United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
EPA/600/9-89/070
September 1989
Research and Development
FY-1990
EPA Research
Program Guide
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EPA/600/9-89/070
September 1989
FY-1990
EPA Research
Program Guide
October 1, 1989 - September 30, 1990
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Notice
The program descriptions and resource estimates included in this
document reflect the latest detailed information available at time of
publication. Time will change some of this information. In addition, the
resource figures have been.rounded off and some smaller programs
omitted. For the latest information, you may want to contact the
individual listed.
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Contents
Introduction 1
How to Use the Program Guide 2
Air 3
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory Activities 3
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory Activities 7
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 10
New Source Performance Standards and State
Implementation Plans 13
Indoor Air Pollution Activities 16
Stratospheric Ozone 19
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) 21
Global Change Retearch 22
Global Climate Change 24
Health Effects Institute 25
Drinking Water 26
Health Effects of Drinking Water Contaminants 26
Groundwater Research 27
Ground Water 27
Drinking Water Technology 28
Water Quality 30
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting 30
Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology 31
Wastewater Treatment Technology 32
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes 34
Hazardous Waste 37
Alternate Technologies 37
Incineration 37
Land Disposal 39
Quality Assurance 40
Releases 40
Modeling and Monitoring Releases 42
Waste Characterization 43
Waste Identification 45
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment , 46
Biotechnology 46
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest Control
Agents 47
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 49
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 50
Exposure Monitoring 51
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and Extrapolation 51
Special Human Data Needs 52
111
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Contents (continued)
Structure Activity Relationships 52
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) 54
Engineering 54
Test Method Development 56
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know 57
Asbestos 57
SARA Title III 58
Pesticides 59
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical Pest
Control Agents 59
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment 60
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation 60
Engineering 61
Exposure 62
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and Extrapolation 62
Support 63
Test Method Development 64
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities 65
Multi-Media Energy 66
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology 66
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data Base 66
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made Sources 67
Understand and Quantify Effects on Material and
Cultural Resources 67
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects 67
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial Effects 68
Understanding Atmospheric Processes 69
Intermedia 70
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer, Regulatory
Support and Regional Operations Activities 70
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance Program 70
Visiting Scientists Program 72
Exploratory Research Centers 73
Exploratory Research Grants 74
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program 75
Research to Improve Health Risk Assessment
(RIHRA) (Health) 76
Radiation 77
Off-Site Monitoring Program 77
Scientific Support for Radon Program 77
Superfund 78
Provide Techniques and Procedures for Site and
Situation Assessment 78
IV
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Contents (continued)
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites Requires
Technologies for Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for Supporting
Enforcement Actions 79
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund Program
Requirements 80
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
Regions 80
Provide Technical Support to Enforcement, Program, and
Regional Offices 82
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and Detection 82
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research 83
Superfund Reportable Quantity Regulatory Efforts 84
Innovative/Alternative Technology Research,
Development, and Demonstration 85
Evaluate Technologies to Manage Uncontrolled
Waste Sites 86
Manage Hazardous Substance Research Centers
Program 86
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)
Program—Superfund 88
Superfund Research Grants 88
Interdisciplinary 89
Consistent Risk Assessment 89
Total Human Exposure 90
Ecological Trends 91
Overview 92
Organization Chart 94
ORD Organization 95
ORD Organizational Descriptions 101
ORD Office/Laboratory Abbreviations 112
ORD Key Contacts 115
ORD Regional Contacts 119
EPA Regional Offices 120
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Introduction
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimulates and provides
quality control for the progress of science. This report provides information
on th - research which EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on how much
we intend to spend on each program area, and on whom to contact for
further details. More than 60 percent of our research budget will be spent
through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements with
organizations outside of EPA's laboratories.
It is our intent to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of this
research by placing great emphasis upon open competition for extramural
support. We hope that the information in this report will stimulate
qualified parties and make their capabilities known to our research
managers so that we all might gain from sharing experience and expertise.
Please feel free to contact any of the parties listed in this report.
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How to Use the Program Guide
The following descriptions of ORD's research program are organized first
by media such as air, water, hazardous wastes, etc. These categories are
further broken down into research foci such as scientific assessment,
monitoring and quality assurance, health effects, environmental
processes, and engineering technology. Each description is a very broad
summary of the research being done, where that research is being done,
who to contact for more information about the program, and both the
approximate total funding for that area and the percentage of total
funding which is reserved by EPA for in-house research. Funding which is
not reserved for in-house research is spent through extramural contracts,
grants and cooperative agreements.
For each program description, one or more contacts are listed along
with the major research areas to be pursued. For further information, you
may call the contacts. Their commercial and Federal (FTS) telephone
numbers are listed in a separate section near the end of this report. Where
two or more research laboratories are listed, please turn to the "EPA R&D
Organization" section of this report for descriptions of the major mission
and functions of each.
Some of the research funded for this fiscal year will be done in-house by
EPA's laboratories. The rest will be accomplished extramurally. Proposals
for funds for research in areas of interest to the agency are welcomed and
are considered on a competitive basis. To receive information regarding
application procedures for extramural funds, please contact the person
indicated in the area of specific interest to you. In addition, approximately
fifteen percent of EPA's research budget is used to support long-term
exploratory research. Information regarding funds for exploratory
research grants can be obtained from the:
Research Grants Program
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
USEPA
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
Finally, for further information regarding Office of Research and
Development research publications (600/series) or for additional copies of
this report, please contact:
Center for Environmental Research Information
USEPA
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7562
FTS 8-684-7562
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Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The engineering program for hazardous air
pollutants addresses problems in the industrial,
commercial, governmental (e.g., military), and
public sectors. The program is comprised of three
parts: (1) prevention of Hazardous Air
Pollutant/Volatile Organic Compound emissions;
(2) overcoming technical barriers to effective
application of control devices; and (3) direct
engineering technical support.
Prevention of HAP/VOC emissions is
accomplished through development of engineering
control strategies involving the use of such options
as:
—Substitutes
—Alternative feedstocks and processes
—Recovery, reclamation, reuse
—Decision making systems for product
manufacturers and formulators
—Special prevention techniques
Overcoming technical barriers to control
VOC/HAPs and Particulate Matter less than 10
microns HAPs involves development and
evaluation of high-tech control technologies. Such
new, advanced technologies make control possible
where it was not feasible before. A good example is
the problems associated with controls for small
point and area sources. Overcoming barriers also
involves work with source-oriented controls for
problem sources such as woodstoves, flares,
municipal waste incinerators, chrome electro-
plating, and asbestos manufacture.
In addition, resolving technical barriers
includes work to enhance cost/effectiveness of
existing types of generic air toxic controls such as
carbon adsorption, catalytic oxidation, and
particle controls.
Other barriers that are being addressed are the
increasing complexity of application of multi-
pollutant air toxic controls. This work includes the
development of rapid-response computerized
assessment of source specific controls for
permitting and standards development. This
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Air
includes development and operation of a
"Situation Room" for quick, effective, consistent,
and quality assured engineering assessments.
Technical support includes direct support to
state and local agencies and EPA Regional Offices
through operation of the Control Technology
Center. It also includes source assessment (source-
related measurements to help define the
magnitude and character of air toxic emissions,
especially as related to application of controls. The
Integrated Air Cancer Program falls into this
area. Technical support includes also accidental
and short-term release hazard
identificati on/prevention.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Wade Ponder 2,996.3 53
W. Gene Tucker
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 150 75
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
Health Effects ^ne ^ea^^ research program in hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs) has three goals: (1) to develop
and validate techniques to evaluate the toxic
effects of HAPs, (2) to produce dose-response data
on the toxic effects of HAPs, and (3) to develop
methods which improve our ability to use
toxicological data in performing risk assessments.
Research is conducted on effects associated with
specific chemicals, chemical classes and complex
mixtures.
More broadly, there is a need to evaluate
whether prolonged exposures to ambient levels of
potential HAPs poses a significant health risk.
Primary research approaches are animal
toxicology and dosimetry studies. EPA researchers
will develop methods to provide data on the
genetic, developmental, and neurotoxic effects of
HAPs. Emphasis of this research will be on the
toxic components of gaseous-aerosol complex
mixtures and source emissions.
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Air
Dose-response data on the mutagenic and
carcinogenic activity and noncancer end points
including neurotoxicity, physiological, and
pulmonary health effects of potential HAPs will be
determined. These HAPs will be selected based
upon assessments prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment (OHEA) and
research needs identified by the Office of Air
Quality, Planning, and Standards (OAQPS). The
effects of selected chemicals suspected of being
hazardous to the nervous system will be studied.
The dose-exposure research will provide
quantitative information on the relationship
between dose (body burden) and human exposures
to toxic pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
3,591.4
66
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Air Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The need for technology to monitor non-criteria
contaminants at the regional, state, and local
levels continues. EPA has established monitoring
stations to detect and measure hazardous air
pollutants in selected urban areas. These stations
will function as a focal point for development and
evaluation of monitoring methods in ambient air.
Stationary source methods will be evaluated and
validated. Methods for asbestos, cadmium, nickel,
dioxins, and gaseous organics are needed. In
addition, certain advanced methods will be
evaluated, including cryogenic preconcenti ations,
gas chromatography and Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.
To support quality assurance needs within the
program, reference samples will be developed and
maintained, guidelines for procedures will be
developed, and laboratory audits will be
performed.
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Air
A major ORD field program, the Integrated Air
Cancer Project, will continue to study the origins
and chemical composition of individual species of
toxics, mutagenic or carcinogenic pollutants which
are present in ambient air.
In the Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) research program, laboratory and field
studies will be conducted to determine the
atmospheric lifetimes and transformation
products of hazardous air pollutants; to determine
deposition and removal rates of hazardous
chemicals; and to identify the factors responsible
for concentration levels and spatial and temporal
(i.e., seasonal) variability of selected volatile
organic compounds. Also, research studies will
examine the atmospheric chemical and physical
processes that are important in producing
mutagenic compounds in the atmosphere. The
information obtained from this program is used for
preparing health assessment documents to
determine if chemicals in the atmosphere present
a hazard.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP John Clements 5,134.1 51
Steve Bromberg
AREAL/RTP Larry Cupitt 1,102.8 27
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan 0 0
Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)
Regulatory Activities
Scientific Scientific assessments of HAPs by the Office of
Assessment Health and Environmental Assessment (OHEA)
evaluate research findings concerning the health
effects of airborne substances emitted from
restricted stationary sources or their
transformation products, as well as background
information on physical and chemical properties,
sources, emissions, transport and transformation,
and ambient concentrations. Such assessments
also evaluate chemical compositions of fuels and
fuel additives, engine exhaust emissions, human
exposure to motor vehicle pollutants, and evidence
of resulting health effects.
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Air
The Agency strategy for assessing the toxicity
of various chemical substances nominated by the
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
(OAQPS) includes the following steps: (1)
preparation of a summary health issue
assessment, i.e., an initial review of the scientific
literature concerning the key health effects
associated with a given chemical or class of
chemicals; (2) if the evidence suggests significant
health effects associated with exposure to the
substance(s) reviewed, a draft health assessment
document (HAD) is developed for review at a
public workshop; and (3) if the scientific peer
review supports conclusions on significant health
effects, a comprehensive health assessment is
developed for public comment and Science
Advisory Board review prior to final publication
and use in HAP listing and regulatory decisions.
There is a trend in FY-90 to assess the health
effects of complex mixtures of pollutants (i.e., all
emissions) associated with a particular facility or
site. This is a shift from EPA's past practice of
evaluating the health effects of a single chemical
in various exposure scenarios.
In addition, as part of the Agency's Air Toxic
Strategy, the scientific assessment program will
also provide direct assessment support to Regions
and States. This includes: (1) joint operation with
OAQPS of an Air Risk Information Support
Center (AirRISC) providing rapid response to
requests for technical assistance from State and
local agencies, and providing technical guidance
on issues related to health risk assessment of air
toxics; and (2) development of inhalation reference
dose (IRfD) values for non-cancer health effects
associated with toxic air pollutants.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/RTP Lester Grant 2,774.1 60
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
Health Effects The health effects research program for mobile
sources provides health effects data for selected
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Air
emissions and transformation products associated
with motor vehicles. One goal of the research
conducted by the Health Effects Research
Laboratory is to develop methods and data that
can be used to characterize the risk of mobile
source emissions as a component of the total
human exposure to carcinogens and mutagens.
Methods will be developed to apportion the
potential cancer risk from alternative engine and
fuel types. The work will include the assessment of
DNA adducts as biomarkers of exposure,
dosimetry, or cancer risk from mobile source
emissions in comparative mutagenesis and
tumorigenesis bioassay systems in vitro and in
vivo.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
222.9
48.7
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Mobile Source Pollutant Regulatory
Activities
The major effort in the Characterization,
Transport, and Fate (CTF) portion of this program
is to characterize the emissions from motor
vehicles using both traditional fuels as well as
alternative fuels, such as methanol. Laboratory
studies of the impact of ambient temperature on
the emission rates of regulated and unregulated
pollutants from light duty motor vehicles will
continue. Emphasis will be directed to the
composition of organic emissions. Studies of the
relationship between fuel composition, including
gasoline and gasoline-alcohol blends, and the
composition and rate of tailpipe, evaporative, and
refueling emissions will continue. Other programs
will emphasize the development of analytical
procedures suitable for real-time measurement of
motor vehicle emissions. Procedures for
determination of the operating condition of motor
vehicle emission control devices will be evaluated.
Programs for examination, development, and /
improvement of procedures for apportionment of
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Air
observed ambient pollution to motor vehicles will
be conducted.
Studies will also be conducted to characterize
organic emissions from motor vehicles under
widely variant operating conditions, i.e.,
temperature, speed, and fuels. Emission rates of
formaldehyde, benzene, paraffins, and other
organic compounds of interest will be determined.
Research in the Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance portion of the program focuses
on developing methodology for determining
exposures of the population to mobile source
pollutants. A general methodology has been
developed for measuring and modeling the
exposures of the population to carbon monoxide,
and this methodology has been successfully field
tested. Future research will extend this
methodology to other locations and, where
possible, to other mobile source air pollutants.
Detailed analyses of human exposure field data
collected in selected highway microenvironments
will be undertaken to develop improved commuter
exposure models incorporating traffic variables
(roadway type,traffic count, trip time, and
seasonal characteristics). Data on human activity
patterns and time budgets will be further
evaluated for use in exposure models. Improved
models of human activity patterns and
microenvironmental concentrations will be
developed and field tested.The Simulation of
Human Activities and Pollutant Exposure
(SHAPE) model will be modified and validated
using field data from another urban area.
Additional testing of basic assumptions
incorporated in the NAAQS Exposure Model
(NEM)will be undertaken. The purpose of the
research will be to improve the accuracy and
reliability of the Agency's exposure assessment
methodology for mobile source pollutants.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Gerald Akland 455.0 55
OMMSQA/HQ Wayne Ott 0 0
AREAL/RTP Frank Black 1,567.9 47
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan 0 0
(CTF)
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Air
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
The purpose of this program is to provide scientific
information on atmospheric processes and
monitoring methodologies to support the Agency's
regulatory program on National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). The current
program will focus on inhalable particulate
matter, fine particles and acid aerosols research.
Research will also be conducted on the effects of
particles on materials; it will concentrate on the
influence of particle size and composition on the
soiling of paint.
Under the Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance portion of this program improved air
pollution monitoring methods are being developed
to help determine air quality trends, support
compliance with standards, and meet enforcement
needs. The data from these methods are often used
as the basis for regulatory action. The areas
investigated include ambient methods
development, quality assurance guidelines and
audit materials preparation.
Ambient methods development will focus on
measuring particulate matter in support of
anticipated changes to the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS). EPA researchers
will continue to analyze the mass and chemical
composition of the particles collected through the
Inhalable Particulate Network. Also, fiber filters
from the national, state, and local air monitoring
stations will be analyzed for trace metals and
benzo-a-pyrene. Also, a monitoring network will
continue to characterize visibility trends at
several eastern locations.
Quality Assurance support will be provided
through a standard laboratory and repository of
quality assurance materials. Routine and special
audits will be conducted at laboratories making
ambient measurements and at compressed gas
vendors. QA guidelines, handbooks, data handling
systems and a precision and accuracy reporting
system will be maintained and updated. QA
procedures, materials, and audit techniques will
be developed for compliance monitoring.
10
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Air
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
(CTF)
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
John Clements
James McElroy
William Wilson
Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)
1,542.4
262.3
776.9
0
Percent
In-House
24
35
12
0
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
Health Effects This research program has three major goals: (1)
to provide data on health effects of exposures of 03,
NO2, CO, sulfur oxides, particles, and lead using
both human and animal studies; (2) to provide
better models to extrapolate animal data to
human effects; and (3) to develop improved test
methods for research into the physiological
responses of humans to the primary air pollutants.
Health effects research is conducted to refine
and improve the lexicological and epidemiological
data base relevant to criteria pollutants. Both
human and animal-dose response studies, as well
as mathematical modeling, will be given special
attention to determine the deposition, clearance,
and pulmonary function effects of particles, alone
and in combination with ozone, NO2 and 862-
Research will be done to improve the models
used to extrapolate animal biochemical and
metabolic responses to human effects. Both human
and animal experiments will provide data on the
functional, morphological, and biochemical
changes which occur following exposures to the
primary air pollutants, and provide extrapolation
techniques to predict human pulmonary
responses, including functional and
morphological, to gases and particles.
Animal, human clinical, and epidemiology
studies will provide data to determine the extent
to which the primary air pollutants cause or
exacerbate the development of noncarcinogenic
chronic disease. Biological endpoints to be
examined include development of cardiovascular
or pulmonary disease, aggravation of existing
conditions, changes in biochemistry and host
defense mechanisms, and changes in pulmonary
11
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Air
structure or function. Emphasis is currently
placed on determining the acute and chronic
effects of 03 and NC>2 inhalation.
The health effects data from this research
program are incorporated into EPA criteria
documents which are used to set and revise
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS).
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
15,362.5
26
E nvironmental
Processes and
Effects
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
This research provides scientific support of
NAAQS by determining the effects of ozone on
forests, with emphasis on species of economic
importance. Selected forest species will undergo a
range of ozone exposure scenarios possibly
experienced in the forested regions of the United
States. The ecophysiological impacts of ozone will
be studiedin sensitive tree species, and studies of
the economic impact of ozone damage will
continue on economically and ecologically
significant forest species. The research on
exposure scenarios and tree responses will be used
to assess the risk from ozone on major
commercially valuable forest tree species.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/COR
OEPER/HQ
Bill Hogsett
Anthony C. Janetos
1,985.5
13.2
35
0
Scientific
Assessment
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS)
The main objective of the NAAQS scientific
assessment program is to review and revise
criteria documents for sulfur oxides, particulate
matter, nitrogen oxides, ozone and other
12
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Air
photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide, and
lead. Air Quality Criteria Documents (AQCD) are
mandated by the Clean Air Act and, as directed by
the Act, are revised at 5-year intervals. These
documents are evaluations of the available
scientific information on the health and welfare
effects of criteria pollutants. As such, criteria
documents are the primary source of information
used by EPA regulatory decision makers in setting
or revising the NAAQS.
Criteria document draft materials are
developed by EPA scientists and outside expert
consultants and are peer- reviewed by scientific
experts in public workshops. Subsequently, the
document drafts are revised and through
announcements in the Federal Register, the public
is invited to comment on the resulting external
review drafts, which are also reviewed in public
meetings by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory
Committee of EPA's Science Advisory Board. The
final documents are submitted to the Clean Air
Docket and are published concurrently with the
proposed regulatory decisions.
In FY90, work will continue on revision of the
Carbon Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen AQCDs
and on the assembling and updating of data bases
concerning ozone, acid aerosols, lead, and fine
particle-visibility relationships.
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/RTP
Contact
Lester Grant
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,963.4
58
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
Air quality models predicting the air quality
impacts associated with pollution abatement
strategies are used in the evaluation and
development of State Implementation Plans for
the control of photochemical oxidants and gases
and particles.
