U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Industrial Environmental Research FPA-fiflO/7-77-11fi
Office of Research and Development Laboratory ' ' ' '' J' ' J
Research Triangle Park. North Carolina 27711 October 1977
CENTURY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
FRP-100 WET SCRUBBER
EVALUATION
Interagency
Energy-Environment
Research and Development
Program Report
z
z
7_
-------
RESEARCH REPORTING SERIES
Research reports of the Office of Research and Development, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, have been grouped into seven series.
These seven broad categories were established to facilitate further
development and application of environmental technology. Elimination
of traditional grouping was consciously planned to foster technology
transfer and a maximum interface in related fields. The seven series
are:
1. Environmental Health Effects Research
2. Environmental Protection Technology
3. Ecological Research
4. Environmental Monitoring
5. Socioeconomic Environmental Studies
6. Scientific and Technical Assessment Reports (STAR)
7. Interagency Energy-Environment Research and Development
This report has been assigned to the INTERAGENCY ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT series. Reports in this series result from
the effort funded under the 17-agency Federal Energy/Environment
Research and Development Program. These studies relate to EPA's
mission to protect the public health and welfare from adverse effects
of pollutants associated with energy systems. The goal of the Program
is to assure the rapid development of domestic energy supplies in an
environmentally—compatible manner by providing the necessary
environmental data and control technology. Investigations include
analyses of the transport of energy-related pollutants and their health
and ecological effects; assessments of, and development of, control
technologies for energy systems; and integrated assessments of a wide
range of energy-related environmental issues.
REVIEW NOTICE
This report has been reviewed by the participating Federal
Agencies, and approved for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the Government, nor does mention of trade names
or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommen-
dation for use.
This document is available to the public through the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
-------
EPA-600/7-77-116
October 1977
CENTURY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
FRP-100 WET SCRUBBER EVALUATION
by
D.S. Ensor and R.G. Hooper
Meteorology Research, Inc.
Box 637
Altadena, California 91001
Contract No 68-02-2125
Program Element No. EHE624
EPA Project Officer Dale L. Harmon
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Office of Energy, Minerals, and Industry
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27711
Prepared for
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Office of Research and Development
Washington. D.C. 20460
-------
ABSTRACT
The performance of the Century Industrial Products FRP-100 wet
scrubber installed on a lightweight aggregate kiln was evaluated with a field
test. Inlet-outlet tests for particle-size distribution with cascade impactors
and extractive sampling with an electrical aerosol size analyzer, and plume
opacity with a plant process visiometer were conducted. The scrubber,
operating at 80 percent of the rated capacity, had an aerodynamic cut diameter
(50 percent collection efficiency) of 0. 8 microns at a theoretical hydraulic
power of 15. 8 watts/am /min (0. 6 hp/1000 acfm). The liquid-to-gas ratio
was about 2. 16 1/m3 (16 gal/1000 acf).
The formation of submicron aerosol from the evaporation in the gas
cooling section of water containing dissolved solids was observed during all
tests. Also, the carryover of spray from the scrubber (there was no mist
eliminator) was observed at flow rates greater than 23. 7 m /sec (50, 000
acfm).
111
-------
Section
Abstract
CONTENTS
1
2
INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND SCRUBBER
SITE DESCRIPTION
SCRUBBER DESCRIPTION
General Description
Configuration of Scrubber at Site
FIELD TEST
TEST PLAN
General
Schedule
GAS MEASUREMENT
SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT
Cascade Impactor
Submicron Particles
OPACITY MEASUREMENT
FIELD TEST RESULTS
CALCULATION OF SCRUBBER PERFORMANCE
PROCESS FLOWS AND POWER REQUIRED
Gas Flows
Gas Composition Measurements
Water Flows
Power Requirements
PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY
Size Distribution
Penetration
Particle Generation
SCRUBBER PERFORMANCE
Calculation of Aerodynamic Cut Diameter
Comparison to Other Scrubber Types
OPACITY
References
Appendices
A
B
Manufacturer's Description of Scrubber
Estimation of Capital and Installation Costs for
FRP-100 Scrubber
Test Data
3
3
3
3
4
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
9
14
17
17
17
17
19
19
19
19
19
23
31
31
31
33
33
38
39
41
42
iv
-------
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
The Century Industrial Products FRP-100 wet scrubber was evalu-
ated with field measurements of collection efficiency and analysis of power
consumption. The scrubber is a horizontal s'pray chamber with a low pres-
sure drop on the gas side. Most of the scrubbing power is introduced
through the water side by pressure drop through spray nozzles.
The scope of the study was limited to the field test of a single unit.
The following tests were conducted:
• Cascade impactor tests at the inlet and outlet
• Extractive sampling and measurement of sub-
micron particles with a ThermoSystems, Inc.,
Electrical Aerosol Size Analyzer (EASA) at
the inlet and outlet
• Opacity measurement with a Meteorology Re-
search, Inc. Plant Process Visiometer (PPV)
at the inlet and outlet
The energy use of this scrubber was compared to other scrubber
types and particle-size dependent penetration determined for this unit.
-------
SECTION 2
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This evaluation was one of a series of such evaluations being con-
ducted by the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) to identify and test novel devices which are
capable of high efficiency collection of fine particulates. The test methods
used were not the usual compliance-type methods but were, rather, state-
of-the-art techniques for measuring efficiency as a function of particle size
using cascade impactors and an Electrical Aerosol Size Analyzer.
The following conclusions were made during this study:
1. The performance of the scrubber was compared to that of a theoreti-
cal venturi scrubber and found to have about a 60 percent smaller
aerodynamic cut diameter on the average for the same theoretical
power requirements. However, the standard deviation of the aero-
dynamic cut diameter was about 30 percent of the mean. Thus, much
of the difference is contained within the error band of the measure-
ment.
2. Water carryover from the scrubber was detected at gas flows in ex-
cess of 23. 6 m3/sec (50, 000 acfm). The subject scrubber was not
equipped with a mist eliminator.
3. Submicron particles were generated in the cooling section of the
scrubber from evaporation of dissolved solids in the water. This
phenomena tended to obscure the requirements of the test to quantify
the fine particle collection efficiency of the scrubber. The subject
device did not meet the objectives of EPA to identify fine particle
collectors.
It is recommended, for operations where scrubbers are practical,
the Century scrubber should be considered if the emissions are not pre-
dominantly fine particles.
-------
SECTION 3
DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND SCRUBBER
SITE DESCRIPTION
The field tests were conducted at a plant producing lightweight aggre-
gate. Shale mined from a. nearby quarry is transported to the site and
stored in a covered area. The crushed shale is conveyed to two rotary
kilns which are fired by pulverized coal. In the kilns, the shale is expand-
ed to reduce the density of the material. The expanded shale is allowed to
cool in stockpiles and is crushed to the desired size. The exhaust gases
from the kiln are ducted to a single wet scrubber. The saturated gases
are then exhausted to the atmosphere through a 2. 4 m (8-foot) diameter
stack.
SCRUBBER DESCRIPTION
General Description
A diagram of the scrubber is shown in Figure 3-1. The unit consists
of three sections: cooling section, scrubbing section, and the stack. In the
cooling section, the gas is quenched to a temperature less than 77° C (170°F)
by evaporation of a water spray.
The scrubbing section is a large circular chamber consisting of two
sections of nozzles, a high-pressure and low-pressure. The high-pressure
nozzles are suspended from horizontal headers and the low-pressure noz-
zles from vertical headers. The high-pressure nozzles (fine droplet) are
located near the front of the chamber, while the low-pressure nozzles
(coarse droplet) are near the rear of the chamber. The mechanism for
collection is claimed to be capture of the particles with the fine droplets
and then removal of the droplet-particle with the coarse droplets.
The stack may contain baffles or a demister, depending on the instal-
lation.
-------
SCRUBBED
GAS
CAS
IN,.
Figure 3-1. Diagram of FRP-100 Scrubber
77-412
Configuration of Scrubber at Site
The subject scrubber had some features which were unique to the site.
• The scrubber had no mist eliminators. The scrubber
only had a diagonal baffle at the outer radius of the ex-
haust elbow
• The nozzle configuration consisted of 43 high-pressure
and 23 low-pressure nozzles
• The cooling section was modified by plant personnel
from that supplied by the vendor. The spray rings
were replaced by a pair of low-pressure nozzles di-
rected into the gas flow
• The water was recirculated through a series of four
settling ponds. Sufficient water was added at the final
pond to make up for evaporation from the ponds and in
the scrubber
-------
• A high-pressure pump with a 40 hp motor and a low-
pressure pump with a 50 hp motor were installed at
the site. A rather long piping run of about 100 m was
between the pump and scrubber
• The scrubber is operated at about 80 percent the rated
gas volume
-------
SECTION 4
FIELD TEST
TEST PLAN
General
The test plan called for measurement of the size fractional collection
efficiency for normal operating conditions. Cascade impactors were used
for measurement of particles above 0. 50 micron in diameter, and a Model
3030 ThermoSystems, Inc., Electrical Aerosol Size Analyzer (EASA) was
used to measure particle distribution from 0. 003 to 1. 0 microns in diameter.
Supporting measurements included gas composition with an Orsat analyzer,
gas velocity, process flows, opacity, and power required.
The small size of the sampling platform prevented truly simultaneous
tests. However, inlet-outlet EASA and four inlet and two outlet impactor
tests were completed on the same day.
Schedule
The scrubber was tested three days in an "as is" condition. The rup-
ture of a waterline on the scrubber forced an outage of the plant to repair
the scrubber. Inspection of the scrubber indicated a buildup of material
at the dry-wet interface, a deposit of material in the lower 1/3 of the scrub-
ber, and several items (such as missing nozzles) requiring maintenance.
The scrubber was cleaned and maintenance performed on the unit. The
scrubber was again tested under normal operation conditions. A total of
three days of testing was conducted under conditions of a maintained unit.
These data are presented in this report as being representative of opera-
tion of the scrubber as designed.
GAS MEASUREMENT
The gas volumetric flow was obtained using a multipoint traverse with
a pitot probe following EPA Methods 1 and 2. The concentration of Qg, CO,
and CQs was measured with an Orsat analysis following EPA Method 3. The
water content of the flue gas was obtained with the impinger catch during the
cascade impactor tests.
6
-------
SIZE DISTRIBUTION MEASUREMENT
Cascade Impactor
The Meteorology Research, Inc. (MRI) Model 1502 Cascade Impactor
was used in the test. The MRI Cascade Impactor is an annular jet-collector
type, similar to that reported by Cohen and Montan (1967). A cut-away
drawing of the instrument is shown in Figure 4-1. The body of the device
consists of quick connect rings supporting jet plates, collection discs, and
a built-in filter holder. The design permits flexibility in application to
various sampling situations.
*
The particulate matter is collected on collection discs. The discs are
a lightweight metal stamping (730 mg) of 316 stainless steel. The discs
•were used only once, thereby permitting a permanent record of the test.
The surface of the collection disc for the outlet tests was prepared
with a solution of high-vacuum grease in toluene. The solution was painted
onto the discs. It was found that the thickness of the coating is important
in the performance of the impactor. After air drying, the discs were heated
at 149°C (300 °F) for 4 hours to remove volatiles. The collection discs were
handled with clean forceps by the edge to prevent contamination and weight
changes.
The filter was held by Kapton washers and was backed by a porous
metal plate. A tared aluminum foil dish was used to weigh the filter and
Kapton washers.
The inlet impactors utilized Reeve Angel 934AH glass fiber filter
mats as collection substrates held down with a stainless steel rim.
The weighing of the collection discs was a critical part of the test.
The collection disc was designed to fit the weighing chamber of a Cahn 4100
Electrobalance. The weighings were conducted at the motel to avoid dis-
ruptions due to low-frequency plant vibration. The discs and filters were
desiccated for 24 hours before weighing to stabilize the water content.
A weighing by substitution method was used.
Quality Control Tests--
Two types of quality control tests were conducted.
Controls--
Collection discs were prepared normally and transported to the test
site, but not mounted into an impactor. The control collection disc was a
good check of the performance in weighing of the samples. The tests of
7
-------
Nozzle
Jet Plate
Collection
Disc
1st Stage
O" Ring
Filter
75-II3
Figure 4-1. Assembly Drawing of Model 1502 Inertial
Cascade Impactor
8
-------
weighing repeatability were conducted with the collection discs under field
conditions during the normal pattern of work. Thus, problems with static
charges, balance adjustments, and handling were identified.
