380.0000
190.0000
9.0000
.0050
.1300
37.0000
.0900
16.0000
.0020
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
162.2290

741007.
5620.
6.
60.
89.
0.
0.
330.
64.
40.
18.
6.
0.
0.
153.

750428.
5780.
6.
150.
240.
14.
690.
410.
12.
38.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
278.
.G.WQL
0000
0000
8000
OOOQ_
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
JLPQS-
0000
0100
8000
0002_
0020
0000
0000
917?

GWD1
0000
0000
9000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1600
0000
0000
0000
0005
0020
0000
0000
1675
GWD1
741028.0000
5640.0000
6.9000
52.0000
170.0000
0.0000
670.0000
420.0000
6600.0000
85.0000
.0050
.1000
17.0000
.0100
.7.3000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
279.4172

GWD1
750708.0000
5800.0000
6.9000
140.0000
160.0000
22.0000
890.0000
740.0000
720.0000
74.0000
.0050
.2200
53.0000
.2600
22.0000
.0011
.0020
0.0000
110.0000
419.4881
GWD1
741104.0000
5660.0000
7.3000
100.0000
17.0000
0.0000
670.0000
510.0000
2200.0000
160.0000
.0050
.Z^OO
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
177.2570

GWD1
750901.0000
5820.0000
7.0000
140.0000
320.0000
3,3-0000
1400.0000
870.0000
340.0000
320.0000
.0050
.6000
99.0000
.0190
29.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
120.0000
868.6262

741111
5680
7
52
12
0
600
0
0
340
0
0
0
0
0
0
352

251101
5840
7
54
320
0
1200
800
170
130
160
61
0
160
831
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.6000
.CQOO
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
. moo
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1070

GWD1
.0000
.0000
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.2400
.0000
.3400
.0000
.0002
.0010
.0000
.0000
.5862

-------
POND D GROUND WELL 1
WELL DESIG GWD1
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
760315
5860
6
61
0
13
1300
810
490
20
160
29
0
190
399
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0700
.0000
.3400
.0000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.4222
POND 0 GROUND WELL 1 —
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741007
5960
7
76
170
£5
380
696
0
29
10
7
23
0
244
GKD1
.0000
.0000
.7000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.1000
.0000
.0500
.4000
.0010
.0020
70000
.0000
.5570
760503
5880
7
86
240
27
1100
650
400
40
40
15
0
140
475
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1300
.0000
.0120
.0000
.0002
.0040
.0000
.0000
.1512

760712
5900
7
110
350
34
1300
830
140
40
82
4
27
0
180
683
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1700
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1772

760914
5920
6
82
450
42
1500
1100
1300
110
77
33
0
18
6S8
GW01
.0000
.0000
.7000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1900
.0000
.1600
.0000
.0002
.0010
.0000
.0000
.3562












- AEROSPACE ---
741028
5980
7
0
210
0
660
324
1010
£9
20
11
0
270
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.4800
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0040
.2000
.0000
.0130
.2000
.0013
.0080
.1000
.0000
.5263
750211
6000
7
138
135
40
640
372
0
10
1
28
17
0
191
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.4900
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.0400
.0000
.0003
.0050
.6000
.0000
.6503
751103
6020
7
60
440
25
1
690
0
15
32
25
149
662
GWD1
.0000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0000
.0000
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0060
.9000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0003
.0040
.1000
.0000
.0203
760503.
6040.
7.
66.
500.
0.
1.
642.
0.
18.
56.
26.
0.
148.
748.
GU01
0000
0000
2700
0000
0000
0000
1000
0000
0000
0000
0130
5000
0000
0100
0000
0006
0520
0000
0000
5756

-------
POND E SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG PSE
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BOSOM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750211.0000
6060.0000
11.9000
410.0000
170.0000
6.0000
2600.0000
1300.0000
6.0000
220.0000
.0050
.1100
19.0000
.0100
.3000
.0008
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
409.4278
PSE
750428.0000
6030.0000
10.2000
34.0000
110.0000
9.0000
1600.0000
1200.0000
12.0000
390.0000
.0050
.3300
170.0000
.0360
1.0000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
0.0000
671.3742
PSE
750708.0000
6100.0000
7.5000
27.0000
100.0000
7.0000
2000.0000
1700.0000
19.0000
840.0000
.0100
.6600
260.0000
.0110
3.7000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
140.0000
1344.3832
PSE
750901.0000
6120.0000
7.9000
26.0000
83.0000
15.0000
2500.0000
2200.0000
46.0000
1400.0000
.0100
.8000
400.0000
.0170
•3.3000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
160.0000
•2072.1292

751103
6140
7
27
110
14
2600
2400
120
1100
360
4
0
190
1764
PSE
.0000
.0000
.9000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.2500
.0000
.1000
.1000
.0002
.0010
.0000
.0000
.4562