The Characterization, Transport, and Fate
(CTF) portion of this program is responsible for
conducting air quality modeling and laboratory
13
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Air
studies to develop a single, defensible chemical
mechanism module for use in ozone air quality
simulation models. A regional ozone air quality
model recently developed is being used to support
ozone air quality standard development and
implementation. Models will be used to assess the
air quality impacts associated with various ozone
control strategy scenarios. In a cooperative
program involving ORD, the Program and
Regional offices, the Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM) will be used to assess the impact of long
range ozone transport in the Northeast. Also in
response to questions that have been raised
concerning the role of biogenic emissions in ozone
formation in the southeastern U.S., a research
program has been initiated to determine the role
of biogenic emissions and other factors that may
affect the attainment of ozone standards.
Field and laboratory studies to further develop
and test different source apportionment methods
(SAMs) are underway and will evaluate hybrid
SAM models with chemical composition and
meteorology for apportionment of regional
aerosols. In anticipation of a revised particulate
air quality standard based on inhalable
particulars field, smog chamber, wind tunnel,
water channel, and laboratory studies are being
used to develop and evaluate chemistry and
dispersion components of urban scale particulate
air quality models. Research is continuing to
develop a first generation regional particulate air
quality model (RPM). Cooperative transport and
fate studies with the Peoples Republic of China
will continue.
The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air
Pollution (UNAMAP) program is continuing to
evaluate models to prepare computer programs for
new versions of UNAMAP, prepare user's guides
and supplements, and provide modeling
consultation to users. Fluid modeling studies are
being conducted on the flow in the wake of
buildings.
Additional research activities in the
Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance area
emphasize the development of monitoring
methods and provision of quality assurance
samples and support. EPA's monitoring
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Air
methodologies for source air pollutants will
include evaluation, methods improvement,
preparation of operating guidance and manuals
for developed and commercial monitoring
instruments. A major effort will be conducted to
evaluate methods for PM10 monitors. Quality
assurance for the source monitoring program is
essential to ensuring that only data of known
accuracy and precision are used for regulatory and
enforcement decisions. Reference samples will be
provided and audits of laboratories making source
measurements will be continued.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
AREAL/RTP John Clements
EMSL/LV James McElroy
AREAL/RTP Gary Foley
(CFT)
OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)
2,714.0
587.7
7,924.3
0
Percent
In-House
68
53
30
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
New Source Performance Standards and
State Implementation Plans
Research in this program supports the
development of New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) and State Implementation
Plans by aiding in the development of pollutant
control technology which is cost-effective and
energy-efficient. The focus of the research is on the
reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds, NOX,
SOX emissions.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are a
major cause of non-attainment of photochemical
oxidant National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Extramural research will evaluate VOC
abatement technology such a,s adsorption, thermal
oxidation, and catalytic oxidation. Of particular
interest will be effective and affordable control
methods for small VOC-emitting industries.
Combustion modification methods of
controlling NOX and other emissions will be
evaluated to determine combustion modification
(CM) methods for reducing NOX emissions and
improving the performance of utility and
industrial boilers. Prior research has proven the
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Air
CM methods can be effective for control of NOx as
well as other emissions, if each method is tailored
to the characteristics of the specific combustion
equipment (e.g., stoker or package boilers, coal or
oil burners, and internal combustion engines or
gas turbines). Research will evaluate an in-
furnace NOX reduction technique called reburning
which involves injection of fuel downstream of the
primary combustion zone. In-house reburning
experiments on pilot-scale combustors will be
continued and field test projects in a full-scale
coal-fired utility boiler will be started. In-house
tests of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems
for internal combustion engines will be completed.
Existing technology to control gaseous
pollutants is expensive. For new utility sources,
approximately 30% of boiler costs are attributable
to air pollution control. Design and performance
data for low cost, high-reliability emission
reduction technology are needed to support the
Agency's regulatory functions. Technical support
to regulated entities will.be provided by
conducting assessments and fundamental
research on technologiesffor reduction of stack
emissions of sulfur dioxide (SC>2).
SOX emissions reduction technology research
includes: In-house pilot efforts will emphasize
evaluation of low cost, more active sorbents and
additives for spray drying and other dry scrubbing
systems. A joint EPA/Electric Power Research
Institute symposium on SOX emissions reduction
via flue gas cleanup will be planned.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Jim Abbott 1,760.5 54
Everett Plyer
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 100 90
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Scientific EPA's indoor air program is geared toward
Assessment identification, characterization, and ranking of
indoor air problems and assessment and
implementation of appropriate mitigation
strategies. EPA's research and analytical
16
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Air
activities will pursue both source-specific and
generic approaches to indoor air pollution. From a
source-specific standpoint, the Agency will
identify high-risk pollutant sources and
characterize the exposures and health risks of
various populations to those sources. At the same
time the Agency will also pursue broad, cross-
cutting strategies aimed at assessing the total
exposure of people to indoor air pollutants and
developing the mitigation strategies that can
address multiple pollutants simultaneously
through improved building design and
management techniques.
Activities in FY90 in the area of scientific
assessment will include development of an
exposure assessment risk characterization
framework, updating and revising the Indoor Air
Pollution Information Assessment and the Indoor
Air Reference Data Base, determining the extent
of population exposure to indoor air pollutants,
and developing biological contaminant
measurement methods.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds (Sk) In-House
ECAO/RTP Michael Berry 424.6 42
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Health Effects The §>°al of the indoor air health effects research
program is to determine whether exposure to
indoor air pollution contributes or leads to adverse
health effects. Indoor air often contains higher
levels of pollutants than outdoor air. Most
individuals spend over 80% of their time indoors.
Sensitive populations, e.g., children and the
elderly, may be at higher risk from exposure to
indoor air pollution. Therefore, the exposure, dose,
and effects from indoor air pollution need to be
factored into the total risk assessment of air
pollution.
A balanced program involving humans,
laboratory animals, and bioassay approaches will
be maintained to better understand the "sick
building syndrome." The approach to study the
17
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Air
effects of indoor air is broad. Genetic bioassay
studies of the combustion products from indoor air
sources, including environmental tobacco smoke
and kerosene heaters, will be conducted in
chambers, test homes, and targeted field studies to
provide a comparative estimate of the potential
cancer risk from various sources. Human clinical
studies of volatile organic compounds will
continue to be conducted in chambers to determine
effects related to the "sick building syndrome."
Field and clinical studies will continue to evaluate
cotinine as a biochemical marker for nicotine.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Ila Cote
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,036.4 6
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
Indoor air research consists of development and
testing of monitoring devices and the design and
implementation of field studies to identify and
quantitate pollutants indoors. This research
supports investigation of pollutant sources,
human exposures and health effects.
Methods development research investigates
monitoring devices for pollution monitoring levels
in homes. Results are used to produce information
regarding proper use (sample locations and sample
times) and performance limitations of these
devices. This research will continue to develop and
test these devices, especially personal monitors, in
other microenvironments (buildings, vehicles,
etc.).
Field studies to investigate spatial and
temporal variations in indoor air quality will be
designed and implemented in conjunction with an
intensive review of data needs. The program will
emphasize research on "sick building" where
elevated levels of pollutants can be observed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP Gerald Akland 669.0 18
OMMSQA/HQ Lance Wallace 0 0
18
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Air
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Indoor Air Pollution Activities
The goal of the Indoor Air Quality program is to
develop information on (1) pollutant emission
rates from major sources, (2) indoor pollutant
levels, including chemical composition/
concentration, resulting from these sources, and
(3) the control of the pollutant levels by source
modification, air cleaning, and/or ventilation.
The information will be used to (a) conduct risk
assessments of indoor pollutants or sources, and
(b) produce public information documents on
source emission testing protocols, emission factors,
and alternatives for controlling indoor air quality.
Source emissions will be evaluated in small and
large test chambers, as well as test houses, to
determine the impact of critical variables (e.g.,
ventilation rate, temperature, humidity,
source/sink interactions) on emission rates and
pollutant levels. The performance and cost
effectiveness of control techniques, both
commercially available and new/innovative, will
be determined. Models will be developed and used
to evaluate the effect of source characteristics,
environmental variables, ventilation parameters,
and air cleaner effectiveness on the levels of indoor
pollutants.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
AEERL/RTP Gene Tucker
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,626.8
150
50
80
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Stratospheric Ozone
The Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory (AEERL) has an pngoing program to
address the implementation of the Montreal
Protocol and the U.S. regulation on ozone
depleting substances. AEERL has been working
with industry to achieve a voluntary standard that
will allow recycling of automotive air-conditioning
refrigerant and to facilitate use of recycling
equipment in repair shops. AEERL intends to
conduct a similar effort with industry on large
stationary refrigeration systems.
19
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Air
In 1990, AEERL with co-funding from the
Electric Power Research Institute will be
determining properties of new chemicals that
might be useful as replacements for the fully
halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
halons. Where successful properties are found,
preliminary testing will be done to ascertain their
applicability to certain end-uses. Results will be
made available to industry for their consideration
in further development of the chemical and/or its
uses.
One of the largest uses of CFCs is in
refrigeration systems. CFCs are used as the
refrigerant and in the insulation of the systems.
Refrigeration systems through their energy use
are also contributors to CC-2 emissions which
affect global warming. EPA is working with
industry and other government agencies to
explore the use of alternative refrigerants using a
different thermal cycle with redesigned hardware
which will also improve energy efficiency. At the
same time, methods of improving the insulation
without use of CFCs is being evaluated.
Halons are important fire extinguishants.
AEERL is working with industry and other
government agencies including the Department of
Defense in a program to determine critical uses of
halons and alternatives to current uses.
Alternatives may involve new chemicals or new
fire protection systems such as redesign of delivery
or containment systems. 1990 should see a better
understanding of the problems and definition of a
program to address them.
Nitrous oxide is also an important chemical in
the balance of stratospheric ozone. In 1989,
AEERL participated in a program to obtain
estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from
anthropogenic fossil fuel combustion sources. This
resulted in discovery of a sampling artifact which
had led to erroneous reporting of nitrous oxide
levels in the past by many researchers. Work is
now being done to improve the sampling
methodology and to utilize the methodology to
determine the true significance of fossil fuel
combustion to nitrous oxide emissions for current
technology and systems under development.
20
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Air
Implementation of the Montreal Protocol may
also require an ability to detect CFCs in products
which are imported to a country and to have an
agreed upon destruction protocol for CFCs for
which a country wishes to obtain credit.
AEERL has been providing a limited effort in
each of these areas in support of international
meetings in preparation for technical assessments
which will be conducted in 1990 under the
Montreal Protocol provisions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP William Rhodes 1,000.0 10
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 0 0
National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES)
Health Effects The third National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES-III) is one of a
series of surveys conducted by the National Center
for Health Statistics (NCHS) for the purpose of
producing vital and health statistics for the
United States. Six NHANES studies have been
completed since 1960. NHANES-III will be
conducted for six years, from 1988-1994. During
this time, approximately 40,000 Americans ages 2
months and over will be randomly selected from
households, interviewed and invited to participate
in medical examinations at mobile examination
centers. Approximately 30,000 individuals will
undergo the medical examination which includes
a physical examination and diagnostic and
biochemical testing. The sample is a statistically
representative sample of Americans with
oversampling of the very yoiing, the elderly,
Blacks and Hispanics.
Some of the topics to be studied in NHANES-III
are nutrition status monitoring, osteoporosis,
arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, gallstone disease, AIDS, kidney disease,
and growth and development of children.
Research and public health goals include the
following: (1) estimating the prevalence of disease
21
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Air
and risk factors; (2) estimating the incidence of
certain diseases; (3) estimating the prevalence of
functional impairment; (4) providing population
reference distributions of health characteristics
including growth and development; (5) monitoring
secular changes in diseases and risk factors; and
(6) identifying new risk factors for disease and
reasons for secular trends in health.
EPA and other Federal agencies have
collaborated with NCHS in previous NHANES
studies and in NHANES-III. EPA has participated
in the planning of NHANES-III and has funded
two specific research areas: neurotoxic disorders
and pulmonary function.
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Susan Perlin
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
560.0
10.7
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Global Change Research
Increased atmospheric concentrations of carbon
dioxide and other radiatively important trace
gases (methane, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, etc.) have raised concerns
about potential climate change among the general
public and members of the scientific community.
Additionally, concerns about decreasing
stratospheric ozone have emerged. Scientific
information on global change, including both
climate change and stratospheric ozone influences,
is required to assist decision makers in developing
sound policies. However, much uncertainty exists
about how these global changes derive from or
may impact specific geographic regions, ecological
systems, and human activities.
Emissions of greenhouse gases have been
increasing, so clearly, understanding of sources
and sinks must be improved, to evaluate the
relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural
sources of these gases. In addition, chemical
transformations that occur in the troposphere and
stratosphere, and which help determine the net
radiative forcing that results in the green house
22
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Air
effect, will be studied. Development of a second-
generation carbon emissions model is also
currently ongoing. This research, in close
conjunction with the Department of Energy, will
develop a global model capable of handling
emissions scenarios with more sophistication than
is currently available, allowing more realistic
assessment of the consequences of making specific
changes in emissions rates.
Ecological effects are important potential
consequences of climate change. Research into
these potential effects is ongoing, with a focus on
the relation between climatic conditions and
boundaries between major ecosystems, such as
between forests and grasslands. When completed,
this research should provide insight for resource
managers into the magnitude of latitudinal and
longitudinal shifts of major ecosystems that might
be associated with specific climatic changes.
Another important research effort is the
investigation of effects of decreasing stratospheric
ozone that allows increased ultraviolet flux (UV-
B) at the earth's surface. Research conducted
under the Agency's stratospheric ozone depletion
program will continue in terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems, human health, and emissions and
mitigative solutions. Studies of the effects of UV-B
radiation on terrestrial ecosystems will continue
with an emphasis on determining the relationship
between UV-B dose and other anthropogenic
factors such as global climate change. Research
will also continue on UV-B effects on the marine
food web and biogeochemical cycling. Further
evaluation will be made of alternate compounds to
CFCs and halons, and in technologies to replace
those used for such purposes as refrigeration,
insulation, and fire extinguishment. Research will
continue on developing ways to reduce emissions
of chemicals that contribute to stratospheric ozone
depletion, including CFCs, halons, and nitrous
oxide, and to transfer technology within the U.S.
and to developing nations. Support for
determining the effect or need for modification of
the Montreal Protocol will continue, in
cooperation with other nations.
While research on potential causes and
consequences of global change is important,
23
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Air
research on possible options for adapting to or
mitigating change is also important.
Opportunities exist for technological advances,
such as intensive reforestation, or energy
efficiency and conservation, and these should be
explored, particularly if they have additional
environmental benefits. The potential for reducing
emissions will be a major focus of ORD effort.
These technologies include both biological
approaches, such as reforestation, and industry-
related analyses, ^such as increased energy
efficiency.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OEPER/HQ
AREAL/RTP
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/NARR
Anthony C. Janetos
Robert C. Worresi
Peter L. Finkelstein
Richard D. Stern
Richard G. Zepp
Peter A. Beedlow
John G. Eaton
Henry A. Walker
Total
Funds ($k)
19,647
Percent
In-House
13
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Global Climate Change
As a result of increased national and international
concern regarding potential significant changes in
global climate, OEETD has expanded its program
in this area. The expanded global emissions and
control program, which is integrated with the
OEPER program, consists of three major elements:
Emissions, Models, and Mitigation. Emissions
research includes development of global and
regional emission factors, activities, and functions
for anthropogenic and biogeogenic sources, to
prepare accurate current emissions inventories of
radiatively important trace gases. Modeling
activities include development of models to
generate future global emission estimates and to
predict the impact of potential policy and
mitigation strategies on these global emissions.
Mitigation activities include assessment of
emissions management techniques and their ,
applicability to industrialized and developing .
countries, and selected development and
demonstration of promising techniques to
24
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Air
accelerate their commercialization and
application to reduce emissions of radiatively
important trace gases.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Richard Stern 2,000.00 10
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 0 0
Health Effects Institute
Health Effects A. significant part of the health effects research on
mobile source emissions is conducted through the
Congressionally mandated Health Effects
Institute (HEI). HEI is jointly sponsored by EPA,
through extramural funding, and the automobile
industry to perform research on the health effects
of pollutants related to mobile sources.
The research focuses on various mobile source-
related pollutants, including carbon monoxide,
oxidants (ozone and nitrogen dioxide), diesel
exhaust and alternative fuels such as methanol.
Important areas of health research conducted by
HEI include: development and use of biological
markers; identification and characterization of
susceptible populations; determination of dose to
target tissue; assessment of susceptibility to
infection; examination of mechanisms of injury
and/or disease; and evaluation of
neurotoxicological and behavioral effects.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ Susan Perlin 3,000.0 0
25
-------
Drinking Water
Health Effects
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
This research program provides dose-response
data on organic and inorganic contaminants found
in drinking water. In addition, toxicological
methods are developed and validated for the
purpose of improving the relevance of toxicological
data to regulatory issues and to improve the risk
characterization process.
Increasing emphasis will be on determining the
health effects of exposure to disinfectants and
their by-products. Research will focus on
determining the health effects resulting from
exposure to alternative disinfectants (e.g., ozone,
chloramine) and their by-products. Work will be
done to improve methods for extrapolating health
effects research data in order to assess the risks
associated with simultaneous exposure to multiple
chemicals in binary and complex mixtures.
Epidemiology studies on the relationship between
disinfectants and cancer cardiovascular disease,
and reproductive effects will be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Jack Fowle
David Kleffman
6,640.6
48
Scientific
Assessment
Health Effects of Drinking Water
Contaminants
Revision of national drinking water regulations
and health advisory guidance given to the States
requires an assessment of the potential hazard to
human health from exposure to chemicals in
drinking water. The health assessment documents
prepared under this program take the form of both
criteria documents and health advisories. These
documents are assessments of the health effects of
exposure to contaminants in drinking water. They
specifically evaluate the relevant scientific data
describing the physical and chemical properties,
the pharmacokinetics, the health effects in
animals and humans, and the mechanisms of
toxicity. The health assessments are prepared for
26
-------
Drinking Water
various chemicals as requested by EPA's Office of
Drinking Water (ODW). This risk assessment
process enables ODW to establish a Maximum
Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG), representing a
level designed to preclude the risk of an adverse
effect on human health.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 785
58
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Groundwater Research
Geophysical research will be conducted for
mapping and monitoring fluid movement from
injection wells; for detecting near-surface
contamination from abandoned wells and
movement along fracture zones; and, for the
evaluation of seismic hazards associated with the
underground injection process. In support of EPA's
Wellhead Protection Program, guidance on
monitoring strategies for Wellhead Protection
Areas will be prepared and case studies for
monitoring system design will be developed.
Additional research will involve the
quantification of the spatial characteristics of
pollutants in drinking water and the application of
modeling techniques to assist in groundwater
quality sampling decisions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 973.5 35
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint 0 0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ground Water
Ground water is a major source of drinking water
for the nation. This research program provides
both technical information and improved methods
for predicting contamination movement and
transformation. The research focuses on methods
development for and studies of subsurface
transport and fate processes such as biological
transformation, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis,
27
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Drinking Water
and ion exchange. Facilitated transport research
will address complex mixture processes such as
multiphase transport and solvent composition
effects on sorption. In addition, micelle- and
DOC/colloid-aided transport will be addressed.
The results of the research will allow better
human exposure assessments from ground-water
contamination. This research is closely
coordinated with that in Hazardous Waste,
Superfund, and Pesticides.
Research to determine the cost-effectiveness of
in-situ aquifer restoration techniques will
potentially lead to cleanup where previously the
cost was prohibitive. Promising laboratory
techniques will be evaluated on actual
contamination incidents.
Field evaluation of techniques for determining
the mechanical integrity and adequacy of
construction of injection wells will occur. Work to
develop technological alternatives for regulating
Class V wells will continue.
Methods will be developed for risk assessments
in wellhead protection areas, and technical
transfer activities associated with this and other
programs will be emphasized.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RSKERL/ADA James McNabb 4,779.7 29
OEPER/HQ Barbara Levinson 493.4 66
ERL/ATH LeeMulkey 338.6 20
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Drinking Water Technology
To support revision of the national drinking-water
standards, this program provides data on the
technologies available, what they can attain in
terms of drinking-water quality, and what they
cost. Focus is on the removal of synthetic organic
compounds, organics responsible for the formation
for disinfection by-products with emphasis on
ozone, inorganic and microbiological
contaminants, drinking-water residuals, and on
problems related to maintaining water quality in
distribution systems including corrosion and
28
-------
Drinking Water
assimilable organic carbon (AOC) studies.