Blank tests--
Blank tests are impactors prepared in the normal manner which
sampled only filtered stack gas. These runs can identify problems from
chemical reactions of the substrate with stack gas, loss of substrate from
vaporization or abrasion, and contamination of the substrates from leaks,
or during assembly and disassembly. The blank runs also have at least one
control disc.
The results of the control and blank test at the inlet are shown in
Table 4-1. The control value of 0. 04 mg is within precision of the balance.
The blank value of 0. 18 mg is probably due to the high SOg concentration and
elevated temperature of 277 ° C (530 °F). The tests were conducted for long
enough times to obtain sufficient particulate matter to reduce the effects of
substrate weight changes.
The outlet impactors were modified with a 30 cm (12-inch) nozzle ex-
tension. The nozzle extension was heated with a 50 watt heater, and the im-
pactor body was heated with a 350 watt heater. The heaters were sealed
with tape to insulate and waterproof the assembly. The temperature of the
gas at the outlet of the impactor was monitored during the test. A tempera-
ture of at least 82°C (180°F) was maintained to avoid water condensation.
The sample train used for the impactor tests consisted of:
• An in-stack impactor with a stainless steel probe
• Hose to four Greenberg-Smith impingers containing
100 ml water in each of the first two impingers, the
third dry, and the final containing silica gel
• A dry gas meter and pump following the impingers
Submicron Particles
The measurement of the size distribution of submicron particles was
a two-stage process:
1. The aerosol sample was removed from the stack and
diluted with clean, dry air
2. The particulate matter in the diluted gas was then
measured with an EASA
-------
TABLE 4-1. RESULT OF CONTROL AND BLANK TEST
Run No. :
Substrates:
Time:
Location:
Temperature:
Date:
30
Reeve Angle 934 AH
M
5 min.
Inlet
277"C (530°F)
8/30/76
Control Discs , mg:
Blank Discs , mg:
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.15
0.20
0.28
0.23
Blank backup filter , mg: 0. 67
mean 0. 04
mean: 0.18
Standard deviation: 0. 08
a--taken to the field but not mounted in impactor
b--taken to the field and exposed to filtered stack gas
10
-------
The sample was extracted at nonisokinetic flow rates due to system
design and instrumentation specifications. This should not affect sample
collection of the submicron particles of interest.
A precutter was used to prevent large particle contamination of the
fine particle sample train. A modified MRI Model 1502 Cascade Impactor
was used to mate with the environment being sampled. The advantage of
using the modified impactor by eliminating collection discs and filter media
is the flexibility of determining the d50 separation point by manipulation of
stage jet diameters. When assembled properly, the impactor allows sam-
ples to be collected for approximately eight hours without plugging. The
inlet of the precutter-impactor should face downstream of particle flow.
Diluting the sample served a dual purpose:
• Matching sample concentrations to particle detection
capabilities
• Reducing the dew point of the sample
Dry dilution air was created by recirculating air through a bed of
CaSO4 desiccant (dew point, -68 °C) and then filtering to prevent contamina-
tion. Dilution was accomplished by a three-stage process of mixing the dry,
particle-free dilution air with the sample. Sample flow was measured by
venturi-type flow meters preceding each dilution stage, while dilution flows
are measured across orifice-type meters. Temperatures and pressures
were also monitored throughout the flow scheme. Tubing diameters in the
sample path are reasonably large (0. 95 cm diameter) to minimize particle
loss due to diffusion, and tubing lengths were short to minimize sample
residence time. Flow control was accomplished by manipulation of the
dilution air control valves.
Dilution ratios of about 6:1 to 1000:1 can be obtained by adjustment of
the control valves.
Figures 4-2 and 4-3 illustrate the extractive sampling systems at the
inlet and outlet of the scrubber. The outlet cascade impactor precutter and
probe required electrical heat tracing to evaporate entrained droplets be-
fore dilution.
The operation of the EASA for source measurements was described by
Sem (1976). The EASA must be protected from dirt and moisture and iso-
lated from vibration for successful operation.
11
-------
Stack
Buttonhook
Nozzle
Flow
Vacuum Pump
Figure 4-2. Inlet Extractive Sampling System
12
-------
Stack
H«at Traced
Sampling Line
EASA
Vacuum Pump
Vacuum Pump
Figure 4-3. Outlet Extractive Sampling System
13
-------
OPACITY MEASUREMENT
The opacity at the inlet and outlet of the scrubber was measured with
an MsRI Plant Process Visiometer. The instrument was installed in a 3-inch
port, and the sample was heated to remove water vapor. A diagram of the
instrument is shown in Figure 4-4. The aerosol particles in the chamber
are illuminated by a flash lamp. The optics have been designed so that the
output of the photomultiplier tube is proportional to the extinction coefficient
due to scattered light. The instrument is a physical analog of the following
equation:
b = 2V &( 9 ) sin 0 d 0
S Cctt
where
b = the scattering coefficient due to scattered light
S Celt
/3( 9 )= volume scattering function
0 = scattering angle
If there is no light absorption, the scattering coefficient is identical to the
extinction coefficient. The extinction coefficient is related to plume opacity
with the Bouguer Law.
Opacity (percent) = j"l - exp (-b L)~| 100
where
b = extinction coefficient, m
ext
L = stack diameter, m
The instrument is spanned •with an internal calibrator consisting of an
opal glass lens of known scattering coefficient. The lens is mechanically
placed in the view of the detector for calibration and was retracted into a
sealed chamber between calibrations. The PPV calibrator is calibrated with
oil smoke with reference instruments using both an integration nephelometer
and a transmissometer. The PPV was described in detail by Ensor, et al
(1974).
i
The PPV at the inlet of the scrubber was mounted on a support at the
ground. The sample was removed from the stack with a 1/2-inch ID stain-
less steel probe extending 0. 65 m (2 feet) into the stack through an elbow and
down through a vertical 1-inch diameter pipe 2. 1 m (7 feet) long to the optical
chamber. The inlet probe was aligned with the flow, and near isokinetic
sampling rate was maintained. The sample rate was estimated to be 0. 28
m /min (10 cfm). A high -efficiency aspirator at the exhaust of the optical
14
-------
SAMPLE FLOW
LIGHT TRAP
LIGHT RAYS
FLASH
LAMP
DIFFUSER
ELECTRONICS
HOTO MULTIPLIER
SAMPLE
VOLUME
\
ASPIRATOR
76-394/1
Figure 4-4. Diagram of the Plant Process Visiometer
15
-------
chamber was supplied with compressed air from a Rotron blower. The in-
let piping and optical chamber were insulated and heated to keep the aerosol
above the water dew point.
The PPV at the outlet was mounted on the sampling platform. The
electrically heated probe extended about 0.65 m (2 feet) into the stack. The
inlet of the probe was protected by a flat splash plate to prevent entrained
water droplets from entering the probe.
In both instruments, the optical chamber was electrically heated. A
remote control panel was rack-mounted in the truck. The light scattering
coefficients were recorded on strip charts. The remote control panel has
controls to allow remote operation of the instruments. Each PPV was ad-
justed to provide a typical midscale reading.
The internal opal glass calibrator is used as a field reference. After
installation, the instruments were operated continuously. The zero and span
were checked at least three times per day by back-flushing with clean air
and activating the calibrator. Thus both a check of the electronics and drift
and contamination of the optical surfaces were obtained. When required,
the units were cleaned and adjusted.
16
-------
SECTION 5
FIELD TEST RESULTS
CALCULATION OF SCRUBBER PERFORMANCE
The performance of this scrubber was compared to other types of
scrubbers with the following procedure:
• The theoretical hydraulic power required for the
scrubber was computed from both the gas and
water flows and pressure drop
• The scrubber performance aerodynamic cut dia-
meter was computed from the cascade impactor
results. The cut diameter as defined by Calvert,
et al (1972) is the particle size collected with 50
percent efficiency in the scrubber
• Utilizing results reported by Calvert (1974) and
adapted by Cooper and Anderson (1975), the per-
formance of the subject scrubber was compared
to the theoretical performance of other common
types of scrubbers
PROCESS FLOWS AND POWER REQUIRED
Gas Flows
The gas flows were determined by using an S-type pitot tube. A 36-
point traverse at the inlet upstream of the cooling section and a 48-point
traverse at the outlet were conducted each day. In addition, a 1. 22 m (4-foot)
extension was added to the stack to reduce the effect of local winds on the
stack velocity.
The results of the gas flow measurement are summarized in Table 5-1.
The inlet velocity traverse is more reliable than the outlet tests for the fol-
lowing reasons:
• The outlet test location was about one stack diameter
downstream from a bend and 1/2 upstream diameter
from the exhaust [with 1. 22 m (4-foot) extension]
17
-------
TABLE 5-1. SUMMARY OF GAS VOLUME MEASUREMENTS
Date:
Location
Temperature, °C
°F
Velocity, cm/ sec
ft/ sec
Static Pressure, cm H_O
in. H2O
Pressure Drop, cm I^O
in. H2O
Gas Flow, am3 /sec
acfm
Water Vapor, percent
Saturated Water Vapor,
percent
Gas Flow, sd m /sec
sdcfm
Gas Flow In/Gas Flow Out
Gas Flow from Inlet Tra-
verse Corrected to Scrub-
ber Conditions , am /sec
acfm
Liquid Carryover6, I/sec
gpm
Velocity in Scrubber*
cm/sec
ft/ sec
8/29
Inlet Outlet
277 46
531 115
1067 381
35.0 12.5
0.20 0.25
0.08 0.10
36.0 18.0
77, 000a 38, 000b
3.0 11.5
10.2
18.5 14.5
39, 100 30, 800C
1.27
22.8
48, 300
0.208
3.3
216
7.1
8/30
Inlet Outlet
275 46
527 115
1210 427
39.7 14.0
0.18 0.13
0.07 0.05
0.05
0.02
41.3 30.0
87,400 42,400
5.8 32.7
10.2
20.5 16.3
43, 400 34, 600°
1.25
25.2
53,400
4.10
65
241
7.9
8/31
Inlet Outlet
284 43
543 110
1173 515
38.5 16.9
0.20 0.18
0.08 0.07
0.03
0.01
41.3 24.1
37,500 51, 100
4.6 23.9
8.0
19.7 20.0
41,800 42,400
0.99
24.5
51,900
2.71
43
232
7.6
a--Inlet duct cross sectional area, 3.407 m2 (36. 68 ft2)
b--Outlet duct cross sectional area, 4. 694 m2 (50. 53 ft2)
c—Computed using saturated water concentration at scrubber outlet
conditions
d--Computed using dry gas volume from inlet traverse and saturated
water concentration
e--Assumed to be the excess water above saturation
f— Scrubber cross sectional area, 10. 51 m (113.1 ft2)
Standard conditions 21.1°C, 76 cm Hg (70°F, 29-92 in. Hg)
18
-------
• There was minor gas leakage at the juncture of the
duct work and scrubber
• The inlet traverse point was a good sampling loca-
tion and had sufficient flow for good measurement
accuracy
• The outlet gas velocity was low [about 3. 66 m/sec
(12 ft/sec)] thus prone to measurement error. Also,
the drop laden emissions tended to fill the pitot pressure
lines with water
The inlet velocity adjusted to scrubber conditions and a saturated water
content were used for the actual gas volumetric flow rate.
The water carry-over summarized in Table 5-1 and Figure 5-1, was
estimated by the additional water in excess of saturation. Based on the
limited data, the carry-over is a sensitive function of gas velocity in the
scrubber. Unless an entrainment separator is installed, carry-over might
limit the capacity of the unit.
Gas Composition Measurements
Results from the Orsat tests are summarized in Table 5-2.
Water Flows
The water flow was estimated by counting the number of high and low
pressure nozzles and using the rated water flow rate. The calculation is
summarized in Table 5-3.
Power Requirements
The determination of the hydraulic power required is shown in Table
5-4. The power loss computations developed by Semrau, as reported in
Strauss (1974), were used to compute the theoretical energy required. The
power measured at the pumps is also included for comparison.
PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY
Size Distribution
The impactor and EASA results were combined to obtain particle size
distribution and fractional penetration curves over the particle size ranges
of both instruments. The particle density was assumed to be 2 g/cm during
the computation of the actual particle diameter for the impactor tests. The
stage calibration constant for the impactor (¥50) was assumed to be 0. 38.
19
-------
4.5-.
