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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES • WP-2O-21
WRSIC 69-102
Selected
Urban Storm Water Runoff
Abstracts
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR • FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION
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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL RESEARCH SERIES
Reports in this series describe the results and progress in the control and
abatement of pollution in our Nation's Waters. They provide a central source
of information on the research, development, and demonstration activities
in the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration, United States Depart-
ment of the Interior, through in-house research and grants and contracts with
Federal, State, and local agencies, research institutions, and industrial or-
ganizations. The exchange of such data should contribute toward the long
range development of economical, large-scale management of our Nation's
water resources.
Previously issued reports on the Storm and Combined Sewer Pollution Control
Program:
WP-20-11 Problems of Combined Sewer Facilities and Overflows-
1967
WP-20-15 Water Pollution Aspects of Urban Runoff
WP-20-16 Strainer/Filter Treatment of Combined Sewer Overflows
WP-20-17 Dissolved-Air Flotation Treatment of Combined Sewer
Overflows
WP-20-18 Improved Sealants for Infiltration Control
WP-20-22 Polymers for Sewer Flow Control
Publication of this bibliography was arranged in cooperation with the Water
Resources Scientific Information Center (WRSIC), Office of Water Resources
Research, as part of WRSIC's program of promoting compilations on special
topics to complement its own semimonthly publication SELECTED WATER
RESOURCES ABSTRACTS.
Copies of this bibliography can be purchased from the Clearinghouse for
Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Virginia 22151 at $3
each in paper copy or 65£ in microfilm.
CLEARINGHOUSE
FOR FEDERAL SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
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Selected Urban Storm Water
Runoff Abstracts
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
prepared by
The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories
Science Information Services
Contract No. 14-12-467
June 1969
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As the Nation's principal conservation agency, the Department of the
Interior has basic responsibilities for water, fish, wildlife, mineral, land,
park, and recreational resources. Indian and Territorial affairs are other
major concerns of America's "Department of Natural Resources."
The Department works to assure the wisest choice in managing all our
resources so each will make its full contribution to a better United
States-now and in the future.
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FOREWORD
Selected Urban Storm Water Runoff Abstracts is a compilation of abstracts
summarizing articles from a variety of technical publications, covering the
subjects of urban runoff, storm water discharge, storm sewers, and combined
sewers-together constituting "the problem of urban drainage". Articles on
more general subjects, such as "sewerage" or "sanitary engineering", and
topics not closely related to storm water, such as "agricultural runoff", have
been excluded.
The present work represents an effort to index, expand and update the
annotated bibliography, Storm Water Runoff from Urban Areas, issued in
April 1966 by the Cincinnati Water Research Laboratory of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Administration. Among the 573 abstracts presented are 386
not previously included, which summarize articles dated both earlier and later
than 1966, so that the present compilation represents as complete a biblio-
graphic record as possible of storm water articles, up to—and to some extent
including-1968. The 187 abstracts from the 1966 edition were indexed, but
not otherwise edited or re-evaluated. For convenience, the abstracts are
classed in eleven sub-topic categories, and arranged by abstract number
within each category. Since most of the papers fit into more than one cate-
gory, the cumulative subject index at the end of the volume provides the
necessary access to individual concepts by referring to each pertinent abstract
number. Each item includes a bibliographic citation, an abstract, and a set of
indexing descriptors (subject terms listed in the Water Resources Thesaurus,
November 1966 edition) and identifiers (newly suggested subject terms). The
most important index terms are marked by an asterisk. The format of abstract
presentation follows the one used by the Department of Interior's Water
Resources Scientific Information Center for its periodical, Selected Water
Resources Abstracts.
Copies of the articles abstracted in most cases can be obtained from research
libraries covering water pollution or public health engineering literature.
Some are not generally available and may be inspected at the offices of the
Storm and Combined Sewer Pollution Control Branch, Division of Applied
Science and Technology, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
(FWPCA), Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C., 20242. None of the
articles are available for distribution by FWPCA.
Suggestions concerning the improvement of content and format, or expansion
of subject coverage in future supplements to this compilation, will be grate-
fully received.
in
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CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Subject Fields
01 Instruments and Construction Equipment
02 Overflows and Regulation Devices
03 Sewer Hydraulics
04 Sewer Systems-Combined
05 Sewer Systems—Sanitary
06 Sewer Systems—Storm Water
07 Storm Water-Quantity, Quality and Pollution
08 Surveys, Policies, and Legislation
09 Treatment Methods
10 Urban Hydrology
11 Rainfall—Runoff Relationship
Subject Index
Author Index
Organizational Index
Accession Number Index
IV
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SELECTED URBAN STORM WATER RUNOFF ABSTRACTS
01. INSTRUMENTS AND
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
A HORN FORETELLS SEWER OVERFLOWS.
AmerCity,p58, May, 1967.
Descriptors:
•Sewers.
instrumentation, 'Overflow,
A description of an electronic device in use at five
lift stations in McPherson, Kan., which warns if
sewage levels rise too high is given. When sewage
rises too high it contacts an electrode, a light
flashes and a horn blows in police headquarters.
Device saves about 100 man-hours of work/month.
A sketch and wiring diagram are given.
W69-01657
FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT.
Brit Patent 862,891.
Descriptors: *Flow measurement, 'Pipes,
'Tracers, Velocity.
A method is claimed for determining rates of fluid
flow and comparing relative rates of flow under dif-
ferent conditions in pipes, canals, or rivers, by in-
troducing a known quantity of radioactive material
and monitoring the stream to obtain a time-integral
value of the effect of the radioactivity during its
passage or transit past a given point (by integrating
the response of a radioactivity detector such as a
Geiger counter). The method is based on the
discovery that the integral or total number of
gamma or other suitable radioactive rays detected
is inversely proportional to the velocity of flow, but
is independent of the way in which the radioactivity
is spread out along a segment of the fluid stream as
the result of flow conditions.
W69-01658
PROGRESS REPORT OF THE STORM
DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. Dept. Sanit.
Eng. and Water Resources.
Report No 10: July 1, 1961 to June 30, 1962 Bal-
timore, June 1962, 187pp.
Descriptors: 'Instrument, 'Storm runoff. Rain
gages, 'Flow measurement, 'Weirs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers. Surface permeability.
The results of the project's effort to develop relia-
ble rainfall and stormwater runoff measuring in-
struments are presented. A depth type pressure
sensing device for measuring the flow at a single
point in a storm sewer, and a sharp-crested sensing
weir for measuring the runoff entering a storm-
water inlet, have been developed. It is felt that
these instruments can be employed by other agen-
cies with very few changes. The observation of
widely differing amounts of runoff from storms of
the same frequency, with changes in soil permea-
bility as a factor, is one of the other problem areas
mentioned.
W69-01659
AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES,
R. H. Babcock.
Water Wastes Eng, Vol 5, No l,pp 43-5, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Automatic control, 'Flow control,
'Instrumentation, Sewage treatment. Hydraulics.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Many specialized valves are now incorporated in
the automatic control of sanitary systems and suc-
cessful application of a control valve to a process
requires complete understanding of the hydraulics
of the system under design. Design techniques for
control problems involve flow of reagents (pH con-
trol), pipeline losses, inlet losses, outlet losses, and
fitting^ losses. In every case a valve can be con-
sidered a control of simple flow between two reser-
voirs. A valve may also be considered a variable
orifice. Derivations of sizing equations for (1)
liquids, (2) gases and (3) steam and other vapors
are given. A table presents typical valve coeffi-
cients for valve types such as butterfly, needle, and
wide range V port. Some typical valve sizing
problems are presented and solved by application
of the equations derived.
W69-01660
TV SEWER INSPECTION,
Robert H. Brindley.
Amer City, Vol 79, pp 87-89, Jan 1964.
Descriptors: 'Equipment, Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Sewer inspection.
The television sewer inspection equipment of the
Hartford, Conn., Metropolitan District is described
in the article. Inspections have proven effective in
locating house laterals, finding sewer obstructions,
and determining condition of sewers. A crew con-
sists of television operator, forward winch man, and
cable guide man. The camera can best be pulled
through the sewer by a hand winch that has reduc-
tion gears with a pulley and brace mounted in the
manhole. A direct-wire intercom with a talk-back
speaker provides communication and permits the
winch man to keep both hands free. Sewers need-
ing cleaning or flowing over one-third full are not
conducive to TV inspection. Difficulties in the use
of the equipment have been resolved: camera skids
have been modified to prevent fouling of lines; a
more powerful camera light has been installed for
use in small sewers; work has been rescheduled
when radio frequency interference occurred; and
fog has been moved through the sewers by a porta-
ble blower forcing air into the manhole.
W69-01661
LARGEST SEWER PHOTO INSPECTION,
C. E. Cannon.
Am City, Vol 80, No 1, pp 98-9, Jan 1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Sewer inspection, 'Storm sewers.
Extensive underground photographic survey, car-
ried out at Anchorage, Alaska, to assess damages
caused by earthquake, covered 600,000 ft of 8- to
21-in. sanitary and storm sewers; Inspectoline
camera equipment and Wayne 3-D Pipeline Survey
cameras were employed by two inspection groups;
methods followed to determine condition of pipe
lines.
W69-01662
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS
IN SUBURBAN AREAS,
R. W. Carter.
.U S Geol Surv Prof Pap 424-B, B.9-B. 1 1, 1961.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Hydrographs,
Land use, 'Infiltration, Peak discharge, 'Floods.
Identifiers: 'Suburban drainage, Washington, D.
C., 'Surface permeability.
Suburban development changes two of the basic
elements that determine the magnitude and timing
of the volume and peak of the flood hydrograph,
namely the average infiltration rate (which is
decreased because roofs and streets are impervi-
ous), and the lag time between rainfall excess and
the flood hydrograph (which is decreased because
of storm sewers and improvements to the principal
stream channels). The net effect of these changes
has been evaluated in the vicinity of Washington,
D. C. After analysing the data statistically, it is con-
cluded that for drainage basins larger than 4 square
miles in the Washington area the maximum effect
of complete suburban development on flood peaks
of any recurrence interval is expressed by the ratio
flood discharge (suburban): flood discharge (un-
developed )=1.8.
W69-01663
MONITORING STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
A. D. Caster.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 37, pp 1275-1280,
1965.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Water pollution control.
Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, Cincinnati (Ohio).
A description is given of the system installed at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, to detect when overflows occur from
the sewers as a result of clogging of the interceptors
with solid materials during normal dry-weather
flow. A signalling device is fitted at each intercep-
tor and the signal is transmitted to the telephone
exchange. It is hoped by this means to reduce pollu-
tion of the various creeks within the metropolitan
area.
W69-01664
NEW INSTRUMENT CAN MEASURE SEWAGE
FLOW,
A. E. Cruchley.
MunicEng,Vol 136, pp 814-815, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement. Surface
drainage, 'Sewers, 'Flowmeters.
An illustrated description is given of a new instru-
ment, developed by the Road Research Laboratory
during investigations on surface water drainage, for
recording flow in sewers. The device records varia-
tions with time in the rate of sewage flow and the
periods of time during which the flow is in excess of
certain values selected for particular study. The in-
strument is composed of a movement recorder and
a time totalizer, the latter consisting of a time base
and multiple-contact switch-unit within the move-
ment-recorder and a separate box containing a
rectifier and a battery of counters.
W69-01665
RESULTS OF RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF
LIQUID PRECIPITATION,
A. M. Dimaksyan, and N. V. Zotimov.
Am Geophysical Union, Soviet Hydrology-Selected
Papers, No 6, pp 530-7, 1965.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Radar measurement.
Correlations exist between strength of radio echo
signals and rate of precipitation; confirmation is
given that differential calibration of radar installa-
tion makes it possible to measure intensity of rain-
fall irrespective of its nature during season or in dif-
ferent years, and that method may be applied to
any type of radar station; curve of sensitivity of
radar installation in relation to characteristics of
rainfall is given.
W69-01666
TEMPORARY FLOW MEASUREMENT IN
SEWERS AND DRAINS,
M. H. Diskin.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 89, No HY4, Part 1,
July 1963.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Sewers,
'Discharge measurement, Instrumentation.
Temporary flow measurement in circular channels,
such as sewers and drains, as well as in sewers of
other cross sections, can be carried out by in-
troducing into the flow a pier-shaped element with
a bottom rounded to fit the circular invert of the
channel. The reduction in the area of flow causes a
critical section to develop in the throat so formed.
which gives a functional relationship between the
discharge and the critical depth at the throat and
also between the discharge and the depth at an up-
stream section adopted as a measuring section. The
device is, in effect, a critical depth flume, or a \Yn-
luri flume, with an irregularly shaped throat com-
posed of 2 openings on either side of the element
introduced. Applying the theory of critical depth
flumes, equations arc derived relating the discharge
1
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Field 01 —INSTRUMENTS AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
to depth at the measuring section; the equations are
solved numerically, making use of standard tables
of properties of parts of a circle. The results of ex-
periments performed on the proposed measuring
device indicate fairly close agreement between the
measured and the calculated rates of flow, most
values of the coefficient of discharge falling in the
range of 0.90 to 1.00. The experiments included
tests on 4 measuring devices, 2 in each of 2 circular
channels 10 in. and 16 in. diameter.
W69-01667
A HELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND
RECORDING FLOW IN SEWERS,
Warren Ellis, and C. Thorne Johnston.
Pub Works, Vol 94, June 1963.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, *Flow measurement, Man-
holes, 'Velocity, Roughness (Hydraulic), 'Instru-
mentation.
A method of measuring and recording flow in
sewers is given as follows. Determine the size,
length, and slope of a sewer between 2 manholes.
For known depths of flow in this sewer determine
velocities between the upper and lower manholes
by using dye test and stop watch. From the velocity
data determine roughness coefficient V through
the Manning formula. Prepare a depth-discharge
curve for the particular stretch of sewer. Using a
stage recorder, continuously record the depth of
flow in the sewer for desired period, and convert
the depth data to flow rate. A portable, spring-
wound stage recorder is used. A special ring to hold
a bubbler tube with the tube opening at the sewer
invert is mounted inside the sewer. Nitrogen gas
from a bottle is bubbled through the tube, and the
gas pressure required to discharge the gas beneath
the liquid is recorded as depth of flow on the
recorder chart. The special equipment used is
described and illustrated. Costs of equipment are
listed.
W69-OI668
SEWAGE SAMPLING,
L. B. Escritt.
Water and Waste Treatment J, Vol 8, No 10, Nov-
Decl961.
Descriptors: 'Sampling, Instrumentation, 'Sewage
treatment.
Discussion on the value of sewage sampling points
out the care that should be taken whether samples
are collected by hand or machine and describes
methods used in hand sampling, automatic
sampling, and importance of weighted samples. A
simple weighted automatic sampler of the type
used by the London County Council at outfall
works is described in detail. This sampler has no
moving parts except a pump and collects 43 sam-
ples per day totaling 4 gallons at high flows and 12
samples per day, about 1 gallon of sample, during
low flows in proportion to the flow.
W69-OI669
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEA-
SUREMENT OF SEWAGE FLOW,
H. Fathmann.
Wasser Luft Betrieb, Vol 10, pp 668-673, 1966.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Weirs, Instru-
mentation, 'Sewers.
Identifiers: "Calculations.
Quantitative measurements within a definite given
time are often required for experimental purposes
and operational research. For this purpose tank
measurements are employed, using floats and mea-
suring weirs. Stationary calculations on volume of
sewage are carried out by measurements in pres-
sure pipe lines according to the Venturi principle
or as inductive measurements for the rate of flow.
W69-01670
REPORT OF U. S. WEATHER BUREAU STU-
DIES IN RADAR HYDROLOGY,
A. F. Flanders.
Int Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Sec for Sci
Hydrology Publ No 65, pp 360-71, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages, Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Radar measurement.
Progress made by U S Weather Bureau on mea-
surement of precipitation by WSR-57 radar is
presented; various operational attempts,
techniques and applications made in field of radar-
hydrology show successes and limitations encoun-
tered as well as progress made with Radar
Precipitation Integrator; plans for utilization of
radar as continuous recording rain gage as step
toward automation in radar-hydrology-computer
area.
W69-01671
FLOW MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES,
G.D. Healy.Jr.
Instruments and Control Systems, Vol 38, No 3, pp
111-15, March 1965.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Flowmeters, In-
strumentation, 'Sewers.
Review of flow measurement techniques com-
monly used for water and sewage, volumetric me-
ters, timed volume flow, variable headmeters, pilot
tube, orifices, venturi, nozzles and open channel
techniques.
W69-01672
ADJUSTMENT OF RADAR ESTIMATES OF
STORM MEAN RAINFALL WITH RAIN GAGE
DATA,
F. A. Huff.
J Applied Meteorology, Vol 6, No 1, pp 52-6,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages, 'Rainfall intensity,
Storms.
Identifiers: 'Radar measurement.
Evaluation of feasibility of using surface rain gage
data to modify radar-rainfall equation for specific
storm conditions; data used were for 19 storms, and
study was restricted to warm-season, unstable
precipitation and to use of 10-cm radar; normal cli-
matic network was found inadequate for modifica-
tion, for area and conditions studied, if relatively
accurate estimate is needed; however, correspon-
dence of radar and rain gage patterns was much
better with 10-cm radar than it had been with 3-cm
radar.
W69-01673
A FIELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND
RECORDING FLOW IN SEWERS,
C. Thome Johnston, and Warren Ellis.
Pub Works, Vol 94, No 6, p 124,1963.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Sewers, Instru-
mentation, 'Flowmeter.
Article describes the use of a snap-ring tube jacked
into a sewer pipe in which a bubbler-tube using
nitrogen gas transfers flow depth to a recorder.
This method requires that a depth-discharge curve
be computed for a reach of sewer. Advantage is in
cost and elimination of problems of location and
operation of devices such as flumes.
W69-OI674
BUILT TO BE SEEN,
Wilsey and Ham, San Mateo. Calif.
Daniel W. Klar.
Amer City, pp 96-97. May 1967.
Descriptors-. 'Pumping, 'Storm runoff.
2
A pump station in Foster City, Calif, is described.
The station serves a community with an expected
population of 35,000 in 1977, and with an average
elevation of 4.5 ft. above sea level. The station has
a system of levees, collecting lagoons and water-
ways for storm drainage. The pumps circulate
400,000,000 gals, of water each week to keep
lagoons and waterways clean and clear. Pumping
equipment and station layout are described.
W69-01675
FLUSHING OF SEWER NETWORKS: AUTO-
MATIC DISCHARGE DEVICE,
A. Lencastre.
Mem Minist Obr Publ, Lisbon, No 109, 1957.
Descriptors: 'Automatic control, Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Sewer flushing.
Investigations were carried out on 3 automatic
discharge systems for use in flushing sewers, to
determine the effectiveness of automatic operation
even at very small rates of flow.
W69-01676
TV GOES UNDERGROUND AT FORT LAU-
DERDALE,
C. S. McKinney, R. W. Campbell, and F. C.
Funnell.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 2, pp 179-85
Feb 1966.
Descriptors: 'Equipment, Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Leak detection.
Small TV camera was used for viewing inside of
pipe lines and locating failures of PVC jointed
terra-cotta pipe to obtain data necessary to repair
constantly developing leaks; equipment included
aluminum paneled van-type truck outlined with
portable generator for power, intercom system and
radio for communications, cupboards and cabinets
for storage, and air conditioning unit to keep truck
and equipment cool for efficient operation;
camera, 6 3/4 in. in diam, had as its light source six
miniature floodlights mounted around lens.
W69-02075
SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER PROJECT,
1. B. Mackintosh.
Water Power, Vol 15, No 9, pp 361-8, Sept 1963
pp 403-8, Oct 1963.
Descriptors: 'Tunnel construction.
Identifiers: 'Mole tunneling, Canada.
Project between Government of Canada and
Province of Saskatchewan is featured that is aimed
to irrigate 500,000 acres in area affected by
droughts, develop hydroelectric power, provide
urban water supply, give flood control and provide
recreational facilities; earthmoving operations on
8000 ft long 64 million cu yd dam arc described in
conjunction with embankment construction and
construction of power intake shafts; use of 'Mole'
tunnel boring machine for tunneling through shale
W69-02076
STORM SEWER TUNNEL THREADS NEEDLE'
BETWEEN HIGHWAY BENTS,
W. D. Murphy.
Pub Works, Vol 95. No 8. pp 95-6, Aug 1964.
Descriptors: 'Tunnel construction, 'Drainage,
'Storm runoff, Highways.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, Houston (Texas).
Techniques described were used in project for
Texas Highway Dept; 11 1/2-ft boring machine was
pushed 6500 ft passing between 75 sets of proposed
freeway columns with tolerance of 18 in. on either
side; tunnel was bored under downtown Houston
on sewer project which required 6947-ft long 8
l/2-ft ID monolithic concrete storm sewer to carrv
drainage water from depressed section of Highwav
59 near center of city. '
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OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES—Field 02
W69-02077
COUNTY RAIN-GAGE NETWORK USEFUL IN
DESIGN,
A. R. Pagan, and R. Rothenberg.
Civ Eng, Vol 35, No 4, pp 68-9, April 1965.
Descriptors: *Rain gages, Design, 'Drainage
system.
Bergen County, NJ, supplements two recording
rain gages with 13 nonrecording gages read and re-
ported by unpaid volunteers; small plastic gages are
used; information gained serves to supplement data
from U S Weather Bureau for design of drainage
structures; readings in one case proved unusual
rainfall in small area and indicated no need for ad-
ditional facilities.
W69-02078
DOUBLE-BARRELED CLAY-PIPE SEWER,
Lyall A. Pardee.
Amer City, pp 82-83, Dec, 1966.
Descriptors: *Sewers, *Construction, 'Velocity,
'Corrosion, Design.
Identifiers: Los Angeles (Calif.).
A sewer line consisting of two 42 in. clay pipelines
running parallel in a common trench reinforced
with concrete bedding cradles was designed to
solve a corrosion problem in the Los Angeles area.
It replaced 7,838 feet of a reinforced concrete pipe
sewer lined with clay plates that was subject to acid
attack. The section replaced was part of a gravity
line following a steep grade. A combination of the
high-velocity flow and H2SO4 concentration
caused corrosion of the concrete at a rapid rate.
Design and construction of the new clay pipeline
are briefly discussed.
W69-02079
FLOW MEASUREMENT,
V. C. Parker.
Louisiana State Urav-Div Eng Res-Bui 89, pp 116-
27,1967.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Flowmeters,
Weirs.
Measurement of water and waste-water flow with
rate-of-flow meters and quantity meters; design and
application of rate-of-flow meters discussed in-
cludes variable-head, variable area-constant head,
electromagnetic, and sonic velocity meters; rough
field measurements; features of rectangular, V-
notch, trapezoidal, parabolic notch, and broad-
crested weirs are reviewed.
W69-02080
THE SYSTEMATIC ERROR IN RAINFALL
MEASUREMENT,
J. C. Rodda.
J Inst Water Eng, Vol 21, No 2, pp 173-177, March
1967.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages, 'Standards, Rain.
Various methods for overcoming the effect of wind
on the amount of rain collected by a rain gauge are
discussed. It has been found that a rain guage at
ground level gives the measurement approaching
closest to the real rainfall, but this is still not the
real solution to the problem. No absolute standard
for rainfall measurement is yet available, as there is
for stream flow, and it appears to the author that
only a small amount of progress is possible without
one. In the past a simple rule has been adopted -
that the guage giving the largest catch is the best.
The author feels that this cannot be sufficient
justification for a guage in the future; neither can
the use of a particular guage for 100 years be used
as an adequate reason for continuing to use it.
W69-0208I
RADAR ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL,
A. P. Ryan.
J Hydrology, New Zealand, Vol 5, No 2, pp 100-
110,1966.
Descriptors: 'Instrumentation, 'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Radar measurement. Calculations.
By calibration of equipment, power back-scattered
to radar by precipitation can be measured; power
back-scattered depends on reflectivity of precipita-
tion, which in turn depends on form of drop-size
distribution; rainfall rate is also function of drop
size distribution, and empirical relationship exists
between reflectivity and rainfall rate; using this
relation, measurements of received power permit
estimate of rainfall rate; trials conducted overseas
suggest that accuracy of factor of two can be
achieved with suitable equipment on all occasions.
W69-02082
GAUGE FOR CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING
RATE OF RAINFALL,
R. A. Semplak.
Rev Sci Instruments, Vol 37, No 11, pp 1554-8,
Nov 1966.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages, Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
In gage, water flows through channel type capaci-
tor which is coupled to oscillator, thus frequency of
output voltage changes with rain rate; calibration
curve can be expressed mathematically as sum of
two exponentials; 100 gages were fabricated and
calibrated, and statistics of these calibrations are
presented; based upon measured data, capacitance
rain gages are found suitable for situations where
continuous rainfall rate data are desired; output of
gage is in form readily adapted for computer reduc-
tion.
W69-02083
AUSTRALIA DEVELOPS NEW SCIENTIFIC
EQUIPMENT TO ASSESS WATER
RESOURCES,
I. Stuart.
Water and Water Eng, Vol 70, No 850, pp 515-17,
Dec 1966.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages. Instrumentation.
Identifiers: Australia.
Tilting bucket rain gage was developed and manu-
factured by Rimco, Melbourne; bucket, housed in
standard 8 in. gage, tilts every time 0.01 in. of rain
falls on it and tilting sends out electrical impulse
which may operate counter located at gage or may
be recorded on charts or tape either at gage or at
distance; this gage bucket is gold-plated to reduce
surface tension and to help water run more easily.
W69-02084
TV INSPECTION OF SEWERS IMPROVES
REPAIR PROGRAM,
H. T. Thomquist.
Public Works, p 73, Feb 1966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Sewer inspection.
A miniature TV camera (used to inspect sewers 15
inches and smaller in diameter in Seattle, Wash.) is
described in detail. Procedure for inspection is also
described. An average day's inspection covers
1,200 ft. of sewer at an average cost of 19 cents/ft.
The TV inspection has made it possible to extend
the program of scheduled repairs. A savings of ap-
proximately 1 /3 is estimated when repairs can be
scheduled on a routine basis.
W69-02085
RAINFALL RECORDERS-COMPARISON OF
DIFFERENT TYPES,
H. W. Underbill.
Int Assn Sci Hydrology-Bui, Vol 11, No 3, pp 50-5,
Sept 1966.
Descriptors:
Siphons.
'Rain gages. Instrumentation,
Comparison was made of available recording rain
gages; practical experience with certain of these in-
struments showed that points of design which are of
particular interest are clock mechanism, siphoning
time and frequency, tipping time and frequency, in-
ternal constrictions, dribbling siphon and verticali-
ty of pen travel.
W69-02086
ELBOW METER MEASURES FLOW,
P. A. Vesilind, and F. E. McJunkin.
Pub Works, Vol 98, No 12, pp 80-81, Dec 1967.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Flowmeter,
'Sewer hydraulics.
Elbow meter used for measuring flow rate of water
in piping systems is described; any elbow in system
may be used and it is not necessary to disassemble
piping to install meter; elbow may be in any posi-
tion—horizontal or vertical; pipe must be flowing
full, however, during calibration and operation.
W69-02087
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAMPLING AND GAG-
ING UNIT,
R. B. Weidner, S. R. Weibel, and G. G. Robeck.
Pub Works, Vol 99, No 1, pp 78-80, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Sampling, 'Instru-
mentation, Automatic control.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Urban hydrology.
Unit for sampling storm-water runoff from various
environments on time-proportioned or flow-pro-
portioned basis was developed by Cincinnati, Ohio,
Water Research Laboratory to facilitate urban
storm-water runoff studies; operation of sampler is
dependent on sufficient amount of rainfall to start
electrical and cooling systems, and predetermined
amount of runoff to activate sampling section.
W69-02088
SEWER DEPTH OF FLOW DETERMINATION,
RobcrtC. Wilging.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 109, 103. March
1962.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Pumping, Manholes, 'Flow
measurement. Storm runoff.
Identifiers: Storm sewers, 'Capacity.
A procedure to determine the present sewer
capacity available to receive pumped sewage from
adjacent areas is described. Sticks, one by one inch,
grooved on one side and provided with glass vials
were placed in selected sewer manholes. Ap-
propriate numbers of vials, regularly checked, pro-
vided information of the maximum flow occurring
in the period between readings. Information on the
influence of rainfall on the flow of sewers in certain
areas not served by storm sewers was collected.
The information obtained helped to place pumped
sewage in areas where sewers were not overloaded
even after heavy rainy conditions.
W69-02089
02. OVERFLOWS AND
REGULATION DEVICES
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION OF SIDE
WEIRS AS STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
P. Ackers.
Instn Civ Engrs Proc. London. Vol 6, pp 250-69,
Discussion pp 328-43. Fcb 1957.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Weirs, 'Storm runoff.
Spillways. Discharge (Water), 'Velocity.
-------
Field 02—OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES
Combining Bernoullis theorem and weir discharge
formula, equation for water profile at side spillway
can be derived, making allowance for variation in
channel velocity; weir coefficient, velocity varia-
tion and extent of draw down are considered in
relation to G.S. Coleman and D. Smith's results and
simplified design formula are given; insertion of dip
plates may reduce discharge if clearances are small.
W69-01677
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS INCORPORATING STORAGE,
P. Ackers, A. J. M. Harrison, and A. J. Brewer.
Instn Mun Engrs J, Vol 95, No 1, pp 31-7, Jan
1968.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Hydraulic design, Weirs,
Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tank, Capacity.
Consequences of designing storm overflows to spill
all discharges over set value, regardless of dynamic
behavior of storm flow, are considered; it is con-
cluded that it is desirable to avoid spilling first part
of storm wave and method of calculating its volume
is presented; necessary volume of storage tank to
contain flush downstream of overflow weirs is con-
sidered; equations describing rate of rise of level in
tanks of rectangular and circular cross-sections are
solved for case of uniformly increasing rate of in-
flow within range of overflow settings; design ex-
ample is given on calculation of volume of tank for
overflow.
W69-01678
LABORATORY STUDIES OF STORM OVER-
FLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
P. Ackers, A. J. M. Harrison, and A. J. Brewer.
Symp on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Weirs,
'Stilling basins, 'Model studies. Instrumentation,
Water pollution, 'Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
Models of four types of typical overflows: (1) a low
side weir, (2) a stilling pond, (3) a vortex with cen-
tral spill, and (4) a storage overflow with high side
weir, were tested at two pipe slopes, 1:500 and
1:100. The model overflows were installed in turn
at the downstream end of the pipe. The salinities of
the base flow, the spilled water and water passed to
treatment were measured by electrical conductivity
meters. Suspended and floating materials were in-
troduced into the pipe by screw-feed injector,
heavier material being put in by hand upstream.
Solids were collected by sieves. The tests were di-
vided into two categories: (a) those investigating
the discharge of dissolved pollution and (b) those
studying the behavior of bed load and suspended
and floating solids. Each structure was first tested
with saline-base flow and fresh-water storm waves
of I, 2, 3, and 4 mins. duration. Recorder charts
were analyzed for each structure and the duration
of each test in turn, to obtain the discharge time
curves shown. The proportions of pollutants spilled
to the wave duration are shown by graphs as well as
the average concentrations of pollutants in the spill
as proportions of a base flow concentration each
for salt, polystyrene, bakelite, polythene, and
polythene with scum boards.
W69-01679
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF PUMPING IN-
STALLATIONS,
I. M. E. Aitken, and R. A. F. Craven.
Effluent and Water Treatment Convention, Lon-
don, 1965. 10pp.
Descriptors: 'Pumping, Automatic control, 'Over-
flow.
In discussing the application of automatic control
devices in sewage pumping stations, the authors
describe and give a schematic diagram of a single-
range control system in which two electrode probes
in the inflow-reception sump arc used in conjunc-
tion with a simple programme controller to control
the operation of a number of single-speed pumps of
different ratings which can be brought into service
in different combinations. The same system can
also be used to adjust the rate of pumping in rela-
tion to the amount of storm-water overflow and to
control the rate of pumping in the recirculation of
effluent at sewage works. The basic principles of
the system are also applicable when other level-
sensing devices are used instead of the electrode
probes in the reception sump.
W69-01680
PERMISSIBLE WATER POLLUTION AT COM-
BINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
G. Akerlindh.
Sewage WorksJ, Vol 21, No6, p 1059, 1949.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Water pollution, Dis-
solved oxygen, Coliforms.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
By plotting the hours duration of storm-water over-
flow against allowable D.O. content and coliform
density in the stream, on double log diagrams, the
author presents a method for estimating the per-
missible storm water overflow in a receiving body
of water.
W69-01681
PRELIMINARY GUIDANCE FOR THE CALCU-
LATION AND DESIGN OF STORM-SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED SEWAGE
SYSTEMS.
Abwassertechnische Vereinigung, 1962. 26 p.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Rainfall-runoff relation-
ships, 'Design.
Identifiers: Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers.
Based on existing information on rainfall and run-
off in sewerage systems, preliminary measures are
suggested for the calculation and design of storm-
sewage overflows by determining the critical inten-
sity of rainfall at which an overflow first occurs,
which is illustrated by nomograms. This method of
calculation is not as straightforward as the existing
dilution process but it has the advantage that pre-
dictions can be made on both the frequency of
operation and the duration of the overflow. It is
these criteria which determine the state of pollu-
tion in the receiving water and permit a uniform
and even treatment of the storm-sewage overflow
in a cross section of the channel. This confirms the
usefulness of this method, since heavy rainfall in
sewerage systems can be retained, thus reducing
the polluting load on the receiving water.
W69-01682
KENT SEWERAGE WORKS FOR 9000 PEO-
PLE.
Munic Eng, Lond, Vol 142, p 1803,1965.
Descriptors: Overflow. Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
A description with plan is given of improvements
planned by Eastry R.D.C., Kent, to the sewerage
system for St. Nicholas-at-Wade, Monkton and
Minster. The existing treatment plant at Minster,
which provides complete treatment by biological
filtration, is to be enlarged to deal with a dry-
weather flow of about 300,000 gal per day. Storm-
water tanks will receive flows of from three to six
times the dry-weather flow.
W69-OI683
SKIPTON-SILSDEN SEWERAGE FINISHED
AHEAD OF SCHEDULE.
Munic Eng, Lond, Vol 140, p 1344,1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Sedimenta-
tion, Weirs.
Identifiers: Storage tanks.
In a recently completed joint sewerage scheme for
Skipton rural district and Silsden urban district,
Yorks., all the sewage from the area will be con-
veyed to the Keighley disposal works by an exten-
sion of the Keighley sewers up the Aire valley. Six
small sewage works will be abandoned, but at Sil-
sden and Stelton storm water will overflow to sedi-
mentation tanks at the old works before discharge
to the river Aire. There are also five overflow weirs
on existing sewers with direct discharges to the
nearest watercourse. A pumping station on the site
of the Kildwick works will pump sewage from Farn-
hill and Kildwick across the river Aire by a rising
main to join the main sewer.
W69-01684
NEWTHORPE, NOTTS., SEWAGE DISPOSAL
WORKS.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 130, No 3923 pp 18-
19,55,1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
A description, with a flow diagram of treatment
facilities and a map of the sewerage area involved,
is given of new works to be constructed jointly by
Basford R.D.C. and Eastwood U.D.C., Notts. A
new sewage works at Newthorpe, designed to treat
a flow of 18 m.g.d. by biological filtration with
recirculation of effluent, will replace 7 existing
works; flows in excess of 18 m.g.d. will pass to 3
storm-water tanks. Primary sludge will be treated
by Paxman sludge concentrator units, and humus
sludge will be returned to the main inlet.
W69-01685
RELIEVING OVERLOAD ON TAMWORTH
SEWAGE WORKS.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 129, No 3905, p 59
1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Storm runoff, Irrigation,
Sewage lagoons.
At Tamworth, Staffs., as in interim measure until
new works are constructed, effluents from the fil-
ters and sedimentation tanks, as well as storm-
sewage overflows, are collected in a 150,000-gal
lagoon and distributed on to 44 acres of grassland
by spray irrigation. The irrigated area is divided
into 3 plots, and an 8-wcck resting period is al-
lowed for each plot.
W69-01686
PVC SEA OUTFALL IN HUNSTANTON
SEWAGE SCHEME.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 128, No 3876, pp 22-
24, 1966.
Descriptors: Outlets, Storm runoff, 'Overflow,
'Pumping, Automatic control. Plastic pipes.
An illustrated description, with a plan of the outfall
pumping station, is given of the installation at Hun-
stanton, Norfolk, of a 10-in diameter polyvi-
nylchloride submarine outfall 0.5 mile long, con-
sisting of 20-ft lengths of pipe with acetone cement
joints. Subsidiary pumps convey crude sewage to
the outfall pumping station; at low tide and normal
rates of flow the outfall conveys the sewage under
gravity, but at high tide or for high rates of flow the
pipeline becomes surcharged and the outfall pumps
operate automatically when an overflow sump fills.
Provision is made at the pumping station for com-
minution, the disintegrator being controlled auto-
matically by a lunar clock to operate when the tide
is ebbing. Flows in excess of 4.5 times the dry-
weather flow arc discharged through a separate
storm-sewage outfall, a cast-iron pipe extending to
the mid-tide mark.
W69-01687
-------
OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES—Field 02
NEW SEWAGE WORKS COMMISSIONED AT
LEICESTER.
Survr Munic Engr, Vol 124, No 3773, pp 25-27,
Sept. 26, 1964.
Descriptors: *Overflow, *Storm runoff, Weirs,
Pumping.
Identifiers: Storage tanks.
These works are designed for a dwf of over 20 mil-
lion gal and are capable of extension to treat 22 1/2
million gal. On reception, sewage passes through
screens and detritors, screenings being returned to
flow through disintegrators; washers clean the grit,
which is then pumped to a tip at the edge of the
works. A weir overflows storm water in excess of
85 million gal/d direct to the River Soar; the
residual flow is lifted 12 ft by 6 centrifugal pumps
to permit gravitation through the works. Two of
these pumps, each of which has a capacity of 7,500
gal/min, are driven by variable-speed motors con-
trolled by electrodes in the pump well, which al-
lows for changes in flow. Two 24-in. diesel-driven
pumps are used for pumping to the storm water
tanks.
W69-01688
CHICAGO STUDIES PLAN FOR CON-
TROLLING COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 113, pp 235-36,
July 1966.
Descriptors: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewer, Storm
runoff, Treatment.
Identifiers: Storage tanks, Chicago (III.).
A plan is outlined to temporarily store storm water
from overloaded and overflowing combined sewers
in subterranean chambers and to later treat the pol-
luted water before its discharge into waterways.
W69-01689
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR DEALING
WITH STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS IN
SEWERS AND LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
Longwood Engineering Co., Ltd.
Brit Patent 1,023,311.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Sewers,
'Drainage systems, Outlets.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
The equipment claimed for dealing with storm-
sewage overflows in sewerage and other drainage
systems comprises a bay fitted with a trough or
channel which has walls of unequal height and a
mouth covered with a filter screen which can be
cleaned by a rake or rakes rotating in the direction
of flow of water through the bay. Under normal
conditions of flow, water passes through the bay
direct to the foul sewer, but under storm conditions
the increased flow causes a build-up of pressure in
the bay so that water and floating trash flows over
the lower wall of the trough and through the screen
to the storm-sewage outlet; trash is swept from the
screen by the rake (s) over the higher wall into a
trash pit and thence to the foul sewer.
W69-01690
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON STORM OVER-
FLOWS AND THE DISPOSAL OF STORM
SEWAGE.
London, Ministry of Housing and Local Govern-
ment, 1963. 16pp.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Discharge
(Water), Sewage treatment, Design.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids. 'Storage tanks.
In the interim report of the Technical Committee
which was set up in May 1955 to study and report
on storm overflows and the disposal of storm
sewage, present practice in the discharge of storm
sewage is reviewed; investigations arc reported on
storm water in 3 drainage areas, Northampton,
Brighouse, and Bradford, on the use and operation
of storm tanks at sewage works in Tunbridge Wells
and Stoke-on-Trent, and on the characteristics of
different types of storm overflow; and preliminary
conclusions are drawn, particularly with regard to
the volumetric setting of storm overflows, the
design of overflows to reduce pollution (by provid-
ing storage for the first flush of storm sewage and
minimizing the amount of floating and heavy-solid
polluting material in the overflowing sewage), and
the treatment of storm sewage at the sewage works.
It is recommended that each sewerage authority
should review existing arrangements for the
disposal of storm sewage, and the information
required in making this assessment is listed.
W69-01691
STORM WATER OVERFLOWS. THE USE OF
SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
R. N. Barrett.
J Instn Munic Engrs, Vol 85, pp 33-42,1958.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Siphons, Weirs, 'Storm
runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The author describes experiences at Ipswich in the
design and operation of siphon overflows for
removal of excess storm water from combined
sewerage systems. Siphon overflows are considered
to have certain advantages over the more com-
monly used side-weir overflows.
W69-01692
DESIGN OF UNDERWATER STORM WATER
OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEM,
J.S. Blossom.
Piping and Air Condit, Vol 40, No 4, pp 126-30,
April 1968.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow,
Runoff, Outlets, 'Flow measurement, 'Instrumen-
tation.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Combined sewers,
'Interceptor sewers, 'Suspended solids, 'Capacity.
Sequence of operation of underwater storm water
overflow storage system using flexible tanks is
described; combined sewer carries runoff from
drainage area; dry weather flow connection carries
normal sanitary flow to interceptor, and overflow
sewer carries storm water to river outfall; diversion
structure of sewer diverts flow to storage system;
incorporated in structure is flume to measure flow;
suspended solids analysis of overflow; capacity
analysis of underwater storm water overflow
storage system, based on 11 yr of rainfall data.
W69-01693
DRAW-DOWN AND OTHER FACTORS RELAT-
ING TO DESIGN OF STORM-WATER OVER-
FLOWS ON SEWERS,
C. D. C. Braine.
J Instn Civ Eng, Vol 28, No 6, pp 136-63, April
1947.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Sewers,
'Siphons, 'Stilling basins, 'Drawdown, Design.
Calculations for critical depth and draw-down;
description of storm water overflows of restricted
flow; stilling pond and siphon types.
W69-01695
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWINDON,
1962 - 1967,
W. F. Carmichael.
Meeting of the Institute of Water Pollution Con-
trol, Central Southern Branch, March 27,1968.
Descriptors: Storms. 'Automatic control. Sewage
treatment, 'Equipment, 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks,Capacity.
The sewage plant, its equipment, and operation are
described. In dry weather, only one screen is used.
It is operated by a time-clock for five minutes in
every fifteen. In time of storms both screens are
operated continuously by hand. There are 2 No.
detritors with vortex grit washers. Both detritor
scrapers, air lift pumps and vortex washers are
operated continuously. Three stormwater over-
flows are controlled by an automatic penstock and
standing wave flume. All overflows discharge into a
single circular stormwater tank 200 ft. in diameter
and of 2 mil. gal. capacity. Effluent from this tank
overflows onto 11 acres of underdrained storm-
water land.
W69-01696
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW-HEAD
SELF-PRIMING SIPHONS,
C. D. C. Braine.
Survr, Vol 116, pp 1141-43, Nov 2, 1957.
Descriptors: Design, 'Siphons, 'Weirs, 'Storm ru-
noff, 'Overflow, Sewers, Discharge (Water).
Small self-priming siphons have advantages over
weirs for storm water overflows and other water
level regulating uses in sewers and canals. They arc
as a rule cheaper than weirs provided that at least
one foot of head is available. The siphon is more
flexible in operation than a weir. Siphons cnn be
made very sensitive, and by admitting air in limited
quantities, their discharge can be varied con-
siderably. Also installations of a battery of several
siphons permits flexibility of discharge. Nine illus-
trations of siphon designs are given. Self-priming of
a siphon is achieved by allowing a sheet of water to
flow over the whole width of the crest so that as the
sheet falls it strikes the opposite wall of the siphon.
The falling sheet of water entrains air with it and
carries it down to the outlet so that the siphon very
quickly primes. A formula for estimating the
discharge of circular siphons flowing full is given.
W69-01964
STORM SEWAGE SEPARATION BY HELICAL
MOTION,
C. H. Dobbic, and J. W. Wiclogorski.
Survr Munic Cty Engr. Vol 127, No 3839, pp 141-
159, 1963.
Descriptors; 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Weirs,
'Model studies.
An improved storm-sewage overflow is proposed,
incorporating bends in the channel which produce
helical flow, separating heavier materials and al-
lowing the less-polluting liquid to flow over a weir
along the outer wall of the channel. Tests are being
conducted on a hydraulic model, which is illus-
trated, and it is hoped to incorporate this type of
overflow in an existing sewerage system soon.
W69-02090
MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS AND
THEIR EFFECT ON THE SEWAGE WORKS
AND THE RECEIVING STREAM,
B. Erfmunn.
Technische-Wisscnschaftlichc Mitt, No 3,1960.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Water
pollution, 'Weirs, Design, 'Model studies.
Investigations with a model plant arc described into
the effect of the design and position of storm-water
overflows on the distribution of polluting mutter
between the sewage works and the stream. Weir
designs which ensure that the greatest possible
amount of polluting matter passes to the scwugc
works arc discussed.
W69-02091
THE PERFORMANCE OF STILLING PONDS IN
HANDLING SOLIDS,
M. R. Frederick.
-------
Field 02—OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES
In Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: 'Stilling basins, Storm runoff,
Discharge (Water), *Weirs, Design, Siphons,
Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, Capacity.
The total capacity of a stilling pond may be suffi-
cient to prevent discharge in storms of short dura-
tion and moreover, the solids dislodged from the
sewer in the early part of the storm flow may be
retained and passed into the sewer when flow sub-
sides. The behavior of gross solids was investigated
to determine how the pond may be proportioned to
minimize the quantity of solids in the discharge.
The essential features of the type of stilling pond
under consideration are illustrated, as well as the
form and action of the air-regulated siphon and the
water circuit. The experiments were arranged first
to establish a valid technique on a pond of specified
geometry, and then to use this technique to ex-
amine and develop geometrical shapes which ap-
peared to offer the possibility of high efficiency.
Tests were made to compare the performance of a
rectangular stilling pond with that of a side weir
and that of a fan-shaped chamber with an end weir.
The rectangular design is shown to be superior in
its handling of gross solids. From the tests and with
VC (1/2)D/U as a parameter, recommendations
are given for design dimensions of: (a) pond size,
(b) siphon type and position, (c) scum board size,
and (d) invert shape. The efficiency of a pond thus
designed may be obtained from given curves.
W69-02092
STORM FLOWS FROM COMBINED
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS IN THREE AREAS,
A. L. H. Gameson, R. N. Davidson, and J. M.
Threlfall.
Instn Publ. Hlth Engrs J, Vol 64, pp 182-208,1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Discharge
(Water).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Calculations.
Results are given of investigations at Northampton,
Brighouse, and Bradford on the frequency and du-
ration of operation of storm-sewage overflows on
combined sewerage systems and on the volume of
storm sewage discharged, since this knowledge is
required when determining the optimal setting for
an overflow. From the results, equations have been
developed which were found to fit not only the data
from these three systems but also those from a par-
tially-separate system at Luton; some examples are
given of the use of the equations to determine the
setting so that the overflow would operate only on a
certain number of occasions per year or that the
average yearly discharge should be a certain per-
centage of the rainfall.
W69-02093
USE OF STORM WATER OVERFLOWS ON
SEWERS: THEIR DESIRABILITY, AND RISKS
OF POLLUTION,
J. H. Gamer.
Survr,Voll08,pl3l, 1949.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Sewers, 'Water pollution,
'Storm runoff.
Considerable pollution of surface waters is caused
by sewage discharged from storm water overflows.
Author considers that in many cases improvement
could be effected by reducing the number or alter-
ing the position of overflows and in some instances
larger volumes could be treated at the sewage
works.
W69-02094
STORM-WATER CONTROL BY SIPHON
SPILLWAYS AT EARLSWOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, REIGATE,
J. M. Harwood.
J Inst Sew Purif, Pt 2,1960.
Descriptors: 'Siphons, 'Spillways, 'Storm runoff,
•Weirs.
At the Earlswood sewage works of Reigate, Surrey,
storm water was formerly separated by means of a
normal side weir following the line of the main inlet
channel, but this was not satisfactory. It was there-
fore decided to install a series of siphon spillways.
The reasons for this decision are listed, and details
of the installation are described.
W69-02095
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF STORM
OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
K. Mutton.
Contract Rec, Vol 10, No 23,p 13,1959.
Descriptors: 'Stilling basins, 'Overflow, 'Flow
control, 'Storm runoff. Discharge (Water),
Velocity, 'Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
The stilling pond overflow pipe, which provides the
most efficient means for the separation of 6 times
the dry weather flow from storm water flows, and
for removing suspended solids from storm water, is
described, and the one in use at Mixenden is
presented diagrammatically. Tests carried out at
Halifax on this type of overflow and its calibration
are given in detail, and show the variation between
discharges allowed for in design and those met with
in practice. Equations are derived for the deter-
mination of several factors including the hydraulic
gradient, velocity head, and friction loss. From the
studies so far carried out, it was concluded that the
stilling pond is the best type of storm overflow at
present in general use.
W69-02096
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND WITH
SIPHON OVERFLOW,
P. M. Jarrett, H. F. Griffiths, and E. Markland.
Civ Eng Publ Works Rev, Vol 59,346,1964.
Descriptors: 'Stilling basins, 'Model studies,
•Siphons, 'Overflow, 'Water pollution control,
'Storm runoff, Weirs, Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
The use of stilling ponds is considered to be the
most effective way of reducing pollution from
storm-water overflows, since an efficient stilling
pond should retain much of the solid matter
discharged during the first flush of storm water and
subsequently pass it down the sewer as the level
falls. The authors have carried out preliminary tests
on a model stilling pond equipped with a siphon in
place of the usual overflow weir; the results, which
are discussed briefly, warrant more detailed in-
vestigations, using suspended particles of various
sizes over a continuously graded spectrum of
specific gravity, to establish optimal proportions
for stilling ponds with siphon overflows.
W69-02097
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE
HYDRAULIC DIMENSIONING OF STATIONA-
RY RAIN OVERFLOWS,
J.Jehne.
Wasserwirtsch-Wassertech. Vol 17, No 4, pp 121-
127, April 1968.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Hydraulics, 'Storm ru-
noff, Dilution, Sewage sludge.
After presenting the weak points of the notion
'dilution' in hydraulic measurement of stationary
rain overflows, the author recommends the specific
content (related to the unit of water amount) of
one or more components (specific load) as the
criteria for the admissible load of the receiving
stream. The developed formulas permit: the calcu-
lation of the expected upper limit value of the
specific load and the calculation of the overflows;
the numerical expression of the conditions in case
of more overflows from the same collector; and
exact information about the effects of sludge whirl-
up in the collector or about the imperfect mixing of
the individual incoming and outcoming amounts.
The influence on the load can be expressed by the
(temporary or continuous) magnitude change in
one of the load determining factors.
W69-02098
A CONTRIBUTION TO HYDRAULIC CALCU-
LATIONS ON LATERALLY-BAFFLED STORM.
SEWAGE OVERFLOWS, ^^
G.J.Kallwass.
Thesis, Technische Hochschule, Hannover, 1964
165pp.
Descriptors: Design, 'Hydraulic design, 'Over-
flow, 'Storm runoff, Weirs, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
In connexion with the design of storm-sewage over-
flows, pilot-plant experiments were carried out at
the Institut fur Hydromechanik, Hannover, to cal-
culate the conditions of flow before and after
passage over a weir at varying angles, taking into
consideration geometrical characteristics when cal-
culating the discharge after a peak load. The equa-
tion used for the calculation is based on those for
overflowing weirs.
W69-02099
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OF RAIN-
WATER OVERFLOWS,
G.J.Kallwass.
Gas-Wasserfach, Vol 109, No 6, pp 150-155, 1968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Outlets,
•Weirs, Flow measurement, 'Instrumentation'
•Model studies.
Rainwater overflows with high weirs and throttled
outlet systems have recently been used to limit the
load of receiving streams. The infeed system lying
above the weir limits the duration and frequency of
the overflow. The efficiency of the throttle line is
determined by the diameter, the length, and the
slope of the bottom of the line. Because of high
costs it is not advisable to undertake any recon-
struction of the throttling line or to construct it be-
hind already existing non-throttled rainwater over-
flows. The same holds true for repairs of errors
caused by incorrect calculations. In such cases, use
is made of the throttle stop. Located above the
canal network outlet, the stop closes the flow in the
upper infeed section of the network. A method is
described to calculate one-sided rainwater over-
flows with throttle stops. This method can be ap-
plied in almost all cases in which, in the infeed por-
tion, a normal streaming run-off (t sub N> t sub gr)
is observed or in which, in the case of a shooting
normal run-off (t sub N< t sub gr), a streaming
run-off above the weir can be forced (S sub N< S
sub o). The parameters required for the calcula-
tions were obtained on models with circular pipes.
However, they can be applied for other cross sec-
tions as well, provided the same conditions arc ob-
served.
W69-02100
THE STORAGE AND DISCHARGE CAPACI-
TIES OF SEWERAGE AND THE OPERATING
FREQUENCY OF STORM OVERFLOWS-
DUTCH METHOD OF CALCULATION,
A.C.J.Koot.
Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: 'Discharge (Water), 'Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Pumping.
Identifiers: 'Capacity, Surface permeability, 'Cal-
culations.
This system is based on the principle that a system
must be filled before diluted sewage is discharged
into the surface water. It assumes that pan of the
precipitation received in the impervious area- (a)
flows into the sewerage system; (b) is discharged or
-------
OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES—Field 02
pumped off near the end of the main sewer; and (c)
may be discharged into the surface water via storm
overflows. Calculations are restricted to those for
the static storage capacity. The figure calculated is
the capacity of the sewer pipes between the top of
the lowest overflow (s) and the highest water level
in the sump of the pumping station, or level at
discharge. The available discharge capacity is con-
sidered, with schematic representations for both
flat and sloping areas shown. A scatter diagram of
the amount of rain in nun's plotted against the du-
ration of the rain in minutes for 195 showers of
more than 7 mm. which fell in DeBilt, Utrecht,
between 1938 and 1948 is also included. On the
basis of the given assumptions, it is possible to
determine the approximate number of showers giv-
ing rise to overflow of sewage for the 11 year
period.
W69-02101
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY OF STORM
WATER OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
RLohfT.
Gesundheits-Ing, Vol 75, pp 397-9,1954.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Water
pollution, Discharge (Water), Design, 'Sewage
sludge.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The author discusses the problem of pollution of
streams by storm water overflows and methods of
reducing both the amount of storm water thus
discharged and the polluting matter carried. Al-
terations in the design of the overflow are sug-
gested with special attention to increasing the
height of the overflow sill to form a storage
chamber where sludge washed from the sewer
could collect.
W69-02102
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH
STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
J. E. McKee.
Sewage Works J, Vol 20, pp 589-90,1948.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Rainfall
intensity.
Identifiers: 'Boston (Mass), 'Interceptor sewers,
'Combined sewers. Capacity.
Data are given on the rainfall at Boston, Mass.; the
effect of rainfall on the flow of intercepting sewers
of the combined sewerage system; the proportion
of sewage in storm water overflows, and the
frequency of overflow. It was found that storm
water runoff equal in volume to the dry weather
flow of domestic sewage was produced when rain-
fall was 0.01 in/hr. When twice the average dry
weather flow was intercepted about 2.7% of the
total amount of domestic sewage overflowed. Over-
flow occurred about 5-6 times/month in the
summer. The effects of increasing the capacity of
the interceptors on the amount of sewage in the
overflow and on the frequency of overflow is
discussed.
W69-02103
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH
STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
J. E. McKee.
J Boston Soc Civ Eng, Vol 34, No 2, pp 55-80,
April 1947.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Rainfall
intensity.
Identifiers: 'Boston (Mass), 'Interceptor sewers,
•Combined sewers. Capacity.
In comtemplating design of intercepting sewers,
relation between storm run-off and sewage; and
similar problems were studied at Boston, Mass;
data on rainfall and rainfall probability; run-off
from low intensity rainfall; relation between run-off
and dry weather sanitary flow; duration and extent
of sewage overflows; effect of interceptor capacity
on frequency of overflow of sanitary sewage.
W69-02104
ONE WAY TO BYPASS A LARGE SEWER,
Charles A. Manganaro.
Water Works and Wastes Eng, Vol 1, pp 46-47,
July 1964.
Descriptors: 'Automatic control. Instrumentation,
'Overflow, Design.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
A unique plug valve designed to permit automatic
bypass of an 84 in. trunk sewer has been installed
by the Bergen County Sewer Authority in New Jer-
sey. An overflow chamber was constructed over
the 84 in. line just before the sewer crosses the
Hackensack River. The valve consists of a large cir-
cular plate with a continuous circular ncoprene
gasket riveted to the underside to prevent infiltra-
tion of water due to tidal conditions and also to seal
against odors when not operating. The cylinder,
mounted on the underside of the plate, acts as a
buoyant force and the lift is counteracted by the
addition of lead ballast into the cylinder. The valve
is designed to lift when the gradient of the sewer is
2 in. above the top of the overflow chamber. Side
guides set around the cylinder keep the valve cen-
tered. Valve stops are mounted above the overflow
chamber to prevent the valve from being lifted out
of the opening. The complete valve, weighing
about 4,000 Ib, can be lifted for inspection by
means of jacks.
W69-02105
RECONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLOWS,
W. H. G. Mercer.
In Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Storms,
Design.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Suspended solids.
The policy adopted by the city of Rochdale to ac-
cept all liquid trade wastes made it necessary to re-
calculate the loads on the entire system. This recal-
culation led to the decision to reconstruct some of
the original storm sewage overflows to accept the
additional loads. Since a large number were in-
volved it was decided to reconstruct one overflow
on an experimental basis first. Part of the experi-
ment was to determine the conditions when a storm
occurred which only just put the overflow into
operation. The effect of surcharging the sewer be-
fore allowing the overflow to begin was that nearly
all floating matter was held back some distance up-
stream. Matters of public relations undertaken
when an overflow in a shopping area was recon-
structed are given in detail. Although the work on
overflows has formed part of a comprehensive pro-
gram, the reconstruction of each had its particular
problems. Ultimate design was dependent on a
number of existing factors, some fixed and some
varying with limits. As work progressed, it was ob-
served that: (a) a far greater volume of sewage was
being passed to the sewage works; and (b) the
discharge of floating matter to the water courses
during storms was decreasing.
W69-52106
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
P. R. Oakley.
In Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967, sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff.
Hydraulics, Stilling basins. Equipment, 'Weirs.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
The extent that the ideals of theory can be realized
in the practical design of storm sewage overflows is
discussed with special emphasis on efficiency and
reliability. Two tests of efficiency for storm water
overflows are: (a) hydraulic performance, and (b)
separation of suspended solids. Hydraulic efficien-
cy implies that overflow does not commence pre-
maturely and that the base flow does not vary with
the rate of overflow. The two possible approaches
to efficiency in separation of solids are to use physi-
cal methods of restraint or to rely on gravity
separation. The relative merits of screening, stilling
ponds or vortex action in separation are discussed.
Reliability is taken to include safety and con-
venience in operation as well as the more direct
meaning. The structure should be designed for a
life in excess of 30 years. Power driven devices are
best avoided unless adequate and regular main-
tenance is assured. Emergency by-pass arrange-
ments should be made. A design of 1937 is illus-
trated and discussed as well as a high weir type
overflow. More opportunity is afforded in desig-
ning large overflows on new sections of sewer; one
such design is shown. No overflow should be
located on sewers less than 18 in. dia. or of max-
imum flow less than 6 cusecs. For small overflows
the storage type are suitable; with larger flows only
limited storage is likely to be practicable.
W69-02107
MAINTENANCE OF STORM FLOW REGULA-
TORS,
Max B. Phillips.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 31, No 7, p 861,
July 1959.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Instrumentation,
'Flow control. Maintenance.
A survey was made of cities in the State of Ohio as
to the use and performance of regulators. Thirty
per cent of the cities reported that regulators were
a major problem and a break-down of the kinds of
malfunctioning is given. An outline of a workable
program of regulator inspection and maintenance
is developed.
W69-02108
SECONDARY MOTIONS APPLIED TO STORM
SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
T. M. Prufr-Chacinski, and J. W. Wielogorski.
In Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Design,
'Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Suspended solids.
A model was used to study the possibility of using
the helical flow in short bends as a basis for the
design of storm sewage overflows. Fora short bend
a convenient measure of the intensity of the helix is
the angle between the circumferential direction
and the direction of flow very near to the bed of the
channel. Several expressions were developed to
predict the value of this angle. There is evidence
that in a bend longer than 0=90 the intensity of the
helix decreases, and that eventually at 0=180 the
direction of water near the bed reverses toward the
outer wall. If a relatively short bend is followed by a
second of opposite direction, the helix generated in
the former suppresses development of the helix in
the latter. However, an S channel may be more
convenient to use and was therefore investigated.
The symmetrical S shape of the channel was chosen
so that a number of possible configurations of the
relative positions of slots and overflows could be in-
vestigated by reversing the channel. Figures are in-
cluded to show the bed load distribution both with
slots closed and opened; the relationship between
suspended load and flow through the slot; and the
relationship between bed angle in the first bend and
Reynolds' number in a semicircular channel. It is
concluded that the results of the investigation may
be used to design an effective and cheap storm
sewage overflow.
W69-02I09
-------
Field 02—OVERFLOWS AND REGULATION DEVICES
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT MODIFIED FOR
INCREASED SOLIDS LOADING,
A.J. Rcisdorph.
Pub Works, Vo! 96, No 4, pp 113-114,1965.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, "Overflow, Discharge
(Water), Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, Spokane (Wash).
The primary sewage-treatment plant at Spokane,
Wash., has been enlarged to provide adequate
treatment for the recently-added load of industrial
waste waters (mainly from packing houses). The
additional equipment includes a preliminary aera-
tion unit for grease removal, and increased clarify-
ing and digesting capacity. A storm-water overflow
device selects the upper and lower strata in the
combined sewers, containing comparatively clean
water and grit respectively, for discharge direct to
the Spokane river.
W69-02110
ON MEASUREMENTS OF STORM-SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS - A GRAPHICAL METHOD,
L. Schmitz.
Gesundheits-Ing, Vol 85, p 363,1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, "Overflow, "Flow
measurement.
Identifiers: "Calculations, Bernoulli's theorem.
Owing to the inaccuracy and difficulty of existing
methods of calculations for storm-sewage over-
flows, a graphical method has been developed,
based on Bernoulli's equation. By this method not
only can liquid flow through non-uniform pipes
measured, but with the application of Bernoulli's
theoreum the difference in pressure between the
top and bottom ends of the pipe and/or the
required section of such vertical tapered pipe can
be calculated. Values for the pressure drop, throat
diameter and throat length for a minimum pipe-fall
of 0.5 per cent and for the friction coefficient of
0.15 and 0.30 in relation to the volume of flow and
the head of water are given. Diagrams and tables
together with a worked example support the
author's method.
W69-02111
MEASUREMENT OF STORM WATER OUT-
LETS IN COMBINED SEWERS BY THE
THROTTLE-PIPE PROCESS,
L. Schmitz.
Gesundheitsing, Vol 79, p 323, 1958.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, "Outlets, "Overflow,
Weirs, Instrumentation.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, "Calculations.
After discussing the differences between storm-
water overflows in combined sewers and straight
vertical-flow weirs, the author gives diagrams for
the calculation of storm-water overflows when the
following pipe is designed as a throttle pipe.
W69-021I2
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS: THE OPERA-
TION AND DESIGN OF A STILLING POND,
D. E. Sharpe, and T. W. Kirkbride.
ProclnstnCivEngrs,Vol 13,p445, 1959.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, "Overflow, "Design,
"Stilling basins, "Flow control. Water pollution,
"Modelstudies.
In designing storm-water overflows, the use of
stilling ponds has many advantages as it not only
permits comparatively accurate regulation of the
flow but also results in less polluting matter being
discharged. Model experiments were carried out on
the operation of stilling-pond overflows with a view
to determining the conditions limiting chamber
design and to deriving suitable design standards.
The flow patterns within a stilling pond were first
investigated and the limiting conditions deduced
_• :-efrom are presented in a simple form for design
-:: ication. The applicability of the results to the
performance of full-scale overflows is being stu-
died.
W69-02113
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PER-
FORMANCE OF VORTEX OVERFLOWS,
B. Smisson.
Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: "Design, "Construction, "Overflow,
"Model studies. Outlets, Storm runoff. Rainfall in-
tensity.
Identifiers: "Suspended solids, Calculations.
Using hydraulic models, research was carried out
on comparatively small tanks using rotary motion
induced by the kinetic energy of the sewage. A con-
siderable increase in the amount of solids concen-
trated in the foul-water outlet over that due only to
gravity was found. The program covered devices
with prototype retention times from 20 sees, to 20
min. with energy levels at inlet from 0.05 to 20 ft.
Ibs./lb. Two full-sized overflow chambers have
been built and observed in operation for several
years. The model separators tested were of three
types. The largest separator is illustrated and
described. The results obtained at a 5 min. reten-
tion time, with crude macerated sewage having a
mean strength of 230 p.p.m. suspended solids, are
shown. It was found that a very significant degree
of separation took place. To achieve satisfactory
conditions of flow many alterations in shape had to
be made, in particular a deflecting wall alongside
the in-coming sewer. Floating solids were easy to
retain by dip-plate. The number of occasions on
which the overflow operates per year and the dura-
tion of such occasions would give a better criterion
for design than any estimate of what should be left
in the sewer. A method of design based on statisti-
cal analysis of rainfall is given, which enables the
designer to choose the size of overflow best suited
for any particular site.
W69-02114
THE PROBLEMS OF STORM-WATER OVER-
FLOWS,
V. Stalmann, and G. Warg.
Gesundheitsing, Vol 81, p 257,1960.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Design,
Flow measurement.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers, "Calculations, "Capaci-
ty.
The authors discuss calculations of flow in pipes
and the dimensions and design of storm-water over-
flows.
W69-02115
THE TREATMENT OF STORM SEWAGE,
B. D. Steele.
Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers.
Descriptors: "Water pollution, "Storm runoff,
"Overflow, "Automatic control. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: "Storage tanks.
A prime objective of the virtual resewerage of an
area of about 27,900 acres at Coventry is the
elimination of pollution in the river system, which
forms the headwaters of the River Avon. The solu-
tion lies in the building of Storm Balancing Sta-
tions. In time of rain all flows in excess of 3 d.w.f.
are spilled off into mechanically scraped circular
tanks. Sludge is evacuated to the sewer. The provi-
sion of additional tanks or other processes is feasi-
ble. The tanks are probably unique in that overflow
to the tanks, operation of the scraping mechanism,
continuous pumping of sludge, sampling, tank emp-
tying to the sewer and rising main emptying are all
automatic. Results are beginning to become availa-
ble from one station. Conclusions are that if in the
future a proportion of the flow in a foul sewer may
be discharged directly to the river the device for
separating the elements must be designed on a
more scientific basis, and the solution may lie in the
provision of storm balancing tanks.
W69-02116
PROBLEM OF DESIGN OF INTERCEPTING
DEVICES WITH OVERFLOW WEIRS IN COM-
BINED SEWER SYSTEMS,
G.Tison.Jr.
Int Assn for Hydraulic Res, 11th Cong, Leningrad
Vol 2, paper 2.11.9 p.
Descriptors: "Overflow, "Weirs, "Design, "Storm
runoff, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers.
Problem of design of intercepting devices with
overflow weirs in combined sewer systems;
problem is considered in relation to transportation
of sediment which is kept away from watercourse
receiving sewer flow; theory and experiments in
laboratory show that laterally designed weir to
divert storm water peak flow directly into water-
course, is poor design as it also removes sediment
and brings it into river.
W69-021I7
HOW TO PLACE STORM SPILLWAY IN COM-
BINED STORM AND SANITARY SEWER
SYSTEM,
G. Tison, and V. Vukmirovic.
RevC.Vol4.No I,pp7-ll, 1966.
Descriptors: "Overflow, "Storm runoff, "Design,
Sedimentation.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers.
How to place storm spillway in combined storm
and sanitary sewer system; problem is considered in
relation to transportation of sediment which is to
be kept away from watercourse receiving sewer
discharge; theoretical considerations and laborato-
ry tests show that laterally designed spillways for
diverting stormwater peak flow into watercourse
did not perform satisfactorily; improved spillway
designs are discussed and experimental results ob-
tained are shown in diagrams.
W69-02118
HYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS IN CALCULAT-
ING STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
H. Wagner, and G. J. Kallwass.
Gas Wasserfach. Vol 101, p 660,1960.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, "Overflow, "Design,
Hydraulics.
Identifiers: "Calculations.
The commonly used methods of calculation for
storm-water overflows are not suitable for modern
designs. The authors discuss conditions of flow,
run-off curves, and the friction coefficient and give
a diagram for calculation of flow conditions in dif-
ferent shapes of sewer. Sources of error are con-
sidered.
W69-02I19
THE EFFECT OF DELAYED DISCHARGE ON
THE CALCULATION OF STORM-SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
G. Warg.
Gas Wasserfach, Vol 107, pp 85-89,1966.
Descriptors: "Overflow, "Storm runoff, Discharge
(Water), Design, "Hydrographs.
Identifiers: "Calculations, Munich (Germany),
Capacity, Surface permeability, "Urban hydrology'
Storage tanks.
The author discusses theoretically the effect of
delayed discharge of rain water on the design cal-
culations and measurements of storm-sewage over-
flows and gives a detailed account of the measure-
-------
SEWER HYDRAULICS—Field 03
ments which were carried out in the sewerage
system at Munich to evaluate the effects on
discharge capacity, intensity and duration of
discharge, load on the receiving water, and dimen-
sions of the sewerage system. He suggests the use of
a specially-developed hydrograph system to calcu-
late and allow for changes in permeability at peak
flows and to assess the maximal area likely to be
covered during rain storms. Tables and nomo-
graphs which are included can also be used to cal-
culate the effects of delay on design calculations
for storm-sewage plants and flood retention basins.
W69-02120
03. SEWER HYDRAULICS
AN INVESTIGATION Of HEAD LOSSES AT
SEWER MANHOLES,
P. Ackers.
Civ Eng, London, Vol 54,1959.
Descriptors: 'Manholes, *Head loss, Overflow,
Sewers.
The author describes the results of experiments on
factors affecting head losses at sewer manholes. It
was found that head losses at open invert manholes
are small except when surcharge occurs and hatch-
box manholes are no better except under surcharge
conditions.
W69-01697
THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF
DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
P. Ackers.
ProcInstnCivEngrs.Vol 19, 1961.
Descriptors: Sewers, *Flow resistance, *Roughness
(Hydraulic), 'Velocity, 'Stormdrains. Pipes.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Further details are given of theoretical and experi-
mental studies on the hydraulic resistance of sewers
and storm drains, which have been carried out by
the Hydraulics Research Station (see Wat. Pollut.
Abstr., 1963, 36, Abstr. No. 1823) including ex-
periments on salt-glazed, spun concrete and pitch-
fibre pipes, both full and partly-full. The results,
given in tables and graphs, show that flow condi-
tions in new sewers are turbulent-transitional and
that the eccentricity and spacing of the joints affect
the overall roughness. Neither the Crimp and
Bruges nor the Manning formulae fit the experi-
mental data and the equation proposed by
Colebrook, C.F., and White, C.M., is preferred. On
the basis of data obtained, roughness values for
new sewers are suggested. Under partly-full condi-
tions, proportional velocities follow the theoretical
trend, but are lower, indicating an increase in
roughness for free-surface flow, the possible cause
of which is discussed.
W69-01698
TABLES FOR THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF
STORM-DRAINS, SEWERS, AND PIPE-LINES,
P. Ackers.
Hydraul Res Pap No 4, H M Stationery Office,
London, 1963.
Descriptors: 'Hydraulic design, 'Storm drains,
'Sewers, 'Velocity, 'Roughness (Hydraulic),
•Discharge (Water), Design, Pipes.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
To assist in the design of sewers and storm-water
drains, this publication contains tabulated data on
the discharges and velocities in pipes over a range
of diameters (6-96 in.) hydraulic gradients (1 in
10,000 - I in 10), and roughnesses (k sub s values
from 0.0002-0.05 ft.).
W69-OI699
RAIN DISCHARGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
G. Amberger.
Gesundheit-Ing. Vol56,p298, 1933.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Sewers, 'Design,
Overflow.
When the sewage flow is so divided that half con-
tinues in the same direction, half through a pipe at
an angle, then about 97% of the sludge goes
through the latter pipe when the angle with the
original direction is 30 degrees, about 87% when it
is 120 degrees. These data are significant in the
construction of plant by-passes to provide for
heavy flow resulting from rains so that the richer
sewage goes through the plant, the dil. being by-
passed to the river.
W69-01700
POLYMER COAGULATORS.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 1, No 2, p 111. Feb 1967.
Descriptors: 'Flow control. Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Polymers, 'Combined sewers,
'Capacity.
The research division of the Western Co. is study-
ing the feasibility of adding polymer coagulators to
combined sewer-storm lines to enable them to
carry greater quantities of sewage during rains. The
additives increase fluid flow in pipes by reducing
turbulent friction loss. If the method proves feasi-
ble, demonstration tests will be conducted in the
Dallas-Fort Worth area in mid-1968.
W69-01701
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPRESSED CURB-
OPENING INLETS,
W. J. Bauer, and D. C. Woo.
Nat Res Council-Highway Res Bd-Res Rec, No 58,
pp 61-80,1964.
Descriptors: 'Hydraulic design, 'Intakes,
'Highways, Drainage systems, 'Storm runoff.
New hydraulic design curves for depressed curb-
opening inlets used in highway drainage systems
were developed from experimental data; curves
cover considerable range of practical conditions
and also allow direct comparison of effect of size of
depression to efficiency of inlet; sump condition is
included that refers to condition that inlet is
located at low point of sag vertical curve; applica-
tion of curves is presented.
W69-01702
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION
OF SEWER OUTFALLS IN ESTUARINE AND
TIDAL WATERS,
Frank L. Heaney.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 32, No 6, pp 610-21,
June 1960.
Descriptors: 'Estuaries, Design, Construction.
'Outlets, Sewers, Standards, Chlorination, 'Rain-
fall intensity, 'Overflow, 'Water pollution,
'Hydraulics, Maintenance.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'New York, N. Y.,
'Urban drainage.
The object of design of outfall sewers was to
destroy the physical character of the sewage
without objectionable odors, floating solids at
shore line, scum accumulations or bottom deposits.
Present day standards require, in addition, a reduc-
tion of bacterial concentration. In discussing design
the author states that shore overflows from plant
should be avoided and provisions should be made
for emergency chlorination. In New York City ex-
perience has shown that 0.02 in/hr rainfall has
resulted in discharge of approximately 30% raw
sewage from combined sewer overflows. Also that
from 70 years of records, one to two rainstorms of
over 0.02 inch/hour occur each week during the
summer. The receiving waters remain polluted for
a period of one to three days after each rainfall.
Author discusses location of outfalls, hydraulic
considerations, and design of outlet structures. In
design the author uses the charts and formulas of
Rown and Palmer and shows the theoretical com-
putations of mixing of sewage with sea water. Each
area must have tests taken to assess the effective-
ness of mixing. The author discusses construction
and maintenance of outfall sewers and also costs of
same.
W69-01703
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STORM WATER
INLETS,
W. H. Li, J. C. Geyer, and G. S. Benton.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 23, pp 34-6,
1951.
Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Intakes, 'Storm ru-
noff, Hydraulics.
Identifiers: Capacity.
Formulae based on studies of model inlets are
developed for calculating the capacities of various
types of gutter inlet without depression. There was
close agreement between the calculated and ob-
served values.
W69-01704
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF PVC SEWER
PIPE,
L. C. Neale, and R. E. Price.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 90, No SA3, Pt 1,
paper 3955, pp 109-29, June 1964.
Descriptors: 'Plastic pipes, 'Sewers, 'Sewer
hydraulics, Velocity, Head loss, 'Flow measure-
ment.
Flow tests were run of 8 and 12-in. thin-wall, flexi-
ble PVC pipe designed for use as sewers; pressure
and open channel flow characteristics were in-
vestigated and analyzed; velocity profiles were
made; it is shown that temperature has significant
effect that should be considered in critical or mar-
ginal designs; head losses for solvent cemented bell
and spigot joint were measured, and coefficients of
0.0011 with bell pointed downstream and 0.0068
with bell pointed upstream were determined.
W69-01705
FLOW VELOCITIES DM SMALL SEWERS,
R. D. Pomeroy.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39, pp 1525-1548,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Velocity, 'Sewers, 'Sewer hydrau-
lics.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Methods were developed for obtaining data on
velocity and discharge in sewers for use in calculat-
ing the coefficients in hydraulic equation, and these
techniques were used on 95 small sewers. The data
obtained, together with published studies on ex-
perimental pipes, confirm the conditions of previ-
ous investigators that velocities in partly-filled
pipes do not conform to the traditional equations.
From the data obtained, equations were developed
for velocities in partly-filled pipes of circular sec-
tion. The experimental results also confirmed the
accepted view that a velocity of 0.5-0.6 m per sec,
or 1.6-2 ft per sec, is required to avoid excessive ac-
cumulations of debris. There was evidence of a re-
tarding effect of critical-depth turbulence, but it is
impracticable to avoid these effects in the smallest
sewers. It was found that poor construction, includ-
ing irregularities of slope, is often the cause of poor
coefficients; the asbestos-cement sewers tested
showed better coefficients than the vitrified-clay
sewers, and the concrete sewers were poorest.
W69-01706
FLOW VELOCITY IN PARTLY FILLED PIPES,
Richard Pomeroy.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 108, p 180, May
1961.
Descriptors: 'Velocity, Flow measurement, 'Pipes.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
-------
Field 03—SEWER HYDRAULICS
It is important, for a variety of purposes in the sani-
tary engineering field, to be able to calculate
velocity and flow conditions in sewers running less
than full. The equation which has come to be
known as Manning's is most commonly used for
this purpose. This equation rests upon the classical
assumption that velocity can be calculated as a
function of R, S, and a friction coefficient. This
basic assumption is an approximation when streams
of different shape of cross section are considered.
This following equation has been deduced for cal-
culating velocity of flow in a partly filled pipe of
circular cross section. V= k (Q exp. 0.29) (S exp.
0.38) (D exp. -0.13). This equation conforms to
available data better than the Manning equation.
The value of k is related to the Hazen-Williams
coefficient by the equation k= 0.702 m C (0.71) in
which m is approximately 1.10.
W69-01707
STORM WATER TANKS WITHOUT
GRADIENTS, A METHOD OF IMPROVING
THE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS OF TOWNS,
F. Schimrick.
GasWasserfach, Vol92,pp 156-8,1951.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, Design, Pumping.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Urban drainage.
The author discusses the possibility of inserting
storm water tanks in sewerage systems. Where the
depth of the tank is somewhat less than the internal
diameter of the inlet channel, no gradient is neces-
sary. The use of such inserted tanks to reduce the
load on pumping plant and sewage works is
discussed with examples of their effect in various
towns.
W69-01708
MEASUREMENT OF MANNING'S
ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
O. J. Schmidt.
Sewage Industr Wastes, Vol 31, p 995,1959.
Descriptors: *Sewers, 'Velocity, 'Design, Con-
struction, 'Roughness (Hydraulic).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Kansas City
(Mo.), Urban drainage.
In connection with a master plan for trunk sewers
and sewage-treatment facilities in Kansas City,
Mo., a series of velocity measurements was made in
a large trunk sewer carrying both sewage and storm
water. The method used to measure mean velocity
is described; it is considered to be as simple, accu-
rate, and inexpensive as more conventional
procedures. Variations in n in Manning's formula
occur with changes in depth of flow in sewers and
for certain sewer designs such variations can be im-
portant. The value of n can be changed from that
used in the design of the sewer by a number of con-
ditions brought about during construction or which
can occur afterwards. Bottom deposits or other
conditions which greatly alter the invert surfaces of
the sewer probably caused a greater variation in n
than that caused by changes in depth of flow. Some
aspects on which further investigations are
required, are indicated.
W69-OI709
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEWERS,
A. A. Smith.
Civ EngPubl Works Rev, Vol 60, p 206,1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Design.
Identifiers: Capacity, Calculations.
After a brief review of the general properties of
partly full circular conduits as applied to sewer
design, the author shows that the effect of shape is
both significant and important in the design of
sewers of adequate carrying capacity. The concept
of optimal sewer diameter is developed, and the
relevance of criteria of self-scouring and carrying
capacity is considered. A design chart is given for
the solution of problems of a general nature, with
some practical examples of its use.
W69-01710
SOME HYDRAULIC ASPECTS OF SEWERAGE
AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
C. B. Townend, and G. W. Wilkinson.
Instn Civ Engrs, Proc, Vol 4, Pt 3, No 3, pp 662-84,
Dec 1955.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Hydraulics,
'Storm runoff, Discharge (Water), 'Velocity,
•Sedimentation, 'Flow control.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
Sequence of operations in sewers and at treatment
plants; application of hydraulic principles to assure
efficient transport and removal of solids; storm-
water runoff, discharge formulas relating to sewers,
channels and pipes; effects of sewage handling on
hydraulic practice, control of velocities and levels,
distribution of flow, and sedimentation procedures.
W69-01711
04. SEWER SYSTEMS -
COMBINED
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE
GROUND.
ASCE - San Eng Div, Newsletter, pp 7-8, May
1967.
Descriptors: 'Tunnels, 'Grants, 'Sewage lagoons,
'Floor control. Instrumentation, 'Overflow,
Pumping, 'Sewage sludge.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Chicago (111.),
•Storage tanks. New York (N. Y.).
Chicago has received a $1 million grant from
FWPCA to help build and demonstrate a
$14,389,600 deep-tunnel system to store the rain-
swollen flows in combined sewers in part of the ci-
ty's northside. When the flow in the combined
sewers returns to normal, the water stored in the
tunnel will be pumped back into the sewer lines for
treatment. Other grants awarded were to: Shel-
byville, 111. to help build a system to hold and treat
combined-sewer flows in several holding and treat-
ment lagoons and a holding tank; to New York City
to help pay for the installation and evaluation of a
siphon-type Ponsar regulator designed to provide
better control of the flows from combined sewers
into interceptor sewers; and to Columbus, Ohio to
help renovate and improve the efficiency of the
combined-sewer overflow holding tanks by in-
stalling new pumps which will remove sludge which
now accumulates and causes odors.
W69-OI712
ASCE SEWER PROJECT CONTINUES.
ASCE - San Eng Div, Newsletter, p 5, Jan 1967.
Descriptors: 'Pumping, 'Equipment, Drainage
system.
Identifiers: 'Sewer-within-sewer, 'Combined
sewers, 'Urban drainage.
ASCE is continuing to study the sewer-within-a-
sewer concept under a new contract. Combination
grinder-pump units will be developed for both
household and commercial uses. A limited number
of these will go into buildings in a demonstration
area and be connected to piping installed in exist-
ing combined sewers. Tests will be conducted for a
six month period. At the same time, plans will be
developed for a demonstration in an entire urban
drainage area.
W69-01713
COMBINATION SEWER SEPARATED INTO
SANITARY AND STORM LINES LOW COST.
Civ Eng, Vol 36, No 5, p 55, May 1966.
Descriptors,: Sewers. Pipes, Tunnels.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Storm sewers.
Sewer department of Minneapolis, Minn., has
recently placed 5700 ft of corrugated steel pipe in
bottom of existing combination sewer—for sewage
only, to reduce load on treatment plant; Armco
Smooth-Flo pipe, 42 in. in diam has asphaltic liner;
flattened to 53 x 22.5 in., it fits well into bottom of
old 102-in.-diam tunnel; prefabricated bands with
neoprene gaskets hold sections together, and cor-
rugated hold-down bands anchor them to tunnel
wall; concrete is then placed to prevent line from
'floating' and provide smooth base for storm flow
above.
W69-01714
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COM-
BINED SEWERS.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 2, No 8, p 577, Aug.
1968.
Descriptors: 'Construction costs, 'Overflow,
'Storm runoff, Pumping.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer separation,
•Storm sewers, 'Storage tanks, 'Washington, D
C.
The cost of separating the combined storm and
sanitary sewers in the United States, which now
serve 36 million people, is approximately $48 bil-
lion, according to a recent report prepared by the
American Public Works Association for the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
The report is a national inventory of the effects and
means of correcting combined sewer overflows and
separate storm and sanitary sewer discharges in the
United States. A pilot project to construct two
giant rubberized tanks in the Anacostia River in
Washington, D. C. to store overflow during heavy
rainfall is also mentioned. Each tank has a capacity
of 100,000 gallons and will be anchored in the river
bed. During the period of overflow, sewage will be
diverted into an on-shore pump house where it will
be crushed before being pumped into the tanks.
The contents of the tanks will be pumped back into
the sewer lines after the storm water recedes.
W69-01715
COMPUTERS TO CONTROL COMBINED
SEWERS.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 1, No 10, p 777, Oct
1967.
Descriptors: 'Computer program, 'Overflows,
Storm runoff, 'Automatic control, Sampling.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Urban drainage.
The Minneapolis-Saint Paul Sanitary District is
working on a $1.7 million demonstration project to
use a process control computer to control com-
bined sewer overflows. When heavy rainfall causes
the sewers to overflow, the excess is diverted into
the river through gates in the sewers. The computer
will be used to see that the most polluted flow goes
to the treatment plant and the cleaner water to the
river. The system will rely on data telemetered
from 28 sampling stations to the computer at the
plant. The data will include the amount of rainfall
sewer levels, and gate positions. Using simulation
techniques, sewage plant operators can determine
the best settings on control gates to get maximum
pollution to the plant and minimum pollution to the
river.
W69-017I6
WATER POLLUTION R AND D GRANTS.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol I, No 3, p 189, March
1967.
Descriptors: 'Grants, 'Water pollution control.
Overflow, 'Automatic control, 'Flow control'
Storm runoff. '
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. 'Storage tanks
'Scwcr-within-scwer. '
10
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED—Field 04
Approximately $20 million in contracts and grants
were awarded in 1966 by the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Administration. About half the total
was for studies of improved methods for dealing
with overflows from combined sewers. Nine cities
were awarded a total of slightly more than $8 mil-
lion to help finance such projects as construction of
large detention basins to hold combined sewer
overflow prior to treatment, and for installation of
automated sewer regulator stations designed to
provide better control of combined flows. Con-
tracts of $1.6 million were awarded to private com-
panies to study such possibilities as building a sewer
within a sewer or constructing submerged con-
tainers capable of holding combined sewer waste
until it can be pumped back to the treatment plant.
W69-01717
DRAINAGE (SEWERAGE).
J Inst of Sanit Engrs, Vol 50, pp 177-94,1951.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Velocity,
Sewers, Flow, 'Runoff, Design.
Identifiers: 'Lloyd-Davies formula.
In a discussion on the C.E. Code of Practice No. 5
(1950) 'Drainage (Sewerage)', subjects raised in-
cluded velocity of flow in sewers, admission of
trade waste waters to sewers, storm water over-
flows, and the Lloyd-Davies method of calculating
run-off.
W69-01718
SEWER SEPARATION.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 3, p 2, 1966.
Descriptors: Sewers, 'Overflows, Design, 'Water
pollution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer infiltration.
Engineers and Superintendents of Sewer systems
representing a cross-section of the country were
asked several questions regarding their systems.
These questions included miles of different-types of
sewers, if infiltration was a problem, number and
types of regulators and diversions used, design of
combined systems and if any bottlenecks, and an
estimate of percentage and amount of pollution
bypassed each year. Answers indicated that infiltra-
tion was a problem in several cities, but the sewage
lost from bypassing or overflows was not a signifi-
cant pollution problem.
W69-017I9
SEWER WITHIN A SEWER.
Water Works and Wastes Eng, Vol 1, pp 36-37,
101, Feb 1964.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Plastic pipes, 'Construc-
tion, Construction costs.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Ottawa (Canada).
Ottawa, Ont., Can., constructed small gravity
sewers inside 2 existing large-diameter combined
outfall sewers to convey intercepted sanitary flow
to a new main interceptor tunnel. The inner sewer
slopes in the opposite direction from the outer
sewer, which is accomplished by starting the high
end of the inner sewer at the top of the large sewer
and spiraling it down the outer sewer wall. In one
location because of corrosive wastes the inner
sewer consists of 1440 ft. of 15 in. dia. PVC plastic
pipe. In the other location the inner sewer is 1303
ft. of 12 in. CI pipe. The 15 in. sewer cost $20.41 to
$24.41 per ft in place. The sewer within a sewer
technique permitted main interceptor modifica-
tions that saved an estimated $1,200,000. When
completed, the main interceptor system will corsist
of 38,300 ft of 72 in. to 96 in. diu. tunnel.
W69-01720
FACTS ABOUT COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 4, No 11, p 78, Nov
1967.
Descriptors: 'Combined sewers.
Facts about combined sewer systems are being col-
lected by the American Public Works Association.
A $250,000 grant from the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Administration has been awarded to
the Association, whose representatives will con-
duct on-site interviews with water officials of about
900 communities with combined sewer systems. All
cities with populations over 25,000 will be included
in the survey and checks will also be made on 30
percent of smaller communities having this type of
system.
W69-OI721
DRAINAGE (SEWERAGE).
C E Code of Practice No 5, Instn of Mun Engrs,
London, 1950.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Sewers, Manholes, 'Storm
runoff, 'Overflow, Siphons, Pumping, 'Runoff.
In a Code of Practice intended to indicate what is
considered to be good practice in the design and
construction of sewerage systems under average
conditions, recommendations are made concerning
choice of sewerage system, layout, size, shape,
depth and gradient of sewers, manholes, storm-
water overflows, siphons, pumping stations, pump-
ing mains, tidal outfalls, and other works. Informa-
tion is given on legislation concerning discharge of
trade waste waters to sewers and on the effect of
some types of trade waste waters on sewerage
systems and on natural waters. In an appendix, a
suggested method for calculating run-off is
described.
W69-01722
SEPARATING STORM AND SANITARY
SEWERS IN URBAN RENEWAL.
32nd Report by the Committee on Govt Opera-
tions, US House of Representatives, House Rept
1648, US Govt Printing Off. Washington. DC, June
23, 1966. 20 p, 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution. Grants.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Sewer separation.
•Combined sewers, Urban drainage.
The need for separating storm and sanitary sewers
is discussed, with emphasis on separating such
sewers in areas being developed or redeveloped
under federal aid. The 1962 Public Health Service
Table on number and size of communities served
by combined sewer systems is given. A 1964 Public
Health Service appraisal of combined sewers is out-
lined. Demonstration grants to develop measures to
control pollution from combined sewers are
described. Problems and controversy concerning
separation of sewers in the University-Euclid urban
renewal project in Cleveland are discussed and
other sewer programs are outlined.
W69-01723
DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE (WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL AND ABATEMENT).
House of Representatives Union Calendar No 90,
89th Cong, IstSess. Rep No 204,1965.40pp.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
•Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
This is the 12th report of the U.S. Committee on
Government Operations and is based on a study
made by its Natural Resources and Power Sub-
committee to examine whether Government agen-
cies arc coping effectively with water pollution
problems and to determine possible improvements
in techniques for preventing and controlling pollu-
tion of rivers and other water resources. The
present position and problems of sewage disposal
are reviewed in relation to water pollution, includ-
ing the problems caused by combined sewerage
systems and storm-sewage overflows, and recom-
mendations are made for future action by Govern-
ment departments; comprehensive planning and
co-ordination of sewage-treatment facilities for
municipal areas; and development of new methods
of sewage treatment.
W69-OI724
INTERCEPTORS HAVE UNUSUAL DESIGN
FEATURES,
W. M. Bailey.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 4, No I, pp 55-7, Jan
1967.
Descriptors: 'Design, Sewers, Storm runoff.
Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Omaha (Nebr).
Waste collection and treatment installation in Mis-
souri River basin at Omaha, Nebr; project includes
64,700 ft of collecting sewers and plant that gives
primary treatment to wastes before discharging
them into river; bi-directional sewer operates dur-
ing low flow periods as gravity sewer flowing in one
direction; during time of storm flow, it becomes
force main that flows in two directions; another
feature is segregated treatment plant that permits
low strength and high strength wastes to be treated
separately or mixed in any desirable proportion.
W69-01725
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS FROM COM-
BINED SEWERS,
H. H. Benjes, P. D. Haney, andO. J. Schmidt.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 33, p 12, 1961.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Rainfall-
runoff relationships.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Kansas City (Mo.),
•Interceptor sewers.
Advocate using peak dry-weather flow rather than
average dwf in determining a ratio for interceptor
sewers. This helps decrease the per cent difference
in peak to average DWF found because of size of
community. Agreement with other investigators
that from 0.03 to 0.04 in./hr is needed to wet down
area before run-off. Each 0.01 in./hr will produce
run-off equal to DWF. In Kansas City it was found
that measurable rainfall occurred about 5 per cent
of the time. Of this 3.7 per cent of the time run-off
could occur. With a peak dwf of 1.5 x ave. dwf and
a interceptor capacity of 1.5 x ave DWF it was
found overflow would occur 3.72 percent time— to
peak dwf. If interceptor was increased to 3.5 ave
dwf, overflow would still occur 3.22 per cent of
time and 6.5 x ave dwf 2.3 per cent of time.
Authors conclude that the practical maximum ef-
fective capacity of interceptor can not be much
larger than the peak dwf. Also recommend more
work be done in characteristics of storm water ru-
noff.
W69-01726
PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING FLOWS IN
SEPARATE AND COMBINED SEWERS,
Waclaw Blaszczyk.
Gaz WodaTech Sanit, Vol 26, No 1, p 24, 1952.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Design, 'Sewers.
'Row measurement.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Warsaw (Poland).
Following a review of the theory of calculating
combined sewer flows by means of several expres-
sions, the author presents time-intensity plots
proposed by various authorities for Warsaw, in
which intensities for a rainfall of 1 /2 min. vary from
25 to 202 I. per second per hcctar; for t= I min., i
varies from 16 to 124; for t™8 2 min., i varies from
12 to 70; and for t— 3 min., i varies from 9 to 58. In
many projects, the results arc based upon the cx-
11
-------
Field 04-SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED
prience of the designer as indicated by the data
cited above. Accordingly, the author proposes that
it is necessary to come to some agreement as to the
coefficient of probability to be used for economical
sewer design, and that it should not be necessary to
depend wholly upon the judgment of the designer.
Of course, the establishment of suitable norms
must be based upon thorough and complete calcu-
lations and review of existing data. No one, accord-
ing to the author, has dependable results, as practi-
cally none of the designers have had the opportuni-
ty of confirming their calculations in practice,
because in many cases the system has not been
completed as designed, the drainage area has not
been fully settled, or the rains designed for have not
occurred.
W69-01727
INTERCEPTOR SEWERS,
E. E. Bloss.
Presented at Amer Soc of Civ Engrs Meeting, Oct
18-22,1965, Kansas City, Missouri.
Descriptors: Design, Pumping, Treatment, *Flow
measurement, Hydrographs, Overflow, Storm ru-
noff, *Water pollution control, Hydraulics, Con-
struction costs.
Identifiers: "Interceptor sewers, *Capacity, St.
Louis (Mo.), Combined sewers. Sewer infiltration.
Subject matter discussed in this paper on intercep-
tor sewers applies specifically to the design of the
interceptor sewers of the Metropolitan St. Louis
Sewer District Pollution Abatement Project. The
paper includes as background information, a brief
description of the District, as well as a brief
description of the overall plan of the proposed in-
terception, pumping and treatment facilities. The
methods used in gaging present flows are also
discussed and a number of measured sewer hydro-
graphs are reproduced. Detailed investigation of
the spill of mixed sewage and rainfall with intercep-
tors of several different capacities is discussed in
considerable detail leading to the finding that
adequate abatement of pollution can be achieved
with interceptors having a capacity equal to the
peak rate of sewage flow. In this investigation
sewage flow was considered to consist of domestic
and industrial waste flow only; it did not include
ground water infiltration. However, to completely
avoid spill during dry weather, it was further con-
cluded that interceptors, in final design, should
have a capacity equal to the peak flow of sanitary
sewage plus the peak rate of ground water infiltra-
tion. Detailed computations of sewage spill were
made under conditions of present and assumed ulti-
mate watershed development for interceptors on
two of the largest sewers of the District as finally
designed. Two typical interceptor structures are
discussed and illustrated. Storm water flows for
several assumed runoff rates and the effects of such
flows on the hydraulics of the trunk interceptor
sewer are discussed. Finally, in order to illustrate
the disproportionate effect on cost when compared
to the small improvement in pollution abatement
accomplished by increasing interceptor capacities.