Emphasis will be on developing cost information
for treatment processes and for entire water
systems. Evaluation will also be made of the
tradeoffs in planning for rehabilitation of older
water systems. In addition, efforts will be made to
address the problems of small utilities and to
assist the states and municipalities in complying
with maximum contaminant levels.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/Cin Robert Clark
OEETD/HQ Bill McCarthy
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
5,400
0
63
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Drinking Water Technology
This program will provide support for the Agency-
wide mandatory quality assurance program. The
ten regional laboratories will be evaluated
annually in support of the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations monitoring
certification program. This program will also
conduct methods development research and
provide analytical procedures to produce precise
and accurate total measurement systems for
chemical, radiochemical and microbiological
analysis, and will investigate the application of
innovative technologies to the analysis of drinking
water contaminants. It will provide technically
and economically feasible analytical procedures to
monitor contaminants for use by the Agency,
States, municipalities, and operators of public
drinking water systems.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,765.1
308.7
0
60
95
0
29
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Water Quality
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Water Quality Based Approach!Permitting
The monitoring research program develops
chemical, physical, and biological methods for
measuring site-specific and ambient water
pollutant concentrations.
Research emphasizes new measurement
method standardization and development of
quality assurance support such as guidelines,
calibration materials, and performance audits.
Additionally, research seeks to extend the
sensitivity of chemical methods for measuring
toxic chemicals in water. Research on biological
monitoring methods also includes developing
methods which screen toxic concentrations of
pollutants in ambient waters, rather than
identifying specific substances. Quality assurance
procedures for chronic and acute toxicological
effects monitoring, standardization of microbial,
viral sampling, and analysis methods are
provided. Virus sample preservation and assay
protocols will be standardized. Research on
physical measurement methods concentrates on
documenting the validity and accuracy of
sampling and analysis regimes. The quality
assurance program which provides quality control
calibration materials and procedures for
standardization of chemical and biological
analysis also conducts two audits of analytical
methods performance yearly.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Cornelius Weber
James Lichtenberg
John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
1,921.3
95
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
A water quality-based approach to pollution
control provides for correction of ambient water
quality problems that remain after mandated
pollution control technology (e.g., secondary
treatment, effluent guidelines) is in place. This
requires the ability to translate water quality
30
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Water Quality
standards into specific effluent conditions and
discharge limitations for municipalities and
industries. Research will be undertaken to provide
the necessary information and scientific tools,
including: water quality criteria development/
modification protocols; contaminated sediment
assessment techniques; wasteload allocation
techniques: and complex effluent testing
procedures. Research on the water quality
functions of wetlands, and cumulative effects of
wetlands loss and the impacts of mitigation of
wetlands will also be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/NARR
OEPER/HQ
Contact
Robert Swank
Tom Murphy
Nelson Thomas
Norbert Jaworski
Chieh Wu
Total
Funds ($k)
880.0
696
2,972.7
1,570
1,129.5
Percent
In-House
82
83
81
74
31
Scientific
Assessment
Water Quality Based Approach/Permitting
EPA's overall research program with regard to
water quality emphasizes development of the
scientific and technical base to help States develop
site-specific standards and to conduct use-
attainability analyses. The scientific assessment
program will provide guidance for assessing the
risk of human exposure to mixtures of toxic
chemicals, and evaluate site-specific health
hazards as required by the States and EPA. As a
part of this effort, EPA develops documentation for
the specific risk assessments.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 255
Percent
In-House
68
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Technology
Research will support the Agency in the
implementation of technology-based effluent
limitation regulations and the modification of
enforcement activities as required by water
quality-based permit adjustments. Methods
standardization research will be directed to the
31
-------
Water Quality
improvement of precision, accuracy, and method
detection limit of existing regulated inorganic and
organic contaminants. Research will also validate
and correct analytical methods for the analysis of
high priority industrial wastewater components as
well as evaluate alternative analytical methods to
support the National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) program.
Quality assurance activities include
conducting both the target survey and full audit of
some 7,000 major NPDES permitees for the
annual Discharge Monitoring Report Quality
Assurance (DMRQA) study; maintenance of a
repository for distribution of calibration, quality
control, and performance evaluation samples; and
the conduct of performance evaluation studies.
The research program will support NPDES
quality assurance by providing quality control
samples and protocols and by maintaining the
standards repository, including auditing
monitoring systems data reliability, DMRQA, and
documentation of precision and accuracy.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN James Lichtenberg
John Winter
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint
813.6
0
98
0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The wastewater technology research program
provides the technical information and
engineering assistance needed to develop and
implement the regulations and guidance for
disposal of sludge and control of pollution from
municipal treatment plants to bring plants into
compliance with state discharge permits. This
program also provides the research in industrial
wastewater characterization and control
technology needed to support the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. The
program focuses on toxicity reduction evaluations
to support the development of water quality-based
permit limitations in municipal wastewaters, and
best conventional technology and best available
32
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Water Quality
technology limitations in industrial wastewaters.
Design, cost and performance information for
sludge stabilization, pathogen reduction, and
dewatering processes will be proved to support
sludge regulation implementation and
refinement. Focus is also on supporting the new
wastewater treatment technologies development
and infrastructure protection.
Office or
Laboratory
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
Contact
Clyde Dial
Don Tang
Total
Funds ($k)
5,777.0
0.0
Percent
In-House
40
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
This research will identify and determine
distribution of unlisted chemicals in industrial
wastewaters. Compounds that can be identified by
empirical mass spectra matching as well as those
that elude identification by this technique will be
included. This research will also study the
biological functions of constructed wetlands in the
treatment of wastewater from small community
and;acid mine drainage.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH William Donaldson
ERL/COR Larry Kapustka
ERL/DUL William Sanville
OEPER/HQ ChiehWu
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
303.1
85.0
90.0
0
100
0
0
0
Health Effects
Wastewater Treatment Technology
Health effects research focuses on human health
aspects of municipal wastewater and sludge
disposal. The data from these studies are used by
the Agency for formulation of regulations,
permits, and guidelines under the Clean Water
Act. One emphasis, at present, is on land use and
disposal of municipal sludges which requires
careful assessment of the effects on human health
of exposure to pollutants contained in the sludges.
33
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Water Quality
Research will focus on developing and validating a
battery of short-term tests for predicting the
potential health effects from exposure to complex
mixtures in wastewaters and sludge.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/CIN
OHR/HQ
Jack Fowle
David Kleffman
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
496.3
100
Scientific
Assessment
Wastewater Treatment Technology
The scientific assessment program provides risk
assessment methodologies for chemicals and
pathogens in support of regulatory decision
making on the use and disposal of municipal
sludge. Numerical criteria and/or management
practices for pollutants in sludge are developed
based on the risk assessment methodologies. The
use and disposal options are landfilling, land
application (including distribution and
marketing), incineration, ocean disposal, and
surface impoundment.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 367
25
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
This program has three components: ocean
disposal, coastal waters, and Great Lakes.
To support ocean disposal permit decisions,
there is a need to provide decision makers with
rationale and procedures which are scientifically
sound. These should provide guidance for the
acquisition of information and the interpretation
of this information in order to support ocean
disposal permit decisions. Under the ocean
disposal research program, emphasis will be given
to the development and testing of procedures to
better evaluate the impacts of ocean disposal i
actions; development of procedures to satisfy
monitoring needs for permit, surveillance, and
34
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Water Quality
hazard assessment application; and development
of procedures for predicting the bioaccumulation of
contaminants and evaluation of the significance of
bioaccumulation processes, resultant tissue
residues and biological effects.
Methods for better source control decisions in
the NPDES and construction grants program are
needed for estuaries and near coastal waters.
Emphasis will be given to the development/testing
of biomarker assessment methods, development of
wasteload allocation models for estuaries, studies
of ecosystem recovery, and eutrophication.
The Great Lakes research program will
measure, describe and predict the distribution,
movement, fate, and effects of toxic substances in
nearshore "areas of concern" identified by the
US/Canada Water Quality Agreement. Emphasis
will be given to problems involving in-place
pollutants and mass balance modeling. This
program will also provide the International Joint
Commission (IJC), the Great Lakes National
Program Office (GLNPO), EPA Regions and Great
Lakes states with technical support and research
data synthesis related to activities under the
US/Canada Water Quality Agreement.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/NARR
ER17GB
ERL/DUL
OEPER/HQ
Norbert Jaworski
Rod Parish
Oilman Veith
Sam Williams
4,088
122.9
1,807.0
433.8
70
100
25
60
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Marine, Estuaries, and Lakes
The aim of this program is to develop, evaluate,
and validate standardized chemical, biological and
microbiological methods for the analysis of
contaminants in marine, estuarine and other salt
water matrices. The near-coastal areas of the U.S.
are economically some of our richest and most
sensitive ecosystems. Standardized methods are
needed by the Regions for the National Estuaries
Program and other activities.
Currently, EPA does not have standardized
methods and reference materials for monitoring
35
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Water Quality
and regulation of chemical constituents and
pollutants in marine and estuarine waters and
sediments.
Available methods will be reviewed for
applicability in marine and estuarine
environments and revised as necessary. Methods
not applicable will be modified or new methods
development initiated, AS needed, using state-of-
the-art technology. On-going methods
development activities and plans for new methods
research will be reviewed and modified, if
appropriate, to include marine and estuarine
methods. Research will be conducted to determine
the applicability of existing nutrient, metal, trace
elements, and biological materials for use as
quality control and performance evaluation
samples. Application of these quality assurance
materials to marine and estuarine waters will be
coordinated with the Regions and the ORD Office
of Environmental Processes and Effects' marine
laboratory.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN Thomas Clark 790.9 60
OMMSQA/HQ Chris Saint 0 0
36
-------
Hazardous Waste
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Alternate Technologies
The Treatment program examines both existing
and emerging alternative techniques for treating
or detoxifying hazardous materials. Emphasis
continues to be placed on those waste streams
which will be banned from land disposal facilities.
Research and demonstration of existing and
emerging technologies will be conducted for those
waste streams assigned high priority by OSWER,
waste streams which are difficult to cost-
effectively treat by available technology and waste
with high potential for hazardous air emissions.
Emphasis will be on characterization and pilot-
scale testing of newly listed hazardous waste
streams. Assistance in the review of permits for
alternative technologies in the technical
assistance and project monitoring for such projects
will be provided.
A major portion of the research is now devoted
to reducing the production of pollutants at their
source. Major investigation will be conducted to
define assessment techniques to measure the
reduction in quantities of pollutants produced and
to identify potential areas for pollutant reduction.
Evaluation of technologies for reducing the
pollutants discharged will be conducted.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
J. Convery
C. Rogers
H. Freeman
K.Jakobson
7,951.9
500
20
33
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Incineration
Incineration research focuses on four areas:
characterizing performance of existing thermal
technologies; developing methods of rapid cost-
effective compliance monitoring of these facilities;
characterizing the products of incomplete
combustion and their formation conditions; and
developing methods to predict performance to
avoid process failure and control process
reliability. The research is conducted at laboratory
37
-------
Hazardous Waste
and pilot-scale facilities in Cincinnati, Research
Triangle Park, and Jefferson, Arkansas. The
hypotheses from this program are verified in full-
scale field tests. The program examines
conventional incineration as well as high
temperature industrial processes.
Research on the incineration of municipal
waste will also be conducted to determine the
effectiveness of the process in destroying the
hazardous components of the waste and to
determine the characteristics of the ash produced.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/CIN C.Dempsey 3,087.9 33
AEERL/RTP R.Hall 400 100
OEETD/HQ K.Jakobson 200.0 100
Incineration
Health Effects Research on the potential carcinogenic and non-
carcinogenic health effects of emissions and
residues from hazardous waste incineration (HWI)
and municipal waste combustion (MWC) will focus
on the following objectives: Perform a comparative
assessment of the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of the products of incomplete
combustion (PICs) from HWI in comparison to
MWC and other industrial and residential
combustion sources. Identify the principal
mutagenic/carcinogenic chemicals in HWI and
MWC emissions by using bioassay-directed
chemical characterization. Determine the
relationship between exposure, tissue dose and
target cell (DNA) dosimetry for the purpose of
providing data needed for risk assessment.
Support the evaluation of engineering and control
technology parameters by using short-term
bioassays in the evaluation of these parameters to
determine operational conditions which will
minimize risk. Provide a comparative assessment
of waste disposal alternatives. Evaluate the
toxicity of HWI and MWC emissions, collected
after dilution, in in vivo target cell bioassays and <
short-term in vivo assays. Evaluate the
bioavailability of metals from soil ingestion.
38
-------
Hazardous Waste
Office or
Laboratory
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Contact
Joellen Lewtas
Thomas Miller
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,480.2 44
Scientific
Assessment
Incineration
A comprehensive risk assessment methodology for
municipal waste incineration is being developed in
this program to include the appropriate methods
for assessing the risks resulting from the use of
municipal waste incineration as well as assessing
the risks remaining after the waste has been
burned.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Cynthia Sonich-Mullin 398
25
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Land Disposal
With regard to land disposal, synthetic and clay
liners will be studied and the effectiveness of
alternative closure and monitoring procedures for
surface impoundments will be investigated.
Technical Resource Documents will be updated for
use by regional and state agencies for permitting
hazardous waste disposal facilities and for
enforcing applicable regulations. This program
will update documents for disposal facility design,
operation, maintenance, and closure.
Research is also being conducted to characterize
air emissions from hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities and to assess
methods to control them.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
N. Schomaker
K. Jakobson
Total
Funds ($k)
2,377.0
100
Percent
In-House
31
100
39
-------
Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Quality Assurance
To ensure that the data on which regulations and
enforcement are based are accurate, quality
control (QC) samples will be provided to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories conducting
RCRA monitoring. Calibration standards will also
be provided for Appendix IX compounds to EPA
contractor, state, and local laboratories. Natural
matrix, liquid and solid performance evaluation
samples will be developed and distributed to
RCRA contractors, EPA, and state laboratories
conducting RCRA hazardous waste analyses.
Performance evaluation (PE) materials that
contain the pollutants of interest at the levels
encountered in the environment will be developed.
Statistical data on the laboratory evaluations will
be reported to the Office of Solid Waste. Referee
laboratory analyses on all RCRA samples will be
conducted. Traceability to National Institute for
Standards and Technology for PE, QC, and method
validation study samples prepared for RCRA
monitoring activities will be provided.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter 708.8 11
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 752.4 25
AREAL/RTP William Mitchell 207.9 27
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Releases
In order to determine whether underground
storage tanks (UST) containing hazardous wastes
are leaking, an evaluation of basic leak detection
monitoring methods for outside an UST will be
conducted. This will include: the establishment of
candidate performance criteria for several classes
of monitoring techniques; the development of a
test protocol for determination of the performance
criteria; and testing of the "most promising" leak
detection methods to validate the test procedure
and to establish that instrumentation presently
exists which can meet the candidate performance
criteria.
40
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Hazardous Waste
Network design for the placement of leak
detection devices will focus on the excavation zone
around tanks with emphasis on vapor monitoring.
However, monitoring in the saturated zone and in
native soils will also be considered.
Field measurements will be conducted and
existing private and local/state experiences with
leak detection will be investigated. Technical
guidance will use a panel of experts to develop a
"decision tree" approach to provide guidance for
the many and varied sites throughout the country.
New technologies for leak detection monitoring,
such as fiber optics and geochemical sensors, will
be evaluated.
The Clean Water Act (Section 311) mandates
that Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure plans be prepared for all
facilities engaged in the production, storage,
processing, and distribution of hazardous
materials. EPA regional offices are responsible for
ensuring compliance.
The OMMSQA provides remote sensing
techniques for monitoring. Support will be
provided to the Regions for the development and
revision of monitoring techniques.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 1,135.5 23
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
E n vironmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Releases
Underground storage tank (UST) research is
evaluating prevention, detection, and corrective
action technologies to identify cost-effective,
reliable techniques and equipment for USTs.
Early work is producing state-of-the-art
documents for each type of technology. The
primary focus of ongoing work is the evaluation of
leak detection technologies at a test apparatus in
Edison, NJ, and the targeting of high potential
technologies for improved performance. Best
engineering practices for leak prevention, the
detection of leaks, and site cleanup will be
documented.
41
-------
Hazardous Waste
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN
OEETD/HQ
J. Farlow
R. Nalesnick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,787.9
200.0
20
50
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Releases
Within this activity, research is conducted to
address evaluation of cleanup techniques for
unplanned releases of hazardous wastes, i.e., the
determination of the applicability and cost-
effectiveness ofin-situ reclamation techniques for
unsaturated-zone and ground-water
contamination resulting from leaking
underground storage tanks and other hazardous
waste sources.
At RSKERL/Ada, coordinated laboratory and
field tests of biological, physical, and chemical
methods, previously tried at hazardous waste
sites, are being conducted to determine their cost
and applicability to cleanup of pollutants from
leaking underground storage tanks.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
80.8
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Modeling and Monitoring Releases
The purpose of the program is to develop and
evaluate pollution plume models and process
monitoring techniques that assist State and local
governments, planning committees, industry and
private citizens assess and respond to risks posed
by hazardous substance releases. The Agency now
requires reporting of all releases into the
environment. The regulated community, as well
as state and local governments, require tools for
accurately reporting releases and predicting their
paths. Advances in the state-of-the-art for
dispersion modeling will be undertaken in order to
develop more realistic treatment of atmospheric
releases. A rigorous, standardized, statistically
meaningful methodology for model evaluation is
42
-------
Hazardous Waste
required to validate the accuracy of new models.
Capabilities will be developed to monitor the air
space around known suspected sites of volatile
organic compound releases.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
AREAL/RTP William McClenney
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
90.0
0
Percent
In-House
0
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Waste Characterization
Regulation of hazardous wastes in the most cost-
effective manner requires methods and data for
predicting toxicity of waste materials and
evaluating the concentrations of these materials
at some point of exposure, and then integrating
these methods for different media into single
evaluation techniques which incorporate
uncertainty into the predictions.
ERL/Duluth is developing procedures and data
to evaluate waste characteristics and closure
criteria for impacts on aquatic habitats and
lifeforms. Batteries of toxicity tests, protocols for
identifying which components in a mixture
actually cause toxic responses, and predictive
effects models for single waste constituents are
being developed.
Providing field-evaluated methods and data to
predict the concentrations of hazardous chemicals
in the subsurface environment from the
treatment, storage, or disposal of wastes is the
thrust of the program at RSKERL/Ada. Physical,
chemical, and biological processes that govern the
transport rate, transformation, and fate of wastes
are evaluated and their mechanisms are described
in mathematical models. These, in turn, are
evaluated through field experiments.
Integrated, multimedia mathematical models
and data are being developed by ERL/Athens for
implementing land disposal decisions and
evaluating waste management and treatment
needs based on potential human health and
environmental impacts. Probabilistic techniques
are developed and used to address uncertainty.
43
-------
Hazardous Waste
The various media models are coupled to produce
both screening-level and more site-specific
multimedia exposure assessment packages.
ERL/Corvallis is evaluating the biological
hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
and sediments and is determining the
bioavailability (including uptake, translocation,
and metabolism) of hazardous chemicals by plants
and animals. Multimedia protocols are being
tested and field ,-alidated in various
environmental settings at waste and spill sites.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/DUL Philip M. Cook 594.7 100
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb 2,432.7 54.8
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 3,197.6 29.6
ERL/COR Lawrence Kapustka 214.7 53.4
OEPER/HQ WillC.LaVeille 924.7 32.6
Waste Characterization
Scientific This program provides chemical-specific health
Assessment anc^ environmental effects documents to support
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
3001 listing decisions. Support is also provided to
the land disposal restruction program in the form
of reference dose documentation. The permitting
effort of the Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Facility (TSDF), Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response (OSWER), is supported by
providing technical evaluations and assessments
of specific issues that arise in that process. Efforts
to refine risk assessment methods and provide risk
assessment tools related to hazardous waste are
also conducted in this program.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ECAO/CIN Christopher DeRosa 2,302 43
44
-------
Hazardous Waste
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Waste Identification
To improve procedures to characterize wastes for
listing under RCRA, research will be conducted to
develop methods for characterizing and detecting
particular wastes and providing criteria for
determining if those wastes constitute a potential
hazard. The lack of standardized methods
emphasizes the immediate need for a
comprehensive program to assure that data of
known quality are being collected. Methods will be
tested for application to highly toxic wastes in soil
and sediments, for detection of organics in the
ambient air of waste disposal facilities, and for
determining the reactions of wastes in all media.