4.0-
3.5-
3.0
I2'5
a
5 2.0
a.
LJ
<
1.0-
0.5"
70
60
50
= 40
E
10
c.
30
20
10
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
kacfir
i i
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
GAS FLOW, ar'/sec
77--! I I
Figure 5-1. Gas Flow Water Carry Over From Scrubber
20
-------
TABLE 5-2. SUMMARY OF ORSAT GAS ANALYSIS
Date
8/20
8/20
8/21
8/25
8/25
8/30
8/31
Location
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
Outlet
Inlet
Inlet*
Inlet
C02
%
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.8
5.0
5.3
08
%
14.0
12.6
13.1
13.9
12.6
12.6
12.6
CO
%
0.2
1.0
1.1
0.6
0.0
0.6'
1.61
Na
%
80.0
80.6
80.3
80.3
81.6
81.8
80.5
Dry Molecular Weight
gna/gm mole
29.6
29.6
29.6
29.6
29.6
29.5
29.5
a. Mercury used as fluid
TABLE 5-3. ESTIMATION OF WATER FLOWS
Location
Cooler
Front Section
Scrubber
Back Section
Scrubber
Number
2
47
21
Type
Low pressure
High pressure
Low pressure
Related
Flow,
I/sec (gpm)
1.78 (28.3)
0.25 ( 4.0)
1.79 (28.3)
Total
Flow,
I/ sec (gpm)
3.57 (56.6)
11.86 (188.0)
37.5 (594.3)
52.9 (838.9)
Low pressure nozzle -- 3.1 x 105 N/M (45 psig)
High pressure nozzle -~8.'7 x 10 N/M2 (125 psig)
b. Number of nozzles determined by inspection
21
-------
TABLE 5-4. ESTIMATION OF HYDRAULIC POWER REQUIRED
Date
8/29
8/30
8/31
Gas
Flow,
m /SBC
(acfm)
22.7
(46,000)
25.2
(53,400)
24.5
(51,900)
AP
cmHzO
(In H20)
...
0.051
(0.02)
0.025
(0.01)
Hydraulic
Power.
Watts/am /min
(hp/lOOOacfm)
(0. 00*)
0.079
(0.003)
0.053
(0.002)
Liquid
Flow,
I/sec
(gpm)
41
(651)
12
(»88)
41
(651)
12
(188)
41
(651)
12
(188)
AP. 2
n/m
(psig)
3xl05
<45) e
8.6x10
(125)
3xl05
(45)
8.6x10
(125)
3xl05
(45)
8. 6x10
(125)
Hydraulic
Power
Watts/am /min
(hp/1000 acfm)
9>2b
(0.35b)
7.4
(0.28)
8.4
(0.32)
6.8
(0.26)
8.7
(0.33)
6.85
(0.26)
Total
Hydraulic
Power
Watts /am /min
(hp/1000 acfm)
16.6
(0.63)
15.3
(0.58)
15.5
(0. 59)
L/C
I/in3
(gal/ 1000 acf)
2.35
(17.4)
2. 12
(15.7)
2.19
(16.2)
Measured
Power at Pump
Watts/am /min
(hp/1000 acfm)
N. D.
45.6
(1.73C)
47.9
(1.82)
Is)
IN)
a--Hydraulic power loss gas computed with the equation:
b—Hydraulic power loss liquid computed with the equation:
G,
= 0. 157 AP^, AP = pressure drop
in H20
3 ), ^^L. = ^1u*d pressure
" ** " drop, psig
Q, = liquid flow, gpm
Lf
Q = gas flow, acfm
c--Determined by measuring the applied voltage and amperage at the two pumps. The difference between the hydraulic power and
measured power was due to line pressure drop, pump efficiency, and power factor.
N. D. .-Not determined.
-------
The size distribution statistics are reported in Table 5-5. The geo-
metric mass mean diameter and geometric standard deviations were deter-
mined by a least squares fit to a lognormal size distribution. These statis-
tics indicate the mean diameter and width of the distribution. The correla-
tion coefficient indicates the goodness of the fit. The inlet particulate
matter was very coarse and in many tests the major fraction of the weight
was on the first stage of the impactor.
The particle size distributions are shown in Figures 5-2 to 5-4. These
curves were computed with a procedure reported by Markowski and Ensor
(1977) which is a modification of a technique developed by Calvert and re-
ported by Ensor et al (1975). The impactor data is plotted as cumulative
"smaller than" mass versus diameter curves.- These curves are then
interpolated to consistent selected size increments with a fitting routine
utilizing overlapping parabolas. The differential curves in Figures 5-2 to
5-4 are the slopes of the cumulative curve at the selected diameters. The
mean and standard deviation are computed for the differential distributions
from all tests at a given operating condition.
Penetration
The penetration of particles through the scrubber shown in Figures
5-5 to 5-7 is simply the outlet differential size distribution divided by the
inlet differential size distribution. The standard deviation for the penetra-
tion is given by:
v
-^t
\ out '
where
S = Standard deviation
F = Differential distribution
P = Penetration
in = Inlet
out = Outlet
The Standard deviation contains both process variation and measure-
ment errors. The cascade impactor reduced data are reported in Appendix
C.
23
-------
TABLE 5-5. SUMMARY OF SIZE DISTRIBUTION STATISTICS
Day Run
Inlet 8/Z9/76 31
32
33
34
Mean
Standard Deviation
Outlet 25
35
Mean
Standard Deviation
Inlet 8/30/76 40
41
42
43
Mean
Standard Deviation
Outlet 36
37
38
Mean
Standard Deviation
Inlet 8/31/76 44
45
47
49
Mean
Standard Deviation
Outlet 39
48
50
Mean
Standard Deviation
Geometric
Mass
Mean Dia.
micron
12.3
57.3
61.6
117.7
62.2
43.18
9.95
8.10
9.03
1.31
68
91.5
70.2
101.7
82.93
16.35
0.970
0.404
0.516
0.630
0.30
108.3
174.5
55.2
53.0
114.7
62.4
7.15
0.84
2.02
3.34
3.35
Geometric
Standard
Deviation
8.4
11.4
13.5
23.5
14.2
6.54
48.8
16.7
32.8
22.7
19.3
11.5
16.5
15.3
15.65
3.23
24.8
58.0
13.0
31.93
23.33
11.4
12.0
5.41
14.70
10.68
3.42
205.4
45.9
6.83
86.0
105.2
Correlation
Coefficient
to Lognormal
Distribution
0.970
0.974
0.972
0.981
0.974
0.005
0.958
0.900
0.929
0.041
0.986
0.986
0.977
0.991
0.985
0.006
0.974
0.967
0.960
0.969
0.010
0.985
0.986
0.983
0.983
0.983
0.003
0.982
0.969
0.971
0.974
0.007
24
-------
io"r
c.
E
TO3
2 io2
Of
in
_)
<
•z.
£10.0
1.0
• INLET
O OUTLET
PARTICLE DENSITY « 2 g/cm
*50 = °-38
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
0.1 1.0 10.C
PARTJCLE DIAMETER, micron
77-416
Figure 5-2. Differential Particle Size Distribution for
August 29, 1976
25
-------
10'
10*
s:
<
S 100
a
t-
in
O
u
N
in
_)
<
Z
UJ
lu
u.
10.0
1.0
0.1
T T
•INLET
OOUTLET
PARTICLE DENSITY
2g/cm3
r50
0.38
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
1.0 10.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER,micron
77-4(4
Figure 5-3. Differential Particle Size Distribution for
August 30, 1976
26
-------
1C3
o
o
O
100
UJ
Isl
z
UJ
u.
u.
10.0
1.0
0.1
• INLET
O OUTLET
PARTICLE DENSITY = 2 g/cm3
*50 - 0.38
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
1.0 10.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER, microns
77-415
Figure 5-4. Differential Particle Size Distribution for
August 31. 1976
27
-------
100
10.0
1.0
UJ
z
UJ
a.
o
o
<
c:
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.01
PARTICLE/GENERATION
EASA
CASCADE IMP AC TOR
(PARTICLE DENSITY
0.38
2 -g/cm3)
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
0.1
1.0 10.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER,microns
0)
o.
90.0 £
o
»*
I—
o
99.0 S
99.9
77-423
Figure 5-5. Fractional Penetration As a Function of Actual
Particle Diameter for August 29, 1976
28
-------
100.0
10.0
o
K
LLJ
a.
o
t-
u
at
u.
1.0
0.1
o.oi
a. 001
PARTICLE GENERATION
• EASA
O CASCADE IMPACTOR
CPARTICLE DENSITY - i
*50» 0.38
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
.01
0.1 1.0 10.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER, microns
90
o
t—
u
99
77-^22/1
99.9
Figure 5-6. Fractional Penetration As a Function of Actual
Particle Diameter for August 29, 1976
29
-------
100
10.0
1.0
z
UJ
a.
_i
O
0.1
ee
0.01
0.001
• EA5A
O CASCADE IMPACTOR
CPARTICLE DENSITY
0.38
2 g/cm3)
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
0.01
0.1 1.0 10.0
PARTICLE DIAMETER, microns
L.
0)
90.0 G
99.0
99.9
Figure 5-7. Fractional Penetration as a Function of Actual Particle
Diameter for August 31, 1976
30
-------
Particle Generation
Submicron particle generation was observed during all three days.
An estimation of the amount of particulate matter formed is reported in
Table 5-6.
The temperature of the gas at the cooling section outlet was measured
with a dial thermometer, and the gas was assumed to be saturated with water
at that point. The rate of water evaporated was used with the concentration
of dissolved solids in the supply water to estimate the amount of solids
formed in the scrubber. These estimates of particulate formation do ex-
plain the day-to-day variation of aerosol generation in a qualitative fashion.
The particulate matter is believed to form primarily from evaporation
of water in the cooling section. In the remainder of the scrubber, water
vapor is being condensed, probably from sensible heat transfer from the
incoming scrubbing water. The condensing conditions may possibly aid the
scrubber efficiency through particle growth and phoretic forces. However,
it is apparent that the submicron particles formed in the cooling section are
not efficiently captured in the main chamber of the scrubber. The efficiency
of the scrubber could be improved by using water with low dissolved solids
in the cooling section.
The increased concentration of particles greater than 5 microns in
diameter observed in some impactor tests was not due to particulate genera-
tion in the scrubber. The water droplets were not separated from the aero-
sol by a precutter but were evaporated with a heated nozzle at the inlet of
the impactor. The residue of the droplets was collected on the first two
or three stages of the impactor. Thus, the effects of liquid carry-over on
emissions can be measured.
SCRUBBER PERFORMANCE
Calculation of Aerodynamic Cut Diameter
The aerodynamic diameter as defined by Calvert et al (1972) is given
by
where
d = d 4 .
aero actual
C = Cunningham correction factor
p = Particle density, g/cm
actual = Actual cut diameter, microns
31
-------
TABLE 5-6. ESTIMATION OF AEROSOL GENERATION
Date
Location
Temperature, *C
(•F)
Abaolute Humidity, (Ib HjO/lb Gas)
Gaa Flow, m /sec
(dacfm)
Increaae H.O Concentration through
Cooler, gmH-O/gm Gas
(Ib H2O/lb Gas)
Water Evaporated In Cooler kg/min
(Ib/mln)
Suspended Solids, mg/l
Dissolved Solids, mg/1
Dissolved Solids Evaporated, gm/mln
Evaporated Solids Concentration,
gin/dam
gr/dscf)
8/29/76
Inlet
277
(531)
0.0509B
18.5
[39, 100)
nil
6,440
Cooler
Outlet
52
(125)
0.0955b
0. 0446
(0.0446)
60.6
(133.4)
390
0.34
(0.15)
Scrubber
Outlet
69
(115)
0. 0692b
4,000
6,480
8/30/76
Inlet
275
(527)
0. 0992a
20.5
(43,400)
100
6,190
Cooler
Outlet
54
(130)
0.1 lb
0.0108
(0.0108)
16.3
(35.9)
101
0.082
(0.036)
Scrubber
Outlet
69
(115)
0. 0692
3.300
6, 170
8/31/76
Inlet
284
(543)
0. 0793*
19.7
(41,800)
60
6,200
Cooler
Outlet
54
(130)
O.ll"
0.0307
(0.0307)
44.6
(98.2)
276
0.23
(0.10)
Scrubber
Outlet
643
(HO)
0.0595b
3,000
6,000
w
ts)
a—Measured
b--Assuming gas saturated with water (Perry, 1963)
-------
The actual cut diameters were taken from Figures 5-5 to 5-7. The
aerodynamic cut diameters were then computed using the above formula.
