c/EPA
           United States
           Environmental Protection
           Agency
              EPA/600/9-87/021
              September 1 987
           Research and Development
FY-1988
EPA Research
Program Guide

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Notice
The program descriptions and resource estimates included
in this document reflect the latest detailed information
available at time of publication. Time and pending
Congressional actions will change some of this information.
In addition, the resource figures have been rounded off and
some smaller programs omitted. For the latest information,
you may want to contact the individual listed.

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                      EPA/600/9-87/021
                      September 1987
      FY-1988
   EPA Research
  Program Guide

October 1, 1987 — September 30, 1988
 Office of Research and Development
 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
     Washington, DC 20460

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Contents	


Introduction	1
How to Use the Program Guide	2
Air	3
  Global and Microenvironmental	3
  Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities	4
  Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities	8
  National Ambient Air Quality Standards
   (NAAQS)	10
  New Source Performance Standards and State
   Implementation Plans	13
  Indoor Air Pollution Activities 	15
Drinking Water	17
  Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants	17
  Groundwater Research	18
  Ground Water 	18
  Drinking Water Technology	19
Water Quality	20
  Water  Quality Based Approach/Permitting	20
  Industrial  Wastewater Treatment Technology	22
  Wastewater Treatment Technology	22
  Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes	24
Hazardous Waste	26
  Alternate Technologies	26
  Dioxin	26
  Incineration	28
  Land Disposal 	29
  Quality Assurance	30
  Releases	30
  Waste  Characterization	32
  Waste  Identification	34
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment	36
  Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical
   Pest Control Agents	36
  Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment	39
  Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation	40
  Exposure  Monitoring .. .1	41
  Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation	41
  Special Human Data Needs	42
  Structure  Activity Relationships	42
  Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
    (TSCA)	43
  Engineering	44
  Test Method  Development	45
Pesticides	48
  Biotechnology/ Microbial and Biochemical
   Pest Control Agents	48
  Ecology: Ecotoxicity  and Risk Assessment	49

                 iii

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Contents (continued)
  Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 	49
  Engineering	50
  Exposure	51
  Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation	51
  Support	52
  Test Method Development	52
Multi-Media Energy 	54
  Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology 	54
  Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base	54
  Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources	55
  Evaluate Availability and Cost of Applicable
   Control Technology	55
  Understand and Quantify Effects on
   Material and Cultural Resources	55
  Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects	56
  Understand and Quantify Terrestrial  Effects	56
  Understand Atmospheric Processes	57
Intermedia	58
  Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
   Program 	58
  Manage Visiting Scientists Program	59
  Manage Exploratory Research Grant and
   Centers Program 	60
  Integrated Risk Assessment	61
  Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
   Program 	62
Radiation  	63
  Off-Site Monitoring Program 	63
  Scientific Support for Radon Program	63
Superfund	64
  Provide Techniques and Procedures for
   Site and Situation Assessment	64
  Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
   Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
   Response and Remedial Action, for
   Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
   Supporting Enforcement Actions  	65
  Provide Quality Assurance—
   Superfund Program Requirements	65
  Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
   Program, and Regions	66
  Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,     (
   Program and Regional Offices	66
  Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and
   Detection	67
  Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
   Assessment and  Detection  Research	67
  Support Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts	69

                  iv

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Contents (continued)
  Innovative Alternative Technology Research,
   Development, and Demonstration	69
ORD Organization  	70
ORD Organizational Descriptions  	74
ORD Office/Laboratory Abbreviations	81
ORD Key Contacts	84
ORD Regional Contacts	88
EPA Regional Offices	89

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Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates
and provides quality control for the progress of science.
This report provides information on the research which
EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much we
intend to spend on each program area, and on whom to
contact for further details. More than 60 percent of our
research budget will be spent through extramural contracts,
grants, and cooperative agreements with  organizations
outside of EPA's laboratories.
  It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness
of this research by placing great emphasis upon open
competition for extramural support. We  hope that the
information in this report will stimulate qualified parties
and make their capabilities known to our research
managers so that we all might gain from  sharing experience
and expertise. Please feel free to contact any of the parties
listed in this report.

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How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of ORD's research program are
organized first by media such as air, water, hazardous
wastes, etc. These categories are further broken down into
research foci such as scientific assessment, monitoring and
quality assurance, health effects, environmental processes,
and engineering technology. Each description is a very
broad summary of the research being done, where that
research is being done, who to contact for more
information about the program, and both the approximate
total funding for that area and the percentage of total
funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research.
Funding which is not reserved for in-house research is spent
through extramural contracts, grants and cooperative
agreements.
  For each program description, one or more contacts are
listed along with the major research areas to be pursued.
For further information, you may call the contacts. Their
commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone numbers are listed
in a separate section near the end of this report. Where two
or more research laboratories are listed, please turn to the
"EPA R&D Organization" section of this report for
descriptions of the major mission and functions of each.
  Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be
done in-house by EPA's laboratories. The rest will be
accomplished extramurally. Proposals for funds for
research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed and
are considered on a competitive basis. To receive
information regarding application procedures for
extramural funds, please contact the person indicated in the
area of specific interest to you. In addition, approximately*
fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support
long-term exploratory research. Information regarding
funds for exploratory research grants can be obtained from
the:
Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
  Finally, for further information regarding Office of
Research and Development research publications
(600/series) or for additional copies of this report, please
contact:
Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562

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                   Air
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
 Global and Microenvironmental

 Indoor air research consists of development and testing of
 monitoring devices and the design and implementation of
 field studies to identify and quantitate pollutants indoors.
 This research supports investigation of pollutant sources,
 human exposures and health effects.
   Methods development research investigates monitoring
 devices for pollution monitoring levels in homes. Results
 are used to produce information regarding proper use
 (sample locations and sample times) and performance
 limitations of these devices. This research will continue to
 develop and test these devices, especially personal
 monitors, in other microenvironments (buildings, vehicles,
 etc.).
   A pilot study to investigate spatial and temporal
 variations in indoor air quality will be designed and
 implemented in conjunction with an intensive review of
 data needs. Based on these results, additional field studies
 will be conducted to increase our understanding about
 indoor air pollution.
   Research into global climate change will develop
 tropospheric chemistry models to predict the impact of
 changes in trace gases, temperature, and humidity in the
 troposphere on tropospheric ozone and  the hydroxyl
•radical.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL RTP
                   ADEMQA HQ

                   ASRL RTP
                Contact

                John Puzak
                Tony Janetos
                Lance Wallace
                Basil Dimitriades
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  1,302.2
    145.0

    160.0
  8
100

 38
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
 Global and Microenvironmental

 This research provides state-of-the-art information on the
 causes, biological effects and control strategies for
 stratospheric ozone depletion. The work should reliably
 quantify effects of gradually increasing ultra-violet B
 radiation which causes biological damage to agricultural
 productivity, marine and freshwater food chains for
 economically useful fish and to overall global climate.
 Field,  laboratory and modeling efforts addressing the
 biological effects of UV-B will concentrate on sensitive field
 crops,  and on dose responses to marine and fresh water
 food webs. The nature of UV-B damage to competitive

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                   Air
                   specie interactions and critical energy flow through the
                   ecosystems may be examined. Influence of UV-B on ozone
                   and its implications on ozone air quality attainment/non-
                   attainment need examination. These data are sought to
                   provide an authoritative scientific base for regulatory
                   decisions on stratospheric ozone protection.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/COR
                   AEERL/RTP
                   ASRL/RTP
                Contact

                Robert Lackey
                William Rhodes
                Basil Dimitriades
Total
Funds (Sk)

  985.4
  151.2
  160.0
Percent
In-House

   6.3
  33.8
  37.5
Health Effects
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Global and Microenvironmental

The goal of the indoor air health effects research program
is to determine whether exposure to indoor air pollution
contributes or leads to adverse health effects. Indoor air
often contains higher levels of pollutants than outdoor air.
Most individuals spend over 80% of their time indoors.
Sensitive populations, e.g., children and the elderly, may be
at higher risk from exposure to indoor air pollution.
Therefore, the exposure, dose, and effects from indoor air
pollution needs to be factored into the total assessment of
air pollution.
  The approach to study the effects of indoor air is broad.
Genetic bioassay studies of the combustion products from
indoor air sources including environmental tobacco smoke
will be conducted in chambers, test homes, and targeted
field studies to provide a comparative estimate of the
potential cancer risk from various sources. Human clinical
studies of volatile organic compounds will be conducted in
chambers to determine effects related to the "sick building
syndrome." Field and clinical studies will continue to
evaluate cotinine as a biochemical marker for nicotine.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              Richard Dickerson
              Donna Kuroda
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,600.0
Percent
In-House
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities

The engineering program for hazardous air pollutants
(HAP) is comprised of four parts: (1) to assess various
industrial and combustion sources of HAPs to determine
the magnitude of emissions and to assess the capability of
technologies to reduce or eliminate HAP emissions; (2) to
conduct source-related measurements and participate in the

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                   Air
                   management of the Agency's Integrated Air Cancer
                   Project; (3)'to assess the emissions from and controllability
                   of sources of non-radon indoor air pollutants; and (4) to
                   assess the emissions from and controllability of accidental
                   releases of high hazard chemicals.
                     Conventional devices for controlling paniculate and
                   VOC emissions will be evaluated for their effectiveness in
                   controlling specific HAPs from industrial and combustion
                   sources. Research will be continued on cleaner-burning
                   wood stoves, with inherently low emissions of HAPs, for
                   practical and energy-efficient residential use.
                     Field and laboratory  measurements of hazardous
                   substances, especially mutagenic substances from
                   residential wood stoves will  be made as part of the field
                   studies of the Integrated Air Cancer Project. Various
                   designs of catalyst-equipped and conventional stoves will
                   be tested.
                     Laboratory measurements of organic pollutants
                   emissions from unvented space heaters, building materials,
                   and consumer products will be continued from indoor air
                   quality projects initiated earlier. A computerized database
                   will be expanded on indoor  source emissions. Test house
                   studies of indoor sources will continue. Further work to
                   develop indoor air quality models is also planned.
                   Engineering evaluations will continue of air cleaners for
                   indoor particles and for indoor organics vapors.
                     The  issue of accidental releases will be addressed through
                   a study of hazard identification and evaluation techniques,
                   preparation of reference manuals for key hazard chemicals.
                   and technical support to regions and states to assist in
                   preventing such releases or reducing the hazards once such
                   a release has occurred.
                     In cooperation with the Office of Air Programs, an
                   outreach program, the Control Technology Center (CTC)
                   program aimed at assisting Regions, states and local
                   officials to deal with  HAP sources and controls will be
                   continued.

                   Office or                             Total       Percent
                   Laboratory      Contact              Funds (Sk)   In-House

                   AEERL/RTP     Robert Hangebrauck     3.207.6      53
                                   W. Gene Tucker
                   OEETD/HQ      Paul Shapiro            573.7      75
                                   Marshall Dick

                   Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities

Health Effects    The health research program in hazardous air pollutants
                   (HAPs) has three goals: to develop and validate techniques

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                    Air
                   to evaluate the toxic effects of HAPs, to produce dose-
                   response data on the toxic effects of HAPs, and to develop
                   methods which improve our ability to use toxicological data
                   in performing risk assessments.
                      EPA researchers will develop methods to provide data on
                   the genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of HAPs.
                   Emphasis of this research will be on the toxic components of
                   gaseous-aerosol complex mixtures and  source emissions.
                      Dose-response toxicological research data on the
                   mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and noncancerous end
                   points including neurotoxicity, physiological, and pulmonary
                   health effects of potential HAPs will be determined. These
                   HAPs will be selected based upon assessments  prepared by
                   the Office of Health and Assessment (OHEA) and research
                   needs identified by Office of Air Quality, Planning, and
                   Standards (OAQPS). The effects of selected chemicals
                   suspected of being hazardous to the nervous system will be
                   studied. The dose-exposure research will provide quantitative
                   information on the relationship between dose (body burden)
                   and human exposures to toxic pollutants.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    HERL/RTP
                    OHR/HQ
               Contact

               Richard Dickerson
               Donna Kuroda
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  5,753.2
66
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities

The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local levels
continues. EPA has developed monitoring stations to detect
and measure non-criteria pollutants in Boston, Chicago, and
Houston. These stations will function as a focal point for
development and evaluation of monitoring methods in
ambient air. Stationary source methods will be evaluated and
validated. Methods for asbestos, cadmium, nickel, dioxins,
and gaseous organics are needed. In addition, certain
advanced methods will be evaluated, including cryogenic
preconcentrations and gas chromatography/Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.
  To support quality assurance needs within the program,
reference samples will be developed and maintained,
guidelines for procedures will be developed, and laboratory
audits will be performed.
  A series of studies to monitor human exposure is being
carried out,  including the Integrated Air Cancer Project
(IACP) and the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM) studies. The IACP is studying wood smoke and

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                   Air
                   mobile source emissions. The TEAM studies deal with
                   human exposure to volatile organic compounds, pesticides.
                   and particulates.
                     In the Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF)
                   research program, laboratory and field studies will be
                   conducted to determine the atmospheric lifetimes and
                   transformation products of hazardous air pollutants; to
                   determine deposition and removal rates of hazardous
                   chemicals; and to identify the factors responsible for
                   concentration levels and spatial and temporal (i.e., seasonal)
                   variability of selected volatile organic compounds. Also,
                   research studies will examine the atmospheric chemical and
                   physical processes that are important in producing mutagenic
                   compounds in the atmosphere. The information obtained
                   from this program is used for preparing health assessment
                   documents to determine if chemicals in the atmosphere
                   present a hazard.

                   Office or                             Total        Percent
                   Laboratory       Contact             Funds ($k)   In-House

                   EMSL  RTP      John Clements          7,523.8      35
                                   Steve Bromberg
                   ASRL  RTP      Larry Cupitt           1,859.8      24
                     (CTF)
                   ADEMQA HQ   Deran Pashayan          20.0       0
                    (CTF)
                   ADEMQA HQ   Marvin W. Bloch        388.5       0

                   Hazardous A ir Pollutant Regulatory A ctivities

Scientific         Scientific assessments of HAPs evaluate pertinent research
Assessment       findings concerning the health effects of particular
                   substances emitted from restricted stationary sources and
                   or their transformation products, as well as background
                   information on physical and chemical properties, sources,
                   emissions, transport and transformation, and ambient
                   concentrations. Such assessments also evaluate chemical
                   compositions of fuel additives, diesel and gasoline exhausts,
                   information on actual human exposure to motor vehicle
                   pollutants, and evidence of resulting health effects.
                     The  Agency strategy for assessing the toxicity of various
                   chemical substances nominated by the Office of Air Quality
                   Planning and Standards consists of the following steps. The
                   first is the preparation of a summary health issue
                   assessment. This is an initial review of the scientific
                   literature concerning the most important health effects
                   associated with a given chemical or class of chemical
                   substances. If the evidence suggests there are significant
                   health effects associated with exposure to the substance(s)
                   reviewed, then a draft health assessment document is

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                    Air
Health Effects
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
                   developed for scientific review at a public workshop. If the
                   scientific peer review supports the conclusion that there are
                   significant health effects, then a comprehensive health
                   assessment is developed for public comment and Science
                   Advisory Board review prior to final publication.
                      In addition, during FY 88, the Scientific Assessment
                   Program will also provide direct assessment support to
                   Regions and States for Agency Air Toxics Strategy.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory
               Contact
                    ECAO/RTP   Lester Grant
Total
Funds ($k)

  3,365
 Percent
 In-House

  50
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities

The health effects program developed by the Health Effects
Research Laboratory in mobile sources develops and
validates techniques to produce dose-response data on the
toxic effects of carbon monoxide, and then use those
techniques to produce dose-response information.
  Clinical studies will be used to produce dose-response
data on the toxic effects of low-level exposure to CO. The
cardiac and respiratory effects of CO will be evaluated in
human studies, as well as methods to related ambient CO
levels to blood levels. Non-invasive techniques will be used
to measure the cardiac effects of CO exposure. In addition,
neurobehavioral effects of CO exposure will be evaluated.
This information will be used in performing health risk
assessments by the scientific assessment program.
  Extramural funding will also be provided to the Health
Effects Institute, sponsored jointly by EPA and the
automobile industry to perform research on the health
effects of pollutants related to mobile sources, i.e., diesel
emissions, NO2,  CO, Oa, and aldehydes.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              Richard Dickerson
              Donna Kuroda
Total
Funds (Sk)

  808.0
Percent
In-House

  26
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities

The purpose of the Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) portion of this program is to characterize the
emissions from motor vehicles using both traditional fuels
as well as alternative fuels, such  as methanol.
   Laboratory studies of the impact of low ambient
temperature on the emission rates of criteria and non-
criteria pollutants from light duty motor vehicles will

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Air
continue. Emphasis will be directed to the composition of
organic emissions. Studies of the relationship between fuel
composition, including gasoline and gasoline-alcohol
blends, and the composition and rate of tailpipe,
evaporative, and refueling emissions will continue. Other
programs will emphasize the development of analytical
procedures suitable for real-time measurement of motor
vehicle emissions. Procedures for determination of the
operating condition of motor vehicle emission control
devices will be evaluated.  Programs for examination,
development, and improvement of procedures for
apportionment of observed ambient pollution to motor
vehicles will  be conducted.
  Studies will  also be conducted to characterize organic
emissions from motor vehicles under widely variant
operating conditions, i.e.. temperature, speed, and fuels.
Emission rates of formaldehyde, benzene, paraffins,  and
other organic compounds of interest will  be determined.
  Research in the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of the program focuses on developing
methodology for determining exposures of the population
to mobile source pollutants. A general methodology has
been developed for measuring and modeling the exposures
of the population to carbon monoxide, and this
methodology has been successfully field tested. Future
research will extend this methodology to  other locations
and, where possible, to other mobile source air pollutants.
Detailed analyses of human exposure field data  collected in
selected highway microenvironments will be  undertaken to
develop improved commuter exposure models
incorporating traffic variables (roadway type, traffic count.
trip time, and seasonal characteristics). Data on human
activity patterns and time budgets will be further evaluated
for use in exposure models. Improved models of human
activity patterns and microenvironmental concentrations
will be developed and field tested. The Simulation of
Human Activities and Pollutant Exposure (SHAPE) model
will be modified and validated using field data from
another urban area. Additional testing of basic
assumptions incorporated in the NAAQS Exposure  Model
(NEM) will be undertaken. The purpose of the research will
be to improve the accuracy and reliability of the Agency's
exposure assessment methodology for mobile source
pollutants.