A validation of the analytical methods contained
in the SW-846 document is being conducted.
Techniques for field monitoring of waste sites
will be improved, including statistics for sampling
design and evaluated standard methods. RCRA
and disposal regulations require the
establishment of a groundwater monitoring
program at most facilities, including detection and
compliance of saturated and vadose zone
monitoring. Of particular importance is
subsurface monitoring of sites and investigation of
new techniques for monitoring soils, and biota,
ambient air, and waste incineration emissions.
Methods will be developed to detect trace metals in
groundwater, ambient water, and sludges.
Efforts will be directed toward validating waste
incinerator test methods for principal organic
hazardous constituents from waste incinerator
stacks. Validated methods for continuous
monitoring of carbon monoxide and hydrochloric
acid emissions from incinerators will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN William Budde 914.6 45
EMSL/LV Robert Snelling 5,742.4 30
AREAL/RTP John Clements 566.6 17
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
45
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology
The biotechnology research effort is concerned
with interactions between microorganisms and
ecological processes in an attempt to develop
comprehensive knowledge of the biochemical,
physiological, and genetic mechanisms involved.
The program will examine the potential
environmental risk associated with the
application of genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs).
Assessment of environmental impacts of GEMs
requires reliable methodologies for their
identification and enumeration in environmental
samples. The methods must address the analytical
and operative criteria required for any monitoring
program. They must be sensitive and specific to
differentiate GEMs from the background of
indigenous organisms. They have to be feasible,
accurate, reproducible, and widely applicable
since samples will differ greatly from one another,
such as leaf surfaces and freshwater reservoirs.
Contained aquatic and terrestrial laboratory
systems (microcosms) are used to assess the fate of
GEMs in various ecosystems. The fate of microbes
in microcosms is compared with fate in natural
systems to assess the validity of laboratory data.
Research in this area applies techniques of
molecular and classical genetics to ecological
studies to assess survival and growth of novel
microorganisms. Questions of specific niche
requirements, selective advantages of new
genotypes, and potential for causing harmful
effects to populations, ecosystems, or processes
will be examined. The research also addresses
genetic stability of altered microorganisms,
including transmissibility of plasmids and other
genetic information in situ. All extramural monies
will be expended by the laboratories subsequent to
final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/GB Raymond G.Wilhour 889.3 27
ERL/COR Thomas Murphy 222.2 100
OEPER/HQ Sam Williams 2,782.2 0
46
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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
BiotechnologyIMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research program plan addresses the three
primary engineering-oriented research concerns
posed by the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in
its implementation of the Premanufacturing
Notice (PMN) process of the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA):
• mechanisms of accidental or deliberate release
of the modified genome or organism from the
site of production (e.g., in effluents);
• availability and effectiveness of containment
controls or destruction techniques; and
• worker exposure, particularly due to aerosols.
In order to satisfy these concerns, the program
is divided into two programs. The first addresses
biologically based manufacturing processes, the
second addresses deliberate application to a
specific environmental area in a remedial action to
destroy or detoxify another pollutant present in
that environment.
Data bases are being developed for assisting
with the PMN review under the first sub-program.
These will permit assessment of the occurrence,
magnitude, and degree of risk management
applicable to deliberate and accidental release
from biologically based manufacturing processes.
Models are being developed along with an
information base which OTS will use as a guide for
identification of potential hazards and
implementation of safeguards for reduction of risk
to acceptable levels.
Because genetically engineered
microorganisms (OEMs) have already been
developed for applications requiring deliberate
release into the environment, the second
subprogram addresses the development of
procedures for assessing the safety aspects of the
engineering techniques for introducing these
microorganisms into the environment.
Information being developed will allow an
assessment of the risk of migration from the site
47
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
and of the management techniques to prevent or
minimize this migration.
A number of application techniques will be
addressed using scenarios appropriate to the
environment likely to be encountered, (e.g.,
farmland). Applications considered for evaluation
include: agricultural formulations; pollutant
clean-up and control (spills, landfills,
contaminated sediments, oil spills); tertiary oil
recovery; in-situ mineral recovery (metals
leaching, oil shale).
The engineering assessment protocols for
release and exposure are being structured to
account for several sets or combinations of various
biological properties, or subsets, and appropriate
applications involving deliberate environmental
release. Further effort is being devoted to
identifying specific data (chemical, physical, and
biological) that will be required as inputs to the
engineering risk-assessment protocol so that data
can specifically be developed and submitted as
part of the PMN review procedures.
Finally, from advance sampling studies on
decontamination technology, experimental
procedures on kill-tank efficiency, to ensure 100%
kill are being developed. Evaluation of
containment approaches will be completed.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin
OEETD/HQ
John Burckle
Bill McCarthy
520
0
15
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This research evaluates and standardizes
monitoring methodology to identify and quantify
release of genetically engineered microorganisms
or biotechnology products into the environment.
Standardized procedures are developed into ,-
guidelines for routine monitoring applications to
assess either human exposure or environmental
impact of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms
(GEMS) release.
48
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 262.0 24
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0.0 0
Health Effects
Biotechnology IMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
Biotechnology research is aimed at the
development of methods to evaluate the potential
health hazards of genetically engineered
organisms and the products of these
microorganisms. Potential mechanisms of action
and screening methods for adverse mechanisms
are being investigated. Models are being
developed to assess the potential dispersal
capability of genetically engineered genes.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
487.4
32.5
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
Environmental risk assessment studies on the
linkage of environmental exposure and
ecotoxicology hazard assessment techniques, and
development of methods to evaluate risks
continues. The goal is to be able to predict toxic
risk to varied ecosystems and components within
acceptable limits of uncertainty.
The ecotoxicology studies include the
movement, transformation and ultimate
disposition of toxic substances in all
environmental media as a critical component of
risk assessment. How plants and animals or
ecosystems are affected by toxic substances are
also the subjects of this research effort. Research
goals include the identification of important
endpoints and development of mathematical
modeling techniques (population; transport) to
integrate data and depict risk. Input data will
include such results as lab to field comparative
49
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
responses, measurements of ecosystem resistance
and resilience, population changes (mortality;
feeding behavior), biota uptake and system
recovery. The validated predictive tools and the
results will be used in regulatory decision-making
and as a guide to formulating regulatory criteria
and standards. All extramural monies will be
expended by participating laboratories subsequent
to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
ERL/NARR
Contact
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Gilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Sam Williams
Norbert Jaworski
Total
Funds ($k)
345.8
72.3
113.7
0.0
986.0
13.3
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
0
0
100
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/F'ate/Field Validation
This research encompasses the determination of
the effects, movement, transformation, and
ultimate disposition of toxic substances and their
degradation products that inadvertently enter into
all environmental media. This program provides
information on how plants and animals and larger
ecosystems are affected by exposure to toxic
substances caused by accidents in commerce and
industry. Specific activities include developing
and validating techniques for assessing hazards,
exposure and estimation of the fate of existing
chemicals.
Information developed in the above studies
provides data necessary for hazard and exposure
assessments and for designing mathematical
models of chemical transport, transformation and
fate. Research addresses such problem areas as:
intermedia transfer, characteristics of chemicals
(e.g., chemical kinetics/hydrolysis rate constants)
and the processes of the receiving environment;
comparative toxicological responses; system level
effects (e.g., community alterations); effects of
toxicants on animal and plant development and
applied chemical structure-activity techniques,
methods for measuring ecosystem recovery and
abiotic transformation. Research results help the
50
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Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Agency to determine potential adverse impacts of
toxicants and to help formulate preventative or
remedial actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/GB
ERL/COR
Rosemarie A. Russo
Raymond G. Wilhour
Thomas A. Murphy
Total
Funds ($k)
840.6
851.7
783.3
Percent
In-House
100
100
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Exposure Monitoring
Research for exposure monitoring is dedicated to
development, testing, and standardizing
monitoring methods to estimate total human
exposure and population exposures. Human
activity patterns are studied to improve estimates
of exposure. Total human exposure data are used
to construct models to estimate an individual's
pollutant exposure in all media. Microenviron-
ment studies are conducted to fill data gaps.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 1,259.0 43
AREAL/RTP DalePahl 533.1 20
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0 0
Health Effects
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research is aimed at providing techniques to
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessments.
Techniques are needed to extrapolate between
adverse effects seen in animal species and human
health effects and between high doses used in
animal toxicity testing and low doses typical of
environmental exposure. Dosimetry models are
being developed for oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes of exposure. Biological markers research
focuses on the development of indicators of
biological dose and resulting effects for eventual
application to studies of human populations.
51
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,445.1
34.8
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry, and
Extrapolation
This research evaluates physiological,
biochemical, genetic and immunologic techniques
as indicators of human exposure to chemical
pollutants. These biomarkers are tested for
sensitivity, selectivity and reliability in human
exposure monitoring systems.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Stephen Hern
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
268.2
0
Percent
In-House
30
0
Health Effects
Special Human Data Needs
This research is designed to provide information to
assist in identifying and regulating existing
chemicals with potential human health risks.
Research focuses on developing epidemiological
and biostatistical methods. Efforts in biochemical
epidemiology are underway to identify and
evaluate biomonitoring and screening methods for
potential application to human environmental
epidemiology.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
1,483.7
23.6
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Structure Activity Relationships
This research is designed to determine the
disposition of new toxic chemicals in all
environmental media and to determine if selected
plants and animals might be affected. This
52
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
involves developing structure-activity
relationships (SAR) with methodologies based
upon molecular structure characteristics to
rapidly assess the environmental fate and toxicity
of new chemicals. Structure-activity develops
those data bases and mathematical models which
are used for predicting exposure, bioaccumulation,
toxicity, and fate. Activities include the
development of data bases on plant uptake, fate of
organic chemicals, toxicity to fish and reactivity of
chemicals (e.g., photolytic, electrophilic,
nucleophilic). Integrated into this research is data
on transport and transformation of both organic
and inorganic substances in freshwater and
multimedia environments and application of SAR
to predict effects of new chemicals on biota. The
latter includes determination of and predictions on
toxic mechanisms and microbial transformation
and metabolism. Expert systems are being applied
to the SAR approach. Computer based predictive
programs are in use in regulatory evaluations.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 351.2 100
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 516.4 65
Structure Activity Relationships
Health Effects Methods are being developed to use combinations
of descriptions based on molecular structure to
predict enzymatic, genetic, carcinogenic, and other
activities of new chemicals to support section 5 of
TSCA. Techniques include pattern recognition
and statistical and thermodynamic analyses. In
addition, chemical data bases are being
constructed for use in predicting toxicological
responses for new chemicals with similar
structures.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP HalZenick 972.8 46.5
OHR/HQ Randall Bond
53
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
Quality assurance research is conducted to
support routine monitoring and assessment.
Studies are underway to evaluate the data used in
environmental monitoring field studies and
networks for risk assessments. Reference
chemicals and analytical spectra for chemical
compound identification are produced to provide
standardization procedures and guidelines for
program offices field studies.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter 196.0 15
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 444.0 31
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0 0
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA)
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Toxic Substances in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and
exposure. These activities support decision-
making under TSCA (i.e., existing chemicals,
Preliminary Manufacturing Notice (PMN) review,
and test guidelines and test rules development).
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
William Farland
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
120.7
96.2
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program supports the Office of Toxic
Substances (OTS) in its implementation of the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA), and
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA). The program focuses
54
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
on the development of predictive capabilities to be
used in assessing release and exposure levels for
the review of Premanufacturing Notices (PMNs)
for new chemicals, and the techniques and controls
for ensuring "no risk" exposure to existing
chemicals.
The "new chemicals" subprogram has developed
the manufacturing and processing of these
chemicals from both the unit operations and "an
industrial-setting" perspective. Research in the
operations area has focused on drying and
filtration equipment. Emphasis has been placed on
the frequency of exposure, and the magnitude and
duration of inhalation and dermal exposure levels
in the work place. Additional emphasis has been
directed toward simulating the "real-world"
environment.
Research in the industrial-settings area has
been concentrated on those manufacturing
scenarios found in the polymer processing
industry. Emphasis has been directed toward
exposures associated with the off-gassing of
monomers, degradation products, and polymer
additives.
In the fate assessment subprogram, emphasis
has been placed on water soluble compounds
which, ultimately are subjected to secondary
wastewater treatment, and in particular,
activated sludge treatment. Based on the high
numbers of azo-dye PMN submissions, these dyes
remain a priority for investigation.
In the past, agency guidance has been developed
from the best- engineering judgment concept.
Research is continuing to evaluate the
effectiveness of current guidance which includes
removal, and in situations where the asbestos-
containing materials is to be left in place,
operations and maintenance procedures.
To satisfy the needs of AHERA, efforts will
evaluate transportation and disposal options, and
attempt to indicate the "least-burdensome"
strategy when several "risk-free" options are
available. Over the next three years, the program
will shift toward developing cost-effective
removal/containment technologies and addressing
the broader area of controlling all harmful
respirable and durable fibers.
55
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
RREL/Cin Roger Wilmoth
OEETD/HQ Bill McCarthy
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,400
0
25
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
To assess environmental hazards, research focuses
on developing, improving and validating single
and multi-species toxicity tests for chronic and
acute toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. The
developed methods support development of testing
guidelines for TSCA and provide basic data for
determining exposure and appropriate endpoints
that can be related to real-world situations.
Test methods development for aquatic biota
provides new or modified bioassays which support
toxicological evaluations on such concerns as
uptake from contaminated sediments,
extrapolations from species to species and
determining carcinogenic potentials of chemicals.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
Gilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Total
Funds ($k)
145.5
281.5
Percent
In-House
100
100
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Test Method Development
Test method development research is conducted to
improve procedures to identify and quantitate
chemical compounds of interest. Emphasis is
placed on development of biological and chemical
procedures to measure chemicals in different
media including biological monitoring and
immunochemical procedures. New statistical
techniques are developed for spectra analysis.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
i
EMSL/LV Stephen Hern 610.0 41
AREAL/RTP DalePahl 277.0 22
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0 0
56
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Health Effects
Test Method Development
Under the Toxic Substances Control Act, EPA
must provide industry with guidance to test
chemicals for potential hazards to public health. In
order to base regulatory decisions on the best
possible data, reliable test methods must be
developed for incorporation into test guidelines.
The goal of this research is to develop short-term,
cost-effective, predictive methods for detecting the
toxic effects of chemicals. These test systems
include both in vitro and in vivo methods and
bioassays for predicting adverse health effects
such as alterations in reproductive and
developmental processes and immunotoxic and
neurotoxic effects.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
1,486.6
66
Scientific
Assessment
Emergency Planning and Community
Right to Know
In support of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III, Section 313,
the scientific assessment program prepares
profiles and incorporates them into the Integrated
Risk Information System (IRIS) to provide
information to various governmental agencies and
the public on the health effects of chemicals
released into the environment.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
William Farland
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
50.0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Asbestos
Research is being conducted to develop and
standardize analytical methods for identification
of airborne asbestos fibers in indoor micro-
environments and for sampling and analysis of
floor tiles which may contain asbestos.
57
-------
Toxic Chemical Testing/Assessment
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP DalePahl 537.3 8
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0.0 0
SARA Title III
Modeling, Research is conducted to identify methods to
Monitoring detect release of chemicals on the SARA Title III
Systems ^s^ ^n^° ^ne environment and to develop human
and Quality exposure monitoring procedures to assess human
. exposure to chemicals released from these
Assurance installations.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter 339.4 20
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0.0 0
58
-------
Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Biotechnology IMicrobial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
This portion of the research program is planned to
develop or improve bioassay methodologies for
determining the effects of biological control agents
or biochemical agents (e.g., hormones,
pheromones) on non-target biotic receptors. The
application of the methods assists in establishing
testing guidelines and in registering and
controlling the use of these control agents. Agents
of interest include both genetically altered and
unaltered bacteria, viruses and fungi. Parameters
to be studied include routes of exposure, methods
to recover or identify the agents and to estimate
virulence, toxicity and infectivity. Survival,
growth, persistence and effects plus controlling
abiotic factors are of concern. Generic transfer and
stability associated with genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) will be investigated.
Special handling and monitoring methods and
systems will be studied. All extramural monies
will be expended by the laboratories subsequent to
final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
ERL/COR Thomas A. Murphy 184.4
ERL/DUL GilmanVeith 103.6
ERL/GB Raymond G. Wilhour 867.8
OEPER/HQ Sam Williams 1,103.1
Percent
In-House
100
100
60
0
Health Effects
Biotechnology/Microbial and Biochemical
Pest Control Agents
Models will be developed on potential interaction
of microbial agents and the mammalian cell. Goals
are (1) the determination of the ability of
microbial agents to replicate in mammalian cells,
and (2) to provoke immune responses in non-target
(mammalian) hosts. Methods will also be
developed using monoclonal antibodies and
biotinated DNA probes to enable the identification
of genetic material from microbial pesticides in
non-target sites such as mammalian cells in vitro
and in vivo. Research will also focus on the effects
59
-------
Pesticides
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
of genetically engineered pesticides on
mammalian organisms.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
Total
Funds ($k)
1,139.4
Percent
In-House
34.7
Ecology: Ecotoxicity and Risk Assessment
To register or re-register pesticides it is necessary
to develop a focused risk assessment process for
integrating hazard and exposure assessments into
models which express the probability of risk to
important non-human populations. This facet of
the research program develops environmental risk
assessment methodology by combining impact
data using existing or new models to express risk
as a probability with estimates of the associated
uncertainty.
New endpoint responses will be studied
encompassing ecosystem structures and function.
Selected wildlife and microbial populations will be
used to reflect population changes and other
changes that influence risk evaluations. Other
parameters that affect model integrity will be
studied (e.g., species susceptibility; chemical
routes of exposure and uptake and residues).
Modeling will be supported through data
integration and model calibration and validation
will be supported through field studies which
includes all media. All extramural monies will be
expended by the participating laboratories
subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
OEPER/HQ
Rosemarie C. Russo
Thomas A. Murphy
Oilman Veith
Raymond G. Wilhour
Sam Williams
Total
Funds ($k)
0.0
50.3
129.5
0.0
780.0
Percent
In-House
0
100
100
0
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Ecology: Transport/Fate/Field Validation
Research will concentrate on the development,
refinement and validation of techniques and
models to measure and predict pesticide transport,
60
-------
Pesticides
degradation, exposure, effects and fate in the
environment. Laboratory and field studies will be
conducted to substantiate the applicability of
methods and mathematical models and to
determine if results are valid and reflect
environmental responses under natural
conditions. Data from these studies will be used to
assess pesticide hazards to surrogate species,
populations and communities representative of
aquatic (i.e., estuarine) and terrestrial habitats.
These investigations will include analysis of
abiotic influences on study results and on various
chemical and physical factors and processes.
Sorption, leaching and bioaccumulation will be
evaluated. Ground water contamination and
associated processes will be explored and remedial
actions sought. Predictive techniques for exposure
assessment technology will be improved with
studies on pesticide sorption kinetics,
transformations, structure reactivity correlations
and mechanisms of degradation. Terrestrial
ecotoxicology studies will include development of
data and methods to assess and predict stress
impacts on wildlife (e.g., bird) populations.
Information and data including assessments
and predictive tools, evaluations of assessment
criteria/models and user manuals, workshops and
reviews are applied to support the Agency's
regulatory actions.
All extramural monies will be expended by the
laboratories subsequent to final planning actions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 341.2 100
ERL/COR Thomas A. Murphy 501.3 33
ERL/DUL Oilman Veith 562.6 64
ERL/GB Raymond G. Wilhour 949.1 78
OEPER/HQ Sam Williams . 914.3 41
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Engineering
This program which supports the Office of
Pesticide Programs (OPP) consists of two major
areas: protective clothing and disposal technology.