The calculation is summarized in Table 5-6.
Comparison To Other Scrubber Types
The aerodynamic cut diameters calculated in Table 5-7 combined with
the power requirements from Table 5-4 are shown in Figure 5-8. The mean
aerodynamic cut diameters are below the theoretical performance curve
for the venturi scrubber. This suggests that the horizontal spray chamber
is more efficient particle collector for a given power input than the venturi
case. However, the error bounds are sufficiently broad to limit conclusions.
OPACITY
The PPV proved to be a useful monitor of real-time operation of the
scrubber. The inlet PPV performance was limited by the buildup of par-
ticulate matter on the flash lamp lens. An example of the opacity data is
shown in Figure 5-9. The opacity at the inlet and outlet are summarized
in Table 5-8. The outlet opacity was about 30 percent of the inlet opacity
from particulate removal in the scrubber.
33
-------
TABLE 5-7. CALCULATION OF AERODYNAMIC CUT DIAMETERS
Date
8/29
8/30
8/31
Cut Diameters _
(Density = 2g/cm )
micron
^Standard Deviation 0. 70
Mean 0. 50
-Standard Deviation 0. 35
+Standard Deviation 0.46
Mean 0. 39
-Standard Deviation 0. 33
^Standard Deviation 0. 70
Mean 0. 58
-Standard Deviation 0.46
C
1.275
1.39
1.55
1.42
1.50
1.59
1.275
1.33
1.42
V PC
(g/cm3)
1.60
1.67
1.76
1.69
1.73
1.78
1.60
1.63
1.69
d
aero
micron
1. 12
0.83
0.62
0.78
0.68
0.59
1.12
0.95
0.78
34
-------
3.0
2.0
u
O.
I-
UJ
a.
1.0
0.8
O.C
0.5
O.I)
o
o
oc.
uj 0.3
0.2
0.1
1.5
PRESSURE DROP, inches M7o
3 «t 5 G 7 8 910 15
20
30 MO 50 60 80 100
I
I I
la. 11 SIEVE PLATE SCRUUULRS
2a. 2b VEHTUR1 SCRUBbERS
3 IMPINGEMENT PLATE
4 PACKED COLUMNS
T
• 8/29/7C
O8/30/76
A8/31/76
ONE STANDARD DEVIATION BOUNDS
10
20 30 50
POWER, watts (am3/ni1n)
100-
200
300
0.25
I | |
0.5 0.81.0 2.0
POWER, hn/1000 acfm
J.O
I
I
l I
5.0
I I i
8.0 10
I
2a
<« 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 ««0 50
PRESSURL OROP,cm H20
70 <(0100
200 300
77-413
Figure 5-8. Aerodynamic Cut-Diameters of the FRP-100 Scrubber Compared to the Theoretical
Performance of Other Scrubber Types, (after Cooper and Anderson (1975), adapted
from Calvert (1974)
-------
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
Hoars
Figure 5-9. Outlet Scattering Coefficients Measured with Plant
Process Visiometer, August 29, 1976
36
-------
TABLE 5-8. SUMMARY OF MEASURED OPACITY
Inlet
Typical
Range
Outlet
Typical
Range
Duct Temp.
°C (°F)
288-304
(550-580)
43-46
(110-115)
PPV Temp.
116-127
(240-260)
82-93
(180-200)
b scat
m-1
1.4
0.62-1.86
0.162
0. 134-0. 165
a
Opacity
97
77-99
33
28-33
a -- Computed using an 8-foot path length.
Opacity = 100 (1 - exp (-bsca,8 x 0.3048))
37
-------
REFERENCES
Calvert, 3. , J. Goldshmid, D. Leith, and D. Mehta. Scrubber Handbook.
EPA Contract No. CAP-70-95, PB-213-06, 1972.
Calvert, S. Engineering Design of Fine Particle Scrubbers. J. Air Poll.
Cont. Assoc., 24:929-934, 1974.
Cohen, J. J. and D. M. Montan. Theoretical Considerations, Design, and
Evaluation of a Cascade Impactor. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assn. J. , 28:95-104,
1967.
Cooper, D. W. and D. P. Anderson. Dynactor Scrubber Evaluation.
EPA-650/2-74-083-a, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
1975.
Ensor, D. S., L. D. Bevan, and G. Markowski. Application of Nephelom-
etry to the Monitoring of Air Pollution Sources. 67th Annual Meeting
of the Air Pollution Control Assoc. , Denver, Colorado,
Paper No. 74-110, 1974.
Ensor, D. S., B. S. Jackson, S. Calvert, C. Lake, D. V. Wallon,
R. E. Nilon, K. S. Campbell, T. A. Cahill, and R. G. Flocchini.
Evaluation of a Particulate Scrubber on a Coal-Fired Utility Boiler.
EPA 600/2-75-074, NTIS PB 249562/AS, 1975.
Markowski, G. R., and D. S. Ensor. A Procedure for Computing Particle
Size Dependent Efficiency for Control Devices from Cascade Impactor
Data. 70th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association,
Toronto, Canada, June, 1977.
Sem, G. J. Submicron Particle Size Measurement of Stack Emissions Using
the Electrical Mobility Technique. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on
Sampling, Analysis, and Monitoring of Stack Emissions, EPRI SR41,
1976. pp. 111-129.
Strauss, W. Industrial Gas Cleaning. Pergamon Press, New York, New
York, 1974. pp. 333-334.
Perry, J. H. Chemical Engineer's Handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Company,
Inc., New York, New York, 1963. p. 15-5.
38
-------
APPENDIX A
MANUFACTURER'S DESCRIPTION OF SCRUBBER
The following is a description of the control device provided in a
brochure prepared by Century Industrial Products. It indicates the principles
guiding the design and the specifications for the scrubber.
Cooling -- Hot, particulate-laden gases, often containing
oxides of sulfur and other noxious fumes, are first intro-
duced to a cooling section where rapid quenching occurs
through exposure to cooling sprays. Inlet temperatures
of over 500°F are acceptable. Gases are cooled to approxi-
mately 170°F upon entering the main scrubbing shell. A
film cooling technique is employed to augment the evapora-
tive cooling sprays in maintaining temperatures well below
tolerance levels of the fiberglass used in the cooling system
housing the main scrubber shell.
Particulate Scrubbing -- The capture of fine particulates
by water spray and subsequent removal of the particulate-
laden water droplets have been the principal mechanisms
for the control of this type of emission from industrial
processes for many years. In most devices based on these
mechanisms, the dust particle and the water droplet is
important to efficient dust capture. Hence, many scrubber
designs in use today are of the so-called medium to high
energy types.
Century's research efforts have determined that the most
important parameter governing the performance of a scrubber
is the mean free path* in collisions between dust particles
and water droplets; and that mean free path does not depend
on the relative velocity between the dust particle and the water
droplet, but rather on the density of water droplets (the num-
ber of droplets per unit volume). The higher the density, the
shorter the mean free path, and the higher will be the proba-
bility of collisions between particulates and water droplets.
However, if the water droplets are too small, they are swept
away readily by the gas stream and droplet-particulate
*The path an object takes before it hits another object.
39
-------
collisions become unlikely. Required, then, is a low
velocity gas stream in order to maximize the scrubbing
action available in a high density field of fine water drop-
lets. The FRP-100 achieves this by utilizing a long, hori-
zontal shell configuration with a large diameter. Gas
velocity is thus dramatically reduced and, therefore, the
time available for particulates to collide with the fine
water droplets is increased.
The collisions between particles and water droplets occur
mainly in the forward section of the scrubber shell where
four arrays of nozzles produce fine spray droplets of about
200 microns in diameter. Once these droplets have cap-
tured dust particles, the new droplet-particle combinations
must themselves be trapped and coalesced into a stream for
discharge out of the scrubber before they can be swept out
of the scrubber by the gas stream.
Capture of the droplet-particle combinations is accom-
plished by another four arrays of nozzles producing coarse
spray droplets of about 2, 000 microns in diameter. These
coarse droplets capture the particulate-laden small water
droplets in much the same way the latter captured the still
smaller dust particles. The large droplets are not swept
away by the gas stream due to their greater mass, but
impinge directly against the inside wall of the scrubber
shell. They then flow by gravity to the bottom of the shell
and collect for drainage out of the rear of the scrubber.
SO B Removal — The same principles of operation (moving
gases at low velocity through multi-stages of water droplets)
provide a means for absorbing the water-soluble gases.
The FRP-100 utilizes 900 GPM of fluid, which, when atomized
by the spray nozzles, creates an exceedingly high liquid surface
area for contact with gases. While efficiencies in SO2 removal
are dependent upon the alkalinity of the scrubbing fluid, the
SO2 concentration, and gas flow rate through the scrubber,
significant removal is obtainable using only moderately alka-
line (not slurry) water supplies.
Dimensions of the FRP-100 Scrubber
The scrubbing section of the FRP-100 Scrubber is 12 feet inside
diameter and 40 feet long. The cooling section is 8 feet long
by approximately 6 feet in diameter. Exhaust stacks are custom
designed for particular applications.
40
-------
APPENDIX B
ESTIMATION OF CAPITAL AND INSTALLATION
COSTS FOR FRP-100 SCRUBBER
Scrubber rated at 100, 000 acfm with 70-foot stack $120, 000
Freight (1500 to 1800 miles) 4,000
Foundations, material and labor 4,000
Pumps (assumes water is available 500 feet from scrubber) 8, 000
1. 60 psig main pump
2. 60 psig main standby
3. Booster pump
Electrical components and labor 2, 000
Pipe, valves, and fittings (Schedule 80, PVC pipe) 4,000
Ducting 5, 000
Support for 70-foot stack
Steel 8,000
Foundation 2, 000
Installation labor (200 manhours) 3, 000
Testing 3, 000
Spare parts 3, 000
The above costing is based on information supplied by Century Industrial
Products. The actual installation costs may vary greatly depending on
site and availability of water.
41
-------
APPENDIX C
TEST DATA
COAL ANALYSIS
Heat Content
Moisture
Volatiles
Fixed Carbon
Ash
Sulfur
7341 cal/gm
2. 96 percent
41.4 percent
48. 8 percent
10. 15 percent
1. 26 percent
42
-------
OUILLr i»bA B/29/76 200S (IKS 1MPACTOH
04 1 a
Jit PLAIl I Oh SUr.f-3 7 HOI E3 12
U)
ItSI OUHAIION *
MEIEM IEMP. a
METER PHES a
BAKU. PRES «
NUZZLE 1)1 A. a
VOL. MKTEH =
8IACK PHES3UHK :
CUNO. MATER a
(ESt RESULTS
PEHCL-NT MOISIUPE
VOLUME GAS SID. DRY
PERCENT 1SOKINE11C
5 . 0 M 1 NU 1 1 S
70. DEOS. F
.39 IN.
29.29 INCH HR
TIMP IMPACIOR =
1LMP A1MOS. s
VTLOCI rr =
SAMPLE RAIE =
.312b INCHES TOTAL VOLUME (31 ACK) =
2.2P CUBIC H.F1
29.30 INCH HP
6.1 CC
s 12.17
= .632L-01 CUBIC Mf TF.R
= HB.16
PAU1ICLE DENSITY =
SIACK SUCTION a
VISCOSITY =
121. I'IGS. F
HO. UlGS. F
20.21 FT/SLC
.57 Cf (SIACK CONO. J
2.8S CF(SIALK CONO.)
2.00 GNAM/CC
.73SF.-02 INCH HG
. 19E-03 POISE
SIZt DISTRIBUTION RESULTS
CUN HOLE
PLATE COR NUMBER
1 .01 B.
2 .02 12.
3 .05 2
-------
nru.1
USI OAtA
HU»A 1 1 UN a
Mtfl.M IhMP. a
MtU.R PHtS =
BARO. PI'IS =
NOULE DIA. =
VOL. MEUH e
StACK HHtSSUHF. s
CU"»0. rtAlfcH =
11.31 HlSULTS
3IF K/J?9/7h I f.»<. MkS IMPACTUP lilt Jl f PI Alt 102 3UBE3 1 HOLFM b
IMP AC I |J« a
.1.1) M1MJTI3
70. OF 08. >
.00 IN.