The trunk sewer was resized to accommodate 1.25
times peak dry weather flow. A cost estimate of the
trunk to carry the larger flow was prepared and
compared with the estimated cost of the trunk as
designed. The reduction in degree of pollution
abatement which would have been achieved by the
slightly larger interceptor was also computed and
shown to be inconsequential. The economic inad-
visability of increasing interceptor capacity beyond
one times peak dry weather flow for the St. Louis
sewer system was demonstrated.
W69-OI728
SURVEY OF NAJAFGARH DRAIN
DOWNSTREAM OF INDUSTRIAL AREA,
K. R. Bulusu, and V. P. Sharma.
Envir Health, India, Vol 8, pp 103-111, 1966. 3
tab.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Discharge (Water),
•Dissolved oxygen, 'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Water quality. Standards, "Rainfall intensity,
"Water pollution.
Identifiers: "Suspended solids, "Combined sewers,
Jumna River (India).
During the period March-July 1962, the Najafgarh
drain, which carries a mixture of industrial waste
water and sullage besides storm water, and the
stretch of the Jumna River into which it discharges,
were surveyed 11 times from 12 stations. Graphs
and tables are given showing quantitative data on
total and suspended solids, dissolved and absorbed
oxygen, BOD, chlorides and sulphates. The quality
of the river water at a station near the point of
discharge was judged to be satisfactory in relation
to the requirements of the Indian Standards Institu-
tion and it is concluded that, during the summer,
the quality of the water is suitable for use at a
downstream water works and by riparian owners,
but that heavy rains will cause excess pollution as a
result of bottom scouring.
W69-01729
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COM-
BINED SEWER OVERFLOWS ON THE
DETROIT RIVER,
R. J. Burm.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39, No 3, p 410,
March 1967.
Descriptors: "Overflow, Discharge (Water),
"Coliforms, "Water quality, "Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, Detroit (Mich).
A study of water quality at various points in the
Detroit River before and after rainfalls causing
overflows of combined sewers showed that, in at
least this case, effects of these overflows persist for
several days after discharge has ceased, with dura-
tion of effects increasing with increase in the inten-
sity of the storm. Bacterial densities may increase a
thousandfold after moderate rains at sampling
points, within several miles downstream from com-
bined sewer outfalls. Farther downstream, in-
creases in bacterial densities are less, but occur
over greater portions of the stream width. Fecal
coliforms and fecal streptococci follow patterns
similar to those of total coliforms.
W69-01730
THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION IN
PLANNING SEWER SYSTEMS,
T. R. Camp.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 38, No 12, pp 1959-
1962, Dec 1966.
Descriptors: "Overflow, "Sewers, "Water pollu-
tion. Construction costs.
Identifiers: "Sewer separation, "Combined sewers,
"Storm sewers. Suspended solids.
Sewers originally were constructed to drain cellars
and land, and later were permitted to carry sanitary
wastes. Many older cities in the United States have
the combined type of sewer system and now face
the need for separate systems for sanitary waste-
water and stormwater. The costs are estimated to
be $10,000-$20,000/acre ($25,000-$50,000/ha),
not including the cost of possible repairs to storm
sewers. Although only three percent of the annual
wastewater production is discharged by combined
sewer overflows, greater amounts of bacteria and
suspended solids are dislodged by high flows after
storms. Other methods proposed to alleviate over-
flow effects are not so effective as separation.
W69-02121
OVERFLOWS OF SANITARY SEWAGE FROM
COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
Thomas R. Camp.
Sewage and Ind Wastes, Vol 31, No 4, April 1959.
Descriptors: "Overflow, "Storm runoff. Rainfall in-
tensity.
Identifiers: "Capacity, "Interceptor sewers, "Com-
bined sewers.
The author notes that it has been shown that the
average dry weather flow of sanitary sewage is ao-
proximately equal to the runoff from a rainstorm
having an intensity of about 0.01 in/hr. For inter
ceptors having a capacity of 2 x dry weather flow"
more than 90 per cent of sanitary sewage is
discharged in the overflows with a rainfall intensity
of 0.2 in/hr or more. With interceptors having
capacity of 5 x dry weather flow, about 76 per cent
of sanitary sewage is lost during rainstorms having
an intensity of 0.2 in/hr and about 90 percent is lost
during rainstorms having an intensity of 0.5 in/hr
Frequency of overflows indicate that one rnav
occur every 5 to 6 days during summer with inter-
ceptors designed for 1.5 to 3 x average dry weather
flow. Chart of frequency of overflows in days/mo
vs. capacity of interceptors in terms of average drv
weather flow and variable time of concentration
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF 'COM
BINED' SEWERAGE,
R. C. Carter.
J Instn Sanit Engrs, Vol 49, pp 105-27, 1950.
Descriptors: Water pollution control, "Storm ru-
noff, "Overflow, "Sedimentation, Sewage effluent
Sewage sludge.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, "Storage tanks, ln_
terceptor sewers, "Capacity.
The author discusses the possibility of reducina
pollution caused by discharge of storm water from
combined sewers. It would not be economical to
build sewers large enough to carry the max. flow to
be expected, for example once each year, but storm
overflows which discharge to a stream when the
flow exceeds 6 x dry-weather flow cause considera-
ble pollution. Storm tanks are a more satisfactory
method of dealing with storm water, as sedimenta-
tion can take place and the effluent when the tank
overflows is of a less polluting nature. It is sue.
gested that an existing combined sewerage system
could be expanded by constructing large storm
water balancing tanks at various points on the main
intercepting sewer. Storm water could be stored in
these tanks and discharged to the sewers as capaci-
ty is available. A method for calculating the
required capacity of the storm water balancing
tanks is shown in a table. In discussion, Bevan, t
V., Ackers, G. L., and Towscnd, G. B., all stated
that the chief difficulty with the system proposed
would be the removal of the sludge which would
accumulate in the balancing tanks and might give
rise to septic conditions.
W69-02I23
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF COMBINED
R. C. Carter.'
Survr.Vol 108, No 3019, p 743, Dec 16,1949.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, "Overflow, "Weirs
Design, Pumping, Treatment.
Identifiers: "Storage tanks, Suspended solids.
The author states that storm overflow weirs are an
illogical weakness in design and should be
eliminated wherever possible. Overflow from storm
tanks is much to be preferred to storm sewer over
flows as the overflow from the tanks has been rid of
virtually all scttlcable suspended matter. Author
derives a procedure utilizing storm balancing tanks
which take excess storm water from upper laterals
and later return the flow by pumping. Thus the
peaks are removed and all storm water ultimately
gels treatment, either total or at least storm tank
ESTIMATION OF THE FLOOD FLOW AND
DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT IN SEWERAGE
SYSTEMS,
T. Dimchcv.
Trud Nauchnoizsled Inst Vodosnab Kanaliz S-mit
Tekh, Sofia, Vol 1, pp 53-78, 1964.
Descriptors: "Sewage treatment, "Dischan...
(Water), Rainfall intensity. 8e
12
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED—Field 04
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Urban drainage.
Hydrological observations made in 1958-61 in an
area drained by part of the Sofia sewerage system
are reported and analyzed mathematically with
reference to the dry-weather flow and to peak
discharges and discharge coefficients in the main
sewer, including the effects of surface detention of
rain water (which varies with the intensity of rain-
fall), duration of rainfall (which is inversely related
to the peak flow), and the free volume in the sewer.
W69-02125
FOCUS ON RESEARCH. WATER POLLUTION
RESEARCH AND THE MUNICIPAL EN-
GINEER,
A. L. Downing.
JlnstnMunicEngrs,Vol92,ppl85-188,1965.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution. Automatic control,
Instrumentation, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The work and publications of the Water Pollution
Research Laboratory relating to problems encoun-
tered by municipal engineers are outlined. Brief
details are given of recent investigations on the ef-
fects of pollution on fish; the oxygen balance in
rivers and estuaries; the dispersion of sewage from
coastal outfalls; the fundamentals of established
sewage-treatment processes, and the development
of instruments for their automatic control; the
operation of extended-aeration plants; tertiary
treatment for polishing sewage-works effluents; the
inhibition of sludge digestion by detergents and
certain industrial effluents discharged to sewers;
and the composition and flow of storm sewage in
combined systems.
W69-02126
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STORM WATERS
AND COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
D. D. Dunbar, and J. G. F. Henry.
Water and Pollution Control, Vol 105, No 11, p 41,
45,47,52-3, Nov 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Storm ru-
noff, 'Overflow, Design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Capacity, 'Inter-
cepting sewers, 'Storage tanks, Canada, United
States.
Methods and practices in United States and
Canada to improve combined sewer efficiency are
discussed; problem of how large intercepting sewer
capacities should be in relation to average dry
weather flow in combined sewer system is dealt
with' design of storm holding tanks.
W69-02I27
TROUBLE-FREE COMBINED SEWERAGE
SYSTEMS,
L. B. Escritt.
Sum, Vol 113, p 603, July 17, 1954.
Descriptors: Sewers, Pipes, 'Storm runoff,
'Velocity, Design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Capacity.
The author presents both the valid and 'fallacious'
arguments for the preference of separate over com-
bined sewerage systems. He repudiates the most
commonly given reasons for not using combined
system; that is, that the large size pipes necessary
for the storm flow will be silted during dry weather
flow and if the gradient is increased to bring the dry
weather flow to self-cleansing standards, excessive
depth will result. He points out 'that, while increase
of diameter above that required for the flow does
usually reduce velocity, this reduction is very small
indeed, so that in the majority of instances a com-
bined sewer has a satisfactory self-cleansing
gradient if it is laid to the same gradient as would be
adopted for the soil sewer if the system were to be
made separate.' An example is given.
W69-02128
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM OF BALANC-
ING RATE OF FLOW AND STRENGTH OF
SEWAGE,
L. B. Escritt.
Survr.Vol 104,p221, 1945.
Descriptors: Design, 'Weirs, 'Sewage treatment,
•Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
The design of weirs for separating storm water to
be given partial treatment is discussed. Discussed
design of storm water tanks having a 6-hour dry
weather flow capacity.
W69-02129
AKRON MONITORS COMBINED SEWER
OVERFLOWS,
E. Gates.
Pub Works, Vol 98, No I, pp 90-1, Jan 1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Instrumentation, Pump-
ing, 'Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Interceptor
sewers, Akron (Ohio).
Description of monitor and control units for com-
bined sewer system (see Engineering Index 1963 p
716); basic equipment consists of Tel-Eye liquid
contact sensors at pump stations and connections
between storms and interceptors, Telstep telemetry
units signaling over leased telegraph channel lines,
and master panel at sewer maintenance headquar-
ters.
W69-02130
STORM WATER AND COMBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
S. A. Greeley, and P. E. Langdon.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 87, No SA1,
1961.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution. Storms, Sewers, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand. Sewage treatment, 'Chlorination,
'Pathogenic bacteria.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
Most of the larger and older cities in the U. S. A.
are served by combined sewerage systems resulting
in pollution of waterways through overflows during
storms. Such pollution could be removed by
complete separation of storm water and sanitary
sewage by the construction of a new system of sani-
tary sewers, but this would be expensive and incon-
venient and is therefore of limited application. The
interception and treatment of the dry weather flow
and the first flushings of storm water will reduce
the volume of sewage discharged through over-
flows to about 3 per cent of the total sewage flow,
and with complete treatment of the intercepted
flow about 90 per cent of the BOD can be removed.
Treatment of intermittent discharges from over-
flows by retention and Chlorination to remove
floating solids and bacterial contamination can also
improve conditions in receiving streams at reasona-
ble cost.
W69-02I3I
INTERCEPTING SEWERS AND STORM
STANDBY TANKS AT COLUMBUS, OHIO,
J. H. Gregory, R. H. Simpson, and O. Bonney.
ASCE Proc, Vol 59, p 8, Oct 1933.
Descriptors: Design, Construction, 'Overflow,
•Rainfall intensity, 'Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Interceptor sewers,
Columbus (Ohio).
Design, construction, and operation of sewerage
system extension which is to provide for estimated
population of 643,000 in I960; overflow of sewage
to rivers and streams; relieving unsanitary condi-
tions in Scioto River and in Alum Creek; intensity,
duration and frequency rainfall curves; function of
storm standby tanks; cost data.
W69-02132
COMBINED SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE WITH
LIMITED RAW WATER INLET,
Walo Von Greyerz.
Trans of Int Conf on Sanit Eng, London, pp 170-
80, 1924.
Descriptors: Pipes, Sewers, 'Storm runoff, 'Rain-
fall intensity, 'Runoff forecasting, Drainage
systems, 'Intakes, Construction costs.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Capacity, 'Cellar
flooding.
The combined system of sewerage while having
many advantages is at times criticized because of
excessive cost on account of the large pipe sizes
required to accomodate the maximum run-off from
severe storms which are of short duration. Lack of
attention to this condition results in flooded cellars.
These objections may be overcome to a large ex-
tent by designing the inlets for a limited capacity
which the sewer can accomodate and utilizing the
storage capacity of the streets to hold the surplus
runoff. The streets are thus temporarily flooded to
a depth of an inch or two. When the rate of
precipitation slackens the stored water quickly
drains off through the inlets. This limitation of rain
water inlets unites both the simplicity and efficien-
cy of the combined system and two of the ad-
vantages of the separate system, namely freedom
from risk of cellar flooding and reduced construc-
tion cost. Data are presented for the town of Fal-
kenburg for which such a system was designed, tak-
ing into account the various street grades and
resultant gutter capacities. The methods of com-
puting rates of run-off, inlet sizes, etc. are given in
some detail. The discussion disclosed that this
method was also in use in India and Panama.
W69-02I33
RATIONAL DETERMINATION OF STORM
OVERFLOWS FROM INTERCEPTING
SEWERS,
S. G. Hess, and F. G. Manning.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 22, pp 145-53,
1950.
Descriptors: Design, 'Overflow, Storms, Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Combined
sewers.
A method is described for designing intercepters
for use with combined sewer systems based on dry
weather flow and run-off of a selected storm.
W69-02134
STORM WATER OVERFLOW IN EXISTING
COMBINED SEWERS,
H. Hoffman.
Bauamt Gemeindebau, Vol 31, p 269, 1958.
Descriptors: Design, Sewers, *Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Sewage treatment, 'Oxidation lagoons,
'Hydraulic design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The author describes the design of a sewer section
by which storm water up to a given dilution is
retained and can be discharged to an oxidation pit
before reaching the stream. Hydraulic require-
ments arc discussed and a sketch plan is given.
W69-02135
WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
IN BERLIN,
K. Huhnerbcrg.
Gas Wasserfach, Vol 104, pp 1203-1213, 1963.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Capacity, Berlin
(Germany).
A detailed illustrated description is given of the
sources and treatment of water supply and of
sewage disposal in the area of West Berlin from the
Elbc-Saalc to the Oder and Ncissc. Increased de-
mands due to industrial development have neccs-
13
-------
Field 04-SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED
stated extensions and reconstructions of existing
water works and construction of new water works
and sewage-treatment plants. The performance of
the various water works is tabulated. Finally, the
author discusses the advantages of combined over
separate sewerage systems and the design and
dimensions of sedimentation tanks and storm-water
overflows.
W69-02136
EQUIPMENT, METHODS AND RESULTS
FROM WASHINGTON, D C, COMBINED
SEWER OVERFLOW STUDIES,
C. Frank Johnson.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 33, July 1961.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Design, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, "Combined sewers,
Washington, D.C.
The study provided city officials with engineering
estimates of the actual overflows of sanitary
sewage, both present and future, which were of
great help in developing and promoting the pro-
gram of sewerage improvements.
W69-02137
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COM-
BINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
P. Kisser.
Gesundheitsing, Vol 81,245, 1960.
Descriptors: Sewers, Design, *Storm runoff,
•Overflow, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Capacity,
'Storage tanks.
The author discusses the advantages of combined
over separate sewerage systems and the design and
dimensions of storm-water overflows and sedimen-
tation tanks.
W69-02138
SEPARATE SYSTEMS-COMBINED SYSTEMS,
E. Kuntze.
AbwassTechnik.Vol 17,No I,pp8-10, 1966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Sewage treatment, Water
pollution, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Pumping,
Groundwater, Velocity.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The author discusses, on the basis of experience,
the advantages, disadvantages and economics of
existing sewerage systems and compares the effi-
ciency of the separate system with the combined
system. Taking into account the requirements for
sewage treatment and prevention of pollution of
streams, detailed information is given on how risks
of pollution by storm-sewage overflows and rain-
water pumps can be avoided. Taking into con-
sideration the availability of existing sewerage
systems, receiving waters, and local conditions, the
author suggests that it must be decided individually
whether the separate or the combined system is
preferable. Where a new sewerage system is to be
installed and good ground-water conditions prevail,
the combined system was found to be more
economical and adaptable; however, where the
velocity of flow is low and a higher water level is
required, the separate system is preferable espe-
cially when mineral substances can be washed away
by the storm-sewage system.
W69-02139
THE TRUNK SEWER SYSTEM AND THE
SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF UTRECHT. HISTORY AND TECHNI-
CAL LAY-OUT,
M. Lugt.
Ingenieur's Grav, Vol 77, G.I-G.7 and G.9-G.20,
1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Utrecht (Nether-
lands).
After outlining the events that led to the construc-
tion of sewage-treatment facilities at Utrecht, the
Netherlands, the author gives an illustrated
description of the combined sewerage system and
new treatment plant. The plant, which is designed
to serve a population of 400,000, provides treat-
ment by high-rate biological filtration with recircu-
lation of effluent. Sludge is digested in two stages,
dried on beds and used as fertilizer; sludge gas is
used in dual-fuel engines to generate electncity.
W69-02140
PROGRESS REPORT-ASCE COMBINED
SEWER SEPARATION PROJECT,
M. B. McPherson.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 12, pp61-2,Dec 1967.
Descriptors: Pumping, 'Design, 'Equipment,
Velocity, 'Head loss, 'Pressure conduits, Pipes,
Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer separation.
Residential sewers.
General concept for separation of combined
sewerage systems involves pumping comminuted or
ground sewage from individual buildings through
pressure tubing to new and separate sanitary
sewage pressure conduits to treatment works; in-
vestigation of existing comminutpr installations;
research to establish design criteria for minimum
transport velocities of sewage in pressure pipes;
research on head losses for pipe within combined
sewer; field investigations into feasibility of insert-
ing pressure tubing in existing building sewers;
letting of contracts to develop household grinder-
storage-pump units and hanger system for suspend-
ing pressure conduit in combined sewers.
W69-02141
ASCE COMBINED SEWER SEPARATION PRO-
JECT PROGRESS,
M. B. McPherson.
Conference Preprint 548, American Society of
Civil Engineers National Meeting on Water
Resources Engineering, New York, NY, Oct 16-20,
1967.2 Ip, rets.
Descriptors: Overflow, Velocity, Computer pro-
grams.
Identifiers: 'Sewer-within-sewer, 'Combined
sewers, 'Sewer separation.
Over 100 persons, including staff members of vari-
ous subcontracting organizations, are actively stu-
dying the 'sewer-within-sewer' concept of com-
bined sewer separation, of pumping ground sewage
from individual buildings through relatively small
pressure tubing. Experimental and field data are
being collected on grinding and pumping devices,
installation of tubing in shallow trenches in place of
non-walk-through sewers, types of tubing and con-
nections, effect of installation on sewer surcharge
capacity, transport velocity, and computer simula-
tion, among others. About two dozen reports are
expected, including some on concomitant solid
waste disposal, and home-owner acceptability.
W69-02142
WEST HARTLEPOOL SEWERAGE SCHEME
WILL CLEAN BEACHES,
J. S. Miles.
Munic Eng, London, Vol 141, p 47, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Outlets,
Pumping, Water pollution control, 'Recreation
facilities.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Great Britain.
Work is in progress on a major sewerage scheme
for West Hartlepool C.B.C., aimed at cleaning up 3
miles of beach and inshore waters between New-
burn Bridge and the mouth of the river Tees. West
Hartlepool is sewered on the combined system,
most of the borough being drained through 3 out-
falls. The scheme will be carried out in 2 main
stages, providing first for the reconstruction of the
existing outfalls as storm-water overflows and the
construction of 3 pumping stations together with
means of mascerating the sewage, and second, jf
conditions in Hartlepool bay are found to be suita.
ble, for the laying of a long outfall buried in the sea
bed.
W69-02143
DESIGN OF RAIN OVERFALLS IN DRAINAGE
NETWORKS AND SEWAGE TREATMENT
PLANTS,
G. Mueller-Neuhaus.
Gesundsheits-Ing, Vol 71, pp 9-10, 149-52 Mav
1950. ' ^"
Descriptors: Drainage systems, 'Storm runoff
'Water pollution. Design, 'Overflow, Sewane
treatment. ^^
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Design of rain overfalls in drainage networks and
sewage treatment plants; considerable difference
between run-off and sewage flow off with varying
density of population; average pollutions of city
waste water; degree of dilution required fa,
sewage, diagrams, charts.
W69-02147
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STORM-WATER PRO.
TECnVE MEASURES ON THE SEWARc
SYSTEM, K
W. Munz.
Schweiz Z Hydrol, Vol 28, pp 184-237, 1966.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Sewage treatment
'Overflow, Biochemical oxygen demand!
'Planning, Sewage effluent. Water pollution con-
trol, 'Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks.
'Calculations, Suspended solids.
The author describes the mathematical analysis of
the effect and efficiency of various decisions which
might be necessary in planning treatment for the
flow from a combined sewerage system, and calcu-
lates the annual amounts of setteable solids and
BOD which may be removed by various settings of
storm-sewage overflows and volumes of storage
tanks. Storage tanks are useful when high degrees
of treatment are required. The relation between
rainfall and run-off from various types of terrain
the duration of run-off, and the quality of sewage in
a combined system are considered, and the relation
between the required quality of final effluent and
the volume of the aeration tanks in an activated
sludge plant arc estimated. ~
W69-02I45
SEWER
FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED
SYSTEMS,
C. L. Palmer.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 35, 162, Feb 1963.
Descriptors: 'Design, Storm runoff, Rainfall inten
sity. Water quality, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tank*
•Capacity. ^
Any properly designed and constructed combined
sewer, without making use of the storm water
storage, will produce results in the range of 98 per
cent efficiency and any expenditure of public fund!
to improve its operation should not be made lima
necessity can be clearly shown. The adoption of the
plan of designing storm water storage into conk
bined systems to the extent possible or desirable
will increase the efficiency of any combined system
correspondingly. Generally speaking, the designing
of storm water storage into a combined system in.
creases the cost very little. Adding this feature to
an existing system would cost more but would still
not be a major expenditure. Separate systems will
discharge to the receiving waters with every storm
exceeding 0.03 in/hr or about 89 times each year
for the area studied, and the quality of the storm.
water discharge will be objectionable and closekT
comparable to that from a combined system Con,
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED—Field 04
bined systems, designed to make use of 'volumetric
storage' for the containment of storm water, and
based on the volume of a 1-year storm, would
discharge to the receiving water only from 3 to 5
times each year, with a duration of about 0.4 per
cent of total time, which corresponds to an efficien-
cy of about 99.6 per cent.
W69-02146
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
Carlysle Pemberton.
Water Resources Engng Conf, ASCE, Milwaukee,
Wis, May 13-17,1963,20 p, 2 fig, 14 ref.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Flow measurement,
•Water pollution, 'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Suspended solids,
Chicago (III).
A study was made of flow rates and composition of
overflows from a large combined sewer serving a
residential area of 8.6 square miles with a popula-
tion of 144,300. Overflows occurred during 1.7 per
cent of the time, in a 14-month period when rainfall
was about 75 percent of normal. Gross bacterial
pollution was discharged during overflows, limiting
the use of the receiving waters from a public health
standpoint. Suspended solids concentration in the
overflow was greater on the average than that of
dry weather flow, with considerable variation as-
sociated with rainfall intensity and time since the
last storm. The 5-day BOD concentration in the
overflow averaged about one-half that of dry
weather flow, and was found to decrease with time
after overflow started. The total BOD load
discharged during overflows was 2.5 times the dry
weather BOD load for the same number of hours.
By extension of the observed data, it is estimated
that the BOD load resulting from combined sewer
overflows accounts for about 19 per cent of the
total BOD load in the canal system serving the
Chicago area.
W69-02147
FREQUENCY OF FLOW OVER STORM-
WATER OVERFLOWS AND STORAGE POSSI-
BILITIES IN THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
S. Pfeiff.
Gas Wasserfach, Vol 103, p 84,1962.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: Capacity.
From investigations of the frequency of action of
storm-water overflows, the factors which must be
taken into account in calculations are discussed
and the possibility and importance of increasing the
storage capacity of the sewerage system are con-
sidered.
W69-02I48
NEW PRINCIPLES FOR THE ARRANGEMENT
OF STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
S. Pfeiff.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 79. pp 208-13,1958.
Descriptors: Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Design,
Construction.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Calculations.
Variations in the requirements for storm water
overflows in combined sewerage systems are
discussed and the generally accepted process of
calculation is described. The basic requirements of
overflows and the extent to which these are met by
modem methods of construction are considered.
W69-02149
NEW PROCESS FOR SIMPLE CALCULATION
OF DILUTION VALUES FOR STORM WATER
OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED SEWERAGE
SYSTEMS,
S. Pfeiff.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 77, pp 74-7.1956.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Dilution, 'Combined
The author discusses the uncertainties involved in
the usual processes for the calculation of storm
water overflows with the help of fixed dilution
figures. He recommends the use of local frequency
curves based on rainfall statistics, from which in
each case a value can be determined for the rainfall
limit at which the overflow comes into action. He
shows how the overflow and the dilution can be re-
liably calculated from this limiting figure.
W69-02150
UNDERFLOW SEWERS FOR CHICAGO,
Milton Pikarsky, and C. J. Keifer.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 5, pp 62-65, May 1967.
Descriptors: 'Tunnels, 'Tunnel construction,
•Discharge (Water), 'Construction costs, 'Com-
puter programs, 'Overflow, Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Chicago (111),
'Storage tanks, 'Mole' tunneling.
Chicago plans to use a tunneling mole to construct
a large tunnel under the rivers and canals into
which all of its combined sewers would discharge.
The cost of building the tunnel, referred to as the
'underflow mainstream', using this method is $2
million less than that for the conventional open-cut
method of construction. The underflow system was
simulated by a computer study, the results of which
are tabulated. It is felt that the underflow sewer will
demonstrate the feasibility of constructing
economically a detention resevoir to greatly reduce
the river pollution cuased by overflows from com-
bined sewers, far below the surface in public right
of way, while providing the conveyance capacity to
reduce basement and underpass flooding. It should
also demonstrate the practicability of constructing
an enlarged underflow mainstream system to serve
the entire City of Chicago and the surrounding
metropolitan area.
W69-02I51
COMBINED SEWER STUDY,
Herbert G. Poertner.
APWA Reporter, p 6, June 1967.
Descriptors: 'Surveys.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
A brief announcement of an FWPC contract to the
APWA Research Foundation concerned with com-
bined sewers is presented. On-site personal inter-
views will provide detailed information on the com-
bined sewer systems of approximately 900 commu-
nities. Officials of all cities of over 25,000 popula-
tion plus a maximum of 30% of those in smaller
communities will be interviewed.
W69-02152
EFFECT OF STORM WATER ON THE
SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE RECEIVING
STREAMS,
F. Popel.
Kommunalwirtschaft, Vol 9, p 340,1957.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Planning, 'Overflow,
•Water pollution.
Identifiers: Urban drainage, 'Combined sewers.
The author discusses, with special reference to
planning of new towns, the effect on streams of
storm water overflows in combined sewerage
systems. Calculation of the permissible amount
must be based on the annual amount of discharge
and of polluting matter in it, the self-purifying
capacity of the stream, and the use made of the
stream water. Investigations are required into the
condition of the storm water in modern conditions
of traffic and efforts should be made to develop a
reliable method of assessing the self-purifying
power of a stream receiving sudden discharges of
polluting matter.
W69-02153
EXTENSIVE SEWERAGE WILL CURB POLLU-
TION OF A BAY,
Frederick E. Potter.
Pub Works, Vol 95, pp !04-05,Oct 1946.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage
treatment, Outlets, Estuaries, Construction costs.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Interceptor
sewers.
Article discusses the pollution problems encoun-
tered by the City of Portland, Maine. The mu-
nicipality is subdivided into nine watersheds, all of
which drain to tidal water outlets. The effect of
tides plus combined sewerage discharge from the
heavily populated areas around 'Back Cove' has
created an undesirable situation. Initially, a master
plan was developed in 1943 to eliminate pollution
within this area by construction of interceptor
sewers, pumping stations, treatment plant, and out-
fall sewer. Recently, construction was completed
on the south shore of 'Back Cove' at an expendi-
ture of approximately $11/2 million. Construction
is expected to begin shortly on the remaining por-
tions of the sewage treatment facilities around
Back Cove Bay.
W69-02154
THE STORM-WATER COMPROMISE,
F. J. Ribbius, and G. Kragt.
Gas Wasserfach, Vol 103, p 498,1962.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Overflow, 'Design, Sewage sludge. Pumping.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Dilution, 'Calcu-
lations, Capacity, 'Netherlands.
On the basis of experience in the Netherlands the
authors discuss the design of combined sewerage
systems and suitable compromises between the
requirements of sewage purification and preven-
tion of pollution of streams, with special reference
to the calculation of dilution and the design of
storm overflows. To avoid the risk of pollution by
stirred-up sludge at storm overflows, methods are
developed for calculating the frequency of over-
flow and the relation of storage to discharge
capacity with reference to the installation of rain-
water pumps. Graphs for the calculations required
for the application of these principles are given and
their application to projects for combined sewerage
systems is discussed.
W69-02I55
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING
INTERCEPTORS,
Erik Riis-Carstensen.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Oct 1955.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Rainfall intensity,
'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Buffalo (N. Y.),
•Suspended solids, 'Storage tanks.
For the Buffalo New York area, author has derived
a characteristic factor for a district 'Ch' which is a
ratio of average dry weather flow (gpd) to the ru-
noff (cfs) during a uniform rainfall of 1 inch/hr
(Ch= d over c). Study of sewage quality or strength
during a 0.55 inch/rain indicates flow doubled,
suspended solids 4-5 times, BOD in ppm decreased
about 1/3, but total load was higher. During the
rain the flow was 5 times and the suspended solids
rose to 1220 ppm over an average dry weather con-
centration of 186 ppm. Author stresses point that
the biggest contributor to the suspended solids is
the material deposited in the sewers themselves
during dwf. Recommends that sewers be con-
structed to be self-cleansing and also favors small
storm water tanks be located on laterals and
branches, storm water collected would augment
dwf and help keep sewers clean.
W69-02I56
A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLLUTION
PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN
THE CITY OF LONDON, ONT,
C. C. Rutherford.
15
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Field 04—SEWER SYSTEMS - COMBINED
Water Poll Control, Ont, Vol 105, No 5, pp 66-69,
71,1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, *Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Urban drainage.
An historical description is given of pollution
problems and control measures in London, Ont.,
which by the late 1950's was served by 3 over-
loaded sewage works. Problems included gross pol-
lution of the Thames River by overflows from com-
bined sewers, run-off from septic-tank areas, and
flows from industrial sources. Subsequent annexa-
tion led to the acquisition of 3 more works; one of
the original plants has been closed down and the
others have been expanded and modernized. In ad-
dition, an industrial waste control programme has
been begun, and pollution of the river has been
considerably reduced.
W69-02157
A FLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR
SYSTEM FOR THE METROPOLITAN ST.
LOUIS SEWER DISTRICT,
W. G. Shifrin, G. K. Hasegawa, and V. C. Lischer.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39, pp 313-333,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Storm runoff.
Discharge (Water), Pumping, 'Tunnels, Design,
Construction.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Combined
sewers, 'Urban drainage, St. Louis (Mo).
St. Louis, Mo., is divided into three main drainage
areas, draining respectively to the Mississippi
River, Coldwater Creek, and Sugar Creek. A new
sewage works is to be constructed at Bissell Point
to serve the northern part of the Mississippi River
drainage area, where at present there is a combined
sewerage system discharging untreated sewage and
storm run-off direct to the river. The advantages
and disadvantages of different types of intercepting
sewer to carry the sewage to the treatment plant
were studied, and it was decided to install the
flooded-tunnel type, in which the sewage is allowed
to rise in the wet well of the pumping station at the
treatment plant to such a level that the upstream
hydraulic gradient allows all diversion structures to
operate with a free fall as in a gravity system. The
design and construction of the interceptor system
are outlined and the proposed method of opera-
tion, which will depend on river stage and weather
conditions, is described in detail.
W69-02158
HOW TO ANALYZE COMBINED SEWAGE-
STORMWATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS,
R. H. Stanley.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 3, No 3, pp 58-61,
March 1966 and pp 48-50, April 1966.
Descriptors: 'Hydraulics, 'Biochemical oxygen de-
mand. Rain, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution, Drainage, Computer programs.
identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Combined sewers.
Method of analysis proposed involves field mea-
surement of system hydraulic characteristics and
condition; using these hydraulic characteristics and
past records of BOD levels and rainfall, overflow
quantity and pollution contribution may be calcu-
lated; proposed method is adaptable to analysis of
system or drainage area changes; it can be per-
formed economically and in relatively short period
of time; calculations involved can be handled by
means of digital computer.
W69-02159
DIVERSION FACTORS FOR COMBINED
SEWERS BASED ON SEWAGE AND STREAM
ANALYSES,
R. J. Theroux, and R. L. Meek.
Eng News Rec, Vol 139, p 734, 1947.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand. Dissolved oxygen.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Interceptor
sewers, 'Capacity.
A rational method of determining the diversion fac-
tor for storm overflow is described in which the or-
ganic load of the sewage, in terms of BOD, is
balanced against the purifying power of the stream
as indicated by the flow, deoxygenation, and
reaeration consts., BOD, and dissolved oxygen con-
tent of the water above the point of diversion. The
method enables the maintenance of safe dissolved
oxygen contents in the receiving stream without
providing unneeded interceptor capacity. The
diversion factor should not be less than 1.5.
W69-02160
ONE CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
OF COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
D. H. Waller.
Water Sewage Works, Vol 114, pp 113-117,1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Sewage treatment,
'Chlorination, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Storage tanks.
Urban drainage, 'Combined sewers.
A description is given of the design and operation
of one of two retention tanks constructed to
prevent overflows into Halifax Harbour from the
'Arm sewer', an interceptor sewer which drains the
west and north-west sections of Halifax, Novia
Scotia, which are served almost entirely by com-
bined sewers. The tank, which has a capacity of 1
mil. gal, is provided with an aerated detritus tank
through which dry-weather flow passes direct to
the interceptor sewer after screening; but when
flow in the sewer reaches a maximal level, passage
through the detritus tanks is stopped, and the reten-
tion tank fills, providing 15-min detention at a
design peak flow of 150 ft (3) per sec before over-
flowing to the Arm sewer. Arrangements are made
for chlorination to continue as long as the rate of
inflow exceeds the rate of outflow to the intercep-
tor. If the intensity and duration of the storm are
sufficient to fill the tank, the chlorinated sewage is
discharged to the harbour.
W69-02161
THE TRUNK SEWER SYSTEM AND THE
SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF UTRECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACI-
TY OF SEWERS AND PUMP REGIME,
J. W. C. Wammis.
Ingenieur'sGrav, Vol 77,G. 23-G.31, 1965.
Descriptors: 'Flow control, 'Pumping, 'Sewers,
Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Utrecht (Nether-
lands), Capacity.
The sewerage of Utrecht, Netherlands, is designed
as a combined system. To obtain maximal efficien-
cy of operation at the sewage works it is important
to equalize the flow to the plant throughout the
day, and this is achieved by utilizing the storage
capacity of the sewers and by selecting a suitable
relation between the capacities of the pumps in the
various pumping stations and the numbers of hours
during which they operate. The pumps are
operated by remote control from the main pumping
station at the sewage works.
W69-02162
COMBINED VS SEPARATE SYSTEMS OF
SEWERAGE,
A. R. Ward.
Sum, Vol 81, No 2093, pp 299-300, March 4,
1932.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution.
Pumping, Sewers, 'Deposition (Sediments).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
Discussion of sewerage systems; river pollution by
storm water; deposition of solids in main sewers;
combined system; pumping.
W69-02163
DESIGN AND WET
SEWAGE WORKS
WEATHER FLOWS,
R. K. Williams, and C. G . Wells.
J Inst Sew Purif, Pt 3, 36 1 , 1 959.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Storm runoff,
treatment. 'Sewage effluent, 'Waste dilution
Water pollution. ^^
The design of sewage works is usually based on the.
estimated dry weather flow, and the authors co*.
sider that more attention should be paid to wot
weather flows. They suggest that full treatment
should be provided for all flows up to 3 times dry
weather flow; that flows from 3 to 5 times dry
weather flow should be screened and settled; and
that flows in excess of 5 times dry weather 'flow
should be screened. In all cases the by-passed
sewage should be mixed with the fully-treated ef-
fluent to dilute it before discharge. The frequency
of peak flows in Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia. £
discussed. The probable polluting effect of the dif-
ferent degrees of treatment and the effect of the
suggested requirements on the design of the various
treatment units are considered. ^^
W69-02164
05. SEWER SYSTEMS -
SANITARY
MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE.
Can Mun Utilities (Sewerage Manual and Directo-
ry) pp 28-45, 88-92, 1964.
Descriptors: Water pollution control, 'Rivers,
'Design, 'Construction, 'Tunnels.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Nine short articles by eight authors discussing vari-
ous aspects of municipal sewerage, cover pollution
control for small and large municipalities and sani-
tary sewer systems, design of sewer appurtenances.
design and construction of sewers in open cut, and
of tunnel sewers, and construction safetv Dractic-o^
W69-01731 ^
INFILTRATION INTO SEWERS.
NZ Eng, Vol 14, pp 233-238, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
In 1957 the Council of the New Zealand Institution
of Engineers set up a committee to investigate into
the excessive infiltration and entry of storm water
into sanitary sewers. In the first report of the com.
mittcc, the results of a questionnaire sent to various
authorities are summarized, and conclusions drawn
therefrom are studied. It appears that storm-water
entry and/or infiltration is serious in 75 per cent of
the systems studied. H is recommended that further
investigation should be made into causes of infiltra-
tion and possible remedies, including the prepara-
tion of a code of good practice in the laying of
sewers and drains. * ^
W69-01732
EXFILTRATION TESTING OF
SEWERS.
Public Works, p 108, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Construction.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, 'Sewer exfiltration
Infiltration and exfiltration methods for ground
water leakage into sewers are compared. Tests
were performed on sewer pipes rungin g from 27 io
72 in. Test results showed that exfiltration testino in
a valuable tool in sewer construction .
W69-OI733
16
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SEWER SYSTEMS - SANITARY-Fietd 05
HANDLING SANITARY SEWAGE AND STORM
WATER, ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION.
Wastes Eng, Vol 31, No 4, p 215, April 1960.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Sewers, Settling basins,
•Equipment, 'Maintenance.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
Primarily interested in effect of storm water on
flushing out of sanitary lines with resulting loss of
effectiveness of grit chambers and overloading of
settling tanks. Essentially an operational forum on
equipment usage and effects on maintenance.
W69-01734
SEWER INFILTRATION.
Water Wastes Eng, Vol 4, No 10, p 22, Oct 1967.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Pipes, Sealants, Pumping,
'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, 'Residential
sewers, 'Suspended solids.
Engineers of sewage treatment facilities in six areas
of the U.S. were surveyed concerning sewer infil-
tration: frequency of determination of the extent of
infiltration, percentage of sewer flow resulting from
infiltration, steps to reduce infiltration, and effect
of infiltration on the treatment plant operation. In-
filtration was reported to be a problem in each
area. Steps used to curb infiltration were: prompt
repair of broken or damaged sewers, replacement
of sewer pipe with pipes of materials better suited
for the area, and enforcement of ordinances
prohibiting footing drains and downspouts. High
cost prevented the use of sewer linings and chemi-
cally-sealed joints. Root infestation was also a
problem in each area surveyed. It is the most dif-
ficult source of infiltration to locate and correct
and may account for as much as 50% of total infil-
tration. Infiltration affected treatment plant opera-
tion by increasing the cost of pumping and reduc-
ing BOD and suspended solids. Percentage of the
total flow in the sewers resulting from infiltration
was estimated to vary between 10 and 50%.
W69-01735
EFFECTS OF INFILTRATION,
David P. Backmeyer.
Water Pollut Control Fed J, Vol 32, No 5, pp 539-
540, May 1960.
Descriptors: 'Pumping, 'Corrosion, 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, Florida.
The problems of infiltration of both fresh and salt
water in the sewage collection and treatment plants
in Florida are briefly discussed. Because of the flat-
ness of the land many more pumping stations are
necessary in Florida cities than is usual. This mag-
nifies the overflow problem. Problems include cor-
rosion of treatment facilities by salt and other
chemicals in sea water.
W69-01736
RESIDENTIAL USE AND MISUSE OF SANITA-
RY SEWERS,
Grants. Bell.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 35, Jan 1963.
Descriptors: Sewers, Cities, 'Construction, 'Qulai-
ty control.
Identifiers: 'Residential sewers.
Experience in Kentucky has already proven that it
would have been much easier for the cities to have
acted firmly on the matter of overloading of sanita-
ry sewers by residence drainage than to suffer the
consequences of leaving private sewers to builders'
and owners' methods. Quality control of private
sewer construction and regulation of the use of
sewers are imperative to a totally successful sanita-
ry sewer system.
W69-OI737
DETECTION AND SEALING OF LEAKS IN
SEWERS,
B. W. Brunton.
Can Mun Utilities, Vol 101, No 12, pp 22-3, Dec
1963.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Sealants, Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
New chemical grouting method tried in Sudbury,
Ont., to repair gaps between joints in sewer system
and prevent infiltration consists of TV camera and
rejointer apparatus attached to cable drawn
through sewer lines, when leak joint is noticed,
rejointer is drawn to edge of pipe joint, then drawn
required distance to have it centered at joint which
is then confined and calked by remote control
using chemical grouting material; rejointer consists
of hollow aluminum cylinder slightly smaller in
diameter than pipe, encased in rubber jacket which
is strapped to cylinder at ends and at center.
W69-01738
PIPE JOINTS LIMIT INFILTRATION,
G. W. Clark, Jr., and M. L. Leyrer.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 1, pp 62-3, Jan 1967.
Descriptors: Sewers, Construction, 'Manholes.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
City engineers in Muskegon, Mich, designed sanita-
ry sewer trunk that would be placed in area having
high water table; limiting infiltration was most im-
portant; this was accomplished through use of
rubber O-ring joint gaskets, and good construction
and inspection procedures; tests on completed line
show infiltration to between 14.5 and 55.7% of
maximum allowable rate of 200 gal/in, of internal
diameter per mile of pipe per day; much of this in-
filtration took place at precast manhole joints,
which did not have rubber O-ring joint specified.
W69-01739
THE INFILTRATION PROBLEM IN SEWAGE
COLLECTION SYSTEMS,
Arthur A. DeFraites.
Southwest Water Works J, Vol 44, No 10, Jan
1963.
Descriptors: 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
The author discusses the sewage infiltration
problem and gives his views on how near he be-
lieves it is to being solved.
W69-01740
EXFILTRATION TESTING OF LARGE
SEWERS IN KANSAS CITY, MO.,
J. F. Fladung, and L. W. Weller.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 4, No 9, pp 87-9, Sept
1967 and No 10, pp 60-63, Oct 1967.
Descriptors: Sewers, Manholes, Water pollution
control.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, 'Leak detection,
•KansasCity (Mo).
Test results discussed are for sewers constructed of
reinforced concrete pipe, with manholes included
in test sections; exfiltration specification used per-
mits leakage of 200 gal/in, of ID/mi/24 hr; data arc
presented on several contracts under Kansas City's
pollution abatement program; exfiltration test con-
ditions and results arc summarized.
W69-0174I
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF
SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM DESIGN,
J. C. Geyer, and J. J. Lcntz.
J Water Poll Control Fed. Vol 38, No 7, p 1138,
July 1966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Design, 'Storm runoff.
Construction, 'Groundwatcr.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, 'Residential
sewers.
A study of sewer systems in four communities
revealed that flow of domestic wastewater follows
indoor water use and undergoes little seasonal
change. Per-capita use increases with the economic
status of the area. Flows of stormwater and ground-
water infiltration often exceed domestic flows con-
siderably where poor sewer construction and illicit
connection to the system are prevalent. Stoppages
are caused chiefly by roots and accumulated
deposits, the latter especially at the upper ends of
systems. Bitumastic joints are most resistant to root
penetration; newer materials have not been evalu-
ated. Other causes of stoppages are slug discharges
of grease and mud from construction.
W69-01742
ELIMINATING INFILTRATION OF GROUND
WATER INTO SEWERS,
J. Godbehere.
Survr, London, Vol 121, 1962.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement. Sewers, 'Sea-
lants, 'Groundwater.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
The author summarizes events which led to the ap-
plication of Terraseal for controlling infiltration of
ground water into sewers in the rural district of
Amersham, Bucks. As a result of infiltration the
cost of disposing of sewage, which is discharged to
the West Herts Main Drainage Authority, became
disproportionate to the population served. A
method of assessing flow, used in river gauging, was
used to determine volume of infiltration between
sampling points. Initial measures to control infiltra-
tion were unsatisfactory, but a new chemical grout-
ing process using Terraseal has resulted in a high
degree of success. Terraseal is a form of sodium al-
ginate capable of forming viscous solutions and of
being converted to a stable jelly; addition of a suita-
ble inhibitor to the solution during preparation
prevents micro-organisms from attacking the jelly.
The method of application is described.
W69-OI743
SEWER DESIGN-INFILTRATION DETECTION
AND CORRECTION,
B. J. Haney.
Louisiana State Univ-Eng Res Station-Bui 83. pp
55-71, 1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Design, Pipes, Construc-
tion.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration. Leak detection.
Calculation of capacity of sewer system, sizing of
pipe, determination of pipe slope, selection of pipe
material, and proper installation of pipe as basic
steps in design of gravity sewer system.
W69-01744
•SMOKING OUT' ILLEGAL HOUSE DRAINS,
A. Larmon.
Wastes Eng, Vol 34, No 11, p 603. Nov 1963.
Descriptors: Sewers, Manholes. Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Residential sewers, 'Downspouts.
Smoke testing equipment consisting of portable
1500 cfm Homclitc blower connected by canvas
air-duct to sheet of 3/4-in. plywood lined with
sponge rubber to fit over manhole was used to
locate downspouts connected to sanitary sower
system in South Charleston, W Va; smoke was ap-
plied in manhobe by lighting smoke bomb on suc-
tion side of blower and discharging it through man-
hole into sewer.
W69-01745
INFILTRATION AND SEWER FOUNDATIONS,
F. W. Mac-Donald, J. K. Mayer, and S. E. Stcimlc.
Pub Works, Vol 98. No 12. pp !05-7,Dcc 1967.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Design.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration. Gulf Coast.
17
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Field 05—SEWER SYSTEMS - SANITARY
Study was initiated to determine most suitable
foundation materials and best types of sewer ar-
rangements, under various conditions, which will
effectively decrease and control infiltration in Gulf
Coast area, and to test various foundation materials
and arrangements in combination with various lay-
ing conditions in order to determine most suitable
bedding in number of soil types common to area.
W69-01746
INFILTRATION AND SEWER FOUNDATIONS,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, La.
John K. Mayer, F. W. MacDonald, and S. E.
Steimle.
Public Works, pp 105-107, Dec, 1967.
Descriptors: *Sewers, 'Construction.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, *Gulf Coast.
A study on the most suitable foundation materials
and best types of sewer arrangements to decrease
and control infiltration in the Gulf Coast area was
carried out. Various foundation materials and ar-
rangements under various laying conditions were
tested in laboratory and field studies to determine
the most suitable bedding in a number of soil types
common to the area. This report covers methods of
investigation and work completed in the laboratory
in silty sand and fat clay with clam shell bedding.
W69-01747
REMOTE CONTROL GROUTING OF SEWER
LINE LEAKS,
James Metz.
Water Wastes Eng, Vol 5, No 6, p 68, June 1968.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Sealants, 'Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
A procedure for repairing leaks in sewer lines,
known as telegrout, involving the use of remote
control grouting, is described. Equipment required
in the process includes a van-type truck, chemical
grout mixing and pumping equipment, sewer grout-
ing packers and plugs, air compressor, television in-
spection components, winches, downhole sheaves,
and communication system. A winch cable, to
which is attached a television camera and sewer
grouting packer, is pulled through the sewer line.
The trailing winch line is attached to the grouting
packer, and a communication line is placed
between the two winches and the grouting en-
gineer. The inline equipment is then moved
through the sewer line. When a leak is observed on
the television monitor, the grouting packer is set
over the leak and sufficient chemical grout is
pumped through the set packer to seal the leak.
The grout requires 5 to 15 minutes to set. The
television inspection system may also be used for
survey work to determine the condition of lines be-
fore starting a repair program. Pictures can be
made from the monitor screen for permanent
records of lines being surveyed or repaired.
W69-01748
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL IN-
FILTRATION THROUGH PIPE JOINTS,
E. H. Nettles, and N. B. Schomaker.
Nat Res Council-Highway Res Bd-Rcs Rec, No
203, pp 37-56, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Pipes, 'Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Scwcr infiltration.
Investigation of infiltration characteristics of four
soils—poorly graded medium to fine sand,
uniformly graded fine sand, silt, and lean clay, to
develop system of classifying soils according to
degree that infiltration through pipe-joint openings
may be expected to occur; investigation included
design and construction of model simulating proto-
type pipe joint, study of feasibility of using model
for such studies, investigation of variables affecting
soil infiltration, and investigation of infiltration of
soils described.
W69-OI749
SEAL SEWER LEAKS FROM INSIDE,
R. Nooe.
Am City, Vol 79, No 6, pp 91 -2, June 1964.
Descriptors: 'Sealants.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
Method recommended to repair sewers from inside
using special internal injection techniques con-
trolled and observed by TV camera; injected
chemical gel stops infiltration and is reported to
lower cost of sewer rehabilitation.
W69-01750
CORRECTING STORM-WATER INFILTRA-
TION, TONAWANDA, NEW YORK,
Newell L. Nussbaumer.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 28, pp 977-82,
Aug 1956.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Storm drains,
Sewers, 'Design, Construction, Construction costs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Sewer infiltration,
Tonawanda(NY).
The article describes the layout and construction of
the early sewers in Tonawanda, N.Y. Improper
planning, poor construction, lack of storm sewers,
and the diversion of surface water into the sanitary
sewers caused flooding of the sanitary sewers dur-
ing periods of precipitation. Increased tributary
population intensified sewer problems. Several at-
tempts were made to remedy the situation. In 1945
a comprehensive storm drain plan was developed
to eliminate the excess water from the sanitary
sewers. The types of storm sewers used, design
criteria, construction details, and costs are out-
lined.
W69-02165
REDUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SEWER LOAD-
ING BY DOWNSPOUT REMOVAL,
Gerald L. Peters, and A. Paul Troemper.
No further identification available.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Overflow, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Downspouts.
Methods used and results obtained to correct over-
loading of sewers by disconnecting roof
downspouts from sewer systems in Springfield, Il-
linois are described. A description of the system ex-
isting before the program was initiated is given;
data from engineering studies is presented. After
the downspout removal program was decided on
for suburban Springfield, inspections were made
and voluntary compliance by property owners
reduced the problem. Administrative and technical
problems of the program for the city of Springfield
are described. Results of the program are given in
tables and copies of letters used are included.
Costs, complaints and reduction of the overflow
problem due to the program are discussed.
W69-02I66
LOW PRESSURE MR TEST FOR SANITARY
SEWERS,
R. E. Ramseier.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 90, No SA2, pt I,
paper 3883, pp 1-29, April 1964.
Descriptors: 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Leak detection, Sewer infiltration.
Effect of moisture on permeability of vitrified clay
sewer pipe and its effect on testing procedure;
specifications for testing new pipe installations arc
suggested, and methods of computing time neces-
sary to meet specifications for single size pipe and
for combinations of various size pipes are given;
field tests show that pipe without detectable failure
will lose less than 0.003 cu ft of air/min/sq ft of in-
ternal pipe surface, and that any air loss exceeding
2 cu ft/min can be located.
W69-02167
EXPERIENCE IN USING LOW-PRESSURE AIR
TEST FOR SANITARY SEWERS,
R. E. Ramseier, and G. C. Riek.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 10, pp 1623-
33,Octl966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Leak detection. Sewer infiltration.
Low-pressure air test for sewer leakage has proved
reliable, easy to use, and inexpensive; test, for
which specifications have been developed, consists
of introducing air into plugged section of pipe and
measuring time needed for pressure to be reduced
from 3.5 to 2.5 psi (0.24 to 0.18 kg/sq cm); nomo-
graph is used to compute time acceptable accord-
ing to specifications; increased wetness of pipe wall
reduces air leakage through pipe-wall permeability,
whereas increased pressure gradient between in-
side and outside of sewer increases leakage.
W69-02168
LOW PRESSURE AIR TEST FOR SANITARY
SEWERS,
Roy E. Ramseier, and George C. Riek.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 90, No SA2, Pt 1,
pi, April 1964.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Maintenance.
Identifiers: 'Leak detection.
Testing a sewer pipe for leakage by the use of air at
pressures of approximately 3 psi can measure effec-
tively the quality of the installation. New work can
be tested by noting the time required for pressure
in a closed section of the pipe to drop from 3.5 psi
to 2.5 psi. Where significant leakage is present, it
can be quantitatively determined by metering the
amount of air required to maintain a pressure in the
test section. The effect of moisture on the permea-
bility of vitrified clay pipe and its effect on the test-
ing procedure is determined. Specifications for
testing new pipe installations, are suggested, and
methods of computing time necessary to meet
specifications for a single size pipe and for com-
binations of various size pipes are given. Field tests
show that pipe without a detectable failure will lose
less than 0.003 ft (3) of air per min per ft (2) of in-
ternal pipe surface and that any air loss exceeding
2.0 ft (3) per min can be located.
W69-02169
DEPOSITION IN A SANITARY SEWER,
C. H. Raths, and R. F. McCauley.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 109, p 192, 1962.
Descriptors: 'Deposition (Sediments), 'Sewers,
Design, Construction.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
An investigation into deposition in sanitary sewers
is described. In each experiment, an 8-in pipe line
was set at the required slope a uniform flow of
sewage was produced and sand of known particle
size was introduced at 8-ft intervals, in descending
order of size. From the results which are shown in
tables and graphs, an equation was developed to
express the relation between the depth of flow, the
largest size particle to pass successfully through the
pipe, and the slope of the pipe. It was also found
that solids suspended in the sewage apparently had
little effect on deposition and that pipe joints were
the principal influence in initiating deposition. It is
concluded that in designing a sewer more emphasis
should be placed on joints and construction
techniques than on minimum pipe grades.
W69-02170
REHABILITATION OF SANITARY SEWER
LINES,
D. E. Rhodes.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 2, pp 215-19.
Fcbl966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, Construction, Sealants.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration. 'Leak detection,
'Polymers.
18
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SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER—Field 06
Excessive infiltration into sanitary sewer lines
caused by faulty construction was problem in
Montgomery County, Ohio; injection-type sealing
with polymer-type grouting fluid applied within line
seems to have reduced infiltration substantially; TV
inspection located leaks and wastewater was
diverted around plugged-off section; TV also was
used for setting of packer over leaks.
W69-02171
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITARY
SEWER EXTENSIONS,
Mississippi State Univ., State College.
Lloyd R. Robinson.
Water Sewage Works, Vol 114, No 7, pp 250-254,
July 1967.
Descriptors: *Design, *Sewers, *Storm runoff,
"Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
The results of a study made for Kansas City to
determine dry weather flows from housing develop-
ments, apartments, industries and commercial
establishments are discussed. No wet weather flows
were measured but in a study of the flow record at
one sewage treatment plant serving a residential
area, as little as 0.6 in. of rain caused the recorder
capacity of 0.008 cfs/acre to be exceeded.
W69-02I72
SEWERS CAN BE REBUILT BY REMOTE CON-
TROL,
George Rutz.
Water Works and Wastes Eng, Vol 2, pp 42-43,
Oct 1965.
Descriptors: *Sewers, *Sealants.
Identifiers: *Leak detection.
Sewer system leaks in approximately 3,000 ft of
sewer were located by a closed-circuit television
camera and then sealed with chemical 'gel' by a
grouting machine. The units operated from within
the sewer and were controlled remotely from the
surface. The TV camera provided a view of the
sealing process while it was being undertaken.
W69-02173
INFILTRATION IN SANITARY SEWERS,
1. W. Santryjr.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 36, p 1256, Oct
1964.
Descriptors: Sewers, Construction.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
This paper points out the importance of infiltration
in sanitary sewers. The degree of infiltration is in-
fluenced by such variables as climate, soil charac-
teristics, ground water table position, materials of
construction, vegetation, and the existence of il-
legal connections. In this investigation submer-
gence tests were made on clay and concrete pipe
using jute, cement, cold mastic, hot pour asphalt,
rubber gasket, and PVC jointing materials. It was
indicated that the newer joints have much less infil-
tration than the older ones. The author stresses the
importance of building sewers with materials that
will slow down infiltration, with joints that will stay
tight and with bedding and backfill conditions that
will prevent future movement of the pipe. Illegal
connections should be eliminated.
W69-02174
STORM WATER IN SANITARY SEWERS,
V. W. Sauer.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 24, pp 116-70,
1952.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff'. 'Sewers.
Measures taken at Central Contra Costa Sanitary
District, California, to prevent storm water enter-
ing the sewers designed to carry sewage and trade
waste waters are discussed.
W69-02175
DIVERSION AND TREATMENT OF EXTRANE-
OUS FLOWS IN SANITARY SEWERS,
L. W. Weller, and M. K. Nelson.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 37, p 343, 1965.
Descriptors: Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, Chlorina-
tion.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration.
In many sewerage systems, the maximal flows may
be many times the average as a result of extraneous
flows, defined as liquids entering the sanitary
sewers through sources other than plumbing fix-
tures or process facilities. This may cause difficul-
ties at the treatment plant, and the authors describe
the facilities installed to divert and treat peak flows
in the Mission Township district of Johnson Coun-
ty, Kans., in the Indian Creek district of Johnson
County (see also Wat. Pollut. Abstr., 1965, 38,
Abstr. No. 437), and in Kansas City, Mo. Peak flow
are settled, skimmed, and in two cases chlorinated,
before discharge, thus reducing possible pollution
of the receiving streams.
W69-02176
A STUDY OF STORMWATER INFILTRATION
INTO SANITARY SEWERS,
Lloyd W. Weller, and Myron K. Nelson.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 35, p 762, June
1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Surface drainage.
Identifiers: 'Sewer infiltration, 'Urban drainage,
Kansas City (Mo).
This is a discussion of the conduct and findings of a
study of a sewer district with a present population
of 50,000 (70,000 ultimate) located in the
metropolitan area of Kansas City, Missouri. The
scope and objectives of this study as regards storm-
water infiltration were: ' (1) to make a surface
drainage survey of selected areas and a surface in-
spection of the main sewers to find if any condi-
tions promote the entry of surface water into sani-
tary sewers, and (2) to collect and evaluate data on
sewer use and sewage flows.' A total sewer flow of
104.33 mgd (0.0215 cfs/acre) is developed during
large rain storms and it is concluded that 'even dur-
ing a period of moderate precipitation the major
portions of the flow are from sources other than the
water-using plumbing fixtures in the residences and
public buildings within the district.' During these
periods the major source of sewer flow is ground
water, presumably from foundations drains used
throughout the district. Additional local factors in-
fluencing sewer flow are reviewed.
W69-02177
06. SEWER SYSTEMS -
STORMWATER
ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF SEWERS
AND STORM DRAINS,
P. Ackers.
Munic Eng, London, Vol 142, p 170, 175, 1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Storm drains. Pipes, Flow
measurement, Slime.
Identifiers: 'Capacity.
Recent investigations on sewer capacities, con-
ducted at the Ministry of Technology, Hydraulics
Research Station, arc summarized. Experiments
using clean, salt-glazed, precast concrete, and
pitch-fibre pipes confirmed the validity of the
Colebrook-Whitc friction formula (but not the
Crimp and Bruges or Manning equations), and also
showed that pitch-fibre pipes, when clean, have an
hydraulic capacity 5-10 per cent greater than the
others. The effect of imperfect joints in salt-glazed
pipes on the roughness coefficient was found to be
directly related to the degree of eccentricity and
the spacing of the joints. To investigate the effect of
slime layers, flow-velocity measurements were
made in 20 sewers of various ages, materials, sizes
and gradients, and the roughness coefficients were
calculated. The results, which arc tabulated, in-
dicate that slime layers form quite rapidly in
sewers, and that the roughness factor increases
with increasing thickness of the layer, giving a cor-
responding reduction in capacity.
W69-OI751
EFFECTS OF USE ON THE HYDRAULIC RE-
SISTANCE OF DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
P. Ackers, M. J. Crickmore, and D. W. Holmes.
Proc Instn civ Engrs, Vol 28, Pap No 6743, pp 339-
359, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Pipes, Drainage systems, Conduits,
Roughness (Hydraulic), 'Aging (Physical), Deteri-
oration.
Identifiers: 'Capacity.
As a sequel to studies on the hydraulic roughness of
new sewer pipes (see Wat. Pollut. Abstr., 1963, 36,
Abstr. No. 2021), field experiments were carried
out to obtain information on the probable deteri-
oration of capacity with age and use. The studies, in
which both salt-velocity and radioactive-tracer
techniques were used (the iodine-132 method
being found most convenient for use in sewers),
were carried out at 20 sites giving a wide range of
pipe materials, sizes, gradients, and degrees of slim-
ing; and roughness values were calculated using the
Colebrook-White equation for turbulent flow.
Slime became established in sewers after a relative-
ly short period of use and tended to predominate
near the normal water level, but the degree of slim-
ing varied considerably at the different sites,
probably depending on the composition of the
sewage as well as the boundary shear. Layers of
slime less than 1 /8-inch thick had little effect on the
resistance to flow or the capacity of the pipe, but
above this level the resistance to flow increased
rapidly with thickness of slime. Compared with
slime, the presence of sediment in the invert had
more marked effects on the roughness values par-
ticularly under conditions such that standing waves
were produced. The effects of sediment varied
widely depending on the 'bed form' (a function of
particle size) and the flow conditions. Based on the
experimental results, roughness values are recom-
mended for mature foul sewers.
W69-01752
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OC-
CUR.
AmerCity, Vol 75. p 2, I960.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Storm drainage. Pumping, Sewage treatment.
Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Urban drainage.
Present sewerage facilities serving the Counties of
Macomb and Wayne. Michigan are grossly in-
adequate. The area is drained by Milk river which
is very slow flowing and sometimes stagnant, and a
rapid increase in population resulting in an increase
in the volume of storm water has augmented the
problem. A project to improve the sewerage facili-
ties, started in September 1958, includes the con-
struction of two pumping stations, a main pumping
station with skimming and sedimentation tanks
located about 3/4 mile upstream from the mouth of
the Milk river and a low-lift pumping station about
1/2 mile downstream from the main pumping sta-
tion. Radial gates have been installed in the river so
that the water between the two stations can be
changed when necessary. The new Milk river
sewer, although designed primarily for storm water
use, will carry a small quantity of sewage during
storm periods. Under normal dry weather condi-
tions all sewage is discharged to the Wayne County
interceptor system and then to the Detroit sewage-
treatment plant.
W69-01753
19
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Field 06—SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUB-
URB.
Civ Eng and Public Wks Rev, Vol 63, No 744, p
761, July 1%8.
Descriptors: 'Surface drainage, *Tunnels, 'Con-
struction, Manholes, 'Velocity, Outlet, 'Flood
control.
Identifiers. * Sewer flushing, 'London (Great
Britain). 'Sturm sewers.
In an effort to relieve flooding in the London
Borough of Redbridge a new system of surface
sewers was constructed in a tunnel about 30 ft.
below ground level. Access shafts were constructed
of 11 ft internal dia. reinforced concrete bolted
segmi >iis. On completion of tunnelling operations
they % cro converted into drop-manholes to transfer
the e"vss flow from the existing system down into
the ix.. tunnel system. In addition to the connec-
tions U< the existing system it was necessary to in-
clude u number of drop-manholes in the scheme
since it was felt that the gradients of the new sewers
should be designed so that the velocity of flow
would be kept below 12 ft. per second to prevent
excessive abrasion of the tunnel by grit, etc. It was
found thai 'he amount of noise produced by the
flow in tl'c- drop-manholes has been low and no
complaint* have been received even though the
manholes are sited in the road outside residential
property. The flow passes down a vertical cast iron
pipe into a water cushion at the bottom of the shaft.
The water cushions have proved successful since
although there is a build up of grit and debris at low
flows, at peak flows the debris is disturbed and
flushed down the pipe to the outfall. The water
cushions are designed in such a way that they will
not choke up with debris during prolonged low flow
conditions.
W69-01754
NEW SEWERAGE FOR CROYDO.N.
Civ Eng and Public Wks Rev, Vol 63, No 743, p
666, June 1968.
Descriptors: Sewers, 'Tunnels, 'Construction.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Capacity.
The Borough of Croydon on the border of Surrey
has been carrying out a program of new building,
including commercial development, which has
raised a demand for additional sewage capacity.
Accordingly, foul water and storm water sewerage
has been laid down. The tunnel for the new sewers
was sunk at a depth of 40 ft. below street level and
was constructed of precast concrete segments.
Tunnel diameters varied between 6 ft. and 7 ft. In
the former, the foul water channel was of 24 in. dia.
and of 27 in. ilia, in the remainder.
W69-OI755
BORE DUG IN WET SOIL FLOWS TRICKY
PATH.
Const Methods and Equip, Vol 46, No 7. pp 140-2,
|.!:;-h.July!964.
Desi 'vc 'Tunnel construction. Drilling equip-
ment.
Identifiers: Sim m sewers.
Methods used in building tunnel of storm sewer at
Houston, Tex. are outlined; shallow 447-ft-long
section by open-cut method at one end of job was
first installed and then 6500 ft was excavated with
wheel-type mining machine; tunnel passes 33 to 40
ft. under many streets, railroad tracks, and about
100 utility lines; mining wheel had to go through
' 5-ft-wide gaps to be bordered by freeway columns
: ter; to control wet ground, workers relied on deep
.ills, air pressure, and chemical grout.
69-01756
STORM SEWER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BY
COMPUTER.
Consulting Engr (London), Vol 30, No 7, pp 78,
8 I.July 1966.
Descriptors: "Design, Overflow, Outlets, Computer
programs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Three ways in which computer program can solve
problems related to storm sewer design and analy-
sis; in analyzing existing system for each pipe, out-
put contains indication of overloading, together
with measure of surcharge; by redesigning existing
system, program analyzes existing system and, if
any pipe is surcharged, it indicates surcharge and
calculates correct size for that pipe by adding small
increments to cross sectional area; new system
design in which each pipe is considered separately,
outfall of pipe under consideration being taken as
outfall of network upstream of this point.
W69-01757
HIGHWAY BRIDGE MEN BUILD TUNNEL-
FOR WATER.
Eng News Rec, Vol 174, No 15, pp 34-6, Apr 15,
1965.
Descriptors: Drilling equipment, 'Tunnel construc-
tion, Storm drains, Outlets.
Identifiers: Storm sewers. Urban drainage.
Construction of 4.29 mi. bored trunk storm drain
for Interstate Route 280 in New Jersey that is
depressed through Newark, East Orange and
Orange; drain will carry water from these areas to
outfall in Passaic River; sewer has circular cross
section 8-ft. in diam, its wall is 1-ft-thick cast-in-
place concrete; for 3.86 mi., its depth below exist-
ing ground level ranges from 35 to 73 ft. and
averages about 60 ft.
W69-01758
PLANNED CITY PLANS TO RE-USE STORM
RUNOFF.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 1, No 11, p 875, Nov,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Water reuse, 'Storm runoff, 'Water
pollution control. Equipment, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Urban drainage,
•Columbia (Md).
A plan to store storm water locally, thus controlling
pollution, and then to amortize construction costs
by reusing the water for high-volume needs is being
studied in the planned city of Columbia, Maryland.
The plan calls for collecting rain runoff in
neighborhood reservoirs, or even in mass produced
storage basins for individual residences. Methods
and equipment for treating the water to make it
suitable for non-drinking purposes are also being
studied.
W69-01759
UTILIZATION OF STREAM FOR STREAM
DAMAGE.
Public Works, April 1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Storm drains.
Sewers, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
A municipality is legally liable for defects and ob-
structions in sewers and drains whether a natural
watercourse is adopted for drainage purposes or an
artificial channel is built. A legal case illustrating
this point is discussed wherein the city was proved
liable for water damage when a rainstorm backed
up waters in a stream used as part of the city's
storm drainage system.
W69-01760
STANDARDS FOR STORM-WATER FACIlJ.
Pub Works, Vol 91, No 2, p 91,1960.
Descriptors: 'Standards, 'Storm runoff Desimt
Maintenance. *"*
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'St. Louis (Mo ) «li,
ban drainage. ' r"
The new standards for storm-water channels
established by the St. Louis Metropolitan Sew»^
District in order to reduce erosion and reduu
maintenance costs and to provide definite data fri
storm sewer and ditch design, are outlined with the
aid of diagrams.
W69-01761
PING-PONG BALLS WILL TRACE POLI ii_
TION. ««**J-
Sewage Works Eng, Vol 1 9, p 450, Sept 1 948.
Descriptors: Water pollution, 'Tracers, 'Sewers
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Champaign-Urbana. 111., is faced with a storm
sewer problem which has apparently resulted in
pollution of an area referred to as the BoneyanL
The lack of funds in the budgets of the two cities
had delayed a survey of the storm sewer system but
a study of sections of the sewers will be started im.
mediately. The work will be carried out under the
direction of Walter M. Kunsch, engineer-manage?
of the Urbana-Champaign Sanitary District The
check will be made of dropping ping-pong balls or
other floating matter down toilets in the area
drained by certain sections of the doubtful storm
sewer system. If the balls turn up at the BoneyanL
outlet for the storm sewer system, rather than at the
sewage treatment plant of the Sanitary District li
will be evident that sanitary sewage is cross-con.
nected to the storm sewers. The homes from which
the ping-pong balls were discharged will be traceri
and the pollution corrected. "*
W69-01762
FLOOD RELIEF SCHEME FOR WEST LON.
DON.
Survr, Vol 1 22, No 3728, p 1429, Nov 16, 1963.
Descriptors: Pumping, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, London ( England ).
Extensions to existing flood relief system in West
London include Hammersmith storm relief sewe,
and pumping station; new station will contain a
electrically driven 42-in.-diam pumps with total
capacity of 1 500 tons/min; just before pumpine stT
tion, 6-ft and 2 8-ft sewers will combine into anl
proach channel 24 ft wide and 120 ft long which
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CON-
FERENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY EN!
GINEERS, QUEENSLAND, 1962.
Queensland Dept of Local Government, Brisbane
1 90 pp.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Construction. 'DrainaBo
systems, 'Storm runoff. Sewers. ^*^
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
This publication contains the full text of papers and
discussions presented at a conference in BnsbanT
October 1 962, dealing with various subjects of con'
cern to local authority engineers, including th.»
design, construction, and maintenance of mild
steel reservoirs; service pipes for water-distribution"
systems; design, construction, and maintenance of
open drains (both lined and unlincd), includi™ ir
rigation channels; materials for sewers ami
methods of jointing; dewatering of wet ground in
eluding methods for lowering the water table- and
20
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER—Field 06
the design and construction of storm-water
drainage systems.
W69-01764
SURFACE WATER AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
British Standards Institution, London, 1952.
Council for Codes of Practice for Buildings, British
Standard Code of Practice CP 303, 1952.
Descriptors: 'Storm drains, 'Design, 'Surface
drainage, 'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, Urban drainage, 'Sur-
face permeability. Storage tanks.
In this Code of Practice on drainage, recommenda-
tions are made for the collection and disposal of
rain water and subsoil water, particularly by sewers
and drains from small housing estates and in-
dividual dwellings. Factors to be considered in the
design of surface-water drainage systems so that
pipes are self-cleaning are the intensity and dura-
tion of rain fall and permeability of surfaces.
Procedure is given for disposal of water in sewerage
system or to soakaways, streams, or storage vessels.
Subsoil water is defined as the portion of rainfall
that is absorbed in the ground and its drainage is
required to increase the stability of the surface and
workability of soil and to reduce flooding. The lay-
ing of field drains and mole drains is dealt with in
relation to local conditions.
W69-01765
A GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN
OF STORM SEWER SYSTEMS, PREFACED BY
THE REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE
ON RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF OF THE ROAD
RESEARCH BOARD AND THE MINISTRY OF
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
Dep Sci Indus Res, Road Res Lab, London, Road
Note No 35,1963.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Hydrographs, 'Hydraulic
properties, Sewers, Pipes, Computer programs,
'Runoff, 'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Lloyd-Davies formula.
This publication is intended to guide engineers in
the use of the 'rational' (Lloyd-Davies) formula
and the Road Research Laboratory hydrograph
method (see Wat. Pollut. Abstr., 1962, 35, Abstr.
No. 2151) for designing storm sewage systems. The
'rational' formula is recommended for use in areas
where the diameter of the largest sewer is unlikely
to exceed 24 inches, while the R.R.L. hydrograph
method is applicable to all areas. The calculations
involved in the hydrograph method are carried out
by means of an electronic digital computer. Data
on rates of rainfall and the hydraulic characteristics
of sewer pipes are included. The publication is
prefaced with a report of the Joint Committee on
Rainfall and Run-off of the Road Research Board
and the Ministry of Housing and Local Govern-
ment, dealing with origins of the research, constitu-
tion and terms of reference of the committee, and
the work being carried out.
W69-01766
SMALL UNDERGROUND DRAINS AND
SEWERS: 1 AND U.
Dept of Scientific and Indus Res, Build Res Sta, Dig
Nos 124 and 125, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Construction, 'Sewers.
These Digests, which supersede Digest No. 55
(1953), contain advice on the design and construc-
tion of drains and sewers, revised on the basis of
recent studies. Part I deals with structural design.
and Part II with watertightness, flexible joints, site
work, and testing.
W69-01767
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1963-64.
Mersey River Board.
78 pp, 8 plates, 2 maps.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, Great Britain.
This report of the Mersey River Board, which is to
be superseded by the Mersey and Weaver River
Authority, includes a section on the prevention of
pollution; a map showing the general condition of
rivers and streams in the area, according to a
colour-coding scheme; and tabulated data obtained
in river surveys. Quarterly chemical surveys of all
the major rivers showed a slight improvement in
water quality as compared with the previous year
and with 6 of the previous 8 years. Sources of pollu-
tion and remedial action are outlined and detailed
observations are reported on the river Alt, Ditton
brook, Sankey brook and Glaze brook. The Board
encourages the centralized treatment of sewage in
larger plants, the discharge of trade waste waters to
sewers, and the construction of separate storm-
sewage systems. Observations are being continued
on the self-purification and re-oxygenation which
occur when a polluted stream passes through a
large lake.
W69-01768
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks, Washington, D.
C, 1956.
Descriptors: 'Storm drains, 'Storm runoff, Subsur-
face drainage, 'Design, 'Construction, 'Main-
tenance.
This revised publication presents in detail basic in-
formation on the design, construction and main-
tenance of storm drainage systems used at naval
establishments in the U.S.A. and abroad. Although
sub-surface drainage factors are presented, a sub-
surface system should be required only when ex-
cess water cannot be otherwise removed.
W69-01769
MANUAL FOR URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER
V: INDUSTRIAL LAND PLANNING,
J Byron Barber.
ASCE Proc, J Urban Planning Devel Div, Vol 93,
No UP3,pp 1-13, Sept, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Planning, 'Drainage systems. Sur-
face runoff, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Two aspects of industrial land planning are
presented: (1) The urban planner responsible for
ascertaining amounts, kinds, and locations of in-
dustrial land in the general plan; and (2) the indus-
trial land planner responsible for selection and for-
mulation of a plan for a specific site for a manufac-
turing plant. It is emphasized that the principles,
objectives, methods, and standards described
herein apply to both aspects. Sewage problems arc
briefly discussed. Costs depend on the charac-
teristics of the land and on the type of industry.
Storm drainage and surface runoff should be
separated from industrial and domestic wastes.
W69-01770
ECONOMICS OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
W. J. Bauer.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 88, No HY6, pp 93-
114.1962.
Descriptors: Land use. Design storm, 'Storm ru-
noff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Storm sewers,
'Chicago (111.), Capacity.
Problem of urban drainage viewed as one of space
allocation. Storm sewers need a system of con-
trolling location of volumes of water that occupy
space in a watershed during and after periods of ex-
cessive rainfall. Principles are illustrated by appli-
cation to Chicago Metropolitan Area during storm
of July 1957. Idea of measuring performance of
conveyance system in terms of dollars/cfs in trans-
porting water is introduced and some sewer costs
given. Planning criteria for urban drainage given:
design storm, future urbanization, multiple-pur-
pose projects, storm sewer capacity, assessing
benefits, regulation of use of flood plain.
W69-01771
MANUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER
III: RESIDENTIAL LAND PLANNING,
George C. Bestor.
ASCE Proc, J. Urban Planning Devel Civ, Vol 93,
No UP2, pp 27-92, June 1967. George C. Bestor
and Assocs, Inc, Camel, Calif.
Descriptors: 'Planning, Land use. Storm drains,
•Drainage systems, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Residential land planning is going through an era of
drastic change. The creation of a better living en-
vironment is a major challenge to planners. En-
gineers are needed as specialists supporting
planning activities, and as qualified planners. Many
concepts in planning are being increasingly em-
ployed, such as: clustering, density zoning, open
space, recreational features. Careful consideration
of economics is essential to a successful planning
activity. No matter how well planned, a project can
fail to obtain approval from sponsors or from
governing authorities if it is poorly explained and
presented. Storm drainage should be planned in the
early stages of a project development. Several
methods of dealing with stormwater are outlined.
W69-01772
STORM SEWER TUNNEL IN ST. PAUL,
J.W.Bird.
Civil Eng, Vol 33, pp 51-53, Sept 1963.
Descriptors: 'Tunnels, Construction, Construction
costs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'St. Paul (Minn.),
'Mole' tunneling.
St. Paul's storm sewer tunnel involved building
4,800 ft. of 10-ft. tunnel with 12-in. walls and 1,200
ft. of 7-ft. tunnel and 900 ft. of 6-ft. tunnel with 9-
in. walls. The cost was $2,120,852. There are three
36-in. one 4-ft., and one 8-ft. dropshafts. Four 10-
in. alignment holes were drilled to a depth of 70 ft.
below the tunnel. These holes acted as inverted
walls and were used to lower the water table and to
provide construction needs. A 20-ft. long mechani-
cal mole excavated a 12-ft., 3-in. opening for the
10-ft. tunnel. Excavated material was transported
to a slurry box, mixed with water to constitute 20%
solids, and pumped out. Dust problems were solved
by a water-spray and air-exhaust system. Placing
forms and pouring concrete closely followed the
excavation. Only 110 to 200 ft. of unlincd tunnel
was permitted. A pneumatic concrete placing
machine was replaced by a Pumpcrctc machine
that cut concrete placement time in half. Vibrators
in the concrete plus some vibration in the forms
gave excellent results.
W69-OI773
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED
SEWERS,
F. T. Booth, N. Vardin, andG. L. Ball.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 39. No 9, p 1557,
Sept 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Construction, 'Overflow, Highways.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Toronto (Canada),
'Capacity, 'Storm sewers.
Toronto's combined sewer system is inadequate to
handle the flows generated by storms. A program
to correct this problem is now under way. Scpara-
-------
Field 06—SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER
tioii of sanitary waste flows and drainage is
required in all new buildings. It was determined
that a stormwater capacity of about 1.5 times dry-
wesither flow provides substantial reduction in pol-
lution from storm overflows without excessive cosl.
Construction of shallow storm sewers will be un-
dertaken to first intercept road and other land ru-
noff and later to receive separate drainage flows
from buildings as redevelopment takes place. The
proposed system ultimately will protect against the
storm with a return period of one year.
W69-01774
THE MAUNGARAKI DEVELOPMENT,
R.O.BrickeU.
New Zealand Eng, Voi 23, No 3, pp 95-100, March
15, 1968,
Descriptors: * Storm runoff, Flood control.
Discharge (Water),
ktentifieis. "Urban drainage, "Capacity.
A development of hilly land for housing in the
Wellington area of New Zealand, known as the
Maungaraki Development, is described, problems
arising From the development include finance, ero-
sion control, compaction contra], and removal of
unsuitable materials. The disposal of stormwater
runoff was complicated by the limitation of peak
runoffs reaching the main storm-water system (the
Western Hills culvert) to the capacity of the cul-
vert. The problem was solved by the use in the two
main valleys of flood control dams, which store the
flood waters and let them discharge at a controlled
rate. The ponds are carefully fenced off and are
provided with 'leaks' at a low level, which ensuie
that they dry out a few days after rain. The second
flood control dam, in Percy Creek, was constructed
by (he Petone Borough Council to a design
prepared by Climie, Spencer, and Associates,con-
sulting engineers to the Petone Borough Council.
W69-OI775
EPOXY SOLVES HAZARDOUS SEWER LINING
PROBLEM,
F. V, Cornelius.
Pub Works, Vol 98, No I. p 126. Jan 1967.
Descriptors: Sewers, 'Sealants.
Identifiers: *Storm sewers. Polymers.
Utilization of epoxy materials for lining large storm
sewer following explosion while heating asphalt
mixture for lining; Commercial Chem Co, Cincin-
nati, Ohio, supplied Epo-Pateh and Epo-Surfacer
compounds to trowel in invert »TO! spray top part of
corrugated pipe,- thickness of epoxy application
ranged ftom 10 mite to 6 in.; approximately 82 gal
were required for complete lining of sewer.
W69-OI776
RETENTION BASIN ELIMINATES NEED FOR
COSTLY STORM SEWERS,
F. W. Crane.
Eng News Rec, Vol 143, No 25, pp 38-42, 1949.
Descriptors: *Flood control, *Storm runoff, Pump-
ing.
Identifiers. 'Storm sewers, Buffalo (N. V.),
"Storage tanks, Capacity.
To prevent flooding from overloaded storm sewers
in Buffalo, New York, it is planned To store excess
storm w&er in a disused quarry which has a capaci-
ty of 2,350,(XX> cu ft. The water will then be
pumped gradually into the sewers and so
discharged into the creek.
W69-01777
STORM WATER DETENTION IN URBAN
AREAS,
Eugene j Dairy.
Pub Works, Vol 92, pp !46-147,Jan 1961.
Descriptors: Storm runoff, Drainage system.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Storage tanks
Give some cost estimates of savings in drainage
systems by using detention basins.
W69-01778
DESIGN STORM HYETOGRAPHS F«OM STU-
DIES OF RAINFALL IN THE WESTERN AREA
OF SIERRA LEONE,
E. J. Davies, N. J. Garber, and A. E. Harleston.
J Inst of Water Engrs, Vol 20, No I, pp 67-74, Feb
1966.
Descriptors: *Design storms. 'Drainage systems,
'Rainfall intensity, Design, Storm, 'Hydraulic
design.
In Sierra Leone, the design of stormwater drains,
spillways, and similar structures whose geometric
and hydraulic properties must be related to
precipitation frequency, intensity, and duration has
largely been based on conjectural storm charac-
teristics The object of the study was to produce
predesign information applicable to the design of
stormwater drains and similar structures.
W69-01779
DETERMINATIOrV OF VARIABLE MAXIMAL
INTENSITY COEFFICIENTS FOR STORM-
SEWER CALCULATIONS,
L, T. Epshtien.
Vosdsn Sanit Tek h. No 5, p 15,3 960.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Rainfall-runoff
relationships. Design, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
The author discusses a method for determining the
coefficient of variable maximal intensities, or rela-
tive reduction in run-off intensities for individual
collectors, for use in designing storm-water sewers.
W69-01780
DESIGN OF SURFACE-WATER SEWERS,
L.B.Escritt.
CR Books Ltd, London, 1964. 64 pp.
Descriptors: 'Design.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers,Calculations.
In this monograph, which is largely based on a
previous paper by Escritt, L. B., and Young, A. J.
M,, with modifications in the light of further
research, recommendations are made for the
economical design erf surface-water sewers After a
critical review of previous practice, experience.
and research, with particular reference to errors
resulting in the considerable over-sizing of sewers,
the theory is re-examined in the light of recent field
studies, leading to the development of a simple,
rapid, and accurate method for designing sewers of
more economical sizes. Examples are given com-
paring t>ie new method with the original Lloyd-Da-
Vies method. A list of references is provided.
W69-01781
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE CALCULATION
BY DIGITAL COMPUTER,
J. G. Evans.
Sum, London, Vol 121,pp 1436-1437,1962.
Descriptors: 'Surface drainage, ^Computer pro-
grams. Runoff. Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
The author has devised a computer programme for
calculating the drainage requirements of any area
(involving pipe sizes not exceeding 33 inches in
diameter), based on the conventional Lloyd Davies
formula. The computer has been used successfully
to record rainfall and run-off measurements for the
drainage areas of Cwmbran new town.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Design, Overflow
Discharge (Water). *
Identifiers: *Storage tanks, 'Calculations
•Capacity.
In connexion with the design of storm-sewage tanks
for the Rheingonheim area of Ludwigshafen, in-
vestigations were carried out on the frequency of
action of storm-sewage overflows, and the charac-
teristics which should be considered when calculat-
ing the discharge after the peak load. Results
showed that the characteristics of the flow record
can be very variable for different periods of rain
even if the maximum coefficient remains the same
The author presents graphs and a chart for a sim-
plified calculation of discharge from storm-sewage:
overflows and gives a numerical example which can
be adapted 1o any particular characteristic of
discharge.
W69-01783
MAIN DRAINAGE FOR SKELMERSDALE NEW
TOWN,
D. H. Garside.
S tnstn Munic Engrs, Vol 93, pp 26-27, 1966.
Descriptors: Sewers, 'Hydrograpns, Sewage treat-
ment. Sewage effluent. Design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, *Sewer separation
•Storm sewers. *
The sewerage system for Skelmersdale New Town,
Lanes., has been designed on a separate system
and, wherever possible, existing combined sewers
will be replaced by separate foul and surface-water
systems. After making a comparison between the
Road Research Laboratory Hydrograph, and the
Lloyd-Davies method of design for surface-water
sewers, it was decided to adopt mainly the Lloyd-
Davies method, but itrc R. R. L. method was used
to produce the hydrographs required for the design
of the balancing lakes. There are three types of
temporary treatment plant in use: one, a package-
type extended-aeration plant; the second, an ex-
tended-aeration plani using diffused air; and the
third, a conventional filter plant using 'Flocor'
medium. The final effluent is discharged to the
river Tawd- A fourth plant is planned, in the event
of further housing development or an increase in
industrial flow; this will involve primary sedimenta-
tion, land treatment, and clarification of the final
effluent through a gravel bed, and the effluent will
be discharged to the river Tawd. The main sewage
works which is being constructed will provide
complete treatment by the activated-sludge process
with Simear aeration cones, and the effluent will be
discharged to the river Douglas.
W69-01784
HOW TO ESTIMATE STORM WATER QUAN-
TITIES,
H. M. Gifft, and G. E. Symons.
Water and Wastes Eng, Vol 5, No 3, pp 46-SO
March 1968.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, *Raintal) intensity.
Design, Drainage.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Opacity, Calcula-
tions.
Several factors involved in determining quantities
of storm water are discussed for storm sewer design
as related to rainfall awl runoff; derivation of for-
mulas for calculation af drainage area shape, rain-
fall intensity-frequency data, time of concentra-
tion, and co-efficient of runoff; nomograph for
determining inlet time uf flow.
CALCULATION OF STORM-SEWAGE TANKS,
H. Fischer.
Gas WasscTfach. Vol 105,pp543-544. IV64.
MAIN DRAINAGE OF LEYTON,
J. B. Glover.
Chartered Mun Engr, Vol 91, No 2, pp SV-&3. fch
1964-
Dcscriptors: *Scwers, 'Design, Surface runoff
Outlets. *
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
22
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER-Field 06
Proposed improvement scheme for sewer system in
Leyton, England, includes construction of trunk
foul water and surface water sewers and 3 short
spurs, and reconstruction of main outfall system;
basis of design,
W69-01786
MANUAL ON URBAN PLANNUSG - CHAPTER
VI: COMMUNITY FACILITIES PLANNING,
Herbert A. Goetsch.
ASCE Proc, J Urban Planning Devel Div, Vol 93,
NoUP3,pp 15-42, Sept 1967.
Descriptors. Sewage treatment, 'Flood control,
•Planning, Storm runoff, 'Drainage systems.
Identifiers: 'Urbandrainage.
Community facilities are those buildings, works
and land areas which are devoted to public or semi-
public uses. Included in this catagory are public
works and utilities to provide water, power, heat,
light, communications, sewage treatment, flood
control, and transportation. In planning for com-
munity facilities, the urban planner must consider
population characteristics and projections, present
and future land use, local governmental structures,
climate, topography, soil, and vegetation. He must
consider a community's objectives and financial
ability, as well as the standards of the using agen-
cies. Community facilities may be provided by a
local community alone, jointly by several units of
government, by higher levels of government, by
utility companies, and by private and semi-private
agencies. These facilities should be planned jointly
since their uses are often complementary and space
can be conserved. Problems of flood control and
stormwater drainage systems are discussed. Provid-
ing adequate stormwater drainage must be con-
sidered an important part of urban planning.
Economic and engineering aspects of the problem
are outlined.
W69-01787
CONSIDERATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY
IN STORM-WATER SEWERS,
J, F. Gruhler.
Gesundheits-Ing, Vol 84,1963.
Descriptors: Design, "Instrumentation, *Flood
control, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers, Capacity.
The author describes the design of a storm-water
sewer equipped with special throttles which can be
arranged so as to use the total storage capacity of
the sewer and at the same time control the volume
of storm water leaving the system to avoid flooding.
The exact position and size of these throttles must
be determined experimentally, since there is at
present no known method for calculating them.
The principle of the design is based on the
establishment of equilibrium conditions, the flow of
storm water entering the system being equal to the
storage capacity of the system minus Che storm
water leaving it, and this depends on the sewer
being filled to a certain depth.
W69-01788
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTER
CAPACITY,
G. H. Hamlin, and J. Bautista.
Am City. Vol 80, No 4, pp 94-6, April 1965.
Descriptors: Flow measurement, "Surface runoff,
'Overflow, Design storm, 'Inlets.
Identifiers: "Street gutters, "Capacity.
Water-carrying capacity of street cutters in San Le-
andro, Calif was tested and it was found thut practi-
cal flows are 1/2 to 1/4 of maximum calculated
flows; measurements show that overflows occur
substantially below muximums found in tables or
calculated by formula; overflows are caused by
vehicles parked at curb and driveway openings;
tests also measured curb inlet and grating per-
formance; calchbasins are now installed wherever
design-storm now reaches half-way up vertical curb
face on all street grades up to 5%.
W69-01789
THE DESIGN OF STORM SEWERS,
J. G. Hendrickson, andT. K. Breitfuss.
Pub Works, Vol 87, No 2, pp 91-5,1956.
Descriptors: Design, 'Runoff forecasting, Rainfall
intensity, 'Storm runoff, Construction, 'Intakes,
"Outlets, "Manholes.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Capacity.
The calculation of run-off, which is dependent
upon intensity, duration, and direction of rain-
storms and slope and condition of surface of area to
be served, is a very important factor in design of
storm sewers. Storm run-off formulae and calcula-
tion of run-off are discussed. The authors consider
also the design and construction of different types
of inlets and outlets for storm sewers, design and lo-
cation of manholes, and the load-carrying capacity
of sewer pipes.
W69-02178
STORM SEWER DESIGN BY THE INLET
METHOD,
Albert B. Kaltenbach.
Pub Works, Vol 94, Jan 1963.
Descriptors: "Design, "Intakes, "Storm drains,
'Rainfall intensity, Hydrographs, Flow measure-
ment.
Identifiers; 'Storm sewers.
The Inlet Method of Design for storm sewers was
developed from a continuing research project on
storm drains that has been carried on by the Johns
Hopkins University for the past 13 years. The arti-
cle reports this method has shown results closer to
and more consistent with actual conditions than
any other known design method. The 3 steps in-
volved are (I) determination of peak flows to each
inlet based on maximum 5 minute rainfall intensity;
(2) attenuating the flow peak from sub-area as it
moves down the pipe; and (3) summing each sub-
area hydrograph to determine the total hydrograph
at the design point. A simplified procedure is given
for the designs where many inlets are involved.
W69-02179
USE OF 3m DIAM REINFORCED CONCRETE
STORM SEWERS FOR WESTERN SIBERIAN
METALLURGICAL PLANT, SOVIET UNION,
G. E. Korotkovskii, Yu M. Sedel'nitskii, and M. M.
Tanakov.
Beton i Zhelezobeton, No 9, pp 8-12, Sept 1967.
Descriptors. "Design.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers, Russia.
Use of 3 m diam reinforced concrete storm sewers
for Western Siberian Metallurgical Plant, Soviet
Union; transverse reinforcement in 3 m sewers
must be designed under high loads considering re-
sistance of transverse and shearing force by
concrete and reinforcement; each annular rod in
tension zone should be fastened by ties; side earth
pressure up to 20% of vertical load leads to in-
crease of bearing capacity of sewer and should be
considered during design; good agreement between
theoretical and experimental values. In Russian.
W69-021SO
OIL RETENTION IN STORM-SEWAGE PUMP-
ING STATIONS AND STORM-SEWAGE
TANKS,
A. Kraucl.
GasWasserfach.Vol 108, pp 48-51, 1967.
Descriptors: "Design, "Pumping, "Storm runoff,
Watcrpollution control.
Identifiers: Ruhr River (Germany).
A description, with diagrams, is given of the design
and operation of various storm-sewage pumping
works, which were installed at 60 points on the
lower Ruhr against oil pollution. These works, and
the oil separators incorporated, are designed in ac-
cordance with the total rainfall of the area. Special
reference is made to a reinforced-concrete oil
separator, installed at the inlet of a large earth
reservoir to prevent pollution of the ground water.
W69-02181
LEAVES WON'T CLOG THIS CATCH BASIN,
R. E. Lapar.
Pub Works, Vol 95, No 3, pp 90-1, March 1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, "Intakes, Design.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers, Urban drainage.
Storm sewer project, in Poughkeepsic, NY,
required new design for street catch basins which
incorporates depressed stream flow grate with
extra wide curb opening; grating used has distinct
advantage of offering tear-drop construction of
cross-bars which minimizes tendency to retain
leaves at surface and induce clogging.
W69-02182
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER
CONTROL IN THE MILWAUKEE
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT,
R. D. Leary, and L. A. Ernest.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39. No 7, p 1223,
July 1967.
Descriptors: "Sewers, "Sewage treatment. Water
pollution.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers. Urban drainage. Mil-
waukee (Wis).
The Milwaukee Sewerage Commission provides
wastewater collection and treatment facilities for
the 18 municipalities located within the District as
well as for 7 contract areas located within the
drainage area. Industries are required to separate
wastewaters for discharge to storm or sanitary
sewers and where necessary to provide prctreat-
ment. Separation of unpolluted and slightly pol-
luted industrial wastewaters for discharge to storm
sewers is stressed to reduce the volume requiring
treatment. This philosophy is carried into the
domestic wastewater area and separation is
required on private property. Concentrated waste-
waters which will not affect adversely the collec-
tion system or the treatment processes are ac-
cepted in the sanitary sewer system. Required in-
dustrial waste pretreatmcnt facilities are therefore
designed to remove prohibited materials from the
wastewater and generally can be classed as primary
treatment units.