Several areas of protective clothing research are
concluding which will provide a "Guidance
61
-------
Pesticides
Manual for Selecting Protective Clothing for
Agricultural Pesticide Operations." This manual
will serve as a reference document for OPP to use
in protective-clothing issues related to OPP's
regulatory and training activities. This manual
will include standard test methods and
performance data from both laboratory and field
tests.
OEETD will continue to evaluate existing
disposal techniques and processes for destroying
specific pesticide classes, develop a treatability
database applicable to pesticides and their
disposal, and develop improved container reuse
technology including a test method to ensure
compliance with existing regulations.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
RREL/Cin Michael Royer 1,200 35
OEETD/HQ Bill McCarthy 0 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health Effects
Exposure
Research is being conducted to develop and test
the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM) approach for measurement of exposure to
pesticides residues in children for pesticides used
routinely by the general population. Exposure of
children to pesticides via personal air, food,
drinking water, and dermal exposure will be
studied using TEAM methods.
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Andrew Bond
Stephen Hern
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
206.0
165.4
0
Percent
In-House
6
13
0
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation
This research focuses on developing animal
models to assess health risks and improve
methodology for extrapolating results of animal
toxicity studies into risk estimates for humans.
62
-------
Pesticides
Studies will include evaluation of interspecies
differences in the dermal absorption of pesticides,
examination of structure-activity relationships,
examination of metabolic differences between
species which may contribute to teratogenic
outcomes, and the investigation of potential
interactions between alterations in maternal
health status and susceptibility to pesticide
exposures. Additionally, a computerized data
management system which analyzes genetic data
will continue to be developed.
Office or
Laboratory Contact.
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
HalZenick
Randall Bond
1,091.5
55
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Health: Markers, Dosimetry and
Extrapolation
Research is being conducted to relate external
dose to internal dose and to identify onset of
disease states resulting from exposure to pesticide
residues. Research studies are being carried out to
define the relationship between biological
indicators of exposure and dose.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Stephen Hern
Michael Dellarco
Total
Funds ($k)
532.0
0
Percent
In-House
45
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Support
The pesticides quality assurance program ensures
the accuracy of the data which is attained through
testing and analysis. This program conducts
quality assurance research and maintains a
Pesticide Repository of high purity chemicals.
Federal and State laboratories use these samples
as standard reference for internal quality control.
Research is conducted to develop procedures to
ensure control in environmental monitoring
studies and analysis of samples for pesticide
63
-------
Pesticides
residues. Efforts will be initiated in FY90 to assess
the merits of privitizing the Pesticides Repository.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter 294.7 0
OMMSQA/HQ Michael Dellarco 0.0 0
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Test Method Development
Laboratory studies will develop, improve and
validate bioassay methodologies to be used as
standardized pesticide testing protocols for aquatic
organisms. Various methods will be geared to
testing chosen life stages of endemic fishes and
crustaceans or surrogate test species for long-term
or short-term durations. These methods will help
assess both exposure and effects (e.g., metabolic,
mortality or teratogenic response) of pesticides
and pesticide ingredients under acute and chronic
conditions and some may be used for monitoring
particular pesticides or sensitive biota and for
predicting response. Influencing environmental
factors which may modify testing results will be
studied to establish confidence limits for the
methods under given conditions. The methods will
contribute to establishment of early detection of
hazards and provide sensitive, rapid and
inexpensive evaluation techniques.
Office or
Laboratory
ERL/GB
Contact
Raymond G. Wilhour 282.5
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
100
Health Effects
Test Method Development
This research involves developing and refining
bioassays for the detection of adverse alterations
in the development of reproductive processes in
animals which allow for more accurate /
evaluations of reproductive development and
function. Techniques are also being developed,
validated, refined and implemented for
64
-------
Pesticides
determining human genetic effects caused by
exposure to chemical carcinogens and mutagens.
Additionally, methods are being developed to
determine the neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity
of pesticides.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Hal Zenick
Randall Bond
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,790.8
70
Scientific
Assessment
Support for Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Activities
The scientific assessment program provides
support to the Office of Pesticide Programs in the
area of assessments of cancer, mutagenicity,
adverse reproductive/ developmental effects, and
exposure. Support is also provided on a case-by-
case basis with laboratory data audits.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
William Farland
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
145.0
100
65
-------
Multi-Media Energy
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Develop and Evaluate LIMB Technology
This area is supporting the evaluation of
alternative acid rain control technologies:
specifically the development and
commercialization of an integrated NOX/SO2
control technology—The Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB).
The LIMB control technology can substantially
reduce both NOX and 862 emissions while at the
same time reducing the costs for control. A
systematic development is underway to bring the
LIMB technology to the point where industry
would be willing to commercialize it. The 1990
program will include: research on sorbent reaction
mechanisms, detailed analysis to identify
potential operability and reliability problems, and
operation and testing of the industry/EPA
cofunded full scale demonstration on a
tangentially-fired utility boiler.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AEERL/RTP Mike Maxwell 3,403.2 30
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick 150 77
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Establish Deposition Monitoring Data
Base
EPA's National Dry Acid Deposition Network will
consist of 51 operational sites. The quantification
of subgrid variability of dry deposition will
continue with particular attention to areas of
complex vegetation and terrain.
In the wet deposition area, development of
better wet collectors (buckets) will be completed.
Quality assurance, data systems support, and
analyses of spatial and temporal variation of data
are an integral part of the program.
A state of science paper will be written for the
1990 assessment.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
AREAL/RTP Steven Bromberg
Ken Knapp
OEPER/HQ Craig Hillock
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
3,371.7
1,011.6
4
15
66
-------
Multi-Media Energy
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Estimate Emissions from Man-Made
Sources
This research effort gives primary emphasis to the
development of a high quality emissions data base
for calendar year 1992. SO2, NOx, and VOC are
the emission species of principal interest. Models
to forecast emission trends and costs of various
control programs are being developed. These
economic sectoral models and the emissions
inventories will be used to support regional and
national policy analysis including the NAPAP
1990 assessment.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
AEERL/RTP David Mobley
OEPER/HQ Larry Montgomery
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,100.6
471.1
13
6
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Effects on
Material and Cultural Resources
Chamber and field studies for paint/substrate
systems will continue in order to make the link
between microscopic damage and macro-damage
(peeling, cracking, blistering, etc). A state of the
science report will be written for the 1990
assessment. The program will terminate at the
end of FY 90.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP JohnSpence 12.0 100
OEPER/HQ PaulRingold 827.8 1
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Aquatic Effects
The Aquatic Effects Research Program comprises
the following activities: (1) completion of Phase II
of the National Surface Water Survey; (2)
formulation of predictive regional aquatic
chemistry models which incorporate episodic and
non-episodic events; (3) completion of the
Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) research
in the Mid Appalachian Region; (4) operation of a
67
-------
Multi-Media Energy
prototype intensively studied watershed site in
Maine to collect data for use in testing predictive
models of watershed response to acid deposition;
(5) completion of a whole lake manipulation study
in Wisconsin; and (6) completion of the NAPAP
Integrated Assessment and State of Sciences
documents.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
ERL/COR
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
ERL/DUL
OEPER/HQ
Dixon Landers
Gareth Pearson
Steven Bromberg
John Eaton
Bill Fallen
Total
Funds ($k)
8,106.6
584.0
70.0
172.5
1,932.5
Percent
In-House
6
14
0
13
8
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Understand and Quantify Terrestrial
Effects
Research will be performed at several integrated
multidisciplinary research sites, mostly in eastern
spruce/fir, southern commercial, and eastern
hardwood forest types. The research will explore,
in part, the relationship between forest dieback
and reduced growth due to the exposure and
deposition of airborne chemicals thought to be
factors in acidic deposition. These studies will be
congruent with other work to quantify and
evaluate the extent and magnitude of recent
changes in forest condition. Results of this
research will be encompassed in a detailed
evaluation of S, N, and associated pollutants on
forest response. Models will be developed to project
forest response under various alternative
deposition scenarios.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
AREAL/RTP
ERL/COR
OEPER/HQ
EMSL/LV
Ralph Baumgardner
Robert Lackey
Kenneth Hood
Bob Snelling
Total
Funds ($k)
1,663.0
3,166.0
1,362.9
6.0
Percent
In-House
2
5
10
100
68
-------
Multi-Media Energy
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Understanding Atmospheric Processes
This research is designed to improve our
capability to examine and predict the atmospheric
transport, chemical transformation and the wet
and dry deposition of acidic substances emitted
into the atmosphere. Laboratory and field studies,
using airborne and surface measuring
instruments, and an extensive deposition
monitoring network is being undertaken to study
the movement and transformation of acids and
their precursors from sources to receptors.
Modules which mathematically simulate the
atmospheric processes have been developed for the
Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM). A major
field program is currently underway to test and
evaluate RADM. RADM will be applied to analyze
potential emission control scenarios.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
AREAL/RTP JimVickery 7,738.0 18
OEPER/HQ Alistair Leslie 1,328.6 16
AEERL/RTP David Mobley 24.0 100
69
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Intermedia
Technology
Transfer,
Regulatory
Support and
Regional
Operations
Activities
Manage ORD's Technology Transfer,
Regulatory Support and Regional
Operations Activities
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) has oversight of three outreach
activities: ORD participation in the Agency's
regulatory development process to ensure its
scientific defensibility; a comprehensive and
systematic ORD technology transfer effort with
emphasis on state and local governments and
industry; and more effective assistance by ORD to
EPA Regional Offices. Through its Regional
Scientist Program, OTTRS is to have a scientist in
each EPA Region by 1990. The Director advises
the Assistant Administrator on the priority
science-policy issues and the regulatory support
provided directly to Program Offices by ORD
scientists and engineers. OTTRS also oversees the
establishment and improvement of ORD program
effectiveness through technology transfer and
ORD-specific implementation of the 1986
Technology Transfer Act and the increased
attention to Regional Office needs and networking
of national issues.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OTTRS
Peter Preuss
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
8,300
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Manage the Mandatory Quality Assurance
Program
Each year, EPA devotes more than $500 million to
environmental data operations. Quality assurance
(QA) activities play an integral role in the
planning and implementation of these operations,
and in the evaluation of the resulting data. By
means of their QA programs, EPA organizations
can enjoy substantial resource savings, because
they collect only those data that are needed, and
because they can be sure that the data they cpllect
are appropriate for their intended use.
Quality assurance is the process of
management review and oversight at the
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planning, implementation, and completion stages
of an environmental data collection activity to
assure that data provided by a line operation to
data users are of the quality needed and claimed.
Quality assurance should not be confused with
quality control (QC); QC includes those activities
required during data collection to produce the data
quality desired and to document the quality of the
collected data (e.g., sample spikes and blanks).
Quality assurance programs consist of specific
activities conducted before, during and after
environmental data collection. During the
planning of an environmental data collection
program, QA activities focus on assuring that the
quality of the data needed by data users has been
defined, and that a QCsystem has been designed
for measuring the quality of the data being
collected. During the implementation of a data
collection effort, QA activities ensure that the QC
system is operating and that problems found by
QC are corrected. After environmental data are
collected, QA activities focus on assessing the
quality of the data obtained. Here, one determines
whether the data obtained are adequate to support
data-dependent regulatory decisions or research
hypotheses.
The Quality Assurance Management Staff
(QAMS) is charged with overseeing the quality
assurance activities of the Agency. QAMS came
into being in May 1979, when the Agency
recognized the need for formalizing an Agency-
wide quality assurance program for all
environmental data collection activities. More
recently, with the issuance EPA Order 5360.1 in
April 1984, the Agency's quality assurance
program has been significantly strengthened and
broadened. The Order mandates that QA be an
integral part of all environmental data collection
activities, from planning through implementation
and review.
The Order identifies the activities basic to the
implementation of a QA program. These include:
• requiring QA in all Agency-supported
environmental data collection activities,
• defining Data Quality Objectives,
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• developing quality assurance program and
project plans,
• conducting management and technical audits
and reviews,
• implementing corrective actions based on the
audits,
• establishing achievable data quality limits for
methods cited in EPA regulations,
• developing and adopting technical guidelines
for assessing data quality, and
• providing for QA training.
In recent years, the Agency's QA activities have
focused on identifying the basic elements that are
essential to effective quality assurance for
environmental data. QAMS has put considerable
emphasis on issuing guidance defining these key
elements and describing their importance in the
efficient and effective expenditure of resources
assigned to environmental data collection. This
guidance development phase has now been
completed, and in FY 1990 QAMS will continue
with full-scale implementation support and
oversight.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OMMSQAyHQ Stanley Blacker
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
1,722.8
52
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Visiting Scientists Program
The Visiting Scientists Program has two
components: a competitive visiting scientists and
engineers program and a summer fellowship
program. The objective of the Visiting Scientists
and Engineers Program is to attract accomplished
visitors into the Agency for 1 to 3 years to assist in
strengthening the Agency's science policy and
research program. Candidates are sought through
annual advertisements in nationally known
scientific and engineering publications. They are
then subjected to a rigorous peer review from
which only the top candidates are recommended
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for assignment to an EPA laboratory. In FY 1989
four candidates passed peer review.
The Summer Fellows Program is carried out in
cooperation with the American Association for the
Advancement of Science and sponsors the
assignment of post-doctoral and mid-career
environmental science and engineering fellows to
EPA facilities for the summer months to conduct
environmental research projects. In FY 1989,10
highly qualified fellows were sponsored.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
195 0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Exploratory Research Centers
The purpose of the Research Program is to provide
dedicated support over several years to
multidisciplinary research in topics of interest to
EPA. The first solicitation in 1980 resulted in
eight such research centers. These centers were
established between 1980 and 1981 and have
operated continuously since then. Scheduled
funding of the centers terminates in 1990 and
1991. The Agency is reevaluating the design of the
Centers Program. Several significant changes are
contemplated. These changes will be reflected in
new solicitations for proposals to be published in
1990.
The centers which are currently operating are
listed below:
Industrial Waste Elimination Center (Illinois
Institute of Technology)—studies innovative
technology and process modification to reduce
industrial pollutants
Intermedia Transport Research Center
(University of California at Los Angeles)—defines
chemical and physical processes governing
pollutant exchange at air-land and air-water
boundaries
.Ecosystems Research Center (Cornell
University)—identifies and applies ecosystem
principles to environmental management
problems
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Marine Sciences Research Center (University of
Rhode Island)—assesses marine ecosystems
health, emphasizing exposure of marine
organisms to toxics
Advanced Control Technology Research Center
(University of Illinois)—studies separation
technology, thermal destruction, biological
separation, and chemical detoxification
Ground Water Research Center (Rice
University, Oklahoma State University, and the
University of Oklahoma)—studies subsurface
characterization, transport and fate, and ground
water horizon modeling
Environmental Epidemiology Research Center
(University of Pittsburgh)—studies basic
epidemiology methods and airborne particulate
health effects studies.
Hazardous Waste Research Center (Louisiana
State University)—conducts research to develop
advanced technologies for the destruction,
detoxification, recovery, or containment of
hazardous wastes
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
4,400
0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Exploratory Research Grants
The Research Grants Program supports research
initiated by individual investigators in areas of
priority interest to the Agency. Research proposals
are solicited via two mechanisms: (1) the
"Solicitation for Research Proposals" which is
published each year and invites proposals in
broadly defined areas of environmental science
and engineering, and (2) the Request for
Applications (RFA) which is a more targeted
solicitation mechanism which requests proposals
in well-defined areas of particular interest tq the
Agency. All proposals received in response to
either mechanism are subjected to a rigorous peer
panel review. In addition, those responding to the
general solicitation must undergo an Agency
relevance review. Areas in which research
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proposals will be requested in FY 1989 under the
general solicitation include: environmental
biology, environmental health, environmental
engineering and environmental chemistry and
physics.
In an effort to provide more support to minority
institutions for the conduct of basic environmental
research, the Research Grants Program makes
available pre-application assistance for minority
faculty at Historically Black Colleges and
Universities through its Minority Institutions
Assistance Program. Whether or not this
assistance is used, however, research proposals
received under this program are reviewed along
with proposals received under the general
solicitation and in accordance with the standards
applied thereunder.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
18,200
0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program
Public Law 97-219 requires EPA to devote 1.25%
of its extramural research and development
budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. The program focuses exclusively on
projects in control technology or process
instrumentation development. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level of up to
$50,000. Of these Phase I studies, the best are
selected for Phase II studies where actual product
development is started. Phase II studies are
supported up to a level of $150,000. To date, half of
the Phase I efforts have been supported in Phase
II. Results from the SBIR Program are expected to
lead to the commercial development of a product or
process used in pollution control. In fiscal year
1989 the SBIR budget was about $2.5 million.
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Office or
Laboratory
OER/HQ
Contact
Walter Preston
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,500 0
Health Effects
Research to Improve Health Risk
Assessment (RIHRA) (Health)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
relies on quantitative risk assessments of human
health effects to guide the regulatory decision-
making process in carrying out the mandates
given to EPA under existing environmental
legislation. The utility of the risk-based decision
making process is dependent upon the accuracy of
available effects data and on our ability to
extrapolate this information to man. In situations
where the scientific data is insufficient, the risk
manager is presented with a broad range of
possible risks upon which to base his decision. This
uncertainty has significant impacts and
ramifications for the regulatory process in terms of
balancing human health risks against other
societal needs.
The primary objective of the RIRHA program is
to develop a systematic and integrated research
program to improve the scientific basis supporting
health risk assessments. Emphasis is being placed
on identifying and addressing the significant
uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment
process. This program will provide critical
information on the relationship between exposure
(applied dose), dose to target tissue (delivered
dose), and associated health effects. Both
laboratory and field research will be conducted
that will improve our understanding of basic
biological mechanisms, especially as it relates
from one set of circumstances to another. Research
will address four major areas: (1) Analysis of
Uncertainty in Risk Assessments, (2) Integrated
Exposure Assessment, (3) Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic Models, and (4) Biologically
Based Dose-Response Models.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Larry Reiter
Ken Sexton
Total
Funds ($k)
7,234.6
Percent
In-House
3.8
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Radiation
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Off-Site Monitoring Program
The overall goal of the research program is to
provide the scientifically credible data necessary
to assess public exposure to non-ionizing radiation
and to man-made radioactive materials and to
allow decisions to be made regarding control of
that exposure.
In addition, this program provides quality
assurance for the Agency's programs for
monitoring radiation in the environment. These
are supported by providing a common source of
radionuclide standards and reference materials,
and through laboratory intercomparison studies
conducted to assure data of known quality from
analyses of environmental samples such as milk,
water, air and food.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
EMSL/LV Charles Costa
OMMSQA/HQ Deran Pashayan
Total
Funds ($k)
289.4
0.0
Percent
In-House
100
0
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Scientific Support for Radon Program
This engineering program for radiation supports
the Agency's Radon Action Program. It is directed
at developing and demonstrating cost-effective
methods for reducing radon in houses and other
structures. The results of these tests, along with
analysis of the findings of others, are provided to
the States, private sector organizations (such as
builders and contractors), and to homeowners. The
research will continue to expend the number of
techniques, the housing substructure types and
the locations for testing. The research focuses
primarily on radon mitigation techniques for
existing houses and prevention techniques for new
construction. Radon mitigation techniques
applicable to school buildings will also be assessed.
Office or
Laboratory
Contact
AEERL/RTP Alfred Craig
OEETD/HQ Marshall Dick
Total
Funds ($k)
3,518.2
150
Percent
In-House
32
78
77
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Superfund
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
Analytical protocols, sampling techniques,
monitoring methods, and data interpretation
approaches useful for characterizing air, surface
and ground water, wastes, and soils at Superfund
sites will be developed, evaluated, and
demonstrated. These methods include air
monitoring techniques for ambient and source
sampling; analytical sample preparation methods;
geophysical methods such as high resolution
seismic reflection to assist in subsurface
characterization; x-ray fluorescence
measurements of metal concentrations; remote
sensing techniques and geographic information
systems for collection and analysis of present and
historical site data; soil core preparation
procedures; portable gas chromatography for
volatiles analysis; personal computer-based
geostatistics computer programs; and hydraulic
properties of soils.