Office or                            Total        Percent
Laboratory       Contact             Funds (Sk)   In-Ho use

EMSL/RTP      Gerald Akland           486.2     5X
ADEMQA/HQ  Wayne Ott                0.0      0

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                    Air
Office or
Laboratory
ASRL/RTP
(CTF)
ADEMQA/HQ
(CTF)

Contact
Frank Black

William Keith

Total
Funds (Sk)
1,287.4

0.0

Percent
In-House
60

0

Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
National A mbientA ir Quality Standards (NAA QS)

The Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF) portion
of this program is responsible for conducting studies to
determine the air pollution and meteorological factors that
contribute to visibility reduction, and for developing
information on the effects of particles on materials. Light
extinction budget field studies will be performed to
determine the contribution of various types of fine particles
to visibility reduction and to determine the sources of the
particles. Laboratory and field studies will be  performed to
identify and determine the significance of the volatile
component. Visibility models will be developed.
   Research on the effects of particles on materials will
concentrate on the influence of particle size and
composition on the soiling of paint.
   Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
portion of this program, improved air pollution monitoring
methods are being developed to help determine air quality
trends, support compliance with standards, and meet
enforcement needs. The data from these methods are often
used as the basis for regulatory action. The areas
investigated include ambient methods development, quality
assurance guidelines and audit materials preparation.
   Ambient methods development will focus on measuring
particulate matter in support of anticipated changes to the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA
researchers will continue to analyze the mass and chemical
composition of the particulates collected through the
Inhalable Particulate Network. Also, fiber filters from the
national, state, and local air monitoring stations will be
analyzed for trace metals and benzo-a-pyrene.
   Quality Assurance support will be provided through a
standard laboratory and repository of quality assurance
materials. Routine and special audits will be conducted at
laboratories making ambient measurements and at
compressed gas vendors. QA guidelines, handbooks, data
handling systems and a precision and accuracy reporting
system will be maintained and updated. QA procedures,
materials, and audit techniques will be developed for
compliance monitoring.
                                     10

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                   Air
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds (Sk)
Percent
In-House
                   EMSL/RTP     John Piuak            3.145.1       57
                   EMSL/LV       James McElroy          339.1       100
                   ADEMQA/HQ   Marvin W. Bloch         170.0      100
                   ASRL/RTP     Al Ellison               335.5      27
                   (CTF)
                   ADEMQA/HQ   William Keith             0.0       0
                   National A mbientAir Quality Standards (NAA QS)

Health Effects    This research program has three major goals: (I) to provide
                   data on health effects of exposures to Oa, NOa, sulfur
                   oxides, particles, and lead using both human and animal
                   studies; (2) to provide better models to extrapolate animal
                   data to human effects; and (3) to develop improved test
                   methods for research into the physiological responses of
                   humans to the primary air pollutants.
                     Health Effects Research is conducted to refine and
                   improve the toxicological data base relevant to criteria
                   pollutants. Both human  and animal-dose response studies,
                   as well as mathematical modeling, will be given special
                   attention to determine the deposition, clearance, and
                   pulmonary function effects  of particles, alone and in
                   combination with ozone, NOa and SOa.
                     The neurological consequences of lead, especially at
                   levels previously considered to be safe in children will be
                   studied epidemiologically, supplemented with animal
                   studies where needed. Research will also be done to
                   improve the models used to extrapolate animal biochemical
                   and metabolic responses to  human effects. Both human and
                   animal experiments will  provide data on the functional,
                   morphological, and biochemical changes which occur
                   following exposures to the primary air pollutants, and
                   provide extrapolation techniques to predict human
                   pulmonary and morphological responses to gases and
                   particles.
                     Animal, human  clinical, and epidemiology studies will
                   provide data to determine the extent to which the primary
                   air pollutants cause or exacerbate the development of non-
                   carcinogenic chronic disease. Biological endpoints to be
                   examined include development of cardiovascular or
                   pulmonary disease, aggravation of existing conditions,
                   changes in biochemistry  and host defense mechanisms, and
                   changes in pulmonary structure or function. Emphasis is
                   currently placed on determining the acute and chronic
                   effects of Oa and NOa inhalation.

                                    II

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                   Air
                     The heath effects data from this research program are
                   incorporated into EPA criteria documents which are used
                   to set and revise National Ambient Air Quality Standards
                   (NAAQS).
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              Richard Dickerson
              Frode Ulvedal
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  12,849.3
  33
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
National A mbientAir Quality Standards (NAA QS)

This research provides scientific support of NAAQS by
determining ozone impacts on crops due to varying ozone
exposure patterns and in forest systems of economic or
ecological value. With its economic emphasis, this work
uses empirical methods to build observational data to show
ozone impacts. Data is needed to evaluate effects of air
quality standards set on crop and forest exposure patterns
to show highest allowable ozone levels with least damage,
and data is needed to set control options and compliance
monitoring. Several remaining uncertainties for crops need
resolution, such as crop coverage and exposure dynamics.
In addition, process directed studies to develop conceptual
or predictive models to define multiple interactions between
levels of various climate stress factors, which include
natural scientific explanation for crop and forest response,
are needed. Field validated models will be used to predict
yield effects. Due to on-going crop breeding programs,
research will be planned to study heritability  of crop ozone
sensitivity.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/COR
                   OEPER/HQ
              Contact

              Dave Tingey
              Kenneth Hood
Total
Funds(Sk)

  2,375.6
    120.7
Percent
In-House

  30.3
  20.4
                  National A mbientA ir Quality Standards (NAA QS)

Scientific        The main objective of the NAAQS scientific assessment
Assessment      program is to review and revise criteria documents for
                  sulfur oxides, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone
                  and other photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide and
                  lead.
                     Criteria documents are mandated by the Clean Air Act
                  and, as directed by the Act, are revised at 5-year intervals.
                                    12

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                   Air
                   These documents are evaluations of the available scientific
                   information on the health and welfare effects of criteria
                   pollutants. As such, criteria documents are the primary
                   source of information used by EPA regulatory decision
                   makers in setting or revising the NAAQS.
                     Criteria document draft materials are developed by EPA
                   scientists and outside expert consultants and are peer-
                   reviewed by scientific experts in public workshops.
                   Subsequently, the document drafts are revised and, through
                   announcements in the Federal Register, the public is
                   invited  to comment on the resulting external review drafts,
                   which are also reviewed in public meetings by the Clean Air
                   Scientific Advisory Committee of EPA's Science Advisory
                   Board.  The final documents are submitted to the Clean Air
                   Docket and are published concurrently with the proposed
                   regulatory decisions.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ECAO RTF
              Contact

              Lester Grant
Total       Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
  1.609
55
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans

Air quality models predicting the air quality impacts
associated with pollution abatement strategies are used in
the evaluation and development  of State Implementation
Plans for the control of photochemical oxidants and gases
and particles.
  The Characterization, Transport, and Fate (CTF)
portion of this program is responsible for the conduct ot air
quality modeling and laboratory studies to develop  a single.
defensible chemical mechanism module for use in ozone air
quality simulation models. A regional ozone air quality
model is being developed for use in secondary ozone air
quality standard development and to provide a simpler
regional ozone model. Models will be used to assess the air
quality impacts associated with various control strategy
scenarios.
  Field and laboratory studies to further develop and test
different Source Apportionment Methods (SAMs) are
underway and will evaluate hybrid (chemical composition
and meteorology) SAMs for apportionment of regional
aerosols. In anticipation of a revised paniculate air  quality
standard based on inhalable particulates, field, smog
chamber, wind tunnel, water channel, and laboratory
studies are being used to develop and evaluate chemistry
and dispersion components of urban scale paniculate air
                                    13

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                   Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
                  quality models. Research is continuing to develop a first
                  generation regional particulate air quality model (RPM).
                  Cooperative transport and fate studies with the Peoples
                  Republic of China will continue. The  User's Network for
                  Applied Modeling of Air Pollution (UNAMAP) program is
                  continuing to evaluate models to prepare computer
                  programs for new versions of UNAMAP, prepare user's
                  guides and supplements, and provide modeling
                  consultation to users. Field, wind tunnel, and modeling
                  studies are being used to develop the first generation SOa
                  Complex Terrain Dispersion Model. Fluid modeling
                  studies are being conducted on the flow in the wake of
                  buildings.
                    Additional research activities in the Monitoring Systems
                  and Quality Assurance area emphasize the development of
                  monitoring methods and provision of quality assurance
                  samples and support. EPA's monitoring methodologies for
                  source air pollutants will include evaluation, methods
                  improvement, preparation of operating guidance and
                  manuals for developed and commercial monitoring
                  instruments. Quality Assurance for the source monitoring
                  program is  essential to ensuring that the data of known
                  accuracy and precision are used for regulatory and
                  enforcement decisions. Reference samples will be provided
                  and audits of laboratories making source measurements
                  will be continued.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  EMSL RTF
                  EMSL/LV
                  ADEMQA/HQ
                  ASRL/RTP
                   (CTF)
                  ADEMQA/HQ
                   (CTF)
               Contact

               John Puzak
               James McElroy
               Marvin W. Bloch
               Al Ellison

               William Keith
               Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)

  1,025.0
   471.0
     0.0
  7,027.9

   248.4
Percent
In-House

  42
  68
   0
  30

  76
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans

Research in this program supports the development of New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and State
Implementation Plans by aiding in the development of
pollutant control technology which is cost-effective and
energy-efficient. The focus of the research is on the
reduction of VOC, NOX, SO* emissions.
  Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a major cause
of non-attainment of photochemical oxidant National
Ambient Air Quality Standards. Extramural research will
                                    14

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                   Air
                   evaluate VOC abatement technology such as adsorption.
                   thermal oxidation, and catalytic oxidation. Of particular
                   interest will be effective and affordable control methods for
                   small VOC-emitting industries.
                     Combustion modification methods of controlling NO,
                   and other emissions will be evaluated to determine
                   combustion modification (CM) methods for reducing NO,
                   emissions and improving the performance of utility and
                   industrial boilers. Prior research has proven the CM
                   methods can be effective for control of NO, as well as other
                   emissions, if each method is tailored to the characteristics
                   of the specific combustion equipment (e.g., stoker or
                   package boilers, coal or oil burners, and internal
                   combustion engines or gas turbines). Research will evaluate
                   an in-furnace NO, reduction technique called reburning
                   which involves injection of fuel downstream of the primary
                   combustion zone. In-house reburning experiments on pilot-
                   scale combustors will be continued and field test projects in
                   a full-scale coal-fired utility boiler will be started. In-house
                   tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems for
                   internal combustion engines will be completed.
                     Existing technology to control gaseous and paniculate
                   pollutants is expensive. For new utility sources,
                   approximately 30^ of boiler costs are attributable to air
                   pollution control. Design and performance data for low
                   costs, high-reliability emission reduction technology are
                   needed to support the Agency's regulatory functions.
                   Technical support to regulated entities will be provided by
                   conducting assessments and fundamental research on
                   technologies for reduction of stack emissions of sulfur
                   dioxide (SOX).
                     SO, emissions reduction technology research includes:
                   In-house  pilot efforts will emphasize evaluation of low cost,
                   more active sorbents and additives for spray drying and
                   other dry scrubbing systems. A joint EPA EPRI
                   symposium on SOX emission reduction via flue gas cleanup
                   will be planned.

                   Office or                            Total       Percent
                   Laboratory       Contact             Funds (Sk)   In-House

                   AEERL RTF     Everett Plyer            1,661.1      53
                                   Robert Hangebrauck
                                   Jim Abbott
                   OEETD HQ      Marshall Dick            57.7       0

                   Indoor A ir Pollution A ctivities

Scientific         EPA's indoor air program is geared toward identification,
Assessment       characterization, and ranking of indoor air problems and

                                     15

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Air
assessment and implementation of appropriate mitigation
strategies. EPA's research and analytical activities will
pursue both source-specific and generic approaches to
indoor air pollution. From a source-specific standpoint, the
Agency will  identify high-risk pollutant sources and
characterize the exposures and  health risks of various
populations to those sources. At the same time the Agency
will also pursue broad, cross-cutting strategies aimed at
assessing the total exposure of people to indoor air
pollutants and developing mitigation strategies that can
address multiple pollutants simultaneously through
improved building design and management techniques.
  Activities  in FY88 in the area of scientific assessment will
include updating and revising the Indoor Air Pollution
Information Assessment and the Indoor Air Reference
Data Base, determining the extent of population exposure
to indoor air pollutants,  developing biological contaminant
measurement methods, and a survey of biological
contaminants for baseline data.

Office or                             Total       Percent
Laboratory       Contact              Funds (Sk)  In-House

ECAO/RTP      Mike Berry             180         100
                  16

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Health Effects
Scientific
Assessment
                  Drinking Water
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants

This research program provides dose-response data on
organic, inorganic, and microbiological contaminants. It
provides information on the best methods to obtain that
data, and information on the interpretation of toxicological
data to reduce uncertainty in risk assessment.
  Selected contaminants will be evaluated to assist in
setting maximum contaminant levels or developing health
advisories. Increasing emphasis will be on determining the
health effects of exposure to disinfectants and their by-
products. Work will be done to improve methods for
extrapolating health effects research data in order to assess
the risks associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple
chemicals in binary and complex mixtures. Focus will also
be on concentrating, isolating, and identifying infectious
disease agents in drinking water. Epidemiology studies on
the relationship between disinfectants and cardiovascular
disease and another study designed  to determine the
significance of low-levels of viruses to human health  are
underway.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL C1N
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              Lyman Condie
              David Kleffman
Total
Funds (Sk)

  9,249.1
Percent
In-Ho use

  37
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants

Revision of national drinking water regulations and health
advisory guidance given to the states requires an assessment
of the potential hazard to human health from exposure to
chemicals in drinking water. The health assessment
documents prepared under this program take the form of
both criteria documents and health advisories. These
documents are assessments of the health effects of exposure
to contaminants in drinking water. They specifically
evaluate the relevant scientific data describing the physical
and chemical properties, the pharmacokinetics, the health
effects in animals and humans, and the mechanisms of
toxicity. The health assessments are prepared for various
chemicals as requested by EPA's Office of Drinking Water
(ODW). This risk assessment process enables ODW to
establish a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG).
representing a level designated to preclude the risk of an
adverse effect on human health.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
              Contact
Total
Funds(Sk)
                   ECAO/CIN    Cynthia Sonich-Mullin     712

                                    17
Percent
In-House

  5K

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                   Drinking  Water
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Groundwater Research

This program will provide development of methods for
locating abandoned wells, develop geophysical methods to
detect and evaluate underground movement of fluids from
injection wells and evaluate existing instruments and
conduct research to develop new and advanced  fiber optic
techniques for monitoring ground water. The program will
also investigate the effects of seasonal variability on
monitoring well network design(s). In addition, accurate
and reliable total measurement systems will  be developed
through standardized methods, laboratory evaluation, and
quality control procedures.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/LV
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Robert Snelling
                Vernon J. Laurie
Total
Funds (Sk)

  934.6
   31.8
Percent
In-House

  35
  85
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Ground Water

Ground water is a major source of drinking water for the
nation. This research program provides both technical
information and improved methods for predicting
contamination movement and transformation. The research
focuses on methods development for and studies of
subsurface transport and fate processes such as biological
transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and ion
exchange. Facilitated transport research will address
complex mixture processes such  as multiphase transport
and solvent composition effects on sorption. In addition,
micelle- and DOC/colloid-aided transport will be
addressed. The results of the research will allow better
human exposure assessments from ground-water
contamination.
   Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of in-situ
aquifer restoration techniques will potentially lead to
cleanup where previously the cost was prohibitive.
Promising laboratory techniques will be evaluated on
actual contamination incidents.
   Field evaluation of techniques for determining the
mechanical integrity and adequacy of construction of
injection wells will occur. Work to develop technological
alternatives for  regulating Class  V wells will begin.
Methods will be developed for risk assessments in wellhead
protection areas, and technical transfer activities associated
with this and other programs will be emphasized.
                                     18

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                  Drinking Water
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Office or
Laboratory
RSK.ERL/ADA
OEPER/HQ
Contact
George Keeler
Steve Cordle
Total
Funds (Sk)
4.493.3
409.0
Percent
In- House
33
44
Drinking Water Technology

This program will provide support for the Agency-wide
mandatory quality assurance program. The ten regional
laboratories will be evaluated annually in support of the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
monitoring certification program. This program will also
conduct methods development research and provide
analytical procedures to produce precise and accurate total
measurement systems for chemical, radiochemical and
microbiological analysis. It will provide technically  and
economically feasible analytical procedures to monitor
contaminants for use by the Agency, States, municipalities.
and operators of public drinking water systems.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL.CIN
                   EMSL LV
                   ADEMQA HQ
                Contact

                Robert Booth
                Robert Spelling
                Vernon Laurie
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1.436.3
   329.X
    64.1
Percent
In-House

  45
  95
  95
Drinking Water Technology

To support revision of the national drinking water
standards, this program provides data on the technologies
available, what they can attain in terms of drinking water
quality, and what they cost. Focus is on removal of volatile
organic compounds, organics responsible for formation of
trihalomethanes, inorganic and microbiological
contaminants and on problems related to maintaining
water quality in distribution systems. Emphasis will be on
developing cost information for treatment processes and
for entire water systems Evaluation will also be made of
the tradeoffs in planning for rehabilitation of older  water
systems. In addition, efforts will be made to address the
problems of small utilities and to assist the states and
municipalities in complying with maximum contaminant
levels.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  WERL CIN
                  OEETD HQ
               Contact

               Robert Clark
               Bala Krishnan
Total
Funds (Sk)

  5.396.0
     0.0
Percent
In-House

  68
   0
                                   19

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                   Water  Quality
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting

The monitoring research program develops chemical,
physical, and biological methods for measuring site-specific
and ambient water pollution concentrations. Most of this
research is conducted in-house at EMSL-Cincinnati with a
small portion being conducted at EMSL-LV.
  Research emphasizes new measurement method
standardization and development of quality assurance
support such as guidelines, calibration materials, and
performance audits. Additionally, research seeks to extend
the sensitivity of chemical methods for measuring toxic
metals  in water. Research on biological monitoring
methods also includes developing methods which screen
toxic concentrations of pollutants in ambient waters, rather
than identify specific substances. Quality assurance
procedures for chronic and acute toxicological effects
monitoring, standardization of microbial, viral sampling,
and analysis methods are provided. Virus sample
preservation and assay protocols will be standardized.
Research on physical measurement methods concentrates
on documenting the validity and accuracy of sampling
regimes and flow-sensing equipment. The quality assurance
program which provides quality control calibration
materials and procedures for standardization of chemical
and biological analysis also conducts two audits of
analytical methods performance yearly.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL-CIN
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Cornelius Weber
                James Lichtenberg
                John Winter
                Charles Plost
Total       Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
  2,027.5
    90.5
99
89
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting

A water quality-based approach to pollution control
provides for correction of ambient water quality problems
that remain after mandated pollution control technology
(e.g., secondary treatment, effluent guidelines) is in place.
This requires the ability to translate water quality standards
into specific effluent conditions and discharge limitations
for municipalities and industries. Research will be
undertaken to provide the necessary information and
scientific tools, including: water quality criteria,
development modification protocols; contaminated
sediment assessment techniques; wasteload allocation
                                    20

-------
                   Water  Quality
                   techniques: complex effluent testing procedures; and
                   ecoregion and use attainability analyses.  Research on the
                   water quality functions of wetlands, and  cumulative effects
                   of wetlands loss and the impacts of mitigation of wetlands
                   will also be conducted.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL ATM
                   ERL COR
                   ERL DDL
                   ERL NARR
                   OEPER HQ
                Contact

                Robert Swank
                Spencer Peterson
                Nelson Thomas
                Norbert Jaworski
                Chieh Wu
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1.190
  1.055
  2.570
  1.255
   600
Percent
In-House

  51
  53
  89
  82
  90
Health Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting

Investigators will field validate short-term tests for
carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductive effects to
determine whether or not a site receiving a large number of
chemical contaminants into ambient waters is a public
health risk. Health effect indicators for shellfish growing
waters, are being developed. The results  of these studies
will be used to revise and update water quality criteria and
NPDES permits.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL CIN
                   OHR HQ
              Contact

              Lyman Condie
              David Kleffman
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1.636.9
Percent
In-House

  26
                   Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting

Scientific         EPA's overall research program with regard to water
Assessment       quality emphasizes development of the scientific and
                   technical base to help states develop site-specific standards
                   and to conduct use-attainability analyses. The scientific
                   assessment program will provide guidance for assessing the
                   risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic chemicals, and
                   evaluate site-specific health hazards as required by the
                   states and EPA. As a part of their effort, EPA develops
                   documentation for the specific risk assessments.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
              Contact
                   ECAO/CIN    Cynthia Sonich-Mullin

                                    21
Total
Funds (Sk)

  221
Percent
In-House

  68

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                   Water  Quality
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology

Research will support the Agency in the implementation of
technology-based effluent limitation regulations and the
modification of enforcement activities as required by water
quality-based permit adjustments. Methods standardization
research will be directed to the improvement of precision,
accuracy, and method detection limit of existing regulated
organic contaminants. Research will also validate and
correct analytical methods for the analysis of high priority
industrial wastewater components as well as evaluate
alternative analytical methods to support the National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
program.
  Quality Assurance activities include conducting both the
target survey and full audit of some 7,000 major NPDES
permittees for the annual Discharge Monitoring Report
Quality Assurance (DMRQA) study; maintenance of a
repository for distribution of calibration, quality control,
and performance evaluation samples; and the conduct of
performance evaluation studies. The research program will
support NPDES quality assurance  by providing quality
control samples and protocols and  by maintaining the
standards repository, including auditing monitoring
systems data reliability, DMRQA and documentation of its
precision and accuracy.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
                Contact
                   EMSL/CIN      James Lichtenberg
                                  John Winter
                   ADEMQA/HQ   Charles Plost
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,087.9

    112.6
Percent
In-House

  100

  100
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
 Wastewater Treatment Technology

 The wastewater technology research program provides the
 technical information and engineering assistance needed to
 develop and implement the regulations and guidance for
 disposal of sludge and control of pollution from municipal
 treatment plants to bring plants into compliance with state
 discharge permits. This program also provides the research
 in industrial wastewater characterization and conl.ro!
 technology needed to support the National Pollutant
 Discharge Elimination System. The program focuses on
 toxicity reduction evaluations to support the development
 of water quality-based permit limitations in  municipal
 wastewaters, and BCT and BAT limitations in industrial
                                    22

-------
                   Water Quality
                   wastewaters. Design, cost and performance information for
                   sludge stabilization, pathogen reduction, and dewatering
                   processes will be provided to support sludge regulation
                   development and implementation. Focus is also on
                   supporting the Innovative/Alternative technology program
                   by evaluating and transferring information on emerging
                   technologies, and by identifying the candidate facilities for
                   potential 100% modification/replacement costs.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   WERL/CIN

                   OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                John Convery
                Alden Christianson
                Don Tang
 Total
 Funds (Sk)

  6,582.4
    759.3
     0.0
 Percent
 In-House

  40
  45
   0
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
 Wastewater Treatment Technology

This research will identify and determine distribution of
unlisted chemicals in industrial wastewaters. Compounds
that can be identified by empirical mass spectra matching
as well as those that elude identification by this technique
will be included.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL ATM
                   OEPER  HQ
                Contact

                William Donaldson
                Chieh Wu
Total
Funds (Sk)

  550
   30
Percent
In-House

  5K
   0
Health
Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology

Health effects research focuses on human health aspects of
municipal sludge disposal. The data from these studies are
used by the Agency for formulation of regulations, permits,
and guidelines under the Clean Water Act. One emphasis,
at present, is on land use and disposal of municipal sludges
which requires careful assessment of the effects on human
health of exposure to pollutants contained in the sludges.
Research will focus on the fate of pathogenic organisms,
particularly parasites and viruses, and on toxic risks of
heavy metals and organic chemicals. A critical aspect of
human exposure to municipal sludges is the potential close
human contact from sludge distribution and marketing
systems. Studies of the occurrence of pathogens and
chemicals in these systems will be completed. Information
from these studies will be part of a determination of the
risks to the human population from sludge distribution and
marketing.
                                    23

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                   Water  Quality
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/CIN
OHR/HQ

Contact
Bernie Daniel
David Kleffman
Total
Funds (Sk)
1,324.4

Percent
In-House
91

                   Wastewater Treatment Technology

Scientific         The scientific assessment program provides risk assessment
Assessment       methodologies for chemicals and pathogens in support of
                   regulatory decision making on the use and disposal of
                   municipal sludge. Numerical criteria and/or management
                   practices for pollutants in sludge are developed based on
                   the risk assessment methodologies. The use and disposal
                   options are  landfilling, land application (including
                   distribution and marketing), incineration and ocean
                   disposal.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
              Contact
Total
Funds (Sk)
                   ECAO/CIN    Cynthia Sonich-Mullin    417
Percent
In-House

  25
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes

This program has three components: ocean disposal,
coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
  To support ocean disposal permit decisions, there is a
need to provide decision makers with rationale and
procedures which are scientifically sound. These should
provide guidance for the acquisition of information and the
interpretation of this information in order to support ocean
disposal permit decisions. Under the ocean disposal
research program, emphasis will be given to the
development and testing of procedures to better  evaluate
the impacts of ocean disposal actions; development of
procedures to satisfy monitoring needs for permit,
surveillance, and hazard assessment application; and
development of procedures for predicting the
bioaccumulation of contaminants and evaluation of the
significance of bioaccumulation processes, resultant tissue
residues and biological effects.
  Methods for better source control decisions in the
NPDES and construction grants program are needed for
estuaries and near coastal water. The research program is
developing generic procedures for conducting wasteload
allocations. These generic methods are being developed
using data intensive case studies.
                                    24

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Water Quality
  The Great Lakes research program will measure, describe
and predict the distribution, movement, fate, and effects of
toxic substances in nearshore "areas of concern" identified
by the US Canada Water Quality Agreement. Emphasis
will be given to problems involving in-place pollutants and
mass balance modeling. This  program will also provide the
International Joint Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes
National Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and
Great Lakes states with technical support and  research data
synthesis related to activities under the US Canada Water
Quality  Agreement.

Office or                            Total       Percent
Laboratory       Contact             Funds (Sk)  In-House

ERL NARR     Norbert Jaworski       3.570       51
ERL GB        Rod Parish             250       76
ERL DUL       GilVeith              1.920       23
OEPER  HQ     Sam Williams           430       77
                  25

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                   Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Alternate Technologies

The treatment program examines both existing and
emerging alternative techniques for treating or detoxifying
hazardous materials. Emphasis continues to be placed on
those waste streams which will be banned from land
disposal facilities.
  Research is being conducted to evaluate  in-situ methods
for the destruction/detoxification/containment of dioxins/
furans and pollutants related to the production dioxins and
similar toxicants. Major investigation will involve the
accelerated evaluation of the mobile incinerator and
destruction tests of potassium polyethylene glycolates
(KPEG) on wood treating wastes. The purpose of this
research is to determine the economic viability of the
technique and to establish: (a) test burn protocols; (b)
health and safety protocol; (c) site-specific, risk assessment
protocol; (d) an economic model for estimating the cost of
treatment per unit of material processed; and (e) national
and state permit protocol.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HWERL/CIN
                   OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                C. Dial
                A. Klee
                I. Wilder
                P. E. des Hosiers
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  5,604.7
   314.1
 29
100
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Dioxin

The research is designed to provide techniques and
necessary data for predicting the rate and extent of
movement and transformation of 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and selected
isomers in soils and ground waters. Also, the bioavailability
of dioxins is evaluated and the potential for uptake of
dioxins by plants, fish, and large animals is determined for
defining the potential biomagnification in food chain
systems.
   ERL/Athens is evaluating the photodegradation of
2,3,7,8-TCDD in soils. RSK.ERL/ Ada is determining the
transport, fate, and biotransformation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
and isomers in soils. ERL/Duluth is studying the
bioavailability to fish of dioxin and selected isomers from
contaminated sediments, while the program at ERL/
Corvallis deals with comparative plant uptake kinetics and
the potential bioaccumulation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from
contaminated soils in large animals.
                  26

-------
                   Hazardous Waste
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/ATH
                   RSKERL ADA
                   ERL/DUL
                   ERL/COR
                Contact

                Rosemarie C. Russo
                Harold G. Keeler
                Philip M. Cook
                Harold Kibby
Total
Funds (Sk)

   50.0
  146.5
  271.2
   70.K
Percent
In-House

   0
  59
   8
  58
Health Effects
Dioxin

The purpose of the dioxin health research program is to
provide improved methodologies and assessments for
prediction of toxicity and exposure to halogenated dioxins.
furans, and related compounds. Tetrachlorodiben/odioxin
(TCDD) and some of its presently uncharacterized
congeners are among the most highly toxic compounds.
This research program is designed to improve the scientific
methodology for detection of these toxins and
characterization of their effects. Specific areas of research
are the investigation of the effects of polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans on the immune system
and serum chloresterol. In addition, the structure-activity
relationship of various congeners to specific biological
activity will be determined.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL  RTF
                   OHR HQ
              Contact

              Richard Phillips
              Randall Bond
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  100.0
  0
                   Dioxin

Scientific         This program supports the activities of the Agency's dioxin
Assessment       program through research designed to fill gaps in the
                   Agency's information base on dioxin in order to reduce the
                   uncertainties in dioxin risk assessments. The specific
                   projects include analysis of soil ingestion patterns in
                   children, and investigation of the pharmacokinetics of
                   2,3,7,8-TCDD in rhesus monkeys as a model for
                   pharmacokinetics in humans.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
              Contact
                   OHEA HQ    Alan Ehrlich
Total
Funds (Sk)

  318
Percent
In-House
                                    27

-------
                   Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration

Incineration research focuses on four areas: characterizing
performance of existing thermal destruction technologies;
developing methods of rapid cost-effective compliance
monitoring of these facilities; characterizing the products of
incomplete combustion and their formation conditions; and
developing methods to predict performance to avoid
process failure and control process reliability. The research
is conducted at  laboratory and pilot-scale facilities in
Cincinnati, Research Triangle Park, and Jefferson,
Arkansas. The hypotheses from this program are verified in
full-scale field tests. The program examines conventional
incineration as well as high temperature industrial
processes.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HWERL/CIN
                   OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                E. Oppelt
                K. Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)

  2,328.7
    118.9
Percent
In-House

   31.2
  100.0
Health Effects
Incineration

The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects of
emissions and residues from hazardous waste incineration
(HWI) and municipal waste combustion (MWC) will focus
on the following objectives: Perform a comparative
assessment of the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the
products of incomplete combustion (PICs) from HWI in
comparison to MWC and other industrial and residential
combustion sources. Identify the principal mutagenic/
carcinogenic chemicals in HWI and MWC emissions by
using bioassay-directed chemical characterization.
Determine the relationship between exposure, tissue dose
and target cell (DNA) dosimetry for the purpose of
providing data needed for risk assessment. Support the
evaluation of engineering and control technology
parameters by using short-term bioassays in the evaluation
of these parameters to determine operational conditions
which will minimize risk. Provide a comparative assessment
of waste disposal alternatives. Evaluate the  toxicity of HWI
and MWC emissions, collected after dilution, in in vitro
target cell bioassays and short-term in vivo  assays. Evaluate
the inhalation toxicology of HWI/MWC whole emissions
after dilution using the EPA exposure chambers in
connection with pilot scale incinerators.
                                    28

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                   Hazardous  Waste
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL
                   OHR HQ
              Contact

              Joellen Lewtas
              Randall Bond
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  1.050.0
              10
                  Incineration

Scientific         As incineration is being proposed, and used, to treat
Assessment       municipal wastes, it is essential to develop the appropriate
                   methods for assessing the risks resulting from use of
                   incineration itself and assessing the risks remaining after
                   the waste has been burned. A comprehensive risk
                   assessment methodology for municipal waste incineration is
                   being developed in this program and will also be applied to
                   specific situations.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ECAO/C1N
              Contact

              Larry Fradkin
Total
Funds (Sk)

  357
           Percent
           In-House
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal

With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay liners will
be studied and the effectiveness of alternative closure and
monitoring procedures for surface impoundments will be
investigated. Technical Resource Documents will be
updated for use by regional and state agencies for
permitting hazardous waste disposal facilities and for
enforcing applicable regulations. This program will update
documents for disposal facility design, operation,
maintenance, and closure.
   Research is also being conducted  to characterize air
emissions from hazardous waste treatment, storage, and
disposal facilities and to  assess methods to control them.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HWERL/CIN
                   OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                N. Schomaker
                K. Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)

  2.425.6
    127.4
           Percent
           In-House

              2K
              100
                                     29

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                   Hazardous Waste
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance

To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, QC samples will be
provided to USEPA contractor, state, and local
laboratories conducting RCRA monitoring. Calibration
standards will be provided for Appendix IX compounds to
USEPA contractor, state, and local laboratories. Natural
matrix, liquid and solid performance evaluation samples
will be developed and distributed to RCRA contractors,
EPA, and state laboratories conducting RCRA hazardous
waste analyses. Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels encountered
in the environment will be developed. Statistical data on
the laboratory evaluations will be reported to the Office of
Solid Waste. Referee laboratory analyses on all RCRA
samples will be conducted. NBS traceability for PE, QC,
and method validation study samples prepared for RCRA
monitoring activities will be provided.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/CIN
                   EMSL/LV
                   EMSL/RTP
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Thomas Clark
                Robert Snelling
                Jack Puzak
                John Koutsandreas
Total
Funds (Sk)

  616.5
  662.8
  175.3
   69.3
Percent
In-House

  15
  30
  50
  10
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Releases

In order to determine whether underground storage tanks
(UST) containing hazardous materials are leaking, an
evaluation of basic leak detection monitoring methods for
outside an UST will be conducted. This will include: the
establishment of candidate performance criteria for several
classes of techniques; the development of a test protocol for
determination of the performance criteria; and testing of
the "most promising" leak detection methods to validate
the test procedure and to establish that instrumentation
presently exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
   Network design for the placement of leak detection
sensors will focus on the excavation zone around tanks
with emphasis on vapor monitoring. However, monitoring
in the saturated zone and in native soils will also be
considered. Field measurements will be conducted and
existing private and local/state experiences with leak
detection will be investigated. Technical guidance will use a
                                    30

-------
                   Hazardous  Waste
                   panel of experts to develop a "decision tree" approach to
                   provide guidance for the many and varied sites throughout
                   the country. New technologies for leak detection
                   monitoring, such as fiber optics and geochemical sensors.
                   will be evaluated.
                     The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates that Spill
                   Prevention Control and Countermeasure plans be prepared
                   for all facilities engaged in the production, storage,
                   processing, and distribution of hazardous materials. EPA
                   regional offices are responsible for ensuring compliance.
                   The ADEMQA provides remote sensing techniques for
                   monitoring. Support will be provided to the Regions for
                   the development and revision of monitoring techniques.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/LV
                   ADEMQA HQ
                Contact

                Robert Snelling
                John Koutsandreas
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,414.7
     0.0
Percent
In-House

  30
   0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases

Underground storage tank (UST) research is evaluating
prevention, detection, and corrective action technologies to
identify cost-effective, reliable techniques and equipment
for USTs. Early work is producing state-of-the-art
documents for each type of technology. The primary focus
of ongoing work is the evaluation of leak detection
technologies at a test apparatus in Edison,  NJ, and the
targeting of high potential technologies for improved
performance. Best engineering practices for leak
prevention, the detection of leaks, and site  cleanup will be
documented.
  To provide technical support in preventing and
containing hazardous spiUs, reports will be issued
summarizing research on the  evaluation of specialized
equipment and techniques for prevention, control, removal,
and disposal of hazardous releases.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HWERL CIN
                   OEETD HQ
                Contact

                J. Farlow
                D. Berg
                1C. Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)

  2,328.7
    118.9
Percent
In-House

   31
  100
                                    31

-------
                   Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
Releases

Within this activity, research is conducted to address
evaluation of assessment and cleanup techniques for
unplanned releases of hazardous wastes. This includes the
development and evaluation of a multiple bioassay
screening protocol to indicate the biological hazard
associated with contaminated soils, water, and sediment;
and the determination of the applicability and cost-
effectiveness of in-situ reclamation techniques for
unsaturated-zone and ground-water contamination
resulting from leaking underground storage tanks and
other hazardous waste sources.
  ERL/Corvallis  has developed and is now testing and
field evaluating a multimedia, multiorganism bioassay
designed to indicate whether the toxicants in contaminated
water, soil, and sediments are biologically available and if
the level of bioavailability poses a significant risk to
exposed organisms in the environment. At RSKERL/Ada,
coordinated laboratory and field tests of biological,
physical, and chemical methods, previously tried at
hazardous waste sites, are being conducted to determine
their cost and applicability to cleanup of pollutants from
leaking underground storage tanks.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
                Contact
                   ERL/COR      Spencer A. Peterson
                   RSKERL/ADA  Harold G. Keeler
Total
Funds (Sk)

  163.1
  235.9
Percent
In-House

  100
   55
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
 Waste Characterization

 Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-effective
 manner requires methods and data for predicting toxicity
 of waste materials and evaluating the concentrations of
 these materials at some point of exposure, and then
 integrating these methods for different media into single
 evaluation techniques which incorporate uncertainty into
 the predictions.
  ERL/Duluth is developing methods and data for rapidly
 predicting the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of
 wastes, waste streams, and leachates on the basis of
 quantitative chemical structure-activity relationships. This
 is achieved by linking chemical molecular descriptors with
 known toxicities of single chemicals and chemical classes,
 developing a model to predict toxicity of chemical mixtures
 on the basis of individual components, identifying modes of
                                    32

-------
                  Hazardous  Waste
                  action of chemical types, and comparing fish dose response
                  relationships to those of mammalian species.
                    Providing field-evaluated methods and data to predict
                  the concentrations of hazardous chemicals in the
                  subsurface environment from the treatment, storage, or
                  disposal of wastes is the thrust of the program at
                  RSKERL; Ada. Physical, chemical, and biological
                  processes that govern the transport rate, transformation.
                  and fate of wastes are evaluated and their mechanisms are
                  described in mathematical  models. These, in turn, are
                  evaluated through field experiments.
                    Integrated, multimedia mathematical models and data
                  are being developed by ERL Athens for implementing the
                  land disposal banning rule and evaluating waste
                  management and treatment needs based on potential
                  human health and environmental impacts. Probabilistic
                  techniques are developed and used to address uncertainty.
                  The various media models are coupled to produce both
                  screening-level and more site-specific multimedia exposure
                  assessment packages.