760106
6160
7
32
40
8
1200
1200
26
850
0
400
4
-0
56
1350
PSE
.0000
.0000
.6000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
,0000
.0000
.0100
.5000
.JLQ.QZ.
.0040
.0000
.0000
.5192

760301.
6180.
8.
22.
68.
14.
2300.
??00.
5.
1100.
500.
2.
-0.
170.
1840.
PSF
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
Z2J10_
0000
0100
1000
0002
0040
0000
0000
3392
PSE
760503.0000
6200.0000
7.6000
32.0000
42.0000
27.0000
2400.0000
?^00.0000
7.0000
1400.0000
.0050
.2900
410.0000
.0100
5.8000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
110.0000
1968.1072
POND E SUPERNATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
R£C NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
PSE
760706.0000
6220.0000
7.3000
36.0000
22.0000
13.0000
1300.0000
1300.0000
14.0000
770.0000
.0050
.5900
300.0000
.0410
3.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
38.0000
1133.6372
PSE
760914.0000
6240.0000
8.0000
39.0000
43.0000
33.0000
2200.0000
2700.0000
82.0000
2200.0000
.0050
1.2000
530.0000
.0320
4.9000
.0004
.0010
0.0000
59.0000
2838.1384
PSE
761109.0000
6260.0000
8.7000
22.0000
90.0000
14.0000
2000.0000
2400.0000
6.0000
1500.0000
.0020
.6900
660.0000
.0100
6.8000
.0002
.0030
0.0000
110.0000
2367.5052

















































-------
POND E SUPERHATE
WELL OESIG
DATE 750211
REC NO. 6320
PH 11
ALKALINITY 536
CHLORIDE
COO
CONO
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BC30N
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCL'RY
SELENIUM
GULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
365
CO
8900
1440
0
250
24
30
0
0
669
PSE
AEROSPACE ---
PSE
.0000 750707.
.0000 6340.
.7900 6.
.0000 28.
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0030
.0000
.0040
.4000
.0000
.0500
.0000
.0000
.0013
.2800
.0000
.7353
245.
SO.
1660.
1720.
0.
1000.
260.
3.
190.
1699.
0000 751103.
0000 6360.
9500 7.
0000 74.
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0040
7000
0000
0500
3000
0001
0190
1800
0000
2531
170.
10.
2330.
2380.
0.
1375.
80.
5.
195.
1826.
PSE

0000 760503
0000 6330
2100 6
0000 32
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0060
8000
0000
0200
0000
0002
0160
4000
0000
2422
110
0
2270
2310
0
1400
1
450
7
0
114
2082
PSE

.0000 761109
.0000 8860
.8600 7
.0000 20
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0230
.5000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0007
.0430
.0000
.0000
.5767
175
0
2370
2364
0
1425
2
500
5
0
102
2209
PSE
.0000
.0000
.1100
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0160
.0000
.0000
.0350
.0000
.0001
.0006
.0000
.0000
.0517
OO

-------
vO
POND E LEACHATE
WELL DESI6 LUE
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COHD
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750311.0000
6400.0000
7.9000
120.0000
1000.0000
56.0000
4000.0000
2400.0000
0.0000
300.0000
.0270
.6600
98.0000
.0480
5.1000
.0005
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
1403.6575
LWE
750428.0000
6420.0000
11.1000
490.0000
0.0000
320.0000
0.0000
3400.0000
14.0000
670.0000
.1400
.1400
13.0000
.0200
.5000
.0013
.0460
0.0000
0.0000
683.8473

750707.
6440.
11.
700.
650.
180.
4600.
2900.
9300.
370.
83.
23.
0.
750.
1876.
LWE
0000
0000
2000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
1100
1000
0000
0550
0000
0033
0020
0000
0000
2703
LWE
750901.0000
6460.0000
10.7000
550.0000
25.0000
150.0000
4000.0000
2700.0000
7600.0000
1100.0000
.0550
.8000
83.0000
.1400
13.0000
.0012
.0170
0.0000
610.0000
1832.0132

751103
6460
10
3«0
320
240
3700
2700
14
850
14
0
630
1814
LWE
.0000
.0000
.5000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0960
.3500
.0000
.0100
.2000
.0003
.0060
.0000
.0000
.6628
LUIE
760106.0000
7220.0000
9.5000
190.0000
370.0000
110.0000
3300.0000
2700.0000
980.0000
1300.0000
.0550
3.0000
49.0000
.6100
3.5000
.0047
.0080
0.0000
0.0000
1726.1777
LWE
760301. OOOC
7240.0000
9.9000
110.0000
490.0000
0.0000
3700.0000
2600.0000
92.0000
1100.0000
.0650
.3000
28.0000
.0620
.9000
.0014
.0100
0.0000
0.0000
1619.3384