W69-02183
HOW TO SIZE CONDUITS FOR STORM
SEWERS,
Chesman A. Lee.
Chem Eng, Vol 67, No 20, pp 97-8, Oct 3, 1960
Descriptors: Sewers, "Design, "Overflow.
Identifiers: "Storm sewers. "Manning formula.
A chemical plant must be supplied with storm as
welt us sanitary sewers. In general, sewers are
designed to operate only partially full-quite dif-
ferent from the techniques of operating pipe lines
full and under pressure. The Manning formula is
discussed in considerable detail. A storm sewer
may be designed to operate full and overflowing
under the worst conditions. The fact that the sewer
is under pressure need cause no concern since at
times of heavy rains the soil is saturated and pro-
vides an opposing pressure. A problem and its step-
by-stcp solution is given to illustrate methods used
to provide design data.
W69-02184
A NEW WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
E. Lindstrom,
Tidskr varmc- v«nt-sanit-u kyl-Tek, Vol 29, pp
211-213.230. 1958.
23
-------
Field 06—SEWER SYSTEMS - STORM WATER
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Plastic pipes,
Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
In the proposed system, sewage from toilets is
discharged separately from other household waste
water by means of a vacuum maintained in the
sewer, using a very small quantity of water to rinse
the toilet bowl and form a water trap. The small
amount of highly-concentrated sewage obtained
would receive conventional treatment. Small-
diameter plastic pipes form adequate sewers and
because of the vacuum present they may be laid at
any gradient, even upwards. The remaining
household waste waters can normally be
discharged to receiving waters without treatment,
using a similar sewerage system employing an
hydraulic vacuum principle may also be used for
discharge of storm waters and for conveying indus-
trial waste waters to treatment plants.
W69-02185
SOLUTION FOR STORM SEWER SYSTEM
PROBLEM,
L. E. McMahon.
Am Assn State Highway Officials-Committee on
Electronics-Regional Conf on Improved Highway
Eng Productivity, Chicago, III., pp VII-14-25, April
19-20,1963.
Descriptors: 'Computer programs, 'Design,
•Rainfall intensity, 'Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Program was developed at Michigan State Highway
Dept for solution of storm sewer system problem
created by accelerated highway program; program
is written for processing on 20 K IBM 1620 com-
puter equipped with floating point and indirect ad-
dressing features; solution is based on use of 'Ra-
tional Method for Design of Storm Sewer Systems',
Manning formula and use of rainfall intensity and
runoff curves developed to meet Michigan's needs.
W69-02186
STORM SEWER TUNNELING IN SANDSTONE,
K. K. McRae.
Pub Works, Vol 98, No 2, pp 110-11, Feb 1967.
Descriptors: 'Tunnel construction.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Features of tunneling in St. Paul and Minneapolis,
Minn; normal stratigraphic sequence from surface
down is-glacial drift (mixed silts, sands, clays,
shales and boulders), Plattevillc Limestone, Glen-
wood Shale and St. Peter Sandstone; procedure in
advancing tunnel was to direct h-p water at face to
erode sandstone into sand slurry; mining water was
obtained from dewatering wells and carried to
achinc in 8 in. pipe, passed through jet pumps,
jd directed at face through l/4-in. diam nozzles
-minted on hand lances; cutting pressure
jveloped at pump was 400 psi; for tunnel lining
odified type 3 grade Y concrete is used by
incrctc pumping machine; overall footage nor-
ally averages from 30 to 50 ft in 8-hr shift.
69-02187
STORM SEWER ENDS MAN-MADE FLOODS,
Alfred R. Pagan.
AmerCity, Vol 78, p 87, Jan 1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Surface drainage.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Urban drainage.
The Borough of Palisades Park, N. J., part of the
metropolitan New York complex, had a storm
drainage problem. How this problem was solved is
described.
W69-02I88
ARE PROTECTED STORM WATER OUTLETS
DANGEROUS TO STREAMS,
W. Passavant.
Gesundheits-Ing,Vol75,pp362-3. IU54.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, Storm runoff, 'Out-
lets, Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
The author gives a brief survey of possible methods
for reducing pollution by storm water with special
reference to the use of centrifugal screens.
W69-02189
STORM SEWER SYSTEMS,
American Public Works Assoc Res Foundation.
Herbert G. Poertner.
State and Local Public Facility Needs and Financ-
ing Subcommittee on Economic Prog of the Joint
Economic Committee - Congress of the US - Vol I,
Public Facility Needs, pp 152-174, Dec 1966,5 fig,
7 tab.
Descriptors: 'Design.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
A broad study of storm sewer systems is presented.
Characteristics, functions, and basic principles are
discussed as well as standards of performance and
design. The existing capital plant of storm sewers is
described. History, distribution, age and ownership
are all discussed and statistics are given. Costs,
charges and benefits are described. Trends of
capital outlay are discussed. Graphs show annual
U. S. sewer pipe requirements for various size
pipes. Expenditures by private land developers and
public agencies are discussed. Sources of financing
are outlined. Needs, prospective capital outlays
and sources of funds for 1966-75 are discussed.
W69-02190
CALCULATION OF RETENTION TANKS IN
STORM-WATER SEWERS,
R. Randolf.
Wasserw-WassTechn, Vol 9, p 148, 1959.
Descriptors: * Storm runoff. Drainage systems.
Identifiers: 'Capacity, 'Storage tanks, 'Calcula-
tions.
The author discusses, with practical examples, the
calculation of size of retention tanks on storm-
water drainage systems.
W69-02I91
along roadside, and stable outlets to
water courses is discussed
W69-02193
THE APPLICATION OF STORAGE CAPArn-m/
TO THE DESIGN OF SEWERS/ CAPACITY
E. J.Sarginson.
Survr,Vol U9,p215,1960.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Hydrographs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Capacity, Calcula-
tions.
The author shows how calculations involving the
storage capacity of circular sewers can be applied
to reduce the size of the conventional storm-water
sewer, dealing particularly with the effect of the
shape of the hydrograph of How into the pipe on
the rate of flow out of the pipe. It is suggested that
reduction of pipe diameter to less than conven-
tional size should be confined to the lower larger
parts of a sewerage system. ^^
W69-02194
STORM SEWER DESIGN FACTORS,
C. S. Seabrook.
AmerCity, Vol 79, p 76, July 1964.
Descriptors: 'Design, Discharge (Water)
Drainage, 'Flow measurement, 'Rainfall intensitv
•Runoff, 'Intakes. **'
Identifiers: *Storm sewers, 'Urban drainage.
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOR SEWER SEPARA-
TION,
W. G. Ridge.
Pub Works, Vol 97, No 11, p 97, Nov 1966.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Construction, 'Tunnels,
•Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Sewer separation.
Installation of sanitary sewers at invert of previ-
ously used combined sewer system; four cuts were
made into 102-in. sewer and 10 to 12-ft long corru-
gated steel pipe sections were lowered with setting
into position by fork-lift truck working inside
sewer; sanitary sewer was of elliptical section; after
placement, corrugated pipe was grouted with
concrete to provide smooth flow for storm water;
corrugated sanitary sewage pipe has been handling
average flow of 25 million gpd, and storm water
capacity in modified tunnel is 500 cfs.
W69-02I92
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE AND EROSION CON-
TROL,
J. L. Sanborn.
Purdue Univ-Eng Extension Scr-Eng Bui 113, pp
68-73, 1963.
Descriptors: 'Highways. 'Drainage systems. Sur-
face runoff, 'Outlets.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Principles involved in controlling erosion and
providing proper surface drainage arc reviewed;
how to build adequate transverse slopes and lon-
gitudinal grades on roadways, collecting ditches
An approach to the determination of
discharges for storm sewers in Puyallup, W
discussed, wherein the runoff coefficient to be
used, and the actual contributing area within the
given drainage area is determined by actual flow
measurements to a curb inlet, with the resultant
flow being related to recorded rainfall intensities
Results of the experiments revealed justification Tor
considering only the street rights of way as the con-
tributing drainage area, and the assignment of a 0.9
runoff coefficient to this area, for purposes of
design discharge calculations. Such examination of
actual runoff conditions, as opposed to the arbitra-
ry selection of a runoff coefficient times a total
contributing drainage area, is reported to have
saved the city some 20 per cent on a million dollar
storm sewer project.
W69-02195
FUNDAMENTALS OF SEWER DESIGN,
W. O. Seppa.
Hydrocarbon Processing and Petroleum Refiner
Vol 43, No 10, pp 171-6, Oct 1964. '
Descriptors: 'Design, •Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Four basic sewer systems used in typical hydrocar-
bon processing plants arc oily water suwcr, acij
(chemical) sewer, storm water sewer and sanitarv
scwcr; design and operation of each type. *
W69-02I96
FOR
GROUND WATER CONTROL
HIGHWAYS,
T. W. Smith.
Nat Res Council-Highway Res Bd-Res Rec, No S7
pp 35-52, 1964. '»
Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Groundwater *Sub«
face drainage. Design, Construction.
Subsurface drainage procedures used in dcsiim arwi
construction of highways in California "ar"
described; application, construction, and effect.*
ness of stripping and blanketing with pciWahlV
material, stabilization trenches, horizontal dTair*"
and other specialized measures used for subsurfa^'
water controls are discussed; particular considi^
tion is given to characteristics of permc ''
al.
W69-02W7
-------
SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER—Field 06
SIMPLIFIED SEWER DESIGN,
Pub Works, Vol91,p 102,June 1960.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Design, Drainage systems,
Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Capacity, 'Calcula-
tions, Erie (Pa.),'Urban drainage.
This article points out the necessity for revamping
and extending the sewer system of the City of Erie,
Pennsylvania, due to the growth in population and
expansion of the area served by the system in
recent years. The earlier designing did not take into
consideration the future potential of the drainage
areas, a situation which is typical in a number of
communities. A simplified sewer design method
was developed for use in extending and modifying
the storm and sanitary sewer systems in the city
which, according to the author, has proved effec-
tive and time saving both in original design and for
checking of the existing system. The method con-
sists of equating area to quantity of both sanitary
and storm flow and superimposing the information
on any one of a number of sewer design charts
available. In this case a diagram based on Kutier's
formula (n= 0.013) was selected. Basic sewer
design principles are discussed together with
development and adaptation of this design method.
Drainage areas for both sanitary and storm
drainage are plotted on the sewer design chart op-
posite the corresponding quantities of sewer flow.
The sanitary portion of the chart was designed
strictly on a population basis, with a sufficient
safety factor to lead to an over-design. The chart is
designed for the minimum size storm sewers con-
sidered economically safe in the City of Erie and a
different runoff coefficient may be necessary in the
application of the method in other areas. A design
chart (based on Kuner's formula n= 0.013) is
presented and the use of this method is illustrated
and the procedures followed in applying the
method are described. The chart is based on an
average condition in Erie but its use in another area
would possibly require an entirely different set of
figures due to local design considerations. It is
pointed out that, while the calculations and inten-
tions of the sewer design chart is to over-design, it
is still necessary for the final design to be checked
to determine if the area under consideration is
similar to that for which the chart was developed
and includes all the potential drainage basin. A
chart showing a rainfall intensity curve used for
storm sewer design in Erie is also presented.
W69-02198
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CURRENT WORKS
AT CLENROTHES NEW TOWN,
G A.Sutherland.
Instn Municipal Eng, J, Vol 94, pp 325-9, Oct
1967.
Descriptors: 'Surface drainage, 'Storm drainage.
Storms, Rood control, 'Design, 'Sewers, Runoff,
•Discharge (Water), 'Hydrograph, 'Construction
costs 'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Stormsewers. 'Urban drainage.
Glenrothes, the second new town in Scotland,
designated under the New Towns Act of 1946, was
designated to contain an area of 5,730 acres and a
target population of 32,000. Shopping, educa-
tional, and housing provisions are briefly discussed.
The complete system of foul and surface water
catchments is gravity operated and it has not been
necessary to resort to either pumping or tunneling
to maintain the gravity system. Two catchments,
one draining the northern portion of the town
(3450 acres) and one draining the southern por-
tion (2,180 acres) are described. A once in ten-
year storm which should produce bank-full condi-
tions and flooding has been provided for by twenty
acres of balancing pond capacity based on an
average water depth of three ft. This provision is
estimated to cost 60,000 pounds. Design considera-
tions are discussed for foulwatcr sewers and for sur-
face water sewers. Foulwater runoff was based on a
future water consumption of 50 gal/hcad/day.
Trunk and development sew™ within housing
areas were designed for a peak flow of 6 D.W.F. A
discharge rate of 7 cumins/acre was calculated for
1/3 of the area; the remaining 2/3 discharging at
the rate of 1 cumin/acre. The trunk surface water
sewer was designed by the Road Research Labora-
tory's Unit Hydrograph method for a once per year
storm. This method showed an 8% saving in cost
over the previously used design method (M.O.H.
rainfall intensity curve). Subsidiary sewers were
designed using the rational method and Bilham's
once per year storm. Continuing rainfall observa-
tion is expected to establish a rainfall intensity
curve for the area.
W69-02199
SHORTCOMINGS AND POTENTIAL OF ZON-
ING,
Lee Anthony Syracuse.
ASCE Proc, J Urban Planning Devel Div, Vol 93,
No UP4,pp 53-62, Dec 1967.
Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Storm drains. Surface ru-
noff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Broad aspects of zoning are discussed. A brief
discussion of storm sewers in cul-de-sac easement
lanes is included. Inverted crown roads or one-
sided sewer installation with the street slightly
slanted toward the sewer can be used.
W69-02200
EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING
DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE,
P. A. Taylor, and D. G. Watts.
Am Soc Agric Engrs-Trans, Vol 10, No 6, pp 723-
6,729, Nov-Dec 1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Design, Sewers,
'Computer programs.
Effect of springtime weather patterns, soil physical
factors, and drainage system geometry on optimum
design drainage coefficient for sizing mains and
submains was studied at Oregon Agricultural Ex-
periment Station; study of Amity series is reported;
development of computer programs for water table
simulation.
W69-0220I
STORM DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND SOLU-
TIONS,
A. L. Tholin.
Pub Works, Vol 92, No 8, p 172,1961.
Descriptors: 'Planning, Cities, 'Storm drainage.
In a paper presented at a conference on environ-
mental engineering and metropolitan planning the
author outlined the problems encountered con-
cerning the estimation and disposal of storm
drainage and discussed how these problems could
be solved.
W69-02202
FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SECTIONS,
F.W.Thorstenson.
ASCE Proc, J Highway Div, Vol 91, No HWI,
paper 4207. pp 49-54. Jan 1965.
Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Drainage, 'Surface ru-
noff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Basic function of highway drainage sections, as re-
lated to design of culverts, bridge waterway
openings, storm sewers, and erosion control facili-
ties, is described; services pertaining to drainage
matters that normally confront highway depart-
ment organizational structure is suggested;
procedures for conducting drainage activities.
W69-02203
DESIGN OF STORM SEWER SYSTEMS,
L. H. Watkins.
Chartered Mun Engr, Vol 90, No 11, pp 337-41,
Nov 1963.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Rainfall-runoff relation-
ships, 'Computer programs.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Urban drainage.
Research into relation between rate of rainfall and
rate of runoff from urban areas; new method of cal-
culating sewer sizes developed as result of research
is described; programs for electronic digital com-
puter have been evolved to enable method to be
used simply and economically for designing new
sewer systems and examining and redesigning exist-
ing systems.
W69-02204
EFFECT OF USING CONTINUALLY SUB-
MERGED DRAINS ON DRAIN SPAGINGS,
J. Wesserling.
J Hydrology, Vol 2, No 1, pp 33-43, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm drains, 'Plastic pipes. Con-
struction, Drainage systems.
Solution of flow problem given by Kirkham (1958)
has been worked out for submerged drains; some
calculation examples show that under certain
favorable conditions considerable increase of drain
spacing can be obtained by using deep, submerged
drains; installing of such drainage systems is possi-
ble when using plastic pipes; carrying out drainage
works under wet conditions, as will be often neces-
sary, may in some soils impair structural stability of
soil surrounding pipes; it should be investigated in
what measure this will be the case when using
modern laying methods.
W69-02205
DRAIN THAT GREW AND GREW,
G. B. Wilkes, and J. R. Beilby.
Can Mun Utilities, Vol 103, No 4, pp 15-17, April
1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm drains, Outlets, 'Velocity.
'Spillways.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Features of Wilson Heights-Spadina Expressway
storm trunk drain, Toronto, Ont; length of line
selected is approximately 13,000 ft, and difference
in elevation between invert of sewer at interchange
and Don River outfall is approximately 136 ft;
grade of sewer was chosen at 0.45% to keep max-
imum velocities below erosion velocity; with this
grade, sewer was constructed from 34 to 80 ft
below ground level until it interrupted gully which
ran back in from river; feasibility of carrying water
in open channel via gully with small spillways to
dissipate energy was ascertained.
W69-02206
SOIL AND WATER PROBLEMS ON BUILDING
SITES,
D. A. Williams.
Pub Works, Jan 1961.
Descriptors: 'Land use, 'Construction, 'Water
pollution. Outlets, Recreation facilities, 'Stilling
basins.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Areas under construction such as new suburbs
where all vegetation is stripped off and natural
water courses are disturbed with streets, buildings.
etc. are creating erosion problems with filiation of
rivers and lakes. Even areas designed with storm
sewers experience this problem because of the time
lapse to get cover, lawn, etc. to grow. A study was
made at a 8,200 acre undeveloped area outside
Memphis, Tennessee, that is scheduled for
development and the engineers recommended the
constructing of 44 detention basins to be built at a
cost of $1,400.000 instead of storm sewers. Basins
25
-------
Field 06—SEWER SYSTEMS - STORMWATER
to be designed to retain 60% of a 6-hour rainfall of
100-yr occurrence. The outlets would empty the
basins in 24 hours. The larger detention sites could
become green acres for parks and recreational use.
Smaller basins or dry basins could be landscaped in
with development.
W69-02207
GRAPHIC STORM SEWER DESIGN,
G. E. Zoellner.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 109, p 447, Dec
1962.
Descriptors: *Design, Storm runoff. Overflow,
'Rainfall intensity, Weirs.
Identifiers: Calculations, 'Storm sewers. Storage
tanks.
The exorbitant costs of storm sewer systems
require the decision as to the degree of protection
to be provided against property damage, nuisance,
and inconvenience from surcharged sewers. The
exact determination of the permissible frequency is
not possible with the presently used methods, e.g.,
empirical formula and Rational Method. The
Graphic Method, as used in Germany for 50 years,
makes it possible to determine exactly the runoff
for any frequency of surcharging, and this runoff is
based on the most critical rainfall for each sewer
stretch with regard to the relationship of rainfall in-
tensity to rainfall duration. The Graphic Method
permits analysis of storm water reservoirs and cal-
culation of excess flows that are diverted over a
weir as the rate of flow with respect to the time is
given. The illustrated example shows that the storm
sewer system designed with the Rational Method
based on a 5-year storm frequency and 15 min.
time of concentration will actually surcharge once
a year.
W69-02208
07. STORMWATER -
QUANTITY, QUALITY AND
POLLUTION
STORM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STU-
DIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
P. Ackers, A. J. Brewer, and A. E. Birbeck.
Symp on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, *Storm runoff, Sewage
treatment, *Weirs, 'Stilling basins, Row control,
*Design, Discharge (Water).
Experiments were carried out to: (a) determine the
difference in composition of storm sewage
discharge from an overflow and that passed to
treatment; (b) compare the performance of the dif-
ferent types of overflow; (c) examine the effective-
ness of scum boards; and (d) measure the changes
in flow to treatment with increasing total flow in
each structure. The types of overflow tested were:
(a) a low double side-weir; (b) a stilling pond; (c) a
vortex; and (d) a high-level side-weir with a posi-
tive flow control. The structures tested were
designed to operate under hydraulic conditions as
nearly identical as possible. The overflows were
designed to spill at a discharge to treatment of 1/10
the maximum discharge and, with the exception of
the low side-weir, would limit the flow to treatment
to 20% above the first spill discharge. The most
practical form seemed to be the round-crested
type. Measurements were made of: (a) the
discharge to treatment at first spill; (b) the
discharge to treatment and spill at various larger in-
coming flows; and (c) the water levels in the over-
flow chamber for these discharges. The high side-
weir had the best general performance, second was
the stilling pond with the scum board 6 in. from the
crest, and the vortex overflow was the worst.
W69-OI494
THE QUALITY OF STORM WEATHER FLOW,
Gunnar Akerlindh.
Satryck ur Nordisk Hygienisk Tidskrcff, Vol 31, No
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow,
'Coliforms, Sewage, 'Water quality, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, *Rain water.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The quality of storm-water flow, particularly the
surplus discharge from combined sewers, is
discussed in order to compute the required regu-
lated flow; that is, the amount of flow to be diverted
for disposal. The three elements constituting storm-
weather flow-namely sewage, ground water, and
rain water, have been considered. Coliform bac-
teria in samples taken from streets (high runoff
coefficients) and parks (low runoff coefficients)
were compared. The concentration of organic
matter in rain water is comparatively great (B.O.D.
100 to 200 ppm) being nearly as polluted as
sewage. In regard to coliform organisms, however,
the rain water portion of the storm-weather flow
has a density of 100 to 1,000 per ml and, ac-
cordingly, is much lower than sewage and has a
diluting effect on the sewage. The composition of
rain water flow varies greatly and indefinitely.
Despite this, it is reasonable to assume a constant
composition.
W69-01495
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RELATION
TO WATER USE AND PROTECTION AGAINST
POLLUTION,
National Inst of Water Research, South Africa.
B. R. Allanson, M. R. Henzen, and O. J. Coetzee.
Conference on the Problems Associated with the
Purification, Discharge and Re-Use of Municipal
and Industrial Effluents, Pretoria, 1964, pp 77-92.
Descriptors: Drainage, 'Chemical analysis, 'Water
pollution, 'Runoff, 'Water quality.
Identifiers: Urban drainage, 'Bacteriological
sampling.
Consideration is given to the conditions on the
drainage surface of a catchment area which cause
changes in the chemical and bacteriological quality
of river water, to factors responsible for the self-pu-
rifying capacity of streams and rivers, and to
criteria upon which the efficient use of South
African rivers should be based. Data are included
showing how the physical and chemical quality of
surface waters is affected by natural factors (dis-
solved and suspended substances in rain water, ac-
cess of ground water, and contact with geological
formations), agricultural activities, and run-off
from residential and industrial areas.
W69-OI496
SOURCES OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
DM WATER SUPPLIES. TASK GROUP REPORT.
J Am Wat Wks Ass, Vol 59, pp 344-366, 1967.
Descriptors: Runoff, 'Nutrients, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, 'Water supply.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
In this second part of Task Group 261 OP of the
American Water Works Association, the sources
from which nitrogen and phosphorus may enter
water supplies are reviewed; a bibliography of 63
references is appended. Sources of these nutrients
include sewage, synthetic detergents, industrial
wastes, compounds used in water treatment, run-
off from agricultural and urban areas, wastes from
farm animals and wildfowl, rainfall and dustfall,
and nitrogen fixation. Some figures showing in-
creases in nutrient content of various rivers and
lakes in U.S. are quoted. From the available data,
an attempt has been made to estimate the relative
significance of the various sources of nitrogen and
phosphorus, and the results are tabulated, showing
that agricultural run-off is the greatest single con-
tributor of nitrogen and phosphorus to water sup-
plies. The possibility of controlling the amounts of
nutrients contributed by various sources is con-
sidered briefly
W69-OI497
CALIFORNIA HIGH WATER, 1965-1966.
California, Dept Water Resources-Bui 66-69
1967.61 p.
Descriptors: Rainfall-runoff relationshirjs.
Precipitation intensity, 'Storm runoff. Storms
Identifiers: California.
This report provides information on meteorology
rainfall-runoff, and damages resulting from major
storms of 1965-66 water year; it describes general
weather patterns preceding and during storm
periods, including precipitation characteristics and
discusses resulting runoff in seven hydrogranh
areas of state; it presents information on flooded
areas and damages; two storms during Nov !96«
recorded total of 30 in. of precipitation and one-
day maximum of 12.4 in. at station in Santa Ana
River Basin. *-»™
W69-01498
SEWERAGE MANUAL AND D1RECTOBV
1963. **'
Canadian Municipal Utilities, 144 p.
Descriptors: 'Surveys, 'Storm runoff, 'Water pol-
lution. Sewage treatment. ^^~
Identifiers: 'Canada.
This publication contains a Manual Section Inn
17-60, 135-138, and 140-141), giving information
on various aspects of sewage treatment and
disposal; a pictorial review of equipment (pp. go,
89); and a statistical section, giving details of the"
sewerage systems and sewage works in each
province of Canada (pp. 91-113). The Manual Sec-
tion includes articles on air utilization in sewaoe-
works (DUTTON, C. S.), including aerated
detritus tanks, aerated channels, and types of
equipment for aeration in the activated-sludge
process; 'package' and 'compact' sewage-treatmerS
plants (GRUNWELL, H.), with illustrated descrto.
tions of representative plants, namely the 'AcceloL
Biox', 'Rated-Aeration', 'Sparjair', 'Oxigest', ann
'Septi-Robic' units, all of which are based on an ex-
tended-aeration process, and the 'Simplex' Corner
Pocket Plant (based on the standard activated
sludge process), 'Clarigester' (providing prirnarv"
treatment and digestion), and 'Oxigritter' (prirnarv
treatment); elutriation of digested sludge (SCOTT
G. T. G.); problems caused by synthetic detergents
(BERRY, A. E.), including data on the concentra
tions of these materials in sewage, sewage-works ef
fluents, river water, storm water, well water a^d
laundries waste waters in Ontario, and the remedial
measures taken; pumping in sewerage svsfr.
(MAC KENZIE, J. A., and TAITERSALL, J J/T?
and instrumentation, control and automation r
sewage works (SIMMONS, R. A. G.) °r
W69-01499
CLEAN UP OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
Effluent Water Treat J, Vol 8, No 5 p 25S
1968. ' '
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Lake Michiam,
Storm sewers, 'Sewer separation, *Urha
drainage. "
Pollution control authorities in the four states bor
dering Lake Michigan and the Federal Govcrrunent
have signed an agreement with broad powers t
correct pollution in that lake. According to thi •
agreement, storm and sanitary sewers are to hj
separated in new developments and in connection
with urban reconstruction projects, unless pollu
tion can be controlled by other techniques.
tion from existing combination storm and s
sewers is to be controlled by July 1977 by seo
tion of sewage before it reaches the waterwavs
W69-OI500 * •
26
-------
STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION—Field 07
POLLUTION OF THE RIVER MERSEY.
Effluent and Water Treatment J, Vol 3, pp 217-22,
April 1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Cities,
'Water pollution, Bioindicators.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'River Mersey,
Great Britain.
The chief source of pollution in the River Mersey is
from large discharges of trade effluents. The
discharge of such wastes into public sewage treat-
ment works would improve the condition of the
river substantially. The desirability of treating trade
wastes in sewage treatment plants indicates the ad-
vantage of centralization of sewage disposal works.
Another major source of pollution in urban areas is
the premature operation of storm sewage over-
flows. This frequently happens in dry weather when
streams are at low flow. The Mersey River Board
has recommended that, where practicable, the
overflows would not operate until at least 8 times
dry weather flow has been reached. The sig-
nificance of pollution is evidenced by typhoid,
paratyphoid, and Salmonella infections directly
from polluted water or indirectly from food con-
taminated by it.
W69-01501
RECLAIMED WATER WILL HELP FILL
LAKES.
Publ Wks, N Y, Vol 96, No 3, pp 82-83,1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Drainage, Tunnels,
Design flow, 'Water reuse.
Identifiers: Combined sewers, Minneapolis, Minn.
Details are given of a proposal to use storm water
and water discharged from air-conditioning plants
to maintain the levels in a chain of recreational
lakes at Minneapolis, Minn., during the summer
months. By constructing a control dam in the lower
portion of the existing system of drainage tunnels,
2.6 mil. gal of water can be impounded. The dam
will be fitted with a sluice gate which will permit
periodic flushing of the system, and will open auto-
matically during heavy rainfall. The air-condition-
ing water is of good quality, and precautions will be
taken to avoid interconnexions between the tunnels
and the city's combined sewerage system. It is esti-
mated that, in spite of variations in flow, the design
flow of 22 ft (3) per sec can be maintained during
most of the 100-day period when it is intended to
divert water to the lakes.
W69-01502
PROGRESS AT COLCHESTER SEWAGE-
TREATMENT WORKS.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 127, No 3840, pp 28-
29,1966.
Descriptors: Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
Progress on the construction of a new high-level
inlet works and on the reconstruction of 2 high-
level storm-water tanks, at the Haven sewage
works, Colchester, is reviewed and illustrated.
W69-OIS03
WHAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FROM
STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS.
Wastes Eng, Vol 33, 1962.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Outlets,
'Chlorination, 'Ozone, Design, 'Water pollution,
Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers. 'Urban drainage, 'New
York(N. Y.).
In a symposium on the treatment of storm sewage
overflows presented by the Sanitary Engineering
Division, Metropolitan Section, American Society
of Civil Engineers, the subjects discussed were
frequency and composition of storm-sewage over-
flows; the effect of storm-water outfalls on waters
around New York City; techniques of analysing
and classifying harbour water; sewage and storm-
water Chlorination; treatment of storm-sewage
overflows with ozone; design of facilities for
chlorinating storm water; and design and operation
of sewerage systems to minimize pollution.
W69-01504
REPORTS ON THE PROGRESS OF APPLIED
CHEMISTRY.
London, Society of Chemical Industry, 1963, Vol
48, 800 p.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Legisla-
tion, 'Storm runoff, Bioindicators.
Identifiers: 'Bacteriological sampling.
Progress in the various branches of applied chemis-
try is reviewed, with a comprehensive list of
references appended to each chapter. The follow-
ing are among the subjects considered. (1) Sewage,
trade wastes and river pollution. MC NICHOLAS,
}. (pp. 322-333). This review covers legislation to
control pollution of surface waters and beaches,
and studies on river pollution; effect of polluting
materials on fish; storm sewage; percolating filters;
activated-sludge process; sludge treatment; effects
of synthetic detergents; treatment of trade-waste
waters; and instruments for the control and moni-
toring of sewage-treatment processes. (2)
Biodegradability of detergents. DICKER, D. W. G.
(pp. 334-342). Current progress in the develop-
ment of 'biologically-soft' anionic detergent
materials and the control of 'hard' materials is out-
lined, followed by a review of work on the measure-
ment of biological degradability and its relation to
molecular structure; studies on non-ionic deter-
gents, since their relative contribution to pollution
will increase as biologically-soft anionic detergents
come into general use; and studies on the toxicity
of surface-active agents and the removal of alkyl-
benzenesulphonates from waste waters. (3)
Microbiology of water, sewage and industrial ef-
fluents. ALLEN, L. A. (pp. 532-541). This chapter
covers the microbiology of water, especially
sewage-polluted water, and of waste-treatment
processes, particularly the various modifications of
the activated-sludge process and the treatment of
carbonization, cyanide, cellulose-manufacture and
other trade waste waters. (4) Sampling for bac-
teriological examination. GIBBS, B. M. (pp. 541-
549). Included in this review are sampling devices
and techniques for the microbiological examina-
tion of water and mud. Other chapters of the report
contain information on the disinfection of water by
Chlorination (p. 566) or ozonation (p. 602),
demineralization of sea water using soluble
phthalocyanine dyes to increase the rate of solar
evaporation (p. 54), and the use of plastic pipes for
drinking water (p. 622).
W69-OJ505
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1965.
Great Britain Ministry of Technology.
London, H M Stationery Office, 1966. 224 p. 4
plates.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: Great Britain.
This report contains information on work carried
out at the Water Pollution Research Laboratory
during 1965, including investigations on the ac-
tivated-sludge process and biological filtration;
biological decomposition of synthetic detergents;
role of protozoa in biological treatment processes;
ecology of invertebrates in filters; sedimentation of
sewage and humus; factors affecting digestion and
dewatering of sludge; volume and composition of
storm sewage; treatment of humus-tank effluent in
pebble-bed clarificrs; recovery of water from
sewage effluents; treatment and disposal of various
types of trade waste water; effects of pollution on
fish; oxygen balance in streams; control of water
weeds and midges; growth of sewage fungus in
streams; dispersion of sewage from sea outfalls; and
development of analytical methods and instru-
ments. A list of papers published during the year is
appended.
W69-01506
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1964.
Great Britain Ministry of Technology.
London, H M Stationery Office, 1965. 182 p.
Descriptors: Sedimentation, 'Storm runoff,
'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Chemical analysis.
Flow measurement.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, 'Great Britain.
This report contains the results of investigations on
the following subjects: (1) aerobic biological treat-
ment of sewage and industrial wastes; (2) sedimen-
tation processes; (3) sludge treatment; and (4)
sewage. The data obtained on the flow and com-
position of storm sewage at Brighouse, Yorkshire
have been analyzed. Although the B.O.D. and con-
centration of ammoniacal nitrogen in storm sewage
were lower than the dry-weather values, the con-
centration of suspended solids was always much
higher. In general, the B.O.D., permanganate
value, and ammonia content of the storm sewage
discharged in the first 15 minutes were about twice
as great as that discharged after the first 30-40
minutes; the reduction in suspended solids content
was much less marked.
W69-01507
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUMBERLAND
RIVER BOARD, THE NORTHUMBERLAND
AND TYNESIDE RIVER BOARD, AND THE
WEAR AND TEES RIVER BOARD FOR THE
YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1964.
Cumberland River Board, the Northumberland and
Tyneside River Board and the Wear and Tees River
Board.
90 pp, 15 graphs, 8 tables, 3 plates; 58 pp. 2 gr; 58
pp, 4 pi, 1 map.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Waste dilution. Standards, 'Overflow.
These reports contain information on water
resources, fisheries, and prevention of pollution, in-
cluding the quality of water and sources of pollu-
tion in individual rivers; standards for effluents
from sewage works, storm-sewage tanks and over-
flows, individual properties, farms, and trade
premises. In the Wear and Tees area, serious pollu-
tion, with obvious pollution by crude sewage, was
observed in a small stream following a heavy storm,
showing that overflows of storm-sewage are not
adequately diluted by the increasing flow of the
receiving stream when the stream is small and the
storm-sewage overflow setting is low.
W69-01508
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL RE-
PORTS BEING FOR THE YEARS ENDED 31ST
MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1964.
Lancashire River Board.
102 pp and 106 p respectively.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Urban drainage.
These reports contain information on water
resources and the prevention of river pollution,
both of which were affected by the severe cold
weather early in 1963. One of the principal
problems in the industrialized parts of the area is
the pollution caused by storm sewage overflows,
and to alleviate pollution caused by the 'first flush'
27
-------
Field 07—STORMWATER • QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION
of storm sewage overflows the Board has suggested
the provisions of holding tanks. An investigation
was begun into the factors causing growth of
Sphaerotilus natans in a river below the outfall
from a paper mill where suspended solids content
and BOD of the effluent are vary low. Other special
investigations included studies on the Wyre estuary
to determine the composition and rate of discharge
of effluents which could be considered unlikely to
harm migratory fish. The criteria used in assessing
the degree of pollution of a river or stream are sum-
marized.
W69-01509
TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH STATUTORY
ANNUAL REPORTS, YEARS ENDED 31ST
MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1964.
Trent River Board.
116 pp, 2 maps, 6 plates.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, *Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Surface runoff.
Identifiers: * Storm sewers, 'Suspended solids.
These reports of the Trent River Board contain sec-
tions on water resources, fisheries, and prevention
of river pollution, including information on water
quality (which is interpreted in relation to the
discharge of polluting waste waters and the effects
of severe cold weather); remedial action; and stan-
dards for effluents. Chemical data obtained in river
surveys are appended and are correlated with
biological characteristics as represented by the
Biotic Index. The principal cause offish mortalities
was de-oxygenation of river water due to prolonged
ice and snow cover or to the operation of storm-
sewage overflows following periods of dry weather;
the first flush of water discharged from surface-
water sewers after a dry period is also highly pollut-
ing and contributes to de-oxygenation. During the
first few days of April each year the rivers Tame
and Trent carry in suspension large quantities of
detached sewage fungus which, under conditions of
low flow, settle out with other suspended matter
and tend to become black in colour, following rain-
fall and increased flow in the rivers, this material is
scoured out into suspension and exerts a considera-
ble oxygen demand thus contributing further to the
de-oxygenation. The cold winter of 1963 inhibited
nitrification at most of the sewage works; this
caused increased concentrations of ammonia in the
receiving waters at a period when flow was minimal
and the frozen surface of the rivers prevented aera-
tion, and is considered to be the cause of elimina-
tion of fish in a stretch of the river Soar. Prevention
of Pollution By-laws became operative in
November 1962.
W69-OI510
SECOND QUINQUENNIAL ABSTRACT OF
STATISTICS RELATING TO RIVER SURVEYS
IN THE TRENT WATERSHED COVERING THE
FIVE-YEAR PERIOD 1957 TO 1961 (WITH
SOME SUPPL DATA FOR 1962).
Trent River Board.
120 p, map.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution.
Sewers, Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Urbandrainage.
Data are tabulated from chemical and biological
surveys of rivers in the Trent watershed in the
period 1957-1962, and the percentage change in
composition between 1951 and 1962 is estimated
for various sampling points. The condition of the
various stretches of watercourses is indicated on a
map using a colour-coding scheme. At present.
about 80 per cent of the streams in the watershed
are reasonably clean and of some use to the com-
munity, but there are still about 150 miles of water-
course which are badly polluted. Only 60 per cent
of the sewage effluents reach the requirements set
by the River Board but the treatment facilities arc
being improved gradually. Factors contributing to
the deterioration of surface waters are discussed,
including the delay in constructing water-treatment
facilities for new housing and industrial develop-
ments, increasing volumes of effluent and increas-
ing abstractions of water (which increase the ratio
of used matural water in the streams), and increas-
ing volumes of storm run-off for which there is in-
sufficient sewer capacity, especially in older urban
sewerage systems which do not provide capacity
for six or even three times dry-weather flow. Where
it is not practicable to improve conditions in
streams by imposing higher standards for effluents
and discharges from storm-sewage overflows, it
may be necessary to consider 'farming the river' to
ensure the greatest possible degree of self-purifica-
tion.
W69-01511
REPORT ON POLLUTION FROM OVER-
FLOWS - THE METROPOLITAN SANITARY
DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO.
Black and Veatch.ConsIt Engrs, Kansas City, Mo.,
1962.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Water pollution.
Biochemical oxygen demand, Sewage treatment,
•Storm runoff. Surface runoff.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers. Sewer separation.
Engineering studies of the Chicago Interceptor
Sewer System - including identification of system
sections which limit capacity, frequency of over-
flows, and pollution loads (P. E.) - showed an enor-
mous B. O. D. contribution (75%) from the sewage
treatment plants in relation to the overall pollution
of the waterway. Construction of additional treat-
ment plants nearer to the source of sewage load,
tertiary treatment facilities, and ultimately,
complete separation of sanitary sewage from storm
water, are suggested. Areas requiring further study
include the feasibility of stormwater treatment
facilities, the pollutional character of surface ru-
noff and the entire industrial waste problem.
W69-01790
PRELIMINARY POLLUTION STUDY UPPER
EAST RIVER.
Report to New York City and New York State
Depts of Health. Lockwood, Kessler and Bartlctt,
Inc., (No Date).
Descriptors: 'Water pollution. Sewage effluent,
Sewage treatment, 'Overflow, Tracers, 'Chlorina-
tion, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
New York (N. Y.).
Basic analysis of origin of pollution in upper East
River indicates that these stem from discharge of
unchlorinated effluents of 4 major sewage treat-
ment plants and overflows from 80 combined
sewers. Hydrographic studies detailing float stu-
dies, dye trails and tidal observations indicate
travel of pollution in area. Recommendations for
further studies to determine the frequency-quantity
relationship of rainy weather overflow of raw
sewage and to investigate the effect of Ch and/or
storage on rainy weather overflows from combined
studies are made.
W69-01791
ELIMINATION OF MARGINAL POLLUTION-
JAMAICA BAY.
Report to Dcpt of Public Works, New York City.
Grecley and Hanse. Engineers. (No date).
Descriptors: 'Deterioration, 'Water quality,
'Overflow, Recreation facilities, 'Storm runoff,
'Water pollution. Sewage treatment, 'Chlorina-
tion. Sedimentation. 'Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
•Jamaica Bay (N. Y.).
This report demonstrates the general relationship
between deterioration of beach water quality after
heavy rains from overflows of mingled sewage and
storm water. Recommendations for specific area
corrections are detailed - mainly attempting to
develop a system of separate sewers to replace ex-
isting and overloaded combined sewers. Recom-
mendations would localize potential pollution from
storm water overflows to seven areas where storm
water overflow treatment works are suggested.
Overflow treatment to consist of large holding
basins to capture the overflow, permit sedimenta-
tion and chlorination prior to ultimate discharge to
Jamaica Bay or pumping to sewage treatment
plants.
W69-01792
INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION cat
EASTCHESTER BAY.
Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, New York City
Department of Health. '
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Bacteriological
sampling.
Data presented emphasizes that overflow from
combined sewers is a major contributor to pollu-
tion in area. Bacteriological sampling data is tabu-
lated.
W69-01793
ACTIVITIES REPORT, JULY 1, 1964 - JUNE 3«
1965, BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES
BRANCH, DIVISION OF WATER SUPPLY AlS
POLLUTION CONTROL. "
U. S. Public Health Serv.
1965,58pp.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Surface ru-
noff. Sewage effluent, 'Chemical analysis. Bac-
teriological sampling, Waste dilution.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
This report reviews research carried out from 1964
to 1965 by the Basic and Applied Sciences Branch
of the Division of Water Supply and Pollution Con.
trol, aimed at determining causes and methods of
control of water pollution. Work has included stu-
dies on the chemical and microbiological analysis
of wastes; the polluting effects of urban and rural
run-off; the persistence of organic chemicals in sur-
face waters and their amenability to biological
degradation; the effects of pollution on aquatic life
and on municipal water use; methods of waste
treatment, including advanced treatment of
sewage; and control of surface-water quality bv
dilution and by removal of nutrients from efflucnta.
A list of papers published during the year is an.
pendcd. ^~
W69-01794
POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF STORMWATBB
AND OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWE]*
Public Health Service PubNol246,l964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, *Water
pollution control, Sewage treatment,
Waterpollution,'Control,Cities.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The purpose of this report is to examine and s*
in a preliminary way existing data on storm water
and combined sewer overflows in regards u»
characteristics and pollutional effects, and to in-
vestigate existing and possible corrective measure*
for dealing with the problem. The sources of data
include more than SO engineering reports ana
completed questionnaires regarding sewer system*
and/or sewage treatment, reports of detailed stul
dies of water quality data and stormwater scparal
tions, and interviews with municipal sanitation
28
-------
STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION—Field 07
representatives. These sources piovide information
on (a) quantity and quality of combined sewer
overflows; (b) effects on streams, water uses, and
users; (c) adverse effects, and if any, existing or
suggested control measures and their effectiveness;
and (d) costs necessary for control.
W69-01795
DISCHARGES FROM SEPARATE STORM
SEWERS AND COMBINED SEWERS,
W. J. Benzie, and R. J. Courchaine.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 3, p 410,
March 1966.
Descriptors: Discharge (Water), *Coliforms,
•Chemical analysis, Runoff.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
"Bacteriological sampling.
Discharges from a separate storm sewer system
showed mean median bacterial counts per 100 ml
of 12 x 100,000,0.82 x 100,000, and 1.4x 100,000
for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal
streptococci, respectively. Corresponding figures
for discharge from a combined system were 94 x
100,000, 2.7 x 100,000, and 5.8 x 100,000. The
ratios of fecal coliforms to fecal streptococci in the
combined and separate systems were 4.7 and 0.6,
respectively, indicating that the bacteria in the
combined system are primarily of human origin,
whereas those in the separate system are derived
from other warm-blooded animals. Phosphates and
nitrates in combined system discharges were about
3 to 4 times greater than contents in discharges
from separate systems.
W69-01796
THE DAY-TO-DAY POLLUTION PROBLEMS
OF THE THAMES ESTUARY,
L. C. Berts.
J Proc Inst Sew Purif, Pt 1, pp 48-63,1964.
Descriptors: 'Estuaries, * Storm runoff, Discharge
(Water), 'Water pollution control, Legislation.
Identifiers: 'Thames estuary.
The author outlines some of the sources of pollu-
tion of the Thames estuary and their effects, includ-
ing shipping, stormwater discharges, used cooling
water, sewage-works effluent, trade effluents, and
miscellaneous sources, and indicates some of the
measures being taken to reduce pollution, includ-
ing legislation and the work of the Port of London
Authority.
W69-01797
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTOR
SEWERS FOR ST LOUIS,
Erwin E. Bloss.
ASCE Proc, J. Sank Eng Div, Vol 92, No SA4,
Proc Paper 4877, pp 7-31, Aug 1966.
Descriptors: 'Design, Pumping, Sewers, 'Water
pollution control, 'Storm runoff, Overflow, 'Con-
struction costs.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, "Combined
sewers, "Capacity, 'St. Louis (Mo).
Preliminary to the sizing of the sewers, pumping
stations, and treatment plants of the Metropolitan
St. Louis Sewer District's Mississippi River Pollu-
tion Abatement Project, it was necessary to adopt a
design criterion for the interceptors on the com-
bined sewers. The amount of pollutional load
spilled to the river during storm water runoff was
computed for interceptors of three different
capacities when functioning under rainfall condi-
tions corresponding to those experienced during
1955. Pollution was measured in terms of 'equil-
valent hours of sewage flow.' It was found that with
interceptors having a capacity of 1.0 times peak
sewage flow, 3.1% of the total yearly sewage flow
would be spilled during storm water runoff.
Furthermore, the efficiency of the overall project
after primary treatment would be approximately
0.25% less with interceptor capacity of 1.0 times
peak sewage flow than with interceptor capacity of
1.25 times peak sewage flow, whereas the increase
in cost of the project, using the larger interceptors
would have been on the order of $2,800,000. The
smaller size interceptor was adopted.
W69-01798
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RECOVERY OF A
BRITISH RIVER FROM GROSS ORGANIC
POLLUTION,
R.O. Brinkhurst.
Hydrobiologia, Vol 25, pp 9-51,1965.
Descriptors: Sampling, Water pollution control.
Overflow, "Storm runoff, "Bioindicators.
Identifiers: Derbyshire (Great Britain).
Until 1957 the lower reaches of the river Derwent,
Derbyshire, were heavily polluted with effluents
from Derby sewage works and from an industrial
plant and with heated cooling water from the latter
and from a power plant; in 1957, a new sewage
works was put in operation to treat both sewage
and the industrial waste water and cooling towers
and recirculation systems were installed to control
the heated discharges. Since then, several biologi-
cal surveys of the river above and below the sewage
works have been carried out; results are tabulated
and discussed. Immediately after the removal of the
gross pollution there was a dramatic recovery in the
condition of the river, but this was followed by a
period of fluctuating conditions and there is now a
uniformly poor fauna of tolerant species at all sta-
tions in spite of the chemical evidence that the river
is cleaner above the sewage works than below it; it
is concluded that no further improvement can be
expected until upstream sources of pollution
(mostly small sewage works and storm-sewage
overflows) are improved and the flushing of pol-
luted tributaries is prevented. Particular attention
has been paid to the Oligochacta in the river, and
the results confirm that these organisms, when
identified to species and estimated quantitatively,
can be useful in assessing pollution.
W69-01799
THE DETERGENT CONTENT OF RIVER
WATER AS A FUNCTION OF WATER FLOW,
W. Bucksteeg, and N. Wolter.
Water Res, Vol 1, pp 325-333,1967.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff, Outlets, "Detergents,
Water pollution, 'Waste dilution.
The content of detergent in river water is lowered
as the water flow increases because of the dilution,
but the total amount of detergents, or the load,
rises. This increase is caused by the discharge of
sewage without biological treatment through
stormwater outlets and by the reduction of the re-
tention-time in the river during the high flow. Both
factors diminish the possibility of biological decay.
so that the relationship between water flow and de-
tergent load is a result of more or less complete
biodegradation. It is influenced by the temperature
and degradability of the detergents. The introduc-
tion of soft detergents since October 1964 has
caused an important decrease in detergents at low
and medium water flows. The advantage of soft de-
tergents is theirefore masked by the growth of de-
tergent use in recent years.
W69-01800
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL COMPARISON
OF COMBINED AND SEPARATE SEWER
DISCHARGES,
R. J. Burm, D. F. Krawczyk, and C. L. Harlow.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 40. No 1, p 112, Jan
1968.
Descriptors: Discharge (Water), 'Biological ox-
ygen demand, Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Suspended solids, Ann Arbor (Mich), Detroit
(Mich).
A comparative study of separate storm-sewer
discharges in Ann Arbor, Mich., with combined
discharges in Detroit showed that the BOD in the
separate discharges was about 20 percent of that in
the combined discharges. Concentrations lessened
as discharge progressed. Values for total and
volatile suspended solids and for total and volatile
setteable solids were higher in the separate system
because of greater erosion in hillier terrain.
Phosphates were higher in combined flows, but
nitrates were lower. Higher concentrations also
were found in the combined system for phenols.
NH3-N, and organic N. In the separate system,
BOD was fairly constant throughout the year, but
in the combined system summer BOD's were
higher. Both systems showed lower phosphate con-
centrations in autumn.
W69-01801
BACTERIOLOGICAL COMPARISON
BETWEEN COMBINED AND SEPARATE
SEWER DISCHARGES,
R. J. Burm, and R. D. Vaughan.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 38, No 3, p 400,
March 1966.
Descriptors: Discharge (Water), Sewers,
"Coliforms, "Runoff.
Identifiers: "Combined sewers, "Storm sewers.
Comparison of discharges from combined and
separate sewer systems in two Michigan cities
showed that total coliform concentrations in runoff
carried by separate storm systems are about one
tenth of those in combined sewers. Fecal coliform
densities in combined systems are about 20 percent
of total coliform densities, but are usually a lesser
percentage in separate systems. Fecal streptococ-
cus densities in combined systems are only about
twice those in separate systems. Ratios of fecal
coliforms to fecal streptocci for the systems in-
dicate that fecal coliforms in separate sewer
discharges are primarily of non-human origin, and
those in combined sewer discharges are of human
origin.
W69-01802
SELF-PURIFICATION IN MUSSELS FROM
THE MEDITERRANEAN-ITS USEFULNESS -
ITS ACCOMPLISHMENT-RESULTS OB-
TAINED,
R. Buttiaux, and R. Fcrrand.
Symp Comm Int Explor Scicnt Mcr Mcdit,
Monaco, 1964, pp 299-306. 1965.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff. Out-
lets, "Overflow, "Pathogenic bacteria. Standards,
•Shellfish.
Identifiers: "Bacteriological sampling, Toulon
(France), Interceptor sewers.
Mussels cultivated in Lazaret bay, Toulon, France.
arc subjected to much pollution and have in the
past caused serious typhoid epidemics. The buy,
which is almost completely enclosed, being con-
nected with the open sea by only two narrow
passages, receives waste waters from the dockyard
and from warships anchored in the harbour; pollut-
ing material is also carried into the bay by run-off.
during the heavy storms which are frequent in this
region; and although an intercepting sewer, with an
outfall outside the bay, has been built to divert a
large part of the municipal sewage, the storm-
sewage overflows still discharge into the bay itself.
and the water and mussels still suffer faecal con-
tamination, as shown by tabulated data. Although
bacteriological examination of water in the buy be-
fore and after a period of 5 hours' sunshine showed
an important reduction in the numbers of
Eschcrichicac, the bactcricida action of sea water
is slow, especially in the case of Salmonella, and it
is too slow to prevent the penetration of sulmoncl-
lac into molluscs. A plant was therefore set up ul
Toulon for the self-purification of shellfish in clean
sea water and the bacteriological quality of mussels
was assessed before and after treatment, on the
basis of standards proposed for the content of
29
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Field 07—STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION
Escherichia coli and Streptococcus D. Good results
were achieved as regards the protection of public
health, with no loss in the organoleptic quality of
the shellfish.
W69-01803
STORM WATER FLOW SELECTION METHOD
ELIMINATES SILT PROBLEM,
G. Chanin.
Water and Sewage Works, Vol 102, No 8, pp 300-
3, July 1955.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, 'Storm drains, Sewage
treatment.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
New Sewage Treatment Plant in Oakland, Califor-
nia, had disadvantage that large volumes of storm
water with fine sand and silt reached it so that
sludge collectors were completely covered; to
eliminate this, channel was constructed to by-pass
storm waters; requirements for test to determine
whether sand and silt are present and whether by-
pass gates should be opened.
W69-01804
SOURCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NEMATODES
IN SURFACE WATERS,
N. Chaudhuri, R. Siddiqi, and R. S. Engelbrecht.
J Amer Water Works Assoc, Vol 56, pp 73-88, Jan
1964.
Descriptors: 'Subsurface drainage, 'Surface ru-
noff, 'Sewage effluent, 'Bioindicators, Sampling,
Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Bacteriological sampling, 'Urban
drainage.
The importance of collecting large volumes of
water to composite nature to obtain representative
samples is stressed. The 5 mu membrane filters
yield a complete recovery of nematodes. Subsur-
face drainage, surface runoff, and waste treatment
effluent are the 3 main sources of nematodes in sur-
face waters, but only the waste effluent carries high
concentrations of nematodes. Urban drainage has a
higher nematode content than that of rural area.
The nematode load of a stream receiving rural
drainage appears to be related to the flushing
capacity of the runoff and of the stream and to the
carrying capacity of the stream. The persistence of
nematodes in streams appears to be related to the
mean stream temperature, the stream temperature
changes, the rate of flow of the stream, and the na-
ture of the nematode population. The pattern of
seasonal variation in nematode populations in
streams appears to be the same regardless of the
source of nematodes.
W69-01805
FOCUS ON POLLUTION REDUCTION IN
SCOTLAND,
R.W.Covill.
Survr, Vol 130, No 3938, pp 25-6, Nov 25, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Surface ru-
noff, Drainage, Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Scotland.
Industrial and population growth increased number
and density of water discharge points along rivers,
locks and estuaries, and similarly volume and
strength of such discharges have increased; indus-
trial effluents include organic, inorganic, radioac-
tive, and pollution resulting from heated effluents;
land drainage comprises silt pollution, surplus ir-
rigation water, surface water runoff and agricul-
tural particles and fertilizers; responsibility for
water resources management should be vested in
one organization covering functions of potable and
industrial water supply, drainage, and municipal
and industrial water treatment and pollution
prevention.
W69-OI806
FIELD STUDIES ON THE FLOW AND COM-
POSITION OF STORM SEWAGE,
R. N. Davidson, and A. L. H. Gameson.
Symposium on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4,
1967. Sponsored by the Institution of Civil En-
gineers (Gt Brit).
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Sampling,
•Biochemical oxygen demand,'Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
Investigations on sewers draining three areas, one
in Northampton, one in Bradford, and one in
Brighouse resulted in data from which several
graphs and equations were derived and used to esti-
mate the effect of changes in overflow setting on
the frequency duration and volume of discharge
from a hypothetical overflow. The overflows at
Brighouse and Bradford did not conform to such
ideal conditions. Calculations indicated that the
flow at which first spill should occur might vary by
over 3%. These particular overflows are discussed
and the various ways of expressing overflow
settings are summarized. An automatic sampler
was used at each site for storm sewage. There was a
tendency for the strength of sewage to decrease
with time during a storm. Variations in average
composition of storm sewage with ratio of excess
flow to total flow are given. Tables are included of
the average maximum values of suspended solids
and BOD, the multiples of daily dry weather load
discharges from hypothetical overflow at
Northampton, and existing overflows at Bradford
and Brighouse in a year of average rainfall.
W69-OI807
BACTERIAL SURVEY OF STREAMS AND
BATHING BEACHES AT CLEVELAND,
J. S. Delos.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 22, No 12, pp
1618-24, Dec 1950.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Recreation facili-
ties, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Coliforms, Bioin-
dicators.
Identifiers: Bacteriological sampling, Cleveland
(Ohio).
This article is a condensation of the original report
submitted to the Commissioner of Sewage Disposal
and covers the 1949 survey and a comparison with
earlier pre-war studies. The objects of the 1949 sur-
vey were: (1) To determine the present level of pol-
lution of the bathing beaches as compared to
prewar level. (2) To determine the effect of storm
water overflows on the pollution level. (3) To
determine the quality of water flowing in the
streams discharging into the lake. Brief description
of testing, areas tested and short tables of data are
included. Conclusions reached were that coliform
count definitely increased during wet period. For a
given period, the number of days of rain has a
greater effect than the amount of rain which fell at
a particular period.
W69-01808
DESCRIPTION OF A COMMUNITY OF
MICRO-ORGANISMS IN PURIFIED SEWAGE
MIXED WITH RAIN WATER FROM STORM
SEWERS,
T. G. N. Dresscher.
Hydrobiologia. Vol 14, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Sewage effluent.
Water pollution, 'Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Bacteriological sampling, Amsterdam
(Holland).
The author gives details of the community of
micro-organisms isolated during the period 1953-
1958 from a canal to which arc discharged storm
water and the effluent from the activated sludge
plant serving the western pan of Amsterdam. Sam-
pling procedures and biological investigations are
described and a comprehensive list of organisms
isolated during this period is given. The determina-
tion of micro-biocoenosis, based on the number of
micro-organisms present, is discussed. Results of
bacteriological and chemical investigations are also
given. The Eijkman test carried out at 45 degreesC
and the determination of faecal streptococci
showed a decrease in faecal pollution from 195 3 to
1957, but pollution increased again in 1958. The
average chemical results also showed that pollution
was least in 1956 and 1957, and this coincided with
a reduction in the numbers of Euglenophyceae and
some other organisms.
W69-01809
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES TOR
STORMWATERS AND COMBINED SEVVFB
OVERFLOWS,
D. D. Dunbar, and J. G. F. Henry.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 38, No 1 D 9 Ion
1966. 'v
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Storm ™
noff, 'Overflow. 'Chlorination.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers, *|n.
terceptor sewers, Capacity.
Two primary sources of water pollution other than
domestic and industrial wastewaters are the
discharges from combined sewer overflows and
from separate storm sewer systems. Such overflows
can contribute objectionable amounts of pollution
to receiving waters. Interceptor and wastewater
treatment plant capacity in relation to average dry-
weather flow shows that the overall efficiency of
raw sewage collection is not improved greatly once
such capacity reaches 3 x dry-weather flow. Partial
separation of stormwater by collecting street runoff
in a collection system independent of an existhu
combined system markedly increases pollution
control efficiency of the existing system; this
method is about 40 percent as costly as' total
separation. Volumetric storage sufficient for a
storm of 1.2 in/6 hr (30.5 mm/6 hr) can reduce
stormwater escaping treatment from 85 to 4O oer
cent. Chlorination of stormwater runoff or of mix-
tures of stormwater and raw sewage can reduce ef~
fectively bacterial concentrations.
W69-OI810
fru>
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
STORM WATERS AND COMBINED
OVERFLOWS,
D. D. Dunbar, and J. G. F. Henry.
Can Mun Utilities (Sewerage Manual and Direot^
ry)ppl2-20, 1964. "irecto-
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Storm n.
noff, 'Overflow. TO "*-
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers
Relative importance of other sources of pollution
such as mixtures of storm water runoff and ra *
sewage being discharged from combined sew»v
systems, as well as pollutional capabilities of stem.
water being discharged from separate sewcT
systems are assessed, and merits of various control
measures examined, review of investigations mad»
to study extent of pollution originating in combineH
and in separate storm sewer overflows ^^^
W69-OI81I
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF VAC-
TERIAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS,
Walter Reed Army Inst of Research, Washington
D. W. Duttweiler.
Am Water Works Assoc J, Vol 58, No 6 nn ~IA->
50, June 1966. °- PP 742-
Descriptors: Design, 'Water quality, *Bioindi~
tors, 'Coliforms. "««ca-
Identifiers: 'Bacteriological sampling, «Cul«.i
lions. »".uw-
Operating characteristics provide a basis for
tional design of water quality surveillance i»rw
*?"?" !?cti)Sopapcr °P«ralin8 characteristic curwi
of the USPHS bactcriologic quality standards^
30
-------
STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION—Field 07
derived for both the membrane filter method and
the most probable number method. These curves
indicate the probability that water of a certain
coliform bacteria density will be acceptable. The
importance of volume and number of monthly sam-
ples in determining the risks of unknowingly ac-
cepting waters having high coliform densities is
discussed. Under present USPHS standards, the
probability of rejecting water having a coliform
density of I per 100 ml. is relatively constant and
less than 0.01 for all membrane filter method and
most probable number method day-to-day samples.
It is suggested that greatly improved drinking water
quality control be obtained by examining a
minimum of 8 monthly 200-ml. samples by the
membrane filter method for continuous surveil-
lance. Operating characteristic curves are shown
for monthly control periods for both the membrane
filter method and the most probable number
method.
W69-01812
COLIFORM AFTERGROWTHS IN
CHLORINATED STORM OVERFLOWS,
R. Eliassen.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 94, No SA2,
paper 5913, pp 371-80, April 1968.
Descriptors: 'Coliforms, *Storm runoff, 'Over-
flow, *Chlorination, Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Bacteriological
sampling. Dilution.
Laboratory tests were conducted on possible bac-
teriological effects of combined sewer storm over-
flows into tidal estuary; overflow mixture was
diluted with 3 to 25 volumes of estuarine waters to
represent dilutions expected under average storm
conditions; bacterial growths were observed in raw
overflow and at various dilutions, using 3-liter
flasks at 68 F, with incubation periods up to 120 hr,
most probable number values of conforms were
determined after fixed time intervals.
W69-018I3
THE USE OF LAKES IN CONNECTION WITH
SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
L B. Escritt.
Water Waste Treatment J, Vol 7, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Storm runoff, Out-
lets, 'Flow control, 'Lakes, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Capacity, Great Britain.
The author discusses the discharge of partially-
treated sewage and of storm water to lakes. Ex-
periences in various countries are quoted, and it is
concluded that, with reasonable precautions, lakes
could be used in England for the storage of surface
run-off without causing nuisance. The design and
installation of a module to regulate the outflow
from the storage lake to a stream is discussed, and a
method and formulae are given for calculating the
required storage capacity of a lake in terms of the
frequency of storm and rate of outflow from
storage.
W69-OI814
RIVER POLLUTION BY STORM OVERFLOWS.
AN ATTEMPT AT RATIONALIZATION,
H C. Gatehouse.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 123, No 3754, pp 33-
34,37-39,1964.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff.
'Overflow, Water pollution control, Discharge
(Water). .
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The author criticizes the interim report of the
Technical Committee on Storm Overflows and
points out various unsatisfactory aspects of the
measures recommended for the control of pollu-
tion by storm-sewage overflows from combined
sewers. He stresses the dangers to health of such
pollution, and indicates steps that should be taken
to eliminate discharges of untreated storm sewage.
W69-01815
INVESTIGATIONS AT
STORM-WATER
NORTHAMPTON,
A. L. H. Gameson, and R. N. Davidson.
J Inst Sew Purif, Pt2,1963.
Descriptors: 'Flow measurement, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, "Storm runoff, Water pollution,
'Overflow, Sewage effluent, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, 'Storage tanks,
•Capacity.
Tabulated and graphical results are given of studies
carried out at Northampton over a period of 2
years on the flow and composition of sewage in a
main sewer, with no overflows, particularly during
wet weather. It was found that the strength of the
storm sewage entering the system, as judged by the
B.O.D., was less at high flows, decreased with time
since the start of the storm, and increased with
length of time since the previous storm. The storm
sewage contained a higher concentration of
suspended solids than did crude sewage, the
greatest concentration of solids being associated
with the first flush of storm sewage and this max-
imum value was greatest when the storm had been
preceded by several days of dry weather. The pol-
luting effect of the first flush of storm sewage is at-
tributed to the scouring out of grit and organic
solids deposited in the system during dry weather.
It was estimated that, had the system been provided
with a storm-water overflow, raising the setting of
the overflow by one times dry-weather flow would
have roughly the same proportional effect
throughout the range from 3 to 30 times dry-
weather flow, and no substantial reduction in the
amount of polluting matter discharged would be
achieved by a small change in the setting. However,
the provision of storage capacity equivalent to 2-
hour dry-weather flow at the overflow would
reduce the B.O.D. load discharged from an over-
flow set at 6 times dry-weather flow by about 40
per cent, and trebling the storage capacity would
reduce the load by a further 20 per cent of the ini-
tial value, equivalent to raising the overflow setting
to 11 times dry-weather flow. The average B.O.D.
load discharged per year from an overflow set at 6
times dry-weather flow would be nearly as great as
the B.O.D. load discharged as sewage-works ef-
fluent during the same period if the whole flow to
treatment were discharged as effluent with B.O.D.
of 20 ppm and the suspended solids discharged
would be equivalent to 3 times the load in a sewage
effluent containing 30 ppm solids. It is stressed that
the results of this investigation cannot be applied to
other sewerage systems until comparable data are
available for other sites.
W69-01816
THE FLOW IN A STREAM AS A MEASURE OF
THE DEGREE OF DILUTION OF STORM-
WATER DISCHARGES,
R.Gaul.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 73,404, 1952.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Flow measurement,
'Waste dilution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
A method is described for calculating the discharge
of storm water from combined sewerage systems in
relation to the flow of the receiving stream.
W69-01817
POLLUTION PREVENTION IN NORTHERN
IRELAND,
T. R. Graham.
Effluent Water Treatment J, Vol 7, No I, pp 35-37,
Jan 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
•Overflow, Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks.
Northern Ireland.
A general report on current water quality condi-
tions in Northern Ireland at a time of intense ex-
pansion involving the growth of cities, creation of a
city, construction of a motorway network, and the
doubling of ferry capacity between Britain and
Northern Ireland is presented. The need for future
legislation that will prevent and control pollution
from industrial and agricultural effluents is
stressed. Where there are combined sewers, high
rainfall in some areas causes much direct pollution
from storm sewage and prevents adequate reten-
tion time of storm water at the works. New
development areas have separate sewage systems.
In a few areas storm-water is settled by tanks at the
overflow, with occasional desludging.
W69-01818
THE RETENTION OF POLLUTING MATTER
FROM STORM OVERFLOWS,
H.Guntzel.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 56, 1933.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Overflow, Weirs, Design.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids.
Discusses the effect on streams of polluting matter
carried by storm water from sewer overflows, con-
ditions of flow at overflow weirs, different methods
of retaining solid matter (screens, settling tanks,
baffles, etc.) and their advantages, disadvantages
and possible improvement. A design of overflow is
suggested in which the overflow water passes
through screens inclined at such an angle that the
screening can be returned by an automatic scraper.
The installation of a screening plant permits the
discharge of greater quantities of storm water into a
stream as the dilution necessary is less for screened
than for unscreened storm water. The economics of
storm water treatment are discussed.
W69-01819
SEDIMENT IN SMALL RESERVOIRS DUE TO
URBANIZATION,
H. P. Guy, and G. E. Ferguson.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 88, No HY2,1962.
Descriptors: 'Land use, 'Sedimentation.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Increasing urban development may cause severe
silting in small reservoirs downstream from such
developments. A typical example is that of lake
Barcroft, near Washington, D. C., where 19 acre-ft
or 25,000 tons of sediment have been deposited for
each square mile of completed residential con-
struction. Factors affecting sedimentation in ur-
banized areas are listed; these are similar to those
occurring under rural conditions, but are more dif-
ficult to evaluate. Material deposited in a reservoir
after urban construction will probably be coarser
than that associated with rural conditions.
W69-01820
DETOUR1NG CALAMITY IN WATER
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT. A CASE DM
POINT: SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN,
S. W. Havlick.
Trans Wis Acad Sci Arts Lett, Vol 55, pp 59-76,
1966.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control. Recreation
facilities, Groundwater, 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Sewer separation, 'Storm sewers,
'Sewer infiltration, Milwaukee River (Wis).
After outlining difficulties encountered in the
development and management of water resources,
including the control of water quality, the author
analyses the situation in southeastern Wisconsin
with particular reference to the potential utilization
of water in the Milwaukee river basin and possible
methods for solving the pollution problem. The
Milwaukee river is used for industrial water sup-
plies and recreational purposes, but not for potable
supplies. Adequate supplies arc available from lake
31
-------
Field 07-STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION
Michigan although the costs of treatment are in-
creasing, partly owing to deterioration in water
quality. Further deterioration in quality of lake and
river water could be prevented by increased waste
treatment, separation of sanitary and storm sewers,
and elimination of ground-water infiltration into
the sewerage system. It is also proposed that the in-
creasing demand for recreational facilities could be
met by further development of lakes and reservoirs
within easy access, and that flood water from a loop
of the Milwaukee river could be diverted into lake
Michigan and used subsequently to augment the
river flow in dry weather.
W69-01821
SOURCES AND CONTROL OF RIVER POLLU-
TION,
R. D. Hoak.
Instruments, Vol 25, No 12, pp 1714-6, Dec 1952.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
Water pollution control, 'Instrumentation.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Five principal sources are erosion, storm water ru-
noff from urban areas, domestic sewage, industrial
waste and acid mine waters; varieties of pollution
which result from these causes; extent of stream
self purification; pollution control and types of in-
struments applicable.
W69-OI822
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEMENT
PROGRAM,
G.J.Hopkins.
Water Pollut Contr Fed J, Vol 39, No 9, pp 1487-
1503, Sept 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, Sewage
sludge. Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff, Pump-
ing, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Sewer separation,
•KansasCity (Mo.), Missouri River.
Kansas City, Mo., is carrying out a $75 million pro-
gram to abate pollution of the Missouri River and
its tributaries in the area. The program is financed
by revenue bonds supported by a sewer service
charge. The plan is geared to joint use of facilities
by Kansas City and the numerous adjacent mu-
nicipalities. Primary treatment of all wastewater is
now in effect. The facilities now completed include
four treatment plants and a number of pump sta-
tions, force mains, and interceptor sewers. Sewers
will be extended to presently undeveloped areas.
Unusual features include a sewer river crossing, use
of an abandoned water main as a sewer force main,
and pumping of sludge 7 miles (11.3km) for treat-
ment at a central facility. Waste treatment is un-
likely to provide a total solution to the Missouri
River's water quality problems. There is no demon-
strable need or economic justification for storm-
water separation for the Missouri River. Quality of
stormwatcr overflows may compare favorably with
that of the receiving water. These overflows occur
less than four percent of the time and their pollu-
tional significance has not been demonstrated.
W69-OI823
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING OF SEWAGE
WORKS,
A. Horlcr.
SchweizAHydrol.VoI 19,243,1957.
Descriptors: 'Sewage effluent. Sewage treatment,
•Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Combined sewers.
The planning of sewage disposal should be based
on topographical and not political divisions.
Methods of determining the amount of sewage are
described. Combined and separate sewerage
systems are compared, and the effect on the receiv-
ing stream of storm overflows and the improvement
obtained by stormwater storage tanks arc
discussed. The amount of storm water which
should receive complete treatment is then con-
sidered.
W69-01824
RIVER-WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN
RELATION TO WATERWORKS REQUIRE-
MENTS,
G. V. Houghton.
Symp on River Management, U. of Newcastle upon
Tyne.Sept. 1966.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Rain, Chemical anal-
ysis.
identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
The type of criteria or tests required to provide
satisfactory cleanliness for waterworks require-
ments are reviewed. The equalizing and purifying
effects of rain water storage have always been
recognized as beneficial, depending on many fac-
tors. If there is no storage, the setting of criteria is
simplified in that it is known that every peak of
river impurity must be handled effectively or else
abstraction stopped. Some caution is warranted
with toxic substances -nitrates, phosphates and
polyphosphates, excremental bacteria, organic
content and miscellaneous industrial pollution -
since storage can have a profound effect on the
concentration of some impurities. The need for suf-
ficiently sensitive and reproduceable analytical
procedures is discussed.
W69-01825
AQUIFER RECHARGING,
L. T. Hunziker.
Wat Sewage Works, Vol 111, pp 203-205,1964.
Descriptors: 'Groundwater recharge, 'Storm ru-
noff. Water pollution.
In a review of recharging of aquifers, various
methods are described including diffusion wells
and seepage lagoons using settled storm water. The
quality of the water for recharge, geological condi-
tions and the dangers of pollution are discussed
briefly.
W69-OI826
OIL-SEPARATOR TANKS FOR MOTORWAYS
IN THE RUHR VALLEY,
K.R.lmhoff.
GasWasserfach.Vol 108,pp43-45, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Runoff, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, Capacity, 'Oil pollu-
tion.
In connexion with the prevention of pollution by
oil, deposited on motorways by the increasing
number of oil tankers, and washed-off into the
receiving waters by rainfall, detailed studies were
carried out by the Ruhrverband on the Westhofer
motorway between Remscheid and Kamen. Oil-
separator tanks have been installed along sections
of the new motorway before the storm sewage en-
ters the receiving water to protect numerous water
works in the lower and middle Ruhr, which serve a
large community. Based on the specifications DIN
4040 and 4043 of the Ruhrverband, these tanks are
constructed for a surface loading of 12 m per hour
and a retention period of 10 min; the calculation of
the run-off is based on 100 litre per second per hec-
tare. The run-off values and time factor are ad-
justed to local conditions. Secccssful operational
results showed that 6 months after installation a 4-
cm deposit of sludge and I-2m (to the third power)
of sand had collected from each influent and these
were easily withdrawn by suction pumps. Tabu-
lated data are included and a map shows the areas
selected for present and future positions of separa-
tor tanks.
W69-OI827
PATHS OF POLLUTION IN NEW YORK HAR-
BOR-MODEL STUDY,
W. T. Ingram, and H. Mitwally.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 10 DD 156}
8l,Octl966.
Descriptors: 'Path of pollutants, 'Model studies,
•Water pollution, 'Storm runoff. Overflow, Estua-
ries.
Identifiers: New York (NY).
Extensive study utilized dye releases in model of
New York Harbor to trace paths followed by pollu-
tants discharged at particular points; influences of
installed jetties and dikes on pollution paths and
relationship between release concentrations at
source of pollution developed by individual tests
and those shown by simultaneous release from mul-
tiple sources were investigated; pollution sources
were wastewater treatment plants and stormwater
overflows; this type of study is useful in predicting
effects on pollution paths of changes in harbor con-
figuration and waste discharge before such changes
actually are made in prototype.
W69-01828
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS
SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
C. Frank Johnson.
Civ Eng, Vol 28, No 6,1958.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Overflow, Recrea-
tional facilities, 'Pumping, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Combined
sewere, 'Washington, D. C., 'Sewer separation.
Pollution from combined sewer overflows js
prohibiting the use of Potomac and Anacouia
Rivers and Rock Creek in Washington, D.C. for
many recreational uses. A $151,000,000 improve-
ment program is recommended, mostly for relief
sewers and pumping stations. Some of the intercep-
tors are so inadequate that they overflow even in
dry weather. The separation of all sewers was con-
sidered but concluded to be too costly. Alternate
plan is to construct large enough relief sewers that
overflows into Rock Creek will have a dilution fac-
tor of 200 and Upper Potomac 30 before overflow-
ing. This represents a storm of 2 year frequcncv
W69-01829
SLUDGE DEPOSITS IN STREAMS FROM
STORM WATER OUTLETS,
W. Kiefcr.
Neue Deliwa Z, Vol 3, p 71, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflows, 'Scwaae
sludge. Waste dilution. *^
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Storage tanks.
The author describes by means of an example a
method for estimating the effect of storm-water
overflows on sludge deposits in streams. From com-
parison of overflows of different types it appears
that overflows from combined sewerage systems
with five-fold dilution add, on a yearly average, less
load to the stream than separate systems. Use of
storm-water sedimentation tanks, the ideal solu-
tion, is not always possible. In general it is unneces-
sary for such tanks to have a retention period of
more than 10 min. The self-purifying power of the
stream must be taken into consideration
W69-01830
THE POLLUTION OF RUN-OFF FROM URBAN
HOUSING ESTATES, ^^
H. E. Kurzweil.
Gesundhcits-lng, Vol 85, 178, 1964.
Descriptors: Runoff, Rainfall-runoff relationship
•Rainfall intensity, 'Water quality, 'Biochemical
oxygen demand, 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Water oollu
tion. Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Storm sewers
32
-------
STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION—Field 07
ff^A on studies of rainfall and run-off in urban
areas, during storms of varying intensity, results are
«ven on the changes in the quality of water from
roofi) and paved areas, including data on S-day
B.OJX dissolved oxygen, and organic substances.
The discharge of this polluted water to the storm-
water sewer or sewerage system is discussed and
the author recommends preliminary treatment of
this run-off to reduce pollution.
W69-01831
CHEMICAL CONTROL Of WATER QUALITY
D4 A TIDAL BASIN,
M. Lane.
jWater Poll Control Fed, Vol 38, pp 1410-1418,
1966.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Intercepting sewers, Bergen Basin (N
Y).
Bergen basin, a small arm of Jamaica Bay, N.Y., is
a tidal basin with no surface-water tributaries, but it
receives discharges of storm sewage when the
capacity of the nearby Jamaica sewage works is ex-
ceeded during storms, and at times in hot weather
there has been slight odour nuisance. In 1963,
when alterations were being made to the sewage
works, all the plant effluent was discharged to the
basin for 2 weeks; at this time the influent sewage
was septic, having been stored in the intercepting
sewers for some months while the alterations were
in progress, and this caused severe pollution of the
basm with very strong evolution of hydrogen sul-
nhide. In an attempt to improve conditions, bulk
.odium nitrate was added to the basin to create
aerobic conditions in the bottom deposits and sodi-
um hypochlorite solution was also added to oxidize
die hydrogen sulphide in the water; these measures
Droved effective, and subsequently addition of
hvDccMorite was discontinued, but sodium nitrate
ySSbeing added to the basin.
W69-01832
EFFECT OF STORM OVERFLOWS ON RIVER
QUAUTY,
W F Lester.
Svnn> on Storm Sewage Overflows, May 4, 1967.
Sponsored by the Institution of Civil Engineers.
n—criDtors: *Water quality, 'Overflow, 'Storm
iwufflDischarge (Water), 'Water pollution.
Identifiers. 'Storage tanks.
H it assumed that the 'standard' storm sewage over-
flow in excess of 6 d.w.f. flows to a river which has
ante of flow of 1, 10, and 100 times d.w.f. of the
sewage. It is shown that the quality change with in-
crease in rate of flow will depend on the initial
duality of the stream. A table indicates the quality
ofriver water below storm overflows. Because the
^charges contain more carbohydrates and higher
onanic compounds than fully treated effluent
there n a greater tendency to form fungal growths
below overflows. The discharge of E. coli. content
increases. The concentrations of toxic materials
may be critical from sewers containing industrial
-Mtet Where rivers are used for direct abstraction
of water for potable supplies, overflows cause rapid
changes in quality. Fractured sewers can also cause
ablution of rivers. The discharges from 'standard'
stonntanks will have as much as 80% reduction in
noButional effects on rivers. Brief reports are made
on wnreys of the River Trent and Tame to deter-
nine the effect of storm discharges on these two
river*.
W69-OI833
MMLEMS IN THE CALCULATION OF
CTOKMWATER OVERFLOWS,
W I fntr
SitW«ierfach, Vol 29, pp 84-5.1958.
Descriptor!: *Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Water pol-
lution, 'Rainfall intensity, Design.
The author discusses, from personal experience
and from the literature, the amounts of rainfall for
which storm water overflows should be designed in
order to avoid pollution of the receiving stream.
Amounts between 6-10 liters/sec./ha are suggested,
varying according to the stream, the slope of the
land, and the condition of the sewerage system.
The figures must be tested by careful investigation.
Calculation of storm water overflows according to
amounts of rainfall is preferable to calculation by a
mixing ratio which may give a false impression of
the load of the stream.
W69-01834
THE STORM-SEWAGE POLLUTION
PROBLEM,
C. Lumb.
J Proc Inst Sew Purif, 1964, Pt 2, p 168,1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution, Design, Sewers, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer separation,
•Storage tanks.
The author discusses the polluting effects of storm-
sewage overflows from combined sewerage systems
and methods for reducing such pollution, including
the installation of separate sewerage systems, the
use of overflow settings higher than the conven-
tional 6 times dry-weather flow, improved design of
overflows, screening of storm sewage, and provi-
sion of storage facilities at overflows to receive the
first flush of the discharge and return it later to the
foul sewer. Pollution may also be caused by
discharges of partially treated storm sewage from
storm-sewage tanks at sewage works; this can be
reduced by increasing the flows to be given full
treatment and by improved design and operation of
storm-sewage tanks.
W69-01835
STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
Gordon E. McCallum, and Leo Weaver.
Interstate Conf on Water Problems, Dayton, Ohio,
Dec 10,19b59p, 12ref.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution.
Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Sewer separation. Storage tanks.
Inadequacies of combined sewage systems are
discussed. Pollution by storm water runoff is
described. Government grant projects aimed at
solving this problem are outlined. The costliness
and relative insufficiency of complete separation of
storm sewers from sanitary sewers is mentioned,
and the need for new alternative solutions (e.g.
holding tanks, treatment) emphasized.
W69-01836
ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS
OF OPERATING A METROPOLITAN SEWER
DISTRICT,
Metropolitan St Louis Sewer Dist, St Louis, Mo.
P. F. Mattel, and C. B. Kaiser.
Water Pollut Control Fed J, Vol 39, No 4, pp 501-
517, April 1967.
Descriptors: Watersheds, 'Storm runoff. 'Water
pollution control, 'Construction costs, Outlets,
Drainage systems. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage. 'Interceptor sewers,
•St. Louis (Mo).
The organization and financing of the 12 yr. old
Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District are
described. A watershed by watershed study was
made to determine the stormwater problem and
results have shown what the district needs but the
more than a hundred million dollar overall cost
necessitates a piecemeal approval, dealing with the
worst problems through subdistrict programs and
self-help programs. To relieve pollution of the Mis-
sissippi by sewage, construction of an interceptor
sewer picking up all of the wastewater outlets along
the river was begun as well as construction of two
large primary treatment plants. Problems and
possible solutions for financing the needed storm-
water facilities are discussed.
W69-OI837
THE MINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL SANITARY
DISTRICT - OPERATION AND EXPANSION,
K. L. Mick.
Water Pollut Control Fed J, Vol 39, No 10, pp
1684-1700, Oct 1967. 1 fig, 3 tab, 6 ref.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, Grants, 'Over-
flow, Construction costs. Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Combined sewers, Minneapolis-St. Paul (Minn).
Results of a 1956-60 study of the Minneapolis-St.
Paul Sanitary District called for central treatment
of wastewater at the existing plant, plant expansion.
and interceptor sewer construction. Estimated
costs are given. Expansion of the existing primary
plant is discussed. A study on the combined sanita-
ry and storm sewer problem was also included. The
study recommended that a system of power-
operated gates be installed on 15 key regulators,
with gate positions and levels in major sewers
telemetered to a central control point. These 15
diversion points accounted for about 80 percent of
the overflow to the river in 1960. In 1966 the Dis-
trict received a Federal demonstration grant offer
of 50 percent for a sewer regulator project esti-
mated to cost $1,741,500. This work will include
an evaluation of the effect on river conditions. A
supervisory control system will promote maximum
utilization of the interceptor sewer and treatment
facilities, taking into account rainfall distribution in
the area and other factors. It will provide a new
technique of instantaneous observation and control
of interceptor system performance to minimize
overflows to the river.
W69-OI838
OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWERS IN
WASHINGTON, DC,
G. J. Moorehead.
JWaterPollComrolFed,Vol33,7ll, 1961.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff. Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer separation,
'Washington, D.C., Potomac River.
The older pan of Washington, D.C. is served by a
combined sewerage system which discharges a mix-
ture of sanitary sewage and storm water into local
streams and the Potomac river during each nominal
rainfall, while overflows of sanitary sewage some-
times occur during hot dry weather. After a review
of the development of the sewerage system, the
author outlines a study which was carried out
recently to determine the percentage of sanitary
sewage flow which is discharged through storm-
water overflows. As a result of the study it is
planned to provide some separation of sanitary and
storm-water sewers, with the majority of the exist-
ing storm-water overflows on the combined system
remaining in limited acceptable service. This is ex-
pected to reduce the amount of sanitary sewage
discharging to the watercourses in the area from
3.3 percent to 0.4 percent of the total flow.
W69-01839
SEWAGE LOAD OF RECEIVING STREAMS
FROM MIXED SEWERS,
H. H. Mueller.
Gas-Wasscrfach, Vol 109,No6,pp 143-147, 1968.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution. Sewage treatment.
'Storm runoff, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Storage tanks.
•Capacity. 'Combined sewers.
Investigations into the determination of the amount
of impurities which are annually introduced, under
specific combinations of control measures, into
receiving streams arc described. Fundamental
theories and assumptions arc presented, followi-1
33
-------
Field 07—STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION
by the corresponding calculations. The balance of
impurities shows that the introduction of rainwater
settling tanks into the treatment considerably in-
creases the efficiency which also depends on the
chosen critical rainfall and the size of the tanks.
The (1-V4 )Q sub s infeed to the sewage plant results
in favorable efficiency only for small critical rain-
falls and small tanks. Larger tanks are best used
when the (1+1 )Q sub s infeed to the plant is ob-
served. In size determinations, consideration
should preferably be given to a critical rainfall of
10 to IS 1/s.ha. Rainwater hold-up time in the set-
tling tanks should be at least 10 minutes. However,
if it is possible to install a large collecting main with
a high threshold for the rainwater overflow, an
equivalent effect would be obtained with a hold-up
time of about 3 minutes for the maximum infeed.
W69-01840
DISCHARGE OF RAIN WATER FROM URBAN
SEWERS INTO STREAMS,
M. Negulcscu, and I. Rabinovici.
Hidrotehnica, Vol 9, pp 205-209,1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
Discharge (Water), 'Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Combined sewers,
'Storage tanks.
It is indicated that rain water discharged from com-
bined or separate sewers in urban areas can have as
great or even double the polluting effect of
domestic sewage and can damage the receiving
stream particularly if the areas are industrial.
Storage reservoirs along the sewerage system or as
part of the treatment plant are suggested as a
means of protecting streams.
W69-0184I
ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DIS-
TRIBUTION IN EAST RIVER,
D. J. O'Connor.
Water Poll Control Fed J, Vol 38, No 11, pp 1813-
30,Nov 1966.
Descriptors: 'Water quality, 'Storm runoff, 'Over-
flow, 'Dissolved oxygen. Biochemical oxygen de-
mand.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, East River (NY).
Analysis of water quality in East River, New York,
by mathematical model consisting of linear dif-
ferential equations produced results agreeing
generally with observation of actual conditions;
storm overflows and sludge deposits appear to have
significant effects; spatial profile of DO is directly
related to wastewater discharges and temporal dis-
tribution is established primarily by temperature
distribution during summer; future work will
require more accurate measurements of sludge
deposits, storm overflows, nitrogenous, and car-
bonaceous BOD components, exchange and
dispersion coefficients, and other parameters.
W69-01842
THE POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF STORM
WATER OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED
SEWERS,
C. L. Palmer.
Sewage and Industrial Wastes, Vol 22, pp 1S4-6S,
1950.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
•Overflow, Rainfall intensity, Water pollution con-
trol.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Capacity, 'Inter-
ceptor sewers.
The author discusses the effects of pollution caused
by overflowing of storm water from a combined
sewer system. The characteristics of low intensity
storms in the Detroit area were first studied and the
results shown in graphs. It was found that runoff did
not occur unless precipitation was greater than
0.03 in/hr and storm water would not overflow un-
less precipitation was more than 0.03 in/hr. plus the
capacity of the sewers for storm water. It was found
that intercepting sewers are most effective in
preventing overflow when they have a capacity of
150% of the sewage flow, and no satisfactory
reduction in number of duration of overflows is
achieved by increasing the capacity to any reasona-
ble extent. The quality of the overflowing liquid va-
ries considerably and would be highly polluting
even from a separate system, the cost of which is
not commensurate with the reduction in pollution
which it would effect. A properly designed com-
bined sewerage system should be about 99% effec-
tive in preventing pollution by storm water over-
flows.
W69-01843
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS AND RIVER POLLU-
TION,
J. A. Pickford.
J Royal Soc Health, Vol 87, No 1, pp 36-42, Jan-
Feb,1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Discharge
(Water), 'Rainfall intensity, *Storm runoff, 'Over-
flow, Sewers, Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
'Sewer separation, 'Capacity.
The effect of discharge of combined, separate, or
partially separate sewer systems on river pollution
is discussed. Factors affecting the quantity of storm
sewage are rainfall and run-off, overflow devices,
and the storage capacity of sewers. Several over-
flow devices are discussed. It is suggested that the
increase of treatment plant capacity, the provision
of larger sewers, and the provision of selective
types of overflow are likely to cost much less than
the provision of completely separate systems, and
that pollution can be more effectively controlled by
these methods.
W69-01844
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
H. W. Poston.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 12, pp 40-43, Dec 1967.
Descriptors: Sewage treatment, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution control, 'Flow measurement. Storm ru-
noff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Interceptor
sewers, 'Storage tanks, 'Chicago (111), 'Lake
Michigan.
As a result of an enforcement conference called by
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion, Indiana communities whose wastes dump into
Lake Michigan have already added secondary
treatment facilities; detention facilities and com-
bined sanitary-storm sewers are to be built to
prevent overflow. Chicago is attempting to solve
this problem by retaining storm water overflows in
underground interceptor sewers of large diameter
250 ft. deep, where the water can be stored for fu-
ture treatment. Milwaukee is establishing auto-
matic monitors along the Milwaukee River to mea-
sure the average yearly flows and peak flows of the
sewer system as affected by rainfall in an attempt to
locate critical points where control facilities should
be installed. In addition, a 3.8 million gallon un-
derground detention tank will be constructed to
trap storm overflows, which will be retained for
subsequent treatment.
W69-OI845
MERRIMACK RIVER POLLUTION ABATE-
MENT STUDY,
P. W. Prendiville.
Boston SocCiv Engrs, Vol 51, pp316-328,1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution control. Sewage treatment. Sewage
lagoons. Estuaries.
Identifiers: Merrimac River (Mass).
In view of the increasing pollution of the Mer-
rimack River, which is formed in New Hampshire
by the confluence of the Pemigewasset and Win-
nipesaukee Rivers and flows through Mas-
sachusetts to the Atlantic Ocean, surveys have
been carried put to determine the present condi-
tion of the river and the degree of treatment
required for sewage and trade waste waters
discharged to it. The results of the investigations on
the extent of organic and bacterial pollution and
the polluting effects of overflows of mixed sewage
and storm water are discussed briefly. Various jJ
ternative plans for sewage treatment have been
considered, and it was recommended that the in-
dividual communities and metropolitan regions
should be responsible for constructing the necessa-
ry sewage-treatment facilities; these would include
extended-aeration plants, primary treatment
plants, and sewage lagoons. An industrial survey
showed that all the trade waste waters in the area
can be treated in the municipal plants, after
preliminary treatment at the source in some ca
W69-01846 ^
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE
ESTUARY,
C. A. Rambow.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 36, n
1964.
Descriptors: 'Estuaries, Surface runoff, 'Flood
control, 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Path of pollutants.
Outlets, 'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: *Los Angeles (Calif).
Dominguez channel is a natural watercourse carry
ing surface run-off and waste discharges from an
area south-west of Los Angeles into the east basin
of Los Angeles Harbour. During heavy rainstorms!
flooding occurs, and the lower portion of the chan-
nel is now being improved to control this The
design is such that the invert will be below mean
sea level for a distance upstream of more than 8
miles, and the finished channel will therefore con
stitute a tidal estuary. At present, the waste waters
discharged to the channel are too strong for
biochemical action to occur, but when diluted with
a large volume of sea water it is possible that
biochemical degradation will occur in the channel
with depletion of dissolved oxygen and formation
of odours. Theoretical analysis was, therefore, used
to estimate the waste-assimilating capacity ofth*
improved channel; this involved calculation of the
spread of pollutants from the various outfalls esM
mation of the oxygen resources of the channel and
comparison of oxygen demand with ox'yoen
resources to determine the most critical point of
the channel. By equating B.O.D. to oxygen supolv
at this point, an oxygen sag curve for the channel
was obtained for the calculated B.O.D. loadings'
this curve can be used as the basis for siting future
outfalls and for determining the allowabJ
discharge of B.O.D. by various industries.
W69-01847
EVALUATION OF DISPERSED POLLUTIONAL
f
G. W. Reid, and J. Cleveland.
ASCE Environ Eng Conf-Prcprint 422, Feb 6-9
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Land use *Wn>~
quality, 'Runoff. Water
Identifiers: 'Calculations, 'Urban drainage Tul«.
(Okla). 5 ' UK*
Experimental technique proposed is to determine
quality of storm water from individual drainae^
basins that make up urban Tulsa City-Countv
Oklahoma, and by using component analysis
technique, evaluate effects of land use practice/^
quality of runoff; stream is sampled twice month!,!
during dry weather flow, and several times durin
storm runoffperiod; 'dry' streams are sampled iiS?
during runoff period; it is estimated that at least i
or possibly 2 yr of data will be needed to male
representative estimation of true quality and auan
tity of runoff; principal components of many vari="
bles will be estimated by component
34
-------
STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION—Field 07
technique; knowing principal component regres-
sion analysis can be used to determine best model
and predictive equation.
W69-01848
EUTROPHICATION OF ESTUARINE AREAS
BV RAIN WATER,
R J. Reimold, and F. C. Daiber.
Chesapeake Sci, Vol 8, pp 132-133,1967.
Descriptors: 'Chemical analysis, Rain, Storm ru-
noff 'Estuaries, *Eutrophication, Water quality.
Identifiers: 'Atlantic Coast (United States).
Tabulated and graphical results are given of
analyses of total phosphorus in rain water at Lewes,
Del., from February 1966 to January 1967; the
mean concentrations, per litre, were 4.9 micro-
gram-atom in winter and spring, 150 microgram-
atom in summer, and 8.1 microgram-atom in au-
tumn and winter. Possible causes of the sudden in-
crease after April are discussed, and it is suggested
that this is the reason for the unusual phosphorus
cycles found in bay waters and marshes along the
east coast of U.S.A., providing an extra source of
nutrient during spring and summer when produc-
tivity tends to be higher.
W69-01849
HOW COMBINED SEWERS AFFECT WATER
POLLUTION. PT 1,
Harold Romer, and Lester Klashman.
Pub Works, Vol 94, p 100, March 1963.
Descriptors: *Water pollution. Sewage treatment,
•Design, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Urban drainage,
Capacity.
This article on studies of pollution of combined
sewers discusses results of a questionnaire survey of
148 cities, 80 of which replied (50,000-2,100,000
population). The 11 questions deal with charac-
teristics of combined sewage, combined sewer and
treatment plant capacities and design, combined
sewage treatment practices, and effects of com-
bined sewage discharges on quality of receiving
waters.
W69-01850
HOW COMBINED SEWERS AFFECT WATER
POLLUTION. PT 2,
Harold Romer, and Lester M. Klashman.
Pub Works, Vol 94, p 88, April 1963.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'United States,
•Great Britain.
This concluding report on the pollution problems
created by combined sewer discharges to water-
ways during overload periods, cites results of
specific studies in the United States and England.
W69-0185I
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEWERS ON
POLLUTION CONTROL,
H Romer, and L. M. Klashman.
Pub Works, Vol 92, No 10, p 129,1961.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Overflow, Design,
Surface runoff, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Suspended solids,
•United States, 'Great Britain, 'Storage tanks.
In discussing the polluting effects of overflows from
combined sewers, the authors review American
and British practice concerning the use of storm-
water tanks and summarize British recommenda-
tions for the design and operation of combined
sewerage systems. Data are given to illustrate the
effect of storms on the concentration of supsended
solids in storm-water sewage, and the results of stu-
dies on quality of surface run-off are reviewed. The
uw of storm-water tanks in America is being recon-
sidered.
W69-01852
THE PERMISSIBLE DILUTION AT STORM
WATER OUTLETS,
W. Scharfe.
Wasserw-WassTechn, Vol 5, p 243,1955.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Outlets,
Construction, Water pollution.