29.29 INCH HU
,|2SO 1NCHLS
,,»B cuuic M.M
29.30 INI II HG
,'f CC
VF.LUCtrY a
SAMPI.L PAft =
IU1AL VOL UN(STACK) s
PAKIHLE DFM3MY =
SIAf.K SIICT ION =
VJtiU.OltV =
HAS SID.
PKHCtNl ISIIKIMLTIC =
,776t-n<> CUBIC Ml 1FH
9H.(lft
DH;S. F
UMiii. F
S3H.
no.
.IH f.FOIAlK
.S« CF (S1AI.K (.UNO. )
^.00 (iHAM/CC
MO I 5F.
SUL OlSIHlBUTIUN HF.SULtS
HOLf.
I
2
3
4
b
b
7
CUM
COM
.01
ion
.10
,'t'i
8.
20!
20.
6.
HULL
OlAMtltH
.BhUI +00
.U76F. + 00
.SOlt-01
,S«IE-OI
DSO
(Mjr.PUhlR)
,206E»(I?
.fll)HE + fl|
VH
CM/SU
MASS FHACt
MfiMAMt;
.HUSF. + 01
.0501*00
.20UF.401
,bB5F.«01
CUNC
MG/CUHIC M
.I09F +OU
.SHOt+02
CUM
MG/CIJB1C
+041
.57
Mb/CUHR M
-99.0
46.0
112.
190.
'166.
. IOflK + OU
. I6U +0'l
.(fl/L + OU
.2171 +OU
.1 Wt +0(1
73«.
3'IH.
-------
MfLH INI.Hi
II- .11 OAIA
thSI iniNAUON
MLILH ILMP.
rtfclLH PHIS
HAHU. PHfcS
NUi/l.t D1A.
VOL. MtllH
STACK PMfcSSURE
CU'JU. MAtEH
32?
\t!>t HMS
lOB Jit W.AII 103 3T4«».3 7 WHJ 3 *>
3.0
M).
.01
.28
i?9.30
,<•
IN.
INCH MI;
INCHIS
CUMIC l-H-t
INCH MO
II
MU181UHE = 3.22
VOLUME GAS SID. DHY = .776I.-02
ISUKINMIC = 94.06
ltM|> AIMOS. =
VLLUCITY =
SAMMLt KATE =
I (HAL VULUMt (3IACK) =
PARTICLE DENSI1Y =
STAC« SUC(I ON e
VISCOSITY =
CUBIC
SSH.
no.
36.09
.IH
.so
i>.00
Uh -Ot>
Hf -03
Ob OS. 1
DIGS, f
FT/StC
LH STACK
CFISIACK
GMAM/CC
INCH MR
PUISI
CUNO.I
C(INI).)
SUL UISIHIBUTION KI.3ULIS
MLAIL
I
3
03ttOO
.HH9L-OI
.b'Ut-01
usn
(MICRONS)
.HOOt+OI
,<40<>t + 00
VI1L
CM/SLC
MASS FRACT
MUKAMS
.UOM03
.*»92I »03
,S7St»03
.ISSk »OU
.6211tOO
F ILUR hf IGHT
TOTAL nil (ill I
, 7051tOl
.68(>KtOI
.IHIEtOl
.1
.600
./SO
1.00
2!oO
'I.DO
h.OU
9.00
IH!"|
CUM CONC
MU/CUBIC M
-9V. (10
»7b.O
H07.9
86U.9
979.0
HbO.
3131.
« I 'I 3 .
boos!
DM/DLOGD
Mtt/CHBlC M
-99. o
29l!
399.
SOS.
608.
.ISOEtOO
.'jlhLtOO
.SHHttOO
.SlOttOO
,3b'itO)0
-------
TlfUtt 1NLMI
DATA
3JF rt/29//«» 1BJ7 MRS 1HPAC10H 117 Jl I MLAll
MiiLF.3 b
fist UIIHAtlON B 3.0
MLHR ItMP. = 70.
Mtll.H W.S * .01
I1AKU. PHI.S x 29.29
MU//Lt 01A. s
VUL, ME I EH s
SUCK HHkSSUHL =
CONU, rtAtl-H =
IE3T HtSULTS
. to
M1NI.MIS
DLCS. F
IN.
INCH MU
INCHt S
CUBIC FF_
INCH H«
CL
MUISMJKE = 3.22
VULUMt UA3 Sri). UKr t ,7/ht-02
1SOK1NEIIC = 9b.l"
IMPACTUP
II hP AtMUS.
VtLtlCItV
U»!fc
lOIftl
CUBIC
»F.MHItY =
SlAth HUC I ION =
VISCOSITY =
S22.
HO.
3h. If
. IM
.Sd
? , on
SHMf -0?
.H«h-0.i
Dtr.S. F
oi un . F
Ft/RIC
CF CitACK
CF (SUCK
KHAM/CC
INCH HG
fOISF
CONO.)
CONU.)
SUt D19IH1BUT10N
»••mw^ «
MOLE
MU^Ufct
fl,
ou 2HnF»o3
.2221*01 .S6AI*03
.97«»00 .IS3FtO'l
.411E+00 .611(40'!
FiLlfcR *»t II;MT
TUIAL NEIRHI
.1 J6F402
.1IUE402
.570E40I
!7bL»00
,(I7HF«()0
,50Ut404
.IS6E40Q
.I90t*05
.I7R(4QU
.U2/E40U
.228t+lH
.S70F401
.BS7E402
.209t<
• O .» t L. '
.2931 403
735t*OJ
sum
MSI'jO
!5B
.J8
.38
.3B
INUKPUtartD SUK OlSTHlBUrtllN RESULTS
PUlNt
1
f.
3
')
•>
b
;
H
9
to
It
12
PlAMf.TER
IMICHONS)
.300
.120
.60 1)
.750
1.00
1.50
2. no
a. oo
(..(10
9.00
I2.li
IH.fl
CUM CONC
MU/CUB1C M
-99.00
736.2
767.0
?9/.7
Q
-------
INI.EI3 3«F H/29/76 IflflJ DOS IMPACIUK 109 JM PLAH |01 StAGt-S / HOLES 6
rist
TEST DURA I ION »
MttEH IEMP. s
MEIfcH I'RtS c
IIAHU. PHI.S = i
NOmt DIA. *
VOL. METLH =
SUCK PKES3UHE s i
CONO. «AIEH =
fEST HLSULIS
PERCENT MOISTUHE =
VULUML WAS SID. OHY =
PLKCENI ISOKtNEIlC &
J.o
70.
.01
.29
250
.211
.30
.2
M 1 Nil 11 a
UEUS. \
IN.
IHCH HG
INCHES
CUBIC KET
INCH Hn
cc
.776L-02
93.o;
IMPACTOH s
TEMP AtMus. =
VELOCIlr e
SAMPLF HfllE =
10IAL VULIINt (STACK) =
PARTICLE DENSltY =
STACK SUC(IUN s
VISCUS1TV =
CUBIC M|. tt»
no.
37.51
.18
.">«
2.00
.5HOI-02
OK;S. \
DECS. K
FT/SEC
CF(STACK COND.)
CHSTACK COND.)
GRAM/CC
INCH HG
f>01SE
UIStHIHUTIUN HESULI3
PLAtt
1
2
i
6
1
6
9
10
II
12
OUMUEH
(H1CWONS)
.300
.«2U
.f>»0
• rjo
1.00
1.50
2.U»
1.00
6.00
9.110
12.0
!«.»
CUM fUNC
MG /CUB 1C M
-V9.UO
7 'IV. I
no/.u
650. i
915. •>
I0i>9.
1110.
2IS3.
2Mi.
320S.
i«7U.
3B2I.
DM/OLOC!)
MG/CUPIC M
-99.0
32H.
«I9.
!<*.
6
-------
00
MlLkt 11UILI. 1 ISF 8/29/76 20W llM.S |MPAU(lR 116 Jh T P| ATI loS SIAljtS 7 HtlifS |2
T13I UAIA
Itsr DuxAlliiN « to. (i MINIMI r, II*P IM-ACTOH t i?i. DM;S. >>
MtttK M.WV. s 70. 01 bS. F It Ml' AIMUS. * 60. Of US. t
MtltH PUkS s ,20 IN. VELOCITY s f.n.ft H/StC
BAKU. »<«tJ» * 29.29 |WCH Hi; SAMPLK MATT s .4* CF (STACK LOUD.)
N022Lt UIA. s .2-) DO INtHtii TU1AI VULIIMJ (SI ACK) = 4.3t CM.HIACK CONP.)
VOL, MEUM = 3. MOO .lllt. + fl(? ,9«>hf+0? .2901*02 .iOlb+Oi .6991*03
3 .04 24. .203E + 00 .U301+01 .2hi(«n3 .IH^F+OI .|9Qt.t02 .3951+03
4 .09 24. .I2bt+00 ,202k401 .6971*03 . hidb + Ul .661E + OS .3f9t»03
S .16 24. .8R9L-OI .IIBF. + OI .I37I»04 .S22E + OI ,V»43E»02 .3I3M03
6 . *6 24. .S4|b-OI ,Sl7b«00 .UOF + 04 .2051: + 01 .2I4E*02 .259K«03
1 »b6 12. .b4|E*»OI .342b+00 .74lb+04 .I92F+OI .200C402 .237K+03
fILTIR bHGHT .209b«02 .2l/t«03 .217F.+03
TOIAl. WblGHT .OH5K + 02
HH.HPOLAIH) Hltf. UlSIHtlUlllUN PtbllLlS
POlNl DIAMEItH CUM CONC D«/ULOGD
(M1CHONS) Mli/CUBIC M MG/CUHll M
1 ,SDO -99.00 -99.0
2 .420 22H.I 99. H
3 .600 239.4 61.3
4 . 7bO 243.9 b6.0
•> 1.00 2S2.4 109.
6 l.S" 2HI.3 212.
/ 2.00 311.H r>34.
0 4.QU W«.l 129.
9 6.00 3PS.9 tlH.l
10 9.00 394.1 172.
11 12.0 421.1 S«0.
12 IU.O 5*'l.3 .Il6b»04
UM/DIUGO 3UHT
MG/CUBIC M psibO
.7331*01 3ft
.999t*03 3H
.464F.*02 )A
.202t. + OS 5H
.233t+OJ 38
,S95E»02 3H
.lilt +03 $8
-------
MTU: UlMH.t
ir.si DMA
B/J0/76 112H
1E8I OHM ATI UN s
Ml. TEH TEMP, i
ML I EH PHIS s
BAKU. PHkU s
NUllLE 1)1 A. =
VUL. MEltH =
STACK PHESSUHE =
LONG. aAim =
1ESI KESULTS
10.0
70. DELS. F-
.19 IN.
29.36 INCH Ht
INCHES
Mi;
32.3 1C
PEKIENT MUlsrUHt s
VOLUME tiAS Sfl). DRY t
PtHCtHI I SUM ME TIC =
30. 10
JET PL»H los
Tt^P IMPACTUH f
IEMP ATMUS. =
vKOCirr =
SAMPLE WAT1. =
tUIAL VOLUME(STACK) =
I'ARTIl.LI DF.USllr =
9TACK SIICTIUN x
VISC1IS1TY =
CUIUC MtTfH
/ NIH.I s
121.
70.
DI.CS. F
Ih.Sh
.SO
5.36
2.00
.UO|R-Of>
.19E-03
t I/SFC
CP (STACK
CF (STACK
GHAM/CC
INCH Mb
po i si:
CONO.)
COND.)
3UE OISUtlHUIlON RtSULIS
PLAIE
1
£
i
4
5
6
7
CUN HOLE
CDK NUMHEH
.01 H.
.02 1?.
.05 20.
.10 24.
.16 20.
.11 20.
.bO (2.
MOLE
D1AMETEK
.HfidKtOO
,U7t>t 400
.203E»00
. I2SL400
.HH9E-01
,5«1E-OI
tbO IE-01
I)SO
(MlCHONS)
VEl.
r.M/stc
MASS FMACI
MGHAMS
.9931
1IHL403
.B03E403
,105E4n)
.OS7I 400
.300E4HO
ULTER HEIGHT
TOTAL "EICiHT
HttRPOLAttO Sift! DiaTHlHUUUN HESULTS
POINT
1
2
3
0
5
b
7
a
9
10
11
12
01AMEUH
(MKHUN3)
.300
.020
.600
. 7bO
1.00
I.SD
2.00
0.00
6.00
9.00
12.0
IB.n
CUM CONC DM/
MK/tUHIC M fU/C
1S1.6 0
20S.7 2
232.9 I
201.6 7
2U6.H 6
261.9 1
27S.7 I
310.9 9
$2-3.2 1
33H.3 b
302. h U
309. b 3
00?.