760503.
7260.
8.
110.
420.
110.
3800.
2400.
1200.
100.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
520.
LWE
0000
0000
2000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0500
0000
0000
0000
00?8
0040
0000
0000
0568
POND E LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
bULt-116
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
LWE
760706.0000
6520.0000
7.6000
60.0000
350.0000
55.0000
3400.0000
2900.0000
150.0000
1000.0000
.0300
.5500
100.0000
.0130
11.0000
.0002
.0080
0.0000
610.0000
2071.6012
LWE
761109.0000
6540.0000
7.3000
64.0000
260.0000
25.0000
3300.0000
3800.0000
83.0000
3700.0000
.0170
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
.0004
0.0000
0.0000
140.0000
4100.0174























































-------
POND E LEACHATE
WELL DESIG
DATE 750319
REC NO. 6600
PH 8
ALKALINITY 162
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
IDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BGROM
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
1850
90
3900
2720
0
250
1
15
30
970
3116
LU'E
AEROSPACE ---
LWE
.0000 750707
.0000 6620
.6200 10
.0000 568
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0100
.6000
.0000
.1300
.0000
.0005
.0120
.2000
.0000
.9525
740
245
4160
3200
0
600
20
970
2531
.0000 751103
.0000 6640
.9600 9
.0000 253
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0300
.6000
'.0000
.0500
.5000
.0003
.0430
.3000
.0000
.5733
490
115
4000
2690
0
900
20
0
36
580
2028
LWE

.0000 760121
.0000 6660
.7400 8
.0000 79
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0140
.6000
.0000
.0100
.0000
.0009
.0180
.0000
.0000
.6429
520
60
3330
2640
0
1075
30
0
540
2165
LWE

.0000 761109
.0000 8740
.1000 7
.0000 71
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0760
.5000
.0000
.0100
.4000
.0007
.0050
.0000
.0000
.9917
370
0
4180
3750
0
1950
1
340
22
0
560
3243
LUE
.0000
.0000
.5400
.4000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0320
.8000
.0000
.0350
.0000
.0001
.0013
.0000
.0000
.8684

-------
(Jl
POND E GROUND WELL 1
WELL OESIG GWE1
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
CONO
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750211.
6680.
6.
320.
55.
25.
680.
420.
0.
36.
32.
9.
0.
0.
132.
0000
0000
8000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
2400
0000
0250
4000
0002
0020
0000
0000
6722
POND E GROUND WELL 1---
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
5ULH 1 t
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
750211.
6840.
7.
223.
115.
50.
640.
416.
0.
28.
32.
15.
0.
190.
GWE1
0000
0000
3400
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
10.00
0000
6s 00
0000
0003
0050
3000
0000
4503
GWE1
750428.0000
6700.0000
7.0000
220.0000
36.0000
10.0000
630.0000
390.0000
90.0000
37.0000
.0050
.1000
26.0000
.0220
9.8000
.0040
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
108.9330
AEROSPACE -
GWE1
750707.0000
6860.0000
7.2500
217.0000
71.0000
0.0000
550.0000
440.0000
0.0000
70.0000
.0040
.2000
13.0000
.0500
11.7000
.0004
.0005
.6400
0.0000
166.5949
GWE1
750708.0000
6720.0000
7.0000
230.0000
55.0000
9.0000
660.0000
560.0000
4600.0000
86.0000
.0050
.1400
49.0000
.5100
19.0000
.0013
.0030
0.0000
92.0000
301.6593

GWE1
751103.0000
68SO.OOOO
7.3700
177.0000
72.0000
10.0000
2440.0000
330.0000
0.0000
55.0000
.0100
.7000
8.0000
.0200
12.0000
.0003
.0020
. 3000
99.0000
247.0323

750901.
6740.
7.
200.
40.
9.
580.
580.
24000.
460.
65.
26.
0.
89.
700.

760503.
6900.
7.
0.
62.
0.
560.
364.
0.
80.
0.
1.
42.
10.
0.
0.
0.
83.
278.
GWE1
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
ooco
0000
0000
0050
£000
0000
£500
0000
0002
0020
oooo
0000
4572

GWE1
0000
0000
7800
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0100
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0100
GWE1
751103.0000
6760.0000
7.2000
210.0000
85.0000
47.0000
640.0000
410.0000
0.0000
67.0000
.0050
.1800
16.0000
.6000
98.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
120.0000
386.7862








760503
6780
7
150
36
19
640
420
140
150
65
7
0
78
338







GWE1
.0000
.0000
.3000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
..£.000
.0000
.0000
.0150
.0300
.0000
.1400
.7000
i5002_
.0060
.0000
.0000
.8912








760712
6800
7
	 U.Q.
41
9
470
370
1600
77
39
24
9
0
79
270







GWE1
.0000
.0000
.6000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.0000
.0000
.4600
.6000
.0002
.0010
.0000
.0000
.2662








