United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/600/9-89/070
September 1989
Research and Development
FY-1990
EPA Research
Program Guide

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                         EPA/600/9-89/070
                         September 1989
           FY-1990
        EPA Research
       Program Guide

   October 1, 1989 - September 30, 1990
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      Washington,  DC 20460
            Printed on Recycled Paper

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Notice
The program descriptions and resource estimates included in this
document reflect the latest detailed information available at time of
publication. Time will change some of this information. In addition, the
resource figures have been.rounded off and some smaller programs
omitted. For the latest information, you may want to contact the
individual listed.

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Contents
Introduction	  1
How to Use the Program Guide 	  2
Air 	  3
 Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities  	  3
 Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities 	  7
 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)  	  10
 New Source Performance Standards and State
  Implementation Plans  	  13
 Indoor Air Pollution Activities  	  16
 Stratospheric Ozone  	  19
 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  (NHANES) 	  21
 Global Change Retearch  	  	  22
 Global Climate Change 	   24
 Health Effects Institute  	  25
Drinking Water  	  26
 Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants  	  26
 Groundwater Research 	  27
 Ground Water  	  27
 Drinking Water Technology  	  28
Water Quality 	  30
 Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting 	  30
 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology 	  31
 Wastewater Treatment Technology 	  32
 Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes  	  34
Hazardous Waste  	  37
 Alternate Technologies  	  37
 Incineration 	  37
 Land Disposal  	  39
 Quality Assurance  	  40
 Releases 	  40
 Modeling and Monitoring Releases  	  42
 Waste Characterization  	  43
 Waste Identification  	  45
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment 	,	  46
 Biotechnology	  46
 Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
  Agents 	  47
 Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 	  49
 Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 	  50
 Exposure Monitoring	  51
 Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation  	  51
 Special Human Data Needs  	  52
                               111

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Contents (continued)
 Structure Activity Relationships 	  52
 Support for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 	  54
 Engineering 	  54
 Test Method Development  	  56
 Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 	  57
 Asbestos  	  57
 SARA Title III  	  58
Pesticides  	  59
 Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest
  Control Agents 	  59
 Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment  	  60
 Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation  	   60
 Engineering 	  61
 Exposure	  62
 Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation  	  62
 Support  	  63
 Test Method Development  	  64
 Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
  Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities 	  65
Multi-Media Energy  	  66
 Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology  	  66
 Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base  	  66
 Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources  	  67
 Understand and Quantify Effects on Material and
  Cultural Resources 	  67
 Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects  	  67
 Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects  	  68
 Understanding Atmospheric Processes 	  69
Intermedia 	  70
 Manage ORD's Technology Transfer, Regulatory
  Support and Regional Operations Activities  	  70
 Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program  	  70
 Visiting Scientists Program	  72
 Exploratory Research Centers   	  73
 Exploratory Research Grants   	  74
 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program  	  75
 Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment
  (RIHRA) (Health)   	  76
Radiation  	  77
 Off-Site Monitoring Program   	  77
 Scientific  Support for Radon Program  	   77
Superfund   	  78
 Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
  Situation Assessment  	  78
                               IV

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Contents (continued)
 Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Requires
  Technologies for Response and Remedial Action, for
  Protecting the Personnel Involved and for Supporting
  Enforcement Actions  	  79
 Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund Program
  Requirements 	  80
 Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
  Regions   	  80
 Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
  Regional Offices  	  82
 Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and Detection  	  82
 Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
  Assessment and Detection Research  	  83
 Superfund Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts 	  84
 Innovative/Alternative Technology Research,
  Development, and Demonstration  	  85
 Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
  Waste Sites	  86
 Manage Hazardous Substance Research Centers
  Program  	  86
 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
  Program—Superfund  	  88
 Superfund Research Grants 	  88
Interdisciplinary  	   89
 Consistent Risk Assessment  	  89
 Total Human Exposure  	  90
 Ecological Trends	  91
Overview  	  92
Organization Chart 	  94
ORD Organization  	  95
ORD Organizational Descriptions   	  101
ORD Office/Laboratory Abbreviations  	  112
ORD Key Contacts  	  115
ORD Regional Contacts	  119
EPA Regional Offices  	  120

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Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates and provides
quality control for the progress of science. This report provides information
on th - research which EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much
we intend to spend on each program area, and on whom to contact for
further details. More than 60 percent of our research budget will be spent
through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements with
organizations outside of EPA's laboratories.
   It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of this
research by placing great emphasis upon open competition for extramural
support. We hope that the information in this report will stimulate
qualified parties and make their capabilities known to our research
managers so that we all might gain from sharing experience and expertise.
Please feel free to contact any of the parties listed in this report.

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How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of ORD's research program are organized first
by media such as air, water, hazardous wastes, etc. These categories are
further broken down into research foci such as scientific assessment,
monitoring and quality assurance, health effects, environmental
processes, and engineering technology. Each description is a very broad
summary of the research being done, where that research is being done,
who to contact for more information about the program, and both the
approximate total funding for that area and the percentage of total
funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research. Funding which is
not reserved for in-house research is spent through extramural contracts,
grants and cooperative agreements.
  For each program description, one or more contacts are listed along
with the major research areas to be pursued. For further information, you
may call the contacts. Their commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone
numbers are listed in a separate section near the end of this report. Where
two or more research laboratories are listed, please turn to the "EPA R&D
Organization" section of this report for descriptions of the major mission
and functions of each.
  Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be done in-house by
EPA's laboratories. The rest will be accomplished extramurally. Proposals
for funds for research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed and
are considered on a competitive basis. To receive information regarding
application procedures for extramural funds, please contact the person
indicated in the area of specific interest to you. In addition, approximately
fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support long-term
exploratory research. Information regarding funds for exploratory
research grants can be obtained from the:

Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750

  Finally, for further information regarding Office of Research and
Development research publications (600/series) or for additional copies of
this report, please contact:

Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562

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Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities

The engineering program for hazardous air
pollutants addresses problems in the industrial,
commercial, governmental (e.g., military), and
public sectors. The program is comprised of three
parts: (1) prevention of Hazardous Air
Pollutant/Volatile Organic Compound emissions;
(2) overcoming technical barriers to effective
application of control devices; and (3) direct
engineering technical support.
  Prevention of HAP/VOC emissions is
accomplished through development of engineering
control strategies involving the use of such options
as:

—Substitutes
—Alternative feedstocks and processes
—Recovery, reclamation, reuse
—Decision making systems for product
  manufacturers and formulators
—Special prevention techniques

  Overcoming technical barriers to control
VOC/HAPs and Particulate Matter less than 10
microns HAPs involves development and
evaluation of high-tech control technologies. Such
new, advanced technologies make control possible
where it was not feasible before. A good example is
the problems associated with controls for small
point and area sources. Overcoming barriers also
involves work with source-oriented controls for
problem sources such as woodstoves, flares,
municipal waste incinerators, chrome electro-
plating, and asbestos manufacture.
  In addition, resolving technical barriers
includes work to enhance cost/effectiveness of
existing types of generic air toxic controls such as
carbon adsorption, catalytic oxidation, and
particle controls.
  Other barriers that are being addressed are the
increasing complexity of application of multi-
pollutant air toxic controls. This work includes the
development of rapid-response computerized
assessment of source specific controls for
permitting and standards development. This

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Air
                      includes development and operation of a
                      "Situation Room" for quick, effective, consistent,
                      and quality assured engineering assessments.
                        Technical support includes direct support to
                      state and local agencies and EPA Regional Offices
                      through operation of the Control Technology
                      Center. It also includes source assessment (source-
                      related measurements to help define the
                      magnitude and character of air toxic emissions,
                      especially as related to application of controls. The
                      Integrated Air Cancer Program falls into this
                      area. Technical support includes also accidental
                      and short-term release hazard
                      identificati on/prevention.

                      Office or                     Total      Percent
                      Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                      AEERL/RTP  Wade Ponder       2,996.3       53
                                 W. Gene Tucker
                      OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick       150         75
                      Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
                      Activities
Health Effects     ^ne ^ea^^ research program in hazardous air
                      pollutants (HAPs) has three goals: (1) to develop
                      and validate techniques to evaluate the toxic
                      effects of HAPs, (2) to produce dose-response data
                      on the toxic effects of HAPs, and (3) to develop
                      methods which improve our ability to use
                      toxicological data in performing risk assessments.
                        Research is conducted on effects associated with
                      specific chemicals, chemical classes and complex
                      mixtures.
                        More broadly, there is a need to evaluate
                      whether prolonged exposures to ambient levels of
                      potential HAPs poses a significant health risk.
                      Primary research approaches are animal
                      toxicology and dosimetry studies. EPA researchers
                      will develop methods to provide data on the
                      genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of
                      HAPs. Emphasis of this research will be on the
                      toxic components of gaseous-aerosol complex
                      mixtures and source emissions.

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Air
                        Dose-response data on the mutagenic and
                     carcinogenic activity and noncancer end points
                     including neurotoxicity, physiological, and
                     pulmonary health effects of potential HAPs will be
                     determined. These HAPs will be selected based
                     upon assessments prepared by the Office of Health
                     and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) and
                     research needs identified by the Office of Air
                     Quality, Planning, and Standards (OAQPS). The
                     effects of selected chemicals suspected of being
                     hazardous to the nervous system will be studied.
                     The dose-exposure research will provide
                     quantitative information on the relationship
                     between dose (body burden) and human exposures
                     to toxic pollutants.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Ila Cote
            Susan Perlin
3,591.4
66
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities

The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local
levels continues. EPA has established monitoring
stations to detect and measure hazardous air
pollutants in selected urban areas. These stations
will function as a focal point for development and
evaluation of monitoring methods in ambient air.
Stationary source methods will be evaluated and
validated. Methods for asbestos, cadmium, nickel,
dioxins, and gaseous organics are needed. In
addition, certain advanced methods will be
evaluated, including cryogenic preconcenti ations,
gas chromatography and Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.
  To support quality assurance needs within the
program, reference samples will be developed and
maintained, guidelines for procedures will be
developed, and laboratory audits will be
performed.

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Air
                        A major ORD field program, the Integrated Air
                     Cancer Project, will continue to study the origins
                     and chemical composition of individual species of
                     toxics, mutagenic or carcinogenic pollutants which
                     are present in ambient air.
                        In the Characterization, Transport, and Fate
                     (CTF) research program, laboratory and field
                     studies will be conducted to determine the
                     atmospheric lifetimes and transformation
                     products of hazardous air pollutants; to determine
                     deposition and removal rates of hazardous
                     chemicals; and to identify the factors responsible
                     for concentration levels and spatial and temporal
                     (i.e., seasonal) variability of selected volatile
                     organic compounds. Also, research studies will
                     examine the atmospheric chemical and physical
                     processes  that are important in producing
                     mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere. The
                     information obtained from this program is used for
                     preparing health assessment documents to
                     determine if chemicals in the atmosphere present
                     a hazard.
                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact         Funds ($k) In-House

                     AREAL/RTP  John Clements     5,134.1      51
                                 Steve Bromberg
                     AREAL/RTP  Larry Cupitt       1,102.8      27
                       (CTF)
                     OMMSQA/HQ  Deran Pashayan        0          0
                     Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)
                     Regulatory Activities

Scientific          Scientific assessments of HAPs by the Office of
Assessment       Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA)
                     evaluate research findings concerning the health
                     effects of airborne substances emitted from
                     restricted stationary sources or their
                     transformation products, as well as background
                     information on physical and chemical properties,
                     sources, emissions, transport and transformation,
                     and ambient concentrations. Such assessments
                     also evaluate chemical compositions of fuels and
                     fuel additives, engine exhaust emissions, human
                     exposure to motor vehicle pollutants, and evidence
                     of resulting health effects.

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Air
                        The Agency strategy for assessing the toxicity
                      of various chemical substances nominated by the
                      Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
                      (OAQPS) includes the following steps: (1)
                      preparation of a summary health issue
                      assessment, i.e., an initial review of the scientific
                      literature concerning the key health effects
                      associated with a given chemical or class of
                      chemicals; (2) if the evidence suggests significant
                      health effects associated with exposure to the
                      substance(s) reviewed, a draft health assessment
                      document (HAD) is developed for review at a
                      public workshop; and (3) if the scientific peer
                      review supports conclusions on significant health
                      effects, a comprehensive health assessment is
                      developed for public comment and Science
                      Advisory Board review prior to final publication
                      and use in HAP listing and regulatory decisions.
                        There is a trend in FY-90 to assess the health
                      effects of complex mixtures of pollutants (i.e., all
                      emissions) associated with a particular facility or
                      site. This is a shift from EPA's past practice of
                      evaluating the health effects of a single chemical
                      in various exposure scenarios.
                        In addition, as part of the Agency's Air Toxic
                      Strategy, the scientific assessment program will
                      also provide direct assessment support to Regions
                      and States. This includes: (1) joint operation with
                      OAQPS of an Air Risk Information Support
                      Center (AirRISC) providing rapid response to
                      requests for technical assistance from State and
                      local agencies, and providing technical guidance
                      on issues related to health risk assessment of air
                      toxics; and (2) development of inhalation reference
                      dose (IRfD) values for non-cancer health effects
                      associated with toxic air pollutants.

                      Office or                      Total      Percent
                      Laboratory   Contact           Funds ($k)  In-House

                      ECAO/RTP    Lester Grant       2,774.1       60
                      Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
                      Activities
Health Effects    The health effects research program for mobile
                      sources provides health effects data for selected

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Air
                     emissions and transformation products associated
                     with motor vehicles. One goal of the research
                     conducted by the Health Effects Research
                     Laboratory is to develop methods and data that
                     can be used to characterize the risk of mobile
                     source emissions as a component of the total
                     human exposure to carcinogens and mutagens.
                     Methods will be developed to apportion the
                     potential cancer risk from alternative engine and
                     fuel types. The work will include the assessment of
                     DNA adducts as biomarkers of exposure,
                     dosimetry, or cancer risk from mobile source
                     emissions in comparative mutagenesis and
                     tumorigenesis bioassay systems in vitro and in
                     vivo.

                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Ila Cote
            Susan Perlin
222.9
48.7
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities

The major effort in the Characterization,
Transport, and Fate (CTF) portion of this program
is to characterize the emissions from motor
vehicles using both traditional fuels as well as
alternative fuels, such as methanol. Laboratory
studies of the impact of ambient temperature on
the emission rates of regulated and unregulated
pollutants from light duty motor vehicles will
continue. Emphasis will be directed to the
composition of organic emissions. Studies of the
relationship between fuel composition, including
gasoline and gasoline-alcohol blends, and the
composition and rate of tailpipe, evaporative, and
refueling emissions will continue. Other programs
will emphasize the development of analytical
procedures suitable for real-time measurement of
motor vehicle emissions. Procedures for
determination of the operating condition of motor
vehicle emission control devices will be evaluated.
Programs for examination, development, and  /
improvement of procedures for apportionment of
                                8

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Air
                      observed ambient pollution to motor vehicles will
                      be conducted.
                        Studies will also be conducted to characterize
                      organic emissions from motor vehicles under
                      widely variant operating conditions, i.e.,
                      temperature, speed, and fuels. Emission rates of
                      formaldehyde, benzene, paraffins, and other
                      organic compounds of interest will be determined.
                        Research in the Monitoring Systems and
                      Quality Assurance portion of the program focuses
                      on developing methodology for determining
                      exposures of the population to mobile source
                      pollutants. A general methodology has been
                      developed for measuring and modeling the
                      exposures of the population to carbon monoxide,
                      and this methodology has been successfully field
                      tested. Future research will extend this
                      methodology to other locations and, where
                      possible, to other mobile source air pollutants.
                      Detailed analyses of human exposure field data
                      collected in selected highway microenvironments
                      will be undertaken to develop improved commuter
                      exposure models incorporating traffic variables
                      (roadway type,traffic count, trip time, and
                      seasonal characteristics). Data on human activity
                      patterns and time budgets will be further
                      evaluated for use in exposure models. Improved
                      models of human activity patterns and
                      microenvironmental concentrations will be
                      developed and field tested.The Simulation of
                      Human Activities and Pollutant Exposure
                      (SHAPE) model will be modified and validated
                      using field data from another urban area.
                      Additional testing of basic assumptions
                      incorporated in the NAAQS Exposure Model
                      (NEM)will be undertaken. The purpose of the
                      research will be to improve the accuracy and
                      reliability of the Agency's exposure assessment
                      methodology for mobile source pollutants.
                      Office or                      Total      Percent
                      Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                      AREAL/RTP   Gerald Akland       455.0       55
                      OMMSQA/HQ  Wayne Ott            0         0
                      AREAL/RTP   Frank Black       1,567.9       47
                        (CTF)
                      OMMSQA/HQ  Deran Pashayan        0         0
                        (CTF)

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Air
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)

The purpose of this program is to provide scientific
information on atmospheric processes and
monitoring methodologies to support the Agency's
regulatory program on National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). The current
program will focus on inhalable particulate
matter, fine particles and acid aerosols research.
Research will also be conducted on the effects of
particles on materials; it will concentrate on the
influence of particle size and composition on the
soiling of paint.
  Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of this program improved air
pollution monitoring methods are being developed
to help determine air quality trends, support
compliance with standards, and meet enforcement
needs. The data from these methods are often used
as the basis for regulatory action. The areas
investigated include ambient methods
development, quality assurance guidelines and
audit materials preparation.
  Ambient methods development will focus on
measuring particulate matter in support of
anticipated changes to the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA researchers
will continue to analyze the mass and chemical
composition of the particles collected through the
Inhalable Particulate Network. Also, fiber filters
from the national, state, and local air monitoring
stations will be analyzed for trace metals and
benzo-a-pyrene. Also, a monitoring network will
continue to characterize visibility trends at
several eastern locations.
  Quality Assurance support will be provided
through a standard laboratory and repository of
quality assurance materials. Routine and special
audits will be conducted at laboratories making
ambient measurements and at compressed gas
vendors. QA guidelines, handbooks, data handling
systems and a precision and accuracy reporting
system will be maintained and updated. QA
procedures, materials, and audit techniques will
be developed for compliance monitoring.
                                10

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Air
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ

Contact
John Clements
James McElroy
William Wilson

Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)
1,542.4
262.3
776.9

0
Percent
In-House
24
35
12

0
                     National Ambient Air Quality Standards
                     (NAAQS)

Health Effects    This research program has three major goals: (1)
                     to provide data on health effects of exposures of 03,
                     NO2, CO, sulfur oxides, particles, and lead using
                     both human and animal studies; (2) to provide
                     better models to extrapolate animal data to
                     human effects; and (3) to develop improved test
                     methods for research into the physiological
                     responses of humans to the primary air pollutants.
                       Health effects research is conducted to refine
                     and improve the lexicological and epidemiological
                     data base relevant to criteria pollutants. Both
                     human and animal-dose response studies, as well
                     as mathematical modeling, will be given special
                     attention to determine the deposition, clearance,
                     and pulmonary function effects of particles, alone
                     and in combination with ozone, NO2 and 862-
                       Research will be done to improve the models
                     used to extrapolate animal biochemical and
                     metabolic responses to human effects. Both human
                     and animal experiments will provide data on the
                     functional, morphological, and biochemical
                     changes which occur following exposures to the
                     primary air pollutants, and provide extrapolation
                     techniques to predict human pulmonary
                     responses, including functional and
                     morphological, to gases and particles.
                       Animal, human clinical, and epidemiology
                     studies will provide data to determine the extent
                     to which the primary air pollutants cause or
                     exacerbate the development of noncarcinogenic
                     chronic disease. Biological endpoints to be
                     examined include development of cardiovascular
                     or pulmonary disease, aggravation  of existing
                     conditions, changes in biochemistry and host
                     defense mechanisms, and changes in pulmonary
                                11

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Air
                     structure or function. Emphasis is currently
                     placed on determining the acute and chronic
                     effects of 03 and NC>2 inhalation.
                       The health effects data from this research
                     program are incorporated into EPA criteria
                     documents which are used to set and revise
                     National Ambient Air Quality Standards
                     (NAAQS).
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Ila Cote
            Susan Perlin
15,362.5
26
E nvironmental
Processes and
Effects
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)

This research provides scientific support of
NAAQS by determining the effects of ozone on
forests, with emphasis on species of economic
importance. Selected forest species will undergo a
range of ozone exposure scenarios possibly
experienced in the forested regions of the United
States. The ecophysiological impacts of ozone will
be studiedin sensitive tree species, and studies of
the economic impact of ozone damage will
continue on economically and ecologically
significant forest species. The research on
exposure scenarios and tree responses will be used
to assess the risk from ozone on major
commercially valuable forest tree species.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     ERL/COR
                     OEPER/HQ
            Bill Hogsett
            Anthony C. Janetos
1,985.5
  13.2
35
 0
Scientific
Assessment
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)

The main objective of the NAAQS scientific
assessment program is to review and revise
criteria documents for sulfur oxides, particulate
matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other
                                12

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Air
                      photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide, and
                      lead. Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) are
                      mandated by the Clean Air Act and, as directed by
                      the Act, are revised at 5-year intervals. These
                      documents are evaluations of the available
                      scientific information on the health and welfare
                      effects of criteria pollutants. As such, criteria
                      documents are the primary source of information
                      used by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting
                      or revising the NAAQS.
                        Criteria document draft materials are
                      developed by EPA scientists and outside expert
                      consultants and are peer- reviewed by scientific
                      experts in public workshops. Subsequently, the
                      document drafts are revised and through
                      announcements in the Federal Register, the public
                      is invited to comment on the resulting external
                      review drafts, which are also reviewed in public
                      meetings by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory
                      Committee of EPA's Science Advisory Board. The
                      final documents are submitted to the Clean Air
                      Docket and are published concurrently with the
                      proposed regulatory decisions.
                        In FY90, work will continue on revision of the
                      Carbon Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen AQCDs
                      and on the assembling and updating of data bases
                      concerning ozone, acid aerosols, lead, and fine
                      particle-visibility relationships.
                      Office or
                      Laboratory

                      ECAO/RTP
            Contact

            Lester Grant
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
1,963.4
58
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans

Air quality models predicting the air quality
impacts associated with pollution abatement
strategies are used in the evaluation and
development of State Implementation Plans for
the control of photochemical oxidants and gases
and particles.
  The Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) portion of this program is responsible for
conducting air quality modeling and laboratory
                                13