Office or
Laboratory
EMSL/CIN
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
William Budde
William McClenny
Ann Pitchford
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
473.8
244.1
1,895.1
0
Percent
In-House
51
24
38
0
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Techniques and Procedures for
Site and Situation Assessment
Site-, chemical- and situation-specific exposure
and risk assessments are being prepared to assist
the Program Office and Regions in evaluating the
alternative courses of action and regulatory
strategies that might be applied at uncontrolled
Superfund sites. Activities include development of
health and environmental effects assessments for
the chemicals most frequently found at candidate
sites, participation in the development or review of
toxicological profiles, and provision of rapid
response health assessments in a short time
frame.
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Superfund
Office or
Laboratory
ECAO/CIN
Contact
Christopher DeRosa
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
716
53
Environmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
Clean-up of Uncontrolled Hazardous
Waste Sites Requires Technologies for
Response and Remedial Action, for
Protecting the Personnel Involved and for
Supporting Enforcement Actions
This research program develops and evaluates
clean-up technology, demonstrating proto-type
equipment such as mobile incineration systems
and mobile soil washing systems. Remedial
technology will be assessed and technical reports
provided which will include design data and cost
information. Engineering expertise will be applied
to the assessment of uncontrolled hazardous waste
site situations to assist the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response, Regions and others in the
development of corrective measure options.
Manuals will be developed establishing personnel
safety protocols and evaluating equipment and
techniques, especially for decontamination of
equipment and personnel. In addition, short-term,
quick turn-around technical programs and
consultation will be provided to the regional
programs and the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement for enforcement support.
The Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) program has been established
to enhance the development and demonstration,
and thereby establish the commercial availability,
of innovative technologies as alternatives to
containment systems. The primary goal of the
SITE program is to field evaluate these
technologies at Superfund sites in order to develop
reliable cost and performance data.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RREL/CIN R. Hill
S.James
OEETD/HQ R. Nalesnick
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
30,200
1,500.0
9
75
79
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Superfund
Modeling,
M\mitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Quality Assurance—Superfund
Program Requirements
Effective remedial design/remedial actions at
Superfund sites depend upon analytical data of
known and appropriate quality. This program
provides support to the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response's Contract Laboratory
Program (CLP), which is responsible for most
contract chemical analyses under the Superfund
program. Support is provided to the CLP in
numerous ways. Quality assurance reference
materials, such as calibration standards, quality
control samples, and performance evaluation
samples are designed, prepared, and distributed
according to uniform and consistent protocols for
analysis by contract laboratories. The analytical
data generated by the laboratories are audited in
order to assess intra- and inter-laboratory
performance and method performance. These data
are maintained in the Quality Assurance/Quality
Control Data Base. Pre- and post-award on-site
contract laboratory inspections are performed to
complement the performance evaluations. Based
on method performance data, existing analytical
protocols are reviewed and improved. A quick
response referee laboratory service is provided for
use of the EPA Regions.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/CIN John Winter 1,260.6 13
EMSL/LV Llew Williams 3,231.2 25
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program, and Regions
Site specific monitoring and characterization for
all media in support of Superfund investigations is
provided to the Agency as part of the Technical
Support Program. State-of-the-art monitoring and
analytical techniques, as well as thorough quality
assurance are essential, especially in enforcement
cases. Many monitoring and characterization
support activities are provided on an as-requested
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Superfund
basis. These include remote sensing for historical
and current site assessment; air, surface- and
ground-water, and soils monitoring for site
characterization; and analytical chemistry
support. Additional support provided includes
advice/assistance on sampling methods, design of
sampling plans, and analytical method
modification. The full range of quality
assurance/quality control assistance is offered
including design and review of quality assurance
plans, provision of quality control materials, and
data analysis and interpretation.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
EMSL/CIN
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
OMMSQA/HQ
William Budde
William McClenny
Shelly Evans
Thomas Baugh
Total
Funds ($k)
410.0
388.2
1,405.7
0
Percent
In-House
28
22
24
0
Environmental
Processes and
Effects
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regions
This function provides rapid technical expertise
and services to the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement, the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Regional Offices, the
Environmental Response Team, Department of
Justice, and state governments.
Laboratory personnel and facilities are
available on a "when and where requested" basis
to provide site- and case-specific technical support.
Assistance includes training or advice on use of
sampling and analytical techniques and on use of
appropriate assessment models, including those
for ecological risk estimation. In addition, a
clearinghouse for information on remedial action
technologies, methods, case histories, etc., will be
established. Bioassessment assistance will focus
on evaluation and application of the protocol to
leachate and contaminated soil samples and
performing environmental assays. Technical
support will also be provided on contaminated
marine coastal areas and on polluted sediment
remediation. A multimedia, human exposure/risk
assessment methodology for prioritizing candidate
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Superfund
remedial action sites in terms of their threats to
human health will be developed.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
ERL/COR
ERL/NARR
ERL/DUL
M. Richard Scalf
Rosemarie C. Russo
Lawrence Kapustka
Norbert A. Jaworski
Douglas W. Kuehl
Total
Funds ($k)
879.5
500.0
667.5
647.0
100.0
Percent
In-House
31.3
22.4
39.4
17.3
0.0
Scientific
Assessment
Provide Technical Support to
Enforcement, Program and Regional
Offices
Site- and chemical-specific health assessments are
being provided to support Enforcement Office
needs for the remedial planning and cost recovery
efforts. Assessments provided range from brief
hazard summaries to detailed and peer-reviewed
documents used in negotiations and litigation.
Risk assessments developed by Regional Offices
are reviewed for consistency, technical quality,
and adherence to Agency risk assessment
guidelines. Technical support on risk assessments
is provided to the States and Regions.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Kevin Garrahan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
594
49
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Hazardous Substance Health, Risk and
Detection
The purpose of this program is to develop and
evaluate monitoring techniques and systems
which are rapid and inexpensive, fill technical
voids, integrate monitoring systems into multi-
media site assessments, and are as specific,
selective and sensitive as possible. Section 31 Ic of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act authorizes EPA to conduct research "with
respect to...detection of hazardous substances in
the environment." These innovative approaches
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Superfund
offer potentially significant cost and time savings
to Superfund site investigations.
Activities for FY 1990 will focus on the
development and standardization of field
analytical technology and sampling methods;
development of cost effective sampling designs and
approaches; and development of techniques for
managing and interpreting field data. For
example, immunoassay technology for screening
single compounds or classes of compounds and
field portable systems such as fiber optics chemical
sensors will be developed.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV EricKoglin 1,777.1 13
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
Scientific
Assessment
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
This program fulfills, in part, the Agency's
responsibilities under the new Section 311(c) to
establish a research program to assess, detect, and
evaluate effects on, and risk to, human health
from hazardous substances. It enhances the
Agency's internal research capabilities relative to
Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
assessment activities. The scientific assessment
research program, specifically, is integrated with
the health effects program, and is developing data
and procedures to fill information and assessment
gaps that exist in the various phases of the
Superfund public health evaluation process, e.g.,
toxicity assessment, risk characterization, and
exposure assessment. Test methods are being
developed to allow evaluation of the hazard
potential of waste mixtures and to assess complex
exposure. Screening techniques for early detection
of adverse health effects are being developed as
are improved measurement techniques for non-
cancer health endpoints such as reproductive
effects. Extensive programs in pharmacokinetic
modeling and exposure assessment methodology
development are also underway.
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Superfund
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Michael Callahan
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
2,181 9
Health Effects
Hazardous Substances Health Effects/Risk
Assessment and Detection Research
Research develops data and methods to improve
the Superfund public health evaluation process,
evaluate the health effects associated with
cleanup options, and develops biomonitoring
methods. The Superfund risk assessment process
involves assessment of toxicity, exposure, and dose
in support of the characterization of risk. The
research provides improved health evaluation
measures to detect, assess, and evaluate the risks
to human health from hazardous substances as
needed for Superfund removal and remedial
cleanup decisions.
Research will develop test methods needed to
evaluate the hazard potential of waste mixtures,.
screening techniques for early detection of adverse
health effects, and improved measurement of
health endpoints particularly non-cancer
endpoints such as reproductive effects and
neurotoxicity. Predictive techniques that can
reduce the uncertainties in risk assessment caused
by data limitations will be developed and site-
specific data will be generated in response to
requests from the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, the Office of Waste Programs
Enforcement and EPA Regional Offices.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
HERL/RTP
OHR/HQ
Robert Dyer
Thomas Miller
3,779.2
9.9
Scientific
Assessment
Superfund Reportable Quantity
Regulatory Efforts
Chemical-specific data are being provided on
carcinogenicity and chronic effects to support
Program Office activities necessary to adjust, by
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Superfund
regulation, the Reportable Quantities (RQ) for
hazardous substances. These include completion of
the Extremely Hazardous Substances List,
consideration of Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III Section 313
chemicals for listing as CERCLA hazardous
substances, listings in association with Section
3001 of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) support for designation of new substances,
and review of old RQ calculations.
Office or
Laboratory
OHEA/HQ
Contact
Alan Ehrlich
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
684
21
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Innovative/Alternative Technology
Research, Development, and
Demonstration
Section 31 Ib of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act requires EPA to conduct the
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program, which seeks to accelerate the
application of promising new technologies to
Superfund problems. Pursuant to this program,
the Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems, and
Quality Assurance is demonstrating and
evaluating promising monitoring technologies.
Examples of technologies being considered for
demonstration include fiber optics chemical
sensors for ground water contamination,
immunoassay systems for organics contamination,
cannisters for air sampling, x-ray fluorescence for
rapid metals screening, geophysical equipment for
remote sensing of buried waste, and cone
penetrometers for rapid and extended depth soil
sampling.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
EMSL/LV EricKoglin 776.2 15
OMMSQA/HQ Thomas Baugh 0 0
85
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Superfund
E nvironmental
Processes and
Effects
Evaluate Technologies to Manage
Uncontrolled Waste Sites
This research activity is focused on evaluating
both naturally occurring and improved
microorganisms for the degradation of hazardous
substances. Present knowledge and available
biodegradation technology will be expanded to
enable this cleanup technique to be advanced as a
viable option to existing chemical and physical
remediation processes.
To effect cleanup of hazardous chemicals in the
environment, the metabolism of indigenous
microorganisms will be enhanced and genetically
engineered microbial strains with novel
biodegradation characteristics will be constructed.
Methods and principles for their application will
be developed and potential ecological risks
determined. The program will identify high
priority chemical structures for study, develop
gene banks of novel capabilities, and develop
approaches for rapid biodegradation. All
extramural monies will be expended by the
participating laboratories subject to final planning
actions.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
Total
Funds ($k)
RSKERL/ADA James F. McNabb 190.0
ERL/ATH Rosemarie C. Russo 112.0
ERL/GB HapPritchard 110.0
OEPER/HQ Will C. LaVeille 1,750.0
Percent
In-House
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Manage Hazardous Substance Research
Centers Program
Authorized by the 1986 amendments to the
Superfund Act, the Hazardous Substance
Research Centers (HSRC) program supports five
university-based research centers across the
country. Several features of the HSRC approach
make it unique among federally-sponsored'
research centers programs. First, the program Jias
a "Think globally, act locally" philosophy. This is
demonstrated by the "Region-Pair" concept which
drives each center. Whatever the research focus of
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Superfund
a particular center is, the center has a
responsibility to address problems of particular
interest to a specific area of the country
corresponding to two contiguous Federal Regions
or "Region- Pairs". Although the results of the
center's research may have universal
applicability, research supported by the center
must be of critical importance to the region-pair.
To ensure this, representatives from the local area
are members of all of the required advisory
committees for the center.
Another significant difference between this
program and others is that the HSRC centers are
required to commit between 10 and 20% of their
funds to the development and conduct of an active
technology transfer program. This, too, must be
designed to address priority information needs of
the states in the region- pair.
Finally, the recipients are required to dedicate a
large percentage of their own resources to the
operation of the center. At least 20% of the total
center's resources must be provided by the
recipient. This ensures a continuing commitment
to the success of the venture by the universities
involved.
The centers, which consist of multi-university
consortiums, were selected through a competitive
peer review process and were put in place in
February 1989. Each center has an eight-year life
expectancy and receives approximately $1.0
million annually from EPA. The lead institution of
each consortium and the main research focus of
each center are described below:
Region-Pair 1 -2: New Jersey Institute of
Technology: incineration and in-situ remediation
and treatment techniques
Region-Pair 3 -5: The University of Michigan:
bioremediation of organics
Region-Pair 4 -6: North Carolina State
University: waste minimization and waste
management
Region-Pair 7-8: Kansas State University:
extraction of metals and mining wastes and
removal of pesticide residues from soil, water, and
groundwater
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Superfund
Region-Pair 9-10: Stanford University:
physical, chemical, and biological treatment of
surface and subsurface contaminants
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OER/HQ Roger Cortesi 5,000 0
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR) Program—Superfund
EPA is required to devote 1.25% of its extramural
budget to Small Business Innovation Research
(SBIR). The SBIR Program funds, via contracts,
small businesses with ideas relevant to EPA's
mission. The program focuses exclusively on
hazardous substance projects. Proposals are
solicited in the fall of each year for Phase I
research. Phase I research consists of feasibility
studies which are supported at a level of up to
$50,000. Of these Phase I studies, the best are
selected for Phase II studies where actual product
development is started. Phase II studies are
supported up to a level of $150,000. Results from
the SBIR Program are expected to lead to the
commercial development of a product or process
used in pollution control.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Walter Preston
Total
Funds (Sk)
792
Percent
In-House
Exploratory
Research Core
Program
Superfund Research Grants
The superfund research grants program supports
research initiated by individual investigators in
areas of priority interest to the Agency. Research
proposals are solicited via the Request for
Applications (RFA), which is a targeted
solicitation mechanism that identifies Agency
research needs in well-defined areas. Only
proposals which specifically address those needs
are accepted for review and possible funding.
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OER/HQ
Roger Cortesi
Total
Funds ($k)
2,500
Percent
In-House
88
-------
Interdisciplinary
Consistent Risk Assessment
OCienuilC rpne scientific assessment program provides
Assessment uniform Agency-wide guidance on, and assures
the consistency of, exposure and risk assessments
that support regulatory decision making by EPA.
The program consists of three major
components—Risk Assessment Guidelines, the
Risk Assessment Forum, and the Integrated Risk
Information System.
Risk Assessment Guidelines—Work will
continue on the development of Agency-wide risk
assessment guidelines. New final guidelines will
be published for exposure measurements, male
and female reproductive effects, and amendments
for the 1986 developmental toxicity guidelines.
The Agency will propose new guidelines for
neurotoxicity, quantitative guidance for non-
cancer health effects, and amendments to the
cancer guidelines issued in 1986.
Risk Assessment Forum—The Risk Assessment
Forum, a group of senior scientists, meets
regularly to promote consensus on risk assessment
issues and to ensure that this consensus is
incorporated into appropriate risk assessment
guidance.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)—
EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
is an electronic data base of summary health risk
information and regulatory information on
chemical substances. Primarily intended to serve
as a guide for EPA staff when assessing the health
risk posed by a chemical, IRIS is available to EPA
contractors, state and international
environmental agencies, other federal agencies,
universities and other risk assessors. This Agency-
wide system is readily accessible on E-mail. The
health information contained in IRIS has been
reviewed and agreed upon by EPA review groups
of expert scientists. By the end of the year about
600 chemicals should be in the data base,
including some Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III right- to-
know chemicals.
89
-------
Interdisciplinary
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Office or
Laboratory Contact
OHEA/HQ William Farland
Total Human Exposure
Total Percent
Funds ($k) In-House
4,262.6
57
At present, EPA lacks information on human
exposure to virtually all chemicals of critical
importance to public health. Knowing the number
of people exposed and their level of exposure is
essential for estimating risk. Without this
knowledge, it is currently impossible to make
adequate risk assessments, nor can we prioritize
the major sources and pathways of exposure. This
new long-term program is aimed at developing an
exposure data base to serve as a foundation for
exposure assessment, and, consequently, risk
management strategies.
The goal is to measure and predict human
exposures and assess trends in human exposure to
chemicals of importance to the Agency. Specific
objectives include: (1) developing methodologies
for exposure measurement and modeling; (2)
characterizing representative microenvironments
on a national scale; (3) defining regional and
nationwide activity patterns; (4) measuring
exposure and body burden directly in field studies;
(5) determining the major sources of exposure—
including air, drinking water, and food—and their
contribution to risk; (6) developing and validating
exposure models and exposure-dose relationships;
(7) providing a comprehensive national data base
on exposure for use of the Agency and the
environmental community; (8) monitoring
nationwide trends and regional differences in
human exposure and activity patterns; and (9)
assessing the effectiveness of regulations by
observing these trends in total exposure.
Initially, this program will stress five major
areas: (1) measurement methods development for
personal monitoring and microenvironmental
characterization; (2) chemical characterization of
representative microenvironments (air, food, soil,
water); (3) documentation of human activity
patterns; (4) development and validation of
predictive exposure models; and (5) direct
measurement of exposure to validate models.
90
-------
Interdisciplinary
Office or
Laboratory
AREAL/RTP
EMSL/LV
EMSL/CIN
OMMSQA/HQ
Contact
Gerald Akland
Gareth Pearson
Al Dufour
Lance Wallace
Total
Funds ($k)
2,400.0
1,000.0
225.0
0
Percent
In-House
30
12
0
0
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems
and Quality
Assurance
Ecological Trends
This program will identify, collect, organize, and
analyze environmental monitoring data and
report periodically to the Administrator,
Congress, and the public on the current status and
trends in indicators of the condition of the nation's
ecological resources. This will allow EPA to better
assess the status and extent of current
environmental problems, by providing diagnostic
clues as to the cause of these problems, by
establishing baseline conditions against which
future change can be measured, and by assessing
the degree to which regulatory programs, singly or
together, protect the nation's ecological resources.
The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) will focus on regional- and
national-scale problems and will target program
outputs at EPA officials who must respond to
Congress and the public and senior managers who
must direct EPA's finite resources where they will
be most beneficial.
Scientifically, EMAP will: (1) identify,
characterize, classify, and quantify the ecological
resources at risk; (2) design statistical sampling
frames that provide unbiased estimates of
environmental conditions on a regional basis; (3)
identify, evaluate, and develop indicators of
ecological condition; (4) operational monitoring
programs at a national level for resources of
greatest concern; and (5) develop data
management and quality assurance systems that
allow timely analysis and periodic reporting of
program results.
Office or Total Percent
Laboratory Contact Funds ($k) In-House
OMMSQA/HQ Rick Linthurst 7,800.0 38
AREAL/RTP JayMesser 0 0
91
-------
Overview
Introduction
The primary goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is to
mitigate the adverse impacts of pollution on human health and the
environment. Toward that end, Agency management must make decisions
regarding the development of policy, guidance, standards, regulations, and
the appropriate tools for implementing pollution abatement strategies. It
is the primary mission of the Office of Research and Development (ORD) to
provide high quality, timely scientific and technical information in the
service of Agency goals. The Agency's research program is conducted
through 12 environmental laboratories across the country, employing
some 2000 people, with an annual budget of about $375 million. The
research focuses on areas targetted by the planning process as needing
additional emphasis in order to provide the information required for
Agency decision making.
Research Perspectives
The overall planning process engenders an applied research and
development program focused on answering key scientific and technical
questions related to EPA's decision making, short-term scientific and
technical studies supporting immediate regulatory and enforcement
decisions, and a longer-term research program that extends the knowledge
base of environmental science and anticipates environmental problems.
The core research and development program is focused on the following
functional areas:
• Health effects research—to determine the adverse effects of pollutants
on human health
• Ecological effects research—to determine the adverse effects of
pollutants on ecosystems
• Environmental process and fate research—to understand how
pollutants are transported and modified as they move through soils,
ground and surface waters, and the atmosphere
• Environmental monitoring research—to develop methods of identifying
pollutants in the environment and measuring exposure to such
substances
• Risk assessment research—to develop methods to integrate information
on pollutant sources, fate and transport, exposure, and health and
ecological effects in order to assess the overall risk posed by a pollutant
or a group of pollutants
92
-------
Overview
• Risk reduction research—to develop control technologies to treat,
destroy, or contain pollutants and methods to reduce or eliminate the
sources of pollutants or to prevent exposure to pollutants.