-------
ISJ
PCND E GROUND WELL 2
WELL DESIG GKE2
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COO
COND
TOS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
740805.0000
6920.0000
7.0000
110.0000
50.0000
0.0000
0.0000
400. 0000
5400.0000
48.0000
.0230
.1000
31.0000
.0950
24.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
153.C202
C-WE2
740903.0000
6940.0000
7.2000
94.0000
28.0000
0.0000
0.0000
220.0000
0.0000
26.0000
.0050
.1000
22.0000
.0160
5.6000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
81.7232
GWE2
741007.0000
6960.0000
7.2000
170.0000
66.0000
0.0000
0.0000
370.0000
160.0000
40.0000
.0050
.1000
23.0000
.0100
8.3000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
137.4172

741028
6980
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GWE2
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0020
.0000
.0000
.1070
POND E GROUND WELL Z
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULUTE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWE2
750901.0000
7060.0000
7.0000
120.0000
32.0000
37.0000
480.0000
340.0000
29000.0000
150.0000
.0150
.8000
71.0000
.0850
11.0000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
264.9022
GWE2
760503.0000
7080.0000
7.3000
200.0000
28.0000
0.0000
640.0000
430.0000
550.0000
100.0000
.0050
.1000
55.0000
.0210
8.8000
.0002
.0040
0.0000
-0.0000
191.9302
GWE2
760712.0000
7100.0000
7.8000
250.0000
38.0000
37.0000
570.0000
390.0000
150.0000
15.0000
.0050
.3800
46.0000
.1700
8.4000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
0.0000
107.9562












GUE2
741104.0000
7000.0000
7.0000
100.0000
29.0000
0.0000
490.0000
320.0000
190.0000
69.0000
.0050
.1000
35.0000
.0100
8.8000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
141.9172








750211
7020
6
230
63
860
1000
460
0
52
72
12
0
0
200







GWE2
.0000
.0000
.9000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.5000
.0000
.8900
.0000
.0005
.0020
.0000
.0000
.3975







GWE2
750428.0000
7200.0000
6.8000
160.0000
46.0000
31.0000
590.0000
350.0000
25.0000
50.0000
.0050
.1500
34.0000
.0100
8.5000
.0002
.0020
0.0000
0.0000
138.6672








750708
7040
6
150
52
120
600
480
7500
89
62
16
0
-0
219







GWE2
.0000
.0000
.8000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0000
.0050
.1800
.0000
.2500
.0000
.0002
.0020
.0000
.0000
.4372








-------
POND E GROUND WELL 2 	
WELL DESIG GWE2
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MEPCU3Y
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
741028.0000
7120.0000
8.3600
181.0000
64.0000
50.0000
610.0000
384.0000
0.0000
37.0000
.0050
.3.000
20.0000
.0300
15.0000
0.0000
.0040
.3000
79.0000
235.6390
AEROSPACE
GWE2
750428.0000
7140.0000
7.6300
0.0000
125.0000
0.0000
640.0000
544.0000
0.0000
56.0000
.0050
.6000
20.0000
.0900
12.0000
0.0000
.0030
.7000
0.0000
214.39SO
GWE2
750708.0000
7160.0000
6.8900
176.0000
64.0000
15.0000
500.0000
400.0000
0.0000
110.0000
.0040
.2000
37.0000
.0500
7.5000
0.0000
.0010
.4400
0.0000
219.1950
GWE2
760503.0000
7180.0000
7.5100
0.0000
62.0000
0.0000
620.0000
522.0000
0.0000
110.0000
0.0000
1.0000
63.0000
.0100
11.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
62.0000
309.0100

-------
Ln
POND G GROUND WELL Z
WELL DESIG GWG2
DATE
REC NO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TS3
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
760720.0000
7300.0000
7.2000
160.0000
140.0000
42.0000
730.0000
470.0000
64.0000
68.0000
.0050
.1400
71.0000
.0850
17.0000
.0002
.00£0
0.0000
71.0000
367.2322
POND G GROUND WELL 2---
WELL DESIG
DATE
REC NO.
FH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
GWG2
761115.0000
3960.0000
7.3700
30.0000
92.0000
0.0000
680.0000
446.0000
0.0000
240.0000
.0010
1.6000
46.0000
.0300
17.5000
.0001
.0006
0.0000
80.0000
479.1317
GWG2
760914.0000
7340.0000
6.7000
94.0000
120.0000
12.0000
760.0000
550.0000
920.000.0
200.0000
.0050
.2200
58.0000
.0340
5.7000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
86.0000
469.9602
AEROSPACE -






GW52
761115.0000
7420.0000
6.3000
34.0000
45.0000
0.0000
630.9000
530.0000
590.0000
280.0000
.0020
.2400
50.0000
.0500
22.0000
.0007
.0010
0.0000
88.0000
485.2937
•