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Air
                      studies to develop a single, defensible chemical
                      mechanism module for use in ozone air quality
                      simulation models. A regional ozone air quality
                      model recently developed is being used to support
                      ozone air quality standard development and
                      implementation. Models will be used to assess the
                      air quality impacts associated with various ozone
                      control strategy scenarios. In a cooperative
                      program involving ORD, the Program and
                      Regional offices, the Regional Oxidant Model
                      (ROM) will be used to assess the impact of long
                      range ozone transport in the Northeast. Also in
                      response to questions that have been raised
                      concerning the role of biogenic emissions in ozone
                      formation in the southeastern U.S., a research
                      program has been initiated to determine the role
                      of biogenic emissions and other factors that may
                      affect the attainment of ozone standards.
                        Field and laboratory studies to further develop
                      and test different source apportionment methods
                      (SAMs) are underway and will evaluate hybrid
                      SAM models with chemical composition and
                      meteorology for apportionment of regional
                      aerosols. In anticipation of a revised particulate
                      air quality standard based on inhalable
                      particulars field, smog chamber, wind tunnel,
                      water channel, and laboratory studies are being
                      used to develop and evaluate chemistry and
                      dispersion components of urban scale particulate
                      air quality models. Research is continuing to
                      develop a first generation regional particulate air
                      quality model (RPM). Cooperative transport and
                      fate studies with the Peoples Republic of China
                      will continue.
                        The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air
                      Pollution (UNAMAP) program is continuing to
                      evaluate models to prepare computer programs for
                      new versions of UNAMAP, prepare user's guides
                      and supplements, and provide modeling
                      consultation to users. Fluid modeling studies are
                      being conducted on the flow in the wake of
                      buildings.
                        Additional research activities in the
                      Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance area
                      emphasize the development of monitoring
                      methods and provision of quality assurance
                      samples and support. EPA's monitoring
                                14

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Air
                     methodologies for source air pollutants will
                     include evaluation, methods improvement,
                     preparation of operating guidance and manuals
                     for developed and commercial monitoring
                     instruments. A major effort will be conducted to
                     evaluate methods for PM10 monitors. Quality
                     assurance for the source monitoring program is
                     essential to ensuring that only data of known
                     accuracy and precision are used for regulatory and
                     enforcement decisions. Reference samples will be
                     provided and audits of laboratories making source
                     measurements will be continued.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
           Contact
                     AREAL/RTP  John Clements
                     EMSL/LV    James McElroy
                     AREAL/RTP  Gary Foley
                      (CFT)
                     OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)

2,714.0
 587.7
7,924.3

   0
Percent
In-House

  68
  53
  30
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans

Research in this program supports the
development of New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation
Plans by aiding in the development of pollutant
control technology which is cost-effective and
energy-efficient. The focus of the research is on the
reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds, NOX,
SOX emissions.
  Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a
major cause of non-attainment of photochemical
oxidant National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Extramural research will evaluate VOC
abatement technology such a,s adsorption, thermal
oxidation, and catalytic oxidation. Of particular
interest will be effective and affordable control
methods for small VOC-emitting industries.
  Combustion modification methods of
controlling NOX and other emissions will be
evaluated to determine combustion modification
(CM) methods for reducing NOX emissions and
improving the performance of utility and
industrial boilers. Prior research has proven the
                               15

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Air
                      CM methods can be effective for control of NOx as
                      well as other emissions, if each method is tailored
                      to the characteristics of the specific combustion
                      equipment (e.g., stoker or package boilers, coal or
                      oil burners, and internal combustion engines or
                      gas turbines). Research will evaluate an in-
                      furnace NOX reduction technique called reburning
                      which involves injection of fuel downstream of the
                      primary combustion zone. In-house reburning
                      experiments on pilot-scale combustors will be
                      continued and field test projects in a full-scale
                      coal-fired utility boiler will be started. In-house
                      tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems
                      for internal combustion engines will be completed.
                        Existing technology to control gaseous
                      pollutants is expensive. For new utility sources,
                      approximately 30% of boiler costs are attributable
                      to air pollution control. Design and performance
                      data for low cost, high-reliability emission
                      reduction technology are needed to support the
                      Agency's regulatory functions. Technical support
                      to regulated entities will.be provided by
                      conducting assessments and fundamental
                      research on technologiesffor reduction of stack
                      emissions of sulfur dioxide (SC>2).
                        SOX emissions reduction technology research
                      includes: In-house pilot efforts will emphasize
                      evaluation of low cost, more active sorbents and
                      additives for spray drying and other dry scrubbing
                      systems. A joint EPA/Electric Power Research
                      Institute symposium on SOX emissions reduction
                      via flue gas cleanup will be planned.

                      Office or                      Total      Percent
                      Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                      AEERL/RTP  Jim Abbott         1,760.5        54
                                 Everett Plyer
                      OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick        100         90
                      Indoor Air Pollution Activities

 Scientific          EPA's indoor air program is geared toward
 Assessment        identification, characterization, and ranking of
                      indoor air problems and assessment and
                      implementation of appropriate mitigation
                      strategies. EPA's research and analytical
                                 16

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Air
                     activities will pursue both source-specific and
                     generic approaches to indoor air pollution. From a
                     source-specific standpoint, the Agency will
                     identify high-risk pollutant sources and
                     characterize the exposures and health risks of
                     various populations to those sources. At the same
                     time the Agency will also pursue broad, cross-
                     cutting strategies aimed at assessing the total
                     exposure of people to indoor air pollutants and
                     developing the mitigation strategies that can
                     address multiple pollutants simultaneously
                     through improved building design and
                     management techniques.
                        Activities in FY90 in the area of scientific
                     assessment will include development of an
                     exposure assessment risk characterization
                     framework, updating and revising the Indoor Air
                     Pollution Information Assessment and the Indoor
                     Air Reference Data Base, determining the extent
                     of population exposure to indoor air pollutants,
                     and developing biological contaminant
                     measurement methods.

                     Office or                      Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds (Sk)  In-House

                     ECAO/RTP   Michael Berry       424.6       42
                     Indoor Air Pollution Activities

Health Effects    The §>°al of the indoor air health effects research
                     program is to determine whether exposure to
                     indoor air pollution contributes or leads to adverse
                     health effects. Indoor air often contains higher
                     levels of pollutants than outdoor air. Most
                     individuals spend over 80% of their time indoors.
                     Sensitive populations, e.g., children and the
                     elderly, may be at higher risk from exposure to
                     indoor air pollution. Therefore, the exposure, dose,
                     and effects from indoor air pollution need to be
                     factored into the total risk assessment of air
                     pollution.
                        A balanced program involving humans,
                     laboratory animals, and bioassay approaches will
                     be maintained to better understand the "sick
                     building syndrome." The approach to study the
                                 17

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Air
                     effects of indoor air is broad. Genetic bioassay
                     studies of the combustion products from indoor air
                     sources, including environmental tobacco smoke
                     and kerosene heaters, will be conducted in
                     chambers, test homes, and targeted field studies to
                     provide a comparative estimate of the potential
                     cancer risk from various sources. Human clinical
                     studies of volatile organic compounds will
                     continue to be conducted in chambers to determine
                     effects related to the "sick building syndrome."
                     Field and clinical studies will continue to evaluate
                     cotinine as a biochemical marker for nicotine.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Ila Cote
            Susan Perlin
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House

1,036.4        6
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Indoor Air Pollution Activities

Indoor air research consists of development and
testing of monitoring devices and the design and
implementation of field studies to identify and
quantitate pollutants indoors. This research
supports investigation of pollutant sources,
human exposures and health effects.
  Methods development research investigates
monitoring devices for pollution monitoring levels
in homes. Results are used to produce information
regarding proper use (sample locations and sample
times) and performance limitations of these
devices. This research will continue to develop and
test these devices, especially personal monitors, in
other microenvironments (buildings, vehicles,
etc.).
  Field studies to investigate spatial and
temporal variations in indoor air quality will be
designed and implemented in conjunction with an
intensive review of data needs. The program will
emphasize research on "sick building" where
elevated levels of pollutants can be observed.

Office or                     Total     Percent
Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

AREAL/RTP  Gerald Akland        669.0        18
OMMSQA/HQ Lance Wallace          0         0
                                 18

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Air
 Environmental
 Engineering
 and
 Technology
 Demonstration
Indoor Air Pollution Activities

The goal of the Indoor Air Quality program is to
develop information on (1) pollutant emission
rates from major sources, (2) indoor pollutant
levels, including chemical composition/
concentration, resulting from these sources, and
(3) the control of the pollutant levels by source
modification, air cleaning, and/or ventilation.
  The information will be used to (a) conduct risk
assessments of indoor pollutants or sources, and
(b) produce public information documents on
source emission testing protocols, emission factors,
and alternatives for controlling indoor air quality.
  Source emissions will be evaluated in small and
large test chambers, as well as test houses, to
determine the impact of critical variables (e.g.,
ventilation rate, temperature, humidity,
source/sink interactions) on emission rates and
pollutant levels. The performance and cost
effectiveness of control techniques, both
commercially available and new/innovative, will
be determined. Models will be developed and used
to evaluate the effect of source characteristics,
environmental variables, ventilation parameters,
and air cleaner effectiveness on the levels of indoor
pollutants.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact

                     AEERL/RTP  Gene Tucker
                     OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                            1,626.8
                             150
50
80
 Environmental
 Engineering
 and
 Technology
 Demonstration
Stratospheric Ozone

The Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory (AEERL) has an pngoing program to
address the implementation of the Montreal
Protocol and the U.S. regulation on ozone
depleting substances. AEERL has been working
with industry to achieve a voluntary standard that
will allow recycling of automotive air-conditioning
refrigerant and to facilitate use of recycling
equipment in repair shops. AEERL intends to
conduct a similar effort with industry on large
stationary refrigeration systems.
                                19

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Air
                        In 1990, AEERL with co-funding from the
                     Electric Power Research Institute will be
                     determining properties of new chemicals that
                     might be useful as replacements for the fully
                     halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
                     halons. Where successful properties are found,
                     preliminary testing will be done to ascertain their
                     applicability to certain end-uses. Results will be
                     made available to industry for their consideration
                     in further development of the chemical and/or its
                     uses.
                        One of the largest uses of CFCs is in
                     refrigeration systems. CFCs are used as the
                     refrigerant and in the insulation of the systems.
                     Refrigeration systems through their energy use
                     are also contributors to CC-2 emissions which
                     affect global warming. EPA is working with
                     industry and other government agencies to
                     explore the use of alternative refrigerants using a
                     different thermal cycle with redesigned hardware
                     which will also improve energy efficiency. At the
                     same time, methods of improving the insulation
                     without use of CFCs is being evaluated.
                        Halons are important fire extinguishants.
                     AEERL is working with industry and other
                     government agencies including the Department of
                     Defense in a program to determine critical uses of
                     halons and alternatives to current uses.
                     Alternatives may involve new chemicals or new
                     fire protection systems such as redesign of delivery
                     or containment systems. 1990 should see a better
                     understanding of the problems and definition of a
                     program to address them.
                        Nitrous oxide is also an important chemical in
                     the balance of stratospheric ozone. In 1989,
                     AEERL participated in a program to obtain
                     estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from
                     anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion sources. This
                     resulted in discovery of a sampling artifact which
                     had led to erroneous reporting of nitrous oxide
                     levels in the past by many researchers. Work is
                     now being done to improve the sampling
                     methodology and to utilize  the methodology to
                     determine the true significance of fossil fuel
                     combustion to nitrous oxide emissions for current
                     technology and systems under development.
                                20

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Air
                        Implementation of the Montreal Protocol may
                     also require an ability to detect CFCs in products
                     which are imported to a country and to have an
                     agreed upon destruction protocol for CFCs for
                     which a country wishes to obtain credit.
                        AEERL has been providing a limited effort in
                     each of these areas in support of international
                     meetings in preparation for technical assessments
                     which will be conducted in 1990 under the
                     Montreal Protocol provisions.

                     Office or                      Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact           Funds ($k) In-House

                     AEERL/RTP  William Rhodes     1,000.0        10
                     OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick          0         0
                     National Health and Nutrition
                     Examination Survey (NHANES)

Health Effects    The third National Health and Nutrition
                     Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is one of a
                     series of surveys conducted by the National Center
                     for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the purpose of
                     producing vital and health statistics for the
                     United States. Six NHANES studies have been
                     completed since 1960. NHANES-III will be
                     conducted for six years, from 1988-1994. During
                     this time, approximately 40,000 Americans ages 2
                     months and over will be randomly selected from
                     households, interviewed and invited to participate
                     in medical examinations at mobile examination
                     centers. Approximately 30,000 individuals will
                     undergo the medical examination which includes
                     a physical examination and diagnostic and
                     biochemical testing. The sample is a statistically
                     representative sample of Americans with
                     oversampling of the very yoiing, the elderly,
                     Blacks and Hispanics.
                        Some of the topics to be studied in NHANES-III
                     are nutrition status monitoring, osteoporosis,
                     arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular disease,
                     diabetes, gallstone disease, AIDS, kidney disease,
                     and growth and development of children.
                        Research and public health goals include the
                     following: (1)  estimating the prevalence of disease
                                21

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Air
                     and risk factors; (2) estimating the incidence of
                     certain diseases; (3) estimating the prevalence of
                     functional impairment; (4) providing population
                     reference distributions of health characteristics
                     including growth and development; (5) monitoring
                     secular changes in diseases and risk factors; and
                     (6) identifying new risk factors for disease and
                     reasons for secular trends in health.
                        EPA and other Federal agencies have
                     collaborated with NCHS in previous NHANES
                     studies and in NHANES-III. EPA has participated
                     in the planning of NHANES-III and has funded
                     two specific research areas: neurotoxic disorders
                     and pulmonary function.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Contact
            Susan Perlin
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
 560.0
10.7
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Global Change Research

Increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon
dioxide and other radiatively important trace
gases (methane, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, etc.) have raised concerns
about potential climate change among the general
public and members of the scientific community.
Additionally, concerns about decreasing
stratospheric ozone have emerged. Scientific
information on global change, including both
climate change and stratospheric ozone influences,
is required to assist decision makers in developing
sound policies. However, much uncertainty exists
about how these global changes derive from or
may impact specific geographic regions, ecological
systems, and human activities.
  Emissions of greenhouse gases have been
increasing, so clearly, understanding of sources
and sinks must be improved, to evaluate the
relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural
sources of these gases. In addition, chemical
transformations that occur in the troposphere and
stratosphere, and which help determine the net
radiative forcing that results in the green house
                                22

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Air
                     effect, will be studied. Development of a second-
                     generation carbon emissions model is also
                     currently ongoing. This research, in close
                     conjunction with the Department of Energy, will
                     develop a global model capable of handling
                     emissions scenarios with more sophistication than
                     is currently available, allowing more realistic
                     assessment of the consequences of making specific
                     changes in emissions rates.
                        Ecological effects are important potential
                     consequences of climate change. Research into
                     these potential effects is ongoing, with a focus on
                     the relation between climatic conditions and
                     boundaries between major ecosystems, such as
                     between forests and grasslands. When completed,
                     this research should provide insight for resource
                     managers into the magnitude of latitudinal and
                     longitudinal shifts of major ecosystems that might
                     be associated with specific climatic changes.
                        Another important research effort is the
                     investigation of effects of decreasing stratospheric
                     ozone that allows increased ultraviolet flux (UV-
                     B) at the earth's surface. Research conducted
                     under the Agency's stratospheric ozone depletion
                     program will continue in terrestrial and aquatic
                     ecosystems, human health, and emissions and
                     mitigative solutions. Studies of the effects of UV-B
                     radiation on terrestrial ecosystems will continue
                     with an emphasis on determining the relationship
                     between UV-B dose and other anthropogenic
                     factors such as global climate change. Research
                     will also continue on UV-B effects on the marine
                     food web and biogeochemical cycling. Further
                     evaluation will be made of alternate compounds to
                     CFCs and halons, and in technologies to replace
                     those used for such purposes as refrigeration,
                     insulation, and fire extinguishment. Research will
                     continue on developing ways to reduce emissions
                     of chemicals that contribute to stratospheric ozone
                     depletion, including CFCs, halons, and nitrous
                     oxide, and to transfer technology within the U.S.
                     and to developing nations. Support for
                     determining the effect or need for modification of
                     the Montreal Protocol will continue, in
                     cooperation with other nations.
                        While research on potential causes and
                     consequences of global change is important,
                                 23

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Air
                     research on possible options for adapting to or
                     mitigating change is also important.
                     Opportunities exist for technological advances,
                     such as intensive reforestation, or energy
                     efficiency and conservation, and these should be
                     explored, particularly if they have additional
                     environmental benefits. The potential for reducing
                     emissions will be a major focus of ORD effort.
                     These technologies include both biological
                     approaches, such as reforestation, and industry-
                     related analyses, ^such as increased energy
                     efficiency.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     OEPER/HQ

                     AREAL/RTP

                     ERL/ATH
                     ERL/COR
                     ERL/DUL
                     ERL/NARR
            Anthony C. Janetos
            Robert C. Worresi
            Peter L. Finkelstein
            Richard D. Stern
            Richard G. Zepp
            Peter A. Beedlow
            John G. Eaton
            Henry A. Walker
Total
Funds ($k)

19,647
Percent
In-House

  13
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Global Climate Change

As a result of increased national and international
concern regarding potential significant changes in
global climate, OEETD has expanded its program
in this area. The expanded global emissions and
control program, which is integrated with the
OEPER program, consists of three major elements:
Emissions, Models, and Mitigation. Emissions
research includes development of global and
regional emission factors, activities, and functions
for anthropogenic and biogeogenic sources, to
prepare accurate current emissions inventories of
radiatively important trace gases. Modeling
activities include development of models to
generate future global emission estimates and to
predict the impact of potential policy and
mitigation strategies on these global emissions.
Mitigation activities include assessment of
emissions management techniques and their  ,
applicability to industrialized and developing  .
countries, and selected development and
demonstration of promising techniques to
                                24

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Air
                      accelerate their commercialization and
                      application to reduce emissions of radiatively
                      important trace gases.

                      Office or                      Total      Percent
                      Laboratory   Contact           Funds ($k)  In-House

                      AEERL/RTP   Richard Stern       2,000.00      10
                      OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick          0         0
                      Health Effects Institute

Health Effects    A. significant part of the health effects research on
                      mobile source emissions is conducted through the
                      Congressionally mandated Health Effects
                      Institute (HEI). HEI is jointly sponsored by EPA,
                      through extramural funding, and the automobile
                      industry to perform research on the health effects
                      of pollutants related to mobile sources.
                        The research focuses on various mobile source-
                      related pollutants, including carbon monoxide,
                      oxidants (ozone and nitrogen dioxide), diesel
                      exhaust and alternative fuels such as methanol.
                      Important areas of health research conducted by
                      HEI include: development and use of biological
                      markers; identification and characterization of
                      susceptible populations; determination of dose to
                      target tissue; assessment of susceptibility to
                      infection; examination of mechanisms of injury
                      and/or disease; and evaluation of
                      neurotoxicological and behavioral effects.

                      Office or                      Total      Percent
                      Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                      HERL/RTP
                      OHR/HQ     Susan Perlin       3,000.0        0
                                 25

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Drinking Water
Health Effects
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants

This research program provides dose-response
data on organic and inorganic contaminants found
in drinking water. In addition, toxicological
methods are developed and validated for the
purpose of improving the relevance of toxicological
data to regulatory issues and to improve the risk
characterization process.
  Increasing emphasis will be on determining the
health effects of exposure to disinfectants and
their by-products.  Research will focus on
determining the health effects resulting from
exposure to alternative disinfectants (e.g., ozone,
chloramine) and their by-products. Work will be
done to improve methods for extrapolating health
effects research data in order to assess the risks
associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple
chemicals in binary and complex mixtures.
Epidemiology studies on the relationship between
disinfectants and cancer cardiovascular disease,
and reproductive effects will be conducted.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Jack Fowle
            David Kleffman
6,640.6
48
 Scientific
 Assessment
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants

Revision of national drinking water regulations
and health advisory guidance given to the States
requires an assessment of the potential hazard to
human health from exposure to chemicals in
drinking water. The health assessment documents
prepared under this program take the form of both
criteria documents and health advisories. These
documents are assessments of the health effects of
exposure to contaminants in drinking water. They
specifically evaluate the relevant scientific data
describing the physical and chemical properties,
the pharmacokinetics, the health effects in
animals and humans, and the mechanisms of
toxicity. The health assessments are prepared for
                                26

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Drinking Water
                     various chemicals as requested by EPA's Office of
                     Drinking Water (ODW). This risk assessment
                     process enables ODW to establish a Maximum
                     Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), representing a
                     level designed to preclude the risk of an adverse
                     effect on human health.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                     ECAO/CIN  Cynthia Sonich-Mullin  785
                                       58
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Groundwater Research

Geophysical research will be conducted for
mapping and monitoring fluid movement from
injection wells; for detecting near-surface
contamination from abandoned wells and
movement along fracture zones; and, for the
evaluation of seismic hazards associated with the
underground injection process. In support of EPA's
Wellhead Protection Program, guidance on
monitoring strategies for Wellhead Protection
Areas will be prepared and case studies for
monitoring system design will be developed.
Additional research will involve the
quantification of the spatial characteristics of
pollutants in drinking water and the application of
modeling techniques to assist in groundwater
quality sampling decisions.