70.0
ID'S.
90. t
us!«>
C(INC
MG/CUIJIC
M
CUM CONC
MG/CUHIC M
.023E403
.11U.401
.260E401
.350H401
.120E40?
.29IE402
.J9IE402
.233E402
.277E401
.579M01
.135E402
.379E402
.607E+02
DM/ULUGD
MG/CUHIC *
.2001403
.338E40J
.309L403
.270M03
.207E403
.216M03
.I5IE403
.70PE+02
.990E402
.8S3E402
.353E40J
SOW I
PS I SO
.36
.38
. *6
-------
tint i utnur
H.SI DATA
in e/30/76 1231 HWS IMPACIUW 120 JET PLATE io<< SIAOES i HUUS 12
US I DURATION t 10.0
MtTLN TLMP. t 70.
MtlEH PH»S s .17
HAHO, PHIS • ?9.36
NU/ZLE U1A. : .2500
VOL. Ml I EH = 3.Ob
STAC* PHtSSUKl « ?9.3b
CUNI). MA I EH = 30.7
ttST RESULTS
OIKS. I
IN.
INCH UK
1NCHIS
CIMI1C \l
INCH HG
CC
PEKCtNt M013IURI s 34.13
VULUME GAS STD. l)HY s .BSOE-01
PEHCLNI I3UK1NETIC = 1'jO.UI
1MPACTON
n MH ATMIJS.
VfLOCI TV
SAMPLE MATE
IIMAL VI.il.UHt (STACK)
PAH1ICLE DENSITY
STACK SUCtION
VISCOSITY s
CUH 1C
:
s
s
s
s
9
s
s
l?l.
75.
lf<,5(<
.51
5.09
2.00
.4411 -02
.|9*/-03
DET.S. 1
DKJS. ^
M/SEC
CMSTACK
a CS1ACK
CWM/CC
INCH HG
POISE
CUNU.)
CdND.)
31Zt DISIH1BUTION KESUL1S
PLATE
1
2
3
4
S
b
7
CUN
CUR
.01
.02
.OS
.10
.17
.40
. d2
HOLE
NUMHLH
B.
12*
?.n.
24.
24.
24.
12.
01
.«
• *
.2
* 1
.n
.b
.b
HULI
AMEIKH
.HbUt»UI)
,150L*UI
396Ltfl3
050 VH. MASS ^BACT CUNC CIJM CONC
(MItMUNS) CM/SEC HGHAM3 MG/CUB1C M MG/CUIHC M
.204E*Q2 .S13K*Q2 .67^6*01
.102M02 .I12M03
,39hE*OI .309MOJ
.|Hhf«ni .a20E«03 .20*iK*01 .242E*0? .362E*03
.na9t-OI .I06E*01 ,IMt*0« . 1^6t*OI .23IL»02 .SiHt»03
.b4IE-01 .4/|E*00 .4361*04 ,2bSE*01 .3I2E*02 .3lbE»03
.b4U.-01 .3()9FtQO .B71MOa .5311*01 .62SE402 .2Q4E»03
ULTfR hUGHI .|HHff02 .22IE+03 .221Et03
TUTAL WEIGHT ,404k*02
OM/DLOGD
MG/LUH1C M
.263E*03
.430E*02
.7356*02
.9H5E+02
.H6|E*02
.34» »03
SOH1
PS1SO
.36
.36
.36
.58
.30
.38
.18
INTERI'HLAIH> 3I/E UlSIRIDUl ION kt.SULIS
PU1NI
|
2
3
(I
«j
b
7
a
t
10
1 1
12
It t AUI t t U
I/ 1 A~i 1 t. Ff
(hICHUNS)
.300
.420
.600
.7SO
1.00
l.bO
2.00
4.00
6.DO
9.00
12.0
16. ')
CUM CUNC
MUmiUlL M
-99.011
269. 7
29fl,8
300.3
314.4
32H.9
340.6
3b2.2
370.3
377. b
363.3
392.9
DM/OLOCD
MG/CUIHC I
-99.0
2H<>,
1 iS.
76.5
66.6
93.6
6h.b
bS.7
It. 6
4 l.H
49.4
S/.b
-------
TIILE1 OUTLET
DA I A
3Bf a/30/7b 1439 HRS IMpACUlft l?0 JIT PLATt )Qtt STAGES 7 HOLES 12
TL3I OUR A HUN
MEILH PHIS
H«HU« PRE.S
NOi/Lt [)1A.
VOL. XbTtH
STACK PHESSUWL =
CONl).
1E9I RtSULlS
PERCLNT. MOISTURE
VOLUME GAS SID, DRY
PERCENT 1SUK1NET1C
10.0
70.
.16
29.30
.2SOO
3.15
29.30
31.4
MINUHS
DEC3. F
IN.
INCH HK
INCHES
CIIHIC fl
INCH Ht;
cc
Ft
.Bb8E-OI
1^3.V5
TKM|>
ItMP A1MUS. »
VILOCIIY s
SAHHLL RATt =
IllTAL VOLUME (STACK) s
MAHIICtE DENSITY =
STACK SUCTION s
VISCOSITY =
CUBIC MtlER
no.
16.Sh
2.00
DECS. F
DECS, f
FT/SEC
CKSTACK
CF(STACK
GRAM/CC
INCH MG
POISE
COND.)
COND.)
SIZE OISIHIBIHION HESULIS
Oi
PLAIl
I
I
3
(1
5
b
1
CLIN MOLL
COR NUMBER
.01 B.
.02 12.
.OS 24.
.10 24.
.17 24.
.uu ?a.
.hi 12.
HOLE
UlAMtTtR
.HbdhtOO
.Uldb*00
.2031*00
,l«»5l*no
.B69E-OI
.SU1E«01
.SUlfc-01
USD
(MICRONS)
. Hill- (Or5
.1U7L40I
VK
CM/SEC
MASS FRACT
MRKAMS
CONC
MG/CUHIC M
CUM CONC
MG/CUHIC M
.3I7E*03
UM/OLOGD
MG/CUHIC M
,1I5E»03
»03
,470E*00
.111E*01
.I60M02
.'J"bE«04
.30bE»<'0
f IL1EK
TOTAL WLItHT
,|47E*OI
.17bE*OI
.b47E*01
.111M02
.98SE+02
.7231*02
.5bOE*02
.4Q7E »0i
3URT
PS ISO
.38
.38
.»8
.38
.38
.1H
.38
.12flE«OJ
iNltRfOLATtl) SUt 01STRIBUUON WI8ULTS
POINT
J
i»
3
4
S
ft
7
B
•t
in
II
l/>
OlAMETEM
(MICRONS)
.300
.(120
.000
.750
1. 00
I.S»
2.00
4.00
fc.OO
9.00
12.0
1H.O
CUM LONC
Mli/CUBIC M
-99.00
IBH.9
209.0
2H.4
221. U
23J.2
203.9
2^2.9
2HO.U
«?flO.
-------
Ui
t\)
tltlbt INLI \f «OF
H.»T DATA
ILST DllRAllON s
MEItH IL-MH, s
ME ILK I'HtS B
I1AHII. PHES B
UUmi 01 A, =
VUL. MEILR B
STACK PHtSSUKt s
CUND. HAIER s
ItSt Ht. SULtS
»/3»/7h ibi^ MRS IMPACUIM
1.0 Ml Mill IS
70. I) tGH. \
.OH IN.
?9. 3S INLH MG
.Irfso INCHIS
.61 CUBIC FELT
29, 3b INCH HU
.H Ct
|0<> JkT I'lAll |0| STAKES 7 HULLS t
TIMP IMP AC HIR = blO. l)Ki;3. \
IIMP A1MUS. s HO. (HNS. >
VI.LOCUv = a^.10 F r/SF.C
.'SAMPLE RAU = .30 CF (SIACK CONO.)
IOTAL VOLUME (SIACK) = I. 21 CI(SI«LK LUND.)
PAHIICLI UFNSIIY s t».00 GRAM/CC
SIACK SUCTION = .367k-0e» INCH Ht;
V1SCOS1IY = .2HI--03 PU1SE
PERCENT MOISTURE a (,.12
VOLUME BAS STD. DRY a .I6QE-01 I.UHIC MEIER
PtHlENI ISUKlNtllC = IUI.O"
SIZE DISTRIBUTION RESULTS
CUM MULE HOLE 050 VEL MASS FRAC1 CONC CUM CONC
PLAIE COR NUMIUR DIAMLII.R (MK.RONSJ CM/SEC MGRAMS MB/CUUIC M MG/CUIUC M
1 .01 B. .BML400 .3<>ll to? .306l.tOt? .POUE402 .(I75E40U ,906E«oa
03E400 .619k4(ll .IHUI«0!l .237l:40i? . M(lEl i>4. .HMVt-OI .I67E401 .462E403 .'I96F.40I .^<)Ui:403 .I35L40U
6 ,bl 2b
-------
IIILE: iNLf
Tt3t DATA
4IF fl/JO/76 1544 HHS 1MPACTUK |IH JLt PLAIt 102 SlAGfS 7 HUUS 6
Ttst UUHATION 9 2.0 HINDUS
MtltN TI.MP. 3 70. l)tt,S. ^
MUI.H PHIS = .os IN.
tfAHU. PMtS e 29.J5 IMIH Hi;
NUMLE 01A. s .1250 IMCHtii
VOL. MUER B ,2B C«JH1C FEET
SUCK PHKSSIJHt = 29. }5 INCH HG
CUNU. NAIt« s .U CC
Tt3! RbSULIS
PLRCENf MUISlURL a 6. Of,
VOLUMt G»S STO. I)HY s ,7?7t-02 CUBIC MtTF.M
PtHCLNt ISOMNbrit = l«»9.uo
TEMP iMHALfOH s 5JO.
It^l' AfMUS. = BO.
vttocn v = of. 10
SAHPLt HAft = .rfH
IOIAL VOI IIMMS1ACK) = .56
fAKUCU OE.N31IY = i>.00
SUCTION = .3h7F.-02
V1SCUSHY s .2Ht-Oi
ntr.s. F
UM-S. F
Fl/StC
LF(STACK CUNO.)
CRSTACK CONO.)
GHAM/CC
INCH HU
POISt
Ul
U)
Sl/b OlStHIPtltKIN HLSULfS
PLAlt
1
2
3
4
5
6
CUN
CUR
.01
.02
.06
.12
.20
.49
"ULE
NUMBED
a.
12.
•'O.
24.
i>4.
24.
01
,(
.1
.2
• 1
.fl
.5
6.
HUU
OlAMtfKH
.2031400
.H89E-Ot
.54IL-01
D50
(MICRONS)
,|67t40?
.6481401
.3021401
.3011.400
VH.
CM/SIC
.?P|tMl?
MASS FNACT
MGHAMS
. J69E403
M>3
M)3
, 34SK40I
,75«E40I
.410E*01
.I)2t401
» ILUN wtlGHT
IUIAL hblGHT
.I66E401
.7B7M02
MG/tUblC M
.649E404
.975E403
.II5E404
.I70E403
.I57E403
CUM
MU/CUHIC M
. IOU 405
.363K404
.3I9K404
.2211400
.107E404
,540t403
.371E403
.2I4M03
OM/DLOGO
MG/CU8IC M
.237(404
: 404
.460E403
.396E403
SlvRf
PS150
.38
.38
. J8
.38
^38
.38
INIEHPOLAfLO SUE OlSfHIBUllUN RE.SULIS
PtfINt
1
2
J
f>0
.750
1 .00
1.50
2.00
4.00
6.00
9.110
12.0
1 « . 0
CUM CONC
MU/CUD1C M
-99.00
26f ,9
329. B
370.6
42H. 1
50V. 1
641.2
1460.
2096.
2606.
2902.
3249.
DM/DLUliO
MU/CUIIIL M
-9V. 0
387.
mr.
4 in.
«57.
P33.
. 1631 404
.33flt 404
.3231404
.256LMJ4
.2?0f 404
. 1 /6l 404
-------
TllLti INLEII t2f e/3o/?6 ih3!> MRS IMPACIHR UIH JH I'IAIE lot :;i4i,is ; HOLIS b
1(Mp |MPAC TDK
I IMP AfMUS.