-------
POND H GROUND WELL
WELL DESIG
DATE
PEC HO.
PH
ALKALINITY
CHLORIDE
COD
COND
TDS
TSS
SULFATE
ARSENIC
BORON
CALCIUM
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
MERCURY
SELENIUM
SULFITE
SODIUM
TOTAL ELEM
760720.
7320.
7.
eo.
13.
45.
680.
400.
130.
10.
65.
18.
0.
63.
189.
Z
GWH2
0000
0000
1000
COOO
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0050
1200
0000
0430
0000
0003
0010
0000
0000
1693
GWH2
760914.0000
7360.0000
7.1000
170.0000
93.0000
30.0000
590.0000
400.0000
71.0000
39.0000
.0050
.1400
72.0000
.0480
22.0000
.0002
.0010
0.0000
4.5000
235.6942
Ul

-------
                           APPENDIX C
     ASSESSMENT OF THE CHEMICAL POLLUTION POTENTIAL
              ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY ALTERNATIVE
                        DISPOSAL METHODS
            Pollution of groundwater by the action of rainwater percolating
through flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludge is a genuine concern in the
disposal of this material.  Laboratory experimentation has shown that rela-
tively high concentrations of dissolved chemical species in the liquor from
untreated sludges persist in the leachate until at least 5 pore volume dis-
placements  (PVD) have passed through the sludge.  Thereafter, the concen-
tration depends on the solubility of the chemical phases in the sludge solids.
The rate at  which rainwater passes through  FGD wastes has been measured
in the range of 10~^ cm/sec,  equivalent to soils of silty sand.  The pollu-
tion of groundwater,  determined by mass loading (mass/unit area) is
calculated from the amount of pollutant that  is carried by the leaching
water to the groundwater.

            The potential pollution that is possible from sludge when
treated by any of several processors can be reduced by several orders of
magnitude.  Such an improvement has resulted from the (1) reduction of
available chemical species  (lower solubility) in the treated sludge, (2)
reduction of standing rainwater by promoting runoff, and  (3) reduction in
the rate of water permeation through chemically treated material (lower
permeability). In nearly every case,  the eventual pollutant concentration
of the leachate was less than one half that of the leachate from untreated
sludge under similar conditions of FGD waste placement and disposal site,
management.   Additionally,  the runoff from treated waste can be more
easily maximized, making less than 1/10 of the rainfall available for
seepage.  Since the permeation coefficient of treated waste is typically
reduced by at least an order of magnitude, the mass loading per year to
the groundwater may be reduced by a  factor of  10 to  10, 000. Thus, the
real pollution measured by  mass loading can be reduced by large amounts.

            The consequence of much lower  permeability rates of chemically
treated sludge is that many years will pass before 5 PVD in the sludge will
reduce the leachate concentration to the level of the soluble salts.  There-
fore, while  the pollution of  groundwater by untreated  sludge can be severe
for a short period of  time and low thereafter, the pollution input caused by
                                 157

-------
chemically treated sludge, at any given time,  is never severe but will be
sustained for much longer periods of time.  The latter case is more con-
sonant with nature, which weathers natural deposits slowly but constantly.
However, since the high concentration of the leachate is not quickly flushed
from treated FGD wastes, the potential exists that a later unexpected
event could result in the release of soluble chemical constituents with the
possible consequences of environment pollution.  Such an event might be the
result of a subsequent land use which requires extensive digging into the
FGD sludge.   Therefore, long-term land-use planning will be necessary.

           An evaluation of the amount of chemical pollutants that are
available to the environment by leaching can be determined from the results
of the leaching data summarized in Figure C-l and the permeability data
summarized in a previous report.*  An evaluation was made for an FGD
waste containing 600 mg/i dissolved solids in the mother liquor and disposed
of by each of the alternative techniques discussed in Section 9. 3.   The
evaluation was made on the assumption that the leachate quality would
respond according to the presentation in Figure C-l,  and that the rate of
passage of the leachate through the sludge would be 10 ~4 cm/sec for un-
treated sludge and 10 ~5  cm/sec for treated sludge.  The waste was placed
to a depth of 30 feet during a 5-year fill period.  In the cases where the
method of disposal was undrained ponding,  it was assumed that a maximum
hydraulic head of 6 feet was used during filling and a 1-foot head,  there-
after,  when retired as a lake.
       o >
        X Q.
        o
        o
           0.1
           0.01
                                             I
                      10      20       30      40
                             PORE VOLUME DISPLACEMENTS
                                  50
60
    Figure C-l.
Leachate TDS from treated and untreated sludges
as a function of PVD.
   J.  Rossoff,  et al. ,  Disposal of By-Products from Nonregenerable Flue
   Gas Desulfurization Systems:  Second Progress Report, EPA-600/7-77-
   052,  U. S.  Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
   North Carolina (May 1977).
                                 158

-------
            The results of this evaluation are presented in Figure C-2 for
cases described in Table C-l.  Cases 1 and 2 represent the ponding tech-
nique of disposal in which the final disposition of the pond is a lake.  Case
1 is for untreated FGD waste,  and Case 2 is for treated waste.  Cases 3
and 4 represent pond disposal of untreated and treated waste, respectively,
in which supernate is not allowed on the surface of the pond during filling
and the disposal site is retired by grading with the landscape.  In these
cases, the amount of water recharged to the basin represents a normal
                                            CASE 1
             o
             en
            l/l
            O
o
to
o
UJ