Office or                    Total      Percent
Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

EMSL/LV    Robert Snelling       973.5       35
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint           0         0
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Ground Water

Ground water is a major source of drinking water
for the nation. This research program provides
both technical information and improved methods
for predicting contamination movement and
transformation. The research focuses on methods
development for and studies of subsurface
transport and fate processes such as biological
transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis,
                               27

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Drinking Water
                     and ion exchange. Facilitated transport research
                     will address complex mixture processes such as
                     multiphase transport and solvent composition
                     effects on sorption. In addition, micelle- and
                     DOC/colloid-aided transport will be addressed.
                     The results of the research will allow better
                     human exposure assessments from ground-water
                     contamination. This research is closely
                     coordinated with that in Hazardous Waste,
                     Superfund, and Pesticides.
                        Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of
                     in-situ aquifer restoration techniques will
                     potentially lead to cleanup where previously the
                     cost was prohibitive. Promising laboratory
                     techniques will be evaluated on actual
                     contamination incidents.
                        Field evaluation of techniques for determining
                     the mechanical integrity and adequacy of
                     construction of injection wells will occur. Work to
                     develop technological alternatives for regulating
                     Class V wells will continue.
                        Methods will  be developed for risk assessments
                     in wellhead protection areas, and technical
                     transfer activities associated with this and other
                     programs will be emphasized.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     RSKERL/ADA James McNabb     4,779.7       29
                     OEPER/HQ   Barbara Levinson     493.4       66
                     ERL/ATH     LeeMulkey         338.6       20
 Environmental
 Engineering
 and
 Technology
 Demonstration
Drinking Water Technology

To support revision of the national drinking-water
standards, this program provides data on the
technologies available, what they can attain in
terms of drinking-water quality, and what they
cost. Focus is on the removal of synthetic organic
compounds, organics responsible for the formation
for disinfection by-products with emphasis on
ozone, inorganic and microbiological
contaminants, drinking-water residuals, and on
problems related to maintaining water quality in
distribution systems including corrosion and
                                28

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Drinking Water
                     assimilable organic carbon (AOC) studies.
                     Emphasis will be on developing cost information
                     for treatment processes and for entire water
                     systems. Evaluation will also be made of the
                     tradeoffs in planning for rehabilitation of older
                     water systems. In addition, efforts will be made to
                     address the problems of small utilities and to
                     assist the states and municipalities in complying
                     with maximum contaminant levels.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact

                     RREL/Cin     Robert Clark
                     OEETD/HQ   Bill McCarthy
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                            5,400
                               0
63
 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Drinking Water Technology

This program will provide support for the Agency-
wide mandatory quality assurance program. The
ten regional laboratories will be evaluated
annually in support of the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations monitoring
certification program. This program will also
conduct methods development research and
provide analytical procedures to produce precise
and accurate total measurement systems for
chemical, radiochemical and microbiological
analysis, and will investigate the application of
innovative technologies to the analysis of drinking
water contaminants. It will provide technically
and economically feasible analytical procedures to
monitor contaminants for use by the Agency,
States, municipalities, and operators of public
drinking water systems.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact

                     EMSL/CIN    Thomas Clark
                     EMSL/LV     Robert Snelling
                     OMMSQA/HQ  Chris Saint
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                            2,765.1
                             308.7
                               0
60
95
 0
                                29

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Water Quality
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach!Permitting

The monitoring research program develops
chemical, physical, and biological methods for
measuring site-specific and ambient water
pollutant concentrations.
  Research emphasizes new measurement
method standardization and development of
quality assurance support such as guidelines,
calibration materials, and performance audits.
Additionally, research seeks to extend the
sensitivity of chemical methods for measuring
toxic chemicals in water. Research on biological
monitoring methods also includes developing
methods which screen toxic concentrations of
pollutants in ambient waters, rather than
identifying specific substances. Quality assurance
procedures for chronic and acute toxicological
effects monitoring, standardization of microbial,
viral sampling, and analysis methods are
provided. Virus sample preservation and assay
protocols will be standardized. Research on
physical measurement methods concentrates on
documenting the validity and accuracy of
sampling and analysis regimes. The quality
assurance program which provides quality control
calibration materials and procedures for
standardization of chemical and biological
analysis also conducts two audits of analytical
methods performance yearly.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
            Contact
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
                     EMSL/CIN    Cornelius Weber
                                 James Lichtenberg
                                 John Winter
                     OMMSQA/HQ  Chris Saint
                            1,921.3
            95
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting

A water quality-based approach to pollution
control provides for correction of ambient water
quality problems that remain after mandated
pollution control technology (e.g., secondary
treatment, effluent guidelines) is in place. This
requires the ability to translate water quality
                                30

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Water Quality
                     standards into specific effluent conditions and
                     discharge limitations for municipalities and
                     industries. Research will be undertaken to provide
                     the necessary information and scientific tools,
                     including: water quality criteria development/
                     modification protocols; contaminated sediment
                     assessment techniques; wasteload allocation
                     techniques: and complex effluent testing
                     procedures. Research on the water quality
                     functions of wetlands, and cumulative effects of
                     wetlands loss and the impacts of mitigation of
                     wetlands will also be conducted.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     ERL/ATH
                     ERL/COR
                     ERL/DUL
                     ERL/NARR
                     OEPER/HQ
            Contact

            Robert Swank
            Tom Murphy
            Nelson Thomas
            Norbert Jaworski
            Chieh Wu
Total
Funds ($k)

 880.0
 696
2,972.7
1,570
1,129.5
Percent
In-House

   82
   83
   81
   74
   31
Scientific
Assessment
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
EPA's overall research program with regard to
water quality emphasizes development of the
scientific and technical base to help States develop
site-specific standards and to conduct use-
attainability analyses. The scientific assessment
program will provide guidance for assessing the
risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic
chemicals, and evaluate site-specific health
hazards as required by the States and EPA. As a
part of this effort, EPA develops documentation for
the specific risk assessments.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                            Total
                            Funds ($k)
                     ECAO/CIN   Cynthia Sonich-Mullin  255
          Percent
          In-House

            68
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems and
 Quality
 Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Technology
Research will support the Agency in the
implementation of technology-based effluent
limitation regulations and the modification of
enforcement activities as required by water
quality-based permit adjustments. Methods
standardization research will be directed to the
                                31

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Water Quality
                     improvement of precision, accuracy, and method
                     detection limit of existing regulated inorganic and
                     organic contaminants. Research will also validate
                     and correct analytical methods for the analysis of
                     high priority industrial wastewater components as
                     well as evaluate alternative analytical methods to
                     support the National Pollution Discharge
                     Elimination System (NPDES) program.
                        Quality assurance activities include
                     conducting both the target survey and full audit of
                     some 7,000 major NPDES permitees for the
                     annual Discharge Monitoring Report Quality
                     Assurance (DMRQA) study; maintenance of a
                     repository for distribution of calibration, quality
                     control, and performance evaluation samples; and
                     the conduct of performance evaluation studies.
                     The research program will support NPDES
                     quality assurance by providing quality control
                     samples and protocols and by maintaining the
                     standards repository, including auditing
                     monitoring systems data reliability, DMRQA, and
                     documentation of precision and accuracy.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
            Contact
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
                     EMSL/CIN   James Lichtenberg
                                John Winter
                     OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
                             813.6

                               0
            98

             0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Wastewater Treatment Technology

The wastewater technology research program
provides the technical information and
engineering assistance needed to develop and
implement the regulations and guidance for
disposal of sludge and control of pollution from
municipal treatment plants to bring plants into
compliance with state discharge permits. This
program also provides the research in industrial
wastewater characterization and control
technology needed to support the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The
program focuses on toxicity reduction evaluations
to support the development of water quality-based
permit limitations in municipal wastewaters, and
best conventional technology and best available
                                32

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Water Quality
                     technology limitations in industrial wastewaters.
                     Design, cost and performance information for
                     sludge stabilization, pathogen reduction, and
                     dewatering processes will be proved to support
                     sludge regulation implementation and
                     refinement. Focus is also on supporting the new
                     wastewater treatment technologies development
                     and infrastructure protection.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     RREL/Cin
                     OEETD/HQ
            Contact

            Clyde Dial
            Don Tang
Total
Funds ($k)

5,777.0
   0.0
Percent
In-House

  40
   0
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology

This research will identify and determine
distribution of unlisted chemicals in industrial
wastewaters. Compounds that can be identified by
empirical mass spectra matching as well as those
that elude identification by this technique will be
included. This research will also study the
biological functions of constructed wetlands in the
treatment of wastewater from small community
and;acid mine drainage.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact

                     ERL/ATH     William Donaldson
                     ERL/COR     Larry Kapustka
                     ERL/DUL     William Sanville
                     OEPER/HQ   ChiehWu
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                             303.1
                              85.0
                              90.0
                               0
            100
              0
              0
              0
Health Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology

Health effects research focuses on human health
aspects of municipal wastewater and sludge
disposal. The data from these studies are used by
the Agency for formulation of regulations,
permits, and guidelines under the Clean Water
Act. One emphasis, at present, is on land use and
disposal of municipal sludges which requires
careful assessment of the effects on human health
of exposure to pollutants contained in the sludges.
                                33

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Water Quality
                     Research will focus on developing and validating a
                     battery of short-term tests for predicting the
                     potential health effects from exposure to complex
                     mixtures in wastewaters and sludge.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     HERL/CIN
                     OHR/HQ
            Jack Fowle
            David Kleffman
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
496.3
100
Scientific
Assessment
Wastewater Treatment Technology

The scientific assessment program provides risk
assessment methodologies for chemicals and
pathogens in support of regulatory decision
making on the use and disposal of municipal
sludge. Numerical criteria and/or management
practices for pollutants in sludge are developed
based on the risk assessment methodologies. The
use and disposal options are landfilling, land
application (including distribution and
marketing), incineration, ocean disposal, and
surface impoundment.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     ECAO/CIN   Cynthia Sonich-Mullin  367
                                        25
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes

This program has three components: ocean
disposal, coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
  To support ocean disposal permit decisions,
there is a need to provide decision makers with
rationale and procedures which are scientifically
sound. These should provide guidance for the
acquisition of information and the interpretation
of this information in order to support ocean
disposal permit decisions. Under the ocean
disposal research program, emphasis will be given
to the development and testing of procedures to
better evaluate the impacts of ocean disposal i
actions; development of procedures to  satisfy
monitoring needs for permit, surveillance, and
                                34

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Water Quality
                     hazard assessment application; and development
                     of procedures for predicting the bioaccumulation of
                     contaminants and evaluation of the significance of
                     bioaccumulation processes, resultant tissue
                     residues and biological effects.
                       Methods for better source control decisions in
                     the NPDES and construction grants program are
                     needed for estuaries and near coastal waters.
                     Emphasis will be given to the development/testing
                     of biomarker assessment methods, development of
                     wasteload allocation models for estuaries, studies
                     of ecosystem recovery, and eutrophication.
                       The Great Lakes research program will
                     measure, describe and predict the distribution,
                     movement, fate, and effects of toxic substances in
                     nearshore "areas of concern" identified by the
                     US/Canada Water Quality Agreement. Emphasis
                     will be given to problems involving in-place
                     pollutants and mass balance modeling. This
                     program will also provide the International Joint
                     Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes National
                     Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and Great
                     Lakes states with technical support and research
                     data synthesis related to activities under the
                     US/Canada Water Quality Agreement.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                     ERL/NARR
                     ER17GB
                     ERL/DUL
                     OEPER/HQ
            Norbert Jaworski
            Rod Parish
            Oilman Veith
            Sam Williams
4,088
 122.9
1,807.0
 433.8
 70
100
 25
 60
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes

The aim of this program is to develop, evaluate,
and validate standardized chemical, biological and
microbiological methods for the analysis of
contaminants in marine, estuarine and other salt
water matrices. The near-coastal areas of the U.S.
are economically some of our richest and most
sensitive ecosystems. Standardized methods are
needed by the Regions for the National Estuaries
Program and other activities.
  Currently, EPA does not have standardized
methods and reference materials for monitoring
                                35

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Water Quality
                      and regulation of chemical constituents and
                      pollutants in marine and estuarine waters and
                      sediments.
                        Available methods will be reviewed for
                      applicability in marine and estuarine
                      environments and revised as necessary. Methods
                      not applicable will be modified or new methods
                      development initiated, AS needed, using state-of-
                      the-art technology. On-going methods
                      development activities and plans for new methods
                      research will be reviewed and modified, if
                      appropriate, to include marine and estuarine
                      methods. Research will be conducted to determine
                      the applicability of existing nutrient, metal, trace
                      elements, and biological materials for use as
                      quality control and performance evaluation
                      samples. Application of these quality assurance
                      materials to marine and estuarine waters will be
                      coordinated with the Regions and the ORD Office
                      of Environmental Processes and Effects' marine
                      laboratory.

                      Office or                     Total     Percent
                      Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                      EMSL/CIN    Thomas Clark       790.9      60
                      OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint           0         0
                                36

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Hazardous Waste
 Environmental
 Engineering
 and
 Technology
 Demonstration
Alternate Technologies

The Treatment program examines both existing
and emerging alternative techniques for treating
or detoxifying hazardous materials. Emphasis
continues to be placed on those waste streams
which will be banned from land disposal facilities.
  Research and demonstration of existing and
emerging technologies will be conducted for those
waste streams assigned high priority by OSWER,
waste streams which are difficult to cost-
effectively treat by available technology and waste
with high potential for hazardous air emissions.
Emphasis will be on characterization and pilot-
scale testing of newly listed hazardous waste
streams.  Assistance in the review of permits for
alternative technologies in the technical
assistance and project monitoring for such projects
will be provided.
  A major portion of the research is now devoted
to reducing the production of pollutants at their
source. Major investigation will be conducted to
define assessment techniques to measure the
reduction in quantities of pollutants produced and
to identify potential areas for pollutant reduction.
Evaluation of technologies for reducing the
pollutants discharged will be conducted.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                     RREL/Cin
                     OEETD/HQ
           J. Convery
           C. Rogers
           H. Freeman
           K.Jakobson
7,951.9
   500
20
33
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration

Incineration research focuses on four areas:
characterizing performance of existing thermal
technologies; developing methods of rapid cost-
effective compliance monitoring of these facilities;
characterizing the products of incomplete
combustion and their formation conditions; and
developing methods to predict performance to
avoid process failure and control process
reliability. The research is conducted at laboratory
                               37

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Hazardous Waste
                     and pilot-scale facilities in Cincinnati, Research
                     Triangle Park, and Jefferson, Arkansas. The
                     hypotheses from this program are verified in full-
                     scale field tests. The program examines
                     conventional incineration as well as high
                     temperature industrial processes.
                        Research on the incineration of municipal
                     waste will also be conducted to determine the
                     effectiveness of the process in destroying the
                     hazardous components of the waste and to
                     determine the characteristics of the ash produced.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                     RREL/CIN    C.Dempsey       3,087.9        33
                     AEERL/RTP   R.Hall             400         100
                     OEETD/HQ   K.Jakobson         200.0       100
                     Incineration

Health Effects    Research on the potential carcinogenic and non-
                     carcinogenic health effects of emissions and
                     residues from hazardous waste incineration (HWI)
                     and municipal waste combustion (MWC) will focus
                     on the following objectives: Perform a comparative
                     assessment of the mutagenicity and
                     carcinogenicity of the products of incomplete
                     combustion (PICs) from HWI in comparison to
                     MWC and other industrial and residential
                     combustion sources. Identify the principal
                     mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals in HWI and
                     MWC emissions by using bioassay-directed
                     chemical characterization. Determine the
                     relationship between exposure, tissue dose and
                     target cell (DNA) dosimetry for the purpose of
                     providing data needed for risk assessment.
                     Support the evaluation of engineering and control
                     technology parameters by using short-term
                     bioassays in the evaluation of these parameters to
                     determine operational conditions which will
                     minimize risk. Provide a comparative assessment
                     of waste disposal alternatives. Evaluate the
                     toxicity of HWI and MWC emissions, collected
                     after dilution, in in vivo target cell bioassays and <
                     short-term in vivo assays. Evaluate the
                     bioavailability of metals from soil ingestion.
                                38

-------
Hazardous Waste
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Joellen Lewtas
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,480.2 44
Scientific
Assessment
Incineration

A comprehensive risk assessment methodology for
municipal waste incineration is being developed in
this program to include the appropriate methods
for assessing the risks resulting from the use of
municipal waste incineration as well as assessing
the risks remaining after the waste has been
burned.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                     ECAO/CIN   Cynthia Sonich-Mullin   398
                                       25
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal

With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay
liners will be studied and the effectiveness of
alternative closure and monitoring procedures for
surface impoundments will be investigated.
Technical Resource Documents will be updated for
use by regional and state agencies for permitting
hazardous waste disposal facilities and for
enforcing applicable regulations. This program
will update documents for disposal facility design,
operation, maintenance, and closure.
  Research is also being conducted to characterize
air emissions from hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities and to assess
methods to control them.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     RREL/CIN
                     OEETD/HQ
           N. Schomaker
           K. Jakobson
Total
Funds ($k)

2,377.0
 100
Percent
In-House

   31
  100
                               39

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Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance

To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, quality
control (QC) samples will be provided to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories conducting
RCRA monitoring. Calibration standards will also
be provided for Appendix IX compounds to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories. Natural
matrix, liquid and solid performance evaluation
samples will be developed and distributed to
RCRA contractors, EPA, and state laboratories
conducting RCRA hazardous waste analyses.
Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels
encountered in the environment will be developed.
Statistical data on the laboratory evaluations will
be reported to the Office of Solid Waste. Referee
laboratory analyses on all RCRA samples will be
conducted. Traceability to National Institute for
Standards and Technology for PE, QC, and method
validation study samples prepared for RCRA
monitoring activities will be provided.
                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     EMSL/CIN   John Winter        708.8       11
                     EMSL/LV    Robert Snelling      752.4       25
                     AREAL/RTP  William Mitchell     207.9       27
                     OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh        0         0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Releases

In order to determine whether underground
storage tanks (UST) containing hazardous wastes
are leaking, an evaluation of basic leak detection
monitoring methods for outside an UST will be
conducted. This will include: the establishment of
candidate performance criteria for several classes
of monitoring techniques; the development of a
test protocol for determination of the performance
criteria; and testing of the "most promising" leak
detection methods to validate the test procedure
and to establish that instrumentation presently
exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
                                40

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Hazardous Waste
                       Network design for the placement of leak
                     detection devices will focus on the excavation zone
                     around tanks with emphasis on vapor monitoring.
                     However, monitoring in the saturated zone and in
                     native soils will also be considered.
                       Field measurements will be conducted and
                     existing private and local/state experiences with
                     leak detection will be investigated. Technical
                     guidance will use a panel of experts to develop a
                     "decision tree" approach to provide guidance for
                     the many and varied sites throughout the country.
                     New technologies for leak detection monitoring,
                     such as fiber optics and geochemical sensors, will
                     be evaluated.
                       The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates
                     that Spill Prevention Control and
                     Countermeasure plans be prepared for all
                     facilities engaged in the production, storage,
                     processing, and distribution of hazardous
                     materials. EPA regional offices are responsible for
                     ensuring compliance.
                       The OMMSQA provides remote sensing
                     techniques for monitoring. Support will be
                     provided to the Regions for the development and
                     revision of monitoring techniques.

                     Office or                      Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact           Funds ($k)  In-House

                     EMSL/LV    Robert Snelling      1,135.5       23
                     OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh         0         0
E n vironmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases

Underground storage tank (UST) research is
evaluating prevention, detection, and corrective
action technologies to identify cost-effective,
reliable techniques and equipment for USTs.
Early work is producing state-of-the-art
documents for each type of technology. The
primary focus of ongoing work is the evaluation of
leak detection technologies at a test apparatus in
Edison, NJ, and the targeting of high potential
technologies for improved performance. Best
engineering practices for leak prevention, the
detection of leaks, and site cleanup will be
documented.
                                41

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Hazardous Waste
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                     RREL/CIN
                     OEETD/HQ
           J. Farlow
           R. Nalesnick
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
1,787.9
 200.0
20
50
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Releases

Within this activity, research is conducted to
address evaluation of cleanup techniques for
unplanned releases of hazardous wastes, i.e., the
determination of the applicability and cost-
effectiveness ofin-situ reclamation techniques for
unsaturated-zone and ground-water
contamination resulting from leaking
underground storage tanks and other hazardous
waste sources.
  At RSKERL/Ada, coordinated laboratory and
field tests of biological, physical, and chemical
methods, previously tried at hazardous waste
sites, are being conducted to determine their cost
and applicability to cleanup of pollutants from
leaking underground storage tanks.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact

                     RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                              80.8
            100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Modeling and Monitoring Releases

The purpose of the program is to develop and
evaluate pollution plume models and process
monitoring techniques that assist State and local
governments, planning committees, industry and
private citizens assess and respond to risks posed
by hazardous substance releases. The Agency now
requires reporting of all releases into the
environment. The regulated community, as well
as state and local governments, require tools for
accurately reporting releases and predicting their
paths. Advances in the state-of-the-art for
dispersion modeling will be undertaken in order to
develop more realistic treatment of atmospheric
releases. A rigorous, standardized, statistically
meaningful methodology for model evaluation is
                               42

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Hazardous Waste
                     required to validate the accuracy of new models.
                     Capabilities will be developed to monitor the air
                     space around known suspected sites of volatile
                     organic compound releases.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
           Contact
                     AREAL/RTP  William McClenney
                     OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)

  90.0
   0
Percent
In-House

   0
   0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Waste Characterization

Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-
effective manner requires methods and data for
predicting toxicity of waste materials and
evaluating the concentrations of these materials
at some point of exposure, and then integrating
these methods for different media into single
evaluation techniques which incorporate
uncertainty into the predictions.
  ERL/Duluth is developing procedures and data
to evaluate waste characteristics and closure
criteria for impacts on aquatic habitats and
lifeforms. Batteries of toxicity tests, protocols for
identifying which components in a mixture
actually cause toxic responses, and predictive
effects models for single waste constituents are
being developed.
  Providing field-evaluated methods and data to
predict the concentrations of hazardous chemicals
in the subsurface environment from the
treatment, storage, or disposal of wastes is the
thrust of the program at RSKERL/Ada. Physical,
chemical, and biological processes that govern the
transport rate, transformation, and fate of wastes
are evaluated and their mechanisms are described
in mathematical models. These, in turn, are
evaluated through field experiments.
  Integrated, multimedia mathematical models
and data are being developed by ERL/Athens for
implementing land disposal decisions and
evaluating waste management and treatment
needs based on potential human health and
environmental impacts. Probabilistic techniques
are developed and used to address uncertainty.
                                43

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Hazardous Waste
                     The various media models are coupled to produce
                     both screening-level and more site-specific
                     multimedia exposure assessment packages.
                        ERL/Corvallis is evaluating the biological
                     hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
                     and sediments and is determining the
                     bioavailability (including uptake, translocation,
                     and metabolism) of hazardous chemicals by plants
                     and animals. Multimedia protocols are being
                     tested and field ,-alidated in various
                     environmental settings at waste and spill sites.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                     ERL/DUL     Philip M. Cook       594.7       100
                     RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb   2,432.7        54.8
                     ERL/ATH     Rosemarie C. Russo  3,197.6        29.6
                     ERL/COR     Lawrence Kapustka   214.7        53.4
                     OEPER/HQ    WillC.LaVeille      924.7        32.6
                      Waste Characterization

 Scientific          This program provides chemical-specific health
 Assessment        anc^ environmental effects documents to support
                      Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
                      3001 listing decisions. Support is also provided to
                      the land disposal restruction program in the form
                      of reference dose documentation. The permitting
                      effort of the Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
                      Facility (TSDF), Office of Solid Waste and
                      Emergency Response (OSWER), is supported by
                      providing technical evaluations and assessments
                      of specific issues that arise in that process. Efforts
                      to refine risk assessment methods and provide risk
                      assessment tools related to hazardous waste are
                      also conducted in this program.