                  Office or                             Total       Percent
                  Laboratory       Contact              Funds (Sk)   In-House

                  ERL  DUL       Philip M.  Cook          781.7      59
                  RSKERL ADA  Harold G. Keeler       3.039.1       36
                  ERL'ATH       Rosemarie C. Russo     3.179.5      23
                  OEPER HQ     Will C. LaVeille          789.1       55
                   Waste Characterization

Health Effects    Listing of substances under the Resource Conservation and
                   Recovery Act (RCRA) requires the ability to characterize
                   the potential health hazards of wastes. This research
                   program focuses on developing a three-level biological
                   testing battery of short-term tests to make determinations
                   of the potential  health hazard of manufacturing process
                   residues. Emphasis will be on recognizing complex
                   mixtures as hazardous wastes for disposal purposes. This
                   current research is to develop a screen tor Level 1 of a
                   three-level testing battery. This prescreen protocol will be
                   an abbreviated and inexpensive screen for large numbers of
                   RCRA samples. The screen will provide a rapid and
                   sensitive prioritizing assessment of the potential toxicity of
                   RCRA samples. In 1987, the program will begin validating
                   the use of the prescreen protocol on actual field samples
                   from hazardous waste sites.
                                    33

-------
                  Hazardous  Waste
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Richard Phillips
Randall Bond
Total
Funds ($k)
1,419.9
Percent
In-House
41
                   Waste Characterization

Scientific         This program provides assessments of the health effects and
Assessment       "s^5 arising from hazardous wastes, improved methods for
                   performing such assessments, and chemical-specific health
                   summaries. These are supplied to the EPA's Office of Solid
                   Waste (OSW) to support a variety of regulatory activities
                   and to EPA regional offices, and the states  for use in
                   evaluating permit and enforcement actions.
                    One type of assessment, the health and environmental
                   effects document, characterizes a waste and assesses the
                   hazards posed to humans or the environment by exposure
                   to it. The profiles support decisions on listing or delisting a
                   chemical as a hazardous waste. Most of this work is  done
                   by extramural contract.
                    In addition, the program develops methods to assess the
                   extent of human health effects and human exposure  to
                   complex hazardous wastes. These methods  support efforts
                   to assess and refine proposed RCRA permits and to
                   prepare supporting documentation for enforcement
                   decisions. Finally, to support the prevention and
                   containment of hazardous spills, extramural contractors
                   develop chemical-specific health summaries for use in
                   evaluating alternatives for dealing with hazardous spill
                   contaminants.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  ECAO/CIN
             Contact

             Christopher DeRosa
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  3,578
32
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification

To improve procedures to characterize wastes for listing
under RCRA, research will be conducted to develop
methods for characterizing and detecting particular wastes
and providing criteria for determining if those wastes
constitute a potential hazard. The lack of standardized
methods emphasizes the immediate need for a
comprehensive program to assure that  data of known
quality are being collected. Methods will be tested for
                                   34

-------
Hazardous Waste
application to highly toxic wastes in soil and sediments, tor
detection of organics in the ambient air of waste disposal
facilities, and for determining the reactions of wastes in all
media. A validation of the analytical methods contained in
the SW-846 document is being conducted.
  Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites will he
improved, including statistics for sampling design and
evaluated standard methods. RCRA land disposal
regulations require the establishment of a ground water
monitoring program at most facilities,  including detection
and compliance of saturated  and vadose /one monitoring.
Of particular importance is subsurface monitoring of sites
and investigation of new techniques for monitoring soils.
and biota, ambient air, and waste incineration emissions.
Methods will be developed to detect trace metals in ground
water, ambient water,  and sludges.  A flux chamber method
will be evaluated to determine chemical volatility at  waste
sites.
  Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principal organic ha/ardous
constituents from  waste incinerator stacks. Validated
methods for continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide
and hydrochloric acid  emissions will be developed.

Office or                             Total       Percent
Laboratory       Contact              Funds (Sk)  In-House

EMSL CIN      Thomas Clark           1.761.7      50
EMSL LV       Robert Snelling        6.357.1      25
EMSL RTF     John  Pu/ak              K68.6      30
ADEMQA  HQ   John  Koutsandreas         0        0
                  35

-------
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment


Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents

This research program plan addresses the three primary
engineering-oriented research concerns posed by OTS. In
its implementation of Premanufacturing Notice (PMN)
process of TSCA:

• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate release of the
   modified genome or organism from the site of
   production (e.g., in effluents);

• availability and effectiveness of containment controls or
   destruction techniques; and

• worker exposure, particularly due to aerosols.

  In order to satisfy these concerns, the program is divided
into two sub-sections. The first addresses biologically based
manufacturing processes, and the second addresses
deliberate application to a specific environmental area in a
remedial  action to destroy or detoxify another pollutant
present in that environment.
  Tools will be developed for PMN review under the first
sub-program which permit assessment of the occurrence,
magnitude, and degree of risk management applicable to
deliberate and accidental releases trom biologically based
manufacturing processes. Models will be developed along
with an information base which OTS can use as a guide for
identification of potential hazards and implementation of
safeguards for reduction of risk to acceptable levels.
  Because genetically engineered microorganisms have
already been developed for applications requiring
deliberate release into the environment, the second  sub-
program  addresses the development of procedures for
assessing  the safety aspects of engineering techniques  for
introducing these microorganisms into the enviornment.
Tools developed under this sub-program will allow the
assessment of the risk of migration from the site and risk
management techniques to prevent and mitigate migration.
  A number of applications will be addressed in the form
of scenarios appropriate to the environmental conditions
likely to be encountered at representative sites.
Applications considered for evaluation include: agricultural
formulations; pollutant clean-up and control (spills,
landfills,  contaminated sediments, oil spills); tertiary oil
recovery; in-situ mineral recovery (metals leaching, oil
shale); and other operations not contained in chemical
processing equipment in the traditional sense.
                                   36

-------
                   Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                    The engineering assessment protocols lor release and
                  exposure will be structured to account for several sets or
                  combinations of various biological properties, or subsets.
                  and appropriate applications involving deliberate
                  environmental release. Further effort will be devoted to
                  identifying those specific data (chemical, physical, and
                  biological) that will be required as inputs to the engineering
                  risk assessment protocols so that such data can specifically
                  be developed and submitted as part of the PMN review
                  procedures.
                    In FY87, assessments of techniques to prevent releases of
                  bioengineered organisms during their manufacture were
                  completed. Investigation by risk and failure analysis were
                  also initiated on pump seals and safety units to predict
                  release and exposure potential.
                    In FY88, advance studies on decontamination
                  technology will develop experimental data on kill tank
                  efficiency on sampling to ensure 100^ kill. Evaluation of
                  containment approaches will be completed.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HWERL CIN
                   OEETD HQ
                Contact

                John Burckle
                Bill McCarthy
Total
Funds (Sk)

   383.5
     8.5
Percent
In-House

  25
  10
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents

This research evaluates and standardizes monitoring
methodology to identify and quantify release of genetically
engineered microorganisms or biotechnology products into
the environment. Standardized procedures are validated
and developed  into guidelines for routine monitoring
applications.
Office or
Laboratory

EMSL/LV
ADEMQA/HQ
                                  Contact

                                  Gareth Pearson
                                  Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

   146.0
     0.0
Percent
In-House

  0
  0
                                    37

-------
                  Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Environmental
Processes
and
Effects
 Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents

The biotechnology research effort is concerned with
interactions between microorganisms and ecological
processes in an attempt to develop comprehensive
knowledge of the biochemical, physiological, and genetic
mechanisms involved. The program will examine the
potential environmental risk associated with the application
of genetically engineered microorganisms (OEMs).
  Assessment of environmental impacts of OEMs requires
reliable methodologies for identification and enumeration
in environmental samples. The methods must address the
analytical and operative criteria required for any
monitoring program. They must be sensitive and specific to
differentiate OEMs from the background of indigenous
organisms. They have to be feasible, accurate, reproducible,
and widely applicable since samples will differ greatly from
one another, such as leaf surfaces and freshwater reservoirs.
  In addition, laboratory systems (microcosms) containing
sediment, water, and indigenous microorganisms are used
to assess the fate of OEMs in various ecosystems. These
systems attempt to simulate interactions between
microorganisms surfaces. The fate of microbes in
microcosms is compared with fate in natural systems to
assess the validity of laboratory data.
  Research in this area applies techniques of molecular and
classical genetics to ecological studies to address questions
on survival and growth of novel microorganisms. Questions
such as specific niche requirements, selective advantages of
new genotypes, and potential for causing harmful effects to
populations, ecosystems, or processes will be examined.
The work requires techniques to enumerate and detect
OEMs or genetic material in complex ecosystems. The
research also  addresses genetic stability of altered
microorganisms, including transmissibility of plasmids and
other genetic  information in situ.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/GB
                   ERL/COR
                   OEPER/HQ
                Contact

                Henry F. Enos
                T. Murphy
                Frederick K.utz
Total
Funds ($k)

   243.4
   220.4
  2,953.1
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
    0
 Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
 Control Agents

 Biotechnology research is aimed at the development of
 methods to evaluate the potential health hazards of
                                    38

-------
                  Toxic Chemical Testing/ Assessment
                   genetically engineered organisms and the products of these
                   microorganisms. Potential mechanisms of action and
                   screening methods for adverse mechanisms are being
                   investigated. Models are being developed to assess the
                   potential dispersal capability of genetically engineered
                   genes.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL RTP
                   OHR/HQ
                Contact

              William F. Durham
              Lynda Erinoff
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  339.7
46
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment

Environmental risk assessment studies on the linkage of
environmental exposure and ecotoxicology ha/ard
assessment techniques, and development of methods to
evaluate risks continues.
  The ecotoxicology studies include the movement,
transformation and ultimate disposition of toxic substances
in all environmental media and is a critical component of
this risk assessment. How plants and animals or larger
ecosystems are affected by toxic substances are also the
subjects of this research effort. This involves specific
activities for developing and validating tests and
methodologies for assessments on specific existing chemical
evaluations to be used in  rule making by the Office of
Toxic Substances.
  Activities in this research program are conducted at four
field laboratories and EPA headquarters as follows:

• ERL Athens—transport and transformation of organic
  and inorganic substances in freshwater and multi-media
  environments, and development of SAR techniques and
  models to predict the fate of new chemicals;

• ERL Corvallis—fate and effects of toxic substances and
  genetically engineered  organisms in terrestrial environ-
  ments;

• ERL Duluth—effects  of toxic substances in freshwater
  environments, and development of SAR regarding the
  effects of new chemicals;

• ERL Gulf Breeze—fate and effects of chemicals and
  genetically engineered  organisms in estuarine marine
  environments.
                                   39

-------
                   Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  ERL/ATH
                  ERL/COR
                  ERL/DUL
                  ERL GB
                  OEPER/HQ
                Contact

                Rosemarie C. Russo
                Thomas A. Murphy
                Gilman Veith
                Henry F. Enos
                Frederick W. Kutz
Total
Funds ($k)

  269.5
   55.1
    0.0
    0.0
  954.9
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
    0
    0
    0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation

This research encompasses the determination of the effects,
movement, transformation, and ultimate relocation of toxic
substances and their degradation products that
inadvertently enter into all environmental media. This
program provides information on how plants and animals
and larger ecosystems are affected by exposure to toxic
substances caused by accidents in commerce and industry.
Specific activities include developing and validating tests
for assessing hazards, exposure and estimation of the fate
of existing chemicals.
  Information developed in the above studies provides data
necessary for hazard and exposure assessment tests and
mathematical models of chemical transport, transformation
and fate. These results allow the Agency to determine toxic
substances in environmental media and to relate these
estimates to terrestrial and aquatic systems. These data are
used as input to models which predict the accumulation of
toxic chemicals in food chains. This research will
demonstrate how important biodegradation is in this
process.
  Activities in the programmatic areas of transport,
transformation and fate, and biodegradation of chemicals
are conducted at four field laboratories. Their locations
and the research they conduct are as follows:

•  ERL/DUL—effects of toxic substances in freshwater
   environments;
•  ERL/GB—fate and effects of toxic chemicals and
   genetically altered organisms in estuarine/marine
   systems;
•  ERL/ATH—development of exposure assessment
   methods and  evaluation.and transformation processes;
•  ERL/COR—fate and effects of toxic substances in
   terrestrial systems.
                                   40

-------
                  Toxic Chemical Testing/ Assessment
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  ERL ATH
                  ERL GB
                  ERL COR
                  ERL DDL
             Contact

             Rosemarie A. Russo
             Henry F. Enos
             Thomas A. Murphy
             Oilman Veith
Total
Funds (Sk)

  969.6
  927.0
  849.1
  112.6
Percent
In-House

  100
   94
  100
  100
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring

Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardization of monitoring
methods to estimate total human exposure and population
exposures. Human activity patterns are studied to improve
estimates of exposure. Total human exposure data are used
to construct models to estimate an individual's pollutant
exposure in all media.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  EMSL  LV
                  EMSL  RTF
                  ADEMQA HQ
               Contact

               Gareth Pearson
               Jack Puzak
               Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1.489.2
   903.9
   150.0
Percent
In-House

  36
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation

This research is aimed at providing techniques to reduce
the uncertainties in risk assessments. Techniques are needed
to extrapolate between adverse effects seen in animal
species and human health effects and between high doses
used in animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. Dosimetry models are being
developed for oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of
exposure. Biological markers research focuses on the
development of indicators  of biological dose and resulting
effects for eventual application to studies of human
populations.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  HERL/RTP
                  OHR HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Lynda Erinoff
Total
Funds (Sk)

  5.506.7
Percent
In-House

  2S
                                   41

-------
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
 Toxic Chemical Testing/ Assessment

Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation

This research evaluates biochemical, genetic and
immunologic techniques as indicators of human exposure
to chemical pollutants. These biomarkers are tested for
sensitivity, selectivity and reliability in human exposure
monitoring systems. Field studies are used to validate and
standardize biomarkers for routine applications in
exposure monitoring. Monitoring results are correlated
with human activity patterns to describe the sources of
exposure.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/LV
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Gareth Pearson
                Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  177.6
    0.0
Percent
In-House

  16
   0
Health Effects
Special Human Data Needs

This research is designed to provide information to assist in
identifying and regulating existing chemicals with potential
human health risks. Research focuses on developing
epidemiological and biostatistical methods.  Efforts in
biochemical epidemiology are underway to identify and
evaluate biomonitoring and screening methods for
potential application to human environmental
epidemiology.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Lynda Erinoff
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  2,103.5
  16
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
 Structure A ctivity Relationships

 This thematic research program is designed to determine
 the disposition of new toxic chemicals in all environmental
 media and how to determine if selected plants and animals
 might be affected. This involves developing structure-activity
 relationships (SAR) for rapid estimation of the fate and
 effects of new chemicals. Structure-activity relationship
 research develops methodologies based upon molecular
 structure characteristics to rapidly assess the environmental
 fate and toxicity of new chemicals. Structure-activity includes
 those data bases mathematical models which are used for
 predicting bioaccumulation, toxicity, and fate. Activities also
 include the development of data bases on plant uptake, fate
                 42

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                   Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Health Effects
                   of organic chemicals, toxicity to fish and reactivity of
                   chemicals in the air. Activities in this research program area
                   are conducted at two field laboratories. Their geographic
                   locations and the kinds of research they conduct are as
                   follows:

                   • ERL/ATM—transport and transformation of both organic
                     and inorganic substances in freshwater and multi-media
                     environments and development of SAR to predict the
                     potential fate of new chemicals.
                   • ERL/DUL—effects of toxic substances in freshwater
                     environments, and development of SAR to predict the
                     effects of new chemicals on aquatic organisms.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/ATH
                   ERL DUL
              Contact

              Rosemarie C. Russo
              Oilman Veith
Total
Funds (Sk)

  377.3
  646.0
Percent
In-House

  100
   30
Structure Activity Relationships

Methods are being developed to use combinations of
descriptions based on molecular structure to predict
enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other activities of new
chemicals to support section 5 of TSCA. Techniques
include pattern recognition and statistical and
thermodynamic analyses. In addition, chemical data bases
are being constructed for use in predicting toxicological
responses for  new chemicals with similar structures.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL RTF
                   OHR HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Lvnda Erinoff
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  1,029.1
  44
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA )

Quality assurance research efforts provide support to
program  activities. Research is conducted to evaluate the
reliability and reproducibility of analytical methods for
complex  organic chemical compounds used in environmental
monitoring field studies or networks, to produce reference
chemicals and analytical spectra for chemical compound
identification and to provide standardization procedures and
guidelines for program offices field studies.
                                    43

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                   Toxic Chemical Testing/ Assessment
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
EMSL/RTP
ADEMQA/HQ

Contact
Tom Clark
Gareth Pearson
John Puzak
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)
1,215.5
1,043.2
300.0
23.8
Percent
In-House
11
35
12
0
                  Support for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA )

Scientific        The scientific assessment program provides evaluations and
Assessment      assistance to the Office of Toxic Substances in conducting
                  uniform risk assessment procedures for carcinogenicity,
                  mutagenicity, adverse reproductive and developmental
                  effects, and exposure.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OHEA/HQ
              Contact

              William Farland
Total
Funds (Sk)