O
i/l
O

*f
o
                       A END OF 5th PORE VOLUME
               0.01
               0.001
                      20   40    60   80   100   120   140   1300
                                 YEARS
    Figure C-2.   Mass loading of TDS to subsoil for various
                 disposal modes of treated and untreated FGC wastes.

recharge for indigenous soil.  Case 5 is  the condition in which treated
FGD waste is disposed of in a managed landfill where only 10 percent
of the normal recharge is  allowed to penetrate the waste because runoff
has been maximized.  Figure C-2 plots the total dissolved solids (TDS)
that are expected to reach the disposal site subsoil per year as a function
of time.  Also plotted on each curve is an indication of the point in time
at which the flushing action of the leachate reaches 5 PVD.

           -This  evaluation shows that,  depending on the disposal method
selected,  the mass loading of pollutants to the groundwater can be reduced
by as much as two orders  of magnitude.  Moreover,  the significance of
disposal site management  as a means of preventing chemical pollution to
the environment is clearly shown.  Although chemical treatment reduced
                                 159

-------
the pollutant load under each condition considered,  the larger reduction
in pollution load was a consequence of minimizing rainwater recharge to
the subsoil of the disposal basin.  This evaluation places in perspective
the value of chemical treatment and site management with  respect to the
environmental acceptability of FGD waste disposal.
                                 160

-------
                 TABLE C-l.  INPUT DATA FOR STUDY CASES
Case
1

2

3
4
5
Disposal
Method
Lake

Lake

Pond
Pond
Landfill
Surface
Water
Constant
supernate
Constant
supernate
10 in/yr
recharge
10 in/yr
recharge
1 in/yr
recharge
FGC Waste, 5-Year Fill
Waste
Condition
Untreated

Treated

Untreated
Treated
Treated
Depth
ft
30

30

30
30
30
Permeability,
cm/sec'3
io-4

io-5

io-4
io-5
io-5
Fractional
Pore
Volume
0. 67

0. 67

0.67
0. 67
0.67
Assumed maximum hydraulic head of 6 ft during filling, including depth of wastes;
1-ft constant water cover thereafter.

For all cases,  subsoil permeability =  10   cm/sec.

-------
                           APPENDIX D
    METHODS USED TO DETERMINE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL
                CHARACTERISTICS OF FGD SLUDGES
D. 1        METHODS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS USED
           BY AEROSPACE

           This section describes the analytical techniques used by The
Aerospace Corporation to determine the concentrations of constituents in
the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludges and pond water samples.
(The methods used by TVA are given in previous publications. )*  The con-
stituents present in the liquors and water samples are divided into the
following:  major chemical species (calcium, sulfate, and chloride), trace
metal species, and additional chemical species.  Other water quality tests
are also described.

           Consideration was given to the range of concentration of the
constituents and to the corresponding  costs of the analyses to obtain data
having high precision and high accuracy.t

D. 1. 1      Major Chemical Species

D. 1. 1. 1   Calcium Determination

           Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is presently used for
calcium analyses.  Results for solutions analyzed by this method were in
   Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes,  Second Edition,
   Methods Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory,
   National Energy Research Center,  Cincinnati, Ohio (1974).

   Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,
   Thirteenth Edition, American Public Health Association, New
   York.


   Precision  is defined as the relationship between a measured value and
   the  statistical mean of measured values,  and  accuracy is the relation-
   ship between the true  value and the mean measured value.
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agreement with those obtained by an oxalate titrimetric method to within
10 percent.

D. 1. 1. 2    Sulfate Determination

            Standard nephelometry techniques were used for this analysis.
A barium sulfate precipitate was formed by the reaction of the sulfate ion
with a barium chloranilate reagent.  The resulting turbidity was  determined
by a spectrophotometer and compared to a curve prepared from  standard
sulfate  solutions.  Although multiple dilutions are necessary to bring the
concentration to a range of optimum reliability,  the error is less than 10
percent.

D. 1. 1. 3    Chloride Determination

            A specific ion electrode was used to determine the concen-
tration  of chloride ions.  This method has a precision of about 1  percent
and an accuracy of about  5 percent.  Comparisons were made with results
of titrations with silver nitrate.   The chloride concentrations,  measured
with the electrode (1000 to 5000 ppm),  in each case differed from the
corresponding titration data by less than 5 percent.

D. 1. 2      Trace Metal Species

            Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for analyses
of the following elements: aluminum, antimony,  arsenic,  cadmium, chrom-
ium,  copper,  cobalt, iron, manganese, mercury, molybdenum,  nickel,
lead, selenium, silicon,  silver,  tin, vanadium,  and zinc.  Results were
verified by analyzing National Bureau of Standards (NBS) standards.  Pre-
cision and accuracy are dependent upon the means of activation,  the
specific element,  its relative concentration, and the  extent of interference
by other elements and matrix effects.  The precision and accuracy of the
measurements of  concentrations of all elements that  exceed water quality
reuse criteria ranged between 5  and 20 percent.  However,  the precision,
with furnace activation, of trace metals occurring at very low levels is
probably no better than 50 percent.