                      Office or                     Total      Percent
                      Laboratory Contact           Funds ($k)  In-House

                      ECAO/CIN    Christopher DeRosa  2,302        43
                                 44

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Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification

To improve procedures to characterize wastes for
listing under RCRA, research will be conducted to
develop methods for characterizing and detecting
particular wastes and providing criteria for
determining if those wastes constitute a potential
hazard. The lack of standardized methods
emphasizes the immediate need for a
comprehensive program to assure that data of
known quality are being collected. Methods will be
tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soil
and sediments, for detection of organics in the
ambient air of waste disposal facilities, and for
determining the reactions of wastes in all media.
A validation of the analytical methods contained
in the SW-846 document is being conducted.
  Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites
will be improved, including statistics for sampling
design and evaluated standard methods. RCRA
and disposal regulations require the
establishment of a groundwater monitoring
program at most facilities, including detection and
compliance of saturated and vadose zone
monitoring. Of particular importance is
subsurface monitoring of sites and investigation of
new techniques for monitoring soils, and biota,
ambient air, and waste incineration emissions.
Methods will be developed to detect trace metals in
groundwater, ambient water,  and sludges.
  Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principal organic
hazardous constituents from waste incinerator
stacks. Validated methods for continuous
monitoring of carbon monoxide and hydrochloric
acid emissions from incinerators will be developed.
                     Office or                     Total     Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                     EMSL/CIN    William Budde       914.6       45
                     EMSL/LV     Robert Snelling     5,742.4       30
                     AREAL/RTP   John Clements       566.6       17
                     OMMSQA/HQ  Thomas Baugh         0         0
                                45

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Biotechnology

The biotechnology research effort is concerned
with interactions between microorganisms and
ecological processes in an attempt to develop
comprehensive knowledge of the biochemical,
physiological, and genetic mechanisms involved.
The program will examine the potential
environmental risk associated with the
application of genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs).
  Assessment of environmental impacts of GEMs
requires reliable methodologies for their
identification and enumeration in environmental
samples. The methods must address the analytical
and operative criteria required for any monitoring
program. They must be sensitive and specific to
differentiate GEMs from the background of
indigenous organisms. They have to be feasible,
accurate, reproducible, and widely applicable
since samples will differ greatly from one another,
such as leaf surfaces and freshwater reservoirs.
  Contained aquatic and terrestrial laboratory
systems (microcosms) are used to assess the fate of
GEMs in various ecosystems. The fate  of microbes
in microcosms is compared with fate in natural
systems to assess the validity of laboratory data.
  Research in this area applies techniques of
molecular and classical genetics to  ecological
studies to assess survival and growth of novel
microorganisms. Questions of specific niche
requirements, selective advantages of new
genotypes, and potential for causing harmful
effects to populations, ecosystems, or processes
will be examined. The research also addresses
genetic stability of altered microorganisms,
including transmissibility of plasmids and other
genetic information in situ. All extramural monies
will be expended by the laboratories subsequent to
final planning actions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                     ERL/GB     Raymond G.Wilhour  889.3        27
                     ERL/COR    Thomas Murphy      222.2       100
                     OEPER/HQ   Sam Williams      2,782.2        0
                               46

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
BiotechnologyIMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

This research program plan addresses the three
primary engineering-oriented research concerns
posed by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in
its implementation of the Premanufacturing
Notice (PMN) process of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA):

• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate release
  of the modified genome or organism from the
  site of production (e.g., in effluents);

• availability and effectiveness of containment
  controls or destruction techniques; and

• worker exposure, particularly due to aerosols.

  In order to satisfy these concerns, the program
is divided into two programs. The first addresses
biologically based manufacturing processes, the
second addresses deliberate application to a
specific environmental area in a remedial action to
destroy or detoxify another pollutant present in
that environment.
  Data bases are being developed for assisting
with the PMN review under the first sub-program.
These will permit assessment of the occurrence,
magnitude, and degree of risk management
applicable to deliberate and accidental release
from biologically based manufacturing processes.
Models are being developed along with an
information base which OTS will use as a guide for
identification of potential hazards and
implementation of safeguards for reduction of risk
to acceptable levels.
  Because genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs) have already been
developed for applications requiring deliberate
release into the environment, the second
subprogram addresses the development of
procedures for assessing the  safety aspects of the
engineering techniques for introducing these
microorganisms into the environment.
Information being developed will allow an
assessment of the risk of migration from the site
                               47

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                     and of the management techniques to prevent or
                     minimize this migration.
                       A number of application techniques will be
                     addressed using scenarios appropriate to the
                     environment likely to be encountered, (e.g.,
                     farmland). Applications considered for evaluation
                     include: agricultural formulations; pollutant
                     clean-up and control (spills, landfills,
                     contaminated sediments, oil spills); tertiary oil
                     recovery; in-situ mineral recovery (metals
                     leaching, oil shale).
                       The engineering assessment protocols for
                     release and exposure are being structured to
                     account for several sets or combinations of various
                     biological properties, or subsets, and appropriate
                     applications involving deliberate environmental
                     release. Further effort is being devoted to
                     identifying specific data (chemical, physical, and
                     biological) that will be required as inputs to the
                     engineering risk-assessment protocol so that data
                     can specifically be developed and submitted as
                     part of the PMN review procedures.
                       Finally, from advance sampling studies on
                     decontamination technology, experimental
                     procedures on kill-tank efficiency, to ensure 100%
                     kill are being developed. Evaluation of
                     containment approaches will be completed.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                           Total     Percent
                           Funds ($k) In-House
                     RREL/Cin
                     OEETD/HQ
           John Burckle
           Bill McCarthy
520
  0
15
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

This research evaluates and standardizes
monitoring methodology to identify and quantify
release of genetically engineered microorganisms
or biotechnology products into the environment.
Standardized procedures are developed into  ,-
guidelines for routine monitoring applications to
assess either human exposure or environmental
impact of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms
(GEMS) release.
                               48

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                    Office or                     Total      Percent
                    Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                    EMSL/LV    Stephen Hern        262.0      24
                    OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco       0.0       0
Health Effects
Biotechnology IMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

Biotechnology research is aimed at the
development of methods to evaluate the potential
health hazards of genetically engineered
organisms and the products of these
microorganisms. Potential mechanisms of action
and screening methods for adverse mechanisms
are being investigated. Models are being
developed to assess the potential dispersal
capability of genetically engineered genes.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                    HERL/RTP
                    OHR/HQ
           Hal Zenick
           Randall Bond
487.4
32.5
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment

Environmental risk assessment studies on the
linkage of environmental exposure and
ecotoxicology hazard assessment techniques, and
development of methods to evaluate risks
continues. The goal is to be able to predict toxic
risk to varied ecosystems and components within
acceptable limits of uncertainty.
  The ecotoxicology studies include the
movement, transformation and ultimate
disposition of toxic substances in all
environmental media as a critical component of
risk assessment. How plants and animals or
ecosystems are affected by toxic substances are
also the subjects of this research effort. Research
goals include the identification of important
endpoints and development of mathematical
modeling techniques (population; transport) to
integrate data and depict risk. Input data will
include such results as lab to field comparative
                               49

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Toxic  Chemical Testing/Assessment
                     responses, measurements of ecosystem resistance
                     and resilience, population changes (mortality;
                     feeding behavior), biota uptake and system
                     recovery. The validated predictive tools and the
                     results will be used in regulatory decision-making
                     and as a guide to formulating regulatory criteria
                     and standards. All extramural monies will be
                     expended by participating laboratories subsequent
                     to final planning actions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     ERL/ATH
                     ERL/COR
                     ERL/DUL
                     ERL/GB
                     OEPER/HQ
                     ERL/NARR
           Contact

           Rosemarie C. Russo
           Thomas A. Murphy
           Gilman Veith
           Raymond G. Wilhour
           Sam Williams
           Norbert Jaworski
Total
Funds ($k)

 345.8
  72.3
 113.7
   0.0
 986.0
  13.3
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
  100
    0
    0
  100
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/F'ate/Field Validation

This research encompasses the determination of
the effects, movement, transformation, and
ultimate disposition of toxic substances and their
degradation products that inadvertently enter into
all environmental media. This program provides
information on how plants and animals and larger
ecosystems are affected by exposure to toxic
substances caused by accidents in commerce and
industry. Specific activities include developing
and validating techniques for assessing hazards,
exposure and estimation of the fate of existing
chemicals.
  Information developed in the above studies
provides data necessary for hazard and exposure
assessments and for designing mathematical
models of chemical transport, transformation and
fate. Research addresses such problem areas as:
intermedia transfer, characteristics of chemicals
(e.g., chemical kinetics/hydrolysis rate constants)
and the processes of the receiving environment;
comparative toxicological responses; system level
effects (e.g., community alterations); effects of
toxicants on animal and plant development and
applied chemical structure-activity techniques,
methods for measuring ecosystem recovery and
abiotic transformation. Research results help the
                                50

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                    Agency to determine potential adverse impacts of
                    toxicants and to help formulate preventative or
                    remedial actions.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact
                    ERL/ATH
                    ERL/GB
                    ERL/COR
           Rosemarie A. Russo
           Raymond G. Wilhour
           Thomas A. Murphy
Total
Funds ($k)

 840.6
 851.7
 783.3
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
  100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring

Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardizing
monitoring methods to estimate total human
exposure and population exposures. Human
activity patterns are studied to improve estimates
of exposure. Total human exposure data are used
to construct models to estimate an individual's
pollutant exposure in all media. Microenviron-
ment studies are conducted to fill data gaps.

Office or                    Total     Percent
Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

EMSL/LV    Stephen Hern      1,259.0      43
AREAL/RTP  DalePahl          533.1      20
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco       0        0
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation

This research is aimed at providing techniques to
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessments.
Techniques are needed to extrapolate between
adverse effects seen in animal species and human
health effects and between high doses used in
animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. Dosimetry models are
being developed for oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes of exposure. Biological markers research
focuses on the development of indicators of
biological dose and resulting effects for eventual
application to studies of human populations.
                               51

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                    Office or
                    Laboratory   Contact
                    HERL/RTP
                    OHR/HQ
           Hal Zenick
           Randall Bond
                          Total     Percent
                          Funds ($k) In-House
4,445.1
  34.8
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation

This research evaluates physiological,
biochemical, genetic and immunologic techniques
as indicators of human exposure to chemical
pollutants. These biomarkers are tested for
sensitivity, selectivity and reliability in human
exposure monitoring systems.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory   Contact
                    EMSL/LV
                    OMMSQA/HQ
           Stephen Hern
           Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)

 268.2
  0
Percent
In-House

  30
   0
 Health Effects
Special Human Data Needs

This research is designed to provide information to
assist in identifying and regulating existing
chemicals with potential human health risks.
Research focuses on developing epidemiological
and biostatistical methods. Efforts in biochemical
epidemiology are underway to identify and
evaluate biomonitoring and screening methods for
potential application to human environmental
epidemiology.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory   Contact
                          Total     Percent
                          Funds ($k) In-House
                    HERL/RTP
                    OHR/HQ
           Hal Zenick
           Randall Bond
1,483.7
  23.6
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Structure Activity Relationships

This research is designed to determine the
disposition of new toxic chemicals in all
environmental media and to determine if selected
plants and animals might be affected. This
                              52

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                     involves developing structure-activity
                     relationships (SAR) with methodologies based
                     upon molecular structure characteristics to
                     rapidly assess the environmental fate and toxicity
                     of new chemicals. Structure-activity develops
                     those data bases and mathematical models which
                     are used for predicting exposure, bioaccumulation,
                     toxicity, and fate. Activities include the
                     development of data bases on plant uptake, fate of
                     organic chemicals, toxicity to fish and reactivity of
                     chemicals (e.g., photolytic, electrophilic,
                     nucleophilic).  Integrated into this research is data
                     on transport and transformation of both organic
                     and inorganic substances in freshwater and
                     multimedia environments and application of SAR
                     to predict effects of new chemicals on biota. The
                     latter includes determination of and predictions on
                     toxic mechanisms and microbial transformation
                     and metabolism. Expert systems are being applied
                     to the SAR approach. Computer based predictive
                     programs are in use in regulatory evaluations.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact           Funds ($k)  In-House

                     ERL/ATH    Rosemarie C. Russo    351.2      100
                     ERL/DUL    Oilman Veith        516.4       65
                     Structure Activity Relationships

Health Effects    Methods are being developed to use combinations
                     of descriptions based on molecular structure to
                     predict enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other
                     activities of new chemicals to support section 5 of
                     TSCA. Techniques include pattern recognition
                     and statistical and thermodynamic analyses. In
                     addition, chemical data bases are being
                     constructed for use in predicting toxicological
                     responses for new chemicals with similar
                     structures.

                     Office or                    Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     HERL/RTP   HalZenick          972.8        46.5
                     OHR/HQ     Randall Bond
                                53

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)

Quality assurance research is conducted to
support routine monitoring and assessment.
Studies are underway to evaluate the data used in
environmental monitoring field studies and
networks for risk assessments. Reference
chemicals and analytical spectra for chemical
compound identification are produced to provide
standardization procedures and guidelines for
program offices field studies.

Office or                    Total      Percent
Laboratory   Contact         Funds ($k)  In-House

EMSL/CIN   John Winter        196.0      15
EMSL/LV    Stephen Hern       444.0     31
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco       0        0
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)

The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Toxic Substances in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and
exposure. These activities support decision-
making under TSCA (i.e., existing chemicals,
Preliminary Manufacturing Notice (PMN) review,
and test guidelines and test rules development).
                   Office or
                   Laboratory

                   OHEA/HQ
           Contact

           William Farland
Total     Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
 120.7
96.2
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering

This program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) in its implementation of the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA). The program focuses
                             54

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                     on the development of predictive capabilities to be
                     used in assessing release and exposure levels for
                     the review of Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs)
                     for new chemicals, and the techniques and controls
                     for ensuring "no risk" exposure to existing
                     chemicals.
                       The "new chemicals" subprogram has developed
                     the manufacturing and processing of these
                     chemicals from both the unit operations and "an
                     industrial-setting" perspective. Research in the
                     operations area has focused on drying and
                     filtration equipment. Emphasis has been placed on
                     the frequency of exposure, and the magnitude and
                     duration of inhalation and dermal exposure levels
                     in the work place. Additional emphasis has been
                     directed toward simulating the "real-world"
                     environment.
                       Research in the industrial-settings area has
                     been concentrated on those manufacturing
                     scenarios found in the polymer processing
                     industry. Emphasis has been directed toward
                     exposures associated with the off-gassing of
                     monomers, degradation products, and polymer
                     additives.
                       In the fate assessment subprogram, emphasis
                     has been placed on water soluble compounds
                     which, ultimately are subjected to secondary
                     wastewater treatment, and in particular,
                     activated sludge treatment. Based on the high
                     numbers of azo-dye PMN submissions, these dyes
                     remain a priority for investigation.
                       In the past, agency guidance has been developed
                     from the best- engineering judgment concept.
                     Research is continuing to evaluate the
                     effectiveness of current guidance which includes
                     removal, and in situations where the asbestos-
                     containing materials is to be left in place,
                     operations and maintenance procedures.
                       To satisfy the needs of AHERA, efforts will
                     evaluate transportation and disposal options, and
                     attempt to indicate the "least-burdensome"
                     strategy when several "risk-free" options are
                     available. Over the next three years, the program
                     will shift toward developing cost-effective
                     removal/containment technologies and addressing
                     the broader area of controlling all harmful
                     respirable and durable fibers.
                               55

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                    Office or
                    Laboratory
           Contact
RREL/Cin    Roger Wilmoth
OEETD/HQ   Bill McCarthy
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                                               2,400
                                                  0
                                      25
                                       0
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Test Method Development

To assess environmental hazards, research focuses
on developing, improving and validating single
and multi-species toxicity tests for chronic and
acute toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. The
developed methods support development of testing
guidelines for TSCA and provide basic data for
determining exposure and appropriate endpoints
that can be related to real-world situations.
  Test methods development for aquatic biota
provides new or modified bioassays which support
toxicological evaluations on such concerns as
uptake from contaminated sediments,
extrapolations from species to species and
determining carcinogenic potentials of chemicals.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact
                    ERL/DUL
                    ERL/GB
           Gilman Veith
           Raymond G. Wilhour
                           Total
                           Funds ($k)

                            145.5
                            281.5
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Test Method Development

Test method development research is conducted to
improve procedures to identify and quantitate
chemical compounds of interest. Emphasis is
placed on development of biological and chemical
procedures to measure chemicals in different
media including biological monitoring and
immunochemical procedures. New statistical
techniques are developed for spectra analysis.

Office or                    Total      Percent
Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House
                                      i
EMSL/LV    Stephen Hern       610.0       41
AREAL/RTP  DalePahl          277.0       22
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco       0         0
                               56

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Health Effects
Test Method Development

Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, EPA
must provide industry with guidance to test
chemicals for potential hazards to public health. In
order to base regulatory decisions on the best
possible data, reliable test methods must be
developed for incorporation into test guidelines.
The goal of this research is to develop short-term,
cost-effective, predictive methods for detecting the
toxic effects of chemicals. These test systems
include both in vitro and in vivo methods and
bioassays for predicting adverse health effects
such as alterations in reproductive and
developmental processes and immunotoxic and
neurotoxic effects.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact
                          Total      Percent
                          Funds ($k)  In-House
                    HERL/RTP
                    OHR/HQ
           Hal Zenick
           Randall Bond
1,486.6
66
 Scientific
 Assessment
Emergency Planning and Community
Right to Know

In support of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313,
the scientific assessment program prepares
profiles and incorporates them into the Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide
information to various governmental agencies and
the public on the health effects of chemicals
released into the environment.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    OHEA/HQ
           Contact

           William Farland
Total     Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
  50.0
 0
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Asbestos

Research is being conducted to develop and
standardize analytical methods for identification
of airborne asbestos fibers in indoor micro-
environments and for sampling and analysis of
floor tiles which may contain asbestos.
                              57

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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
                   Office or                   Total     Percent
                   Laboratory   Contact         Funds ($k) In-House

                   AREAL/RTP   DalePahl         537.3       8
                   OMMSQA/HQ  Michael Dellarco      0.0       0
                   SARA Title III

Modeling,        Research is conducted to identify methods to
Monitoring       detect release of chemicals on the SARA Title III
Systems          ^s^ ^n^° ^ne environment and to develop human
and Quality      exposure monitoring procedures to assess human
 .                 exposure to chemicals released from these
Assurance       installations.

                   Office or                   Total     Percent
                   Laboratory   Contact         Funds ($k)  In-House

                   EMSL/CIN    John Winter        339.4      20
                   OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco      0.0       0
                             58

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Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology IMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

This portion of the research program is planned to
develop or improve bioassay methodologies for
determining the effects of biological control agents
or biochemical agents (e.g., hormones,
pheromones) on non-target biotic receptors. The
application of the methods assists in establishing
testing guidelines and in registering and
controlling the use of these control agents. Agents
of interest include both genetically altered and
unaltered bacteria, viruses and fungi. Parameters
to be studied include routes of exposure, methods
to recover or identify the agents and to estimate
virulence, toxicity and infectivity. Survival,
growth, persistence and effects plus controlling
abiotic factors are of concern. Generic transfer and
stability associated with genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) will be investigated.
Special handling and monitoring methods and
systems will be studied. All extramural monies
will be expended  by the laboratories subsequent to
final planning actions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total
                            Funds ($k)
                     ERL/COR     Thomas A. Murphy    184.4
                     ERL/DUL     GilmanVeith        103.6
                     ERL/GB      Raymond G. Wilhour  867.8
                     OEPER/HQ   Sam Williams      1,103.1
Percent
In-House

  100
  100
   60
    0
Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents

Models will be developed on potential interaction
of microbial agents and the mammalian cell. Goals
are (1) the determination of the ability of
microbial agents to replicate in mammalian cells,
and (2) to provoke immune responses in non-target
(mammalian) hosts. Methods will also be
developed using monoclonal antibodies and
biotinated DNA probes to enable the identification
of genetic material from microbial pesticides in
non-target sites such as mammalian cells in vitro
and in vivo. Research will also focus on the effects
                                59

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Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
                     of genetically engineered pesticides on
                     mammalian organisms.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Hal Zenick
            Randall Bond
Total
Funds ($k)

1,139.4
Percent
In-House

  34.7
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment

To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary
to develop a focused risk assessment process for
integrating hazard and exposure assessments into
models which express the probability of risk to
important non-human populations. This facet of
the research program develops environmental risk
assessment methodology by combining impact
data using existing or new models to express risk
as a probability with estimates of the associated
uncertainty.
  New endpoint responses will be studied
encompassing ecosystem structures and function.
Selected wildlife and microbial populations will be
used to reflect population changes and other
changes that influence risk evaluations. Other
parameters that affect model integrity will be
studied (e.g., species susceptibility; chemical
routes of exposure and uptake and residues).
Modeling will be supported through data
integration and model calibration and validation
will be supported through field studies which
includes all media. All extramural monies will be
expended by the participating laboratories
subsequent to final planning actions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     ERL/ATH
                     ERL/COR
                     ERL/DUL
                     ERL/GB
                     OEPER/HQ
            Rosemarie C. Russo
            Thomas A. Murphy
            Oilman Veith
            Raymond G. Wilhour
            Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)

   0.0
  50.3
  129.5
   0.0
  780.0
Percent
In-House

    0
   100
   100
    0
    0
 Environmental
 Processes and
 Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation

Research will concentrate on the development,
refinement and validation of techniques and
models to measure and predict pesticide transport,
                                60