  115
Percent
In-House

  95
Environmental
Engineering
and Technology
Demonstration
Engineering

This program supports the Office of Toxic Substances in its
implementation of TSCA, Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHERA), and SARA, Title III. The
program focuses on the development of predictive
capabilities to be used in assessing release and exposure in
the review of Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs) for new
chemicals, and the techniques and controls for ensuring
clearance of asbestos from buildings to allow for "no risk"
reentry in accordance with OTS guidance.
  The exposure and release assessment part of this research
program has been developed around a systemized unit
operations approach to address the manufacturing and
processing of new chemical substances. Emphasis has been
placed on the frequency and magnitude of exposure in the
work place, routes of exposure (dermal, inhalation, and
ingestion), and exposure duration. Additional emphasis has
been directed toward the release of chemical substances
into the workplace environment.
  Research in the industrial settings area has been
concentrated on those manufacturing scenarios found in
the polymer processing industry. Primary emphasis is
directed toward exposures associated with the off-gassing
of monomers, degradation products, and polymer
additives.
                                   44

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                  Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                     In the fate assessment of toxic compounds portion of this
                   research program, emphasis has been placed on water
                   soluble compounds which, ultimately are subjected to
                   secondary wastewater treatment, and in particular,
                   activated sludge treatment. Azo dyes and polyelectrolytes
                   were selected by OTS for fate studies due to the high
                   numbers of PMN submissions and because of the limited
                   fate data available.
                     Agency asbestos guidance has been developed by best
                   engineering judgement. This program attempts to evaluate
                   the effectiveness of any such guidance as early as possible
                   after its release. Guidance includes removal and in
                   situations where the asbestos-containing materials would be
                   left in place operations and maintenance procedures.
                     Should the ongoing studies indicate that the guidance
                   clearance levels (indoor equals outdoor) can be met. the
                   program will shift toward evaluating more cost-effective
                   technologies and toward addressing the broader area of
                   control technology for all respirable and durable fibers,
                   especially asbestos substitutes. If the studies indicate that
                   existing technologies are inadequate to meet the clearance
                   criteria, the program will address new technologies and
                   defer the respirable and durable fiber program.
                     To satisfy the needs as expressed in AH ERA. research
                   efforts will evaluate transportation and disposal options.
                   and attempt to indicate the "least-burdensome" strategy
                   where several "risk-free" options are possible.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   WERL/C1

                   OEETD HQ
                Contact

                Clyde Dempsey
                Roger Wilmoth
                Bill McCarthy
Total
Funds (Sk)

   896.0
  1.158.6
    42.5
Percent
In-House

  20
  35
  10
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Test Method Development

Test method development research seeks to provide
improved procedures to identify and quantitate chemical
compounds of interest. Emphasis is placed on development
of biological and chemical procedures to measure chemicals
in different media including pollutant dose in the body and
specific environmental media. New statistical techniques are
developed for spectra analysis, for field study designs and for
population sampling to improve routine  monitoring.
                                    45

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                   Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  EMSL/CIN
                  EMSL/LV
                  EMSL/RTP
                  ADEMQA/HQ
               Contact

               Tom Clark
               Gareth Pearson
               John Puzak
               Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  227.0
  414.7
  287.5
   92.1
Percent
In-House

   26
   20
   21
  100
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development

Environmental hazard assessment research focuses on
developing, improving and validating single and multi-
species toxicity tests for chronic and acute toxicity in
aquatic ecosystems. The developed methods are validated
in microcosms in the laboratory, and in natural and
constructed field ecosystems to define their applicability in
real-world situations.
  Test methods development for aquatic biota provides
new or modified bioassays and is an essential part of
hazard assessment. This effort encompasses the cellular
level of organisms and includes larger ecosystems to assess
how exposure to toxic substances can adversely affect these
biological systems. These methods are verified and
validated both in the laboratory and in the field using
representative chemicals for the assessment of existing
chemicals.
  Activities in this program are carried  out in three field
laboratories. Their locations and kinds of research
conducted are as follows:

• ERL/Duluth—effects of toxic substances in freshwater
   environments;

• ERL/Gulf Breeze—fate and effects of toxic chemicals and
   genetically altered organisms in estuarine/ marine
   systems;

• ERL/Narragansett—chemical fate and effects in marine
   systems.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/DUL
                   ERL/GB
                   ERL/NARR
                                   Total
           Percent
              Contact

              Oilman Veith
              Henry F. Enos
              Norbert A. Jaworski
Funds (Sk)  In-House
   51.4
  286.4
   86.4
  100
  100
  100
                                    46

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                   Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Health Effects
Test Method Development

Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, EPA must provide
industry with guidance to test chemicals for potential hazards
to public health. In order to base regulatory decisions on the
best possible data, reliable test methods must be developed
for incorporation into test guidelines. The goal of this
research is to develop short-term, cost-effective, predictive
methods for detecting the toxic effects of chemicals. These
test systems include both in vitro and in vivo methods and
bioassays for predicting adverse health effects such as
alterations in reproductive and developmental processes and
immunotoxic and neurotoxic effects.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Lynda Erinoff
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,627.5
Percent
In-House

  60
                   Test Method Development

Scientific         The role of the scientific assessment program is to reduce the
Assessment       uncertainties associated with risk assessment by conducting
                   or sponsoring efforts intended to develop and/or improve
                   approaches and methods in this area. Efforts include the
                   development of biologically-based models to extrapolate
                   laboratory-derived data to human risk applications,
                   assessment of risk as a function of different exposure
                   scenarios and the quantification of exposure that
                   incorporates pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic factors,
                   and the development of methods that can be directly applied
                   to human populations to assess the occurrence and degree of
                   exposure and estimate the probable health risk.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OHEA  HQ
              Contact

              William Farland
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  304
  34
                                    47

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                   Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

This portion of the research program is planned to develop
or improve bioassay methodologies for determining the
effects of biological control agents or biochemical agents
(e.g. hormones, pheromones) on non-target biotic
receptors. The application of the results assists in
establishing testing guidelines and in registering and
controlling the use of these control agents. Agents of
interest include both genetically altered and unaltered
bacteria, viruses  and fungi. Parameters to be studied
include routes of exposure, methods to recover or identify
the agents and virulence, toxicity and infectivity. Survival,
monitoring, growth, persistence and effects plus controlling
abiotic factors are of concern. Probable genetic transfer/
stability and the risks associated with genetically engineered
microorganisms  (GEMs) will be investigated. Special
handling and testing methods and systems will be studied.
Existing extramural monies will be expended through the
laboratories.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/COR
                   ERL/DUL
                   ERL/GB
                   OEPER/HQ
                Contact

                Thomas A. Murphy
                Oilman Veith
                Henry Enos
                Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds (Sk)

    141.4
    97.6
   405.1
  1,030.2
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
  100
    0
Health Effects
Biotechnology /Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents

Models will be developed on potential interaction of
microbial agents and the mammalian cell. Goals are (I) the
determination of the ability of microbial agents to replicate,
and (2) to provoke immune responses in non-target
(mammalian) hosts. Methods will also be developed using
monoclonal antibodies and biotinated DNA probes to enable
the identification of genetic material from microbial
pesticides in non-target sites such as mammalian cells in vitro
and in vivo.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL/RTP
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Charles T. Mitchell
Total
Funds (Sk)

  903.7
Percent
In-House

  34
                                     48

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                   Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxidty and Risk Assessment

To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary to develop
a focused risk assessment process for integrating hazard and
exposure assessments into models which express the
probability of risk to important non-human populations.
This facet of the research program develops environmental
risk assessment methodology by combining impact data
using existing or new models to express risk as a probability
with estimates of the associated uncertainty.
   New endpoint responses will be studied encompassing
ecosystem structures and function. Selected wildlife and
microbial populations will  be used to reflect population
changes and other changes that influence risk evaluations.
Other parameters that affect model integrity will be studied
(e.g., species susceptibility; chemical routes of exposure and
uptake and residues). Modeling will be supported  through
data integration and the model, its calibration and validation
will be supported through field studies which  includes all
media. Upon completion of the planning cycle all  extramural
monies will be disbursed through the participating
laboratories.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    ERL/ATH
                    ERL/COR
                    ERL/DUL
                    ERL'GB
                    OEPER/HQ
                 Contact

                 Rosemarie C. Russo
                 Thomas A. Murphy
                 Oilman Veith
                 Henry Enos
                 Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds (Sk)

    0.0
   56.6
  239.3
    0.0
  739.5
Percent
In-House

    0
  100
  100
    0
    0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation

Research will concentrate on the development, refinement
and validation of techniques and models to measure and
predict pesticide transport, degradation, exposure, effects
and fate in the environment. Laboratory and field studies
will be conducted to substantiate the applicability of methods
and mathematical models and to insure that results are valid
and reflect environmental responses under natural
conditions. Data from these studies will be used to assess
 pesticide hazards to surrogate species, populations and
communities representative of aquatic and terrestrial
habitats.
   These investigations will include analysis of abiotic
 influences on study results and on various chemical and
 physical factors and processes. Sorption, leaching and
 residues will be evaluated. Ground water contamination  and
                 49

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                   Pesticides
                   associated processes will be explored and remedial actions
                   sought. Predictive techniques for exposure concentrations
                   will be improved with studies on pesticide sorption kinetics,
                   transformations and mechanisms of degradation.
                     Information and data including assessments and predictive
                   tools, evaluations of assessment criteria, reference hand
                   books and manuals, workshops and reviews are transferred
                   to support the Agency's regulatory actions.
                     Laboratories involved in this research are shown below.
                   Most extramural monies currently retained at Headquarters
                   will be dispersed to the laboratories subsequent to final
                   planning actions.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/ATH
                   ERL/COR
                   ERL/DUL
                   ERL/GB
                   OEPER/HQ
                Contact

                Rosemarie C. Russo
                Thomas A. Murphy
                Oilman Veith
                Henry Enos
                Frederick Kutz
Total
Funds (Sk)

   329.8
   373.3
   442.8
   866.0
  1,062.7
Percent
In-House

  100
   45
   54
   77
   35
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering

This program which supports the Office of Pesticide
Programs consists of two major areas: protective clothing
and disposal technology. A major effort is concluding which
will produce a Guidance Manual for "Selecting Protective
Clothing for Agricultural Pesticide Operations," serving as a
reference document for OPP's use in protective clothing
issues related to OPP's regulatory development,
implementation, and training activities. The manual will
include standard test methods and performance data from
both laboratory and field tests. The Manual will serve as a
basis for developing documents directed to specific sectors of
the user community.
   Efforts will be initiated to evaluate existing disposal
techniques and processes for destroying specific pesticide
compounds for which the Agency has indemnified the
manufacturer.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    WERL/CIN
                    HWERL/C1N
                    OEETD/HQ
                    OEETD/HQ
                 Contact

                 Michael Royer
                 Ed Bates
                 Bill McCarthy
                 Kurt Jakobson
Total
Funds (Sk)

    442.5
   2,000.0
      4.3
      4.3
 Percent
 In-House

  35
  25
   5
   5
                                     50

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                   Pesticides
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Exposure

The Non-Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES)
is being conducted to develop and test the Total Exposure
Assessment Methodology (TEAM) approach for
measurement of pesticides used routinely by the general
population and seeks to relate exposure of the population
to pesticide use patterns involving personal air, food,
drinking water, and dermal exposure. This study will
evaluate TEAM methods for pesticide exposure and
determine if non-occupational  pesticide usage in and about
homes should be studied further as an important pollutant
source.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/RTP
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Gerald Akland
                Lance Wallace
 Total
 Funds (Sk)

  300.6
    0
Percent
In-House

  0
  0
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation

This research focuses on developing animal models to assess
health risks and improve methodology for extrapolating
results of animal toxicity studies into risk estimates for
humans. Studies will include evaluation of interspecies
differences in the dermal absorption of pesticides,
examination of structure-activity relationships in
teratogenesis, examination of metabolic differences between
species which may contribute to teratogenic outcomes, and
the investigation of potential interactions between  alterations
in maternal health status and susceptibility teratogenic
exposures. Additionally, a computerized data management
system which analyzes genetic data will continue to be
developed.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL RTF
                   OHR HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Charles T. Mitchell
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  1,082.4
 52
                                    51

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                    Pesticides
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation

A new program is being initiated with the goal of relating
external dose to internal dose and to early indicators of
disease states resulting from exposure to pesticide residues.
Research studies are being carried out to define the
relationship between biological indicators of exposure as well
as studies in dosimetry and extrapolation related to
genetically  mediated health effects.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    EMSL/LV
                    ADEMQA/HQ
                 Contact

                 R.K. Mitchum
                 Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  262.0
    0.0
Percent
In-House

  12
   0
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Support

The pesticides quality assurance program ensures the
accuracy of the data which is attained through testing and
analysis. This program maintains a pesticide repository of
high purity chemicals which are used by more than 1,400
laboratories in the United States and in foreign countries.
These samples are used as standard reference samples for
internal quality control. In addition, interlaboratory
comparison samples are prepared. Also, the program will
provide samples of pesticide chemicals no longer produced,
but still regulated, in the United States. Such reference
samples are necessary to perform analyses in soil, plant, or
animal tissues at the required degree of accuracy.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    EMSL/LV
                    ADEMQA/HQ
                 Contact

                 R. K. Mitchum
                 Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  902.4
    0.0
Percent
In-House

  42
   0
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
 Test Method Development

 Laboratory studies will develop, improve and validate bioassay
 methodologies to be used as standardized pesticide testing
 protocols for marine/estuarine organisms. Various methods will
 be geared to testing chosen life stages of representatives or
 surrogate test species for long-term or short-term durations.
 These methods will assess both exposure and effects of
 pesticides under acute and chronic conditions and some may be
 used for monitoring particular pesticides or sensitive biota and
 for predicting response. Influencing environmental factors
                   52

-------
                   Pesticides
                   which may modify testing results will be studied to establish
                   confidence limits for the methods under given conditions. The
                   methods will contribute to establishing or modifying pesticides
                   testing guidelines.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL GB
              Contact

              Henry F. Enos
Total
Funds (Sk)

  253.2
Percent
Ill-House

  100
Health Effects
Test Method Development

This research involves developing and refining bioassays for
the detection of adverse alterations in the development of
reproductive processes in animals which allow for more
accurate evaluations of reproductive development and
function. Techniques are also being developed, validated,
refined and implemented for determining human genetic
effects caused by exposure to chemical carcinogens and
mutagens. Additionally,  methods are being developed to
refine the relationship between biological indicators of
neurotoxicity and disease as well as methods development in
the area of immunotoxicology.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   HERL RTF
                   OHR/HQ
              Contact

              William F. Durham
              Charles T. Mitchell
Total        Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  1.913.3
  64
                    Test Method Development

Scientific          The scientific assessment program carries out specific risk
Assessment        assessment work in direct support of the Office of Pesticide
                    Programs, prepares and reviews guidelines for Agency-wide
                    application in conducting risk assessments, and seeks to
                    reduce the uncertainties in risk assessment techniques and
                    methods. Assessment methods are being reviewed and
                    updated to address program-specific problems, including
                    data gathering and analysis of heritable risks from low-dose
                    exposures. Research is also underway to evaluate human
                    reproductive dysfunction, which may result from exposure to
                    chemicals.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    OHEA/HQ
               Contact

               William Farland

                  53
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  527
  31

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                   Multi-Media Energy
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology

This area is supporting the evaluation of alternative acid
rain control technologies research: specifically the
development of commercialization of an integrated NO,/
SOa control technology—The Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB).
  The LIMB control technology can substantially reduce
both NOX and SO2 emissions while at the same time
reducing the costs for control. A systematic development is
underway to bring the LIMB technology to the point where
industry would be willing to commercialize it. The 1988
program will include: research on sorbent reaction
mechanisms, prototype scale testing of the tangentially-
fired experimental systems for extrapolating the
performance to commercial  scale, detailed analysis to
identify potential operability and reliability problems, and
operation and testing of the industry/EPA cofunded full
scale demonstration on wall-fired utility boiler.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   AEERL/RTP
                   OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                Jim Abbott
                Marshall Dick
Total
Funds (Sk)

  3,313.0
   347.3
Percent
In-House

  34
  51
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
 Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base

 Development, testing, and intercomparing of field and
 laboratory techniques for measuring dry deposition will
 continue. Among those techniques are the transition flow
 reactors, annular denuder, Canadian filter pack, eddy
 accumulator, coarse particle collector, time of wetness
 sensors, and FTIR. A project whose goal is to quantify the
 subgrid variability of dry deposition is underway and will be
 expanded. By the end of FY88 approximately 60 dry
 deposition sites will be operational.
   In the wet deposition area, development of better wet
 collectors (buckets) and determining snow chemistry
 representativeness and comparing rain gauges will have high
 priority. Quality assurance, data systems support, and
 analyses of spatial and temporal variation of data are an
 integral part of the program.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/RTP
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                   ASRL/RTP
                Contact

                Steven Bromberg
                Barbara Levinson
                Ken Knapp
 Total
 Funds (Sk)

  4,627.4
  1,427.6
    281.5
 Percent
 In-House

   5.2
   1.9
  37.3
                                     54

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Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
                  Multi-Media Energy
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources

This research effort gives primary emphasis to the
development of a high quality emissions data base for
calendar year 1985. SO2, NOX, and VOC are the emission
species of principal interest. Models to forecast emission
trends and costs of various control programs are being
developed. These economic sectoral models and the
emissions inventories will be used to support regional and
national policy analysis and assessment.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  AEERL/RTP
                  ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Michael Maxwell
                John Malanchuk
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  3,410.4
  35
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Evaluate Availability and Cost of Applicable
Control Technology

This program assesses the engineering and economic
potential of emerging technologies for removing acid
deposition precursors from combustion sources. The work
considers non-hardware approaches such as fuel switching as
well as retrofit technologies such as the limestone injection
multi-stage burner, E-SO, and duct injection.
 Office or
 Laboratory

 AEERL RTF
 ADEMQA HQ
                                  Contact

                                  Julian Jones
                                  John Malanchuk
Total
Funds (Sk)

  623.0
  375.0
Percent
In-House

  35
   0
 Understand and Quantify Effects on Material and
 Cultural Resources

 The theoretical damage function for galvanized steel will be
 validated against field data. Chamber and field studies for
 paint/substrate systems will continue. The inventory for
 galvanized steel will be completed and the inventory for
 painted surfaces will continue. An intracity time of wetness
 study will be completed.
 Office or
 Laboratory

 ASRL RTF
 ADEMQA HQ
 EMSL LV
                                  Contact

                                  John Spence
                                  Barbara Levinson
                                  John Worlund
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,766
    701
    200
Percent
In-House

   4.02
  12.1
   0.0
                                   55

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                   Multi-Media Energy
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Understand and Quantify A quatic Effects