            Mercury was also determined using  this technique; however,
the mercury was reduced to the elemental state with  stannous chloride,
and the absorption of the  resulting mercury vapor was measured.  This
method has a  precision of about 20 percent and an accuracy of about 50
percent.

D. 1. 3      Additional Chemical  Species

D. 1. 3.  1    Sodium Determination

            Atomic absorption spectrophotometry or  flame photometry
were used to determine sodium ion concentrations, depending on whether
the concentrations were relatively low or high.  Errors are typically less
than 10 percent.
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D. 1. 3. 2    Sulfite Determination

            Total sulfite was  determined using a specific ion electrode,  and
no significant interferences were observed.  The oxidation of the  sulfite ion
to sulfate is a very rapid reaction.  Scrubber liquor protected from the
atmosphere typically shows sulfite concentrations of several hundred milli-
grams per liter; however, a brief atmospheric exposure causes oxidation
and reduces these concentrations by one or more orders of magnitude.
The reported sulfite measurements were for samples analyzed immediately
upon arrival in the laboratory.  No  specific action was taken to inhibit oxi-
dation other than to ensure that the  samples were transported to the ana-
lytical laboratory in sealed containers.   The exposure to air during samp-
ling, filtering, and measuring,  however,  resulted in the reduced  sulfite
concentrations reported.

D. 1. 3. 3    Phosphate Determination

            The phosphate analysis  was determined by spectrophotometry
methods, using  ammonium molybdate to form the molybdenum blue com-
plex.

D. 1. 3. 4    Nitrogen Determination

            Total nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl method, which
reduces  all nitrogen to ammonia with  sodium thiosul/fate. The ammonia
was then distilled and  the amount determined by titration. This method
has a precision  of about 10 percent, and accuracy at the levels of the con-
centrations determined is  about 25 percent.

D. 1. 3. 5    Fluoride Determination

            The fluoride ion was determined by the specific ion electrode
using a  Beckman Model 4500 digital pH  meter. There were no significant
interferences.   This method has a precision of about 5 percent; and accu-
racy of  20 percent is attainable at the low levels measured.

D. 1. 3. 6    Boron Determination
            Boron was determined spectrophotometrically with the Hach
DR2 using the Carmine method.

D. 1. 3. 7    Magnesium Determination

            Magnesium was determined by atomic absorption spectro-
photometry  in the same manner as were the trace metals.

D. 1.4      Other Water Quality Tests

D. 1. 4. 1    Chemical Oxygen Demand

            Chemical oxygen demand was  determined by reacting the
organics and sulfites present with potassium dichromate and measuring
                                165

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the reduced chromium by spectrophotometry.  While a precision of 25
percent is attainable,  accuracy depends on the same history (i. e. ,  degree
of exposure to atmospheric oxygen) and is about 100 percent for routine
analysis.

D. 1.4. 2    Total Alkalinity

            Total alkalinity was determined by titrating a 25-milliliter
sample with standard  acid to a pH of 4. 0.  Total alkalinity is expressed as
milligrams per liter calcium carbonate, but is actually a determination of
the buffering capacity of the liquor due to a number of weak acid species
(i. e.,  carbonate, sulfite,  bo rate,  arsenite,  selenite,  and silicate).  Pre-
cision is about 5 percent,  and accuracy is estimated to be about 25 per-
cent.

D. 1.4. 3    Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Determination

            The TDS were determined gravimetrically by evaporating a
25-milliliter sample overnight in a tared weighing bottle at 200  C.  The
precision is about 2 percent, and the accuracy is  about 5 percent.

D. 1. 4. 4    Total Conductance Determination

            This measurement, which was made with a General Radio
Impedance Bridge Type 1650A, gave an estimate of the total ionic species
in the sample.  Precision is about 1 percent, and accuracy is estimated
to be about 2 percent.

D. 1. 4. 5    pH Determination

            This parameter was measured with a  Beckman Model 4500
digital pH meter to a precision of 0. 005  pH units and an accuracy of 0. 01
pH units.

D. 1. 5      Analytical Methods Applicable to Sludge Solids

            Sludge solids were analyzed for  calcium,  sulfate,  sulfite,
and carbonate in addition to total solids and inert  material (fly ash). -

            Total calcium was determined by atomic absorption spectro-
photometry after the sample had been dissolved in hydrochloric acid.

            Sulfate was  determined gravimetrically, taking a 1/4 gram
sample which was dissolved in hydrochloric  acid.  The solution was
filtered, and barium chloride was added to the hot filtrate to precipitate
barium sulfate.  This was filtered off through a tared Gooch crucible
with a glass filter pad.  It was then dried and ignited at 800 C, cooled,
and weighed.