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Pesticides
                     degradation, exposure, effects and fate in the
                     environment. Laboratory and field studies will be
                     conducted to substantiate the applicability of
                     methods and mathematical models and to
                     determine if results are valid and reflect
                     environmental responses under natural
                     conditions. Data from these studies will be used to
                     assess pesticide hazards to surrogate species,
                     populations and communities representative of
                     aquatic (i.e., estuarine) and terrestrial habitats.
                        These investigations will include analysis of
                     abiotic influences on study results and on various
                     chemical and physical factors and processes.
                     Sorption, leaching and bioaccumulation will be
                     evaluated. Ground water contamination and
                     associated processes will be explored and remedial
                     actions sought. Predictive techniques for exposure
                     assessment technology will be improved with
                     studies on pesticide  sorption kinetics,
                     transformations, structure reactivity correlations
                     and mechanisms of degradation. Terrestrial
                     ecotoxicology studies will include development of
                     data and methods to assess and predict stress
                     impacts on wildlife (e.g., bird) populations.
                        Information and data including assessments
                     and predictive tools, evaluations of assessment
                     criteria/models and user manuals, workshops and
                     reviews are applied  to support the Agency's
                     regulatory actions.
                        All extramural monies will be expended by the
                     laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
                     Office or                      Total     Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                     ERL/ATH    Rosemarie C. Russo   341.2       100
                     ERL/COR    Thomas  A. Murphy    501.3        33
                     ERL/DUL    Oilman Veith        562.6        64
                     ERL/GB      Raymond G. Wilhour  949.1        78
                     OEPER/HQ   Sam Williams    .   914.3        41
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering

This program which supports the Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP) consists of two major
areas: protective clothing and disposal technology.
Several areas of protective clothing research are
concluding which will provide a "Guidance
                                61

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Pesticides
                     Manual for Selecting Protective Clothing for
                     Agricultural Pesticide Operations." This manual
                     will serve as a reference document for OPP to use
                     in protective-clothing issues related to OPP's
                     regulatory and training activities. This manual
                     will include standard test methods and
                     performance data from both laboratory and field
                     tests.
                        OEETD will continue to evaluate existing
                     disposal techniques and processes for destroying
                     specific pesticide classes, develop a treatability
                     database applicable to pesticides and their
                     disposal, and develop improved container reuse
                     technology including a test method to ensure
                     compliance with existing regulations.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     RREL/Cin    Michael Royer      1,200        35
                     OEETD/HQ   Bill McCarthy         0         0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health Effects
Exposure

Research is being conducted to develop and test
the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM) approach for measurement of exposure to
pesticides residues in children for pesticides used
routinely by the general population. Exposure of
children to pesticides via personal air, food,
drinking water, and dermal exposure will be
studied using TEAM methods.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     AREAL/RTP
                     EMSL/LV
                     OMMSQA/HQ
            Contact

            Andrew Bond
            Stephen Hern
            Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)

 206.0
 165.4
   0
Percent
In-House

   6
  13
   0
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation

This research focuses on developing animal
models to assess health risks and improve
methodology for extrapolating results of animal
toxicity studies into risk estimates for humans.
                                62

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Pesticides
                     Studies will include evaluation of interspecies
                     differences in the dermal absorption of pesticides,
                     examination of structure-activity relationships,
                     examination of metabolic differences between
                     species which may contribute to teratogenic
                     outcomes, and the investigation of potential
                     interactions between alterations in maternal
                     health status and susceptibility to pesticide
                     exposures. Additionally, a computerized data
                     management system which analyzes genetic data
                     will continue to be developed.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact.
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            HalZenick
            Randall Bond
1,091.5
  55
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation

Research is being conducted to relate external
dose to internal dose and to identify onset of
disease states resulting from exposure to pesticide
residues. Research studies are being carried out to
define the relationship between biological
indicators of exposure and dose.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     EMSL/LV
                     OMMSQA/HQ
            Contact

            Stephen Hern
            Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)

 532.0
   0
Percent
In-House

  45
   0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support

The pesticides quality assurance program ensures
the accuracy of the data which is attained through
testing and analysis. This program conducts
quality assurance research and maintains a
Pesticide Repository of high purity chemicals.
Federal and State laboratories use these samples
as standard reference for internal quality control.
Research is conducted to develop procedures to
ensure control in environmental monitoring
studies and analysis of samples for pesticide
                                63

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Pesticides
                      residues. Efforts will be initiated in FY90 to assess
                      the merits of privitizing the Pesticides Repository.

                      Office or                      Total     Percent
                      Laboratory  Contact           Funds ($k) In-House

                      EMSL/CIN    John Winter        294.7         0
                      OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco       0.0         0
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development

Laboratory studies will develop, improve and
validate bioassay methodologies to be used as
standardized pesticide testing protocols for aquatic
organisms. Various methods will be geared to
testing chosen life stages of endemic fishes and
crustaceans or surrogate test species for long-term
or short-term durations. These methods will help
assess both exposure and effects (e.g., metabolic,
mortality or teratogenic response) of pesticides
and pesticide ingredients under acute and chronic
conditions and some may be used for monitoring
particular pesticides or sensitive biota and for
predicting response. Influencing environmental
factors which may modify testing results will be
studied to establish confidence limits for the
methods under given conditions. The methods will
contribute to establishment of early detection of
hazards and provide sensitive, rapid and
inexpensive evaluation techniques.
                      Office or
                      Laboratory

                      ERL/GB
            Contact

            Raymond G. Wilhour  282.5
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
            100
 Health Effects
Test Method Development

This research involves developing and refining
bioassays for the detection of adverse alterations
in the development of reproductive processes in
animals which allow for more accurate     /
evaluations of reproductive development and
function. Techniques are also being developed,
validated, refined and implemented for
                                64

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Pesticides
                     determining human genetic effects caused by
                     exposure to chemical carcinogens and mutagens.
                     Additionally, methods are being developed to
                     determine the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity
                     of pesticides.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Hal Zenick
            Randall Bond
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
1,790.8
70
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities

The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/ developmental effects, and
exposure. Support is also provided on a case-by-
case basis with laboratory data audits.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     OHEA/HQ
            Contact

            William Farland
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
 145.0
100
                                65

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Multi-Media Energy
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology

This area is supporting the evaluation of
alternative acid rain control technologies:
specifically the development and
commercialization of an integrated NOX/SO2
control technology—The Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB).
  The LIMB control technology can substantially
reduce both NOX and 862 emissions while at the
same time reducing the costs for control. A
systematic development is underway to bring the
LIMB technology to the point where industry
would be willing to commercialize it. The 1990
program will include: research on sorbent reaction
mechanisms, detailed analysis to identify
potential operability and reliability problems, and
operation and testing of the industry/EPA
cofunded full scale demonstration on a
tangentially-fired utility boiler.
                     Office or                     Total     Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k) In-House

                     AEERL/RTP   Mike Maxwell      3,403.2       30
                     OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick       150        77
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data
Base

EPA's National Dry Acid Deposition Network will
consist of 51 operational sites. The quantification
of subgrid variability of dry deposition will
continue with particular attention to areas of
complex vegetation and terrain.
  In the wet deposition area, development of
better wet collectors (buckets) will be completed.
Quality assurance, data systems support, and
analyses of spatial and temporal variation of data
are an integral part of the program.
  A state of science paper will be written for the
1990 assessment.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact

                     AREAL/RTP  Steven Bromberg
                                Ken Knapp
                     OEPER/HQ   Craig Hillock
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                           3,371.7

                           1,011.6
 4

15
                               66

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Multi-Media Energy
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made
Sources

This research effort gives primary emphasis to the
development of a high quality emissions data base
for calendar year 1992. SO2, NOx, and VOC are
the emission species of principal interest. Models
to forecast emission trends and costs of various
control programs are being developed. These
economic sectoral models and the emissions
inventories will be used to support regional and
national policy analysis including the NAPAP
1990 assessment.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact

                    AEERL/RTP  David Mobley
                    OEPER/HQ   Larry Montgomery
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                           2,100.6
                            471.1
13
 6
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Effects on
Material and Cultural Resources

Chamber and field studies for paint/substrate
systems will continue in order to make the link
between microscopic damage and macro-damage
(peeling, cracking, blistering, etc). A state of the
science report will be written for the 1990
assessment. The program will terminate at the
end of FY 90.

Office or                    Total     Percent
Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

AREAL/RTP  JohnSpence         12.0      100
OEPER/HQ   PaulRingold        827.8        1
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects

The Aquatic Effects Research Program comprises
the following activities: (1) completion of Phase II
of the National Surface Water Survey; (2)
formulation of predictive regional aquatic
chemistry models which incorporate episodic and
non-episodic events; (3) completion of the
Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) research
in the Mid Appalachian Region; (4) operation of a
                              67

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Multi-Media Energy
                     prototype intensively studied watershed site in
                     Maine to collect data for use in testing predictive
                     models of watershed response to acid deposition;
                     (5) completion of a whole lake  manipulation study
                     in Wisconsin; and (6) completion of the NAPAP
                     Integrated Assessment and State of Sciences
                     documents.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                     ERL/COR
                     EMSL/LV
                     AREAL/RTP
                     ERL/DUL
                     OEPER/HQ
            Dixon Landers
            Gareth Pearson
            Steven Bromberg
            John Eaton
            Bill Fallen
Total
Funds ($k)

8,106.6
 584.0
  70.0
 172.5
1,932.5
Percent
In-House

   6
   14
   0
   13
   8
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial
Effects

Research will be performed at several integrated
multidisciplinary research sites, mostly in eastern
spruce/fir, southern commercial, and eastern
hardwood forest types. The research will explore,
in part, the relationship between forest dieback
and reduced growth due to the exposure and
deposition of airborne chemicals thought to be
factors in acidic deposition. These studies will be
congruent with other work to quantify and
evaluate the extent and magnitude of recent
changes in forest condition. Results of this
research will be encompassed in a detailed
evaluation of S, N, and associated pollutants on
forest response. Models will be developed to project
forest response under various alternative
deposition scenarios.
                      Office or
                      Laboratory  Contact
                      AREAL/RTP
                      ERL/COR
                      OEPER/HQ
                      EMSL/LV
            Ralph Baumgardner
            Robert Lackey
            Kenneth Hood
            Bob Snelling
Total
Funds ($k)

1,663.0
3,166.0
1,362.9
   6.0
Percent
In-House

     2
     5
    10
   100
                                 68

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Multi-Media Energy
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Understanding Atmospheric Processes

This research is designed to improve our
capability to examine and predict the atmospheric
transport, chemical transformation and the wet
and dry deposition of acidic substances emitted
into the atmosphere. Laboratory and field studies,
using airborne and surface  measuring
instruments, and an extensive deposition
monitoring network is being undertaken to study
the movement and transformation of acids and
their precursors from sources to receptors.
Modules which mathematically simulate the
atmospheric processes have been developed for the
Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM). A major
field program is currently underway to test and
evaluate RADM. RADM will be applied to analyze
potential emission control scenarios.
                    Office or                    Total      Percent
                    Laboratory   Contact         Funds ($k)  In-House

                    AREAL/RTP   JimVickery       7,738.0        18
                    OEPER/HQ   Alistair Leslie      1,328.6        16
                    AEERL/RTP   David Mobley         24.0       100
                               69

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Intermedia
Technology
Transfer,
Regulatory
Support and
Regional
Operations
Activities
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer,
Regulatory Support and Regional
Operations Activities

The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) has oversight of three outreach
activities: ORD participation in the Agency's
regulatory development process to ensure its
scientific defensibility; a comprehensive and
systematic ORD technology transfer effort with
emphasis on state and local governments and
industry; and more effective assistance by ORD to
EPA Regional Offices. Through its Regional
Scientist Program, OTTRS is to have a scientist in
each EPA Region by 1990. The Director advises
the Assistant Administrator on the priority
science-policy issues and the regulatory support
provided directly to Program Offices by ORD
scientists and engineers. OTTRS also oversees the
establishment and improvement of ORD program
effectiveness through technology transfer and
ORD-specific implementation of the 1986
Technology Transfer Act and the increased
attention to Regional Office needs and networking
of national issues.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory  Contact
                    OTTRS
           Peter Preuss
Total     Percent
Funds ($k) In-House

8,300
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program

Each year, EPA devotes more than $500 million to
environmental data operations. Quality assurance
(QA) activities play an integral role in the
planning and implementation of these operations,
and in the evaluation of the resulting data. By
means of their QA programs, EPA organizations
can enjoy substantial resource savings, because
they collect only those data that are needed, and
because they can be sure that the data they cpllect
are appropriate for their intended use.
  Quality assurance is the process of
management review and oversight at the
                              70

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Intermedia
                     planning, implementation, and completion stages
                     of an environmental data collection activity to
                     assure that data provided by a line operation to
                     data users are of the quality needed and claimed.
                     Quality assurance should not be confused with
                     quality control (QC); QC includes those activities
                     required during data collection to produce the data
                     quality desired and to document the quality of the
                     collected data (e.g., sample spikes and blanks).
                        Quality assurance programs consist of specific
                     activities conducted before, during and after
                     environmental data collection. During the
                     planning of an environmental data collection
                     program, QA activities focus on assuring that the
                     quality of the data needed by data users has been
                     defined, and that a QCsystem has been designed
                     for measuring the quality of the data being
                     collected. During the implementation of a data
                     collection effort, QA activities ensure that the QC
                     system is operating and that problems found by
                     QC are corrected. After environmental data are
                     collected, QA activities focus on assessing the
                     quality of the data obtained. Here, one determines
                     whether the data obtained are adequate to support
                     data-dependent regulatory decisions or research
                     hypotheses.
                        The Quality Assurance Management Staff
                     (QAMS) is charged with overseeing the quality
                     assurance activities of the Agency. QAMS came
                     into being in May 1979, when the Agency
                     recognized the need for formalizing an Agency-
                     wide quality assurance program for all
                     environmental data collection activities. More
                     recently, with the issuance EPA Order 5360.1 in
                     April 1984, the Agency's quality assurance
                     program has been significantly strengthened and
                     broadened. The Order mandates that QA be an
                     integral part of all environmental data collection
                     activities, from planning through implementation
                     and review.
                        The Order identifies the activities basic to the
                     implementation of a QA program. These include:

                     •  requiring QA in all Agency-supported
                        environmental data collection activities,

                     •  defining Data Quality Objectives,
                                71

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Intermedia
                     • developing quality assurance program and
                       project plans,
                     • conducting management and technical audits
                       and reviews,
                     • implementing corrective actions based on the
                       audits,
                     • establishing achievable data quality limits for
                       methods cited in EPA regulations,
                     • developing and adopting technical guidelines
                       for assessing data quality, and
                     • providing for QA training.
                       In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have
                     focused on identifying the basic elements that are
                     essential to effective quality assurance for
                     environmental data. QAMS has put considerable
                     emphasis on issuing guidance defining these key
                     elements and describing their importance in the
                     efficient and effective expenditure of resources
                     assigned to environmental data collection. This
                     guidance development phase has now been
                     completed, and in FY 1990 QAMS will continue
                     with full-scale implementation support and
                     oversight.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact

                     OMMSQAyHQ  Stanley Blacker
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                            1,722.8
52
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Visiting Scientists Program

The Visiting Scientists Program has two
components: a competitive visiting scientists and
engineers program and a summer fellowship
program. The objective of the Visiting Scientists
and Engineers Program is to attract accomplished
visitors into the Agency for 1 to 3 years to assist in
strengthening the Agency's science policy and
research program. Candidates are sought through
annual advertisements in nationally known
scientific and engineering publications. They are
then subjected to a rigorous peer review from
which only the top candidates  are recommended
                                72

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Intermedia
                     for assignment to an EPA laboratory. In FY 1989
                     four candidates passed peer review.
                       The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
                     cooperation with the American Association for the
                     Advancement of Science and sponsors the
                     assignment of post-doctoral and mid-career
                     environmental science and engineering fellows to
                     EPA facilities for the summer months to conduct
                     environmental research projects. In FY 1989,10
                     highly qualified fellows were sponsored.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                     OER/HQ
           Roger Cortesi
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House

 195         0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Exploratory Research Centers

The purpose of the Research Program is to provide
dedicated support over several years to
multidisciplinary research in topics of interest to
EPA. The first solicitation in 1980 resulted in
eight such research centers. These centers were
established between 1980 and 1981 and have
operated continuously since then. Scheduled
funding of the centers terminates in 1990 and
1991. The Agency is reevaluating the design of the
Centers Program. Several significant changes are
contemplated. These changes will be reflected in
new solicitations for proposals to be published in
1990.
  The centers which are currently operating are
listed below:
  Industrial Waste Elimination Center (Illinois
Institute of Technology)—studies innovative
technology and process modification to reduce
industrial pollutants
  Intermedia Transport Research Center
(University of California at Los Angeles)—defines
chemical and physical processes governing
pollutant exchange at air-land and air-water
boundaries
  .Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell
University)—identifies and applies ecosystem
principles to environmental management
problems
                                73

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Intermedia
                        Marine Sciences Research Center (University of
                     Rhode Island)—assesses marine ecosystems
                     health, emphasizing exposure of marine
                     organisms to toxics
                        Advanced Control Technology Research Center
                     (University of Illinois)—studies separation
                     technology, thermal destruction, biological
                     separation, and chemical detoxification
                        Ground Water Research Center (Rice
                     University, Oklahoma State University, and the
                     University of Oklahoma)—studies subsurface
                     characterization, transport and fate, and ground
                     water horizon modeling
                        Environmental Epidemiology Research Center
                     (University of Pittsburgh)—studies basic
                     epidemiology methods and airborne particulate
                     health effects studies.
                        Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana
                     State University)—conducts research to develop
                     advanced technologies for the destruction,
                     detoxification, recovery, or containment of
                     hazardous wastes
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k)  In-House
                     OER/HQ
            Roger Cortesi
4,400
0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Exploratory Research Grants

The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of
priority interest to the Agency. Research proposals
are solicited via two mechanisms: (1) the
"Solicitation for Research Proposals" which is
published each year and invites proposals in
broadly defined areas of environmental science
and engineering, and (2) the Request for
Applications (RFA) which is a more targeted
solicitation mechanism which requests proposals
in well-defined areas of particular interest tq the
Agency. All proposals received in response to
either mechanism are subjected to a rigorous peer
panel review.  In addition, those responding to the
general solicitation must undergo an Agency
relevance review. Areas in which research
                                74

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Intermedia
                     proposals will be requested in FY 1989 under the
                     general solicitation include: environmental
                     biology, environmental health, environmental
                     engineering and environmental chemistry and
                     physics.
                       In an effort to provide more support to minority
                     institutions for the conduct of basic environmental
                     research, the Research Grants Program makes
                     available pre-application assistance for minority
                     faculty at Historically Black Colleges and
                     Universities through its Minority Institutions
                     Assistance Program. Whether or not this
                     assistance is used, however, research proposals
                     received under this program are reviewed along
                     with proposals received under the general
                     solicitation and in accordance with the standards
                     applied thereunder.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                            Total      Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                     OER/HQ
            Roger Cortesi
18,200
0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program

Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25%
of its extramural research and development
budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. The program focuses exclusively on
projects in control technology or process
instrumentation development. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level of up to
$50,000. Of these Phase I studies, the best are
selected for Phase II studies where actual product
development is started. Phase II studies are
supported up to a level of $150,000. To date, half of
the Phase I efforts have been supported in Phase
II. Results from the SBIR Program are expected to
lead to the commercial development of a product or
process used in pollution control. In fiscal year
1989 the SBIR budget was about $2.5 million.
                                75

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Intermedia
Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Walter Preston
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,500 0
Health Effects
Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessment (RIHRA) (Health)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
relies on quantitative risk assessments of human
health effects to guide the regulatory decision-
making process in carrying out the mandates
given to EPA under existing environmental
legislation. The utility of the risk-based decision
making process is dependent upon the accuracy of
available effects data and on our ability to
extrapolate this information to man. In situations
where the scientific data is insufficient, the risk
manager is presented with a broad range of
possible risks upon which to base his decision. This
uncertainty has significant impacts and
ramifications for the regulatory process in terms of
balancing human health risks against other
societal needs.
  The primary objective of the RIRHA program is
to develop a systematic and integrated research
program to improve the scientific basis supporting
health risk assessments. Emphasis is being placed
on identifying and addressing the significant
uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment
process. This program will provide critical
information on the relationship between exposure
(applied dose), dose to target tissue (delivered
dose), and associated health effects. Both
laboratory and field research will be conducted
that will improve our understanding of basic
biological mechanisms, especially as it relates
from one set of circumstances to another. Research
will address four major areas: (1) Analysis of
Uncertainty in Risk Assessments, (2) Integrated
Exposure Assessment, (3) Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic Models, and (4) Biologically
Based Dose-Response Models.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Larry Reiter
            Ken Sexton
Total
Funds ($k)

7,234.6
Percent
In-House

   3.8
                                76

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Radiation
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program

The overall goal of the research program is to
provide the scientifically credible data necessary
to assess public exposure to non-ionizing radiation
and to man-made radioactive materials and to
allow decisions to be made regarding control of
that exposure.
  In addition, this program provides quality
assurance for the Agency's programs for
monitoring radiation in the environment. These
are supported by providing a common source of
radionuclide standards and reference materials,
and through laboratory intercomparison studies
conducted to assure data of known quality from
analyses of environmental samples such as milk,
water, air and food.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
            Contact
                     EMSL/LV    Charles Costa
                     OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)

 289.4
   0.0
Percent
In-House

  100
    0
 Environmental
 Engineering
 and
 Technology
 Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program

This engineering program for radiation supports
the Agency's Radon Action Program. It is directed
at developing and demonstrating cost-effective
methods for reducing radon in houses and other
structures. The results of these tests, along with
analysis of the findings of others, are provided to
the States, private sector organizations (such as
builders and contractors), and to homeowners. The
research will continue to expend the number of
techniques, the housing substructure types and
the locations for testing. The research focuses
primarily on radon mitigation techniques for
existing houses and prevention techniques for new
construction. Radon mitigation techniques
applicable to school buildings will also be assessed.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory
           Contact
                     AEERL/RTP  Alfred Craig
                     OEETD/HQ   Marshall Dick
Total
Funds ($k)

3,518.2
 150
Percent
In-House

  32
  78
                               77

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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment

Analytical protocols, sampling techniques,
monitoring methods, and data interpretation
approaches useful for characterizing air, surface
and ground water, wastes, and soils at Superfund
sites will be developed, evaluated, and
demonstrated. These methods include air
monitoring techniques for ambient and source
sampling; analytical sample preparation methods;
geophysical methods such as high resolution
seismic reflection to assist in subsurface
characterization; x-ray fluorescence
measurements of metal concentrations; remote
sensing techniques and geographic information
systems for collection and analysis of present and
historical site data; soil core preparation
procedures; portable gas chromatography for
volatiles analysis; personal computer-based
geostatistics computer programs; and hydraulic
properties of soils.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     EMSL/CIN
                     AREAL/RTP
                     EMSL/LV
                     OMMSQA/HQ
           Contact

           William Budde
           William McClenny
           Ann Pitchford
           Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)

 473.8
 244.1
1,895.1
   0
Percent
In-House

  51
  24
  38
   0
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment

Site-, chemical- and situation-specific exposure
and risk assessments are being prepared to assist
the Program Office and Regions in evaluating the
alternative courses of action and regulatory
strategies that might be applied at uncontrolled
Superfund sites. Activities include development of
health and environmental effects assessments for
the chemicals most frequently found at candidate
sites, participation in the development or review of
toxicological profiles, and provision of rapid
response health assessments in a short time
frame.
                               78

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Superfund
                    Office or
                    Laboratory

                    ECAO/CIN
           Contact

           Christopher DeRosa
Total     Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
 716
53
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
Supporting Enforcement Actions

This research program develops and evaluates
clean-up technology, demonstrating proto-type
equipment such as mobile incineration systems
and mobile soil washing systems. Remedial
technology will be assessed and technical reports
provided which will include design data and cost
information. Engineering expertise will be applied
to the assessment of uncontrolled hazardous waste
site situations to assist the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Regions and others in the
development of corrective measure options.
Manuals will be developed establishing personnel
safety protocols and evaluating equipment and
techniques, especially for decontamination of
equipment and personnel. In addition, short-term,
quick turn-around technical programs and
consultation will be provided to the regional
programs and the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement for enforcement support.
  The Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program has been established
to enhance the development and demonstration,
and thereby establish the commercial availability,
of innovative technologies as alternatives to
containment systems. The primary goal of the
SITE program is to field evaluate these
technologies at Superfund sites in order to develop
reliable cost and performance data.
                    Office or
                    Laboratory   Contact

                    RREL/CIN    R. Hill
                                S.James
                    OEETD/HQ   R. Nalesnick
                           Total     Percent
                           Funds ($k) In-House
                           30,200

                            1,500.0
             9

            75
                               79

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Superfund
Modeling,
M\mitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund
Program Requirements

Effective remedial design/remedial actions at
Superfund sites depend upon analytical data of
known and appropriate quality. This program
provides support to the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response's Contract Laboratory
Program (CLP), which is responsible for most
contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program. Support is provided to the CLP in
numerous ways. Quality assurance reference
materials, such as calibration standards, quality
control samples, and performance evaluation
samples are designed, prepared, and distributed
according to uniform and consistent protocols for
analysis by contract laboratories. The analytical
data generated by the laboratories are audited in
order to assess intra- and inter-laboratory
performance and method performance. These data
are maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Data Base. Pre- and post-award on-site
contract laboratory inspections are performed to
complement the performance evaluations. Based
on method performance data, existing analytical
protocols are reviewed and improved. A quick
response referee laboratory service is provided for
use of the EPA Regions.