VELUC1IV
SAMPLf RAM.
I01AL VOLOMf(3TACK)
PAH1KLI DENSIIY
STACK SUCTION
VI.SHIS Mr
TEST DURATION
MEItH IEMP.
MtTER PRE3
BAHU. PHES
MO/JLE UIA.
VOL. MEIER
SUCK PHhSSUHE
CONO. flAIEH
s
s
s
s
3
=
:
s
3.0
'0.
,0b
29,32
. I2S»
.44
29.31
.<3
MINUIIS
UlliS. f
I'M.
INCH HI;
INCHES
CUBIC mT
INCH Mr;
LC
TL3I RESULTS
PERCENI MUISIURE =
VOLUME UAS SID. ORt :
PERCENT ISOKIMtflC =
.I22E-01
134./3
CUBIC MKIKR
5?u.
HO.
fj J If)
jo
!«/
2.00
.73Sk-02
.2Kt-03
DIUS. F
Otf.S. F
M/StC
CF (STACK
CKSTACK
UHAM/CC
INCH HO
POISE
CONO.)
CUNO.)
Ul
3Ut OlSIHlBUTiUN RESULTS
PLAIE
1
3
4
fa
?
COH HOLE
COR NUMBER
HOLE
DIAMETER
.01
.02
.(Id
.12
|49
2. 14
0.
12.
24.
24.
6.
,4/b».»00
.12bE»UO
.HH9E-OI
.S4lt-i)l
.b41E-OI
DSO
(MICRONS)
IMHO?
VI L
CM/SEC
MASS FRACT
MGRAMS
1761 »U3
,7311400
400 .992E«04
Ml IER «UGHT
IUTAL wiIUHT
INTEHPULATED SUE DISTNIHUTION MISHITS
POINT
1
2
3
a
b
6
f
»
9
10
11
12
U1AM( TEN
(MICRONS)
.300
.420
.600
./50
1.00
1.50
2.00
4.00
6.00
9.00
12. 0
18.1
CUM CONC
MG/CUUIC M
«50.'l
52M.7
601.3
63H.S
bb4.6
72b. 1
79b.S
1310.
1023.
23/3.
2732.
317H.
OM/OLflC-r,
M5/CUIUC M
569.
SDJ.
3H9.
313.
2/9.
DBS.
B25.
.2S9L»fl'J
.3051 *ii4
.29Ht *04
.27b» »04
.2I1K404
CONC
MG/CUUIC
COM
Mu/cunic M
.IMEf02
.292E»OI
.I4IE+01
.23bE»OI
.1B6E403
.906E+03
.M6Et03
!4
-------
INLETS 911- R/iQ/Jb 16 ATMII!!. r
.0«? IN. VtLOCIft =
2V. 3^ INCH IK; SAMPLE HAU =
.1250 INCHES IMTAL VflLUMf. (STACK) s
.36 CUHIC FFfT PARTir.lt DHN.'UTY s
?V.33 INCH MR STACK SUCTION = .'
.I«T -02 INCH MO
2HF.-(H POISF
SIZt DISTRIBUTION RESULTS
CUM HULL
PLATE COM NUMBER
1 .01 «.
i .0«? 12.
3 .OS 24.
4 .11 24.
5 . \t in.
h .4/1 24.
G, / 2.14 6.
MOLK DSO vei MASS FPACT
DlAMtftR (MJLWIirgS) fM/SK MliRAMS
.H/>Ut*00 . 16?MHr> .r>fVMO^ .dS3l-t02
,6t40a . 17HF.40a .50
.1h9E403 .H05M03 .0
3 .600
« ./SO
S 1.00
6 1 .SO
1 2.00
H a. 00
9 6.00
10 9.00
II 12. 0
\f. 1 9.0
CUM tuNc DM/Dinr.n
MG/CUHIC M MK/ciiHic w
-99.00 -99.0
-------
tlTUf OIIILf.l
TtSl DATA
H/H/76 MO? HHS IMPACIIW I 16 Jf.T Pl.ATt 105 STAGES 1 HULE3 12
TE3T DURATION
METIM I»MP.
*ETER PRES
BArtU. PRE3
NO**Lt UIA.
VOL. MfcHH
STACK PHLSSUHE
COHI). wAIER
TEST HESULI3
10.0
/o.
.16
29.2"
.2500
2.94
29.25
19, 1
MINllltH
UM;S. i-
IN.
INCH HG
INCHES
CUHIC IEET
INCH Mi;
tc
IUIAL
UMP IMPACTOR
IEMM ATMUS.
VILOCltY
SAMPLE HATF
VOLUMt (STACK)
ItfU DENSITY
STACK SUCTION
VISCOSITY
*
s
2
t
*
s
s
2
no.
HO.
17.44
.42
a.23
2.00
.5MF-02
.19E-03
DIRS, f
ntr.s. i-
r- 1 /st c
CMSTACK
CFIflTACK
C.BAM/CC
INCH HG
POISt
COND.)
COND.)
PENCE NT MiHSTIjHt £ 25.16
VOLUME GAS SIU. DHV c .BI3E-OI
PEMCLN1 TSUKIxJEIlC = 118.52
CUBIC Mf. UH
SUE. PISTHIHUTION RESULTS
Ul
CUN HULt
PLAIE CllK NUMtlEI-
I .Ul H.
3
a
5
b
7
HUl.t
JIAMLfEH
• HdUtMlO
050
(MICHI.1NS)
vr.u
CH/SK
MASS (-HAC1
MOHAMS
CUNC
MO/CUHIC M
.241E403
.no 2a.
.09 i-fl.
.15 ?4.
,35 ?.».
.54 I?.
40>>
.BH9E-OI
.5'IU-OI
.204t 401
. I I 9£ 4 (I I
400
HLUR
.6POI.403
. 1 33!
M IGHT
.690FIOO
,U37E*0|
.2396*01
.I95E401
.I4UE402
.S37E402
,?9gt402
.204K402
.240E402
.inE401
CUM CONC
MG/CUB1C M
,S7bE403
.335E403
.326E403
.305E403
.25lf»03
.222E403
.20IE403
.1771403
UM/DLUGU
MG/CUHIC M
TOTAL WE1KH1
iNTLRPULATtO SUt DI9TR1HUT ION KESULTS
POINT
1
2
3
u
•>
b
7
A
9
I')
II
12
DIAMHIH
(MJCHONS)
.300
.a?o
,f>00
,7«iO
1.00
1.50
2.00
a. 00
b.OO
9.00
12.0
IB.O
CUM CONC
MG/CUHIC M
-99.00
1UV.9
205. 1
210.6
21 f» 8
233.2
?50.l
29V. 7
SIS.H
324.2
327.'*
332.7
UM/OLOtU)
MR /CUHIC M
-99.0
I2B.
11. S
5Kb
fi9. t
117.
IS2.
I<*H.
65. 1
36. 3
29.2
?«.!?
.281E402
•5I9E402
. I64E40i
I34L403
sum
PS ISO
!lfl
.38
.SB
.SB
.58
.}«
-------
11 ILL I INLI \f l^a^
Tk3t DATA
Hf»S 1MPACIUR 109 Jf T MlATt 10| STAKf.'S 7 HUUS 6
TESI DURATION s
MET EH i IMP. ±
MEItH PRtS =
HARM. PRIS = t
NUZ/lt 01A. s
VOL. ME I EH s
STACK PHtSSURt = t
CONO. MAttR =
list RESULTS
PERCENT MOISTURE s
VOLUME GAS Sib. DRY s
PtHCEMT ISUK1NETIC =
2.0
70.
.01
MINUTES
UEIiS. »
IN.
INCH iu;
iwr.Hf s
cuuic MET
INCH HG
cc
«.«>?
IfMP IMP AC I OR s
1I>P flTMUS. =
VFLOCITY =
SAMPLE HATE =
IOTAI VUI. UMf. (STACK) s
PAH11CI.F. OFNS1TY =
STACK SUCTION s
VISCOSITY =
CUBIC MflFR
S45.
no.
on. HI
.20
.40
?.oo
4F-02
•JF-OI
DECS. F
DHJS. f
F1/SEC
CF (STACK
U (STACK
GRAM/CC
INCH HI,
POISE
CONU. )
CUND. )
SUE DISTRIBUTION RtSULtS
PLAIt
1
i
3
n
<3
6
7
CUN HOLE
COR NU^HER
.01 II.
.02 12.
.05 24.
.10 34.
.17 24.
.40 24.
2.0) 6.
iNTtRPULMEt) Sl/E
POINT
1
2
3
4
S
6
;
a
9
10
Ii
I
\z
DIAMEIEH
(MICRONS)
.300
.'J2U
.600
• 7'JO
1.00
l.bO
2.00
4.00
b.OO
9.00
I j n
1 c « "
1B.O
HOLE
01 AMK fEH
.H64LfOO
.476EtOO
.?01ttOO
. !2SE»no
.OB9t >OI
.54IE-01
.b41t-OI
D1STRIUIMION
CUM CONC
wu/cunic M
-99.00
210.2
271.6
319. t
371.1
460.2
b9P.3
1471.
2123.
2bH/.
0 I U ll
C f "" •
2992.
1)50 VEL MASS KHACT
(MICRONS) CM/StC MGRAM3
,39flE«n? ,2nit*02 .3fl4F»U2
,|99F«02 .UUOM02 ,3hbE*OI
.773E40J .)?IM03 .296FtOI
.3^?MOI .12IE + 03 .66IE401
.211E40I .632(«03 .37(lFt01
.91 moo .171M04 .I46K401
.361t»no .68?E»04 ,9SOttOO
F ILtl R lv 1 IUHT .109Ff01
10TAL hi JGMT .SflHE+02
RESULTS
DM/OLOKI)
MG/CUBIC M
-99.0
119.
454.
4£h.
44?.
«S7.
.!7Uf «04
. 45SI »04
. 33IH «04
.202f i04
ttiL « f. /i
> J r t II U
. 1'ior. in/I
CdNC CUM CONL OM/DLOtiO SORT
MC/CUHIC M Mc/ciinic M MG/CUHIC M PSISO
.69^E+04 ,IOftE+05 .?30E»OS
-------
mut
TEST DATA
4SF H/JI/76 1|*9 MRS IMPAUKiR I1H JET PLATE 102 STAGES 7 HOI I 3 6
TEST DURATION s 2.0 MINUTES
MUtR TEMP, s 70. OMJ8. t-
METI.R PHIS a .Oi" IN.
HAND, CHLS « ?9.30 INCH Mb
NOZ/LE 1)1 A. B . I2SO INC HIS
VOL. MtTIR = .21 CUBIC HI T
StACK PMtSStlRt = 29.51 INCH Hi;
CUMI). NAUR = .2 CL
TtST RESULTS
PERCENT M01S1URE * 0.92
VOLUME GAS SIM. DRY s .5B2K-02 CUHTC
PtHCLNI ISUKlNbltC s 100.1-)
UP 1MPACTOR s
TEMP ATMOS. a
SAMf-Lh HA 1 1 3
TOTAL VULUMt (STACK) =
PAHt ICLI DtNSIlY s
STACK RUCTION s
VISCOSITY =
545.
HO.
40. Bl
.21
.4?
?.oo
41. -02
9E-03
urns. *
tnt.3. f
(• r/:t c
CF(STACK
CMSTACK
GRAM/CC
INCH HG
PUISf.
COND.)
IOND.1
00
SUE
RESULTS
PLATE
1
2
3
4
5
b
/ (
tUN
COR
.01
.Or*
.05
.10
.16
.41
»,07
HOLE
NUMtfbR
H.
12.
2'l.
^ (1
^ (J
24.
6.
HOLE
DIAMtTIR
.H64E*00
.476E400
.203E400
,12'jE + OO
,en9E-oi
,b«!E-Ol
.541E-OI
DSO
(MICRONS)
.3HHE402
. I94E 10?
.753E+OI
,3'i3E40)
.?06l»01
,8<»lk»00
.369E 400
F 1LH
VEI
CM/SEC
.21 IblOi?
. 46i*E 402
.127E403
. < VI 403
.bfell 403
. 1 79| 404
.7161404
X hEIGHl
MASS fPACI
MGRAM3
.59SE402
.USUE40 1
,Ht7t 401
.706F.40I
.3I6E40I
.IORE401
.6SOE400
. lU^f 401
CUNC
MG/CUHIC X
. 10?t40S
.7HOE403
.HOE404
. 121E 404
.•J43E403
. IB6E 403
.112E403
.24UE403
CUM CONC
MU/CUHIC M
.I47E40?