            Sulfite was determined volumetrically.  A 0. 5-gram sample
was carefully acidified, using phenolphthalein indicator,  then titrated
directly with standard iodine using starch indicator.
                                  166

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            Carbonate was determined by a gravimetric method, after
evolution as CO^, along with SO2,  by acidifying a 0. 5-gram sample in a
tared flask.  The flask was warmed gently to expel all gases,  cooled,  and
weighed.  The weight decrease represents CO^ + SC>2 and must be corrected
for the SO? content determined by iodometric titration.

D. 2        TESTING METHODS USED TO DETERMINE
            PHYSICAL. CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATED SLUDGE

            Rectangular parallelepiped samples were cut  from the interior
of the treated sludge cores for  density,  water content, and compressive
strength measurements.  Typically,  the samples were about 1 sq in. in
cross-sectional area and about 2 inches in height.   After  measurement of
dimensions, the  samples were  weighed  and placed in a vacuum oven at
approximately 80 C for drying  to constant weight.   Compressive strengths
were measured on the unconfined samples, both in  the as-received con-
dition of the cores and  after  drying,  using an Instron testing machine to
apply a compressive load at  a  constant rate of 0. 02 in. /min.  The applied
loads were  recorded continuously until structural failures were observed.

            Constant head permeability  tests  and leaching tests were made
on monolithic samples  of 4 to 6 inches in height.  Five-inch diameter
sections of  treated sludge taken from the coring tube were sealed with
silicone  elastomer in plastic tubes.  After addition of a 6-inch column of
water above the sludge, the tubes were  pressurized with nitrogen to 5 psi
to accelerate the tests.  The rate of  permeation was measured and con-
verted to permeability  coefficients, and leachate samples were  collected
periodically.  The pH and TDS were  measured  immediately,  and analyses
for the major constituents were made according to  the procedures des-
cribed under chemical  analyses.
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                                TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
                          (Please read I>;iinn'iions on the reverse belttre completing,1
I  REPORT NC.
  EPA-600/7-78-024
                                                      3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
J. TITLi AMO SUBTITLE
 Disposal  of Flue Gas Cleaning Wastes: EPA Shawnee
 Field Evaluation--Second Annual Report
                              5. REPORT DATE
                               February 1978
                              6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHORIS)
 R.B. Fling, W.M. Graven,  P.P.Leo, and J. Rossoff
                                                      8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
                                                       ATR-77(7297-01)-2
9. PERFORMING OR9ANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
 The Aerospace Corporation
 Environment and Energy Conservation Division
 P.O. Box 92957
 Los Angeles . California 90009	
                                                      10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
                              EHE624A
                              11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.

                              68-02-1010
12. SPONSORING AGENCV NAME AND ADDRESS
 EPA, Office of Research and Development
 Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
 Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
                              13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
                              Annual: 9/74-10/76
                              11. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
                               EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES jERL-RTP project officer is Julian W. Jones, Mail Drop 61, 919/
541-248?. EPA-600/2-76-070 was the initial report in this series.
 16. ABSTRACT
          The report describes progress made during the first two years of a field
 evaluation of treated and untreated ponding techniques for the disposal of power plant
 flue gas desulfurization sludges.  The evaluation utilized two 10 MW lime and lime-
 stone flue gas scrubbers of TVA's Shawnee  Power Station, Paducah, Kentucky.
 Results  indicate that the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS)  in the leachate
 of treated ponds was maximum immediately after filling, or within a few months,
 and was approximately half that of the input liquors.  Leachate from untreated ponds
 was similar, except that the maximum was  approximately the same as the  TDS of
 the input liquor. After 2 years . TDS in the leachates of all ponds are  between 33%
 and 50% of that  of their respective input liquors.  Leachates from the evaluation
 ponds exhibit decreasing concentrations of chloride ion, and the TDS have stabilized
 at approximately gypsum saturation.  Trace  elements exhibited little change.  Chemi-
 cally treated sludges continue to exhibit good  landfill strength and generally reduce
 the mass release of sludge constituents to the subsoil by at  least 2 orders of magni-
 tude.
                             KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
                DESCRIPTORS
                                          b.lOENTIFlERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
                                                                   c. COSATI l-'icld/Croup
 Pollution
 Sludge Disposal
 Flue Gases
 Desulfurization
 Ponds
 Electric Power Plants
Calcium Oxides
Limestone
Scrubbers
Leaching .
Earth Fills
Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
13B
07A
21B
07D
08H
10B
07B
08G
                                   13C
13. DISTRIBUTION STATEMtNT

 Unlimited
                  19. SECURITY CLASS lThis Report)
                  Unclassified
                        21. NO. OF PAGES
                           184
                                          20. SECURITY CLASS (This
                                           Unclassified
                                                                   22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
                                       169

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