In addition to functional areas, several cross-media problems also
categorize the total ORD program. Those cross- media problems receiving
special emphasis at present and for the foreseeable future and the Agency
programs most concerned are:
• Global climate change (air, water, hazardous waste);
• Total and human exposure assessment (air, water, hazardous
waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances);
• Wetlands (water, hazardous waste/superfund);
• Accidental releases (air, water, hazardous waste/superfund);
• Comparative risk for complex mixtures (air, water, hazardous
waste/superfund, pesticides/toxic substances);
• Technology Transfer (all); and
• Biotechnology (air, water, pesticides/toxic substances).
Conclusions
ORD's ongoing activities evolve from a process of mediation between
research concepts and regulatory/programmatic applications, as well as
from a growing fund of commonly held priorities and core values. As the
Agency continues to refine strategies for addressing increasingly complex
environmental problems, the goal of ORD is to affect those strategies with
sound science, sound judgment, and vision.
93
-------
Office of Research
Program Management
Clarence Mahan, Dir.
CO
Office of Modeling,
Monitoring Systems &
Quality Assurance
Rick Linthurst,* Dir.
Atmospheric
Research &
Exposure
Assessment
Lab.,Research
Triangle Park, NC
Gary Foley, Dir.
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab, Cincinnati, OH
Tom Clark, Dir.
Environmental
Monitoring Systems
Lab.,Las Vegas, NV
Robert Snelling,*
Dir.
Assistant Administrator for
Research and Development
Erich Bretthauer*
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John H. Skinner*
Office of Environmental
Engineering & Technology
Demonstration
Alfred Lindsey,* Dir.
Air & Energy
Engineering Research
Lab.. Research
Triangle Park, NC
Frank Princiotta, Dir.
Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH
Timothy Oppelt, Dir.
Office of Exploratory
Research
Roger S. Cortesi, Dir.
Office of Environmental
Processes & Effects
Research
Courtney Riordan, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Corvallis, OR
Thomas Murphy, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Athens, GA
Rosemarie Russo, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab.,Duluth, MN
Gilman Veith, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab .Narragansett, Rl
Norbert Jaworski, Dir.
Environmental Research
Lab..Gulf Breeze, FL
Ray Wilhour,* Dir.
R. S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab.,Ada, OK
Clinton Hall, Dir
Office of Health
Research
Ken Sexton, Dir
Health Effects
Research Lab.,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lawrence Reiter,
Dir.
1
OKice of Technology
Transfer & Regulatory
Support
Peter Preuss, Dir.
Office of Health &
Environmental
Assessment
William Farland, Dir.
Human Health
Assessment Group
Hugh McKinnon,* Dir.
Exposure Assessment
Group
Michael Callahan, Dir.
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office,
Research Triangle
Park, NC
Lester Grant, Dir.
Environmental Criteria
& Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH
Steven Lutkenhoff,"
Dir
"Acting
-------
ORD Organization
Please note, the list below includes both commercial (CML) and Federal
(FTS) telephone numbers. Where only one number is listed, it serves both
purposes.
Assistant Administrator for Research and Development
Erich Bretthauer (Acting) (202) 382-7676
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Deputy Assistant Administrator
John H. Skinner (Acting)
(202) 382-7676
Senior ORD Official, Cincinnati
Francis T. Mayo
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Support Services Office
Director, Robert N. Carr
CML (513) 569-7951
FTS 8-684-7951
CML (513) 569-7966
FTS 8-684-7966
Senior ORD Official, Research Triangle Park
Ralph H. Hazel (MD-50)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-0179
FTS 8-629-0179
Office of Research Program Management
Director, Clarence E. Mahan
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-674)
(202) 382-7500
Office of Exploratory Research
Director, Roger Cortesi
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-675)
Research Grants Staff
Director, Robert Papetti
(202) 382-5750
(202) 382-7473
95
-------
ORD Organization
Research Centers Program
Acting Director, Karen Morehouse
Visiting Scientists Program
Coordinator, Alvin Edwards
Small Business Innovation Research Program
Director, Walter Preston
(202) 382-5750
(202) 382-7473
(202) 383-7445
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support
Director, Peter W. Preuss
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-672)
Regulatory Support, Staff
Director, Jay Benforado
Technology Transfer Staff
Director, Jack Stanton
Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI)
Director, Calvin Lawrence
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Regional Operations Staff
Director, David Klauder
Regional Scientist Program Coordinator,
Mike Moore
(202) 382-7669
(202)
(202)
CML(513)
FTS8-
(202)
(202)
382-7669
382-7671
569-7391
684-7391
382-7667
382-7667
Office of Health Research
Director, Ken Sexton
Deputy Director, (Vacant)
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-683)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Mary Ellen Radzikowski
Environmental Health Research Staff
Director, David Kleffman
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Director, Lawrence W. Reiter (MD-51)
Deputy Director, Harold Zenick
(202)382-5900
(202) 382-5891
(202) 382-5893
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
96
-------
ORD Organization
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality Assurance
Acting Director, Rick A. Linthurst (202) 382-5767
Deputy Director, H. Matthew Bills
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-680)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Paul D. Palm
Quality Assurance Management Staff
Director, Stanley Blacker
Modeling and Monitoring Systems Staff
Director, Frederick W. Kutz
Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory
Director, Gary J. Foley
Acting Deputy Director, Larry T. Cupitt
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Clark
Deputy Director, Gerald D. McKee
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory
Acting Director, Robert N. Snelling
Acting Deputy Director, Harold Kibby
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
Vint Hill Station
Director, John Montanari
P.O. Box 1587, Building 166
Warrenton, VA 22186
(202) 382-5761
(202) 382-5763
(202) 382-5776
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
CML (703) 347-6224
FTS 8-557-3110
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Director, Willilam H. Farland
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-689)
Program Operations Staff
Chief, Barry Goldfarb
CML (202) 382-7315
FTS 8-382-7315
CML (202) 382-7311
FTS 8-382-7311
97
-------
ORD Organization
Program Liaison Staff CML (202) 382-7323
Chief, Jerry Moore FTS 8-382-7323
Technical Information Staff CML (202) 382-7345
Chief, Marie Pfaff FTS 8-382-7345
Human Health Assessment Group CML (202) 382-7338
Acting Director, Hugh McKinnon FTS 8-382-7338
Exposure Assessment Group CML (202) 475-8909
Director, Michael Callahan FTS 8-475-8909
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Director, Lester Grant (MD-52) CML (919) 541-4173
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Acting Director, Steven D. Lutkenhoff CML (513) 569-7531
Cincinnati, OH 45268 FTS 8-684-7531
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology
Demonstration
Acting Director, Alfred Lindsey (202) 382-2600
Acting Deputy Director, Stephen Lingle
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-681)
Program Development Staff
Director, Greg Ondich (202) 382-5748
Program Management Staff
Director, Al Galli (202) 382-2583
Deputy Director, Steve Jackson
Field Laboratories
Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory
Director, Frank Princiotta (MD-60) CML (919) 541-2821
Deputy Director, Blair Martin FTS 8-629-2821
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
98
-------
ORD Organization
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Director, E. Timothy Oppelt
Deputy Director, John Convery
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Releases Control Branch
Director, Jack Farlow
Edison, NJ 08817
CML (513) 569-7418
FTS 8-684-7418
CML (201) 321-6600
FTS 8-340-6600
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Research
Director, Courtney Riordan (202) 382-5950
Deputy Director, Michael W. Slimak
Headquarters, Washington, DC (RD-682)
Program Operations Staff
Director, Patricia M. Neuschatz
Terrestrial and Ground Water Effects Staff
Director, Jack Durham
Marine, Freshwater and Modeling Staff
Acting Director, Anthony Janetos
Field Laboratories
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory
Director, Clinton W. Hall
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Rosemarie C. Russo
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
Office of Research Operations
Director, Robert R. Swank
Office of Program Operations
Director, Roger K. NeeSmith
(202) 382-5962
(202) 475-8930
(202) 382-5791
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2224
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
CML (404) 546-3128
FTS 8-250-3128
CML (404) 546-3430
FTS 8-250-3430
99
-------
ORD Organization
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Thomas A. Murphy CML (503) 757-4601
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-420-4601
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Oilman D. Veith CML (218) 727-6692
Associate Director for Research, FTS 8-780-5550
Philip M. Cook
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Monticello Field Station CML only
Box 500 (612) 295-5145
Monticello, MN 55362
Large Lakes Research Station CML (313) 675-5000
9311 Groh Road FTS 8-226-7811
Grosse He, MI 48138
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, Norbert A. Jaworski CML (401) 782-3001
Deputy Director, (Vacant) FTS 8-838-6001
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
Hatfield Marine Science Center CML only
Newport, OR 97365 (503) 867-4041
Environmental Research Laboratory
Director, (Vacant) CML (904) 932-5333
Deputy Director, Raymond G. Wilhour FTS 8-686-9011
Senior Science Advisor,
Andrew J. McErlean
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
100
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
Office of
Technology
Transfer and
Regulatory
Support
The Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support (OTTRS) is responsible for integrating
ORD's scientific and engineering information and
expertise into EPA's regulatory decision-making
process and disseminating the results to EPA's
Regional Offices. OTTRS also transfers ORD's
information and technology to State and local
organizations involved in environmental
protection. This Office provides overall
management and coordination of the ORD
technology transfer program. Specific
responsibilities include: (1) facilitating and
promoting the transfer of technology and technical
information and understanding to State and local
users (2) analyzing Agency scientific and technical
issues to ensure appropriate integration within
the Agency's regulatory program activities, (3)
implementing a comprehensive national program
to facilitate dissemination and exchange of
scientific or technical information resulting from
ORD's research and development programs
through the Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI), and (4) conducting a program
which places ORD scientists in EPA Regional
Offices on a rotational basis.
Office of
Exploratory
Research
The Office of Exploratory Research (OER) is
responsible for planning, administering,
managing and evaluating EPA's exploratory
research program in general and, in particular, its
extramural grant research in response to Agency
priorities as established by Agency planning
mechanisms. Its basic objective is to support
research aimed at developing a better basic
scientific understanding of the environment and
its inherent problems. OER accomplishes this
objective through five core programs: a
Competitive Research Grants Program, an
Environmental Research Centers Program, a
Hazardous Substance Research Centers Program,
a Visiting Scientists Program and a Small
Business Innovation Research Program. Separate
descriptions of these programs are provided
elsewhere in this research guide. In addition to the
core programs, OER administers other programs
101
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
which are not supported by research and
development funds but are nonetheless important
to the accomplishment of the OER objective. They
include:
• A Minority Fellowship Program which awards
fellowships to college seniors and graduate
students enrolled on a full-time basis at
Historically Black Colleges and Universities
and majoring in curricula that could be applied
to the solution of environmental problems.
• A Minority Summer Intern Program which
extends to recipients of fellowships under the
Minority Fellowship Program the opportunity
for on-hands experience in the area of their
academic training by way of a summer
internship at an EPA or other environmental
facility. (Both the Minority Fellowship Program
and the Minority Summer Intern Program are
components of the Minority Institutions
Assistance Program, which is briefly described
elsewhere in this document.)
• The Agency's Senior Environmental
Employment Program (SEE) which utilizes the
skills and talents of older Americans to meet
employment needs of environmental programs.
• The Federal Workforce Training Program
which coordinates ORD's participation in
workforce training programs used by state and
local governments.
• The Scientific and Technological Achievement
Awards Program which gives recognition and
makes monetary awards to EPA/ORD
laboratory scientists and researchers for
outstanding contributions to environmental
research.
Office of
E n vironmental
Engineering
and
Technology
Demonstration
The Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration is responsible for the
assessment and the development of methods for
control of the environmental and socio-economic
impacts of municipal and industrial operations
and of energy and mineral resource extraction,
processing, conversion, and utilization systems.
102
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in
Cincinnati, Ohio, investigates ways to prevent,
control, and treat hazardous wastes and
Superfund related activities. This includes
defining and characterizing sources of pollution,
catalyzing advances in the state-of-the-art of
pollution control, providing engineering concepts
for cost-effective engineering solutions to difficult
pollution problems and early-warning of emerging
sources of pollution.
It also investigates, develops and demonstrates
cost-effective methods for the treatment and
management of municipal wastewater and sludges
and urban runoff; and of industrial processing and
manufacturing and toxic discharges; and the
development of technology and management
systems for the treatment, distribution and
presentation of public drinking water supplies.
The Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, catalyzes the development of control
technologies and process modifications needed to
establish and meet standards for air emissions in a
timely and cost-effective manner, and supports
EPA's regulatory and enforcement programs. The
Laboratory also environmentally assesses the
manufacture of synthetic fuels and other current
and emerging energy sources.
Office of
Health
Research
The Office of Health Research is responsible for
developing and evaluating toxicity test methods
and for providing toxicity data to enable the
Agency to accurately identify hazards and
determine human risk from environmental
exposure. To fulfill this mission, research is
conducted in three major areas:
—Toxicity test method development
— Generation of dose-response data
— Development of methods to use data from
toxicity testing and dose-response studies to
estimate human morbidity and mortality;
including extrapolation from animal data to
human effects, from high to low doses, from
103
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
acute toxicity to long-term effects, and from
exposure to dose.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory (HERD
with divisions in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina and Cincinnati, Ohio, conducts research,
both intramurally and extramurally, which is
responsive to these goals. Physical, biological and
chemical agents are studied; and research is
conducted in the scientific disciplines of
pulmonary toxicology, genetic toxicology,
neurotoxicology, developmental and reproductive
toxicology, and epidemiology and biometry.
Research to improve the quality of health risk
assessment is being conducted through the
development of pharmacokinetic and biologically
based models. These models are being developed to
more accurately predict the relationship between
environmental concentration, target tissue dose
and ultimate health effect.
Office of
E n vironmental
Processes and
Effects
Research
The Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research is responsible for the administration of a
broad range of ecological research programs.
These programs are structured to provide the
scientific data and technological methods
necessary to understand, predict, and control the
entry and movement of pollutants into the
environment and to determine the effects of such
substances on organisms and ecosystems. The
information and research products resulting from
these programs are directly applicable to fulfilling
the Agency's regulatory responsibilities.
Research is conducted within the full realm of
environmental media—atmosphere, soil, ground
water, surface water, and coastal and marine
waters. Major areas of study include toxic
substances, hazardous waste, pesticides, acid
deposition, biotechnology, global climate change,
stratospheric ozone, wetlands, water quality,
ecological risk assessment.and status of critical
ecological resources—particularly coastal
ecosystems. The Office actively provides technical
support in environmental science and technology
104
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
to regions and States in order to assist in problem
solving and to transfer information and
technology to local users.
The Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma, serves as U.S.
EPA's center for ground water research, focusing
its efforts on studies of the transport and fate of
contaminants in the subsurface, development of
methodologies for protection and restoration of
ground-water quality, and evaluation of the
applicability and limitations of using natural soil
and subsurface processes for the treatment of
hazardous wastes. Subsurface transport and fate
information is incorporated into mathematical
models for use in predicting the transport and fate
of contaminants in the subsurface. Efforts to
support the immediate needs and activities of
EPA's operating programs are focused on the
Underground Injection Control Program, the
Wellhead Protection Program and the Hazardous
Waste and Superfund Programs. RSKERL's
Technology Support Program provides decision-
makers with a source of information on subsurface
fate and transport of contaminants and in situ
remediation technologies, as well as the associated
expert assistance required to effectively use this
information.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Athens, Georgia, conducts and manages
fundamental and applied research to predict and
assess the human and environmental exposures
and risks associated with the release of
conventional and toxic pollutants in water and
soil. The research focus is predictive ecological
science—predictive pollutant fate, predictive
exposure assessment, and predictive ecological
risk assessment and eco-resource management.
The research identifies and characterizes the
natural biological and chemical processes that
affect the environmental fate and effects of specific
toxic substances, such as pesticides or metals. The
results are applied in state-of-the-art
mathematical models for assessing and managing
environmental pollution problems. Emphasized
research areas in FY90 are biospheric feedback in
global warming, ecological risk assessment,
sediment quality evaluation, and artificial
105
-------
ORD Organizational Descriptions
intelligence-expert systems for predicting
chemical reactivity.
EPA's Center for Exposure Assessment
Modeling (CEAM) an internationally known
center of modeling expertise located at the Athens
Lab, provides models, training, and applications
support for exposure evaluation and ecological
risk assessment. CEAM assists the Agency and
States in environmental risk-based decisions
concerning the protection of surface water, soil,
ground water, and air.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Corvallis, Oregon, conducts research on terrestrial
and watershed ecology and assesses the
comprehensive ecological impact of inland
pollution and other environmental changes caused
by man. This includes the ecological effects of
airborne pollutants, such as acid deposition; the
ecological effects of global climate UV-B changes;
the effects of toxic chemicals on terrestrial plants,
animals, and ecosystems; the assessment and
restoration of contaminated or degraded
environments; the characterization and
assessment of the vulnerability of ecological
systems such as wetlands, to human impacts; and
the ecological risks from the terrestrial release of
bioengineered organisms and other biological
control agents.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Duluth, Minnesota, is primarily responsible for
developing water quality criteria for the Nation's
freshwaters. The mission of this laboratory is to
develop methods for predicting and assessing the
effects of pollutants and pollution activities on
freshwater resources. Located on Lake Superior,
the laboratory specializes in the toxicology of
pesticides, industrial chemicals and hazardous
substances. The laboratory has diversified
research programs and two research stations
(Grosse He, MI—Great Lakes Research—and
Monticello, MN—Wetlands/Ecological Research)
in carrying out its mission. i
ERL-Duluth continues to conduct its research '
in surface freshwater systems, both flowing and
lakes, including the Great Lakes and Freshwater
Wetlands. Research programs center on stresses
from water criteria pollutants, xenobiotics, and
106
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
biological stressors including climate changes and
sediments. Investigations focus on the impact of
these stresses through a risk assessment/reduction
framework including (1) stress/source assessment,
(2) classify/characterize, (3) hazard identification,
(4) stressor/close response, (5) resiliency/recovery,
(6) quantitative risk characterization, and (7)
mitigation option analysis.
The Environmental Research Laboratory at
Narragansett, Rhode Island, along with its Pacific
Coast laboratory in Newport, Oregon, is the
Agency's National Marine Environmental Quality
Research Laboratory. The Laboratory's research
and development efforts support primarily the
EPA's Office of Water, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, and the Office of Air and
Radiation. The Laboratory efforts respond mainly
to legislative requirements of the Clean Water
Act, the Marine Protection, Research and
Sanctuaries Act, and the Superfund
Reauthorization Act. Major emphasis is placed on
providing the scientific base for environmental
criteria, waste disposal practices, environmental
analysis/impacts, assessments and marine and
estuarine risk assessments for regulatory
activities of responsible offices.
The principal core areas of the Laboratory
reflect its major strengths and are critical to
accomplish the Laboratory's mission and the
Agency's risk assessment approach to
environmental protection. The Laboratory's core
disciplines are: Environmental Chemistry,
Transports and Fate, Biological and Ecological
Effects, Biomonitoring, Ecological Risk
Assessment and Multidisciplinary Information
Management.
The Laboratory is responsible for the following
research program areas: (1) marine and estuarine
disposal, discharge of (and recovery from) complex
wastes, dredged materials, and other wastes; (2)
water use designation and derivation of criteria
for marine and estuarine water and sediment; (3)
environmental assessment of ocean disposal and
discharges of wastes and wastewaters; (4)
technical and research support for evaluating
remediation options at proposed and designated
marine/estuarine Superfund sites; and (5)
107
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
research on the effects of global warming and the
depletion of stratospheric ozone on marine
systems. Technical assistance, technology
transfer, and investigations of an emergency
nature, e.g., spills of toxic material, also are
provided to aid EPA offices in evaluating
environmental threats posed by toxicants, other
pollutants, and physical modifications along the
Mid and North Atlantic, West Coasts, and other
geographic locations. Technical assistance is also
provided to other Federal agencies, states,
municipalities, and industry.