Identifiers: 'Dilution, Storage tanks.
The author points out that a dilution ratio for storm
water overflows of 1:7 may not in all circumstances
afford protection to the stream. Local rainfall, by
stirring up deposits, may result in the discharge of a
liquid more concentrated than normal sewage. Spe-
cial attention must be paid to the construction of
the outlets and to the provision of retention tanks.
Increasing the ratio would give sewers of
uneconomic size.
W69-01853
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HIGHWAYS,
M. E. Scheldt.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng. Div, Vol 93, No SA 5, Pap
No 5509, pp 17-25, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Highways, 'Water pollution, Con-
struction, 'Surface runoff.
The author discusses the various polluting effects
of highways on the natural environment. The
greatest source of pollution is erosion during con-
struction of the highway, which can cause con-
siderable damage downstream, and measures to
control such erosion are required during the con-
struction of federal and federal-aided highways.
Other sources of pollution are chemicals used to
melt ice and snow and to control roadside vegeta-
tion, spills from vehicles involved in accidents, and
run-oft from paved areas.
W69-01854
POLLUTION OF STORM RUNOFF IN THE
DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LARGE TOWNS,
G. Schigorin.
Vodosn Sanit Tech, Vol 2, pp 19-20, 1956.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff.
Rainfall intensity, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
•Storm drainage, 'Cities.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Leningrad (Russia),
'Suspended solids.
The author describes investigations into the condi-
tion of storm water flowing from the street drainage
system of a district of Leningrad. The effect of rain-
fall of various duration and intensity on different
types of streets is discussed and a table of max-
imum, minimum, and mean values for contents of
suspended and volatile matter, oxygen demand,
BOD in 5 and 20 days is given.
W69-02209
POLLUTION OF CITY SURFACE RUN-OFF
WATER,
G. G. Schigorin.
Vodosn Sanit Tekh, No 2, pp 19-20, 1956.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff, 'Ci-
ties, Rainfall intensity, 'Storm drainage.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers. Suspended solids, 'Rus-
sia, Urban drainage.
To study the polluting effect of run-off from paved
areas, samples of storm water collected from the
separate storm-water sewers in Vasilcostrovsk,
U.S.S.R., and of water from street rain receivers
after paved streets had been washed with automatic
sprinklers, were analysed; the results arc tabulated.
Marked fluctuations in the concentrations of
suspended solids arc attributed to the differing
degrees of dirtiness of different streets. Heavy rain
did not appear to reduce the polluting effect of
later run-off, probably because pollution intensities
ut the points of origin (road sweepings, products of
breakdown of pavements, and air-borne contami-
nants) were relatively constant. Surface run-off
from cobbled streets with comparatively light traf-
fic was much less polluting than run-off from
asphalt-paved streets with heavy traffic. The need
for preliminary treatment of such run-off to reduce
pollution of the receiving streams is stressed.
W69-02210
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF
SEWAGE-STORM WATER MIXTURES,
Walter G.Shifrin.
U of Missouri Bull, Eng Series Bull No 47, Vol 61,
No8,pp8-12,Febl2, 1960.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Water pol-
lution control.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers. Calculations. 'In-
terceptor sewers, 'Capacity, 'St. Louis (Mo.).
Since it is not economically feasible to intercept
and treat all of sewage-storm water runoff mixture,
the study reports on determination of proper inter-
ception factor. Average daily sewage flow was con-
verted to an equivalent rainfall of 0.007 in/hr/acre
for the area drained by combined sewers. Peak
sewage rate was taken as 136% of average or
0.0095 in/hr/acre. Graphs and charts show the
author's derivation of number of hours per year
sewage would be bypassed. Author's conclusions
based on specific case of St. Louis with overflows
going to Mississippi River are that selection of in-
terceptor capacities in excess of peak dry weather
flow rate will produce an insignificantly small in-
crease in the effectiveness of pollution abatement
at a significant increase in the initial cost of the
facilities.
W69-0221I
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF
SEWAGE-STORM WATER MIXTURES,
W. G. Shifrin, and W. W. Homer.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 33, p 650,1961.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage
treatment. Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'St. Louis (Mo.), 'Combined sewers,
•Interceptor sewers. Dilution, 'Capacity, Urban
drainage.
To reduce pollution of the Missouri and Mississippi
Rivers in the St. Louis metropolitan area. Mo., it is
planned to provide primary treatment of sewage.
Most of the sewerage systems in the area are of the
combined type, and the authors describe the
method used to determine the amount of the mix-
ture of sewage and storm water which should be in-
tercepted for treatment. As the Mississippi River
provides considerable dilution and is not used for
recreation nor as a source of water supply for some
considerable distance below St. Louis, it is con-
cluded that it is unnecessary to provide interceptor
capacities in excess of the peak dry weather flow.
W69-02212
SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN THE REGION OF THE
LOWER LAKE THUN,
W. Spring.
Gas Wasserfach, Vol 104, pp 1397-1398. 1963.
Descriptors: Pumping, 'Storm runoff. 'Overflow.
•Water pollution.
Attempts to maintain the purity of Lake Thun.
Switzerland, have resulted in communal sewage
disposal. Owing to the geological position of the
lake the sewage flows without pumping to the lower
region, where it reaches the pumping station at
Durrcnast and is then pumped into the treatment
plant at Uctcndorf, near the Aare. Additional
pumping stations arc planned for Gwatt. Einigen,
Spicz and Faulcnscc, and special reference is made
to the problems of planning sewage works for the
future, in which the population index should be
considered. The author also discusses the effect of
storm-sewage overflows on receiving waters.
W69-02213
35
-------
Field 07—STORMWATER - QUANTITY, QUALITY AND POLLUTION
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
R. B. Stegmaier.
Sewage Works J.Vol 14,p 1264,1942.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Flow mea-
surement.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Baltimore (Md.),
•Suspended solids.
Studies were made of the storm water discharged
from a combined sewer in Baltimore, Md., during
six storms. The maximum amounts of volatile solids
and of total solids occurred at the maximum rate of
tow.
W69-02214
THE EFFECT OF FRESH-WATER RUN-OFF ON
I POPULATION OF ESTU/UUNE
•OLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS,
k. N. Stone, and D. J. Reish.
Jull So Calif Acad Sci, Vol 64, pp 111-119,1965.
Descriptors: 'Estuaries, 'Storm runoff, Water pol-
lution, 'Bioindicators.
Identifiers: California.
Studies were carried out over a period of 15
months on the effect of run-off from rainfall on 3
species of estuarine polychaetes in Southern
California. It was found that the worms were killed
or reduced in numbers by rainfall in excess of 0.5
inch, but repopulation by larvae of the same spe-
cies occurred rapidly.
W69-02215
EFFECTS ON WINTER STORM RUNOFF ON
VEGETATION AND AS A FACTOR IN STREAM
POLLUTION,
Richard H. Sullivan.
1th Annual Snow Conf, Milwaukee, Wis, April 12,
1967 6 p.
Descriptors: 'Chemical analysis, 'Storm runoff,
'Highways.
A determination of chloride content of storm water
discharge from a section of the Kennedy Express-
way in Chicago during the winter of 1966-7 was
carried out. Methods and results are given. Salt
from snow clearing operations can cause occas-
sional high salt concentrations. Results of tests on
storm water from an area in which Cargill's Car-
guard was used as a corrosion inhibitor are given.
Other studies on the effect of chlorides on vegeta-
tion are discussed.
W69-02216
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
Robert O. Sylvester, and George C. Anderson.
ASCE Proc, J of Sanit Eng Div, Vol 90. No SAI,
Pit,Feb 1964.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Recreation facili-
ties, 'Runoff, Nutrients, Deterioration, 'Storm ru-
noff.
Identifiers: Dilution, 'Urban drainage, Bacteriolog-
ical sampling.
Green Lake in Seattle, Wash., was studied to find
the causes underlying its heavy algae blooms and
alleged condition of pollution so that its recrea-
tional potential might be realized. Data were ob-
tained on urban runoff, lake shore runoff, subsur-
face inflow, algae populations, waterfowl, composi-
tion of sediments, effect of wind-induced currents
on water quality, and requirements of competing
recreational water uses. Water and nutrient
budgets are presented. Nutrient additions sustain
heavy algae blooms throughout most of the year,
and little can be done to reduce these additions.
Bacterial contamination is directly related to
waterfowl populations. Changes in physical and
chemical water quality are caused largely by algal
growth and decay. Recommendations are given for
the addition of low-nutrient city water for dilution
purposes, for dredging, and for shoreline improve-
ments. It is recommended that increased quantities
of storm water not be added.
W69-02217
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OF
INDICATOR BACTERIA IN SOIL AND THEIR
CONTRIBUTION TO STORM-WATER POLLU-
TION,
Dale J. Van Donsel. Edwin E. Geldreich, and
Norman A. Clark.
Appl Microbiol, pp 1362-1370,Nov 1967. 4fig, 27
ref.
Descriptors: 'Bioindicators, 'Storm runoff,
•Water pollution, 'Coliforms.
Identifiers: 'Bacteriological sampling.
Survival of a fecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and a
fecal streptococcus (Streptococcus faecalis var.
liquifaciens) was studied through several years at
shaded and exposed outdoor soil plots. Death rates
for both organisms were calculated for the different
seasons at both sites. The 90% reduction times for
the fecal coliform ranged from 3.3 days in summer
to 13.4 days in autumn. For the fecal streptococ-
cus, 90% reduction times were from 2.7 days in
summer to 20.1 days in winter. During summer, the
fecal coliform survived slightly longer than the
fecal streptococcus; during autumn, survival was
the same; and in spring and winter the fecal
streptococcus survived much longer than the fecal
coliform. Both organisms were isolated from storm-
water runoff collected below a sampling site when
counts were sufficiently high in soil. Isolation was
more frequent during prolonged rains, lasting up to
10 days, than during short rain storms. There was
evidence of aftergrowth of nonfecal cpliforms in
the soil as a result of temperature and rainfall varia-
tions. Such aftergrowth may contribute to varia-
tions in bacterial count of storm-water runoff
which have no relation to the sanitary history of the
drainage area.
W69-02218
A STUDY OF LAKE MICHIGAN: CHEMICAL,
BIOLOGICAL, AND PHYSICAL,
J. L. Verber.
Verh Int Verein Theor Angew Limnol, 1965, Vol
16, pp 29-46,1966.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Overflow,
•Storm runoff, Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: Oil pollution, 'Lake Michigan.
Comprehensive investigations were made to deter-
mine the present water quality in Lake Michigan
and make recommendations for its preservation;
some of the physico-chemical, bacteriological, and
biological results are presented in tables and dia-
grams and discussed. Sufficient vertical mixing oc-
curs during spring and autumn to distribute the
chemical constituents uniformly throughout the
water column. It is concluded that the lake is still
oligotrophic but precautions must be taken to
reduce the build-up of phosphates and nitrates in
certain areas where municipal and trade waste
waters are discharged, particularly in the southern
basin where there appears to be a large semiper-
manent clockwise gyral which tends to prevent
dispersal of nutrients from the basin into the rest of
the lake; chemical and biological differences
between the northern and southern basins also in-
dicate that horizontal mixing is very slow. The zone
of poor-quality water along the coast near waste
outfalls varies in width depending on the
meteorological conditions. Preliminary action has
been taken to reduce pollution, especially that
caused by storm-sewage overflows and by oily,
phenolic, and other trade waste waters.
W69-022I9
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DEGREES OF
DILUTION IN THE SEWERS AT THE STORM
WATER OUTLET, AND IN THE RECEIVING
STREAM.
F. Vomberg.
Gesundheits-lng. Vol 74, pp 227-9,1953.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow,
Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, Dilution.
The author discusses the calculations required in
the design of storm water overflows and in the
determination of their effect on the receiving
stream. *
W69-02220
STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A MAJOR
POLLUTION SOURCE, —~-«.
K. H. Walker.
Wastes Eng, Vol 33, No 8, Aug. 1962.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Water
pollution.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Boston (Mass)
New York (NY).
This editorial stresses the need for further study
and data to aid in solving the problem of storm
sewage overflow. 1946 studies using Boston rainfall
records show that sewage systems designed to han-
dle 2 to 3 times average dwf would overflow 5-4>
days/mo. The study also showed that with rainfalls
of 0.20 inches/hr., nearly 90% of sanitary sewage
would be discharged untreated. A New York City
study showed that 60 to 80% of the raw sewage
flowing through combined systems is discharged
into the receiving waters once or twice a week
W69-02221
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOR IN
EUTROPHICATION,
Federal Water Pollution Control Admin., Cincin-
nati.
S. R. Weibel.
Preprint, July 1967.
Descriptors: 'Eutrophication, 'Storm runoff
•Overflow, Water pollution, Nutrients, Sewers!
Sewage treatment, Grants.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Urban drainage.
Stormwater runoff and combined sewer overflows
as sources of water pollution, including nutrient
contributions are discussed. Maps show future ur-
banization patterns and present distribution of
states and their communities served by combined
sewer systems. Tables showing average concentra-
tions and computed annual amounts of con-
stituents, including nutrients, produced per square
mile by the several sources such as rainfall, com-
munity sewage, urban stormwater runoff and com-
bined sewer overflows, are presented. These in-
dicate that all are significantly concentrated in
some respect as to warrant consideration in an.
praising sources of pollution, particularly nutrients'
In terms of relative production of nutrients per unit
of area, community sewage heads the group, fo|.
lowed in order of decreasing unit production bv
combined sewer overflow, storm water runoff from
a residential-commercial area and rainfall. Urban
stormwater runoff as a water resource is discussed
Comments on studies and practices representing
the variety of efforts to control pollution from
storm water runoff or combined sewer overflows
are presented. Treatment of extraneous flow* h,
sanitary sewers is also included. Government
research contract and demonstration gram pro-
grams to provide assistance to qualified workers in-
terested in contributing to methods for control of
storm and combined sewer sources of pollution Kn.
outlined. ^
W69-02222
URBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN
STREAM POLLUTION, ^ W
S. R. Weibel, R. J. Anderson, and R. L. Woodw-rrf
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 36, pp 914-924
1964.
PP 914-924,
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff
•Biochemical oxygen demand. 'Turbidity, Chemi
cal analysis, 'Pathogenic bacteria, 'Coliforms.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage. 'Suspended
Surface permeability.
36
-------
SURVEYS, POLICIES, AND LEGISLATION—Field 08
After reviewing briefly the work of other investiga-
te!* on the composition and strength of run-off
from urban areas, the authors describe a study car-
ried out in part of Cincinnati, where about 37 per
cent of the total drainage area is impermeable, the
remainder being lawns, parks and gardens. The
run-off had an average B.O.D. of 19 mg per litre, a
chemical oxygen demand of 99 mg per litre, a
suspended-solids content of 210 mg per litre, a tur-
bidity of 170 units and a colour of 81 units. The
run-off was also found to contain organic chlorides,
which could be derived from pesticides, and large
numbers of bacteria, although faecal streptococci
exceeded faecal colifortn organisms, indicating
predominantly non-human pollution. The highest
concentrations of all contaminants occurred within
the first 15 nan of the start of run-off. These results
confirm that run-off should be taken into con-
sideration when estimating waste loadings from
urban sources, and the authors stress the need for
further studies to estimate the strength of run-off
under various conditions.
W69-02223
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT AND
DISPOSAL OF URBAN STORM WATER,
S. R. Weibel, R. B. Weidner, and A. G.
Christiansen.
Proc 3rd Int Conf Water Poll Res, Munich, 1966,
Votl.pp329-352,1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
•Chemical analysis. Rain, *Coliforms, Recreation
facilities, 'Sewage treatment, Chlorination,
•Biochemical oxygen demand. Sedimentation,
•Groundwater recharge.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Suspended solids,
Long Island (NY).
The authors give further results of studies at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, on the polluting effect of run-off
from urban areas, including investigations of the
chemical composition of the rain falling on the
itudy area. The rain water was found to contain, on
average, 0.69 mg of inorganic nitrogen and 0.24 mg
of hydrolysable phosphate, per litre; these concen-
trations exceed the threshold values found by other
workers for the development of algal blooms. The
rain water also contained about 0.28 microgram of
organic chlorine compounds per litre; DDT, DDE,
and benzene hexachloride were identified.
Analyses of the run-off, as reported previously,
showed its pollution potential, and the concentra-
tions of coliform organisms exceeded the criterion
of 1000 per 100 ml recommended for bathing
waters. Preliminary laboratory experiments on
treatment of the run-off showed that sedimentation
alone was not effective in reducing the BOD and
suspended-solids content. Sedimentation for 20
min combined with chlorination at a dose of 4.62
mg of chlorine per litre killed more than 99 per
cent of the bacteria; when the supernatant liquor
was dechlorinated, however, and kept at room tem-
perature for 24-72 hours, there was aftergrowth of
coliform organisms, though not of faecal coliform
bacteria or faecal streptococci. This work is still
being continued. On Long Island, N. Y., storm run-
off « being disposed of successfully by infiltration
through the sandy sub-soil to recharge the ground-
water resources in the area
W69-02224
PESTICIDES AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS IN
•AINFALL AND RUNOFF,
S. R Weibel, R. B. Weidner, and J. M. Cohen.
AWWA J, Vol 58, No 8, pp 1075-84, Aug 1966.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Sampling, 'Water pol-
lution. Data collections.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage
DMa on rainwater and rural runoff and updated
statistics on urban runoff are presented; rainfall
sampling was done in connection with urban storm-
water-runoff studies, by Cincinnati Water Research
Laboratory, results of rainfall analyses on pesti-
cides are discussed; subsequent to collection and
analysis of rainfall samples reported, it was found
that some materials adhered to stainless steel trays;
these materials can be removed by scrubbing with
nonphosphate soap and solvent.
W69-02225
THE QUALITY OF RAINFALL RUN-OFF
WATER FROM A HOUSING ESTATE,
R. Wilkinson.
J Inst Pub Health Engr.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Rainfall intensity. Water
pollution, Overflow, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Urban drainage.
Housing estate of 611 acres, housing density of 5 to
6 houses per acre, est. population of 12,500,
separate sewage system with storm system designed
on 3/4 in/hr and impervious area of .4. Rain in-
cluded 131 storms over year period with greatest
rain 0.84 in/24 hr. period and most rains of small
intensity. Statement made that first flush more pol-
luting than rest of storm, but that certain storms
continued stronger than some of the first flushes of
other storms. Catchment basin washed clean by
first flow of water.
W69-02226
EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION ON FLUVIAL
SEDIMENT, URBAN AND SURBURBAN AREAS
OF MARYLAND,
M. G. Wolman, and A. P. Schick.
WaterResourRes, Vol 3,pp451-464, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
'Sedimentation, Estuaries, 'Recreational facilities.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
The problem of sediment pollution by run-off from
building sites in Maryland is discussed. Sediment
yields ranging from 140,000 tons per square mile
per year on an open construction site to 1060 tons
in an urban area with some development were
found. The quantity of sediment from areas under
construction is 2-200 times as great as that derived
from comparable rural or wooded areas. Details of
changes in the stream bed of Oregon Branch
caused by sediment from a construction site are
given and compared with an unpolluted reach of
the stream. Costs arising from sediment pollution
of reservoirs, estuaries and channels arc discussed
and the loss of recreational facilities is mentioned.
Measures to control sediment pollution arc sug-
gested.
W69-02227
08. SURVEYS, POLICIES, AND
LEGISLATION
CHICAGO ACTS TO ATTACK COMBINED
SEWER PROBLEM.
Civ Eng, Vol 38, No 8, p 99, Aug 1968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Standards, 'Manholes,
'Storm drainage.
Identifiers: 'Chicago (III.), 'Combined sewers,
'Residential sewers, 'Urban drainage. Capacity.
The Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District is
planning separate facilities for storm runoff. In the
meantime, it has issued an ordinance setting an in-
terim policy for the issuance of permits within a
300-mile area now being served by combined
sewers. Provisions of this new ordinance include:
only one building drain is required to carry both
building wastes and storm water runoff to the com-
bined sewer but municipalities may require
separate drains; industries must provide separate
services to the control manhole for storm water and
industrial wastes; on-site storm facilities for the at-
tenuation of peak flows will be given consideration,
but the final determination will be made by the
local municipality: and in new construction,
downspouting and surface drains to sewers arc
prohibited unless storm-water capacity has been
provided or unless such drainage flows through de-
tention and/or regulating devices.
W69-01512
200 POLLUTERS GET THE WORD EARLY.
Eng News - Record, p !2,Feb 1. 1968.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Urban drainage.
'Sewer separation. Lake Michigan.
Included in a recent list of FWPCA recommenda-
tions on pollution in Lake Michigan is a statement
that combined sewers be prohibited in all new
urban areas and separated in all urban reconstruc-
tion projects. The recommendations call for the
elimination of pollution from combined sewers in
55 cities by 1977.
W69-01513
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF 1966 ON
WASTE WATER AND WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39, pp 689-749,867-
945, and 1049-1154.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Sewage treatment. 'Storm runoff. Estua-
ries, Standards, Legislation.
In a review of literature published during 1966 on
waste treatment and pollution control, subjects
dealt with include methods of analysis (including
automated chemical techniques); physical and
chemical methods of sewage treatment; biological
filtration; the activated-sludge process; disinfection
of sewage; effects of synthetic detergents on
sewage treatment and aquatic organisms:
biodegradation of detergents; digestion, treatment,
and utilization of sludge; recovery and re-use of
sewage and trade waste waters as water supplies;
design of sewerage systems and treatment of storm
sewage; composting of garbage; treatment of
specific types of trade waste waters; treatment.
disposal, and polluting effects of radioactive waste
waters; biological surveys of polluted waters: pol-
luting effects of sewage and trade waste waters;
toxic effects of metals, pesticides, and weedkillers;
effects of thermal pollution; effects of pollution on
the physiology of fish; bio-assay techniques:
estuarinc and marine pollution; microbiology of
polluted waters; oxygen sag and self-purification;
quality standards for streams; effects of pollution
on water supplies; pollution of ground water:
eutrophicution of natural waters; use of systems
analysis in managing water resources; and legisla-
tion controlling pollution.
W69-015I4
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, FOR THE YEAR
ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1963.
Water Research Association.
44p.
Descriptors: 'Coliforms, Chemical analysis. Tur-
bidity, 'Computer programs, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships. Groundwater recharge, 'Instrumenta-
tion. Rain gages, 'Sewer hydraulics. Pipes.
Identifiers: 'Leak detection.
This report on the work of the Water Research As-
sociation contains individual sections on biology
(development of synthetic media for use in the
coliform test and methods for controlling algae);
chemistry (coagulation of water, dcwatering of
water-works sludge, and methods for the deter-
mination of free and combined chlorine, turbidity.
chemical oxygen demand (to avoid interference by
chlorine) and traces of organic chemicals, pesti-
cides, and herbicides); hydrology (particularly the
use of an analogue computer to solve problems
connected with the relations between rainfall, run-
37
-------
Field 08—SURVEYS, POLICIES, AND LEGISLATION
off, and evaporation, estimation of evaporation
from catchment areas, and abstraction and artifi-
cial recharge of ground water, and development of
instruments for measuring rainfall and stream
flow); physics (detection of leaks and properties of
pipes); and plant processes (coagulation,
demineralization, and fluoridation).
W69-01515
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH 1963 AND 1964.
THE REPORTS OF THE HYDRAULICS
RESEARCH BOARD WITH THE REPORTS OF
THE DIRECTOR OF HYDRAULICS
RESEARCH.
Department of Sci and Ind Res and the Ministry of
Tech, 1964 and 1965,84 pp and 96 pp.
Descriptors: 'Hydraulics, *Runoff, 'Drainage,
'Pipes, 'Storm runoff. Estuaries, Model studies.
Sewage effluents.
Identifiers: Surface permeability, 'Combined
sewers.
Hydrological studies reported include: the factors
affecting runoff in a permeable (chalk) catchment
area and stream flow in an impermeable
catchment; the effect of afforestation on the water
balance of a catchment area; and lysimeter experi-
ments on factors affecting evapotranspiration and
drainage. Studies have continued on the attenua-
tion of flood waves in partly-filled pipes, including
tests on the mixing of an incoming surge of relative-
ly clean storm sewage with the grossly polluted
sewage in a combined sewage system. Studies on
estuaries and tidal flow, carried out both in models
and in the field, have included the problems of silt-
ing, dispersal and recirculation of heated effluents
discharged from power stations, and dispersal of
sewage effluents from outfalls, including flume
tests on dispersion in steady turbulent flow.
W69-01516
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OF RIVER
AUTHORITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHORITIES IN LAYING DOWN AND COM-
PLYING WITH LIMITS OF QUALITY FOR EF-
FLUENTS MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN THOSE
OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION.
Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Lon-
don, 1966,20 pp.
Descriptors: 'Sewage effluents, 'Standards, Dis-
solved oxygen, 'Storm runoff, Sampling.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, 'Great Britain.
This memorandum explains the circumstances
under which sewage effluents should be required to
reach a standard better than that recommended by
the Royal Commission. In deciding the standards to
be imposed under particular circumstances, con-
sideration should be given to the probable concen-
tration of dissolved oxygen in the effluent and the
possible need for aeration; seasonal variations in
requirements; and flows to be treated, including the
proportion of storm sewage to be expected. The
only standard considered justifiable for discharges
of storm sewage is a condition limiting the content
of suspended solids, and since this concentration is
highly variable it is recommended that these ef-
fluents should not be required to conform to a
given standard (e.g. 100 mg per liter) all the time,
but provision should be made for one or two sam-
ples out of every ten, taken on different days, to ex-
ceed the limit.
W69-015I7
FIFTEENTH AND FINAL ANNUAL REPORTS
OF THE BRISTOL AVON RIVER BOARD AND
THE SEVERN RIVER BOARD FOR THE YEAR
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1965.
Bristol Avon River Board; Severn River Board.
46 pp, 2 pi; and 56 pp, 2 pi.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control. Sewage
treatment. Data collections, 'Standards, 'Storm
runoff, Sewage effluents.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, Bristol (Great
Britain).
These reports each contain information on water
resources and the prevention of pollution, includ-
ing the characteristics of the water and the treat-
ment of sewage and trade waste waters. Tabulated
data are included from surveys of the rivers Severn
and Avon and their tributaries; and for the Bristol
Avon area, the classification of the watercourses is
compared with that reported in 1958. In the Severn
area, a high standard has been adopted for settled
storm sewage, limiting the concentration of
suspended solids to 100 p.p.m. based on the
average of three consecutive samples. Owing to the
excessive amounts of suspended matter often found
in effluents from package sewage-treatment plants,
the Severn River Board request that land treatment
should be provided for these effluents. Recommen-
dations have also been made regarding the design
of oil-storage tanks to prevent pollution caused by
accidents or misuse.
W69-01518
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVER
BOARD. ANNUAL REPORTS FOR THE YEARS
ENDED THE 31ST MARCH, 1962 AND THE
31ST MARCH, 1963.
56pp.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, Water
quality, 'Standards, Sewage effluents, 'Overflow,
'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Suspended solids,
•Great Britain.
These reports each contain a section on the preven-
tion of pollution, with information on the quality of
river water, instances of pollution and fish mortali-
ty, and remedial action, including a summary of
new and projected schemes of sewage disposal.
Average data obtained in analyses of the more im-
portant rivers and streams are appended. Standards
for sewage effluents and trade waste waters are out-
lined. A new standard has been imposed requiring
that effluents from storm-water tanks at sewage
works shall not contain more than 100 p.p.m.
suspended solids. It is not, however, considered
practical to impose a standard on the storm-water
overflows on sewage systems.
W69-01519
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER
BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER BOARD FOR
THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1964.
Severn River Board; Wye River Board.
77 and 60 pp respectively.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Storm runoff,
'Standards, Biochemical oxygen demand.
Discharge (Water). Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids. Great Britain.
Both these reports contain sections on water
resources, fisheries and prevention of pollution.
Hydrological surveys are reported for parts of the
catchments of the rivers Bewdley and Avon. Ab-
straction of water irrigation is increasing and the
importance of providing bank storage has been
emphasized. Results of surveys of the rivers Severn
and Avon, certain of their tributaries, and tidal
waters are given and discussed in detail in relation
to the various sources of pollution and prospects
for future improvements. It is planned to make a
complete survey of the rivers Wye and Lugg each
month, with less frequent sampling of other tributa-
ries, and the first two complete surveys are re-
ported and discussed. It is considered that effluents
discharged to the Wye estuary should conform to
the normal standards for a grade-one effluent, in
view of the character of the river and the mortality
of salmon in the tidal reaches nearly every summer.
A measure of control has also been extended to
estuaries in the Severn River Board area, and an
appreciable departure from the normal working
standards was possible when determining the
required standards for partially-treated sewage and
sewage-works effluents. Basic standards for the
discharge of effluents to watercourses are also out-
lined, including those for pre-1951 discharges. In
the case of farm waste waters, allowance is made
for the self-purification which may take place in the
ditch or stream to which the effluent is discharged.
With regard to partially-treated storm sewage, the
Severn River Board have abandoned the standard
limiting the BOD and, apart from specific standards
for toxic materials, the strength and quality of these
discharges are now controlled by a limit of 100
p.p.m. on the concentration of suspended solids.
This standard also applies in the Wye River Board
area where the concentration of sulphide is also
limited to 1 p.p.m., as hydrogen sulphide. The stan-
dard imposed on the discharge of chlorinated water
from a swimming pool limited the concentration of
chlorine to 0.5 p.p.m., as free chlorine, and also
limited the rate of discharge to ensure that there
was sufficient dilution available in the receiving
stream to avoid the risk of toxicity to fish. Altera-
tions in the treatment and discharge of sewage and
trade waste waters are outlined, together with
proposals for new treatment plants.
W69-01520
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER
BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER BOARD FOR
THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
70pp.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Standards,
Sewage effluents, 'Biochemical oxygen demand*
•Storm runoff, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Capacity, 'Great
Britain.
These reports each contain sections on water
resources, fisheries, and prevention of pollution.
The basic standards for effluents are summarized1
they have remained unaltered except that, follow-
ing a decision by the Ministry of Housing and Local
Government, no limitation is now imposed on the
B.O.D. of discharges of partially-treated sewage or
storm water. Progress in the construction of works
to alleviate pollution of the Severn river system has
been satisfactory but in many cases full advantage
of the new sewage works cannot be taken in storm
time until improvements to the main sewerage
system have also been carried out. A number of
sewage authorities have accepted the policy of the
Severn River Board for reducing the storm product
in combined sewers by the selective elimination of
surface water, and the enlargement of main sewer
capacities will permit closure of certain overflows.
New storm overflows are not permitted except in
exceptional circumstances.
W69-OI52I
DELWARE ESTUARY COMPREHENSIVE
STUDY PRELIMINARY REPORT AND
FINDINGS.
Federal Water Pollution Control Admin. Phila
Pa.
July 1966,113 pp. figs.
Descriptors: 'Estuaries, Water quality, 'Storm ru-
noff, 'Overflow, 'Water pollution, 'Sampling
'Biochemical oxygen demand.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The Delaware river estuary - particularly the sea
ment between Trenton and the Pennsylvana-
Delaware state line below Wilmington - was studied
from the points of view of municipal and industrial
waste discharges, water quality and its improve-
ment by five specific alternative objective sets
water use, costs and benefits of projected improve-
ments, and guidelines for implementation. Storm'
water overflow discharges (discussed on pp. 24, "il~
31
-------
TREATMENT METHODS—Field 09
92) are considered esthetically objectionable,
although in comparison with other waste input it
does not constitute a large source of oxygen-de-
manding pollution of the estuary. A continuation of
the reported stormwater sampling program is
urged, and a demonstration project to counteract
undesirable effects of combined sewer overflow is
recommended.
W69-01522
DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN AN AREA CHANG-
ING FROM RURAL TO URBAN,
Robert W. Brannan.
Pub Works, Vol 93, p 10,1962.
Descriptors: *Land use, Drainage systems.
Identifiers: 'Urbandrainage.
Gives some discussion on economic losses due to
urbanization and poor drainage for Lucas County,
Ohio. Also regulatory control methods that should
be considered.
W69-OIS23
NATURE AND SCOPE OF SURFACE
DRAINAGE IN EASTERN UNITED STATES
AND CANADA,
E. W. Gain.
Am Soc Agric Engrs-Trans, Vol 7, No 2, pp 167-9,
1964.
Descriptors: 'Surface drainage, 'Design.
Identifiers: Interceptor sewers, United States,
Canada.
Review of basic surface-drainage systems now in
use includes 'random', 'bedding', 'regular' or
•parallel ditch', 'interception', and 'diversion'
systems.
W69-01524
NEW YORK STATE MUNICIPAL WATER AND
SEWAGE,
R D. Hennigan.
Water Sewage Works, Vol 110, No 12, pp 448-52,
Dec 1963.
Descriptors: 'Planning, Construction, 'Legisla-
tion, Grants.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers. Urban drainage, New
York.
The need for a unified approach to the planning,
construction, and operation of all water utility ser-
vices is stressed. In particular, water service, sewer
service, and storm drainage projects should be
planned on an integrated basis. New York State
laws and constitutional changes have been
designed to encourage an integrated approach to
the planning of water and sewage works. Recent
legislation relating to such planning is described.
One provision would enable municipalities to ob-
tain 100% support for approved comprehensive
sewer and water studies. The author observes that
'counties are increasingly becoming the focus for
providing area-wide water and sewer facilities.' A
brief listing of sources of fiscal aid is included.
W69-01525
TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
North Carolina Univ., Raleigh, N. C. Water
Resources Res. Inst.
David H. Howells.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 93, No SA3, pp 1 -
13,June 1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, Construc-
tion, 'Grants, 'Legislation.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The trend in Federal support of municipal waste-
treatment construction is toward larger annual ap-
propriations with higher levels of support for states
providing matching funds. States should enact
parallel grant-in-aid legislation to take full ad-
vantage of Federal aid in the future and maintain
an influential position in water-pollution control.
Rapid movement toward financial assistance for in-
dustrial waste treatment is not anticipated unless
the current study by the Secretary of the Interior
should add to the momentum. Effluent charges are
considered unlikely if industry responds favorably
to its responsibilities for water-pollution control.
The Clean Waters Restoration Act of 1966
authorized 75% grants to public bodies for projects
concerned with improved pollution control from
combined sewers.
W69-01526
INTERPRETING THE 1951 RIVERS POLLU-
TION PREVENTION ACT,
W.F.Lester.
Munic Eng Sanit Rec, Vol 131, pp 186-7, 1954.
Descriptors: Standards, Sewage effluents, 'Water
pollution, 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Legislation.
identifiers: 'Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act
1951.
The author discusses the implementation of the
Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951. Details
are given of the standards recommended by the
Royal Comm. on Sewage Disposal for effluents
discharged to surface waters and demands are
made for more stringent standards. The problem of
dealing with storm water overflows from sewage
works or from separate sewerage systems is
duscussed with reference to the work of the River
Boards in making by-laws.
W69-01527
CONTROL OF SEWER USAGE AT DETROIT,
MICHIGAN,
C. L. Palmer.
Sewage Works J, Vol 18, No 6, pp 1127-9, Nov
1946.
Descriptors: 'Standards, Sewage treatment,
'Discharge (Water), 'Storm runoff, Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Detroit (Mich.).
Discussion of 'Standards and Regulations' in
Detroit, that are to apply to point where industrial
or commercial type wastes are discharged into
public sewer; data on sewage treatment facilities
and discharge of storm water to Detroit and Rouge
Rivers.
W69-01528
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERAL
AID PROGRAMS,
Paul W. Reed.
12th Annual Wastes Engng Conf, U of Minn, Min-
neapolis, Minn, Dec 10,1965,15 p.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Construc-
tion, 'Grants, 'Legislation.
The FWPCA is described with special emphasis on
the construction grant programs. Surveys of mu-
nicipal waste treatment needs are described. The
Water Quality Act of 1965 is outlined. Public
Health Service studies on water pollution control
are summarized as well as related Federal pro-
grams.
W69-01529
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICA-
TIONS FOR PLANNING SEWERS IN IN-
HABITED LOCALITIES,
A. N.Shevkun.
VodosnSanitTekh,No3,pp 1-5, 1957.
Descriptors: 'Standards, 'Sewers. Planning,
Design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Russia.
The author reviews recent Russian regulations con-
cerning the design of separate and combined
sewerage systems and sewage works.
W69-01530
SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
L.J.A.Stow,
Surveyor Vol 106, p 567, 1947.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution, 'Standards, 'Storm
runoff, Sewage effluents.
Identifiers: 'Great Britain.
The author discusses the existing state of river pol-
lution in Great Britain with special reference to the
need for standards for sewage works effluents, and
for more complete treatment of all storm water.
W69-01531
09. TREATMENT METHODS
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RETARDING
BASINS FOR THE DRAINAGE OF MOTOR-
WAYS,
G. W. Annen.
Gas-u WassFach, Vol 108, pp 46-48, 1967.
Descriptors: Runoff, 'Drainage, 'Highways, Pollu-
tion abatement.
Identifiers: Retarding basins.
A detailed description is given of the design and
operation of retarding basins, which have been in-
stalled along the newly-built motorway south of
Dortmund, Germany. These basins are designed to
slow down the run-off, separating mechanically the
insoluble polluting substances, particularly oils,
and thus protecting the receiving waters.
W69-01532
FINE SCREENS FOR COMBINED SEWAGE.
Amer City, p 42, Dec, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Biochemical oxygen demand, 'Over-
flow, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Suspended solids.
A study to determine the feasibility, effectiveness
and economics of providing primary treatments to
reduce BOD and suspended solids from overflow of
combined sewers is outlined. Combined sewage
and overflow will pass through two fine-mesh
vibrating screens each 7 ft. in diameter and one 60
inch horizontal screen.
W69-01533
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STORM
OVERFLOW.
Amer City, p 36, Nov, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff,
'Overflow, Water pollution, 'Equipment.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers, 'Polymers, 'Suspended
solids.
Work by Dow Chem. Co. under an FWPCA con-
tract to determine the effectiveness of chemical
treatment of storm-sewer overflow is described.
Objectives of the study are: to detail the sequence
of events that occurs during and immediately after
storms, particularly the volume and pollutional
content of the storm water; to determine the value
of organic flocculants for the removal of suspended
material from storm-sewer overflow; to study the
effectiveness of several types of disinfectants in the
waste flow; and to design equipment that will make
effective use of chemicals. The polymers used arc
Purifloc flocculants.
W69-01534
$5,729,103 AWARD FOR WATER POLLUTION
RESEARCH.
APWA Reporter, March 1968.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Overflow,
•Storm runoff. Sewage treatment.
39
-------
Field 09—TREATMENT METHODS
Identifiers: *Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
Jamaica Bay (N. Y.).
The FWPCA recently awarded several contracts
concerned with methods to control pollution from
overflows of combined sewers during storms, in-
cluding an evaluation of a treatment plant for com-
bined sewer outflows into Jamaica Bay, and con-
struction and evaluation of a 2 million gallon com-
bined sewage treatment and storage facility in New
Hampshire. Demonstration contracts to find solu-
tions to the combined sewer problem were awarded
and include: a facility to treat wastes by micro-
screening, and facilities to demonstrate off-shore,
underwater storage of storm water overflow, from
combined sewers.
W69-01535
TO RESTORE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
ASCE - San Eng Div, Newsletter, p 6, May, 1968.
Descriptors: 'Recreation facilities, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Overflow flow control, 'Chlorina-
tion,Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Cleveland (Ohio),
•Lake Erie, 'Interceptor sewers. Capacity,
'Polymers, 'Sewer flushing.
Cleveland, Ohio is attempting to restore some of its
Lake Erie beaches polluted by overflows of com-
bined storm and sanitary sewers. Methods under in-
vestigation are: (1) the use of polymers to reduce
overflows from the Edgewater sewer by increasing
the flow-carrying capacity of the Westerly inter-
ceptor sewer; (2) hypochlorination of the major
overflows and creek waters entering Lake Erie; (3)
flushing sewers during dry weather to reduce the
discharge of solids when it rains; (4) screening of
overflows and streams.
W69-01536
A PLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
ASCE - San Eng Div, Newsletter, p 5, Jan 1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Construction, 'Sewage
lagoon. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Cleveland (Ohio), 'Storage tanks,
•Combined sewers, 'Lake Erie.
The feasibility of building a large waste-water hold-
ing and treatment reservoir in Lake Erie for com-
bined-sewer overflows in Cleveland is being stu-
died. The possibility of building a deep detention
facility off the shore of Lake Erie is being in-
vestigated because of the high cost of acquiring
valuable lakefront land there. Construction
cchniques will be analyzed and the best methods
jf operation to assure flexibility of use and efficien-
cy of treatment will be recommended. If this proves
to be feasible, the lagoon may provide further treat-
ment of the wastes from Cleveland's Easterly
secondary-treatment plant and flows from storm
sewers in this section of the city.
W69-OI537
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE
CLEVELAND BEACHES.
Civ Eng, Vol 38, No 6, p 85, June 1968.
Descriptors: 'Recreation facilities, 'Overflow,
Flow control, 'Chlqrination, Storm runoff, 'Water
pollution control, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Cleveland (Ohio),
•Polymers, 'Lake Erie, 'Sewer flushing, 'Inter-
ceptor sewers. Capacity.
Cleveland, Ohio has received a grant to restore
beaches polluted largely by overflows of combined
sewers and to expand recreational opportunities for
the area. Control and treatment methods to be used
in this project include: experimental use of
polymers to reduce overflows from the combined
sewers by increasing the flow-carrying capacity of
interceptor sewers; hypochlorination of the major
overflows and creek water entering Lake Erie; im-
plementation of a sewer-flushing program during
dry weather to reduce the discharge of solids when
it rains; and screening of overflows and streams.
W69-01538
MILWAUKEE SEEKS TO SOLVE POLLUTION
PROBLEM.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 9, p 79, Sept 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Chlorina-
tion, 'Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Milwaukee (Wis.), 'Storage tanks,
'Combined sewers, 'Bacteriological sampling.
Milwaukee will construct a huge underground
concrete tank to catch rainstorm overflow from the
combined sanitary-storm sewer system. The
demonstration tank will be 170 ft. long, 130 ft.
wide, and 30 ft. deep, and will hold 3.9 million gal-
lons. The tank is being designed to catch the runoff,
purify it with chlorine, or hold it until the storm
ends. Then the runoff will gradually be drained
back into the combined sewer system, which flows
to the treatment plant. In addition to this demon-
stration project, the quality and quantity of the
combined flow, including a physical, chemical and
bacteriological analysis of the combined waste, will
be made in an effort to determine when the sewers
overflow or for how long.
W69-01539
NEW ORLEANS HAS GRANT TO TREAT
STORM WATER.
Civ Eng, Vol 37, No 3, p 103, Mar 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Recreation facilities,
•Water pollution, 'Overflow, 'Chlorination.
Identifiers: Grants, 'Storm sewers, 'New Orleans
(La.), 'Urban drainage.
Lake Pontchartrain beaches now have to be closed
after heavy summer rains when storm water, with a
high bacterial count, is pumped from the canals in
New Orleans into the lake. Although New Orleans
has separate storm-water and sewer systems, some
overflow from the sewers into the canals carrying
rain water does occur. In addition, the canal waters
are contaminated by dirt washed off the streets dur-
ing rains. A demonstration project is being initiated
to study the injection of chlorine into storm waters
in four open canals discharging into the lake. At
one of the chlorine-injection stations a special
concrete chamber, 1,300 ft. long, 85 ft. wide, and
14 ft. deep, will be built in a canal to assure that the
chlorine will be adequately mixed with the storm
waters. The project also involves the construction
of a chlorine-blending plant to avoid the potential
hazard of using the disinfectant in its gaseous form.
W69-01540
IMPROVEMENTS TO SEWAGE TREATMENT
AT BATH.
Civ Eng and Pub Wks Rev, Vol 63, No 738, p 70,
Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Pumping,
•Storm runoff.
Identifiers: Capacity.
Modifications to the City of Bath's sewage treat-
ment system include the provision of new storm
sewage treatment plant adjacent to their pumping
station at Twerton, the plant now being designed to
deal with some 17 m.g.d. under storm conditions,
while a further 10.5 m.g.d. will be pumped 5 miles
through a 30 in. rising main to the main treatment
plant at Saltford. In order to connect the new
pumping capacity, a temporary pumping was
required to handle the full flow of sewage, so that
the wet well could be isolated and work on con-
necting pipe work be carried out. For this purpose,
the inlet chamber, measuring 6 ft x 5 ft was con-
verted to a sump to receive the full flow of sewage
and 5 sykes 6 in. Univac pumps, working on a total
suction lift of 25 ft. were installed. Normal peak
mid-day and evening flows handled by the pumas
are of the order of 250,000 gal/hr. With the wet
well isolated, the 3 ft. thick dividing wall of the well
was cut through using the ladder drilling method
with holes at 4 in. centers being cut down by paving
breakers to give an opening of some 4 ft. 6 in
square section. Old pipe sections which had to be
removed were maneuvered through this opening by
chain block and tackle before the new 24 in dia*
suction branches could be replaced
W69-01541
ELMBR1DGE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
WORKS.
Civ Eng and Public Wks Rev, Vol 62, No 734 n
997, Sept 1967. >H
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Sedimentation, 'Sewage sludge
Equipment. "*=.
The new sewage disposal works at Cranleigh will
deal with sewage flows up to 3 x D.W.F. and all
storm flows will be treated in the old works which
have been modified. At the storm overflow
chamber, flows in excess of 3 x D.W.F. are over-
flowed to the old works for treatment in the sedi-
mentation tanks, biological purification on four fil-
ters and secondary settlement in the humus tanks
before discharge to the Cobblers Brook. In order to
deal with these storm water flows, the first of the
three sedimentation tanks has been equipped with
a sludge scraping mechanism and the other two
tanks have a ridged floor formed by precast
concrete units to facilitate the removal of the
sludge settling in these tanks. The old filters have
had new revolving distributors fitted and arrange-
ments have been made to trickle feed these filters
with settled sewage during dry weather. In this way,
the micro-organisms which must be present to ef-
fect biological purification will be kept alive and
the filters ready to treat the excess flows in wet
weather.
W69-01542
TUNNEL WILL STORE STORM RUNOFF.
Eng News Rec, Vol 179, No 22. p 32, Nov 3O
1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, Storm runoff, Treatment
Pumping, Tunnels. '
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Chicago (111.).
Chicago's Dept of Public Works tunnel is designed
to hold excess flow from combined storm and sani-
tary sewer system in area during heavy rains; when
rain runoff stops, pumps in tunnel will put sewage
back into existing system leading to treatment
plants; schematic drawings of tunnel and water
diversion from combined line to tunnel
W69-01543
PLANT WILL HALT STORM POLLUTION.
Eng News Rec, Vol 178, No 7, p 16, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Overflows, 'Sewage treatment. Solid
wastes.
Identifiers: Storm sewers.
A description is given of the proposed system of
centrifuging and air injection to be installed at the
sewage works of Fort Smith. Ark., to remove solids
from storm-sewage overflows which by-pass the
works. A study will also be made of the system as
part of the normal treatment process, functioning
between the bar screens and the primary sedirncn-
W69-OI544
40
-------
TREATMENT METHODS—Field 09
SEATTLE SEES VICTORY IN ITS BATTLE
AGAINST POLLUTION.
Eng News Rec, Vol 174, No 23, pp 44-46 and 51,
196S.
Descriptors: 'Overflows, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, Storm sewers.
The comprehensive sewage-disposal facilities
planned for Seattle, Wash., to reduce pollution of
Lake Washington and coastal waters of Puget
Sound are outlined; the Renton and West Point
treatment plants are now in operation. Some pollu-
tion is still likely to occur as a result of overflows of
storm sewage; one proposal to reduce this is con-
struction of holding tanks near Lake Washington.
W69-01545
CITY PLANS TO TREAT STORM WATER.
Eng News Rec, Vol 172, p 22, May 28,1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Chlorination, 'Over-
flow, Recreation facilities. Design, Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks, 'Storm sewers, Capaci-
ty,'New York (N. Y.).
Describes the 'Marginal Pollution Control Pro-
gram' for New York City in and around Jamica
Bay, Eastchester Bay and the Upper East River.
Large detention tanks are being constructed with
chlorination facilities at the storm sewer overflows.
Tanks are designed to capture an estimated 25 of
40 summer storms with 15 overflowing. The initial
phase of construction for Jamaica Bay will include
4 storm water detention tanks serving 12,663 acres.
The above program is designed for protection of
the cities bathing beaches.
W69-01546
UNDERWATER STORAGE OF STORM OVER-
FLOW.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 2, No 9, p 668, Sept
1968.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, Design,
•Flowmeter, Sewage sludge. Pumping.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
•Washington, D. C., 'Interceptor sewers,
Suspended solids.
The feasibility of storing overflow of combined
sewers in inflatable tanks anchored to the bottom
of a river bed is being studied by a pilot project in
the Anacostia River in Washington, D. C. The pro-
ject is intended to demonstrate that this approach
can capture, handle, store, and return overflow to
the interceptor sewer without the overflow ever
touching the river. The tanks are made of synthetic
rubber impregnated with nylon fabric. They mea-
sure 120 x 20 feet, and stand between 6 and 7 feet
high when inflated. In operation, the system will
work this way: storm overflow passes through a
Parshall flume where the volume is measured and
recorded. At a predetermined level, a butterfly
opens to allow influent to enter a grit chamber,
where oils and grease float to the top and are
skimmed off. The flow passes through a comminu-
tor which shreds all solids down to 3/8 inch. The
flow then moves by gravity to the storage tanks.
When it is ready to be pumped back to the inter-
ceptor compressed air is used to prevent sludge
buildup.
W69-OI547
UNDERWATER TANKS WILL STORE RUN-
OFF WATER.
Environ Sci Technol, Vol 2. No 3, p 169, March
1968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, Design.
Identifiers: 'Storage tank.
Underwater tanks to store excess sewage and run-
off waters during overflow conditions will be
designed, constructed, and operated by Melpar,
Inc. The stored water will be returned to the mu-
nicipal treatment plant when conditions are more
favorable. The tank will be located on the river bot-
tom several hundred feet from shore and will not be
a hindrance to navigation.
W69-01548
NEW ORLEANS TRYING DISINFECTION OF
STORM-SEWER DISCHARGES.
Publ Wks, N Y, Vol 98, No 3, p 139,1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Chlorination, Recrea-
tion facilities.
Identifiers: New Orleans (La.), Storm sewers.
Pollution of Lake Pontchartrain through the
discharge of storm sewage from New Orleans into
canals, has occurred, leading to closure of the
beaches after heavy rains when the canal contents
are pumped into the lake. To remedy this, it is
planned to chlorinate the storm sewage in the
canals.
W69-01549
MILL GREEN SEWAGE DISPOSAL WORKS
EXTENDED.
Survr Munic Cty Engr, Vol 129, No 3912, pp 27-
28,31,1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Treatment.
Identifiers: Storage tanks.
An illustrated description is given of recent exten-
sions to the Mill Green sewage works of Hatfield
R.D.C., Herts., which serve the northern part of
Hatfield and neighbouring villages. The new works,
designed for a flow of 1 m.g.d., include increased
pumping capacity, additional percolating filters
and 3 microstrainers for tertiary treatment of
humus-tank effluent before discharge to the river
Lee. Storm sewage is returned for full treatment
after storage. After two-stage digestion, sludge is
dried on beds.
W69-OI550
WORTHING'S L500.000 SCHEME OF
DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS.
Surveyor, London, Vol 121,pp 1069-1070,1962.
Descriptors: Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
Improvements are being made at the overloaded
sewage works of Worthing, Sussex, where previ-
ously sewage was discharged to sea after screening
and chlorination. At the West Worthing works,
which will treat a dry-weather flow of 1.31 m.g.d.,
the screens are being replaced by comminutors,
and sedimentation tanks and new storm-water
tanks are being constructed. At the East Worthing
works (which will have a dry-weather flow of 3.14
m.g.d.) improvements include the enlargement of
the existing pumping station, installation of a com-
minutor, conversion of the existing tidal storage
tanks to storm-water tanks, and construction of
new storage tanks. The effluents will be discharged
over a tidal period of 8 1/2 hours. Sludge from both
works will be combined with refuse and sold as
compost.
W69-01551
STRATFORD-UPON-AVON SEWAGE WORKS.
Wat Poll Control, London, Vol 66, pp 268-269,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Treatment, Land use.
41
A description is given of the new Milcote sewage
works of Stratford, Warwickshire, which provide
complete treatment for a dry-weather flow of 1.55
m.g.d. by biological filtration with recirculation of
effluent. Sludge is digested and disposed of on land;
drying beds are available for dewatering excess
sludge. About 1 acre of underdrained land is also
available for treatment of storm sewage or for
further treatment of final effluent if necessary.
W69-01855
WINDSOR STARTS POLLUTION CLEAN-UP.
Wat Poll Control, Ontario, Vol 104, No 5, pp 23-
27,1966.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Sewage effluent,
Chlorination.
Treatment facilities provided at the Little River
Sewage Works at Riverside, Windsor, Ontario, are
outlined and illustrated. The plant, which serves
Riverside and Sandwich East, has a capacity of 4
m.g.d., with space available for future expansion; it
provides complete treatment by the activated-
sludge process. Excess storm sewage and final ef-
fluent are chlorinated before discharge to the Little
River, while crude primary and excess activated
sludge are conditioned with ferric chloride and
lime, dewatered on an automatically-controlled
vacuum filter, and used as land-fill.
W69-01856
CITY OF MILWAUKEE.
Water Wastes Eng, p 118, (n.d.).
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Chlorina-
tion.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
Milwaukee (Wis).
Milwaukee is constructing an underground
concrete tank to catch rainstorm overflow from the
combined sewer system. The demonstration tank
will be 170 ft. long, 130 ft. wide and 30 ft. deep and
will hold 3,900,000 gal. The tank will be designed
to catch the run-off, purify it with chlorine or hold
it until the storm ends. Then it will gradually drain
the run-off back into the combined sewer system,
which flows to the sewage treatment plant.
W69-01857
TREATMENT OF OVERFLOWS FROM COM-
BINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS BY USE OF
STORM WATER STORAGE AND CHLORINA-
TION.
New Hampshire Water Pollution Commission Staff
Report No 40, March 1959.
Descriptors: 'Overflow, 'Storm runoff, 'Chlorina-
tion, Water quality, Recreation facilities.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks.
A study of a procedure to treat enough of the storm
water overflow from an adequate combined system
to achieve B-1 quality in a receiving water nearly
100% of the summer bathing season. Assumptions
and procedure are detailed.
W69-01858
BACTERIAL REDUCTIONS IN THE
CHLORINATION OF SEWAGE-EFFECT OF
AGITATION.
New Hampshire Water Pollution Commission Re-
port No 3. Staff Report No 42, March 1960.
Descriptors: 'Chlorination, 'Sewage effluents,
•Coliforms, Sewage treatment.
Report covers three studies on the bactcriologically
acceptability of effluents which have been
chlorinated with doses of 30 to 40 ppm with gentle
stirring after comminution. Study I: Determined if
there exists a practical level of chlorination of raw
-------
Field 09—TREATMENT METHODS
sewage that 99 percent of time with 15 minute
chlorine contact and without settling can be relied
upon to produce ultimate coliform bacterial counts
in the effluent not to exceed 240/100 ml even
when such effluent is subsequently subjected to
rigorous breakup of paniculate matter. Finding ~
At practical chlorine dose levels of 40 ppm or less
simple chlorination of unsettled raw sewage cannot
be relied upon.
W69-01859
SYSTEM STUDY, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION
OF THE LOCAL STORAGE, TREATMENT AND
REFUSE OF STORM WATER.
Hittman Associates, Inc.
Final Report - Contract No 14-12-20 with the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
August 1967,5 p.
Descriptors: * Storm runoff, "Treatment, * Water
reuse, Sampling, Computer programs.
Identifiers: Columbia (Md), *Storage tanks.
An $850,000 two-year program is suggested for the
collection of stormwater runoff in three small
storage basins and pretreatment units in the new
city development of Columbia, Md., the treatment
of this runoff to remove pollutants, and its further
treatment for potable reuse. A packaged water
treatment plant would be used to determine the
technical and economic feasibility of such treat-
ment. Gaging and sampling stations, and a connec-
tion to the public water system, are included in the
plan. A computer-generated cost-benefit analysis
was used to determine such facets as optional size
of storage reservoirs and optional system configu-
ration. A 'Study of Reuse of Storm Water', by
Whitman, Requardt and Associates, indicating
various consumptive (e.g., toilet flushing) and non-
consumptive (e.g., fire protection) re-uses, forms
part of the Appendix.
W69-01860
PROTECTING THE POTOMAC AT WASHING-
TON,
D. V. Auld.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 37, pp 275-291,
1965.
Descriptors: *Water pollution control. Water
quality, 'Chlorination, *Storm runoff, Sewers,
Estuaries.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, *Sewer separation,
'Potomac River, 'Storage tanks.
To reduce pollution of the Potomac river in the
Washington metropolitan area, several counties, ci-
ties and towns have formed an informal organiza-
tion that has adopted water quality objectives for
63 miles of the river, agreed that there should be
neither treated nor untreated waste discharges for
some 38 miles above the head of tide-water, and
established a Regional Sanitary Advisory Board
which has developed a comprehensive plan for
sewage disposal. As part of this regional effort, the
District of Columbia is provided sewerage facilities
for much of the surrounding territory, including the
new Dulles International Airport in Virginia. The
sewage works have been expanded to provide
secondary treatment by the highrate activated-
sludge process, and it is planned to provide prelimi-
nary tanks and chlorination facilities for storm
flows in excess of those receiving complete treat-
ment. The new sewerage facilities are on the
separate system, and work has already begun on
converting the older parts of the system from the
combined to the separate type.
W69-01861
CHICAGO MSD PROGRESS REPORT ON
CHLORINATION,
Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago,
Chicago, 111.
Vinton Bacon.
Water Sewage Works, pp 350-351, Sept. 1967.
Descriptors: 'Chlorination, Sewage treatment,
'Construction costs.
Identifiers: Capacity, 'Chicago (III).
It has been possible to complete chlorination facili-
ties for the North Side Sewage Treatment Works 1
1/2 years ahead of schedule, by utilizing the ef-
fluent conduit and the North Shore Channel for the
contact basins, thus obviating long and costly con-
struction. The cost of this project was a dramati-
cally low $162 per mgd capacity, in contrast to
$8,380 per mgd capacity for other plants. At the
rated capacity of 300 mdg, a 9-minute detention is
achieved in the effluent conduit. Chlorine dosages
of 1.8 mg/1 are being used for initial operations.
W69-01862
CHICAGO METRO SANITARY DISTRICT
MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
V. W. Bacon, and F. E. Dalton.
Pub Works, Vol 97, No 11, pp 66-70, 140, 142,
1966.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, Sewage
sludge, 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Chlorination,
Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
'Chicago (111.), Sewer separation, 'Rapid filter.
Because of increased demands on treatment plants
and higher environmental standards, various solu-
tions are considered for easing the pollution
problem in the Chicago area, including the use of
long transmission lines to discharge digested sludge
to large areas of marginal agricultural soil and to
coal strip mines. Also considered is the un-
derground storage of contaminated storm-sewage
overflows from combined sewers; storage would be
in a system of tunnels and large chambers ex-
cavated in solid rock deep under the city, and the
sewage would be pumped to the surface for treat-
ment after storms, a more economical solution than
the provision of separate sewers. As a temporary
solution the District is experimenting with the
chlorination of storm-sewage overflows. A brief re-
port is given on the need for tertiary treatment; a 2-
m.g.d. plant will be installed as an experiment at
the District's Hanover Park plant to provide tertia-
ry treatment by coagulation, chlorination, rapid
sand filtration, and final aeration.
W69-01863
USE OF STORM RUNOFF FOR ARTIFICIAL
RECHARGE,
J. E. Berend, M. Rebhun, and Y. Kahana.
Am Soc Agric Engrs-Trans, Vol 10, No 5, pp 678-
84, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water quality, 'In-
strumentation.
Identifiers: Surface permeability, Israel.
Utilization of flood water both as source of addi-
tional supply and as means of introducing low-
salinity water into water supply system in Israel;
studies were carried out on development of
adequate research methods and of suitable instru-
mentation, and in such manner as to make them
also useful in planning reclamation of sewage ef-
fluents; studies of quality of waters and their
response to treatment, infiltration capacity of
spreading grounds and analysis of infiltration
phenomena, and process of clogging, its prevention
and corrective measures are discussed.
W69-01864
EXPERIMENTS IN WATER SPREADING AT
NEWARK, DELAWARE,
D. H. Boggess, and D. R. Rima.
U S Geol Surv Water Supply Pap 1594-B.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Groundwater
recharge.
Identifiers: Surface permeability, Newark (Del).
Results arc given of further experiments at Newark,
Del., on the possibility of using excess storm run-off
to recharge ground water (see Wat. Pollut. Abstr.,
1961, 34, Abstr. No. 761). Although nearly
500,000 gal of water were spread in an infiltration
ditch near the municipal well field and allowed to
seep into the sub-surface, there was no indication
that any appreciable amount of water reached the
producing aquifer. Instead, a perched zone of satu-
ration was created by the presence of an impermea-
ble or slightly permeable bed above the water table.
This layer barred the downward movement of
water so effectively that in less than one day the
apex of the perched zone rose about 10 ft to the
level of the bottom of the infiltration ditch, and as
more water was added the mound of saturation
spread laterally. From these experiments it was
concluded that the principal aquifer at Newark
would not be benefited by spreading water in shal-
low infiltration ditches or basins, although the ab-
sorptive capacity of the unsaturated materials
which occur at shallow depth is sufficient to permit
the disposal of large volumes of storm water. How-
ever, the well field might be recharged by other
methods; one possible solution would be a shallow
basin to store excess storm water both of the land
surface and in the permeable beds at shallow depth,
and within this basin recharge shafts could be con-
structed to expose the top of the producing aquifer
and allow water from the surface and from the sand
and gravel bed to infiltrate through the shaft and
into the aquifer below.
W69-01865
THE ST JOSEPH, MISSOURI WATER POLLU-
TION CONTROL PROGRAM,
R. L. Brown, and W. R. Condon.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 39, pp 1374-1380,
1967.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Storm ru-
noff, 'Sewage treatment. Sedimentation, Sewage
sludge, Maintenance.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, St. Joseph (Mo).
To reduce pollution of the Missouri river, a sewage
works is being constructed at St. Joseph, Mo., to
provide treatment for combined sewage and storm
water by aerated grit removal, sedimentation, and
sludge digestion. Digested sludge will be dewatered
by vacuum filtration, but provision has also been
made for dewatering on sand beds or for disposal of
liquid sludge on farmland. The operation and main-
tenance of the sewerage system are described.
W69-01866
CHLORINATION OF MIXED SEWAGE AND
STORM WATER,
T. R. Camp.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div, Vol 87, No SA I,
1961.
Descriptors: 'Chlorination, 'Storm runoff, Outlets,
Sewage treatment, 'Biochemical oxygen demand,
'Pathogenic bacteria.
Identifiers: 'Suspended solids, 'Combined sewers.
The author deplores the present tendency to con-
centrate on primary treatment of sewage to reduce
the B.O.D. and the concentration of suspended
solids, while overlooking the need for destruction
of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. In older com-
munities with combined sewerage systems about 3
per cent of the sanitary sewage is discharged with
storm water through storm-water outfalls, and this
should also receive treatment to remove bacteria.
The author describes experiments carried out on
the chlorination of sewage alone and in admixture
with storm water. The results indicate that such
treatment is effective. The amount of chlorine-
required for disinfection of storm water would be
about 50 per cent more than the amount required
for treatment of the dry weather flow alone.
W69-01867
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF
HEMEL HEMPSTEAD,
T. H. Garden.
42
-------
TREATMENT METHODS—Field 09
J but Mumc Engrs, Vol 93, pp 24-25.1966.
Dcicnptorv 'Surface drainage, 'Drainage
'Discharge (Water), 'Automatic control.
'Storage tanks. 'Urban drainage.
Capacity
The author describes further improvements to the
on furface-watcr drainage system already in
aptr^fm m Hcmet Hempstead. Herts. A further
pound M under construction to deal with run-off
ton one of the new development areas and
dHchargr to the nver Cade will be regulated by au-
i, mm*u witches; a further balancing tank is also
Mdcf construction in the Vcr catchment area, with
a capacity of 1 1/2 nul.ftS. The balancing tanks and
their function* are described and it is suggested
thai considerable saving can be achieved by the use
at a stance unit in suitable drainage schemes
where existing faculties for disposal are inadequate.
W69-O18**
STORM-WATER TANKS IN THE COMBINED
9W0LAGE SYSTEM OF BERLIN,
A-Cohrv
Go* Watterfach, Vol |03.pp947-952. 1962.
Dejcnptorv 'Storm runoff, 'Design, 'Construc-
tion, Sewage treatment. Cities.
tdemafierv 'Siorafe tanks, Berlin (Germany).
AJ> illustrated description of the design and con-
Kruction of norm-water tanks in the sewerage
system of Berlin.
W69-OIB69
WEST BUDGFORirS 1897 SEWAGE WORKS
WILL BE MODERNIZED BY 1964,
R Dewsbeny
MUMC En,. Vol 139. p 1277. 1962
Descriptor! Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff.
Pumping
Identtien. 'Storage tanks.
yfcning subsidence prevented the building of a new
•ewagc plant for West Bndgford. and it was de-
cided u> convey all sewage to the Nottingham treat-
meat plant The district, which has a population of
J5OO. hat been divided into five new drainage
area*. All sewage will be collected at a new main
pmpping station, and storm-water tanks and an out-
fafl to a watercourse will be provided for high
flow*
W69-OI870
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC
FILTER MEDIUM.
Water PoBuuon Research Laboratory, Stevenage.
GlBnt
C E. Eden.G A Trueadale.andH T.Mann.
teat Sewage Punf. i and Proc. Pt 6, pp 562-574,
1966 3 Ub. 7 fig. 7 ref
Detention. 'Sewage treauncnt. Biochemical ox-
demand. Sewage effluent
•Suspended sands
E*pennttno> in the use of the Dow "Surfpac'
(annealed plastic medium for use in percolating fil-
tcn are described The material was tested in com-
panto* with 2 1/2 in rounded gravel, and with
panic and at various rates of sewage application
and BOO loads It seems dear that effluents of high
qyabty cannot be expected from media of this type;
their advantage seems to be. rather in their ability
10 accommodate Urge volumes of film and to per
AM the rapid punt- of suspended matter, as in the
treatment of untcttkd liquid*
W69-OI87I
SEWAGE TREATMENT. VU. SEPARATION
AND TREATMENT OF STORM WATER,
L B Etcntt
CoBrractor-sRcc.Vol 59. No32.pl I, 1948
Descriptors: Sewage treatment. 'Storm runoff.
•Row control.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
Methods of dealing with storm water flow at
sewage works with and without storm tanks are
described. The design of orifices for control of the
flow to the sewage works is discussed.
W69-OI872
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSES. IV.
STORM TANKS,
L. B. Escritt.
The Water and Waste Treatment j. Vol 6. pp 40?
8,Sept-Oct 1957.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Pumping. 'Flow con-
trol. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks. 'Capacity
This article deals with the reason for using storm
tanks to serve as storage or holding tanks to
prevent the discharge of excessive storm infiltra-
tion to the treatment works. Points discussed are
purpose of storm tanks, theoretical capacity of
tanks, storm water separation, storm tank details
and balancing flows from pumping stations.
W69-OI873
SEWAGE TREATMENT AT SLOUGH,
John Finch.
Effluent Water Treat J, Vol 4. pp 275-77, June
1964.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Sewage treatment
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
Sewage treatment works serving the Borough of
Slough, next to the lower terraces of the Thames
River, are discussed with special emphasis on the
design features necessitated by flat topography
high ground water table, and Wxaoon of the plant
site only a few feet above nver level The entire
flow is pumped before entry into the plant The
flow is subject to comminution and gnl removal
Excessive storm flows are bypassed to storage tanks
to be returned to sewage flows when conditions arc
favorable. Flow is then divided The high-level
plant consists of primary settlement in a circular
flow tank, high intensity aeration, effluent treat-
ment by trickling filters, final settling, and dtsputal
to the Thames River The low-level pUnl consBb
of horizontal-flow, rectangular tinks without
mechanical sludge removal equipment Low-level
plant flow is divided between standard rate filters
and aeration units. When plant modificanon is
complete, the entire flow will he aerated, filtered.
and settled. Humus sludge and surplus activated
sludge are pumped to primary tanks to be tented
out with primary sludge Sludge B thickened and
digested.
W69-OI874
COMPLETION OF FURTHER STAGE LN
CRANCEMOUTH DRAINAGE SCHEME,
J M Fraser
Consult Engr. Vol 23. pp 55O-553. I9«,3
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment. Equapment.
Discharge (Water)
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The new combined sewerage system to serve the
Bow house area of Grangemouth. Stirlingshire. B
described At the pumping station, flows up tu 6
times dry-weather flow arc comnunuied before
discharge to the Forth estuary 270 yards offshore.
this volume of sewage will later be treated at a new
sewage works which a to be constructed Flow in
excess of 6 times dry-weather flow are k.-reened
and discharged to the nvcr Avon
W69-OI875
THE EFFICIENCY Of COMVE.VTK*tAL
SEWAGE PURIFICATION WORKS. STA-
BILIZATION PONDS, AND MATURATION
PONDS WITH RESPECT TO THE SURVIVAL
OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND LNDICA-
TOR ORGANISMS.
O J Coeuee, and N. Fount
Proceedings, Resolutions, and Papers of the Con-
ference on the Problems Associated with the Purifi-
cation. Discharge and Re-Use of Municipal and In-
dustrial Effluents. Pretoria. 1964. pp 93- IDS
Descriptors. Sewage treatment. 'Sewage effluent.
•Storm runoff. Sewage lagoons. 'Bioindicaiorv
• Pathogenic bacteria
Identifiers 'Bacteriological sampling
Tabulated and graphical results are presented from
studies on the removal of Esch coll. Salmonella ty-
phi. Pseudomonas acrugmosa. andckxundium per-
fnngcra at various stages of the convention*!
sewage treatment process (using double filtration i
and in lagoons Neither system gave a safe effluent.
but the lagoons are considered safer since there
were no increases in an> species of bacteria at my
tune Lagoons have the additional advantage trut
all crude sewage, even during storms, receives
treatment and none is by-passed Results indicate
that Eich cult a not an infallible indicator for the
presence of pathogenic organisms, a new indicatoc
organism is needed and it is considered that an in-
dicator fungus would have certain advantage*
which are listed
W69-OI876
DISPOSAL OF STORM WATER BY GROIAD
WATER RECHARGE,
G Conggut
Cahf Dept Water Rcsourccs-Biennul Conf on
Ground Water Recharge and Ground Water HLuin
Management-Pruc. 19*3 Hip
Descriptors 'Storm
nxturce. 'Highways
Identifiers tapac'ity
runoff,
(.Dilution of excavated pit t>pe of recharge h**in
for collection and thtpmal of sitwm water from
roadway* in various areas of San Jojquin \ alkv
Cahf. basins vary in sue frum I -ft acre*, depending
on storage requirement, and arc located cluac in
rviadwav. usually. basim are used as nulerul silci
for rujjwav embankment maierul
"
AlTOMATED PUMPLNG STATIONS FOR OIR
VOIOVS CAPITAL,
E E rUlfiM.
Water Sewage Works. Vol 1 14. So 9. pp M>M:i.
Sept 196 "*
Dmmptm 'Automatic owtrul. Sewjge treat
mcnt. 'Storm runoff. Pumping. Sewcrv
Identifiers 'Storm tewerv 'Interceptor
•I roan drainage. Sewer separation.
DC
Two new msiallaliora are dcvcnbcd The
Station » an automated plant which handtn
sewage and tiormw^tirr fnm the tewage intercep-
tor line icrving Dulles Airport and other \ uginu
and Maryland cummuiMie* The tj Si Station
hanuVs sewage and stormwalct from a redevckifv
mcnl area where IOU acm of iKim B bemg
replaced Both units wiU eventually rnpaa the
•uu> oaoun winch has 4 sanitary pump* operating
at near thru capacity of 28U mgd. ihe sit vttwrn
water pumps can handle up k> 4HU mgd Tnc vtl>
has totatty Kparaled storm and vuulary vewvrv
The pumps and the operation prvK.cOuiv.-i v4 the
oaoon are de»;nbed
WESTOVSlTER-MARE^i NEW O«AINM.»
SCHEME.
J R r Hewnh
JlnstnMunK Engrv \ ol 9V pp M>32. 1966
-------
Field 09—TREATMENT METHODS
Descriptors: *Sewage treatment, Pumping, *Storm
runoff.
The new drainage scheme of Weston-super-Mare,
Somerset, is described in more detail, with particu-
lar reference to the dry-weather-flow and storm-
water pumps, the system of power supply which in-
volves electric power from the mains, two diesel al-
ternators to reduce the maximal demand from the
mains, and an emergency generator, and the system
of alarm to warn of the danger of flooding. In con-
tinued dry weather the flow to the station is
400,000 ft (3) per day or 57 gal per head per day.
W69-01879
PROVIDING PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR
STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W. C. Him.
Wastes Eng, Vol 33, 1962.
Descriptors: *Storm runoff, 'Overflow, *Sewage
treatment, Sewage sludge, Sedimentation.
Identifiers: 'Interceptor sewers, 'Urban drainage,
'Combined sewers.
The Milk River Drain project which serves Grosse
Pointe Woods and Harper Woods to the northeast
of Detroit, Mich., is described. Sewage is
discharged to the Grosse Pointe interceptor which
discharges to Detroit municipal sewers; coml'ned
flows in excess of 8000 gal per min are diverted to a
sedimentation-skimming tank to remove sludge be-
fore discharge to Lake St. Clair. Settled sludge is
periodically flushed from the sedimentation tank
and discharged to the Grosse Pointe interceptor for
treatment at the Detroit sewage-treatment plant.
W69-01880
DESIGN AND OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT
THE NEW WORSLEY U D C SEWAGE WORKS,
J. M. A. Hope.
J Proc Inst Sew Purif, pp 455-458, 1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, *Storm runoff,
Overflow.
The new sewage works serving Worsley, Walkden,
and Little Hulton, Lanes., are designed to treat I
m.g.d. of mainly domestic sewage by the activated-
sludge process with Simplex aeration cones; there
are no storm overflows on the sewers near the
works and full treatment is provided for flows up to
4 times dry-weather flow and the remainder
receives primary treatment. Experiences in the ini-
tial operation of the plant arc outlined.
W69-0188I
EFFECT OF STORAGE AND SKIMMING ON
COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
Hubbell, Roth and Clark, Inc., Bloomfield Hills,
Mich.
George E. Hubbell.
39th Annual Conference of the Water Pollution
Control Federation, Kansas City, Mo, Sept 25-30,
1966, figs, tables.
Descriptors: Drainage systems, 'Weirs, Outlets,
Flowrnetcr, Rain gages. Sampling, 'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers.
The first year's operation of the Twelve Town
Drainage District's relief drainage system is re-
ported. A high weir skimming structure at the out-
let is described, and flow metering, a rain gage net-
work, and laboratory facilities at the Outlet Struc-
ture (including automatic samplers) are noted.
Sewage and overflow characteristics are compared,
and primary settling is viewed as not likely to
produce significant changes.
W69-01882
DESIGNING OF SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
A.C. Koot.
Water, Vol 51, No 8, pp 165-69, Ann! 20. 1967.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Sewers, 'Storm runoff,
'Overflow.
Identifiers: 'Capacity.
The author summarizes the designing of grit cham-
bers, primary and secondary sedimentation tanks,
low- and high-rate trickling filters, low- and high-
rate activated sludge plants, and digestion tanks.
Sufficient storage capacity in or in addition to the
sewerage system for storm overflows is also
discussed.
W69-01883
SOME PROBLEMS IN THE HYDRAULIC
DESIGN OF SMALLER TREATMENT WORKS,
J. Lang.
J Proc Inst Sew Purif, Pt 5, pp 482-490, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Hydraulic design, Sewage treatment,
'Storm runoff.
The author discusses some of the difficulties en-
countered in designing small sewage works which
have small dry-weather flows but may receive large
volumes of storm sewage.
W69-02228
NO STORM-WATER BYPASS,
R. D. Leary.
AmerCity, pp 93-95, Aug 1966.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, Equipment,
'Storm runoff.
A sewage purification plant for Milwaukee is
described in detail. Primary treatment is provided
for an average flow of 60 mgd and can be expanded
to a dwf of 120 mgd by the year 2000. Secondary
treatment is also planned for the future. The plant
is designed so that each part can handle the entire
flow hydraulically. Any unit can be taken out of
service for maintenance and the balance of units
will handle the entire 320 mgd stormflow. There-
fore no plant bypass is needed and no untreated
sewage flows to the lake.
W69-02229
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING IN A NEW
TOWN-PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS,
H. J. Lumley, H. B. Parker, andT. Steel.
Instn PublHIthEngrsJ, Vol 66, pp 18-33, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, 'Discharge (Water),
'Intakes, Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, Urban drainage.
This discussion on public health services in
Crawley New Town, Sussex, includes a description
of sewerage and sewage disposal facilities. The new
sewerage system was designed to carry surface
water directly to local streams and the river Mole;
the only surface water to go into the foul sewer was
to be that from the existing combined sewers. In
practice this system has failed and the treatment
works, which was designed to take a storm flow of
12 m.g.d., has, under extreme conditions, had to
deal with 18 m.g.d. Penstocks had to be fitted to
the sewer inlets to prevent flooding at the works,
with the resultant 'backing up' of sewers in many
parts of the town when these are closed. Various
causes of the excessive storm flow have been sug-
gested. The new sewage works provide treatment
by the activated-sludge process, with diffused-air
aeration. Sludge is digested and used as fertilizer on
farmland. With an effluent standard of 15 p.p.m.
suspended solids and 15 p.p.m. BOD to maintain
and improve upon, it may soon become necessary
to duplicate the works to deal with the sewage from
a rapidly expanding population. The master plan
for Crawley failed to make any provision for refuse
disposal; as a result two unsatisfactory attempts
have been made to establish controlled dumps. The
first site had to be closed when liquor draining from
it polluted a stream which developed heavy
growths of sewage fungus. At the second site an at-
tempt was made to terrace a hillside, but as a result
of geological faulting local streams were again pol-
luted. This situation has been alleviated by digging
drainage trenches at the base of the hill to collect
the effluent which is then pumped back up the hill
side for treatment on land. This has not entirely
removed the pollution or the accompanying smell
of hydrogen sulphide, and as a further measure
potassium permanganate, which precipitates the
hydrogen sulphide, is leached into the streams. The
cost of mechanical methods of disposal are at
present prohibitive and a long-term plan for refuse
disposal is not yet possible.
W69-02230
DWF OF 282,000 GPD FOR BRENTWOOD
SEWAGE WORKS,
T. V. Martin.
Munic Eng, London, Vol 142, pp 1375-1376,
1965.
Descriptors: 'Automatic control. Sewage treat-
ment, Equipment, Sewage sludge, Sewage effluent,
'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
The new sewage works of Brentwood, Essex,
replacing the Lapwater Hall works which served a
population of 1500, is designed to serve a popula-
tion of 8000, with a design dry-weather flow of
0.282 m.g.d. Flows in excess of 3 times this value
are automatically diverted to storm tanks from
which flows in excess of 6 times dry-weather flow
are discharged to irrigation plots and smaller flows
pass with the settled sewage to the percolating fil-
ters. The rate of recirculation of effluent on to the
filters is also controlled automatically in relation to
the rate of the incoming flow. Final effluent is
discharged to grass plots but flows in excess of 3
times dry-weather flow are pumped direct to the
river. Sludge is digested and dried on beds; liquor
from the digestion tanks and drainage from the dry-
ing beds are re-treated with the influent sewage.
W69-02231
TURKEY CREEK SEWAGE PUMPING STA-
TION,
W. E. Nusbaum.
Sewage Works, Vol 112, No 2, pp 58-62, Feb 1965.
Descriptors: 'Water pollution control, 'Storm ru-
noff, 'Automatic control.
Plant in conjunction with new diversion structure is
part of plan for pollution control of Missouri River
and will be located near mouth of Turkey Creek
trunk sewer; sanitary sewage and industrial wastes
will be intercepted and pumped through 48-in.
force main to new sewage treatment plant located
near confluence of Kansas and Missouri Rivers;
storm flows will be bypassed directly to Kansas
River; plant is equipped with five sewage pumping
units of vertical, dry-pit type driven through direct
connected intermediate shafting by electric drives
mounted separately on main operating floor; pump
operation, electrical supply and automatic features
are described.
W69-02232
SOME APPLICATIONS OF RESEARCH IN THE
DESIGN OF SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE-
TREATMENT WORKS,
H.R.Oakley.
JInstSewPurif.Pt I, pp 83-101, 1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Runoff forecasting.
Hydraulic design, Sewage treatment. Design.
•Sewers, Equipment.
The author discusses some examples of the applica-
tion of results of research to improve the design of
sewerage and sewage-treatment facilities, including
calculation of storm-water run-off, hydraulic
design of sewers, design of sedimentation tanks and
percolating filters, improved aeration in the ac-
tivated-sludge processes, and methods for polishing
effluents and for treatment of sludge. He points out
-------
URBAN HYDROLOGY—Field 10
that direct application of fundamental research to
design is seldom possible, and an intermediate
staeeof development is usually necessary.
W?9-02233
EMERGENCY ALUM TREATMENT OF OPEN
RESERVOIRS,
W. R. Ree.
J Amer Water Works Assoc, Vol 55, pp 275-281,
1963.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Treatment, Water
pollution control, 'Turbidity.
identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
The author describes experiences of the Depart-
ment of Water and Power, Los Angeles, Calif., in
the direct application of powdered alum to open
reservoirs for reduction of high turbidities caused
by storm run-off. This treatment has been found
useful in emergencies, satisfactory results being ob-
tained with alum doses of up to 85 p.p.m. It has also
been used successfully for treatment of storm water
before it enters the reservoirs. Experiments also
showed that the storm water could be treated with
liquid alum, and large storage tanks are being con-
structed at two sites for this purpose, to eliminate
the need for mechanically driven feeders.
W69-02234
CONTROL OF POLLUTION FROM COMBINED
SEWER SYSTEMS,
Paul W. Reed.
1965 Public Works Congress and Equipment
Oiow sponsored by Amer Public Works Assoc,
Los Angeles, Calif, Aug 31,1965.10p,8ref.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Water pollution,
•Overflow. Sewage treatment.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Sewer separation,
Storage tanks.
Data from several cities concerning amount of pol-
lution due to storm water overflow from combined
sewers is given. Disadvantages of separating sanita-
ry and storm sewers as a solution for the problem
are discussed. Combined treatment and holding
facilities are suggested as an alternative and various
tvoes are described. (Synopsis of this paper
published in Public Works, pp 112-113, Aug,
1966).
W69-02235
SOUTHEND-ON-SEA SEWAGE WORKS AND
PUMPING STATIONS,
i H. D. Sayle.
J Inst Sew Purif, Pt 3, pp 242-244,1963.
Descriptors: 'Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff,
Pumping.
The pumping stations and sewage-treatment facili-
ties for Southend-on-Sea, Essex, arc described.
Sewage is treated at Prittlewell by screening,
removal of grit, and sedimentation before
discharge to the Thames estuary: storm water is
screened before discharge, and all screenings are
disintegrated. Sludge is now digested before being
pumped to the sludge farm at Barling. Provision has
been made for returning water draining from the
sludge farm to the main treatment plant, but in dry
weather this effluent is used by farmers for crop ir-
rigation.
W69-02
169-02236
OF MUNICIPAL WASTE
TREATMENT
WATER,
O. J.Schmidt.
SW Water Works J, Vol 48, No 5. pp 18-28,1966.
Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, Sewage
lagoons, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sewage
treatment. Design.
The author discusses sources of pollution, includ-
ing examples of pollution by run-off, and describes
the performances of lagoons used for tertiary treat-
ment at Peoria, III., at South St. Paul, Minn., and at
Indian Creek, Kans. BOD removals during the
periods studied ranged from 20 to 70 per cent. It is
pointed out that it is difficult to assess the efficien-
cy of tertiary treatment in lagoons, which produce
well-nitritied effluents, when the influent BOD
changes from a carbonaceous to a nitrogenous na-
ture. The high efficiency of tertiary treatment is il-
lustrated by results from the plant at South Tahoe,
Calif. Reduction of pollution by improvements in
the design and operation of sewage works and by
chemical treatment is considered briefly.
W69-02237
METHOD OF CLEANING SEWER SYSTEMS,
E. J. Storia, and R. L. Voda.
U S Patent 3,170,814 (to Terra Chemical Corp)
Feb23,1965.
Descriptors: 'Sewers, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: Combined sewers, 'Polymers.
It is claimed that storm-water and combined
sewerage systems can be cleaned by adding a
water-soluble, high-molecular-weight pplyelec-
trolytic organic polymer, such as acrylic and
methacrylic acid derivatives, to the catch basins in
amounts of 0.1-1.0 gal. Rain water entering the
system dissolves the polymer which acts as a coagu-
lant for material in the sewer, and carries it through
the system to discharge.
W69-02238
SAINT NICOLAS: TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
OF THE SEWAGE-TREATMENT WORKS,
M. Theinpont.
Techq Eau Assain, Vol 19, No 219, pp 29-40, and
No 220, pp 29-40,1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Sewage treatment,
Automatic control, Sewage sludge. Sewage ef-
fluent.
A detailed, illustrated description is given of the
new biological-filtration plant at Saint-Nicolas,
Belgium, which has been designed to treat a daily
dry-weather flow of 10,800 m3 of sewage and in-
dustrial wastes, with provision for reception of
3200 m3 per hour during storm flows, half of which
can receive complete treatment. The percolating
filters may be operated with alternating double fil-
tration and recirculation, and the final effluent is
discharged from humus tanks to Paddeschootbeek.
Sludge receives primary and secondary digestion,
during which it is heated by heat-exchange units
situated outside the tanks; after drying on beds, the
digested sludge provides a useful fertilizer. The
operation of the plant is controlled automatically
from a central control room, and its flexibility is il-
lustrated by appended flow diagrams.
W69-02239
SEWERAGE AND STORM-FLOW TREAT-
MENT,
D. J. Weiner.
Water Pollut Contr Fed J, Vol 39, No 5, pp 741-
746 39 ref.
Descriptors: 'Surveys, 'Storm runoff. Sewage
treatment. Tunnel construction, Instrumentation.
A brief review of the 1966 literature on sewerage
and storm-flow treatment is presented. Topics in-
cluded are tunnel construction, economics of pol-
lution control measures, specific sources of run-off
pollution, sewer maintenance programs, and the
use of television in sewer inspection.
W69-02240
GROUND WATER RECHARGE - CONSERVA-
TION IN NASSAU COUNTY,
W. Fred Welsch.
J Amer Water Works Assn. Vol 52, p 12,1960.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Groundwater, Out-
lets, 'Drainage, 'Stilling basins, Chemical analysis.
Identifiers: 'Surface permeability.
Ground water replenishment with storm water
serves several purposes: (1) replenish ground water
supply, (2) provide drainage outlets without long
conduits, and (3) reduce size of conduits for storm
water drainage. Recharging done in several ways:
(I) for small areas large dia. diffusion pipe installed
in caisso. fashion, (2) single basin recharge reser-
voirs, and (3) two unit basins, first one to act as set-
tling basin and second as seepage or percolation
basin. Designed on a 5 in. rainfall in 2 days which
has a frequency of about 5 years. Runoff coeffi-
cients increasing as area develops and pervious
area decreases. Seepage rates for area are approxi-
mately 24 gpd/sq ft or 1 mgd/acre. Analyses of
storm water basins indicate chlorides of 2.4 ppm.
iron 0.1 - 0.8 ppm and D.C. of 132 - 218 ppm.
Phenols have been found where runoff is from
pavements of bituminous tar material.
W69-0224I
10. URBAN HYDROLOGY
ATTENUATION OF FLOOD WAVES IN PART-
FULL PIPES,
P. Ackers, and A. J. M. Harrison.
Proc Instn Civ Engrs, Vol 28, pap No 6777, pp 361 -
381,1964.
Descriptors: Pipes, 'Hydrographs, 'Floods, 'Con-
duits.
Identifiers: Storm sewers.
In the derivation of improved methods for desig-
ning storm-water drainage systems it is important
to know the way in which the flood hydrograph (or
flood wave) is modified as it passes along a conduit
under conditions of free surface flow; and an exten-
sive study was therefore carried out using an ex-
perimental pipeline installation in which the slope,
height, and length of peak of the input hydrograph
could be varied. For each set of conditions, depth-
time data were automatically recorded and
analysed in terms of dimensionless parameters,
showing that the rate of lowering of the wave peak
with time and with distance is a function of the pipe
diameter, the Froude number, the depth of base
flow, and the volume of fluid in the wave. The
volume of the wave, not its shape, is the principal
factor affecting the attenuation. The velocity of the
peak of the wave was found to be in good agree-
ment with the Kleitz-Seddon law. The peak depth
of the wave is a function of the peak discharge,
which is related to the steepness of the wave, but in
most practical cases differs little from the normal
discharge. As dimensionless parameters were used.
the results are applicable to storm sewers of all
diameters and floods of all durations and mag-
nitudes, provided the hydrograph is not steeper
than those studied.
W69-01S52
APPLICATION OF STORAGE ROUTING
METHODS TO URBAN HYDROLOGY,
A. P. Aitken.
Instn Engrs, Australia J, Vol 40, No 1-2. pp 5-11,
Jan-FcbT968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Design, Design storm.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Methods of runoff routing developed in Great
Britain and in United States are examined and ex-
tended in application, so that results may be ap-
plied as correction to 'rational method' of design;
rational method is specifically derived for localities
like Victoria and Great Britain, where runoff from
pervious area for design storm is of no significance.
but it could be applied in other ureas with suitable
modifications.
W69-OI553
THE USE OF UNIT-SOURCE WATERSHED
DATA FOR RUN-OFF PREDICTION,
C. R. Amerman.
45
-------
Field 10—URBAN HYDROLOGY
Wat Resour Res, Vol 1, pp 499-507, 1965.
Descriptors: *Runoff forecasting, * Demonstration
watersheds, Subsurface runoff, Storms.
Run-off from 10 units forming a 76-acre complex
watershed and from 2 units forming a 7.4-acre
complex watershed in the North Appalachian ex-
perimental watershed near Coshocton, Ohio, was
measured during storms during 1956. The partial
run-off values were used to calculate a theoretical
value for the run-off from each complex watershed,
which was compared with the observed run-off. For
the 76-acre watershed, the observed run-off was
very much larger than the estimated run-off for
small storms, but the two values approached as the
storm size increased; in the case of the 7.4-acre
watershed the estimated value was very much
larger than the observed run-off for small storms
and almost equal to it for large storms. In order to
produce a better model for this type of calculation
it was concluded that the question of sub-surface
run-off, partial area flow, and the influence of run-
off from the upper slopes on that from lower areas,
should be considered.
W69-01554
AN EVALUATION OF THE INFLOW-RUNOFF
RELATIONSHIPS IN HYDROLOGIC STUDIES,
J. Amorocho, and G. T. Orlob.
Univ. Calif, Wat Resour Center Contrib No 41,
1961.70pp.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Model
studies.
Studies have been carried out by the University of
California to establish some of the criteria required
for the interpretation of statistical analyses of the
relation between rainfall and run-off. For this pur-
pose, a model of an hydrological unit was
developed, based on a qualitative analysis of its
fundamental functional elements, and its structure
was compared with that of a typical regression
equation. The conditions for minimum error in the
estimates of flow from catchments were examined
and various watersheds in different parts of the
world were investigated to test the applicability of
the equations of state developed. The advantages
of using an equation of state for hydrologic studies
in preference to wholly empirical relations derived
from more or less arbitrary multiple correlation
analyses are indicated.
W69-01555
ASCE'S URBAN WATER STUDIES.
ASCE - San Eng Div, Newsletter, p 1, July 1968.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Storm drainage. Data col-
lections. Instrumentation, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, 'Water quality, Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Urban hydrology,
Storage tanks.
ASCE has initiated a study program on urban
hydrology consisting of two projects. 'An Analysis
of National Basic Information Needs in Urban
Hydrology' is a study to determine the kinds of data
needed to improve the design of an urban area's
storm drainage facilities; needs for data-collecting
instrumentation; and appraisal of the types of net-
works necessary to collect adequate data. 'A Syste-
matic Study and Development of Long-Range Pro-
grams of Urban Water Resources Research' aims to
furnish guidelines for initiating and expanding a
long-range study on urban water problems; con-
duct a state-of-the-art study of simulation methods
potentially usable for analyzing urban rainfall-ru-
noff-quality processes; and study the requirements
for assessment of drainage damage and the use of
storage schemes. The non-hydrologic aspects of
urban water-resources research needs will also be
investigated.
W69-01556
ASCE RESEARCH PROGRAM IN URBAN
WATER RESOURCES.
Civ Eng, Vol 38, No 5, pp 70-71, May 1968.
Descriptors: Data collections, 'Design, 'Storm
drainage, Instrumentation, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, 'Water quality. Model studies. Drainage
systems.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Urban hydrology.
The ASCE Urban Hydrology Research Council has
initiated a program to study and report on research
and data needs for urban-water problems. The pro-
gram currently consists of two major projects:
Research and Analysis of National Basic Informa-
tion Needs in Urban Hydrology and Systematic
Study and Development of Long-Range Programs
of Urban Water Resources Research. Under the
first project an intensive study is being made of the
types of data needed for improved design of storm-
drainage facilities, including both quantity and
quality of drainage-flow needs for data-collecting
instrumentation; and for approval of types of net-
works necessary to collect adequate data. The ulti-
mate objective is to facilitate transfer of data
findings between metropolitan regions. The second
project will attempt to provide guidelines for in-
itiating and expanding a program of long-range stu-
dies on urban water problems. This includes:
prefeasibility studies to determine the possible ef-
fectiveness, cost and time requirements for a com-
prehensive systems-engineering analysis of all
aspects of urban water and for a general economic
analysts of costs and pricing parameters of all
aspects of urban water; a state-of-the-art study of
mathematical models and related techniques for
analyzing urban rainfall-runoff-quality processes; a
study of requirements for the assessment of
drainage damage and exploration of alternatives to
direct storm-water runoff; and a study of political,
economic, legal, and social problems related to
urban water management.
W69-01557
SANITARY SERVICES. GREAT ACHIEVE-
MENTS FOR A PLAN OF WORKS.
Rev Obr sanit Nac, B Aires, Vol 42, pp 164-185,
I960.
Descriptors: 'Planning, 'Sewers.
Identifiers: Storm sewers, 'Argentina.
After a review of legislation relating to the provi-
sion of water supplies and storm and sanitary
sewerage systems in Argentina, brief descriptions
are given of the facilities in operation, under con-
struction, and planned, for more than a hundred
different urban centers, each considered in-
dividually. A map is included showing the position
of water supply and sewerage systems throughout
the country.
W69-OI558
DRAINAGE AND BEST USE OF URBAN LAND,
Louis H. Antoine, Jr.
Pub Works, Vol 95, p 2, Feb 1964.
Descriptors: 'Land use.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Surface permeabili-
ty, St. Louis (Mo.).
This article discusses a study of drainage channels
for the St. Louis area and gives data on the percent
of imperviousness for different urban land uses.
W69-01559
DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF FOR URBAN
STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM DESIGN,
K. W. Bauer.
Southeastern Wis Rge Ping Comm Tech Rec, Vol
2. No 4, April 1965. 19pp.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Design, 'Planning,
•Drainage systems, 'Rainfall intensity,Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Storm sewers.
Storm water runoff determinations are made to
determine design criteria for the planning and
design of urban drainage systems. The storm water
runoff determination criteria is the rational method
whose variables are: the coefficient of runoff rain-
fall intensity for the area, time of concentration
and soil information. The application of these
criteria should promote common storm sewer
design methods and the adoption of common
design methods for storm water drainage system
W69-01560
TIME ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL ON URBAN
CATCHMENT, "KHAN
V. J. Bidwell.
J Hydrology, New Zealand, Vol 6, No 2, pp 74.9
1967. *
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Computer nro-
grams, Rain gages. H
Identifiers: 'Urbandrainage, 'NewZealand.