Office or                     Total      Percent
Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

EMSL/CIN   John Winter       1,260.6       13
EMSL/LV    Llew Williams     3,231.2      25
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh        0        0
 Modeling,
 Monitoring
 Systems
 and Quality
 Assurance
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program, and Regions

Site specific monitoring and characterization for
all media in support of Superfund investigations is
provided to the Agency as part of the Technical
Support Program. State-of-the-art monitoring and
analytical techniques, as well as thorough quality
assurance are essential, especially in enforcement
cases. Many monitoring and characterization
support activities are provided on an as-requested
                               80

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Superfund
                     basis. These include remote sensing for historical
                     and current site assessment; air, surface- and
                     ground-water, and soils monitoring for site
                     characterization; and analytical chemistry
                     support. Additional support provided includes
                     advice/assistance on sampling methods, design of
                     sampling plans, and analytical method
                     modification. The full range of quality
                     assurance/quality control assistance is offered
                     including design and review of quality assurance
                     plans, provision of quality control materials, and
                     data analysis and interpretation.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     EMSL/CIN
                     AREAL/RTP
                     EMSL/LV
                     OMMSQA/HQ
            William Budde
            William McClenny
            Shelly Evans
            Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)

 410.0
 388.2
1,405.7
   0
Percent
In-House

  28
  22
  24
   0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regions

This function provides rapid technical expertise
and services to the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement, the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Regional Offices, the
Environmental Response Team, Department of
Justice, and state governments.
  Laboratory personnel and facilities are
available on a "when and where requested" basis
to provide site- and case-specific technical support.
Assistance includes training or advice on use of
sampling and analytical techniques and on use of
appropriate assessment models, including those
for ecological risk estimation. In addition, a
clearinghouse for information on remedial action
technologies, methods, case histories, etc., will be
established. Bioassessment assistance will focus
on evaluation and application of the protocol to
leachate and contaminated soil samples and
performing environmental assays. Technical
support will also be provided on contaminated
marine coastal areas and on polluted sediment
remediation. A multimedia, human exposure/risk
assessment methodology for prioritizing candidate
                                81

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Superfund
                     remedial action sites in terms of their threats to
                     human health will be developed.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                     RSKERL/ADA
                     ERL/ATH
                     ERL/COR
                     ERL/NARR
                     ERL/DUL
           M. Richard Scalf
           Rosemarie C. Russo
           Lawrence Kapustka
           Norbert A. Jaworski
           Douglas W. Kuehl
Total
Funds ($k)

 879.5
 500.0
 667.5
 647.0
 100.0
Percent
In-House

  31.3
  22.4
  39.4
  17.3
   0.0
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices

Site- and chemical-specific health assessments are
being provided to support Enforcement Office
needs for the remedial planning and cost recovery
efforts. Assessments provided range from brief
hazard summaries to detailed and peer-reviewed
documents used in negotiations and litigation.
  Risk assessments developed by Regional Offices
are reviewed for consistency, technical quality,
and adherence to Agency risk assessment
guidelines. Technical support on risk assessments
is provided to the States and Regions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     OHEA/HQ
           Contact

           Kevin Garrahan
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House
 594
  49
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and
Detection

The purpose of this program is to develop and
evaluate monitoring techniques and systems
which are rapid and inexpensive, fill technical
voids, integrate monitoring systems into multi-
media site assessments, and are as specific,
selective and sensitive as possible. Section 31 Ic of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act authorizes EPA to conduct research "with
respect to...detection of hazardous substances in
the environment." These innovative approaches
                               82

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Superfund
                     offer potentially significant cost and time savings
                     to Superfund site investigations.
                       Activities for FY 1990 will focus on the
                     development and standardization of field
                     analytical technology and sampling methods;
                     development of cost effective sampling designs and
                     approaches; and development of techniques for
                     managing and interpreting field data. For
                     example, immunoassay technology for screening
                     single compounds or classes of compounds and
                     field portable systems such as fiber optics chemical
                     sensors will be developed.

                     Office or                     Total      Percent
                     Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     EMSL/LV    EricKoglin        1,777.1       13
                     OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh        0         0
Scientific
Assessment
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research

This program fulfills, in part, the Agency's
responsibilities under the new Section 311(c) to
establish a research program to assess, detect, and
evaluate effects on, and risk to, human health
from hazardous substances. It enhances the
Agency's internal research capabilities relative to
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
assessment activities. The scientific assessment
research program, specifically, is integrated with
the health effects program, and is developing data
and procedures to fill information and assessment
gaps that exist in the various phases of the
Superfund public health evaluation process, e.g.,
toxicity assessment, risk characterization, and
exposure assessment. Test methods are being
developed to allow evaluation of the hazard
potential of waste mixtures and to assess complex
exposure. Screening techniques for early detection
of adverse health effects are being developed as
are improved measurement techniques for non-
cancer health endpoints such as reproductive
effects. Extensive programs in pharmacokinetic
modeling and exposure assessment methodology
development are also underway.
                               83

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Superfund
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     OHEA/HQ
            Contact

            Michael Callahan
Total      Percent
Funds ($k)  In-House

2,181         9
Health Effects
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research

Research develops data and methods to improve
the Superfund public health evaluation process,
evaluate the health effects associated with
cleanup options, and develops biomonitoring
methods. The Superfund risk assessment process
involves assessment of toxicity, exposure, and dose
in support of the characterization of risk. The
research provides improved health evaluation
measures to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks
to human health from hazardous substances as
needed for Superfund removal and remedial
cleanup decisions.
  Research will develop test methods needed to
evaluate the hazard potential of waste mixtures,.
screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and improved measurement of
health endpoints particularly non-cancer
endpoints such as reproductive effects and
neurotoxicity. Predictive techniques that can
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessment caused
by data limitations will be developed and site-
specific data will be generated in response to
requests from the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement and EPA Regional Offices.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                           Total      Percent
                           Funds ($k)  In-House
                     HERL/RTP
                     OHR/HQ
            Robert Dyer
            Thomas Miller
3,779.2
9.9
Scientific
Assessment
Superfund Reportable Quantity
Regulatory Efforts

Chemical-specific data are being provided on
carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support
Program Office activities necessary to adjust, by
                                84

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Superfund
                     regulation, the Reportable Quantities (RQ) for
                     hazardous substances. These include completion of
                     the Extremely Hazardous Substances List,
                     consideration of Superfund Amendments and
                     Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III Section 313
                     chemicals for listing as CERCLA hazardous
                     substances, listings in association with Section
                     3001 of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
                     (RCRA) support for designation of new substances,
                     and review of old RQ calculations.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory

                     OHEA/HQ
           Contact

           Alan Ehrlich
Total     Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
 684
21
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Innovative/Alternative Technology
Research, Development, and
Demonstration

Section 31 Ib of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act requires EPA to conduct the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program, which seeks to accelerate the
application of promising new technologies to
Superfund problems. Pursuant to this program,
the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and
Quality Assurance is demonstrating and
evaluating promising monitoring technologies.
Examples of technologies being considered for
demonstration include fiber optics chemical
sensors for ground water contamination,
immunoassay systems for organics contamination,
cannisters for air sampling, x-ray fluorescence for
rapid metals screening, geophysical equipment for
remote sensing of buried waste, and cone
penetrometers for rapid and extended depth soil
sampling.

Office or                     Total     Percent
Laboratory  Contact         Funds ($k) In-House

EMSL/LV    EricKoglin          776.2       15
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh         0        0
                               85

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Superfund
E nvironmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate Technologies to Manage
Uncontrolled Waste Sites

This research activity is focused on evaluating
both naturally occurring and improved
microorganisms for the degradation of hazardous
substances. Present knowledge and available
biodegradation technology will be expanded to
enable this cleanup technique to be advanced as a
viable option to existing chemical and physical
remediation processes.
  To effect cleanup of hazardous chemicals in the
environment, the metabolism of indigenous
microorganisms will be enhanced and genetically
engineered microbial strains with novel
biodegradation characteristics will be constructed.
Methods and principles for their application will
be developed and potential ecological risks
determined. The program will identify high
priority chemical structures for study, develop
gene banks of novel capabilities, and develop
approaches for rapid biodegradation. All
extramural monies will be expended by the
participating laboratories subject to final planning
actions.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact
                           Total
                           Funds ($k)
                     RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb     190.0
                     ERL/ATH    Rosemarie C. Russo   112.0
                     ERL/GB      HapPritchard       110.0
                     OEPER/HQ   Will C. LaVeille     1,750.0
Percent
In-House

  100.0
  100.0
  100.0
    0.0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Manage Hazardous Substance Research
Centers Program

Authorized by the 1986 amendments to the
Superfund Act, the Hazardous Substance
Research Centers (HSRC) program supports five
university-based research centers across the
country. Several features of the HSRC approach
make it unique among federally-sponsored'
research centers programs. First, the program Jias
a "Think globally, act locally" philosophy. This is
demonstrated by the "Region-Pair" concept which
drives each center. Whatever the research focus of
                               86

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Superfund
                     a particular center is, the center has a
                     responsibility to address problems of particular
                     interest to a specific area of the country
                     corresponding to two contiguous Federal Regions
                     or "Region- Pairs". Although the results of the
                     center's research may have universal
                     applicability, research supported by the center
                     must be of critical importance to the region-pair.
                     To ensure this, representatives from the local area
                     are members of all of the required advisory
                     committees for the center.
                        Another significant difference between this
                     program and others  is that the HSRC centers are
                     required to commit between 10 and 20% of their
                     funds to the development and conduct of an active
                     technology transfer  program. This, too, must be
                     designed to address priority information needs of
                     the states in the region- pair.
                        Finally, the recipients are required to dedicate a
                     large percentage of their own resources to the
                     operation of the center. At least 20% of the total
                     center's resources must be provided by the
                     recipient. This ensures a continuing commitment
                     to the success of the  venture by the universities
                     involved.
                        The centers, which consist of multi-university
                     consortiums, were selected through a competitive
                     peer review process  and were put in place in
                     February 1989.  Each center has an eight-year life
                     expectancy and  receives approximately $1.0
                     million annually from EPA. The lead institution of
                     each consortium and the main research focus of
                     each center are  described below:

                        Region-Pair 1 -2: New Jersey Institute of
                     Technology: incineration and in-situ remediation
                     and treatment techniques
                        Region-Pair 3 -5: The University of Michigan:
                     bioremediation  of organics
                        Region-Pair 4 -6: North Carolina State
                     University: waste minimization and waste
                     management
                        Region-Pair 7-8: Kansas State University:
                     extraction of metals and mining wastes and
                     removal of pesticide residues from soil, water, and
                     groundwater
                                87

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Superfund
                       Region-Pair 9-10: Stanford University:
                     physical, chemical, and biological treatment of
                     surface and subsurface contaminants
                     Office or                    Total      Percent
                     Laboratory  Contact          Funds ($k)  In-House

                     OER/HQ     Roger Cortesi      5,000          0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program—Superfund

EPA is required to devote 1.25% of its extramural
budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. The program focuses exclusively on
hazardous substance projects. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level of up to
$50,000. Of these Phase I studies, the best are
selected for Phase II studies where actual product
development is started. Phase II studies are
supported up to a level of $150,000. Results from
the SBIR Program are expected to lead to the
commercial development of a product or process
used in pollution control.
                     Office or
                     Laboratory  Contact
                     OER/HQ
           Walter Preston
Total
Funds (Sk)

 792
                                     Percent
                                     In-House
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Superfund Research Grants

The superfund research grants program supports
research initiated by individual investigators in
areas of priority interest to the Agency. Research
proposals are solicited via the Request for
Applications (RFA), which is a targeted
solicitation mechanism that identifies Agency
research needs in well-defined areas. Only
proposals which specifically address those needs
are accepted for review and possible funding.
Office or
Laboratory   Contact
                     OER/HQ
           Roger Cortesi
Total
Funds ($k)

2,500
                                                          Percent
                                                          In-House
                                88

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Interdisciplinary
                     Consistent Risk Assessment

 OCienuilC         rpne scientific assessment program provides
 Assessment       uniform Agency-wide guidance on, and assures
                     the consistency of, exposure and risk assessments
                     that support regulatory decision making by EPA.
                       The program consists of three major
                     components—Risk Assessment Guidelines, the
                     Risk Assessment Forum, and the Integrated Risk
                     Information System.
                       Risk Assessment Guidelines—Work will
                     continue on the development of Agency-wide risk
                     assessment guidelines. New final guidelines will
                     be published for exposure measurements, male
                     and female reproductive effects, and amendments
                     for the 1986 developmental toxicity guidelines.
                     The Agency will propose new guidelines for
                     neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-
                     cancer health effects, and amendments to the
                     cancer guidelines issued in 1986.
                       Risk Assessment Forum—The Risk Assessment
                     Forum, a group of senior scientists, meets
                     regularly to promote consensus on risk assessment
                     issues and to ensure that this consensus is
                     incorporated into appropriate risk assessment
                     guidance.
                       Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)—
                     EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
                     is an electronic data base of summary health risk
                     information and regulatory information on
                     chemical substances. Primarily intended to serve
                     as a guide for EPA staff when assessing the health
                     risk posed by a chemical, IRIS is available to EPA
                     contractors, state and international
                     environmental agencies, other federal agencies,
                     universities and other risk assessors. This Agency-
                     wide system is readily accessible on E-mail. The
                     health information contained in IRIS has been
                     reviewed and agreed upon by EPA review groups
                     of expert scientists. By the end of the year about
                     600 chemicals should be in the data base,
                     including some Superfund Amendments and
                     Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III right- to-
                     know chemicals.
                                89

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Interdisciplinary
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
                     Office or
                     Laboratory   Contact

                     OHEA/HQ    William Farland

                     Total Human Exposure
                            Total     Percent
                            Funds ($k) In-House
                            4,262.6
57
At present, EPA lacks information on human
exposure to virtually all chemicals of critical
importance to public health. Knowing the number
of people exposed and their level of exposure is
essential for estimating risk. Without this
knowledge, it is currently impossible to make
adequate risk assessments, nor can we prioritize
the major sources and pathways of exposure. This
new long-term program is aimed at developing an
exposure data base to serve as a foundation for
exposure assessment, and, consequently, risk
management strategies.
  The goal is to measure and predict human
exposures and assess trends in human exposure to
chemicals of importance to the Agency. Specific
objectives include: (1) developing methodologies
for exposure measurement and modeling; (2)
characterizing representative microenvironments
on a national scale; (3) defining regional and
nationwide activity patterns; (4) measuring
exposure and body burden directly in field studies;
(5) determining the major sources of exposure—
including air, drinking water, and food—and their
contribution to risk; (6) developing and validating
exposure models and exposure-dose relationships;
(7) providing a comprehensive national data base
on exposure for use of the Agency and the
environmental community; (8) monitoring
nationwide trends and regional differences in
human exposure and activity patterns; and (9)
assessing the effectiveness of regulations by
observing these trends in total exposure.
  Initially, this program will stress five major
areas: (1) measurement methods development for
personal monitoring and microenvironmental
characterization; (2) chemical characterization of
representative microenvironments (air,  food, soil,
water); (3) documentation of human activity
patterns; (4) development and validation of
predictive exposure models; and (5) direct
measurement of exposure to validate models.
                                90

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Interdisciplinary
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
EMSL/CIN
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Gerald Akland
Gareth Pearson
Al Dufour
Lance Wallace
Total
Funds ($k)
2,400.0
1,000.0
225.0
0
Percent
In-House
30
12
0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Ecological Trends

This program will identify, collect, organize, and
analyze environmental monitoring data and
report periodically to the Administrator,
Congress, and the public on the current status and
trends in indicators of the condition of the nation's
ecological resources. This will allow EPA to better
assess the status and extent of current
environmental problems, by providing diagnostic
clues as to the cause of these problems, by
establishing baseline conditions against which
future change can be measured, and by assessing
the degree to which regulatory programs, singly or
together, protect the nation's ecological resources.
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) will focus on regional- and
national-scale problems and will target program
outputs at EPA officials who must respond to
Congress and the public and senior managers who
must direct EPA's finite resources where they will
be most beneficial.
   Scientifically, EMAP will: (1) identify,
characterize, classify, and quantify the ecological
resources at risk; (2) design statistical sampling
frames that provide unbiased estimates of
environmental conditions on a regional basis; (3)
identify, evaluate, and develop indicators of
ecological condition; (4) operational monitoring
programs at a national level for resources of
greatest concern; and (5) develop data
management and quality assurance systems that
allow timely analysis and periodic reporting of
program results.

Office or                     Total       Percent
Laboratory   Contact          Funds ($k)   In-House

OMMSQA/HQ  Rick Linthurst      7,800.0       38
AREAL/RTP   JayMesser            0          0
                                91

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Overview
Introduction

The primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to
mitigate the adverse impacts of pollution on human health and the
environment. Toward that end, Agency management must make decisions
regarding the development of policy, guidance, standards, regulations, and
the appropriate tools for implementing pollution abatement strategies. It
is the primary mission of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) to
provide high quality, timely scientific and technical information in the
service of Agency goals. The Agency's research program is conducted
through 12 environmental laboratories across the country, employing
some 2000 people, with an annual budget of about $375 million. The
research focuses on areas targetted by the planning process as needing
additional emphasis in order to provide the  information required for
Agency decision making.
Research Perspectives

The overall planning process engenders an applied research and
development program focused on answering key scientific and technical
questions related to EPA's decision making, short-term scientific and
technical studies supporting immediate regulatory and enforcement
decisions, and a longer-term research program that extends the knowledge
base of environmental science and anticipates environmental problems.
  The core research and development program is focused on the following
functional areas:

• Health effects research—to determine the adverse effects of pollutants
  on human health

• Ecological effects research—to determine the adverse effects of
  pollutants on ecosystems

• Environmental process and fate research—to understand how
  pollutants are transported and modified as they move through soils,
  ground and surface waters, and the atmosphere

• Environmental monitoring research—to develop methods of identifying
  pollutants in the environment and measuring exposure to such
  substances

• Risk assessment research—to develop methods to integrate information
  on pollutant sources, fate and transport, exposure, and health and
  ecological effects in order to assess the overall risk posed by a pollutant
  or a group of pollutants
                                92

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Overview
• Risk reduction research—to develop control technologies to treat,
  destroy, or contain pollutants and methods to reduce or eliminate the
  sources of pollutants or to prevent exposure to pollutants.

  In addition to functional areas, several cross-media problems also
categorize the total ORD program. Those cross- media problems receiving
special emphasis at present and for the foreseeable future and the Agency
programs most concerned are:

• Global climate change (air, water, hazardous waste);

• Total and human exposure assessment (air, water, hazardous
  waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances);

• Wetlands (water, hazardous waste/superfund);

• Accidental releases (air, water, hazardous waste/superfund);

• Comparative risk for complex mixtures (air, water, hazardous
  waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances);

• Technology Transfer (all); and

• Biotechnology (air, water, pesticides/toxic substances).