The Aquatic Effects Research Program comprises the
following activities: (1) Classification of sensitive waters and
watersheds based on the analysis of the National Surface
Water Survey data bases; (2) formulation of predictive
regional aquatic chemistry models which incorporate
episodic and non-episodic events; (3) development of
biological response models for fish populations and other
aquatic biota; (4) assessment of drinking water quality and
possible health effects due to toxic metal mobilization and
bioaccumulation in fish; (5) expansion of the Direct/Delayed
Response Project (DDRP) research to include the transition
Middle Atlantic region project; (6) operation of a prototype
intensively studied watershed site in Maine to collect data for
use in testing predictive models of watershed response to acid
deposition; and (7) initiation of a program to detect incipient
changes in sensitive surface waters and watersheds.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ERL/COR
                   EMSL/LV
                   EMSL/RTP
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                   ASRL/RTP
                   ERL/DUL
                   EMSL/CI
                Contact

                Robert A. Lackey
                Robert Schonbrod
                Rick Linthurst
                Rick Linthurst
                Jack Durham
                John G. Eaton
                Cornelius Weber
Total
Funds (Sk)
1 1,095
3,145
175
2,988
125
390
350
Percent '
In-House
4
8
52
4
22
5
15
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects

Research will be performed at several integrated, multi-
disciplinary intensive research sites in spruce/fir, southern
commercial, eastern hardwood, and western coniferous forest
types. The effects of acidic deposition alone or in
combination with associated pollutants will be considered in
the light of hypothesized mechanisms. A vegetation survey
and a central synthesis and integration activity will be
undertaken in support of this research.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/RTP
                   ERL/COR
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Dick Paur
                Robert A.'Lackey
                Don Cook
Total
Funds (Sk)
3,268.1
6.868.1
1,653.6
Percent
In-House
3.0
2.7
20.1
                                    56

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                  Multi-Media Energy
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Understand A tmospheric Processes

This research is designed to improve our capability to
examine and predict the atmospheric transport, chemical
transformation and the wet and dry deposition of acidic
substances emitted into the atmosphere. Laboratory and field
studies, using chemical tracers of emissions, recently
developed gas measuring instruments, and extensive
monitoring is being undertaken to study the movement and
transformation of acids and their precursors from sources to
receptors. Modules which mathematically simulate the
atmospheric processes are being developed for the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RADM). A major field program
has been planned to test and evaluate RADM.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ASRL RTF
                   ADEMQA HQ
                Contact

                H. M. Barnes
                Dennis Trout
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House

9.648.9        6
                                    57

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                   Intermedia
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program

A significant portion of EPA's budget is spent on collecting
environmental data. Quality assurance (QA) activities play
an integral role in the planning and implementation of
environmental data collection efforts and in the evaluation
of the resulting data. By means of their QA programs, EPA
organizations can enjoy substantial resource savings,
because they collect only those data that are needed, and
because they can be sure that the data they collect are of
the requisite quality.
   Quality assurance is the process of management review
and oversight at the planning, implementation, and
completion stages of an environmental data collection
activity to assure that data provided by a line operation to
data users are of the quality needed and claimed. Quality
assurance should not be confused with quality control
(QC); QC includes those activities required during data
collection to produce the data quality desired and to
document the quality of the collected data (e.g., sample
spikes and blanks).
   Quality assurance programs consist of specific activities
conducted before,  during and after environmental data
collection. During the planning of an environmental data
collection program, QA activities focus on assuring that the
quality of the data needed by data users has been defined,
and that a QC system has been designed for measuring the
quality of the data being collected. During the
implementation of a data collection effort, QA activities
ensure that the QC system is operating and that problems
found by QC are corrected. After environmental data are
collected, QA activities focus on assessing the quality of the
data obtained.  Here, one determines whether the data
obtained are adequate to support data-dependent
regulatory decisions or research hypotheses.
   The Quality  Assurance Management Staff (QAMS) is
charged with overseeing the quality assurance activities of
the Agency. QAMS came into being in May 1979, when the
 Agency recognized the need for formalizing an Agency-
 wide quality assurance program for all environmental data
 collection activities.  More recently, with the issuance of
 EPA Order 5360.1 in April 1984, the Agency's quality
 assurance program has been significantly strengthened and
 broadened. The Order mandates that QA be an integral
 part of all environmental data collection activities, from
 planning through  implementation and review.
   The Order identifies the activities basic to the
 implementation of a QA  program. These include:
                                     58

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                   Intermedia
                     requiring QA in all Agency-supported environmental data
                     collection activities,
                     defining Data Quality Objectives,
                     developing quality assurance program and project plans,
                     conducting audits,
                     implementing corrective actions based on the audits,
                     establishing achievable data quality limits for methods
                     cited in EPA regulations,
                     developing and adopting technical guidelines for assessing
                     data quality, and
                     providing for QA training.
                     In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have focused
                   on identifying the basic elements that are essential to
                   effective quality assurance for environmental data. QAMS
                   has put considerable emphasis on issuing guidance defining
                   these key elements and describing their importance in the
                   efficient and effective expenditure of resources assigned to
                   environmental data collection. This guidance development
                   phase is now essentially complete, and in FY 1988 QAMS
                   will proceed with full-scale implementation support and
                   oversight.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Stanley Blacker
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  in-House
  1,712.8
48
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
Manage Visiting Scientists Program

The Visiting Scientists Program has two components: a
competitive visiting scientists and engineers program and a
summer fellowship program. The objective of the Visiting
Scientists and Engineers Program is to attract accomplished
visitors into the Agency for  1 to 3 years to assist in
strengthening the Agency's science policy and research
program. Candidates are sought through annual
advertisements in nationally known scientific and engineering
publications. They are then subjected to a peer review
process from which only the top candidates are
recommended for assignment to an EPA laboratory. In FY
1987, one visiting scientist was  assigned to EPA.
  The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
cooperation with the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and sponsors the assignment of
post-doctoral environmental science and engineering fellows
to EPA facilities for the summer months to conduct
environmental research projects. In FY 1987, 10 highly
qualified fellows were sponsored.
                                    59

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                   Intermedia
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OER/HQ
               Contact

               Roger Cortesi
Total        Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  400
0
Manage Exploratory Research Grant and Centers
Program

This program has two major components: the Research
Grants Program and the Environmental Research Centers
Program. The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of priority
interest to the Agency. Research proposals are solicited via
two mechanisms: (1) the general "Solicitation for Research
Proposals" which is published each year and invites
proposals in broadly defined areas of environmental science
and engineering, and (2) the Request for Applications (RFA)
which is a more targeted solicitation mechanism which
requests proposals in well-defined areas of particular interest
to the Agency. All proposals received in response to either
mechanism are subjected to a rigorous peer panel review. In
addition, those responding to the general solicitation must
undergo an Agency relevance review. Areas in which
research proposals will be requested in FY 1988 under the
general solicitation include: environmental biology,
environmental health, environmental engineering and
environmental chemistry and physics.

   In an effort to provide more support to minority
institutions for the conduct of basic environmental research,
the Research Grants Program makes available pre-
application assistance for minority faculty at Historically
Black Colleges and Universities through its Minority
Institutions Assistance Program. Whether or not this
assistance is used, however, research proposals received
under this program  are reviewed along with proposals
received under the general solicitation and in accordance
with the standards applied thereto. The Research Centers
Program supports multidisciplinary research which is
conducted in a university setting and focuses in areas of
priority interest to EPA. For FY 1987, the following eight
university research centers were sponsored:

   Waste Elimination Research Center (Illinois Institute of
Technology): study innovative technology and process
modification to reduce industrial pollutants.
   Intermedia Transport Research Center (University of
California—Los Angeles): define chemical/physical processes
governing pollutant exchange at air-land and air-water
boundaries.
                                      60

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                   Intermedia
                     Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell University): identify
                   and apply ecosystem principles to environmental
                   management problems.
                     Marine Sciences Research Center (University of Rhode
                   Island): assess marine ecosystems health, emphasizing
                   exposure of marine organisms to toxics.
                     Advanced Control Technology Research Center
                   (University of Illinois): study separation technology, thermal
                   destruction, biological separation, and chemical
                   detoxification.
                     Ground Water Research Center (University of Oklahoma,
                   Oklahoma State University, and Rice University): study
                   subsurface characterization, transport and fate, and ground-
                   water horizon modeling.
                     Epidemiology Research Center (University of Pittsburgh):
                   study basic epidemiology methods and airborne particulate
                   health effects.
                     Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana State
                   University): study the design, construction, maintenance,
                   operation, and closure of hazardous waste landfills.

                   Office or                             Total       Percent
                   Laboratory     Contact                Funds (Sk)   In-House

                   OER/HQ      Roger Cortesi             15.042      4
                   Integrated Risk A ssessment

Scientific         The scientific assessment program provides uniform Agency-
Assessment       wide guidance on, and assures the consistency of, exposure
                   and risk assessments that support regulatory decision making
                   by EPA.
                     The program consists of three components—risk
                   assessment guidelines, the Risk Assessment Forum, and the
                   Integrated Risk Information System. The Office manages
                   development of Agency-wide risk assessment guidelines.
                   Guidelines for assessing risk's to the female and male
                   reproductive systems, risks from systemic toxicants, making
                   and using exposure measurements, and for pharmacokinetics
                   are under development. The guidelines published in 1986 will
                   be updated as appropriate.
                     The Office provides management and technical
                   coordination for the Risk Assessment Forum, a group of
                   senior scientists who meet regularly to promote consensus on
                   risk assessment issues and to ensure that this consensus is
                   incorporated into  appropriate risk assessment guidance.
                     The Office also  manages the Integrated Risk Information
                   System (IRIS), an Agency-wide readily accessible E-mail
                   information system organized on a chemical-by-chemical

                                     61

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                  Intermedia
                   basis. The Office coordinates the Agency-wide work groups
                   who review the technical information for consistency and
                   quality and maintains the system itself.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OHEA/HQ
              Contact

              Dorothy Patton
Total
Funds ($k)

  2,237
Percent
In-House

  58
Exploratory
Research
Core Program
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Program

Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25% of its
extramural research and development budget to Small
Business Innovation Research (SBIR). The SBIR Program
funds, via contracts, small businesses with ideas relevant to
EPA's mission. The program focuses exclusively on projects
in control technology or process instrumentation
development. Proposals are solicited in the fall of each year
for Phase I research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level up to $50,000. Of these
Phase I studies, the best are selected for Phase  II studies
where actual product development is started. Phase II studies
are supported up to a level of $150,000. To date, half of the
Phase I efforts have been supported in Phase II. Results
from the SBIR Program are expected to lead to the
commercial development of a product or process used in
pollution control. In fiscal year 1987 the SBIR budget was
about three million dollars.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OER/HQ
              Contact

              Walter Preston
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)   In-House
  2,500
  0
                                     62

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                   Radiation
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program

The overall goal of the research program is to provide the
scientifically credible data necessary to assess public
exposure to non-ionizing radiation and to man-made
radioactive materials and to allow decisions to be made
regarding control of that exposure.
  In addition, this program provides quality assurance for
the Agency's programs for monitoring radiation in the
environment. These are supported by providing a common
source of radionuclides standards and reference materials
and through the conduct of laboratory intercomparison
studies to assure data of known quality from analyses of
environmental samples such as milk, water, air and food.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/LV
                   ADEMQA'HQ
                Contact

                Charles Costa
                Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds (Sk)

  162.5
    0.0
Percent
In-House

  100
    0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program

The engineering program for radiation primarily supports
the Agency's Radon Action Program. It is directed at
developing and testing cost-effective methods for reducing
radon in homes. The results of these tests, along with
analysis of the findings of others, are provided to the States,
private sector organizations (such as builders and
contractors), and to homeowners. The research will continue
to extend the number of techniques, the housing substructure
types and the locations for testing. The research focuses
primarily on mitigation in existing homes, although
techniques applicable to  prevention in new house
construction will also be assessed.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   AEERL RTF
                   OEETD HQ
              Contact

              Alfred B. Craig
              Paul Shapiro
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,526.3
    170.3
Percent
In-House

  54
  68
                                   63

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                  Superfund
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
Situation A ssessment

The success of removal and remedial actions depends on an
accurate definition of the kinds and severity of the
problem. The latest protocols, techniques, and
instrumentation for sampling and analysis and remote
monitoring must be applied to provide the decision maker
with scientifically accurate information. Remote sensing
and geographical information systems will provide valuable
data for analysis of present and historical site operations
and conditions at sites. A sampling program should include
a review of protocols and field operations as well as site
specific sampling plans. Protocols, techniques and methods
of monitoring will be evaluated and demonstrated. Air
monitoring techniques and equipment will be evaluated to
provide source monitoring methods at sites. Geophysical
techniques and interpretation strategy will be evaluated.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/C1
                   EMSL/RTP
                   EMSL-LV
                   ADEMQA/HQ
                Contact

                Robert Booth
                John Puzak
                Robert Snelling
                John Koutsandreas
Total
Funds (Sk)

   459.4
   280.1
  2,026.2
   481.1
Percent-
In-House

  47
  17
  23
  23
                  Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
                  Situation Assessment

Scientific         Site-, chemical- and situation-specific exposure and risk
Assessment      assessments are being prepared to assist the program office
                  and Regions in evaluating the alternative courses of actions
                  and regulatory strategies that might be applied at
                  uncontrolled Superfund sites. Activities include development
                  of health and environmental effects documents for the
                  chemicals most frequently found at candidate sites,
                  participation in the development of toxicological profiles,
                  and provision of rapid response health assessments on short
                  turnaround.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   ECAO/C1N
              Contact

              Christopher DeRosa
Total
Funds (Sk)

  649
Percent
In-House

  59
                                    64

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                  Superfund
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites
Requires Technologies for Response and Remedial
Action, for Protecting the Personnel
Involved and for Supporting Enforcement A ctions

The R&D support program develops and evaluates clean-up
technology, demonstrating proto-type equipment such as
mobile incineration systems and mobile soil washing systems.
Remedial technology will be assessed and technical reports
provided which will include design data, and cost
information. Engineering expertise will be applied to the
assessment of uncontrolled hazardous waste site situations to
assist the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
Regions and others in the development of corrective measure
options. Manuals will be developed establishing personnel
safety protocols and evaluating equipment and techniques,
especially for decontamination of equipment and personnel.
In addition, short-term, quick turn-around technical advice
and consultation will be provided to the regional programs
and the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement for
enforcement support.
  The  Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
program has been established to enhance the development
and demonstration, and thereby establish the commercial
availability, of innovative technologies as alternatives to
containment systems. The primary goal of the SITE program
is to field evaluate these technologies at Superfund sites in
order to develop reliable cost and performance data.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  HWERL CIN

                  OEETD/HQ
                Contact

                R. Hill
                I. Wilder
                R. Thacker
Total
Funds (Sk)
Percent
In-Ho use
  31.245.2      9

    508.0     51
Provide Quality Assurance—
Superfund Program Requirements

The success of remedial actions at Superfund sites depend
on the provision of state-of-the-art techniques. A quality
assurance program must provide the basis for gathering
data of known quality for use in making operations
decisions
   The quality assurance program will provide support to
the National Contract Laboratory Program which is
responsible for all contract chemical analyses under the
Superfund program. In addition, a quick turn-around
referee laboratory will be available for Regions and the
                                    65

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                   Superfund
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
                  Emergency Response Team. The quality assurance
                  program for the National Contract Laboratory Program
                  will provide method and protocol evaluation, reference
                  materials, performance evaluations, data audits, on-site
                  laboratory evaluations, and data automation/data base
                  activities.
                  Office or
                  Laboratory

                  EMSL/CI
                  EMSL/RTP
              Contact

              Robert Booth
              John Puzak
Total
Funds(Sk)

   719.1
  4,077.7
Percent
In-House

  20
  17
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
Program, and Regions

All clean-up projects under Superfund have potential
enforcement requirements. Services covering sampling and
analytical quality assurance and review of monitoring plans
for all media will be provided. Site monitoring support for
air, surface and ground water, and soils will be provided to
the program offices and Regions. Data and reports will be
delivered to cognizant offices on an as-requested basis.
Geophysical monitoring capabilities will be employed in
support of the Regions and the Environmental Response
Team.
   A comprehensive technical information transfer program
will provide data in all phases of monitoring, sampling, and
quality assurance to Regions and States. Technical support
provided includes information on sampling methodology and
quality assurance plans, provision of quality assurance/
quality control materials, groundwater sampling and
network design, on-site laboratory evaluations, field audits of
sampling activities, and technical assistance in conducting
geophysical surveys and establishing geographical
information systems.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/CI
                   EMSL/RTP
                   EMSL/LV
              Contact

              Robert Booth
              John Puzak
              Robert Snelling
 Total
 Funds (Sk)

    429.9
    411.1
   1,502.7
 Percent
 In-House

   26
   23
   19
                   Provide Technical Support to Enforcement,
                   Program and Regional Offices

 Scientific         Site- and chemical-specific health assessments are being
 Assessment       provided to support enforcement office needs for the
                   remedial planning and cost recovery efforts. Assessments
                                    66

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                   Superfund
                   provided range from brief hazard summaries to detailed and
                   peer-reviewed documents used in negotiations and litigation.
                     This office also coordinates review of risk assessments
                   forwarded by Regional Offices to Headquarters for
                   evaluation of consistency, technical quality, and adherence to
                   Agency risk assessment guidelines. The office also serves as a
                   focal point for providing technical support on risk
                   assessments to the states and regions.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory
              Contact
                   OHEA/HQ     Kevin Garrahan
                   Total
                   Funds (Sk)

                     654
           Percent
           In-House

             42
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and Detection

The Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring
and Quality Assurance (OADEMQA) is developing and
evaluating monitoring techniques and systems which are
rapid and inexpensive, fill technical voids, integrate
monitoring systems into multi-media site assessments, and
are specific, selective or sensitive. Research in this area will
focus on the development, evaluation and standardisation
of field analytical and sampling methods. New scret  ing
methods for single  compounds or for classes of compounds
using immunoassay systems will be developed. Existing
field portable systems will be evaluated and standardized
for immediate use.  Emerging methods and field portable
systems such as fiber optic chemical sensors will be
developed, evaluated and standardized.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL LV
                   ADEMQA
          HQ
Contact

Robert Snelling
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds (Sk)

  1,300.0
   250.0
Percent
In-House

  0
  0
                   Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
                   Assessment and Detection Research

Scientific         This program fulfills, in part, the Agency's responsibilities
Assessment       under the new Section 31 l(c) to establish a research program
                   to assess, detect and evaluate effects on, and risk to, human
                   health from hazardous substances. It enhances the Agency's
                   internal research capabilities relative to CERCLA assessment
                   activities. The scientific assessment research program,
                   specifically, is integrated with the health effects program, and
                   is developing data and procedures to fill information and
                                    67

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                   Superfund
                   assessment gaps which exist in the various phases of the
                   Superfund public health evaluation process. Areas of specific
                   expertise in this program include development of predictive
                   techniques for reducing uncertainties in reproductive risk
                   assessment and carcinogen risk assessment; development of
                   appropriate techniques for investigating specific areas of
                   chemical mixtures research (i.e., developing lexicological
                   models to predict interactions, identifying contaminant
                   classes that may yield additive, synergistic or antagonistic
                   responses, and statistical methods for analyzing data sets);
                   and developing approaches for integrating exposure
                   information from various sources into risk  assessments.