Analysis of short-time-increment rainfall at Univer
sity of Auckland in New Zealand; autocorrelation
techniques proposed by R. A. Grace and P jT
Eagleson were used; practical methods of data
recording and processing, suitable for digital conw
puter analysis, are outlined; autocorrelation resutet
are given for 1 yr of 10-min rainfall values forA?
bert Park gage at Auckland. f*t~
W69-01561
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITARY ENGINEERING
APPROACH TO A MULTIPLICITY™?
PROBLEMS, Y Of
P. C. Base, and R. G. Ludwig.
Water Sewage Works, Vol 112, pp 164-167, 1955
Descriptors: 'Flood control, Drainage systems
'Design, Storms, Sewage treatment, 'StorrnrT*
noff. ™~
Identifiers: 'Capacity, 'Combined sewers,
sewers, Calcutta (India).
To improve the sewerage system at Calcutta and al
leviate flooding during the monsoon period it is
proposed to increase the capacity of the existino
combined sewers and drainage channels, provide
connexions to the trunk sewers, and construct
separate sewers for storm water and sewage in the
unsewered districts, using 2-month storm frequent
cy data as a design basis for the urban sections"
Treatment works are planned for the districts «r
Tollygunge, Cossipore-Chitpore, Howrah, iand
Chandernagore. * «na
W69-01562
STEPS TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTAND
ING OF URBAN RUNOFF PROCESSES ^^
E. F. Brater.
Water Resources Res, Vol 4, No 2, p 335,
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationshin*
Drainage systems. Surface runoff, 'Storm runrSr
Groundwater. ""on,
Rainfall and runoff from drainage basins in varin*
stages of urbanization were analyzed to determi
the initial retention, the hydrologically sianificL
impermeable area, and the infiltration caoaciti^r!^
the permeable portions of the basins Thedrainl
basins, varying in size from 9.5 to 185 square ma**
are located in the Detroit metropolitan arS*
Techniques were developed that largely elirninaSi
personal judgment in separating surface run.5r
from ground water discharge. Infiltration cauaoir
in this region are from 3 to 5 times higher in i
summer than in early spring. The average initial iT
tentionfor the basins studied is approxlmatelyo •>'
inch. The hydrologically significant imperm!Li!£
area appears to be closely related to the TCDuliX*?
area appears! „., .^._^,
density, but the effect of other factors is bcino
died. An investigation of the cause of seasonal
short period vanations of infiltration ci al
provide a better understanding of the
process
-------
URBAN HYDROLOGY—Field 10
W69-01563
EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON WATER
RESOURCES,
W. E. Bullard.
J Water Poll Control Fed, Vol 38, pp 645-59, April
1966.
Descriptors: 'Land use, 'Water quality, Sedimen-
tation, Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Land use, among other factors, determines the
quality of water produced. Erosion causes turbidity
and sedimentation, lowers water quality, and
damages aquatic life habitats. Fertilizers, pesti-
cides, and other toxins and nutrients contribute to
pollution. Agriculture, timber, mining, urban ru-
noff, and recreation also are pollution contributors.
W69-01564
PERIMETER DRAINAGE TO PROTECT
URBAN LANDS,
R. T. Chuck.
ASCE Proc, J Urban Planning Devel Div, Vol 93,
No UP1, Paper 5055 pp 1-12, Jan 1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Planning.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, Hawaii.
Perimeter drainage is challenging approach for
providing drainage protection to urban lands; es-
sential in its concept is consideration of alternative
uses of existing natural water courses; by using
man-made waterways to supplement, alter, or en-
tirely eliminate existing natural drainage pattern,
perimeter drainage affords means of providing
adequate protection to urban lands, while preserv-
ing and enhancing their economic and aesthetic
values; successful experience in Hawaii suggests
that perimeter drainage has considerable merit in
urban planning and development and should be
gven more serious attention in well-planned urban
W69-01565
UNIT HYDROGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS
FOR SEWERED AREAS,
Peter S. Eagleson.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 88, No HY2, Part 1,
March 1962.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, 'Overflow, Sewers,
Storms, Drainage.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
Hydrographs of measured storm sewer outflow
from urban areas up to 7.5 sq. miles in size are
analyzed. The characteristics of the hydrographs
are correlated with the properties of sewers and
drainage basins in order to permit construction of
synthetic unit hydrographs for other unmeasured
sewered areas. Applicability of the derived rela-
tionships is tested against a measured outflow
hydrograph for a complex storm.
W69-01566
COMPUTATION OF OPTIMUM REALIZABLE
UNIT HYDROGRAPHS,
Peter S. Eagleson, Ricardo Mejia-R, and Frederic
March.
Water Resources Res, Vol 2, No 4, pp 755-764,
1966.6 fig, 22 ref.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Com-
puter programs.
Identifiers: Calculations, 'Urban hydrology.
The Wiener-Hopf theory of optimum linear
systems is applied to the determination of the stable
pulse response of a monotone hydrologic system
from coincident records of input and output in the
form of discrete time series. In application to the
rainfall-runoff system, linear programming
methods are used in the solution or the Wiener-
Hopf equations to obtain physically realizable unit
hydrographs. An actual urban rainfall-runoff event
is graphed and used for illustration in developing
the equation.
W69-01567
RAINFALL AT NEW ORLEANS AND ITS
REMOVAL,
G. G. Earl.
Civ Eng, Vol 2, No 5, pp 289-94, May 1932.
Descriptors: 'Drainage, 'Pumping, 'Discharge
(Water), Storms, 'Rainfall intensity. Rain gages.
Identifiers: 'Capacity, New Orleans (La.).
Drainage and sanitation problems; pumping
capacity required to discharge accumulation of
water in reasonable time; records of storm;
drainage pumping stations; effects of irregular rain-
fall; new type rainfall recorder; extending rainfall
data; sanitary systems.
W69-01568
ECONOMIC SURFACE-WATER SEWERAGE: A
SUGGESTED STANDARD OF PRACTICE,
L. B. Escritt, and A. J. M. Young.
J Instn Publ Hlth Engrs, Vol 62,1963.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Sewers, 'Storm runoff,
Storms, Surface runoff.
Identifiers: 'Surface permeability, 'Urban
drainage.
In an examination of data, provided by the Road
Research Laboratory, for use in the design of
sewers, the authors question the conclusion that
the amount by which calculated rates of runoff dur-
ing storms exceed recorded rates is due to storage.
They suggest that it is due to a change in impermea-
bility of the catchment and describe an experiment,
using a sheet of plate glass as a catchment, to sup-
port their views. The Lloyd-Davies method of cal-
culation should be used, with the assumption that
roofed and paved surfaces in developed areas have
an impermeability of 80 per cent and not 100 per
cent as the Road Research Laboratory suggests.
W69-01569
SCALE MODEL OF URBAN RUNOFF FROM
STORM RAINFALL,
R. A. Grace, and P. S. Eagleson.
ASCE Proc, J Hydraulics Div, Vol 93, No HY3, pp
161-176, May 1967.
Descriptors: Storms, 'Model studies, Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
The response of a small urban watershed to four
storms is generated in the laboratory by a scale
model consisting of a programmed rainfall genera-
tor, vertically-distorted scaled topography, and a
weighing device for recording the cumulative ru-
noff. Comparison of these results with prototype
measurements through use of derived scaling laws
shows reasonable agreement.
W69-01570
EFFECT OF URBAN GROWTH ON STREAM-
FLOW REGIMEN OF PERMANENTE CREEK,
SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIF,
E. E. Harris, and S. E. Ranu.
U S Geol Survey-Water Supply Paper 1591-B,
1964.18 p.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Land use.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage. Surface permeability.
Evidence that volume of storm runoff produced by
rainfall on valley floor has increased substantially
as result of urbanization; increase in outflow is at-
tributed to fact that urban development during
period 1945 to 1958 increased extent of impervi-
ous surface in product area from about 4% to 19%.
W69-OI571
A METHOD OF COMPUTING URBAN RU-
NOFF,
W. I. Hicks.
ASCE Proc, Vol 109,1217,1944.
Descriptors: Hydraulics, 'Rainfall-runoff relation-
ships, 'Hydrographs, 'Runoff forecasting.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
The author presents results of hydraulic investiga-
tions and rainfall - runoff gagings and develops
hydrographs for different sized areas, with varyiing
degrees of development and time of concentration.
W69-01884
URBAN HYDROLOGY - REDIRECTION,
D. Earle Jones.
Civil Eng - ASCE, Vol 37, No 8, pp 58-62, Aug.
1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, Storm runoff,
'Land use.
Identifiers: 'Urban hydrology, 'Urban drainage.
Inaccuracies of present hydrology methods are out-
lined. An improvement is suggested wherein the
fact that cities have two separate and distinct storm
water drainage systems, a 'minor' and a 'major'
system would be recognized. The minor system
consists of carefully designed closed and open con-
duits and their appurtenances. The major system is
the route followed by flood or runoff waters when
the minor system is inoperable or inadequate. Ci-
ties today are overdesigning the minor systems. A
reasonable design would provide that ordinary
vehicular access to properties be impaired no more
often than once in 2-10 yrs. Wiser use of natural
land conditions when developing the land can ob-
viate extensive storm sewer construction. Examples
are given of some methods for this wiser use e.g.
'blue-green' land development employing ponds
with open space for storm-flow detention.
W69-01885
STORM RUN-OFF FROM URBAN AREAS,
M. V. King.
Proc Insts Civ Engrs, Vol 37, pp 43-56, Pap No
6996,1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, 'Sewers, Hydrographs, Drainage
systems. Design.
Identifiers: Urban drainage, 'Urban hydrology.
Surface permeability.
The author describes the development of a mathe-
matical relation between rainfall and run-off in
urban areas, taking into account various calculable
characteristics of a drainage area and the retention
action of a sewerage system as used in the Road
Research Laboratory hydrographic method. It is
shown that the peak flow for any particular
frequency of storm depends on the time of concen-
tration, the effective impervious area, and the total
volume of water in the sewerage system at the time
of peak run-off; only the last of these is difficult to
determine, and for very large areas it is considered
adequate to use an approximation. Having deter-
mined the retention constant for a drainage system
under particular conditions, it is also possible to
draw the complete run-off hydrograph. This
method may be used in designing large sewers, but
is not considered suitable for small ones.
W69-01886
ECONOMIC STUDY OF URBAN AND
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
J.W.Knapp.
Johns Hopkins Univ-Dept Sanit Eng and Water
Resources-Tech Report 2, June 1965. 175 pp.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems. Design,
•Highways, 'Runoff, 'Flood control, 'Model stu-
dies, 'Intakes.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
47
-------
Field 10—URBAN HYDROLOGY
Characteristics of flood losses are investigated, in-
formation collected on cost of drainage facilities
and damages in urban areas is analyzed; for
highway drainage, interruption of traffic flow is in-
terpreted as major flood damage; mathematical
models are developed for solution of specific
drainage problems; stimulation is used to describe
random effects of runoff and traffic in model for
selecting pumping facilities to remove storm water
at highway underpass; two models for finding op-
timum spacing of inlets are developed and solved.
W69-01887
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN
RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT,
M. Lovett.
Survr.Vol 104,587, 1945.
Descriptors: Sewage treatment, 'Storm runoff,
•Rainfall intensity, 'Storms, Design.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Great Britain,
•Surface permeability.
The development of sewerage systems in Great
Britain, and disposal and treatment of storm waters
are described. In a particular district the extent of
impervious areas, intensity of rainfall, localization
of storms, and the nature, size, and use of nearby
streams determine whether a combined or a
separate sewerage system is more suitable.
W69-01888
DETERMINATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFI-
CIENTS,
f. W. MacDonald.and A. Mehn.
Pub Works, Vol 94, No 11, p 74, 1963.
Descriptors: Drainage system, 'Land use, 'Runoff.
Identifiers: Surface permeability, 'Urban drainage,
•New Orleans (La).
Results of a study to determine times of concentra-
tion and obtain an accurate value for the coeffi-
cient of imperviousness of one of the large drainage
districts of the city of New Orleans, La., carried out
in cooperation with the Sewerage and Water
Board, are summarized in Tables and discussed.
Results indicate that the coefficient for built-up
areas, which comprise over 4000 acres in the dis-
trict is 0.548 whereas the coefficient for a typical
suburban area is 0.455; the coefficient for the en-
tire drainage district is 0.559. The Rational formula
was employed to determine run-off coefficients
using a 79-minute time of concentration, and the
average value obtained was 0.653, this value being
within the ranges recommended for combined re-
sidential and commercial areas.
W69-OI889
DETERMINATION OF THE DISCHARGE OF
RAINWATER,
G. Mueller-Neuhaus.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 68. pp 143-8,1947.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Discharge (Water),
Sewers.
A graphical method for the determination of the
discharge of rain water through sewers taking into
account the influence of the gradient and cross-sec-
tional area is described.
W69-01890
ALLOCATION OF STORM DRAINAGE COSTS,
Carl W. Porter.
Pub Works, Vol 94, No 3, pp 164-166.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Storm
runoff, 'Planning, 'Legislation, 'Flood control,
•Land use. Drainage.
Identifiers: Urban drainage.
Article is portion of 'Paper' presented at 1962
American Public Works Congress. It describes pro-
gram used in the County of Fairfax, Va. Also stales
that they are working with U.S.G.S. on a pilot pro-
gram studying 30 main streams in the County en-
deavoring to determine rainfall patterns and relate
runoff from currently developed areas to storm
water runoff. Also have an anti-siltation ordinance
with SCS Article discusses plans and ordinances
used to protect the suburban homeowner from in-
adequate drainage and also protect the
downstream property owner from flood damage
due to increased runoff from newly developed up-
stream areas.
W69-OI891
STORM WATER DRAINAGE IN THE
CHICAGO AREA,
H. P. Ramey.
ASCE Proc, J Hydr Div, Vol 85, No HY 4, Paper
No 1995, pp 11-37,1959.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff. Outlets, Storms,
'Storm drainage.
Identifiers: 'Urbandrainage, 'Chicago (III).
From a review of past and recent conditions of
flooding in the Chicago area, it is concluded that
the present outlet channels are inadequate to han-
dle the run-off during heavy storms. Possible
methods of improving the situation are indicated
and discussed.
W69-OI892
FLOODING FREQUENCIES FOR URBAN
DRAINAGE DESIGN,
E. S. Rowe, and E. D. Storr.
Australian Road Res, Vol 2, No 10, pp 24-30, Dec
1966.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Storm runoff,
'Design, Pipes, 'Drainage systems, 'Highways.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, Sydney (Australia).
Effects on expected rainfall intensity, run-off, pipe
sizes and cost, of using different flooding frequen-
cies for road drainage design are illustrated for
situation in Sydney, Australia.
W69-01893
PROGRESS REPORT (STUDY OF RATIONAL
METHOD),
JohnC. Schaake.Jr
Progress Report of the Storm Drainage Research
Project, Johns Hopkins University - Report No XI.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Storm runoff,
Storm drainage.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Calculations.
The observations of 19 gaged urban drainage areas
was used to verify or study the Rational Method.
The concentration time used was the center of
mass of the rainfall hyetograph and the runoff
hydrograph. The C-factor was determined by
plotting frequency distributions of observed rainfall
intensities and peak runoff rates on logarithmic
probability paper- Equations for concentration
time and 'C' factor are given provided the drainage
area has certain characteristics.
W69-01894
SUBURB MEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
Ayers, Lewis, Norm, and May, Ann Arbor, Mich.
R. J. Smit, R. R. Robinson, and T. W. Swift.
Water Wastes Eng, Vol 4, No 11. pp 47-9. Nov
1967.
Descriptors: 'Design, 'Sewers, 'Construction
costs. Grants.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, Intercepter sewers.
The doubling of student enrollment since World
War II at the University of Michigan has exerted
considerable pressure on living facilities in the
three surrounding areas. East Lansing. Lansing and
Meridian Township. The existing sewage treatment
plant was overloaded. The three areas negotiated
to divide the costs of a new sewage treatment plant,
new on-campus interceptors and new sewer main
construction. Design of the main sewer system is
discussed. Obstacles in planning and financing of
the undertaking are described. Lateral sewers in 12
districts were financed by bonds totalling $1.84
million. In addition some financing was available
through federal grants. The total construction costs
were about $3.8 million. It is hoped that the lessons
learned by this township government in facing the
challenge of growth will be useful to other subur-
ban communities with similar problems
W69-01895
STUDIES OF SEVERE RAINSTORMS IN IL-
LINOIS,
G. E. Stout, and F. A. Huff.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 88, No HY4, D 129
July 1962. P '
Descriptors: 'Rain gages. Watersheds, 'Storms-
Identifiers: Urban drainage.
Study included a network of 10 recording rain
gauges on a 10 sq mi urban area and investigated
distribution characteristics of heavy rainstorms
over urban watersheds for 10 year period. It was
found (1) twice as many excessive quantities occur
within a 10 mi2 area compared with a specific point
within area; (2) the percent of the 10 mi2 area ex-
periencing excessive rainfall increases with increas-
ing storm duration; (3) majority of the excessive
quantities of rainfall lasting from 30 to 24 hr occur
in the same storms; (4) although a single rain gage
records only a portion of the excessive rate occur-
rences in 10 mi2, a point rainfall record is satisfac-
tory index of frequency distribution of areal mean
rainfall; (5) urban influences, if present, are not of
practical significance in the distribution of exces-
sive quantities.
W69-01896
THE HYDROLOGY OF URBAN RUNOFF,
A. L. Tholin, and Clint J. Keifer.
ASCE Proc, J Sanit Eng Div Vol 85, No SA2 o 47
1959. p '
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships.
•Design storm, 'Land use, Sewers, 'Hydrographs!
'Design, Runoff. ^ ^
Identifiers: 'Urban hydrology.
Presented in this paper is a detailed study of rain-
a 'Design Storm' for three hours duration. Several
types of uniform land use with various values of
ground slope and depression pondage have been
studied. Based on the sewer hydrographs, a series
of 'easy-to-use' design charts are presented
W69-01897
A TIME INTERVAL DISTRIBUTION FOR EX
CESSIVE RAINFALL, **'
H. C. S. Thorn.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 85, No HY7 n M
1959. -HOJ,
Descriptors: Rainfall intensity, 'Sewers, 'Design
The methods usually used for frequency analysis of
excessive precipitation average the recurrence in.
tervals and thus obscure much useful information
for the design of sewerage systems. Additional in-
formation can be obtained however by relating
probability to recurrence interval instead of rainfall
depth, thus giving the distribution of recurrence in!
terval for a predetermined amount of rainfall.
IM
IN
PROBLEMS OF WATER
URBAN AREAS,
F. B. VeMkamp.
Commissie voor Hydrologisch Onderzoek T N O.
ycrslagen en Mcdedelingen, No 9-Verslag
Techmsche Bljeenkomst. No 18, pp 73-94 Tl
-------
URBAN HYDROLOGY—Field 10
Descriptors: 'Discharge (Water), 'Rainfall-runoff
relationships. 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Surface permeability, 'Urban
hydrology, Urban drainage.
Problems of water discharge in urban areas;
discharge is calculated from rainfall and runoff
from area of roofs, street and sidewalk surfacing*,
and backyards connected to sewer system; runoff is
TUjpnxi to be 100%; storage basins are calculated
from storms with frequency lower than once every
W69-01899
RUNOFF ESTIMATION FOR VERY SMALL
DRAINAGE AREAS,
Warren Viessman.
Water Resources Res, Vol 4, No 1, pp 87-94, Feb
1068.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Hydrographs, 'Ru-
noff forecasting. Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Identifiers: 'Urban hydrology.
Analyses of hydroiogic data from high-intensity
short-duration storms on very small drainage areas
having varying physical characteristics indicated
that a 1-minute unit hydrograph could be used as
lh£ basis for generating runoff from an effective
rainstorm input. The single parameter of the unit
hydrograph (time constant K) was shown to be re-
lated to the physical characteristics of the drainage
area. No evidence of the correlation between K and
the storm pattern was discovered. Procedures are
sjven for estimating net storm inputs.
W69-01900
THE HYDROLOGY OF SMALL IMPERVIOUS
AREAS,
W Viessman.
Water Resour Res, Vol 2, pp 405-412,1966.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Hydrographs, Rain-
feH-runorT relationships.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Urban hydrology,
Surface permeability.
A method for computing storm-water run-off from
email impervious, urban areas is described in
which consecutive 1-minute unit hydrographs are
determined for a storm and summed to provide a
uJtal outflow hydrograph. Calculations are based
onthe assumption that such areas behave as linear
reservoirs and take account of the drainage-area
lag time and losses due to depression storage. Good
aoeement was obtained between actual and com-
outed hydrographs, and peak discharges for 30
storms were predicted with an average absolute
REPORT ON THE STORM
uNAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY 1,
VXgTTO JUNE 30,1959,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Dept. Sanit. Eng. Water
Hcsour, Baltimore.
W. Viessman.
nMcriotors: 'Storm drainage, 'Runoff forecasting,
Storm runoff. Hydraulics, 'Intakes, 'Design, 'Rain
^^ K *Weirs, 'Flow measurement, 'Instrumenta-
'•Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Rainfall in-
K 'Urban hydrology, 'Urban drainage.
hi 1949, a research project was initiated in Bal-
timore Md., to solve problems connected with
Urivui storm drainage, including the development
Uaretiable method for predicting storm water run-
<2r hi the first 7 years, the hydraulic characteristics
?
-------
Field 10—URBAN HYDROLOGY
Bsed on a report compiled by Files, L. A., the
author gives a brief account, with tables and
graphs, of the 1958 rainfall intensity-duration
curves now being used in the city of Oakland,
Calif., for the design of storm sewers.
W69-01908
WATERFRONT RENEWAL IN
METROPOLITAN AREAS,
Donald F. Wood.
ASCE Proc, J Urban Planning Devel Div, Vol 93,
NoUP4,pp 199-213, Dec 1967.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, Flood control,
Water pollution control. Planning, Recreational
facilities, Storm runoff, Land use.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
Many of our urban waterfronts are blighted
because of age and conditions unique to their loca-
tion, such as vulnerability to flooding or surface
water pollution. A range of actions, from simple
clean-up to full scale clearance and relocation, can
be used to fight waterfront deterioration.
Metropolitan and basinwide approaches are
needed because frequently an individual city can-
not control what happens upstream or on the other
side of a river. Federal urban renewal programs
help to reduce the local cost. In a metropolitan
waterfront renewal program the engineer must
determine the condition of all shore line and the
costs of repairing or replacing it. New uses can be
found for old waterfront structures. Altering the
amount of shore line; providing open space and ac-
cess; reducing flood and storm damage; and renew-
ing for navigational, waterfront industrial and
recreational uses are also discussed. Providing
adequate storm drainage for the renewal area is an
important part of an improvement plan. This
drainage system could be designed to improve
drainage in a larger area than just the renewal pro-
ject and the area benefiting can share costs.
Aspects to be considered in planning include in-
creased runoff due to development upstream, old
dams, dredging of channels and winds. Some solu-
tions are offered.
W69-01909
A METHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN
FOR REGIONS OF HIGH RAINFALL INTENSI-
TY,
I. R. Wood.
Civ Eng Trans Instn Engrs, Australia, CE1, No 1, p
38, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall intensity, 'Design,
•Drainage system, 'Storm runoff, Design storm,
•Hydrographs.
Identifiers: Urban drainage, 'Surface permeability.
The author considers that the Rational Method is
unsuitable for the design of suburban drainage
systems in regions where the design intensity is so
high that run-off occurs not only from the impervi-
ous area but also from the pervious area, such as
'-wns and gardens. He suggests that a better
ethod would be to determine a design storm pat-
.-•m, subtract a loss rate curve, and translate the ex-
•ss rain into hydrograph form using overland flow
luations. The application of the method to condi-
3ns in Canberra is described. Approximations are
ggested to make it possible to use the procedure
r routine design.
'69-01910
HARVARD GULCH FLOOD CONTROL PRO-
JECT,
K. R. Wright.
ASCE-Proc (J Irrigation and Drainage Div), Vol
93, NoIRI, paper 5132, pp 15-32, March 1967.
Descriptors: 'Flood control, 'Model studies, In-
takes, 'Design, Construction.
Identifiers: 'Urban hydrology.
Planning, design, and construction of major urban
flood control project is presented; emplasis -s
placed on flood hydrology investigations used as
basis for sizing of culverts, open channels, and
structures; information is given on model testing of
inlet structure to assure control of rate of flood
waters entering outfall culvert; techniques for
designing open channels, both concrete and grass-
lined, are described; underflow pipes were used to
carry normal low flows; planning of construction
schedule by design engineer is described, together
with methods of construction and results of al-
ternate bids for large diameter concrete pipe and
concrete box culvert.
W69-01911
11. RAINFALL - RUNOFF
RELATIONSHIP
SOLUTION TO SURFACE RUNOFF PROBLEM,
A. Y. Abdel-Razaq, W. Viessman, Jr., and J. W.
Hernandez.
ASCE Proc, J Hydraulics Div, Vol 93, No HY6,
Paper 5606, pp 335-52, Nov 1967.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, Runoff, Surface ru-
noff.
Surface runoff hydrographs are computed by rela-
tively simple method consisting of reducing govern-
ing partial differential equations to ordinary dif-
ferential equations at several nodal points along
flow plane; these equations are then solved for time
derivatives which are used in Taylor's series to ap-
proximate velocity and depth after increment in
time; comparison with experimental data shows
that runoff hydrographs were reproduced fairly ac-
curately; numerical solution was shown to be stable
and truncation errors negligible.
W69-01572
OF
HYDROLOGICAL
PROBLEMS
FORECASTS.
Studii Hidrol, Inst Studii Cere Hidroteh, Vol 13,
1965.208pp. 2 tab.
Descriptors: 'Runoff forecasting, 'Hydrographs,
Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: Roumania.
This publication contains the full text of 5 papers
on the prediction of run-off and stream flow with
special reference to conditions in Roumania.
Aspects considered include the short-range
forecasting of run-off by the trend method;
forecasting of hydrographs of floods caused by
precipitation, using the isochrones method;
forecasting of mean discharges in the Danube over
periods of 10 and 5 years, based on the water
resources in the drainage area; short-range
forecasting of discharges in the rivers Somes,
Mures, Jiu, Olt, and Siret, based on water resources
in the drainage area; and short-range forecasting of
freezing and the breaking-up of ice on Roumanian
rivers.
W69-01573
RESEARCH REPORT OF THE CITY AND
GUILDS COLLEGE, 1961-64.
Imperial College of Science and Technology, (U-
niversity of London).
HOp.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships. Com-
puter programs. Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
This report includes sections on engineering
hydrology (pp. 53-54) and public health engineer-
ing (p. 54). Studies on surface waters have in-
cluded the flood response of a river to rainfall,
propagation of a flood wave along a river,
mechanism of run-off from an artificial catchment
receiving 'rain' from a sprinkler, design of a net-
work of hydrometric stations, and the use of
modem techniques, including digital and analogue
computers, to analyse hydrological data and in-
vestigate the relations between rainfall and run-off
A mathematical study was made of the flow of ir-
rigation and rain water to horizontal tube drains
and the mathematics of diffusion were applied to
the description of unsteady flow of ground water
Studies were also made on the relation between
hydrology and water demand, particularly for ir-
rigation, and on the management and planning of
water resources, including the design and operation
of storage reservoirs. In connexion with water and
sewage treatment, model and prototype studies
were made on the mixing characteristics of
horizontal-flow sedimentation tanks, and work on
mixed-bed filtration led to the development of an
efficient graded filter with layers of polystyrene
anthracite, sand and garnet, the strata being graded
so that they retain their relative positions during
back-washing and so that the pore space decreases
in the direction of flow, with consequent deeper
penetration of removable material.
W69-01574
ON STRUCTURE OF COAXIAL GRAPHICAL
RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS,
A. Becker.
Int. Assn Sci Hydrology-Bui, Vol 11, No 2, no 121
30, June 1966.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Rain-
fall intensity.
This paper, supported by investigations into ex-
treme conditions and events—i.e., moisture-over-
saturated river basin, threshold concept, instan-
taneous rainfall and rainfall of extreme amount--
supplies general information on structure of coaxial
graphical rainfall-runoff relations and on physical
laws primarily controlling shape of curves in in-
dividual quadrants of coaxial relations.
W69-OI575
CONCEPTION OF A MODEL FOR DETERMIN-
ING THE LAWS OF RAIN DISCHARGE RELA-
TIONS,
A. Becker.
Wasserwirtsch-Wassertech, Vol 18, No I on If.
21,Jan 1968. W °"
Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships. Flow measurement, 'Surface runoff. Ru-
noff forecasting.
Rain discharge relations, especially on the surface
of rivers, play a significant role in the forecasting of
floods, because they make it possible to achieve a
maximum time advance in making the forecasts. A
model is developed (based on unit territorial and
rain relations) to deduce the rain discharge rela-
tionships from threshold values and other simple
quantities. An example is given for which - on the
basis of favorable conditions - an approximate
determination of the surface water retention was
possible by considering the surface water states at
two representative measuring stations.
W69-01S76
SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN
RAINFALL-RUNOFF ESTIMATION,
F.C.Bell.
Instn Engrs, Australia-J, Vo) 38, No 3, DO 37-47
March 1966. -HP •>'«/.
Descriptors: Rainfall intensity, 'Computer pro-
grams, 'Rainfall-runoff relationships. 'Model stu
dies.
Advances in estimating streamflow from given
quantities of rainfall that were made by simulatim!
hydrological phenomena with high-speed comnu
ters are surveyed; it is shown that some of those
techniques are based on rather artificial models of
physical processes and could give poor predictions
for extreme or uncommon conditions; individual
processes are studied and it is suggested that most
models could be improved.
W69-01577
50
-------
RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP—Field 11
EFFECT OF SNOW COMPACTION ON RU-
lioFF FROM RAIN OR SNOW,
U S Bur Reclamation-Eng Monographs, No 35,
June 1966.45 p.
Descriptors: 'Runoff, 'Snowmelt, Design storm,
•Rain.
Computational procedure for determining water
available for runoff and its time of occurrence
resulting from rain-on-fresh-snow condition;
procedure includes estimate of shrinkage of snow
pack caused by metamorphosis of crystalline struc-
ture with addition of rainfall; examples are given
showing use of procedure with assumed design
storm conditions; procedure is used to reproduce
observed flood which verifies accuracy of method
and assumptions and is intended for use in inflow
design flood study in which design rain occurs on
fresh snowpack.
W69-01578
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR RELATING
RUNOFF TO RAINFALL WITH DAILY DATA,
W. C. Boughton.
Civ Ens Trans, Inst Engrs Australia, Vol CE8, No
l.pp 85-97,1966.
Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, Rain gages.
The author describes the development and use of a
mathematical model to simulate the changes of
moisture in a catchment using daily rainfalls and
evaporation records as data; the principal physical
processes reproduced in the model, namely,
evapotranspiration losses, soil moisture storage,
andinfiltration losses, are discussed. The model has
been used with records from 6 gauged catchments
in New South Wales, and showed reasonable cor-
relation between recorded and estimated run-offs;
the results also suggested a possible explanation of
the difference in infiltration rates between plot ex-
periments and natural catchments.
W69-01579
. TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF RUN-OFF
HYDKOGRAPHS,
n L Brakensiek.
j Hydrol, Vol 5, pp 21-32,1967.
Descriptors: *Hydrographs, 'Runoff, 'Computer
programs.
A single function, based on a transformation of the
Pearson type III equation, was used to fit simple
hvdrographs, provision being made for the inde-
pendent evaluation of discharges for the rising and
Sling limbs. Fitting principles, including those for
computer use, are discussed and detailed, and a
Fortran II source programme written for an IBM
1620 computer is listed. Using an on-line plotter,
calculated hydrograph points were compared
visually with observed curves.
W69-OI580
UNIT GRAPHS FOR NONUNIFORM RAINFALL
BtsrnuBirnoN,
I A Bull.
ASCE-PROC, J Hydraulics Div, Vol 94, No HYI.
piper 5762, pp 235-57, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: Drainage, 'Runoff, 'Hydrographs.
Correlation between Snyder's basin constants Ct
nd 646 Cp and basin physical characteristics of
drainage area, total length, average slope length to
center of area, and elongation is established using
synthetic data; actual data are used lo compensate
for discrepancies introduced through initial use of
synthetic data; effects of nonuniform rainfall dis-
tribution on basin runoff hydrographs is
represented by unit graph, selected from three
computed for each basin; compulation formulas
are presented to define each of three basin unit
graphs; dimensionless unit graph is introduced for
more accurate definition of rising and falling links
of each unit graph.
W69-01S81
RELATION OF ANNUAL RUNOFF TO
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS,
M. W. Busby.
U S Geol Survey-Prof Paper 501-C, p C188-9,
1964.
Descriptors: Runoff, 'Runoff forecasting, Rainfall-
runoff relationships.
Average annual runoff at 62 selected stations
throughout conterminous United States was related
to nine meteorological factors as recorded at U S
Weather Bureau first-order weather station near
each point of runoff study; seven of these factors
were significant at 80% level or higher; on basis of
these seven factors, standard error of estimate of
average annual runoff is about 30%.
W69-01582
RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS IN THE
UPPER GOULBURN RIVER CATCHMENT,
N.S.W.,
T. G. Chapman.
Civ Eng Trans, Inst Engrs, Vol CE5, pp 25-35, Aug
1963.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Rain
gages, 'Storm runoff, 'Groundwater recharge,
'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
The author describes the methods developed to
determine the relation between rainfall and run-off
in the Upper Goulburn river catchment in New
South Wales, a large catchment for which records
of stream flow and daily rainfall were available but
there were no data on rainfall intensity. The net-
work of official rain gauges was supplemented by
records from privately-operated instruments; these
had a slightly lower standard of consistency but
were of adequate quality for use in the analysis.
Linear regression techniques were used to estimate
mean winter and summer rainfalls for each station
for a common 50-year period; isohyetal maps for
mean seasonal rainfalls were then developed by
correlating the estimated rainfall for each station
with its altitude and a third variable dependent on
topography or location. About 75 per cent of the
variation in rainfall was accounted for in this way,
compared with 37 per cent when altitude was the
only variable. The stream-flow record was used to
estimate, within wide limits, the meun annual
recharge to ground water and to calculate the
direct run-off from 242 storms in 47 years. The
relation between rainfall and run-off was developed
by multiple regression analysis, which was first used
to compare the efficiency of different predictors of
rainfall intensity and catchment dryness.
W69-01583
LABORATORY STUDY OF WATERSHED
HYDROLOGY,
V. T. Chow.
Paper, Int Hydro! Symp, Fort Collins, Colo, Sept
1967, U of Illinois, Urbana. 14 p, 3 fig, 7 ref.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
•Watersheds, 'Storm runoff, 'Model studies,
'Computer programs, 'Roughness (Hydraulic),
Discharge (Water).
A conventional approach to study the rainfall-ru-
noff relationship of a watershed uses historical
hydrologic data to fit a black-box model for simula-
tion of watershed hydrologic behavior. Although
many measurements of rainfall input and runoff
output from watersheds arc available, no general
theory explaining the course of flow mechanics
from input to output exists. The proposed laborato-
ry approach investigates basic laws and principles
controlling mechanics of runoff from a watershed.
It employs a watershed experimentation system
(WES) as a tool for the research. The WES is an in-
strumentation system of integrated hydraulic, elec-
tronic, and structural design that can produce an
artificial rainfall of variable time and space dis-
tribution to move over a laboratory area of 40 by
40 ft or less; thus, it is capable of simulating a storm
moving in any direction over a testing drainage
basin constructed within the area. The experiment
is controlled electronically by a digital computer,
and output runoff is measured by sonar detectors
which transmit information to the computer for im-
mediate recording and analysis. Various problems
being studied include the time factor in runoff
process, conceptual watershed roughness, and ef-
fect of storm movement on peak discharges. The
WES also may be used to study subsurface runoff
by employing testing basins made of porous materi-
als.
W69-01584
SEQUENTIAL GENERATION OF RAINFALL
AND RUNOFF DATA,
V. T. Chow, and S. Ramaseshan.
ASCE Proc, J Hydr Div, Vol 91, No HY 4, Pt I,
paper 4416, pp 205-23, July 1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Drainage systems.
'Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Practical procedure is demonstrated by applying
sequential generation techniques to rainfall and ru-
noff data for stochastic, hydrological analysis of
drainage basin systems; in this method, stochastic
process is formulated by several major components
including hourly annual storm rainfalls, abstrac-
tions, routing model, baseflow. direct runoff, and
total runoff: 1000 annual storms are generated
sequentially by Monte Carlo methods and then
routed through simulated basin system to produce
1000 generated floods which are represented by
stochastic flow-duration curves for use in water
resources planning and design.
W69-01585
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HYDROLOGIC CY-
CLE,
N. H. Crawford, and R. K. Linsley.
Int Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Soc for Sci
Hydrology Pub, No 63, pp 573-87,1964.
Descriptors: 'Model studies, 'Watersheds,
'Hydrographs, Groundwater. 'Storm runoff. Ruin-
fall-runoff relationships, 'Computer programs.
Model called Stanford Watershed Model (Mark II)
utilizes hourly ordinates of hydrograph during and
immediately after rain and mean daily ordinates for
interim periods; print-out includes monthly and an-
nual flow, monthly groundwater runoff, end of
month soil moisture, and flow duration curve of
daily runoff; model includes among its components
surface, interflow, and groundwatcr runoff; model
has been tested on basins embracing variety of cli-
mate, hydrologic, and geologic conditions.
W69-01586
DISCHARGE FROM HEAVY RAINFALL,
E. E. Dawson.
Proc Inst Civ Engrs, Vol 25, pp 373-374,1963.
Descriptors: 'Discharge (Water), 'Rainfall-runoff
relationships.
In connexion with previous work on discharge from
heavy rainfall, further studies have shown that no
serious error was introduced by treating the flow us
uniform (whereas the flow on the ideal catchment
would be non-uniform) provided that the
catchment was not very small.
W69-01587
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE UNIFORMITY
OF RELATION BETWEEN GROUND WATER
AND RAINFALL OVER PROLONGED PERIODS
51
-------
Field 11 -RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP
AND THE POSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING
GROUND WATER LEVELS WITH SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION OF DRY PERIODS,
J. Dennei.
DtGewasserk Mitt, Vol 9, pp 73-85,1965.
Descriptors: *Groundwater, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships.
Identifiers: Calculations.
A report, including tabulated and graphical results,
is given of extensive studies carried out in 6 Ger-
man towns at varying intervals over a period of 54
years on the distribution of rainfall and run-off, ef-
fective precipitation and temperature and stream
flow. The effect of these characteristics on the
response of the water table and their relation to cli-
matic changes are discussed; it was found that the
water table tends to respond to rainfall in a charac-
teristic pattern, making it possible to predict short-
term changes in the ground-water level allowing for
weather forecasts and dry weather periods. From
these findings standard values for high medium low
and very low rainfall are derived.
W69-01S88
LIMITING FACTORS ON RAINFALL RUN-OFF,
L. B. Escritt.
Engr, London, Vol 213,1962.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Storm
runoff. Storms, 'Rainfall intensity. Design, Sewage
treatment, 'Runoff forecasting.
Identifiers: 'Surface permeability.
When sewerage systems are being designed, the
volume of storm water is often over-estimated
because no allowance is made for change of im-
permeability during rainfall. In addition, in large
catchment areas, heavy storms frequently cover
only part of the total catchment, and when run-off
is calculated by relating statistics of frequency, in-
tensity and duration of rainfall to impermeable area
by a time-of-concentration method, the flow may
be considerably over-estimated. The author sug-
gests methods for allowing for the change of im-
permeability during rainfall and for assessing the
maximum areas likely to be covered by storms.
W69-01589
RAINFALLS OF SHORT DURATION AND
HIGH INTENSITY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO BIL-
HAJVTS FORMULA,
L. B. Escritt.
Water Waste Treatment J, Vol 7,1960.
Descriptors: "Rainfall intensity. Design, 'Surface
runoff, 'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Storm sewers.
In connection with the design of surface water
; .wen, the author rii«cuw* the use of Bilham's for-
• ula for rainfalls of short duration and high intensi-
:., and presents a modified general intensity formu-
.-.- derived from logarithmic plotting based on Bil-
im's formula.
69-01590
ATER AND WASTE-WATER ENGINEERING.
L WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE-WATER
REMOVAL,
G. M. Fair, J. C. Geyer. and D. A. Okun.
New York, Wiley, 1966. 1246 p.
Descriptors: Design, Sewers, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships. Surface runoff, Groundwater, Equip-
ment.
Identifiers: 'Storage tanks.
This book is based on a previous publication
produced in 1954 and is designed to help students
of civil and sanitary engineering to understand the
principles of water supply and waste disposal.
Chapters are included on water-supply and
sewerage systems; information analysis; water
requirements and volume* of sewage; relations
between rainfall and runoff and the control and
storage of runoff; flow and collection of ground
water and surface water; transmission and distribu-
tion of water; collection of sewage; design and
operation of machinery and equipment; optimiza-
tion techniques; and carrying out of engineering
projects. Information and conversion factors are
given in an appendix, and a bibliography and sub-
ject index are included.
W69-01S91
DETERMINATION OF THE MELT-WATER
FLOW FROM THE WATER RESOURCES OF
THE SNOW COVER,
RJ.Grasnick.
Wasserwirtsch-Wassertech, Vol 17, No 9, pp 302-
306, Sept 1967.
Descriptors: 'Snowmelt, 'Runoff.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
With the aid of several statistical methods, an at-
tempt was made to work out a prognosis for the
melt-water run-off (as well as the total run-off at
peak values) in some river areas of the German
Democratic Republic showing various physical and
geographical conditions. The investigation made
use only of observation data published in the
meteorological and hydrologies! annuals. Although
this material, especially that about the snow cover,
did not permit the desired fully complex statistical
evaluation, nevertheless, it was possible to find cer-
tain regularities in the relationship between the
water resource and run-off. The report contains
results of a differential analysis of special snow in-
vestigations carried out in Spring 1965 and the
author's suggestions on how to improve observa-
tion of the snow cover.
W69-OI592
COMPUTING RUNOFF FROM SMALL
WATERSHEDS,
C. L. Hamilton.
Pub Works, Vol 96, No 8, pp 106-8, Aug 1965.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Rainfall intensity.
Watersheds.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Use of summation *W' method for estimating ru-
noff from small watersheds, with *W' standing for
relative valves of certain physical watershed
characteristics that are summed up to obtain
preliminary estimate of peak discharge; rainfall fac-
tor was developed to make adjustment in rainfall
intensity as it varies throughout United States in
reference to intensity chosen as standard; sample
computation is presented to illustrate application
of method; data on runoff-producing charac-
teristics of watershed with corresponding weights.
W69-01593
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TYPE REPRESENTA-
TION OF HYDROLOGICAL DATA,
A. A. Hirsch.
AWWA-J, Vol 56, No 7, p 937, July 1964.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Data
collections.
Three-dimensional method of presenting tune-re-
lated values for data related to rainfall, stream-
flows, water levels, etc. so that 1-yr graphs can be
compared over periods of many years; method
whereby yearly curves are cut-out, laminated in
clear plastic, and mounted in plots on baseboard,
for furnishing easily comprehensible volume of
data in compressed form.
W69-OI9I2
ANALYSES AND APPLICATION OF SIMPLE
HYDROGRAPHS,
H. N. Holtan. and D. E. Overton.
J Hydrology. Vol 1, No 3, pp 250-64,1963.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, 'Watersheds, 'Raja-
fall intensity, Storms.
Method of hydrograph analyses to derive parame-
ters for computing hydrographs tailored to specific
watersheds and specific rainstorms; simple hydro-
graphs are analyzed to develop techniques for rapid
derivation of watershed storage coefficient, and
subsequently, for defining and positioning hydro-
graph in terms of storage coefficient and rainfall in-
tensity period; simple hydrographs are developed
by these techniques for storm increments or for
homogeneous increments of heterogeneous
watersheds, and summated to derive complex, mul-
tiple-peak, or sustained-flow hydrographs.
W69-01913
RAINSTORMS MADE TO ORDER,
L. Arthur Hoyt.
Pub Works, Vol 99, No 3, pp 95-98, March 1968.4
p, 1 fig. 2 photo.
Descriptors: 'Computer programs, 'Storms.
'Rainfall intensity, Watersheds, 'Storm runoff.
A computer controlled rainfall simulator has been
developed by Ven Te Chow of the University of Il-
linois to produce artificial rainstorms. The simula-
tor can develop storms of any intensity pattern, re-
peat them at any interval desired over all,types of
terrain, and measure runoff from the terrain with
given conditions of absorption and other parame-
ters, to an accuracy never before obtainable. The
rainfall can be released over any part, or all, of a
40- by 40-ft artificial terrain. Types of storms are
programmed and stored on computer tape so they
can be started, stopped, or repeated at will. The
terrain simulated can range from lush water basin
areas to arid desert. Water runoff is accurately
measured. Major objective of the entire study is to
investigate basic laws of flow mechanics of surface
water over artificial watersheds. Descriptions of the
electronic simulator and operation of major com-
ponents are given.
W69-019I4
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY STORM
RAINFALLS IN ILLINOIS, ^^
F. A. Huff.
Water Resources Res, Vol 4, No 1, pp 47-54 FcK
1968. °
Descriptors: 'Storms, Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, Illinois.
An 11 -year continuous record from 49 recorduM
rain gages on 400 square miles in central Illinois
has been used to derive characteristic area-depth
relations in heavy rainstorms for storm periodsof
30 minutes to 48 hours on areas of 50, 100, 200.
and 400 square miles. First, eight general equations
were statistically tested to determine the most ap-
propriate fitting method for the area-depth curve*
Over-all, an equation relating rainfall depth to £
square root of the area received the highest score
However, the equation that fit best was found to
vary with area! size, mean rainfall, and storm dura-
tion, which, in turn, reflected general trends in rdfe
live variability and skewness of the rainfall spatial
distribution. Because of the high degree of via-
bility in the area-depth relation between stormT
the analytical results have been presented as probaw
bility distributions for given sets of conditions with
respect to area, storm duration, and rsjnfal
volume. Thus, the user is provided with both
average curves and curves applicable to more ex
treme patterns of storm rainfall.
W69-OI9I5
TIME DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL Mi
HEAVY STORMS, ****• °*
F. A. Huff.
Water Resources Res, Vol 3, No 4, p 1007 l%7
iscriptors: 'Storms, Rainfall intensity
:ntifiers: 'Calculations, Illinois.
Descri
Ide
-------
RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP—Field 11
Time distribution relations have been developed
for heavy storms on areas ranging up to 400 square
miles and presented in probability terms to provide
quantitative information on interstorm variability
id to provide average and extreme relations for
various applications of the findings. It was found
that the relations could be represented best by
relating per cent of storm rainfall to per cent of
total storm time and grouping the data according to
the quartile in which rainfall was heaviest. The in-
dividual effects of mean rainfall, storm duration,
and other storm factors were small and erratic in
behavior when the foregoing analytical technique
was used. Basin area had a small but consistent ef-
fect upon the time distribution. The derived rela-
tions are applicable to the Midwest and other areas
of similar climate and topography. They can be
used in conjunction with published information on
spatial distributions and other storm parameters to
construct storm models for hydrologic applica-
-
W69-01916
MSSU-ATIVE RIVER FLOW MODEL,
D R. Jackson.
J Hydrology, Vol 6, No 1, pp 33-44, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Model studies. Rivers, Runoff.
Derivation and solution of second order differential
equation of river system is presented; model as-
sumes routing rainfall excess through series of re-
atave and dissipative elements; some suggestions
for fitting model to actual data are presented; com-
oarison is made with other models.
W69-01917
CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE OF RAIN
DITCHES AND RAINFALL COLLECTING
SYSTEMS,
G Jeuffroy, and J. Prunieras.
Construction, Vol 19,No l,pp21-9,Jan 1964.
Descriptors: 'Discharge (Water), 'Storm drains,
Rivers, Runoff forecasting.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Calculation of discharge of rain ditches and rainfall
collecting systems; method for calculating maximal
flow of ditch or surface channel bordering elon-
gated area, taking into account local meteorologi-
cal factors and discharge rate of drainage system;
variable discharge rate is stated by equation with
partial derivatives where integration provides sim-
ple solution for flow at arbitrary time and point;
theory applicable to flood levels on rivers.
W69-OI918
RAINFALL AS AFFECTING FLOW IN
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
C C. Judson.
Sum Vol 84, Nos 2168, 2169, 2170, pp 119-20,
141-3.163-5, Aug 11,18, and 25,1933.
Descriptors. 'Rainfall intensity, 'Runoff, 'Sewers,
Flow measurement. Storms.
Documon of principal rainfall factors; area of
watershed, intensity of rainfall; time of concentra-
tion; area-time diagrams; methods of calculating
run-off; author's method; possible economics.
W69-OI919
RETARDATION OF DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC
WATERS WITHIN THE AREA OF A COMMU-
NITY,
W Kadner.
Gas-Wasserfach, Vol 109,No6,pp 158-159,1968.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Overflow, 'Rainfall-
runoff relationships. Design, 'Drainagesystems.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers,
Urban drainage.
Public waters often serve as the unloading place for
rainwater overflows of mixed sewer systems or
rainwater mains of separate systems. In sizing such
streams, it is difficult to follow the usual cor-
responding methods for town drainage and Kehr's
rainwater run-off diagram does not permit the
determination of maximum run-off any more. It is
claimed that the method described has the ad-
vantage of permitting the determination of run-off
at any point in the stream and thus, also, of the
respective design flow. Moreover, it makes it possi-
ble to add new drainage areas and to determine the
volume of the permissible maximum amount and to
make corrections for the developed progress line
without too much effort.
W69-01920
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION
OF THE DIMENSIONS OF RAIN STORAGE
TANKS,
W. Kadner.
Gesundheits-lng,Vol88,pp 124-127,1967.
Descriptors: Rainfall intensity, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Combined sewers, 'Storage tanks,
'Capacity, 'Calculations.
The author compares two methods, the Muller-
Neuhaus and the Randolf, for the determination of
suitable dimensions for storm-water storage tanks
in combined sewerage systems. He stresses the im-
portance of determining a progression from obser-
vations of rainfall in the place concerned and of
referring to this in the calculations; those made for
the town of Karlsruhe, Germany, are given as an
example, with tables and graphs. No significant dif-
ference was found between the results obtained by
the two methods, but the Randolf method is more
suitable when a series of tanks is to be used.
W69-01921
HYDROLOGICAL AND EFFICIENCY IN-
VESTIGATION METHOD IN CONNECTION
WITH ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT
RATE OF SURFACE DRAINAGE,
G. Kienitz.
Int Commission on Irrigation and Drainage-5th
Cong, Tokyo-Trans, Vol 3, pp 15.495-504,1963.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, Rainfall-runoff
relationships, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: 'Capacity.
Investigations were carried out to establish what
channel flood-waves would develop in catchment
areas as result of precipitation, depending on
discharge capacity of drainage system.
W69-OI922
MEASURING RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF AT
ATORM-WATER INLETS,
J. W. Knapp, J. C. Schaake, and W. Viessman.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 89, No HY5, p 99,
1963.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships, 'Rain
gages, Intakes, Instrumentation, 'Automatic con-
trol. Storms, 'Runoff, 'Storm runoff.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage.
An illustrated description is given of an instrument
system which has been developed to measure rain-
fall and run-off in small urban drainage areas drain-
ing to storm-water inlets. The system includes a
rain gauge on each area, a measuring device inside
the inlets, a recorder, and controls providing auto-
matic operation during storms. The installation can
be completed with few alterations to existing
drainage facilities.
W69-OI923
LINEAR ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF
RELATIONSHIP,
V. C. Kulandaiswamy.
Instn Engrs (India )-J, Vol 46, No 11, pt Ci 6, pp
594-603. July 1966.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
'Hydrographs.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Study of relationship between rainfall excess and
surface runoff by treating rainfall excess as 'inflow
to' and surface runoff as 'outflow from' basin, and
assuming relationship to be linear; using Laplace
transform method, expression is derived for instan-
taneous unit hydrograph; various assumptions un-
derlying existing instantaneous unit hydrograph
theories and approximations made in their develop-
ment are explained.
W69-01924
A BASIC STUDY OF THE RAINFALL EXCESS-
SURFACE RUN-OFF RELATIONSHIP IN A
BASIN SYSTEM,
V. C. Kulandaiswamy.
Thesis, Univ of Illinois, 1964.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
'Hydrographs, Drainage, Storms, 'Surface runoff.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
After reviewing various instantaneous unit hydro-
graph theories, the author develops a general
theory for the relation between rainfall and run-off
in a drainage basin. An equation is first derived for
storage in the basin, and this equation is then com-
bined with the equation of continuity to give the
differential equation for the system. The theory is
valid for both linear and non-linear cases. Storms
over 6 natural basins were analysed to verify the
theory; the storage and surface run-off computed
agreed well with observed values.
W69-01925
AN INVESTIGATION INTO INFILTRATION
AND INTERCEPTION RATES DURING STORM
RAINFALLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO
FLOOD PREDICTION,
Allan O.Lambert.
J Instn of Water Engrs, Vol 21, No 6, pp 525-35,
Aug 1967.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships.
'Hydrographs, 'Runoff forecasting, Flood
forecasting.
An investigation was made into the relationship
between combined infiltration and interception
rates during periods of heavy rainfall and factors
representing various soil-moisture conditions. The
hydrometric data were obtained from a catchment
area of 18.5 sq miles in South Lancashire. A flood
analysis method capable of predicting direct run-
off in hourly intervals was developed. This method,
combined with the use of unit hydrographs, pro-
vided accurate predictions of both the magnitude
and temporal distribution of the river hydrographs.
W69-02242
STORAGE ROUTING METHODS OF FLOOD
ESTIMATION,
E. M. Laurenson.
Instn Engr, Australia-Civ Eng Trans, Vol Ce 7, No
1. pp 39-47. April 1965.
Descriptors: 'Flood forecasting. 'Model studies.
* Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Estimation of floods resulting from rain storms on
catchment areas by means of routing rainfall-ex-
cess through computational model representing
catchment storage is discussed; main methods and
concepts necessary to understanding and use of
new storage routing technique are reviewed;
several concepts are illustrated in example of appli-
cation.
W69-02243
A CATCHMENT STORAGE MODEL FOR RUN-
OFF ROUTING,
E. M. Laurenson.
J Hydro). Vol 2, pp 141-163,1964.
S3
-------
Field 11 —RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP
Descriptors: *Surface runoff, *Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships, 'Model studies, Discharge (Water),
'Hydrographs, Storms.
To determine the surface run-off resulting from
rainfall-excess a catchment storage model was
developed by dividing the area into sections of
equal storage delay time. Run-off was routed
through the catchment by taking the outflow from
a section plus the rainfall-excess as the inflow to the
next section. The average delay time was shown to
be equal to the lag for a catchment, and an empiri-
cal relation was determined between the lag and
the mean discharge for a particular flood. The
procedure was applied to storm data recorded at
the University of New South Wales, South Creek
experimental catchment, and the results were com-
pared graphically with actual surface run-off
hydrographs. Satisfactory agreement was obtained
except in cases where the hydrograph rise was
small.
W69-02244
ROLE OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN
HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING AND
ANALYSES,
J. P. McCallister.
Int Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Sec for Sci
Hydrology Publ, No 63, pp 68-76,1964. 3 charts.
Descriptors: 'Computer programs, 'Rainfall-ru-
noff relationships, *Runoff forecasting, Hydro-
graphs.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Major goal of river forecasting computer model is
to conserve as much continuity as possible between
forecaster and his forcast product; computer will
provide mathematically exact computation; four
hydrologic subroutines required to develop
forecast program are rainfall-runoff computation,
unit graph computation, stream flow routing and
reservoir routing.
W69-02245
VARIATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFICIENT,
K J. Mawson.
NZEng,Voll4, 38, 1959.
Descriptors: 'Drainage system, 'Storm runoff,
'Runoff forecasting. Storms, 'Rainfall intensity,
Design.
Identifiers: 'Urban drainage, 'Wellington (N.Z.).
At Wellington, N.Z., for about 30 years, storm-
water drainage systems have been designed
satisfactorily on the basis of the runoff-estimated
by the rational method, which assumes that the
highest peak flows from small catchments are
produced by storms of the short-duration, high-in-
tensity type, and generally makes no provision for
prolonged falls of relatively low intensity. Data on
the rainfall and floods in the residential suburb of
Karori and in the bush-covered Wainui water-
supply catchment area are presented and discussed
with particular reference to the behavior of the
run-on coefficient. It is concluded that the short-
period high-intensity type of storm does not
produce peak floods as high as those attained in
longer storms of more moderate intensity, and that
the rational method is valid for designing drainage
systems for the prolonged type of storm. The run-
off coefficient can be calculated with reasonable
accuracy by the method in the 'Provisional Stan-
dard' of the Soil Conservation and Rivers Control
Council, N. Z.
W69-02246
RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION: DISTRIBU-
TION IN SPACE AND TIME,
P. J. Meade.
J Inst Water Eng, Vol 21, No 3, pp 210-215, May
1967.
Descriptors: 'Rain gages, 'Data collections,
'Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: Urban drainage.
The Meteorological Office is undertaking intensive
research into the problems of the measurement,
collection, and analysis of data on rainfall and sub-
sequent evaporation to use in future planning of
both water resources and water disposal. Water
disposal problems requiring an accurate analysis of
rainfall data include: urban drainage, roof
drainage, protection of dams, embankments for
railways and roads, etc. However, meteorologists
are aware of another set of problems which must be
attacked with determination if a comprehensive
service of information and advice is to be provided
in this field. These problems are concerned with
the forecasting of rainfall, the time of onset, the du-
ration, and the quantity that will fall; they range
over a wide area of meteorology from the physics
of clouds to the large-scale movements of the
general circulation of the atmosphere.
W69-02247
EFFECTS OF CLIMATOLOGIC AND BASIN
CHARACTERISTICS ON ANNUAL RUN-OFF,
S. E. Mustonen.
Wat Resour Res, Vol 3,pp 123-130,1967.
Descriptors: 'Runoff forecasting, Surface runoff.
Identifiers: 'Calculations, Surface permeability,
Finland.
Regression analysis was used to select climatologi-
cal and basin characteristics affecting the annual
run-off in Finland. Seasonal precipitation and mean
annual temperature were found to be much more
important than basin characteristics such as soil
type and vegetation; frost depth was inversely re-
lated to run-off; while percentage areas of cul-
tivated land and peat land were not significant fac-
tors. The statistical methods used are explained and
discussed.
W69-02248
THE ROLE OF PARAMETRIC HYDROLOGY,
University College, Galway, Ireland.
J. E. Nask.
Instn Water Eng J, Vol 21, No 5, pp 435-474 July,
196725ref.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
'Hydrographs, Storm runoff, Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Parametric hydrology is defined and its advantages,
uses and techniques are described. The rational
method is briefly described. A method of graphical
correlation of observed volumes of storm run-off to
the amounts and duration of rainfall and conditions
in the basin at the time of the storm is described.
The unit hydrograph method of measuring the dis-
tribution of run-off in time is presented. Equations
and parameters are developed for this method
based on basin characteristics and other variables.
Conceptual models and hydrologic frequency are
discussed. A lengthy discussion follows the paper.
W69-02249
STUDY OF R R L HYDROGRAPH METHOD OF
DESIGNING SEWER SYSTEMS,
E. G. W. Oliver.
Chartered Mun Engr, Vol 90, No 12, pp 377-82,
Dec 1963.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, 'Design, 'Sewers,
Rainfall intensity, Outlets.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Hydrograph method of design considers changing
situation over drainage area and in network of
sewers at equal intervals of time, usually of one
minute; calculation reflects minute-by-minute
variation in contributing area, rainfall intensity and
volume of water stored; flow diagram, or hydro-
graph, is evaluated and rate of flow at outfall is
shown after each minute; comparison is made with
conventional rational method.
W69-02250
METHODS OF DETERMINING SURFACE DIS-
TRIBUTION OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALLS,
J. Petrlik.
Int Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Sec for Sci
Hydrology Publ No 65 pp 303-8,1964.
Descriptors: Rain gages, 'Rainfall intensity, Sur-
face runoff.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Investigation of surface distribution of heavy rain-
falls in area of four largest towns in Czechoslovakia
using rain gaging data of 25 yr period 1925-1949;
two basic characteristics determined for rainfalls
were relation between maximum intensity of total
rainfall in mm/min and its duration in place of max-
imum intensity in minute; equation of horizontally
diminishing intensity of heavy rainfalls was deter-
mined empirically.
W69-02251
COMPARISON OF SOME FORMULAS FOR
DETERMINING THE SNOW MELT (PRELIMI-
NARY RESULTS),
N. Rachner.
Wasserwirtsch-Wassertech, Vol 18, No 1, pp 10-
12, Jan 1968.
Descriptors: *Snowmelt, 'Runoff forecasting,
•Discharge (Water), Flood control.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Run-off forecasts, especially the snow-melt water
discharge prognoses, gain continuing significance
in flood prevention and water management. To
present a survey of possible methods and, simul-
taneously, to show the order of magnitude of om-
missions pertaining to the simpler methods, a selec-
tion and comparison of various formulas found in
the literature is made. The statements are illus-
trated by examples.
W69-02252
SURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY OF
CALIFORNIA COASTAL BASINS BETWEEN
SAN FRANCISCO BAY AND EEL RIVER,
S. E. Rantz, and T. H. Thompson.
U S Geol Survey-Water Supply Paper 1851, 1967.
60 pp, map.
Descriptors: 'Surface runoff, Planning.
Identifiers: California.
Hydrologic information for use in project planning
by California Department of Water Resources and
other water agencies operating in State; study of ru-
noff regimen indicates that, for any stream, there is
close relationship between flow-duration curve and
frequency curves for low flows of various dura-
tions; magnitude and frequency of high flows, f°r
durations ranging from 1 day to 274 days, were
analyzed by method that closely paralleled that
used in flood-frequency study.
W69-02253
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLUME DIS-
TRIBUTION IN THE CALCULATION OF
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
P. H. Rendsvig.
Gesundheits-lng, Vol 84, pp 241-246, 1963.
Descriptors: 'Drainage systems, 'Runoff forecast-
ing.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
The author discusses a graphical method for calcu-
lating the volume of run-off to be allowed for in
sewerage systems. He compares his result, based on
the summation equation, with the Schoenefcldt
method.
W69-02254
NOTES ON CALCULATING FLOW OF SUR-
FACE WATER IN SEWERS,
D. W. Rilcy.
54
-------
RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP—Field 11
•I Instn Munic and County Engrs, Vol 58, No 20, pp
1483-94, March 29, 1932.
s: 'Surface runoff, Rainfall intensity,
'Sewers.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Methods of computing runoff corresponding to
various rainfalls; intensity-duration and area-time
curves
^69-02255
LONG-RANGE FORECAST OF CRITICAL
DATES OF SPRING DISCHARGE HYDRO-
GRAPH FROM LOCAL INDICES OF AT-
MOSPHERIC CIRCULATION,
"I. V. Rudometov.
A"i Geophysical Union. Soviet Hydrology-Selected
Papers, No 1 , pp 3 1-46, 1964.
Pescriptors: 'Runoff forecasting, 'Flood forecast-
jng, 'Hydrographs, Discharge (Water).
'dentifiers: Russia.
Methods of long-range forecasting of dates of
fceginning of spring high water and dates of onset of
""aximum discharge based on use of local indices of
atmospheric circulation, taking Desna River at city
™ Chernigov in Ukraine as example.
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF STORM
RUNOFF IN SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA
AND SOUTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI,
». B. Sauer.
US Geol Survey-Prof Paper 501-D, pp 182-4,
1964.
'Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, Storms, Discharge
(Water).
Wentifiers: 'Calculations.
Graphical correlations indicate that mean annual,
* 2.33-yr, storm runoff for any site in area is 64
sec-ft-days/sq mi, which is equivalent to uniform
depth of 2.38 in.; recurrence interval of individual
storm runoff will, in many instances, be signifi-
cantly different from recurrence interval of peak
discharge resulting from same storm.
-0?257
SYNTHESIS OF INLET HYDROGRAPH,
•J-C.Schaake.Jr.
«>hns Hopkins Univ-Dept Sanit Eng and Water
Resources-Tech Report 3, June 1965. 105 p.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, 'Intakes, 'Surface ru-
noff, Storms, 'Computer programs, 'Drainage
systems.
Wentifiers: Calculations, Surface permeability.
Method is presented for synthesizing hydrograph of
runoff from paved portions of drainage area;
method involves application of equations of
gradually varied unsteady flow in open channels to
"escribe mechanics of surface runoff; method of
synthesizing inlet hydrograph will provide means
for developing records of runoff for inlet areas of
sufficient length to have statistical significance; ad-
vantage of method is that drainage area behavior
Ca" be simulated on computer so response of area
to arbitrary or spatially varied rainfall can be accu-
U«elyprediCted.
W69-02258
IXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF RA-
TIONAL METHOD,
•»• C. Schaake, Jr., J. C. Geyer, and J. W. Knapp.
ASCE Proc, J Hydraulics Div, Vol 93, No HY 6,
Paper 5607, pp 353-70, Nov 1967.
Descriptors: 'Rainfall-runoff relationships,
Drainage, Runoff, 'Rainfall intensity, Storm ru-
noff, Design.
Wentifiers: 'Calculations, 'Urban drainage, Bal-
Rainfall and runoff data collected in Baltimore,
Md, from 20 gaged urban drainage areas ranging in
size up to 150 acres have been used in study of Ra-
tional Method; results suggest that frequency of oc-
currence of computed design peak runoff is same
as frequency of occurrence of rainfall intensity
selected by designer with appropriate C; in ac-
cordance with their usual design procedures, five
storm drainage designers used Rational Method to
estimate 5 yr design peak runoff rates for six gaged
drainage areas; these values are compared with ru-
noff values from runoff frequency curves for these
gaged areas.
W69-02259
REGRESSION MODELS FOR PREDICTING
ON-SITE RUN-OFF FROM SHORT DURATION
CONVECTIVE STORMS,
H. A. Schreiber, and D. R. Kincaid.
Water Resour Res, Vol 3, pp 389-395, 1967.
Descriptors: 'Storm runoff, 'Rainfall intensity,
'Model studies.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Experimental plots were used to study the on-site
run-off resulting from 34 summer convective thun-
derstorms in the Walnut Gulch experimental
watershed, Ariz. It was found that run-off increased
with increase in precipitation and decreased as an-
tecedent soil moisture and crown spread of vegeta-
tion increased. Six independent variables were used
in a step-wise multiple linear regression equation to
determine the importance of total quantity per
storm in inches; maximal 5-minute intensity in
inches per hour; and duration of storm in minutes.
W69-02260
USE OF ANALOG MODELS IN ANALYSIS OF
FLOOD RUNOFF,
J. Shen.
U S Geol Survey-Prof Paper 506-A, 1965.24 p.
Descriptors: 'Computer programs, 'Flood
forecasting, Runoff.
Quasi-linear analog model has been developed for
simulating runoff-producing characteristics of
drainage system; where storage is linear unique
relationship correlating inflow and outflow peaks is
derived; technique for synthesizing flood-frequen-
cy distribution is also proposed, whereby effects of
linear- or nonlinear-basin system upon its inflow
probability distributions are examined.
W69-02261
NON-LINEAR INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-
HYDROGRAPH THEORY,
K. P. Singh.
ASCE Proc, J Hydr Div, Vol 90, No HY2, Paper
No 3852 pp 313-347,1964.
Descriptors: 'Hydrographs, 'Storms, 'Surface ru-
noff.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
A theory has been developed, using a non-linear
approach, to account for the apparent variations in
instantaneous unit hydrographs derived from dif-
ferent storms over a given drainage basin. Excess
rainfall with a non-uniform area! and time distribu-
tion is transformed to a direct surface run-off
hydrograph at the basin outlet, with consideration
of the effect of both overland and channel flows.
The characteristics of such flows vary from place to
place in any drainage basin, and their effects on the
instantaneous unit hydrograph are considered in
terms of the translation and storage factors of these
flows over the basin. Analyses of storms over 6
drainage basins gave consistent results, indicating
that the proposed equation can be used satisfactori-
ly for instantaneous unit hydrographs.
DOUBLE-MASS ANALYSIS ON COMPUTER,
R. Singh.
ASCE Proc, J Hydraulic Div, Vol 94, No HY 1,
Paper 5729,pp 139-42,Jan 1968.
Descriptors: 'Computer programs, 'Precipitation.
Identifiers: 'Calculations.
Hydrologists use double-mass analysis to verify
consistency of precipitation or streamflow record;
precipitation of station is plotted against combined
precipitation of surrounding stations; consistency
of record is verified if single straight line fitted
through points is reasonable; analysis is done on
computer by fitting straight line and fourth-degree
polynomial through points and comparing two
sums of squares of deviations of points from fitted
curves; if record is found to be inconsistent, it is ad-
justed by bringing deviated points along desired
single straight line; method should be of value to
hydrologists having access to computers.
W69-02263
BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL AND HYDROCHEMI-
CAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL RUNOFF
OF NATURAL ZONES IN EUROPEAN TERRI-
TORY OF U S S R,
B. G. Skakal'skiy.
Soviet Hydrology-Selected Papers, No 4, pp 389-
434,1966.
Descriptors: 'Precipitation, 'Surface runoff,
Groundwater, 'Hydrographs, Discharge (Water).
Identifiers: Russia.
Consideration is given to physiographic conditions
of formation from atmospheric precipitation,
falling on surface of catchments, of waters of vari-
ous origin that make up local runoff; volumes of
waters of various origin (surface-slope, soil-sur-
face, topsoil-ground and ground-water) are deter-
mined by genetic separation of discharge hydro-
graphs of small rivers; on basis of material thus ob-
tained, quantitative description is given of genetic
categories of runoff developing in specific
hydrologic periods on small catchments for year of
average hydrometeorolpgical conditions, and their
zonal features are established.
W69-02264
PERCOLATION, GROUND-WATER
DISCHARGE, AND STREAM FLOW IN THE
N1DD VALLEY,
K. J. Smith.
J Instn Water Engrs, Vol 20, pp 459-471, 1966.
Descriptors: 'Groundwater, 'Discharge (Water),
Drainage, Rain, 'Runoff, 'Rainfall-runoff relation-
ships.
Identifiers: Calculations, Surface permeability.
Records of drainage, taken from a percolation
gauge at Harlow Hill, near Harrogate, Yorks., were
compared with values for stream flow, rainfall and
run-off in the Nidd valley, Yorks., at 2 catchment
areas, Hunsingore and Howstean. It was found that
the response of percolation to rainfall was similar
to that of run-off to rainfall, and this was particu-
larly marked if mean values were taken over a long
period. Statistical analysis showed that the relation
between run-off and measured drainage was closest
during winter and autumn, with correlation coeffi-
cients of 0.87 and 0.86 respectively; on the other
hand there was a large discrepancy between infil-
tration at Hunsingore and measured drainage at
Harlow Hill. It was concluded that the percolation
gauge is not a satisfactory instrument for measuring
effective infiltration and that results obtained from
it should be compared with run-off characteristics
when the gathering grounds are relatively im-
permeable.
W69-02265
WATER YIELD MODEL DERIVED FROM
MONTHLY RUNOFF DATA,
W. M. Snyder.
Int Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Sec for Sci
Hydrology Publ No 63, pp 18-30, 1964.
55
-------
Field 11 —RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP
Descriptors: "Rainfall-runoff relationships, Runoff,
Watersheds, Model studies.
Identifiers: "Calculations.
Mathematical model has been developed to
analyze past records of streamflow and to predict
dependable yield from watersheds under varying
patterns of rainfall; model contains three parts;
first, seasonal rainfall function generates potential
runoff in two phases-immediate and delayed;
second, distribution function delivers delayed ru-
noff to future streamflow; third, time-trend func-
tion compensates for changing watershed condi-
tions; ten test sets of data were analyzed.
W69-02266
SIMPLIFIED VERSUS OPTIMUM UNIT
HYDROGRAPHS - ONE COMPARISON,
W. W. Snyder.
Water Resources Res, Vol 3, No 4, pp 947-948,
1967.
Descriptors: "Hydrographs, 'Rainfall-runoff rela-
tionships.
Identifiers: "Urban hydrology.
A unit hydrograph is derived from a record storm
previously analyzed for the optimum realizable unit
hydrograph. The storm data, an urban rainfall-ru-
noff event, and original analysis are given in
Eagleson. et al Water Res. Res 2 (4):7S5. The sim-
plified curve-fitting procedures produce a more ra-
tional appearing unit hydrograph in this case study.
W69-02267
NOMOGRAMS FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF ANTICIPATED WATER DISCHARGE IN
PLANNING RAIN RUN-OFF SYSTEMS,
A. N. Sorokin.
VodosnSanitTekh,No5,pp 12-14,1960.
Descriptors: 'Runoff forecasting, "Design.
Identifiers: Calculations, "Storm sewers.
Equations and nomograms are given for estimating
the amount of run-off to be allowed for when desig-
ning storm-water sewers.
W69-02268
RAINFALL RATES OF HEAVY RAINS IN
BREMEN,
W. Storch, and F. W. Boll.
Gas-Wasserfach, Vol 109,No6,pp 156-157,1968.
Descriptors: "Rainfall intensity.
Identifiers: "Calculations, "Bremen (Germany).
Recent measurements of the rainfall intensity-dura-
tion relationship, which the municipal authorities
of Bremen, Germany carried out at four measuring
stations, have shown that the rainfall intensity-du-
ration curve used foryears does not correspond to
present conditions. The old value was in error of
67% for 25 minutes. A new rainfall intensity-dura-
tion curve was constructed using Hoerler's method,
which provided the author with data that could be
used to determine rainwater rates for rainfalls of
any duration and frequency. The newly con-
structed curve not only differs greatly from the old
data, but also disagrees with the Remhold data so
far accepted as valid for the whole northwestern
part of Germany.
W69-02269
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE AND
UNDERGROUND WATERS AND USE OF WELL
OBSERVATIONS IN RIVER-FLOW FORECAST-
ING,
A. I.Subbotin.
bit Geodetic and Geophysical Union-Sec for Sci
Hydrology Pub) No 63, pp 513-19,1964.
Descriptors: "Surface runoff, "Subsurface runoff.
Discharge (Water), "Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Identifiers: Russia.
Analysis of relations between groundwater level
and low-water flow or minimum discharge on
several Russian rivers; storm runoff-rainfall rela-
tionships.
W69-02270
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF STORM-
WATER FLOWS IN A LARGE CHANNEL
SYSTEM,
G. Supino.
Wasserwirtschaft, Stuttgart, Vol 52, pp 122-126,
1962.
Descriptors: "Storm runoff.
Identifiers: "Calculations, Italy.
The author summarizes methods developed in Italy
for the calculation of storm-water run-off. These
can be applied to canals, sewerage systems, and
natural watercourses. The various equations and
their range of application are discussed.
W69-02271
RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF IN THE DERWENT
VALLEY TO YORKSHIRE BRIDGE,
DERBYSHIRE,
R. W. S. Thompson, and K. J. H. Saxton.
Proc Instn Civ Engrs, Vol 25, Paper No 6664, pp
147-164,1963.
Descriptors: "Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Tabulated hydrometric data over the past 60 years
are given for the catchment area of the Derwent
Valley Water Board on the river Derwent in north
Derbyshire. The relations between rainfall and run-
off in the area are discussed.
W69-02272
HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
S. J. van Kregten.
Verslagen en Mededelingen, No 9-Verslag van de
Technische Bijeenkomst, No 18, pp 12-27, 1963.
Descriptors: "Rainfall-runoff relationships.
Discharge (Water), "Hydrographs, Storm runoff.
Surface runoff, Groundwater.
Identifiers: "Calculations.
Hydrological observations; elements of transforma-
tion of precipitation to runoff are given on basis of
diagram of hydrological cycle; methods used to
determine discharge from rainfall are reviewed,
with special attention to unit-hydrograph method
for surface runoff; analytical method developed in
Netherlands for calculation of groundwater
discharge; behavior of flood wave in open channels
is discussed.
W69-02273
STORM STUDIES IN SOUTH AFRICA-SMALL-
AREA HIGH-INTENSITY RAINFALL,
W. van Wyk, and D. C. Midgley.
Civ Engr in South Africa, Vol 8, No 6, pp 188-97,
June 1966.
Descriptors: "Rainfall intensity, "Design.
Identifiers: South Africa.
Intensity-duration-frequency relationships, time
distribution of intense rainfall, and area! distribu-
tion of rain within intense storms are dealt with; to
enable relationships to be extended to ungaged lo-
calities, coaxial plot of intensity, duration, frequen-
cy, mean annual rainfall and rainfall region is
presented; dimensionless curve is provided as basis
for synthesizing mass curve of rainfall during
'design storm'; third diagram is presented as basis
for determining isohvetal pattern of design storm;
application to design is illustrated by example.
W&9-02274
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INLET HYDRO-
GRAPH,
W. Viessman. Jr., and J. C. Geyer.
ASCE Proc, J of Hydr Div, Vol 88, No HY5, p 245,
1962.
Descriptors: "Rainfall-runoff relationships, "In-
takes, "Rainfall intensity, Roughness (Hydraulic),
Runoff, "Hydrographs.
Identifiers: "Urban drainage, "Surface permeabili-
ty-
The results of a study of the relationship between
rainfall and runoff for impervious inlet areas are
presented. An attempt has been made to include as
many significant variables as possible. Prominent
among the latter were antecedent rainfall storm in-
tensity and pattern, and size, slope, and roughness
of the inlet areas. Data from records on impervious
areas in Baltimore, Md., Newark, Del., and Hert-
fordshire, England. Equations for peak rates of ru-
noff, rise of hydrograph, and method proposed for
predicting shape of simple hydrograph.
W69-02275
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STORM
DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY 1ST,
1959 TO JUNE 30TH, 1960,
W. Viessman.
Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Sanit Eng Water
Resour, Baltimore, 1960.
Descriptors: "Storm drainage, "Drainage,
"Discharge (Water), "Runoff forecasting, "Rain-
fall intensity, Weirs, Rain gage, Flow measurement,
"Storm runoff, Intakes, "Design.
Identifiers: "Baltimore (Md.), "Urban drainage.
Progress in the storm drainage research project at
Baltimore, Md. (see Wat. Pollut. Abstr. 1960, 33,
Abstr. No. 2011) is reported, including studies on
the effect of slope on the peak discharge from small
drainage areas, the effect of antecedent rainfall on
the peak rate of run-off, and the relation between
the maximum 5-minute rainfall intensity and the
duration of the intense part of a storm; the analysis
of rainfall and run-off data for the gauged inlet
areas; the development of a standard weir for use in
hydrological research. It is hoped that the analysis
of data from the existing and proposed gauging sta-
tions will ultimately permit the development of a
satisfactory procedure for predicting flows to
storm-water inlets and designing the appropriate
drainage system.
W69-02276
A HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR THE
CATCHMENT-STREAM PROBLEM. ID. COM-
PARISON WITH RUN-OFF OBSERVATIONS,
R. A. Wooding.
J Hydrol, Vol 4, pp 21-37,1966.
Descriptors: "Model studies, "Rainfall intensity,
Discharge (Water), "Hydrographs, "Rainfall-ru-
noff relationships, Drainage.
The application to field measurements of a hydrau-
lic model of a V-shaped catchment draining into a
stream situated in the apex of the V is discussed,
together with the mode of determination of unk-
nown parameters after choosing parameters for the
rainfall intensity scale, catchment equilibrium time,
the scale of the discharge hydrograph, and the ratio
of stream-equilibrium time to catchment equilibri-
um time. Comparisons of discharge hydrographs
calculated from the theoretical model are made
with those from catchment areas at Cashmere, New
Zealand, and at Alice Springs and Warragamba
Dam, Australia. Improvements are suggested, in-
cluding the need for a better geometrical descrip-
tion of the stream network in examples, and it is
pointed out that a more efficient treatment of infil-
tration losses might be possible with a model based
on stream networks.
W69-02277
HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR CATCHMENT-
STREAM PROBLEM,
R. A. Wooding.
J Hydrology, Vol 3, No 3-4, pp 254-82,1965.
M
-------
RAINFALL - RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP—Field 11
Descriptors: *Model studies, Discharge (Water), tained by method of characteristics, firstly, for flow catchment discharge predicted form of stream
'Hydrographs, Rainfall intensity, 'Rainfall-runoff over plane V-shaped catchment under constant hydrograph is calculated numerically, assuming
^lationships •*,-,• -,. j • r,, , *• • * • that rainfall is of constant intensity and of finite du-
"*"**'• uniformly-distnbuted rainfall of finite duration, ration
Analytical solutions for hydraulic model are ob- and secondly, for stream outflow arising from W69-02278
57
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
»»OENTINA
3AHITARY SERVICES. GHEAT ACHIEJEMENTS FOR A PLAN OP HOBKS.
"69-01558 10
**IAHTIC COAST(0»ITED STATES)
EDTROPBICATIOD OF ESTIIABIKJ! AREAS BY BAIN HATER,
•69-01849 07
'OTOMATIC CONTBOL
AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES,
"69-01660 01
FLUSHING OF SEHPB NBTUO8KS AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE DEVICE,
•69-01676 01
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SHIHDON, 1962 - 1967,
•69-01696 02
COMPUTERS TO CONTROL COMBINED SZIHBHS.
•69-01716 01
•ATER POLLUTION R AND D GRANTS.
•69-01717 04
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE SURFACE HATEB DRAINAGE
SYSTEM OF HEMEL HEHPSTEAD,
•69-01B68 09
AUTOMATED PUMPING STATIONS FOB OUB NATION'S CAPITAL,
•69-01878 09
8SASUSINO RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF AT ATORM-BATEB INLETS,
•69-01923 11
Q'B HAY TO BYPASS A LARGE SEHER,
"69-02105 02
THE TREATMENT OF STORM SEUAGE,
•69-02116 02
°»F OF 282,000 GPD FOR BRBNTNOOD SEHAGE HORKS,
•69-02231 09
TURKEY CREEK SENAQE PUMPING STATION,
'S9-02232 09
'•CtERIOlOBICAL SAMPLING
*«VIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RELATION TO HATER USE AND
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
•69-01496 07
REPORTS OK THE PROGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
•69-01505 07
INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION OF EASTCHBSTEE BAY.
•69-01793 07
"ISCHARCES FROH SEPARATE STORM SEHBBS ANU COMBINED S8HERS,
•69-01796 07
SELF-PURIFICATION IN MUSSELS FROM THE BEDITBBBANEAH-ITS
BS*FUIKESS -ITS ACCOMPLISHMENT-RESULTS OBTAINED,
•69-01803 07
SOURCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NEBATODES IN SURFACE HATERS,
•69-01805 07
DESCRIPTION OF A COMMUNITY op RICRO-OBGANISHS in PURIFIED
SEHAGE HIIED HITH RAIN HATBR FROM STORM SEDERS,
"69-01809 07
^'RATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL HATER QUALITY
S*»NDARDS,
"69-01812 07
*RE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL SEHAGB PURIFICATION HORKS,
Sr»8.ut2*rios POHOS, ANO BATBRATIOH PONDS mm RESPECT TO
"as SURVIVAL or PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND INDICATOR ORGANISHS,
•69-01876 09
SHUEB INFILTRATION.
»69-01735
05
VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OF INDICATOR BACTERIA IN
SOIL AND THEIR COHTRI8DTION TO STOBB-IATKB POLLUTION,
"69-02218 07
'ROORBSS REPORT ON THE STORH DRAINHO* RESEARCH PROJECT, JUJ.I
1ST, 1959 TO JDNE 30TH, 1960,
•69-02276 11
oriroitN OB«»O
THS OUALITI OF STORB HEATHER FLO«,
"69-01H95 07
**T8R POLLUTION RISZARCH, 1964.
"9-01507 07
*"IDU REPORTS OF THE SEVER* BIVEB BOARD AND TUB HIE BIVER
»0»»0 FOR THE T«R K«0«D 31ST HBCH, 1963.
08
BSTUASI CODPRIHENSIVE STODT PRELIMHARY REPORT AND
S.
»«9-01522 08
*I>8 SCBEEBS FOI caHBIKEfi SEBASE.
"9-015JJ 09
FIELD STUIUKS OH THE FLOH AND COBPUSITION OF STOUT SEHAUE,
H69-01807 07
SIOBH-HATEB INVESTIGATIONS Al HORTHAHPTON,
H69-01B16 07
THE POLLUTION OF 80N-OFF PROS URBAN HOUSING ESTATES.
Uf>9-0ia31 07
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE TIDAL ESTUARY,
H69-01847 07
CDLOBIHATION OF HIKED SBHAGE AND STORK HATER,
H69-01867 09
Sl'OSH HATER ADD COODXHSD JBBJfiE OVESFLOHS,
869-02131 04
COMBINED SEHER OVBRFLOHS,
H69-02147 04
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING INTERCEPTORS,
H69-02156 04
HOH TO ANALYZE COHBIIBD SEHAGE-STOBDHATER COLLECTION
SYSTEMS,
U69-02159 04
POLLUTION OF S'l'OSH ROIfOFP ID THE DRAIBAGE SYSTEM OF LABGE
TOHNS,
H69-02209 07
OBBAN LAND BDK-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAK POLLUTION,
H69-02223 07
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT ANU DISPOSAL OF URBAN STORH
HATEB,
H69-02224 07
BIOINDICATORS
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RECOVERY OF A BRITISH RIVER FROM GROSS
ORGANIC POLLUTION,
H69-01799 07
SOURCE AND PERSISTENCE OF HERAT/ODES IN SURFACE HATERS,
B69-01805 07
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTSRIAL HATER QUALITY
STANDARDS,
N69-01812 07
TBE EFFICIENCY OF COIVENTIONAL SEHAGB PURIFICATION HORKS,
STABILIZATION PONDS, AND MATURATION PONDS HITH RESPECT TO
THE SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND INDICATOB ORGANISHS,
H69-01876 09
THE EFFECT OF FRESH-HATER RUB-OFF ON A POPULATION OF
ESTUARINE POLYCHABTODS ANNELIDS,
»69-OJS15 07
SEASONAL VARIATION IN SOIVIVA1. OF INDICATOR BACTEDIA IX
SOIL AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO STORM-HATER POLLUTION,
W69-02218 07
BOSTONCMASS)
LOSS OF SANITARY SBHAGE THROUGH, STORH BATER OVERFLOUS,
U69-02103 02
BREHKRC GERMANY)
RAINFALL SATES OF HEAVY BAINS IN BBKMIN,
N69-02269 11
BUFFALO(R
IHPROVING TH£ EFFICIENCY OF EXISTING INTERCEPTORS,
H69-02156 04
CALCULATIONS
RESEARCH REPORT OF THE CITY AND BUILDS COLLEGE, 1961-64.
169-01574 11
RAINFALL-RUH-OFF RELATIONS IN THE UPPER GOUIBURN RIVEB
CATCHMENT, N.S.I.,
N69-01S83 11
SEQUXITUL SSNERjrlON OF RAIVPAlt AID RONOFF DATA,
N69-015B5 11
DETBBBtlATIOH OF THE HBLT-VATER PLOH FROH TBB HATER
RESOURCES OF THE SUCH COVER,
H69-01592 11
COBPDTING RUNOFF FBOD SMALL IATEBSHEDS,
H69-01593 11
AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES,
169-01660
01
METHODS AND EOUIPBENT FOB THC »«S08ME(T OF SEITAGZ ftOH,
H69-01670 01
FLOH VELOCITIES II SMALL SBHEB3,
169-01706
03
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
PLOW VBT.OCITY III PARTLY FILLED PIPES,
K69-01707 03
SURFACE HATER DRAINAGE CALCULATION BIT DIGITAL COMPUTER,
D69-OI782 06
CALCULATION OF RETENTION TASKS in STORN-VATBB SEVERS,
•69-02191 06
SIMPLIFIED SEDER DESIGN,
D69-02198
CALCULATION OF STOBH-3 EH AGE TANKS,
B69-01783 06
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL BATER QUALITY
STANDARDS,
•69-01812 07
SEDAGE LOAD OP DECEIVING STREAKS F80H MIXED SEDERS.
U69-018HO 07
ANALYSIS OP DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTBIBUTIOH 18 EAST BIVEB,
D69-01842 07
EVALUATION OP DISPERSED POLLUTIONAL LOADS,
B69-0 laiia 07
PROGRESS DEPORT (STUDY op RATIONAL METHOD ),
DS9-0189l( 10
CITY OP OAKLAND DEVELOPS NEK BAIHPALL INTENSITY-DUB ATION
CUBVES,
B69-01908 10
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Or HEAVY STOBH RAINFALLS IN ILLINOIS,
D69-01915 11
TIME DISTRIBUTION OF BAINPiLL IN HEAVI STORMS,
869-01916 11
CALCULATION OP DISCHARGE OP RAIN DITCHES AND BAINPALL
COLLECTING SYSTEMS,
B69-01918 11
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIMENSIONS OF BAIN
STOBAGE TUSKS,
D69-01921 11
LINEAR ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP,
B69-0192» 11
A BASIC STUDY OP THE RAINFALL EXCESS-SURFACE BUN-OPF
RELATIONSHIP IN A BASIN SYSTEM,
V69-01925 11
GAUGE FOR CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING BATE OF BAINPALL,
B69-02083 01
STOBfl PLOWS FHon COMBINED SEBERAGB SYSTEMS IN THREE ABEAS,
N69-02093 02
A CONTRIBUTION TO HYDBAULIC CALCULATIONS ON LATEHALLY-
BAPFLED STOHH-SBDAGE OVERFLONS,
W69-02099 02
THE STORAGE AND DISCHARGE CAPACITIES OF SEDBRAGE AND THE
OPEBATING PBEQUENCY OF STOBH OVERFLOWS DUTCH METHOD OP
CALCULATION,
D69-02101 02
RECONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLODS,
S69-02106 02
SECOND* BY NOTIONS APPLIED TO STORM SEHAGE OVERFLOWS,
K69-02109 02
ON HEASUBBKEHTS OF STORH-SEUAGt OVERFLOUS - A SBAPHICAL
METHOD,
N69-02111 02
MEASUREMENT OF STORM HATER OUTLETS IN COMBINED SEDERS BY THE
THBOTTLE-PIPE PROCESS,
U69-02112 02
THE PROBLEMS OF STORH-NATBB OVERFLONS,
K69-02115 02
HYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS IN CALCULATING STOBM-HATER OVEBPLOUS,
U69-02119 02
THE EFFECT OF DELAYED DISCHARGE ON THE CALCULATION OF STORM-
SEHAGE OVERPLOHS,
U69-02120 02
ESTIMATION OF THE FLOOD FLON AND DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT II
SEUEBAGE SYSTEMS,
N69-02125 0»
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STOBB-KATEB PBOTECTIVE MEASURES ON TgE
SEUAGE SYSTEM,
H69-0211I5 01
NEN PBINCIPLES FOB THE ABBANGEMENT OF STOBM BATES OV8BFLOUS,
U69-021D9 04
NE» PROCESS FOB SIMPLE CALCULATION OF DILUTION VALUES FOB
STORB HATER OVERFLOBS IN COMBINED SBKERAGE SYSTEMS,
1169-02150 0»
THE STOBM-HATEB COMPROMISE,
B69-02155 0«
HOB TO ANALYZE COMBINED SEHAGE-STOBHKATEB COLLECTION
SYSTEMS,
K69-02159 0»
RELATIONS BBTUEEN THE DEGREES OF DILUTION IN THE SEWERS IT
THE STOBM )ATER OUTLET, AND IN THE RECEIVING STREAM,
869-02220 07
BOLE OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN HIDBOLOGIC POBECASTING AND
ANALYSES,
U69-022H5 11
EFFECTS OF CLIMATOLOGIC AND BASIN CHABACTEBISTICS ON ANNOt!>
RUN-OFF,
1169-022118 11
THE ROLE OP PARAMETRIC HYDROLOGY,
U69-022U9 11
STUDY OF R B L HYDBOGRAPH METHOD OP DESIGNING SENEB SYSTEMS'
U69-02250 11
METHODS OF DETEBMINING SURFACE DISTRIBUTION OF EXCESSIVE
RAINFALLS,
W69-02251 1)
COMPARISON OP SOME FORMULAS FOR DETERMINING THE SNOy MELT
(PRELIMINARY RESULTS),
D69-022S2 11
ON THE IMPORTANCE OF VOLUME DISTBIBUTION IN THE CALCULATIOI
OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
»69-0225» 11
NOTES ON CALCULATING FLOW OF SUBFACB BATES IN SEUEBS,
B69-02255 11
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF STORM RUNOFF IN SOUTHEASTERN
LOUISIANA AND SOUTHBESTERN MISSISSIPPI,
N69-02257 11
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OP RATIONAL METHOD,
H69-02259 11
REGRESSION MODELS FOR PREDICTING ON-SITE RUN-OFF FROM SHOBf
DURATION CONVECTIVE STORMS,
869-02260 11
NON-LINEAR INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDBOGRAPH THEORY,
N69-02262 11
DOUBLE-MASS ANALYSIS ON COMPUTER,
B69-02263 11
HATER YIELD MODEL DERIVED FROM MONTHLY RUNOFF DATA,
N69-02266 11
RAINFALL RATES OF HEAVY BAINS IN BREMEN,
V69-02269 11
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OP STOBH-NATER FLOWS IN A LARGE
CHANNEL SYSTEM.
B69-02271 11
HYDBOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
K69-02273 11
CANADA
SEWERAGE MANUAL AND DIRECTORY, 1963.
»69-01l»99 07
CAPACITY
ANNUAL REPOBTS OF THE SEVEBN RIVER BOARD AND THE BYE HIVE"
BOARD FOR THE YEAB ENDED 31ST HARCH, 1963.
K69-01S21 08
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITABY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEMS,
W69-01S62 10
RAINFALL AT NBU ORLEANS AND ITS REMOVAL,
¥69-01568 10
DESIGN OF UNDERRATES STORM NATKR OVBRFLOV STORAGE SYSTEM,
B69-01693 02
POLYMER COAGULATORS.
N69-01701 03
INTERCEPTOR SEVERS,
N69-01728 01
ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF SEDERS AND STORM DRAINS,
D69-017S1 06
EFFECTS OF USE ON THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE
CONDUITS,
B69-01752 06
NED SEDERtGE FOB CROYDON.
D69-01755 06
THE 8AUNGABAKI DEVELOPMENT,
B69-01775 06
CALCULATION OF STORM-SEDAGB TANKS,
D69-01783 06
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
HOB TO ESTIMATE STOBII HATER QUANTITIES,
•69-01785 06
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTBB CAPACITY,
•69-01789 06
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTOR SEWERS FOB ST LOUIS,
•69-01798 07
THE USB 0? LAKES IK CONNECTION WITH SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
•69-01811 07
STORH-WATEB INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
•69-01816 07
SEWAGE LOAD OF RECEIVING STREAMS FBOH HIKED SEWERS,
•69-01810 07
SEBEBAGE SYSTEMS ADD BIVER POLLUTION,
•69-01811 07
SEWAGE TREATMENT PBOCESSES. IV. STORK TANKS,
•69-01873 09
DISPOSAL OP STORM BATBH BY GROUND HATER RECHARGE,
•69-01877 09
DESIGNING OF SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
•69-0188} 09
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIMENSIONS OF BAIN
STORAGE TANKS,
"69-01921 11
RYD8OLOGICAL AND EFFICIENCY INVESTIGATION METHOD IN
CONNECTION KITH ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT RATE OF SURFACE
DRAINAGE,
•69-01922 11
SEWER DEPTH OF FLOV DETERMINATION,
•69-02089 01
THE STORAGE AND DISCHABGE CAPACITIES OF SEWEBAGE AND THE
OPERATING FBEQDENCY OF STORM OVEBFLOWS DUTCH METHOD OF
CUCULATION,
•69-02101 02
THE PROBLEMS OF STOBM-WATEB OVERFLOWS,
•69-02115 02
OVERFLOWS OF SANITARY SEWAGE PROM COMBINED SEVEBAGE SYSTEMS,
•69-02122 01
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF 'COMBINED* SEVEBAGE,
•69-02123 0»
TBOUBLE-FBBE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
•69-02128 01
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
•69-02138 01
FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED SEUER SYSTEMS,
•69-02116 01
DIVERSION FACTOBS FOB COMBINED SEWERS BASED ON SEWAGE AND
STREAM ANALYSES,
•69-02160 0»
THE DESIGN OF STORM SEiEBS,
•69-02178 06
CALCULATION OF RETENTION TANKS IN STORM-WATER SEWERS,
•69-02191 06
THE APPLICATION OF STOBASE CAPACITY TO THE DESIGN OF SEWERS,
•69-02191 06
SIMPLIFIED SEWER DESIGN,
•69-02198 06
•PFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SEWAGE — STORM WATEB
"IXTURES,
•69-02211 07
""'itAR FLOODING
COMBINED SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE WITH LIMITED BAB WATER INLET,
•69-02133 01
CII*MICAL ANALYSIS
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RELATION TO WATKR USB AND
fROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
•69-01196 07
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
CLEVELAND! OHIO)
TO R8STQRB LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
V69-01536
I PUD TO HELP LAKE BRIE.