Conclusions

ORD's ongoing activities evolve from a process of mediation between
research concepts and regulatory/programmatic applications, as well as
from a growing fund of commonly held priorities and core values. As the
Agency continues to refine strategies for addressing increasingly complex
environmental problems, the goal of ORD is to affect those strategies with
sound science, sound judgment, and vision.
                                93

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               Office of Research
              Program Management
              Clarence Mahan, Dir.
CO
             Office of Modeling,
           Monitoring Systems &
             Quality Assurance
             Rick Linthurst,* Dir.
  Atmospheric
   Research &
    Exposure
  Assessment
  Lab.,Research
Triangle Park, NC
 Gary Foley, Dir.
                 Environmental
               Monitoring Systems
               Lab, Cincinnati, OH
                 Tom Clark, Dir.
                 Environmental
               Monitoring Systems
               Lab.,Las Vegas, NV
                Robert Snelling,*
                      Dir.
                                                                      Assistant Administrator for
                                                                      Research and Development
                                                                          Erich Bretthauer*
                                                    Deputy Assistant Administrator
                                                           John H. Skinner*
                         Office of Environmental
                        Engineering & Technology
                             Demonstration
                           Alfred Lindsey,* Dir.
                                                Air & Energy
                                            Engineering Research
                                               Lab.. Research
                                              Triangle Park, NC
                                             Frank Princiotta, Dir.
                                Risk Reduction
                              Engineering Lab.,
                                Cincinnati, OH
                             Timothy Oppelt, Dir.
                                  Office of Exploratory
                                       Research
                                  Roger S. Cortesi, Dir.
Office of Environmental
  Processes & Effects
      Research
 Courtney Riordan, Dir.
 Environmental Research
    Lab.,Corvallis, OR
  Thomas Murphy, Dir.
                                                                         Environmental Research
                                                                             Lab.,Athens, GA
                                                                          Rosemarie  Russo,  Dir.
 Environmental Research
    Lab.,Duluth, MN
    Gilman Veith, Dir.
                                                          Environmental Research
                                                           Lab .Narragansett, Rl
                                                           Norbert Jaworski, Dir.
                                                          Environmental Research
                                                           Lab..Gulf Breeze, FL
                                                             Ray Wilhour,* Dir.
                                                                         R. S. Kerr Environmental
                                                                          Research Lab.,Ada, OK
                                                                             Clinton Hall, Dir
Office of Health
   Research

Ken Sexton, Dir
  Health Effects
  Research Lab.,
 Research Triangle
     Park, NC
 Lawrence Reiter,
       Dir.
                                                                                                                                 1
                             OKice of Technology
                            Transfer & Regulatory
                                   Support
                              Peter Preuss, Dir.
 Office of Health &
   Environmental
    Assessment
William Farland, Dir.
    Human Health
  Assessment Group
 Hugh McKinnon,* Dir.
                                                                Exposure Assessment
                                                                       Group
                                                                Michael Callahan, Dir.
                             Environmental Criteria
                             & Assessment Office,
                               Research Triangle
                                   Park, NC
                                Lester Grant, Dir.
                                                               Environmental Criteria
                                                                & Assessment Office,
                                                                   Cincinnati, OH
                                                                 Steven Lutkenhoff,"
                                                                        Dir
                                                                                                                                     "Acting

-------
ORD Organization
Please note, the list below includes both commercial (CML) and Federal
(FTS) telephone numbers. Where only one number is listed, it serves both
purposes.


Assistant Administrator for Research and Development

  Erich Bretthauer (Acting)                           (202) 382-7676
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator

  John H. Skinner (Acting)
     (202) 382-7676
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati

  Francis T. Mayo
  Cincinnati, OH 45268

  Support Services Office
   Director, Robert N. Carr
CML (513) 569-7951
    FTS 8-684-7951
CML (513) 569-7966
    FTS 8-684-7966
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park

  Ralph H. Hazel (MD-50)
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-0179
    FTS 8-629-0179
Office of Research Program Management

  Director, Clarence E. Mahan
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
     (202) 382-7500
Office of Exploratory Research

  Director, Roger Cortesi
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)

  Research Grants Staff
   Director, Robert Papetti
     (202) 382-5750
     (202) 382-7473
                              95

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ORD Organization
  Research Centers Program
   Acting Director, Karen Morehouse

  Visiting Scientists Program
   Coordinator, Alvin Edwards

  Small Business Innovation Research Program
   Director, Walter Preston
     (202) 382-5750


     (202) 382-7473


     (202) 383-7445
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
  Director, Peter W. Preuss
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)

  Regulatory Support, Staff
   Director, Jay Benforado

  Technology Transfer Staff
   Director, Jack Stanton

  Center for Environmental Research
  Information (CERI)
   Director, Calvin Lawrence
   Cincinnati, OH 45268

  Regional Operations Staff
   Director, David Klauder
     Regional Scientist Program Coordinator,
       Mike Moore
     (202) 382-7669
     (202)


     (202)
CML(513)
    FTS8-
     (202)

     (202)
382-7669


382-7671
569-7391
684-7391
382-7667

382-7667
Office of Health Research

  Director, Ken Sexton
  Deputy Director, (Vacant)
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)

  Program Operations Staff
   Director, Mary Ellen Radzikowski

  Environmental Health Research Staff
   Director, David Kleffman

  Health Effects Research Laboratory
   Director, Lawrence W. Reiter (MD-51)
   Deputy Director, Harold Zenick
     (202)382-5900
     (202) 382-5891
     (202) 382-5893
CML (919) 541-2281
    FTS 8-629-2281
                               96

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ORD Organization
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance

  Acting Director, Rick A. Linthurst                    (202) 382-5767
  Deputy Director, H. Matthew Bills
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-680)
  Program Operations Staff
   Director, Paul D. Palm

  Quality Assurance Management Staff
   Director, Stanley Blacker

  Modeling and Monitoring Systems Staff
   Director, Frederick W. Kutz

  Atmospheric Research and Exposure
  Assessment Laboratory
   Director, Gary J. Foley
   Acting Deputy Director, Larry T. Cupitt
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711

  Environmental Monitoring Systems
  Laboratory
   Director, Thomas A. Clark
   Deputy Director, Gerald D. McKee
   Cincinnati, OH 45268

  Environmental Monitoring Systems
  Laboratory
   Acting Director, Robert N. Snelling
   Acting Deputy Director, Harold Kibby
   P.O. Box 93478
   Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478

  Vint Hill Station
   Director, John Montanari
   P.O. Box 1587, Building 166
   Warrenton, VA 22186
     (202) 382-5761


     (202) 382-5763


     (202) 382-5776
CML (919) 541-2106
    FTS 8-629-2106
CML (513) 569-7301
    FTS 8-684-7301
CML (702) 798-2525
    FTS 8-545-2525
CML (703) 347-6224
    FTS 8-557-3110
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment

  Director, Willilam H. Farland
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689)

  Program Operations Staff
   Chief, Barry Goldfarb
CML (202) 382-7315
    FTS 8-382-7315

CML (202) 382-7311
    FTS 8-382-7311
                               97

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ORD Organization
  Program Liaison Staff                         CML (202) 382-7323
   Chief, Jerry Moore                               FTS 8-382-7323

  Technical Information Staff                     CML (202) 382-7345
   Chief, Marie Pfaff                               FTS 8-382-7345

  Human Health Assessment Group               CML (202) 382-7338
   Acting Director, Hugh McKinnon                  FTS 8-382-7338

  Exposure Assessment Group                    CML (202) 475-8909
   Director, Michael Callahan                        FTS 8-475-8909

  Environmental Criteria and Assessment
  Office
   Director, Lester Grant (MD-52)                CML (919) 541-4173
   Research Triangle Park, NC 27711                 FTS 8-629-4173

  Environmental Criteria and Assessment
  Office
   Acting Director, Steven D. Lutkenhoff          CML (513) 569-7531
   Cincinnati, OH 45268                            FTS 8-684-7531
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration

  Acting Director, Alfred Lindsey                      (202) 382-2600
  Acting Deputy Director, Stephen Lingle
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)

  Program Development Staff
   Director, Greg Ondich                             (202) 382-5748

  Program Management Staff
   Director, Al Galli                                 (202) 382-2583
   Deputy Director, Steve Jackson

  Field Laboratories

   Air and Energy Engineering Research
   Laboratory
     Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60)           CML (919) 541-2821
     Deputy Director, Blair Martin                   FTS 8-629-2821
     Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                               98

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ORD Organization
   Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
     Director, E. Timothy Oppelt
     Deputy Director, John Convery
     Cincinnati, OH 45268

       Releases Control Branch
       Director, Jack Farlow
       Edison, NJ 08817
CML (513) 569-7418
    FTS 8-684-7418
CML (201) 321-6600
    FTS 8-340-6600
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research

  Director, Courtney Riordan                          (202) 382-5950
  Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
  Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-682)
  Program Operations Staff
   Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz

  Terrestrial and Ground Water Effects Staff
   Director, Jack Durham

  Marine, Freshwater and Modeling Staff
   Acting Director, Anthony Janetos

  Field Laboratories

   Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
   Laboratory
     Director, Clinton W. Hall
     P.O. Box 1198
     Ada, OK 74820

   Environmental Research Laboratory
     Director, Rosemarie C. Russo
     College Station Road
     Athens,  GA 30613

     Office of Research Operations
     Director, Robert R. Swank

     Office of Program Operations
     Director, Roger K. NeeSmith
     (202) 382-5962


     (202) 475-8930


     (202) 382-5791
CML (405) 332-8800
    FTS 8-743-2224
CML (404) 546-3134
    FTS 8-250-3134
CML (404) 546-3128
    FTS 8-250-3128

CML (404) 546-3430
    FTS 8-250-3430
                               99

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ORD Organization
   Environmental Research Laboratory
     Director, Thomas A. Murphy                 CML (503) 757-4601
     Deputy Director, (Vacant)                       FTS 8-420-4601
     200 SW 35th Street
     Corvallis, OR 97333

   Environmental Research Laboratory
     Director, Oilman D. Veith                   CML (218) 727-6692
     Associate Director for Research,                  FTS 8-780-5550
       Philip M. Cook
     6201 Congdon Boulevard
     Duluth, MN 55804

     Monticello Field Station                              CML only
     Box 500                                       (612) 295-5145
     Monticello, MN 55362

     Large Lakes Research Station                CML (313) 675-5000
     9311 Groh Road                                FTS 8-226-7811
     Grosse He, MI 48138

   Environmental Research Laboratory
     Director, Norbert A. Jaworski                CML (401) 782-3001
     Deputy Director, (Vacant)                       FTS 8-838-6001
     South Ferry Road
     Narragansett, RI 02882

     Hatfield Marine Science Center                       CML only
     Newport, OR 97365                             (503) 867-4041

   Environmental Research Laboratory
     Director, (Vacant)                          CML (904) 932-5333
     Deputy Director, Raymond G. Wilhour            FTS 8-686-9011
     Senior Science Advisor,
       Andrew J. McErlean
     Sabine Island
     Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
                               100

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
 Office of
 Technology
 Transfer and
 Regulatory
 Support
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) is responsible for integrating
ORD's scientific and engineering information and
expertise into EPA's regulatory decision-making
process and disseminating the results to EPA's
Regional Offices. OTTRS also transfers ORD's
information and technology to State and local
organizations involved in environmental
protection. This Office provides overall
management and coordination of the ORD
technology transfer program. Specific
responsibilities include: (1) facilitating and
promoting the transfer of technology and technical
information and understanding to State and local
users (2) analyzing Agency scientific and technical
issues to ensure appropriate integration within
the Agency's regulatory program activities, (3)
implementing a comprehensive national program
to facilitate dissemination and exchange of
scientific or technical information resulting from
ORD's research and development programs
through the Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI), and (4) conducting a program
which places ORD scientists in EPA Regional
Offices on a rotational basis.
 Office of
 Exploratory
 Research
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is
responsible for planning, administering,
managing and evaluating EPA's exploratory
research program in general and, in particular, its
extramural grant research in response to Agency
priorities as established by Agency planning
mechanisms. Its basic objective is to support
research aimed at developing a better basic
scientific understanding of the environment and
its inherent problems. OER accomplishes this
objective through five core programs: a
Competitive Research Grants Program, an
Environmental Research Centers Program, a
Hazardous Substance Research Centers Program,
a Visiting Scientists Program and a Small
Business Innovation Research Program. Separate
descriptions of these programs are provided
elsewhere in this research guide. In addition to the
core programs, OER administers other programs
                              101

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                    which are not supported by research and
                    development funds but are nonetheless important
                    to the accomplishment of the OER objective. They
                    include:
                    • A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
                      fellowships to college seniors and graduate
                      students enrolled on a full-time basis at
                      Historically Black Colleges and Universities
                      and majoring in curricula that could be applied
                      to the solution of environmental problems.
                    • A Minority Summer Intern Program which
                      extends to recipients of fellowships under the
                      Minority Fellowship Program the opportunity
                      for on-hands experience in the area of their
                      academic training by way of a summer
                      internship at an EPA or other environmental
                      facility. (Both the Minority Fellowship Program
                      and the Minority Summer Intern Program are
                      components of the Minority Institutions
                      Assistance Program, which is briefly described
                      elsewhere in this document.)
                    • The Agency's Senior Environmental
                      Employment Program (SEE) which utilizes the
                      skills and talents of older Americans to meet
                      employment needs of environmental programs.
                    • The Federal Workforce Training Program
                      which coordinates ORD's participation in
                      workforce training programs used by state and
                      local governments.
                    • The Scientific and Technological Achievement
                      Awards Program which gives recognition and
                      makes monetary awards to EPA/ORD
                      laboratory scientists and researchers for
                      outstanding contributions to environmental
                      research.
Office of
E n vironmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration is responsible for the
assessment and the development of methods for
control of the environmental and socio-economic
impacts of municipal and industrial operations
and of energy and mineral resource extraction,
processing, conversion, and utilization systems.
                              102

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                       The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in
                     Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent,
                     control, and treat hazardous wastes and
                     Superfund related activities. This includes
                     defining and characterizing sources of pollution,
                     catalyzing advances in the state-of-the-art of
                     pollution control, providing engineering concepts
                     for cost-effective engineering solutions to difficult
                     pollution problems and early-warning of emerging
                     sources of pollution.
                       It also investigates, develops and demonstrates
                     cost-effective methods for the treatment and
                     management of municipal wastewater and sludges
                     and urban runoff; and of industrial processing and
                     manufacturing and toxic discharges; and the
                     development of technology and management
                     systems for the treatment, distribution and
                     presentation of public drinking water supplies.
                       The Air and Energy Engineering Research
                     Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North
                     Carolina, catalyzes the development of control
                     technologies and process modifications needed to
                     establish and meet standards for air emissions in a
                     timely and cost-effective manner, and supports
                     EPA's regulatory and enforcement programs. The
                     Laboratory also environmentally assesses the
                     manufacture of synthetic fuels and other current
                     and emerging energy sources.
Office of
Health
Research
The Office of Health Research is responsible for
developing and evaluating toxicity test methods
and for providing toxicity data to enable the
Agency to accurately identify hazards and
determine human risk from environmental
exposure. To fulfill this mission, research is
conducted in three major areas:

—Toxicity test method development
— Generation of dose-response data
— Development of methods to use data from
  toxicity testing and dose-response studies to
  estimate human morbidity and mortality;
  including extrapolation from animal data to
  human effects, from high to low doses, from
                               103

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                       acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
                       exposure to dose.
                       The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERD
                     with divisions in Research Triangle Park, North
                     Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio, conducts research,
                     both intramurally and extramurally, which is
                     responsive to these goals. Physical, biological and
                     chemical agents are studied; and research is
                     conducted in the scientific disciplines of
                     pulmonary toxicology, genetic toxicology,
                     neurotoxicology, developmental and reproductive
                     toxicology, and epidemiology and biometry.
                     Research to improve the quality of health risk
                     assessment is being conducted through the
                     development of pharmacokinetic and biologically
                     based models. These models are being developed to
                     more accurately predict the relationship between
                     environmental concentration, target tissue dose
                     and ultimate health effect.
Office of
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research is responsible for the administration of a
broad range of ecological research programs.
These programs are structured to provide the
scientific data and technological methods
necessary to understand, predict, and control the
entry and movement of pollutants into the
environment and to determine the effects of such
substances on organisms and ecosystems. The
information and research products resulting from
these programs are directly applicable to fulfilling
the Agency's regulatory responsibilities.
  Research is conducted within the full realm of
environmental media—atmosphere, soil, ground
water, surface water, and coastal and marine
waters. Major areas of study include toxic
substances, hazardous waste, pesticides, acid
deposition, biotechnology, global climate change,
stratospheric ozone, wetlands, water quality,
ecological risk assessment.and status of critical
ecological resources—particularly coastal
ecosystems. The Office actively provides technical
support in environmental science and technology
                               104

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     to regions and States in order to assist in problem
                     solving and to transfer information and
                     technology to local users.
                       The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
                     Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma, serves as U.S.
                     EPA's center for ground water research, focusing
                     its efforts on studies of the transport and fate of
                     contaminants in the subsurface, development of
                     methodologies for protection and restoration of
                     ground-water quality, and evaluation of the
                     applicability and limitations of using natural soil
                     and subsurface processes for the treatment of
                     hazardous wastes. Subsurface transport and fate
                     information is incorporated into mathematical
                     models for use in predicting the transport and fate
                     of contaminants in the subsurface. Efforts to
                     support the immediate needs and activities of
                     EPA's operating programs are focused on the
                     Underground Injection Control Program, the
                     Wellhead Protection Program and the Hazardous
                     Waste and Superfund Programs. RSKERL's
                     Technology Support Program provides decision-
                     makers with a source of information on subsurface
                     fate and transport of contaminants and in situ
                     remediation technologies, as well as the associated
                     expert assistance required to effectively use this
                     information.
                       The Environmental Research Laboratory in
                     Athens, Georgia, conducts and manages
                     fundamental and applied research to predict and
                     assess the human and environmental exposures
                     and risks associated with the release of
                     conventional and toxic pollutants in water and
                     soil. The research focus is predictive ecological
                     science—predictive pollutant fate, predictive
                     exposure assessment, and predictive ecological
                     risk assessment and eco-resource management.
                       The research identifies and characterizes the
                     natural biological and chemical processes that
                     affect the environmental fate and effects of specific
                     toxic substances, such as pesticides or metals. The
                     results are applied in state-of-the-art
                     mathematical models for assessing and managing
                     environmental pollution problems. Emphasized
                     research areas in FY90 are biospheric feedback in
                     global warming, ecological risk assessment,
                     sediment quality evaluation, and artificial
                               105

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     intelligence-expert systems for predicting
                     chemical reactivity.
                       EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment
                     Modeling (CEAM) an internationally known
                     center of modeling expertise located at the Athens
                     Lab, provides models, training, and applications
                     support for exposure evaluation and ecological
                     risk assessment. CEAM assists the Agency and
                     States in environmental risk-based decisions
                     concerning the protection of surface water, soil,
                     ground water, and air.
                       The Environmental Research Laboratory in
                     Corvallis, Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial
                     and watershed ecology and assesses the
                     comprehensive ecological impact of inland
                     pollution and other environmental changes caused
                     by man. This includes the ecological effects of
                     airborne pollutants, such as acid deposition; the
                     ecological effects of global climate UV-B changes;
                     the effects of toxic chemicals on terrestrial plants,
                     animals, and ecosystems; the assessment and
                     restoration of contaminated or degraded
                     environments; the characterization and
                     assessment of the vulnerability of ecological
                     systems such as wetlands, to human impacts; and
                     the ecological risks from the terrestrial release of
                     bioengineered organisms and other biological
                     control agents.
                       The Environmental Research Laboratory in
                     Duluth, Minnesota, is primarily responsible for
                     developing water quality criteria for the Nation's
                     freshwaters. The mission of this laboratory is to
                     develop methods for predicting and assessing the
                     effects of pollutants and pollution activities on
                     freshwater resources. Located on Lake Superior,
                     the laboratory specializes in the toxicology of
                     pesticides, industrial chemicals and hazardous
                     substances. The laboratory has diversified
                     research programs and two research stations
                     (Grosse He, MI—Great Lakes Research—and
                     Monticello, MN—Wetlands/Ecological Research)
                     in carrying out its mission.                i
                       ERL-Duluth continues to conduct its research '
                     in surface freshwater systems, both flowing and
                     lakes, including the Great Lakes and Freshwater
                     Wetlands. Research programs center on stresses
                     from water criteria pollutants, xenobiotics, and
                               106

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     biological stressors including climate changes and
                     sediments. Investigations focus on the impact of
                     these stresses through a risk assessment/reduction
                     framework including (1) stress/source assessment,
                     (2) classify/characterize, (3) hazard identification,
                     (4) stressor/close response, (5) resiliency/recovery,
                     (6) quantitative risk characterization, and (7)
                     mitigation option analysis.
                       The Environmental Research Laboratory at
                     Narragansett, Rhode Island, along with its Pacific
                     Coast laboratory in Newport, Oregon, is the
                     Agency's National Marine Environmental Quality
                     Research Laboratory. The Laboratory's research
                     and development efforts support primarily the
                     EPA's Office of Water, Office of Emergency and
                     Remedial Response, and the Office of Air and
                     Radiation. The Laboratory efforts respond mainly
                     to legislative requirements of the Clean Water
                     Act, the Marine Protection, Research and
                     Sanctuaries Act, and the Superfund
                     Reauthorization Act. Major emphasis is placed on
                     providing the scientific base for environmental
                     criteria, waste disposal practices, environmental
                     analysis/impacts, assessments and marine and
                     estuarine risk assessments for regulatory
                     activities of responsible offices.
                       The principal core areas of the Laboratory
                     reflect its major strengths and are critical to
                     accomplish the Laboratory's mission and the
                     Agency's risk assessment approach to
                     environmental protection. The Laboratory's core
                     disciplines are: Environmental Chemistry,
                     Transports and Fate, Biological and Ecological
                     Effects, Biomonitoring, Ecological Risk
                     Assessment and Multidisciplinary Information
                     Management.
                       The Laboratory is responsible for the following
                     research program areas: (1) marine and estuarine
                     disposal, discharge of (and recovery from) complex
                     wastes, dredged materials, and other wastes; (2)
                     water use designation and derivation of criteria
                     for marine and estuarine water and sediment; (3)
                     environmental assessment of ocean disposal and
                     discharges of wastes and wastewaters; (4)
                     technical and research support for evaluating
                     remediation options at proposed and designated
                     marine/estuarine Superfund sites; and (5)
                               107