                   Office or                             Total       Percent
                   Laboratory      Contact               Funds (Sk)   In-House

                   OHEA/HQ     HalZenick              2,196       9
                   Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
                   Assessment and Detection Research

Health Effects    Research develops data and methods to address risk
                   uncertainties in the Superfund public health evaluation
                   process. This process involves assessment of toxicity,
                   exposure, and dose and characterization of risk. The research
                   provides improved health evaluation measures to detect,
                   assess, and evaluate the risks to human health from
                   hazardous substances as needed for Superfund removal and
                   remedial cleanup decisions.
                      Research will develop test methods needed to evaluate the
                   hazard potential of waste mixtures, screening techniques for
                   early detection of adverse health effects, and improved
                   measurement of health endpoints particularly non-cancer
                   endpoints such as reproductive effects and neurotoxicity.
                   Predictive techniques that can reduce the uncertainties in risk
                   assessment caused by data limitations will be developed and
                   site-specific data will be generated in response to requests
                   from the Office of Emergency and Remedial Response and
                   the Office of Waste Programs Enforcement. Three research
                   themes for improving evaluation of risk and reducing
                   uncertainties in its assessment will be emphasized:
                   bioavailability/pharmacokinetics, interactions of compounds
                   in chemical mixtures, and non-cancer health effects.

                   Office or                             Total       Percent
                   Laboratory     Contact                Funds (Sk)   In-House

                   HERL         Judy Graham            3,745.0      11
                   OHR/HQ      WadeTalbot

                                     68

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                   Superfund
                  Support Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts

Scientific        Chemical-specific data are being provided on
Assessment      carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support the program
                  office activities necessary to adjust, by regulation, the
                  Reportable Quantities for hazardous substances. These
                  include completion of the original  CERCLA hazardous
                  substance list and the Extremely Hazardous Substances
                  List, as well as listings in association with Section 3001 of
                  RCRA support for designation of  new substances, and
                  review of old RQ calculations.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OHEA HQ
              Contact

              Alan Ehrlich
Total       Percent
Funds (Sk)  In-House
  830
  32
Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and
Quality
Assurance
Innovative/Alternative Technology Research,
Development,  and Demonstration

Newly developed monitoring technologies will be
demonstrated for feasibility and applicability to Superfund
issues. Industry has developed several new monitoring
technologies which have promising applicability to
Superfund problems but lack full-scale detailed scientific
demonstrations. Industry is expected to pay the cost of the
demonstration, or cost share with EPA.  For those successful
demonstrations, EPA will pay the cost for the required
evaluation, and validation of the technology's application to
Superfund problems. Superfund legislation calls  for the
development of technologies which assess the extent of
contamination, as well as identify the chemical and physical
character of the contaminants at sites. Examples of such
technologies include fiber optics sensors  and immunoassay
systems.
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   EMSL/LV
              Contact
              Robert Snelling
Total
Funds (Sk)

  844.1
Percent
In-House
                                    69

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ORD  Organization
The Office of Research and Development is responsible for
research, development, and demonstration programs in
pollution sources, fate, and health and welfare effects;
waste management and utilization technology;
environmental sciences; and monitoring systems. Please
note, the list below includes both commercial (CML) and
Federal (FTS) telephone numbers. Where only one number
is listed, it serves both purposes.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
  Vaun Newill                               (202) 382-7676
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator
  Erich Bretthauer                           (202) 382-7676
Senior  ORD Official, Cincinnati
  Francis T. Mayo                      CML (513) 569-7951
  Cincinnati, OH 45268                       FTS 8-684-7951
  Support Services Office
   Director, Robert N. Carr               C M L (513) 569-7966
                                            FTS 8-684-7966
Senior  ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
  F. Gordon Hueter                     CML (919) 541-2106
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711            FTS 8-629-2106
  Support Services Office                 CML (919) 541-2613
   Director, Paul Kenline (MD-51)             FTS 8-629-2613
Office of Research Program Management
  Director, Clarence E. Mahan                 (202) 382-7500
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
Office of Exploratory Research
  Director, Roger Cortesi                      (202) 382-5750
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)
  Research Grants Staff
    Director, Robert A. Papetti                  (202) 382-7473
  Research Centers Program
    Director, Robert A. Papetti                  (202) 382-7473
  Visiting Scientists Program
    Coordinator, Alvin Edwards                 (202) 382-7473
 Office of Health Research
   Director, Ken Sexton                        (202)382-5900
   Deputy Director, (Vacant)
   Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)
                   70

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   Program Operations Staff
    Director, Tom Veirs                         (202) 3X2-5X91

   Environmental Health Research Staff
    Director, John R. Fowle                     (202) 3X2-5X93

   Health Effects  Research Laboratory
    Director, F. Gordon Hueter (MD-51)     CML (919) 541-22X1
                                              FTS 8-629-22X1
 Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and
 Quality Assurance

   Director. Courtney Riordan                   (202) 3X2-5767
   Deputy Director, Matthew Bills
   Headquarters, Washington, DC(RD-680)

   Program Operations Staff
    Director, Paul Palm                         (202) 382-5761

   Quality Assurance Management Staff
    Director, Stanley Blacker                    (202) 382-5763

   Environmental Monitoring Systems Division
    Director, Charles Brunot                     (202) 382-5776

   Acid Deposition and Atmospheric Research Division
    Director, Gary J. Foley                       (202) 475-8930

   Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
    Director, Vacant (MD-75)              CML (919) 541-2106
    Deputy  Director, John C. Pu/ak             FTS 8-629-2106
    Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

   Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
    Director. Robert L. Booth              CML (513) 569-7301
    Deputy  Director, Thomas A. Clark           FTS 8-684-7301
    Cincinnati, OH 45268

   Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
    Director, (Vacant)                     CML (702) 798-2525
    Deputy  Director, Robert N.  Snelling          FTS 8-545-2525
    P.O. Box 93478
    Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478

    Vint Hill Station
     Director, John  Montanari             CML (703) 347-6224
     P.O. Box 1587, Building 166                FTS 8-557-3110
     Warrenton, VA 22186

   Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
    Director, A. H. Ellison                 CML (919) 541-2191
    Deputy Director, Jack H. Shreffler           FTS 8-629-2191
    Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

Office of Health and Environmental Assessment

  Director, Peter W. Preuss                     (202) 382-7317
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689)

                   71

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  Program Operations Staff
   Director, Barry Goldfarb                     (202) 382-7311

  Cancer Assessment Group
   Director, William Farland                    (202) 382-5898

  Exposure Assessment Group
   Director, Michael Callahan                  (202) 475-8909

  Reproductive Effects Assessment Group
   Acting Director,  William Farland             (202) 382-7303

  Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office
   Director, Lester Grant (MD-52)          CML (919) 541-4173
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711           FTS 8-629-4173

  Environmental Criteria and  Assessment Office
   Acting Director,  Steven D. Lutkenhoff   CML (513) 569-7531
   Cincinnati, OH 45268                      FTS 8-684-7531
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration

  Director John H. Skinner                     (202) 382-2600
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)

  Program Operations Staff
   Director. Stephen Jackson                    (202) 382-2580

  Technical Programs Division
   Director, Darwin R. Wright                  (202) 382-5747

  Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
   Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60)      CML (919) 541-2821
   Deputy Director, Chick Craig               FTS 8-629-2821
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

  Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
   Director, Thomas R. Hauser            CML (513) 569-7418
   Deputy Director, (Vacant)                   FTS 8-684-7418
   Cincinnati. OH 45268

   Release Control Branch
    Director, Ira Wilder                   CML (201) 321-6600
    Edison,  NJ 08817                         FTS 8-340-6600

  Water Engineering Research Laboratory
   Director. Francis Mayo                 CML (513) 569-7951
   Deputy Director, Lou Lefke                 FTS 8-684-7951
   Cincinnati, OH 45268
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research

  Director, James W. Falco                     (202) 382-5950
  Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
  Headquarters. Washington. DC (RD-682)

  Program Operations Staff
   Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz               (202) 382-5962

                  72

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Planning and Evaluation Staff
 Director. Fredrick W. Kutz

Field Laboratories
     (202) 382-5967
 Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director. Clinton W. Hall
  Deputy Director. (Vacant)
  P.O. Box 1198
  Ada, OK 74820
 Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director, Rosemarie C. Russo
  College Station Road
  Athens. GA 30613

  Office of Research Operations
  Director. Robert R. Swank

  Office of Program Operations
  Director, Roger K. NeeSmith

 Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director, Thomas A. Murphy
  Deputy Director, James C. McCarty
  200 SW 35th Street
  Corvallis. OR 97333

 Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director, Oilman D. Veith
  Associate Director for Research,
   Philip M. Cook
  6201 Congdon Boulevard
  Duluth. MN 55804
  Monticello Field Station
  Box 500
  Monticello. MN 55362

  Large Lakes Research Station
  9311 Groh Road
  Grosselle, Ml 48138

 Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director. Norbert A. Jaworski
  Deputy Director. Richard L. Garnas
  South Ferry Road        !
  Narragansett, Rl 02882
  Hatfield Marine Science Center
  Newport. OR 97365
CM L (405) 332-8800
    FTS 8-743-2224
CM L (404) 546-3134
     FTS 8-250-3134
CM L (404) 546-3145
     FTS 8-250-3145

CM L (404) 546-3127
     FTS 8-250-3127
CM L (503) 757-4601
     FTS 8-420-4601
CM L (218) 727-6692
     FTS 8-780-5550
         CM L only
     (612)295-5145
CM L (313) 675-5000
     FTS 8-226-7811
CM L (401) 782-3001
     FTS 8-838-6001
         CM L only
      (503) 867-4041
 Environmental Research Laboratory
  Director, Henry F. Enos              CML (904) 932-5333
  Deputy Director. Andrew J. McErlean       FTS 8-686-9011
   (on Rotational Assignment in Region 111)
  Special Assistant to the Director,
    Raymond G. Wilhour
  Sabine Island
  Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
                   73

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                  ORD Organizational Descriptions
Office of
Exploratory
Research
Office of
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is responsible
for planning, administering, managing and evaluating
EPA's exploratory research program in general and, in
particular, its extramural grant research in response to
Agency priorities as established by Agency planning
mechanisms. Its basic objective is to support research
aimed at developing a better basic scientific understanding
of the environment and its inherent problems. OER
accomplishes this objective through four core programs: a
Competitive Research Grants Program, an Environmental
Research Centers Program, a Visiting Scientists Program
and a Small Business Innovation Research Program.
Separate descriptions  of these programs are provided
elsewhere in this research guide. In addition to the core
programs, OER administers other programs which are not
supported by research and development funds but are
nonetheless important to the accomplishment  of the OER
objective. They include:

• A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
   fellowships to college seniors and graduate  students
   enrolled on a full-time basis at Historically Black
   Colleges and Universities and majoring in curricula that
   could be applied to the solution of environmental
   problems.
• A Minority Summer Intern Program which extends to
   recipients of fellowships under the Minority Fellowship
   Program the opportunity for on-hands experience in the
   area of their academic training by way of a summer
   internship at an EPA or other environmental facility.
   (Both the Minority Fellowship Program and the
   Minority Summer Intern Program are components of
   the Minority Institutions Assistance Program,  which is
   briefly described elsewhere in this document.)
• The Agency's Senior Environmental Employment
   Program (SEE) which utilizes the skills and talents of
   older Americans to meet employment needs of
   environmental programs.
• The Federal Workforce Training Program  which
   coordinates ORD's participation in workforce training
   programs used by state and local governments.

The Office of Environmental Engineering and  Technology
Demonstration is responsible for the assessment and the
development of methods for control of the environmental
and socio-economic impacts of municipal and  industrial
operations and of energy and mineral resource extraction,
processing, conversion, and utilization systems.
The Hazardous  Waste Engineering Research Laboratory in
                  74

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                   Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent, control, and
                   treat hazardous wastes and Superfund related activities.
                   This includes defining and characterizing sources of
                   pollution, catalyzing advances in the state-of-the-art of
                   pollution control, providing engineering concepts for cost-
                   effective engineering solutions to difficult pollution
                   problems and early-warning of emerging sources of
                   pollution.
                     The Water Engineering Research Laboratory in
                   Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates, develops and demonstrates
                   cost-effective methods for the treatment and management
                   of municipal wastewater and sludges and urban runoff; and
                   of industrial processing and manufacturing and toxic
                   discharges; and the development of technology and
                   management systems for the treatment, distribution and
                   presentation of public drinking water supplies.
                     The Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory in
                   Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, catalyzes the
                   development of control technologies and process
                   modifications needed to establish and meet standards for
                   air emissions in a timely and cost-effective manner, and
                   supports EPA's regulatory and enforcement programs.  The
                   Laboratory also environmentally assesses the manufacture
                   of synthetic fuels and other current and emerging energy
                   sources.
Office of
Health
Research
The Office of Health Research is responsible for developing
and evaluating toxicity test methods and for providing
toxicity data to enable the agency to accurately identify
hazards and determine human risk from environmental
exposure. To fulfill this mission, research is conducted in
three major areas:

—  Toxicity  test method development
—  Generation of dose-response data
—  Development of methods to use data from toxicity
    testing and dose-response studies to estimate human
    morbidity and mortality; including extrapolation from
    animal data to human effects, from high to low doses,
    from acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
    exposure to dose.

The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERL) with
divisions in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina and
Cincinnati, Ohio, conducts research, both intramurally and
extramurally, which is responsive to these goals. Physical,
biological and chemical agents are studied; and research is
conducted in the scientific disciplines of pulmonary
                 75

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                   toxicology, genetic toxicology, neurotoxicology,
                   developmental and reproductive toxicology, microbiology,
                   and epidemiology and biometry.
Office of
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research develops the scientific and technological methods
and data necessary to understand, predict, and manage the
entry, movement, and  fate of pollutants in the environment
and the food chain, and to determine the effects of
pollutants upon nonhuman organisms and ecosystems.
  The Robert S. Kerr  Environmental Research Laboratory
in Ada, Oklahoma, conducts research on the chemical,
physical, and biological processes that affect contaminant
transport and transformation in subsurface environments.
The focus of the Laboratory's research  is on both ground-
water quality protection and utilization of the natural
assimilative capacity of the subsurface as a waste disposal
medium.
  The Environmental  Research Laboratory in Athens,
Georgia, conducts fundamental and applied research
required to predict and assess the human and
environmental exposures and risks associated with
conventional and toxic pollutants in water and soil
ecosystems. This research is focused on the identification
and characterization of the natural processes and
environmental or chemical properties that affect the fate
and effects of specific toxic substances, such as pesticides or
metals, and on the development of state-of-the-art
mathematical models for assessing and  managing
environmental pollution problems. The laboratory's Center
for  Water Quality Modeling distributes computer programs
for  selected models and provides training and assistance for
users in government, industry, and academia.
  The Environmental  Research Laboratory in Corvallis,
Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial and watershed
ecology and assesses the comprehensive ecological impact
of inland pollution and other environmental changes
caused by man. This includes the ecological effects of
airborne pollutants, such as acid deposition; the effects of
toxic chemicals on terrestrial plants, animals,  and
ecosystems; the assessment and restoration of contaminated
or degraded environments; the characterization and
assessment of the vulnerability of ecological systems such
as wetlands, to human impacts; and the ecological risks
from the terrestrial release of bioengineered organisms and
other  biological control agents.
  The Environmental  Research Laboratory in Duluth,
Minnesota, is primarily responsible for developing water
                 76

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quality criteria for the Nations' freshwater. Located on
Lake Superior, the laboratory specializes in the toxicology
of pesticides, industrial chemicals, and other pollutants in
freshwater ecosystems. The laboratory has six major
research programs to help protect aquatic life. The Great
Lakes Program has primary responsibility for describing
the fate and effects of pollutants in these waters. The Water
Quality Criteria Program develops methods for setting
numerical limits for industrial chemicals. The Complex
Effluent Program provides cost-effective methods for
managing the toxicity of wastewaters. The Structure
Activity Program is aimed at developing computer methods
for estimating the toxicity and fate of new chemicals  from
structure rather than testing. The Comparative Toxicology
Program develops methods to extrapolate hazard
assessment evidence between ecotoxicology and
mammalian toxicology. The Ecosystem Effects  Program
provides  methods for ecological risk assessment as well as
critical ecosystem property assessment.
   The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Narragansett, Rhode Island, with its Pacific Division in
Newport, Oregon, is the Agency's center for marine.
coastal, and estuarine water quality research. The
Laboratory's research and development efforts support
primarily the EPA Office of Water, responding mainly to
legislative requirements of the Clean Water Act, the Marine
Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, and  to a lesser
extent, the Toxic Substances Control Act. Major emphasis
is placed  on providing the scientific base for marine hazard
assessment and regulatory activities of that Office.
  The Laboratory is  responsible for the following research
program  areas: (1) estuarine and marine disposal  and
discharge of complex wastes, dredged materials, and other
wastes; (2) water use  designation and quality criteria  for
estuarine and marine water and sediment; and (3)
environmental assessment of ocean discharges. These
research program areas involve the development,
evaluation, and application of techniques  and test systems
for measuring and predicting the transport, fate, and
biological and ecosystem effects of complex and other
wastes in estuarine and marine systems.
   The Environmental Research Laboratory in Gulf Breeze.
Florida, is responsible for the following research programs:
(1) development of principles and applications of
environmental toxicology, including toxic chemical
exposure and effects  on marine organisms and ecosystem
processes; (2) development and evaluation of factors and
mechanisms that affect biodegradation rates and
bioaccumulation potential in food-webs; (3) development
                  77

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                   and verification of methods and data that allow
                   extrapolation from laboratory observations to field
                   situations, and from chemical structure to potential toxicity
                   and biodegradation rates; (4) determination of effects of
                   carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens in aquatic species
                   (individuals, populations); (5) development of aquatic
                   species and test systems as indicators of environmental and
                   human risk from exposure to chemicals; and (6)
                   development of methods  to evaluate environmental risk
                   due to genetically altered microorganisms and other
                   products of biotechnology.
Office of Acid
Deposition,
Environmental
Monitoring,
and Quality
Assurance
The Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance is responsible for: (a) monitoring
the cause and effects of acid deposition; (b) research and
development on the causes, effects and corrective steps for
the acid deposition phenomenon; (c) research with respect
to the transport and fate of pollutants which are released
into the atmosphere; (d) development and demonstration of
techniques and methods to measure exposure and to relate
ambient concentrations to  exposure by critical receptors;
(e) research, development and demonstration of new
monitoring methods, systems, techniques, and equipment
for detection, identification and characterization of
pollutants at the source and in the ambient environment
and for use as reference or standard monitoring methods;
(f) establishment, coordination, and review of agency-wide
Quality Assurance Program; and (g) development and
provision of quality assurance methods, techniques and
material including validation and standardization of
analytical methods, sampling techniques, quality control
methods, standard reference  materials, and techniques for
data collection, evaluation and interpretation.
   The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in
Research Triangle  Park, North Carolina, develops methods
to measure and monitor pollutants in ambient air and
emissions sources;  operates the quality assurance program
for measurement of air pollutants; develops techniques to
assess population exposure to air pollutants including total
human exposure models and field surveys; conducts
research on indoor air pollution; characterizes non-criteria
pollutants in air, including air toxics and supervises the air
quality monitoring performed in support of forest effects
studies including mountain cloud chemistry.
   The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in
Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts research and development
programs related to monitoring of pollutants in the
environment; develops sampling strategies and techniques
                  78

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                  for monitoring hazardous waste leachates in soil and
                  groundwater; develops remote sensing techniques; conducts
                  human exposure monitoring and modeling studies covering
                  several environmental media; evaluates analytical methods
                  for the characterization and quantification of hazardous
                  wastes; and provides quality assurance in support of the
                  EPA's hazardous waste, "Superfund," pesticides and
                  ionizing radiation, and acid deposition programs.
                     The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
                  in Cincinnati,  Ohio, standardizes analytical test procedures
                  to identify and measure major pollutants and
                  microorganisms of health significance in drinking water,
                  ambient receiving waters, and municipal and industrial
                  effluents;  operates the quality assurance program for the
                  monitoring data on water pollutants; develops screening
                  methods for use at hazardous waste sites; and provides
                  technical support to water and waste monitoring programs.