W69-01537
09
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP BESTODB CLEVELAND BEACHES.
V69-OI538 09
COLIFORBS
THE QUALITY OF STORM VEATHGB PLOW,
V69-01495 07
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1963.
V69-01515 OS
BACTERIAL SURVEY OF STREAMS AND BATHING BEACHES AT
CLEVELAND,
V69-01808 07
OPMATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL VATEB QUALITY
STANDARDS.
V69-01B12 07
COIIFOBB AFTEBG80WTHS IN CHLORINATED STOfiH OVERFLOWS,
V69-01813 07
BACTERIAL REDUCTIONS IK THE CHLOBINATION OF SEWAGE—EFFECT
OF AGITATION.
W69-01859 09
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OP INDICATOR BACTERIA IN
SOIL AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO STOBH-WATEB POLLUTION,
V69-0221B 07
URBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION,
V69-02223 07
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT ADD DISPOSAL OF URBAN STOBH
VATER,
V69-02224 07
COLUHBIA(HD)
PLANNED CITY PLANS TO RE-USE STORM RUNOFF.
V69-01759 06
COMBINED SEWER
CHICAGO STUDIES PLAN FOR CONTROLLING COMBINED SEVER
OVERFLOWS.
V69-01689 02
COMBINED SEVEBS
THE QUALITY OF ST06S HEATHER PLOW,
V69-01495 07
CLEAN UP OF LAKB MICHIGAN.
V69-01500 07
POLLUTION OF THE RIVER MERSEY.
V69-01501 07
200 POLLUTERS GET THE VOBD EABLI.
W69-01513 08
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH 1963 AND 1964. THK REPORTS OF THE
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH BOARD WITH THE REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR
OF HYDRAULICS RESEARCH.
V69-01516 08
ANVDAL II2PORTS OP THE SEVERN RI?ER BOARD AND THE NYK RIVER
BOARD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
W69-01H1 OS
DELVABE ESTUARY COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PRELIMINARY REPORT AND
FINDINGS.
V69-01522 08
TRENDS II FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR VATER POLLUTION COITROt.
V69-01526 08
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING SEVERS
IN INHABITED LOCALITIES,
V69-01530 08
FINE SCREENS FOR COMBINED SEWAGl.
W69-01533 09
$5,729,103 AWARD FOR VATER POLLUTION RESEARCH.
•69-01535 09
TO RESTORE LAKE BRIE BEACHES.
W69-01536 09
A PLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
V69-01537 09
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
•69-01538 09
TUNNEL HILL STORE STORM RUNOFF.
»69-0)543 09
UN DEBWATER STORAQE OF STORR OVERFLOW.
V69-01S47 Of
CALCUTTA. 3. A SANITARY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEMS,
W69-OJ563 10
PERMISSIBLE WATER POLLUTION AT COBBINED SEHEB OVERFLOWS,
U69-01681 02
PRELiniNART GIlin»NCE FOB THE CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF SSOtl
SEWAGE OVEBFLOUS IN COMBINED SEHAflE STSTEHS.
U69-016B2 02
STOBM WATEB OVEBFLOUS. THE USE OF SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
U69-01692 02 ;
DESIGN OF ONDBBWATEB STORM IATER OVEBFLO) STORAGE SYSTEM,
N69-01693 02
POLYMER COAGULATOBS.
U69-01701
03
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPBBATION OF SEWEB OUTFALLS IN
ESTUABINE AND TIDAL WATERS,
169-01703 03
MEASUBEHENT OF BANKING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
D69-01709 03
DEEP TDNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE GROUND.
K69-01712 01
ASCE SEVER PBOJECT CONTINUES.
869-01713 0«
COMBINATION SEVER SEPARATED INTO SANITARY AND STORM LINES
LOU COST.
W69-017H4 014
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEVERS.
V69-01715 01
COMPUTERS TO CONTBOL COMBINED SEVERS.
869-01716 04
HATER POLLUTION R AND D GRANTS.
V69-01717 01
SEVER SEPARATION.
V69-01719 0«
SEVER WITHIN t SEVER.
V69-01720 01
FACTS ABOUT COMBINED SEVER SYSTEMS.
V69-01721 0«
SEPARATING STORK AND SANITARY SEVERS IN URBAN REKRBAL.
V69-01723 04
DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE (VATER POLLUTION CONTROL AND
ABATEMENT).
V69-Q172II 04
STORM-NITER OVERFLOVS F80M COMBINED SEVERS,
V69-01726 04
PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING FLOVS IN SEPABATE AND COMBINED
SEVERS,
V69-01727 04
SURVEY OF NAJAFSAHH DRAIN DO»«STRIAH OF INDUSTRIAL AREA,
V69-01729 04
TBE BACTERIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COMBINED SEVER OVBBFLOVS ON
THE DETROIT RIVER,
V69-01730 04
HANDLING SANITARY SgVAUE AND STORM WATER, ROUND TABLE
DISCUSSION.
V69-01734 05
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED SEVERS,
V69-017T4 06
M1IN DRAINAGE FOR SKELSEBSDALE NKV TOWN,
V69-01784 06
PSELHINASI POLLUTION STUD! UPPER Z1ST RIVIR.
V69-01791 07
ELIMINATION OF (UBUIHAL POLLUTION—JAMAICA BAI.
V69-01792 07
IIVESTIGATIOI OF POLLUTION OF BASTCHESTER BAY.
V69-OJ793 07
POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF STORHVATER AND OVIRFIOVS FROM
COMBINED SEVER SYSTEMS.
169-01795 07
DISCHARGES FROM SEPARATE STORN SEWERS AND COMBINED SEVERS'
•69-01796 07
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTOR SKIERS FOR ST LOUIS,
V69-01798 07
CHEMICAL AID PHYSICAL COMPARISON OF COMBINED AND SEPARAf*
SENER DISCHARGES,
«69-0160f 07
BACTERIOLOGICAL COMPARISON BETSBIB COMBINED AND SEPARATE
SEVER DISCBA1BBS,
W69-01802 07
POLLUTION CONTROL HBASUBBS FOI STORNVATBRS AND COMBINED
SEVER QVERFLOVS.
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
"69-01810
07
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR STORH HATERS AND COMBINED
SEWEB OVERPLOWS,
"69-01811 07
COLIPORM APTEBGBOWTHS IN CHLORINATED STORH OVEBPLOWS,
"69-01813 07
BIVER POLLUTION BY STORM OVERFLOWS. AS ATTEMPT AT
RATIONALIZATION,
•69-01815 07
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY OF STORB WATER OVERFLOWS IN
COBBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEBS,
W69-02102 02
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STOBB WATEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-02103 02
WASTE TREATBENT PLANT BODIFIED FOR INCREASED SOLIDS LOADING,
W69-02110 02
IBE FLOW IN A STREAM AS A MEASURE OF THE DEGREE OF DILUTION
"P STORB-WATEH DISCHARGES,
"69-01817 07
POLLUTION PREVENTION IN NORTHERN IRELAND,
"69-01818 07
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEBENT PROGRAM,
"69-01323 07
P»OBLEBS IN THE PLANNING OP SEWAGE WORKS,
"69-01824 07
"ATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
"69-01829 07
SLUDGE DEPOSITS IN STREAKS PROS STORM HATER OUILETS,
"69-01830 07
'HP. STOBB-SBWAGB POLLUTION PROBLEM,
"69-01835 07
STORH HATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
"69-01836 07
BEASUBEBENT OP STOftrt HATEB OUTLETS IN COBBINED SEWERS BY THE
THROTTLE-PIPE PROCESS,
W69-02112 02
PROBLEB OP DESIGN OF INTERCEPTING DEVICES WITH OVERFLOW
WEIRS IN COMBINED SEWEB SYSTEBS,
W69-02117 02
HOW TO PLACE STOBfl SPILLWAY III COMBINED STORB AND SANITARY
SEWEB SYSTEM,
W69-02118 02
THE PROBLEM OP SEPARATION IN PLANNING SEWER SYSTEBS,
W69-02121 OH
OVERFLOWS OF SANITARY SEWAGE FHOB COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02122 01
IBPROVEBEIITS IN SYSTEMS OF 'COMBINED' SEWERAGE,
W69-02123 04
FOCUS ON RESEARCH. WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH AND THE
BUNICIPAL ENGINEER,
W69-02126 04
OP MIJED SEWAGE AND STORM WATER,
"69-01867 09
COMPLETION OP FURTHER STAGE IN GBANGEMOUTH DRAINAGE SCHEME,
"69-01875 09
PRIMARY TREATHtNT POB STOliB SEWAGE OVERPLOWS,
**9-01880 09
I'ftCf Of STORAGE AND SKIMMING ON COHBIHBD SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
"9-01882 09
AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN BETROSPECT ADD PROSPECT,
"9-01888 10
S'f'ROATIOM OP DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC WATBBS WITHI« THE ABBA OF
' COBBUIIITY,
"69-01920 11
5J»TSIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OP THE DI»ENSIO»S OF RAI»
Jj°»»GE TASKS,
"9-01921 11
THB BINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL SANITARY DISTRICT - OPERATION AND
MANSION,
"69-01838 07
OVERFLOWS PROM COMBINED SEDERS III WASHINGTON, D C,
"69-01839 07
SEWAGE LOAD OP RECEIVING STREAMS PROM SUED SEWERS,
"69-01840 07
'ISCHARGB OF BAIN WATER PBOB OBBAN SEWE«S INTO STREAMS, j
"69-01811 07
THE POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OP STORH WATEB OVERPLOWS FBOM
COMBINED SEVERS,
"69-018113 07
SBWERAGE SYSTEMS AMD RIVER POLLUTION,
"69-01844 07
"HE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
"69-01845 07
"0» COMBINED SEDERS APPECT HATER POLLUTION. PT 1,
"69-01850 07
|0« COMBINED SEWEBS AFFECT WATP.B POLLUTION. PT 2,
•69-01851 07
?"« INFLUENCE OP COHBI8ED SEWERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
"69-01852 07
J**T OP MILWAUKEE.
"69-01857 09
J&BATBENT OP OVERFLOWS PBOH COMBINED SEWBBAGS SYSTEMS BY USB
"' STOBM BUT El STORAGE AND CHIOHINATION .
"9-01858 09
J*OTECTI«G THE POTOMAC AT WASHINGTON.,
"'-01861 09
CHICAGO METBO SANITARY DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
"9-01863 09
*** ST JOSEPH, MISSOURI HATER POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAM,
"6»-01366 09
PLODS PBOH COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS I» THREE ABEAS,
"'4-02093 02
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STORB WATERS AND COBBINED SEWER
OVERPLOWS,
W69-02127 04
TROUBLE-FREE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02128 04
AKRON BONITOBS COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02130 04
STORH WATER AND COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02131 04
COMBINED SYSTEM OP SEWERAGE WITH LIMITED SAW WATEB INLET,
W69-02133 04
BATIONAL DETERMINATION OF STORM OVERFLOWS FROM INTERCEPTING
SEWERS,
W69-02134 04
STORM UATEB OVERFLOW IH EXISTING COBBINED SEWERS,
W69-0213S 04
WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN BEBLIN,
W69-02136 04
EQUIPMENT, METHODS AND RESULTS FBOB WASHINGTON, D C,
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW STUDIES,
W69-02137 04
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COBBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02138 04
SEPABATE SYSTEMS-COMBINED SYSTEMS,
W69-02139 04
THE TRUNK SEWER SYSTEM AND THE SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OP UTRECHT. HISTORY AND TECHNICAL LAY-OUT,
W69-02140 04
PBOGRESS REPORT-ASCE COMBINED SEWER SEPARATION PROJECT,
D69-02141 04
ASCE COMBINED SEWER SEPARATION PROJECT PROGRESS,
W69-02142 04
WEST HABTLEPOOL SEWEBAGE SCHEME WILL CLEAN BEACHES,
W69-02143 04
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STOBH-WATER PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM.
W69-02145 04
FEASIBILITY OP COMBINED SEWEB SYSTEHS,
W69-02146 04
COMBINED SEWEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-02U7 04
NEW PRINCIPLES FOR THE AHBANCEHENT OF STOBM WATEU OVERPLOWS,
W69-02149 04
NEW PROCESS POt SINPLI CALCULATION OF DILUTION VALUES FOB
STORH WATER OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEBS,
W69-02150 04
UNDEBPLOW SEUEBS FOR CHICAGO,
U69-02151 04
COMBINED SEWER STUDY,
W69-02152 04
EFFECT or STOBM WATE8 ON THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
RECEIVING STREAMS,
1169-02113 flit
EXTENSIVE SEWEKAGE Kill CURB POLLUTION OF A B»Y,
W69-0215H OH
THE STOHM-WATEM COMPROMISE,
W69-02155 OH
A BBIEF HISTORY OF POLLUTION PROBLEMS AKD POLLUTION CONTROL
IN THE CITY OF LONDON, OUT,
W69-02157 OH
A FLOODED-TUNNEL IHTEHCEPTOB SYSTEM FOR THE BETROPOLITAN ST.
LOUIS SEWEB DISTRICT,
W69-02158 01
HOW TO ANALYZE COBBINED SEWAGE-STORBWATER COLLSCTION
SYSTEMS,
W69-02159 OH
DIVERSION FACTORS FOR COMBINED SEWBBS BASED ON SEWAGE AND
STREAM ANALYSES,
W69-02160 OK
USB OF ANALOG MODELS IN ANALYSIS OF FLOOD RUNOFF,
W69-02261 11
DOUBLE-BASS ANALYSIS ON COMPUTER,
W69-02263 11
CONDUITS
ATTENUATION OF FLOOD WAVES IN PART-FULL PIPES,
W69-01552 10
CONSTRUCTION
BATES POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS,
W69-01529 08
> PLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
869-01537
SEWER WITHIN » SBWEB.
969-01720
nUNICIPAL SEWEBAGB.
W69-01731
09
OH
ONE CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PROBLEB OF COMBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02161 04
THE TRUNK SEWEB SYSTEB AND THE SEWAGB-TREATBENT PLANT OP THE
TOWN OF UTRECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACITY OF SEWERS AND PUMP
REGIME,
Wf.9-02162 OH
RESIDENTIAL USE AND MISUSE OF SANITARY SEWERS,
W69-01737 05
INFILTRATION AND SEWEEI FOUNDATIONS,
W69-017H7 05
FLOOD BELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
W69-0175H 06
COMBINED VS SEPARATE SYSTEMS OF SEWERAGE,
W69-02163 OH
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SBWAOB — STORM UATEB
MIXTURES,
W69-02211 07
Ufa SEWERAGE FOR CROYOON.
N69-01755 06
PBQCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY
ENGINEERS, QUEENSLAND, 1962.
W69-0176H 06
STORfl-WATER OVMFLOWS,
SMALL UNDERGROUND DRAINS AND SEWERS I AND II.
W69-01767 06
STOBM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A MAJOR POLLUTION SOURCE,
W69-02221 07
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOR III EUfHOPHICATION ,
W69-02222 07
STORH DRAINAGE SYSTEMS. I
W69-01769 06
STOBB-WATER TANKS IN THE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF BERLISt ,'
W69-01869 09
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING IN A NEW TOVN — PROGRESS A SD
PROBLEMS,
W69-022JO 09
CONTROL OP POLLUTION FOOD COMBINED SEUER SYSTEMS,
W69-022J5 09
COMPUTER PROGRAM
COBPUTIRS TO CONTROL COBBIDED SEKESS.
W69-01716 OH
COMPUTER PROGBAMS
NINTH ANNUAL REPORT, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 3 1ST 1963.
W69-01515 08
TIBE AKALYSIS OF BAlNFtLL ON URBAN CATCHMEBT,
W69-01561 10
COMPUTATION OF OPTIMUM REALIZABLE UNIT KYDROGBAPHS,
W69-01567 10
SURVET OF BECENT DEVELOPMENTS III RAINFALL-RUNOFF ESTIMATION,
W69-01S77 11
A TECHNIQUE FOB ANALYSIS OF RUN-OFF HYDBOGRAPHS,
W69-01580 11
LABORATORY STUDY OF WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
W69-0158H 11
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF WYDROLOOIC CYCLE,
W69-01S86 11
SURFACE WATER DBAINAGB CALCULATION BY DIGITAL COMPUTUB,
W69-01782 06
THE DESIGN OF URBAN SKWER SYSTEMS. RESEARCH INTO THE
RELATION BETWEEN BATE OF RAINFALL AHD THE RATE Of FLOW III
-SEWERS,
W69-01905 10
BAIKST08HS HADE TO OHOKS,
W69-U191H 11
UNDERFLOW SEWERS FOB CHICAGO,
K64-02151 04
SOLUTION FOB STOBH SEWEB SYSTEM PROBLBM,
W69-02186 06
F.BPIRICtL MODEL FOB PREDICTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE,
W69-02201 06
or STORH sent* SYSTBMS,
W69-0220H 06
ROLE OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS III KYDBOLOGIC FORECASTING AND
ANALYSIS,
W69-022H5 11
SYNTHESIS Of Hill HJDROGBAPH,
DOUBLE-BASRELED CLAY-PIPE SBKBB,
B69-02079 01
DESIGN, CONSTBUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VORTEX OVEBFLOWS,
K69-0211H 02
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOR SEWER SEPARATION,
W69-02192 06
SOIL AND WATEB P80BLEBS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
CONSTRUCTION COSTS
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEWgBS.
W69-01715 OH
DESIGN CBITEBIA FOR INTERCEPTOR 3BBEUS FOR ST LOUIS,
B69-01798 07
ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
METROPOLITAN SEWER DISTRICT,
W69-01837 07
CHICAGO USD PROSBESS BEPOBT 01 CHLORtNATIOH,
W69-01862 09
SUBURB MEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
W69-0189S 10
UNDERFLOW SEWEBS FOB CHICAGO,
169-02151 OH
PROGRESS TO DATE AID CURRENT WORKS AT GLENROTHES NEW TOWN,
•69-02199 06
CONTIOL
POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF 3T08BWATER AND OVERFLOWS FROM
COMBINED SBUER SYSTEMS.
W69-0179S 07
CORROSION
EFFECTS Of INFILTRATION,
W69-01736 05
DOUBLE-BARRELED CLAY-PIPE SEWEB,
K69-02079 01
DATA COLLECTIONS
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TYPE REPRESENTATION OF HYDROLOGICAL DATA,
KS9-01912 11
RAINFALL AKD EVAPORATION DISTBIBUT10N IN SPACE ADD TIME,
W69-022H7 11
DEMONSTRATION WATERSHEDS
THE DSE OF UNIT-SOURCE WATERSHED DATA FOB RUN-OFF
PREDICTION,
W69-0155H 10
DEPOSITION SEDIBEITS)
COBBIIID VS SEPARATE SYSTEMS OF SEWERAGE,
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
"69-02163
DEPOSITION IN A SIMITAR! SEWEB,
"69-02170
STOBM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
"69-01/494 07
NATURE AND SCOPE OP SURFACE DRAINAGE IS EASTERN UNITED
STATES AND CANADA,
H69-01524 08
ASCE'S URBAN WATER STUDIES.
H69-01556 10
ASCE RESEARCH PROGRAM IN URBAN UATEB BESOURCES.
"69-01557 10
DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF FOR URBAN STOBM HATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
•69-01560 10
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITARY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEMS,
"69-01562 10
ECONOMIC SURFACE-HATEB SEHERAGE A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
PRACTICE,
"69-01569 10
PRELIMINARY GUIDANCE FOR THE CALCULATION AHD DESIGN OF STORM
SEWAGE OVEBFLOHS IN COMBINED SEHAGE SYSTEMS.
"69-01682 02
DESIGN OF UNDEBWATEB STORM WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEM,
"69-01693 02
RAIN DISCHARGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
"69-01700 03
MEASUREMENT OF MANNING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
"69-01709 03
OPTIMUM DESIGN OF SEWERS,
"69-01710 03
DRAINAGE (SEWERAGE).
"69-01722 04
INTERCEPTORS HAVE UNUSUAL DESIGN FEATURES,
'69-01725 04
PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING PLOWS IN SEPARATE AND COMBINED
SMERS,
"69-01727 04
"UNICIPAL SEWERAGE.
"69-01731 05
*N EVALUATION OP THE PROBLEMS OF SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM
OESIGH,
"69-01742 05
DESIGN-INFILTRATION DETECTION AND COBBECTION,
W69-017»it 05
tSPIlTBATlON AND SEWER FOUNDATIONS,
"69-01746 05
SBWER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BY COMPUTER.
"69-01757 06
*»OCEBDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY
"QUEERS, QUEENSLAND, 1962.
"9-017611 06
SURFACE WATER AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
169-01765 06
* GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STORM SEWER SYSTEBS,
PREFACED BY THE REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON RAINFALL
*»0 RUN-OFF OF THE ROAD RESEARCH BOABD AND THE MINISTRY OF
BOUSING AHD LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
"69-01766 06
fK*LL UNDERGBOUHD DRAINS AND SEWERS I AND II.
"69-01767 0*
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
&69-01769 06
"'SIGN OF SURFACE-HATER SBWERS,
"69-01781 06
"*IN DRAINAGE OF LBYTON,
"69-01786 06
D«SIG« CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTOR SEWERS FOR ST LOUIS,
•69-01798 07
*°< COMBINED SBWBRS AFFECT WATER POILUTIOB. PT 1,
"69-01850 07
**ORB-»ATER TASKS I» THE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF BERLIN,
"9-01869 09
?ISIGNI»G OF SEWEBAGE SYSTEMS,
"*'-01883 09
"•CODING FREQUENCIES FOR URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
W69-01S93 10
SUBURB MEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
W69-01895 10
THE HYDROLOGY OF URBAN RUNOFF,
"69-01897 10
A TIME INTERVAL DISTRIBUTION FOR EXCESSIVE RAINFALL,
W69-01898 10
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STORB DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 10, 1959,
W69-01902 10
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE—REVIE" OF PAST RESEARCH,
"69-01904 10
THE DESIGN OF DBBAH SEWER SYSTEMS. RESEARCH INTO THE
RELATION BETWEEN RATE OF RAINFALL AND THE RATE OF FLOW IN
SEWERS,
W69-01905 10
A METHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN FOB REGIONS OF HIGH
RAINFALL INTENSIFY,
W69-01910 10
HARVARD GULCH FLOOD CONTROL PBOJECT,
W69-01911 10
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
"69-02107 02
SECONDARY MOTIONS APPLIED TO STOBM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02109 02
STOBM-WATER OVERFLOWS THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND,
"69-02113 02
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VORTEX OVERFLOWS,
H69-02114 02
PBOBLEM OF DESIGN OF INTERCEPTING DEVICES WITH OVERFLOW
WEIRS I» COMBINED SEWEB SYSTEMS,
"69-02117 02
HOB TO PLACE STORM SPILLWAY IN COMBINED STORM AND SANITARY
SBWER SYSTEM,
W69-02118 02
HYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS IK CALCULATING STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
"69-02119 02
PROGRESS REPOBT-ASCB COMBINED SBWER SEPABATION PROJECT,
W69-021U1 0«
FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED SEWEB SYSTEMS,
"69-02146 OH
THE STORK-BATBB COMPROMISE,
W69-0215S Oil
SEWAGE WORKS DESIGN AHD WET HEATHER FLOWS,
W69-0216H OK
CORRECTING STORM-WATER INFILTRATION, TOKAWANDA, *E" YORK,
W69-02165 05
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITARY SEWBB EXTENSIONS,
"69-02172 05
STORM SEVER DESIGN BY THE INLET METHOD,
H69-02179 06
USE OF 3M DIAM BEINFORCED CONCRETE STORM SEWERS FOR WESTERN
SIBERIAN METALLURGICAL PLANT, SOVIET UNION,
W69-02180 06
OIL BETBHTION II STORK-SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS AND STORM-
SEWAGE TANKS,
W69-021B1 06
HOW TO SIZE CONDUITS FOR STORM SEWEBS,
W69-021B4 06
SOLUTION FOR STORM SEWER SYSTEM PROBLEM,
W69-02186 06
STORM SBWER SYSTEMS,
"69-02190
06
THB APPLICATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY TO THE DESIGN OF SEHE8S,
•69-02194 06
STORM SEBER DESIGN FACTORS,
•69-02195 06
FUNDAMENTALS OF SEHER DESIGN,
•69-02196 06
SIMPLIFIED SEVER DESIGN,
W69-02198 06
PROGRESS TO DATB AHD COBREUT WORKS AT GLBNROTHES NEW TOWN,
W69-02199 06
EMPIRICAL MODEL FOB PREDICTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE,
H69-02201 06
DESIGN OF STORM SEBBR SYSTEMS,
-------
DBS-DBA
•69-02201 06
GRAPHIC STORK 3EBEB DESIGN,
1169-02208 06
RELATIONS BETBEBN THE DEGBEB3 Of DILUTION IS THE SBBERS »T
THE STOBH BATBR OUTLET, AND IN THE RECEIVING STBE«a,
869-02220 07
THE QUIUTI O? RAINFALL SUN-OPy HATER FROM A BOUSING ESTATE,
869-02226 07
STUDI OF R R L HYDBOGBAPH METHOD OP DESIGNING SEVER SYSTEMS,
1169-02250 11
NonOGBAMS FOB THE DETERMINATION OF ANTICIPATED BATER
DISCHARGE III PLANNING BAIN RON-OPF SYSTEMS,
B69-0226B 11
STOBH STUDIES III SOOTH AFRICA-SHALL-AREA HIGH-INTSNSITI
RAINFALL,
869-02271 11
SUBJECT INDEX
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CURRENT 8ORKS IT GLBNROTHES NE» TO»N,
•69-02199 06
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING IN A NEB T08N—PROGRESS AND
PROBLEMS,
869-02230 09
COMPARISON OF SOKE FORMULAS FOB DETERMINING THE SNOB KELT
(PRELIMINARY RESULTS),
U69-02252 11
PEBCOLATION, GBOOND-KATEB DISCHARGE, AND STREAI1 FLOB IN THE
NIDD VALLEY.
•69-02265 11
PBOGRESS REPORT ON THE STORK DBAINAGE 8BSEABCH PROJECT, JULY
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE BOTH, 1960,
•69-02276 11
DISSOLVED OIIGEN
THE POLLUTION OF RUN-OFF FROH URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
869-01831 07
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STOBH DBAINAGE BESEABCH PBOJECT, JULY
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE 30TH, 1960,
869-02276 11
DBSISN STOSH
THE HYDROLOGY OF UBBAN RUNOFF,
869-01897
10
DESIGN STOBKS
DESIGN STOBfl HYETOGBAPHS FROH STUDIES OF RAINFALL IN THE
•BSTERN AREA OF SIEBRA LEONE,
B69-01779 06
kNALISIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTRIBUTION IN EAST RIVER,
869-01812 07
POLLUTION STUDI OF A FUTUBE TIDAL ESTUARY,
869-01817 07
D08NSPOUTS
'SMOKING OUT' ILLEGAL HOUSE DBAINS,
869-01715 05
REDUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SE8EB LOADING BY DOBNSPOUT REMOVAL,
869-02166 05
BETES GENTS
THE DETEBGENT CONTENT OF RIVER 8ATEB AS A FUNCTION OP iATEB
FLOW,
869-01800 07
DETEBIOBATION
ELIfllNATION OF HARGINAL POLLUTION—JAMAICA BAI.
869-01792 07
D8TROIT(MICH
CONTROL OF SEKER USAGE AT DETROIT, MICHIGAN,
869-01528 08
DRAINAGE
HIDBADLICS BESEABCU 1963 AND 19614. THE BEPORTS OF THE
HYDBAOLICS BESEARCH BOARD 8ITH THE BEPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR
OF HTDRAULICS BESEARCH.
869-01516 08
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BETARDING BASINS FOB THE DRAINAGE OF
80TOR8AVS,
869-01532 09
RAINFALL AT NE8 ORLEANS AND ITS REMOVAL,
869-01568 10
DILUTION
THE PEBKISSIBLB DILUTION AT STORK 8ATER OUTLETS,
869-01853 07
NE8 PROCESS FOR SIIIPLE CALCULATION OF DILUTION VALUES FOR
STORK 8ATER OVKRFL08S IN COMBINED SE8EBAGE SVSTEHS,'
869-02150 01
THE STORH-8ATER COBPBOBISE,
869-02155 04
DISCHARGE KEASURIHENT
TEKPOBARt FL08 HEASUREDENT IN SEWERS AND DBAINS,
869-01667 01
DISCHABGE(8ATEB)
CONTROL OF SE8EB USAGE AT DETBOIT, MICHIGAN,
869-01528 08
RAINFALL AT NEK ORLEANS AND ITS BEffOVAL,
869-01568 10
DISCHARGE PROS HEAVI BAINFALL,
869-01587 11
TECHNICAL COHBITTEE ON STORH OVERFL08S AND THE DISPOSAL OF
STORK SE8AGE.
869-01691 02
TABLES FOR THE HYDRAULIC DESION OF STORK-DBAINS, SEVERS, AND
PIPE-LINES,
869-01699 03
SE8EBAGE SYSTEKS AND RIVER POLLUTION,
869-01SHH 07
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS III THE SURFACE 8ATER DRAINAGE
S1T5TEH Of HENBt HEHPSTEAD,
V69-0186S 09
DETERMINATION OF THE DISCHARGE OF BAIN WATER,
869-01890 10
PROBLEMS OF BATBK DISCHARGE IN UBBAN AREAS,
869-01899 10
CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE OF BUI) DITCHES AND RAINFALL
COLLECTING SYSTEItS,
869-01918 11
THE STORAGE AND DISCHARGE CAPACITIES OF SE8EBAGE AND THE
OPERATING FREQUENCY OF STORH OVERFLOWS DUTCH METHOD OF
CALCULATION,
869-02101 02
ESTJBATION OP THE FLOOD FLOW AND DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT IN
SE8IBASE SYSTEMS,
869-02125 0«
UNDEBPLOB SEWERS FOR CHICAGO,
869-02151
0«
SURFACE 8ATER DRAINAGE—REVIEB OF PAST RESEABCH,
869-01901 10
STOBfl SE8ER TUNNEL 'THREADS NEEDLE1 BETWEEN HIGH8AT BENTS,
869-02077 01
FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF HIGH8AY DRAINAGE SECTIONS,
869-02203 06
GROUND 8ATER BECHARUE - CONSERVATION IN NASSAU COONTI,
869-02201 09
PBOGRESS REPQBT ON THE STORH DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JUL
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE 30TH, 1960,
•69-02276 11
DRAINASE SYSTEM
A METHOD OF UBBAN DBAINAGE DESIGN FOB REGIONS OF HIGH
RAINFALL INTENSITY,
869-01910 10
COUNTY RAIN-GAGE NETWORK USEFUL IN DESIGN,
869-0207B 01
VARIATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFICIENT,
869-02216
11
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF FOR URBAN STOBH 8ATER DRAINASE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
869-01560 10
PERIMETER DRAINAGE TO PBOTECT URBAN LANDS,
869-01565 10
SEQUENTIAL GENERATION OF BAINFALL AND RUNOFF DATA,
169-01585 11
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SUBURBAN AREAS,
869-01663 01
METHOD OF AND MEANS FOB DEALING KITH STORM-8ATER OVEBFL08S
IN SEWERS AND LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
869-01690 02
UTILIZATION OF STREAM FOB STREAM DAMAGE.
869-01760 06
PROCEEDINGS OF TB.E THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY
ENGINEERS. QUEENSLAND, 1962.
H69-0176K 06
MANUAL FOR DRSAN PLANNING - CHAPTER V INDUSTRIAL LAND
PLANNING,
869-01770 06
HA DUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER III RESIDENTIAL LAND
PLANNING.
869-01772 06
DESIGN STORM HTBTOGIAPHS FROH STUDIES OF BAINFALL IN THE
BESTEHN AREA OF SIERRA LEONE,
-------
SUBJECT IHDEX
MANUAL OH URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER VI
PLANNING,
"69-01787
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
06
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE SURFACE WATER DBA IMAGE
SYSTEM OF HBHEL HEMPSTEAD,
W69-01868 09
UBBA1I HYDROLOGY - REDIRECTION,
"69-01885 10
ECONOHIC STUDY OF URBAN AND HIGHBAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
V69-01887 10
FLOODING FREQUENCIES FOB URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
"69-01893 10
WATERFRONT RENEWAL IN HETROPOLITAN AREAS,
"69-01909 10
BETARDATION OF DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC HATERS WITHIN THE AREA OF
A COMMUNITY,
H69-01920 11
HYDROLOGICAL AND EFFICIENCY INVESTIGATION METHOD IN
CONNECTION WITH ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT HATE OP SURFACE
DRAINAGE,
"69-01922 11
A PLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM FOR THE METROPOLITAN ST.
LOUIS SEWER DISTRICT,
"69-02158 01
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE AND EROSION CONTROL,
"69-02193 06
EMPIRICAL MODEL FOB PREDICTING DRAINAGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE,
"69-02201 06
ON THE IMPORTANCE OP VOLUME DISTRIBUTION IN THE CALCULATION
OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
"69-02251 11
SYNTHESIS OP INLET HYDBOGRAPH,
"69-02258
11
DRAWDOWN
DRAW-DOWN AND OTHER FACTORS RELATING TO DESIGN OF STORM-
"ATER OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS,
"69-01695 02
BOUIPMENT
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OP STORM OVERFLOW.
"69-01531 09
TV SEWER INSPECTIOH,
"69-01661 01
LARGEST SE»EB PHOTO INSPECTION,
"69-01662
01
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWINDON, 1962 - 1967,
"69-01696 02
ASCE SEWER PROJECT CONTINUES.
"69-01713 OK
HANDLING SANITARY SEWAGE AND STORM WATER, ROUND TABLE
Discussion.
"69-01731 05
BBMOTE CONTROL GROUTING OF SEWER LINE LEAKS,
"69-01718 05
TV GOES UNDERGROUND AT FORT LAUDERDALE,
"69-02075 01
TV INSPECTION OP SEVERS IMPROVES REPAIR PROGRAM,
"69-02085 01
AKRON MONITORS COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
"69-02130 01
PROGRESS REPORT-ASCE COMBINED SE»ER SEPARATION PROJECT,
"69-02141 01
"STUARIES
DELWARB ESTUARY COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PRELIMINARY REPOBT AND
FINDINGS.
"69-01522 08
DESIGN. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SEWER OUTFALLS III
ESTUAEINE AND TIDAL WATERS,
"69-01703 03
ELIMINATION OF MARGINAL POLLUTION—JAMAICA BAY.
"69-01792 07
THE DAY-TO-DAY POLLUTION PROBLEMS OP THE THAMES ESTBARY,
"69-01797 07
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE TIDAL ESTUARY,
"69-01817 07
SUTBOPHICATION OF ESTUABINE AREAS BY BAIN WATER,
"69-018H9 07
*HE EPPECT OF FRESH-IATBB RUN-OFF 0» A POPULATION OF
ESTIIARINE POLYCH1ETOUS ANNELIDS,
EUTROPHICATION
EUTROPBICATION OP ESTUABINE ABEAS BY RAIN WATER,
"69-01819 07
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOB IN EDTBOPHICATION.
"69-02222 07
FLOOD CONTROL
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITABY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEMS,
U69-01S62 10
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
"69-01751 06
RETENTION BASIN ELIMINATES NEED FOR COSTLY STORM SEWERS,
"69-01777 06
MANUAL OK URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER VI
PLANNING,
W69-01787
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
06
CONSIDERATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY IN STORM-WATER SEWERS,
W69-01788 06
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE TIDAL ESTUARY,
"69-01817 07
ECONOMIC STUDY OF URBAN AND HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-01887 10
ALLOCATION OP STORM DRAINAGE COSTS,
U69-01891
HARVARD GULCH FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT,
W69-01911
10
PLOOD POBECASTING
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF EFFECT OF URBANIZATION ON FLOODS III
JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI,
W69-01907 10
STORAGE ROUTING METHODS OP PLOOD ESTIMATION,
"69-02213 11
LONG-RANGE FORECAST OF CRITICAL DATES OF SPRING DISCHARGE
HYDROGBAPH FROM LOCAL INDICES OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION,
"69-02256 11
USE OP ANALOG MODELS IN ANALYSIS OF FLOOD RUNOFF,
V69-02261 11
FLOODS
ATTENUATION OP FLOOD WAVES IN PART-PULL PIPES,
W69-01552 10
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SUBUBBAN AREAS,
"69-01663 01
FLOOB CONTROL
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE GROUND.
"69-01712 01
PLOW CONTROL
AUTOMATIC CONTBOL VALVES,
W69-01660 01
POLYMER COAGULATOBS.
W69-01701 03
NATER POLLUTION B AND D GRANTS.
B69-01717 01
THE USE OF LAKES II CONNECTION WITH SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
"69-01811 07
SEWAGE TBEATMENT.
WATEB,
W69-01B72
SEPABATION AND TREATMENT OF STORK
09
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSES.
W69-01873
STORM TANKS,
09
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OP STORM OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
"69-02096 02
MAINTENANCE OP STORM FLOV REGULATORS,
"69-02108 0]
STORH-WATEB OVBBFLOIS
STILLING POND,
"69-02113
THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF A
02
THE TRUNK SEVER SYSTEM AND THE SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT OP THE
TOWN OP UTRECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACITY OP SEVERS AND PUMP
REGIME,
169-02162 01
PLOV MEASUREMENT
FLUID FLOV MEASUREMENT.
169-01656
01
PROGBESS REPOBT OF THE STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
W69-OI659 01
NEW INSTRUMENT CAN MEASURE SMAGE FLOV,
V69-0166S 01
TEMPORARY FLOI MEASUREMENT IN SEWERS AND DRAINS,
-------
PLO-HYD
H69-01667 01
* FIELD HBTHOD OP HEASOBI»G i»o RECORDING FLOW IN SEVERS,
N69-01668 01
METHODS AND BQOIPflEUT FOR THE HEASUBBMEIIT OP SEHACE FLON,
U69-01670 01
FLOII MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES,
H69-01672 01
* FIELD SSTHOD OF HEASOBIHG A»D BEC08DIJIG FLOH IS SEHERS,
H69-01671 01
DESIGN OP UNDERRATES STORH HATES OVE8FLOH STORAGE SYSTEM,
H69-01693 02
FLOB CHARACTERISTICS or PVC SEHES PIPE,
H69-01705 03
PRINCIPLES FOB CALCULATING FLOWS II SEPABATE AND COMBINED
SBHEB3,
H69-01727 01
IHTEBCEPTOR SEHBRS,
H69-01728 014
ELIMINATING INFILTRATIOB OF GROUND HATER IHTO 5EWEBS,
N69-017K3 05
STORM-HATER INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
•69-01816 07
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
Ho9-01845 07
PROGRESS RBPOBT OH THE STOBI) DBAIHAGE BESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
K69-01902 10
PLOH NEASUBEMENT,
K69-02080 01
ELBOU BETBB BEASUBES PLOH,
116 9-02087 01
SEWER DEPTH OF FLOU DBTEBrllHlMIOH,
US 9-02089 01
ON HEtSUBEIIEHTS OF STORH-SEHtGE OVEBFLOUS - 1 GBAPHICAI.
9BTHOD,
K69-02111 02
PLOU KESISTAIICE
THE BYDBAULIC BESISTUCE OF DRAIKAQE CONDUITS,
1169-01698 03
FLOKHETEB
DHDERUATEB STORAGE OP STOBH OVEBFLOK.
1169-01517 09
A FIELD METHOD OF B6ASUB1NG AND BECOBDING PLOU IN SEVERS,
ll«9-0167« 01
ELBOH HETEB MEASURES FLOR,
B69-02087 01
FLOVHETGBS
REV JUSTflUflEUT CAN KEASUIE SEKAGE PLOW,
U69-01665 01
SUBJECT INDEX
HOU COKBIHED SEUEBS AFFECT UATEB POLLUTION. PT 2,
U69-01851 07
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SBUERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
K69-01852 07
SE8EBAGE AND SEKAGB DISPOSAL IN RETROSPECT AMD PROSPECT,
U69-01888 10
GBQUHDWHEB
IBVESTIGATIOIIS IBTO THE U»IPORBITI OF BELATIOS BETWEEN
GBOUHD HATER ADD RAINFALL OVER PROLONGED PERIODS AND THE
POSSIBILITY OF PREDICTING GROUND HATER LEVELS HITH SPECIAL
CONSIDEBATION OF DRY PERIODS,
W69-01588 11
AI E?ALOATION OF THE PROBLEBS OF SANITARY SEHEB SYSTEH
DESIGN,
»69-017«2 05
ELiaiNATIMG INFILTBATION OF GRODND WATER INTO SEVERS,
H69-017»3 05
GROUND HATER CONTROL FOR HIGHHAYS,
H69-02197 06
GBOUND HATER RECHARGE - CONSEBVATION IN NASSAU COUNTY,
H69-022H1 09
PERCOLATION, GROUND-HATER DISCHARGE, AND STREAH PLOH IN THE
HIDD VALLEY,
H69-02265 11
GRODBDHATEB RECHABGE
HAISPAIL-RUN-OFP RELATIONS I» THE OPPEB GOULBURN RIVER
CATCBHEIIT, N.S.W.,
H69-01583 11
AQUIFER RECHARGING,
U69-01826 07
EIPEBIHEITS IN HATBB SPREADING AT NEHARK, DELAHABE,
H69-01865 09
DISPOSAL OF STOBN HATER BY GROUND HATER BECHARGE,
869-01877 09
CHARACTERIZATION, TBEATBENT A»D DISPOSAL OF DHBAN STORK
WATEB,
H69-0222H 07
GULF COAST
INFILTRATION AID SEUER FOUNDATIONS,
H69-017U7 05
HEAD LOSS
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAD LOSSES AT SEHER MANHOLES,
H69-01697 03
PROGRESS BEPORT-ASCE COMBINED SEHER SEPARATION PROJECT,
H69-02U1 01
HIGHHAYS
THE CONSTRUCTION OP RETABDIBG BASKS FOR THE DBAINAGE OP
MOTORHAYS,
H69-01532 09
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPRESSED CDBB-OPENING INLETS,
H69-01702 03
FLOK (IBASUBBIIEVT TECHNIQUES,
H69-01672
PLOH
H69-02080 01
SBAKTS
TREIDS IN FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR WATER POLLDTION COKTSOL.
H69-01S26 08
HATER POLLIITIQS CONTROL FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS,
H69-01529 08
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE GROUND.
H69-01712 09
HATER POLLUTION ft AND D GRANTS.
W69-01717 0»
MEAT BRITAIN
RATED POLLOTION RESEARCH, 1964.
169-01507
07
TECHNICAL PBOBIEHS OF RIVER AUTHORITIES AID SEHAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHOBITIBS IK LAYHO DOHX AID CODPIYIKG HITH LIMITS OF
QUALITY FOR IFFLDMTS MORE RESTRICTIVE THAU THOSE OP THE
ROYAL COMMISSION.
H69-01517 08
NORTtiUHBEBLAND AMD TTNESIDE BIVEB BOARD. ANNUAL REPORTS FOB
THE »EA8S B1IDEB THE 31ST DABCB, 1962 A»D THE 31ST BABCH,
1963.
H69-015H 08
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVEBK RIVER BOABD AND THE HYE RIVER
BOARD FOR THE YEAR BKDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
K69-01521 08
SEHAGE DISPOSAL,
H69-OIS31 08
OIL-SEPARATOR TANKS FOR MOTORHAYS IN THE RUHR VALLEY,
H69-01827 07
ENVIBONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HIGHHAYS,
869-0185H 07
DISPOSAL OF STORM HATER BY GROUND HATER RECHABGE,
H69-01877 09
ECONOMIC STUDY OP URBAN AND HIGHHAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
U69-01887 10
FLOODING FREQUENCIES FOB URBAN DBAINAGE DESIGN,
H69-01893 10
HIGHHAY DRAIIAGE AND EBOSION CONTROL,
H69-02193 06
GROUID HATES CONTROL FOB UIGHRAYS,
H69-02197 06
SHORTCOMINGS AND POTENTIAL OF ZONING,
H69-02200 06
FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF HIGHHAY DRAINAGE SECTIONS,
H69-02203 06
EFFECTS ON HINTEB STORM RUNOFF OH VEGETATION AND AS A FACTO'
IN STIEAM POLLUTION,
H69-0221* 07
HYDRAULIC DESIGN
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STOBH SEHAGE OVEBFLOHS INCORPORATING
STORAGE,
•69-01678 02
TABLES FOR THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STORM-DRAINS, SEHEBS, ADD
PIPE-LINES,
H69-01699 03
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPBESSED CURB-OPENING INL8TS,
•69-01702 03
DESIGN STOBH HYBTOGRAPHS FBOM STUDIES OP RAINFALL III THE
•ESTEBN ABEA OP SIERRA LEONE,
•69-01779 06
» CONTRIBUTION TO HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS OH LATEBALLY-
BAPFLED STORM-SBBAGE OVERFLOWS,
•69-02099 02
STORM VATEH OVERFLOW III EXISTING COMBINED SEUERS,
•69-02135 OH
SOX?. PROBLEMS IN THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OP SMALLER TREATMENT
•ORKS,
"69-02228 09
HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES
A GUIDE FOB ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STORM SEUEB SYSTEMS,
PREFACED BY THE REPORT OP THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON RAINFALL
AND RUN-OFF OF THE ROAD RESEARCH BOABD AND THE MINISTRY OP
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
•69-01766 06
HYDRAULICS
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH 1963 AND 1964, THE REPORTS OF THE
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH BOARD KITH THE REPORTS OF THE DIRECTOR
OF HYDRAULICS RESEARCH.
•69-01516 08
LINEAB ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP,
• 69-01924 11
A BASIC STUDY OF THE RAINFALL EXCESS-SURFACE BUS-OFP
RELATIONSHIP IN A BASIN SYSTEM,
•69-01925 11
THE APPLICATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY TO THE DESIGN OP SEUEBS,
•69-02194 06
AN INVESTIGATION INTO INFILTRATION AND INTERCEPTION BATES
DURING STORM RAINFALLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FLOOD
PREDICTION,
•69-02212 11
THE ROLE OF PARAMETRIC HYDBOLOGY,
•69-02249 11
STUDY OF R R L HYDROGBAPH METHOD OF DESIGNING SEVER SYSTEMS,
•69-02250 11
LONG-BANGE FORECAST OF CRITICAL DATES OF SPRING DISCHARGE
HYDROGBAPH FROM LOCAL INDICES OP ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION,
•69-02256 11
SYNTHESIS OP INLET HYDROGRAPH,
•69-02258 11
NON-LINEAR INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDROGRAPH THEORY,
•69-02262 11
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SEVER OUTFALLS IN
ESTUARINE AND TIDAL MATERS,
•69-01703 03
SOME HYDRAULIC ASPECTS OF SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
•69-01711 03
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS OH THE HYDRAULIC DIMENSIONING OF
STATIONARY RAIN OVERFLOWS.
"69-02098 02
H0» TO ANALYZE COMBINED SB»AGB-STOB«»ATEE COLLECTION
SYSTEMS,
•69-02159 01
HYDROGRAPH
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CURRENT WORKS AT GLENBOTHES NEW TOWN.
W69-02199 06
KYDROGBAPHS
ATTENUATION OF FLOOD WAVES IN PABT-FULL PIPES,
•69-01552 10
UNIT HYDBOGBAPH CHABACTERISTICS FOB SEWERED AREAS,
•69-01566 10
SOLUTION TO SURFACE HUSOPF PROBLEM,
•69-01572 11
PROBLEMS OF HYDROLOGICAL FORECASTS.
•69-01573 11
A TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF RUN-OFF HYDBOGBAPHS,
•69-01580 11
UNIT GRAPHS FOB NONUNIFORN RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION,
•69-01581 11
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HYDBOLOGIC CYCLE,
•69-01586 11
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OP FLOODS IN SUBURBAN AREAS,
•69-01663 01
A GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STOBM SEVER SYSTEMS,
PREFACED BY THE REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON BAINFALL
AND RUN-OFF OF THE ROAD BESEABCH BOARD AND THE MINISTRY OP
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVEBNHENT.
•69-01766 06
MAIN DRAINAGE FOR SKELMBBSDALE NEW TOHN,
•69-01781! 06
A METHOD OF COMPUTING URBAN RUNOFF,
•69-01884 10
THE HYDROLOGY OF URBAN RUNOFF,
•69-01897 10
BUNOFF ESTIMATION FOR VERY SHALL DRAINAGE AREAS,
«69-01900 10
THE HYDROLOGY OP SMALL IMPERVIOUS AREAS,
•69-01901 10
THE DESIGN OF URBAN SEVER SYSTEMS. RESCABCH INTO THE
RELATION BETVEEN RATE OF RAINFALL AND THE BATE OF FLOW IN
SEVERS,
•69-01905 10
TIDE IN URBAN HYDROLOGY,
•69-01906 10
» METHOD OF URBAN PR AID AGE DESIGN FOB REGIONS OF HIGH
BAINFALL INTENSITY,
•69-01910 10
ANALYSES AND APPLICATION OF SIMPLE HYDBOGBAPHS,
"69-01913 11
BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL AND HYDBOCHEHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LOCAL RUNOFF OF NATUBAL ZONES IN EUROPEAN TERRITORY OF U S S
SIMPLIFIED VERSUS OPTIMUM UNIT HYDROGBAPHS - ONE COMPARISON,
•69-02267 11
INFILTRATION
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SUBURBAN ABEAS.
•69-01663 01
INLETS
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTER CAPACITY,
•69-01789 06
I8STBOMENT
PBOGRESS REPORT OF THE STOBM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
•69-01659 01
INSTRUMENTATION
NINTH ANNUAL REPOBT, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBEB J1ST 1963.
•69-01515 03
A HORN FORETELLS SEKEB OVERFLOWS.
•69-01657 01
AUTOMATIC CONTBOL VALVES,
V69-01660 01
DESIGN OF UNDERRATES STORK WATBR OVERFLOW STORAGE SISTER,
•69-01693 02
CONSIDERATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY IN STORM-WATER SEBEBS,
• 69-01788 06
SOURCES AND CONTSOL OF BIVER POLLUTION,
•69-01822 07
USE OF STOBN RUNOFF FOB ARTIFICIAL BECHABGE,
•69-01864 09
PROGRESS REPOBT ON THE STOBM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
•69-01902 10
THE DESIGN OF URBAN SEDER SYSTEMS. RESEARCH INTO THE
RELATION BETWEEN BATE OF RAINFALL AND THE RATE OF FLOW IN
SEVERS,
•69-01905 10
RADAR ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL,
•69-02082 01
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAMPLING AND GAGING UNIT,
•69-02088 01
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OF BAIN9ATEB OVERFLOWS,
•69-02100 02
MAINTENANCE Of STOBS PLOW REGULATORS,
•69-02108 02
INTAKES
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPBESSED CURB-OPENING INLETS,
•69-01702 03
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STOBM WATER INLETS.
•69-01704 03
ECONOMIC STUDY OF URBAN AND HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
•69-01887 10
PBOGRBSS REPOiT ON THE STOBN DRAINAGE 8ESEABCR PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
•69-01902 10
COMBINED SYSTEM OP SEWERAGE WITH LIMITED BAV WATER INLET,
•69-02133 04
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
TUB DESIGN OF STORM SEWEBS,
W69-02178
STREAM ANALYSES,
W69-02160
STORB SEWER DESIGK BIT THE INLET BETHOD,
U69-02179 06
LEAVES WON'T CLOG THIS CATCH BASIN,
W69-02I82 06
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING IN A NEB TOWN—P80GB8SS AND
PBOBLEHS,
•69-02230 09
SYNTHESIS OP INLET HYDBOG8APH,
W69-02258 11
CHARACTERISTICS OP THE INLET HYDROGHAPH,
W69-02275 11
INTERCEPTING SEWEBS
CHEMICAL CONTROL OP HATER QUALITY IN A TIDAL BASIS,
»69-01832 07
POLLUTION CONTROL POR STORB HATERS AND COHBINED SEWEB
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02127 04
INTERCEPTOR SEWERS
TO RESTORE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
W69-01S36 09
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
W69-01538 09
BONITORING STOBH-WATEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-01664 01
DESIGN OP UNDERWATER STORM WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEM,
W69-01693 02
ONE CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PROBLBB OP COHBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02161 04
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OP SEWAGE—STORB WATER
MIXTURES,
W69-02211 07
JABAICA BAY(S
BLIBINATIOH OP BARSISAt POLLUTION—JABAICA BAY.
W69-01792 07
KANSAS CITY(BO
SEASOREBENT OP BANKING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
W69-01709 03
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEBENT PROGBAB,
•69-01823 07
KANSAS CITY(HO)
EXFILTRATION TESTING OP LARGE SEWERS III KANSAS CITY, BO.,
W69-01741 05
LAKE ERIE
TO BESTORE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
W69-01536 09
A PLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
W69-01537 09
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
W69-01538 09
LAKE BICHIGAN
CLEAN DP OF LAKE BICHIGAN.
W69-01500 07
INTERCEPTORS HAVE UNUSUAL DESIGN FEATURES,
W69-01725 01
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE BICHIGAN,
W69-01845
INTERCEPTOR SEWERS,
W69-01728 04
REPORT ON POLLUTION FROB OVERFLOWS - THE BETBOPOLITAN
SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO.
W69-01790 07
DESIGN CRITERIA POR INTERCEPTOR SEWEBS FOB SI LOUIS,
W69-0179B 07
POLLUTION CONTROL BEASURES FOB STOBBWATEBS AND COMBINED
SEWER OVERFLOWS,
H69-01810 07
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEWERAGE SYSTEB,
W69-01829 07
ADBINISTBATIVB AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
METROPOLITAN SEWER DISTRICT,
W69-01837 07
THE HINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL SANITARY DISTRICT - OPERATION AND
EXPANSION,
•69-01838 07
A STUDY OF LAKE MICHIGAN CHEBICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND
PHYSICAL,
W69-02219 07
LAKES
THE USE OF LAKES IN CONNECTION WITH SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01814 07
LAND USE
DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN AN AREA CHANGING FROB RURAL TO URBAN,
W69-01523 08
DRAINAGE AND BEST USE OF URBAN LAND,
W69-01559 10
EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON WATER BESOURCES,
W69-01564 10
EFFECT OF URBAN GROWTH ON STREAMPLOW REGIBEN OP PEBHANENTE
CREEK, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIP,
W69-01571 10
SEDIBENT IN SBALL BESERVOIBS DUE TO URBANIZATION,
1169-01820 07
THE POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OP STORH WATER OVERFLOWS FROB
COBBINED SEWERS,
•69-01843 07
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE BICHIGAN,
1169-018145
07
AOTOBATED PUBPINS STATIONS FOB OUR NATION'S CAPITAL,
•69-01878 09
PROVIDING PRIBARI TREATMENT FOB STORB SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
H69-01880 09
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STORM WATEB OVERFLOWS,
1169-02103 02
EVALUATION OP DISPERSED POLLUTIONAL LOADS,
•69-01848 07
URBAN HYDBOLOGY - BEDIBECTION,
W69-01885
DETERBISATION OP BUH-OPP COEFFICIENTS,
W69-01889 10
ALLOCATION OP STORB DRAINAGE COSTS,
•69-01891
THE HYDROLOGY OF URBAN RUNOFF,
W69-01897
SOIL AND WATER PROBLEMS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
OVERFLOWS OF SANITARY SEWAGE PROB COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEBS,
•69-02122 04
AKRON BONITOBS COBBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
869-02130 04
INTERCEPTING SEWERS AND STORH STANDBY TANKS AT COLUBBUS,
OHIO,
V69-02132 04
LEAK DETECTION
NINTH ANNUAL BEPOBT, POR THE YEAR ENDED DECEBBER 31ST 1963-
•69-01515 08
EIPILTBATION TESTING OF LARGE SEWERS IN KANSAS CITY, BO.,
•69-01741 05
TV GOES UNDERGROUND AT PORT LAUDERDALE,
•69-02075 01
RATIONAL DETERMINATION OP STORH OVERFLOWS FROM INTERCEPTING
SEWEBS,
•69-02134 04
EXTENSIVE SEWERAGE WILL CURB POLLUTION OP A BAT,
•69-02154 04
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OP BUSTING INTERCEPTORS,
•69-02156 OH
A PLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR SISTBIf FOR THE METROPOLITAN ST.
LOUIS SEVER DISTRICT,
W69-02158 04
DIVERSION FACTORS FOB COBBINED SEWERS BASED ON SEWAGE AND
LOW PRESSURE AIB TEST POR SANITARY SEWERS,
•69-02167 05
EXPERIENCE IN USING LOW-PRESSURE AIB TEST FOR SANITABI
SEVERS,
•69-02168 05
LOW PRESSURE AIB TEST FOB SANITARY SEWERS,
•69-02169 05
REHABILITATION OP SANITARY SEWER LINES,
•69-02171 05
SEWEBS CAN BE REBUILT BY REMOTE CONTROL,
•69-02173 05
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
LEGISLATION
REPORTS ON THE PROGBESS OF APPLIED CHEBISTRY.
861-01505 07
NEW YOHK STATE MUNICIPAL HATER HID SEWAGE,
•69-01525 08
TBEKDS III FINANCIAL SUPPORT P08 WATEB POLLUTION CONTROL,
•69-01526 08
HARVARD GULCH FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT,
•69-01911 10
DISSIPATIVE RIVER PLOW BODEL,
W69-01917
STORK SEWAGE SEPARATION BI HELICAL MOTION,
W69-02090 02
INTERPRETING THE 1951 RIVEBS POLLUTION PREVENTION JCT,
•69-01527 08
• ATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS,
"69-01529 08
ALLOCATION OF STOBM DBAINAGE COSTS,
"69-01891
10
H«I»GRAD( RUSSIA)
POLLUTION OP STORM RUHOPP IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LARGE j
TOWNS,
•69-02209 07
UOYD-DAVIBS FOBBULA
DRAINAGE (SEWERAGE).
•69-01718 OH
» GUIDE FOH ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STORB SEWER SYSTEBS,
PBEFACED BY THE REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON RAINFALL
»8D RUN-OFF OF THE ROAD RESEARCH BOARD AND THE BINISTRY OF
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
•69-01766 06
l"»DON(GREAT BRITAIN)
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
"69-017514 06
l»S AHGELF.S(CALIP)
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE TIDAL ESTUABI,
•69-018147 07
"•IHTEHANCE
HANDLING SANITARY SEWAGB AND STORK UATEB, ROUND TABLE
DISCUSSION.
•69-017314 05
STORB DRAINAGE SYSTEBS.
•69-01769
06
"'"HOLES
CHICAGO ACTS TO ATTACK COMBINED SEWEB PROBLEM.
•69-01512 08
*N INVESTIGATION OF HEAD LOSSES AT SEWEB MANHOLES,
•69-01697 03
PIPE JOINTS LIBIT INFILTRATION,
•69-01739 05
THE DESIGN OF STORK SEWERS,
"69-02178 06
*»»NING FORMULA
HOW TO SIZE CONDUITS FOR STORB SE"E»S,
•69-021814 06
*'l»AUKEE( WIS
"ILWAUKBE SEEKS TO SOLVE POLLUTION PROBLEM.
•69-01539 09
""DEL STUDIES
*> EVALUATION OF THE INFLOW-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS IN
HYDROLOGIC STUDIES,
"69-01555 10
SCALE BODEL OF URBAN RUNOFF FROB STORM RAINFALL,
"69-01570 10
CONCEPTION OF A BODEL FOB DETERMINING THE LAWS OF BAIN
DISCHARGE RELATIONS ,
•69-01576 11
SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RAINFALL-RUNOFF ESTIBATION,
'69-01577 11
1 BATHBMATlCAt MODEL FOR RELATING RUN-OFF TO RAINFALL WITH
»«ILY DATA,
"69-01579 11
l*BO«ATOBY STUDY OF WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
"'9-015814 11
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HJDROLOGIC CYCLE,
"9-01586 11
l*BO»ATORY STUDIES OF STORB OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
•69-01679 02
H'DRAULIC BEHAVIOR OP STOBH WATER INLETS,
"69-017014 03
l»BOBATOBY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL INFILTRATION THROUGH PIPE
JOINTS,
«69-017»9 05
5»THS OP POLLUTION I» NEW Y08K HARBOR-MODEL STUDY,
•69-01828 07
'CONOHIC STUDY OF URBAN AND HIGHWAY DBAINAGE SYSTEMS,
MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF STORM-KATES
OVERFLOWS ADD THEIB EFFECT ON THE SEHAGE WORKS AND THE
RECEIVING STBBAB,
W69-02091 02
TESTS ON A BODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OP BAINWATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02100 02
SECONDARY BOTIONS APPLIED TO STORB SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02109 02
5TORB-WATER OVERFLOWS T8E OPEBATION AND DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND,
W69-02113 02
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORBANCE OF VORTEX OVERFLOWS,
W69-02114 02
STORAGE ROUTING BETHODS OF FLOOD ESTIBATION,
W69-022143 11
A CATCHMENT STORAGE MODEL FOR RUN-OFF ROUTING,
W69-022U14 11
REGRBSSION MODELS FOB PREDICTING ON-SITE RUN-OFF FROM SHORT
DURATION CONVECTIVE STORMS,
U69-02260 11
A HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR THE CATCHMENT-STREAM PROBLEB. III.
COMPARISON WITH BUN-OPF OBSERVATIONS,
"69-02277 11
HYDBAULIC HODBL FOB CATCHMENT-STREAM PBOBLEM,
W69-02278 11
BOLE TUNNELING
SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN BIVEB PROJECT,
W69-02076 01
NETHERLANDS
THE STORM-WATER COMPROMISE,
W69-02155 OH
NEW OELEIN3(LA
NEW ORLEANS HAS GRANT TO TREAT STOBH WATEB.
W69-015UO 09
NEW OBLEANS(IA)
DETERMINATION OP RUN-OFF COEFFICIENTS,
•69-01889 10
NEW YORK
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OP SEWER OUTFALLS III
ESTUARUB AND TIDAL WATERS,
W69-01703 03
SEW YOBK(N
•HAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FROM STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS.
• 69-015014 07
CITY PLANS TO TSEAT STORM WATER.
W69-015II6 09
NEW ZEALAND
TIME ANALYSIS OP RAINFALL ON UBBAN CATCHMENT,
W69-01561 10
NUTBIENTS
SOUBCES OP NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES. TASK
GROUP REPOBT.
W69-OH97 07
OIL POLLUTION
OIL-SEPARATOR TANKS FOR BOTOBWAYS IN THE BUHB VALLEY,
•69-01827 07
OHAFIA(SEBS)
INTEBCEPTOUS HAVE UNUSUAL DESIGN FEATURES,
W69-01725 014
OTTlWi(CANADA)
SEWEB WITHIN A SBVKR.
W69-01720
014
OOTLETS
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AMD OPERATION OP SEWER OUTFALLS IH
ESTUARINE AND TIDAL WATERS,
W69-01703 03
MEASUREMENT OF STORB WATER OUTLETS IN COBBINBD SEWEBS BY THE
THBOTTLE-PIPE PROCESS,
W69-02112 02
WEST HARTLBPOOL SEWERAGE SCHEME WILL CLEAN BEACHES,
W69-021H3 014
THE DESIGN OF STORM SEVERS,
-------
OUT-OVE
•69-02178 06
ARE PROTECTED STORK MATED OUTLETS DANGEROUS TO STREAKS,
•69-02189 06
HIGHWAY D8AINAGB AND EBOSION CONTROL,
W69-02193 06
OVERFLOW
STORK OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
•69-01«9« 07
THE QUALITY OF STORK WEATHER FLO»,
• 69-0119-i 07
POLLUTION OF THE RIVER KERSEY.
•69-01501 07
•HAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FROM STORM SBVAGE OVERFLOWS.
•69-0150U 07
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUMBERLAND BIVEB BOARD, THE
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE BIVER BOARD, AND THE WEAR AND
TEES RIVER BOARD FOR THE YEAS ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1964.
•69-01508 07
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS BEING FOR THE YEARS
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST HABCB, 1964.
•69-01509 07
TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH STATUTORY ANNUAL REPORTS, YEARS ENDED
31ST MABCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 196H.
•69-01510 07
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVEB BOABD. ANNUAL REPORTS FOR
THE YEARS ENDED THE 31ST BABCH, 1962 AND THE 31ST KARCH,
1963.
•69-01519 08
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVEBN BIVER BOARD AND THE WYE BIVEB
BOARD FOB THE YEAB ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
•69-01521 08
DELWARE ESTUARY COKPBEHENSIVE STUDY PRELIMINARY BEPOBT AND
FINDINGS.
•69-01522 08
INTBRPBETINS THE 1951 DIVERS POLLUTION PBEVENTIOI ACT,
W69-01527 08
FINE SCREENS FOB COMBINED SEWAGE.
W69-01533 09
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STOBM OVERFLOW.
•69-0153U 09
$5,729,103 AWARD FOB WATER POLLUTION BESEABCH.
•69-01535 09
A CLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
•69-01537 09
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
169-01538 09
MILWAUKEE SEEKS TO SOLVE POLLUTION PROBLEM.
•69-01539 09
NEU ORLEANS HAS GRANT TO TBEAT STOBH WATER.
• 69-OWO 09
ELHBRIDGC WATER POLLUTION CONTROL WORKS.
•69-0151(2 09
TUNNEL WILL STORE STOBM RDHOFF.
•69-01543 09
CITY PLANS TO TBEAT STORM WATER.
•69-015U6 09
UNDERWATER STORAGE OF STOBK OVEBFLON.
•69-015*7 09
UNDERWATER TANKS WILL STORE BUD-OFF WATER.
•69-01518 09
UNIT HJDBOGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS FOB SEWEBED AREAS
•69-01564 10 '
A HOBN FORETELLS SEWEB OVERFLOWS.
¥69-01657 01
10NITORIIG STOBR-WATEB OVERFLOWS,
•69-016611 01
THEORETICAL COBSIDEBATIOI OF SIDE WEIBS AS SIOBK HATER
N69-01677* 02
HYDRAULIC DBSIOD OF STOBM S!»AGE OVERFLOWS INCORPORATING
1169-01678 02
LABOBATOBY STDDIBS OF STOBK OVERFLOWS «ITH UNSTEADY FtOl
•69-01679 02 *
AUTOKATIC CONTROL OF POHPIB6 INSTALLATIONS,
•69-01680 02
«!"£««" **"* POII-II«°» " COMBINED SEWEB OVMFIOWS
•o9'~OlDB i 02
SUBJECT INDEX
PRELIBIBARY GUIDANCE FOR THE CALCULATION AND DESIGN OF STORB
SEWAGE OVERFLOWS IN COKBINED SEWAGE SYSTEHS.
•69-01682 02
SKIPTON-5ILSDEN SEWERAGE FINISHED AHEAD OF SCHEDULE.
W69-OI68K 02
RELIEVING OVERLOAD ON TAHWORTH SEWAGE WOBKS.
W69-01686 02
PVC SEA OUTFALL IN HUNSTANTON SEWAGE SCHEBE.
•69-01687 02
NEW SEWAGE WOBKS COHKISSIONED AT LEICESTER.
869-01688 02
KETHOD OF AND KEANS FOR DEALING WITH STORK-WATER OVERFLOWS
III SEWEBS AND LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEKS.
W69-01690 02
TECHNICAL COKHITTEE ON STOBK OVEBFLOWS AND THE DISPOSAL OF
STORK SEWAGE.
•69-01691 02
STORB WATER OVERFLOBS. THE USB OF SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
•69-01692 02
DESIGN OF UNDERWATER STORK WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEK,
•69-01693 02
DRAW-DOWN AND OTHER FACTORS DELATING TO DESIGN OF STORH-
WATEB OVEBFLOWS ON SEWEBS,
•69-01695 02
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWINDON, 1962 - 1967,
• 69-01696 02
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SEWER OUTFALLS IN
ESTDARINE AND TIDAL WATERS,
W69-01703 03
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEH GETS OFF THE GROUND.
•69-01712 OM
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COHBINED SENEBS.
•69-01715 0«
DRAINAGE (SEWSBAGE).
•69-01718
OH
01
DISPOSAL OF KUNICIPAL SEWAGE (WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AND
ABATEKENT).
W69-01721 OH
STOBK-WATEB OVERFLOWS FROH COKBINBD SEWEBS,
W69-01726 0«
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF COHBINED SEWEB OVERFLOWS ON
THE DETBOIT RIVER,
W69-01730 Oa
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED SEVERS,
•69-01771 06
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTER CAPACITY,
•69-01789
06
BEPOBI OD POLLUTION FROK OVERFLOWS - THE KETROPOLITAN
SANITA8I DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO.
•69-01790 07
PBELIBINAHJ POLLUTION STUDY UPPER EAST BIVER.
W69-01791
07
ELIKINATION OF BABGINAL POLLUTION—JAKAICA BAY.
•69-01792 07
INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION OF EASTCHESTEB BAY.
•69-01793 07
POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF STORBWATEB AND OVEBFLOWS FROB
COHBINED SEWEB SYSTBKS.
•69-01795 07
SBlF-PURIflCATIOD IN KOSSELS FROH THE KEDITEBRANEAN-ITS
USEFULNESS -ITS ACCOKPLISHHENT-BBSULTS OBTAINED,
•69-01803 07
FIELD STUDIES Oil THE FLO« AID COMPOSITION OF STORK SENAGE,
•69-01807
(•LBVBLABu,
•69-01808
07
SUBVEY OF STREAMS AND BATHING BEACHES AT
07
SMEB"?* co*TB°l ""SBBBS *OR STOBBHATERS AND COHBINED
•69-01810 ' 07
SE«BBTOVE £°m01< ""SUBES FOB STOBH »ATERS AND COBBINEB
•69-01811 '
'"BRGBONTHS I» CHLORINATED STOBK OVEBFLOBS,
-01813 Q-J
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
STORM-WATEH INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
W69-01816 07
POLLUTION PREVENTION IN NORTHERN IRELAND,
W69-01818 07
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYDRAULIC DIMENSIONING OP
STATIONARY RAIN OVERFLOWS,
W69-02098 02
A CONTRIBUTION TO HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS ON LATERALLY-
BAFFLED STORB-SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02099 02
THE RETENTION OF POLLUTING NATTER FROB STOBN OVERFLOWS,
W69-01819 07
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OF RAINWATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02100 02
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEMENT PROGRAM,
W69-01823 07
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING OF SEWAGE WORKS,
W69-0182U 07
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
W69-01829 07
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF WATBB QUALITY IN A TIDAL BASIN,
W69-01832 07
THE STORAGE AND DISCHARGE CAPACITIES OF SEWERAGE AND THE
OPERATING FREQUENCY OF STORM OVERFLOWS DUTCH METHOD OF
CALCULATION,
W69-02101 02
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY OF STORM WATER OVERFLOWS IN
COMBINED SBWESAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02102 02
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02103 02
EFFECT OF STORM OVERFLOWS ON RIVER QUALITY,
W69-01833 07
PROBLEMS IN THE CALCULATION OF STORM WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-01831 07
THE STORM-SEWAGE POLLUTION PROBLEM,
W69-01835 07
THE BINSEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL SANITARY DISTRICT - OPERATION ASD
EXPANSION,
W69-01838 07
OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWERS IN WASHINGTON, D C,
W69-01839 07
SEWAGE LOAD OF RECEIVING STREAMS FROM MIXED SEWEBS,
W69-01810 07
ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTRIBUTION IN EAST RIVER,
W69-018U2 07
THE POLLUTIONAL EFFECTS OF STOBM WATER OVERFLOWS FBOM
COMBINED SEWERS,
W69-01813 07
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS AND RIVER POLLUTION,
W69-018UII 07
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
W69-018U5 07
MEBRIMACK BIVER POLLUTION ABATEMENT STUDY,
W69-018H6 07
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEWERS OK POLLUTION CONTBOL,
W69-01852 07
THE PERMISSIBLE DILUTION AT STORM WATER OUTLETS,
W69-01853 07
CITY OF MILWAUKEE.
W69-01857 09
TREATMENT OF OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWEBAGE SYSTEMS BY USE
OF STORM WATER STORAGE AND CHLORINATION.
W69-01858 09
CHICAGO METRO SAKITABY DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
W69-01863 09
PROVIDING PRIMARY TREATMENT FOB STORM SEWAG! OVERFLOWS,
869-01880 09
EFFECT OF STORAGE ADD SKIMMING ON COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-01882 09
DESIGNING OF SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-01883
09
RETARDATION OP DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC HATERS WITHIN THE AREA OF
A COMMUNITY,
W69-01920 11
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW-HEAD SBLF-PRIIUNS SIPHONS,
W69-0196H 02
STOKM SEWAGE SEPARATION BY HELICAL MOTION,
W69-02090 02
MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OP STORM-WATER
OVERFLOWS AND THEIB EFFECT ON THE SEWAGE WOBKS AND TBB
RECEIVING STREAM,
W69-02091 O2
STOBM FLOWS FROM COMBINED SIWEBAOE SYSTEM I» THREE AREAS,
W69-02093 "2
USE OF STOBM WATER OVEBPLOWS ON SB«B«S THEI8 DESIRABILITY,
AND BISKS OF POLLUTION,
W69-0209H °2
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF STOBM OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
•69-02096 °2
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 °2
W69-02101 02
ONE WAY TO BYPASS A LARGE SEWER,
W69-02105 02
RECONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLOWS,
W69-02106 02
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02107 02
SECONDARY MOTIONS APPLIED TO STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02109 02
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT MODIFIED FOR INCREASED SOLIDS LOADING,
W69-021.10 02
ON MEASUBEHENTS OF STORM-SEWAGE OVEBFLOWS - A GRAPHICAL
METHOD,
W69-02111 02
MEASUREMENT OF STOBM WATEB OUTLETS IN COMBINED SEWEBS BY THE
THBOTTLE-PIPE PROCESS,
W69-02112 02
STORB-WATEB OVERFLOWS THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND,
W69-02113 02
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PEBPORNANCE OF VORTEX OVEBFLOWS,
W69-0211I4 02
THE PBOBLEMS OP STOSM-WATBB OVEBPLOWS,
W69-02115 02
THE TBEATMENT OF STOBM SEWAGE,
W69-02116 02
PROBLEM OF DESIGN OP INTEBCEPTING DEVICES KITH OVERFLOW
BJJIBS IN COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS,
W69-02117 02
HOW TO PLACE STOBM SPILLWAY IN COMBINED STOBM AND SANITABY
SEWEB SYSTEM,
W69-02118 02
HYDBAOLIC ASSUMPTIONS III CALCULATING STOBM-WATEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-02119 02
THE EPPECT OF DELAYED DISCHABGE ON THE CALCULATION OF STORM-
SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02120 02
THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION IN PLANNING SEWEB SYSTEMS,
W69-02121 Oil
OVERFLOWS OF SAKITABY SEWAGE PBON COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02122 OK
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OP 'COMBINED' SEWEBAGE,
W69-02123 Oil
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OP COMBINED SEWERAGE,
W69-0212II 0«
POLLUTION CONTROL FOB STOBM WATERS AND COMBINED SEWEB
OVEBPLOWS,
W69-02127 01
AKRON MONITORS COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02130 0«
STOIH WATER AND COMBINED SEWAGE OTEBFLOWS,
W69-02131 01
INTERCEPTING SEWEBS AND STORM STANDBY TANKS AT COLUMBUS,
OHIO,
W69-02132 04
RATIONAL DETERMINATION OP STOBM OVZ8FLOWS PBOM INTEBCEPTING
SEWEBS,
W69-02131 Oil
STORM WATEB OVERFLOW II EXISTING COMBINED SEWERS,
B69-02135 Oil
WATEB SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN BEBLIN,
W69-02136 04
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
EQUIPMENT, METHODS AND RESULTS FROM WASHINGTON, D C,
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOW STUDIES,
W69-02117 OH
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02138 OH
SEPARATE SYSTEMS-COMBINED SYSTEMS,
W69-02139 OH
WEST HABTLEPOOL SEWEBAGE SCHEME WILL CLEAN BEACHES,
U69-021D3 OH
DESIGN OF RAIN OVERFALLS IN DRAINAGE NETWORKS AND SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANTS,
W69-021HH OH
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STORM-WATEfl PROTECTIVE MEASURES OH THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM,
W69-021H5 OH
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-021H7 OH
FREQUENCY OF FLOW OVER STOBM-WATEB OVEBFLOWS AND STOBAGE
POSSIBILITIES IN THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
W69-021H8 OH
NEW PRINCIPLES FOR THE ARRANGEMENT OP STORM WATEB OVERFLOWS,
WS9-021H9 OH
NEW PROCESS FOR SIMPLE CALCULATION OP DILUTION VALUES FOR
STORM WATER OVERFLOWS IK COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02150 OH
DNDEBFLOW SEWERS FOB CHICAGO,
W69-0215) OH
EFFECT OF STOBM WATER ON THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
RECEIVING STREAMS,
W69-02153 OH
THE STORM-WATER COflPBOKISE,
W69-02155 OH
A BRIEF HISTOBY OF POLLUTION PBOBLEMS AND POLLUTION CONTROL
IN THE CITY OF LONDON, OUT,
W69-02157 0»
HOW TO ANALYZE COMBINED SEWAGE-STOBHWATER COLLECTION
SYSTEMS,
W69-02159 OH
DIVERSION FACTOBS FOR COMBINED SEWERS BASBD ON SEWAGE AND
STREAM ANALYSES,
W69-02160 OH
ONE CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PBOBLBH OF COMBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
H69-02161 OH
REDUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SEWEB LOADING BY DOWNSPOUT REMOVAL.
W69-02166 OS
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITABY SEWER EXTENSIONS.
W69-02172 05
HOW TO SIZE CONDUITS FOB STOBM SEWERS,
W69-02W 06
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SEWAGE—STORM WATEB
MIXTURES,
W69-02211 07
SEWABB DISPOSAL III TUB REGION OF THE LOWER LAKE THDN,
W69-02213 07
STOBM-WtTEa OVERFLOWS,
W69-0221H
07
A STUDY OF LARB DICBIGAN CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AID
PHYSICAL,
W69-02219 07
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DEGREES OF DILUTION IN THE SEWERS AT
THE STOBM WATEB OUTLET, AHD III THE RECEIVING STREAM,
W69-02220 07
STORM SEWAGE OVEBPLOW3 - A HAJOB POLLUTION SOURCE,
W69-02221 07
UBBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOR IN BUTEOPHICATIOX,
W69-02222 07
COWTBOL OF POLLUTION FROM. CONBIIED SEWBB SISTERS,
W69-02235 09
OVE8FI.OW FLOW COMEOL
TO RESTORE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
W69-01S36 09
OVERFLOWS
PLANT WILL HALT STORM POLLUTION.
W69-015HH 09
SEATTLE SEF.S VICTORY III ITS BATTLE AGAINST POLLUTIOH.
W&9-01SH5 09
CHICAGO STUDIES PLAN FOB CONTROLLING COMBINED SIWEI
OVERFLOWS.
H69-01689 "2
COMPUTERS TO CONTROL COMBINED SEWERS.
W69-01716 01
SEWER SEPARATION.
W69-01719 OH
SLUDGE DEPOSITS IN STREAMS FROM STOBM WATER OUTLETS,
W69-01830 07
OXIDATION LAGOOHS
STORM WATER OVERFLOW IN EXISTING COMBINED SEWEBS,
W69-02135 OH
OZONE
WHAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION PROM STORM SEWAGE OVEBFLOWS.
W69-0150H 07
PATH OP POLLUTANTS
PATHS OF POLLUTION I» NEW YORK HARBOB-HODEL STUDY,
W69-01828 07
POLLUTION STUDY OP A FUTURE TIDAL ESTOABY,
W69-018H7 07
PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
SELF-PURIFICATION IK MUSSELS FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN-ITS
USEFULNESS -ITS ACCOMPLISHMENT-RESULTS OBTAINED,
U69-01803 07
CHLOBINATION OF MIXED SEWAGE AHD STOBM WATEB,
W69-01867 09
THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL SEWAGE PURIFICATION WORKS,
STABILIZATION PONDS, AND MATURATION PONDS WITH BESPECT TO
THE SUBVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AHD IHDICATOB OBGANISMS,
W69-01876 09
STORK WATEB AND COMBINED SEWAGE OVEBFLOWS,
W69-02131 OH
URBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION,
W69-02223 07
PIPES
KYDBAULICS RESEARCH 1963 AND 196H. THE REPORTS OF THE
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH BOARD WITH THE REPOBTS OF THE DIBECTOR
OF BYDHiDlICS BBSBA0CB.
W69-01516 08
FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT.
W69-01658 01
PLOW VELOCITY IW PARTLY FILLED PIPES,
W69-01707
03
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL INFILTRATION THROUGH PIPE
JOINTS,
W69-017H9 05
EFFECTS OF USE OH THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OP DRAINAGE
CONDUITS,
W69-01752 06
SEW IOHK STATE SUKICIPAL WATER AND SEWAGE
W69-01525 oa
ACHIEVEMENTS FOB A PLAN OF WORKS.
W69-01558
DETERMIIATI08 OF BUNOFF FOR URBAN STORM WATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
W69-01560 10
PEBIMETEB DBAINAGE TO PBOTECT UBBAN LANDS,
U69-01565 10
MANUAL FOB URBAN PLANHIHG - CHAPTER V INDUSTRIAL LAND
W69-01770 06
MANUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER III RESIDENTIAL LAND
PLANKING*
W69-01772 06
PLAWNIN0" U8BAN PLANNING - CHAPTEB VI COMMUNITY FACILITIES
W69-01787 ne
10
ALLOCATION OF STOBM DRAINAGE COSTS,
EFFECT OF VABIOUS ST08H-WATER PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON THE
SEWAGE SISTBM.
W69-021H5 ou
EFFBCT OF STORB WATEB 01 THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
BECEIVUG STREAMS,
W69-02153 H
AND SOLUTIONS,
PLASTIC PIPES
SEWEB WITHIN A SEWEB.
W69-01720
0,
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
PLA-8AI
* NE» HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEB,
869-02185 06
EFFECT OP USING CONTINUALLY SUBMEBGED DRAINS OS DflAIN
SPACINGS,
H69-02205 06
ADJUSTMENT OP BADtB ESTIMATES OF ST08B BEAN BAINFALL »ITH
BAI» GAGE DATA,
•69-01673 01
STUDIES OP SEVERE BAIHSTORBS III ILLINOIS,
•69-01896 10
POLYME8S
TESTS CHEMICAL TBEATMEHT OP STOBB OVE8PLOB.
•69-01534 09
PBOGBESS BEPOBT ON THE STOBH DBAINAGE RESEABCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
•69-01902 10
TO 8ESTOBB LAKE EBIE BEACHES.
W69-01536 09
FEDEBAL GBANT TO HELP BESTOBE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
•69-01538 09
POLYMEB COAGULATOBS.
B69-01701 03
REHABILITATION OP SANITABY SEUE8 LINES,
•69-02171 05
METHOD OP CLEANISG SBBBR SYSTEMS,
•69-02238 09
POTOltAC BIVEB
P80TECTIN8 THE POTOMAC AT BASHINGTON,
•69-01861 09
PRECIPITATION
DOUBLE-MASS ANALYSIS ON COMPUTER,
W69-02263
11
BASIC GEOGBAPHICAL AND HYD80CHEMICAL CBABACTEBISTICS OF
LOCAL BDNOFF OF NATURAL ZONES IN EUROPEAN TEBBITOBI OP U S S
B,
•69-02264 11
PBESSURE CONDUITS
PBOGBESS BEPOBT-ASCE COMBINED SE»EB SEPARATION PBOJECT,
•69-02141 OH
PUMPING
IMPROVEMENTS TO SEKAGE TBEATMENT AT BATH.
869-01541 09
RAINFALL AT NEK ORLEANS AND ITS BEHOVAL,
869-01568 10
BUILT TO at SEEN,
•69-01675 01
AtlTOHATIC CONTROL OF PUMPING INSTALLATION,
1169-01680 02
PVC SEA OUTFALL IN HUNSTANTON SEBAGE SCHEME.
869-01687 02
ASCE SEHER PBOJECT COmHUES.
•69-01713 OH
EFFECTS OP INPILTBATIOB,
•69-01736
OS
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEUBRAGE SYSTEM,
S69-01B29 07
THE TRUNK SEHEB SYSTEM AND THE SBBASE-TBEATBENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OP UTBECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACITY OF SEVERS AND PUNP
REGIME,
•69-02162 "I
Oil RETENTION IN STORH-SEBAGE PUMPING STATIONS AND STOBB-
SEBAGE TANKS,
•69-02181 "°
QULAITY CONTROL
BESIDENTIAL OSE AND BISUSB OP SANITABY SBBBBS.
•69-01737 °5
BADAB MEASUBEMENT
BESULTS OP RADAR MEASOflEBEHTS OP LIOOID PRECIPITATION,
•69-01666 01
REPORT OF U. S. HEATHER BUREAU STUDIES II BADAB HYDROLOGY,
•69-01671
01
ADJUSTHBNT OF RADAB ESTIMATES OF STOBB MEAN RAINFALL KITH
RAIN GAGE DATA,
869-01673
RADAR ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL,
•69-02082
01
01
EFFECT OF SNOB COMPACTION ON ROHOFF FBOB RAIB on s»o«,
•69-01578 "
BIVEB-8ATEB QUALITY CBITBRIA IN RELATION TO 8ATEB80RKS
REQUIRESENTS, .,
•69-01825 u;
RELATIONS IS THB UPPBR GOUtBUBN BIVEB
.,
"
CATCHMENT, N.S.B
•69-01583
BEPOBT OF U. S. 8BATUER BOBBAU STUDIES IN BADAB HYDROLOGY,
•69-01671 °'
BEASDRISG SAISPALL A»D BUK-OPF AT ATOBB-tiATER IDI-EtS,
•69-01923 11
COUNTY BAIN-GAGE NETWORK USEFUL IN DESIGN,
•69-02078 01
THE SYSTEMATIC ERBOB IN RAINFALL BBASUREBENT,
•69-02081 01
GAUGE FOR CONTINUOUSLY MEASURING RATE OP RAINFALL,
869-02083 D1
AUSTBALIA DEVELOPS NE« SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT TO ASSESS HATER
BESDDBCES,
•69-02084 01
BAINFALL RECOBDEBS-COBPABISON OF DIFFERENT TYPES,
•69-02086 01
RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE AND TIBE,
•69-02247 11
BAIN HATER
THE QUALITY OP STORK HEATHER FL08,
869-01495
07
RAINFALL INTENSITY
DETERMINATION OP RUNOFF FOR URBAN STORB HATER DBAINAGE
SYSTBB DESIGN,
• 69-01560 10
TIME ANALYSIS OP BAINFALL ON URBAN CATCHMENT,
869-01561 10
RAINFALL AT UEH ORLEANS AND ITS REMOVAL,
869-01568 ID
ON STRUCTURE OF COAXIAL GRAPHICAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS,
•69-01575 11
BAINFALL-RUN-OFF RELATIONS IN THE UPPER GOULBUBN RIVBB
CATCHBENT, N.S.8.,
869-01583 11
LIMITING FACTORS IN RAINFALL RDN-OFF,
•69-01589 11
BAINFALLS OF SHORT DURATION AND HIGH INTENSITY All
ALTERNATIVE TO BILHAB'S FORMULA,
869-01590 11
COBPUTING RUNOFF FROB SBALL HATERSHEDS,
869-01593 11
RESULTS OP RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID PBECIPITATION,
869-01666 01
ADJDSTBBNT OF BADAR ESTIMATES OF STOBH MEAN RAINFALL HITH
RAIN GAGE DATA,
•69-01673 01
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND OPEBATION OF SEHEI OUTFALLS IN
ESTUARINE AND TIDAL BATBBS,
•69-01703 03
PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING FLOWS IN SEPARATE AND COMBINED
SE8EBS,
869-01727 04
SDBPACB 8ATEB AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
869-01765
06
A GUIDE F01 ENGINEERS TO TUB DESIGN OF STOBB SE8ER SYSTEMS,
PRBFACBD BY THB BBPORT OF THE JOINT COBBITTEB Oil RAINFALL
AND RDN-OFF OF THB ROAD BBSBARCH BOABD AND THE MINISTRY OF
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNBBNT.
869-01766 06
DESIGN STOBB HYETOOBAPHS FROB STUDIES OF RAINFALL IN THE
8BSTEBN AREA OF SIERRA LEOSE,
•69-01779 06
DETERMINATION OF VARIABLE BAIIBAL INTENSITY COEFFICIENTS FOB
STORB-SB8KB CALCULATIONS,
869-01780 06
HOI TO BSTIBATB STOBB 8ATEB QUANTITIES,
869-01785 06
THB POLLUTION OF RUN-OFF FROM URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
KS9-01831 07
PBOBLEBS IN THB CALCULATION OF STORM HATER OVERFLOBS,
•69-01834 07
SZVBBAQE SYSTEMS AKD SIVEB POLLUTION,
869-01844 07
SEBEBAGE AND SBBAGB DISPOSAL IN RETROSPECT AID PBOSPECT,
17
-------
FLOOUlHli PDEQUBHCIES POR URBAN DBAINAGB DESIGN,
B69-OKI93 10
PROGRESS 8EPOBT (STUDY Ot> RATIONAL fll'TIIOD ),
W69-Q199I4 10
PROGRESS KEP08T 08 THE STORB DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
»69-01')02 10
SatftCK WATER DNJIINAUI!—RKVIE'J OF PAST RESEARCH,
K69-0140U in
CITY OP OAKLAND DEVELOPS NEW RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION
CUBVES.
W69-(m08 10
* METHOO OP UBB»H DRAINAGE DESIGN FOB REGIONS OF HIGH
fiAIHPAlL INTENSITY,
1169-01910 10
ANALYSES ABO APPLICATIOS OP SIMPLE «YUROG8AP«5,
W69-01913 11
RAINSTORBS BADE TO OR11ER,
W69-0191U 11
SAIUFALL AS AFFECTING FLOW 18 SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-019T9 11
RADAR ESTIMATION Of RAINFALL,
W69-020B2 01
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STOBM HATER OVERFLOWS,
WM-02103 02
INTERCEPTING SEWEBS AND STOBB STANDBY TANKS AT COLUBBUS,
OHIO,
W69~02132 OH
COMBINED SYSTEM OP SEWERAGE WITH LIHITED BAW WATER INLET,
U69-02133 01
STOBN SE«EH DESIGN BY THE IHI.FT BETHOD,
•69-02179 06
SOLUTION POR STORB SEBEB SYSTEB PROBLM,
1169-02136 06
PBOCBESS TO DATE ADD CURHEKT ViOBKS AT SLESBOTBES NEU TOII8,
«69-02199 06
GRAPHIC 5TOBH SEUER DESIGN,
H69-02208 06
THB QOALITY OP HAINPALL HIJ8-OFP WATER PROfl A HOUSING ESTATE,
H69-02226 07
VJB1ATIOB DP BDH-OfP COEPFICIBBT,
H69-022U6 11
BAINPALL AND EVAPORATION DISTRIBUTION IH SPACE AND TIflE,
U6'J-022«7 II
B8THOD3 OP DETEftllllilBG SUBPACE DIST8I6I/TIOIT OF EXCESSIVE
RAINFALLS,
B69-02251 11
EXPERlflBHTAL EKABINA.TI08 OP BATI08AL BETHOD,
K69-02259 II
BBGBRSSION MODELS FOB PBEDICTING OS-SITE BUS-OFF PBOif SHOST
nUBATlOH CONVECTIVE STOBBS,
K69-OJ260 11
BlINPALL BATES OF UBAVY BAIKS IN BBBBBI,
K69-02269 11
STOBB STUDIES IN SOUTH APttlCA-SHALL-lBEJ «/.aH-I»TB»SITY
RAINFALL,
H69-0227D 11
CHABACTBBISTICS OP THE INLET HIDBOGBAPH,
K69-02275 11
PBOGBBSS SBPOST OK THE STOBH DB*I»»flB 8BSEABCH PBOJECT, JULI
1ST, 1959 TO JONB 30TB, 1960,
K69-02276 1!
A HYDRAULIC HODEL POH THE CITCHHENT-5TBE1H PROBLEN. ttl.
COBPARISON WITH BUS-OFF DBSEHVATIONS,
K69-02277 11
BAIHPALL-RU8QFP RELATIONSHIPS
»I»TH ADBUAL BEPOM, FOB THE YEAH EHDED DEdSSBEB 31ST 1963.
H69-01515 08
AN EVALUATION OP THE INFLOU-BQNOFP RELITIOBSHIP5 («
HYDBOLOGIC STUBIES,
H69-Q1S5S 10
ASCE'S URBAN UATEH STUDIES.
W69-01556 10
ASCE BBSEABCH PROGRAM 1* UBBAB KAT88 BESODBCE3.
B69-01557 10
18
^T8PS TOtfARO A BBTTHR U NDBH.'iT AUDI NG OF UHHAN RUNOFF
PROCESSES,
W69-0156J 10
COMPUTATION OP OPTIMUM REALIZABLE UNIT HYOROGRAPHS,
W69-01567 10
RESEABCH BEPOBT OK THE CITY AND GUILDS COLLEGE, 1961-64.
W69-0157U 11
ON STRUCTURE OF COAXIAL GRAPHICAL RAINFALL-BUBOFF DELATIONS,
W69-01575 11
CONCEPTION OP A MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE LAWS OP BAIN
DISCHARGE RELATIONS ,
H69-01576 11
SURVEY OF RECBST DEV ELOPB ENTS IS B AINPALL-BUNOPF KSTtBA'IION,
W69-Ofi77 11
A BATHEBATICAL MODEL FOB RELATING B0N-OFP TO RAINFALL UtTH
DAILY DATA,
W69-01579 11
RAINFALL-RON-OPP RELATIONS IN THE UPPER GOULBUBN RIVEB
CATCHMENT, S.S.K.,
W69-01583 11
LABORATORY STUDY OF WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
W69-015814 11
SEQUENTIAL GENERATION OF RAINFALL AND RUNOFP DATA,
W69-015S5 11
DISCHARGE PROM HEAVY BAIBPALL,
W69-015S7
1 1
INVESTI5AT108S INTO THE UNIFORMITY OF RELATION BETWEEN
GROUND WATER ANB BAINPALL OVER PROLONGED PERIODS AND THE
POSSIBILITY OP PREDICTING GROUND WATER LEVELS WITH SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION OP DRY PEBIODS,
W69-01588 11
LIMITING PACTOBS IS BAIKF1LL RUH-OFP,
W69-01589 11
WATEB AND WASTE-WATEB BNGI8EERING.