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     research on the effects of global warming and the
                     depletion of stratospheric ozone on marine
                     systems. Technical assistance, technology
                     transfer, and investigations of an emergency
                     nature, e.g.,  spills of toxic material, also are
                     provided to aid EPA offices in evaluating
                     environmental threats posed by toxicants, other
                     pollutants, and physical modifications along the
                     Mid and North Atlantic, West Coasts, and other
                     geographic locations. Technical assistance is also
                     provided to other Federal agencies, states,
                     municipalities, and industry.
                        The Environmental Research Laboratory in
                     Gulf Breeze, Florida, has broad research objectives
                     which include the development of scientific
                     information  necessary for (1) formulation of
                     guidelines, standards, and strategies for
                     management of hazardous materials in the near-
                     coastal marine environment, (2) definition of
                     current ecological "health" status and prediction
                     of changes in ecological structure and function,
                     and (3) description of cause(s) of aberrant
                     conditions or observed changes in ecological
                     status. Research is primarily devoted to chemical
                     compounds and biological products regulated by
                     EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic  Substances,
                     the Office of Water Programs, and the Office of
                     Solid Waste  and Emergency Response.
                        Research  programs specifically addressed by
                     the Laboratory include (1) definition and
                     evaluation of factors and mechanisms that affect
                     biodegradation rates and bioaccumulation
                     potential in food-webs; (2) development of
                     procedures and evaluation protocols for the
                     biological treatment of hazardous wastes; (3)
                     determination of effects of carcinogens, mutagens,
                     and teratogens in aquatic species (organisms and
                     populations); (4) development of principles and
                     applications of ecotoxicology, including
                     measurements and predictions of the fate and
                     effects of chemicals and bio technological products
                     on estuarine organisms, populations,
                     communities, and associated ecological structure
                     and function; (5) development and verification of
                     methods and data that allow extrapolation of
                     effects from  laboratory observations to field
                     situations, within and among species, populations,
                                108

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     communities, and ecosystems; and (6)
                     development of methods to evaluate the
                     environmental risk of toxic chemicals and
                     products of biotechnology to the marine
                     environment.
Office of
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
The Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance (OMMSQA) is responsible for:
(a) research with respect to the characterization,
transport, and fate of pollutants which are
released into the atmosphere; (b) development and
demonstration of techniques and methods to
monitor and model human and ecological exposure
and to relate ambient concentrations to exposure
by critical receptors; (c) research, development and
demonstration of new monitoring methods,
systems, techniques, and equipment for detection,
identification and characterization of pollutants at
the source and in the ambient environment and for
use as reference or standard monitoring methods;
(d) management and oversight of the Agency-wide
quality assurance program; and (e) development
and provision of quality assurance methods,
techniques and material  including validation and
standardization of analytical methods, sampling
techniques, quality control methods, standard
reference materials, and techniques for data
collection, evaluation and interpretation.
  The Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts
research and development programs related to: (a)
monitoring of pollutantsin the environments; (b)
developing sampling strategies and techniques for
monitoring hazardous waste leachates in soil and
groundwater; (c) developing remote sensing
techniques; (d) conducting human exposure
monitoring and modeling studies covering several
environmental media; (e) evaluating analytical
methods for the characterization and
quantification of hazardous wastes; and (f)
providing quality assurance in support of the
EPA's hazardous waste, Superfund, pesticides,
ionizing radiation, and acid deposition programs.
                              109

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                       The Environmental Monitoring Systems
                     Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, has as its primary
                     missions: (a) conducts research in the
                     development, evaluation, and standardization of
                     chemical and biological methods for
                     environmental assessments: (b) conducts research
                     for detecting, identifying and quantifying
                     microbial pathogens found in environmental
                     media; and (c) provides quality assurance in
                     support of the waste water, and related solid
                     wastes, Superfund, and toxics programs.
                       The Atmospheric Research and Exposure
                     Assessment Laboratory in Research Triangle Park,
                     North Carolina, conducts intramural and
                     extramural research programs through laboratory
                     and field research in chemical, physical, and
                     biological sciences to: (a) characterize and
                     quantify present and future ambient air pollutant
                     levels and resultant exposures to humans and
                     ecosystems on local, regional, and global scales; (b)
                     develop and validate models to predict changes in
                     air pollution levels and air pollutant exposures
                     and determine the relationships among the factors
                     affected by predicted and observed changes; (c)
                     determine source-to-receptor relationships
                     relating to ambient air quality and air pollutant
                     exposures, developing predictive models to be used
                     for assessments of regulatory alternatives derived
                     from these relationships, directly or indirectly;
                     and (d) conduct long-term research in the areas of
                     atmospheric methods, quality assurance, field
                     monitoring, biomarkers, spatial statistics,
                     exposure assessment, human activity patterns,
                     and modeling research.
Office of
Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment (OHEA) is responsible for assessing
the effects of environmental pollutants in varying
exposure situations on human health and
ecological systems and determining the degree of
risks from these exposures. The risk assessments
performed by OHEA are used by the Agency as the
scientific basis for regulatory and enforcement
decisions. OHEA's responsibilities also include the
development of risk assessment guidelines and
                               110

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ORD Organizational Descriptions
                     methodologies, and recommendations for new
                     research efforts that will better support future
                     EPA risk assessment activities and research that
                     will reduce the uncertainties in EPA risk
                     assessment activities.
                       Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for
                     health assessments of both single chemicals and
                     complex mixtures. Technical assistance to various
                     Agency programs and Regional Offices concerning
                     acceptable pollutant levels and dose-response
                     relations is also provided.
                       The Office includes four organizational groups:
                       The Human Health Assessment Group provides
                     state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and
                     procedures on the health risks associated with
                     suspected cancer-causing agents and the risks
                     associated with chemicals that are suspected of
                     causing detrimental reproductive effects,
                     including mutagenic, teratogenic, and other
                     adverse reproductive outcomes and reduced
                     fertility; assures quality and consistency in the
                     Agency's scientific risk assessments; provides
                     advice on proposed testing requirements for
                     adequate risk assessments; and prepares
                     independent risk assessments.
                       The Exposure Assessment Group provides
                     advice on the exposure characteristics and factors
                     of agents that are suspected of causing
                     detrimental health effects; provides state-of-the-
                     art methodology, guidance, and procedures for
                     exposure determinations; assures quality and
                     consistency in the Agency's exposure assessments,
                     and prepares independent assessments of exposure
                     and recommendations concerning the exposure
                     potential of specific agents.
                       The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
                     Office in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
                     is responsible for preparing air quality criteria
                     documents and air pollutant health assessment
                     documents for use in Agency regulatory activities,
                     as well as legislatively required health-related
                     reports.
                       The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
                     Office in Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and
                     hazard assessment documents on water pollution
                     and solid and hazardous wastes and hazardous air
                     pollutants.
                               Ill

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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
CERI/CIN
ECAO/CIN
ECAO/RTP
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
Center for Environmental Research Information
  Cincinnati, OH 45268
  CML (513) 569-7391
  FTS 8-684-7391

Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
  Cincinnati, OH 45268
  CML (513) 569-7531
  FTS 8-684-7531

Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
  CML (919) 541-4173
  FTS 8-629-4173

Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
  Cincinnati, OH 45268
  CML (513) 569-7301
  FTS 8-684-7301

Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
  P.O. Box 93478
  Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
  CML (702) 798-2100
  FTS 8-545-2100

Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
  CML (919) 541-2106
  FTS 8-629-2106

Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
  P.O. Box 1198
  Ada, OK 74820
  CML (405) 332-8800
  FTS 8-743-2224

Environmental Research Laboratory
  College Station Road
  Athens, GA 30613
  CML (404) 546-3134
  FTS 8-250-3134
                             112

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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
ERL/NARR
HERL/RTP
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Environmental Research Laboratory
  200 SW 35th Street
  Corvallis, OR 97333
  CML (503) 757-4601
  FTS 8-420-4601

Environmental Research Laboratory
  6201 Congdon Boulevard
  Duluth, MN 55804
  CML (218) 727-6692
  FTS 8-780-5550

Environmental Research Laboratory
  Sabine Island
  Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
  CML (904) 932-5311
  FTS 8-686-9011

Environmental Research Laboratory
  South Ferry Road
  Narragansett, RI 02882
  CML (401) 782-3000
  FTS 8-838-6000

Health Effects Research Laboratory
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
  CML (919) 541-2281
  FTS 8-629-2281

Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
  Cincinnati, OH 45268
  CML (513) 569-7418
  FTS 8-684-7418

Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
  Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
  CML (919) 541-2821
  FTS 8-629-2821

Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
  (RD-681)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-2600
                             113

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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
OEPER/HQ
OER/HQ
OHEA/HQ
OHR/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
OTTRS/HQ
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research
  (RD-682)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-5950

Office of Exploratory Research
  (RD-675)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-5750

Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
  (RD-689)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-7315

Office of Health Research
  (RD-683)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-5900

Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
  (RD-680)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-5767

Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support
  (H-8105)
  Washington, DC 20460
  (202) 382-7669
                            114

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ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim

Akland, Gerald

Barnes, H. M.

Bates, Ed

Baugh, Thomas

Benforado, Jay

Bishop, Fred

Black, Frank

Blacker, Stanley

Bond, Andrew

Bond, Randall

Bromberg, Steve

Brunner, Carl

Budde, William

Bufalni, Joseph

Burckle, John

Butler, Larry

Clark, Robert

Clark, Thomas A.

Clements, John

Convery, John

Cook, Don
       Telephone

CML (919) 541-3443
    FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2346
    FTS 8-629-2346
CML (919) 541-2184
    FTS 8-629-2184
CML (513) 569-7774
    FTS 8-684-7774
CML (202) 382-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-7449
    FTS 8-382-7449
CML (513) 569-7629
    FTS 8-684-7629
CML (919) 541-3037
    FTS 8-629-3037
CML (202) 382-5763
    FTS 8-382-5763
CML (919) 541-4329
    FTS 8-629-4329
CML (202) 382-5893
    FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-2919
    FTS 8-629-2919
CML (513) 569-7655
    FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7309
    FTS 8-569-7309
CML (919) 541-2706
    FTS 8-629-2706
CML (513) 569-7506
    FTS 8-684-7506
CML (702) 798-2114
    FTS 8-545-2114
CML (513) 569-7201
    FTS 8-684-7201
CML (513) 569-7301
    FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-2188
    FTS 8-629-2188
CML (513) 569-7601
    FTS 8-684-7601
CML (202) 382-5982
    FTS 8-382-5982
Cook, Philip M.


Cordle, Steven


Cortesi, Roger


Costa, Charles


Cote, Ila


Craig, Alfred B.


Cupitt, Larry


Daniel, Bernie


Dellarco, Michael


Dempsey, Clyde


DeRosa, Christopher


desRosiers, Paul


Dick, Marshall


Donaldson, William


Dufour, Alfred


Duke, Tom


Dyer, Robert


Eaton, John
          ;

Ehrlich, Alan


Evans, Shelly


Fallon, William


Farland, William
       Telephone

CML (218) 720-5572
    FTS 8-780-5572

CML (202) 382-5940
    FTS 8-382-5940

CML (202) 382-5750
    FTS 8-382-5750

CML (702) 798-2305
    FTS 8-545-2305

CML (919) 541-4922
    FTS 8-629-4922

CML (919) 541-2821
    FTS 8-629-2821

CML (919) 541-2107
    FTS 8-629-2107

CML (513) 569-7411
    FTS 8-684-7411

CML (202) 382-5794
    FTS 8-382-5794

CML (513) 569-7504
    FTS 8-684-7504

CML (513) 569-7531
    FTS 8-684-7531
CML (202) 382-2722
    FTS 8-382-2722

CML (202) 382-2583
    FTS 8-382-2583

CML (404) 546-3184
    FTS 8-250-3184

CML (513) 569-7218
    FTS 8-684-7218

CML (904) 932-5311
    FTS 8-686-9011

CML (919) 541-2760
    FTS 8-629-2760
CML (218) 720-5557
    FTS 8-780-5557

CML (202) 382-7315
    FTS 8-382-7315
CML (702) 798-2270
    FTS 8-545-2270

CML (202) 382-5739
    FTS 8-382-5739

CML (202) 382-5898
    FTS 8-382-5898
                                     115

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ORD Key Contacts
Farlow, John

Farrell, Joseph

Finkelstein, Pete

Foley, Gary

Fowle, Jack

Fradkin, Larry

Freeman, Harry

Garrahan, Kevin

Grant, Lester

Hall, Robert E.

Hangebrauck, R. P.

Hern, Stephen

Hill, Ronald D.

Kitchens, Lynnann

Hogsett, William

Hood, Ken

Jakobson, Kurt

Janetos, Anthony

Jaworski, Norbert A.

Jones, Julian

Jutro, Peter

Kapustka, Lawrence
       Telephone

CML (201) 321-6635
    FTS 8-340-6635
CML (513) 569-7645
    FTS 8-684-7645
CML (919) 541-2347 ,
    FTS 8-629-2347
CML (919) 541-2106
    FTS 8-629-2106
CML (919) 541-2281
    FTS 8-629-2281
CML (513) 569-7584
    FTS 8-684-7584
CML (513) 569-7529
    FTS 8-684-7529
CML (202) 382-2588
    FTS 8-382-2588
CML (919) 541-4173
    FTS 8-629-4173
CML (919) 541-2477
    FTS 8-629-2477
CML (919) 541-4134
    FTS 8-629-4134
CML (702) 798-2594
    FTS 8-545-2594
CML (513) 569-7861
    FTS 8-684-7861
CML (202) 382-2583
    FTS 8-382-2583
CML (503) 755-4632
    FTS 8-420-4632
CML (202) 382-5967
    FTS 8-382-5967
CML (202) 382-5748
    FTS 8-382-5748
CML (202) 382-5791
    FTS 8-382-5791
CML (401) 782-3000
    FTS 8-838-6000
CML (919) 541-2489
    FTS 8-629-2489
CML (202) 382-5600
    FTS 8-382-5600
CML (503) 757-4606
    FTS 8-420-4606
Keeler, George

Kibby, Harold

Klauder, David

Klee.Al

Kleffman, David

Knapp, Kenneth

Koglin, Eric

Kreissl, James

Krishnan, Bala

Kutz, Frederick W.

Kuehl, Douglas W.

Lackey, Robert A.

Laveille.WillC.

Levinson, Barbara

Lewtas, Joellen

Lichtenberg, James

Lindsey, Alfred

Linthurst, Rick

Lykins, Ben

Malanchuk, John L.

Maxwell, Michael

McCarthy, Bill
       Telephone

CML (405) 332-8800
    FTS 8-743-2212
CML (503) 757-4625
    FTS 8-420-4625
CMS (202) 382-7667
    FTS 8-382-7667
CML (513) 569-7493
    FTS 8-684-7493
CML (202) 382-5893
    FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-3085
    FTS 8-629-3085
CML (702) 798-2237
    FTS 8-545-2237
CML (513) 569-7611
    FTS 8-684-7611
CML (202) 382-2613
    FTS 8-382-2613
CML(202)382.-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (218) 720-5511
    FTS 8-780-5511
CML (503) 757-4600
    FTS 8-420-4600
CML (202) 382-5990
    FTS 8-382-5990
CML (202) 382-5983
    FTS 8-382-5983
CML (919) 541-3849
    FTS 8-629-3849
CML (513) 569-7306
    FTS 8-684-7306
CML (202) 382-4073
    FTS 8-382-4073
CML (202) 382-5767
    FTS 8-382-5767
CML (513) 569-7460
    FTS 8-684-7460
CML (202) 382-5600
    FTS 8-382-5600
CML (919) 541-3091
    FTS 8-629-3091
CML (202) 382-2605
    FTS 8-382-2605
                                     116

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ORD Key Contacts
McCarty, James C.

McClenny, William

McElroy, James L.

McKee, Gerald

McKenzie, Daniel

McNabb, James F.

Messer, Jay

Miller, Thomas

Mitchell, William

Mitchum, R. K.

Moore, Martha

Moore, Michael

Mullin, Cynthia

Murphy, Thomas A.

Oberacker, Donald

Oppelt, Timothy.

Ott, Wayne

Pahl, Dale

Parish, Rod

Pashayan, Deran

Patton, Dorothy

Paur, Dick
       Telephone

CML (503) 757-4601
    FTS 8-420-4601

CML (914)541-3158
    FTS 8-629-3152
CML (702) 798-2361
    FTS 8-545-23 61
CML (513) 569-7303
    FTS 8-684-7303
CML (503) 757-4666
    FTS 8-420-4666
CML (4051332-8800
    FTS 8-743-2216
CML (919) 541-0150
    FTS 8-629-0150
CML (202) 382-5893
    FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-2769
    FTS 8-629-2769
CML (702) 798-2103
    FTS 8-545-2103
CML (919) 541-3933
    FTS 8-629-3933
CML (202) 382-7667
    FTS 8-382-7667
CML (513) 569-7523
    FTS 8-684-7523
CML (503) 757-4601
    FTS 8-420-4601
CML (513) 569-7523
    FTS 8-684-7523
CML (513) 569-7896
    FTS 8-684-7896
CML (202) 382-5793
    FTS 8-382-5793
CML(919)541-1851
    FTS 8-629-1851
CML (904) 932-5311
    FTS 8-686-9011
CML (202) 475-8936
    FTS 8-475-8936
CML (202) 475-6743
    FTS 8-475-6743
CML (919) 541-3131
    FTS 8-629-3131
Pearson, Gareth


Perlin, Susan

Peterson, Spencer


Pitchford, Ann

Plyler, Everett

Preston, Walter


Preuss, Peter

Reiter, Larry


Rhodes, William


Rogers, Charles

Rossman, Lewis


Royer, Michael

Russo, Rosemarie, C.

Saint, Chris

Schiermeier, Francis


Schomaker, Norbert

Schonbrod, Robert

Sexton, Ken


Shapiro, Paul

Shreffler.Jack


Snelling, Robert

Sorg, Tom
       Telephone

CML (702) 798-2203
    FTS 8-545-2203
CML (202) 382-5893
    FTS 8-382-5893
CML (503) 757-4605
    FTS 8-420-4605
CML (702) 798-2366
    FTS 8-545-2366
CML (919) 541-2918
    FTS 8-629-2918
CML (202) 382-7445
    FTS 8-382-7445
CML (202) 382-7669
    FTS 8-382-7669
CML (919) 541-2281
    FTS 8-629-2281
CML (919) 541-2853
    FTS 8-629-2853
CML (513) 569-7757
    FTS 8-684-7757
CML (513) 569-7603
    FTS 8-684-7603
CML (201) 321-6633
    FTS 8-340-6633
CML (404) 546-3134
    FTS 8-250-3134

CML (202) 382-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (919) 541-4541
    FTS 8-629-4541
CML (513) 569-7871
    FTS 8-684-7871
CML (702) 798-2100
    FTS 8-545-2229
CML (202) 382-5900
    FTS 8-382-5900
CML (202) 382-2583
    FTS 8-382-2583
CML (919) 541-2194
    FTS 8-629-2194
CML (702) 798-2525
    FTS 8-545-2525
CML (513) 569-7370
    FTS 8-684-7370
                                     117

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ORD Key Contacts
Spence, John J.

Stanton, John J.


Stevens, Al


Swank, Robert

Tang, Don


Thomas, Nelson


Tingey, Dave


Trout, Dennis

Tucker, W. Gene


Valcovic, Lawrence

Veith, Oilman


Wallace, Lance


Weber, Cornelius

Wilhour, Raymond


Williams, Llew


Williams, Sam

Wilmoth, Roger


Wilson, William


Winter, John

Worlund, John


Worrest, Robert


Wu,Chieh
       Telephone

CML (919) 541-2649
    FTS 8-629-2649

CML (202) 382-7669
    FTS 8-382-7669
CML (513) 569-7342
    FTS 8-684-7342
CML (404) 546-3134
    FTS 8-250-3134

CML (202) 382-2621
    FTS 8-382-2621
CML (218) 720-5550
    FTS 8-780-5550
CML (503) 757-4621
    FTS 8-420-4621

CML (202) 382-5991
    FTS 8-382-5991
CML (919) 541-2746
    FTS 8-629-2746
CML (202) 382-7303
    FTS 8-382-7303
CML (218) 720-5550
    FTS 8-780-5550

CML (202) 382-5776
    FTS 8-382-5776
CML (513) 527-8350
    FTS 8-778-8350

CML (904) 932-5311
    FTS 8-686-9011
CML (702) 798-2138
    FTS 8-545-2138
CML (202) 382-5967
    FTS 8-382-5967
CML (513) 569-7509
    FTS 8-684-7509
CML (919) 541-2551
    FTS 8-629-2551
CML (513) 569-7325
    FTS 8-684-7325
CML (702) 798-2656
    FTS 8-545-2656
CML (202) 382-5981
    FTS 8-382-5981
CML (202) 382-5977
    FTS 8-382-5977
Zenick, Harold


Zepp, Richard
       Telephone

CML(919)541-2281
    FTS 8-629-2281

CML (404) 564-3428
    FTS 8-250-3428
                                    118

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ORD Regional Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional Operations Staff is
responsible for planning, coordinating, and reviewing a program to
provide inter-communication and assistance on all matters of mutual
interest and/or responsibility of the Agency's Regional Offices and the
Office of Research and Development.
  Finally, for further information regarding EPA technical assistance, or
for additional copies of this report, please contact:

Director, David Klauder                             (202) 382-7667
  Regional Operations Staff (RD-672)
  Washington, DC 20460
                                                     Telephone

Regional Liaison Officer, Morris Altschuler              (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff
Washington, DC 20460

Coordinator, Regional Scientist Program, Mike Moore     (202) 382-7667
Washington, DC 20460

ORD/OTTRS Regional Scientists

Louis J. Blume, Region V
Chicago, IL 60604

Dermont Bouchard, Region VII
Kansas City, KA 66101

Gregory A. Kew, Region I
Boston, MA 02203

H. George Keeler, Region VI
Dallas, TX 75270

Norman Kulujian, Region III
Philadelphia, PA 19107

Richard Moraski, Region VIII
Denver, CO 80202-2405

Spencer Peterson, Region X
Seattle, WA 98101
                               119

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EPA Regional Offices
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
CML (617) 5B5-3424
FTS 8-835-3424

Environmental Protection Agency
Room 900
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-2515
FTS 8-264-2515

Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215) 597-9370
FTS 8-597-9370
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
CML (404) 347-3004
FTS 8-257-3004
Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 353-2073
FTS 8-353-2073
Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Ave.
12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75202
CML (214) 655-2200
FTS 8-255-2200
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont

New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia

Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee

Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin

Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
                              120

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EPA Regional Offices
Region 7    Environmental Protection Agency
           726 Minnesota Avenue
           Kansas City, Kansas 66101
           CML (913) 236-2803
           FTS 8-757-2803

Region 8    Environmental Protection Agency
           999 18th Street
           Suite 500
           Denver, Colorado 80202-2405
           CML (303) 293-1692
           FTS 8-564-1692

Region 9    Environmental Protection Agency
           215 Fremont Street
           San Francisco, California 94105
           CML (415) 974-7767
           FTS 8-454-7767
Region 10   Environmental Protection Agency
           1200 6th A venue
           Seattle, Washington 98101
           CML (206) 442-1465
           FTS 8-399-1465
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming

Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Guam
American Samoa

Alaska
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
                              121

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