                     The Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory in
                  Research  Triangle Park, North Carolina, conducts a
                  research program in the physical sciences to detect, define.
                  and quantify air pollution as it relates to urban, regional,
                  and global atmospheres and acid deposition. It is
                  responsible for the development of mathematical models in
                  order to quantitate the relationships between emissions of
                  pollutants from all types of sources, air quality, and
                  atmospheric effects and the characterization of air
                  pollution  problems including, but not limited to, acid
                  deposition.
Office of
Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(OHEA) is responsible for assessing the effects of
environmental pollutants in varying exposure situations on
human health and ecological systems and determining the
degree of risks from these!exposures. The risk assessments
performed by OHEA are used by the Agency as the
scientific basis for regulatory and enforcement decisions.
OHEA's responsibilities  also include the development of
risk assessment guidelines and methodologies,  and
recommendations for new research efforts that will better
support future EPA risk assessment activities.
  Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for health
assessments of both single chemicals and complex
mixtures. Technical assistance to various Agency programs
and Regional Offices concerning acceptable pollutant levels
and dose-response relations are also provided.
                                    79

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  The Office includes five organizational groups:
  The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, is responsible for
preparing air quality criteria documents and air pollutant
health assessment documents for use in Agency regulatory
activities, as well as  legislatively required health-related
reports.
  The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office in
Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and hazard assessment
documents on water pollution and solid and hazardous
wastes and hazardous air pollutants.
  The Carcinogen Assessment Group evaluates the health
risks associated with exposure to suspect carcinogens and
prepares carcinogen assessments for use in the Agency's
regulatory and enforcement decision-making processes.
  The Exposure Assessment Group provides advice on the
exposure characteristics and factors of agents that are
suspected of causing detrimental health effects; provides
state-of-the-art  methodology, guidance, and procedures for
exposure determinations; and prepares independent
assessments of exposure and recommendations concerning
the exposure potential of specific agents.
  The Reproductive Effects Assessment Group prepares
assessments on  the risks associated with human exposure to
suspect mutagens, teratogens, and agents that  cause adverse
reproductive effects; is involved in developing  testing
methods and basic research designed to improve the
scientific basis for these assessments; and is active in
coordinating research in these interrelated end points.
                  80

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           ORD Office/Laboratory
           Abbreviations
CERI/CIN  Center for Environmental Research Information
             Cincinnati. OH 45268
             CML (513) 569-7391
             FTS 8-684-7391

ECAO/CIN Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
             Cincinnati. OH 45268
             CML (513) 569-7532
             FTS 8-684-7532

ECAO/RTP Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
             Research Triangle Park. NC 27711
             CML (919) 541-4173
             FTS 8-629-4! 73

EMSL/CIN Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
             Cincinnati. OH 45268
             CML (513) 569-7301
             FTS 8-684-7301

EMSL/LV  Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
             P.O. Box 93478
             Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
             CML (702) 798-2100
             FTS 8-545-2100

EMSL/RTP Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
             Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
             CML (919) 541-2106
             FTS 8-629-2106

ASRL/RTP Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory
             Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
             CML (919) 541-2191
             FTS 8-629-2191

ERL/ATH  Environmental Research Laboratory
             College Station Road
             Athens, GA 30613
             CML (404) 546-3134
             FTS 8-250-3134

ERL/COR  Environmental Research Laboratory
             200 SW 35th Street
             Corvallis. OR  97333
             CML (503) 757-4601
             FTS 8-420-4601

ERL/DUL  Environmental Research Laboratory
             6201 Congdon Boulevard
              Duluth. MN 55804
             CML (218) 727-6692
              FTS 8-780-5550
                            81

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ERL/GB    Environmental Research Laboratory
              Sabine Island
              Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
              CML (904) 932-53II
              FTS 8-686-9011

ERL/NARR Environmental Research Laboratory
              South Ferry Road
              Narragansett, Rl 02882
              CML (401) 782-3000
              FTS 8-838-6000

HERL/RTP Health Effects Research Laboratory
              Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
              CML (919) 541-2281
              FTS 8-629-2281

HWERL/   Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
  CIN         Cincinnati, OH 45268
              CML (513) 569-7418
              FTS 8-684-7418

AEERL/    Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
  RTF        Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
              CML (919) 541-2821
              FTS 8-629-2821

WERL/     Water Engineering Research Laboratory
  CIN         Cincinnati, OH 45268
              CML (513) 569-7951
              FTS 8-684-7951

OEETD/HQ Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
            Demonstration
              (RD-681)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202) 382-2600

OEPER/HQ Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
            Research
              (RD-682)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202) 382-5950

OER/HQ   Office of Exploratory Research
              (RD-675)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202) 382-5750

OHEA/HQ Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
              (RD-689)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202)382-7317
                               82

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OHR/HQ   Office of Health Research
              (RD-683)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202) 382-5900

OADEMQA/Office of Acid Deposition. Environmental
  HQ         Monitoring, and Quality Assurance
              (RD-680)
              Washington, DC 20460
              (202) 382-5767

RSKERL/   Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
  ADA       P.O. Box 1198
              Ada, OK 74820
              CM 1(405)332-8800
              FTS 8-743-2224
                               83

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                     ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim

Akland, Gerald

Barnes, H. M.

Bates, Ed

Baugh, Thomas

Berg, David

Bishop, Fred

Black, Frank

Blacker, Stanley

Bloch, Marvin W.

Booth, Robert

Bradow, Ron

Bromberg, Steve

Brunner, Carl

Burckle. John

Clark, Thomas A.

Clements, John

Condie, Lyman

Convery, John

Cook, Don

Cook, Philip M.
         Telephone


CML (919) 541-3443
    FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2346
    FTS 8-629-2346
CML (919) 541-2184
    FTS 8-629-2184
CML (513) 569-7774
    FTS 8-684-7774
CML (202) 382-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-5747
    FTS 8-382-5747
CML (513) 569-7629
    FTS 8-684-7629
CML (919) 541-3037
    FTS 8-629-3037
CML (202) 382-5763
    FTS 8-382-5763
CML (202) 382-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (513) 569-7301
    FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-5179
    FTS 8-629-5179
CML (919) 541-2919
    FTS 8-629-2919
CML (513) 569-7655
    FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7506
    FTS 8-684-7506
CML (513) 569-7301
    FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-2188
    FTS 8-629-2188
CML (513) 569-7211
    FTS 8-684-7211
CML (513) 569-7601
    FTS 8-684-7601
CML (202) 382-5982
    FTS 8-382-5982
CML (218) 720-5572
    FTS 8-780-5572
Cordle, Steven

Cortesi, Roger

Costa, Charles

Craig, Alfred B.

Cupitt, Larry

Daniel, Bernie

Dellarco, Michael

Dempsey, Clyde

DeRosa, Christopher

DeRosiers, Paul

Dial, Clyde

Dick, Marshall

Dickerson, Richard

Dimitriades, Basil

Donaldson, William

Duke, Tom

Durham, Jack

Durham, William F.

Eaton, John

Ehrlich, Alan

Ellison, Alfred
                                                                       Telephone
CML (202) 382-5940
    FTS 8-382-5940
CML (202) 382-5750
    FTS 8-382-5750
CML (702) 798-2305
    FTS 8-545-2305
CML (919) 541-2821
    FTS 8-629-2821
CML (919) 541-2878
    FTS 8-629-2878
CML (513) 569-7411
    FTS 8-684-7411
CML (202) 382-5794
    FTS 8-382-5794
CML (513) 569-7504
    FTS 8-684-7504
CML (513) 569-7531
    FTS 8-684-7531
CML (202) 382-5747
    FTS 8-382-5747
CML (513) 569-7528
     FTS 8-684-7528
CML (202) 382-2583
     FTS 8-382-2583
CML (919) 541-2909
     FTS 8-629-2909
CML (919) 541-2706
     FTS 8-629-2706
CML (404) 546-3184
     FTS 8-250-3184
CML (904) 932-5311
     FTS 8-686-9011
CML (919) 541-2183
     FTS 8-629-2183
CML (919) 541-2909
     FTS 8-629-2909
CML (218) 720-5557
     FTS 8-780-5557
CML (202) 382-7323
     FTS 8-382-7323
CML (919) 541-2191
     FTS 8-629-2191
                                       84

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Enos, Henry F.
Erinoff, Lynda
Farland, William
Farrell, Joseph
Graham, Judith
Grant, Lester
Hall, Robert E.
Hangebrauck, R. P.
Hill, Ronald D.
Hood, Ken
Jakobson, Kurt
Janetos, Anthony
Jaworski, Norbert A.
Jones, Julian
I Keeler, George
Keith, William
Kibby, Harold
Klee, Al
Kleffman, David
Knapp, Kenneth
Koutsandreas, John
Telephone
CM L (904) 932-53 11
FTS 8-686-90 11
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (202) 382-5898
FTS 8-382-5898
CML (5 13) 569-7645
FTS 8-684-7645
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4 1 73
CML (919) 541-2477
FTS 8-629-2477
CML (919) 541-4134
FTS 8-629-4 1 34
CML (513) 569-7861
FTS 8-684-7861
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (202) 382-5748
FTS 8-382-5748
CML (202) 382-5791
FTS 8-382-5791
CML (401) 782-3001
FTS 8-838-6001
CML (919) 541-2489
FTS 8-629-2489
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-22 12
CML (202) 382-5716
FTS 8-382-57 16
CML (503) 757-4625
FTS 8-420-4625
CML (5 13) 569-7493
FTS 8-684-7493
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (919) 541-3085
FTS 8-629-3085
CML (202) 382-5789
FTS 8-382-5789

Kreissl, James
Krishnan. Bala
Kuroda, Donna
Kutz, Frederick W.
Lackey, Robert A.
Laurie. Vernon
Laveille. Will C.
Levinson, Barbara
Lichtenberg, James
Lindsey, Alford
Linthurst, Rick A.
Lipka. Douglas
Logsdon. Gary
Lykins, Ben
Malanchuk, John L.
Maxwell. Michael
1
McCarthy, Bill
McCarty, James C.
McElroy, James L.
Mitchell, Charles
Mitchum, R. K.
Telephone
CML (5 13) 569-76 II
FTS 8-684-76 II
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (503) 757-4806
FTS 8-420-4806
CML (202) 382-5795
FTS 8-382-5795
CML (202) 382-5990
FTS 8-382-5990
CML (202) 382-5983
FTS 8-382-5983
CML (5 1 3) 569-7306
FTS 8-684-7306
CML (202) 382-4073
FTS 8-382-4073
CML (919) 541-4048
FTS 8-629-4048
CML (202) 382-5940
FTS 8-382-5940
CML (5 13) 569-7345
FTS 8-684-7345
CML (5 13) 569-7460
FTS 8-684-7460
CML (202) 382-5948
FTS 8-382-5948
CML (919) 541-3091
FTS 8-629-3091
CML (202) 382-2605
FTS 8-382-2605
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (702) 798-2361
FTS 8-545-2361
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (702) 798-2 103
FTS 8-545-2 1 03
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Mullin, Cynthia
Murphy, Thomas A.
Oppelt, E.
Ott, Wayne
Parish, Rod
Pashayan, Deran
Paur, Dick
Pearson, Gareth
Peterson, Spencer
Phillips, Richard
Plost, Charles
Plyler, Everett
Puzak, John
Rhodes, William
Rossman, Lewis
Royer, Michael
Russo, Rosemarie C.
Schomaker, Norbert
Schonbrod, Robert
Sexton, Ken
Shapiro, Paul
Telephone
CM L (5 13) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CM L (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CM L (5 13) 569-7696
FTS 8-684-7696
CM L (202) 382-5793
FTS 8-382-5793
CM L (904) 932-53 11
FTS 8-686-90 11
CM L (202) 475-8936
FTS 8-475-8936
CML (919) 541-3131
FTS 8-629-31 31
CML (702) 798-2203
FTS 8-545-2203
CML (503) 757-4605
FTS 8-420-4605
CML (919) 541-2771
FTS 8-629-2771
CML (202) 382-5796
FTS 8-382-5796
CML (919) 541-2918
FTS 8-629-29 18
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2 106
CML (919) 541-2853
FTS 8-629-2853
CML (513) 569-7603
FTS 8-684-7603
CML (20 1)340-6633
FTS 8-340-6633
CML (404) 546-3 134
FTS 8-250-3 134
CML (5 13) 569-7871
FTS 8-684-7871
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2229
CML (202) 382-5900
FTS 8-382-5900
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583

Snelling, Robert
Sorg, Tom
Spence, John
Stevens, Al
Swank, Robert
Talbot, W. Wade
Tang, Don
Thacker, Ray
Thomas, Nelson
Tingey, Dave
Trout, Dennis
Tucker, W. Gene
Ulvedal, Frode
Valcovic, Lawrence
Veith, Gil
Wallace, Lance
Weber, Cornelius
Wilder, Ira
Williams, Sam
Williamson, Shelly
Wilmoth, Roger
Telephone
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
CML (5 13) 569-7370
FTS 8-684-7370
CML (9 19) 54 1-2649
FTS 8-629-2649
CML (5 13) 569-7342
FTS 8-684-7342
CML (404) 546-3 134
FTS 8-250-3 134
CML (202) 382-5895
FTS 8-382-5895
CML (202) 382-2621
FTS 8-382-2621
CML (202) 382-5747
FTS 8-382-5747
CML (21 8) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (503) 757-4621
FTS 8-420-4621
CML (202) 382-5991
FTS 8-382-5991
CML (919) 541-2746
FTS 8-629-2746
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (202) 382-7303
FTS 8-382-7303
CML (218) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (202) 382-5792
FTS 8-382-5792
CML (5 13) 569-7337
FTS 8-684-7337
CML (20 1)32 1-6635
FTS 8-340-6635
CML (202) 382-5940
FTS 382-5940
CML (702) 798-2208
FTS 8-545-2208
CML (5 1 3) 569-7509
FTS 8-684-7509
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                              Telephone

Winter, John          CML (513) 569-7325
                         FTS 8-684-7325
Worlund, John        CM L (702) 798-2656
                         FTS 8-545-2656
Wu, Chieh            CM L (202) 382-5940
                           FTS 382-5940
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ORD Regional  Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional
Services Staff is responsible for planning, coordinating, and
reviewing a program to provide inter-communication and
assistance on all matters of mutual interest and/ or
responsibility of the Agency's Regional Offices and the
Office of Research and Development.
  Finally, for further information regarding EPA technical
assistance, or for additional copies of this report, please
contact:

Director, Michael L. Mastracci                (202) 382-7667
  Regional Services Staff (RD-674)
  Washington, DC 20460
Regional Liaison Officers                         Telephone
Gerald Rausa                                (202) 382-7667
Regional Services Staff
Washington, DC 20460

Morris Altschuler                            (202) 382-7667
Regional Services Staff
Washington, DC 20460
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            EPA  Regional  Offices
Region 1     Environmental Protection Agency
            Room 2203
            John F. Kennedy Federal Building
            Boston, Massachusetts 02203
            CM L (617) 565-3424
            FTS 8-835-3424
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Region 2    Environmental Protection Agency     New Jersey
            Room 900                         New York
            26 Federal Plaza                    Puerto Rico
            New York, New York 10278          Virgin Islands
            (212)264-2515
Region 3    Environmental Protection Agency
            841 Chestnut St.
            Philadelphia. Pennsylvania 19107
            (215) 597-9370
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia
Region 4    Environmental Protection Agency
            345 Courtland Street. N.E.
            Atlanta. Georgia 30365
            CM L (404) 881-2013
            FTS 8-257-2013
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Region 5    Environmental Protection Agency
            230 S. Dearborn
            Chicago. Illinois 60604
            (312)353-2073
 Illinois
 Indiana
 Michigan
 Minnesota
 Ohio
 Wisconsin
Region 6    Environmental Protection Agency     Arkansas
            1445 Ross Ave.                     Louisiana
            12th Floor, Suite 1200               New Mexico
            Dallas, Texas 75202                 Oklahoma
            CM L (214) 767-2630                Texas
            FTS 8-729-2630
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Region 7    Environmental Protection Agency     Iowa
            726 Minnesota Avenue               Kansas
            Kansas City, Kansas 66101            Missouri
            CM L (913) 236-2803                 Nebraska
            FTS 8-757-2803
Region 8    Environmental Protection Agency     Colorado
            999 18th Street                      Montana
            Suite 500                           North Dakota
            Denver, Colorado 80202-2405         South Dakota
            CML (303) 293-1692                 Utah
            FTS 8-564-1692                     Wyoming
Region 9    Environmental Protection Agency     Arizona
            215 Fremont Street                  California
            San Francisco, California 94105       Hawaii
            CM L (415) 974-8083                 Nevada
            FTS 8-454-8083
Region 10   Environmental Protection Agency     Alaska
            1200 6th Avenue                    Idaho
            Seattle, Washington 98101            Washington
            CML (206) 442-1465                 Oregon
            FTS 8-399-1465
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