WASTE-WATER REBOVAL,
W69-01591
I. WATER SUPPLY AND
11
STOBfl-UlTEB OVERFLOWS FBOB COBBINED SEWERS,
W69-01726 01
DETERMINATION OP VABIABLE BAIIBAL INTENSITY COEFFICIENTS POR
STORM-SEWER CALCULATIONS,
W69-01780 06
A METHOD OF COBPUTING URBAN RUNOFF,
H69-0188<4 10
ALLOCATION OP STOBB DRAINAGE COSTS,
W69-OI891 10 '
THB HYDROLOGY OP DBBAN BUHOPF,
W69-01897 10
PBOBLEBS OF WATER DISCHARGE IN URBAN AREAS,
U69-01899 10
PROGRESS BEPOBT 0« THE STOBH DRAINAGE RESEARCH PBOJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JU»B 30, 1959,
V69-01902 10
THE DESIGN OP URBAN SEWEB SYSTP.BS. RESEARCH INTO THE
RELATI08 BETWEEN RATE OP RAINFALL AND THE RATE OF PLOW IN
SEWB8S,
W69-01905 10
TIBE IN URBAN HYDBOLOSY,
W69-01906 10
THREE-DIBBNSIONAL TYPE REPHESEdTATION OF HYDHOLOGICAL DATA,
W69-01912 11
SETABDATIOS OP DISCHJIBGB IN PUBLIC WATERS WITHIN THE AREA OP
A COMMUNITY,
W69-01920 11
MEASURING RAINFALL AND BUS-OFF AT ATORM-KATER ISLETS,
1169-01923 11
LHBAB AJALYSI5 OP RAINPALL-BU80PP RELATIONSHIP,
W69-0192D 11
A BASIC STUDY OP THE RAINFALL EXCESS-SURFACE BUH-OFP
RELATIONSHIP lit 1 BASH SYSTEM,
W69-01925 11
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STORM-WATER PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM,
W69-021U5 04
SOLUTION FOB STORM 5P.WEB SYSTEM PROBLEM,
W69-02186 06
DESIGN OP STORM SEUEB SYSTEMS,
W69-0220«
06
AH KSESTIGATION INTO IIFILTBAT108 A8D INTEBCEPTIOH BATES
008180 STORM BAISPALLS AID THEIR APPLICATION TO FLOOD
PREDICTION,
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
W69-02212
STOWAGE ROUTING METHODS OF FLOOD ESTIMATION,
W6 9-02214 3 11
A TECHNIQUE FOR ANALYSIS OF KUN-OFF HYUHOGRAPHS,
WM-Ol'iBO 11
A CATCHMENT STORAGE MODEL FOR RUN-OFF ROUTING,
H60-0221H 11
UNIT GRAPHS FOB NONUNIFORM RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION,
¥69-01581 11
ROLK OF DIGITAL COMPUTEBS IN HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING AND
ANALYSES,
H69-02215 11
DETERMINATION OF IUB MELT-WATER FLOW PBOM THE MATER
RESOURCES OF THE SNOW COVER,
W69-01')92 11
THE ROLE OP PABAMETHIC HYDROLOGY,
K69-022I49 11
EXl'KBJMENTAL EXAMINATION OP RATIONAL METHOD,
W69-02259 11
PEBCOLATION, GROUND-WATER DISCHARGE, AND STREAM FLOW IN THE
NIDD VALLEY,
W69-02265 11
HATER YIELD MODEL DERIVED FROM MONTHLY RUNOFF DATA,
W69-02266 11
SIMPLIFIED VERSUS OPTIMUM UNIT HYDROGRAPHS - ONE COMPARISON,
B69-02267 11
RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF IN THE DEHWENT VALLEY TO YORKSHIRE
BRIDGE, DERBYSHIRE,
W69-02272 11
HYDROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS,
W69-02273 11
DRAINAGE (SEWP.BtGE).
K69-01718
W69-01722
04
014
A GUIDE FOB ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STORM SEWER SYSTEMS,
PREFACED BY THE REPORT OF THE JOINT COMMITTEE ON RAINFALL
AND RUN-OFF OF THE BOAD RESEARCH BOARD AND THE MINISTRY OP
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
W69-01766 06
OIL-SEPARATOR TANKS FOR HOTOBWAYS IN THE RUHR VALLEY,
H69-01827 07
EVALUATION OF DISPERSED POLLUTIONAL LOADS,
W69-01848 07
ECONOMIC STUDY OF OBBAN AND HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-01987 10
DETERMINATION OP RUN-OFF COEFFICIENTS,
W69-01889 10
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INLET HYDROGRAPII,
•69-02275 11
RAINFALL AS AFFECTING FLOW IN SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-01919 11
RECREATION FACILITIES
TO RESTORE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
W69-01536 09
FEDEBAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
W69-01538 09
BACTERIAL SURVEY OF STREAMS AND BATHING BEACHES AT
CLEVELAND,
W69-01808 07
WEST HABTL6POOL SEWERAGE SCHEME HILL CLEAN BEACHES,
W69-02143 OK
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
W69-02217 07
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
EFFECTS OF CONSTBUCTION ON FLUVIAL SEDIMENT, UBBAN ABD
SUBBURBAN AREAS OP HABYLAND,
W69-02227 07
RESIDENTIAL SE8F.BS
SEWER INFILTRATION.
W69-01735 05
RESIDENTIAL USE AND MISUSE OP SANITARY SEHBRS,
W69-01717 05
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF SANITARI SEWER SYSTEM
DESIGN,
W69-01742 05
'SMOKING OUT' ILLEGAL BOUSE DRAINS,
W69-017U5 05
RIVER MERSEY
POLLUTION OF THE 8IVEB MERSEY.
W69-01501 07
MEASURING BAISFALL AND RUN-OFF AT ATORM-WATER INLETS,
W69-01923 11
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
H69-02217 07
TREATMENT Of MUNICIPAL WASTE WJTEB,
W69-02237 09
PERCOLATION, GROUND-BATES DISCHARGE, AND STREAM FLOW IN THE
NIDD VALLEY,
W69-02265 11
RUNOFF FORECASTING
THE USB OF USIT-SOU8CE WATEBSHED DATA FOB RUN-OFF
PREDICTION,
W69-01551 10
PROBLEMS OP HYDBOLOGICAL FORECASTS.
W69-01573 11
RELATION OF ANNUAL RUNOFF TO 8BTEOBOLOGICAL FACTORS,
W69-01582 11
LIMITING PACTOBS IN RAINFALL HUH-OFF,
W69-01589 11
A METHOD OP COMPUTING UBB»» BUSOPP,
W69-01884 10
BUNOFF ESTIMATION FOB VERY SMALL DRAINAGE ABEAS,
W69-01900 10
PROGBESS BEPOBT OS THE STOBN DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, 10 JUNE Jl), 1959,
W69-01902 10
COMBINED SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE WITH LIMITED RAW WATER INLET,
W69-021J3 Ot
RIVERS
MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE.
W69-01731 05
HIVEBS (PSEVENTION OF POLLUTION) ACT 1951
INTERPRETING THE 1951 RIVEIiS POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT,
W69-01527 08
BOUGHNESSCHYDRAULIC)
LABORATOBY STUDY OP WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
W69-0158K 11
THE HYDRAULIC BESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
W69-01698 03
TABLES FOB THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STORM-DBA INS, SEWEBS, AND
PIPE-LINES,
W69-01699 03
MEASUREMENT OP MANNING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
W69-01709 03
RUNOFF
ENVIBONMEHTAL FACTORS IN BELATION TO WATER USE AND
PBOTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
W69-OU96 07
HYDRAULICS RESEABCH 1963 AND 1961. THE REPORTS OF THE
HYDRAULICS RESEABCH BOARD WITH THE BCPOBTS OP THE DIRECTOR
OF HYDRAULICS RESEARCH.
169-01516 08
BPPECT OP SHOW COMPACTION ON BUHOPP PBOM BAIN OB SNOW,
THE DESIGN OP STOBM SCWKBS,
K69-02178 06
SOME APPLICATIONS OP RESEARCH III THE DESIGN OF SEWEBAQE AND
SEWAGE-TREATMENT WORKS,
W69-02233 09
IN INVESTIGATION INTO INFILTRATION AND INTERCEPTION BATES
DURING STORM RAIKFALLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FLOOD
PREDICTIOK,
W69-02242 11
BOLE OF DIGITAL COMPUTERS IN HYD80LOGIC FORECASTING AND
ANALYSES,
U69-0224S 11
VARIATION OP RUN-OFF COEFFICIENT,
W69-022U6 11
EFFECTS OF CLIHATOLOG1C AND BASIN CHARACTERISTICS ON ANNUAL
BUN-OPP,
W69-02218 11
COMPARISON OP SOME F08BOI.AS FOB DETBBMIKING THE SNOW MELT
(PB5HMINABY RESULTS),
W69-02252 11
ON THE IMPORTANCE of VOLUME DISTBIBUTION IN THE CALCULATION
OP DRAINAGE SISTERS,
W69-022S4 11
LOKG-BAKOe FORECAST OF CRITICAL DATES or SPBING DISCHARGE
HYDROGRAPH FROM LOCAL INDICES Of ATMOSPHERIC CIBCOIATIOK,
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
UERP TUNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE GROUND.
N'JMOGHAir; HOB THE DKTKRM INATIGN OF ANTICIPATED BATED
bi:u:iuiti;K IN PLANNING RAIN RUN-OFF SYSTEMS,
pRmiiiEss REPORT ON TUB STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PBOJECT, JULY
IVI', 19VJ TO JUNE iOTII, I960,
W69-CU276 11
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING SBtif.RS
lit INHABITED LOCALITIES,
W(i9-01510 08
POLLUTION OP CITY SURFACE RUN-OFF WATER,
W6')-lJ2.MO 07
SAMPLING
DELWAHE ESTUAHY COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PRELIMINARY REPORT AND
SLIIDGF. DEPOSITS IN 3THKAMS PROtt STORM WATER OUTLETS,
Wf>'l-i)1tnO 07
SEWAGE TREATMENT
A REVItW OF THE LITERATURE OF 1966 ON HASTE WATER «N[) WATER
POLLUTION CONT80L.
W69-01"il4 08
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STORH OVERFLOW.
U69-0153U 09
IMPROVEMENTS TO SEWAGE TREATMENT AT OATH,
W69-0159-0)7ifl 05
ELIMINATING INFILTRATION OF GROUND WATER INTO SEWERS,
W69-01743 05
REMOTE CONTROL GROUTING OF SEWER LINE LEAKS,
W69-01718 05
SEAL SEWER LEAKS FgOM INSIDE,
W69-01750 05
EPOXY SOLVES HAZARDOUS SE«ER LINING PROBLEM,
W69-0177fi OS
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC FILTER MEDIUM,
W69-01871 09
COMPLETION OP PUSHIER STAGE IN GRANGEMOUTH DRAINAGE SCHEME,
W69-01B75 09
WBSTO»-5UPES-«A8E'S KBK DSAINASE SCHEME,
W69-01879 09
PROVIDING PBIMA8Y TREATMENT FOR STORfl SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
»6')-oiaao 09
DESIGN AND OPERATING EXPEBIENCE3 AT THE NEW WORSLEY U D C
SEWAGE WORKS,
W69-01881 09
SSIIEBS CAN BE REBUILT bY BKMOTE CONTROL,
K69-02173 05
SEDIMENTATION
ELHbBIDGE WATEB POLLUTION CONTROL SiOBKS.
•69-01542 09
SEDIMENT IN SHALL RESERVOIRS DUE TO URBANIZATION,
W6 9-0 19 20 07
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTP.MS OP 'COMBINED1 SEHEHAGE,
W69-0212J OH
EFFECTS OP CONSTRUCTION ON PLUVIAL SEDIBENT, URBAN AND
SUBtltJRflAN AKEA3 OP MARYLAND,
WM-02.J27 07
iiEWAOE EFFLUENT
SOIUiCF, AND PERSISTENCE OF NEMATODES IB SURFACE WATERS,
07
DESCRIPTION OP A COMMUNITY OF MICHO-ORGASISMS IN PURIFIED
SEWAGE MIXED WITH BAIN WATER FROM STORM SEWERS,
W69-01809 07
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING OP SEWAGE WORKS,
W69-0182it 07
THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL SEWAGE PURIFICATION WOBKS,
STABILIZATION POKDS, AND MATURATION PONDS WITH RESPECT TO
THE SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTEBIA AND INDICATOB ORGANISMS,
Kli9-0!S76 09
ESTIMATION OF THE FLOOD PLOW AND DISCHABGE COEFFICIENT IN
SEBEBAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02125 01
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM OP BALANCING BATE OP FLOW AND
STRENGTH OF SEWAGE,
W69-02129 OH
WATEB SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN BERLIN,
W69-02136 04
THE TRUNK SEWEB SYSTEM AND THE SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF UTBECHT. HISTORY AND TECHNICAL LAY-OUT,
W69-02140 01
EFFECT OP VARIOUS STOBK-WATEB PROTECTIVE MEASUBES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM,
W69-021H5 04
EXTENSIVE SEWERAGE WILL CURB POLLUTION OF A BAY,
W69-02154 04
ONE CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF COMBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02161 014
SEWAGE WORKS DESIGN AND WET HEATHER FLOWS,
W69-02164 04
DIVERSION AND TREATMENT OP EXTRANEOUS PLOWS IN SANITARY
SEHEBS,
K69-02176 05
SEWAGE WORKS DESIGN AND WET WEATHER PLOWS,
W69-0216U 04
SEWAGE EFFLUENTS
TECHNICAL PROBLEBS OP BIVEB AUTHORITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHORITIES IN LAYING DOWN AND COMPLYING WITH LIMITS OF
QUALITY FOR EFFLUENTS MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN THOSE OP THE
ROYAL COMMISSION.
W69-01517 08
BACTERIAL REDUCTIONS IN THE CHLOSINATION OF SEWAGE—EFFECT
OP AGITATION.
W69-01859 09
SEWAGE LAGOON
A PLAN TO HELP LAKF. ERIE.
W69-01537 09
SEWAGE LAKOONS
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEM GETS OFF THE GfiOUBD.
W69-01712 04
SEWAGE 5L1IDUE
ELMBRIDCiE WATER POLLUTION CONTROL WORKS.
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATEB CONTROL IN THE MILWAUKEE
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT,
W69-02183 06
A NEH HASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
W69-02185 06
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SEHAGE-STORM WATER
NIXTUBES,
H69-022I2 07
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OP URBAN STORM
WATER,
K69-02224 07
NO STORM-WATER BYPASS,
W69-02229 09
30UTHEND-ON-SEA SEWAGE WOHKS AND PUMPING STATIONS,
W69-02236 09
SAINT NICOLAS TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SEWAGE-
TBEATM8NT WORKS,
W69-02239 09
SEWED EXPILTRATION
20
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
EXPILTRATION TESTING OF LARGE SEWERS.
•69-01713 OS
SEUBR FLUSHING
TO KESTORK LAKE EHIE BEACHES.
H69-01'j(6 09
LARGEST SEBER PHOTO INSPECTION,
•69-01662
TV INSPECTION OF SEWERS IHPBOVES BEPAIB PROGBAM,
•69-02085 01
FEDERAL GRANT TO HELP HESTOBE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
• 69-015.18 09
FLUSHING OF SEBER NETWOBKS AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE DEVICE,
• 69-01676 01
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
•69-01754 06
SFWEH HYDRAULICS
NINTH ANNUAL REPOBT, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST 1963.
•69-01515 08
SEWER SEPARATION
CLEAN UP OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
•69-01500 07
200 POLLUTERS GET THE BOBD EARLI.
•69-01513 08
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEBERS.
•69-01715 0«
SEPARATING STORK AND SANITARY SEVERS IN URBAN RENEWAL.
•69-01723 04
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF PVC SEBEH PIPE,
MAIN DRAINAGE FOB SKELMERSDALE HE« TOUN,
• 69-01784 06
FLOW VELOCITIES IN SHALL SEWERS,
•69-01706
ELBOB METER MEASURES FLO»,
•69-02087
SEWEB INFILTRATION
SEBER SEPARATION.
•69-01719
INFILTRATION INTO SEBEBS.
•69-01732
04
05
EXFILTRATION TESTING OF LARGE SEWEBS.
•69-017)1 05
SEBER INFILTRATION.
•69-01735
DETUURING CALAMITY IN WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT. A CASE IN
POINT SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN,
•69-01821 07
THE STORM-SEBAGE POLLUTION PROBLEM,
•69-01835 07
STOfiH BATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01836 07
OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWERS IN WASHINGTON, D C,
•69-01839 07
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS AND RIVER POLLUTION,
W69-01844 07
PROTECTING THE POTOMAC AT WASHINGTON,
•69-01861 09
EFFECTS OF INFILTRATION,
•69-01736
THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION IN PLANNING SEWER SYSTEMS,
•69-02121 04
DETECTION AND SEALING OF LEAKS IN SEWERS,
•69-01738 05
PROGRESS REPORT-ASCE COMBINED SEWER SEPARATION PROJECT,
•69-02141 04
PIPE JOINTS LIMIT INFILTRATION,
W69-01739
ASCE COMBINED SEWER SEPABATION PROJECT PROGRESS,
•69-02142 04
THE INFILTRATION PROBLEM IN SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS,
W69-01740 05
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOB SEWER SEPARATION,
•69-02192 06
EXFILTRATION TESTING OF LA8GE SEBEBS IN KANSAS CITY, MO.,
W69-01741 05
CONTROL OF POLLUTION FBO» COMBINED SEBBB SYSTEMS,
•69-022J5 09
All EVALUATION OP THE PROBLEMS OF SANITARY SEWBB SYSTEM
DESIGN,
W69-01742 05
ELIMINATING INFILTRATION OF GROUND WATER INTO SEWERS,
W69-01741 05
SEWER DESIGN-INFILTRATION DETECTION AND CORRECTION,
•69-01744 05
INFILTRATION AND SEUER FOUNDATIONS,
•69-01746
05
05
REMOTE CONTROL GROUTING OF SEBBB LINE LEAKS,
•69-01748 05
LABOBATORY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL INFILTRATION, THROUGH PIPE
JOINTS,
•69-01749 05
SEAL SEVER LEAKS FROM INSIDE,
•69-01750 05
DETOURIHG CALAMITY IN UATER RESOUBCE DEVELOPMENT. A CASE 18
POINT SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN,
•69-01821 07
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE—REVIEW OF PAST RESEARCH,
•69-01904 10
ONE UAY TO BYPASS A LABfiE SEWER,
•69-02105 02
I
CORRECTING STOBM-BATEB INFILTRATION, TONAHANDA, NEW YORK, |
•69-02165 05 ]
REHABILITATION OF SANITARY SEBER LINES, j
•69-02171 05
INFILTRATION IN SANITABY SEBERS, I
•69-02174 05 |
DIVERSION AND TREATMENT OF EXTRANEOUS FLO»S IN SANITARY [
SEWERS, |
•69-02176 05
A STUDY OP STORMBATER INFILTRATION INTO SANITARY SEBEHS, j
•69-02177 05 j
SEWER INSPECTION !
TV SEUER INSPECTION,
•69-01661 01
SEBERS
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLANNING SEVERS
IN INHABITED LOCALITIES,
•69-01530 08
SANITARY SERVICES. GREAT ACHIEVEMENTS FOR A PLAN OF BORKS.
•69-01558 10
ECONOMIC SORFACE-UATBR SEWERAGE A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
PRACTICE,
•69-01569 10
RAINFALLS OF SHORT DURATION AND HIGH INTENSITY AH
ALTERNATIVE TO BILHAH'S FORMULA,
•69-01590 11
A HORN FORETELLS SBBER OVERPLOUS.
•69-01657 01
LARGEST SEWER PHOTO INSPECTION,
•69-01662 01
NEW INSTRUMENT CAN MEASURE SEWAGE FLOW,
•69-01665 01
TEMPORARY FLOW MEASUREMENT IK SEBBRS AND DRAINS,
W69-01667 01
A FIELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND RECORDING FLOV IN SEBERS,
W69-01668 01
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SEWAGE FLOW,
•69-01670 01
FLOU MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES,
•69-01672 01
A FIELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND RECORDING FLOU IN SEVERS,
•69-01674 01
METHOD OF AND MK1NS FOR DEALING UIT1I STOBH-UATER OVERFLOUS
IN SEBERS AND LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
•69-01690 02
TABLES FOR THS HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STOHM-DRAINS, SEBERS, AND
PIPE-LINES,
•69-01699 03
RAIN DISCHARGE AND SEHAGE SLUDGE,
•69-01700 03
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF PVC SEBEH PIPB,
•69-01705 03
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
FLOW VELOCITIES IN SBALL SBHEBS,
• f.')~0!706 03
BEASIIKEBENT UP BANKING'S BOUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
•69-01709 03
OPTIBUB DESIGN OF SEWERS,
•69-01710 03
SEWER WITHIN A SKWEB,
B69-01720 OH
DBAINAGE CSKUEBAGB).
W69-01722 OH
PRINCIPLES FOB CALCULATING FLOWS IN 5EPA8ATE AND COBBINED
SEWERS,
W69-01727 OH
EXPILTBATION TESTING OP IABGE SBWBBS,
W69-01733 05
SEWEB INFILTBATION.
W69-01735 05
EFFECTS OF INFILTRATION,
•69-01736 05
DETECTION AND SEALING at LEAKS IS SEUEBS,
W69-01738 05
THE INFILTRATION PBOWBB IN SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEBS,
W69-017HO 05
AN EVALUATION OP THE PBOBLEBS OF SANITABY SEWER SYSTEB
DESIGN,
•69-01702 05
SEWEB DESIGN-INFILTRATION DETECTION AND COSHECTION,
«69-0!7«« 05
INFILTRATION AND SEWEB FOUNDATIONS,
•69-01716 05
W69-02169 05
DEPOSITION IN A SANITARY SEWEB,
W69-02170 05
IIEHABILITATION OP SANITARY SEWEB LINES,
W69-02171 05
OESISS CONSIDERATIONS POR SANITARY SEWER EXTENSIONS,
W69-02172 05
SEWERS C»» BE REBUILT BY 8EHOTE CONTROL,
H69-02173 05
STORn BATED IN SANITABY SEWERS,
W69-02J75 05
INDUSTRIAL AND DOKBSTIC KASTEWATEB COBTR01. I» TUB BILKAUKt'K
HETBOPOLITAN DISTBICT,
W69-02I83 06
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOB SEWER SEPABATION,
W69-02192 06
PU8DAHENTALS OF SEWEB DESIGN,
B69-02J9S 06
SlflPLIFIED 3BWEB DESIGN,
W69-0219* 06
PBOGBESS TO DATE AKD CORBEKT K08KS AT GLEHBOTHES NEK T0»»,
W69-02199 06
SOBE APPLICATIONS OF 8ESEA8CH IN THE DESIGN OF SEWEBACE ASD
SEWIGE-TREATHENT WOSKS,
W69-02233 09
BETHOD OF CLEANING SEWEB 5YSTEBS,
K69-02238 09
STUDY OF 8 8 L HTD80GBAPH 8ETUOD OF DESIGNING SEWEB SYSTBHS,
W69-02250 1)
NOTES ON CALCULATING FLOW OF SURFACE WATER IN SEWERS,
K69-02255 11
RBBOTE CONTROL GBOUTING OP SEWEB LINE LEAKS,
K69-OI7U8 05
EStlMATING THE CAPACITY OF SEKEBS A»D STORn DBAIDS,
W69-01751 06
PING-PONG SAILS KILL TBACE POLLUTION.
W69-01762 06
SHALL UNDERtiBOUND US 11 US AKD SEWERS I AND II.
W69-01767 06
BAIN DRAIDAGE OF LEYTON,
W69-01786
06
DETOUBING CALAMITY IS WATER RESOUBC6 DEVSLOPBEHT. A CASE IN
POINT SOUTHEASTEBN WISCONSIN,
•69-01821 07
DESIGNING OP SEUEBAGE SYSTEBS,
•69-01883 09
STORR BUS-OFF PKOfl UE3AN ABBAS,
•69-01B86 10
SUBUBB DEBTS USBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
•69-01895 10
A TIBE I8TERVAL DISTRIBUTION FOB EXCESSIVE BAINPALl,
W69-01898 10
HAINPALL AS AFFECTING FLOW IN SEUBBAGE SYSTEBS,
•69-01919 11
DOUBLE-BARRELED CLAY-PIPE SEWEB,
•69-02079 01
TV INSPECTION OF 3EWEBS IBPBOVBS I1EPAIB PBOGBAB,
K69-020B5 01
SEWEB DEPTH OF PLOW DETBBBINATION,
•69-020B9 01
THE PROBLEd OP SEPARATION IN PLANNING SBKEB SYSTSKS,
W69-02121 OH
SEPABJITK a(5TE«S-eo»flI»El) S1STP.HS,
•69-02139 0»
THE TBUNK SEHEfl 3YSTEB AID THIS SE8AGE-TSEAT8ENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF UTRECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACITY OP SEWERS AND PUBP
BEGint,
W69-02162 OH
SEDUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SEXES LOADING BY DOWNSPOUT BEBOVAL,
•69-02166 05
LOU PRESSURE AIR TEST FOB SABITABY SEWEB3,
•69-02167 05
EXPERIENCE IN USING LOW-PBESSOBE AIB TEST FOR SANITABY
SEWERS,
869-02168 05
LOW PSeSSOSE AIB TJSST FOB SASITASY SZ»ESS,
ASCE SEWEB PBOJECT CONTINUES.
W69-017U OH
WATEB POLLUTION & AND D GRANTS.
W69-01717 0"!
ASCE COBBINBD SEWEB SEPABATION PBOJECT PROGRESS,
K69-02112 04
SHELLFISH
SELP-PUBJFICATIOH IH BUSSELS FROB THE BEDITES»A»gAN-ITS
OS5PUL»ESS -ITS ACCOKPLISHBENT-RESOLTS OBTAINED,
W69-01803 07
SIPHONS
STOSB KATES OVESPLOKS. THB OSE OP SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
•69-01692 02
DBAK-DOWI AND OTHEB FACT01S BELATING TO DESIGH OF STOBH-
WATEB OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS,
W69-01695 02
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW-HEAD SELP-PBIHING SIPHONS,
K69-0196U 02
STORM-WATEB CONTROL BY SIPHON SPILLWAYS AT EARLSWOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, BEIGATE,
W69-02095 02
TESTS ON A BODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVEBPLOK,
W69-02097 02
SNOWNELT
EFFECT OF SNOW COBPACTION ON BUNOFF PBOH BAIN OB SNOW,
W69-01578 11
DETERSIdATIOH OF THE HELT-KATEB fLOK PHOfl THE KATEB
BESOUBCES OF THE SNOW COVEB,
W69-01592 11
CON.PABISON OF SOBE FOBBULAS FOB DETEBHINING THE SNOW BELT
(PRBLIBINABY RESULTS),
K69-02252 11
SPILLWAYS
STOBB-WATEB CONTROL BY SIPHON SPILLWAYS AT EABLSWOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, REIGATE,
Y69-0209! 02
DRAIN THAT GBEK AND GBEK,
W69-02206
06
STANDARDS
TECHNICAL PBQBLEBS OF BIVES AUTHOBITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHORITIES IN LAYING DOWN AND COBPLYING WITH LIHITS OF
QUALITY TOH EFFLUENTS .1ORE DBSTBICT1VE THAN THOSE OF THE
BOYAL COBBISSI01I.
W69-01S17 08
FIFTEENTH AND FINAL ANNUAL BCPORTS OF THE BBISTOL AVON
BOA8D AND THE 5EFEBN BIVEB 80A80 FOB THE YEA!) ENDED 31ST
ItAaCH, 1165.
W69-01518 08
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVER BOABD. ANNUAL REPORTS FOR
THE YEARS ENDED THE 31ST MARCH, 1962 AND THE 3 I St MARCH.
1963.
W69-01519 08
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER
I10A1ID TOR THE YEAR ENDED 3 1ST MARCH, 1964.
W69-01r)20 OS
ANNUAL HEPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVEB BOARD ADD THE WYE 8IVEB
BOARD FOR THE YEAR. ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
B69-01521 08
CONTROL OF SEME6 USAGE AT DETROIT, MICHIGAN,
W69-01528 08
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOB PLANNING SEWERS
IN INHABITED LOCALITIES,
W69-01r)30 08
DESIGN OF UNDERWATER STORM WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTBB,
W69-01693 02
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWINDON, 1962 - 1967,
W69-01696 02
STORH WATER TANKS WITHOUT GRADIENTS, A METHOD OF IMPROVING
THE SEWERAGE SYSTEHS OF TOWNS,
•69-01708 03
DATA AVAILABLE OH SEPARATING COMBINED SEBE6S.
W69-01715 04
WATER POLLUTION 8 AND D GRANTS.
W69-01717 04
PLANNED CITY PLANS TO RE-USE STOBfl RUNOFF.
• 69-01759 06
SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01531
STORK WATER DETENTION IN URBAN AREAS,
W69-01778 06
STANDARDS POR STORB-WATER FACILITIES.
•69-01761 06
THE SYSTEMATIC ERROR IN RAINFALL MEASUREMENT,
W69-02081 01
STILLING BASINS
STORM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
W69-01494 07
LABORATORY STUDIES OP STORM OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
W69-01679 02
DRAW-DOWN AND OTHE8 FACTORS RELATING TO DESIGN OF STORM-
WATER OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS,
W69-01695 02
THE PEBFOHMANCE OF STILLING PONDS IN HANDLING SOLIDS,
W69-02092 02
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF 3TOBM OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
W69-02096 02
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHOK OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS
STILLING POND,
W69-02113
THE OPERATION AND DESIG> OF A
02
SOIL AND WATEB PROBLEMS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
GROUND WATER RECHARGE - CONSERVATION IN NASSAU COUNTY,
W69-02241 09
STORAGE TANK
UNDERWATER TANKS WILL STORE RUN-OFF WATER.
W69-01548 09
HYDfiAULIC DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS INCOBPORATIKG
STORAGE,
W69-01b78 02
STORAGE TANKS
PROGRESS AT COLCHESTER SEWAGE-TREATMENT WORKS.
W69-01503 07
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS BEING FOB THE YEARS
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963 AND 31SI MA8CH, 1964.
W69-01509 07
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIOB SIVER BOARD. ANNUAL REPORTS POR
THE YBASS ENDED THE 31ST MARCH, 1962 AND TllE 31ST MARCH,
1963.
W69-01519 08
J5,729,103 AWARD FOB WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH.
W69-01535 09
A PLAN TO HELP LAKE ERIE.
W69-01537 09
SEATTLE SEES VICTORY I» ITS BATTLE AGAINST POLLUTION.
W69-01545 09
CITY PLANS TO TREAT STORM WATER.
•69-01546 09
UNDERWATER STORAGE OP STOBB OVERFLOW.
•69-01547 09
•ORTHING'S L500.000 SCHEME OF DBAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS.
•69-01551 09
WATER AND WASTE-WATER ENGINEERING.
WASTE-WATER REMOVAL,
W69-01591
KENT SEWERAGE WORKS FOB 9000 PEOPLE.
W69-01683
I. WATEB SUPPLY AND
11
NEWTHOapE, NOTTS.
•69-01685
SEWAGE DISPOSAL WORKS.
02
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 0» STOSM 0»BRFLO«S AND THE DISPOSAL OP
STORM SEWAGE.
•69-01691 02
CALCULATION OP STOiiM-S EWAGE TANKS,
•69-01783 06
PRELIMINARY POLLUTION STUDY UPPER EAST BIVEB.
• 69-01791 07
ELIMINATION OF MARGINAL POLLUTION—JAMAICA BAY.
•69-01792 07
STOBM-WATEH INVESTIGATIONS AT NOBTHAMPTON,
•69-01816 07
POLLUTION PREVENTION IS NORTHERN IRELAND,
W69-01818 07
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING OF SEWAGE WORKS,
•69-01824 07
RIVER-WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN RELATION TO WATERWORKS
REQUIREMENTS,
•69-01825 07
EFFECT OF STORM OVERFLOWS ON BIVER QUALITY,
•69-01833 07
THE STOBH-SEWAGE POLLUTION PROBLEM,
W69-01835 07
SEWAGE LOAD OF RECEIVING STREAMS FROM MIXED SEWERS,
•69-01840 07
DISCHARGE OF RAIN WATBB FROM URBAN SEWERS INTO STREAMS,
W69-01841 07
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
•69-01845 07
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEVERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
•69-01852 07
CITY OF MILWAUKEE.
•69-01857 09
TREATMENT OF OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS BY USE
07 STORM WATER STORAGE AND CHLOBINATION.
•69-01858 09
PROTECTING THE POTOMAC AT WASHINGTON,
W69-01861 09
CHICAGO MET80 SANITARY DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
•69-01863 09
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE SURFACE VATF.B DRAINAGE
SYSTEM OF HEMEL HCMPSTEAD,
•69-01368 09
STORM-MATER TANKS IN THE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEM OF BERLIN,
•69-01869 09
WEST BRIDGFORD'S 1897 SEWAGE WORKS WILL BE MODERNIZED BY
1964,
•69-01870 09
SE«AGE TREATMENT. VII. SEPARATION AND TREATMENT OF STORM
WATER,
•69-01872 09
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSES. IV. STORM TANKS,
•69-01873 09
SEWAGE TREATMENT At SLOUGH.
•69-01874 09
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OP THE DIMENSIONS OF BAIN
STORAGE TANKS,
W69-01921 11
THE TBIATMENT OF STORH SEWAGE,
•69-02116 02
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF 'COMBINED- SEM8RAGE,
•69-02123 04
IMPROVEMENTS IS SYSTEMS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE,
•69-02124 04
POLLUTION CONTROL FOI STORM WATERS AND COMBINED SEWER
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
OVF.liPl.OWii,
W69-02127 01
THK KNG1NKKIUHG PROBLEB OF BALANCING RATF. OF FLOW AND
STRENGTH »P SEWAGE,
tlkt-0'JMt 01
INTERCEPTING SEWERS AND STORH STANDBY TANKS AT COLUBBUS,
OHIO,
W69-02D2 01
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02138 01
EFFECT OF VARIOUS STORM-WATEB PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM,
U6')-02I15 01
FEASIBILITY OP COMBINED "EWER SYSTEMS,
UA4-02116 01
UNDERFLOW SEWERS FOR CHICAGO,
W61)-02151 04
ONK CITY'S APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF COMBINED SEWAGE
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02161 01
CALCULATION OF RETENTION TANKS IN STORB-WATES SEWERS,
W6'J-02191 06
DWP OF 2^2,000 GPD FOR BRENTUOOD SEWAGE WORKS,
wet-02231 09
EBEIiGENCY ALUB THF.ATBENT OP OPEN RESERVOIRS,
W69-022J1 09
STOBfl DRAINAGE
CHICAGO ACTS TO ATTACK COMBINED SEWER PROBLEM.
W69-01512 08
ASCE'S URBAN WATEB STUDIES.
W69-01S56 10
ASCE RESEARCH PBOGRAB IN URBAN WATER RESOURCES.
W69-01557 10
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OCCUR.
W69-0175J 06
STORM WATER DRAINAGE IN THE CHICAGO AREA,
H69-01892 1°
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STOBM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
W69-01902 10
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CURRENT WORKS AT GLENROTHES NEW TOWN,
W69-02199 06
STORM DRAINAGE PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS,
W69-02202 06
POLLUTION OF STORM RUNOFF IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OP LARGE
TOWNS,
Wf,9-02209 07
POLLUTION OP CITY SURFACE RUN-OFF WATER,
Wh9-02210 07
PROGRESS REPORT ON ME STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE 30TII, 1960,
W69-02276 11
STOBH DRAINS
THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
W69-01698 03
TABLES FOB THK HYDBAULIC DESIGN OP STORM-DRAINS, SEWERS, AND
PIPE-LINES,
W69-01699 03
ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF SEVERS AND STORK DRAINS,
W69-01751 06
UTILIZATION OP STBEAM FOB STREAM DAMAGE.
W69-01760 06
SURFACE WATBB AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
W69-01765 06
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
W69-01769 06
STOBH WATER PLOW SELECTION METHOD ELIMINATES SILT PROBLEM,
W69-01801 07
CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE OF RAIN DITCHES AND RAINFALL
COLLECTING SYSTEMS,
1169-01918 11
CORRECTING STORM-VATBB INFILTRATION, TOIAWANDA, NEW YOBK,
W69-02165 05
STOBM SEWER DESIGN BY THE INLET METHOD,
W69-02179 06
SHORTCOMINGS AND POTENTIAL OF ZONING,
W69-02200 06
EFFECT OF USING CONTINUALLY SUBMERGED DRAINS ON DRAIN
SPACING:;,
W69-02205 06
08AIN THAT GREW AND GREW,
Wt)9-02206 06
STOSB RUNOFF
STOHN OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
«69-011')1 07
THE QUALITY OP STOSB WEATHER FLOW,
W69-01195 07
CALIFORNIA HIGH UATEH, 1965-1966.
W69-0119I) 07
SEWERAGE BANUAL AND DIBP.CTOBY, 1963.
W69-01199 07
POLLUTION OP THE RIVER MERSEY.
W69-01501 07
RECLAIMED WATER WILL HELP PILL LAKES.
W69-01502 07
WBAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FSOfl STORM SFWSGE OVERFLOWS.
W69-01501 07
REPORTS ON THE PROGRESS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
W69-01505 07
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1965.
W69-01506 07
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1961.
W69-U1507
07
ANNUAL REPORTS OP THE CUMBERLAND RIVER BOARD, THE
NORTUUBBERLAND AND TYNBSIDE RIVER BOARD, AND THE WEAR AND
TEES BIVER HOARD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1964.
W69-01508 07
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS BEING FOR THE YEARS
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1961 AND 31ST MARCH, 1961.
W69-01509 07
TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH STATUTORY ANNUAL BEP09TS, YEABS ENDED
31ST MARCH, 1961 AND 31ST BARCB, 1961,
W69-01510 07
SECOND QUINQUENNIAL ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS RELATING TO RIVER
SURVEYS IN THE TRENT WATERSHED COVERING THE PIVE-YEAB PERIOD
1957 TO 1961 (WITH SOME SDPPL DATA FOR 1962).
W69-01511 07
CHICAGO ACTS TO ATTACK COMBINED SEWER PROBLEM.
W69-01512 08
A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF 1966 ON WASTE WATER AND WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL.
W69-01511 08
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH 1961 AND 1961. THE REPORTS OP THE
HYDRAULICS RESEARCH BOARD WITH THE BEPORTS OP THE DIRECTOR
OP HYDRAULICS BESEARCH.
W69-01516 08
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OP RIVEB AUTHORITIES AND SBWAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHOBITIES 18 LAYING DOWN AND COMPLYING WITH LIMITS OF
QUALITY FOR EFFLUENTS MORE BESTBICTIVE THAN THOSE OP THE
ROYAL COMMISSION.
W69-01517 08
FIFTEENTH AND FINAL ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE BRISTOL AVON RIVER
BOARD AND THE SEVERN BIVER BOARD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST
MABCH, 1965.
W69-01518 08
NORTHUBBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVER BOA8D. ANNUAL REPORTS FOR
THE YEARS ENDED THE 31ST MARCH, 1962 AND THE 31ST MABCH,
1963.
U69-01519 08
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER
BOARD FOR THE YEAB ENDED 31ST MABCH, 1961.
W69-01520 OB
ANNUAL REPOBTS OF THE SEVERN RIV8B BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER
BOABD FOR THE YEAS ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963.
W69-01521 08
DELWARE ESTUA8Y COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PRELIMINARY REPORT AND
FINDINGS.
W69-01522 08
INTERPRETING THE 1951 RIVERS POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT,
V69-01527 08
CONTROL OF SEWEB USAGE AT DETROIT, MICHIGAN,
W69-01528 OB
SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01531 08
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STOBM OVEBFLOW.
W69-01531 09
$5,729,103 AWARD FOB WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH.
V69-01535 09
MILWAUKEE SEEKS TO SOLVE POLLUTION P60BLEH.
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
NEW OKLHANS HAS GRANT TO 'MEAT STOHB WATEH.
W69-01540 09
inpE'.ovEHENT;; TO SEWAGE TREATMENT AT BATH.
W69-01511 09
ELHI1RIDGE WATEH POLLUTION CONTROL WORKS.
•69-01512 09
CITY PLANS TO TREAT STORfl WATER.
W69-01546 09
UNDERWATER STORAGE OF STORn OVERFLOW.
W69-01547 09
UNDERWATER TANKS DILL STORE RUN-OFF WATER.
W69-01548 09
NEW ORLEANS TRYING DISINFECTION OF STOHN-SEWEH DISCHARGES.
N69-01549 09
BILL GREEN SEWAGE DISPOSAL WORKS EXTENDED.
W69-015SO 09
APPLICATION OF STORAGE ROUTING METHODS TO URBAN HYDROLOGY,
W69-01S53 10
DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF FOR URBAN STORM HATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
W69-01')&0 10
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITARY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEMS,
W69-01162 10
STEPS TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF URBAN RUNOFF
PROCESSES,
W69-01563 10
ECONOMIC SURFACE-WATBB SEWERAGE A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
PRACTICE,
W69-01569 10
RAIS DISCHARGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
W69-01700 03
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF D6PHESSED CURB-OPENING INLETS,
•69-01702 03
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STORB WATER INLETS,
•69-01704 OJ
STORM WATEH TANKS WITHOUT GRADIENTS, A METHOD OF IMPROVING
THE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS OF TOWNS,
W69-01708 03
SOME HYDRAULIC ASPECTS OF SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01711 03
DATl AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEWERS.
W69-01715 OH
DRAINAGE (SEWERAGE).
W69-01718
04
0V
DISPOSAL OP MUNICIPAL SEWAGE (WATEH POLLUTION CONTROL AND
ABATSBENT).
W69-01724 01
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS FROH COMBINED SEWERS,
W69-OI726 014
SURVEY OP NAJAFGARH DRAIN DOWNSTREAM OF INDUSTRIAL AREA,
W69-01729 04
INFILTRATION INTO SEWERS.
• 69-017.12 05
HANDLING SANITARY SEWAGE AND STORK WATER, ROUND TABLE
DISCUSSION.
W69-01734 05
IN EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM
DESIGN,
•69-01712 05
EFFECT OF URBAN GROWTH ON STREABPLOW REGIMEN OP PEHHANEHTE
CBBEK, SANTA CLA8A COUNTY, CALIF,
W69-01571 10
RAINFALL-RUN-OFF RELATIONS IN THE UPPER GOULBURN RIVER
CATCHMENT, N.S.W. ,
W69-01'5a3 11
LABORATORY STUDY OF WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
1169-01581 11
SEQUENTIAL GENERATION OF RAINFALL AND RUNOFF DATA,
W69-015B5 11
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HYDROLOGIC CYCLE,
W69-01586 11
LIMITING FACTORS IN RAINFALL RUN-OFF,
W69-015S9 11
COMPUTING RUNOFF FROM SMALL WATERSHEDS,
W69-01593 11
PROGRESS REPORT OF THE STORB DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
W69-01659 01
BUILT TO BE SEEN,
W69-01675 01
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION OF SIDE WEIRS AS STORB WATER
OVERFLOWS,
W69-01677 02
LABORATORY STUDIES OF STORB OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY PLOW,
W69-01679 02
SKIPTON-SILSDEN SEWERAGE FINISHED AHEAD OF SCHEDULE.
W69-016B4 02
HEWTHORPE, NOTTS., SEWAGE DISPOSAL WORKS.
W69-01685 02
NEW SEWAGE WORKS COHBISSIONEO AT LEICESTER.
W69-016Q8 02
I1BTHOD OF AND MEANS FOR DEALING WITH STORB-WATBR OVERFLOWS
III SEWERS ADD LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
W69-01690 02
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON STORM OVERFLOWS AND THE DISPOSAL OP
STORM SEWAGE.
1169-01691 02
STORB WATER OVERFLOWS. THE USE OP SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
W69-01692 02
DESIGN OP UNDERWATER STORB WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEB,
W69-01693 02
DRAW-DOWN AND OTHER FACTORS RELATING TO DESIGN OF STORM-
WATER OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS,
D69-Q1695 02
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWIHDON, 1962 - 1967,
W69-01696 02
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OCCUB.
W69-01753 06
PLANNED CITY PLANS TO BE-USE STORB RUNOFF.
W69-01759 06
STANDARDS FOB SI08B-WATER FACILITIES.
W69-01761 06
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTEENTH CONFERENCE OP LOCAL AUTHORITY
ENGINEERS, QUEENSLAND, 1962.
W69-01761 06
STORK DRAIHAGE SYSTEMS.
W69-01769 06
BANUAL FOR URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER V INDUSTRIAL LAND
PLANNING,
W69-01770 06
ECONOMICS OP URBAN DBAIHAGE DESIGN,
W69-01771 06
BANUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER III RESIDENTIAL LAND
PLANNING,
W69-01772 06
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED SEWERS,
W69-01774 06
THE MAUNGARAKI DEVELOPMENT,
W69-01775 06
RETENTION BASIN ELIBIHATES NEED FOB COSTLY STORM SEWERS,
W69-01777 06
CALCULATION OF STORB-SEIUGE TANKS,
W69-01783 06
HOW TO ESTIMATE ST08B WATER QUANTITIES,
W69-01785 06
CONSIDERATION OP STORAGE CAPACITY IN STORM-WATER SEWERS,
W69-017H8 06
REPORT ON POLLUTION PROM OVERFLOWS - THE METROPOLITAN
SANITARY DISTRICT OF GREATER CHICAGO.
W69-01790 07
PRBLHINARY POLLUTION STUDY UPPEB EAST RIVER.
W69-01791 07
ELIBINATION OF MARGINAL POLLUTION—JABAICA BAY.
W69-01792 07
POLLUTIOMl EFFECTS OP STO8BWATER AND OVERFLOWS FBOH
COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS.
W69-01795 07
THE DAY-TO-DAY POLLUTION PROBLEMS OP THE THAMES ESTUARY,
W69-01797 07
DESIGN CRITERIA FOB INTEBCEPTOB SEWERS FOR ST LOUIS,
W69-01798 07
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RECOVERY OP A BRITISH BIVER FROM GROSS
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
ORGANIC POLLUTION,
•69-01799 "7
THE DETERGENT CONTENT OF RIVER WATEB AS A FUNCTION Of WATEB
J»LO»,
W69-01800 "7
SELF-PURIFICATION IH MUSSELS FROB THE BEDITBBRANBAN-ITS
USEFULNESS -ITS ACCOHPLISHBBNT-BESOLTS OBTAINED,
•69-01803 "7
STOBB WATER FLOW SELECTION BETHOD ELIBINATES SILT PROBLEB,
W69-0180* 07
FIELD STUDIES ON THE FLOW AND COBPOSITION OF STORM SEWAGE,
W69-01807 07
BACTERIAL SURVEY OF STBBABS AND BATHING BEACHES AT
CLEVELAND,
W69-01808 07
DESCRIPTION OF A COBBUNITY OF BICBO-ORGABISBS I» PURIFIED
SEWAGE BIXED KITH BAIN WATEB FROU STOBH SEWBBS,
W69-01H09 07
POLLUTION CONTROL BEASUBES FOB STOBBWATERS AND CONBIKED
SKWKR OVERFLOWS,
W69-01810 07
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOB STORB HATERS AND COMBINED
SEWER OVEBFLOWS,
•69-01811 07
COLIFORS AFTERGROWTHS IH CHLORINATED STORB OVERFLOWS,
W69-01811 07
THE USE OF LAKES IN CONNECTION WITH SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-018H 07
ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTRIBUTION IN EAST RIVEB,
W6')-018
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
FLOODING PBEO.UENCIES FOB URBAN DBAINAGE DESIGN,
10
PROGRESS REPORT (STUD? OF RATIONAL METHOD),
W69-01894 10
PROBLEMS OF WATER DISCHARGE III URBAN AREAS,
W69-01899 10
RUNOFF ESTIMATION FOR VERY SHALL DRAINAGE AREAS,
869-01900 10
ON MEASUREMENTS OF STORM-SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A GRAPHICAL
BETHOD,
W69-02111 02
MEASUREMENT OF STOBB WATER OUTLETS IN COMBINED SEWERS BY THE
THROTTLE-PIPE PBOCESS,
W69-02112 02
STORM-WATER OVEBFLOWS THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND,
W69-021I3 02
THE HYDROLOGY OF SMALL IMPERVIOUS ABEAS,
W69-01901 10
THE PROBLEMS OP ST08M-WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02115 02
HYDBOLOGIC EFFECTS OF URBAN GROWTH — SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF
URBAN RUN-OFF,
W69-01903 10
A BETHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN FOB BESIONS OF HIGH
BAINPALL INTENSITY,
W69-01910 10
RAINSTORMS BADE TO ORDER,
W69-01911 11
RETARDATION OP DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC WATEBS WITHIN THE ABBA OF
A COMMUNITY,
W69-01920 11
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERBINATION OF THE DIMENSIONS OF RAIN
STORAGE TANKS,
W69-01921 11
MEASURING RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF AT ATORM-WATER INLETS,
W69-01923 11
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW-HEAD SELF-PBIBING SIPHONS,
W69-01964 02
STORM SEWER TUNNEL 'THREADS NEEDLE' BETWEEN HIGHWAY BENTS,
W69-02077 01
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAMPLING A»D GAGING UNIT,
WM-020S8 01
THE TREATMENT OP STORM SEWAGE,
W69-02116 02
PROBLEM OF DESIGN OP INTERCEPTING DEVICES WITH OVERFLOW
WEIRS IN COMBINED SRWBB SYSTEBS,
W69-02117 02
HOW TO PLACE STORM SPILLWAY IN COMBINED STOBH AND SANIT4SY
SEWEB SYSTEM,
W69-02118 02
HYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS IN CALCULATING STORK-HATES OVERFLOWS,
W69-02119 02
THE EFFECT OF DELAYED DISCHABGE ON THE CALCULATION OP STORH-
SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02120 02
OVERFLOWS OF SANITARY SEWAGE FROB COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02122 OU
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEMS OF 'COMBINED' SEWERAGE,
W69-02123 014
IMPROVEMENTS IN SYSTEBS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE,
W69-02124 Oil
FOCUS ON RESEARCH. WATER POLLUTION BESEARCH AND TBE
MUNICIPAL ENGINEER,
W69-02126 OK
STORM SEWAGE SEPARATION BY HELICAL MOTION,
W69-02090 02
MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF STORB-WATEB
OVERFLOWS AND THEIB EFFECT ON THE SEWAGE WORKS AND THE
RECEIVING STREAM,
W69-02091 02
STOFB FLOWS FROB COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS IN THREE ABEAS,
W69-0209J 02
USB OF STORM WATER OVERFLOWS OH SEWEBS THEIR DESIRABILITY,
AND RISKS OF POLLUTION,
W69-02091 02
STORM-WATER CONTROL BY SIPHON SPILLWAYS AT EARLSWOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, REIGATE,
W69-02095 02
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF ST08N OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
W69-02096 02
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYDRAULIC DIMENSIONING OF
STATIONARY RAI» OVERFLOWS,
W69-02098 02
A CONTRIBUTION TO HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS OS LATERALIY-
BAFFLED STOBM-SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02099 02
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OP RAINWATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02100 02
THE STORAGE AND DISCHABGE CAPACITIES OF SEWERAGE AND THE
OPERATING FREOUENCY OF STOBM OVERFLOWS DUTCH HETHOD OP
CALCULATION,
W69-02101 02
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY 0? STOBfl WATER OVERFLOWS IN
COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEBS,
W69-02102 02
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STOBM WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02103 02
W69-0210U 02
RECONSTRUCTION OP OVERFLOWS,
W69-02106 02
PRACTICAL DESIGN OP STORM SEWAGE OVEBFLOWS,
W69-02107 02
MAINTENANCE OF STORM PLOW REGULATORS,
W69-02108 02
SECONDARY NOTIONS APPLIED TO STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02109 02
WASTE TREATMENT PLANT MODIFIED FOB INCREASED SOLIDS LOADING,
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STOBM WATERS AND COMBINED SEWER
OVERFLOWS,
W69-02127 OH
TROUBLE-FREE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02128 0V
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM OF BALANCING RATE OF FLOW AND
STRENGTH OF SEWAGE,
WS9-02129 04
STORM WATEB AND COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02131 01
COMBINED SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE WITH LIMITED RAW WATEB INLET,
W69-02133 Ott
STORM WATER OVERFLOW IN EXISTING COMBINED SEWERS,
W69-02135 OH
WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN BERLIN,
W69-02136 00
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS OF COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02138 01
SEPARATE SYSTEMS-COMBINED SYSTEMS,
W69-02139 0»
WEST HARTLEPOOL SEWERAGE SCHEME WILL CLEAN BEACHES,
W69-02143 OH
DESIGN OF BAIN OVERFALLS III DBAINAGE NETWORKS AND SEWAGE
TREATMENT PLANTS,
W69-021U4 04
EFFECT OP VABIOUS STORM-WATER PROTECTIVE MEASURES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEM,
W69-021US 00
FREQUENCY OP FLOW OVER STORK-WATER OVEBFLOWS AND STORAGE
POSSIBILITIES IN TRE SEWERAGE SYSTEM.
W69-02)48 04
NEW PROCESS POR SIMPLE CALCULATION OF DILUTION VALUES FOB
STOBM WATER OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02150 01
EFFECT OP STOBH WATEB Q« THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
RECEIVING STREAKS,
U69-02U3 OK
THE STOBH-WATER COMPROMISE,
W69-02155 01
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OP EXISTING INTERCEPTORS,
W69-0215& 04
A BBIEP HISTORY OP POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION CONTBOL
IN THE CITY OP LONDON, ONT,
W69-02157 01
A PLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM FOB THE METROPOLITAN ST.
27
-------
SiJIIJECT INDEX
LOUIS SKWF.H DISTRICT,
•69-02158
HOW TO ANALYSE COMBINED SEW AGE-STORMWAT EH COLLECTION
liYJTKMS,
IK.9-02159 OU
I>WP OF 2&2,ooo GPU FOB BRENTWUOD SEWAGE WORKS,
•69-022J1 09
TURKEY CHEEK SEWAGE PUMPING STATION,
• 69-02212 09
DIVERSION FACTORS POD COMBINED SF.BEBS BASED OH SEWAGE AND
STHKAM ANALYSES,
•69-02160 04
SOUR APPLICATIONS OK HESBASCil IN THE DESIGN OF SEWERAGE AND
SEWAGE-TREATMENT WOBKS,
•69-02233 09
COMBINED V3 SEPASATf SYSTEMS OF SEWBBAGE,
•69-32161 04
EMERGENCY ALUM TREATMENT OF OPEN BESEHVOIBS,
•69-02234 09
SEWAGE WUHKS DESIGN AND WET WEATHER FLOSS,
W69-021(>4 ot|
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOB SANITARY SEWE1I EXTENSIONS,
W69-U2172 05
CONTROL OF POLLUTION PROM COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS,
W69-022.15 09
SOUTUEND-QN-SEA SEWAGE WORKS AND PUMPING STATIONS,
W69-02236 09
STORM WATER ID SANITA9Y SEWERS,
•69-02175 05
A STUDY OF STORNBATEB INFILTRATION INTO SANITARY SEWEBS,
H69-02177 "5
THE DESIGN OF STORM SEWEBS,
W69-02178 06
OIL BETENTION IN STORM-SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS AND STORM-
SI-IWAGE TANKS,
U69-021BI 06
LEAVES WON'T CLOG THIS CATCH BASIN,
•69-02182 06
STOBM SBWEB ENDS MAN-MADE FLOODS,
•69-02188 06
CALCULATION OP RETENTION TANKS IN STORM-BATHS SEWEBS,
U69-02191 06
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOR SEWEB SEPARATION,
•69-02192 06
POLLUTION OP STORM 8UNOPF IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OP LARGE
TOWNS,
W69-02209 07
POLLUTION OF CITY SURFACE BUN-OFF BATES.
•69-02210 07
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SEWAGB--STOBM WATER
MIXTURES,
•69-02211 07
SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN THE REGION OP THE LOWER LAKE THUN,
W69-0221) 07
STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
•69-02214 07
THE EFFECT OF FBP.SH-HATEB RUN-OFF ON A POPULATION OF
ESTUAHINP. POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS,
U69-02215 07
METHOD OP CLEANING SEWEfi SYSTEMS,
•69-02238 09
SAINT NICOLAS TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SEWAGE-
TREATMENT WORKS,
K69-022-J9 09
SEWERAGE AND STOBN-PLOB TREATMENT,
•69-02240 09
GROUND WATER SECHABGE - CONSERVATION IN NASSAU COUNTY,
W69-02241 09
VARIATION OF RUN-OPF COEFFICIENT,
W69-02246 11
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OP STORM RUNOFF IN SOUTHEASTERN
LOUISIANA AND SOUTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI,
•69-02257 11
REGRESSION MODELS POR PREDICTING ON-SITE BUN-OFF FBOM SHOBT
DURATION CONVECTIVE STORMS,
W69-02260 11
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF STORM-WATEB PLOWS IN A LARGE
CHANNEL SYSTEM,
•69-02271 11
PROGRESS BEPOBT ON THE STOBK DRAINAGE RESEARCH PfiOJECT, JULY
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE JOTII, 1960,
•69-02276 11
STORM SEWERS
WHAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION PROM STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS.
W69-01504 07
TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH STATUTORY ANNUAL REPORTS, YEARS ENDED
31ST MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1964.
•69-01510 07
NEW YORK STATE MUNICIPAL WATER AND SEWAGE,
W69-01525 08
TESTS CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF STORM OVERFLOW.
W69-01534 09
EFFECTS ON WINTER STORM RUNOFF ON VEGETATION AND AS A PACTOa
IN STREAM POLLUTION,
•69-02216 07
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
•69-02217 07
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OF INDICATOR BACTERIA III
SOIL AND THEI8 CONTRIBUTION TO STORM-WATER POLLUTION,
•69-02218 07
» STUDY OF LAKE MICHIGAM CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND
PHYSICAL,
•69-02219 07
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DEGREES OF DILUTION IN TUB SBWEdS AT
THE STOBM UATBB OUTLET, AND IN THE RECEIVING STBEAB,
•69-02220 07
STOKM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A MAJOR POLLUTION SOURCE,
•69-02221 07
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOR IN EUTBOPHICATION,
•69-02222 07
URBAN LAND RUN-OP? AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION,
•69-0222} 07
CHARACTERIZATION, TRBATHEm AND DISPOSAL OP URBAN STOBM
UATER,
H69-0222U 07
PESTICIDES AND OTHEB CONTAMINANTS IN RAINFALL AND BUNOPF,
•69-02225 07
EFFECTS OP CONSTRUCTION ON PLUVIAL SEDIMENT, UB8AN AND
SURBUUBAN AREAS OF MARYLAND,
•69-02227 07
SOME PBOBLEHS IN THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OP SMALLER TREATMENT
WORKS,
W69-0222H 09
SE» ORLEANS HAS GHANT TO TREAT STORM WATER.
•69-01540 09
CITY PLANS TO TREAT STOBM WATER.
•69-01546 09
DETERMINATION OP RIIHOFP POR DRBAN STOBM UATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
• 69-01560 10
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITARY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
MULTIPLICITY OP PBOBLBBS,
W69-01562 10
UNIT HIDBOGBAPH CHARACTERISTICS POR SEWEBED A8EAS,
•69-01566 10
RAINFALLS OP SHORT DURATION AND HIGH INTENSITY AN
ALTERNATIVE TO BItHAM'S FORMULA,
•69-01590 11
PBOGBESS BEPOBT OP THE STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
•69-01659 01
LARGEST SEWER PHOTO INSPECTION,
•69-01662 01
THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OP DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
•69-01698 03
"ABLES FOB THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OP STORM-DRAINS, SEBERS, AND
PIPE-LUES,
•69-01699 03
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEWERS.
B69-01715 04
SEPARATING STOBM AND SANITARY SEWERS IN URBAN RBNBMAL.
•69-01723 04
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OCCUR.
•69-01753 06
NO STOBM-BATER BIPASS,
•69-02229
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
W69-01754 06
-------
SUBJECT INDEI
NE« SEWERAGE PUR CBOYDOH.
W69-Q1755 06
STOKM SEWER DESIGN AND ANALYSIS BY COHPUTEH.
W69-017S7 06
STANDABDS FOR STORB-WATER FACILITIES.
W69-01761 06
PINS-PONG BALLS BILL TRACE POLLUTION.
W69-01762 06
FLOOD BELIEF SCHEBE F08 WEST LONDON.
S69-01761 06
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TtilHTEESTU CONFERENCE OF LOCAL AUTHORITY
ENGINEERS, QUEENSLAND, 1962.
W69-017M 06
STORM SEWER TUNNEL 'THREADS NEEDLE1 BETWEEN HIGHWAY BENTS,
W69-02077 01
THE PROBLEMS OF ST08M-WATEB OVERFLOWS,
H69-02115 02
THE PROBLEM OF SBPABATION I» PLANNING SEWEB SYSTEBS,
W69-02121 04
CORRECTING STORM-WATEB INFILTRATION, TONAWANDA, NEW YORK,
W69-02165 05
THE DESIGN OF STORB SEWEBS,
W69-02178 06
STOBB SEWEB DESIGN BY THE INLET BETHOD,
W69-02179 06
SURFACE WATE8 AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
U69-01765
06
A GUIDE FOR ENGINEERS TO THE DESIGN OF STORB SEWER SYSTEBS,
PBEPACED BY THE BEPOBT OF THE JOINT COBMITTEE ON RAINFALL
AND RUN-OFF OF THE BOAD RESEARCH BOARD AND THE MINISTRY OF
HOUSING AND LOCAL GOVE8NBENT.
W69-01766 06
THIRTEENTH SSSUAL BEP08T, 1963-64.
W69-01768 06
ECONOMICS UF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
«69-Ot771 06
STOSB SEWEB TUNNEL IN ST. PAUL,
W69-01773 06
EPOXY SOLVES HAZARDOUS SEWEB LINING PROBLBB,
W69-01776 06
RETENTION BASIN E1.IBINATES NEED FOR COSTLY STOflfl SEWEHS,
W69-01777 06
DETERMINATION OF VABIABLE MAXIBAL INTENSITY COEFFICIENTS FOB
STOHM-SEBER CALCULATIONS,
1P69-01780 06
DESIGN OF SURFACE-WATER SEWEBS,
W69-01781 06
BAIN DRAINAGE FOR SKELBERSDALB NEW TOWN,
W69-0178U 06
HOW TO ESTIMATE STOBB WATER QUANTITIES,
W69-01785 06
BAIN DRAINAGE OF LBYTON,
W69-01786 06
CONSIDERATION Of STORAGE CAPACITY IN STORB-WATBR SEWERS,
K69-01788 06
OISCHkaof-S FROM SEPARATE STOBB SEWERS 1KO COBBINEB SEUEBS,
W69-01796 07
CHEBICAL AND PHYSICAL COBPARISON OF COflBINED AND SEPABATE
SEWEB DISCHABGES,
W69-01801 07
BACTERIOLOGICAL COBPAHISON BETWEEN COBBIKED AND SEPARATE
SEWEB DISCHABGES,
1169-01802 07
POLLUTION COSTR01. BEASURES FOB STOBBWATEBS AND COBBIHED
SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-01810 07
POLLUTI01I CONTROL MEASURES FOR STORM WATERS AHB COBBIHED
SEWER OVERFLOWS,
H69-01811 07
DBTOUBING CALABITY IN WATER BESOURCE DEVELOPBENT. A CASE IN
POINT SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN,
W69-01821 07
OIL-SEPABATOR TANKS FOB BOTOBWAYS IN THE RUHR VALLEY,
W69-01827 07
THE POtlUTIOB OF BUS-OFF FBOB URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
W69-01fl.l1 07
STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01836 07
THE RIHNEAPOHS-SAINT PAUL SASITABY OtSTBtCT - OPERATION AND
EXPANSION,
W69-01838 07
SEUEBAGE SYSTERS AND HIVES POLLUTION,
W69-0181H 07
AUTOMATED PUBPING STATIONS FOB OUR NATION'S CAPITAL,
W69-0187B 09
USE OF 3M DUB REINFORCED CONCRETE STORH SEWEBS FOR WESTERN
SIBERIAN METALLURGICAL PLANT, SOVIET ONION,
W69-02180 06
LEAVES WON'T CLOG THIS CATCH BASIN,
1169-02182 06
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER CONTROL IN THE MILWAUKEE
METBOPOLITAN DISTRICT,
869-02183 06
HOH TO SIZE CONDUITS FOR STORM SBVEBS,
W69-02181 06
A NEW WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM,
W69-02185 06
SOLUTION FOB STORM SEWER SYSTEM PROBLEM,
W69-02186 06
STORM SEWEB TUNNELING IN SANDSTONE,
W69-02187 06
STORM SEWER ENDS MAN-BADE FLOODS,
W69-02188 06
ABE PBOTECTED STORM WATBB OUTLETS DANGEROUS TO STBEABS,
W69-02189 06
STOBB SEWER SYSTEMS,
W69-02190 06
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOR SEWGR SEPARATION,
W69-02192 06
HIGHWAY DRAINAGE AND EROSION CONTROL,
1169-02193 06
THE APPLICATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY TO THE DESIGN OF SEWEHS,
W69-02194 06
STORB SEWER DESIGN FACTORS,
W69-02195 06
FUNDAMENTALS OF SEWER DESIGN,
K69-02196 06
SIMPLIFIED SEUCR DESIGN,
W69-02198 06
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CURRENT WORKS AT GLENROTHES NEW TOWN,
W69-02199 06
SHORTCOMINGS AND POTENTIAL OF ZONING,
W69-02200 06
FUNCTION AND ORGANIZATION OF HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SECTIONS,
W69-02203 06
DESIGN OP STORB SEWEB SYSTEMS,
W69-0220H 06
DRAIN THAT GREW AND GBEW,
W69-02206 06
SOIL AND WATER PROBLEMS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
GRAPHIC STORM SBWBH DESIGN,
B69-02208 06
POLLUTION OF CITY SURFACE RUB-OFF WATER,
W69-02210 07
THB OOAHTJ OF RAINFALL RUN-OFF WATER FROM A HOUSING ESTATE,
W69-0222& 07
NOMQGRAMS FOR THE OST F.RMIIUTIOV OF ANTICIPATED HATER
DISCHARGE IN PLANNING RAIN BUN-OFF SYSTEMS,
K69-02268 11
STORMS
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT,
W69-01888 10
CITY OF OAKLAND DEVELOPS NEW RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION
COBVBS,
W69-01908 10
RETARDATION OF DISCHARGE IN PUBLIC WATERS WITHIN THE ABEA OF
A COMBUIIITT,
STUDIES OF SEVERE RAINSTORMS IN ILLINOIS,
869-01896 10
RAINSTORMS MADE TO OBDB8,
W69-01911
-------
SUBJECT INDBI
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OP HEAVY STORM RAINFALLS II ILLINOIS,
W69-01915 11
TIME DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL IN HEAVY STOBMS,
W69-01916 11
NON-LINEAB INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDBOGRAPH THEORY,
W(,9-02262 11
STREET GUTTERS
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTER CAPACITY,
W69-01789 06
SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE
SOUBCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NEMATODBS IN SURFACE WATERS,
W69-01fl05 07
GROUND WATKK CONTROL POR HIGHWAYS,
06
SUBSURFACE fiUNOFP
BBLATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATBBS AND USE
OF WELL OBSERVATIONS IN HIVES-FLOW FORECASTING,
W69-02270 11
SUBURBAN DRAINAGE
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SUBURBAN ABEAS,
K69-01663 01
SUBPACE DRAINAGE
NATUBE AND SCOPE OP SURFACE DRAINAGE IN EASTERN UNITED
STATUS AND CANADA,
W69-OI524 OB
PLOOJ) BBLIEF PSOJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
W69-01754 06
SURFACE WATER AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
W69-01765 06
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE CALCULATION BY DIGITAL COMPUTER,
W69-01782 06
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE SURFACE WATEB DRAINAGE
SYSTEM OP HEHEL HEMPSTEAD,
W69-01868 09
PBOGRRSS TO DATE AND CURRENT WOBftS AT GLENBOTHES NEW TOWN,
1169-02199 06
SURFACE
DRAINAGE AMD BEST USE OF U8BAN LAND,
W69-01S59
10
BCONOniC SUBFACE-WATBB SEWERAGE A SUGGESTED STANDABD OP
PRACTICE,
Uf>9-01569 10
LIMITING FACTOBS IN RAINFALL BUN-OFF,
W69-01"589 11
SURFACE WATER AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
H69-01765 06
SEWERAGE AND SEKAGE DISPOSAL IN BETBOSPECT AND PBOSPECT,
W69-01888 10
PBOBLEHS OF KATES DISCHARGE IN URBAN ABEAS,
1169-01899 10
SUBfACB BATEB DBAINAGE-- BEV IEN OF PAST BSSBARCH,
»69-0190» 10
THE DESIGN OF IIBBAB SEUKB SISTBBS. BBSBABCH IKTO THE
RELATION BP,T«E«» BATE OP BAINFALL AND THE BATE OP PLOII IN
SEVERS,
H69-0190S 10
A BETIIOD OP UBBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN FOB BBOIONS OP HIGB
KHXHil INTENSITY,
169-01910 10
BSOUNP KATBB BBCBABOI! - COBSEBVATION IB NASSAU COONTY,
N69-022»1 09
CHARACTEBISTICS OF Tilt INLET UYDBOGBAPH,
N69-02J75 11
SUBFACB BUNOFF
CONCEPTION OP A HODEL FOB DETERBIXING THE IAVS Or tHH
DISCHABGt RELATIONS ,
N69-01576 11
BAINPALLS OF SUORT DURATION ADD HIGH INTENSITY AI
ALTERNATIVE TO BILHAH'S POBHOLA.
K69-01590 11
ON-THE-SPOT TSSTS CHBCK GUTTBg CAPACITY,
1169-01789 06
ACTIVITIES BEPOBT, JULY 1, 196U - JUNE 30, 1965, BASIC ANP
APPLIED SCIENCES BRANCH, DIVISION OF KATER SUPPLY AND
POLLUTIO! CONTBOL.
H69-01791 07
SOU SCI AND PERSISTENCE Of NKRATODiS It S'JftlCf KIT BBS,
K69-0180* 07
rocaa on POLLUTION BIPOCTION i» SCOTLAND,
K69-01806 07
THE USE OF LAKES IN CONNECTION WITH SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01811 07
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OP HIGHWAYS,
W69-018SI4 07
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE—SeVIEK OP PAST RESEARCH,
B69-0190H 10
A BASIC STUDY OP THE SAIKFALI. BICB3S-SU8PACE RUN-OFF
BELATIONSHIP IB A BASIN SYSTEM,
W69-01925 11
CORRECTING STORM-WATER INFILTBATION, TONAWANDA, NEW YORK,
W69-OJ165 05
FUNCTION ASD OBGABIZATION OF HIGHWAY DBAINAGE SECTIONS,
¥69-02203 06
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING IN A NEW TOWN—PROGRESS AND
PROBLEMS,
N69-022JO 09
A CATCHMENT STORAGE MODEL FOB BUN-OFF ROUTING,
W69-022l4i| 11
SURPACE-WATEB HYDROLOGY OP CALIFORNIA COASTAL BASINS BETWEEN
SAN PHANCISCO BAY AND EEL BIVER,
B69-02253 11
NOTES 00 CALCULATING FLOW OP SUBPACE BATES IN SEWERS,
W69-02255 11
SYNTHESIS OP INLET UYDBOGBAPB,
W69-02268 11
HON-LINEAB INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDBOGRAPH THEOBY,
W69-02262 11
BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL AND HYDBOCHEMICAL CHABACTEBISTICS OF
LOCAL BUNOFF OF NATURAL ZONES IN EUBOPEAN TEBBITORY OF U S S
X,
«69-0226» 11
BELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBPACE AND UNDEBGBOUND WATERS AND USE
OP WELL OBSBBVATIONS IN BIVEB-FLOW FOBECASTKG,
W69-02270 11
SURVEYS
SEWERAGE MANUAL AND DIBECTOBY, 1963.
W69-01499 07
COMBINED SEWER STUDY,
N69-02152 04
SEWERAGE AND STOBM-PLOW TREATMENT,
W69-02210 o»
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
WATEB POLLUTION BESEABCH, 1961.
W69-01507 07
TWELFTH AND THI8TEENTH STATUTOBY ANNUAL REPORTS, YEABS ENDED
31ST HABCH, 1963 AND )1ST HABCH, 1964.
W69-01510 07
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS OP BUEB AUTHOBITIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
AUTHORITIES IN LAYING DO»N AND COMPLYING WITH LIMITS OF
QUALITY FOB EFFLUENTS HOBE BESTBICTIVE THAN THOSE OP THE
BOYAL COMMISSION.
K69-01517 08
FIFTEENTH AND FINAL ANNUAL REPOBTS OP THE BBISTOL AVON BIVER
BOA8B ASD THE SBVBBN BIVE» BOABD FOB THE YBAB ENDED 31ST
HABCH, 1965.
W69-01518 Q8
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE BIVEB BOABD. ANNUAL BEPOBTS FOB
THE YEABS ENDED THB 31ST MABCH, 1962 AND THE 31ST MARCH,
1963.
869-01519 08
ANNUAL REPOBTS OP THE SEVKBB BIVEB BOABD AND THE WYE RIVEB
BOABD F01 THE YEAB ENDED 11ST MARCH, 1964.
W69-01520 OB
FINE SCBEENS FOB COHBIHED SEKAGE.
W69-01533 09
TESTS CHEfllCAL TB2JT8ENT OF STOBM OVEBFLOI.
W69-01531 09
LABORATORY STUDIES OP STOBR OVERFLOWS KITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
U69-01679 02
METHOD OF AID MEANS PO1 DEALING WITH SIORB-WATEB OVEBFLOWS
IN SEWEBS ADD LIKE DRAINAGE SYSTEMS.
1169-01690 02
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ON STOIM OVEBPLOgS 1VO THE DISPOSAL OP
STOBH SEWAGE.
1169-01691 02
DESIGN OP UNDERWATER STORfl WATSR OVRBPLOW STOBAOE SYSTEH,
W69-01693 02
SOME HYOIAOLIC ASPECTS OP SEWEBAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01711 03
SURVEY OP NAJAPGABH DBAII DOWNSTREAM OP INDUSTRIAL AREA,
W69-01729 04
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
SEWER INFILTRATION.
W69-01735
FLOOD BELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
W69-01751 06
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL COMPARISON OP COMBINED AHD SEPARATE
SKWKH DISCHARGES,
W69-01S01 07
STORK WATER PLOW SELECTION METHOD ELIMINATES SILT PROBLEM,
W69-01801 07
FIELD STUDIES OH THE FLOW AND COSPOSITION OP STORK SEWAGE,
W69-01807 07
ST08B-WATEB INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
W69-01816 07
THE RETENTION OF POLLUTING HATTER FROM STORM OVERFLOWS,
W69-01819 07
NEW SEWERAGE FOB CHOYDON.
Wf.9-01755 06
STORM SEWEB TUNNEL is ST. PAUL,
W6-J-01773 06
UNDERFLOW SEWERS FOR CHICAGO,
W69-02151 01
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN F08 SEWBB SEPARATION,
W69-02192 06
TURBIDITY
URBAN LAUD BUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION,
W69-02223 07
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEWERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
•69-01852 07
EMERGENCY ALUM TREATMENT OP OPEN RESERVOIRS,
W69-0223H 0")
CHLORINATION OF MIXED SEWAGE AND STORN WATER,
W69-01flf>7 09
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC FILTER MEDIUH,
W69-01871 09
THE PERFORMANCE OF STILLING PONDS IN HANDLING SOLIDS,
W69-02092 02
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF STORM OVERFLOW CONTROL PIPES,
W69-02096 02
UNITED STATES
HOW COMBINED SEWERS AFFECT WATER POLLUTION. PT 2,
W69-01851 07
THE INFLUENCE OP COMBINED SEWERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01852 07
URBAN DRAINAGE
SOURCES OP NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES. TASK
OBOUP REPORT.
W69-01497 07
TESTS ON A flODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
CLEAN UP OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
W69-01500
HECOHSTHUCTIOIl OF OVERFLOWS,
W69-02106
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF STORM SEUAGB OVERFLOWS,
W69-02107 02
SECONDARY MOTIONS APPLIED TO STOBH SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W61-02109 02
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF VOB'tEK OVEBFLOKS,
W69-0211U 02
COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02147
DEPOSITION IN A SANITARY SEWEB,
W69-02170
WHAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FBON STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS.
W69-01509 07
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS BEING FOR THE TEARS
ENDF.D 3 1ST BIRCH, 1963 IND 31ST HARCH, 196U.
W69-01509 07
SECOND aUINQUENNIAL ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS RELATING TO RIVER
SURVEYS III THE UENT WATERSHED COVERING THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD
1957 TO 1961 (BITH SOME SUPPL DATA FOR 1962).
W69-015I1 07
200 POLLUTERS GK? THE WORD EABLI.
W69-01513 08
DRAINAGE PROBLEMS IN AN ABBA CHANGING FBON BUBAL TO URBAN,
869-01523 08
POLLUTION OF STOBM RUNOFF IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LARGE
TOWNS,
W69-02209 07
URBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAB POLLUTION,
W69-02223 07
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF URBAN STORM
WATER,
U69-02221 07
THAM3S ESTUARY
THE DAY-TO-DAY POLLUTION PROBLEMS OF THE THAMES ESTUARY,
W69-01797 07
TRACERS
FLUID FLOW MEASUREMENT.
W69-0165B 01
PING-PONG BALLS WILL TRACE POLLUTION.
W69-01762 06
APPLICATION OF STORAGE ROUTING HBTHODS TO URBAN HYDROLOGY,
W69-01S53 10
ASCE'S URBAN WATER STUDIES.
W69-01556 10
ASCE RESEARCH PBOGBAM IN URBAN WATER BESOUBCES.
W69-01557 10
DBAINAGE AND BEST USE OF UBBAN LAUD,
W69-015S9 10
DETERMINATION OF H'JUOTF FOB OBUAS STOBN WATBtl DBAIDAG!
SYSTEM DESIGN,
W69-01560 10
TIME ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL OH URBAN CATCHMENT,
1169-01561 10
EFFECTS OF HBO OSS OH HITEE BtSOUBCHS,
W69-01S6U 10
TREATMENT
SYSTEH STUDY, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL STORAGE,
TREATMENT AND BEFUSE OF STOBH WATER.
W69-01860 09
EMERGENCY ALUM TREATMENT OF OPES BESEBVOIRS,
W69-02231 09
TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION
BORE DUG IN WET SOIL FLOWS TRICKY PATH.
W69-01756 06
HIGHWAY BRIDGE HE» BUILD TUNNEL-FOH WATER.
W69-01758 06
SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER PROJECT,
W69-02076 01
STORM SEWER TUNNEL 'THREADS NEEDLE1 BETWEEN HIGHWAI BENTS,
W69-02077 01
UNDERFLOW SEVERS FOR CHICAGO,
W69-02151 Ott
STORH SEWER TUNNELING IN SANDSTONE,
W69-021H7 06
PERIMETER DRAINAGE TO PROTECT URBAN LANDS,
W69-01565 10
ECONOMIC SURFACE-WATER SEWERAGE A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
PRACTICE,
W69-01569 10
SCALE nODEL OF URBAN RUNOFF FROM STOBM RAINFALL,
W69-01570 10
EFFECT OF URBAN GROWTH ON STBEAflFLOy RSGIHEN OP PERMANENTE
CREEK, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIF,
W69-01571 10
STORH WATER TANKS WITHOUT GRADIENTS, A METHOD OF IMPROVING
THE SEWERAGE SYSTEMS OF TOWNS,
U69-01708 03
ASCE SEWER PROJECT CONTINUES.
W69-01713
MUNICIPAL SESBRAGB.
W69-01731
on
OS
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OCCUR.
W69-01753 06
TUNNELS
DEEP TUNNEL SYSTEH GETS OFF THE GROUND,
W69-01712 0«
MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE.
N69-01731 05
PLANNED CITI PLANS TO BE-OSI SIORH RUNOFF.
¥69-01759 06
UTILIZATION OF STREAM FOR STREAM DAMAGE.
W69-01760 06
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
BANUAI, HJH UUUAN PLANNING - CHAPTEB V INDUSTRIAL LAND
PLANNING,
WftV-~OT770 06
ECONOMICS OK UBBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
W69-01711 06
MANUAL »» 118UAN PLANNING - CHAPTER III RESIDENTIAL LAND
PLANNING,
(69-01772 16
THE NAUNGABAKI DEVELOPMENT,
(69-01775 "6
STORM HATER DETENTION IN UBBAN AREAS,
(6
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
PNEI.1MI NARY STUDY OF EFFECT OF URH AN1Z ATION ON FLOODS IN
JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI,
W69-01907 10
HAUVARD GULCH FLOOD CUNTKUL PROJECT,
lift1)-019 11 10
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER BOABD AND THE WYE RIVEB
BOASD P08 THE Y8AR ENDED 3 1ST MARCH, 19<>'i-onu7 03
MEASBREBENT OF KASNISK'S ROUSHNE3S COEFFICIENT,
Wfi9-01709 03
FLOOD RELIEF PROJECT IN LONDON SUBURB.
W69-017S4 06
NEW ORLEANS HAS GRANT TO TREAT STORM WATER.
«69-01"iHO 09
EFFECTS OF LA»D USE ON WATER RESOURCES,
W69-01564 10
PERMISSIBLE HATER POLLUTION AT COMBINED SEWE8 OVERFLOWS,
»69-01681 02
DESIGS, CONSTBUCTIOS AND OPERATION OF SEWKH OUTFALLS IN
ESTUABINE AND TIDAL WATEB3,
S69-01103 03
SEWER SEPARATION.
W69-01719 04
SEPABATIHS STOBM AND SANITARY SEVERS IN URBAN RENEWAL.
W69-01723 0«
DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE (WATER POLLUTION CONTROL AND
ABATEMENT).
W69-01724 OK
DOUBLE- HARHF.LED CLAY-PIPE SEWER,
W69-0207')
TROUBLE-FREE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
VK.9-02128 01
PROVIDE DRAINAGE BEFORE FLOODS OCCUR.
W69-0175] 06
PRELIMINARY POLLUTION STUDY UPPER EAST RIVF.B.
W69-01791 07
DflAIS THAT OSES AND GREW,
W69-02206
ELIKINATIOII OF MARGINAL POLLUTION — JAMAICA BAY.
W69-01792 01
WASHINGTON
UNDERKATER STORAGE OF STORM OVERFLOW.
W69-015U7 09
DATA AVAILABLE ON SEPARATING COMBINED SEWERS.
U69-01715 0»
INVESTIGATION OP POLLUTION OF EISTCHESTEB BH.
W69-01793 07
SELF-PURIFICATION IN MUSSELS fBOB THE NEDITEBBANBAN-ITS
USEFULNESS -IIS ACCQ«PI.ISimE8T-RESUl.TS OBT1IDID,
K69-01803 07
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
W69-01829 07
OVERFLOWS FROM COMBINED SRHERS IN WASHINGTON, D C,
W69-01839 07
AUTOMATED PUMPING STATIONS FOR OUB NATION'S CAPITAL,
W69-01878 09
WASTE DILUTION
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUHBEBLAND RIVEB BOARD, THE
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNBSIDE RIVER BOARD, AND THE HEAR ADD
TBES BIVER BOABD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 3 1ST MARCH, 1961.
W69-01508 07
THE DETERGENT CONTENT OF HIVEB KA.TER AS A FUHCTIOB OF «»TB«
FLOW,
W69-01800 07
THE FLOW IN A STREAM AS A MEASURE OP THE DEGREE Of OILUTIOH
OF STORB-WATER DISCHARGSS,
W69-01817 07
SEWAGE WORKS DESIGN AND WET HEATHER FLOWS,
W69-02161 Oil
WATER POLLUTION
EHVIROSttESTA.!. FACTORS IN RELATION TO \i»TBR USE ADD
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
W69-01196 07
SF.WERAGE BASUAI.
K69-01H99
DIBF.CT09J, 1963.
POLLUTION OF THE RIVER MERSEY.
UM-01SP1 07
HHAT TO DO ABOUT POLLUTION FHOB STORM SEWACE OVERFLOWS.
W69-0150t 07
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUMBEBLAND RIVER BOA8D, THE
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYHESIDK RIVER BOARD, AND THE WEAR AND
TEES RIVER BOABD FOB THE YEAR ENPED 31ST MARCH, 1964.
W69-01508 07
TWELTH A»D THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORTS BEIBG FOR THE YEARS
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1964.
W69-01509 07
TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH STATUTORY ANNUAL REPORTS, YtABS ENDED
31ST MABCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1961.
W69-01510 07
SECOND OUINQUENNIAL ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS RELATING TO BIVBR
SURVEYS IS THE TREIIT WATERSHED COVERING TUB PIVB-YEAR PERIOD
1957 TO 1961 (KITH SOME SOPPL DATA FOB 1962).
W69-01511 07
FIELD STUDIES ON THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OP STOBM SEWAGE,
¥69-01807 07
BACTERIAL SURVEY 0? STBEAMS A8D BATHING BEACHES AT
CLEVELAND,
K69-01808 07
RIVEB POLLUTION BY STOBB OVERFLOWS. All ATTEMPT AT
RATIONALIZATION,
W69-01815 07
POLLUTIOH PREVENTION I» NORTHERN I8EIAHD,
W69-01818 07
THE RETENTION OP POLLUTING MATTER PROM STORM OVERFLOWS,
U69-01819 07
SOURCES AND CONTROL OP RIVER POLLUTION.
W69-01822 07
PROBLEMS III THE PLANKING OP SEWAGB WORKS,
W69-0182H 07
OIL-SEPARATOR TANKS POR MOTORWAYS IN THE RUHR VALLEY,
W69-01827 07
PATHS OP POLLUTION IN NEW YORK HARBOR-MODEL STUDY,
W69-01628 07
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SEWERAGE SYSTEM,
W69-01829 07
THE POLLUTION OP RUN-OFF FROM URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
W69-01831 07
CHEMICAL CONTROL OP WATER QUALITY IN A TIDAL BASK,
W69-01832 07
THE STORM-SEWAGE POLLUTION PROBLEM.
W69-01835 07
STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
Wfi9-01836
07
SEWAGE LOAD OF RECEIVING STBE1RS PBOH NIXED SEVERS,
W69-01840 07
DISCHARGE OF RAIN WATER FROM URBAN SEWERS INTO STREAMS,
W69-01841 07
THE POLLUTIONAl, EFFECTS OF STORK HATER OVERFLOWS FROM
COMBINED SEWERS,
869-01843 01
SEWERAGE SYSTEMS ADD HIVER POLLUTION,
W69-0184« 07
HOB COMBINED SSWBRS AFFECT WATER POLLUTION. FT 1,
-------
WAT-WAT
W69-Oie')0
-SUBJECT INDEX
HOW COBBIHED SEWERS AFFECT WATER POLLUTION. PI 2,
W69-018M 07
REPORTS ON THE PROGRESS Of APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
W69-01SO'j 07
rue INFLUENCE or COBBINED SEIIERS ON enii.art.OK COSTBOL,
W6<)-018'>2 07
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HIGHWAYS,
W69-OI8SK
07
BOUEL INVESTIGATIONS OP DIFFERENT TYPES OP STORB-WATEB
OVEBPLOWS AND THEIR EFFECT ON TUB SEWAGE WORKS A HD T8E
RECEIVING STREAM,
W69-02091 02
USE OP STORM WATER OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS THEIR DESIRABILITY,
AND BISKS OP POLLUTION,
W69-0209K 02
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY OP STORM HATER OVERFLOWS III
COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEBS,
W69-02102 02
THE TREATMENT OF 5TORB SEWAGE,
W69-02116 02
TUB PBOBLEB OP SEPARATION IN PLANNING 3 EH El! SYSTEMS,
W69-02121 OK
POCUS ON RESEABCH, WATER POLLUTION BESEABCH AND THE
MUNICIPAL ENGINEER,
U69-02126 Oil
STORM WATER AND COHB1NED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02111 014
INTERCEPTING SEWERS AND STORB STANDBY TANKS AT COLUBBUS,
OHIO,
W69-02132 OH
DESIGN OF BAI» OVMPALLS IN DSAIBAGJ! NETWORKS AND SEWAGE
TBEATHENT PLANTS,
W69-021KK Oil
COMBINED SEWEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-021H7 OK
EFFECT OF STORM WATER ON THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
RECEIVING STREAMS,
W69-02153 OK
A BRIEF HISTORY OP POLLUTION PBOBLBBS AND POLLUTION CONTROL
IN THE CITY OF LONDON, ONT,
W69-02157 04
200 POLLUTERS GET THE KOSD EABLY-
W69-015U 08
A REVIEW OP THE LITERATURE OF 1966 ON WASTE WATER AND WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL.
W69-0151K 08
FIFTEENTH AND FINAL ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE BRISTOL AVON RIVES
BOABD AND THE SEVERS 8HF.H BOARD FOB THE YEAR ENDED 3 1ST
SAHC1I, 1965.
U69-01518 08
NORTHUMBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVES BOABD. ANNUAL BEPORTS FOR
THE YEARS ENDED THE J1ST MARCH, 1962 AND THE J1ST MARCH,
1961.
W69-01519 08
ANNUAL BEPOBTS OF THE SEVERN RIVER BOARD AND THE WYE RIVER
BOASD FOR THE Y6*» ENDED 313T BA8CH, 1963.
W69-01521 08
TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SUPPOBT FOB WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01526 08
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERAL AID PROGRAMS,
H69-015J9 08
15,729,103 AKASB POR WHTB8 POLLUTION fiESBASCH.
W69-01535 09
TO BESTOBE LAKE ERIE BEACHES.
W69-01536 09
FEDEBAL GRANT TO HELP RESTORE CLEVELAND BEACHES.
W69-01538 09
BOSIT01IINO SIOBB-WJTBB OVERFLOWS,
W69-0166K 01
WATER POLLUTION B AND D GRANTS.
W69-01717 0«
IBTEBCEPTOB SEWEBS,
W69-01728 OK
PLANNED CITI PLANS TO SB-USE STOHB BDNOFF.
K69-01759 06
THIBTBENTH ANNUAL BEPOBT, 1963-6K.
W69-01768 06
HOW TO ANALYZE COMBINED SEWAGE-STOBBWATEB COLLECTION
SYSTEMS,
W69-02159 OK
COMBINED VS SEPABATE SYSTEHS OF SEWERAGE,
W69-02163 OK
ABB PROTECTED STOBH WATER OUTLETS DANGE8OUS TO STREAKS,
K69-02189 06
SOIL AND NITER PROBLEMS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
POLLUTION OF STOBB RMOPF IN THB DRAINAGE SYSTEH OF LABGB
TOWNS,
W69-02209 07
POLLOTIO» OF cm sunrnct ma-art KATBB,
W69-02110 07
SEWJGB DISPOSAL IK THB REGION OF THE LOWER LAKE THUN,
•69-02213 07
TOBONTO COHFBONTS OUTDATED SEWEBS,
W69-01771
06
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
W69-02217
07
SEASONAL HSHTIOBS I» SOBVlfAl OF INBICiTOS BJCrEBIA IK
SOIL AND THEIB CONTBIBUTION TO STO«N-W»TER POLLUTION,
W69-0221B 07
STOBM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS - A SAJOB POLLUTION SOURCE,
N69-02221 07
UBBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOB IN STBEAM POLLUTION,
W69-0222J 07
CHARICTEBIZATION, TBBATBENT AND DISPOSAL OF UBBAN STOBM
WATEB,
V69-0222K 07
ACTIVITIES REPOBT, JULY 1, 196K - JUNE 30, 1965, BASIC AND
APPLIED SCIENCES BBANCH, DIVISION OF HATEB SUPPLY AND
POLLUTION CONTBOL.
W69-0179K 07
POLLUTIONAt. EFPBCTS OF STOBHWATBR AND OVERFLOWS FROB
COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS.
W69-01795 07
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTOR SEWERS FOB ST LOUIS,
W69-01798 07
FOCUS 0« POLLUTION REDUCTION IN SCOTLAND,
W69-01806 07
POLLUTION CONTIOL MEASURES FOB STORMWATERS ADD COMBINED
SEWEB OVERFLOWS,
W69-01810 07
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR STOBB WATERS AND COBBINED
SEWEB OVERFLOWS,
169-01811 07
DZTOaSIHG CALA8ITY IN HATES gESOBtCB DEVELOPMENT. A CASE IN
POINT SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN,
W69-01821 07
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEBENT PBOGBAM,
W69-01823 07
ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
METBOPOIITAN SEWEB DISTRICT,
W69-018J7 07
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
W69-018KS
07
PESTICIDES AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS IN BAINFALL AND
W69-0222S 07
EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION OK FLUVIAL SBDIBENT, U1BAN AND
SUBBUBB1J IHZtS Of .1J»ri.»ND,
W69-02227 07
CONTROL OF POLLUTION FBO« COMBINED SBWBB SYSTEMS,
H69-022J5 09
TBtATDBNT OF MUNICIPAL HASTE WATSB,
869-02237
WATER POLLUTION CONTBOL
CLEAN UP OF LAKE MICHIGAN.
09
HERBIB1CK BIVEI POLLUTION ABATEBENT STUDY,
W69-018K6 07
PROTECTING THE POTOMAC AT WASHINGTON,
W69-01861 09
CHICAGO HETIO SANITABI DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
W69-01863 09
THE ST JOSEPH, BISSOHBI WATEB POLLUTION CONTROL PBOGBAB,
W69~0186fi 09
TESTS OK A BODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
-------
SUBJECT INDEX
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STORM WATERS AND COMBINED SEHER
OVERFLOWS,
H69-02127 Oil
INTENSIVE SEWERAGE HILL CURB POLLUTION OF A BAY.
H 6 9-021 r>« 0«
W69-01860 09
WATER SUPPLY
SOURCES OF NITROGEN AMD PHOSPHORUS IN WATER SUPPLIES. TASK
GROUP REPORT.
W69-01U97 07
THE STOKM-HATER COMPROMISE,
H69-021')'j
WATERSHEDS
LABORATORY STUDY OP WATERSHED HYDROLOGY,
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OP SEW AGE-STORM WATER
MIXTURES,
• 69-022U 07
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OP HYDROLOQIC CYCLS,
H69-01586 11
A Sl'UDt OF LAKE IUCHIGAS CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, ASD
PHYSICAL,
W69-02219 07
TURKEY CREEK SEWAGE PUMPING STITIOS,
W69-022J2 09
ANALYSES AND APPLICATION OP SIMPLE HYDSOGBAPIIS,
W69-01913 11
WEIRS
STORM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USISG CRUDE SEHAGH,
W69-OIU«)U 07
WATEB QUALITY
THE QUALITY OP STORM UEATHEB PLOW,
H69-0119S 07
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS III SELATION TO HATES USE ADD
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
H69-OH96 07
ASCE'S UBBAB HATES STUBIBS.
U69-01556 10
ASCE RESEARCH PHOGRAfl IN URBAN HATER RESOURCES.
W69-01557 10
EFFECTS OP LAND USE ON HATER RESOURCES,
W69-0156H 10
ELIMINATION OP MARGINAL POLLUTION—JAMAICA BAY.
W69-01792 07
PROGRESS REPORT OP THE STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
W69-01659 01
METHODS AND EOUIPMBHT POR THE MEASUREKENT OP SEWAGE FLOW,
W69-01670 01
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION OP SIDE WEIRS AS STORM WATER
OVERFLOWS,
H69-01677 02
LABORATORY STUDIES OP STOBB OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY PLOH,
W69-01679 02
EFFECT OF STORAGE AND SKIMMING ON COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
1169-01882 09
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STORM DRAINAGE BESEAKCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JU»B JO. 1959,
H69-01902 10
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OP BACTERIAL HATBR QUALITY
STANDARDS,
W69-01812 07
RIVEK-WATER QUALITY CRITERIA IN RELATION TO HATEBHORKS
B6UUIBEMENTS,
H69-01825 07
DESIGN AND OPERATION OP LOU-HEAD SELP-PRIM1SG SIPHONS,
H69-0196i( 02
MODEL I»VESTIGATIO»S OF DIFPEREST TYPES OF STOBB-WATER
OVERFLOWS ADD THEIH EFFECT OK THE SEWAGE HORKS AND THE
RECEIVING STSEAM,
H69-02091 02
THE POLLUTION OP RUN-OFF PROM URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
W69-01831 07
EFFECT OF STORH OVERFLOWS ON RIVER QUALITY,
H69-01833 07
ANALYSIS OP DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTRIBUTION III EAST RIVEB,
W69-018U2 07
EVALUATION OF DISPERSED POLLUTIONAL LOADS,
W69-018I18 07
use or STOR« RUNOFF FOB ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE,
W69-01864 09
WATER REUSE
RECLAIMED WATER WILL HELP PILL LAKES.