.4B.
1901.
2S«1 .
3021.
ihflO.
DM/DLOGD
KU/CIIH1C M
-99.0
212.
303.
3H|.
466.
55H.
. 12^E40a
.32Ht40U
.376E404
. 166) 40(1
.3U2t404
. M)7t40U
-------
tITLEt iNLt IV
rtsr UAIA
(LSI UUHAtlUN s
MtltH If.MP. :
MEHH PHkS =
BAKU. PHI 3 2
«0{£Lt DIA, =
VllL. "MEN s
SIACK PHESSUHh c
(.UNO. rtAUH s
risr HIsuits
H/31/76 I2«.t H|HT =
I'tHCtNl ISOKlNtTIL =
cuuiL MI
IOO.AH
SIZE UISIKIBIMION RtSULTS
piArt
1
1
'1
s
6
r ,
CUN HOLE
COB NUMIltR
.01 9.
1 1 It 1 3
tVe 1 e .
.OS 24.
.10 24.
.IB ju.
.41 in.
'.07 6.
01
.8
. '•
.2
.1
.«
.5
,i
HULL
AMt ri:R
,8bUt+00
•01
,50(iK40t
,B9lh+00
.3fi
.U30M02
INItHPULAflO SUt OlSTWlBUIIUtJ RbSULtS
POINT
1
I
3
4
5
(«
7
9
9
10
II
\f
DIAMETER
(M1CNUN3)
.too
.4^0
.600
.7«>0
1.00
I. SO
2.0H
a. no
6.00
9.00
12. 0
I'l.O
CUM CONC
MU/CUIUC M
-99.00
46.92
66.90
86. i?a
136.3
247.6
3«>f>.5
II SO.
I9p).
26<>3.
?9/<,.
33011.
DM/DLfKil)
MK/CUHIC M
-99.0
IIS. 6
1/2.
-------
tlTLI.i INIMJ 47F H/31/76 120ft MWS
H3I DAIA
. I()H H7 JEI PLAfE 10« STAGES 7 IUILKS t
IE31 DURATION
MEIER TE^P.
MEItR PRE8
BAKU, PrtES
NU//LE DIA.
VOL. MEIER
STACK PRESSURE
Cl»tJO. HAIER
tESI RESULTS
a
e
:
•
s
*
a
s
2.0
7H.
.01
29.30
,lr»50
.16
?9.Jl
,j>
MINUTIS
UHiS. 1-
IN.
INCH HO
INCHES
CUBIC FI
INCH nt;
tc
PEMCLN1 MOlSlURF s
VOLOMt GAS STf), URY &
PERCENI ISQH1NI- (1C s
IUTAL
AfMUS. i
VfLOCITY s
SAMPLE KATI =
VOLIIMM5IACK) e
f. DtNSIIV =
SUCK SUCTHIN =
V1SCOS1IY =
CUBIC Mf
BO.
U0.8I
,|h
. S2
2.00
,f»9K-04
OfKS. F
OEf.S. F
FT/StL
Cf- (STACK CUND.)
CFCStACK CUND.)
UNAM/CC
INCH HU
HO ISt
3t/t: DISTRIBUTION RESULTS
PLAIE
1
2
3
4
6
7
CON HULE
COH NUMBIH
HOLE
OlAMETEM
.01
.02
.1)1
.09
.IS
!fl7
6.
1?.
24.
t>.
DSO
(MICRONS)
to?
CM/5F.C
.Ifill 40?
.3S2M02
MASS FRACT
MGRAMS
.5S2M02
CONC
MG/CUBIC
M
CUM CONC
MG/CllBtC M
.17SE+OS
OM/DLURU
MG/CUBIC M
.2571+OJ
.54IE-01
.541E-01
.23BE+01
.I04E+01
.57BE40I
,70ht»OI
.300F.40I
FILtfR v<(. HiHT
IOTAL NEICfHT
.9091+03
.I30E+OU
.IS9E+04
.677E403
.273E403
.5B6E402
.2IOE+03
.li?2E + fl4
.541F+03
.268F+OJ
.2IOt+03
tO«
.4B6E+OU
.29IE+0«
,762E«OJ
SORT
P3I50
.38
.16
!i8
.*3B
.5fl
INTEHPULAftO SHE DISIHtHUTlON HtSIILTT,
P01HT
1
•f.
3
a
b
6
;
B
9
10
II
12
DIAMETER
(MICHON3)
.300
.
-------
TITLE! OUTLET OAA H/31/76 lb.17 MkS
HSI UATA
i?o JH PI AH inh STATES 7 HOLTS 12
TESI DUW4I10N a
METER IEMP. s
<*E1tK PHES s
BAKU. PWE8 «
NUmE UIA. B
VOL, MEIER =
STACK PRESSURE a
COMU. ftATt.H e
TEST NESULls
PEHCENI MotSTUKT
VOLUME UAS Sru. DRY
PERCENT 1SUKINEUC
10.0 M1MUHS m«P I
70. DECS.
.I/ Ih.
?'».?« INCH
.2500 INCHl
f".9J CU»IC
W.t'y INCH
19.0 CC
s 2S.I5
= .BltE-OI
= 1IH.I1
F TEMP
MPACtOR =
ATMOS. =
VELOCITY =
HC SAMPLK HATE =
3 TtJlAI. VOLUME
FEM PAHflCLK
H(, STACK
VI
CUBIC Ml TE»
(3TACK) s
nnvsiTY s
RUCTION s
SCOSITY =
no. inr.s. f
RO. OEK3. F
IT.fli FT/RK
.«I2 CFfSTACK
U.2I CF(STATK
?.00 URAM/CC
.SI
227. 1
iJJH.U
2
iOS.d
JU/.2
311.4
(>M/l>LUGn
MC/CUIIIC M
-99.0
2fcl .
no.
S3.I
b7. J
79. H
tto.
99. r
03.0
20. 1
lfl.9
?.\ .S
-------
U ILL i |NLUI»
ll.Jjt OAtA
rt/3i/7«>
HWS (MpAClllR 109 JIT PIATI |nl SUGfS / HfM S h
IL3I DUHA?1UN
MEtKH IEMP.
e
a
E
BARI). PMtS «
NOllLE niA. s
VOL. HETbK =
SUCK PRt5SUKt =
LONO. ftATfcH s
tbSI HESUL'S
PhHUN.I M0191UHE
VOLUME GAS 310. DRY
70.
.01
29.20
.1250
MINUTES
DIGS. F
IN.
INCH HR
INCH!S
CUBIC Flft
INCH lib
tr.
HMP
UMP SIMUS. =
VELOCIIV s
SAMPLE PATl =
IfMAL VmiJMl (SUCK) =
PARTlCLt DbNSMY =
STACK SUCTION s
VISCOSITY =
Stt5.
BO.
UO.BI
.U6
?.oo
.5IUF-02
CUD 1C MM EN
DIGS. I
DIGS, f
t 1/SKC
U (SUCK
CF(STACK
COND.)
CONO.)
INCH MG
POISt
109. V7
SUE DISTHlBUtlUN HfSULIS
PLAtK
1
2
5
n
s
b
CON HOLE.
CnH NUMHtH
.01 H.
.02 12.
.05 21.
.11 21.
.19 gU.
.44 2ast 40"
.?2U 40U
.I7B( fOU
SUHt
P3I50
.38
.}B
.3fl
.38
. 3fl
-------
tutu oiitLtr sol- fl/Jt/76 lesi MRS IMPACTOH lift JET IM.ATI
TEST DA IA
IDS STAR*8 7 HUI.F.3 12
IfST DURA I ION i
METER IEMP. s
BAHO. PRES a
N022LE DIA. s
VOL. MUIH »
STACK PHkSSIIHE f
CUrm. WA1ER s
IEST RESULTS
PERChMT MOISTURE e
VOLUME KAS SID. DRY e
PERCENT ISOH1NEI1C =
5.0
70.
.17
29.20
.2500
I.SO
29.21
UERS. F
IN.
INCH HG
INCHES
CUHIC ff.tt
INCH HG
cu
2S.IH
.Q|af»Ql
120.91
ATMOS.
VRLOLItV
SAMCLt HA IE
lOTAl VOLUMf(STACK)
PARTICLE DENSITY
STACK SUCTION
VISCOSITY
CUHIC Ml
110.
HO.
I/. '11
i».00
OlfJS. t
nti.s. f
H/SEC
CMSMCK CUND.)
Cf(STACK COND.)
GHAM/CC
INCH HG
POISE
SUE UISIRIHUT1UN HE3ULT3
PLATE
1
^
i
4
S
6
I
CIIN HOLE
CUR NUMBER
HOLE
01 AMI. TER
.01
.02
.00
.09
.15
.36
.55
e.
.54IE-OI
.54IE-OI
OSO
(MICRONS)
VFL
CM/SEC
*0?
MASS FRACT
MGRAM.S
CONC
MG/CUHIC
CUM CONC
MG/CU8IC M
.3I6E+03
DM/DLOUD
MG/CUHIC M
.1231*01
.20IM01
. IIUr»0|
.5161+00
.3U2E400
ULTEH
.69UI +03
.1 S7I 40U
.3201*00
.a?OE+QO
.26BF.401
, /3HE«04
It 1GHT
.llhf tOI
.275E«01
.24 IF.+ 01
,772E«01
. I9«E*0?
.6«7l*0?
.3«3E»02
,2HOE*02
,?71M03
I«7K»03
.4831*02
. I97f »03
.1071*03
l?SEt03
370E*05
SORT
PSI50
!i8
.30
.38
.3fl
.3H
.5IVMO?
inrAL wtIGMI
INIE'HPOLATID SI/E DISTRIBUTION RESULTS
POINT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
to
It
12
01 AMI TER
(MICRONS)
.300
."20
,t>nu
.750
1. on
1.50
2.00
l.Oli
6.00
9.00
12.0
IH.D
CUM CONC
MCi/CUHIC M
-'»«». 00
"5.75
133.7
lu'i.o
lbl.3
166. d
IH6.3
246.1
r>b3.0
270. i
272. S
27/.3
OM/DL01»n
MG/CIIHIC M
• 99.0
*5I.
ihn.
B5.3
7n.?
1*?.
t«l.
1U6.
62. 7
•>9.t
^3.3
21. 6
-------
TECHNICAL REPORT DATA
(Please read Jiiuntciions on the reverse before completing)
1. REPORT NO.
EPA-600/7-77-116
2.
3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO.
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
Century Industrial Products FRP-100 Wet Scrubber
Evaluation
5. REPORT DATE
October 1977 •
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
D.S. Ensor and R.G. Hooper
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT N(
MRI 76-FR-1468
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Meteorology Research, Inc.
Box 637
Altadena, California 91001
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
EHE624
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-02-2125
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
EPA, Office of Research and Development
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
13. TYPE OF REPORT
Task Final; 8
C AND PERIOD COVEREl
/76-8/77
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/13
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES j£RL-RTP project officer for this report is Dale L. Harmon,
Man Drop 61, 919/541-2925.
16. ABSTRACT
The report gives results of a field test evaluation of the performance of
the Century Industrial Products FRP-100 wet scrubber installed on a lightweight
aggregate kiln. Inlet/outlet tests for particle size distribution with cascade impactors
and extractive sampling with an electrical aerosol size analyzer, and plume opacity
with a plant process visiometer were conducted. The scrubber, operating at 80%
rated capacity, had an aerodynamic cut diameter (50% collection efficiency) of 0.8
microns at a theoretical hydraulic power of 15.8 watts/a cu m/min (0.6 hp/1000 acfm]
The liquid-to-gas ratio was about 2.16 1/cu m (16 gal./lOOO acf). The formation of
submicron aerosol from the evaporation in the gas cooling section of water containing
dissolved solids was observed during all tests. Also, the carryover of spray from
the scrubber (there was no mist eliminator) was observed at flow rates greater than
23.7 cu m/sec (50,000 acfm).
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
DESCRIPTORS
b.lDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS C. COSATI I'lCld/GfOUp
Air Pollution
Evaluation
Scrubbers
Kilns
Air Pollution Control
Stationary Sources
FRP-100 Scrubber
13B
14B
07A
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASS (ThisReport)
Unclassified
21. NO. OF PAGES
67
20. SECURITY CLASS (Thispage)
Unclassified
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (9-73)
------- |