The Environmental Research Laboratory in
Gulf Breeze, Florida, has broad research objectives
which include the development of scientific
information necessary for (1) formulation of
guidelines, standards, and strategies for
management of hazardous materials in the near-
coastal marine environment, (2) definition of
current ecological "health" status and prediction
of changes in ecological structure and function,
and (3) description of cause(s) of aberrant
conditions or observed changes in ecological
status. Research is primarily devoted to chemical
compounds and biological products regulated by
EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
the Office of Water Programs, and the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Research programs specifically addressed by
the Laboratory include (1) definition and
evaluation of factors and mechanisms that affect
biodegradation rates and bioaccumulation
potential in food-webs; (2) development of
procedures and evaluation protocols for the
biological treatment of hazardous wastes; (3)
determination of effects of carcinogens, mutagens,
and teratogens in aquatic species (organisms and
populations); (4) development of principles and
applications of ecotoxicology, including
measurements and predictions of the fate and
effects of chemicals and bio technological products
on estuarine organisms, populations,
communities, and associated ecological structure
and function; (5) development and verification of
methods and data that allow extrapolation of
effects from laboratory observations to field
situations, within and among species, populations,
108
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
communities, and ecosystems; and (6)
development of methods to evaluate the
environmental risk of toxic chemicals and
products of biotechnology to the marine
environment.
Office of
Modeling,
Monitoring
Systems and
Quality
Assurance
The Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance (OMMSQA) is responsible for:
(a) research with respect to the characterization,
transport, and fate of pollutants which are
released into the atmosphere; (b) development and
demonstration of techniques and methods to
monitor and model human and ecological exposure
and to relate ambient concentrations to exposure
by critical receptors; (c) research, development and
demonstration of new monitoring methods,
systems, techniques, and equipment for detection,
identification and characterization of pollutants at
the source and in the ambient environment and for
use as reference or standard monitoring methods;
(d) management and oversight of the Agency-wide
quality assurance program; and (e) development
and provision of quality assurance methods,
techniques and material including validation and
standardization of analytical methods, sampling
techniques, quality control methods, standard
reference materials, and techniques for data
collection, evaluation and interpretation.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, conducts
research and development programs related to: (a)
monitoring of pollutantsin the environments; (b)
developing sampling strategies and techniques for
monitoring hazardous waste leachates in soil and
groundwater; (c) developing remote sensing
techniques; (d) conducting human exposure
monitoring and modeling studies covering several
environmental media; (e) evaluating analytical
methods for the characterization and
quantification of hazardous wastes; and (f)
providing quality assurance in support of the
EPA's hazardous waste, Superfund, pesticides,
ionizing radiation, and acid deposition programs.
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
The Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio, has as its primary
missions: (a) conducts research in the
development, evaluation, and standardization of
chemical and biological methods for
environmental assessments: (b) conducts research
for detecting, identifying and quantifying
microbial pathogens found in environmental
media; and (c) provides quality assurance in
support of the waste water, and related solid
wastes, Superfund, and toxics programs.
The Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Laboratory in Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina, conducts intramural and
extramural research programs through laboratory
and field research in chemical, physical, and
biological sciences to: (a) characterize and
quantify present and future ambient air pollutant
levels and resultant exposures to humans and
ecosystems on local, regional, and global scales; (b)
develop and validate models to predict changes in
air pollution levels and air pollutant exposures
and determine the relationships among the factors
affected by predicted and observed changes; (c)
determine source-to-receptor relationships
relating to ambient air quality and air pollutant
exposures, developing predictive models to be used
for assessments of regulatory alternatives derived
from these relationships, directly or indirectly;
and (d) conduct long-term research in the areas of
atmospheric methods, quality assurance, field
monitoring, biomarkers, spatial statistics,
exposure assessment, human activity patterns,
and modeling research.
Office of
Health and
Environmental
Assessment
The Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment (OHEA) is responsible for assessing
the effects of environmental pollutants in varying
exposure situations on human health and
ecological systems and determining the degree of
risks from these exposures. The risk assessments
performed by OHEA are used by the Agency as the
scientific basis for regulatory and enforcement
decisions. OHEA's responsibilities also include the
development of risk assessment guidelines and
110
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ORD Organizational Descriptions
methodologies, and recommendations for new
research efforts that will better support future
EPA risk assessment activities and research that
will reduce the uncertainties in EPA risk
assessment activities.
Comprehensive methodologies are prepared for
health assessments of both single chemicals and
complex mixtures. Technical assistance to various
Agency programs and Regional Offices concerning
acceptable pollutant levels and dose-response
relations is also provided.
The Office includes four organizational groups:
The Human Health Assessment Group provides
state-of-the-art methodology, guidance, and
procedures on the health risks associated with
suspected cancer-causing agents and the risks
associated with chemicals that are suspected of
causing detrimental reproductive effects,
including mutagenic, teratogenic, and other
adverse reproductive outcomes and reduced
fertility; assures quality and consistency in the
Agency's scientific risk assessments; provides
advice on proposed testing requirements for
adequate risk assessments; and prepares
independent risk assessments.
The Exposure Assessment Group provides
advice on the exposure characteristics and factors
of agents that are suspected of causing
detrimental health effects; provides state-of-the-
art methodology, guidance, and procedures for
exposure determinations; assures quality and
consistency in the Agency's exposure assessments,
and prepares independent assessments of exposure
and recommendations concerning the exposure
potential of specific agents.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
is responsible for preparing air quality criteria
documents and air pollutant health assessment
documents for use in Agency regulatory activities,
as well as legislatively required health-related
reports.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office in Cincinnati, Ohio, prepares health and
hazard assessment documents on water pollution
and solid and hazardous wastes and hazardous air
pollutants.
Ill
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
CERI/CIN
ECAO/CIN
ECAO/RTP
EMSL/CIN
EMSL/LV
AREAL/RTP
RSKERL/ADA
ERL/ATH
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7391
FTS 8-684-7391
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
P.O. Box 93478
Las Vegas, NV 89193-3478
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2100
Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment
Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
P.O. Box 1198
Ada, OK 74820
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2224
Environmental Research Laboratory
College Station Road
Athens, GA 30613
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
112
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
ERL/COR
ERL/DUL
ERL/GB
ERL/NARR
HERL/RTP
RREL/CIN
AEERL/RTP
OEETD/HQ
Environmental Research Laboratory
200 SW 35th Street
Corvallis, OR 97333
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
CML (218) 727-6692
FTS 8-780-5550
Environmental Research Laboratory
Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL 32561
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
Environmental Research Laboratory
South Ferry Road
Narragansett, RI 02882
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
Health Effects Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
CML (513) 569-7418
FTS 8-684-7418
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
(RD-681)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2600
113
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ORD Office/Laboratory
Abbreviations
OEPER/HQ
OER/HQ
OHEA/HQ
OHR/HQ
OMMSQA/HQ
OTTRS/HQ
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Research
(RD-682)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5950
Office of Exploratory Research
(RD-675)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5750
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(RD-689)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7315
Office of Health Research
(RD-683)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5900
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance
(RD-680)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-5767
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory
Support
(H-8105)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-7669
114
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ORD Key Contacts
Abbott, Jim
Akland, Gerald
Barnes, H. M.
Bates, Ed
Baugh, Thomas
Benforado, Jay
Bishop, Fred
Black, Frank
Blacker, Stanley
Bond, Andrew
Bond, Randall
Bromberg, Steve
Brunner, Carl
Budde, William
Bufalni, Joseph
Burckle, John
Butler, Larry
Clark, Robert
Clark, Thomas A.
Clements, John
Convery, John
Cook, Don
Telephone
CML (919) 541-3443
FTS 8-629-3443
CML (919) 541-2346
FTS 8-629-2346
CML (919) 541-2184
FTS 8-629-2184
CML (513) 569-7774
FTS 8-684-7774
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (202) 382-7449
FTS 8-382-7449
CML (513) 569-7629
FTS 8-684-7629
CML (919) 541-3037
FTS 8-629-3037
CML (202) 382-5763
FTS 8-382-5763
CML (919) 541-4329
FTS 8-629-4329
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-2919
FTS 8-629-2919
CML (513) 569-7655
FTS 8-684-7655
CML (513) 569-7309
FTS 8-569-7309
CML (919) 541-2706
FTS 8-629-2706
CML (513) 569-7506
FTS 8-684-7506
CML (702) 798-2114
FTS 8-545-2114
CML (513) 569-7201
FTS 8-684-7201
CML (513) 569-7301
FTS 8-684-7301
CML (919) 541-2188
FTS 8-629-2188
CML (513) 569-7601
FTS 8-684-7601
CML (202) 382-5982
FTS 8-382-5982
Cook, Philip M.
Cordle, Steven
Cortesi, Roger
Costa, Charles
Cote, Ila
Craig, Alfred B.
Cupitt, Larry
Daniel, Bernie
Dellarco, Michael
Dempsey, Clyde
DeRosa, Christopher
desRosiers, Paul
Dick, Marshall
Donaldson, William
Dufour, Alfred
Duke, Tom
Dyer, Robert
Eaton, John
;
Ehrlich, Alan
Evans, Shelly
Fallon, William
Farland, William
Telephone
CML (218) 720-5572
FTS 8-780-5572
CML (202) 382-5940
FTS 8-382-5940
CML (202) 382-5750
FTS 8-382-5750
CML (702) 798-2305
FTS 8-545-2305
CML (919) 541-4922
FTS 8-629-4922
CML (919) 541-2821
FTS 8-629-2821
CML (919) 541-2107
FTS 8-629-2107
CML (513) 569-7411
FTS 8-684-7411
CML (202) 382-5794
FTS 8-382-5794
CML (513) 569-7504
FTS 8-684-7504
CML (513) 569-7531
FTS 8-684-7531
CML (202) 382-2722
FTS 8-382-2722
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (404) 546-3184
FTS 8-250-3184
CML (513) 569-7218
FTS 8-684-7218
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (919) 541-2760
FTS 8-629-2760
CML (218) 720-5557
FTS 8-780-5557
CML (202) 382-7315
FTS 8-382-7315
CML (702) 798-2270
FTS 8-545-2270
CML (202) 382-5739
FTS 8-382-5739
CML (202) 382-5898
FTS 8-382-5898
115
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ORD Key Contacts
Farlow, John
Farrell, Joseph
Finkelstein, Pete
Foley, Gary
Fowle, Jack
Fradkin, Larry
Freeman, Harry
Garrahan, Kevin
Grant, Lester
Hall, Robert E.
Hangebrauck, R. P.
Hern, Stephen
Hill, Ronald D.
Kitchens, Lynnann
Hogsett, William
Hood, Ken
Jakobson, Kurt
Janetos, Anthony
Jaworski, Norbert A.
Jones, Julian
Jutro, Peter
Kapustka, Lawrence
Telephone
CML (201) 321-6635
FTS 8-340-6635
CML (513) 569-7645
FTS 8-684-7645
CML (919) 541-2347 ,
FTS 8-629-2347
CML (919) 541-2106
FTS 8-629-2106
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (513) 569-7584
FTS 8-684-7584
CML (513) 569-7529
FTS 8-684-7529
CML (202) 382-2588
FTS 8-382-2588
CML (919) 541-4173
FTS 8-629-4173
CML (919) 541-2477
FTS 8-629-2477
CML (919) 541-4134
FTS 8-629-4134
CML (702) 798-2594
FTS 8-545-2594
CML (513) 569-7861
FTS 8-684-7861
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (503) 755-4632
FTS 8-420-4632
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (202) 382-5748
FTS 8-382-5748
CML (202) 382-5791
FTS 8-382-5791
CML (401) 782-3000
FTS 8-838-6000
CML (919) 541-2489
FTS 8-629-2489
CML (202) 382-5600
FTS 8-382-5600
CML (503) 757-4606
FTS 8-420-4606
Keeler, George
Kibby, Harold
Klauder, David
Klee.Al
Kleffman, David
Knapp, Kenneth
Koglin, Eric
Kreissl, James
Krishnan, Bala
Kutz, Frederick W.
Kuehl, Douglas W.
Lackey, Robert A.
Laveille.WillC.
Levinson, Barbara
Lewtas, Joellen
Lichtenberg, James
Lindsey, Alfred
Linthurst, Rick
Lykins, Ben
Malanchuk, John L.
Maxwell, Michael
McCarthy, Bill
Telephone
CML (405) 332-8800
FTS 8-743-2212
CML (503) 757-4625
FTS 8-420-4625
CMS (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (513) 569-7493
FTS 8-684-7493
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-3085
FTS 8-629-3085
CML (702) 798-2237
FTS 8-545-2237
CML (513) 569-7611
FTS 8-684-7611
CML (202) 382-2613
FTS 8-382-2613
CML(202)382.-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (218) 720-5511
FTS 8-780-5511
CML (503) 757-4600
FTS 8-420-4600
CML (202) 382-5990
FTS 8-382-5990
CML (202) 382-5983
FTS 8-382-5983
CML (919) 541-3849
FTS 8-629-3849
CML (513) 569-7306
FTS 8-684-7306
CML (202) 382-4073
FTS 8-382-4073
CML (202) 382-5767
FTS 8-382-5767
CML (513) 569-7460
FTS 8-684-7460
CML (202) 382-5600
FTS 8-382-5600
CML (919) 541-3091
FTS 8-629-3091
CML (202) 382-2605
FTS 8-382-2605
116
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ORD Key Contacts
McCarty, James C.
McClenny, William
McElroy, James L.
McKee, Gerald
McKenzie, Daniel
McNabb, James F.
Messer, Jay
Miller, Thomas
Mitchell, William
Mitchum, R. K.
Moore, Martha
Moore, Michael
Mullin, Cynthia
Murphy, Thomas A.
Oberacker, Donald
Oppelt, Timothy.
Ott, Wayne
Pahl, Dale
Parish, Rod
Pashayan, Deran
Patton, Dorothy
Paur, Dick
Telephone
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (914)541-3158
FTS 8-629-3152
CML (702) 798-2361
FTS 8-545-23 61
CML (513) 569-7303
FTS 8-684-7303
CML (503) 757-4666
FTS 8-420-4666
CML (4051332-8800
FTS 8-743-2216
CML (919) 541-0150
FTS 8-629-0150
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (919) 541-2769
FTS 8-629-2769
CML (702) 798-2103
FTS 8-545-2103
CML (919) 541-3933
FTS 8-629-3933
CML (202) 382-7667
FTS 8-382-7667
CML (513) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CML (503) 757-4601
FTS 8-420-4601
CML (513) 569-7523
FTS 8-684-7523
CML (513) 569-7896
FTS 8-684-7896
CML (202) 382-5793
FTS 8-382-5793
CML(919)541-1851
FTS 8-629-1851
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (202) 475-8936
FTS 8-475-8936
CML (202) 475-6743
FTS 8-475-6743
CML (919) 541-3131
FTS 8-629-3131
Pearson, Gareth
Perlin, Susan
Peterson, Spencer
Pitchford, Ann
Plyler, Everett
Preston, Walter
Preuss, Peter
Reiter, Larry
Rhodes, William
Rogers, Charles
Rossman, Lewis
Royer, Michael
Russo, Rosemarie, C.
Saint, Chris
Schiermeier, Francis
Schomaker, Norbert
Schonbrod, Robert
Sexton, Ken
Shapiro, Paul
Shreffler.Jack
Snelling, Robert
Sorg, Tom
Telephone
CML (702) 798-2203
FTS 8-545-2203
CML (202) 382-5893
FTS 8-382-5893
CML (503) 757-4605
FTS 8-420-4605
CML (702) 798-2366
FTS 8-545-2366
CML (919) 541-2918
FTS 8-629-2918
CML (202) 382-7445
FTS 8-382-7445
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML (919) 541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (919) 541-2853
FTS 8-629-2853
CML (513) 569-7757
FTS 8-684-7757
CML (513) 569-7603
FTS 8-684-7603
CML (201) 321-6633
FTS 8-340-6633
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (919) 541-4541
FTS 8-629-4541
CML (513) 569-7871
FTS 8-684-7871
CML (702) 798-2100
FTS 8-545-2229
CML (202) 382-5900
FTS 8-382-5900
CML (202) 382-2583
FTS 8-382-2583
CML (919) 541-2194
FTS 8-629-2194
CML (702) 798-2525
FTS 8-545-2525
CML (513) 569-7370
FTS 8-684-7370
117
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ORD Key Contacts
Spence, John J.
Stanton, John J.
Stevens, Al
Swank, Robert
Tang, Don
Thomas, Nelson
Tingey, Dave
Trout, Dennis
Tucker, W. Gene
Valcovic, Lawrence
Veith, Oilman
Wallace, Lance
Weber, Cornelius
Wilhour, Raymond
Williams, Llew
Williams, Sam
Wilmoth, Roger
Wilson, William
Winter, John
Worlund, John
Worrest, Robert
Wu,Chieh
Telephone
CML (919) 541-2649
FTS 8-629-2649
CML (202) 382-7669
FTS 8-382-7669
CML (513) 569-7342
FTS 8-684-7342
CML (404) 546-3134
FTS 8-250-3134
CML (202) 382-2621
FTS 8-382-2621
CML (218) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (503) 757-4621
FTS 8-420-4621
CML (202) 382-5991
FTS 8-382-5991
CML (919) 541-2746
FTS 8-629-2746
CML (202) 382-7303
FTS 8-382-7303
CML (218) 720-5550
FTS 8-780-5550
CML (202) 382-5776
FTS 8-382-5776
CML (513) 527-8350
FTS 8-778-8350
CML (904) 932-5311
FTS 8-686-9011
CML (702) 798-2138
FTS 8-545-2138
CML (202) 382-5967
FTS 8-382-5967
CML (513) 569-7509
FTS 8-684-7509
CML (919) 541-2551
FTS 8-629-2551
CML (513) 569-7325
FTS 8-684-7325
CML (702) 798-2656
FTS 8-545-2656
CML (202) 382-5981
FTS 8-382-5981
CML (202) 382-5977
FTS 8-382-5977
Zenick, Harold
Zepp, Richard
Telephone
CML(919)541-2281
FTS 8-629-2281
CML (404) 564-3428
FTS 8-250-3428
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ORD Regional Contacts
The Office of Research and Development's Regional Operations Staff is
responsible for planning, coordinating, and reviewing a program to
provide inter-communication and assistance on all matters of mutual
interest and/or responsibility of the Agency's Regional Offices and the
Office of Research and Development.
Finally, for further information regarding EPA technical assistance, or
for additional copies of this report, please contact:
Director, David Klauder (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff (RD-672)
Washington, DC 20460
Telephone
Regional Liaison Officer, Morris Altschuler (202) 382-7667
Regional Operations Staff
Washington, DC 20460
Coordinator, Regional Scientist Program, Mike Moore (202) 382-7667
Washington, DC 20460
ORD/OTTRS Regional Scientists
Louis J. Blume, Region V
Chicago, IL 60604
Dermont Bouchard, Region VII
Kansas City, KA 66101
Gregory A. Kew, Region I
Boston, MA 02203
H. George Keeler, Region VI
Dallas, TX 75270
Norman Kulujian, Region III
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Richard Moraski, Region VIII
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Spencer Peterson, Region X
Seattle, WA 98101
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 1
Region 2
Region 3
Region 4
Region 5
Region 6
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 2203
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, Massachusetts 02203
CML (617) 5B5-3424
FTS 8-835-3424
Environmental Protection Agency
Room 900
26 Federal Plaza
New York, New York 10278
(212) 264-2515
FTS 8-264-2515
Environmental Protection Agency
841 Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215) 597-9370
FTS 8-597-9370
Environmental Protection Agency
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
CML (404) 347-3004
FTS 8-257-3004
Environmental Protection Agency
230 S. Dearborn
Chicago, Illinois 60604
(312) 353-2073
FTS 8-353-2073
Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Ave.
12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, Texas 75202
CML (214) 655-2200
FTS 8-255-2200
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
New Jersey
New York
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Maryland
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Virginia
Alabama
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Minnesota
Ohio
Wisconsin
Arkansas
Louisiana
New Mexico
Oklahoma
Texas
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EPA Regional Offices
Region 7 Environmental Protection Agency
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, Kansas 66101
CML (913) 236-2803
FTS 8-757-2803
Region 8 Environmental Protection Agency
999 18th Street
Suite 500
Denver, Colorado 80202-2405
CML (303) 293-1692
FTS 8-564-1692
Region 9 Environmental Protection Agency
215 Fremont Street
San Francisco, California 94105
CML (415) 974-7767
FTS 8-454-7767
Region 10 Environmental Protection Agency
1200 6th A venue
Seattle, Washington 98101
CML (206) 442-1465
FTS 8-399-1465
Iowa
Kansas
Missouri
Nebraska
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Arizona
California
Hawaii
Nevada
Guam
American Samoa
Alaska
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
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