W69-OI502 07
PLANNED CITY PLANS TO BE-IISE STORH RUNOFF.
H69-01759 06
SYSTEM STUDY, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL STORAGE,
TREATMENT AHD BEfDSE 0? STORM HATER.
STOBH-WATER CONTROL BY SIPHON SPILLWAYS AT EARLSHOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, HCIGATE,
H69-02095 02
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OF RAINWATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02100 02
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
169-02107 02
PROBLEM OF DESIGN OF INTERCEPTING DEVICES WITH OVERFLOW
HEIRS IK COMBINED SEWER SYSTEMS,
H69-02117 02
IHPROVEKlMfTS III S1STBBS 0? COSBIHED SKtiERAGE,
H69-02124 04
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM OF BALANCING RATE OF FLOW AND
STRENGTH OF SEWAGE,
H69-02129 04
W8LLINGTON(»
VARIATION OP aON-OFF COIFFICIE»T,
W69-02246 11
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
ABDEL-RAZAQ, A. J.
SOLUTION TO SURFACE RUNOFF PROBLEM,
W69-01572 11
ACKERS, P.
STORM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
S69-01U94 07
ATTENUATION OF FLOOD WAVES IN PART-FULL PIPES,
W69-01552 10
THE08ETICAL CONSIDERATION OF SIDE WEISS AS STORM WATER
OVERFLOWS,
W69-01677 02
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STOBfl SEWAGE OVERFLOWS INCORPORATING
STORAGE,
W69-01676 02
LABORATORY STUDIES OF STORM OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
869-01679 02
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEAD LOSSES AT SEWEB HANHOLES,
W69-01697 03
THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE CONDUITS,
V69-01698 03
TABLES FOR THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STORK-DRAINS, SEWERS, AND
PIPE-LINES,
W69-01699 03
ESTIMATING THE CAPACITY OF SEWEBS AND STORM DRAINS,
W69-01751 06
EFFECTS OF USE ON THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE
CONDUITS,
W69-01752 06
AITKEN, A. P.
APPLICATION OF STORAGE ROUTING METHODS TO URBAN HYDROLOGY,
W69-01553 10
AITKEN, I. fl. E.
AUTOMATIC CONTBOL OF PUMPING INSTALLATIONS,
W69-01680 02
AKEBLINDH, GUNNAR
THE QUALITY OF STOBR WEATHER FLOW,
W69-01U95 07
AKEBLINDH, G.
PERMISSIBLE WATER POLLUTION AT COMBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS,
W69-01681 02
ALLANSON, B. R.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RELATION TO WATER USE AND
PBOTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
W69-01196 07
AMBERGER, G.
RAIN DISCHARGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE,
W69-01700 03
ABERHAN, C. R.
THE USE OF UNIT-SOURCE WATERSHED DATA FOR RUN-OFF
PREDICTION,
W69-01551 10
AflOBOCHO, J.
AN EVALUATION OF THE INFLOW-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIPS IN
HYDBOLOGIC STUDIES,
W69-01555 10
ANDERSON, GEORGE C.
A LAKE'S RESPONSE TO ITS ENVIRONMENT,
W69-02217 07
ANDERSON, R. J.
UBBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STBEAH POLLUTION,
W69-02223 07
ANNEN, G. W.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RETARDING BASINS FOR THE DRAINAGE OF
MOTORWAYS,
W69-01532 09
ANTOINE, LOUIS H., JR.
DRAINAGE AND BEST USE OF UBBAN LAND,
W69-01559 10
AULD, D. V.
PROTECTING THE POTOMAC AT WASHINGTON,
W69-01861 09
BABCOCK, R. H.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVES,
W69-01660 01
BACKBEYER, DAVID P.
EFFECTS OF INFILTRATION,
W69-01736 05
BACON, VINTOH
CHICAGO BSD PROGRESS REPORT ON CHLORINATION,
W69-01862 09
BACON, V. W.
CHICAGO METRO SANITARY DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
W69-01S63 09
BAILEY, W. M.
INTERCEPTORS HAVE UNUSUAL DESIGN FEATUSES,
W69-01725 0»
BALL, G. L.
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED SEWERS,
W69-0177»
06
BARBER, J BYRON
MMiOHL FOB UBBAB PLANNING - CHAPTER V ISDUSTRIAL LAND
PLANNING,
W69-01770 06
BARRETT, R. N.
STORM HATER OVERFLOWS. THE USE OF SIPHONS AT IPSWICH,
W69-01692 02
BAUER, K. W.
DETERMINATION OF RUNOFF FOR URBAN STORM WATER DRAINAGE
SYSTEM DESIGN,
W69-01560 10
BAUER, W. J.
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPRESSED Cut.'- ,PENING INLETS,
W69-01702 03
ECONOMICS OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESi',1.
W69-01771 06
BAUTISTA, J.
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CHECK GUTTER CAPACITY,
W69-01789 06
BECKER, A.
O» STRUCTURE OF COAXIAL GRAPHICAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONS,
W69-01575 11
CONCEPTION OF A MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE LAWS OF RAIN
DISCHARGE RELATIONS ,
W69-0157& 11
BEILBY. J. R.
DRAIN THAT GREW AND GREW,
W69-02206 06
BELL, F. C.
SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN HAINFALL-RUNOFF ESTIMATION,
W69-01577 11
BELL, GRANT S.
RESIDENTIAL USE AND HISDSE OF SANITARY SEWERS,
B69-01737 05
BENJES, H. H.
STOBH-WHTEB OVERFLOWS FBOM COMBINED SEWERS,
W69-01726 Oil
BENTON, G. S.
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STORM WATEK INLETS,
»69-Onoit 03
BENZIE, W. J.
DISCHARGES FBOH SEPARATE STORM SEWERS AND COMBINED SEWERS,
W69-01796 07
BEREND, J. B.
USE OF STORM RUNOFF FOR ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE,
W69-0186H 09
BERTLE, F. A.
EFFECT OF SNOW COMPACTION ON RUNOFF FBOH RAIN OR SNOW,
W69-01578 11
BESTOR, GEORGE C.
MANUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER III RESIDENTIAL LAND
PLANNING,
W69-01772 06
BEITS, L. C.
THE DAY-TO-DAY POLLUTION PROBLEHS OF THE THAMES ESTUARY,
W69-01797 07
BIDWBLL, V. J.
TIME ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL ON URBAN CATCHMENT,
W69-01S61 10
BIRBECK, A. B.
STORM OVERFLOW PERFORMANCE STUDIES USING CRUDE SEWAGE,
W69-0149U 07
BIRD, J. W.
STORM SEWER TUNNEL IN ST. PAUL,
W69-01773
06
BLASZCZIX, VACLAV
PRINCIPLES FOR CALCULATING FLOWS IN SEPARATE AND COMBINED
SEWERS,
W69-01727 04
BLOSSOM, J. S.
DESIGN OF UNDERWATER STORM WATER OVERFLOW STORAGE SYSTEM.
W69-01693 02
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
BLOSS, ERWIS E.
DESIGN CRITERIA FOB INTERCEPTOR SEWEBS FOR ST LOUIS,
W69-01798 07
BLOSS, E. E.
INTERCEPTOB SEVERS,
W69-0172B 04
BOGGESS, D. H.
EXPERIMENTS IN WATEB SPREADING AT NEWARK, DELAWARE,
869-01865 09
BOLL, F. W.
RAINFALL BATES OF HEAVY BAINS IN BBEBEN,
W69-02269 11
BONNEY, 0.
INTERCEPTING SEVERS AND STORK STANDBY TANKS AT COLUMBUS,
OHIO,
W69-02132 0»
BOOTH, F. T.
TORONTO CONFRONTS OUTDATED SEWERS,
W69-01774
06
BOSE, P. C.
CALCUTTA. 2. A SASITABY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO A
BULTIPLICITY OF PROBLEBS,
•69-01562 10
BOUGUTON, W. C.
A BATHEMATICAL HODEL FOB RELATING RUN-OFF TO RAINFALL HITH
DAILY DATA,
U69-01579 11
BRAINE, C. D. C.
DBAW-DOWN AND OTHEB FACTORS RELATING TO DESIGN OF STOBB-
WATEB OVERFLOWS ON SEWERS.
W69-01695 02
DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LOW-HEAD SELF-PRIBING SIPHONS,
W69-01964 02
BBAKENSIEK, D. L.
A TECHNIQUE FOB ANALYSIS OF RUN-OFF HYDBOGR&PHS,
869-01580 11
BBANNAN, BOBEBT W.
DRAINAGE PROBLEBS IN AN AREA CHANGING FBOB BUBAL TO UBBAN,
W69-01523 08
EBATEB, E. F.
STEPS TOWARD A BETIEB UHDEBSTANDINfl OF UBBAN RUNOFF
PROCESSES,
W69-01563 10
BREITFUSS, T. K.
THE DESIGN OP STOBB SEWERS,
H69-02178 06
BREWER, A. J.
STORK OVERFLOW PEBPORMANCE STUDIES USING CBUDE SEWAGE,
W69-01494 07
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STOBH SEWAGE OVERFLOWS INCORPORATING
STORAGE,
W69-01678 02
LABORATORY STUDIES OF STORB OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOW,
W69-01679 02
BRICKELL, B. G.
THE BAUNGABAKI DEVELOPMENT,
K69-01775 06
8RINDLEY, ROBERT H.
TV SEWER IBSPECTION,
W69-01661
01
BRINKHURST, B. 0.
OBSERVATIONS O» THE RECOVB8Y OF A BRITISH BIVEB FROH GROSS
ORGANIC POLLUTION,
W69-01799 07
BROWN, B. L.
THE ST JOSEPH, niSSOURI WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PBOGBAK,
W69-01866 09
BRI1NTON, B. H.
DETECTION AND SEALING OF LEAKS IN SEWERS,
W69-01738 05
BUCKSTEEG, W.
THE DETERGENT CONTENT OF RIVER WATER AS A FUNCTION OF WATER
PLOW,
W69-01800 07
BUIL, J. A.
UNIT GRAPHS FOR NONUNIPOBB RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION,
W69-01581 11
BOLLARD, H. B.
EFFECTS OF LAND USE ON WATER RESOURCES,
W69-01564 10
BULUSU, K. R.
SURVEY OF NAJAFGABH 0BAIN DOWNSTBEAH OF INDUSTRIAL AREA,
W69-01729 04
BURH, R. J.
THE BACTERIOLOGICAL EFFECT OP COBBINED SEWER OVERFLOWS ON
THE DETBOIT RIVEB,
W69-01730 01
CHEBICAL AND PHYSICAL COBPARISON OF COHBINED AND SEPARATE
SEWEB DISCHABGES,
W69-01801 07
BACTERIOLOGICAL COKPABISON BETWEEN COHBINED AND SEPARATE
SEWER DISCHARGES,
W69-01802 07
BDSBY, H, W.
RELATION OF ANNUAL RUNOFF TO HETEOBOLOGICAL FACTOBS,
W69-01582 11
BUTTIAUI, B.
SELF-PUBIFICATION IN BUSSELS FROM THE BEDITEBRA NBAS-ITS
USEFULNESS -ITS ACCOBPLISHKENT-RESDLTS OBTAINED,
W69-01803 07
CABPBELL, B. W.
TV GOES UNDERGROUND AT FORT LAUDEBDALE,
W69-02075 01
CAMP, THOHAS R.
OVERFLOWS OF SAKITABI SEWAGE FROM COMBINED SEWEBAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02122 04
CABP, T. R.
CHLOBINATION OF MXIED SEWAGE AND STOBB WATEB,
W69-01867 09
THE PROBLEM OF SEPARATION 18 PLASHING SEWEB SYSTBBS,
W69-02121 04
CANNON. C. E.
LARGEST SEWBB PHOTO INSPECTION,
W69-01662
01
CABDEN, T. H.
BALANCING TANKS AND POUNDS IN THE SURFACE WATER DBAINAGE
SYSTEB OF HEHEL HEBPSTBAD.
W69-01868 09
CABHICHAEL, W. F.
OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT SWIBDOH, 1962 - 1967.
W69-01696 02
CABTEB, R. C.
IHPHOVEBENTS IN SYSTEHS OF 'COMBINED" SEWEBAGE,
W69-02123 OH
IKPBOVEBENTS IN SYSTERS OF COBBINED SEWEBAGE,
W69-02124 0«
CARTEB, B. W.
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN SUBURBAN AREAS,
W69-01663 01
CASTER, A. D.
BONITOBING STORM-WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-01664 01
C8AHIN, G.
STORH WATER FLOW SELECTION BETHOD ELIBINATES SILT PROBLEM,
W69-01801 07
CBAPHAN, T. G.
RAINFALL-BUN-OFF RELATIONS IN THE UPPEB GOULBDBN BIVEB
CATCHBENT, N.S.W.,
W69-01583 )1
CHAUDHUBI, N.
SOURCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NEHATODES IN SURFACE WATERS,
W69-01805 07
CHOW, V. T.
LABOSATOHY STUDY OF WATEBSBED HIDBOLOGY,
W69-01581 11
SEQUENTIAL GENERATION OF RAINFALL AND BUNOFF DATA,
W69-01585 11
CHBISTIANSON. A. G.
CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF URBAN STOBH
WATER,
W69-02224 07
CHUCK, B. T.
PERIHETEB DRAINAGE TO PROTECT URBAN LANDS,
W69-01565 10
CLARK, G. W.. JR.
PIPE JOINTS LIBIT INFILTRATION,
W69-01739
OS
CLARK, NORBAN A.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OF INDICATOR BACTERIA IN
SOIL AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO STORM-WATER POLLUTION,
W69-02218 07
CLEVELAND, J.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSED POLLOTIONAL LOADS,
W69-018l(8 07
COETZEE, 0. J.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN BELATION TO WATEB USE AND
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
W69-01496 07
THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL SEWAGE PURIFICATION WORKS,
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
STABILIZATION PONDS, AND SATURATION PONDS KITH RESPECT TO
THE SURVIVAL OP PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
H69-01876 09
COHEN, J. K.
PESTICIDES AND OTHER CONTAMINANTS IN BAINFALL ADD RUNOFF.
B69-02225 07
COHRS, A.
STORK-HATER TASKS IN THE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEM OP BERLIN,
H69-01869 09
CONDON, H. R.
THE ST JOSEPH, MISSOURI HATER POLLUTION CONTBOL PROSRAn,
B69-01866 09
CONGGUT, G.
DISPOSAL OP STORK HATER BY GROUND HATEB RECHARGE,
H69-01877 09
CORNELIUS. P. V.
EPOXT SOLVES HAZARDOUS SEWER LINING PROBLEM,
H69-01776 06
COURCHAINE, R. J.
DISCHARGES FROn SEPARATE STORK SEVERS AHD COHBINED SEVERS,
869-01796 07
COVIL1. R. B.
FOCUS ON POLLUTION REDUCTION IN SCOTLAND,
•69-01806 07
CRANE, F. B.
RETENTION BASIN ELIMINATES NEED FOR COSTLI STOBK SEVERS,
¥69-01777 06
CRAVEN, R. A. F.
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF PUKPING INSTALLATIONS,
H69-01680 02
CRAWFORD, N. H.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HIDROLOGIC CYCLE,
H69-01586 11
CBICKKORE, M. J.
EFFECTS OP USE ON THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OP DRAINAGE
CONDUITS,
•69-01752 06
CRUCHLEY, A. E.
NEW INSTBUKENT CAN MEASURE SEWAGE FLOW,
W69-01665 01
DAIBER, P. C.
EDTROPHICATION OF ESTUARINE AREAS BY RAIN HATER,
H69-018U9 07
DAILY, EUGENE J.
STORK HATER DETENTION IN URBAN ABEAS,
H69-01778 06
DALTON, r. f.
CHICAGO HETRO SANITARY DISTRICT MAKES NO LITTLE PLANS,
869-01863 09
DAVIDSON. R. N.
FIELD STUDIES ON THE FLOH AND COMPOSITION OF STORM SEHAGE,
H69-01807 07
STOBK-HATER INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
U69-01816 07
STORM FLOHS FBOK COMBINED SEBEHAGE SYSTEMS IN THBEP. AREAS,
H69-02093 02
DAVIBS, E. J.
DESIGN STORM HYETOGRAPHS FROH STUDIES OF RAINFALL IB THE
WESTERN ABEA OF SIEBRA LEONE,
U69-01779 06
DAVSON, E. E.
DISCHARGE FROM HEAVY RAINFALL.
W69-01587 11
DEFBAITCS, ABTHUR A.
THE INFILTRATION PROBLEK IN SEHAGE COLLECTION SYSTESS,
H69-017HO 05
DELOS, J. S.
BACTERIAL SURVEY OP STREAKS AND BATHING BEACHES AT
CLEVELAND,
H69-01808 07
DENNER, J.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE UNIFORMITY OF RELATION BETHEEN
GROUND HATER AND RAINFALL OVER PROLONGED PERIODS AND THE
POSSIBILITY OF PBEDICTING GROUND HATER LEVELS HITH SPECIAL
CONSIDERATION OF DRI PERIODS,
H69-01588 11
DEUSBERBY, R.
HEST BRIDGFORD'S 1897 SEHAGE HOBKS HILL BE MODERNIZED BY
196U,
H69-01870 09
DIRAKSYAN, A. K.
RESULTS OF RADAR MEASUREMENTS OP LIQUID PRECIPITATION,
H69-01666 01
DIMCHEV, T.
ESTIMATION OF THE FLOOD FLOB AND DISCHARGE COEFFICIENT IN
SEHEBAGE SYSTEMS,
H69-02125 OH
DISKIN, M. H.
TEMPORARY FLOH MEASUREMENT IN SEWERS AND DRAINS,
H69-01667 01
DOBBIE, C. H.
STORK SEWAGE SEPARATION BY HELICAL MOTION,
U69-02090 02
DOHNING, A. L.
FOCUS ON RESEARCH. HATEB POLLUTION RESEARCH AND THE
KUNICIPAL ENGINEER,
H69-02126 04
DRESSCHER, T. G. N.
DESCRIPTION OF A COMMUNITY OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IN PURIFIED
SEWAGE MIXED WITH RAIN HATER FROM STORM SEWERS,
H69-01809 07
DUNBAR, D. D.
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR STORMHATERS AND COMBINED
SEHEB OVEBFLOHS,
H69-01810 07
POLLUTION CONTBOL MEASURES FOB STORM HATERS AND COMBINED
SEHER OVEBFLOHS,
H69-01811 07
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STORM HATERS AND COHBINED SEHER
OVEBFLOHS,
H69-02127 0«
DUTTHEILER, D. H.
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL HATER QUALITY
STANDARDS,
H69-01812 07
EAGLESON, PETER S.
UNIT HYDROGRAPH CHARACTERISTICS FOB SEHERED ABEAS,
H69-01566 10
COMPUTATION OF OPTIMUM REALIZABLE UNIT HYDBOGRAPHS.
H69-01567 10
EAGLESON, P. S.
SCALE MODEL OP URBAN BDNOFF FROM STORM RAINFALL,
H69-01570 10
EARL, G. G.
RAINFALL AT NEH ORLEANS AND ITS REMOVAL,
H69-01568 10
EDEN, G. E.
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC FILTER MEDIUM,
B69-01871 09
ELIASSEN, R.
COLIFORM AFTERGROWTHS IN CHLORINATED STORM OVERFLOWS,
H69-01813 07
ELLIS, BARREN
A FIELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND RECORDING FLOB IN SEBERS,
B69-01668 01
ENGF.LBBECHT, fl. S.
SOURCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NEMATODES IN SURFACE BATERS,
B69-01805 07
EPSHTIEN, 1. T.
DETERMINATION OF VARIABLE MAZIMAL INTENSITY COEFFICIENTS FOR
STOHK-SEBER CALCULATIONS,
H69-01780 06
ERFMANN, B.
MODEL INVESTIGATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OP STORM-BATER
OVEBFLOBS AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE SEBAGE BOBKS AND THE
RECEIVING STREAM,
B69-02091 02
ERNEST, L. A.
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC BASTEHATER CONTROL IN THE MILWAUKEE
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT,
H69-02183 06
ESCRITT, L. B.
ECONOBIC SURFACE-HATER SEHEHAGE A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
PRACTICE,
H69-01569 10
LIMITING FACTORS IN RAINFALL RUN-OFF.
H69-01589 11
RAINFALLS OF SHORT DURATION AND HIGH INTENSITY AN
ALTEBNATIVE TO BILHAM'S FORMULA,
H69-01590 11
SEBAGE SAMPLING,
H69-01669 01
DESIGN OF SURFACE-HATER SEHERS.
B69-01781 06
THE USE OF LAKES IN CONNECTION WITH SEHAGE DISPOSAL,
B69-01814 07
SEWAGE TREATMENT. VII. SEPARATION AND TREATMENT OP STORM
WATER,
-------
ESC-HAR
W69-01872 09
SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESSES. IV. STORM TANKS,
W69-01873 09
TROUBLE-FREE COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
U69-02128 OK
THE ENGINEERING PROBLEM OP BALANCING RATE OF FLOW AND
STRENGTH OF SEWAGE,
•69-02129 01
EVANS. J. G.
SURFACE WATER DRAINAGE CALCULATION BY DIGITAL COHPUTER,
W69-01782 06
FAIR, G. H.
WATER AND WASTE-KATE!) ENGINEERING. I. WATER SUPPLY AND
WASTE-WATER REMOVAL,
W69-01591 11
FATHnANN, H.
METHODS AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SEWAGE FLOW,
W69-01670 01
FERGUSON, G. E.
SEDIMENT IN SHALL RESERVOIRS DUE TO URBANIZATION,
W69-01820 07
FERRAND, R.
SBLF-PUSIFICATION IN HUSSEtS FROH THE MBDITERBANEAH-ITS
USEFULNESS -ITS ACCOMPLISHMENT-RESULTS OBTAINED,
W69-01803 07
FINCH, JOHN
SEWAGE TREATHENT AT SLOUGH,
W69-0187U 09
FISCHER, H.
CALCULATION OF STORK-SEWAGE TANKS,
W69-017B3 06
FLADUNG, J. F.
EXPILTHATION TESTING OF LARGE SEWERS IN KANSAS CITY, HO.,
W69-017U1 05
FLANDERS, A. F.
REPORT OF U. S. WEATHER BUBEAU STUDIES IN RADAR HYDROLOGY,
W69-01671 01
FOURIE, N.
THE EFFICIENCY OF CONVENTIONAL SEWAGE PURIFICATION WORKS,
STABILIZATION PONDS, AND HATURATIOB PONDS WITH RESPECT TO
THE SURVIVAL OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA AND INDICATOR ORGANISMS,
W69-01B76 09
FBASER, J. H.
COMPLETION OF FURTHER STAGE IN GRANGEnOOTH DRAINAGE SCHEME,
W69-01875 09
FREDERICK, M. 8.
THE PERFORMANCE OF STILLING PONDS IN HANDLING SOLIDS,
W69-02092 02
FUNNELL, P. C.
TV GOES UNDERGROUND AT FORT LADDERDALE,
W69-02075 01
GAIN, t. W.
NATURE AND SCOPE OF SURFACE DRAINAGE IN EASTERN UNITED
STATES AND CANADA,
W69-0152U 08
GAHESON, A. L. H.
FIELD STUDIES ON THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF STORM SEWAGE,
W69-01807 07
STORM-WATER INVESTIGATIONS AT NORTHAMPTON,
W69-01816 07
STOBH FLOWS FROM COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS IN THREE AREAS,
W69-02093 02
GABBER. N. J.
DESIGN STORM HJETOGRAPHS FROH STUDIES OF RAINFALL III THE
WESTERN AREA OF SIERRA LEONE,
W69-01779 06
GARNER, J. H.
USE OF STORM HATER OVERFLOWS ON SEVERS THEIR DESIRABILITY,
AND RISKS OF POLLUTION.
W69-0209H 02
GARSIDE, D. H.
MAIN DRAINAGE FOR SKELMERSDALE NEW TOWN,
V69-0178H 06
GATEHOUSE, H. C.
RIVED POLLUTION BY STORM OVERFLOWS. AN ATTEMPT AT
RATIONALIZATION,
W69-01815 07
GATES, E.
AKRON MONITOBS COMBINED SEVER OVERFLOWS,
H69-02130 0«
GAUL, R.
THE FLOW IN A STREAM AS A MEASURE OF TRI DEGREE OF DILUTION
OF STORK-WATER DISCHARGES.
W69-01817 07
AUTHOR INDEX
GELDREICH. EDWIN E.
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SURVIVAL OF INDICATOR BACTERIA IN
SOIL ASD THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO STORM-WATER POLLUTION,
W69-02218 07
GEYER, J. C.
WATER AND WASTE-WATER ENGINEERING. I. WATER SUPPLY AND
WASTE-HATER REMOVAL,
W69-01591 11
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STORM WATER INLETS,
W69-0170U 03
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM
DESIGN,
W69-01742 05
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF RATIONAL METHOD,
W69-02259 11
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INLET HYDROGRAPH,
W69-02275 11
GIFFT, H. M.
HOW TO ESTIMATE STORM WATER (JOANTITIES,
W69-01785 06
GLOVER, J. B.
MAIN DRAINAGE OF LEYTOH,
W69-01786 06
GODBEHERE, J.
ELIMINATING INFILTRATION OF GROUND WATER INTO SEWERS,
W69-01743 05
GOETSCH, HERBERT A.
MANUAL ON URBAN PLANNING - CHAPTER VI COMMUNITY FACILITIES
PLANNING,
V69-01787 06
GRACE, R. A.
SCALE MODEL OF URBAN HUNOPP FROM STORM RAINFALL,
W69-01570 10
GRAHAM, T. R.
POLLUTION PREVENTION IN NORTHERN IRELAND,
W69-01818 07
GRASNICK, H. J.
DETERMINATION OF THE MELT-WATER FLOW FROM THE WATER
RESOURCES OF THE SNOW COVER,
W69-01592 11
GRBELEY. S. A.
STORM WATER AND COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02131 01
GREGORY, J. U.
INTERCEPTING SEWERS AND STORM STANDBY TANKS AT COLUMBUS.
OHIO,
W69-02132 OH
GREYERZ, WALO VON
COMBINED SYSTEM OF SEWERAGE WITH LIBITED RAW WATER INLET,
W69-02133 04
GRIFFITHS, H. F.
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPBON OVERFLOU,
W69-02097 02
GROHLEB, J. F.
CONSIDERATION OF STOEAGE CAPACITY IN STOBB-WATER SEVERS,
W69-01788 06
GtJNTZEL, H.
THE RETENTION OF POLLUTING MATTER FROM STORM OVERFLOWS,
V69-01819 07
GUY, H. P.
SEDIMENT IN SMALL RESERVOIBS DOE TO URBANIZATION,
W69-01820 07
HALMOS, E. E.
AUTOMATED PUMPING STATIONS FOR OOR NATION'S CAPITAL,
W69-01878 09
HAMILTON, C. L.
COMPUTING RUNOFF FROH SMALL WATERSHEDS,
W69-01593 11
HAHLIN, G. B.
ON-THE-SPOT TESTS CBECK COTTER CAPACITY,
W69-01789 06
HANEY, B. J.
SEWER DESIGN-INFILTRATION DETECTION AID CORRECTION,
H69-01744 OS
H1NEY, P. D.
STORM-WATER OVBBFLOUS PROM COMBINED SEVEBS,
V69-01726 0»
BABLESTON, A. E.
DESIGN STOBH RYETOGBAPBS FROH STUDIES OF RAINFALL III THE
WESTERN AREA OF SIEBBA LEONE,
W69-01779 06
BARLOW, G. L.
CHEMICAL AID PHYSICAL COMPARIS06 OF COMBINED AND SEPARATE
SEVER DISCHARGES,
W69-01B01 07
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
HARBISON, ». J. H.
ATTENUATION OF FLOOD WAVES IN PABT-FOLL PIPES,
B69-01552 10
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOWS INCORPORATING
STORAGE,
B69-01678 02
LABORATORY STUDIES OF STORH OVERFLOWS WITH UNSTEADY FLOB,
869-01679 02
HARRIS, E. E.
EFFECT OF OHBAH GROWTH ON STBEAMFLOB REGIMEN OF PERflANENTE
CREEK, SAHTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIF,
U69-01S71 10
HARBOOD, J. II.
STOR«-«ATER CONTROL 81 SIPHON SPILLWAYS IT ElBLSJOOD SEWAGE
WORKS, REIGATE,
S69-02095 02
HASEGABA, G. 1C.
A FLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEM FOB THE METROPOLITAN ST.
LOO IS SEVER DISTRICT,
• 69-02158 Oil
HAVLICK, S. 1.
DETOURING CALAMITY IN BATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT. A CASE IN
POINT SOUTHEASTERN BISCONSIN,
B69-01821 07
HBALY, G. D., JR.
FLOB MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES,
869-01672
01
HEANET, FRANK L.
DESIGN. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SEBER OUTFALLS IN
ESTOAHINE AND TIDAL BATERS,
B69-01703 03
HENDRICKSON, J. G.
THE DESIGN 07 STOBH SEHEBS,
B69-02178 06
HENNIGAN, R. D.
NEB YOBK STATE HUNICIPAL HATER ABD SEWAGE,
B69-01525 08
HENRI, J. G. F.
POLLUTION CONTROL KEASURES FOR STORMBATERS AND COMBINED
SEWER OVERFLOBS.
B69-01810 07
POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES FOR STORH BATERS AND COMBINED
SEBER OVERFLOBS,
869-01811 07
POLLUTION CONTROL FOR STORM BATEBS AND COMBINED SEBER
OVERFLOWS,
B69-02127 0«
HENZEN, H. R.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN RELATION TO BATES USE AND
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
B69-01196 07
HERNANDEZ, J. B.
SOLUTION TO SURFACE RUIOFF PROBLEM,
869-01572
11
HESS, S. 0.
RATIONAL DETERMINATION OF STORM OVEBFLOWS F10M INTERCEPTING
SEBERS,
869-02134 04
HEBISH, J. R. F.
BESTON-SUPER-MARE'S NEB DRAINAGE SCHEME,
869-01879 09
HICKS, B. I.
A METHOD OF COMPUTING URBAN RUNOFF,
869-01884 10
HIRN, B. C.
PROVIDING PRIMARY TREATMENT FOR STORM SEWAGE OVERFLOBS,
B69-01880 09
HIBSCH, A. A.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TYPE REPRESENTATION Of HYOBOLOGICAL DATA,
869-01912 11
ROAK, R. D.
SOURCES AND CONTROL OF RIVER POLLUTION,
869-01822 07
HOFFMAN, H.
STORH HATER OVERFLOB IN EXISTING COMBINED SEBERS,
869-02135 01
HOLMES, D. B.
EFFECTS OF USE ON THE HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE OF DRAINAGE
COBDOITS,
869-01752 06
HOLTA8, H. I.
ANALYSES ABO APPLICATION OF SIMPLE HYDROSRAPHS,
869-01913 11
HOPE, J. H. A.
DESIGN AND OPERATING EXPERIENCES AT THE NIB VORSLEY D D C
SEWAGE BORKS,
869-01881 09
HOPKINS, S. J.
KANSAS CITY'S POLLUTION ABATEMENT PBOGRAM,
869-01823 07
HORLER, A.
PROBLEMS IN THE PLANNING OF SEBAGE BORKS,
869-01821 07
HORNEB, B. B.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERCEPTION OF SEVAGE-STORM BATER
MIXTURES,
869-02212 07
HOOGHTON, G. 1.
RIVER-BATER DUALITY CRITERIA IN RELATION TO BATE8BORKS
REQUIREMENTS,
869-01825 07
H08ELLS, DAVID H.
TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR BATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
B69-01S26 08
HOYT, L. ARTHUR
RAINSTORMS BADE TO ORDER,
869-01914
11
HDBBELL, GEORGE E.
EFFECT OF STORAGE AND SKIMMING ON COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOBS,
869-01882 09
RUFF, F. A.
ADJUSTMENT OF RADAR ESTIMATES OF STORM MEAN RAINFALL 8ITH
RAIN GAGE DATA,
869-01673 01
STUDIES OF SEVERE RAINSTORMS IN ILLINOIS,
869-01896 10
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY STORM RAINFALLS IN ILLINOIS,
869-01915 11
TIME DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL IN HEAVY STORMS,
B69-01916 11
HUHNER8ERG, K.
BATES SUPPLIES AND SEVIAGE DISPOSAL III BERLIN,
869-02136 01
HUNZIKBR, L. T.
AQUIFER RECHARGING,
869-01826
07
HUTTON, K.
TESTING AND CALIBRATION OF STORM OVERFLOB CONTROL PIPES,
869-02096 02
IMBOFF, K. R.
OIL-SEPARATOR TABKS FOR HOTORBAYS IN THE RUHR VALLIY,
869-01827 07
INGRltl, B. T.
PATHS OF POLLUTION II NEW YORK HARBOR-MODEL STUDY,
869-01828 07
JACKSON. D. R.
DISSIPATIVE RIVER FLOB MODEL,
B69-01917 11
JARRETT, P. M.
TESTS ON A MODEL STILLING POND BITH SIPHON OVERFLOB,
869-02097 02
JEBNE, J.
CRITICAL OBSERVATION ON THE HYDRAULIC DIMENSIONING OF
STATIONARY RAIN OVERFLOBS,
B69-02098 02
JEQFF10Y, S.
CALCULATION OF DISCHARGE OP RAIN DITCHES AND RAINFALL
COLLECTING SYSTEMS,
869-01918 11
JOHNSON, C. FRANK
NATION'S CAPITAL ENLARGES ITS SE8ERAGE SYSTEM,
869-01829 07
EQUIPMENT, METHODS AND RESULTS FROM WASHINGTON, D C.
COMBINED SEBER OVEBFLOB STUDIES,
969-02137 04
JOHNSTON, C. THOBBE
A FIELD METHOD OF MEASURING AND RECORDING FLOB IN SEBERS,
869-01668 01
869-01674 01
JONES, D. EARLE
URBAN HYDROLOGY - REDIRECTION,
B69-01889 10
JUDSON, C. C.
RAINFALL AS AFFECTING FLOB IN SEBEBAGE SYSTEMS,
869-01919 11
KADNER, 8.
RETAHDATIOH OF DISCHARGE III PUBLIC WATERS VXTRI1I THE AREA OF
A COMMUNITY,
869-01920 11
41
-------
10THOB INDEX
CONTRIBUTION TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE DIMENSIONS Or BAIN
STORAGE TANKS,
W69-01921 11
KAHANA. Y.
USE OF STOBH RUNOFF FOB ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE,
W69-0186K 09
KAISER, C. B.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
METROPOLITAN SEWER DISTRICT,
W69-01837 07
KALLWASS. G. J.
A CONTRIBUTION TO HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS OS LATERALLY-
BAFFLED STORM-SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-02099 02
THROTTLE MEASURING DEVICE OF BAINWATEH OVERFLOWS,
W69-02100 02
HYDRAULIC ASSUMPTIONS IH CALCULATING STOBB-WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02119 02
KALTENBACH, ALBEBT B.
STORH SEWER DESIGN BY THE IDLE! METHOD,
W69-02179 06
KEIPEB, CLINT J.
THE HYDROLOGY OP URBAN RUNOFF,
W69-01897 10
KEIFER, C. J.
UNDERFLOW SEVERS FOB CHICAGO,
W69-02151 OH
KIEFER, W.
SLUDGE DEPOSITS III STBEAHS FBOH STORK WATER OUTLETS,
W69-01830 07
KIENITZ, G.
HYDBOLOGICAL AND EFFICIENCY INVESTIGATION METHOD IN
CONNECTION WITH ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT RATE OF SURFACE
DRAINAGE,
W69-01922 11
KINCAID, D. R.
REGRESSION MODELS FOB PREDICTING OR-SITE RUN-OFF FBOH SHORT
DURATION CONVECTIVE STORMS,
H69-02260 11
KING, H. V.
STOBK RUN-OFF FBOH UBBAN AREAS,
W69-01886
10
KIRKBRIDE, T. W.
STORK-WATER OVERFLOWS THE OPERATION AND DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND,
W69-02113 02
KISSER, P.
ADVANTAGES AND PROBLEHS OF COBBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
W69-02138 04
KLAR, DANIEL W.
BUILT TO BE SEEN,
W69-01675 01
KLASBNAN, LESTEB
HOW COIIBINED SEWERS AFFECT WATER POLLUTION. PT 1,
W69-01850 07
KLASHKAN, LESTER H.
HOW COIIBINED SEWERS AFFECT WATER POLLUTION. PT 2,
W69-01851 07
KLASHKAN, L. X. ^
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEWERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01852 07
KNAPP, J. W.
ECONOHIC STDDY OF URBAN AND HIGHWAY DRAINAGE SYSTEBS.
W69-01887 10
MEASURING BAINFALL AND RUN-OFF AT ATORB-BATEB INLETS,
W69-01923 11
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF RATIONAL METHOD,
W69-02259 11
KOOT, A. C.
DESIGNING OF SE1EBAGE SYSTEBS,
1169-01883
09
KOOT, A. C. J.
THE STOBAGE AND DISCHARGE CAPACITIES OF SEWERAGE AND THE
OPERATING FREQUENCY OF STORK OVERFLOWS DUTCH HETHOD OF
CALCULATION,
W69-02101 02
KOBOTKOVSKII, G. E.
USE OF 3B DIAB REINFORCED CONCRETE STORK SEWERS FOB WESTERN
SIBERIAN HETALLDRGICAL PLANT, SOVIET UNION,
W69-02180 06
KRAGT, G.
THE STORK-HATER COHPROHISE,
W69-02155 0»
KRAUEL, A.
U2
OIL RETENTION IN STORM-SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS AND STORM-
SEWAGE TANKS,
W69-02181 06
KRAWCZYK, D. P.
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL COMPARISON OF COMBINED AND SEPARATE
SENER DISCHARGES,
W69-01801 07
KDLANDAISBABY, V. C.
LINEAR ANALYSIS OF RAINFALL-RUNOFF RELATIONSHIP,
W69-01924 11
A BASIC STUDY OP TUE RAINFALL EXCESS-SURFACE RUN-OFF
RELATIONSHIP IN A BASIN SYSTEM,
169-01925 n
KUNTZE, E.
SEPARATE SYSTEMS-COMBINED SYSTEMS,
W69-02139 01
KUBZWEIL. H. E.
THE POLLUTION OF RUN-OFF FBOH URBAN HOUSING ESTATES,
W69-01831 07
LAMBEBT, ALLAN 0.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO INFILTRATION AND INTERCEPTION SATES
DURING STORM RAINFALLS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FLOOD
PREDICTION,
W69-022«2 11
LANGDON, P. E.
STOBH WATEJI AND COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
B69-02131 0«
LANG, J.
SOHE PROBLEMS IN THE HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF SMALLER TREATMENT
WORKS,
W69-02228 09
LANG, B.
CHEBICAL CONTROL OF WATER QUALITY IN A TIDAL BASIN,
W69-01832 07
LAPAR, R. E.
LEAVES WON'T CLOG THIS CATCH BASIN.
W69-02182 06
LARHON, A.
'SMOKING OUT' ILLEGAL HOUSE DRAINS,
W69-017I15 05
LAURENSON, E. H.
STORAGE ROUTING HETHODS OF FLOOD ESTIHATION,
W69-022H3 11
A CATCHHENT STORAGE MODEL FOB RUN-OFF ROUTING.
W69-02244 11
LEARY, R. D.
INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC WA5TEWATER CONTROL IN THE MILWAUKEE
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT.
W69-02183 06
NO STOBR-WATEB BYPASS,
W69-02229 09
LEE, CUES BAN A.
BOW TO SIZE CONDUITS FOB STORM SEWERS,
169-02184 06
LENCASTBE, A.
FLUSHING OF SEWER NETWORKS AUTOMATIC DISCHARGE DEVICE,
W69-01676 01
LENTZ, J. J.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEMS OP SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM
DESIGN,
W69-017U2 05
LESTER, W. F.
INTERPRETING THE 1951 RIVERS POLLUTION PREVENTION ACT,
W69-01527 08
EFFECT OF STORH OVERFLOWS ON RIVER QUALITY,
W69-01833 07
LEYRER, H. L.
PIPE JOINTS LIMIT INFILTRATION,
W69-01739 05
LINDSTROB, E.
A NEW WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEB,
W69-02185 06
LINSLEY, R. K.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF HYDROLOGIC CYCLE,
W69-01586 It
LISCHER, V. C.
A FLOODED-TUNNEL INTERCEPTOR SYSTEB FOR THE METROPOLITAN ST.
LODIS SEWER DISTRICT,
W69-02158 0«
LI, W. H.
HYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF STORM WATER INLETS,
W69-01701 03
LOHFF, H.
THE DESIGN AND EFFICIENCY OF STORH WATER OVERFLOWS IN
COMBINED SEWERAGE SYS--—
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
LOSSE, W.
PROBLEBS IS THE CALCULATION OP STORR WATER OVERFLOWS.
W69-01834 07
LOVETT, B.
SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT,
•69-01888 10
LUDWIG, R. G.
CALCUTTA. 2. A SANITARY ENGINEERING APPROACH TO t
BULTIPLICITY OF PBOBLEBS,
•69-01562 10
LUGT, R.
THE TRUNK SEHEB SYSTEM AND THE SEHAGE-TBEATHENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF UTRECHT. HISTORY AND TECHNICAL LAY-OUT,
869-02140 OH
LURB, C.
THE STORB-SEWAGE POLLUTION PROBLEB,
W69-01835
07
LOBLEY, H. J.
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING III A NEW TOWN — PROGRESS AND
PROBLEMS,
•69-02230 09
BACDONALD, F. H.
INFILTRATION AKD SEVIER FOUNDATIONS,
•69-01746 05
•69-01747 05
DETEBRIHATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFICIENTS,
1169-01889 10
BACKINTOSH, I. B.
SOOTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER PROJECT,
W69-02076 01
HANGANARO, CHABLES A.
ONE WAY TO BYPASS A LARGE SEWER,
W69-02105
02
BANNING, F. G.
RATIONAL DETERHINATION OF STORfl OVERFLOWS FBOB INTERCEPTING
SEWERS,
869-02131* OS
BANN, H. T.
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC PILTEB BEDIOH.
W69-01871 09
RABCH, FREDERIC
COMPUTATION OF OPTIBUH REALIZABLE UHIT HYDBOGBAPHS,
•69-01567 10
RARKLAND, E.
TESTS ON A BODEL STILLING POND WITH SIPHON OVERFLOW,
W69-02097 02
HABTIN, T. V.
DWF OF 282,000 GPD FOR BBENTWOOD SEWAGE VOBKS,
•69-02231 09
BATTEI, P. F.
ADHINISTBATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
HETROPOLITAN SEWER DISTRICT,
•69-01837 07
BAUSON, K. J.
VARIATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFICIEUT,
W69-02246
11
RAYER, JOHN K.
INFILTRATION AND SEWER FOUNDATIONS,
•69-017H7 05
BAYER, J. K.
INFILTRATION AND SEWER FOUNDATIONS,
B69-01746
05
HCCALLIS1EB, J. P.
ROLE OF DIGITAL COBPOTERS IN HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING AND
ANALYSES,
•69-022H5 11
HCCALLUK, GOBDON E.
STORR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01836 07
RCCAULEY, B. F.
DEPOSITION IN A SAHITABY SEUEB,
W69-02170 05
BCJUNKIN, F. E.
ELBOW BETEB BEASUBES FLOW,
W69-02087 01
nCKEE, 3. I.
LOSS OF SANITARY SEWAGE THROUGH STORR WATER OVERFLOWS,
W69-02103 02
•69-02104 02
nCKINNEY, C. S.
TV GOES OIDEBGBOUID AT FOBT LADOCRDALE,
W69-02075 01
BCBAHON, L. E.
SOLUTION FOB STOBH SENEB SYSTER PBOBLEH,
•69-02186 06
ncpHEBsos, n. B.
PROGRESS BEPOBT-ASCE CORBINKD SEWER SEPARATION PBOJECT,
•69-02141 OH
ASCE COBBINED SEWER SEPARATION PBOJECT PROGRESS,
•69-02142 04
nCBAE, K. K.
STOBB SEWES TUNNELING IN SANDSTONE,
•69-02187 06
BEADE, P. J.
BAINPALL AND EVAPOBATION DISTRIBUTION IN SPACE AND TIRE,
•69-02247 11
REEK, B. L.
DIVERSION FACTORS FOR COBBINED SEVERS BASED ON SEWAGE AND
STFEAB ANALYSES,
•69-02160 04
HERN, A.
DZTERHIHATION OF RUN-OFF COEFFICIENTS,
869-01889 10
HEJIA-B, RICARDO
COBPUTATION OF OPTIHUR REALIZABLE UNIT HYDROGBAPHS.
869-01567 10
HEBCEB, «. H. G.
BECONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLOWS,
869-02106 OJ
HETZ, JABES
BEBOTE CONTBOL GBODTING OP SEVER LINE LEAKS,
869-01748 05
BICK, K. L.
THE BINNEAPOLIS-SAINT PAUL SANITABY DISTRICT - OPEBATION AND
EXPANSION,
•69-01838 07
HIDGLEY, D. C.
STOBB STUDIES IN SOUTH AFRICA-SHALL-AREA HIGH-INTENSITY
BAINFALL,
• 69-02274 11
BILES, J. S.
WEST UABTLEPOOL SEtEBAGE SCBBBE 8ILL CLEAN BEACHES,
•69-02143 01
BITBALLY, H.
PATHS OF POLLUTION II NEW YORK HABBOH-flODBL STUDY,
869-01828 07
BOO P.SHE AD, G. 3.
OVERFLOWS FBOH COHBIIED SE8EBS IN WASHINGTON, D C,
•69-01839 07
RUELLEB-NEUHAUS, G.
DETERMINATION OF THE DISCHARGE OF BAIN WATER.
•69-01890 10
DESIGN OF BAIN OVEBFALLS IN DRAINAGE NETWORKS AND SE8AGE
TBEATHERT PLANTS,
•69-02144 04
ROELLZH, H. H.
SEWAGE LOAD OF DECEIVING STBEARS FBOH RUED SEWEBS,
•69-01840 07
RDNZ, V.
EFFECT OF VABIOUS STOBR-VATER PROTECTIVE REASUBES ON THE
SEWAGE SYSTEH,
•69-02145 04
BOBPHY, 8. D.
STORH SEWER TUNNEL 'THREADS NEEDLE' BETHEER HIGHWAY BENTS,
•69-02077 01
RUSTONEN, S. E.
EFFECTS OF CLIRATOLOGIC AND BASIN CHARACTERISTICS OK AIISOAJ.
BUI-OFF,
•69-02248 11
NASK, J. I.
THE BOLE OF PABAHKTBIC HYDBOLOG1,
•69-02249 11
NEALE, L. C.
FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OP ?VC SEVER PIPE,
•69-01705 03
NEGULESCU, H.
DISCHARGB OF BAIN WATER FBOR UBBAN SEWERS INTO STBEABS,
869-01841 07
NELSON, HYBON K.
A STUDY OF STORBWATEB IDFILTBATIOI INTO SARITABY SEVEBS,
•69-02177 05
NELSON, H. K.
DIVERSION AND TBEATRENT OF EXTBANEOUS FLOWS IN SANITABY
SEVERS,
•69-02176 05
NETTLES, I. 8.
LABOBATOBY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL ISFILTRATIO* THROUGH PIPE
-------
AUTHOR IIDEX
JOISTS,
H69-017H9 05
NODE, 8.
SEAL SEVER LEAKS PROS INSIDE,
W69-01750 05
NUSBAUH, 8. E.
TURKEY CHEEK SEWAGE PUMPING STATION,
V69-02232 09
NUSSBAUHEB, NEBBLL L.
COBBECTING STORH-BATEB INFILTBATION, TONABANDA, NEB YOBK,
869-02165 OS
OAKLET, H. B.
SOat APPLICATIONS OF BESEABCH 11 THE DESIGN OP SEVEBAGE AMD
SP.8AGE-TBEATHEBT BOBKS,
•69-02233 09
OAKLEY, P. B.
PRACTICAL DESIGN Or STOBH SEVAGE OVEBFLOVS,
869-02107 02
OKOI, D. A.
WATER AND 8ASTE-8ATBB ENGINEEBINS. I. BATER SUPPLY ADD
SASTE-8ATER REMOVAL.
B69-01591 11
OLIVEB, E. G. «.
STDDI OP B B L HYDROGBAPH METHOD OP DESIGNING SEVER SYSTEMS,
N69-022SO 11
ORLOB, G. T.
AN EVALUATION OP THE INPLOW-BUNOPF RELATIONSHIPS IN
HYDBOLOGIC STUDIES,
869-01555 10
OVEBTON, D. E.
ANALYSES AND APPLICATION OF SIMPLE HYDBOGBAPHS,
869-01913 11
O'CONNOB, D. J.
ANALYSIS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DISTRIBUTION IN EAST RIVEB,
869-01842 07
PAGAN, ALFRED B.
STORM SE8EB ENDS BAN-BADE FLOODS,
•69-02188 06
PAGAN, A. R.
COUNT? BAIN-GAGE NETWOBK USEFUL IN DESIGN,
169-02078 01
PALUBB, C. L.
CONTBOL OP SEWER USAGE AT DETROIT, MICHIGAN,
869-01528 08
THE POLLDTIONAL EFFECTS OP STORM 8ATEB OVEBFL08S PBOH
COMBINED SE8ERS,
869-01843 07
FEASIBILITY OF COMBINED SEVER SYSTEMS,
869-02146 01
PARDEE, LYALL A.
DOUBLE-BABBELED CLAY-PIPE SE8EB,
869-02079
01
PABKEB, H. B.
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEEBING IN A NEV TOWN—PROGRESS AND
PROBLEMS,
869-02230 09
PABKER, V. C.
PLOW HEASOREMEIT,
869-02080
01
PASSAVANT, V.
ABE PROTECTED STORM VATEB OUTLETS DANGEBOUS TO STBEAHS,
V69-02189 06
PEMBEBTON, CABLYSLE
COMBINED SEVEB OVERFLOWS,
869-02117 01
PETERS, GERALD L.
REDUCTION OF HYDRAULIC SEVER LOADING BY DOWNSPOUT BEMOVAL,
869-02166 05
PETRLIK, J.
METHODS OF DETEBHINING SUBPACE DISTRIBUTION OF EXCESSIVE
RAINFALLS,
869-02251 11
PPEIFF, S.
FREQUENCY OP FL08 OVEB STORB-WATER OVERFLOWS AND STOBAGE
POSSIBILITIES IN TUB SEVEBAGE SYSTEM.
869-02118 01
NEV PRINCIPLES FOB THE ABBANGEHEHT OP STOBM VATER OVEBPLOVS,
V69-02119 01
NEV PROCESS FOB SIMPLE CALCULATION OP DILUTION VALUES FOB
STOBM VATEB OVERFLOWS IN COMBINED SEWERAGE SYSTEMS,
869-02150 04
PHILLIPS, MAX B.
HAKTEIANCE OF STOBB PL08 BEGULATOBS,
V69-02108 02
PICKPORD, J. A.
SE8EBAGE SYSTEMS AND RIVER POLLUTION,
869-01811 07
PIKARSKY, HILTON
UNDERFLOW SE8EBS FOB CHICAGO,
869-02151 01
POEBTNER, HERBERT G.
COMBINED SE8EB STUDY,
869-02152 01
STORK SB8EB SYSTEMS,
V69-02190 06
POHEROY, BICHABD
PL08 VELOCITY IN PABTLY FILLED PIPES,
869-01707 03
POMEROY, B. D.
FL08 VELOCITIES IN SHALL SEVEBS,
869-01706
03
POPEL, P.
EFFECT OF STOBM 8ATEB ON THE SEWERAGE SYSTEM AND THE
BECEIVING STREAMS,
869-021S3 04
POBTER, CARL 8.
ALLOCATION OF STORM DRAINAGE COSTS,
869-01891 10
POSTON, H. V.
THE BATTLE TO SAVE LAKE MICHIGAN,
V69-01815 07
POTTER, PBEDEBICK E.
EXTENSIVE SE8EBAGE BILL CDBB POLLUTION OP A BAY,
V69-021S4 04
PBENDIVILLE, P. V.
MERRIHACK BIVEB POLLUTION ABATEMENT STUDY,
869-01846 07
PBICE, R. E.
FLOB CHA8ACTZBISTICS OP PVC SI8BB PIPE,
869-01705 03
PRUNIEBAS, J.
CALCULATION OP DISCHARGE OF BAIN DITCHES AND BAINFALL
COLLECTING SYSTEMS,
869-01918 11
! PRDS-CHACINSKI, T. M.
SECO»DABIT MOTIONS APPLIED TO STOBM SWAGE OVEBFL08S,
869-02109 02
BABINOVICI, I.
DISCHARGE OF BAIN 8ATEB FBOM URBAN SEVEBS INTO STBEAHS,
869-01841 07
BACHNEB, N.
COMPARISON OF SOME FORMULAS FOB DETERMINING THE SNOB MELT
(PBELIHINABY RESULTS),
869-02252 11
BAHASESHAH, S.
SEQUENTIAL GENEBATION OF BAINFALL AND BUNOPF DATA,
869-01585 11
BAMB08, C. A.
POLLUTION STUDY OF A FUTURE TIDAL ESTDABY,
869-01847 07
BAMEY, H. P.
STOBM VATEB DRAINAGE IN THE CHICAGO ABEA,
869-01892 10
BAHSEIEB, ROY E.
L08 PRESSURE AIR TEST FOR SANITA8Y SE8EBS,
•69-02169 05
BAHSEIEB, B. E.
LOV PBESSUBE AIR TEST FOB SANITARY SEVEBS,
869-02167 05
EIPEBIENCE IN USING LOV-PRESSUBE AIB TEST FOB SANITARY
SE8ERS,
869-02168 05
RANDOLP, B.
CALCULATION OF RETENTION TANKS IN STOBM-8ATEB SEVEBS,
869-02191 06
BAKTZ, S. E.
EFFECT OP URBAN GROWTH ON STREAHPLOB BBGIBBN OP PEBHANENTE
CBEEK, SANTA CLABA COUNTY, CALIF,
869-01571 10
SURFACE-VATEB HYDBOLOGY OP CALIFORNIA COASTAL BASINS BET8EEN
SAN PBANCISCO BAY AND EEL BIVER,
869-02253 11
BATHS, C. H.
DEPOSITION IN A SANITARY SE8EB,
869-02170
05
BEBRDN, H.
USE OP STOBH RUNOFF POB ARTIFICIAL BECHABGE,
869-01861 09
-------
AUTU08 INDEX
REED, PAUL V.
VATBB POLLUTION CONTROL FEDERAL AID PROG8AHS,
V69-01529 08
COHTROL OF POLLUTION PROn COBBINED SEVER SYSTEMS.
V69-02235 09
REE, W. R.
EHERGEHCY ALUH TREATMENT OF OPEN RESERVOIRS,
V69-0223H 09
REID, G. W.
EVALUATION OF DISPERSED POLLUTION*L LOADS,
169-018148 07
REIKOLD, R. J.
EUTHOPBICATION OF ESTUARINE AREAS BY RAH HATER,
V69-018K9 07
REISDORPH, A. 3.
HASTE TREATMENT PLANT MODIFIED FOR INCREASED SOLIDS LOADING,
N69-02110 02
BEISH, D. J.
THE EFFECT OF FRESH-VATER RUN-OFF ON A POPULATION OF
ESTUARINE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS,
869-02215 07
RENDSVIG, P. H.
ON THE IHPORTANCE OF VOLUME DISTRIBUTION IN THE CALCULATION
OF DRAINAGE SISTEflS.
V69-0225* 11
RHODES, D. E.
REHABILITATION OF SANITART SEVER LINES,
V69-02171 OS
RIBBIUS, P. J.
THE STORM-HATER COMPROMISE,
H69-021SS 01
RIDGE, V. G.
SPLIT LEVEL DESIGN FOR SEVER SEPARATION,
1169-02192 06
RIEK, GEORGE C.
LOV PRESSURE AIR TEST FOR SANITARY SEVERS,
V69-02169 05
RIEK, G. C.
EXPERIENCE III USING LOV-PRESSDRE AIR TEST FOR SANITARY
SEVERS,
V69-02168 05
RIIS-CARSTENSEN, ERIK
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSTING INTERCEPTORS,
V69-02156 01
RILEY, D. «.
NOTES ON CALCULATING FLOV OF SURFACE VATER III SEVERS,
V69-02255 11
RI8A. D. R.
EXPERIMENTS IN VITER SPREADING AT NEVARK, DELAVARE,
V69-01865 09
ROBECK, G. G.
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAH?LIHS AND GAGING UNIT,
V69-02088 01
ROBINSON, LLOYD R.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITARY SEVER EXTENSIONS,
V69-02172 05
ROBINSON, R. R.
SUBURB HEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
V69-01895
10
RODDA, J. C.
THE SYSTEMATIC ERROR IN RAINFALL MEASUREMENT,
V69-02081 01
BONER, HAROLD
HOV COMBINED SEVERS AFFECT VATER POLLUTION. PT 1,
•69-01850 07
HOV COMBINED SEVERS AFFECT VATER POLLUTION. PT 2,
V69-018S1 07
ROBES, H.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMBINED SEVERS ON POLLUTION CONTROL,
V69-01852 07
ROTHENBERG, R.
COUNTY RAIN-GAGE NETVORK USEFUL IN DESIGN,
169-02078 01
ROVE, E. S.
FLOODING FREQUENCIES FOR URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN,
•69-01893 10
RUDONETOV, a. '.
LONG-RANGE FORECAST OF CRITICAL DATES OF SPRING DISCHARGE
HYDROGRAPH FROM LOCAL INDICES OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION,
VS9-02256 11
RUTHERFORD, C. C.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF POLLUTION PROBLEMS AND POLLUTION CONTROL
IN THE CITY OF LONDON, OUT,
V69-02157 0»
RUIZ, GEORGE
SEVERS CAN BE REBUILT BY REMOTE CONTROL.
H69-02173 05
RYAN, A. P.
RADAR ESTIMATION OF RAINFALL,
V69-02082 01
SlUBOBH, 3. L.
HIQHVAY DRAINAGE AND EROSION CONTROL.
V69-02193 06
SANTRY, I. V., JR.
INFILTRATION IN SANITARY SEVERS,
V69-0217H 05
SARGINSON, E. J.
THE APPLICATION OF STORAGE CAPACITY TO THE DESIGN OF SEVERS,
V69-02194 06
SAUER, V. B.
MAGNITUDE AND FREQUENCY OF STORM RUNOFF IN SOUTHEASTERN
LOUISIANA AND SOUTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI,
V69-02257 11
SAUER, V. V.
STORM HATER III SANITARY SEVERS,
V69-0217S
05
SAITON, 1C. J. H.
RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF IN THE DERVENT VALLEY TO YORKSHIRE
BRIDGE. DERBYSHIRE.
V69-02272 11
SAYLE, J. H. D.
SOUTHEND-ON-SEA SEVAGE VORKS AND PUMPING STATIONS,
V69-02236 09
SCHAAKE, JOHN C., JR.
PROGRESS REPORT (STUDY OF RATIONAL METHOD),
V69-01894 10
SCHAAKE. J. C.
MEASURING RAINFALL AND RUN-OFF AT ATORH-VATER INLETS,
V69-01923 11
SCHAAKE, J. C. . JR.
SYNTHESIS OF INLET BYDROGRAPH,
169-02258 11
EXPERIMENTAL EXAMINATION OF RATIONAL METHOD.
H69-02259 11
SCBARFE, V.
THE PERMISSIBLE DILUTION AT STORM VATER OUTLETS,
V69-01853 07
SCHEIDT, H. E.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF HIGBVAYS.
•69-01851
07
SCBICK, A. P.
EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION ON FLUVIAL SEDIMENT, URBAN AND
SURBURBAN AREAS OF MARYLAND,
V69-02227 07
SCBIGORIN, G.
POLLUTION OF STORM RUNOFF IS THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF LARGE
TONNS,
V69-02209 07
SCHIGORIN, G. G.
POLLUTION OF CITY SURFACE RUN-OFF VATER,
V69-02210 07
SCBIHRICK, F.
STORM VATER TANKS HITHOOT GRADIENTS, A METHOD 07 IMPROVING
THE SEVERAGE SYSTEMS OF TOVNS,
H69-01708 03
SCHMIDT, 0. J.
MEASUREMENT OF MANNING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT,
V69-01709 03
STORM-VATER OVERFLOVS FROM COMBINED SEVERS,
V69-0172& 0»
TREATMENT OF MUNICIPAL VASTE VATER.
V69-02237
09
SCHHITZ, L.
ON MEASUREMENTS OF STOEM-SENAGE OVERFLOVS - A GRAPHICAL
METHOD,
• 69-02111 02
MEASUREMENT OF STORM VATER OUTLETS IN COMBINED SEVERS BY THE
THROTTLE'PIPE PROCESS.
V69-02112 02
SCHOMAKER, N. B.
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF SOIL INFILTRATION THROUGH PIPE
JOINTS,
V69-017H9 05
SCHREIBER, H. A.
REGRESSION MODELS FOR PREDICTING ON-SITE RDN-OFF FROM SHORT
DURATION CONVECTIVE STORMS.
•69-02260 11
SEABROOK, C. S.
STORM SEVER DESIGN FACTORS,
-------
SEA-TUB
W69-02195
AUTHOB INDEI
06
SEDEL'NITSKII. TO K.
USE OF 3D DIAH REINFORCED CONCRETE STOBB SEWERS FOB WESTERN
SIBERIAN METALLURGICAL PLANT, SOVIET ONION,
169-02180 06
SEHPLAK, B. A.
GAOGE FOB CONTINUOUSLY HEASDBING BATE OF BAINFALL,
•69-02083 01
SEPPA, W. 0.
FDNDAflENTALS OF SEVEB DESIGN,
W69-02196
06
SHABBA, V. P.
SUBVEY OF NAJAFGABH DRAIN DOWNSTBEAB OF INDUSTRIAL ABEA,
W69-01729 01
SHARPE, D. E.
STOHH-WATER OVEBFLOWS THE OPEBATION AMD DESIGN OF A
STILLING POND.
W69-02113 02
SHEN, J.
USE OF ANALOG BODELS III ANALYSIS OF FLOOD BUNOFF,
W69-02261 11
SHEVKUH, A. N.
STANDARDS AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOB PLANNING SEWEBS
IN INHABITED LOCALITIES,
W69-01530 08
SHIFBIN, WALTER G.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEBCEPTION OF SEWAGE—STOBH WATEB
MIXTURES,
W69-02211 07
SHIFBIN, V. G.
A FLOODED-TUNNEL INTEBCEPTOB SYSTEB FOB THE BETBOPOLITAN ST.
LOUIS SEVER DISTRICT,
W69-02158 0»
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTEBCEPTION OF SEWAGE-STOBB iATEB
BIITU8BS,
W69-02212 07
SIDDIQI, B.
SOOBCE AND PERSISTENCE OF NBHATODES IN SURFACE WATBBS,
•69-01805 07
SIMPSON, B. H.
INTERCEPTING SEUEBS AND STOBfl STANDBY TANKS AT COLUBBOS,
OHIO,
H69-02132 01
SINGH, K. P.
NON-LINEAB INSTANTANEOUS UNIT-HYDBOGBAPH TBEOBY,
W69-02262 11
SINGH, R.
DOUBLE-BASS ANALYSIS ON COHPDTEB,
•69-02263 11
SKAKAL'SKIY, B. G.
BASIC GEOGRAPHICAL AND HYDROCHEBICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LOCAL BUNOFF OF N1TUBAL ZONES IN BUBOPEAN TEBBITOBY OF U S S
• 69-022614 11
SBISSON, B.
DESIGN, CONSTBDCTION AND PEHFOBBASCE OF VOBTEX OVEBFLOBS,
W69-02111 02
SBITH, A. A.
OPTIHUH DESIGN OF SEDERS,
•69-01710
03
SBITfl, K. J.
PERCOLATION, GBOUND-WATER DISCBABGE, AND STBEAB FLOW IN THE
NIDD VALLEY,
W69-0226S 11
SHITH, T. W.
GBOUND WATEB CONTBOL FOB HIGHWAYS,
W69-02197 06
SBIT, R. J.
SUBURB BEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
B69-01895 10
SNYDEB, W. R.
IATEB YIELD BODEL DEBIVED FBOB BONTBLY BUNOFF DATA,
W69-02266 11
SNYDEB, W. i.
SIHPLIFIED VEBSUS OPTIHUB UNIT HYDBOGBAPHS - ONE COHPABISON,
W69-02267 11
SOROKIN, A. N.
NOBOGBAHS FOB THE DETEBBINATION OF ANTICIPATED BATEB
DISCHABGE IN PLANNING RAIN BUN-OFF SYSTEBS,
•69-02268 11
SPBING, W.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL IN THE BEGION OF THE LOREB LAKE THUN,
K69-02213 07
STALBANN, V.
THE PBOBLEHS OF STOBB-WATEB OVEBFLOWS.
W69-02115 02
STANLEY, B. B.
HOW TO ANALYZE COHBINED SEBAGE-STOHHBATER COLLECTION
SYSTEBS,
W69-02159 04
STEELE, B. D.
THE TREATBENT OF STOBB SEWAGE,
•69-02116
02
STEEL, T.
PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEEBING IN A NEW TOWN—PBOGBESS AND
PEOBLE9S,
•69-02230 09
STEGHAIEB, B. B.
STOBB-UATEB OVEBFLOIS,
•69-02211 07
STEIBLE, S. E.
INFILTRATION AND SEVEB FOUNDATIONS,
•69-017K6
STEYTLEB, B. B.
SIMPLIFIED SE«ER DESIGN.
169-02198
05
05
06
STONE, A. N.
TBE EFFECT OF FBESH-BATEB BUN-OFF OB A POPULATION OF
ESTUABINE POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS,
W69-02215 07
STOBCH, W.
BAINFALL BATES OF HEAVY BAINS IN BBEBEH,
W69-02269 11
STOBIA, E. J.
BETHOD OF CLEANING SEWEB SYSTEMS,
169-02238 09
STORB, X. D.
FLOODING FREQUENCIES FOB URBAN DBAINAGE DESIGN,
•69-01893 10
STOUT, G. E.
STUDIES OF SEVEBE BAINSTOBHS IN ILLINOIS,
•69-01896 10
STOW, L. J. A.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
169-01531
08
STUABT, I.
ADSTBALIA DEVELOPS NEW SCIENTIFIC EQDIPBENT TO ASSESS VATEB
BESOUBCES,
• 69-0208H 01
SDBBOTIN, A. I.
BELATIONSniP BETWEEN SUBFACE AND UNDEBGRODND IATERS AND USE
OF WELL OBSEBVATIONS IN BIVEB-FLOI FORECASTING,
•69-02270 11
SULLIVAN. BICHABD H.
EFFECTS ON WINTEB STOBB BDNOFF ON VEGETATION AND AS A FACTOR
IN STBEAB POLLUTION,
•69-02216 07
SUPIBO, G.
ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF STOBB-WATEB PLOWS IN A LABGE
CHANNEL SYSTEfl,
•69-02271 11
SUTHERLAND, G. A.
PROGRESS TO DATE AND CUBBENT UOBKS AT GLENBOTHES SEW TOBH,
•69-02199 06
SHIFT, T. W.
SUBUBB BEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
•69-01895 10
SYLVESTEB, ROBEBT 0.
A LAKE'S BESPONSE TO ITS ENVIBONBENT,
169-02217 07
SYBONS, G. E.
HOW TO ESTIHATE STOBH HATER QUANTITIES,
•69-01785 06
SYRACUSE, LEE ANTHONY
SHOBTCOHINGS AND POTENTIAL OF ZONING,
969-02200 06
TANAKOV. B. B.
USE OF 3H DIAH BEINFOBCED CONCRETE STOBM SEWEBS FOR BESTEBN
SIBERIAN BETALLUBGICAL PLANT. SOVIET UNION.
•69-02180 06
TAYLOB. P. A.
EBPIBICAL BODEL FOB PREDICTING DRAINAGE SYSTEH PERFORMANCE,
•69-02201 06
THEINPONT, H.
SAINT NICOLAS TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF TBE SEIAGE-
TBEATBENT WORKS,
•69-02239 09
THEBOUX, B. J.
DIVERSION FACTOBS FOB COHBINED SEVEBS BASED OB SEWAGE AND
STBEAB ANALYSES,
-------
AOTHOB IBDEI
"69-02160 01
THOLIN, 1. L.
THE HYDROLOGY OF UBBAB BUNOFF,
•69-01897 10
STOBH DBAINAGE PBOBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS,
•69-02202 06
THOMPSON, B. B. S.
BAINFALL AND BON-OFF IB THE DEBBENT VALLEY TO YOBKSBIRE
BBIDGE, DEBBYSBIBE,
•69-02272 11
THOMPSON, T. U.
SDBFSCE-BATEB BYDBOLOGY or CALIPOBBIA COASTAL BASINS BETWEEN
SAN FBABCISCO BAT ABD EEL BIVEB.
869-02253 11
THOH. H. C. S.
A TIBE INTEBVAL DISTBIBOTION FOB EXCESSIVE SAINFALL.
969-01898 10
THOBHO.UIST, H. T.
TV ISSPECTIOB OF SEVEBS IHPBOVES BEPAIB PBOGBAH,
•69-02085 01
THORSTEBSOB, F. W.
FUNCTION ABD OBGANIZATIOB OF HIGHBAY DBAIBAGE SECTIONS,
•69-02203 06
THHELFALL, J. H.
STOBH FLOWS FBO« COBBINED SEiEBAGE SYSTEMS IB THREE ABEAS,
1169-02093 02
TISON, G.
HOB TO PLACE STOBH SPILLBAY IN COMBINED STOBH ABD SANITABI
SEBEB SYSTEM,
W69-02118 02
TISON, G., JB.
PROBLEM OF DESIGN Of IBTEBCEPTIBG DEVICES BITH OVEBFLOB
BBIRS IB COMBINED SEBEB SISTERS,
B69-02117 02
TOBNEND, C. B.
SOflE HYDHAULIC ASPECTS 0? SEBEBAGE AND SEBAGE DISPOSAL,
B69-01711 03
TBOEHPEB. A. PAUL
BEDDCTION OF HYDRAULIC SEBEB LOADING Bt DOBBSP00T BEHOVAL,
B69-02166 05
TBUESDALE, G. A.
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION DSIBG A PLASTIC FILTEB MEDIUM,
869-01871 09
UNDERBILL, H. 8.
BAINFALL BECOBDEBS-COHPABISON OF DIFFEBENT TYPES,
869-02086 01
VAN DONSEL, DALE J.
SEASOSAL VABIATIOBS IB SUBVIVAL OF IBDICATOB BACTEBIA IB
SOIL ABD THEIB CONTBIBOTION TO STOBB-WJTEB POLLDTION,
•69-02218 07
VAN KBEGTEN, S. J.
HYDBOLOGICAL OBSEBVATIONS,
•69-02273
11
VAB BYK. V.
STOBB STUDIES IN SODTH AFHICA-SHALL-ABEA HIGH-INTESSITY
BAINFALL,
869-02274 1]
VABDIN, B.
TOBOBTO COBFBONTS ODTDATED SEKBBS,
•69-0177(1
06
VADGHAB, B. D.
BACTERIOLOGICAL COHPABISOB BETWEEN COHBINED ABD SEPARATE
SEBEB DISCHARGES,
169-01802 07
VELDKANP, F. B.
PBOBLEBS OF HATER DISCHARGE IN UBBAN ABEAS,
•69-01899 10
VEBBEB, J. L.
A STUDY OF LAKE BICHIGAN CHEfllCAL, BIOLOGICAL, AND
PHYSICAL,
W69-02219 07
VESILIND, P. A.
ELBO« BETER BEASDBES FLO 8,
•69-02087 01
VIESSRAB, BARREN
BUNOFP ESTIHATION FOB VERY SBALL DBAINAGE ABEAS,
•69-01900 10
VIESSBAB, H.
THE HYDROLOGY OF SBALL IMPEBVIODS ABEAS,
•69-01901 10
PBOGBESS BEPOBT ON THE STOBB DBAIBAGE BESEABCH PBOJECT, JDLY
1, 1958, TO JOBE 30, 1959,
•69-01902 10
SEASONING BAIBPALL ABD BON-OFF AT ATOHK-BATEB INLETS,
•69-01923 11
THE-WEI
PBOGBESS BEPOBT ON THE STOBfl DBAINAGE BESEABCH PBOJECT, JULY
1ST, 1959 TO JUNE 30TH, 1960,
•69-02276 11
VIESSHAN, «.. JB.
SOLUTION TO SUBFACE BDBOFF PBOBLEH,
•69-01572 11
CHABACTEBISTICS OF THE INLET HYDBOGBAPfl,
H69-0227S 11
VODA, B. L.
HETBOD Of CLEANING SEBEB SYSTEBS,
•69-02238
09
VOBBBRG, F.
BELATIONS BETWEEN THE DEGBEES OF DILUTION IN THE SEWEBS AT
THE STOBB BATES OUTLET, AND IN THE RECEIVING STBEAfl,
•69-02220 07
VUKBIBOVIC, V.
BOB TO PLACE STOBB SPILLBAY IB COflBINED STORB ABD SABITABY
SEBEB SYSTBB,
•69-02118 02
HAABABEB, A. 0.
HYDBOLOGIC EFFECTS OF OBBAN GROWTH—SOflE CHABACTEBISTICS OF
UBBAN BUN-OFF,
•69-01903 10
8AGBEB, H.
HIDBADLIC ASSUBPTIONS IB CALCULATING STOBB-BSTEB OVERFLOWS,
•69-02119 02
WALKEB, K. H.
STOBfl SEWIGE OVERFLOWS - A KAJOB POLLDTION SODBCE,
•69-02221 07
BALLEB, D. H.
ONE CITY'S APPBOACH TO THE PHOBLEB OF COBBINED SEWAGE
OVEBFLOHS,
•69-02161 04
WAHBIS, J. B. C.
THE TBUNK SEBEB SYSTEM AND THE SEWAGE-TBEATBENT PLANT OF THE
TOBN OF UTBECHT. II. STOBAGE CAPACITY OF SEBEBS ABD POMP
REGIflE,
•69-02162 01
•ABD, A. ».
COflBINED VS SEPABATE SYSTEMS OF SEWERAGE,
•69-02163 0«
BABG, G.
THE PBOBLEBS OF STORfl-BATER OVERFLOWS,
•69-02115 02
THE EFFECT OF DELAYED DISCRABGE OB THE CALCULATION OF STOflfl-
SEBAGE OVERFLOWS,
•69-02120 02
•ATKINS, L. H.
SUBFACE BATES DBAINAGE—BEVIEB OF PAST BESEABCH,
• 69-01904 10
THE DESIGN OF UBBAN SEBEB SYSTEMS. BESEABCH IBTO THE
BELATION BETBEEN BATE OF BAIBFALL ABD THE BATE OF FLOB IB
SEHEBS,
• 69-01905 10
DESIGB OF STOBH SEBEB SYSTEMS.
869-02204 06
BAITS, D. G.
EMPIBICAL flODEL FOB PREDICTING DBAINAGE SYSTEM PEBFOBMANCE.
•69-02201 06
BEAVEB, LEO
STOBM BATES POLLUTION COBTBOL,
•69-01836 07
BEIBEL, S. B.
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAHPLING AND GAGING UBIT,
•69-02088 01
DBBAN DBAINAGE AS A FACTOB IB EUTBOPHICATIOB.
869-02222 07
OBBAB LABD BDN-OFF AS A FACTOH IB STBEAH POLLUTION,
869-02223 07
CBABACTEBIZATION, TBEATMENT ABD DISPOSAL OF UBBAN STOBB
BATEB,
869-02221 07
PESTICIDES ABD OTHEB CONTAMINANTS IB BAINFALL AND BUBOFF,
•69-02225 07
BEIDNEB, B. B.
AUTOMATIC MOBILE SAMPLIBG ABD GAGIBG UNIT,
869-02088 01
CHARACTERIZATION, TBEATBEBT ABD DISPOSAL OF UBBAB STOBB
BATEB,
869-02224 07
PESTICIDES ABD OTHEB CONTABIBABTS IB BAIBFALL ABD BUNOFF,
869-02225 07
UEINEB, D. J.
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
SEWERAGE AND STORK-FLO* TREATMENT,
W69-02210
09
KELLER, LLOYD II.
1 STUDY OF STORMWATER INFILTRATION INTO SAHITAHI SEWERS,
W69-02177 05
WELLER, I. W.
EIPILTRATION TESTING OF LARGE SEWERS III KANSAS CITY, MO.,
W69-01741 OS
DIVERSION AND TREATMENT OF EXTRANEOUS FLOWS IN SANITARY
SEWERS.
•69-02176 05
HELLS, C. G.
SEWAGE WORKS DESIGN AND WET WEATHER FLOWS,
W69-0216U OH
WELSCH, W. FRED
GROUND WATER RECHARGE - CONSERVATION IB NASSAU COUNTY,
W69-022H1 09
WESSERLING, J.
EFFECT OF USING CONTINUALLY SUBMERGED DRAINS ON DRAIN
SPACINGS,
W69-02205 06
WIELOGORSKI, J. W.
STORK SEWAGE SEPARATION BY HELICAL NOTION,
W69-02090 02
SECONDARY MOTIONS APPLIED TO STORH SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
K69-02109 02
ilLGING, ROBERT C.
SEWER DEPTH OF FLOW DETERBINATION,
W69-02089 01
WILKES. G. B.
DRAIN THAT GREW AND GREW,
V69-02206 06
WILKINSON, G. W.
SORE HYDRAULIC ASPECTS OF SEWERAGE AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL,
W69-01711 03
WILKINSON, R.
THE QUALITY OF RAINFALL RUN-OFF WATER FROH A HOUSING ESTATE.
W69-02226 07
WILLEKE, G. E.
TIKE IN URBAN HYDROLOGY,
W69-01906 10
WILLIAMS, D. A.
SOIL AND WATER PROBLEHS ON BUILDING SITES,
W69-02207 06
WILLIAMS, R. K.
SEVAGE WORKS DESIGN AND WET HEATHER FLOWS,
W69-02164 Oil
WILSON, K. V.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF EFFECT OF URBANIZATION ON FLOODS IN
JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI,
W69-01907 10
WINTON, D. M.
CITY OF OAKLAND DEVELOPS NEW RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION
CORVES,
W69-01908 10
WOLMAN, M. G.
EFFECTS OF CONSTRUCTION ON FLUVIAL SEDIMENT, URBAN AND
SURBURBAN AREAS OF MARYLAND,
W69-02227 07
WOLTER, N.
THE DETERGENT CONTENT OF RIVER WATER AS A FUNCTION OF WATER
FLOW,
W69-01800 07
WOODING, R. A.
A HYDRAOLIC MODEL FOR THE CATCHJIENT-STREAM PROBLEM. III.
COMPARISON WITH RUN-OFF OBSERVATIONS,
H69-02277 11
HYDRAULIC MODEL FOR CATCHMENT-STREAK PROBLEM,
W69-02278 11
WOODWARD, B. L.
URBAN LAND RUN-OFF AS A FACTOR IN STREAM POLLUTION,
W69-02223 07
WOOD, DONALD F.
WATERFRONT RENEWAL IN METROPOLITAN AREAS,
W69-01909 10
WOOD, I. R.
A METHOD OF URBAN DRAINAGE DESIGN FOR REGIONS OF HIGH
RAINFALL INTENSITY,
• 69-01910 10
WOO, D. C.
HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF DEPRESSED CURB-OPENING INLETS,
R69-01702 03
WRIGHT, K. B.
HARVARD GULCH FLOOD CONTROL PROJECT,
•69-01911 10
YOUNG, A. J. B.
ECONOMIC SURFACE-WATER SEWERAGE
PRACTICE,
W69-01S69
ZOELLNER, G. E.
GRAPHIC STORM SEWER DESIGN,
. W69-02208
A SUGGESTED STANDARD OF
10
06
ZOTIHOV, N. V.
RESULTS OF RADAR MEASUREMENTS OF LIQUID PRECIPITATION,
W69-01666 01
-------
ORGANIZATIONAL INDEX
ABEBICAN PUBLIC W08KS ASSOC BES FOUNDATION.
STOBB SEWER SYSTEMS,
W69-02190 06
AYEBS, LEWIS, NOBRIS, ASD BAY, MIS ABBOB, MICH.
SUBUBB MEETS URBANIZATION HEAD-ON,
•69-01895 10
BRISTOL AVON RIVER BOARD SEVERN HIVER BOARD.
FIFTEENTH 1»D FIBAL AHSUAL REPORTS OF THE BRISTOL AVOS BIVEB
BOARD AND THE SEVERN RIVER BOARD FOB THE YEAR ENDED 31ST
BARCH, 1965.
W69-01518 08
BRITISH STANDARDS IHSTITUT I0», LONDON, 1952.
SURFACE WATER AND SUBSOIL DRAINAGE.
W69-01765 06
BUREAU OF SANITARY ENGINEERING, NEW YORK CITY DEPARTBENT OF
HEALTH.
INVESTIGATION OF POLLUTION OF EASTCHESTER BAY.
W69-01793 07
CUBBERLAND RIVER BOARD, THE NORTHUBBERLAND AND TYNESIDE
BIVEB BOARD AND THE HEAR ABB TEES BIVEB BOA8D.
ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE CUBBERLAND BIVER BOARD, THE
NORTHUBBERLAND AND TYNESIDE RIVER BOARD, AND THE WEAR ASD
TEES RIVER BOARD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST BAHCH, 1961.
B69-01508 07
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADBIN., CINCINNATI.
URBAN DRAINAGE AS A FACTOR IN EUTROPHICATION,
W69-02222 07
FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION COKBOL ADHIH., PHILA., PA.
DELWARE ESTUARY COMPREHENSIVE STUDY PRELIBINARY REPORT AND
FINDINGS.
W69-01522 08
GREAT BRITAI8 HIHISTBY OF TECHNOLOGY.
WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH, 1965.
W69-01506 07
BEBSEY RIVER BOARD.
THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1963-614.
U69-01768
06
WATER POLLUTION BESEARCH, 1961.
869-01507
07
HITTBAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
SYSTEB STUDY, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL STORAGE,
TREATflENT AND REFUSE OF STORB WATER.
869-01860 09
HUBBELL, ROTH AND CLARK, INC., BLOOBFIELD HILLS, BICH.
EFFECT OF STORAGE AND SKIBBING ON COMBINED SEWAGE OVERFLOWS,
W69-01882 09
IBPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, (UNIVERSITY OF
LONDON).
RESEARCH REPORT OF THE CITY AND GUILDS COLLEGE, 1961-6K.
W69-0157U 11
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV., BALTIBORE, HD. DEPT, SiNIT. ENG. AND
BATEB RESOURCES.
PBOGRESS REPORT OF THE STOBB DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT.
W69-01659 01
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV., DEPT. SANIT. ENG. WATER RESOUR.,
BALTIMORE.
PROGRESS BEPOBT ON THE STORM DRAINAGE RESEARCH PROJECT, JULY
1, 1958, TO JUNE 30, 1959,
869-01902 10
LANCASHIRE RIVER BOARD.
TWELTH AND THIRTEENTH ANNUAL REPOBTS BEING FOB THE YEARS
ENDED 31ST MARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MARCH, 1964.
869-01509 07
LONGWOOD ENGINEERING CO., LTD.
METHOD OF AND BEANS FOR DEALING WITH STOBM-9ATEB OVERFLOWS
IN SEWEBS AND LIKE DBAINAGE SYSTEMS.
869-01690 02
BETROPOLITAS SANITARY DISTRICT OF GBEATER CHICAGO, CHICAGO,
ILL.
CHICAGO BSD PROGRESS REPORT ON CHLORINATION,
U69-01862 09
BETBOPOLITAN ST LOUIS SEWEB DIST, ST LOUIS, HO.
ADBINISTBATIVE AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF OPERATING A
BETBOPOLITAN SESBB DISTRICT,
W69-01837 07
BISSISSIPPI STATE USIV., STATE COLLEGE.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SANITARY SEWEB EXTENSIONS,
W69-02172 05
NATIONAL INST OF WATER RESEABCH, SOUTH AFRICA.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOBS IN RELATION TO WATER USE AND
PROTECTION AGAINST POLLUTION,
W69-01U96 07
NORTH CAROLINA UNIV., RALEIGH, N. C. WATER RESOURCES RES.
INST.
TRENDS IN FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOB WATER POLLUTION CONTROL,
W69-01526 08
SEVERN RIVER BOARD WYE HIVEB BOARD.
ANNUAL BEPORTS OF THE SEVERN BIVER BOARD AND THE WYE HIVER
BOARD FOR THE YEAR ENDED 3 1ST MARCH, 19614.
W69-01520 08
TRENT RIVEB BOARD.
TWELFTH ASD THIRTEENTH STATUTORY ANNUAL REPORTS, YEARS ENDED
31ST BARCH, 1963 AND 31ST MABCH, 19614.
W69-Q1510 07
SECOND QUINQUENNIAL ABSTRACT OF STATISTICS RELATING TO RIVEB
SURVEYS IN THE TRENT WATERSHED COVERING THE FIVE-YEAR PERIOD
1957 TO 1961 (WITH SOME SDPPL DATA FOB 1962).
W69-01511 07
TULANE UNIV., NEW ORLEANS, LA.
INFILTRATION AND SBHER FOUNDATIONS,
W69-017I47 05
UNIVEBSITY COLLEGE, GALWAY, IRELAND.
THE BOLE Of PABAMETSIC HYDROLOGY,
W69-02249
11
U. S. PUBLIC HEALTH SEBV.
ACTIVITIES REPORT, JULY 1, 1961 - JUNE 30, i965, BASIC AND
APPLIED SCIENCES BRANCH, DIVISION OF WATEB SUPPLY AND
POLLUTION CONTBOL.
W69-0179I4 07
WALTBB BEED ARBY INST OF BESBABCH, WASHINGTON, D. C.
OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIAL WATEB QUALITY
STANDARDS,
869-01812 07
WATEB POLLUTION BESBABCH LABOBATOBY, STEVENAGE, GT BBIT.
BIOLOGICAL FILTRATION USING A PLASTIC FILTER BEDIUB,
W69-01871 09
WATEB BESEARCH ASSOCIATION.
NINTH ANNUAL REPOBT, FOR THE YEAS ENDED DECEBBEB 31ST 1963.
H69-01515 08
WILSEY AND HAH, SAN MATED, CALIF.
BUILT TO BE SEEN,
W69-01675 01
THE TRUNK SEWER SYSTEM AND THE SEWAGE-TBEATMENT PLANT OF THE
TOWN OF OTBECHT. II. STORAGE CAPACITY OP SEWERS MD PUBP
BEGIBE,
869-02162 014
WARD, A. B.
-------
ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
08
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
#69-01494
#69-01495
#69-01496
#69-01497
#69-01498
W69-01499
#69-01500
W69-01501
#69-01502
#69-01503
W69-01504
#69-01505
W69-01506
A69-01507
W69-01508
W69-01509
#69-01510
W69-01511
#69-01512
W69-01513
#69-01514
W69-01515
W69-01516
#69-01517
#69-01518
W69-01519
#69-01520
#69-01521
#69-01522
W69-01523
W69-01524
#69-01525
#69-01526
#69-01527
#69-01528
W69-01529
W69-01530
#69-01531
#69-01532
#69-01533
W69-01534
W69-01535
W69-01536
W69-01537
#69-01538
W69-01539
W69-01540
W69-01541
W69-01542
#69-01543
W69-01544
W69-01545
#69-01546
#69-01547
W69-01548
W69-01549
W69-01550
#69-01551
#69-01552
W69-01553
#69-01554
#69-01555
W69-01556
#69-01557
#69-01558
W69-01559
W69-01560
W69-01561
#69-01562
#69-01563
W69-01564
#69-01565
W69-01566
#69-01567
#69-01568
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
03
#69-01569
#69-01570
#69-01571
W69-01572
#69-01573
W69-01574
#69-01575
#69-01576
#69-01577
W69-01578
#69-01579
Wb9-01580
#69-01581
W69-01582
W69-01583
W69-01584
#69-01585
W69-01586
W69-01587
W69-01588
#69-01589
#69-01590
#69-01591
W69-01592
W69-01593
W69-01657
W69-01658
#69-01659
#69-01660
#69-01661
#69-01662
#69-01663
#69-01664
#69-01665
W69-01666
#69-01667
W69-01668
#69-01669
W69-01670
W69-01671
#69-01672
W69-01673
W69-01674
W69-0167S
W69-01676
W69-01677
W69-01678
W69-01679
W69-01680
W69-01681
W69-01682
W69-01683
W69-01684
W69-01685
W69-01686
W69-01687
W69-01688
W69-01689
W69-01690
#69-01691
W69-01692
W69-01693
#69-01695
W69-01696
W69-01697
W69-01698
W69-01699
#69-01700
W69-01701
#69-01702
#69-01703
#69-01704
#69-01705
#69-01706
#69-01707
03
03
03
03
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
#69-01708
W69-01709
#69-01710
#69-01711
#69-01712
#69-01713
#69-01714
W69-01715
#69-01716
#69-01717
#69-01718
#69-01719
W69-01720
#69-01721
#69-01722
W69-01723
#69-01724
#69-01725
#69-01726
#69-01727
#69-01728
#69-01729
W69-01730
#69-01731
#69-01732
#69-01733
#69-01734
#69-01735
#69-01736
#69-01737
#69-01738
#69-01739
#69-01740
#69-01741
#69-01742
#69-01743
#69-01744
#69-01745
#69-01746
#69-01747
#69-01748
#69-01749
#69-01750
#69-01751
#69-01752
#69-01753
#69-01754
#69-01755
#69-01756
#69-01757
#69-01758
#69-01759
#69-01760
#69-01761
#69-01762
#69-01763
#69-01764
#69-01765
#69-01766
#69-01767
#69-01768
#69-01769
#69-01770
#69-01771
#69-01772
#69-01773
#69-01774
#69-01775
#69-01776
#69-01777
#69-01778
#69-01779
#69-01780
#69-01781
#69-01782
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
09
09
09
#69-01783
#69-01784
#69-01785
#69-01786
#69-01787
#69-01788
#69-01789
#69-01790
#69-01791
#69-01792
#69-01793
#69-01794
#69-01795
#69-01796
#69-01797
#69-01798
#69-01799
#69-01800
#69-01801
#69-01802
#69-01803
#69-01804
#69-01805
#69-01806
#69-01807
#69-01808
#69-01809
#69-01810
#69-01811
#69-01812
#69-01813
#69-01814
#69-01815
#69-01816
#69-01817
#69-01818
W69-01819
#69-01820
#69-01821
W69-01822
#69-01823
#69-01824
#69-01825
#69-01826
#69-01827
#69-01828
#69-01829
#69-01830
#69-01831
#69-01832
#69-01833
#69-01834
#69-01835
#69-01836
#69-01837
#69-01838
#69-01839
#69-01840
#69-01841
#69-01842
#69-01843
#69-01844
#69-01845
#69-01846
#69-01847
#69-01848
#69-01849
#69-01850
#69-01851
#69-01852
#69-01853
#69-01854
#69-01855
#69-01856
#69-01857
51
-------
ACCESSION NUMBER INDEX
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
02
W69-01858
W69-01859
W69-01860
W69-01861
W69-01862
W69-01863
W69-01864
W69-01865
W69-01866
W69-01867
W69-01868
W69-01869
W69-01870
W69-01871
W69-01872
W69-01873
W69-01874
W69-01875
W69-01876
W69-01877
W69-01878
W69-01879
W69-01880
W69-01881
W69-01882
W69-01883
W69-01884
W69-01885
W69-01886
W69-01887
W69-01888
W69-01889
W69-01890
W69-01891
W69-01892
W69-01893
W69-01894
W69-01895
W69-01896
W69-01897
W69-01898
W69-01899
W69-01900
W69-01901
W69-01902
W69-01903
W69-01904
W69-01905
W69-01906
W69-01907
W69-01908
W69-01909
W69-01910
W69-01911
W69-01912
W69-01913
W69-01914
W69-01915
W69-01916
W69-01917
W69-01918
W69-01919
W69-01920
W69-01921
W69-01922
W69-01923
W69-01924
W69-01925
W69-01964
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
02
OH
OH
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
W69-02075
W69-02076
W69-02077
*69-0207B
W69-02079
W69-02080
W69-02081
W69-02082
W69-02083
W69-02084
W69-02085
W69-02086
W69-02087
W69-02088
W69-02089
W69-02090
W69-02091
W69-02092
W69-02093
W69-02094
W69-02O95
W69-02096
W69-02097
W69-02098
W69-02099
W69-02100
W69-02101
W69-02102
W69-02103
W69-02104
W69-02105
W69-02106
W69-02107
W69-02108
W69-02109
W69-02110
W69-02111
W69-02112
W69-02113
W69-02114
W69-02115
W69-02116
W69-02117
W69-0211B
W69-02119
W69-02120
W69-02121
W69-02122
W69-02123
W69-02124
W69-02125
W69-02126
W69-02127
W69-02128
W69-02129
W69-02130
W69-02131
W69-02132
W69-02133
W69-02134
W69-02135
W69-02136
W69-02137
W69-02138
W69-02139
W69-02140
W69-02141
Wb9-02142
W69-02143
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
O4
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
05
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
O6
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
06
O7
07
07
07
W69-02144
W69-02145
*69-02146
»69-02147
W69-02148
W69-02149
W69-02150
W69-02151
W69-02152
W69-02153
W69-02154
W69-02155
W69-02156
W69-02157
W69-02158
W69-02159
W69-02160
W69-02161
W69-02162
W69-02163
W69-02164
W69-02165
W69-02166
W69-02167
W69-02168
W69-02169
W69-02170
W69-02171
W69-02172
W69-02173
W69-02174
W69-02175
W69-02176
W69-02177
W69-02178
W69-02179
W69-02180
W69-02181
W69-02182
W69-02183
»69-02184
W69-02185
W69-02186
W69-02187
*69-02188
W69-02189
W69-02190
W69-02191
W69-02192
W69-02193
W69-02194
W69-02195
*69-02196
W69-02197
W69-02198
W69-02199
W69-02200
W69-02201
W69-02202
W69-02203
W69-02204
W69-02205
W69-02206
W69-02207
W69-02208
»69-02209
W69-02210
W69-02211
W69-02212
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
07
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
09
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
W69-02213
W69-02214
W69-02215
W69-02216
W69-02217
W69-02218
W69-02219
W69-02220
W69-02221
W69-02222
W69-02223
W69-02224
W69-02225
W69-02226
W69-02227
W69-02228
W69-02229
W69-02230
W69-02231
W69-02232
W69-02233
W69-02234
W69-02235
W69-02236
W69-02237
W69-02238
W69-02239
W69-02240
W69-02241
W69-02242
W69-02243
W69-02244
W69-02245
W69-02246
W69-02247
W69-02248
W69-02249
W69-02250
W69-02251
W69-02252
W69-02253
W69-02254
W69-02255
W69-02256
W69-02257
W69-02258
W69-02259
W69-02260
W69-02261
W69-02262
W69-02263
W69-02264
W69-02265
W69-02266
*69-02267
W69-02268
W69-02269
W69-02270
W69-02271
W69-02272
W69-02273
W69-02274
W69-02275
W69-02276
W69-02277
W69-02278
52
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 O - 354-052
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